Jain Dharma me Atmavichar

Author(s): Lalchand Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002140/1

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pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 31 sampAdaka : DA0 sAgaramala jaina jaina darzana meM Atma-vicAra lekhaka DA0 lAlacanda jaina saccaM loNammi sArabhUyaM prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5 pAzvanAthavidyAzrama 1984 sthAna,vArANasA

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 31 : sampAdaka-DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina darzana meM Atma-vicAra ( tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ) lekhaka DaoN0 lAlacanda jaina ema0 e0 ( darzanazAstra, prAkRta eva jainijma tathA saMskRta ) jainadarzanAcArya evaM zAstrAcArya, pI-eca0 DI0 pravaktA prAkRta, jainavidyA evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna baizAlI (bihAra) FEEDSE manA jArANasI saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-5

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prakAzaka : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI - 221005 banArasa hindU yUnirvAsaTI dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha-prabandha prakAzana varSa : san 1984 vIra nirvANa saMvat 2510 saMskaraNa : prathama prApti-sthAna : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa vArANasI - 221005 mUlya : pacAsa rupaye mudraka : kamala priMTiMga presa bhelUpura, vArANasI

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azuddha haiM jo, kAmabhAle mevemaM brahamans zuddha haiM, jo kAmabhAja AtmAnamevemaM Brahmans vedhana bedhana bdeSa hotI hai apane parizeSAdAtmakaryatvAt hotI hai| apane parizeSAdAtmakAryatvAt * * * * * * * + * * * * * * 6 9 3 6 : 9 * * * * * * * * 24 25 nAramAstri nAtmAsti karmazlebhisaMskRtam klezakarmAbhisaMskRtam midyate bhidyate pANA puNa te pANA samasta sammata ora aura ne jaina jaina batalAI gayI batalAyA gayA AtmA AtmA ko mAnane mAnate moktA bhoktA vaizezika vaizeSika kI hai| pratItinasyAd pratItirnasyAda ityAdi indriyAdi calanAyogAdahamazayavAnahaM calanAyogAdahamazanAyAvAnahaM vAda bAda amAna anumAna 32 47

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47 47 52 56 57 57 60 60 61 61 61 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 64 67 68 70 70 72 72 72 72 72 73 74 23 26 21 28 26 26 2 24 6 16 22 24 24 8 12 16 28 31 I 10 11 30 30 23 25 u v or x y 26 28 31 24 28 [ 2 ] na palabhati samprati padArthatvAt pakcavakhaM paido parokatti jinabhadragaNa udAharaNArthaM yogya yogya haitu caitanyavAnAtma astameyeva spaSTahaM hai / jA vidaha paraMgaganavadamUrta: parasmAda Namavvo sa caitanyavAnAtmA astyeva spaSTa mahaM 2 hai| " jo hai siddhezya tatkartA cApi siddhezca tatkartAsstmA'pi siddhassa AtmA paralokamAk siddheyatsaAtmAparalokabhAk sari sida bRtti ekA vinirmitA nA'hamapyasmyacetanam nUpalabbhati sammuti parArthatvAt paccavakhaM parado svabhAvadUrdhvagaH parokkheti jinabhadragaNi udAharaNArtha bhogya bhogya hetu sUri siddha vRtti eka: vinirmala: nA'hamapyastyacetanaM cidahaM pRthaggagana vadamUrta: svaparastha NAyavvo ya svabhAvAdUrdhvagaH

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prakAzakIya 'jaina darzana meM Atma- vicAra' nAmaka prastuta pustaka pAThakoM ke kara-kamaloM meM samarpita karate hue hameM atyanta prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai / prastuta pustaka DaoN0 lAlacanda jaina ke uparyukta viSaya para likhe gaye zodha-prabandha kA hI pariSkArita rUpa hai, jisa para unheM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke dvArA san 1977 meM pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gaI thii| DaoN0 lAlacanda jaina apane snAtakottara adhyayana evaM zodhakArya ke daurAna pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama se nikaTa rUpa se sambandhita rahe haiM, ataH unakI jJAna-sAdhanA ke pratiphala ko prakAzita karate hue hameM prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai / bhAratIya cintana mUlataH AtmA kI khoja kA prayatna hI hai| usane ko'haM se lekara so'haM taka jo yAtrA kI hai, vaha dArzanika dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / Aja vijJAna ke yuga meM manuSya padArtha ke bAre meM to bahuta kucha jAna pAyA hai, kintu vaha apane svarUpa se anabhijJa hai, ataH jaba taka manuSya apane Apako nahIM pahacAnegA, taba taka usakA sArA bAhya jJAna arthahIna hai / 'apane ko jAno' ( Know thyself ) yaha eka pramukha ukti hai / prastuta kRti meM lekhaka ne na kevala jainadarzana kI AtmA sambandhI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa kiyA hai, apitu usane anya darzanoM ke sAtha usakI tulanA bhI kI hai tathA AtmA sambandhI vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karate hue yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki isa sandarbha meM jaina AcAryo Seat dRSTikoNa kitanA saMgatipUrNa aura vyAvahArika hai / prastuta kRti kA vAstavika mUlyAkaMna to pAThaka svayaM isake adhyayana ke dvArA hI kareMge, ataH isa sandarbha meM hamArA adhika kucha kahanA ucita nahIM hogA / prastuta pustaka ke prakAzana hetu bhAI zrI nRparAja jI ke dvArA apane pUjya pitA zrI zAdIlAla jI jaina kI pUNya smRti meM lAyanapensilsa se jo artha - sahayoga prApta huA hai, usake liye hama unake evaM unake parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM ke AbhArI haiM / hama lekhaka ke bhI AbhArI haiM, jisane yaha kRti prakAzana hetu binA kisI pratidAna kI apekSA kiye saMsthA ko samarpita kI / pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina tathA unake sahayogI DaoN0 ravizaMkara mizra evaM DaoN0 aruNapratApa siMha ke bhI hama AbhArI haiM, jinhoMne isa pustaka ke

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-4 saMpAdana, prUpha rIDiMga evaM mudraNa Adi kAryoM ke dAyitva kA nirvAha kiyA / anta meM hama kamala priMTiMga presa ke bhI AbhArI haiM, jinhoMne isa pustaka ke mudraNa-kArya ko surucipUrNa DhaMga se pUrNa kiyA hai / bhUpendranAtha jaina mantrI zrI sohanalAla jaina vidyA prasAraka samiti, pharIdAbAda

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10poediatel pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke ananya hitecchu, samAjasevI, bambaI ke bhU0 pU0 zeripha sva0 lAlAzrIzAdIlAla jaina sAdara samarpita

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Amukha dArzanika cintana ke kSetra meM bhArata agraNI rahA hai / veda, upaniSad evaM Astika-nAstika darzanoM ke vividha nikAyoM ke udbhava meM usakI isa cintanazIlatA ko dekhA jA sakatA hai / kaThopaniSad meM zreya aura preya mArga kI vivecanA milatI hai / zreya kA mArga AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA mArga hai aura preya kA mArga jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA mArga hai| inhIM do cintana-dhArAoM ke AdhAra para pravRtti aura nivRtti mArgoM kA vikAsa huaa| nivRttimArga kI yaha dhArA bhI hameM bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM yAjJavalkya evaM maitreyI ke samvAda meM parilakSita hotI hai| ___ jaina dharma kA vikAsa bhI isI nivRtti mArgI vicAradhArA para huA hai / jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM AtmA ke svarUpa, usake bandhana ke kAraNa aura mukti ke upAyoM ke sambandha meM gahana vivecanA upalabdha hotI hai / DA0 lAlacandra jaina ke 'jaina darzana meM Atma-vicAra' nAmaka isa grantha meM bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke Atmatattva sambandhI cintana ke pariprekSya meM jaina darzana ke Atma-sambandhI vicAra ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| DA0 jaina ne kramapUrvaka aura gaharAI se viSaya kA jo vivecana kiyA hai, vaha prazaMsanIya hai| unhoMne jaina-darzana-sammata AtmA ke svarUpa ke vivecana ke sambandha meM anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM pratipAdana kara phira jaina darzana ke Atmatattva-sambandhI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / isa prakAra grantha meM Atmatattva ke vivecana ko lekara prAcIna pAramparika zailI kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai yaha unakI zailIgata vizeSatA hai / prastuta grantha kI bhUmikA meM lekhaka ne vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM ke AtmA..bandhI vicAroM kA prastutIkaraNa prAmANikatApUrvaka kiyA hai| jisase hameM saMkSepa meM sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kI AtmA-sambandhI avadhAraNAoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / dUsarA adhyAya AtmA ke svarUpa-vimarza se sambandhita hai / isameM unhoMne pAramArthika aura vyAvahArika dRSTi se AtmA ke sva lakSaNoM evaM kartRtva-bhokrtRtva Adi guNoM kA jo vivecana kiyA hai, vaha samagra bhAratIya darzanoM kI mUlabhitti siddha hotA hai| merI dRSTi meM sabhI bhAratIya darzana cAhe ve Astika darzana hoM yA nAstika darzana-apane Atma-sambandhI vicAroM ko lekara upaniSadoM se prabhAvita rahe haiM / prastuta grantha ke AtmA aura karmavipAka nAmaka tRtIya adhyAya meM karma ke svarUpa evaM prakAroM kA varNana bahuta hI vistAra ke sAtha huA hai /

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isameM bhI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai / cAhe karmoM kI avasthAe~ aura unake bhedoM ko lekara bhAratIya darzanoM meM kucha matabheda rahA ho kintu karma siddhAnta kI svIkRti meM ve saba ekamata haiN| bandhana aura mokSa nAmaka caturtha adhyAya meM bandhana ke kAraNa aura usake svarUpa kA bahuta hI prAmANikatApUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura anta meM mokSamArga ke rUpa meM samyak jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA vivecana bhI mahatvapUrNa hai, jo lekhaka kI vidvatA ko prati. bimbita karatA hai / yadyapi jaina darzana se sambandhita aneka grantha hindI bhASA meM upalabdha haiM, phira bhI Atmatattva-sambandhI jitanA vistRta aura gaMbhIra vivecana hameM isa grantha meM mila jAtA hai, utanA anyatra nahIM upalabdha hotA hai / lekhaka ne sthAna-sthAna para saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA ke pramANa uddhRta karake grantha kI prAmANikatA ko bar3hA diyA hai / merA vizvAsa hai ki hindI ke dArzanika sAhitya meM isa grantha ko samucita sthAna prApta hogA aura na kevala jaina darzana ke adhyetA apitu bhAratIya darzana ke adhyetA bhI Atma-tattva kI vivecanA ke sandarbha meM isa prantha se lAbhAnvita hoNge| na0 zaM0 su0 rAmana vArANasI prophesara evaM adhyakSa darzana vibhAga 24 // 3 // 1984 kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI-5

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viSaya-sUcI pahalA adhyAya : bhUmikA : bhAratIyadarzana meM Atma-tatva bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva sambandhI cintana kI mukhyatA ( 1 ); Rgveda tathA upaniSadoM meM AtmA viSayaka vicAroM kI AlocanAtmaka dRSTi ( 2 ) ; upaniSadoM meM AtmA sambandhI vicAroM ke vividha rUpa ( 7 ) ; upaniSadoM meM AtmA aura brahma kI avadhAraNAoM kA barAbara mahatva (10); dArzanika nikAyoM meM Atmacintana (13) - advaita vedAnta tathA sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika aura prabhAkara mImAMsaka, jaina darzana kA mata (13); vaidika athavA hindU darzana meM Atma-cintana (14); nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, mImAMsA, advaita vedAnta, viziSTAdvaita, bauddha darzana meM Atma-cintana (16); jaina darzana meM Atma-tattva vicAra (18); ajIva tattva jIva tattva (19); jaina darzana meM AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura anya darzanoM se bheda ( 20 ) ; AtmA dravya hai ( 21 ) ; AtmA aneka hai (23); jaina aura anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM AtmA viSayaka bheda : jaina aura bauddha darzanasammata AtmA meM bheda (24); jaina aura vaidika darzana meM Atma-viSayaka bheda : jainasammata AtmA kI nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ke sAtha tulanA (25); sAMkhya- yoga kI AtmA ke sAtha tulanA ( 26 ) ; mImAMsA - sammata Atma-vicAra se tulanA (29); advaita vedAnta sammata Atma- vicAra ke sAtha tulanA (31); viziSTAdvaita vedAnta darzana ke sAtha tulanA (32); mokSa kA artha Atma-lAbha ( 33 ) ; advaita vedAnta : viziSTAdvaita vedAnta ( 35 ) ; AtmA kA astitva, AtmA kA svarUpa, karmavipAka evaM punarjanma, bandhana aura mokSa ( 37 ) Atma- astitva-vimarza : cArvAka darzana kA anAtmavAda (38); zarIrAtmavAda ( 39 ) ; indriyAtmavAda (40); mAnasAtmavAda ( 42 ) ; prANAtmavAda (43); pRSTha- saMkhyA 1-66

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viSaya caitanyavAda (44); bauddha darzana kA anAtmavAda (45); pudgala nairAtmyavAda, pudgalAstivAda ( 47 ) ; traikAlika dharmavAda aura vartamAnika dharmavAda (49); dharma nairAtmya-niHsvabhAva yA zUnyavAda (50) ; vijJaptimAtratAvAda (51); nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM Atmasiddhi (52); mImAMsA darzana meM AtmAstitva- siddhi, advaita vedAnta darzana meM Atmasiddhi (53); jainadarzana meM Atmasiddhi (54); pUjyapAdAcArya : prANApAna kArya dvArA Atma- astitva kA bodha, akalaMkadevabhaTTa, bAdhaka pramANa ke abhAva se AtmAstitva- siddhi ( 55 ) ; sakalapratyakSa se AtmAstitva siddhi ( 56 ); saMkalanAtmaka jJAna se AtmAstitvasiddhi, saMzaya dvArA AtmAstitvasiddhi (57); AcArya jinabhadragaNi zramaNa, guNoM ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM Atmasiddhi (59 ); zarIra ke karttA ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva-siddhi (60); AdAtA ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva-siddhi (60); zarIrAdi ke bhoktA ke rUpa meM AtmAstitvasiddhi, dehAdi saMghAtoM ke svAmI ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva siddhi, vyutpattimUlaka hetu dvArA AtmAstitva siddhi (61); haribhadrAcArya (61); AcArya vidyAnanda, gauNa kalpanA se AtmAstitva bodha (62); AcArya prabhAcandra (63); malliSeNa sUri (65); guNaratnasUri (66) dUsarA adhyAya : Atma-svarUpa pa-vimarza : AtmA kA svarUpa aura usakA vivecana ( 68 ) ; azuddhAtma svarUpa-vivecana (74); AtmA kA upayoga svarUpa ( 75 ) ; jJAna AtmA se kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hai (76); caitanya AtmA kA svAbhAvika dharma hai, Agantuka nahIM ( 77 ) ; AtmA caitanya ke samavAya sambandha se caitanyavAna nahIM hai (79); suSupti avasthA meM caitanya kA anubhava hotA hai (81); jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva haiprakRti kA pariNAma nahIM ( 83 ); suSupti avasthA meM jJAna kA anubhava hotA hai ( 85 ) ; AtmA kA sva-para prakAza bahutva (87); sAMkhya darzana meM Atmabahutva ( 88 ); samIkSA (89); anekAtmavAda aura lAiba nitsa vyApaka nahIM hai (94); nyAyavaizeSika, jaina ( 95 kA guNa nahIM hai (98 ) ; (kSaNika) nahIM hai ( 111 ) ; AtmA karma- saMyukta hai kathaMcit zuddha evaM azuddha haiM, AtmA amUrtika hai ( 114 ) ; AtmA (86); Atma ekAtmavAda kI ) ; AtmA nitya hai ( 108 ) ; ( 113); jIva 68-174 (92); AtmA adRSTa AtmA AtmA anitya

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karttA hai, upacAra se hI AtmA pudgala karma kA karttA hai ( 116); pAramArthika dRSTi se AtmA pudgala dravya kA kartA nahIM hai ( 117 ); pAramArthika rUpa se AtmA nija bhAvoM kA kartA hai ( 118); AtmA ke kartRtva ke viSaya meM sAMkhyamata aura usakI samIkSA ( 118 ); AtmA ke bhAva ( 124 ) ; jaina darzana meM AtmA kA svarUpa sarvajJatA meM paryavasita hai ( 128 ) ; cArvAka darzana kI mAnyatA, momAMsA darzana kA dRSTikoNa ( 129); nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kA dRSTikoNa, sAMkhya yoga darzana aura sarvajJatA ( 130 ); vedAnta darzana meM sarvajJatA, zramaNa paramparA meM sarvajJatA, bauddha darzana meM sarvajatA ( 131); jaina darzana meM sarvajJatA (132); Atmavivecana ke prakAra : jIva samAsa tathA mArgaNAe~ ( 136 ) ; guNa sthAnoM kI apekSA saMjJA prarUpaNA kA vivecana (144); jJAna mArgaNA, matijJAna ( 149); zrutajJAna ( 151 ) ; avadhi jJAna ( 152 ) ; manaH paryaya jJAna (153); kevala jJAna (155); saMyama mArgaNA ( 155 ); darzana mArgaNA (156 ); lezyA mArgaNA (157); lezyA - mArgaNA kI apekSA AtmA ke bheda (158); bhavya mArgaNA, samyaktva mArgaNA (159); saMjJI - mArgaNA, AhAramArgaNA (161); AtmA ke bheda aura unakA vizleSaNa, AtmA ke mUlataH do bheda : saMsArI aura mukta athavA azuddha aura zuddha (162); saMsArI AtmA ke bheda - prabheda (163); zuddhi - azuddhi kI apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke bheda (164); indriyoM kI apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke bheda ( 165 ); adhyAtma kI apekSA se AtmA ke bheda (171); jaina darzana ke AtmA-paramAtmA ke ekatva kI upaniSadoM ke AtmA aura brahma ke tAdAtmya ke sAtha tulanA (173) tIsarA adhyAya : AtmA aura karma vipAka : karma siddhAnta kA udbhava (175); jaina- dArzanikoM kA mantavya (179); karma kA artha aura usakI pAribhASika evaM dArzanika vyAkhyA, karma kA artha (180 ) ; vibhinna dArzanika paramparAoM meM karma (181); jaina-darzana meM karma kA svarUpa (183 ) ; AtmA aura karma meM nimitta - naimittika sambandha hai ( 188 ) ; karma - astitva sAdhaka tarka (189); karma kI mUrta - siddhi (191); amUrta AtmA se mUrta karmoM kI bandha-prakriyA (193); karma kI avasthAe~ ( 195 ); karma ke bheda aura usakI samIkSA (198 ); jaina darzana meM karma ke bheda (198); 175-233

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svabhAva evaM zakti kI apekSA karma ke ATha bheda (199); jJAnAvaraNa karma jJAna kA vinAzaka nahIM hai, jJAnAvaraNa karma kI prakRtiyA~ (200); darzanAvaraNa karma, darzanAvaraNa karma ke bheda (201); vedanIya karma (203); sAtA-asAtA vedanIya karma-Asrava ke kAraNa (203); mohanIya karma (204); Ayu karma (206); nAma karma (207); saMhanana ke bheda (209); gotra karma (212); antarAya karma, ghAtI-aghAtI kI apekSA se karma ke bheda, ghAtI karma ke bheda (213); zubha-azubha kI apekSA se karma ke bheda (214); karma vipAka-prakriyA aura Izvara (215); karmoM kA koI phaladAtA nahIM hai (217); karma aura punarjanma-prakriyA, punarjanma kA artha evaM svarUpa (219); punarjanma-vicAra para AkSepa aura parihAra (220); punarjanma prakriyA (223); punarjanma-sAdhaka pramANa (230) cauthA adhyAya : bandha aura mokSa : 234-283 bandha kI avadhAraNA aura usakI mImAMsA, bandha kA svarUpa, bandha ke bheda (234); bandha ke kAraNa (239); jainetara darzana meM bandha ke kAraNa, jaina darzana meM karma-bandha ke kAraNa (239); bandha-uccheda (242); guNasthAna : jaina darzana kI apUrva dena, guNasthAna kA svarUpa (252); apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa meM bheda (261); mokSasvarUpa aura usakA vizleSaNa (266); muktAtmA kA AkAra (268); mukta jIva ke Urdhvagamana kA kAraNa (269); jainetara bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA meM mAnya mokSa-svarUpa kI mImAMsA (273); buddhadhAdika no vizeSa guNoM kA uccheda honA mokSa nahIM (274); zuddha caitanyamAtra meM AtmA kA avasthAna honA mokSa nahIM (277); mokSa Anandaika svabhAva ko abhivyakti-svarUpa mAtra nahIM (280); mokSa ke hetu (283) upasaMhAra: 287-290

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pahalA adhyAya bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva (ka) bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva sambandhI cintana kI mukhyatA : Atma-tattva bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke cintana kA kendra bindu rahA hai / yahA~ hama isa bAta kA vicAra kareMge ki bhAratIya Atma-sambandhI cintana kI pradhAna preraNA aura usakI prakRti kyA hai ? bhArata meM Atma-cintana kI pradhAnatA rahI kintu aisA kahane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki anya saMskRtiyoM meM AtmA ke svarUpa para vicAra nahIM huA / AtmA ke sambandha meM vicAra vizva kI dUsarI saMskRtiyoM meM bhI huA aura kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM Aja bhI ho rahA hai / kintu itara darzanoM meM Atma-cintana kI samasyA utanI pradhAna nahIM rahI / udAharaNa ke lie hama pAzcAtya darzana ko le sakate haiM / pleTo ke darzana meM pratyaya - jagat kI pradhAnatA hai / vahA~ zreyas pratyaya ( Idea of the Good) kA sthAna sarvopari hai / isI prakAra erisToTala ( arastU ) ke darzana meM AkAra ( Form ) aura dravya tattva (Matter ) tathA gatihIna gatidAtA Izvara, jo vizva-prakriyA kA lakSyabhUta kAraNa bhI hai, pradhAna tattva dikhAI dete haiM / dekArta aura spinojA ke darzanoM meM bhI dravya kI dhAraNA pradhAna hai / IsAI darzana AtmA ko ajara-amara nahIM mAnatA, vahA~ Izvara-tattva pradhAna hai / Izvara hI AtmAoM kA sraSTA hai / isI prakAra hegela aura bra eDale ke darzanoM meM nirapekSa pratyaya-tattva yA parabrahma pramukha dhAraNAe~ haiM / isa dRSTi se bhAratIya AtmavAda kI katipaya nijI vizeSatAe~ haiM jo, udAharaNa ke lie yUropIya darzana meM, usa rUpa meM nahIM pAI jAtIM / hamArA yaha vaktavya kramazaH samajhA aura samajhAyA jA sakegA / saMkSepa meM kaheM to bhAratIya darzana kA Atmacintana usake mokSavAda se ghaniSTha rUpa meM sambandhita hai / isakA kyA abhiprAya hai ? AtmA kI kalpanA aura usake svarUpa kA vicAra kaI dRSTiyoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai / ye samasta dRSTiyA~ mAnava-jIvana kI vyAkhyA ke prayatna meM janma letI haiM / udAharaNa ke lie manuSya jJAtA hai, isalie AtmA meM jJAna-zakti kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai / hama kahate haiM ki AtmA cetana yA caitanya rUpa hai / phrAMsa ke prasiddha dArzanika dekArta ne AtmA kA pradhAna vyAvartaka guNa cintana zakti yA socanA mAnA thA / isake viparIta bhautika dravya kA vyAvartaka guNa hai vistAra

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2 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (Extension) athavA dezagatatA yA dezarUpatA / isa dRSTi se AtmA ko dezagata nahIM kahA jA sakatA / dekArta ko yaha siddha karanA par3atA hai ki hamArI samasta manodazAe~ cintana kA hI rUpa haiM / isake viparIta yUnAnI dArzanika pleTo ne AtmA meM tIna vibhAga yA zaktiyAM mAnI thIM - arthAt mUla kSudhAe~ ( Appetitions), Avega (Emotion ) tathA buddhi (Reason ) / sambhavata: pleTo AtmA ke buddhi aMza ko amara mAnatA thA / dekhane kI bAta yaha hai ki pleTo aura dekArta donoM hI AtmA kI dhAraNA hamAre sAMsArika jIvana ke AdhAra para banAte haiM / kintu bhAratIya darzana prAyaH jIva aura AtmA meM bheda karate haiM / unhoMne AtmA ke svarUpa para mukhyatayA mokSa kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai / sAMsArika jIvana se saMpRkta aura zarIra se sambaddha caitanya ko, jisameM taraha-taraha kI kSudhAe~ haiM, ve mukhyataH hindU darzana meM jIva nAma se pukArate haiM / mokSa kI dRSTi se yahA~ kA Atma-sambandhI cintana katipaya vizeSa niSkarSo para pahu~catA dikhAI par3atA hai / punarjanma kI siddhi ke lie AtmA kI amaratA mAnanA Avazyaka aura paryApta hai / kintu mokSa kI kalpanA yaha Avazyaka banA detI hai ki AtmA ko apane mUla rUpa meM vizuddha arthAt sukha-duHkha Adi manodazAoM se virahita tattva mAnA jAya / hama dekheMge ki prAyaH sabhI darzana kisI-nakisI rUpa meM ukta mAnyatAoM ko sthAna dete haiM / anAtmavAdI cArvAka darzana tathA paMcaskandhavAdI bauddha darzana hI isake apavAda haiM / bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva pradhAna bana gayA, isake do mukhya kAraNa the, pahalA kAraNa to yaha thA ki bahuta prArambha meM karma siddhAnta tathA punarjanma kI dhAraNAe~ bhAratIya manISA meM pratiSThita ho gayIM, dUsare yahA~ upaniSad kAla meM hI mokSavAda kI mAnyatA sarvasvIkRta sI bana gayI / punarjanma ke siddhAnta ne AtmA kI amaratA ke vizvAsa ko janma diyA, mokSavAda ne AtmA ke nijasvarUpa kI avadhAraNA ko, jaisA ki hama dekheMge, krAntikArI rUpa diyA / zramaNa dharmoM kA udaya aura Atma-tattva kI pradhAnatA kA tIsarA kAraNa prasAra thA / jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma donoM hI sRSTikartA Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM karate, phalataH unake darzanoM meM AtmA yA jIva-tattva ke vizleSaNa kA mahattva bar3ha gayA / zramaNa dharma-darzana ne mokSa kI avasthA ko jIvAtmA ke nija-svabhAva se sambaddha kiyA, yahI vicAra upaniSadoM meM bhI prakaTa huA / phalataH mokSavAda kI dRSTi se, Atma-tattva kA svarUpAnveSaNa mahattva kI cIz2a bana gayA / (kha) Rgveda tathA upaniSadoM meM AtmA viSayaka vicAroM kI AlocanA tmaka dRSTi : AtmA viSayaka cintana kA prArambha kaba aura kahA~ se huA, isake sambandha

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 3 meM koI bhI nizcayAtmaka kathana karanA kaThina hai / bhAratIya vAGmaya meM Rgveda atyanta prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / ukta veda kI abhiruci kA mukhya kendra indra, varuNa, mitra, vAyu, rudra, candramA, sUrya, viSNu, uSA, agni, pUSan, soma Adi devatA haiM / jinakI stuti - upAsanA se mRtyalokavAsI manuSya abhilaSita vastuoM - sampatti, santati, zatruoM para vijaya, lambI umra Adi prApta kara sakate haiM / jisa AtmA kI vistRta carcA upaniSadoM meM milatI hai usakA ullekha Rgveda meM prAyaH nahIM hai / vahA~ vyakti ke bhItara vartamAna jIvana-tattva ko Atman, jIva, prANa, manas, asu, zvAMsa Adi zabdoM dvArA abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai / upaniSadoM meM AtmA kI kalpanA vividha rUpoM meM dekhI jAtI hai aura usake astitva kI siddhi aura svarUpa ke nirUpaNa kA prayatna dRSTigocara hotA hai / yadyapi Rgveda meM AtmA sambandhI cintana virala hai phira bhI yaha kalpanA pAI jAtI hai ki zarIrAdi se bhinna sAra tattva hai jo usakA niyaMtraka yA kartA hai / upaniSadoM meM AtmA viSayaka jo vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, usase do mahattvapUrNa bAtoM para prakAza par3atA hai / eka to yaha ki upaniSad kAla ke pUrva hI AtmA viSayaka cintana vidyamAna thA, jisake puraskartA kSatriya the / dUsare upaniSadoM kA AtmA viSayaka cintana paramparA prApta RRgvedika cintana se bhinna thaa| DA0 rAdhAkRSNan ne likhA hai "AtmA, punarjanma, araNya, saMnyAsa, tapa aura mukti ye sAre tattva paraspara meM sambaddha haiM / Atma-vidyA kA eka chora punarjanma hai aura dUsarA chora mukti hai / saMnyAsa lekara araNya meM tapa karanA punarjanma se mukti kA upAya hai, ye saba tattva vaidiketara saMskRti se vaidika saMskRti meM praviSTa hue haiM / isalie vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki avaidika tattvoM kA prabhAva kevala deza meM vicAroM ke vikAsa ke lie eka naye prakAra ke dRzya se paricaya meM parilakSita nahIM hotA kintu satya taka pahu~cane ke lie upAyoM ke parivartana meM parilakSita hotA hai" 13 isa prasaMga meM upaniSadoM ke nimnalikhita sandarbha ullekhanIya haiN| (1) kaThopaniSad ke naciketopAkhyAna meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vAjazravas 1. vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya 'vaidika dharma evaM darzana' (e0 bI0 kItha ), prathama bhAga 2. Rgveda, 3 / 14 / 3, 21 / 164|4| aura bhI dekheM - meksamUlara : iMDiyana philAsaphI, khaNDa 1, pR0 70 3. bhAratIya darzana : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga 1, pR0 32

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4 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ke putra naciketA ke dvArA Atma-tattva jAnane kI icchA prakaTa karane para yama saMsAra kI ananta vibhUtiyoM ko dekara use AtmA sambandhI prazna se virata karanA cAhatA hai aura naciketA ko batAtA hai ki isa viSaya meM devatAoM ko bhI jijJAsA huI thii| ve bhI ise nahIM jAna sake haiN| naciketA yama dvArA pradatta samasta sAMsArika sampattiyoM ko ThukarA detA hai aura AtmA ko jAnane kI usakI jijJAsA aura bhI prabala ho jAtI hai / 4 anta meM yama ko Atma-svarUpa kA pratipAdana karanA par3atA hai / (2) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM maitreyI aura yAjJavalkya kA lambA upAkhyAna AyA hai / usakA saMkSiptasAra yaha hai ki maitreyI yAjJavalkya se kahatI hai ki jina sAMsArika vibhUtiyoM se maiM amRta nahIM hotI, unheM lekara maiM kyA karU~ ? jisase amRta bana sakU~ usI kA upadeza dIjie / anta meM yAjJavalkya maitreyI ko AtmA sambandhI upadeza detA hai ki AtmA hI darzanIya hai, zravaNIya hai, mananIya aura dhyAna karane yogya hai| 1. yeyaM prete vicikitsA manuSye'stItyeke nAyamastIti caike / etadvidyAmanuziSTastvayA'haM darANAmeSa varastRtIyaH // kaThopaniSad, 1120 2. zatAyuSaH putrapautrAnvRNISva bahUnpazUnhastihiraNyamazvAn / bhUmermahadAyatanaM vRNISva svayaM ca jIva zarado yAvadicchasi // etattulyaM yadi manyase varaM vRNISva vittaM cirajIvikAM ca / mahAbhUmau naciketastvamedhi kAmAnAM tvA kAmabhAjeM karomi / / ye ye kAmA durlabhA martyaloke sarvAnkAmAMzchandataH prArthayasva / imA rAmAH sarathAH satUryA na hIdRzA lambhanIyA manuSyaiH / AbhirmatprattAbhiH paricArayasva naciketo maraNaM mA'nuprAkSIH // -vahI, 1123-25 3. devairatrApi vicikitsitaM purA na hi sujJeyamaNureSa dhrmH|-vhii, 1121 4. devairatrApi vicikitsitaM kila tvaM ca matyo yanna sujJeyamAttha / vaktA cAsya tvAdRganyo na labhyo nAnyo varastulya etasya kazcit / / --vahI, 1122 / aura bhI dekheM 1 / 26-29 5. vahI, 2018 6. bahadAraNyakopaniSad0 2 / 4 / 1-3 7. AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyo maitreyyAtmano vA are darzanena zravaNena matyA vijJAnenedaM sarva viditam |-vhii, 245

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 5 (3) chAndogyopaniSad meM bhI yaha upadeza upalabdha hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki Atma-tattva hI eka aisA tattva hai jisake jJAna ke binA samasta jJAna evaM vidyAe~ vyartha ho jAtI haiN| nArada sanatkumAra se kahatA hai ki maiM (nArada) cAroM veda, itihAsa, purANa, gaNita-aura sarpAdi vidyAoM kA jJAtA hU~, phira bhI maiM zokAkula hU~, kyoMki maiM Atma-tattva ko nahIM jAnatA huuN| zoka se mukta hone ke lie vaha sanatkumAra se prArthanA karatA hai| sanatkumAra Atma-svarUpa kA upadeza dekara use zokarahita kara detA hai / (4) eka anya prasaMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki aruNa kA putra zvetaketu eka bAra paMcAla deza ke kSatriyoM kI samiti meM AyA / pravAhaNa jaibali ne usase pUchA kyA tumane apane pitA se zikSA prApta kI hai| zvetaketu dvArA svIkArAtmaka uttara diye jAne para pravAhaNa jaibali ne usase nimnAMkita pA~ca prazna (ka) manuSya yahA~ se mara kara kahAM jAtA hai ? (kha) prANI vApisa kisa prakAra jAte haiM ? (ga) devayAna aura pitRyAna ke mArga kisa sthAna se alaga-alaga hote haiM ? (gha) yaha loka prANiyoM se bharatA kyoM nahIM ? (Ga) jala pAMcavI Ahuti diye jAne para kisa prakAra manuSya kI vANI meM bolane lagatA hai ? ___zvetaketu ne ina praznoM ke viSaya meM apanI anabhijJatA prakaTa kii| pitA ke pAsa Akara usane ina praznoM kA uttara pUchA / zvetaketu ke pitA ne kahA ki ina praznoM kA uttara maiM bhI nahIM jAnatA huuN| gautama gotrIya RSi zvetaketu ke pitA apane putra ke sAtha pravAhaNa rAjA ke pAsa gye| jaba rAjA ne apAra dhana-sampatti dene kI icchA prakaTa kI to gautama RSi ne kahA ki maiM dhana-sampatti lene nahIM AyA huuN| Apane jo pA~ca prazna mere putra se pUche unakA uttara jAnane AyA hU~, usI kA mujhe upadeza diijie| rAjA pravAhaNa ne kAphI soca-vicAra kara gambhIratApUrvaka kahA ki gautama ! Apa jisa vidyA ko jAnanA cAhate haiM, vaha 1. chAndogyopaniSad 8 // 111-2 2. vahI, 8 / 12, 7 / 1 / 3-5 evaM 16 3. vahI, 5 / 3 / 1 4. vahI, 5 / 3 / 3 5. sa ha gautamo rAjJo'rdhameyAya / tasmai ha prAptAyaJcikAra / yAmeva kumArasyAnte vAcamabhASathAstAmeva me bahIti ||-vhii, 5 / 3 / 6

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6 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra . vidyA Apake pahale kisI bhI brAhmaNa ko jJAta nahIM thii| isalie sampUrNa lokoM meM kSatriyoM kA rAjya rhaa| (5) chAndogyopaniSad meM eka anya upAkhyAna AyA hai ki prAcIna zAla, prayatyajJa, indradyumna, jana aura buDila mahAzrotriya Apasa meM socane lage ki AtmA aura brahma kyA hai ? yaha jAnane ke lie ve uddAlaka ke pAsa gaye / uddAlaka ne unheM batAyA ki maiM vaizvAnara AtmA ko nahIM jAnatA hU~, azvapati nAmaka kaikaya deza kA rAjA vaizvAnara AtmA kA adhyayana karatA hai, isalie calo usI ke pAsa hamaloga caleM / vahA~ pahu~cane para azvapati ne una sabakA svAgata karake dhana dene kI jijJAsA prakaTa kI, lekina una mahAzrotriyoM ne kahA ki hama loga dhana lene nahIM Aye haiN| hama saba vaizvAnara AtmA ko jAnanA cAhate haiM, isalie usI kA upadeza diijie| dUsare dina rAjA azvapati ke pAsa ve zrotriya brAhmaNa samidhA lekara gye| rAjA kaikaya ne unheM upanayana kiye binA AtmA kA upadeza diyaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM bhI yahI kathAnaka upalabdha hai / ina upAkhyAnoM se spaSTa hai ki kSatriya Atma-tattva ke vettA the aura brAhmaNa RSi-muni unake pAsa jJAna ke lie ziSyatva bhAva se jAte the / DA0 dAsa guptA ne likhA hai, "upaniSadoM meM bAra-bAra Ane vAle saMvAdoM se spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNa darzana ke ucca jJAna ke lie kSatriyoM ke pAsa jAte the| brAhmaNa granthoM ke sAdhAraNa siddhAntoM ke sAtha upaniSadoM kI zikSAoM kA mela na hone se aura pAli tripiTakoM meM Aye hue janasAdhAraNa meM dArzanika siddhAntoM ke astitva kI sUcanA se yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki sAdhAraNa kSatriyoM meM gambhIra dArzanika anveSaNa kI pravRtti thI, jisane upaniSadoM ke siddhAntoM ke nirmANa meM pramukha prabhAva ddaalaa| ataH yaha sambhava hai ki yadyapi upaniSad brAhmaNoM ke sAtha sambaddha haiM kintu unakI upaja 1. taM hovAca / yathA mA tvaM gautamAvadaH / yatheyaM na prAk tvattaH purA vidyA brAhmaNAngacchati / tasmAdu sarveSu lokeSu kSatrasyaiva prazAsanamabhUditi / tasmai hovAca / / chAndogyopaniSad, 5 / 37 2. vahI, 5 / 111 3. tAnhovAca / azvapati bhagavanto'yaM kaikeyaH saMpratImamAtmAnaM vaizvAnaramadhyeti / taM hantAbhyAgacchAmeti / taM hAbhyAjagmuH ||-vhii, 5 / 11 / 4 4. mevemaM vaizvAnaraM saMpratyadhyeSi / tameva no brahIti ||-vhii, 511116 5. vahI, 5 / 12 / 18 6. vahI, 10 / 6 / 1

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 7 akele brAhmaNa siddhAntoM kI unnati kA pariNAma nahIM hai, abrAhmaNa vicAroM ne avazya hI upaniSad-siddhAntoM kA prArambha kiyA hai athavA unakI upaja aura nirmANa meM phalita sahAyatA pradAna kI hai|" paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI ne jaina sAhitya itihAsa kI pUrvapIThikA meM likhA hai ki jaise brAhmaNa kAla meM yajJoM kI tUtI bolatI thI vaise hI upaniSad kAla meM yaha sthAna AtmavidyA ne le liyA thA aura RSi loga usake jAnane ke lie kSatriyoM kA ziSyatva taka svIkAra karate the| (ga) upaniSadoM meM AtmA-sambandhI vicAroM ke vividha rUpa upaniSadoM ke anuzIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki upaniSadoM meM AtmA sambandhI vicAra eka prakAra ke nahIM haiM / unameM vibhinnatA hai / vedoM meM jisa tattva ko prANa, zvAsa athavA kisI vastu kA sAra rUpa samajhA jAtA thA, upaniSadoM meM vahI tattva mAnavIya svarUpa ke arthoM meM prayukta huA parilakSita hotA hai / DA0 rAdhAkRSNana ne likhA hai "Rgveda meM (10.16. 3) isakA artha prANa athavA jIvanAdhAra (AdhyAtmika satva) batAyA gayA hai| zanaiH-zanaiH Age cala kara isakA artha AtmA athavA ahaM ho gayA / " AtmA kA svarUpa chAndogyopaniSad' meM prajApati ke zabdoM meM "AtmA vaha hai jo pApa se nirlipta jarA, maraNa aura zoka se rahita, bhUkha aura pyAsa se 1. ...from the frequent episodes in the Upanisads in which the Brahmins are described as having gone to the Ksattriyas for the highest knowledge of Philosophy as well as from the disparateness of the Upanisad teachings from that of the general doctrines of the brahamans and from the allusions to the existence of the philosophical speculations amongst the people in Pali works, it may be inferred that among the Ksattriyas in general there existed earnest philosophic enquiries which must be regarded as having exerted an important influence in the formation of the Upanisad doctrines.-History of Indian Philosophy : S.N.Das Gupta, vol. 1, p. 31. 2. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa : pUrva pIThikA, pR0 8 / 3. bhAratIyadarzana, bhAga 1 : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, pR0 138 4. chAndogyopaniSad, 817 / 1

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8 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra rahita hai / satya kAma aura satya saMkalpa AtmA ko jAnanA aura khojanA cAhie / " prajApati ne indra ko lambe vArtAlApa' meM jo Atma-svarUpa kA upadeza diyA usase eka ora to Atma-svarUpa ke kramika vikAsa para prakAza par3atA hai aura dUsarI ora yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki AtmA aisA tattva hai jo jAgrata, svapna, suSupti Adi avasthAoM meM rahatA hai / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM bhI AtmA ko kartA tathA jAgratAdi avasthAoM, mRtyu aura punarjanma meM eka samAna rahane vAlA tattva kahA hai / prajApati upadeza dete haiM ki "zarIra vinAzazIla hai, zarIra AtmA nahIM hai, zarIra AtmA kA adhiSThAna hai / AtmA azarIrI, amara evaM zarIra se bhinna hai / netroM kI putaliyoM meM jo puruSa dRSTigata hotA hai yaha vahI hai kintu A~kha svayaM dekhane kA sAdhanamAtra hai / jo socatA hai ki maiM ise sUghU~ vaha vicAra karane vAlA AtmA hai, lekina ghrANa to gandhAdi kA mAtra hai / " isI prakAra AtmA ko mana kiyA gayA hai / anubhava karane kA sAdhana aura kalpanAoM se bhinna pratipAdita Must foSad meM kahA gayA hai ki 'candramA aura sUrya isake cakSu, antarikSa aura dizAe~ isake zrotra aura vAyu isakA ucchvAsa hai / ' chAndogyopaniSad meM bhI isI prakAra kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / bRhadAraNyaka meM kahA gayA hai ki "zvAsa lete samaya ise zvAsa, bolate samaya bolI, dekhate samaya A~kha, sunate samaya-kAna aura vicArate samaya ise mAnasa nAma diyA jAtA hai / ye saba saMjJAe~ isI ke bhinna-bhinna kAryoM ke lie dI jAtI haiM / isI upaniSad meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki "yaha AtmA jo yaha bhI nahIM, vaha bhI nahIM, aura na hI kucha hai, amUrta evaM anubhavAtIta hai, kyoMki yaha pakar3a meM nahIM A sakatI hai|" 1. chAndogyopaniSad, 874, 8 / 11 / 2 2. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 41413 3. chAndogyopaniSad, 8 / 12 / 1-2 4. vahI, 8 / 12 / 3-5 5. muNDakopaniSad 1 / 1 6. chAndogyopaniSad, 3 / 13 / 7 7. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 3 / 7 / 3, 4 / 4 / 22 8. maitrANyuniSad 2 / 3 / 4 ,

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 9 isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko zarIra, prANa', indriya aura mana se bhinna eka citsvarUpa kahA gayA hai / kaThopaniSad meM batalAyA gayA hai ki AtmA na utpanna hotA hai, na maratA hai, na kisI se utpanna hotA hai, yaha ajanmA, nitya, zAzvata aura purAtana hai, zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai kintu yaha nahIM maratA hai| yaha azarIrI, mahAn evaM vibhu hai / yaha AtmA pravacanoM, tarka-vitarka aura vedoM ko par3hane se nahIM milatA hai / " yaha prajJA dvArA prApta hotA hai / kaThopaniSad meM AtmA ko rathI aura zarIra ko ratha, mana ko lagAma, indriyoM ko ghor3A tathA indriya-viSayoM ko mArga kahA hai / isI upaniSad meM AtmA ko indriyAdi se mahAn batalAyA hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM AtmA ko sarvapriya tattva kahA hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM kahA hai ki brahma jyoti merI AtmA hai, vaha mere hRdaya ke madhya meM anna ke dAne se, jau se, sarasoM se, zyAmaka se, zyAmaka ke cAvala se bhI aNu hai / merI AtmA pRthivI se bar3I hai, ina samasta lokoM se bar3I hai / kaThopaniSad meM bhI kahA hai "yaha AtmA aNu se bhI aNu, mahAn se bhI mahAn hai aura hRdaya rUpI guhA meM sthita hai|"9 kahIM-kahIM AtmA ko sampUrNa vastu meM vyApaka batAyA gayA hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM kahA hai ki AtmA sampUrNa vastu meM vyApaka hai / nakhoM ke agrabhAga taka usI prakAra praviSTa hai jisa prakAra chUrA nAI kI peTI meM aura lakar3I meM Aga rahatI hai / __ kahIM-kahIM AtmA ko sarvavyApI, sarvasAkSI, sarvajJa, sarvezvara, sarvAntara, sabakA ekAyana kahA gayA hai / anyatra kahA hai "AtmA na cala hai, na acala hai, na sthAyI hai, na kSaNika hai, na sUkSma hai na kSaNika hai / vaha sabhI dvandvoM se rahita hai|" 1. praznopaniSad, 3 / 3 2. kenopaniSad, 11416 3. kaThopaniSad, 1 / 2 / 18 4. vahI, 1 / 2 / 22 5. vahI, 1 / 2 / 23 6. kaThopaniSad, 3 / 10 / 6, 6-8 / mu0 u0, 3 / 2 / 3 7. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 21115 8. chAndogyopaniSad, 3 / 14 / 3 9. kaThopaniSad, 1 / 2 / 20 10. taittirIyopaniSad, 11417 11. draSTavya : bhAratIya darzana : saMpAdaka DA0 na0 ki0 devarAja, (u0 pra0 hindI grantha akAdamI, lakhanaU), pR0 56

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10 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra zvetA0 u0 (59) meM AtmA ko aMguSThamAtra, suI kI sUkSma, tathA bAla ke agale hisse ke hajAraveM bhAga ke barAbara jIvAtmA ko liMgahIna batalAte hue kahA hai ki jIvAtmA na strI hai, na puruSa hai, na napuMsaka hai / karmAnusAra bhinna-bhinna zarIra prApta karatA hai' / jIvAtmA karmoM kA kartA, bhoktA, sukhAdi guNa vAlA, prANoM kA svAmI hai ? | AtmA kI cAra avasthAeM : mANDUkyopaniSad meM AtmA kA vizleSaNa karake jAgRti, svapna, suSupti, turIya ina cAra avasthAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai | 3 bRhadAraNyaka aura praznopaniSad meM bhI inakA ullekha upalabdha hai / AtmA ke pAMca koza : taittirIyopaniSad meM AtmA ke pA~ca koza - annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya vijJAnamaya tathA Anandamaya koza kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / " isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM varNita Atma-svarUpa para vicAra karane se jJAta hotA hai ki RSiyoM kA citana sthUla se sUkSma kI ora unmukha thA / noka ke barAbara batAyA gayA hai / (gha) upaniSadoM meM AtmA aura brahma kI avadhAraNAoM kA barAbara mahattva upaniSadoM meM AtmA aura brahma parama tattva mAne gaye haiM / brahmatattva saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / "brahma" zabda kI vyutpatti se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai, kyoMki 'brahma' 'bRha' dhAtu se nikalA hai, jisakA artha bar3hanA yA vikasita honA hai / brahma sampUrNa vizva meM svataH vikasita ho jAtA hai / brahma se vizva kI kevala utpatti hI nahIM hotI hai / anta meM yaha vizva usI brahma meM vilIna ho jAtA hai | ataH brahma vizva kA AdhAra hai / taittirIya upaniSad kI tIsarI vallI meM bhRgu apane putra varuNa se prazna ke uttara meM kahatA hai ki " vaha jisase ina saba bhUtoM kI utpatti huI aura utpanna hone ke pazcAt jisameM ye jIvana dhAraNa karate haiM aura vaha jisake andara ye saba mRtyu ke samaya samA jAte haiM, vahI brahma hai / " isaprakAra siddha kiyA gayA hai ki brahma 1. zvetAzvataropaniSad, 5 / 8-5 2. brahI, 57 3. mANDUkyopaniSad, 2 4. ( ka ) bRhadAraNyaka, 41214 / (kha) praznopaniSad, 4/5/6 5. taittirIyopaniSad, 211-5 6. bhAratIyadarzana : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, prathama bhAga, pAda TippaNI, pR0 149-50 7. taittirIyopaniSad, 311

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 11 sthAvara evaM jaMgama rUpa saMsAra kA mUla tattva yA sAra hai / AtmA manuSya ke andara rahane vAlA cetana tattva hai| isa prakAra donoM tattva brahma aura AtmA kA artha bhinna hai / eka saMsAra kA mUla srota hai aura dUsarA manuSya ke svarUpa kA sAra hai| yadyapi ye donoM sattAyeM mUla artha meM bhinna haiM, kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki AtmA aura brahma kI avadhAraNAoM kA nyUnAdhika mahatva hai / upaniSadoM meM hI aise aneka prasaMga haiM jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ina donoM tattvoM kA barAbara mahatva hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki parama satya jJAna aura ananta svarUpa hai|' taittirIya upaniSad meM donoM tattvoM ko eka mAnate hue kahA gayA hai ki brahma hI AtmA hai / taittirIyopaniSad, chAndogyopaniSad aura bRhadAraNyakopaniSad Adi meM kahA gayA hai ki "vaha brahma jo puruSa ke andara hai aura jo sUrya meM hai donoM eka haiM / bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM kahA hai ki yaha samasta vizva brahma hI hai,4 apaneapane hRdaya meM sthita AtmA brahma hai / isI prakAra zvetaketu ko upadeza dete hue kahA gayA hai ki nAma-rUpa jisake andara hai, vahI brahma hai, vahI amRta hai, vahI AtmA hai / isa kathana se brahma aura AtmA kA tAdAtmya siddha hotA hai "ahaM brahmAsmi' 'tat tvamasi'8 'prajJAnaM brahma' 'ayamAtmA brahma' 'sarva khalu idaM brahma" 'ekamevAdvitIyam' Adi' mahAvAkyoM ke dvArA AtmA aura brahma meM abhinnatA prakaTa karake AtmA aura brahma kI avadhAraNAoM kA barAbara mahatva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| ___ jIva aura brahma : upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke lie brahma ke alAvA jIva zabda kA prayoga bhI upalabdha hotA hai| saMsArI AtmA jo karmoM kA kartA, bhoktA, 1. taittirIyopaniSad, 2 / 1 . 2. vahI, 115 3. (ka) vahI, 2.8 / 3.10 / (kha) chAndogya, 3 / 7 / 14 / 2-4 / (ga) bRhadAraNyaka, 5152 / (gha) muNDakopaniSad, 2 / 110 / 4. bRhadAraNyaka, 2 / 5 / 19 5. vahI, 25 / 1 6. chAndogya, 7 / 25 / 2 // 3 // 14 // 1, 8 / 14 / 1 7. bRhadAraNyaka, 9 / 4 / 10 8. chAndogya, 6 / 8 / 7 9. mANDUkya, 2 10. chAndogya, 31141 11. vahI, 6 / 2 / 1

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12 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra sukha-duHkha kA anubhavakartA hai jIvAtmA kahalAtA hai| muNDakopaniSad meM eka vRkSa para baiThe hae do pakSiyoM ke udAharaNa dvArA jIva aura brahma meM antara pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| jIva aisA pakSI hai jo phaloM kA svAda letA hai aura AtmA yA brahma kevala draSTA yA sAkSI rUpI pakSI ke samAna hai / jova aura brahma donoM eka zarIra meM andhakAra aura prakAza kI taraha rahate haiM / jIva aura brahma meM vyAvahArika dRSTi se upaniSadoM meM antara kiyA gayA hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se donoM meM advaita hai / donoM ke ekAkAra ke viSaya meM muNDaka meM kahA hai-praNava dhanuSa hai, AtmA bANa hai aura brahma lakSya hai / apramattatA pUrvaka bANa calAnA cAhie / jo bedhana karane vAlA hai, vaha bANa ke samAna ho jAtA hai, evaM lakSya rUpI brahma ke sAtha ekAkAra ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra praznopaniSad meM kahA hai ki vaha sarvopari akSara AtmA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai / vaha sarvajJa aura sarvAtmA ho jAtA hai / ina uddharaNoM meM jIvAtmA aura brahma meM tAdAtmya honA batalAyA gayA hai / DA0 rAdhAkRSNan ne bhAratIya darzana' meM isakA vistRta ullekha kiyA hai / muktAvasthA meM avidyA ke kSaya ho jAne se jIvAtmA yathArtha svarUpa-lAbha kara letA hai| upaniSadoM meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra nadI samudra meM milakara samudrAkAra ho jAtI hai arthAt vilupta ho jAtI hai usI prakAra jIvAtmA brahma se milakara mokSAvasthA meM ekAkAra ho jAtA hai| brahma Ananda svarUpa hai, isalie mokSAvasthA bhI upaniSadoM meM AnandasvarUpa batalAI gayI hai / yahI jIvAtmA kI pUrNa abhivyakti hai / brahma ke sAtha ekAkAra hokara muktAtmA apane ko saMsAra kA sRSTA mAnane lagatA hai / taittirIyopaniSad meM isakA acchA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yAjJavalkya RSi ne maitreyI ko jIvAtmA aura brahma ke tAdAtmya ko jala meM ghule hue namaka ke sadRza batalAyA hai / isa prakAra jisa AtmasvarUpa kA kSatriyoM ne brAhmaNa RSi muniyoM ko upadeza diyA, upaniSadoM meM usa Atmatattva ke viSaya meM vividha vicAra prakaTa kiye gaye haiM, jo AtmasvarUpa cintana ke vikAsa kA pariNAma hai| 1. muNDakopaniSad, 7 / 25 / 2, 3 / 14 / 1, 8 / 14 / 1 2. vahI, 2 / 2 / 2 / sarva ekIbhavanti |-vhii, 3 / 2 / 7 3. praznopaniSad, 4 / 9 4. sa sarvajJaH sarvo bhavati |-vhii, 4 / 10 5. bhAratIya darzanaH DA. rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga 1, pR0 217-222 6. (ka) muNDakopaniSad, 3 / 2 / 8 / (kha) praznopaniSad, 6 / 5 7. taittirIyopaniSad, 3 8. bhAratIya darzana : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga 1, pR0 220

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 13 (Ga) dArzanika nikAyoM meM AtmacintanaH vaicArika samAnatAoM aura viSamatAoM ke AdhAra para hama bhArata ke Atma sambandhI cintana ko moTe taura para tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| : 1. advaita vedAnta tathA sAMkhya: isa dArzanika nikAya ke dArzanikoM ke anusAra Atma-tattva (brahma, AtmA, puruSa ) mUlataH nirguNa aura niSkriya hai / usameM sukhaduHkha Adi manodazAe~ adhyasta yA kalpita haiM / advaita vedAnta ke anusAra tathAkathita mAnasika avasthAe~ antaHkaraNa kA dharma haiM, jaba ki sAMkhya ke anusAra ve buddhi kI sthitiyAM yA avasthAeM haiM / ina dArzanikoM ke anusAra bandhana aura mokSa bhI vAstavika nahIM apitu AbhAsamAtra haiM / 2. nyAya-vaizeSika aura prabhAkara-mImAMsaka : ina dArzanikoM ke anusAra AtmA meM icchA, rAga dveSa, sukha, duHkha, prayatna aura jJAna AtmA ke guNa mAne jAte haiM / kintu muktAvasthA meM ve AtmA meM nahIM mAne jAte haiM / isa varga ke dArzanikoM ne caitanya ko AtmA kA guNa mAnA hai / lekina ise AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa na mAna kara Agantuka guNa kathita kiyA hai / AtmA ko unhoMne eka aisA dravya svIkAra kiyA hai jo svarUpataH acetana yA jar3a hone ke bAvajUda caitanya ko dhAraNa karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai / unakI kalpanA hai ki AtmA kA mana se, mana kA indriya se indriya kA viSayoM se saMyoga hone para jJAna yA anubhava usameM utpanna hotA hai / isa prakAra ke sambandha ke binA jJAna yA anubhava kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / cU~ki muktAvasthA meM AtmA ke mana aura indriyAM nahIM hotI haiM / isalie usa avasthA meM usako padArthoM kA jJAna bhI nahIM hotA / vAstava meM taba usameM caitanya bhI nahIM hotA / , 3. jainadarzanakA mata : jaina darzana kA mata ukta donoM mantavyoM kA samanvaya karatA pratIta hotA hai / saMsArAvasthA meM AtmA meM sukha-duHkha Adi vAstavika rUpa se ba~dhe rahate haiM / kintu muktAvasthA meM svAbhAvika jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya jise ananta catuSTaya kahate haiM, usameM rahate haiM aura karmajanya sukhAdi kA abhAva ho jAtA hai / jaina darzana prakArAntara se AtmA meM advaita vedAnta kI bhAMti cetanA aura ananda ko AtmA kA svarUpa mAnatA hai / kintu advaita vedAnta meM cetanA aura Ananda AtmA ke guNa nahIM mAne jAte, vedAntI AtmA ko caitanya rUpa evaM AnandarUpa mAnate haiM / 1. ( ka ) draSTavya - sAMkhyakArikA ( IzvarakRSNa ), kA0 11, 17 evaM 19 (kha) bhAratIya darzana ( bhAga 2 ), DA0 rAdhAkRSNan : pR0 469 se Age /

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14 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra : jaisA ki hamane kahA ki bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-sambandhI cintana kA sUtrapAta upaniSadoM meM huA kintu upaniSadoM kA cintana vaktavyoM ke rUpa meM hai, vahAM Atma-sambandhI kathanoM ko tarka dvArA siddha karane kA prayatna nahIM dikhAI pdd'taa| aisA nahIM ki upaniSadakAroM ke mana meM Atma-tattva ko lekara vimarzamUlaka prazna nahIM uThate, kintu ve prazna bhI prAyaH sAMketika haiM, una para vizad rUpa meM tarkAnuprANita vicAraNA prAyaH upalabdha nahIM hotii| udAharaNa ke lie bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM kautUhala ke sAtha kahA gayA hai--vijJAtAramare kena vijAnIyAtarthAt jo jJAtA hai use kisake dvArA jAnA jAya ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna saMketa rUpa meM bhale hI huA ho, tarka dvArA puSTa rUpa meM nirUpita nahIM huA hai| isake viparIta bAda ke darzana apane Atma-sambandhI cintana ko pramANoM athavA tarkoM dvArA puSTa karane kA prayatna karate haiN| itanI bhUmikA ke bAda hama Atma-sambandhI vibhinna maMtavyoM kA alaga-alaga darzanoM ke anusAra varNana kareMge / anta meM hama jaina darzana ke etad sambandhI samanvayakArI vicAroM kA vivaraNa deNge| (ca) vaidika athavA hindU ke darzana meM Atma-cintanaH ___ Atma-tattva ke cintana kI jo dhArA upaniSadoM meM pravAhita huI, usakA vikAsa vahIM samApta nahIM huA / kAlakrama se vikasita hone vAle vividha vaidika darzanoM meM Atma-tattva cintana kA pradhAna (mUlabhUta) viSaya bana gyaa| upaniSaduttarakAlavartI darzanoM ne Atma-svarUpa kA svatantra dRSTi se gambhIratApUrvaka cintana kiyA aura usa viSaya meM apanI-apanI dhAraNAe~ prastuta kI / upaniSadoM meM upalabdha AtmA ke vividha rUpoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa hindU-darzanoM meM AtmA-sambandhI vividha vicAradhArAoM kA pratipAdana ho sakA hai| sarvadarzanasaMgraha, SaDdarzanasamuccaya Adi meM prAcIna AcAryoM ne nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga aura pUrva-mImAMsA tathA uttaramImAMsA (vedAnta) ko vaidika darzana kahA hai / kyoMki ina darzanoM meM upalabdha dArzanika cintana kA pramukha AdhAra veda-vAGmaya hai / jaisA ki hama dekheMge ki hindU darzanoM meM AtmasvarUpa ke viSaya meM samaya-samaya para parivartana hotA rahA isalie unameM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| isa dRSTi se yaha paramparA bauddha paramparA se samatA rakhatI pratIta hotI hai / jaina dharma-darzana meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| vahAM AgamakAlIna sAhitya se lekara Aja taka upalabdha dArzanika sAhitya kA Alor3ana karane se pratIta hotA hai ki AtmavAda kI jo mAnyatA RSabhadeva ke samaya meM thI vaisI hI Aja bhI hai| usameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM huaa| vaidika darzanoM meM AtmA sambandhI vividha vicAraNAeM upalabdha hone ke kAraNa pratyeka vaidika paramparA kA alaga-alaga ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| "

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 15 (ka) nyAya-vaizeSika : nyAya-vaizeSika darzana vastuvAdI darzana hai| isa paramparA meM AtmA ko zarIrAdi se bhinna eka svatantra dravya mAnA gayA hai|' isa darzana ke cintakoM ne AtmA ko svabhAva se jaDavat batalAyA hai / anya jar3a dravyoM se isa dravya meM yaha bheda kiyA gayA hai ki caitanya, jo AtmA kA svAbhAvika nahIM Agantuka guNa hai, kI utpatti AtmA meM hI ho sakatI hai| isa taraha AtmA ko caitanya yA jJAna kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM unakA tarka hai ki jJAna yA caitanya kI utpatti jAtmA kA mana ke sAtha aura mana kA indriyoM ke sAtha, aura indriyoM kA viSaya ke sAtha sannikarSa yA saMyoga hone para hotI hai apane isa siddhAnta ke kAraNa nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ko caitanya svarUpa na kaha kara caitanyavAn kahanA abhISTa samajhate haiM / jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai muktAvasthA meM zarIrAdi kA abhAva hone se use caitanya vihIna mAnA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika kA yaha siddhAnta anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM ko santuSTa na kara sakA, phalataH use kar3I AlocanA kA viSaya bananA par3A, jaisA ki hama Age dekheNge| unhoMne AtmA ko kSetrajJa, niranvayI, zAzvata, avinAzI, vyApaka, jJAtA, draSTA, kartA, pApa-puNya karmoM kA bhoktA, prati zarIra bhinna, aneka aura apariNAmI batAyA hai / buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dvaSa aura prayatna AtmA ke vizeSa guNa tathA saMkhyAdi batAye gaye haiM / (cha) bauddha darzana meM Atma-cintana : ___ bauddha darzana meM Atma-tatva kA siddhAnta anityavAda yA kSaNikavAda ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| bauddha darzana kA maMtavya hai ki parivartana yA kSaNikatA 1. na zarIrasya caitanya.......... / parizeSAdAtmakaryatvAt tenAtmA samadhigamyate / prazastadevaH-prazastapAdabhASyam, pR0 49-50 2. draSTavya : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan : bhAratIya darzana (bhAga 2), pR0 148-49 / 3. (ka)....."buddhayAdInAM guNAnAmAzrayo vaktavyaH / sa evAtmA / .... kezava mizra, tarka bhASya, pR0 148 / (kha) jJAnAdhikaraNamatmA / tarkasaMgraha, pR0 12 4. (ka) icchAdveSa"liMgam / nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 10 (kha) sukhaduHkhAdivaicitryAt pratizarIraM bhinnaH / ....tasya sAmAnyaguNAH sukhAdayaH paMca, buddhayAdayo nava vizeSaguNAH / kezavamizra : tarkabhASya, pR0 190 (ga) vibhavAnyahAnAkAzastathA aatmaa| maharSi kaNAda : vai0 suu0,7|1|22 (gha) sa ca sarvatra kAryopalambhAd vibhuH / paramamahatparimANavAnityarthaH / vibhutvAcca nityo'sau vyomavat / kezava mitra : tarka bhASya, pR0 149

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16 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hI yathArthasat hai / kSaNikavAda ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana bhI unhoMne apane prasiddha kAraNa kArya siddhAnta pratItyasamutpAda ke dvArA siddha kiyA hai / kSaNikavAda siddhAnta ke anusAra pratyeka vastu kA astitva kSaNika hai, koI bhI vastu do kSaNoM taka vidyamAna nahIM rahatI hai| ataH koI bhI vastu sthAyo nahIM hai / kSaNikavAda siddhAnta ke AdhAra para bauddha darzana meM AtmA anitya hI nahIM balki kSaNika mAnA gayA hai / isalie bauddhoM kA AtmavAda siddhAnta 'anAtmavAda' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| bauddha isa prakAra kI AtmA meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the jo sthAyI ho| unhoMne sthAyI tattva ko bhrAmaka kahA thaa| zAzvata AtmA meM vizvAsa karane vAloM kA maz2Aka karate hue unhoMne kahA ki yaha mAnyatA kalpita sundara nArI ke prati anurAga rakhane kI taraha hAsyAspada hai| mastiSka ke vicAroM aura saMvedanA ke atirikta AtmA nAmaka koI padArtha nahIM hai / upaniSad, vaidika darzana aura jaina darzana meM mAnya AtmA ke viSaya meM bhagavAna buddha cupa dikhalAI par3ate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM Atma-tattva siddhAnta kI bauddhoM kI vyAkhyA yaha prakaTa nahIM karatI ki caitanya kA AdhArabhUta koI sthAyI AtmA hai / bauddha darzana meM AtmA-sambandhI vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI gayI hai / (1) paMcaskandhoM ke AdhAra para aura (2) nAma-rUpa ke AdhAra para / inakA vistRta vivecana agale adhyAya meM kreNge| bauddha darzana ke 'anatta' ko samajha lene para unakI AtmA-sambandhI vicAraNA yA vyAkhyA ko saralatA se samajhA samajhAyA jA sakatA hai / anatta ko vyAkhyA vinayapiTaka ke mahAvagga meM Aye hue anattalakkhaNa sutta meM upalabdha hai / ' vahA~ para rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina paMcaskandhoM ko anatta siddha kiyA gayA hai| unheM aisA mAnane meM tarka diyA gayA hai ki ve anitya evaM duHkha rUpa haiM / paMcaskandhoM ko anatta kaha kara batalAyA gayA hai ki ina skandhoM se bhinna koI anya sUkSma tattva nahIM hai jise AtmA kahA jA ske| jise jJAna ho yA jo nirvANa prApta karatA ho aise zAzvata tattva ke viSaya meM pAli tripiTaka meM koI saMketa nahIM hai| mahAvagga ke anattalakkhaNa suna ke atirikta abhidhammapiTaka ke kathAvattha meM bhI isI prakAra anantA kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| AtmA ke zAzvata svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhagavAn buddha sarvatra mauna hI parilakSita hote haiM / 4 isa mauna se aisA pratIta 1. vinayapiTaka, 158020-23 2. abhidhamma piTaka, 111112 3. dIghanikAya, mahAvagga, 211 4. majjhima nikAya mUlapaNNAsaka, 35 / 3 / 5-24

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 17 nahIM hotA hai ki unakA abhiprAya zAzvata AtmA ko svIkAra karanA hai| unake isa kathana kA AdhAra isase Age AtmA ko vedanA dharma vAlA batalAnA hai| spaSTa hai ki zAzvatavAda meM mAnya AtmA kI dRSTi se bauddha darzana kA cintana anAtmavAda ke nAma se prasiddha huA jisameM kSaNika saMvedanAoM se pRthaka kisI nitya AtmA ko mAnya nahIM kiyA gayA hai 2 / dIghanikAya meM sIlakkhandhavagga ke brajAlasutta aura majjhimanikAya ke mUlapaNNAsakasutta kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki AtmA skandha saMghAta se bhinna nahIM hai| jaisA ki hama dekheMge ki bauddha darzana (pAli-tripiTaka) jaina darzana kI bhAMti indriya, viSaya, mana, vijJAna, vedanA aura tRSNA, jo pudgala rUpa hai, unheM AtmA nahIM mAnatA hai / lekina jaina darzana se bauddha darzana isa artha meM bhinna hai ki vaha inase bhinna AtmA kI kalpanA hI nahIM karatA hai, jaba ki (caitanya) darzana eka aise Atmatattva kI kalpanA karatA hai, jo upayoga svarUpa tathA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa dravya hai| hInayAna bauddha darzana meM vasubandhu ne spaSTa kahA hai ki paMcaskandhoM ko chor3a kara AtmA nAmaka koI tattva nahIM hai / mahAyAna darzana meM bhI svapravAha ko AtmA kahA hai aura nitya AtmA ke hone kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / diGnAga jaise AcAryoM ne AtmA aura anAtmA ko saMjJA mAtra kaha kara unakI pAramArthika sattA na hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| mahAyAnadarzana meM anAtmavAda yA nairAtmyavAda kA abhiprAya, AtmA kA uccheda nahIM hai| isa kathana kI puSTi mahAyAnasUtra aura laMkAvatAra meM Aye hae prasaMgoM se ho jAtI hai| phira bhI ve AtmA ko zAzvata na mAna kara zarIra ghaTaka dhAtuoM kA samuccaya kahate haiM / nAgArjuna ne tattvamAtra ko sat, asat, ubhaya aura 1. majjhimanikAya 1 / 28 / 34 2. majjhimanikAya ,uparipaNNAsaka, 2 / 2 / 1-6 3. kundakunda : samayasAra, 39-55 4. nAtmAstri skandhamAnaM tu karmazlebhisaMskRtam / abhidharmakoza, 3 / 18 5. (ka) prajJApAramitA, piNDArtha 50 (kha) laMkAvatAra sUtra, 10 / 429 6. mahAyAnasUtra, pR0 103 7. laMkAvatAra, 2 / 99, 216

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18 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra anubhayAtmaka koTiyoM se vinirmukta kaha kara spaSTa kahA ki bauddha mata na AtmavAdI hai aura na anAtmavAdI hai / spaSTa hai ki dhAtu aura skandha kA samaSTi rUpa hI AtmA hai| dhAtuoM ke saMghAta se bhinna AtmA kI paramArtha sattA nahIM hai| AtmadRSTi kA uccheda karanA caahie| yaha kathana karane ke kAraNa mahAyAnavAdI pudgalanairAtmyavAdI kahalAne lge| isI prakAra se samasta dharmoM ko anutpanna batalAne se ve dharma nairAtmavAdI ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| bauddha darzana meM AtmavijJAna kI kalpanA AtmavAdiyoM ke AtmA ke samAna hI hai jisakA vistRta vivecana agale adhyAya meM kreNge| . prajJApAramitA kI vyAkhyA karate hue sva ke pravAha ko AtmA kahA hai / usI meM rUpAdi ko AtmarUpa kaha kara AtmA ke sthira tattva hone kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| (ja) jainadarzana meM Atma-tattva vicAra jaina darzana meM AtmA kA vivecana tattva vicAra ke rUpa meM Arambha hotA hai / jaina darzana meM sAta tattva mAne gaye haiM, jisameM prathama jIva yA AtmA hai tathA anya chaH ajIva yA jar3a haiM / una sabhI kA mahattva jIva ke kAraNa hai / ye sAta tattva isa prakAra hai-(1) jIva, (2) ajIva, (3) Asrava, (4) bandha, (5) saMvara, (6) nirjarA, aura (7) mokSa / saMkSepa meM tattva do prakAra ke haiM, jIva aura ajIva; kyoMki sAta tattvoM meM jIva aura ajIva do hI pradhAna haiM, zeSa tattva jIva aura ajIva ke hI paryAya haiN| jIva aura ajIva ko sambaddha karane 1. mAdhyamika kArikA, 17 / 20 2. vahI, 1816 3. ahitAhamAnatvena sva santAna evAtmA / prajJApAramitA TIkA, pR0 14 4. Atmeti na sthAntavyam / vahI, pR0 18 5. (ka) tasya bhAvastatvam |""srvaarthsiddhi, 112, 108 (kha) tattvaM sallAkSaNika sanmAnaM vA yataH svataH siddham / tasmAdanAdinidhanaM svasahAyaM nirvikalpakam ||..."pNcaadhyaayii, pUrvArdha, kA0 8 6. tattvArthasUtra, 14 7. pravacanasAra, 2 / 35 8. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA, gA0 13, kalaza 31 9. jIvAjIvau hi dharmiNo taddharmAstvAsravAdaya iti / "tattvArthazlokavArtika : 1 / 4 / 48, pR0 156

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 19 vAle Asrava aura bandha haiM tathA unheM pRthak karane vAle saMvara aura nirjarA haiM / mokSa jIva kI svatantra avasthA kA nAma hai / isa prakAra jIva yA Atma-tattva sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai / pUjyapAdAcArya ne iSTopadeza meM kahA hai ki jIva pudgala se bhinna hai aura pudgala jIva se bhinna hai / yahI tattva hai, isake atirikta jo kucha bhI kahA jAtA hai vaha saba isI kA hI vistAra hai / amRtacandra AcArya ne samayasAra kI AtmakhyAti TIkA meM kahA hai, "zuddha naya kI apekSA ( do tattva bhI nahIM hai) eka mAtra Atmajyoti hI camakatI hai, jo ina bhava tattvoM meM dharmorUpeNa anugata hote hue bhI apane ekatva ko nahIM chor3atI hai" / 2 ajIva tatva : jar3a yA caitanya guNa se rahita tathA sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti se vihIna tattva ajIva kahalAtA hai| pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye ajIva ke pA~ca bheda haiM / jIvatasva : jo tattva cetana svarUpa hai, jJAnavAn hai, sabhI ko jAnatA, rekhatA hai aura sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, use jIva kahate haiM / 5 svAmI kArttikeya ne jIva-tattva kA mahattva batalAte hue uttama guNoM kA dhAma hai, saba dravyoM meM uttama dravya hai aura tattva hai / paramAtmaprakAza TIkA meM kahA hai "nava padArthoM meM zuddha jIvAstikAya, nija zuddha dravya, nija zuddha jIva-tattva, nija zuddha jIva- padArtha jo Apa zuddhAtmA hai, vahI upAdeya hai, anya saba tyAgane yogya hai / " jainadarzana meM avinAzI, ananta sukha hI upAdeya hai jo mokSa meM prApta hotA hai / mokSa kI prApti saMvara aura nirjarA se hotI hai / saMvara aura nirjarA kA kAraNa ratnatrayasvarUpa AtmA hai 1. iSTopadeza, zloka 50 2. samayasAra : AtmakhyAti TIkA, kalaza 7 3. paMcAstikAyasAra, 124-25 4. dravyasaMgraha, 15 5. paMcAstikAyasAra, 122 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 204 6. 7. paramAtmaprakAza, 17, pR0 14 8. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA cUlikA, gA0 28, pR0 80 kahA hai ki jIva hI saba tattvoM meM parama

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20 : jaina darzana meM Atma-vicAra uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM Atma-tattva pramukha tathA upAdeya hai / (jha) jaina darzana meM AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura anya darzanoM se bheda / AtmA kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana meM pramukha evaM maulika hai / isa darzana meM varNita sAta tattvoM, nava padArthoM aura chaH dravyoM meM Atma tattva hI caitanyasvarUpa hai' / umAsvAmI ne AtmA ko upayogasvarUpa kahA hai isI prakAra sarvArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAdAcArya, dravyasaMgraha meM nemi candrAcArya ne AtmA ko caitanyasvarUpa kahA hai / upayoga caitanya kA hI anvayI pariNAma hai / caitanya AtmA kA aisA lakSaNa hai jo use anya pudgalAdi ajIva dravyoM se vyAvRta karatA hai" / AtmA ke lie jaina darzana meM aneka nAma prayukta hote haiM, unameM se jIva bhI eka hai / yadyapi jo janma-maraNa kare vaha jIva kahalAtA hai aura AtmA zabda se mukta AtmA kA bodha hotA hai / lekina jaina darzana meM jIva aura AtmA eka hI tatva ke do nAma haiM / inameM koI bheda nahIM hai / dasa prANoM se jIne vAlA jIva kahalAtA hai, jaina darzana meM sparzanAdi pAMca indriyA~, mana, vacana, kAya ye tIna bala, zvAsocchavAsa aura Ayu dasa dravyaprANa haiM, jo pudgalAtmaka mAne gaye haiM / eka jIva ke kama se kama cAra prANasparzendriya, kAya-bala, ucchvAsa aura Ayu hote haiM / ina prANoM se jo jItA hai, jiyegA aura pahale jItA thA, vaha jIva kahalAtA hai' / kundakundAcArya ke isa jIva ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kA sabhI AcAryoM ne anukaraNa kiyA hai / 1. (ka) paMcAstikAyasAra, 109 / (kha) pravacanasAra, 2/35 2. upayogolakSaNam - tattvArtha, sUtra 28 3. tatra cetanA lakSaNo jIvaH / sarvArthasiddha, 1|4| pR0 14 4. NicchayaNayado tu du cedaNA jassa / - dravyasaMgraha, 3 5. jIva svabhAvazcetanA, yat itarebhyo dravyebhyo midyate / tattvArthavArtika / 1 / 4 / 14, pR0 26 6. gommaTasAra, gA0 130 7. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA gA0 30 8. pANehiM caduhi jIvadi jIvissadijo hi jIvido puvvaM / so jIvo pANA puNa poggala davvehi NivvatA // - pravacanasAra, 2255 / (kha) paMcAstikAya, gA0 30 9. draSTavya -- dravyasaMgraha, gA0 3 | tattvArthavArtika, 1147, pR0 25

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 21 akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM likhA ki siddhoM ke sparzanAdi dasa dravya prANa nahIM hote kintu siddha hone ke pahale ina prANoM se ve jIvita rahate the, isalie aupacArika rUpa se siddha bhI jIva hI haiM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dravya prANa ke atirikta bhAva prANa bhI hote haiM ye bhAva prANa jIva se abhinna hote haiM tathA Abhyantara aura avinAzI hote haiN| / 1 bhAva prANoM ko zuddha prANa bhI kahate haiM / dravya prANoM se jo trikAla meM jIvita rahe, kevala yahI jIva kA lakSaNa nahIM hai / dravya prANa to vinAzazIla haiM / ataH jo dravya aura bhAva prANoM se trikAla meM jIvita rahe, use jIva kahate haiM / 2 siddhoM ke caitanyarUpa bhAva prANa hote haiM / isI kAraNa se siddha jIva kahalAte haiM / isa prakAra siddha hai ki jIva aura AtmA eka hI tatva ke sUcaka haiM / kundakundAcArya ne paMcAstikAya meM AtmA kA vicAra karate hue kahA hai, " AtmA jIva hai, caitanya hai, upayoga vAlA hai, apane kiye gaye karmoM kA svAmI hai, puNya-pApa karmoM kA kartA evaM una karma phaloM kA bhoktA, zarIra parimANa, amUrtika aura karma saMyukta hai / " bhAvapAhur3a meM uparyukta vizeSaNoM ke atirikta AtmA ko anAdi nidhana bhI batalAyA hai / ina vizeSaNoM kA vivecana vistRta rUpa se Atma-svarUpa vimarza meM kareMge / kundakundAcArya ke uttaravartI sabhI AcAryoM ne AtmA ke isa svarUpa kA anukaraNa kiyA hai / 6 avinAzI aura asaMkhyAta ( akhaNDa ) dravya ke do lakSaNa upalabdha hote haiM utpAdavyaya ghovya svarUpa kahA hai / AtmA dravya hai : jaina darzana meM AtmA svataH siddha anAdi, ananta, amUrtika, pradezI dravya mAnA gayA hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM isameM dravya ko sat-svarUpa kaha kara sat ko dravya kA yaha lakSaNa AtmA meM pAyA jAtA / 7 hai / kundakundAcArya ne kahA hai ki AtmA kI pUrva paryAya kA vinAza hotA hai aura uttaraparyAya kI utpatti hotI hai, kintu dravya-dRSTi se jo pUrva paryAya meM 1. paMcasaMgraha ( prAkRta), 12 / 45 / 2. vahI, 145 3. tattvArthavArtika, 10447, pR0 25-26 4. paMcAstikAya, gA0 27 5. kattA moha amutto zarIra mitto aNAiNihaNo ya / daMsaNaNANuvayogo NiddiTTho jinavaridehi // - bhAvapAhuDa, 148 6. (ka) paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha, 30-32 / 7. tattvArtha sUtra, 5 / 29-30

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22 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra thA, vahI uttara paryAya meM rahatA hai / isa prakAra pUrva aura uttara paryAya meM rahane vAlA pariNAmI nitya dravya hai / yadyapi anya bhAratIya dArzanika bhI AtmA ko nitya dravya mAnate haiM lekina ve use apariNAmI mAnate haiM / dravya ke dUsare lakSaNa ke anusAra dravya meM guNa aura paryAyeM hotI haiM / Atma-tattva meM bhI dravya kA yaha lakSaNa maujUda rahatA hai / guNa dravya ke Azrita hote haiM / AtmA meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM prakAra ke guNa maujUda rahate haiM / vizeSa guNa ko asAdhAraNa yA anujIvI guNa bhI kahate haiM / jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, cetanatva aura amUrtattva ye chaH guNa jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke vizeSa guNa mAne haiM / astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, agurulaghutva, cetanatva, pradezatva aura amUrtatva ye ATha Atma ke sAmAnya guNa mAne jAte haiM / jaina siddhAnta meM dravya meM ananta guNa vidyamAna rahate haiM | amRtacandra AcArya ne samayasAra kI AtmakhyAti TIkA meM AtmA meM rahane vAle ananta guNoM meM se saiMtAlisa zaktiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / yahA~ para unakA denA sambhava nahIM hai / 5 9 isI prakAra padmanandi ne paMcaviMzatikA meM AtmA meM rahane vAle sUkSmamahAn Adi paraspara viruddha pratIta hone vAle aneka dharmoM ke hone kA ullekha kiyA / anya dravyoM kI bhAMti Atma dravya meM bhI svabhAva aura vibhAva donoM prakAra ko paryAyeM pAI jAtI haiM / AtmA kabhI svabhAvarUpa se pariNamana karatA aura kabhI vibhAvarUpa se / AtmA ke svabhAvarUpa pariNamana karane se hone vAlI paryAyeM svabhAva paryAyeM kahalAtI haiM / ye paryAyeM atyanta sUkSma aura agocara hotI haiM / siddhAvasthA meM carama zarIra se kiMcit nyUna zarIrAkAra pradeza vAlA honAyaha Atma-dravya kI svAbhAvika dravyaparyAya kahalAtI hai / " anantajJAna, ananta 1. pacAstikAya, 27 2. tadbhAvAvyayaM tithayam / - tattvArtha, 5 / 31 3. nayacakra, gA0 11-12 4. a0 ka0 bhA0 : paM0 rAjamalla, 218 5. jIvasyajJAnadarzana SaT / AlApapaddhati, 2 6. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, TIkA, gA0 241 7. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA: pariziSTa, pR0 556 8. paMcavizatikA, 8 / 13 9. nayacakra, gA0 18 10. nayacakra, ( saMpAdaka paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI) pariziSTa, AlApapaddhati pR0 212

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 23 darzana, anantamukha aura anantavIrya ko AtmA kI svabhAvaguNa paryAya kahA hai / " pudgaladravya saMyoga ke kAraNa AtmA kI hone vAlI paryAyeM vibhAvaparyAyeM kahalAtI haiM / pudgalakarma ke saMyoga se manuSya, nArakI, tiryaMca aura deva gatiyoM meM Atma pradezoM kA zarIrAkAra pariNamana honA AtmA kI vibhAva paryAya kahalAtI hai / 3 Atma dravya ke svAbhAvika guNoM meM karma ke saMyoga se hone vAlI vikRti ko mAilladhavala Adi AcAryoM ne Atma-dravya kI vibhAvaguNa paryAya kahA hai / matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaH paryAya jJAna, kumatijJAna, kuzrutajJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna Atma-dravya ke jJAnaguNa kI paryAyeM haiM / ataH AtmA eka dravya hai, jisameM guNa- paryAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM / jaina darzana meM AtmA astikAyadravya mAnA gayA hai" / jaina dArzanika anya dArzanikoM kI taraha AtmA ko niravayava na mAna kara sAvayava bhI mAnate haiM / inhIM avayavoM ko pradeza kahate haiM / umAsvAmI ne AtmA ko asaMkhyAta pradezI kahA hai N / ataH AtmA asaMkhyAta cetana pradezoM kI piNDa hai / 7 // 8 AtmA aneka haiM-- jaina darzana meM ananta AtmAoM kI parikalpanA kI gayI hai / umAsvAmI ne tattvArtha sUtra meM kahA hai : "jIvAzca 8 / isa sUtra ke bahuvacanAnta hone se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki AtmAeM aneka haiM / saMkSepa meM AtmAoM kA vargIkaraNa do bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai : saMsArI aura mukta' / karma- saMyuktaAtmA ko saMsArI aura karmavihIna AtmA ko mukta sthAvara ke bheda se umAsvAmI ne do bheda 2. vahI, gAthA 19 3. AlApapaddhati kahate haiM kiye haiM / 0 1. ( ka ) svabhAvaguNavyaMjanaparyAyA anantacatuSTaya rUpA AlApapaddhati ( kha ) nayacakra, gAthA 25 saMsArI AtmA ke trasa aura / tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM 4. nayacakra, 23 5. dravyasaMgraha 23 6. vakSyamANa lakSaNaH paramANuH sa yAvatikSetre vyavatiSThate sa pradeza iti vyavahiyate / sarvArthasiddhi : pUjyapAda, 518 7. tattvArtha, 58, aura bhI draSTavya- dravyasaMgraha0, gA0 25 8. tattvArtha, 5 / 3 / aura bhI dekheM isakI TIkAeM 9. vahI, 2 / 10 10. vahI : 2 / 12 jIvasya / nayacakra

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24 : jenadarzana meM Atma-1 - vicAra se jJAta hotA hai ki saMsArIAtmA ke ye bheda 'nAma karma' ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiM / arthAt jina AtmAoM ko trasa nAma karma kA udaya hotA hai unheM trasa aura jinako sthAvara nAma karma kA udaya hotA hai, unheM sthAvara AtmA kahate haiM / sthAvara AtmA ke pAMca bheda haiM : pRthivI, jala, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati / trasa AtmAoM kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai / saMkSepa meM tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne saMjJI aura asaMjJI ye do bheda kiye haiM / isI prakAra indriyoM kI apekSA do indriya, tIna indriya, catureMdriya aura paMcendriya ye pAMca bheda umAsvAmI ne isI grantha meM kiye haiM / muktAtmAoM ke sAmAnya kI apekSA koI bheda nahIM haiM / (Ja) jaina aura anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM AtmA-viSayaka bheda : jaina dharma-darzana ke AtmavAda kI anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM mAnya AtmavAda se tulanA karane para aneka samAnatAe~ - asamAnatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM : ( 1 ) pahalI bAta yaha hai ki jaina dharma-darzana meM AtmavAda kI mAnyatA jaisI prArambha se thI, vaisI Aja bhI hai / usameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM huA haiM, kintu hindU aura bauddha paramparA meM Atma-svarUpa ke viSaya meM samaya-samaya para parivartana hotA rahatA hai / (2) dUsarA pramukha antara yaha hai ki hindU aura bauddha darzana meM ekAnta - dRSTi se AtmA kA vivecana huA, kintu jaina darzana meM AtmA kA vicAra anekAntadRSTi se kiyA gayA hai / jaina aura bauddha darzana-sammata AtmA meM bheda : (1) jaina aura bauddha donoM darzanoM meM cArvAka samasta zarIrAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / (2) jaina darzana AtmavAdI darzana aura bauddha darzana anAtmavAdI darzana kahalAtA hai / (3) jainadarzana meM AtmA kA bhAvAtmakapratyaya upalabdha hotA hai, kiMtu boddha darzana meM AtmA vastu satya na hokara kAlpanika hai / ( 4 ) bauddha darzana meM rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina pAMca kSaNika skandhoM ke atirikta nityaAtmA nAma kI koI cIja nahIM hai, kintu 1. sarvArthasiddhi : pUjyapAda, 212, pR0 171 2. tattvArtha, 2 / 11 3. vahI, 2 / 13-14 4. bhAratIya tattvavidyA, pR0 80

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 25 jaina darzana meM rUpAdi ko pudgala kaha kara inase bhinna caitanyasvarUpa trikAlavartI AtmA kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| (5) saMkSepa meM bauddha darzana meM AtmA kSaNika aura rUpAdi paMcaskandharUpa yA cetanA kA pravAhamAtra hai / jaina darzana meM AtmA ko dravya ko apekSA aparivartanazIla aura paryAya kI apekSA parivartanazIla hai / ___ (6) kSaNika AtmA kA pratipAdana karake bhI bauddhadarzana meM jaina darzana kI bhAMti karmavAda, punarjanmavAda ora nirvANa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| __ jaina aura vaidika darzana meM Atma-viSayaka bheda : vaidika darzanoM meM alagaalaga darzana-paramparA meM AtmA kI avadhAraNA alaga-alaga hai| ataH jaina darzana sammata AtmA ke sAtha alaga-alaga tulanA karanA anivArya hai| jaina sammata AtmA kI nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ke sAtha tulanA : jaina darzana aura nyAya-vaizeSika darzana donoM AdhyAtmika darzana haiN| donoM mata ke dArzanika AtmA ko zarIra, indriya, mana Adi bhautika dravyoM se bhinna eka abhautika dravya mAnate haiN| donoM paramparAoM ke cintakoM ne cArvAka aura bauddha anAtmavAda kI samIkSA karake AtmavAda ko pratiSThA kI hai| uparyukta donoM paramparAoM meM maulika antara nimnAMkita hai : 1. nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA caitanyavAn mAnA gayA hai, kintu jaina darzana meM vaha caitanyasvarUpa mAnA gayA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika caitanya ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiM, aura jaina dArzanika caitanya ko AtmA kA yathArtha guNa svabhAva mAnate haiM / 2. suSupti aura mokSa avasthA meM nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ko jar3a rUpa mAnate hai, kiMtu jaina dArzanika ajar3arUpa mAnate haiN| 3. nyAya-vaizeSikaciMtaka AtmA ko apariNAmI mAnate haiM kiMtu jaina dArzanika AtmA ko kathaMcit pariNAmI mAnate haiM / 4. nyAya-vaizeSika aura jaina dArzanika isa bAta meM sahamata haiM ki AtmA nitya hai, kintu nyAya-vaizeSika ise kUTastha nitya mAnate haiM aura jaina dravya kI dRSTi se nitya evaM paryAya kI apekSA anitya mAnate haiM / 1. apracyutAnutpannasthiraika rUpaM nityam / --syAdvAd maMjarI, kA0 5, pR0 19 2. tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / tattvArtha, 5 / 30 3. buddhayAdayo'STAvAtma mAtra""nityA anityAzca / nityA Izvarasya" / -tarkasaMgraha : annamabhaTTa, avaziSTa guNa nirUpaNa

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26 : jainadarzana meM Atma vicAra 5. donoM sampradAya ke dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki AtmA aneka guNoM aura dharmoM kA AzrayarUpa hai / lekina donoM meM maulika antara bhI hai / jainAbhimata AtmA ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta vIrya aura ananta sukha - rUpa hai, jaba ki nyAya vaizeSika jJAna, sukha, duHkha icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma aura saMskAra ko AtmA ke vizeSa guNa mAnatA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika mata meM ina guNoM kA mokSa meM vinAza ho jAtA hai kyoMki unhoMne jIvAtmA ko anitya mAnA hai / jaina matAnusAra AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM kA vinAza mokSa meM nahIM hotA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika ne jaina muktAtmA kI taraha Izvara ke jJAna, icchA aura prayatna ko nitya mAnate haiM / 6. donoM dArzanika AtmA ko aneka aura pratizarIra bhinna, kartA evaM bhoktA mAnate haiM / 7. jaina darzana meM AtmA zarIra pramANa hai aura nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM vyApaka hai / 8. nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ke guNoM ko AtmA se bhinna mAnate haiM, kiMtu jaina dArzanika abhinna mAnate haiM / 9. nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika AtmA ko amUrtika mAnate haiM, kiMtu jaina dArzanika karmasambaddha AtmA ko mUrtika mAnate haiM / 10. jaina aura nyAya vaizeSika donoM AtmA ke punarjanma ko mAnate haiM / jaina dArzanika mAnate haiM ki AtmA mRtyu ke bAda tIna samaya ke andara eka yA do samaya taka anAhAraka raha kara janma le letA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA vibhu hone ke kAraNa AtmA kA sthAnAntara nahIM mAnate haiM / unhoMne punarjanma kI samasyA nitya, aNu rUpa pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna mana kI kalpanA karake kI hai / yahI mana eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM calA jAtA hai, yahI AtmA kA punarjanma kahalAtA hai / sAMkhyayoga kI AtmA ke sAtha tulanA : jaina vimarza kI sAMkhya yoga darzana meM vivecita AtmA ke svarUpa kI tulanA karane para aneka samatAe~ evaM viSamatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM, jo nimnAMkita haiM darzanAbhimata AtmasvarUpa 1. sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA ke lie 'puruSa' zabda prasiddha hai jaba ki jaina darzana meM jIva aura AtmA donoM zabdoM kA prayoga parilakSita hotA hai / A 2. donoM darzanoM meM AtmA kI 'ajIva' yA prakRti se bhinna sattA svIkAra gayI hai / 1. samayasAra : kundakundAcArya, gA0 308

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 27 3. jaina evaM sAMkhya yoga dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko caitanyasvarUpa mAnA hai / donoM dArzanika paramparAe~ isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki caitanya AtmA kA Agantuka guNa nahIM hai jaisA ki nyAya vaizeSika mAnate haiM / caitanya AtmA kA vAstavika guNa hai aura yaha AtmA kI samasta avasthAoM meM maujUda rahatA hai / 4. sAMkhyIya AtmA jaina darzana kI AtmA ke sAtha isa bAta meM bhI samAnatA rakhatI hai ki yaha anAdi hai / 5. donoM darzana meM nyAya-vaizeSika kI taraha ananta AtmAe~ mAnI gayI haiM / ataH donoM darzana bahujIvavAdI haiM / 6. sAMkhya darzana kA puruSa apariNAmI tathA aparivartanazIla hai, lekina jaina darzana AtmA dravya dRSTi se apariNAmI aura paryAya dRSTi se pariNAmI hai / 7. sAMkhyoM kA puruSa nitya kUTastha hai, lekina jainoM kI AtmA dravya dRSTi se nitya aura paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya hai / 8. sAMkhya dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina dArzanika bhI mAnate haiM ki AtmA kArya-kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA se pare hai / AtmA na kisI kA kArya hai aura na kisI kA kAraNa hai / 9. sAMkhya aura jaina darzana meM mahatvapUrNa antara yaha hai ki sAMkhya mata meM jJAna puruSa kA guNa yA svabhAva nahIM mAnA gayA hai / IzvarakRSNa ne jJAna ko buddhi kA, jo prakRti kA pariNAma hai, guNa kahA hai| isake viparIta jaina dArzanika AtmA ko jJAnasvarUpa mAnate haiM / 10. sAMkhya puruSa ko nistraiguNya tathA asaMga mAnate haiM, lekina jaina darzana meM saMsArI AtmA ko karma sahita aura mokSa meM sAMkhya kI taraha satva, rajas aura tamas guNa rUpa samasta karmoM se rahita batalAI gayI hai / 11. sAMkhya puruSa ko apariNAmI aura niSkriya mAnatA hai, lekina jaina AtmA ko pariNAmI aura sakriya mAnate haiM / 12. sAMkhya-darzana meM AtmA rAga-dveSa aura sukha-duHkha se rahita mAnA gayA hai, lekina jaina darzana meM saMsArI AtmA kA rAgI-dva eSI aura sukhI duHkhI hone kI parikalpanA kI gayI hai aura nizcayanaya kI apekSA sAMkhya darzana kI taraha rAgadveSAdi se rahita mAnA gayA hai / 1. samayasAra, gA0 310 2. dukkhu vi sukkhu vi bahu-vihau jIvahaM kammu jaNei / -- paramAtmaprakAza, 3. samayasAra, gAthA 51; mokSapAhur3a, gA0 51 1 / 64

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28 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra 13. jaina darzana meM AtmA ko nizcaya naya kI apekSA sAMkhyIya puruSa kI taraha pApa-puNya se rahita mAnA gayA hai / 14. sAMkhya jJAna, dharma, vairAgya aura aizvarya jaise guNa puruSa ke na mAnakara prakRti ke mAnatA hai lekina jaina dArzanika AtmA ko jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya - svarUpa mAnatA hai / 15. sAMkhya puruSa ko nyAya-vaizeSikoM kI taraha vyApaka mAnatA hai lekina jaina deha parimANa mAnate haiM / 16. sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa ko prakRti hI bandhana meM par3atI hai aura meM AtmA ko hI baMdha, mokSa hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / nirlipta kaha kara ullekha usI ko mokSa hotA hai / 17. sAMkhya AtmA nirguNI mAnatA hai, lekina jaina AtmA ko saguNI mAnatA hai / 18. jaina darzana meM AtmA meM paramAtmA hone kI zakti nihita hone kA kathana kiyA gayA, lekina sAMkhya puruSa meM isa prakAra kI zakti kA ullekha nahIM hai / kiyA gayA hai ki lekina jaina darzana mAnatA hai lekina jaina darzana 19. jaina darzana kI taraha sAMkhya bhI punarjanma kI taraha sAMkhya yaha nahIM mAnatA hai ki puruSa kA punarjanma hotA hai', kyoMki vyApaka hone ke kAraNa usakA sthAna parivartana honA asambhava hai / ataH liMga zarIra yA sUkSma zarIra kA hI punarjanma honA sAMkhya mAnate haiM, lekina jaina dArzanika AtmA kA hI punarjanma mAnate haiM / ra 20. jaina darzana kI taraha sAMkhya dArzanika bhI mAnatA hai ki bheda vijJAna se kaivalya kI prApti ho sakatI hai / 21. sAMkhya darzana meM batalAyA gayA hai ki muktAvasthA meM AtmA zuddha caitanya rUpa aura samasta duHkhoM se rahita ho jAtI hai, lekina jaina darzana meM muktAvasthA meM AtmA kevala duHkhoM se rahita nahIM hotI balki AnandAdi se yukta bhI hotI hai / sAMkhya dArzanika AtmA ko akartA mAnate haiM lekina jaina dArzanika 1. sAMkhyakArikA, zloka 62 2. pravacanasAra, jJAnatattva adhikAra, gA0 89-90

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 29 AtmA ko vyavahAra aura nizcayanaya donoM dRSTiyoM se nyAya vaizeSikAdi bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI taraha kartA mAnate haiM / samayasAra para dRSTipAta karane se jJAta hotA hai ki kundakundAcArya ne sAMkhyoM kI taraha zuddhAtmA ko akartA mAnA hai| 22. jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha sAMkhya dArzanika puruSa ko bhoktA mAnate haiM, lekina donoM meM antara bhI hai| sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA upacAra se bhoktA hai vAstavika rUpa se nahIM, kintu jaina dArzanika AtmA ko vAstavika bhoktA mAnate haiM, kAlpanika nahIM / samayasAra ke sarvaM vizuddha jJAnAdhikAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo jIva apane svabhAva ko jAnatA hai vaha karmaphaloM ko jAnatA hai bhogatA nahIM hai aura ajJAnI jIva karmaphaloM ko bhogatA hai / ataH vairAgI jJAnI karmoM ke bandha, udaya Adi aneka avasthAoM ko jAnatA hai, bhoga nahIM karatA isalie vaha abhoktA hai / yahA~ jo AtmA ko abhoktA kahA hai vaha sAMkhya darzana se bhinna hai / kyoMki sAMkhya to yaha kahatA hai ki ajJAnI puruSa buddhi meM apanA pratibimba dekhakara apane Apa ko karmoM kA bhoktA mAnane lagatA hai, vAstava meM vaha abhoktA hai / lekina jaina dArzanika kundakundAcArya ne sAMkhya kI taraha buddhi kI kalpanA nahIM kI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa ko caitanya svarUpa to mAnA hai lekina jJAna svarUpa nahIM mAnA hai, isalie sAMkhya puruSa ko jaina darzana kI taraha vizuddha jJAnI nahIM mAna sakatA hai / sAMkhya aura jaina donoM darzana Atma svarUpa kI upalabdhi ko AtmA kA mokSa mAnate haiM / saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAMkhyoM kA puruSa- vicAra jaina darzana ke nizcaya naya kI apekSA se varNita AtmavicAra se bahuta milatA hotA yadi unhoMne puruSa ko jJAna svarUpa aura sukha svarUpa mAna liyA hotA / paM0 saMghavI jI ne mAnA hai " sahaja cetanA zakti ke sivAya jitane dharma guNa thA pariNAma jaina sammata jIva tattva meM mAne jAte haiM ve sabhI sAMkhya yoga sammata buddhi tattva yA liMga zarIra meM mAne jAte haiM / " mImAMsA sammata AtmavicAra se tulanA : (1) mImAMsA darzana kA AtmA sambandhI vicAra nyAya-vaizeSika ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra se milatA-julatA 1. samayasAra; sarvavizuddha jJAnAdhikAra, gAthA 321-27 2 . vahI, gAthA 316-20 3. appA paMguha aNuharai appu Na jAi Na ei / bhuvaNatayahaM vi jhi jiya vihiANai vihiNe // paramAtmaprakAza, 1 / 66 bhAratIya tattvavidyA, pR0 83 4.

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30 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hai| prabhAkara aura kumArila bhaTTa donoM sampradAya jaina aura sAMkhya dArzanikoM kI taraha AtmA ko caitanya svarUpa nahIM mAnate haiN| prabhAkara aura usake matAnuyAyI nyAya vaizeSika kI taraha AtmA ko jar3avat mAna kara caitanya ko usakA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiM, jo mana aura indriyoM ke sAtha AtmA kA samparka hone para utpanna hotA hai / kumArila bhaTTa na nyAya vaizeSika aura prabhAkara kI taraha AtmA ko jar3avata mAnatA hai aura na jaina aura sAMkhyoM kI taraha caitanya svarUpa mAnatA hai balki bodhAbodhAtmaka svarUpa mAnatA hai / (2) kumArila bhaTTa jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha AtmA ko pariNAmI aura nitya mAnatA hai, jaba ki prabhAkara tathA usake matAnuyAyI AtmA ko apariNAmI aura nitya mAnate haiM / isI prakAra jainoM kI taraha jJAna ko AtmA kA pariNAma mAnate haiN| (3) kumArila bhaTTa kA AtmA sambandhI vicAra jaina darzana sambandhI AtmA ke vicAra se isa bAta meM bhI samAnatA rakhatA hai ki AtmA jJAtA aura jJeya hai / lekina prabhAkara nyAya vaizeSika kI taraha AtmA ko jJAtA mAnakara jaina ke AtmasvarUpa vimarza se asamAnatA rakhatA hai / (4) mImAMsA darzana meM jaina darzana kI taraha AtmA ko kartA, bhoktA, jJAtA kaha kara aneka AtmAoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| isI prakAra darzanoM meM AtmA amara, svayaM prakAzamAn, Atma-jyoti rUpa tathA utpatti vinAza rahita dravya mAnA hai / (5) mImAMsA kA AtmA sambandhI vicAra jaina darzana ke AtmA sambandhI vicAra se isa bAta meM samAnatA rakhatA hai ki mRtyu ke pazcAt AtmA apane purAne zarIra ko chor3a kara apane karmoM ko bhogane ke lie paraloka gamana karatI hai| (6) mImAMsA darzana meM nyAya vaizeSika kI taraha sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma, saMskAra aura jJAna nau vizeSaka guNa AtmA ke kahe gaye haiM, jinakA mokSa meM abhAva ho jAtA hai lekina jaina dArzanika aisA nahIM mAnate haiM / (7) nyAyavaizeSika kI taraha mokSAvasthA meM AtmA ko caitanya rahita mAnane ke kAraNa bhI mImAMsA darzana kA AtmA sambandhI vicAra jaina darzana se bhinna parilakSita hotA hai| (8) mImAMsaka dArzanika nyAya vaizeSika aura sAMkhya dArzanikoM se isa bAta meM samAnatA rakhate haiM ki AtmA ke mokSa hone kA artha samasta duHkhoM kA Atyantika vinAza hai / ataH jaina dArzanikoM se mImAMsakoM kA yaha siddhAnta bheda

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 31 rakhatA hai kyoMki jaina dArzanika mokSAvasthA meM AtmA ko AnandAdi svarUpa bhI mAnate haiN| . (9) kumArila bhaTTa mAnate haiM ki suSupti avasthA meM AtmA kI sattA rahatI hai, jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki suSupti avasthA meM AtmA jJAna zakti se yukta rahatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika evaM prabhAkara kI taraha ve yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki suSupti avasthA meM AtmA jJAna rahita jar3a ho jAtI hai / isake atirikta kumArila bhaTTa jaina dArzanikoM evaM upaniSadoM kI taraha yaha nahIM mAnane haiM ki suSupti avasthA meM AtmA ko Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai|| (10) mImAMsaka darzana meM nyAya-vaizeSika aura sAMkhya-yoga kI taraha AtmA ko vyApaka kaha kara jaina darzana ke Atma svarUpa vimarza se matabheda prakaTa kiyA hai, kyoMki jaina dArzanika AtmA ko vyApaka na mAna kara dehaparimANa mAnate haiM / (11) jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha mImAMsaka dArzanika isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki AtmA ko karmaphala kI prApti Izvara ke dvArA nahIM hotI hai / isake lie unhoMne "apUrva" kI kalpanA kI hai jaba ki jainoM ne phala pradAna karane kI zakti karmoM meM hI mAnI hai / saMkSepa meM kumArila bhaTTa kA AtmA sambandhI vicAra jainoM ke najadIka hai| advaita vedAnta-sammata Atma-vicAra ke sAtha tulanA : (1) jaina darzana meM AtmA kA jo svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai usake sAtha vedAntIya AtmA ke svarUpa kI tulanA karane para vibhinna samAnatAe~ aura asamAnatAe~ parilakSita hotI hai| jaina darzana meM jIva aura AtmA meM koI bheda nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, donoM zabda eka hI sattA ke sUcaka haiM, lekina vedAnta darzana meM AtmA jo brahma kahalAtA hai, jIva se bhinna mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM saMsArI AtmA kA jo svarUpa vivecita kiyA gayA hai vedAnta darzana meM jIva kA vahI svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai aura vedAntiyoM kI AtmA kA svarUpa lagabhaga vahI hai jo jaina darzana meM nizcaya naya kI apekSA se AtmA kA svarUpa hai| (2) jaina evaM sAMkhya dArzanikoM kI taraha vedAntI bhI mAnate haiM ki AtmA caitanya svarUpa hai| AtmA kA caitanya jAgRta, svapna aura suSupti avasthA meM maujUda rahatA hai / kyoMki uparyukta dArzanika nyAya vaizeSikAdi kI taraha caitanya ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa nahIM mAna kara usakA svabhAva mAnate haiM / (3) vedAnta darzana ke cintakoM ne sat, cit, Ananda aura jJAnAtmaka rUpa AtmA kA kathana kiyA hai / jaina cintaka bhI AtmA ko sat, cit aura Ananda svarUpa to mAnate haiM aura isake sAtha hI ananta-darzana aura ananta vIrya svarUpa bhI mAnate haiM /

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32 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (4) zaMkarA cArya sAMkhyoM kI taraha AtmA ko vAstavika kartA aura bhoktA na mAna kara upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa kartA bhoktA mAnatA hai, lekina jaina dArzanika AtmA ko yathArtha rUpa se nyAya-vaizeSika aura mImAMsakoM kI taraha kartAmoktA mAnate haiN| (5) zaMkarAcArya jaina Adi bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI bhAMti AtmA ko aneka na mAna kara eka mAnate haiM / jaina dArzanika zaMkarAcArya ke isa mata se sahamata nahIM haiM ki jaise eka candramA kA pratibimba jala kI vibhinna satahoM meM par3ane se aneka kI pratIti hotI hai, usI bhAMti avidyA (zarIra aura manas kI upAdhiyoM) ke kAraNa eka AtmA aneka dikhalAI par3ate haiN| saMkSepa meM zaMkarAcArya ne AtmA ko eka aura jIva ko aneka mAnA hai, lekina jaina AtmA ko aneka mAnate haiM / (6) advaita vedAnta mata meM AtmA nyAya-vaizezika, sAMkhya yoga aura mImAMsakoM kI bhAMti niSkriya hai| isake viparIta jaina darzana meM AtmA ko sakriya mAnA gayA hai| (7) jaina dArzanika AtmA ko sAvayavI (pradezI) aura avyApaka mAnatA hai aura advaita vedAnta AtmA ko anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI bhAMti niravayavI tathA vyApaka mAnatA hai| (8) vedAntiyoM ke jIva ko Izvara karmoM kA phala pradAna karatA hai lekina jaina dArzanika mata meM AtmA ke karmoM ke phala prApti meM Izvara jaisI sattA kI kalpanA nahIM kI gayI hai / jaina dArzanika vedAntiyoMkI taraha yaha bhI nahIM mAnate haiM ki jIva kA koI (Izvara) zAsaka hai| (9) zaMkarAcArya kA mata hai ki vizuddha jJAna dvArA AtmA mokSa avasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai kintu isake viparIta jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra samyag darzana jJAna aura cAritra ke dvArA AtmA mokSAvasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai / ata vedAntI cintaka aura jaina cintaka donoM mokSa abhAvAtmaka na mAna kara bhAvAtmaka mAnate haiM / (10) jaina dArzanika mata se vedAntI dArzanika isa bAta meM bhI sahamata haiM ki AtmA ke svAbhAvika svarUpa kI prApti honA mokSa hai lekina jaina dArzanika vedAntiyoM kI taraha yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki mokSAvasthA meM jIva brahma meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| (11) zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra mokSa avasthA meM AtmA zuddha, caitanya aura Ananda svarUpa hotA hai kintu jaina darzana meM mokSAvasthA meM AtmA ko ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta vIrya svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai| donoM darzanoM meM yaha bhI samAnatA hai ki donoM AtmA kI jIvana-mukti aura videha mukti meM vizvAsa karate haiN|

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 33 viziSTAdvaita vedAnta darzana ke sAtha tulanA : jaina aura viziSTAdvaita cintaka donoM AtmA ko zarIra, mana aura indriyoM se bhinna mAnate haiN| jaina dArzanika jise jIva yA AtmA kahatA hai, rAmAnuja use 'jIvAtmA' nAma se sambodhita karatA hai / jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha rAmAnuja bhI AtmA ko karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA, jJAtA, svayaM-prakAza, nitya, aneka, pratizarIra bhinna aura jJAna-Ananda svarUpa mAnatA hai| rAmAnuja kA jIvAtmA-vicAra jaina dArzanikoM ke Atma-vicAra se bhinna bhI hai| rAmAnuja jIvAtmA ko brahma kA aMga yA guNa mAna kara Izvara paratantra mAnatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha rAmAnuja AtmA kI svatantra sattA nahIM mAnatA hai, kintu brahma yA Izvara ko jIva kA mAlika aura saMcAlaka svIkAra karatA hai| rAmAnuja brahma ko jIvoM ke zubha-azubha karmoM kA phaladAtA mAnatA hai lekina jaina cintaka karmoM ko hI karmaphala pradAna karane kI zakti mAnatA hai / isI prakAra rAmAnuja jIvAtmA ko aNurUpa mAnatA hai kintu jaina dArzanika use aNurUpa na mAna kara zarIra pramANa mAnatA hai / rAmAnaja jIvAtmA ke tIna bheda-baddha-jIva, mukta-jIva aura nitya-jIva mAnatA hai / lekina jaina dArzanika saMsArI aura mukta -ye do bheda mAnate haiM / rAmAnuja jIvAtmA kI videha mukti mAnatA hai, vaha jainoM kI taraha jIvana mukti ko nahIM mAnatA hai / mokSAvasthA meM jIva brahma meM lIna hokara brahma sadaza ho jAtA hai lekina jaina dArzanika kisI meM lIna yA sadRza honA jIva kA mokSa nahIM mAnatA hai| rAmAnuja AtmA ko mokSAvasthA caitanya svarUpa jainoM kI taraha mAnatA hai| (Ta) mokSa kA artha Atma-lAbha : bhAratIya cintakoM ne mokSa ko jovana kA carama lakSya mAna kara usake svarUpa aura upAya kA sarvAMga evaM vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| sabhI bhAratIya darzana paramparAoM meM mokSa kI avadhAraNA alaga-alaga upalabdha hotI hai| mokSa kA artha hai janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta ho jAnA / ' bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke svarUpa kI kalpanA vividha rUpoM meM kI hai, kintu sabhI adhyAtmavAdI dArzanika isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki AtmA anAdi, ajara aura amara hai / avidyA, mAyA, vAsanA yA karma ke alaga hone para apane svAbhAvika svarUpa ko prApta kara letA 1. bhAratIya darzana : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga 2, viSaya-praveza, pR0 23

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34 : janadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hai|' isI AtmA ke svAbhAvika svarUpa kI upalabdhi ko bhAratIya cintakoM ne mokSa, mukti, apavarga, niHzreyas, nirvANa aura kaivalya kahA hai| . jaina aura nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, mImAMsA aura advaita-vedAnta ina chahoM hindU darzanoM ne mokSa kA artha Atma-lAbha hI pratipAdita kiyA hai / isa viSaya meM uparyukta darzanoM ke vicAroM kA vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / jaina darzana meM zuddhAtmA ananta-jJAna, ananta-darzana, ananta-sukha aura anantavIrya svarUpa mAnA gayA hai| saMvara aura nirjarA ke dvArA samasta karmoM kA samUla kSaya ho jAne para mokSa meM AtmA ko apane svarUpa kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| cAra puruSArthoM meM mokSa ko hI jaina dArzanikoM ne parama puruSArtha kahA hai / amRtacandrAcArya ne kahA bhI hai-jisa samaya samyak puruSArtha rUpa siddhi ko prApta azuddha AtmA samasta vibhAvoM ko naSTa karake apane caitanyasvarUpa ko prApta hotA hai, taba yaha AtmA kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai / ata: Atma-svarUpa kA lAbha hone ko jaina darzana meM mokSa kahA gayA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika-caitanya ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa na mAna kara use Agantuka guNa mAnate haiN| unakA mata hai ki zarIra, mana, indriya aura viSaya ke saMyoga se cetanA utpanna hotI hai| mukti meM zarIrAdi kA abhAva hotA hai isalie muktAtmA meM cetanAdi Agantuka guNa nahIM rahate haiN| isa darzana meM mukti kA artha AtmA ke svarUpa kA lAbha hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM mukti kA artha Izvara ke Ananda se Anandita honA nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jaisA ki bAda ke bhakta dArzanika mAdhavAcAryAdi ne mAnA hai / 1. bhAratIya darzana, saMpAdaka DA0 na0 ki0 devarAja, bhUmikA, pR0 16 2. vahI 3. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 111, utthAnikA (kha) AtmalAbhaM vidurmokSaM jIvasyAntarmalakSayAt / -siddhivinizcaya : akalaMkadeva, pR0 384 (ga) zuddhAtmopalambhalakSaNaH siddhaparyAyaH |--prvcnsaar, tAtparyavRtti jayasenAcArya, pR0 12 4. paramAtmaprakAzaH yogendu, gAthA 2 / 3 5. puruSArtha siddhathupAyaH kArikA 11 6. (ka) nyAyasUtra, 1 / 1 / 22 / (kha) navAnAmAtmavizeSaguNacanAtyAto nittirmokSa :-nyAyamaMjarIH jayanta bhaTTa, pra0 508

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 35 sAMkhya yoga darzana meM puruSa ( AtmA ) prakRti se bhinna caitanyasvarUpa mAnA gayA hai, ataH isa darzana ke cintakoM ne prakRti aura puruSa ke viyoga ko mokSa kahA hai ' / mokSa meM puruSa apane svAbhAvika svarUpa caitanya meM avasthita ho jAtA hai / yadyapi yoga darzana meM Izvara kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, lekina isa darzana ke dArzanikoM kA abhimata ki mukta puruSoM kA isa Izvara se koI sambandha nahIM hai" / mImAMsA dArzanika prabhAkara ne bhI nyAya-vaizeSika kI bhA~ti yaha mAnA hai ki muktAtmA meM cetana kA abhAva rahatA hai / isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki inhoMne AtmA ko jar3avat batalAyA hai / isalie prakaraNapaMcikA meM mokSa ko AtmA kA prAkRtika svarUpa kahA hai vilIna ho jAnA hai / AtmA aura brahma ko advaita vedAnta : advaita vedAnta darzana meM bhI AtmA kA ko prApta karanA mokSa mAnA gayA hai / advaita vedAnta meM tAdAtmya hai / isalie mokSa kA artha AtmA kA brahma meM DaoN0 na0 ki0 devarAja ne likhA hai " adva eta - vedAnta meM abhinna mAnA jAtA hai, isalie mokSa ko AtmA kA svarUpa - lAbha upayukta hai jitanA use brahma-lAbha athavA brahma prApti kahanA" / " mokSa AtmA aura brahma ke ekAkAra hone kI avasthA kA nAma hai aura brahma sat - cit-AnaMdasvarUpa hai, isalie mokSAvasthA AnandasvarUpa hai / kahanA hI viziSTAdvaita vedAnta : rAmAnujAcArya yadyapi isa kathana se bahuta kucha sahamata haiM ki AtmasvarUpa kA jJAna honA mokSa hai / lekina yahA~ para mokSa kA artha Atma-svarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM balki AtmA kA Izvara ke sAtha nirantara samparka honA hai / rAmAnuja zaMkara ke isa mata se sahamata nahIM haiM ki mokSAvasthA meM AtmA brahma meM vilIna ho jAtI hai / muktAtmA brahma ke sadRza ho jAtI hai / advaita vedAnta meM mokSa prApti apane prayAsoM dvArA kahI gayI hai jabaki rAmAnuja Izvara bhakti ke dvArA hI mAnatA hai / Izvara kI kRpA se hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / muktAtmA Izvara kI bhA~ti ho jAtI hai aura samasta doSoM se mukta 1. ( ka ) prakRti viyogo mokSaH / 2. (kha) tadA draSTuH svarUpe'vasthAnam / yogasUtra, 13 SaDdarzanasamuccaya : haribhadra, kArikA 43 3. svAtmasphuraNarUpaH / - prakaraNa paMcikA : prabhAkara, pR0 157 4. svAtmanyavasthAnaM mokSaH / taittirIyopaniSad bhASya, 111 svAbhAvika avasthA AtmA aura brahma meM no 5. bhAratIya darzana, saMpAdaka DA0 ena0 ke0 devarAja, bhUmikA, pR0 17 6. vahI 7. vahI, 50 577-78

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36 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hokara Izvara se usakA sAkSAtkAra honA mokSa hai, Atma-sAkSAtkAra nhiiN| rAmAnuja jIvanmukti meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA hai / vaha kevala videha-mukti meM vizvAsa karatA hai| isake viparIta bauddha, jaina, sAMkhya-yoga, advata-vedAnta dArzanika aura udyotakara bhI apara aura para niHzreyas ke bheda karake jIvanmukti aura videha-mukti ko mAnate haiN| ina dArzanikoM ne jIvanmukti kI kalpanA karake yaha siddha kara diyA ki mukti kevala AsthA yA vizvAsa kI cIja nahIM hai balki yaha eka yathArtha siddhAnta hai jisakA anubhava mumukSu manuSya svayaM apane isI jIvana meM kara sakatA hai / mAdhavAcArya bhI mokSa ko rAmAnuja kI taraha bhagavat kRpA kA phala mAnatA hai / DA0 naMdakizora devarAja ne inake mokSa ke aneka rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / jIva bhagavAn ke sAtha eka hI jagaha rahatA hai, vahA~ vaha bhagavAn ke nirantara darzana prApta karatA hai / mAdhavAcArya use sAlokya-mukti kahate haiN| sAmIpyamukti meM jIva Izvara ke aura nikaTa A jAtA hai| sArUpya-mukti * pUrvokta donoM muktiyoM se UMcI hai, isI ko sAyujya-mukti kahate haiM / isa mukti ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jo Izvara ko nirantara sevA karate haiM aura bAhya AkAra meM bhagavAn se milate-julate haiM, unheM yaha mokSa milatA hai / sAyujya-mukti meM muktAtmA bhagavAn meM praveza karake unake AnandapUrNa jIvana kA sahabhAgI hotA hai / 2 nimbArka ke anusAra mokSa bhagavAn ke svarUpa kA upabhoga-rUpa hai / isa mata meM AtmA aura brahma ke svarUpa-jJAna ko mokSa kahA hai| vallabhAcArya kA bhI yahI mata hai| spaSTa hai ki mAdhava, nimbArka aura vallabha bhaktadarzanoM meM mokSa kA artha AtmalAbha nahIM balki Izvara se nirantara sambandha hai / inake alAvA bhAratIya darzana meM, vizeSa rUpa se jainadarzana aura chaha hindU darzanoM meM mokSa kA artha kisI padArtha se yoga karanA nahIM hai, balki mokSa kA artha AtmalAbha yA AtmA ko apane svAbhAvika svarUpa kI upalabdhi hai / (Tha) dArzanika-nikAyoM meM Atma-sambandhI samasyAe~ aura unakA hala ___ aba hama yahA~ para Atma-sambandhI vividha samasyAoM kA aura unake viSaya meM vividha darzanoM kA mata prastuta kreNge| dArzanika nikAyoM ke AdhArabhUta sUtra grantha aura usa para likhe bhASya evaM TIkAoM meM nimna prazna uThAye gaye haiM :, 1. bhAratIya darzana, saMpAdaka DA0 ena0 ke0 devarAja, 10 577-78 2. vahI, pR0 616 3. vahI, pR0 600

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 37 1. AtmA kA astitva : cArvAka darzana Atma-tattva, punarjanma aura mokSa ko nahIM mAnatA | bauddha darzana punarjanma tathA mokSa yA nirvANa to svIkAra karatA hai lekina nitya Atma-tattva ko nahIM maantaa| inake viruddha sabhI dArzanika nikAya AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karane kA gambhIra prayatna karate haiM / ina praznoM se sambandhita cintana kA vivaraNa hamane agale adhyAya meM diyA hai / 2. AtmA kA svarUpa : dUsarI mahattvapUrNa bAta AtmA ke svarUpa ko nirdhArita karane kI hai / isa viSaya para vibhinna darzanoM meM paryApta matabheda hai / cU~ki hamAre zodha-prabandha kA mukhya viSaya jaina darzana hai, isalie hamane use kendra meM rakhate hue AtmA ke svarUpa ke vivecana kA vivaraNa diyA hai| jainetara darzanoM ke mantavyoM ko mukhyataH tulanA ke lie pradarzita kiyA hai / 3. karmavipAka evaM punarjanma : tIsarI mahatvapUrNa samasyA karmavipAka evaM punarjanma kI hai / yadyapi bhArata ke adhikAMza darzana karmasiddhAnta aura punarjanma ko mAnate haiM / kintu karmavipAka aura punarjanma kI prakriyAoM meM gambhIra matabheda hai / ye matabheda vibhinna hindU vaidika tathA avaidika darzanoM ke bIca bhI haiM / 4. bandhana aura mokSa : cauthI mukhya samasyA AtmA ke bandhana aura mokSa kI hai / yahA~ bhI vibhinna darzanoM meM gambhIra matabheda pAye jAte haiM / vaidika darzanoM meM ajJAna se bandha aura jJAna se mokSa batAyA gayA hai / bauddha darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki avidyA-baMdha kA kAraNa aura zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJA- mokSa kA sAdhana hai / jaina dArzanika samyak - darzana, samyak - jJAna aura samyak cAritrya kI samaSTi ko mokSa prApta karane kA sAdhana batalAte haiM / viziSTAdvaita Adi vaiSNava darzanoM ke alAvA sabhI vaidika, jaina aura bauddha darzanoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jIvanmukti hI jIvana kA lakSya hai / nyAya-vaizeSika tathA mImAMsA darzana kA abhimata hai ki mokSa duHkha ke abhAva kI vyavasthA hai, Ananda kI avasthA hI nahIM balki sukha yA Ananda kI avasthA rUpa hai / isa prakAra spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai ki bandhana aura mokSa ke viSaya meM bhI paryApta mata vaiSamya hai / hamArA antima adhyAya upasaMhAra hai, jisameM hamane AtmA-sambandhI vibhinna samAdhAnoM kA alaga-alaga evaM tulanAmUlaka mUlyAMkana kiyA hai / pratyeka darzana ke mantavyoM meM kucha bAteM aisI haiM jo use tarkasaMgata aura grAhma banAtI haiM, sAtha hI pratyeka samAdhAna kI apanI kamiyA~ aura sImAe~ haiM / jaina darzana kA sahAnubhUtipUrNa vivaraNa dete hue maiMne usakI kamiyoM para bhI najara DAlane kI koziza kI hai / yahI prakriyA anya darzanoM ke samAdhAnoM meM kI gayI hai /

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Atma-astitva-vimarza bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-siddhi atyanta mahattvapUrNa viSaya mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki AtmA ke astitva ke viSaya meM paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| prArambha meM anAtmavAdiyoM ne samaya-samaya para AtmAstitva bAdhaka tarka prastuta kiye haiM aura AtmavAdiyoM ne unake tarkoM kA khaNDana karake prabala yuktiyoM dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai / bhAratIya darzana meM cArvAka aura bauddhadarzana anAtmavAdI darzana mAne jAte haiM kyoMki ina darzanoM meM AtmA nAmaka aisA koI tattva nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jo pUrva aura uttara janma meM sthAyI rUpa se rahatA ho / zeSa darzana punarjanma rUpa meM Atma-tattva ko svIkAra karate haiM, isalie AtmavAdI darzana kahalAte haiM / yahA~ anAtmavAdiyoM ke vicAra atyanta saMkSepa meM prastuta kiye jAte haiN| (ka) cArvAka darzana kA anAtmavAda : __ cArvAka darzana ke pravartaka bRhaspati nAmaka RSi the| cArvAka darzana ke anAtmavAda kA sUtrapAta AtmavAda ke sAtha huA pratIta hotA hai / yaha prAyaH hotA hai ki vidhi ke sAtha niSedha avatarita hotA hai| ataH yaha Azcarya nahIM ki Atmacintana ke sAtha anAtma-cintana kA prAdurbhAva huA ho / cArvAka siddhAnta bhautikavAda bhI kahalAtA hai| anya prAcIna granthoM ke sAtha sUtrakRtAMgasUtra' nAmaka dUsare aMga meM bhI isake anAtmavAda kA paricaya upalabdha hotA hai / cArvAka eka mAtra indriya-pratyakSa tattvoM kA astitva mAnate haiM / ve apanI isa pramANa mImAMsA ke anusAra tarka karate haiM ki AtmA kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai / isalie kisI aise tatva kI sattA nahIM hai, jisakA punarjanma hotA ho aura jise AtmA kahA jA sake / yahI cArvAka kA anAtmavAda hai / isa anAtmavAda se nimnAMkita vAda phalita hue jAna par3ate haiM-zarIrAtmavAda, indriyAtmavAda, mAnasAtmavAda, prANAtmavAda aura viSaya caitanyavAda / 1. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1 / 1 / 17 / 2. pratyakSamevaikaM pramANam |-caarvaak darzana kI zAstrIya samIkSA-DA0 sarvA nanda pAThaka; sUtra 5 / 20, pR0 138 / 3. (ka) yAvajjIvaM sukhaM jIvennAsti mRtyoragocaraH |""srvdrshnsNgrh : mAdhavA cArya, pR0 3 / (kha) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, kA0 80 /

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 39 zarIrAtmavAda : cArvAka darzana kA eka sampradAya zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM tajjIvataccharIravAda ke rUpa meM zarIrAtmAda kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa mata ke mAnane vAloM kA tarka hai ki pRthivI, jala, teja aura vAyu ina cAra mahAbhUtoM kI sattA hai / ina cAroM bhUtoM ke zarIrAkAra meM pariNata hone se caitanya usI prakAra utpanna ho jAtA hai, jaise mAdaka dravya mahuA meM jau Adi ke milane se mAdakatA utpanna ho jAtI hai / ataH caitanya viziSTa zarIra hI AtmA hai| zarIra ke atirikta AtmA nAmaka koI tattva nahIM hai|" dehAtmavAdiyoM ke siddhAnta ko prastuta karate hue mAdhavAcArya ne likhA hai ki "maiM moTA hU~, maiM dubalA hU~" isa kathana se bhI zarIra hI AtmA siddha hotA hai| mRtyu ke bAda zarIra ke naSTa hone ke sAtha AtmA kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai / samIkSA : nyAya-vaizeSikAdi anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne bhI zarIrAtmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA kI hai|; jo nimnAMkita hai : 1. pahalI bAta yaha hai ki pRthvI Adi mahAbhUta acetana haiN| pRthvI dhAraNa svabhAva vAlI hai, vAyu IraNa svabhAva hai, jala drava svabhAva aura agni uSNatA svabhAva hai / isa prakAra ke acetana aura dhAraNAdi svabhAva vAle bhUtoM se caitanya svarUpa AtmA kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| haribhadra ne bhI zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM yahI kahA hai| 2. akalaMkadeva zarIrAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahate hai ki yadi caitanya bhUtoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hotA hai to jisa prakAra pRthivI Adi ke vibhakta hone para kama aura avibhakta hone para adhika guNa dikhalAI par3ate haiM usI prakAra zarIra ke avayavoM ke vibhakta hone para jJAnAdi guNoM kI nyUnatA aura avibhakta hone para adhikatA parilakSita nahIM hotI hai / isalie siddha hai ki zarIrAkAra pariNata bhUtoM se caitanya nahIM utpanna hotA hai| 3. tattvArthavArtika meM akalaMkadeva evaM zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM haribhadra kahate haiM ki yadi sukhAdi caitanya zarIra ke dharma haiM to mRta zarIra meM bhI rUpAdi guNoM 1. sarvadarzana saMgraha, pR0 10 2. sUtrakRtAMga, 2 / 1 / 9 3. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 2 / 4 / 12 4. brahmasUtra zAMkara bhASya, 3.3 / 53 5. sarvadarzanasaMgraha (hindI anuvAda), pR0 10 6. prameyaratnamAlA, 4 / 8, pR0 296 7. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, kA0 1143-44 8. tattvArthavArtika : akalaMkadeva, 2 / 7 / 27, pR0 117

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40 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra kI bhAMti cetanA vidyamAna honI cAhie / lekina aisA nahIM hotA hai / ataH siddha hai ki caitanya zarIra kA dharma nahIM hai / " 4. zarIrAtmavAdiyoM ke dRSTAnta kA khaNDana karate hue akalaMkadevabhaTTa kahate haiM ki yaha dRSTAnta viSama hai / madirA ke pratyeka ghaTaka meM mAdakatA rahatI hai lekina pratyeka bhUtoM meM caitanyatA nahIM rahatI hai / ataH zarIrAkAra pariNata bhUtoM se caitanya kI utpatti mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / 5. " maiM moTA hU~" "maiM kRza hU~" ina pratyayoM se zarIra AtmA siddha nahIM hotA hai / prabhAcandrAcArya ne isa tarka ke nirAkaraNa meM kahA hai ki ye pratyaya zarIra meM anaupacArika rUpa se hote haiM / jisa prakAra kisI vizvasanIya naukara ko mAlika kahane lagatA hai ki yaha naukara hI maiM hU~, yadyapi naukara mAlika nahIM hotA hai / donoM alaga-alaga hote haiM / isI prakAra AtmA aura zarIra donoM bhinna-bhinna hone para vyAvahArika rUpa se abhinna pratIta hote haiM / jaina dArzanikoM ne zarIrAtmavAda siddhAnta ke nirAkaraNa ke lie aura bhI aneka tarka diye haiM, jinako yahA~ prastuta karanA sambhava nahIM haiM / indriyAtmavAda : cArvAka sampradAya kA eka varga mAnatA hai / brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya" aura vedAntasArAdi kA paricaya upalabdha hotA hai / isa mata mAnane vAloM kA tarka hai ki zarIrAdi indriyoM ke adhIna hai / indriyoM ke vidyamAna rahane para hI padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai aura unake abhAva meM nahIM hotA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai "maiM badhira hU~" ityAdi prayogoM se siddha hai ki indriyA~ hI ki "maiM andhA hU~", AtmA haiM; kyoMki indriyoM ko hI AtmA granthoM meM isa siddhAnta 1. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 1 / 65-66 2. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 7 / 27, pR0 117 3. (ka) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 117, pR0 112 / ( kha ) nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 1, pR0 349 4. draSTavyaH prameyakamalakamArtaNDa, 117, pR0 110-120 / (kha) nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 343-49 / (ga) zAstravArtAsamuccya, pahalA stavaka, kA0 30-112 / (gha) aSTasahasrI, pR0 36-37, 63-66 / 5. brahmasUtra zAMkara bhASya, pR0 52 6. vedAntasAra, pR0 26 7. pazyAmi zRNomItyAdi pratItyA maraNaparyantaM / yAvantIndriyANI tiSThanti tAnyevAtmA // - cArvAkadarzana kI zAstrIya samIkSAH DA0 sarvAnanda pAThaka, sUtra 5 / 36 pR0 140

Page #56
bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 41 AtmavAdI "maiM" pratyaya AtmA ke lie prayukta honA mAnate haiN| yahA~ para "maiM" pratyaya indriyoM ke lie prayukta huA hai, ataH indriyA~ hI AtmA haiM / samIkSA : AcArya prabhAcandra ne indriyAtmavAda kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai 1. indriyA~ AtmA nahIM haiM, kyoMki indriyA~ acetana haiM, bhUtoM kA vikAra rUpa haiM aura basUlAdi kI taraha ve karaNa hai| ataH jisa prakAra acetana aura karaNa rUpa basUlA AtmA nahIM hai, isI prakAra indriyA~ bhI AtmA nahIM hai| nyAyakaMdalI meM bhI yahI tarka diyA hai| 2. caitanya ko indriyoM kA guNa mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki cakSurAdi indriyoM ke naSTa hone para caitanya naSTa nahIM hotA hai / prazastapAda bhASyoM meM yahI tarka upalabdha hotA hai| 3. SaDdarzanasamuccaya ko TIkA meM guNaratna ne kahA hai ki yadi indriyA~ AtmA hotIM to unake naSTa hone para smaraNAdi jJAna nahIM honA cAhie / lekina indriyoM ke naSTa hone para bhI smaraNAdi jJAna hotA hai / isase siddha hai ki AtmA indriyoM se usI prakAra bhinna hai jisa prakAra khir3akiyoM se dekhane vAlA khir3akiyoM se bhinna hotA hai|" 4. prabhAcandra indriyAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki indriyoM ko AtmA mAna lene para ve kartA ho jAeMgI, aura aisA hone para karaNa kA abhAva ho jaaegaa| karaNa ke abhAva meM kartA koI kriyA nahIM kara skegaa| indriyoM ke atirikta anya kisI ko karaNa mAnanA sambhava nahIM hai| ataH indriyoM ko AtmA mAnanA vyartha hai / 1. nendriyANi caitanyaguNavanti karaNatvAdbhUtavikAratvAdvAsyAdivat / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 17, pR0 114 / 2. nyAyakandalI : zrIdharAcArya, pR0 172 3. tadguNatve ca caitanyasyendriyavinAze pratItinasyAd-prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 17, pR0 114 / (kha) nyAyakumudacaMdra, bhAga 1, pR0 346 4. prazastapAda bhASya, pR0 49 5. SaTdarzanasamuccaya, TIkAH guNaratna, kA0 49, pR0 246 6. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 17, pR0 114

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42 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 5. indriyAtmavAda meM eka yaha bhI doSa AtA hai ki indriyA~ aneka haiM / ataH eka zarIra meM aneka AtmAoM kA astitva mAnanA par3egA aura aisA mAnane se aneka doSa Ate haiM / ' 6. aneka indriyoM meM se kisI eka indriya ko AtmA mAnanA pramANa virodhI kathana hai / kyoMki amuka indriya AtmA hai, isakA nirNaya karanA sambhava nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki eka indriya ko caitanyasvarUpa mAna kara zeSa ko karaNa mAnane para eka svatantra AtmA siddha ho hI jAtI hai ? / 2 mAnasAtmavAda : cArvAka darzana kA eka varga mana ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai / inakA tarka hai ki mana se bhinna koI dUsarA padArtha aisA nahIM hai jise AtmA kahA sake / mana ke sakriya hone para hI indriyA~ apane viSaya ko jAna sakatI haiM / maiM saMkalpa-vikalpavAn hU~ isa prakAra kA anubhava mana ko hI hotA hai / ataH mana hI AtmA hai / taittirIya upaniSad meM bhI mAnasAtmavAda kA ullekha upalabdha hai / samIkSA : 1. prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM mAnasAtmavAda ke nirAkaraNa meM kahA hai ki mana basUlAdi kI taraha acetana karaNa hai, isalie vaha caitanya kA AdhAra nahIM ho sakatA hai / caitanya kA AdhAra na hone ke kAraNa mana ko AtmA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai" / nyAyavaizeSika, sAMkhya yoga aura mImAMsakoM ne bhI yahI tarka mAnasAtmavAda ke khaNDana meM dayA hai / 2. dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mana ko AtmA mAnane se vaha rUpAdi samasta viSayoM kA jJAtA ho jAyagA / aisA mAnane para kisI dUsare ko Antarika karaNa mAnanA par3egA, jisake dvArA cArvAkoM kA mAnasAtmA Antarika aura bAhya viSayoM ko jAna sake anyathA kriyA nahIM ho sakegI / isa prakAra kA Antarika karaNa mana ke alAvA anya nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH siddha hai ki mana AtmA nahIM hai / isake atirikta eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki yadi anya koI AntarikakaraNa 1. nyAyakumudacaMdra, 346 2. tathA nAmAntarakaraNAt / - prameyaka malamArtaNDa, pR0 115 3. vedAntasAra : sadAnanda, pR0 53 / ( kha ) nyAyakumudacaMdra, pR0 647 4. anyontarAtmA manomayaH / taittirIyopaniSad 2 / 3 / 1 5. prameyakamalamArtaNDa : prabhAcandra, 117, pR0 115 6. (ka) nyAyakandalI bhA0 : vAtsyAyana, pR0 42 / (kha) paramAtma prakAza : pR0 149

Page #58
bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 43 sambhava hai, to isakA artha hai ki prakArAntara se mAnasAtmavAdiyoM ne AtmA ko svatantra rUpa se svIkAra kara liyA hai' / 3. prabhAcandra mAnasAtmavAdiyoM se pUchate haiM ki Apa nitya mana ko AtmA mAnate haiM yA anitya mana ko ? nityamana AtmA nahIM hai : yadi mAnasAtmavAdI nitya mana ko AtmA mAnatA hai taba usake siddhAnta meM mAne gaye bhUtacatuSTaya kI saMkhyA kA vyAghAta hotA hai / dUsarA doSa mAnasAtmavAda meM yaha bhI AtA hai ki dUsaroM ke siddhAnta ko bhI mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki nyAyavaizeSika Adi mana ko nitya mAnate haiM tathA jaina darzana bhI bhAvamana ko nitya hI mAnatA hai / ataH nityamana ko AtmA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / anitya mana bhI AtmA nahIM hai : yadi anitya mana ko AtmA mAnA jAe to isa viSaya meM prazna hotA hai ki isa anitya mana ke pRthvI Adi bhUta kAraNa haiM yA anya koI dUsarA kAraNa haiM / yadi anityamana kA kAraNa pRthvI Adi bhUta haiM to pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kI taraha anityamana bhI bhautika hI hogA aura bhautika hone se pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kI taraha cetanA kA vaha anitya mana Azraya nahIM ho sakegA " / ataH nitya mana kI taraha anitya mana bhI cetanA kA Azraya na hone ke kAraNa mAnasAtmavAda ThIka nahIM hai / prANAtmavAda : kucha cArvAka prANa ko AtmA mAnate haiM / prANoM ke nikala jAne para zarIra indriyAdi saba vyartha ho jAte haiM / 'maiM pyAsA hU~', 'maiM bhUkhA hU~' isa prakAra ke prayogoM se bhI siddha hotA hai ki prANa hI AtmA hai / prANAtmavAdiyoM kA tarka hai ki upaniSadoM meM bhI prANa ko hI AtmA kahA gayA hai / 1. kartRtvopagame prakArAntareNAtmaivoktaH syAt / - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 117, pR0 115 2. nanu tat nityam, anityaM vA syAt ? -- nyAyakumudacaMdra, bhAga 1, pari0 2, pR0 347 3. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 1, pariccheda 2, pR0 347 4. atha anityam, tat kiM bhUtahetukam anyahetukaM vA ? - vahI 5. bhUtahetukatve prAguktabhautikatvAdyanumAnebhyaH cetanAzrayatvAnupapattiH / - vahI 6. aparazcArvAka : prANAbhAva ityAdi calanAyogAdahamazayavAnahaM pipAsA - vAn ityAdyanubhavAcca prANa Atmeti vadati / - - vedAntasAra, pR0 52 9. taittirIyopaniSad, 2123 / (kha) kauSita kI, 3 / 2 / (ga) chAndogya, 311514

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44 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra samIkSA -- jaina darzana prANoM ko AtmA nahIM mAnatA hai, kyoMki jaina darzana meM do prakAra ke prANa mAne gaye haiM- -dravya prANaora bhAva prANa / cArvAka jina prANoM ko AtmA mAnatA hai ve isa darzana meM acetana aura paudgalika mAne gaye haiM / AtmA caitanya svarUpa hai isalie prANoM ko AtmA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ne isa siddhAnta kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki prANa AtmA nahIM hai, kyoMki prANa AtmA kA prayatna vizeSa hai / prANa AtmA para AdhArita hai aura AtmA usakA AdhAra hai / ataH AtmA prANa se bhinna hai / ' viSaya caitanyavAda : kucha cArvAka vicArakoMkA mata hai ki AtmA kI sattA nahIM hai aura na caitanya indriyAdi kA guNa hai / kyoMki yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki indriyA~ naSTa ho jAtI haiM; magara viSayoM kA smaraNa banA rahatA hai| ataH caitanyatA viSaya yA padArtha kA guNa hai / samIkSA : 1. prabhAcandrAcArya ne isa siddhAnta kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| usakA nikaTa na hone yadi caitanyatA kyoMki viSayoM ke pratIti hotI hai / tarka hai ki artha caitanyatA kA AdhAra nahIM hai para evaM unake naSTa hone para bhI caitanya guNa kI artha kA guNa yA dharma hotA to viSayoM ke dUra hone para yA naSTa ho jAne para bhI smRtyAdi kI pratIti nahIM honA cAhie, magara unakI pratIti hotI hai / isalie siddha hai ki caitanya kA AdhAra viSaya nahIM hai / (2) dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki guNoM ke naSTa hone para bhI guNa kI pratIti honA mAnA jAe to isa guNI meM ye guNa haiM, yaha kathana nahIM bana sakegA / isalie siddha hai ki caitanya viSayoM kA guNa nahIM hai, kintu artha se bhinna nitya padArtha kA guNa hai jo nitya padArtha isa caitanya kA AdhAra hai, vahI AtmA hai / isa prakAra cArvAka anAtmavAda para vicAra karane ke vAda niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yaha siddhAnta tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / 1. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 176 2. nApi viSayaguNaH, tadsAnnidhye tadvinAze cAnusmRtyAdidarzanAt / -- prameya - kamalamArtaNDa, 17, pR0 115 / (kha) nyAyakandalI, pR0 172 / (ga) nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 1 ; prabhAcandrAcArya, pR0 347 / (gha) nyAyadarzanam : vAtsyAyana bhASya 3 / 2 / 18, pR0 395 3. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 1, pR0 347 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 17, pR0 115

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 45 (kha) bauddha darzana kA anAtmavAda bauddha darzana kA anAtmavAda kSaNikavAda evaM pratItyasamutpAda siddhAnta para nirbhara hai / isa darzana kA anAtmavAda sarvathA tucchAbhAva rUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmavAdiyoM kI taraha isa darzana meM bhI puNya-pApa karma - karmaphala, loka-paraloka, punajanmamokSa kI mAnyatA evaM mahattA hai / bhagavAn buddha ke anAtmavAda ke pahale tatkAlIna paristhiti kA saMkSipta ullekha karanA anucita na hogA / dIghanikAya ke brahmajAlasutta' aura majjhima nikAya ke savvAsava suttanta ke anusAra usa samaya do prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM thIM / zAzvata AtmavAdI vicAradhArA, jo AtmA kI nityatA meM vizvAsa karatI thI - dUsarI ucchedavAdI vicAradhArA thI, jo AtmA ko uccheda arthAt anitya mAnatI thI / bhagavAn buddha ne ina donoM vicAradhArAoM kA khaNDana kiyA / puggala paMjatti ke anusAra eka aura vicAradhArA pracalita thI jisake anusAra AtmA kA astitva na isa jIvana meM hai aura anya jIvana meM / yahI kAraNa haiM ki bhagavAn buddha kahate the ki AtmA sambandhI kisI prazna kA uttara dene meM pracalita ekAntika paramparAoM se kisI eka kA samarthana ho jAyegA / ataH isa viSaya meM mauna dhAraNa karanA hI unhone zreyas samajhA / bhagavAn buddha ko tatkAlIna pracalita AtmaviSayaka kalpanAoM meM eka doSa yaha dRSTigata huA ki kucha AtmavAdI rUpAdi meM satkAya dRSTi rakhate haiM / isa kAraNa ahaMkAra aura mamatva bar3hatA hai jo saMsAra ke AvAgamana kA kAraNa hai / ata: buddha ne jo jovoM ko duHkha se tathA saMsAra ke bandhanoM se mukta karAnA cAhate the satkAya dRSTi ko samasta duHkhoM kI jar3a kahA aura jIvoM ko virAga tathA nirmamatva kA upadeza diyA / uparyukta kAraNoM se pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn buddha kI dRSTi meM anAtmavAda kA upadeza denA zreyaskara rahA, para isakA matalaba yaha nahIM ki unheM AtmAstitva meM vizvAsa nahIM thA / ve AtmA ke astitva meM vizvAsa karate the, lekina use nitya aura vyApaka na mAnakara kSaNikacitta saMtatirUpa svIkAra karate haiM, jaisA unake vyAkhyAnoM se avagata hotA hai / 1. dIghanikAya, 111 2. majjhimanikAya, 111/2 3. bhAratIya darzana, bhA0 1 : DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan, pR0 355 kI pAda TippaNI 4. vahI, pR0 354 5. majjhimanikAya, cUlavedalla sutta / 6. majjhimanikAya, sabbAsavasutta 7. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA : ema0 hiriyannA, pR0138

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46 : jaina darzana meM Atma-vicAra udAharaNa ke lie buddha ke dvArA anAtmavAda ke viSaya meM sAranAtha meM paMca bhikkhuoM ko diyA gayA upadeza ullikhita kiyA jAtA hai / mahAvaggAdi' meM anAtmavAda kA ullekha huA hai / usakA sAra yaha hai ki rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna na to samaSTi rUpa se AtmA hai aura na vyaSTi rUpa se; kyoMki ye paMcaskandha anitya, parivartanazIla, bAdhAvAn, rogavAn evaM duHkhakAraka haiM / isalie inameM rAga aura moha nahIM rakhanA cAhiye balki inase virakta hokara vimukta kA sAkSAtkAra karanA caahie| mahAvagga ke anattapariyAyo sutta meM bhagavAn bhikSuoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM : bhikSuo! rUpa anAtma hai| yadi bhikSuo! rUpa AtmA hotA to isameM roga na hotaa| isa rUpa ke sambandha meM kaha sakate haiM ki merA rUpa aisA ho aura merA rUpa aisA na ho / rUpa AtmA nahIM hai, isalie bhikSao! rUpa meM roga hotA hai aura hama rUpa ke sambandha meM nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki merA rUpa isa prakAra ho, isa prakAra na ho / isI prakAra kramazaH vedanA, saMjJA, saMsAra aura vijJAna ko anAtma hone kA vistRta upadeza diyA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAn buddha ke anAtmavAda ke upadeza se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unhoMne yaha to batAyA ki amuka padArtha AtmA nahIM hai lekina na to unhoMne yaha upadeza diyA ki AtmA kyA hai aura na usake astitva kA kahIM khaNDana hI kiyA / bhagavAn buddha ne pAMca skandha, bAraha Ayatana aura aThAraha dhAtuoM ko anAtma kahA thA / lekina bhagavAn buddha ke isa kalyANakArI anAtmavAda kA artha bAda ke bauddha vidvAnoM aura sampradAyoM ne apane-apane anukUla karake badala diyA / bhagavAn buddha ke pazcAt unake anAtmavAda ke nimnAMkita rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| 1. pudgala nairAtmyavAda 2. pudgalAstivAda 1. (ka) mahAvagga, 1 / 6, pR0 11-16 / (kha) majjhimanikAya, 1 / 3 / 6 2. mahAvagga pariyAyo sutta, pR0 16-18 3. vistRta vivecana ke lie dekheMH (ka) dIghanikAya, 1. 9. 3, 2. 3 / (kha) majjhimanikAya, 11112, 1 / 3 / 2, 1138, 1 / 4 / 5, 1148, 1 / 5 / 3, 3 / 1 / 2, 3 / 1 / 9, 3 / 5 / 2, 3 / 5 / 4, 3 / 5 / 5, 3 / 5 / 6 Adi / (ga) saMyutta nikAya, 1 / 3 / 3, 1 / 4 / 3, aura 12 / 7 / 10 Adi 4. majjhimanikAya-SaDAyatana vagga, nandakovAdasutta, cUla rAhulovAdasutta aura cha-chakka sutta / 5. jaina darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 96

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 47 3. traikAlika dharmavAda aura vartamAna dharmavAda / 4. dharma-nairAtmya-niHsvabhAva yA zUnyavAda / 5. vijJaptimAtravAda yahA~ ina sabako hama saMkSepa meM prastuta kara rahe haiM : pudgala nairAtmyavAdaH isa prasaMga meM hama nAgasena dvArA 'milindapaJho' meM kI gayI anAtmavAda kI vyAkhyA kI carcA kreNge| bhagavAn buddha ne anAtma ke upadeza meM eka prakAra se saMghAtavAda kA upadeza diyA / milindapaJho meM AtmA ke lie 'puggala' zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / nAgasena ne rAjA milinda ko lambe saMvAda meM batAyA ki puggala arthAt AtmA kI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai| buddha ke bAda nAgasena ne pahalI bAra AtmA ke abhAva ke rUpa meM anAtmavAda kI vyAkhyA kI / DA0 rAdhAkRSNan ne bhI kahA hai, AtmA ke prazna para buddha ke mona sAva jAne ke kAraNa nAgasena ne niSedhAtmaka aramAna kA pariNAma nikAlA ki AtmA nahIM hai / ema0 hiriyannA ne bhI likhA hai ki nAgasena ne apanI anAtmavAda kI vyAkhyA meM AtmA ke abhAva ke sAtha hI sAtha samasta padArthoM kA abhAva siddha kiyaa| pudgalAstivAda : pudgalAstivAda vAtsIya putrIya anAtmavAda ke nAma se vizruta hai| vAtsIyaputrIya sampradAya sthaviravAdI bauddhoM kI eka zAkhA hai| pudgalAstivAdiyoM ke siddhAnta-pratipAdaka koI grantha nahIM hai / tattvasaMgraha, kathAvastu evaM abhidharma koza prabhRti meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM inake siddhAntoM kA ullekha 1. milindapaJho , 2 / 111, pR0 27-30 2. (ka) avi ca kho mahArAya saMkhA samajA pajjati vohAro nAma mattaM yadidaM nAgasenoti na hettha puggalo upalabbhatIti |-vhii, 20111, pR0 27 (kha) paramatthato panettha puggalo yU~ palabhati |-vhii, pR0 30 / puggala zabda yahA~ AtmA ke lie prayukta huA hai / (ga) yathA hi aMgasambhArA hoti saddo rathoti / ___ evaM khandhesu santesu hoti satto ti samprati ||-vhii, pR0 30 evaM saMyukta nikAya, 5 / 10 / 6 (gha) milindapaJho ( lakkhaNa paJho), pR0 57 evaM usase Age ke prsNg| 3. bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1 : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, pR0 361 4. bhAratIya darzana ko rUparekhA :ema.hiriyannA; 10 142

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48 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra milatA hai|' inakA mantavya hai ki pudgala kA astitva hai aura yaha pudgala paMcaskandhoM se na bhinna hai aura na abhinna / 2 samIkSA : pudgalavAdiyoM kA yaha siddhAnta AtmavAdiyoM ke atyadhika nikaTa hai| jise AtmavAdiyoM ne AtmA kahA use pudgalAstivAdiyoM ne pudgala kahA hai / AcArya vasubandhu ne bhI kahA hai, 'pudgala eka nitya padArtha pratIta hotA hai, yaha AtmA yA jIva kA dUsarA nAma hai| " tatvasaMgraha meM isa mata kI samIkSA meM kahA gayA hai ki pudgalAstitva mAnane se AtmavAdiyoM kI taraha use skandhoM se bhinna yA abhinna mAnanA pdd'egaa| bhinna mAnane para vAtsIyaputrIya AtmavAdI ho jaayeNge| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pudgala ko AtmA kI taraha karmoM kA kartA, bhoktA evaM eka skandha chor3akara dUsare skandhoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA tathA saMsaraNa vAlA mAnA hai| isI prakAra pudgala ko nitya mAnanA par3egA aura aisA mAnane se usameM kartRtva bhoktRtva asambhava ho jAegA aura buddha-vacanoM ke ullaMghana kA doSa AegA kyoMki unhoMne zAzvata AtmA kA niSedha kiyA hai / pudgala ko skandhoM se abhinna mAnane se rUpAdi kI taraha use aneka mAnanA par3egA, jaba ki pudgalAstivAdI pudgala ko eka mAnate haiM / pudgala ko skandhoM se abhinna mAnane se skandhoM kI taraha pudgala bhI anitya ho jAegA aura aisA hone para kRtapraNAsaakRta karma bhoga kA prasaMga aaegaa| yadi pudgalavAdI ucchedavAda ko svIkAra karegA to bhagavAna buddha ke vacanoM ke bhaMga karane kA prasaMga AegA / ataH pudgala na nitya hai aura na anitya tathA nitya aura anitya na hone se avAcya hai / avAcya hone ke kAraNa usakI AkAza phUla kI taraha pAramArthika sattA nahIM hai / vastu yA to sat rUpa hotI hai yA asat rUpa / sat aura asat se vilakSaNa padArtha avAcya aura mithyA hotA hai| pudgala bhI skandhoM se bhinna aura abhinna hone ke kAraNa vAcya nahIM hai| isalie usakI sattA nahIM hai| isa prakAra pudgala avAcya hone se prajJapti mAtra siddha hotA hai / yadi vAtsIyaputrIya pudgala ko avAcya na mAnakara vastusat mAnate haiM taba pudgala ko skandha se bhinna yA abhinna mAnanA par3egA aura aisA mAnane se vadatovyAghAta aura pratijJAbhaMga kA 1. (ka) kathAvatthu, puggala kathA, pR0 13-71 / (kha) tattvasaMgraha, kA 2. tattvasaMgraha, AtmaparIkSA, kA0 336 / bauddhacaryApaMjikA, pR0 455 / 3. abhidharma koza, 3 / 118 4. tattvasaMgraha paJjikA, pR0 160, kA0 337-338

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 49 doSa AtA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne pudgala ko avyAkRta isalie kahA hai kyoMki ve batalA denA cAhate the ki pudgala prajJapti mAtra hai| jahA~ kahIM pudgala kA upadeza diyA hai vaha nAstikya ke nirAkaraNa ke lie diyA hai / ataH siddha hai ki pudgala kA astitva nahIM hai / __ vAtsIputrIya : yadi pudgala kA astitva nahIM hai to bhagavAn buddha ne saMyukta nikAya meM bhAra, bhArahAra kA upadeza kyoM diyA ? samAdhAna : uparyukta bhagavAn kA upadeza vyartha bhI nahIM hai kyoMki bhArahAra kA tAtparya skandha samudAyalakSaNa vAlA pudgala prajJapti mAtra kahA hai| isake atirikta anya nitya dravya AtmA ko bhArahAra nahIM kahA hai| abhidharma koza' meM bhI AcArya vasubandhu ne pudgalAstivAda kA vistRta khaNDana kiyA hai| isa vivecana se aisA lagatA hai ki zAzvata AtmavAdI vicAradhArA ko mAnane vAle kucha loga bauddha saMgha meM sammilita ho gaye hoMge aura unhoMne naI dRSTi se pudgalavAda (AtmavAda) kI pratiSThA karane kA prayAsa kiyA hogaa| lekina yaha siddhAnta adhika samaya taka na Tika skaa| ___ traikAlika dharmavAda aura vartamAnika dharmavAdaH-prastutavAda sarvAstivAdiyoM (hInayAniyoM) kA hai / vaibhASikoM ne manuSya ke vyaktitva kA vizleSaNa karake kahA ki nitya, kartA-bhoktA rUpa AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai| AramA eka prajJaptimAtra hai| 'padArtha' ko 'cit' zabda se abhihita karake use saMskRta-asaMskRta, sAdhAraNa-asAdhAraNa Adi dharmoM meM vibhakta karake usakA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyaa| kSaNikavAda siddhAnta meM niSThA rakhate hue bhI pratyeka citta aura caitasika ko apane DhaMga se traikAlika siddha kiyaa|6 tattvasaMgraha meM isa siddhAnta kA vivecana vistRta rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| eka udAharaNa ke dvArA vahA~ traikAlika dharmatA ke viSaya meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra sone ke kuNDala ko tor3a kara kar3Adi banAne para sonA naSTa nahIM hotA hai sirpha AkAra kA parivartana hotA hai, usI prakAra eka dharmadhva dUsare dharmadhva meM 1. tattvasaMgraha kA0, 338-343 2. vahI, kA0 347 3. saMyuttanikAya, bhAravarga, bhArasutta, 21 / 1 / 3 / 1 4. tattvasaMgraha paJjikA, pR0 164-66 5. abhidharmakoza, pR0 231 se Age 6. nAtmAsti skandhamAnaM |-abhidhrmkosh 3 / 18, aura bhI dekheM bhASya pR0 56

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50 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra parivartita hote hue bhI usakI avasthAoM kA parivartana hotA hai, dravya aparivartanIya hai|' unakA tarka hai ki yadi citta traikAlika na hotA to bhagavAn buddha atIta aura anAgata 'rUpa' se nirapekSa hone kA upadeza nahIM dete / ataH vartamAna kI bhA~ti atIta anAgata kAla bhI satya hai / isake bAda sautrAntika sampradAya ne kAlika dharmavAda kA virodha kiyA aura citta-caitasikoM ko punaH vartamAnika batalAyA / apane siddhAnta ke samarthana meM sautrAntikoM ne kahA ki buddha ne kSaNikavAda kA upadeza diyA thaa| dharmoM ko traikAlika mAnane se nityatA siddha ho jAtI hai| samIkSA:--yahA~ aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AtmA kI sattA kA nirAkaraNa karane ke kAraNa pudgala nairAtmyavAdiyoM kA zAzvata AtmavAdiyoM ke AkSepoM aura tarkoM ke sAmane TikanA kaThina ho rahA thA / isalie bauddha dharma-darzana ke vibhinna sampradAya apanI sthiti ThIka rakhane ke lie tathA punarjanma, bandha aura mokSa kI buddhigrAhya vyAkhyA karane ke lie siddhAntoM ko apane DhaMga se prastuta karane lage the| dharmoM ko traikAlika mAnanA Atma-siddhAnta mAnane jaisA hI hai / dharma narAtmya-niHsvabhAva yA zUnyavAda : yaha mahAyAna bauddha darzana kA pramukha sampradAya hai / bhagavAn buddha kA anAtmavAda isa sampradAya meM zUnyatA meM parivartita ho gayA / nAgArjuna ne mAdhyamika kArikA meM kahA hai ki vastu catuSkoTi vinirmakta aura anabhilApya hai| hama vastu ko na asti rUpa kaha sakate haiM aura na nAsti rUpa, na ubhaya rUpa aura na anubhaya rUpa / ina cAra koTiyoM meM se vastu kA varNana kisI koTi dvArA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahI zUnyavAda kahalAtA hai / tattva anivarcanIya hone se kahA gayA ki saMsAra zUnya hai, kyoMki tattva kA abhAva hai / saMsAra kI samasta vyAvahArika vastue~ pratItya samutpanna hone ke kAraNa unakA vAstavika astitva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se vicArane para sabhI anutpanna haiN| isalie unheM dharma-nairAtmya, svabhAvazUnya, niHsvabhAva yA anAtman kahate haiN| ataH saMsAra kI vastuoM ke viSaya meM 1. abhidharmakoza, 5 / 25 / tattvasaMgraha kA0, 1785 2. bauddha darzana aura anya bhAratIya darzana, pR0 639 3. devendra muni zAstrI kA bhI yahI mata hai| dekheM, anadarzana-svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, 50 98 4. na santAsan na sadasan na cApyanubhayAtmakam / catuSTa koTivinirmuktaM tattvaM mAdhyamikAH viduH ||-maartiiy darzana saMgrahaDA0 nandakizora devarAja, pRSTha 188 para uddhRta /

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 51 bhAvAtmaka rUpa se varNana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / candrakIti ne kahA hai ki AtmA jaise tattva kI sattA nahIM hai| catuHzataka meM astitva kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| samIkSA : anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI bhA~ti jaina dArzanika bhI zUnyAtmavAdiyoM ke siddhAnta se sahamata nahIM haiM / AcArya kundakunda, samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaMkadeva, haribhadra, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra aura malliSaNa Adi ne isa mata kI vistRta tArkika mImAMsA kI hai / vijJaptimAtratAvAda : AtmasvarUpa ke viSaya meM antima kalpanA yogAcAra mahAyAna bauddha dArzanikoM kI hai| vijJAnavAdiyoM ke anusAra bAhya padArtha vAstavika nahIM hai| kevala ekamAtra niraMza, niranvaya aura kSaNika vijJAna hI carama tattva hai| unhoMne AtmA ko mAtra vijJapti rUpa batAyA / vijJAna kI santAna ke atirikta Atma-tattva nAmaka koI padArtha nahIM hai jo paraloka rUpa phala kA bhoktA ho / samIkSA : svAmI kAttikeya ne vijJAnAdvaitavAda ke nirAkaraNa meM kahA hai ki jJAna mAtra ko mAnane se jJeya ke abhAva meM jJAna bhI vyartha ho jaaegaa| kyoMki jJAna kA artha hai jAnanA, lekina jaba jJeya hI nahIM hai taba jAnegA kyA? ataH jJeyavihIna jJAna kI kalpanA ThIka nahIM hai / " amitagati ne isa mata kI samIkSA karate hue kahA ki yadi vijJAna ke atirikta 'AtmA' nahIM hai to smaraNAdi kA abhAva ho jAegA aura smaraNAdi ke abhAva meM vyavahAra naSTa ho jaaegaa| jJAna pravAha ko AtmA mAnane para kiye gaye karmoM kA nAza aura nahIM kiye gaye karmoM ke phala bhogane kA doSa bhI AtA hai| prabhAcandrAcArya ne nyAyakumudacandra, aura prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM isa mata kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai| unakA eka tarka yaha hai ki vijJAna saMtAnAtmavAda meM bandha aura mokSa kI vyavasthA naSTa ho jAegI, 1. mAdhyamika kArikA, 9 / 3 / vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya mAdhyamika kArikA vRtti, pR0 168 Adi / 2. catuHzatakaH Aryadeva, dazama prakaraNa 3. trizikA, 17 4. milindapaJho, 4 / 38-42 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA : bhA0 247-49 6. zrAvakAcAra, 4 / 24 7. SaTdarzanasamuccaya, guNaratna TIkA, pR0 296

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52 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra kyoMki bandha-mokSa do pUrva-uttara kSaNoM meM anvaya rUpa se rahane vAle AtmA meM hI sambhava hai aura vijJAna kSaNika hai|' bandha-mokSa ke abhAva meM anitya bhAvanAoM kA upadeza nirarthaka siddha ho jAtA hai| haribhadra' ne bhI yahI kahA hai| isa prakAra pUrva vivecana se spaSTa hai ki Atma-svarUpa ke sambandha meM bauddha darzana meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| vibhinna sampradAyoM ne isa viSaya meM vibhinna parikalpanAe~ kI / (ga) nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM Atmasiddhi : ___gautama RSi ne nyAyasUtra meM tathA kaNAda RSi ne 'vaizeSika sUtra' meM AtmA kA astitva anumAna pramANa se siddha kiyA hai / prANApAna, nimeSonmeSa, jIvana, indriyAntara vikAra, sukha-du:kha, icchA, dveSa, saMkalpa Adi ko AtmA ke liMga kaha kara, inhIM se AtmAstitva siddha kiyA hai / isI prakAra nyAyasUtrakAra ne icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha-duHkha dinirNayAtmaka jJAna hetuoM ke dvArA AtmA kI sattA kA anumAna kiyA hai| gautama RSi anumAna pramANa ke alAvA zAstrIya pramANa bhI dete haiM / 5 nyAyadarzana meM mAnasa pratyakSa ke dvArA bhI AtmA kI sattA siddha kI gayI hai lekina vaizeSika darzana meM kaNAda aura prazastapAda AtmA kA mAnasa pratyakSa nahIM mAnate haiM / uparyukta Atma-sattA sAdhaka tarkoM kA vistRta vivecana karanA sambhava nahIM hai| (gha) sAMkhya-darzana meM Atmasiddhi : sAMkhya-darzana meM AtmAstitva siddha karane ke lie aneka tarka diye gaye haiN| IzvarakRSNa ne sAMkhyakArikA meM nimnAMkita anumAna diye haiM : 1. saMghAt pavArthatvAt-arthAt samudAya rUpa jar3a padArtha dUsaroM ke lie hote haiM svayaM ke lie nhiiN| pragati aura usake samasta kArya saMghAta rUpa hone se jisake lie haiM, vahI puruSa hai / 1. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 1, pR0 842 2. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 412 3. vaizeSika sUtra, 3 / 2 / 4-13 4. nyAyasUtra, 3 / 1 / 10 5. bhAratIya darzana : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga 2, pR0 145 6. dekheM-bhAratIya darzana : saMpAdaka DA0 na0 ki0 devarAja, pR0 311 7. sAMkhyakArikA, 17; sAMkhyapravacana sUtra, 1166, yogasUtra, 4 / 24 8. saMghAtparArthatvAt triguNAdiviparyayAdadhiSThAnAt / / puruSo'sti bhoktRbhAvAt kaivalyArtha pravRttazca ||-saaNkhykaarikaa 11

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 53 2. triguNAdi viparyayAd-arthAt tInoM guNoM se bhinna hone se puruSa kI sattA kA anumAna hotA hai / saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha sat, raja aura tama rUpa haiM / ataH ina guNoM se bhinna jisakI sattA hai, vahI puruSa hai / 3. adhiSThAnAt : saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kA koI na koI adhiSThAtA hotA hai | ataH buddhi, ahaMkArAdi kA jo adhiSThAtA hai, vahI puruSa hai / 4. bhoktRbhAvAt - sukha-duHkha Adi kA jo bhoktA hai vahI puruSa hai / DA0 devarAja ne bhoktA kA artha draSTA kiyA hai / isa viSaya meM unhoMne likhA hai ki buddha Adi padArtha dRzya haiM, ataH inakA draSTA honA anivArya hai / isa anumAna se siddha hai ki dRzya padArthoM kA jo draSTA hai, vahI puruSa hai / 5. kaivalyArtham pravRte - puruSa kA astitva siddha karane ke lie antima aura pAMcavIM yukti hai ki kaivalya arthAt mokSa ke lie pravRtti samasta manuSyoM meM hotI hai / isa prakAra kI pravRtti se siddha hai ki prakRti Adi se bhinna puruSa kA astitva hai / (Ga) momAMsA darzana meM AtmAstitva- siddhi : jaiminI ne AtmAstitva siddha karane ke lie mImAMsA sUtra meM koI pramANa nahIM diye haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki karma mImAMsA vivecita karanA hI unakA lakSya thA / zAbarabhASya meM svAmI zabara ne isakI sattA ke lie tarka diye haiM / bAda ke dArzanika prabhAkara aura kumArila bhaTTa ne nyAya-vaizeSika aura sAMkhyoM kI taraha hI yuktiyA~ dI haiM / zabara svAmI ne mAnasa pratyakSa ke dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai / yajJa vihita phala ke bhoktA rUpa meM bhI AtmAstitva siddha kiyA hai / kyoMki karmoM kA phala avazya milatA hai / ataH karma karane vAlA aura bhogane vAlA zarIrAdi se bhinna AtmA nAmaka tattva avazya hai / * (ca) advaita vedAnta darzana meM Atmasiddhi : AtmA kI sattA vedAnta darzana meM svataH siddha mAnI gayI hai / anubhava karane vAle ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA svayaMsiddha hai / yadi jJAtA ke rUpa meM AtmA rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga 2, pR0 402 kI pAda 1. bhAratIya darzana : DA0 TippaNI / 2. zloka vArtika, AtmavAda / (kha) zAstra dIpikA, pR0 (ga) taMtravArtika : prabhAkara, pR0 516 / prakaraNapaMjikA, bRhatI, pR0 149 / 3. brahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya 1 / 1 / 5, pR0 14 4. vahI 119-122 / pR0 147 /

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54 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 1 kI sattA na mAnI jAe to kisI bhI jJeya viSaya kA jJAna na ho sakegA / ata: anubhavakartA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sabhI ko apanI (AtmA kI sattA meM vizvAsa hai / koI yaha nahIM kahatA hai ki merI sattA nahIM hai / ataH AtmasattA kI pratIti sabhI ko hotI hai / 2 brahmasUtra ke dUsare adhyAya meM zaMkarAcArya kA kahanA hai ki AtmA pramANa, prameya, pramAtA aura pramiti ina samasta vyavahAroM kA Azraya hai / jisake Azraya meM pramANa hai vaha pramANa ke dvArA kisa prakAra siddha ho sakatA hai / ataH AtmA svayaMsiddha hai / 3 surezvarAcArya ne bhI yahI kahA hai / AtmAstitva kA nirAkaraNa bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki Agantuka vastu kA hI nirAkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, svarUpa kA nahIM / jaise agni ke uSNatva kA nirAkaraNa agni dvArA nahIM ho sakatA hai usI prakAra AtmA kA niSedha AtmA ke dvArA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA haiM / ataH niSedha karane vAle ke rUpa meM bhI AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai / " advaita vedAnta AtmAstitva siddhi ke lie pratyakSAdi pramANa kA AdhAra nahIM letA hai / rAmAnuja ahaMpratyaya dvArA isakI sattA siddha karate haiM / (cha) jainadarzana meM Atmasiddhi : jaina darzana meM AtmA kI sattA pratyakSa aura anumAnAdi sabala aura akATya pramANoM dvArA siddha kI gayI hai / zvetAmbara - Agama AcArAMgAdi meM yadyapi tarka mUlaka svatantra rUpa se AtmAstitva sAdhaka yuktiyA~ nahIM haiM phira bhI aneka aise prasaMga haiM jinase AtmAstitva para prakAza par3atA hai / udAharaNa ke taura para AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha meM kahA gayA hai 'jo bhavAntara meM dizAvidizA meM ghUmatA rahA, vaha maiM hU~ / " yahA~ para 'maiM' pada se AtmA kA astitva 1. brahmasUtra, zAMkara bhASya, 21317, pR0 542 2. sarvo hyAtmAstitvaM pratyeti, na nAhamasmIti / vahI, 1. 1. 1, pR0 26 3. AtmA tu pramANAdivyavahArAzrayatvAt prAgeva pramANAdivyavahArAtsidhyati / - vahI, 2. 3. 7, pR0 542 4. bhAratIya darzana : saMpAdaka DA0 na0 ki0 devarAja, pR0 515 5. na cedRzasya nirAkaraNaM saMbhavati / AgantukaM hi vastu nirAkriyate na svarUpam / ya eva nirAkartA tadeva tasya svarUpaM / / brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya, 2 / 3 / 7 6. tasmAt svata eva pratyAgAtmA, na iptimAtram / ahaMbhAvavigame ...... / brahmasUtra zrIbhASya 1 / 1 / 1 7. AcArAMga sUtra, 1 / 1 / 1 / 4

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 55 siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra digambara AmnAya ke SaTkhaMDAgama meM AtmA kA vivecana to kiyA gayA hai kintu usakI sattA siddha karane vAle svataMtra tarkoM kA prayoga nahIM huaa| kundakundAcArya ke samayasAra, niyamasAra pravacanasAra evaM paMcAstikAya pramukha AdhyAtmika granthoM meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| kundakundAcArya ke bAda umAsvAmI ke tattvArthasUtra meM AtmA kA sAmAnya vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / svAmI samantabhadra-siddhasena se tArkika yuga prArambha hotA hai| pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva bhaTTa, vidyAnanda, haribhadra, jinabhadragaNi, prabhAcandra, malliSeNa aura guNaratna Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmAstitvasiddhi ko mahattvapUrNa mAnakara vibhinna yuktiyoM se usakI sattA siddha kI hai| yahA~ kucha pramukha AcAryoM ke AtmasAdhaka tarka prastuta kiye jAte haiM / 1. pUjyapAdAcArya: prANApAna kArya dvArA Atma-astitva kA boSa : pUjyapAdAcArya ne sarvArthasiddhi meM AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki zvAsocchvAsa rUpa kArya se kriyAvAn AtmA kA astitva usI prakAra siddha hai jisa prakAra yantramUrti kI ceSTAoM se usake prayoktA kA astitva siddha hotA hai|' akalaMkadevabhaTTa ne tattvArthavArtika meM pUjyapAdAcArya ke isa tarka ko saMvardhita karate hue kahA hai ki zvAsocchvAsa rUpI kriyAeM binA kAraNa ke nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki ye kriyAe~ niyamapUrvaka hotI haiN| vijJAnAdi amUrta haiM isalie unameM preraNA zakti kA abhAva hotA hai, ataH ve ina kriyAoM ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakate hai / akalaMkadeva ne yaha bhI kahA ki rUpaskandha ke dvArA bhI kriyAe~ nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki rUpa skandha acetana hai| ataH siddha hai ki zvAsocchvAsa rUpa kArya kA jo kartA hai, vahI AtmA hai / 2 syAdvAdamaMjarI meM malliSeNa ne bhI prANApAna kI kriyA se AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| 2. akalaMkadevabhaTTa : akalaMkadevabhaTTa ne tattvArthavArtika' meM AtmAstitva-siddhi nimnAMkita toM dvArA kI hai : (ka) bAdhaka-pramANa ke abhAva se AtmAstitva-siddhi : akalaMkadeva kA kahanA hai ki anAtmavAdiyoM kA yaha tarka ki AtmA ke utpAdaka koI kAraNa 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 5 / 19, pR0 288 2. tattvArthavArtika, 5 / 19 / 38, pR0 473 3deg syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA0 17, 10 174 4. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 8 / 18-20, pR0 121-23

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56 : jaina darzana meM Atma-vicAra nahIM hai isalie meMDhaka kI coTI kI taraha AtmA kA abhAva hai, ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki unakA hetu asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika doSa se dUSita hai|' (a) 'akAraNatvAt' hetu asiddha isalie hai ki isase AtmA kA abhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| nara-nArakAdi paryAyoM se pRthak AtmA nahIM milatA hai aura ina paryAyoM kI utpatti mithyA darzanAdi kAraNoM se hotI hai / ataH AtmA kI sattA asiddha nahIM hai / paryAyoM se bhinna Atmadravya kI sattA (sambhava) nahIM hai isalie pratipakSI kA 'akAraNatvAt' hetu AzrayAsiddha doSa se bhI dUSita hai / 2 (A) 'akAraNatvAt hetu viruddha doSa se dUSita hai kyoMki yaha hetu AtmA kA abhAva siddha na karake usakA sadbhAva siddha karatA hai, sabhI ghaTAdi padArtha svabhAva se hI sat hai, kisI kAraNa vizeSa se nahIM / jo sat hotA hai vaha akAraNa hI hotA hai / kundakundAcArya ne bhI sat ko utpAdAdi rahita kahA hai| jo svayaM sat hai vaha nitya hI (nityavRtti) hai / use apane astitva ke lie kisI anya kAraNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| isake viparIta kAraNa janya kArya asat hI hotA hai / (i) 'akAraNatvAt' hetu anaikAntika doSa se bhI dUSita hai / kyoMki 'maNDUka-zikhaNDa' bhI nAsti isa pratyaya ke hone se sat to hai lekina usake utpAdaka kAraNa nahIM haiN| isake atirikta pratipakSiyoM dvArA diyA gayA udAharaNa 'maNDUka-zikhaNDa' dRSTAntAbhAsa se dUSita bhI hai / (kha) sakala pratyakSa se AtmAstitva-siddhi : AcArya akalaMkadevabhaTTa AtmavAdiyoM se kahate haiM ki AtmA kA pratyakSa nahIM hone se usakA abhAva hai, aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki indriya nirapekSa Atmajanya kevala jJAna rUpa sakala pratyakSa ke dvArA zuddhAtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai, aura deza pratyakSa avadhi aura manaHparyAya jJAna ke dvArA karma-nokarma saMyukta azuddhAtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai / 1. tattvArthavArtika : akalaMkadeva, 2 / 8 / 18, pR0 121 2. vahI, 2 / 8 / 18, pR0 121 3. paMcAstikAya, gA0 15 / aura bhI dekheM-pravacanasAra, gAthA 10 evaM 98 kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA : 4. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 8 / 18, 10 121 5. (ka) jadi kevaleNa NAdaM havadi hi jIveNa pakcakkhaM-pracanasAra, _gAthA 58 (kha) sarvadravyaparyAyaviSayaM sakalam / nyAyadIpikA, pu0 36 6. vahI 7. tattvArthavArtika 2 / 8 / 18, pR0 123

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 57 (ga) indriya pratyakSa se AtmA kA pratyakSa na hone se usakA abhAva siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki indriya pratyakSa jaina darzana meM parokSa mAnA gayA hai' / ghaTAdi parokSa haiM kyoMki agrAhaka nimitta kAraNoM se dhUpa se anumita agni kI taraha grAhya hote haiM / indriyA~ agrAhaka haiM kyoMki unake naSTa ho jAne para smRti utpanna hotI hai / jisa prakAra khir3akI ke naSTa ho jAne para usake dvArA dekhane vAlA vidyamAna rahatA hai usI prakAra indriyoM se dekhane vAle AtmA kI sattA rahatI hai / eka prazna ke uttara meM akalaMkadeva kA kahanA hai ki yadi bauddha vijJAna ko svasaMvedana tathA yogiyoM ke pratyakSa mAnate haiM to svasaMvedana tathA yogiyoM ke pratyakSa mAnanA cAhie / AtmA ko bhI (gha) saMkalanAtmaka jJAna se AtmAstitva- siddhi : akalaMkadevabhaTTa ne anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI taraha indriya saMkalanAtmaka jJAna dvArA AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki indriya aura unase utpanna jJAnoM meM 'jo maiM dekhatA hU~ vahI maiM cakhatA hU~' ekatvaviSayaka phala nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / lekina isa prakAra kA ekatva viSayaka jJAna hotA hai / ataH sabhI indriyoM dvArA jAne gaye viSayoM evaM jJAnoM meM ekasUtratA dekhane vAle grahItA ( ke rUpa meM) AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai / AtmasvabhAva ke hone para hI jJAna aura viSayoM kI prApti hotI hai / indriyoM se aisA nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki ve acetana evaM kSaNika haiM, ataH indriyoM se bhinna kala jJAna aura viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAlA koI honA cAhie aura jo aisA hai vahI AtmA hai / malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI meM bhI saMkalanAtmaka jJAna ke dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai / (Ga) saMzaya dvArA AtmAstitva-siddhi : bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne saMzaya dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki "AtmA hai" isa prakAra kA hone vAlA jJAna yadi saMzaya rUpa hai to AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai, kyoMki avastu kA saMzaya nahIM hotA hai / jisakA astitva nahIM hai usake viSaya meM saMzaya hone kA prazna hI nahIM hotA hai / anAtmavAdiyoM ko AtmA ke viSaya meM saMzaya 1. jaM paido viNNANaM taM tu parokkhatti / pravacanasAra gA0 58 2. tattvArthavArtika, 2 8 18, pR0 122 3. vahI 4. tato vyatiriktena kenacidbhavitavyamiti gRhItRsiddhiH / tattvArthavArtika 2819, pR0 122 5. syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 17, pR0 173 6. tattvArthavArtika, 28 20, pR0 123

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58 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hotA hai, isalie siddha hai ki AtmA kI sattA hai / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM saMzaya dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha karake bhaTTAkalaMkadeva kA anukaraNa kiyA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki "jIva hai yA nahIM" yaha saMzayajJAna hai, aura jJAna hI jIva hai, ataH sazayajJAna se AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai / jinabhadragaNi ne isa viSaya meM dUsarA tarka yaha diyA hai ki saMzaya karane vAlA koI cetana padArtha hI ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra saMzaya karane vAle ke rUpa meM saMzayI AtmA kI sattA siddha ho jAtI hai / (ca) akalaMkadeva kA kahanA hai ki 'AtmA hai' yaha jJAna anadhyavasAya nahIM ho sakatA hai; kyoMki anAdikAla se pratyeka vyakti AtmA kA anubhava karatA hai / isa jJAna ko viparyaya mAnane se bhI AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai; kyoMki aprasiddha padArtha kA viparyaya jJAna nahIM hotA hai / isa prakAra AtmA kI sattA siddha hai / (cha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki kisI vastu yA vyakti ke prati acAnaka rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti ke hone se siddha hai ki pahale usa vastu ke dvArA sukha-duHkha kA anubhava huA thA / ataH rAgAdi kI pravRtti se AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai / (ja) AtmA kI svatantra sattA siddha karate hue akalaMkadeva ne nyAyavinizcaya meM eka yaha bhI yukti dI haiM ki tatkAla utpanna zizu kI mA~ ke stanapAna karane kI abhilASA pUrvAnubhava pUrvaka hI sambhava hai / ataH aise padArtha kI sattA avazya hai jisameM pUrvAnubhava ke saMskAra vidyamAna rahate haiM aura jo caitanyavAn hai / anantavIrya ne bhI prameyaratnamAlA meM tadaharjAta zizu ke dugdhapAna kI abhilASA se AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai / dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM harizcandra kavi ne kahA hai ki turanta utpanna bAlaka ke mA~ kA stanapAna karane kA kAraNa pUrvabhava ke saMskAra ke alAvA anya nahIM hai / isalie yaha jIva nayA utpanna nahIM hotA hai / isa pUrva janma ke saMskAra ke AdhAra svarUpa AtmA kA astitva avazya hai, jisakA punarjanma hotA hai / 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya; gaNadharavAda, gA0 1556 2. vahI, gA0 1554 3. vahI, gA0 1557 4. tattvArthavArtikaH bhaTTa, 28 20, pR0 123 5. nyAyavinizcaya : laghIyastraya, pR0 64 6. vahI, 2 / 250-51 7. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 4 69

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 59 (jha) akalaMka deva ne pUrvabhava tathA jAti Adi ke smaraNa se AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai / rAkSasa, vyantara, Adi aneka jIva pUrva janma kI ghaTanAe~ sunAyA karate haiM / pUrvabhava kI smRti saMskAra pUrvaka hotI hai, ataH pUrvabhava ke smaraNa se donoM janma meM rahane vAle dhAraNA jJAna ke dhAraka ke rUpa meM caitanyavAn AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai ' / anantavIrya ke prameyaratnamAlA meM bhI isI yukti se AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra akalaMka ne vibhinna yuktiyoM se AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai / 3. AcArya jinabhadragaNi zramaNa : AcArya jinabhadra ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM nimnAMkita anumAna pramANa dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai / (ka) guNoM ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM Atma-siddhi : jinabhadragaNi ne smaraNAdi vijJAna rUpa guNoM ke AdhAra para AtmA kA astitva siddha karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai, kyoMki usake smaraNAdi vijJAna rUpa guNoM kA svasaMvedana pratyakSa hotA hai / jisa guNI ke guNoM kA pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai usakA bhI pratyakSa hotA hai / jaise ghaTa rUpa guNa ke rUpAdi guNoM ke pratyakSa anubhava hone se ghaTa kA pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke guNa jJAnAdi kA pratyakSa anubhava hone se AtmA kA bhI pratyakSa anubhava honA mAnanA cAhie / yadi guNa aura guNI ko bhinna mAnane vAle jJAna guNa se AtmA rUpa guNa kI sattA svIkAra na kareM to rUpAdi guNoM kA AdhAra ghaTAdi padArthoM kI bhI sattA nahIM mAnanI cAhie / ataH smaraNAdi guNoM dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai / SaTdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM guNaratna sUri ne bhI jJAna guNa ke dvArA Atma-dravya ko sattA siddha kI hai / inakA kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra rUpAdi guNa apane dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM usI prakAra jJAna guNa kA bhI koI Azrita dravya honA cAhie, kyoMki guNa binA dravya ke nahIM raha sakatA hai / ataH jJAna guNa jisa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM, vahI AtmA hai / amRtacandra sUri, malli - SeNa sUri, prabhAcandrAcArya Adi AcAryoM ne bhI jJAna ko AtmA kA asAdhAraNa guNa mAna kara usake guNI ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai" / 1. nyAyavinizcaya : laghIyastraya, 2 / 249 2. prameyaratnamAlA : anantavIrya, pR0 296 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : gaNadharavAda, gA0 1558-60 4. SaTdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, pR0 230 5. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA, pariziSTa : : pR0 554-555

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60 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (kha) indriyoM ke adhiSThAtA ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva-siddhi : nyAyavaizeSikAdi bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI taraha jinabhadragaNa ne indriyoM ke adhiSThAtA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA sidadha karate hue kahA hai ki indriyA~ karaNa haiM, isalie inakA koI adhiSThAtA usI prakAra honA cAhie jaise daMDAdi karaNoM kA adhiSThAtA kumbhakAra hotA hai / jisakA koI adhiSThAtA nahIM hotA hai, AkAza kI taraha vaha karaNa bhI nahIM hotA hai| indriyA~ karaNa haiM ataH unakA jo adhiSThAtA hai vahI AtmA hai / prabhAcandrAcArya evaM guNaratna sUri ne bhI indriyoM ko basulA Adi kI taraha karaNa mAna kara unake preraka ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai| (ga) zarIra ke kartA ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva-siddhi : jimabhadragaNi ne zarIra ke kartA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki vidyamAna zarIra ghar3e kI taraha sAdi evaM niyata AkAra vAlA hai, ataH ghar3e ke kartA kI taraha deha kA koI kartA avazya honA cAhie / jisakA koI kartA nahIM hotA hai usakA koI sAdi evaM nizcita AkAra bhI nahIM hotA hai, jaise bAdala hai / bAdala sAdi evaM nizcita AkAra vAlA nahIM hai isalie usakA koI kartA bhI nahIM hai / zarIra ke niyata AkAravAn evaM sAdi hone se siddha hai ki isakA koI banAne vAlA hai aura jo isa zarIra kA kartA hai vahI AtmA hai / malliSaNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI meM aura SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM guNaratna sUri ne bhI AtmA kI sattA siddha karane ke lie yaha tarka diyA hai| (gha) AdAtA ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva-siddhi : jinabhadragaNi ne AtmA ko siddhi ke lie eka yaha bhI tarka diyA hai ki indriya aura viSayoM meM grAhaka-grAhya (AdAna-Adeya) bhAva sambandha hai, inakA koI grahaNa karane vAlA bhI honA cAhie kyoMki jahAM AdAna-Adeya bhAva hotA hai vahAM usakA AdAtA bhI hotA hai jaise udAhANArtha saMDaso aura lohe meM AdAna-Adeya sambandha hai aura usako grahaNa (kha) syAdvAdamaJjarI kArikA 17, pR0 174 (ga) nyAyakumudacandra : pR0 349 1. vizeSAvaSyaka bhASya, gA0 1567 2. (ka) nyAyakumudacandra, pa0 349 / (kha) prameyakamala mArtaNDa : prabhAcandra, pR0 113 / (ga) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA : guNaratna, pR0 2 / 28 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1567 4. (ka) syAdvAdamaMjarI kA0 11, pR0 174 / (ka) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pRSTha 228 /

Page #76
bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 61 karane vAlA luhAra hotA hai / isI prakAra indriya aura viSaya meM AdAna-Adeya sambandha hone se unake AdAtA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai| (Ga) zarIrAdi ke bhoktA rUpa meM AtmAstitva-siddhi : zarIrAdi ke rUpa AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue jinabhadragaNi ne kahA ki jisa prakAra bhojana evaM vastrAdi padArtha yogya hone se puruSa unakA bhoktA hotA hai, usI prakAra dehAdi bhojanAdi kI taraha yogya hone se inakA koI bhoktA avazya honA cAhie kyoMki bhogya padArtha svayaM apane bhoktA nahIM hote haiM / ataH dehAdi kA jo bhoktA hai, vahI AtmA hai / vidyAnanda evaM guNaratna sUri ne bhI isa tarka dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai| (ca) dehAdi saMbAtoM ke svAmI ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva-siddhi : AcArya jinabhadragaNi ne sAMkhya dArzanikoM kI taraha yaha bhI eka tarka diyA hai ki zarIrAdi kA koI svAmI avazya honA cAhie kyoMki ye saMghAta rUpa hotA hai, usakA koI svAmI avazya hotA hai / jaise makAna saMghAta rUpa hai isalie gRhapati usakA svAmI hotA hai / isI prakAra dehAdi saMghAta rUpa vastuoM ke vidyamAna hone se unake svAmI kA anumAna hotA hai / jo inakA svAmI hai, vahI AtmA hai| (cha) vyutpattimUlaka hetu dvArA AtmAstitva-siddhi : jinabhadragaNi ne vyutpatti mUlaka hetu ke dvArA AtmA kA astitva siddha karate hue kahA hai ki 'jIva' pada 'ghaTa' pada ke samAna vyutpatti yukta zuddha pada hone ke kAraNa sArthaka honA cAhie / jo pada sArthaka nahIM hotA hai vaha vyutpattiyukta zuddha pada bhI nahIM hotA hai| udAharaNArtha Distha, kharaviSANAdi sArthaka na hone se vyutpatti yukta zuddha pada bhI nahIM hai / jIva pada vyutpattitayA zuddha hai, ataH usakA artha avazya honA cAhie / jIva pada kA artha zarIrAdi se bhinna jantu, prANI, sattva, AtmA Adi hai / ataH siddha hai ki AtmA kI sattA hai| AcArya vidyAnanda evaM malliSeNa ne bhI jova zabda ke vAcya ke rUpa meM AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| 4. haribhadrAcArya : haribhadrAcArya ne zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM bhUta caitanyavAda kA khaNDana karake AtmA ko sattA yuktiyoM dvArA siddha kI hai| unakA tarka hai 1. vizeSAvazyaka, gA0 1568 2. vahI, gAthA 1569 3. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TokA , pR0 229 4. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA0 1569 5. vizeSAvazyaka gA0 1571-75 6. satyazAsana parIkSA, pR0 15 / (kha) syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 17 pR0 174 /

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62 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ki AtmA cetanA kA AdhAra hai, isalie sadA sthitizIla tattva ke rUpa meM usakI sattA siddha hotI hai / isake atirikta eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki yahI tattva paraloka jAtA hai, isalie paralokI ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha hai| (ka) svasaMvedanapratyakSa se AtmAstitva-siddhi : ahaM pratyakSa (svasaMvedana pratyakSa) se AtmAstitva-siddhi karate hue AcArya haribhadra ne kahA hai ki 'ahaM' pratyakSa dvArA hameM AtmA kA pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai| svAmI vidyAnanda, vIranandi, prabhAcandra, malliSeNa evaM guNaratna Adi AcAryoM ne svasaMvedana pratyakSa se AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra 'sukha'-'duHkha' kA sva-saMvedana pratyakSa dvArA astitva siddha hotA hai usI prakAra 'maiM sukhI hU~' 'maiM duHkhI hU~' ityAdi vAkyoM meM 'maiM' pratyakSa ke dvArA atIndriya AtmA kI svatantra sattA siddha hotI hai / 'maiM hU~' yaha jJAna bhrAnta nahIM hai aura na isase zarIrAdi kA bodha hotA hai / haribhadra kA kahanA hai ki AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnanA anubhava siddha hai aura AtmA kA hI svabhAva hai| isa prakAra 'maiM' viSayaka pratyakSa anubhava se svayaM jyoti svarUpa AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai / 5. AcArya vidyAnanda : (ka) gauNa kalpanA se AtmAstitva-bodha : AcArya vidyAnanda ne AtmA ko sattA siddha karane ke lie eka yaha bhI tarka diyA hai ki citra dekhakara puruSa kahatA hai ki yaha sajIva citra hai / yadyapi citra ajIva hai lekina usameM jIva kI goNa kalpanA kI gayI hai| yadi jIva kA astitva na hotA to yaha citra sajIva hai aisA kathana nahIM honA caahie| isa prakAra kI gauNa kalpanAoM se siddha hai ki koI sajIva padArtha hai, aura jo sajIva padArtha hai vahI AtmA hai / " 1. evaM caitanyavAnAtma siddhaH satatabhAvataH / paralokyapi vijJeyo...... / ""zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 1178 2. astmeyeva darzanaM spaSTadahaMpratyayavedanAt |-vhii 179 3. (ka) tattvArthazlokavArtika, utthAnikA, kArikA 102 / (kha) tattvasaMsiddhiH zloka 13,19 evaM 30 / (ga) nyAya kumuda caMda, pR0 343 / (gha) prameyakamalamArtaNDa: pR0 112 / (Da) syAdvAda-maMjarI kArikA 17, pR0 232 (ca) SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA sUri, pR0 202-221 4. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, kArikA 1580-87 5. satyazAsana parIkSA, pR0 14 .

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 63 lokarUr3hi artha dvArA AtmAstitva-siddhi : vidyAnanda AcArya ne aSTasahasrI meM kahA hai ki loka vyavahAra meM kahA jAtA hai ki 'jIva calA gayA yA jIva hai' / loka vyavahAra meM prayukta hone vAle vAkyoM meM jIva pada ke dvArA AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai, kyoMki loka vyavahAra meM prayukta hone vAle zabda sattAvAn padArthoM ko sUcita karate haiN| yahAM para yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki 'jova' zabda indriyAdi kA sUcaka hai kyoMki yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki indriyAdi bhoga ke sAdhana haiM, jaba ki AtmA bhoktA hai / ataH siddha hai ki bhoktA AtmA ke lie jIva zabda rUDhi artha meM prasiddha hai / (ga) paralokI ke rUpa meM : paraloka gamana kartA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue AcArya vidyAnanda ne kahA hai ki mRtyu ke bAda zarIra yahIM jalA diyA jAtA hai / puNya pApa ke prabhAva se paraloka jAne vAlA aisA tattva avazya hai jA paraloka jAtA hai / anyathA saMsAra aura mokSa kI jAegI / ataH jo tattva paraloka jAtA hai, vahI AtmA hai / vyavasthA naSTa ho (gha) mAgama pramANa se AtmAstitva-siddhi : vidyAnanda ne uparyukta pramANoM ke atirikta Agama se AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki Apta praNIta Agama se bhI jIva hai yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai / 6. vAdIbhasiMha : AcArya vAdIbhasiMha ne syAdvAdasiddhi meM arthApatti pramANa dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue karate hue kahA hai ki dharmAdi kA kartA AtmA hai, anyathA sukha-duHkha nahIM hote / sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, isalie dharmAdi kA kartA AtmA hai / isa prakAra arthApatti pramANa se AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai5 / 7. AcArya prabhAcandra : AcArya prabhAcandra ne pUrvavartI AcAryoM dvArA AtmA ke astitva ke lie pratipAdita tarkoM ke alAvA nimnAMkita tarka bhI diye haiM- 1. aSTasahastrI, pR0 248 2. ki tahi bhoktayervAtmani jIva iti rUDhiH / - vahI, 248-49 3. satyazAsana parIkSA, pR0 18 4. vahI, pR0 16 5. dharmAdikAryasiddha zya tatkartA cApi siddhayati / kAryaM hI kartRsApekSaM taddharmAdi sukhAvaham // ityarthApattitaH siddhassa AtmA paralokamAk // -- syAdvAdasiddhi kArikA 9-10

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64 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (ka) dravya ke rUpa meM Atma-sattA-siddhi : zabda, rUpa aura rasAdi jJAna kisI AzrayabhUta dravya meM rahate haiM kyoMki ve guNa haiM / jo guNa hote haiM ve apane Azrita dravya meM rahate haiM / jaise rUpAdi guNa ghar3e ke Azrita rahate haiM / zabdAdi guNa jisa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM, vahI AtmA hai'| guNaratna sUri ne bhI yahI kahA hai / (kha) upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM Atma-siddhi : prabhAcandrAcArya kahate haiM ki jJAna, sukha Adi kAryoM kA koI upAdAna kAraNa avazya hai, kyoMki ye kArya haiM / jo kArya hotA hai usakA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai / jaise 'ghaTa' kArya hone se miTTI usakA upAdAna kAraNa hai| ataH jJAna, sukha Adi kA jo upAdAna kAraNa hai, vahI AtmA hai| guNaratna suri dvArA racita SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI guNaratna TIkA meM yaha tarka upalabdha hotA hai / (ga) zarIra ke niyantraka ke rUpa meM Atma-siddhi : prabhAcandrAcArya kA kahanA hai ki jIvita zarIra kisI kI preraNA dvArA saMcAlita hotA hai kyoMki yaha zarIra icchAnusAra kriyA karatA hai / jo icchAnusAra kriyA karatA hai usakA saMcAlana avazya hotA hai| jaise ratha kA saMcAlaka rathI hotA hai, usI prakAra isa zarIra kA jo saMcAlaka hai vahI AtmA hai / guNaratlasari ne bhI isa tarka kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / nyAyavaizeSika dArzanikoM ne bhI yaha tarka diyA hai| (gha) indriyoM ke preraka ke rUpa meM mAtma-siddhi : prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki zrotrAdi indriyA~ karaNa haiM, ataH unakA koI preraka honA cAhie, kyoMki jo karaNa hote haiM, ve prerita hokara hI apanA kArya karate haiN| jaise basulA bar3haI se prerita hokara chedanAdi kriyA karatA hai| zrotrAdi indriyA~ jisase prerita hokara kArya karatI hai, vahI AtmA hai| malliSeNa sUri evaM guNaratna sUri ne bhI yahI kahA hai| 1. (ka) nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 348 / (kha) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 112 2. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA, pR0 329 3. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 649 4. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA, pR0 229 5. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 349 6. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA, pR0 228 7. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 113 8. (ka) syAdvAdamaMjarI pR0 173 / (kha) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA (guNaratnasUri), pR0 228 www.jainelibrary:org

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 65 8. malliSeNa sUri : malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI meM pahale ke AcAryoM ke atirikta nimnAMkita takoM dvArA AtmAstitva siddha kiyA hai : (ka) kartA ke rUpa meM : malliSeNa ne rUpAdi guNoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki rUpa Adi guNoM kI upalabdhi kartA pUrvaka hI sambhava hai kyoMki 'upalabdhi honA' kriyA hai, jo kriyA hotI hai usakA kartA avazya hotA hai / jisa prakAra kATane rUpa kriyA kA koI kartA avazya hotA hai usI prakAra dekhane, jAnane rUpa kriyA kA bhI koI kartA honA cAhie aura jo inakA kartA hai vahI AtmA hai|' yaha ullekha kara cuke haiM ki indriyA~ karaNa aura acetana haiM isalie ve kartA nahIM ho sakatI haiN| ataH kartA ke rUpa meM AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai / (ba) zarIra ke madhiSThAtA ke rUpa meM AtmAstitvA-siddhi : malliSeNa sUri ne zarIra ke adhiSThAtA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki hita rUpa sAdhanoM kA grahaNa aura ahita rUpa sAdhanoM kA tyAga prayatnapUrvaka hI hotA hai kyoMki vaha viziSTa kriyA hai| jitanI viziSTa kriyAe~ hotI haiM, ve prayatnapUrvaka hI hotI haiN| udAharaNArtha jaise ratha kI calane vAlI viziSTa kriyA sArathI ke prayatna se hotI hai, usI prakAra zarIra kI vyavasthita yA viziSTa kriyA bhI kisI ke prayatnapUrvaka hotI hai| jisake prayatna se yaha kriyA hotI hai vahI AtmA hai| isa prakAra zarIra rUpa ratha ke sArathI ke rUpa meM AtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai| (ga) jisa prakAra vAyu kI sahAyatA se camar3e kI dhauMkanI ko phUkane vAlA koI vyakti hotA hai usI prakAra zvAsocchvAsa rUpa vAyu se zarIra rUpI dhauMkanI ko phUkane vAlA bhI koI caitanya honA cAhie aura jo aisA hai vahI AtmA hai| (gha) jisa prakAra kaThaputaliyoM kI kI palakoM kA khulanA aura banda honA kisI vyakti ke adhIna hotA hai usI prakAra zarIra kI icchA bhI kisI ke adhIna honI cAhie, jisake adhIna nimeSonmeSa rUpa icchAe~ hotI haiM vahI AtmA hai| 1. syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 17, pR0 174 2. syAdvAdamajarI kA0 17, pR0 174 3. vahI : pR0 174 4. vahI

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66 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (Ga) mana ke preraka ke rUpa meM : malliSeNa kA kahanA hai ki niyata padArthoM kI ora mana kI pravRtti ko dekhakara siddha hotA hai ki usakA preraka kartA avazya hI usI prakAra honA cAhie jaise bAlaka kI preraNA se pheMkI gayI geMda niyata sthAna para pahu~catI hai | ataH jo mana ko prerita karatA hai vahI AtmA hai / " (ca) paryAya dvArA AtmAstitva siddhi : malliSeNa ne siddha karane ke lie eka yaha bhI tarka diyA hai ki jisa Adi paryAyeM miTTI dravya kI hotI haiM usI prakAra cetana, kSetrajJa jIva, pudgala Adi paryAya kisI dravya kI sUcaka haiM / jo dravya nahIM hotA hai, usakI paryAyeM bhI nahIM hotI haiM, jaise chaThA bhUta nahIM hai / isalie usakI paryAyeM bhI nahIM hotI haiM / ataH cetanAdi paryAyoM kA jo dravya hai vahI AtmA hai / AtmA kA astitva prakAra ghar3A, kalaza 9. guNaratna sUri : guNaratna sUri ne AtmA kI sattA siddha karane ke lie jina viziSTa tarkoM ko apanAyA hai ve nimnAMkita haiM (ka) ajIva ke pratipakSI ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva-siddhi : guNaratna sUri ne isa tarka dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki 'ajItra' zabda kA pratipakSI 'jIva' kA astitva avazya hai, kyoMki ajIva zabda vyutpatti siddha aura zuddha pada kA pratiSedha karatA hai / jisa niSedhAtmaka zabda ke dvArA vyutpattimAna aura zuddha pada kA pratiSedha hotA hai usakA pratipakSI avazya hotA hai / jaise 'aghaTa' rUpa niSedhAtmaka zabda dvArA vyutpattimAna evaM zuddha pada ghaTa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai isalie aghaTa kA pratipakSI ghaTa avazya hai / jisa niSedhAtmaka zabda kA pratipakSI nahIM hotA hai vaha vyutpatti siddha zuddha pada kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai / jaise akharaviSANa tathA Dittha / kintu ajIva niSedhavAcI zabda yaugika tathA akhaNDajIva pada kA niSedha karatA hai / isalie ajIva ke pratipakSI jIva kA astitva avazya hai | 3 (kha) niSedha dvArA AtmAstitva-siddhi : 'AtmA nahIM haiM' isa prakAra AtmA ke niSedha se AtmA kA astitva hotA hai| kyoMki niSedha bhAvI hai / jisa prakAra 'ghaTa nahIM hai' yaha ghaTa kA niSedha astitva kA avinA anyatra ghaTa ke astitva ke binA ho sakatA hai, usI prakAra 'jIva nahIM hai' isa prakAra jIva ke niSedha se 1. syAdvAdamaJjarI, kA0 17, pR0 174 2 . vahI 3. SaTdarzana samuccaya TIkA : guNaratnasUri, kA0 40, pR0 230

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bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva : 67 jIva (AtmA) kA astitva siddha hotA hai / yadi AtmA kA astitva na hotA to usakA chaThe bhUta kI taraha niSedha bhI sambhava nahIM hotA / AtmA niSedha hotA hai, ataH siddha hai ki AtmA kI sattA / isa prakAra samasta AtmavAdI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne bahumukhI sabala, abAdhya evaM nirdoSa yuktiyoM dvArA anAtmavAdiyoM ke tarkoM kA nirAkaraNa karake siddha kara diyA ki zarIrAdi se bhinna AtmA kI svatantra sattA vAstavika hai, kAlpanika nahIM / vaidika aura jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA kA astitva siddha karane ke lie jo tarka diye haiM unameM kevala zAbdika bheda haiM, vAstavika nahIM / pAraoffen yA atIndriya pratyakSa arthAt kevalajJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura avadhijJAna dvArA AtmA kA pratyakSa siddha karanA jaina dArzanikoM kI apanI maulika vizeSatA hai /

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dUsarA adhyAya Atma-svarUpa-vimarza (ka) AtmA kA svarUpa aura usakA vivecana : ____ nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA aura vedAnta darzana meM jise 'AtmA' aura sAMkhyayoga darzana meM 'puruSa' kahA gayA hai, vahI tattva jaina darzana meM 'AtmA' yA 'jIva' kahalAtA hai / hama isa bAta kA ullekha kara Aye haiM ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM ke mAnya AgamoM meM AtmA zarIrAdi se bhinna caitanyasvarUpa tattva hai / kundakundAcArya aura unake uttaravartI AcAryoM ne do dRSTiyoM se AtmasvarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai-pAramArthika dRSTikoNa aura vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa / dRSTikoNa ko jaina-darzana meM naya kahate haiN| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se naya do prakAra ke hote haiM-nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya / ' pAramArthika dRSTi hI nizcaya naya hai / kundakundAcArya ne nizcaya naya ko bhUtArtha arthAt vastu ke zuddhasvarUpa kA grAhaka aura vyavahAra naya ko abhUtArtha arthAt vastu ke azuddhasvarUpa kA vivecaka kahA hai| AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa kA vivecana zuddha nizcaya naya se aura usake azuddhasvarUpa kA vivecana vyavahAra naya tathA azuddha nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai / AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA vivecana kundakunda Adi AcAryoM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM bhAvAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka donoM dRSTiyoM se kiyA hai| bhAvAtmaka paddhati meM unhoMne batAyA ki AtmA kyA hai, aura niSedhAtmaka paddhati meM unhoMne batalAyA ki bauddha darzana kI bhAMti pudgala, usakI paryAya tathA anya dravya AtmA nahIM haiN| __zuddhAtma-svarUpa vivecana-kundakundAcArya ne kahA hai ki nizcaya naya kI apekSA se zuddhAtmA baMdhavihIna, nirapekSa, svAzrita, acala, nisaMga evaM jJApaka jyotimAtra hai| samayasAra meM kahA hai ki nizcaya naya kI apekSA se AtmA na pramatta hai, na apramatta hai aura na jJAna, darzana, cAritra svarUpa hai, vaha to ekamAtra jJAyaka hai / AtmA ananya, zuddha ( niSkalaMka ) evaM upayoga svarUpa hai| rasa, rUpa aura gandharahita, avyakta, caitanyaguNa yukta, zabda rahita, cakSurAdi indriyoM se agocara, 1. devasena : nayacakra, gA0 183 2. samayasAra, gA0 11 3. vahI, gA0 14-15, 56

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 69 aliMga evaM pudgalAkAra rahita hai|' varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, rUpa, zarIra, saMsthAna, saMhanana, rAga, dveSa, moha, pratyaya, karma, varga, vargaNA, spardhaka, adhyavasAya, anubhAga, yoga, baMdha, udaya, mArgaNA, sthitibaMdha, saMkaleza sthAna, saMyamalabdhi, jIvasamAsa Adi AtmA ke guNa nahIM haiM, AtmA ina sabase bhinna hai| niyamasAra meM bhI kahA hai ki AtmA nirgrantha, vItarAga, niHzalya hai| doSa, kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM bheda rahita hai| isI prakAra AtmA nAraka, tiyaMca, nara evaM deva paryAyoM ko dhAraNa nahIM karatA hai, isalie vaha ina paryAyoM kA rUpa bhI nahIM hai| paramAtmaprakAza meM bhI isI prakAra zuddhAtmA kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki "na maiM mArgaNA sthAna hU~, na guNasthAna hU~, na jIvasamAsa hU~, na bAlaka, vRddha, yuvA avasthA rUpa huuN"|" iSTopadeza meM bhI yahI kahA hai| niyamasAra kI tAtparyabRtti TIkA meM kahA gayA hai-"samasta karmoM ko tyAga kara niSkarma rUpI AtmA meM pravRtta hote hue muni ( RSigaNa ) azaraNa na ho kara jJAna-svarUpa AtmA meM AcaraNa karate haiM aura parama amRta kA anubhava karate haiM / maiM (AtmA) mana, vacana, kAya aura indriya utpanna icchAoM ko, saMsAra rUpI samudra se utpanna moharUpa jalajantuoM ko, sonA, strI Adi ko ananta vizuddha dhyAnamayI zakti se tyAgatA huuN|" isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki AtmA vaibhAvika pariNAma nahIM hai / paramAtmaprakAza meM kahA hai-"jo kevalajJAna svabhAva, kevaladarzana svabhAva, anantasukhamaya, anantavIyasvabhAva hai, vaha AtmA hai" / ' AtmA kabhI bhI apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA hai, parabhAva ko nahIM dhAraNa karatA hai / mAtra sabako dekhatA evaM jAnatA hai| AtmA eka arthAt karmAdi ke saMsarga se rahita akelA hai| zAzvata, avinAzI, nitya, jJAna-darzana lakSaNa vAlA evaM samasta antaH bAhya vibhAvoM se rahita hai|' iSTopadeza tathA niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai|10 1. samayasAra, gA0 41 / 2. (a) vahI, gA0 50-5 / (ba) niyamasAra 3 / 38-46, 5 / 78 evaM 80 / 3. vahI, 3 / 44, vahI, 3 / 68 / paramAtmaprakAza, gA0 90 / 4. (a) paramAtmaprakAza gA0 91 / (ba) niyamasAra, 3179 / / 5. paramAtmaprakAza, gA0 92 / 6. iSTopadeza, zloka 29 / 7. niyamasAra, 3 / 99 / 8. paramAtmaprakAza 75 evaM niyamasAra 5 / 96 / 9. niyamasAra 5-6 / 102; paramAtmaprakAza 223 / 10. iSTopadeza, zloka 27; niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti, 102 /

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70 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra niyamasAra ke zuddhopayoga meM kahA hai ki nizcaya naya se AtmA janma, jarA, maraNa evaM utkRSTa karmoM se rahita, zuddha jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, svabhAvavAlI, kSaya, vinAza, cheda rahita, avyAbAdha, atIndriya, anupama, nitya, avicala, rUpa hai / ' samAdhi-tantra meM bhI pUjyapAdAcArya ne kahA hai ki zuddhAtmA indriyAtIta, agocara, svasaMvedya, anAdi, saMsiddha, nirvikalpa evaM zabdAtIta hai / jo paramAtmA hai vahI maiM hU~, jo maiM hU~ vahI paramAtmA hai, maiM hI mere dvArA upAsanA yogya hU~, apane meM sthita paramAnanda se paripUrNa hU~ / 3 maiM na napuMsaka hU~, na strI, na puruSa hU~, na eka, na do hU~, na bahuta hU~, na gorA hU~, na moTA hU~ aura na durbala hU~ / 4 AtmAnuzAsana" meM guNabhadrAcArya ne nizcayanaya kI apekSA se AtmasvarUpa batalAte hue likhA hai ki AtmA jJAnasvabhAva, zuddha, sampUrNa viSayoM kA jJAtA, amUrtika hai / 'maiM' maiM hI hU~, anya zarIrAdi mere nahIM haiM / amitagati ne bhI kundakundAcArya kI taraha zuddhAtmA kA varNana karate hue AtmA ko jJAna darzana svarUpa, rogAdi-rahita, avinAzI, caitanya svarUpa, atyanta sUkSma, avyaya, avinAzI, karmamala rahita, nirmala batalAyA hai / laghusAmAyika pATha meM bhI inhoMne uparyukta rUpa se AtmA kA svarUpa batalAyA hai / padmanandi muni ne bhI nizcayanaya se AtmA kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai [ ki AtmA caitanya svarUpa, eka, nirvikalpa, akhaNDa, ajanmA, paramazAntirUpa, sarvopAdhi se rahita, AnandAmRta kA AsvAdI, arhanta, jagannAtha, prabhu, Izvara hai, Atmajyoti kevalajJAna-darzana-sukha svabhAva vAlA evaM utkRSTa hai tattva ko dekha lene evaM jAna lene ke bAda kucha bhI dekhane-jAnane ko bAkI nahIM isa Atma 1. niyamasAra, 177, 178 / 2. samAdhitantra, zloka 24/51, 44 evaM 59 / 3. vahI, 31-2 | 4. vahI, 23, 70; paramAtmaprakAza, 80 / 5. AtmAnuzAsana, 74 / 6. vahI, 202 / 7. amitagati : zrAvakAcAra, zloka 14 / 89 / 8. yo darzanajJAnasukhasvabhAvaH, samasta saMsAra vikArabAhyaH / samAdhigamyaH paramAtma saMjJaH sa devadevo hRdaye mamAstAM // ekA sadA zAzvati ko mamAtmA vinirmitA / sAmAyikapATha ( amitagati ) 13, 26 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 71 rahatA hai' / yogendu deva ne yogasAra meM kahA hai ki jo paramAtmA hai vahI maiM hU~ aura jo maiM hU~ vahI paramAtmA hai / AtmA zuddha, sacetana, buddha, jina aura kevala - jJAna svabhAva vAlA hai / AtmA kaSAya, saMjJArahita, anantadarzana, ananta jJAna, ananta sukha, ananta voryasahita, daza prANoM se rahita, kSamAdi daza dharma aura daza guNasahita akelA evaM mana-vacana-kAya se rahita hai / AtmA hI arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, muni, ziva, zaMkara, viSNu, rudra, buddha, jina, Izvara, brahmA evaM ananta svarUpa hai / kulabhadrAcArya ne bhI sArasamuccaya meM padmanandi kI taraha zuddhAtmA kA svarUpa batalAyA hai" / rAmasenAcArya ne zuddha AtmA kA nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai - maiM zuddha AtmA ( nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se ) cetana hU~, asaMkhyAta pradezI hU~, amUrtika ( sparza rasagaMdhavarNarahita) hU~, siddharUpa hU~, jJAna-darzana lakSaNa vAlA hU~ | maiM anya ( parapadArtharUpa ) nahIM hU~, maiM anya (sAMsArika padArtha) nahIM hU~, maiM sAMsArika padArthoM kA sambandhI nahIM hU~, na anya ( sAMsArika padArtha) mere haiM, anya anya hai ( sAMsArika pudgala padArtha - pudgala padArtha hI haiM, ve AtmasvarUpa nahIM haiM) / 'maiM' 'maiM' hI hU~, anya pudgala padArthoM kA pudgala padArthoM se hI sambandha hai, maiM ( AtmA ) kA AtmA hI sambandhI hai / arthAt -- AtmA aura pudgala padArtha vibhinna vibhinna anya hai, maiM anya hU~, maiM cetana hU~, zarIra acetana hai, nAzavAna hai, maiM avinAzI huuN| maiM ( AtmA ) kabhI acetana aura na koI bhI acetana padArtha 'maiM' ( AtmA ) ho sakatA hai, maiM ( AtmA ) jJAna svarUpa hU~, koI bhI padArtha merA nahIM hai aura na 'maiM' kisI dUsare padArtha kA koI svarUpa vAle haiM / zarIra zarIra aneka rUpa hai, eka rUpa hU~, zarIra padArtha nahIM hotA hU~ 1. ekatva saptati, 15-20 / 2. yogasAra, 22 / 3. vahI, 59, 76-86 / 4. vahI, 104, 105 / 5. jJAna darzana sampannAtmA ceko dhruvo mama / zeSA bhAvAzca me bAhyA sarve saMyoga lakSaNAH // maiM sArasamuccaya : kulabhadrAcArya, 249 / 6. tathA hi cetano saMkhya pradezo mUrtivarjitaH / zuddhAtmA siddharUpo'smi jJAnadarzanalakSaNaH // - tattvAnuzAsana, 147 / 7. vahI, 148 - 189 /

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72 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hU~' / maiM sat dravyasvarUpa hU~, caitanya rUpa hU~, jJAtA hU~, draSTA hU~, udAsIna hU~, apane ( karmAnusAra ) prApta zarIra parimANa vAlA hU~, aura usa zarIra ko chor3ane ke bAda AkAza ke samAna amUrtika hU~ / jo kabhI kucha jAnatA nahIM haiM, jisane kabhI kucha jAnA nahIM hai aura jo na kabhI kucha jAnegA vaha zarIrAdi maiM ( AtmA ) nahIM hU~ jisane kabhI jAnA hai, jAnatA hai aura jAnegA aisA cetana lakSaNa vAlA maiM hU~ / yaha saMsAra svayaM mere lie na to iSTa hai, na mujhe isase koI dveSa hai, kintu upekSA yogya hai / isI prakAra se yaha AtmA bhI svabhAva se na rAga karane vAlA hai aura na dveSa karane vAlA hai kintu upekSA karane vAlA vItarAgI hai / 'maiM' samasta karma bhAvoM se bhinna jJAnasvabhAva aura udAsIna hU~ / isa prakAra AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko dekhanA cAhie re / saba jIvoM kA yaha svarUpa hai ki jisa taraha sUrya maNDala kA prakAzana kisI dUsare padArtha ke dvArA na hokara svayaM apane Apa prakAzita hotA hai aura sabhI ko prakAzita karatA hai, isI prakAra AtmA bhI sva-para padArthoM kA prakAzana karane vAlA hai / tattvasAra meM AcArya devasena ne bhI zuddha AtmA kA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA hai ki5- AtmA darzana jJAna svabhAva pradhAna hai, asaMkhyAta pradezI hai, mUrti rahita arthAt amUrtika hai, svadehaparimANa" hai / zuddha AtmA meM na krodha hai, na mAna hai, na mAyA hai, na lobha hai, na zalya hai, na lezyAeM haiM, na janma hai, na jarA hai, na maraNa hai, isalie maiM niraMjana AtmA hU~ / zuddhAtmA ke koI Tukar3e yA bheda nahIM haiM / samacaturasra, nyagrodhaparimaNDala, svAti, kubjaka, vAmana, sphaTika ina chaH saMsthAnoM meM se koI bhI saMsthAna AtmA ke nahIM haiM ( ye chaH saMsthAna zarIra ke hote haiM / ), na koI mArgaNA hai (karmodaya ke kAraNa saMsArI jIvoM kI jo vibhinna 1. acetanaM bhavennA'haM nA'hamabhyasmyacetanam / jJAnAtmA'haM na me kazcinnA'hamanyasya kasyacit / / - tattvAnuzAsana, 150 / 2. saddravyamasmi vidahaM jJAtAdRSTA sadA'pyudAsInaH / svopAttadehamAtrastataH paraMgaganavadamUrttaH // - vahI, 152 / 3. vahI, 154-164 / 4. svarUpaM sarvajIvAnAM parasmAda prakAzanam / bhAnu-maNDalavatteSAM parasmAdaprakAzanam // vahI, 235 / 5. daMsaNaNANa pahANI asaMkhadeso hu muttiparihINo / sahidehamANo Namavvo eriso appA / - tattvasAra TIkA, 17 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 73 avasthAe~ huA karatI haiM unheM mArgaNA kahate haiM, ye caudaha hotI haiM / ataH karmarahita zuddhAtmA ke mArgaNAeM nahIM hotI haiM 1), zuddhAtmA ke na koI guNasthAna haiM (azuddhatA ko kramazaH ghaTAte hue zuddhatA ko upalabdha karate hue mokSa mahala ke Upara car3hane ke lie jo zreNiyA~ yA pada haiM, ve guNasthAna kahalAte haiN| ye guNasthAna 14 hote haiM, jo mohanIya karma aura yogoM kI apekSA se mithyAtvAdi kahalAte haiM, zuddhAtmA ke sampUrNa karma aura yoga Adi na hone se inake guNasthAna hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai / ), na koI jIva sthAna hai (jIvoM kI jAtiyoM kI apekSA se jo saMgraha yA samUha kiye jAte haiM, ve jIvasthAna kahalAte haiN|), AtmA ke na koI labdhisthAna haiM' (samyaktva ko prApta karane ke jo sAdhana-kSayopazama, vizuddhi, dezanA, prAyogya-ye karaNalabdhi sthAna aura saMyama ko bar3hAnevAlI saMyamalabdhi sthAna AtmA meM nahIM hai|), na isa mAramA ke koI baMdhasthAna hai, na koI udayasthAna hai, isa AtmA meM na koI sparza hai, na rasa hai, na varNa hai, na gaMdha hai, na zabdAdi hai, kintu yaha AtmA zuddha caitanyasvabhAva vAlA aura niraMjana svarUpa hai / siddhAvasthA meM jisa prakAra siddha mala rahita aura jJAna svarUpa haiM, usI prakAra se malarahita, niraMjana-nirvikAra AtmA hamAre zarIra meM vyApta hai| vaha ananta jJAnAdi guNoM se pUrNa, zuddha, avinAzI, eka nirAlamba svarUpa (svayaMbhU) avinAzI, nitya evaM amUrtika AtmA hai| * isI prakAra se vibhinna AcAryoM ne nizcayanaya kI apekSA se zuddhAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| ataH nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se saMkSepa meM AtmA caitanya upayoga svarUpa", svayaMbhU, dhruva, amUrtika, siddha, anAdinidhana, atIndriya, ajara, amara, jyotisvarUpa, ananta, rUpAdirahita, vacanAtIta, avinAzI, avyakta, akhaMDa pradezI, acala, sat, cit, AnandasvarUpa, sarvottama, sUkSmAtisUkSma, 1. devasena : tattvasAra, 18-20 2. phAsarasaruvagaMdhA sahAdIyA sa jassa. Natthi puNo / suddho ceyaNa bhAvo NiraMjaNo so ahaM bhnnio|| -vahI, 21 / 3. vahI, 26 / 4. vahI, 27, 28 / 5. paMcAstikAya, 16, 109, 124; pravacanasAra, 35; niyamasAra, 10; mUlAcAra, 5 / 36; bhagavatIsUtra, 2.10; tattvAryasUtra, 2.8: bhAvapAhur3a, 62; sarvArthasiddhi, 114, pR0 11; paMcAdhyAyI, 30, 192 /

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74 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra mahAn tathA kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, anantavIrya, ananta sukharUpa, ananta catuSTaya svarUpa hai' / azuddhAtma svarUpa vivecana : vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se azuddha yA saMsArI AtmA kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se adhyavasAya Adi karma se vikRta bhAvoM ko AtmA kahA hai / jIva ke ekendriyAdi bheda, guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa evaM karma ke saMyoga se utpanna gaurAdi varNa tathA jarAdi avasthAe~ aura nara nArakAdi paryAya azuddha AtmA kI hotI haiM / vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra AtmA ke kahalAte haiM / kundakundAcArya ne paMcAstikAya meM AtmA kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki AtmA caitanya tathA upayoga svarUpa, prabhu, kartA, dehapramANa, amUrtika evaM karmasaMyukta hai / jIva sabako jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai, sukha cAhatA hai, duHkha se DaratA hai, zubha-azubha karma karatA hai aura unake phala ko bhogatA hai / SaDdarzanasamuccaya " meM haribhadra ne bhI kahA hai ki jova caitanyasvarUpa hai, vaha jJAnadarzana Adi guNoM se bhinna evaM abhinna bhI hai, jIva manuSyAdi vibhinna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / vaha zubha-azubha karmoM kA kartA evaM sukha-duHkha Adi phaloM kA bhoktA hai / dravyasaMgraha', upAsakAdhyayana jJAnArNava', AdipurANa', uttarapurANa, uttarAdhyayana 7 , 1. adhyAtma rahasya, 22 / samayasAra, A0, kA0 7 / pravacanasAra, 2. 99100 | tattvAnuzAsana, 120, 121 | niyamasAra, 96 - 181 / iSTopadeza, 21 / 2. samayasAra, 56-67 / 3. paMcAstikAya, 27 // 4. vahI, 122, bhAva pAhur3a, 147 / 5. tatra jJAnAdi dharmebhyo bhinnAbhinno vivRttimAn / zubhAzubha karma karttA bhoktA karmaphalasya ca // caitanyalakSaNo jIvA / --kArikA, 48-49 / 6. dravya saMgraha, 2 / 7. jJAtAdRSTAmahAnsUkSmaH kRtibhuktyoH svayaMprabhuH / bhogAyatana mAtro'yaM svabhAvadUrdhvagaH pumAn // upAsakAdhyayana, 3 / 104 / 8. jJAnArNava, 6 / 17 / 9. AdipurANa, 24 / 92, 393 / 10. uttarapurANa, 67 / 5 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 75 sUtra', evaM amitagati zrAvakAcAra2 meM bhI AtmA ko caitanya-upayogasvarUpa, anAdinidhana, jJAtA, draSTA, kartA, bhoktA, deha-pramANa, saMsArI, karma rahita hone para Urdhvagamana svabhAva vAlA, siddha, pradIpa kI taraha saMkoca-vistAra dharmavAlA, amUrtika, mahAn, sUkSma, svayambhU, nirbAdhasiddha, sthiti, utpatti evaM vinAza svarUpa vAlA kahA gayA hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM AtmA ko amUrtika, nirbAdha, kartA, bhoktA, cetana, kathaMcid eka aura kathaMcid aneka, zarIra pramANa tathA zarIra se pRthaka, UrdhvagAmI tathA utpAdavyayadhruva svarUpa kahA hai / upaniSadoM meM bhI isI prakAra AtmA kA svarUpa upalabdha hai| jaina dArzanika granthoM meM AtmA ke upayukta svarUpa kA vizad vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / AtmA kA upayoga svarUpa : AtmA kA svarUpa upayoga hai| jJAna-darzana upayoga kahalAtA hai|" AtmA jisake dvArA jAnatA hai use jJAna aura jisake dvArA dekhatA hai use darzana upayoga kahA gayA hai| ye donoM upayoga AtmA se kathaMcit abhinna haiN| AtmA ko chor3a kara upayoga anyatra kahIM nahIM rahatA hai isalie upayoga AtmA se kathaMcit abhinna aura cUMki upayoga AtmA kA svabhAva hai, isalie vaha AtmA se kathaMcit bhinna hai / jJAnopayoga ko sAkAra-upayoga aura darzanopayoga ko anAkAra upayoga kahA gayA hai / matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyAya aura kevalajJAna ye prathama jJAnopayoga ke pAMca bheda haiN| prathama cAra jJAnopayoga sAdi aura bhrAMta hote haiM / inheM vibhAva jJAnopayoga bhI kahate haiM / antima kevalajJAnopayoga sAdi aura ananta hotA hai| ise svabhAva jJAnopayoga bhI kahate haiN|' jJAno 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 20136 / 2. zrAvakAcAra : amitagati, 4 / 46 / 3. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 4 / 73-5, 21 / 10-1 / 4. guNAnvito yaH phalakarmakartA kRtasya tasyaiva copbhoktaa| sa vizvarUpastriguNastrivarmA saMcarati svakarmabhiH // zvetAzvatara upaniSad, 57 5. (ka) paMcAstikAya, 40 / (kha) niyamasAra, 10 / (ga) tattvArtha sUtra, 218, 9 / 6. tattvArthasAra, 2 / 11, 12 / 7. (ka) paJcasaMgraha, 178 / (kha) sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 9 / 8. niyamasAra, 12 / 9. vahI, 11 /

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76 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra payoga kA vizeSa vivecana jJAna-mArgaNA ke prasaMga meM kiyA jAyagA / cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana ye cAra darzanopayoga ke bheda haiN|' prArambha ke tIna darzanopayogoM ko kundakundAcArya ne vibhAvadarzanopayoga aura antima ko svabhAvadarzanopayoga kahA hai| isakA vivecana bhI hama mArgaNAoM meM kareMge / yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki jaina sAhitya meM upayoga ke anya tIna bhedoM kA bhI vivecana prApta hotA hai-zubha, azubha aura zuddha / kintu yaha upayoga kA bheda mAtra AtmA ke bhAvoM ko lekara hI kiyA gayA hai / prazasta bhAvoM ko zubha, aprazasta bhAvoM ko azubha aura rAga-dveSa rahita AtmA ke nirmala pariNAmoM ko zuddha upayoga kahA gayA hai| prakRta meM jisa upayoga kI carcA kI gayI hai vaha caitanyAtmaka upayoga hai| jJAna AtmA se kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hai : Upara jJAna darzana ko AtmA se kathaMcita bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna kahA gayA hai| yaha kathana vivecanIya hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai / guNa apane guNI se na sarvathA bhinna hotA hai aura na sarvathA abhinna hotA hai balki kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hotA hai| kyoMki guNa se bhinna guNI aura guNI se bhinna guNa kI sattA asambhava hai| isI siddhAnta ke anusAra jJAna apane guNI AtmA se na sarvathA bhinna hai aura na sarvathA abhinna hai / jJAna AtmA se kathaMcit abhinna hai, kyoMki jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai| nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se jo jJAna hai vahI AtmA hai aura jo AtmA hai vahI jJAna hai| ataH donoM ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi AtmA aura jJAna kathaMcit abhinna na hoM to AtmA kA nizcayAtmaka svabhAva na hone se AtmA kA abhAva siddha ho jAyegA aura jJAnAdi nirAzraya hone se unakI bhI sattA nahIM rhegii| kyoMki jJAna se bhinna AtmA aura AtmA se bhinna jJAna kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / ataH AtmA aura jJAna kathaMcit abhinna hai| 1. paMcAstikAya, 42 / 2. niyamasAra, 13-14 / 3. (ka) pravacanasAra, 119 / (kha) dravya saMgraha TIkA, 6, pR0 18 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 8 / / 5. paJcAstikAya, 44-45 / 6. vahI, 51, 52 / 7. paMcAstikAya, 43 / SaDdarzanasamuccaya, kArikA 49 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 77 AtmA aura jJAna meM kathaMcit bheda bhI hai kyoMki AtmA guNI aura jJAna guNa hai, AtmA lakSya aura jJAna lakSaNa hai / ataH vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se saMjJA aura saMjJI, lakSya aura lakSaNa donoM meM bheda hai| kahA bhI hai-"jIva aura jJAna meM guNa-guNI kI apekSA bheda na kiyA jAe to jo jAnanA hai vaha jJAna hai aura dekhanA darzana hai, yaha bheda kisa prakAra hogA ?" yadi jJAna ko jIva se sarvathA abhinna mAnA jAegA to jJAna aura sukhAdi guNoM meM koI antara nahIM rahegA / ataH jJAna AtmA se kathaMcit bhinna bhI hai / caitanya AtmA kA svAbhAvika dharma hai, Agantuka nahIM : ___ caitanya AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai, Agantuka yA bAhya nhiiN| AtmA ke isa guNa ke viSaya meM bhAratIya darzana meM tIna prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM parilakSita hotI haiN| pahalI vicAradhArA nyAya-vaizeSika aura prabhAkara bhaTTa dArzanikoM kI hai / the AtmA ko jar3a svarUpa mAnakara caitanya ko usakA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiN| arthAt inake mata meM AtmA caitanya svarUpa nahIM balki caitanyavAn hai / dUsarI vicAradhArA kumArila bhaTTa kI hai| kumArila bhaTTa yadyapi caitanya ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa mAnate haiM lekina sAtha hI ve use jar3a svarUpa mAnate haiN| tIsarI vicAradhArA vAle sAMkhya, vedAnta evaM jaina dArzanika caitanya ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa na mAnakara usakA svAbhAvika guNa mAnate haiN| jaina darzana meM caitanya aura jJAna ko sAMkhyoM kI taraha bhinna-bhinna na mAnakara donoM ko abhinna aura eka mAnA gayA hai| isakA vivecana karane ke pahale yaha siddha karanA anivArya hai ki caitanya AtmA se bhinna evaM usakA Agantuka guNa nahIM hai aura na jar3asvarUpa AtmA caitanya ke samavAya sambandha se caitanyavAna hotA hai| caitanya AtmA usI prakAra caitanya svarUpa hai jisa prakAra agni uSNa svabhAva vAlI hai| dravya kA apane guNoM se bhinna aura guNoM kA apane dravya se bhinna astitva nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| AtmA bhI eka dravya hai aura caitanya usakA guNa hone ke kAraNa caitanya AtmA se pRthak nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jJAna aura AtmA donoM eka hI kahe gaye haiN| NANaM appatta madaM vaTThadi NANaM viNA Na appANaM / tahmA NANaM appA appA NANaM va aNNaM vA ||-prvcnsaar, 1127 / 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 180 / 2. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA, kArikA 49 / 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 178 / 4. pravacanasAra, 127 /

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78 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne isa mata kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki yadi jJAna ke sambandha se AtmA jJAnavAn usI prakAra hai jisa prakAra daMDa ke sambandha se puruSa daMDI yA dhana ke sambandha se dhanavAn, taba jJAna aura AtmA kA astitva alaga-alaga usI prakAra honA cAhie jisa prakAra puruSa aura daMDa kA astitva alaga-alaga hotA hai / lekina jJAna aura AtmA donoM svatantra rUpa se alagaalaga upalabdha nahIM hote haiM, isalie siddha hai ki jJAna AtmA se bhinna nahIM hai / malliSeNa ne bhI jar3AtmavAda kI samIkSA meM kahA hai ki jJAna aura AtmA ko sarvathA bhinna mAnane se AtmA padArtha ko nahIM jAna sakegA kyoMki jisa prakAra maitra nAmaka vyakti se bhinna caitra nAmaka vyakti ke jJAna se maitra ko padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai usI prakAra AtmA se bhinna jJAna se bhI usakI AtmA ko padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM honA cAhie lekina AtmA padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, isalie siddha hai ki AtmA aura jJAna donoM sarvathA bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiM? | AtmA ko acetana mAnanA isalie bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki kisI ko bhI isa prakAra kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai ki 'maiM acetana hU~ aura cetanA ke samavAya sambandha se cetanavAn hU~ 3" / isake viparIta sabhI ko isa prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai ki maiM cetana svarUpa hU~ / AtmA kA caitanya svabhAva svIkAra kiye binA "maiM jJAtA hU~" isa prakAra kI pratIti usI prakAra nahIM ho sakatI hai jisa prakAra acetana ghaTa ko nahIM hotI hai / ataH siddha hai ki AtmA acetana svabhAva nahIM hai, balki caitanya svarUpa hai anyathA padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM ho sakegA / guNabhadrAcArya ne bhI yahI kahA haiM / yadi AtmA aura caitanya-jJAna ko paraspara sarvathA bhinna mAnA jAyagA to sA aura vindhya parvata kI taraha sambandha nahIM bana sakegA " / AcArya kundakunda ne nyAyavaizeSika mata kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki jJAnI aura jJAna ko jJAnasthApyAtma 1. Atmano'pi jJAnaguNayogAt prAgasatvaM vizeSalakSaNAbhAvAt dravyasambandhAt prAgasatvaM nirAzrayaguNAbhAvAt / nacAsatoH sambandho dRSTa iSTo vA tattvArtha vArtika, 1. 1. 7 / 2. jJAnamapi naiva viSayaparicchedaH syAdAtmanaH / - syAdvAdamaMjarI kArikA, 8 / 3. na hi jAtucit svayamacetano'haM cetanAyogAha cetanaH / - vahI, 59 / 4. anupayogasvabhAva AtmA nArthaparicchedakartA, acetanatvAt gaganavat / - SaDadarzanasamuccaya, TIkA, kArikA 49 / 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 179 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 79 sarvathA bhinna mAnane para AtmA aura jJAna donoM acetana ho jaaegeN| jaina AcAryoM ne uparyukta kathana kI TIkA karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra agni aura uSNa guNa donoM ko bhinna-bhinna mAnane se agni dahana Adi kArya nahIM kara sakatA hai usI prakAra jJAna se bhinna AtmA bhI padArtha ko nahIM jAna skegaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jJAna AtmA se bhinna hone ke kAraNa nirAzrita ho jAegA, isalie vaha kucha bhI nahIM kara skegaa| vidyAnanda ne kahA hai ki anupayoga svarUpa mAnane para AtmA ko mokSa mArga jAnane kI abhilASA na hogI / AtmA caitanya ke samavAya sambandha se caitanyavAn nahIM hai : AtmA ko jar3a mAna kara caitanya ke sambandha se AtmA caitanyavAn hotA hai, aisA nyAyavaizeSikoM kA kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki sarvathA jar3a svarUpa AtmA samavAya sambandha se bhI jJAnI nahIM ho sakatA hai| yahAM para kundakundAcArya prazna karate haiM ki AtmA jJAna nAmaka guNa se sambaddha hone ke pahale jJAnI thA yA ajJAnI ? yadi AtmA jJAna se sambandha ke pahale jJAnI thA taba jJAna ke samavAya sambandha se AtmA ke jJAnavAn hone kI kalpanA karanA vyartha hI hai / aba yadi mAnA jAe ki AtmA jJAna samavAya sambandha ke pahale ajJAnI thA to prazna hotA hai ki vaha ajJAnI kyoM thA? kyA AtmA ajJAna ke samavAya sambandha hone se ajJAnI thA yA AtmA ajJAna svarUpa hone se ajJAna ke samavAya sambandha se AtmA ko ajJAnI mAnanA to ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jaba AtmA pahale se ajJAnI ho hai taba usake sAtha ajJAna sambandha vyartha hI hai| yadi AtmA aura ajJAna kA ekatva hone se AtmA ajJAnI hai to usI prakAra jJAna ke sAtha bhI AtmA kA ekatva siddha hotA hai / yadi acetana AtmA caitanya ke samavAya sambandha se caitanyavAn ho jAtA hai to ghaTAdi padArtha bhI jar3a hone se AtmA kI taraha caitanyavAn hone cAhie lekina aisA na to naiyAyika mAnate haiM aura na anubhava se hI pratIta hotA hai / vidyAnandi ne bhI kahA ki samavAya eka nitya 1. paMcAstikAya, 48; tattvArtha vArtika, 1. 1. 6 / 2. paMcAstikAya, tAtparya vRtti, tattvArtha vArtika, 2. 8. 4 / 3. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 193 / 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 178 / 5. Na hi so samavAyAdo atyaMtarido du NANado nnaannii| aNNANIti ya vayaNaM egattappasAdhagaM hodi ||-pNcaastikaay, 49 / 6. tattvArthavArtika, 1119 /

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80 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra aura vyApaka padArtha hai / isalie caitanya kA samavAya sambandha jisa prakAra AtmA ke sAtha hotA hai usI prakAra AkAzAdi ke sAtha bhI rahane ke kAraNa AkAzAdi ko bhI AtmA kI taraha caitanyavAn mAnanA cAhie / jisa prakAra AtmA ko pratIti hotI hai ki 'mujha AtmA meM jJAna hai' isI prakAra AkAzAdi ko bhI pratIti honI caahie| ataH AtmA ko jar3a svarUpa mAnane para use 'maiM jJAtA hU~ isakI pratIti ghaTAdi kI taraha nahIM ho sakatI hai / yadi nyAyavaizeSika kisI prakAra se isa prakAra kI pratIti bhAtmA meM mAnate haiM to usI prakAra ghaTAdi ko bhI usakI pratIti honA mAnanA par3egA, lekina aisA koI mAnatA nahIM hai / 'maiM cetana hU~' isa prakAra kI pratIti AtmA ko hI hotI hai / isalie siddha hai ki AtmA kathaMcit cetana svarUpa hai 3 / dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki acetana padArtha ko caitanya ke samavAya se caitanyavAn mAnane para anavasthA doSa AtA hai, kyoMki caitanyaguNa ko bhI kisI anya ke sambandha se caitanya mAnanA hogA / yadi cetanatva ke kAraNa caitanyaguNa meM caitanya hotA to phira usa cetanatva ke lie eka dUsare cetanatva kI kalpanA karanI hogI aura isa prakAra ananta cetanatva kI kalpanA karane meM anavasthA doSa AegA / yadi isa doSa se bacane ke lie cetanA guNa meM svayaM caitanyatA rahatI hai, aisA mAnA jAe to agni ke uSNa guNa kI taraha AtmA ko bhI svataH caitanya svarUpa mAna lenA cAhie / malliSeNa ne bhI isI prakAra vivecana kiyA hai, ataH siddha hai ki AtmA caitanya svarUpa hai, caitanya aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna nahIM hai" / cetanA ke samavAya sambandha se AtmA ko caitanya rUpa mAnane para eka doSa yaha bhI AtA hai ki eka AtmA ko jJAna hone se samasta AtmAoM ko padArthoM kA jJAna ho jaaegaa| kyoMki AtmA vyApaka hai tathA samavAya nitya, eka tathA vyApaka hone ke kAraNa samasta padArthoM ke sAtha usakA sambandha rahatA hai / ataH isa prakAra sabhI sarvajJa ho jAyeMge / aisA mAnanA abhISTa evaM tarka-saMgata nahIM hai / 1. tattvArthazloka vArtika, 196 / 2. vahI, 197 - 198 / 3. tattvArthazloka vArtika, 1999-203 / SaDadarzanasamuccaya, kArikA 49 / "yadi ca pradIpAt prakAzasyAtyanta bhede'pi -, tadA ghaTAdInAmapi -- " syAdvAdamaMjarI, kA0 8 / 4. tattvArthavArtika 1 / 1 / 11 / 3 5. syAdvAdamaMjarI, 8 /

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- Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 81 ... yadi AtmA meM caitanya samavAya sambandha se usI prakAra rahatA hai jisa prakAra phTa meM rUpAdi samavAya se rahate haiM taba AtmA ko anitya mAnanA pdd'egaa| kyoMki jisa prakAra rUpAdi ke naSTa ho jAne para usake AzrayasvarUpa ghaTa kA nAza ho jAtA hai usI prakAra caitanya ke naSTa hone para usake AzrayasvarUpa AtmA bhI naSTa ho jaaegii| ataH AtmA ko anitya mAnanA par3egA jo nyAya vaizeSika darzana ke viruddha hai| AtmA ko jJAnasvarUpa mAnane para AtmA aura jJAna meM kartA-karaNa bhAva sambandha nahIM banatA, aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jisa prakAra 'agni uSNatA se padArthoM ko jalAtI hai' isa jJAna meM agni aura uSNatA meM kartA-karaNa bhAva bana jAtA hai, isI prakAra AtmA aura jJAna meM kartRkaraNa bheda bana sakatA hai / syAdvAdamaMjarI meM bhI kahA hai ki 'sarpa apane Apa ko gheratA hai' jisa prakAra isa vAkya meM kartA-karaNa meM abhinna hone para bhI kartA-karaNa bhAva bana jAtA hai isI prakAra bhAtmA aura jJAna ke abhinna hone para donoM meM kartA-karaNa bhAva sambandha bana sakatA hai / ataH jJAna AtmA se bhinna na hokara AtmA hI jJAnasvarUpa hai| suSupti avasthA meM caitanya kA anubhava hotA hai : prabhAkara evaM nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA kahanA hai ki suSupti avasthA meM caitanya kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai isalie AtmA caitanya svarUpa nahIM hai| yadi suSupti avasthA meM AtmA meM jJAna yA caitanya vidyamAna rahatA to jAgRta avasthA kI taraha suSupti avasthA meM bhI vastuoM kA jJAna honA cAhie, magara hotA nahIM, isalie siddha hai ki usa samaya AtmA meM jJAna yA caitanya vidyamAna nahIM rahatA hai| jaina, bhATa-mImAMsaka evaM sAMkhya dArzamika nyAya-vaizeSika ke uparyukta kathana se sahamata nahIM haiN| inakA mata hai ki suSupti avasthA darzanAvaraNIya karma kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM karmaprakRti caitanya ko usI prakAra DhA~ka letI hai jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ko DhAMka letA hai kintu usa samaya bhI caitanya sUkSma aura nirvikalpa rUpa meM AtmA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| isI prakAra suSupti avasthA meM cetanA naSTa nahIM hotI kintu karma ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa kucha dhUmila ho jAtI hai| ___-vyApakatvAdekajJAnena sarveSAM viSayAvabodhaprasaMgaH / -syAdvAdamaMjarI, 8 / / 1. vahI / 2. tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 15 / 3. syAdvAdamaMjarI, 8 / / 4. paMcadazI, 6189-90 /

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82 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra / suSupti avasthA meM svAda Adi kA evaM unake sukha kA saMvedana hotA hai ' / sokara jAgane ke bAda 'maiM sukhapUrvaka soyA' isa prakAra kA anubhava siddha karatA hai ki suSupti avasthA meM caitanyatA vidyamAna rahatI hai / yadi suSupti avasthA meM caitanya vidyamAna na rahatA to 'maiM sukhapUrvaka soyA' 'itane kAla taka nirantara soyA,' 'itane kAla taka sAntara soyA' isa prakAra jo smaraNa hotA hai vaha nahIM honA cAhie, lekina isa prakAra kA smaraNa hotA hai isase siddha hai ki suSupti avasthA meM cetanA naSTa nahIM hotI hai kumArila bhaTTa evaM sAMkhya darzana meM bhI kahA hai ki 'maiM jar3a hokara so gayA thA' isa jar3atA kI smRti hotI hai aura yaha smRti binA anubhava ke sambhava nahIM hai / ataH uparyukta prakAra kI smRti siddha karatI hai ki suSupti avasthA meM AtmA meM caitanya vidyamAna rahatA hai / prabhAcandra ne bhI prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM kahA hai ki 'jJAna ke abhAva meM smRti nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki jJAta vastu kA hI smaraNa hotA hai aura vaha smaraNa bhI apane viSaya ke jJAna ke pazcAt hI hotA hai, jaise ghaTAdi kA smaraNa / yadi sone ke sukha ke smaraNa ko jJAna hue binA svIkAra kiyA jAegA to ghaTAdi kA smaraNa bhI ghaTAdi ke jJAna kiye binA mAnanA hogA, aura aisA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / ataH siddha hai ki svAdAdi kA suSupti meM jJAna hotA hai aura usa avasthA meM caitanya AtmA meM vartamAna rahatA hai / suSupti avasthA kI taraha mattamUrcchAdi avasthAoM meM bhI jJAna kA sadbhAva siddha hotA hai, kyoMki mattamUrcchAdi ke bAda anubhava hotA hai ki 'mUrcchAdi avasthA meM maiMne kucha bhI anubhava nahIM kiyA" / yadyapi jAgRta avasthA kI taraha suSupti avasthA rahatA hai to bhI donoM avasthAoM ko samAna nahIM jAgRta avasthA meM jJAna prakaTa rUpa meM aura suSupti vidyamAna rahatA hai / nidrAdarzanAvaraNIyakarma jJAna para isalie jJAna bAhya aura AdhyAtmika viSaya ke vicAra se 1. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 848; vivaraNaprameyasaMgraha, pR0 60 / 2. hI / 3. paMcadazI, 6 / 96 / 4. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 323 / 5. 9. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 848 / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 323 / pR0 540 / 6. vizeSa iti / 163 / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 323 / jJAna AtmA meM vidyamAna kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki avasthA meM aprakaTa rUpa meM AvaraNa DAla detA hai rahita usI prakAra ho nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 847 / tarkasaMgrahapaMjikA, sanmatitarka TIkA, pu0

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 83 jAtA hai jisa prakAra maMtrAdi ke dvArA agni Adi kI zakti kA abhibhava yA pratibandha kara diyA jAtA hai| suSupti avasthA meM caitanya kA lopa ho jAtA hai, yadi yaha siddhAnta mAnA jAya to 'suSupti meM caitanya kA lopa ho gayA' ise siddha karane ke lie sAkSI kI AvazyakatA hogI arthAt yaha batalAnA hogA ki isa prakAra ke jJAna ko kona jAnatA hai ? vahI AtmA caitanya ke abhAva ko nahIM jAna sakatA hai kyoMki usa samaya nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne AtmA meM jJAna kA abhAva mAnA hai / jJAna ke binA viSaya ko kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai| ataH siddha hai ki suSupti avasthA meM AtmA meM caitanya vidyamAna rahatA hai isalie AtmA caitanya svarUpa hai| jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai-prakRti kA pariNAma nahIM : jaina darzana jJAna aura cetanA meM koI bheda nahIM mAnatA hai isalie isa siddhAMta meM AtmA jisa prakAra caitanya svarUpa mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra jJAna svarUpa bhI mAnA gayA hai / yadyapi sAMkhya dArzanika bhI AtmA ko caitanya svabhAva mAnate haiM lekina ve use jJAna svarUpa nahIM mAnate haiN| inake mata meM jJAna pradhAna (prakRti) kA pariNAma (arthAt-buddhi ko acetana mAna kara jJAna ko usakA dharma) mAnate haiM / prakRti aura puruSa ke saMsarga hone para acetana buddhi meM ghaTapaTAdi viSaya kA evaM dUsarI tarapha se caitanya kA pratibimba par3ane ke kAraNa puruSa apane ko jJAtA samajhane lagatA hai, vAstava meM buddhi hI ghaTAdi padArthoM ko jAnatI hai / AtmA (puruSa) ko jJAnasvabhAva na mAnane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki suSupti avasthA meM jJAna kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai / __ jaina dArzanikoM ne sAMkhya darzana ke isa siddhAnta kI ki 'AtmA jJAna svarUpa nahIM tathA jJAna acetana prakRti kA pariNAma hai', tIvra AlocanA kI hai| amitagati AcArya ne kahA hai ki yadi AtmA ko jJAna rahita mAnA jAegA to jJAnapUrvaka hone vAlI kriyAe~ arthAt padArtha ko jAnanA Adi asambhava ho jaaegaa| 'puruSa' ko caitanya svarUpa mAna kara jJAna rahita mAnanA paraspara viruddha hai / kyoMki yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki 'cit' dhAtu kA artha jAnanA hotA hai| yadi sva-para padArthoM ko jAnanA caitanya-zakti kA svabhAva nahIM hai to cetanA zakti 1. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 849, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 322 / 2. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 850 / 3. kriyANAM jJAnajanyAnAM tatrAbhAvaprasaMgataH |-shraavkaacaar (amitagati), 4 / 31 /

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24 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ghaTa kI taraha hI ho jaaegii| ataH yaha mAnanA cAhie ki jJAna kA saMvedana AtmA meM hI hotA hai isalie AtmA jJAna svarUpa hai| AtmA jJAna rahita hai isa prakAra kisI ko bhI anubhava nahIM hotA hai, isake viparIta 'maiM cetana hU~' isa prakAra caitanya ke anubhava kI taraha 'maiM jJAnasvarUpa hU~' yA 'maiM jJAtA hU~ jJAna kA saMvedana AtmA meM hotA hai| isalie mAnanA cAhie ki AtmA caitanya svarUpa kI taraha jJAna svarUpa bhI hai| / yadi jJAna ko prakRti kA pariNAma arthAt buddhi kA dharma mAnA jAe to ghaTAdi padArtha meM bhI buddhi kI taraha jJAna honA cAhie kyoMki ghaTAdi bhI buddhi kI taraha prakRti ke pariNAma evaM acetana padArtha haiM, lekina ghaTAdi padArtha jJAnavAn dRSTigocara nahIM hote haiM / isalie siddha hai ki jJAna pradhAna (prakRti) kA pariNAma nahIM balki AtmA kA svarUpa hai / yadi prakRti ke saMsarga se AtmA (puruSa) ko jJAnI mAnA jAegA to prakRti ke saMsarga se AtmA ke anya svAbhAvika guNa caitanya, udAsIna Adi kA bhI honA mAnanA par3egA jo sAMkhyoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki anya ke jJAna se dUsarA jJAnI nahIM ho sakatA hai anyathA kisI ke jJAna se koI bhI jJAnavAna ho jaaegaa| isalie pradhAna ke saMsarga se AtmA jJAnI ho jAtA hai yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai| sAMkhya dArzanika AtmA ko ajJAnI siddha karate hue kahate haiM ki AtmA ajJAnasvarUpa hai kyoMki AtmA caitanya svabhAva vAlA hai| yadi AtmA jJAnasvabhAva vAlA hotA to suSupti avasthA meM AtmA ko jJAna kA anubhava honA cAhie, kintu usakA anubhava nahIM hotA hai isalie siddha hai ki puruSa jJAnasvarUpa na hokara ajJAnasvarUpa hai| 1. citai sNjnyaane| cetanaM cityate vAnayeti cit / sA cet svaparaparicchedAtmikA neSyate tadA cicchaktireva sA na syAt, ghaTavat / -syAdvAdamaMjarI, 15 / 2. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 228 / 3. acetanasya na jJAnaM pradhAnasya pravartate / stambhakumbhAdayo dRSTA na kvApi jJAnayoginaH ||-shraavkaacaar (amitagati), 4 / 37 / 4. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 229 / 5. pradhAnajJAnato jJAnI, vAcyo jJAnazAlibhiH / anyajJAnena na hyanyo, jJAnI kvApi vilokyte|| zrAvakAcAra (amitagati), 4 / 32 / 6. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 230 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 85 vidyAnandI kA kahanA hai ki sAMkhyoM ne AtmA ko ajJAna svarUpa siddha karane meM jo hetu diyA hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki jisa usI prakAra vaha acetana sAMkhya darzana AtmA ko ke bAhara bhI rahatA hai / prakAra AtmA ko ajJAna bhI siddha ho jAegA, jo vyApaka mAnatA hai, jisakA ataH jisa prakAra zarIra ke usI prakAra zarIrastha AtmA bhI acetana hai, kyoMki zarIra ke bAhara sthita AtmA aura zarIra ke andara sthita AtmA meM koI antara nahIM hai / isa prakAra AtmA ko ajJAna svarUpa siddha karane se AtmA jar3asvarUpa siddha ho jAegA / " svarUpa siddha kiyA gayA hai sAMkhyoM ko mAnya nahIM hai / tAtparya hai ki AtmA zarIra bAhara AtmA acetana hai, suSupta avasthA meM jJAna kA anubhava hotA hai : sAMkhya dArzanikoM kA yaha kathana ki suSupti avasthA meM manuSya ko jJAna kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai, ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki nidrAvasthA se uThane ke bAda 'maiM bahuta dera taka soyA, sukhapUrvaka soyA' Adi kA smaraNa hotA hai / isa smaraNa se siddha hai ki gAr3ha nidrA meM jJAna vidyamAna rahatA hai / ataH AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hai / dUsarI IF yaha hai ki yadi sAMkhya dArzanika suSupti dazA meM jJAna kI sattA AtmA meM nahIM mAneMge to suSupti avasthA meM caitanya kI sattA bhI siddha nahIM ho sakegI / kyoMki jJAna sukha kA saMvedana karanA hI caitanya kahalAtA hai / yadi sAMkhya suSupti avasthA meM prANa, vAyu, nAr3I Adi ke calane se AtmA meM caitanya kA vidyamAna honA mAnate haiM to isa prakAra se jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hI siddha ho jAtA hai / zvAsocchvAsa calanA, netra kholanA Adi kriyAe~ jisa prakAra jAgRta avasthA meM caitanya ke hone para hotI haiM, usI prakAra jJAna ke hone para hotI haiM / ataH AtmA jisa prakAra caitanya svarUpa hai usI prakAra jJAna svarUpa bhI hai / 1. jIvo hyacetanaH kAye jIvatvAd bAhyadezavat / vaktumevaM samartho'nyaH kiM na syAjjaDajIvavAk / / - tattvArthazlokavArtika 1 / 231 / 2. vahI, 1 / 235 / 3. yathA caitanyasaMsiddhiH suSuptAvapi dehinaH / prANAdidarzanAttadvadbodhAdiH kiM na siddhyati // - vahI, 11236 // 4. jAgrataH sati caitanye yathA prANAdivRttayaH / tathaiva sati vijJAne dRSTAstA bAghavarjitAH / vahI, 1 / 237 /

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86 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra kyoMki jJAna kathana bhI ThIka yadi sAMkhya AtmA ko isalie jJAnasvarUpa nahIM mAnate haiM rUpAdi kI taraha acetana, kArya tathA kSaNika hai, to unakA yaha nahIM hai anyathA AtmA bhogasvarUpa bhI siddha nahIM ho sakegA, kyoMki bhoga bhI kadAcit kabhI-kabhI hone vAlA hai / 'puruSa' ( AtmA ) buddhi ke adhyavasAya pUrvaka hI upabhoga karatA hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAe to AtmA sarvadarzI aura sarvabhoktA ho jAegA, aura aisA mAnane se dIkSA, tapasyA, tattvajJAnAdi vyartha ho jAeMge / ataH siddha hai ki AtmA caitanya tathA jJAnasvarUpa hai / ' buddhi acetana nahIM hai sAMkhya dArzanika buddhi ko acetana mAnate haiM kintu unakA yaha mantavya bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki acetana buddhi sukha-duHkhAdi jJa eya padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM kara sakatI hai / caitanya zakti ke samparka se koI bhI jar3a padArtha caitanya svarUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai anyathA darpaNa bhI caitanyAdi svabhAva vAlA ho jAegA, jo asambhava hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki cetanA kA Aropa acetana buddhi meM karane para bhI acetana buddhi dvArA jJeya padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH buddhi ko acetana mAna kara jJAna ko usakA dharma mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / ra jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai yaha siddha ho jAtA hai / AtmA kA sva para prakAza 4 bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM atyadhika mahattvapUrNa vivAdoM meM se eka AtmA ke sva para prakAzI svabhAva se sambaddha hai / isa samasyAM kA atyadhika dArzanika mahattva hai / zruti evaM Agama kAlIna sAhitya meM jJAna aura AtmA ko sva para prakAzaka mAnane ke bIja pAye jAte haiM / isake atirikta chandogya tathA bRhadAraNyaka meM AtmA ko 'hRdayAna rajyoti' ' bhArUpa' kahA gayA hai / " gItA meM zrIkRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM ki 'jisa prakAra sUrya samasta saMsAra ko prakAzita karatA hai usI taraha zarIra kSetra kA jJAtA AtmA bhI sampUrNa zarIra ko prakAzita karatA hai / isI prakAra gItA meM AtmA sva prakAza svarUpa parilakSita hotA hai / ina vicAroM kA spaSTIkaraNa tathA vizleSaNa tarka 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1 / 243-244 / 2. syAdvAdamaMjarI, 15 / 3. vahI, 140 / / 4. kaThopaniSad, 22 / 15 / 5. (ka) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad, 4 / 3 / 7 / (kha) chAndogya upaniSad, 3 / 14 / 2 / 6. gItA, 13 / 33 //

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... Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 87 yuga meM huA hai / advaita tathA viziSTAdvaita Adi vedAnta, sAMkhya-yoga, bauddha inake matAnusAra AtmA sva-pratyakSa (sva-prakAza) svarUpa hai| kumArila bhaTTa ne jJAna ko parokSa mAnakara bhI AtmA ko vedAnta kI taraha sva-prakAza svarUpa mAnA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kumArila ke lie zrutiyoM kA virodha, jisameM AtmA ko sva-prakAza rUpa kahA gayA hai, karanA sambhava nahIM thaa| mImAMsaka-dArzanika prabhAkara aura unake matAnuyAyI AtmA ko sva-prakAzaka nahIM mAnate haiM / nyAya vaizeSika darzana meM yogaja pratyakSa se AtmA kA pratyakSa mAna kara use para-pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai| agdirzI kI apekSA jJAnAntara-vedya jJAnavAdI hone ke kAraNa prAcIna nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanikoM ne AtmA kA para-pratyakSa hI mAnA hai kintu bAda ke dArzanika udyotakara Adi ne AtmA ko mAnasa pratyakSa kA viSaya mAna kara usakA sva-pratyakSa mAnA hai / __jaina dArzanika AtmA ko sva-para pratyakSa mAnate haiN| isa viSaya meM ina dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hai aura jJAna sva-para prakAzaka hai isalie AtmA bhI sva-para prakAzaka hai| isa darzana meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra sUrya yA dIpaka apane Apako prakAzita karatA hai aura anya padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai usI prakAra AtmA bhI svayaM tathA para-padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai|' AcArya kundakunda prathama jaina AcArya haiM jisane jJAna ko sarvaprathama sva-para prakAzaka mAna kara isa carcA kA jaina darzana meM sUtrapAta kiyA hai| bAda ke AcAryoM ne inake mantavya kA eka svara se anukaraNa kiyA / __ Atma-bahutva : nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga aura mImAMsA darzanoM kI bhAMti jaina darzana meM bhI aneka AtmAoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| umAsvAmI ke tattvArtha sUtra meM Aye hue 'jIvAzca'3 sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue akalaMka deva ne kahA hai ki jIva aneka prakAra ke hote haiN| gati Adi caudaha mArgaNA, mithyAdRSTi Adi caudaha guNasthAnoM ke bheda se AtmA aneka paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa aneka hai / isI prakAra mukta jIva bhI aneka haiN| jaina dArzanika aparimita aura asIma AtmAoM ko mAna kara pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna AtmA mAnate 1. paMcAdhyAyI (pUrvAdha), kArikA 541 / paMcAdhyAyI (uttarArSa), kArikA 391 evaM 837 / 2. niyamasAra, 166-172 / aura bhI dekheM inhIM gAthAoM kI muni padmaprabha malladhArI deva kI tAtparya ttiikaa|.. 3. tattvArtha sUtra, 5 / 3 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 5 / 3 / 3 / ...

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88 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra haiM / pRthvIkAyika jIvoM se lekara siddhoM paryanta sabhI kI alaga-alaga AtmAe~ haiM / jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki eka zarIra meM eka se adhika AtmAe~ raha sakatI haiM kintu eka AtmA aneka zarIroM meM nahIM raha sakatI hai / AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ' ne jIva kI anekatA siddha karane ke lie aneka tarka diye haiM / unhoMne kahA ki nArakAdi paryAyoM meM AkAza kI bhA~ti eka AtmA sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki AkAza ke ekatva kA anubhava hotA hai kintu jIva ke ekatva kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pratyeka piNDa meM jIva vilakSaNa hai, isalie bhI use eka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki jIva aneka haiM kyoMki unameM lakSaNa-bheda haiM, jaise vividha ghaTa | aneka nahIM hone vAlI vastu meM lakSaNa-bheda nahIM hotA hai, jaise AkAza / eka AtmA mAnane se sukha, duHkha, bandha aura mokSa Adi kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai / eka hI AtmA eka hI samaya meM sukhI duHkhI, baddha - mukta nahIM ho sakatI hai / ataH AtmA eka nahIM, aneka haiM / dArzanika bhI karane ke lie puruSa ke janma sAMkhya darzana meM Atma- bahutva : 1. jaina darzana kI bhA~ti sAMkhya Atma- bahutva mAnate haiM / IzvarakRSNa ne AtmA kI anekatA siddha mahattvapUrNa yuktiyAM dI haiM / sAMkhyakArikA meM kahA hai ki pratyeka maraNa eka hI taraha ke na hokara vibhinna hote haiM / eka kA janma hotA hai, dUsare kA maraNa hotA hai / yadi eka hI AtmA hotI to eka ke utpanna hone se sabakI utpatti aura eka ke maraNa se sabakA maraNa honA mAnanA par3atA jo asaMgata hai / ataH siddha hai ki AtmAe~ aneka haiM / 2. isI prakAra pratyeka puruSa kI indriyAM alaga-alaga haiM / koI baharA hai, koI andhA hai aura koI ThUlA hai Adi / eka AtmA hone para puruSoM kI indriyoM meM vibhinnatA nahIM hotI / eka AtmA hotI to eka puruSa ke andhe hone para sabako andhA honA par3atA kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai, isalie siddha hai ki AtmAe~ aneka haiM / 3. samasta puruSoM kI pravRttiyoM ke bhinna-bhinna hone se bhI AtmAe~ aneka siddha hotI haiM / 4. vibhinna puruSoM meM sattva- raja aura tama ina guNoM meM nyUnAdhika hone se bhI AtmA kI anekatA siddha hotI hai / 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1581, 1582 / 2. (ka) sAMkhyakArikA, 18 / (kha) sAMkhya sUtra, 1 / 149 / (ga) sAMkhya pravacana bhASya, 6 / 45 /

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... Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 89 jaina evaM sAMkhya dArzanikoM kI taraha nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika bhI AtmAoM ko aneka mAnate haiM / AtmA kI anekatA kA kAraNa nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne sAMkhya dArzanikoM kI bhA~ti sthiti aura avasthAoM kI vividhatA ko batAyA hai / isake atirikta Agama-pramANa se bhI AtmA kI anekatA siddha kI hai| mImAMsaka dArzanika bhI jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha AtmA ko aneka mAnate haiN| prakaraNapaMjikA meM prabhAkara ne kahA hai ki AtmA aneka tathA prati zarIra bhinna-bhinna hai|' inakA tarka hai ki jisa prakAra merI kriyAe~ merI AtmA ke kAraNa haiM, usI prakAra anya kI kriyAe~ anya AtmAoM ke kAraNa hI sambhava hai / 2 aneka AtmAoM ke na mAnane se anubhavoM kI vyAkhyA karanA hI asambhava ho jAyagA / rAmAnuja Adi vaiSNava AcArya bhI anekAtmavAda ko mAnate haiN| ekAtmavAda kI samIkSA : advaita vedAnta eka AtmA (brahma) ko hI mAnate haiN| yaha ekamevamadvitIya hai| jisa prakAra eka candramA kA pratibimba vibhinna jalapAtroM meM par3ane para vaha aneka rUpa meM dikhAI dene lagatA hai, usI prakAra eka AtmA kA pratibimba avidyA para par3ane se vaha aneka pratIta hotA hai| ataH anekAtmavAda kI kalpanA ajJAna ke kAraNa hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM isa mata kI samIkSA meM kahA gayA hai ki ekAtmavAda kI kalpanA yuktirahita hai| kyoMki yaha anubhava se siddha hai ki sAvadya anuSThAna karane meM jo Asakta rahate haiM, ve hI pApa-karma karake svayaM narakAdi ke duHkhoM ko bhogate haiM, dUsare nhiiN| ataH AtmA eka nahIM hai, balki aneka hai| vizvatattva prakAza meM kahA hai ki yadi AtmA eka hotA to eka hI samaya meM yaha tattvajJa hai tathA mithyAjJAnI hai, yaha Asakta hai tathA virakta hai isa prakAra ke viruddha vyavahAra na hote / ataH AtmA eka nahIM hai| yadi eka hI AtmA mAnI jAye to eka vyakti ke dvArA dekhe gaye tathA anubhUta padArtha kA smaraNa tathA pratyabhijJAna dUsare vyakti ko bhI honA cAhie, kyoMki donoM kI AtmA eka hai| kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai / ataH siddha hai ki AtmA aneka haiM / " eka AtmA mAnane se eka ke janma se saba kA janma aura eka ke maraNa se saba kA maraNa mAnanA pdd'egaa| 1. prakaraNapaMjikA (prabhAkara) pR0 141 / 2. bhAratIya darzana : DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, bhAga 2, pR0 404 / 3. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, 1 / 1 / 1 / 10 / 4. vizvatattvaprakAza (bhAvasena) pR0 174 / 5. (ka) vizvatattvaprakAza (bhAvasena), pR0 175 / (kha) zAstradIpikA, (pArthasArathi), pR0 124 /

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90 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra isI taraha se eka ke duHkhI hone se sabako duHkhI tathA eka ke sukhI hone se saba ko sukhI mAnanA par3egA / lekina isa prakAra kI avyavasthA yahA~ dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai, arthAt - sabhI ke janma-maraNa, sukha-duHkha alaga-alaga dRSTigocara hote haiM, isalie siddha hai ki AtmA eka nahIM, aneka haiM / svAmI kArtikeya ne kahA bhI hai ki eka brahma mAtra ko AtmA mAnane se caNDAla aura brAhmaNa meM bheda hI nahIM rahegA / 2 bhaTTAkalaMka deva bhI kahA hai ki dharmAdi kI taraha jIvapudgala eka-eka dravya nahIM haiM, anyathA kriyAkAraka kA bheda, saMsAra evaM mokSa Adi nahIM ho sakeMge / hemacandra ne bhI yahI kahA hai / 'AtmA eka hai' yadi isa kathana kA tAtparya hai ki 'pramAtA eka hai', to aisA mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki pratyeka zarIra ke sukha-duHkha kA jJAtA jIva bhinna-bhinna hai, yaha pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hotA hai / yadi aisA na mAnakara sabakA eka pramAtA mAnA jAe to pazu-pakSI manuSyAdi kA bheda tathA mAtA-pitA kA bheda naSTa ho jAyagA / " sarI bAta yaha hai ki vedAnta darzana meM antaHkaraNa se avicchinna caitanya ko pramotA kahA hai / ataH antaHkaraNa ananta hai isalie pramAtA bhI ananta siddha hote haiM / vedAntiyoM kA yaha tarka -- ki AtmA AkAza kI taraha vyApaka hai isalie eka hai -- ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai, isakI mImAMsA Age kI jAyegI | yadi kahA jAe ki AtmA amUrtika hai, to yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki yaha koI ho vaha eka hI ho / kriyA amUrta hote hue bhI AtmA amUrta hote hue aneka mAnanI cAhie / 1. sarveSAmeka evAtmA yujyate neti jalpitum / janmamRtyusukhAdInAM bhinnAnAmupalabdhitaH // isalie eka hai, vyApti nahIM hai aneka hotI hai ataH AtmA ko / - zrAvakAcAra ( amitagati), 4 / 28 | 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 235 / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 5 6 6 4. mukto'pi vA'bhyetu bhavaM bhavo vA bhavasthazUnyo'stu mitAtmavAde | SaDjIvakAyaM tvamanantasaMkhya mAkhyastathA nAtha yathA na doSaH // 5. vizvatattvaprakAza, pR0 179 / 6. vahI / 7. nanu AtmA eka eva amUrtatvAt AkAzavaditi cenna / hetoH kriyAbhirvyabhicArAt / vahI, pR0 180 / jaise AkAza, ki jo amUrta --anyayogavyavacchedikA, 29 / isI prakAra nitya hone ke

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 91 kAraNa bhI use eka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTatva Adi apara sAmAnya tathA paramANu Adi nitya hote hue bhI aneka hote haiM / vidyAnandi ne ekAtmavAda kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki yadi svapnAdi kA jJAna jisa prakAra bhrAMta hotA hai, usI prakAra se yadi jIva ke anekapane ke jJAna ko bhrAMta mAnA jAyegA to 'eko'haM' isa jJAna ko bhI bhrAMta mAnanA par3egA / vedAntI yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki mujhe apanI AtmA ke atirikta anya kisI kI AtmA kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai, anyathA zUnyavAda kI siddhi ho jaayegii| kyoMki vedAntI ajIva dravya mAnate hI nahIM aura anya jIva kA astitva na mAnane se ve apanA astitva bhI siddha na kara skeNge| yadi kahA jAe ki svasaMvedana se ekAtmavAda kI siddhi hotI hai to usI prakAra anya aneka AtmAoM kI bhI siddhi ho jAtI hai / ataH AtmA eka nahIM, aneka yA ananta haiM / 2 jIva eka brahma kA aMza nahIM hai : vedAntiyoM kA mata hai ki jisa prakAra candramA eka hote hue bhI jala ke bahuta se ghar3oM meM bhinna-bhinna rUpa se dikhalAI par3atA hai, usI prakAra yadyapi brahma eka hI hai kintu (avidyA ke vaza se) bahutase zarIroM meM bhinna rUpa se dRSTigocara hotA hai / ataH jIva ko eka brahma kA aMza hI mAnanA cAhie / __ jaina dArzanika uparyukta siddhAnta se sahamata nahIM haiM, isalie unakA kahanA hai ki AkAzastha candramA jala ke bahuta se ghar3oM meM vibhinna rUpa se nahIM dikhalAI detA balki bahuta-se jala se bhare hue ghar3oM meM candra-kiraNoM kI upAdhi ke nimitta se jalarUpa pudgala hI candrAkAra rUpa se pariNata hotA hai / yathA devadatta ke mukha ke nimitta se bahuta se darpaNoM ke pudgala hI nAnA mukhAkAra rUpa se pariNata ho jAte haiM, devadatta kA mukha nAnA rUpa nahIM hotA hai / devadatta kA mukha svayaM nAnA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai yadi aisA mAnA jAe to darpaNa meM vidyamAna mukha ke pratibimboM meM bhI caitanya svarUpa honA cAhie magara aisA hotA nahIM hai / isa prakAra candramA nahIM apitu jalarUpa pudgala hI nAnA rUpa pariNamana ko prApta hotA hai / paramAtmaprakAza kI TIkA meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai| jIva brahma kA 'aMza' nahIM hai, isakI puSTi meM dUsarA tarka yaha bhI diyA 1. atha AtmA eka eva nityatvAt AkAzavaditi cenna / ___ aparasAmAnyairhetoya'bhicArAt |-vhii, pR0 180 / 2. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1 / 4 / 30, 33, 34 / 3. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, 71 / 4. paramAtmaprakAza TIkA, 2 / 99 /

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92 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra gayA hai ki candramA kI taraha brahma kA indriya pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai, jo candramA kI taraha nAnA rUpa ho jAe / ataH jIva kA brahma kA aMza honA siddha nahIM hotA hai / " anekAtmavAda aura lAivanitja : jaina-darzana ke anekAtmavAda kI tulanA jarmana dArzanika lAivanitja se kI jA sakatI hai / lAivanitja ke siddhAntAnusAra aneka cidaNu haiM, jinameM caitanya kA svatantra vikAsa ho rahA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki lAivanitja aura jaina darzana meM isa sambandha meM bahuta kucha samAnatA hai / 4 Atma-parimANa : bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke parimANa ke viSaya meM vibhinna vicAradhArAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM / upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko vyApakare, a aura zarIra pramANa" batAyA gayA hai / isa viSaya meM vizeSa vicAra nIce prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / AtmA aNu parimANa vAlA hai : rAmAnujAcArya, mAghavAcArya, vallabhAcArya aura nimbArkAcArya -- ye dArzanika AtmA ko aNu parimANa mAnate haiM / inakA mata hai ki AtmA bAla ke hajAraveM bhAga ke barAbara hai aura hRdaya meM nivAsa karatA hai / AcArya rAmAnuja ne kahA hai--aNu parimANa vAlA jIva jJAna guNa ke dvArA sampUrNa zarIra meM hone vAlI sukhAdi saMvedana rUpa hai / jisa prakAra dIpaka kI zikhA choTI hote hue vAlI hone se samasta padArthoM ko prakAzita karatI hai, guNa ke dvArA zarIra meM vAdiyoM kA tarka hai ki kriyA kA anubhava karatA bhI saMkoca - vistAra guNa isI prakAra AtmA jJAnahone vAlI kriyAoM ko jAna letI hai / aNuparimANayadi AtmA ko aNuparimANa na mAna kara vyApaka mAnA 1. kicana caikabrahmanAmA ko'pi dRzyate / - paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti, 71 / 124 / 2. draSTavya -- pAzcAtya darzana -sI0 DI0 zarmA / 3. (ka) kaThopaniSad, 1 / 2 / 22 / (kha) zvetAzvatara upa0, 2 / 1 / 2 / (ga) muNDaka upa0, 1 / 1 / 6 / 4. (ka) yathA brIhirvA yavo vA / -- - bRhadAraNyaka upa0, 388 / (kha) vahI, 5 / 6 / 7 / (ga) kaThopaniSad, 2 / 1 / 13 / (gha ) chAndogya upa0, 3 / 74 / 3 / 5. (ka) muNDaka upa0, 1|1|6 | ( kha ) chAndogya upa0, 3 | 14 | 3 | 6. paMcadazI, 6 / 81 / bhAratIya darzana ( DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ), bhAga 2, pR0 692 / 7. brahmasUtra rAmAnuja bhASya, 2 / 3 / 24-6 / bhAratIya darzana ( DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ), bhAga 2, pR0 693 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarzaM : 93 jAe to AtmA paraloka gamana na kara sakegI / isI prakAra deha pramANa AtmA mAnane para AtmA ko anitya mAnanA par3egA / isalie uparyukta doSoM ke kAraNa AtmA ko vaTa-bIja kI taraha aNu parimANa mAnanA hI ucita hai / samIkSA : AtmA ko aNu parimANa mAnane vAloM kI nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhyayoga, mImAMsA evaM zaMkarAcArya Adi dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina dArzanikoM ne kar3I AlocanA kI hai, jo nimnAMkita hai : ( a ) jaina dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki yadi AtmA ko aNu parimANa mAnA jAye to zarIra ke jisa bhAga meM AtmA rahegI usI bhAga meM hone vAlI saMvedanA kA anubhava kara sakegI, sampUrNa zarIra meM hone vAlI saMvedanAoM kA anubhava use na ho sakegA / isalie AtmA ko aNurUpa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / (A) aNurUpa AtmA alAtacakra ke samAna pUre zarIra meM tIvra gati se ghUma kara samasta zarIra meM sukha-duHkhAdi anubhava kara letA hai, aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki cakkara lagAte hue AtmA jisa samaya jisa aMga meM pahu~cegI usa samaya usI aMga kI saMvedanA kA anubhava kara sakegI evaM vahI aMga sacetana rahegA aura zeSa aMga acetana ho jAyeMge | ataH antarAla meM sukha kA viccheda ho jAegA / isalie AtmA aNurUpa nahIM hai / 2 (i) aNu parimANa AtmA mAnane vAle yadi yaha kaheM ki sarvAGga sukha kA anubhava honA vAyu kA svabhAva hai to unakA yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, sukhajJAnAdi acetana havA kA guNa nahIM hai balki cetana AtmA kA svabhAva hai / 3 (I) yadi AtmA aNu AkAra mAnA jAe to bhinna indriyoM se prApta hone vAlA jJAna eka hI samaya meM nahIM hotA, lekina nIbU dekha kara rasanA indriya meM vikAra utpanna honA siddha karatA hai ki yugapad do-tIna indriyoM kA jJAna hotA hai | ataH AtmA aNu parimANa nahIM hai / yadi AtmA aNu AkAra kA hotA hai to maiM pairoM se calatA hU~, hAtha se letA hU~, netroM se dekhatA hU~ Adi vibhinna pratIti eka samaya meM na hotI / yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki AtmA rAjA kI taraha eka jagaha rahakara vibhinna indriyoM rUpI naukaroM se iSTa-aniSTa ko jAna kara sukha-duHkha ko eka sAtha prApta karatA hai kyoMki jisa prakAra rAjA ke naukara 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika, pR0 409 / prameyaratnamAlA, pR0 295 / aura bhI dekheM -- brahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya, 2 / 3 / 29 / 2. prameyaratnamAlA, pR0 295 | zrAvakAcAra ( amitagati ) 4129 / 3. samIraNasvabhAvo'yaM suMdarA neti bhAratI / sukhajJAnAdayo bhAvAH saMti nAcetane yataH / - zrAvakAcAra, amitagati 4 / 30 /

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94 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra sacetana hote haiM usa prakAra indriyAdi sacetana nahIM hotI, isalie ve AtmA ko iSTa-aniSTa viSayoM kA samAcAra nahIM de sakate haiN| yadi kahA jAe ki indriyAdi sacetana haiM to eka zarIra meM aneka cetanoM (AtmAoM) ko mAnanA par3egA aura aisA mAnane se avyavasthA utpanna ho jaayegii| dUsarA doSa yaha AyegA ki eka zarIra meM aneka jIva eka sAtha vibhinna kriyA kareMge, jisake kAraNa zarIra naSTa hI ho jAyegA athavA zarIra niSkriya ho jaayegaa| indriyAdi samasta aMgopAMgoM ko macetana mAnane se AtmA deha-parimANa vAlA siddha ho jaayegaa|' yadi uparyukta doSoM se bacane ke lie kahA jAye ki indriyA~ sacetana nahIM acetana haiM to ve AtmA ko iSTa-aniSTa viSayoM kA jJAna usI prakAra nahIM karA sakatI haiM jisa prakAra acetana nakha, bAla iSTAdi kA jJAna nahIM karAte haiN| isake atirikta indriyA~ apanA pradeza chor3akara jIva ke pradezoM taka nahIM jAtI haiM / jIva svayaM indriya-pradeza taka pahu~ca kara iSTa-aniSTa kA jJAna karatA hai aisA mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki aisA mAnane se samasta zarIra meM eka sAtha sukhaduHkha kA anubhava na ho sakegA jaba ki saba zarIra meM eka sAtha sukhAdi kA anubhava hotA hai, yaha pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hai| ataH AtmA ko aNu parimANa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne aNu parimANa kI samIkSA meM kahA hai ki "AtmA ko aNu rUpa mAnane para AtmA niraMza ho jAyegI, aura aisA hone para do aMzoM ke pUrvottara meM sambandha na hone ke kAraNa koI bhI kArya siddha na ho skegaa|" isalie AtmA ko aNu rUpa mAnanA vyartha hai / karmodaya se prApta zarIra ke barAbara hI AtmA kA AkAra hotA hai, yahI mAnanA ucita hai / __AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai : nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, mImAMsA evaM advaita vedAnta meM AtmA ko sarvavyApaka mAnA gayA hai / gItA meM bhI AtmA ko vyApaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| unakA siddhAnta hai ki AtmA AkAza kI taraha amUrta dravya hai isalie vaha AkAza kI taraha vibhu arthAt mahAparimANa vAlA hai / AtmA ko vyApaka mAnane meM nyAya-vaizeSika kI yukti hai ki adRSTa sarvavyApI hai aura vaha AtmA kA guNa hai / isalie AtmA bhI vyApaka parimANa vAlA hai / 1. vizvatattvaprakAza (bhAvasena), pR0 206 / 2. vahI, pR0 207 / 3. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 235 / 4. gItA, 2 / 20 / 5. paMcadazI, 6 / 86 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 95 vaha na to aNu parimANa hai aura na deha parimANa hai / ataH AtmA ko vyApaka hI mAnanA caahie|' samIkSA : rAmAnujAcArya tathA jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko vibhu parimANa vAlA nahIM mAnA isalie unhoMne isa siddhAnta kA tAkika rUpa se khaNDana kiyA hai / AtmA amUrta hai isalie use vyApaka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki amUrta kA artha rUpAdi se rahita honA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika mata meM mana amUrta mAnA gayA hai lekina use ve vyApaka nahIM mAnate haiM / ataH yA to mana kI taraha AtmA ko vyApaka nahIM mAnanA cAhie, yA AtmA kI taraha mana ko vyApaka mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki mana aura AtmA donoM amUrta haiM / ataH AkAza kI taraha amUrta hone se AtmA ko vyApaka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai|' nyAya-vaizeSika : nyAya-vaizeSika Adi AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki AtmA vyApaka hai, kyoMki vyApaka AkAza kI taraha vaha nitya hai| jaina : jaina dArzanika pratyuttara meM kahate haiM ki yaha koI vyApti-niyama nahIM hai ki jo nitya ho, vaha vyApaka bhI ho| paramANu Adi nitya haiM kintu vyApaka nahIM haiM / AtmA nitya hai isalie vaha vyApaka hai, yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / isI prakAra yaha bhI kahanA ucita nahIM hai ki AtmA amUrta evaM nitya hai isalie vyApaka hai, kyoMki paramANuoM ke rUpAdi guNa amUrta aura nitya hote hue bhI vyApaka nahIM haiN| AtmA ko kathaMcit nitya mAnane para bhI vaha ghaTa kI taraha vyApaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| kUTastha nitya AtmA nahIM hai, yaha likhA jA cukA hai| nyAyavaizeSika : AtmA AkAza kI taraha sparzAdi se rahita hai, isalie AkAza kI taraha AtmA vyApaka hai / jaina : nyAya-vaizeSika kA uparyukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki guNa aura kriyA bhI sparza-vihIna hotI hai kintu vaha byApaka nahIM mAnI gayI hai| isI prakAra nyAya-vaizeSika ghaTa, paTa Adi kArya dravyoM ko utpatti ke prathama kSaNa meM 1. (ka) tarkabhASA (kezava mizra), pR0 149 / (kha ) prakaraNapaMjikA, pR0 157-58 / 2. vizvatattvaprakAza, (bhAvasena) 56 / 3. vahI, pR0 193 / 4. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 264, 266 / 5. guNakriyAbhirhetovyaMbhicArAt / vizvatattva prakAza, pR0 193 /

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96 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra sparzarahita mAnate haiM kintu vyApaka nahIM mAnate haiM / ataH sparzAdi se rahita hone ke kAraNa AtmA ko vyApaka mAnane se guNa-kriyA evaM utpatti ke prathama kSaNa meM ghaTAdi kArya dravyoM ko vyApaka mAnanA par3egA / ataH AtmA vibhu nahIM hai | " prabhAcandra kA kahanA hai ki pratyakSa pramANa se apane-apane zarIra meM hI sukhAdi svabhAva vAle AtmA kI pratIti sabhI ko hotI hai / dUsare ke zarIra meM aura antarAla meM usakI pratIti nahIM hotI hai / isalie AtmA ko vibhu athavA vyApaka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAe to sabhI sarvajJa bana jAe~ge kyoMki sabhI ko sarvatra apanI AtmA kI pratoti hotI hai / isake atirikta vibhu AtmavAda meM bhojanAdi vyavahAra meM saMkara (mizraNa) doSa bhI AtA hai? kyoMki AtmA vyApaka hai isalie eka khAyegA to sabako usakA rasAsvAdana hogA / jo kisI ko bhI mAnya nahIM hai, isalie AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai, yaha pratyakSa pramANa se siddha hai / anumAna pramANa se bhI siddha hotA hai ki AtmA vyApaka athavA parama-parimANa vAlA nahIM hai kyoMki dUsare dravyoM kI apekSA usameM ghaTAdi kI taraha asAdhAraNa sAmAnya rahatA hai tathA vaha aneka hai / 'AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai kyoMki AtmA dizA, kAla aura AkAza se bhinna dravya haiM, jaise ghaTa | AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai kyoMki vANAdi kI taraha AtmA sakriya hai / 'AtmA vyApaka evaM aNurUpa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha cetana hai, jo vyApaka yA aNurUpa hote haiM ve cetana nahIM hote haiM, jaise AkAza evaM paramANu / ' uparyukta anumAnoM se siddha hai ki AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai / nyAyavaizeSikoM kA kathana hai ki AtmA aNu parimANa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha nitya dravya hai, jaise AkAza / kintu unakA yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki uparyukta anumAna meM AtmA ke aNu parimANa kA niSedha kA tAtparya hai kyA ? kyA uparyukta pratiSedha prasajya rUpa hai yA paryudAsarUpa ? yadi AtmA meM aNuparimANa ke niSedha kA tAtparya paryudAsa rUpa abhAva hai to aNuparimANa ke abhAva hone se AtmA 3 1. atha tadvyavacchedArtha sparzarahitadravyatvAdityucyata iti cenna / ghaTapaTAdikAryadravyANAmutpanna prathamasamaye sparzAdirahitatvena hetorvyAbhicArAt / - vizvatattvaprakAza, pR0 193 / 2. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 570 / nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 261 / 3. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 570, 571 / nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 292 / prameyaratnamAlA, pR0 292 / 4. eka vastu ke abhAva meM dUsarI vastu kA sadbhAva grahaNa karanA paryudAsa kahalAtA hai / pratyakSAdanyo pratyakSa iti paryudAsaH / rAjavArtika, 22818 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 97 yA to mahAparimANa ho sakatA hai athavA madhya parimANa / yadi AtmA meM aNuparimANa ke niSedha kA tAtparya yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki AtmA mahAparimANa kA adhikaraNa hai, to yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki anadhikaraNatva hetu aura mahAparimANa sAdhya donoM samAna ho jAyeMge / aura yadi 'AtmA aNuparimANa kA adhikaraNa nahIM hai' isa paryudAsa rUpa abhAva kA tAtparya avAntara parimANa rUpa AtmA hai yaha mAnA jAtA hai to naiyAyikoM kA yaha anumAna, 'AtmA vyApaka hai aNuparimANa kA anadhikaraNa hone se' mithyA hai kyoMki isa anumAna meM diyA gayA hetu anadhikaraNatva AtmA ko vyApaka siddha na karake madhyamaparimANa siddha karatA hai| ataH yaha kahanA ki AtmA vyApaka hai, ThIka nahIM hai| yadi aNuparimANa ke niSedha kA tAtparya prasajya rUpa abhAva mAnA jAe to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki prasajya abhAva tucchAbhAva hotA hai isalie hetu asiddha hone se sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| tucchAbhAva kisI pramANa kA viSaya bhI nahIM hai isIlie isase sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi tucchAbhAva ko siddha mAna bho liyA jAya to prazna hotA hai ki yaha sAdhya (mahAparimANa arthAt vyApaka) kA svabhAva hai athavA kArya ? tucchAbhAva ko sAdhya kA svabhAva to mAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai anyathA hetu kI taraha sAdhya bhI tucchAbhAva rUpa ho jaaegaa| isI prakAra tucchAbhAva ko sAdhya kA kArya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki tucchAbhAva meM kAryatva nahIM bana sakatA hai / ataH 'AtmA vyApaka hai' isa sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie diyA gayA hetu 'aNuparimANa kA anadhikaraNa hone se' sadoSa hone ke kAraNa AtmA ko vyApaka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| isI prakAra naiyAyikAdi kA yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki AtmA AkAza kI taraha vyApaka hai kyoMki sarvatra usake guNoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai, yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki 'sarvatra' se kyA tAtparya hai ? kyA sarvatra kA artha apane sampUrNa zarIra meM gaNoM kI upalabdhi honA yA para-zarIra meM bhI guNoM kI upalabdhi honA hai 1. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 517 / nyAyakumudacandra pR0 262 / prameyaratna mAlA, pR0 292 / 2. vastu kA abhAva mAtra prakaTa karanA arthAt mAtra abhAva samajhanA prasajya abhAva kahalAtA hai jaise isa bhUtala para ghaTa kA abhAva / nyAyavinizcaya vRtti, 2 / 123 / 3. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 571 / prameyaralamAlA, pR0 297 /

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98 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra cch athavA antarAla meM bhI guNoM kI upalabdhi honA hai / prathama pakSa mAnane se hetu viruddha hone se anumAna viruddha hetvAbhAsa se dUSita hai / kyoMki svazarIra meM sarvatra guNoM kI upalabdhi hone se AtmA sva-zarIra meM hI siddha hogI / yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki para-zarIra meM bhI guNoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai to hetu asiddha ho jAegA kyoMki yaha likhA jA cukA hai ki para- zarIra meM buddhyAdi guNoM kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai anyathA sabhI prANI sarvajJa bana jAyeMge / guNoM kI upalabdhi zarIra ke alAvA antarAla meM arthAt zarIra ke bAhara nahIM ho sakatI hai / nyAya-vaizeSikAdi dArzanikoM ne ke guNoM AtmA ko guNoM kI vyApaka siddha karane ke lie jisa prakAra sarvatra upalabdhi kI yaha udAharaNa diyA thA ki AkAza hotI hai usI prakAra AtmA ke sarvatra upalabdhi hotI hai / ataH yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki AkAza ke kauna se guNa kI sarvatra upalabdhi hotI hai : zabda guNa kI athavA mahat guNa kI ? zabda AkAza kA guNa hI nahIM, vaha to pudgala hai, isalie usakI sarvatra upalabdhi se AkAza ko vyApaka mAnanA vyartha hI hai / isI prakAra mahat guNa kI sarvatra upalabdhi na hone se AkAza ko vyApaka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki mahat guNa atIndriya hai / ataH udAharaNa hI ThIka nahIM hai isalie AtmA ko vyApaka siddha karanA atArkika hai / adRSTa AtmA kA guNa nahIM hai : nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne adRSTa ko AtmA kA guNa mAnA hai aura usa guNa ko lekina unakA yaha kathana vyApaka batalAkara AtmA ko vyApaka siddha kiyA hai, ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki adRSTa AtmA kA guNa nahIM balki karma hai / havA kA tirachA calanA, agni kA U~ce jAnA svabhAva se hI siddha hai / yadi agni kI dahana zakti kA kAraNa adRSTa mAnA jAye to ThIka nahIM hai anyathA tInoM lokoM kI racanA kA kAraNa adRSTa ko mAnanA hogA, Izvara ko nahIM / ataH AtmA ke guNa sarvatra nahIM pAye jAte haiM / isalie AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai / isake viparIta AtmA ke guNa zarIra meM pAye jAte haiM isalie AtmA ko zarIra pramANa mAnanA cAhie | amitagati ne brahmAdvaita kI samIkSA meM kahA bhI hai 'AtmA ko sarvavyApI kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki zarIra ke bAhara AtmA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai / ( dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ) zarIra ke bAhara AtmA kA guNa jJAna rahatA hai 44 1. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 0569 / 2 . vahI / 3. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pu0 569 / 4. syAdvAdamaMjarI, 9 //

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 99 to vahA~ para kRta-vakRta buddhi honA cAhie lekina hotI nahIM haiM / isalie siddha hai ki jJAna zarIra ke bAhara nahIM rahatA hai| jaba AtmA kA guNa jJAna zarIra ke bAhara nahIM hai to zarIra ke bAhara AtmA kaise raha sakatI hai arthAt nahIM raha sakatI hai| kyoMki guNa ke binA guNI nahIM rahatA hai / " svAmI kArtikeya ne bhI kahA hai : "AtmA sarvagata nahIM hai kyoMki sarvajJa ko sukha-duHkha kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai / zarIra meM sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hone ke kAraNa AtmA deha parimANa hai / 2 ataH ghaTa kI taraha AtmA avyApaka hai / hemacandra ne bhI yahI kahA hai| AtmA vyApaka mAnane se eka doSa yaha bhI AtA hai ki sabhI AtmAoM ke zubha-azubha karmoM kA mizraNa ho jAegA / ataH eka ke duHkhI hone se sabhI duHkhI aura eka ke sukhI hone para sabhI sukhI ho jaayeNge|" AtmA vyApaka mAmane se AtmA ko saMsAra kA kartA mAnanA hogA kyoMki AtmA aura Izvara donoM ko nyAya-vaizeSika vyApaka mAnate haiM isalie donoM paraspara dUdha-pAnI kI taraha mila jAyeMge isalie donoM sRSTikartA hoMge yA donoM nahIM hoNge| AtmA ko vyApaka mAnane para eka doSa yaha bhI AtA hai ki sabhI vyApaka AtmAoM ko svarga, naraka Adi samasta paryAyoM kA eka sAtha anubhava hone lagegA / yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai ki AtmA apane zarIra meM raha kara kisI eka paryAya kA upabhoga karatA hai kyoMki deha pramANa AtmA nyAya-vaizeSikAdi dArzanikoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| AtmA ko eka deza rUpa se zarIra meM vyApaka mAnane para AtmA ko sAvayava yA aNurUpa mAnanA hogA, aisI hAlata meM vaha AtmA sampUrNa zarIra kA bhoga nahIM kara skegii| vyApaka parimANa AtmA mAnane para AtmA ke saMsAra Adi asambhava ho jAyeMge / ataH ekAnta rUpa se AtmA ko vyApaka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / 1. zrAvakAcAra (amitagati) 4 / 25-7 / 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 177 / / 3. anyayogavyavacchedikA, 9 / / 4. syAdvAdamaMjarI, 9 / 5. vahI, pR0 70 / 6. vizvatattvaprakAza, pR0 197 / 7. syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR0 70 / 8. sattvArthavArtika, 2 / 29 / 3 / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 1379 / ....

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100 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra - nyAya-vaizeSika cintakoM kA kahanA hai ki AtmA ko vyApaka na mAnane se paramANuoM ke sAtha usakA sambandha na hone se apane zarIra ke yogya paramANuoM ko ekatra nahIM kara sakegI aura zarIra ke abhAva meM sabhI AtmAoM kA mokSa mAnanA pdd'egaa| jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki naiyAyikoM kA uparyukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki yaha koI nizcita niyama nahIM hai ki saMyukta hone para hI AkarSaNa hotA hai / cumbaka lohe ke sAtha saMyukta nahIM hotA hai phira bhI lohe ko AkarSita kara letA hai| isI prakAra AtmA kA paramANu ke sAtha saMyoga na hone para bhI apane zarIra ke yogya paramANuoM ko AkarSita kara sakatA hai / ataH AtmA ko vyApaka mAnanA ucita nahIM hai|' jIva kathaMcit sarvavyApI hai : jaina-darzana meM AtmA ko kathaMcit sarvavyApI mAnA gayA hai| AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hone se jJAna-pramANa hai / aura jJAna samasta jJeya padArthoM ko jAnane se jJeya-pramANa hai tathA jJeya samasta lokAloka hai isalie jJAna sarvagata hai / jJAna sarvagata hone se AtmA sarvagata siddha hotA hai| yadi AtmA ko jJAna pramANa na mAnA jAya to yA to vaha jJAna se kama hogA yA adhika ? yadi jJAna ko AtmA se choTA mAnA jAegA to caitanya ke sAtha jJAna kA sambandha na hone se jJAna acetana ho jAegA ataH padArthoM ko nahIM jAna skegaa| yadi AtmA jJAna se bar3A hai to jJAna ke binA AtmA padArthoM ko nahIM jAna skegaa| ataH AtmA jJAna pramANa hI hai isalie AtmA vyApaka hai| karmarahita kevalI bhagavAn apane avyAbAdha kevalajJAna se loka aura aloka ko jAnate haiM isalie ve sarvagata haiN|" AtmA zarIra pramANa hai : upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko deha pramANa bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki AtmA nakha se zikha taka vyApta hai| jaina 1. syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR0 70 / 2. AdA NANapamANaM NANaM NeyappamANamuddiTheM / NeyaM loyAloyaM tamhA gANaM tu savvagayaM |-prvcnsaar, 1123, tathA paMcAstikAya, 85 / 3. pravacanasAra, 1 // 24-25 / 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 254-255 / 5. appA kammavivajjiyau kevala NANeNa jeNa / loyAlou vi muNai jiya savvagu vuccai teNa ||-prmaatmprkaash, 1152 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza: 101 darzana ne Arambha se AtmA ko deha-pramANa pratipAdita kiyA hai / ' deha-pramANa kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA ko apane saMcita karma ke anusAra jitanA choTA-bar3A zarIra milatA hai usa pUre zarIra meM vyApta ho kara vaha rahatA hai / zarIra kA koI bhI aMza aisA nahIM hotA hai jahA~ jIva na ho / jIva meM saMkocavistAra karane kI zakti hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jIva pradeza, dharma, adharma aura lokAkAza ke barAbara hote hue bhI karmArjita zarIra meM vyApta ho kara arthAt-yadi zarIra choTA hotA hai to apane pradezoM kA saMkoca kara letA hai aura yadi zarIra bar3A hotA hai to apane pradezoM ko phailA kara usameM vyApta ho jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha-jaba padmarAga ratna ko choTe bartana meM rakhe hue dUdha meM DAlA jAtA hai to vaha usa sampUrNa dUdha ko prakAzita karatA hai aura jaba usI ratna ko bar3e bartana meM rakhe hue dUdha meM DAlA jAtA hai to vaha usa bar3e bartana ke dUdha ko prakAzita karatA hai| isa prakAra AtmA zarIra meM rahatA huA sampUrNa zarIra ko prakAzita karatA hai / kahA bhI hai-'amUrta AtmA ke saMkoca-vistAra kI siddhi apane anubhava se siddha hotI hai kyoMki jIva sthUla tathA kRza zarIra meM tathA bAlaka aura kumAra ke zarIra meM vyApta hotA hai / 2 anagAradharmAmRta meM bhI kahA hai ki jJAna darzana sukhAdi guNoM se yukta apanI AtmA kA apane anubhava se apane zarIra ke bhItara sabhI jIvoM ko jJAna hotA hai / isa prakAra siddha hai ki AtmA zarIrapramANa hai| malliSeNa ne spaSTa likhA hai ki AtmA madhyama parimANa vAlA hai, kyoMki usake jJAnAdi guNa zarIra meM dRSTigocara hote haiM, zarIra ke bAhara nahIM / jisake guNa jahA~ hote haiM vaha vastu vahIM para hotI hai, jaise ghaTa ke rUpa raMgAdi jahA~ hote haiM vahIM para ghaTa hotA hai / isI prakAra AtmA ke guNa caitanya pUre zarIra meM rahate haiM isalie siddha hai ki AtmA sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai / jisa vastu ke guNa jahA~ upalabdha nahIM hote haiM vaha vastu vahAM nahIM hotI hai| 1. dehamAtraparicchinno madhyamo jinasammataH / tarkabhASA : kezavamizra, pR0 153 / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0 76 / sarvatra dehamadhye jIvo'sti na caikdeshe|-pNcaastikaay, tAtparyavRtti, pR0 72 / paMcadazI, 6 / 82 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 5 / 8 / tattvArthavAtika, 5 / 8 / 4 / 3 pravacanasAra tattvapradIpikA TIkA, gA0 137 / 4. svAMga eva svasaMvittyA svAtmA jJAnasukhAdimAn / yataH saMvedyate sarvaH svadehapramitistataH ||-angaardhrmaamRt, 2 / 31 / /

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102 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra udAharaNArtha agni ke guNa jala meM nahIM hote haiM, isalie agni jala meM nahIM hotI hai / " AtmA ke deha pramANa mAnane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki zarIra ke kisI bhI bhAga meM hone vAlI vedanA kI anubhUti AtmA ko hotI hai / maiM sukhI hU~, duHkhI hU~, ye pratItiyA~ zarIra meM hI dRSTigocara hotI haiM / kisI prasanna vyakti kA ceharA khila jAtA hai, zarIra meM utsAha A jAtA hai aura duHkhI hone para udAsI mukha para chA jAtI hai ataH sukha-duHkha kA prabhAva AtmA ke sAtha hI zarIra para par3ane se siddha hai ki AtmA deha pramANa hai / 3 AtmA kA deha pramANa hone kA kAraNa usameM prApta saMkoca - vistAra zakti bhI hai / asaMkhyAta pradezI anantAnanta jIva loka ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM kisa prakAra rahatA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM batAyA gayA hai ki AtmA meM dIpaka kI taraha saMkoca - vistAra zakti pAI jAtI hai / AtmA apane karma ke anusAra jaba hAthI kI yoni chor3akara cIMTI ke zarIra meM praveza karatA hai to apanI saMkoca zakti ke kAraNa apane pradezoM ko saMkucita karake usameM rahatA hai aura cIMTI kA jIva mara kara jaba hAthI kA zarIra pAtA hai to jala meM tela kI bUMda kI taraha phailakara sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta ho jAtA hai / yadi zarIra ke anusAra AtmA saMkoca - vistAra na kare to bacapana kI AtmA dUsarI aura yuvAvasthA kI dUsarI mAnanI par3egI aura aisA mAnane se bacapana kI smRti yuvAvasthA meM na honA cAhie / lekina bacapana kI smRti yuvAvasthA meM hotI hai isalie siddha hai ki AtmA dehapramANa hai / " 6 aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki AtmAoM ke saMkoca vistAra kA kAraNa kyA hai ? jaina cintaka isake pratyuttara meM kahate haiM ki AtmA ke saMkoca - vistAra kI zakti kA kAraNa kArmaNa zarIra hai / kArmaNa zarIra jaba taka AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai tabhI taka AtmA meM saMkoca - vistAra kI zakti pAI jAtI hai / jisa samaya AtmA samasta karmoM kA kSaya karake mukta ho jAtA hai usa samaya usameM saMkoca - vistAra kI zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai / ataH saMsArI AtmA saMkoca vistAra 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1586; syAdvAdamaMjarI, 9, pR0 67 / 2. tarkabhASA pR0 52 / 3. vistAra se draSTavya - Atmarahasya, pR0 60 / 4. tattvArthasUtra, 5 / 16 / yogasAra prAbhRta, 2 / 14; tatvArthavArtika, 5 / 16 / 1 / 5. tattvArthazlokavArtika, pR0 409 / rAjapraznIya sUtra 152 / 6. tattvArthasAra, 232 //

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 103 zakti ke kAraNa deha pramANa hai / ' AcArya rAmAnuja ne jJAna ko saMkoca-vistAra vAlA mAnA hai / ataH AtmA zarIra parimANa hai / dehapramANa AtmA mAnane para AkSepa aura parihAra : (1) jina bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko dehapramANa nahIM mAnA hai unhoMne isakI samIkSA kI hai| yadi AtmA saMkoca-vistAra vAlA hai to saMkucita hokara itanA choTA kyoM nahIM ho jAtA hai ki AkAza ke eka deza meM eka jIva raha sake ? isI prakAra vistAra zakti ke kAraNa sampUrNa loka meM kyoM nahIM phaila jAtA hai ? jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki AtmA ke saMkoca kA kAraNa kArmaNa zarIra hai, isalie jIva kama se kama aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke barAbara ho sakatA hai, isase choTA zarIra vAlA jIva nahIM ho sakatA hai| sUkSma nigodiyA labdhaparyAptaka jIva hI sabase choTA hai| isI prakAra vistaraNa zakti ke kAraNa jIva adhika se adhika lokAkAza ke barAbara ho sakatA hai| AgamoM meM aisA ullekha hai ki svayaMbhUramaNa samudra ke madhya meM rahane vAlA mahAmatsya, jo hajAra yojana lambA, pAMca sau yojana caur3A aura DhAI sau yojana moTA hai, sabase bar3A jIva hai / / (ka) jainetara dArzanika kahate haiM ki madhyama parimANa hone se AtmA sAvayava ho jAyegI aura sAvayava hone ke kAraNa use anitya mAnanA par3egA, jo jainoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| uparyukta doSa kA nirAkaraNa karate hue jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki AtmA . anitya ho sakatA thA jaba usake avayava kisI anya dravya ke saMghAta se bane hote / kyoMki sakAraNa bane hue vastu ke avayava vinAzazIla hote haiN| jisa padArtha ke avayava kAraNa rahita hote haiM usake avayava naSTa nahIM hote haiM / jaise paramANu ke avayava vizleSaNa karane para bhI naSTa nahIM hote haiM / isI prakAra avibhAgI dravya svarUpa AtmA ke avayava akAraNa hone ke kAraNa vizleSaNa karane para naSTa nahIM hote haiM / ataH dravyAthika naya kI apekSA se AtmA nitya evaM avinAzI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki paryAyAthika naya kI apekSA se AtmA ko kathaMcit anitya bhI mAnA gayA hai / kyoMki pahale jo Atmapradeza zarIra sambaddha the, ve zarIra ke nAza hone para zarIra rahita pradeza meM avasthita ho jAte haiN| unakA zarIra se cheda 1. paMcAstikAya, 32 / 33 / tattvArthazlokavArtika, 10 400 / 2. prameyaratnamAlA, pR0 297 / 3. tattvArthavArtika; 5 / 16; 4-5 / gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 94 / 4. vahI, 95 / bhagavatImArAdhanA vijayodayATIkA, 1649 /

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104 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ho jAne ke kAraNa AtmA kA bhI cheda mAnane meM koI doSa nahIM hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAe to kaTe hue aMga meM kampana kriyA kI upalabdhi nahIM honI caahie| kaTe hue zarIra ke bhAga ke Atmapradeza punaH pahale vAle AtmapradezoM meM A kara mila jAte haiM / isa bAta ko kamala kI nAla kA udAharaNa dekara malliSeNa ne samajhAyA hai| ataH AtmA ko deha pramANa mAnane para bhI AtmA meM punarjanma aura mokSAdi kA abhAva nahIM AtA hai / isalie AtmA ko deha pramANa hI mAnanA cAhie / mukta jIva bhI antima zarIra ke AkAra ke hI hote haiM aura ve usI AkAra meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / ___ kevalIsamuddhAta kI apekSA AtmA kA AkAra : siddhAntacakravartI nemicandrAcArya ne gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM samuddhAta ke svarUpa vivecana meM kahA hai ki "mUla zarIra ko tyAge binA uttara zarIra arthAt taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra ke sAtha-sAtha Atma pradezoM kA zarIra se bAhara nikalanA samuddhAta kahalAtA hai / " samuddhAta ke sAta bhedoM meM kevalIsamuddhAta bhI eka bheda hai| chaha mAha kI Ayu bAkI rahane para jinheM kevalajJAna hotA hai ve kevalI niyamataH antarmuhUrta Ayu karma ke bAkI bacane para aura vedanIya, gotra aura nAma karma kI sthiti adhika hone para unase Ayu karma ko barAbara karane ke lie samuddhAta karate haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM udAharaNa dvArA kevalIsamuddhAta ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kevalIsamuddhAta meM AtmA caudaha rajju caur3e tIna lokoM meM vyApta ho jAtA hai / isalie samuddhAta kI apekSA AtmA vyApaka hai|' AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA bhI hai 'kevalo samuddhAta ke samaya jaba jIva jIvaloka meM vyApaka hotA hai usa samaya jIva ke madhya ke ATha pradeza meru parvata ke nIce citrA pRthivI ke vajrapaTala 1. tattvArthavArtika, 5 / 16 / 4.6 / tattvArthazlokavArtika, pR0 409 / 2. syAdvAdamaMjarI, 9 / 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gA0 668 / 4. sa saptavidhaH vedanAkaSAyamAraNAntikatejovikrayA''hAre kevaliviSayabhedAt / -tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 20 / 12 / 5. ( ka ) bhagavatIArAdhanA, kA0 2109 / (kha ) dhavalA 11111, sUtra 60 / 6. dhavalA 111 / 1 / sUtra 60, pR0 302 / 7. bhagavatIArAdhanA, 2113-16 / 8. sarvArthasiddhi, 5 / 8 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 105 ke madhya meM sthita ho jAte haiM aura zeSa pradeza Upara-nIce aura tirache sampUrNa loka ko vyApta kara lete haiM / ' "isa prakAra kevalIsamuddhAta kI apekSA AtmA vyApaka bhI hai, lekina yaha kabhI-kabhI hotA hai isalie AtmA ko kathaMcit vyApaka mAnanA to sambhava hai, lekina sarvathA nahIM / AtmA sakriya hai : jaina dArzanika AtmA aura pudgala ko sakriya mAna kara zeSa dravyoM ko niSkriya mAnate haiM / tattvArthasUtra ke pAMcaveM adhyAya meM eka sUtra hai : ___ "niSkriyANi ca" isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue pUjyapAda ne likhA hai "dharma-adharma aura AkAza dravya ko niSkriya mAnane se siddha hotA hai ki jIva aura pudgala sakriya hai|" akalaMkadeva Adi AcAryoM ne bhI pUjyapAda kA anukaraNa karate hue AtmA ko sakriya batalAyA hai| eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM gamana karanA kriyA kahalAtI hai| jisake kAraNa Atma-pradezoM meM kampana arthAt parispandana yA halana calana hotA hai vaha kriyA kahalAtI hai| kahA bhI hai 'antaraMga aura bahiraMga ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAlI jo paryAya dravya ko eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM le jAtI hai vaha kriyA kahalAtI hai|" jIva dravya meM gati, sthiti aura avagAhana rUpa kriyA hotI hai| yahA~ dhyAtavya yaha hai ki saMsArI jIvoM meM hI uparyukta vibhAva kriyA hotI hai, yukta jIvoM meM svAbhAvika kriyA hotI hai| ataH AtmA sakriya evaM pariNAmI hai| AtmA ko sakriya evaM pariNAmI mAnanA jaina dArzanikoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai / AtmA ko vyApaka evaM kUTastha nitya mAne jAne ke kAraNa vaidika dArzanikoM ne use niSkriya tathA apariNAmI mAnA hai / sAMkhya dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko niSkriya siddha karane ke lie eka tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki sat, raja aura tama guNoM ke kAraNa hI kriyA sambhava hai aura puruSa meM ye guNa nahIM hote haiM isalie vaha niSkriya hai| puruSa ko niSkriya mAna kara unhoMne prakRti ko sakriya mAnA hai| 1. ( ka ) vahI, 5 / 8 / ( kha ) tattvArthavArtika 5 / 8 / 4 / 2. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, ( kha ) tattvArthavAtika 1 / 8 / 2 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 5 / 7 / 4. dhavalA, 111, 1 / 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 5 / 7 / tattvArthavArtika, 5 / 22 / 19 / 6. niyamasAra, tAtparyavRttiTIkA, 184 / gadiThAcomahakiriyA jIvANaM pogga lANameva ho|-gommttsaar, jIvakANDa, 566 /

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106 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra nyAya-vaizeSika evaM mImAMsaka dArzanika zarIra ke samavAya sambandha se AtmA meM kriyA mAnate haiN| AtmA niSkriya nahIM hai : jaina dArzanika AtmA ko niSkriya nahIM mAnate haiM, isalie unhoMne niSkriya AtmavAdiyoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA ko niSkriya mAnane se zarIra meM kisI prakAra kI kriyA na ho skegii| vidyAnanda AcArya ne kahA bhI hai : 'AtmA kriyAzIla hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra pudgala dravya ke kAraNa anya dravyoM meM kriyA hotI hai isI prakAra Atma dravya ke kAraNa bhI anya padArthoM meM kriyA hotI hai isalie AtmA sakriya hai|' 'bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne bhI kahA hai : 'AtmA ko niSkriya mAnane se AtmA zarIra kI kriyA meM kAraNa usI prakAra nahIM ho sakegI jisa prakAra AkAza ke pradeza niSkriya hone se zarIra kI kriyA meM kAraNa nahIM haiN|' dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi AtmA ko sarvathA niSkriya tathA amUrta mAna liyA jAya to AtmA aura zarIra meM sambandha na hone ke kAraNa paraspara upakArAdi karanA asambhava ho jaaegaa| vidyAnanda evaM bhaTTAkalaMka deva kA kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra vAyu meM kriyAzIlatA dRSTigocara na hone para bhI tRNAdi ke hilane-ur3ane se anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vAyu sakriya hai, usI prakAra kriyAzIlatA dRSTigocara na hone para bhI kriyA svabhAva AtmA ke vIryAntarAya aura jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya yA kSayopazama se, aMgopAMga nAmaka nAmakarma ke udaya aura vihAyogati nAmaka nAmakarma se vizeSa zakti milane para AtmA ke gatizIla hone para hAtha pairAdi meM kriyA hotI hai / phalataH zarIrAdi kriyA dekha kara AtmA sakriya hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| AtmA ko niSkriya mAnane vAle vaizeSika Adi dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki zarIrAdi dravyoM meM prayatna, dharma, adharma AtmaguNoM ke kAraNa kriyA hotI hai / yadi AtmA ko sakriya svabhAva vAlA mAnA jAye to mukta AtmA ko bhI sakriya mAnanA pdd'egaa| __ isake pratyuttara meM jaina cintaka kahate haiM ki : vaizeSikoM kA upayukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jisa prakAra niSkriya AkAza ke sAtha ghaTa kA saMyoga hone 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 57 / sarvathA niSkriyasyApi svayaMmAnavirodhataH / AtmA hi prerako heturiSTaH kAyAdi karmaNi ||-vhii, 5 / 7 / 17 / 2. tattvArthavArtika, 57 / 14 / 3. vhii| 4. tattvArthazlokavAtika, 5 / 7 / 18-19; tattvArthavAtika, 577 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 107 para ghaTa meM kriyA nahIM hotI hai usI prakAra niSkriya AtmA kA saMyoga aura prayatna se zarIrAdi meM kriyA nahIM ho sakatI hai / " dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki nyAya-vaizeSika mata meM guNa aura karma niSkriya mAne gaye haiM / ataH saMyoga aura guNa ke niSkriya hone ke kAraNa inake sambandha se zarIrAdi meM kriyA usI prakAra nahIM ho sakatI jisa prakAra do janmAndhoM ke milane se darzana - zakti nahIM utpanna ho sakatI haiN| tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki dharma, adharma pudgala dravya ke pariNAma haiM isalie unheM AtmA ke guNa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / 4 niSkriya AtmavAdI vaizeSikoM kA kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra agni saMyoga uSNa guNa kI apekSA se ghaTAdi meM pAkaja rUpAdi utpanna karatA hai svayaM agni meM nahIM, isI prakAra adRSTa kI apekSA se AtmA saMyoga aura prayatna zarIrAdi meM kriyA utpanna kara deMge / ataH AtmA ko sakriya mAnanA vyartha hai / jaina dArzanika pratyuttara meM kahate haiM ki agni uSNa svabhAva vAlI hai isalie ghaTAdi meM pAkAdi kriyA ho jAtI hai / isI prakAra kriyA pariNAmI dravya AtmasaMyoga aura prayatna hAtha Adi meM kriyA kara sakatA hai / jisa prakAra se anuSNa, apreraka, anupaghAtI aura aprApta saMyoga rUpAdi kI utpatti nahIM kara sakatA usI prakAra niSkriya dravya kisI dUsare niSkriya dravya meM nahIM utpanna kara sakegA / 5 saMyoga se kriyA vaizeSikoM kA yaha kathana ki saMsArI AtmA kI taraha muktAtmA bhI sakriya ho jAyagI, ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki AtmA meM do prakAra kI svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika kriyAe~ hotI haiM / saMsArI AtmA meM donoM prakAra kI kriyAeM hotI haiM aura karma-vimukta jIva ke vaibhAvika kriyA kA vinAza ho jAtA hai kintu svAbhAvika kriyA unameM hotI hai / ananta jJAnAdi pariNamana rUpa kriyA muktAtmA meM sadaiva hotI rahatI hai / ataH siddha hai ki muktAtmA saMsArI AtmA kI taraha sakriya na hone para bhI niSkriya nahIM hai / 1. tattvArthavArtika, 51778 / 2 vaizeSika sUtra 5 / 2 / 21-22 / 3. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 5 / 7 / 4. vahI / 5. tattvArthavArtika, 5 / 7 / 9-13 / 6. tattvArthavArtika 5 / 719-13 /

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108 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra AtmA ke kriyAzIla hone para bhI use sarvathA anitya kahanA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sAMkhya dArzanikoM ne ahaMkArAdi tathA paramANu Adi ko kriyAvAn mAna kara nitya mAnA hai / naiyAyikoM ne paramANu aura mana ko sakriya mAna kara bhI anitya nahIM mAnA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne paryAyAthika naya kI apekSA se AtmA ko anitya aura nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se niSkriya tathA nitya mAnA hai / sarvathA nitya to ghaTa bhI nahIM, taba AtmA kaise ho sakatA hai|' AtmA vyApaka hai isalie niSkriya hai, niSkriya-AtmavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki AtmA vyApaka nahIM hai, isakA tArkika parizIlana Age kiyA jaaegaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jisa prakAra bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoM se patthara sakriya hotA hai usI prakAra svAbhAvika kriyAzIla AtmA zarIra pariNAma vAlA hokara zarIra kRta kriyAoM ke anusAra svayaM sakriya ho jAtA hai aura zarIra ke abhAva meM dIpaka ko zikhA ke samAna svAbhAvika kriyAyukta hI rahatA hai| yadi AtmA ko niSkriya mAnA jAe to bandha-mokSa na ho skegaa| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA kriyAvAn hai, kyoMki vaha avyApaka hai / jo-jo avyApaka dravya hote haiM ve sakriya hote haiM jaise pRthvI Adi / AtmA bhI avyApaka hai isalie sakriya hai / isa prakAra anumAna se bhI AtmA sakriya siddha hotA hai| AtmA nitya hai : jaina-darzana meM anya dravyoM kI taraha AtmA bhI pariNAmI evaM nitya mAnA gayA hai / vaha bhI utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya svabhAva vAlA hai / apane svabhAva meM abasthita rahanA pariNAma kahalAtA hai / AtmA meM isa prakAra kA pariNAma pAyA jAtA hai isalie AtmA pariNAmI kahalAtA hai| pariNAma kA artha parivartana hotA hai / ataH svadravyatva jAti ko chor3e binA dravya kA svAbhAvika athavA prAyogika parivatana pariNAma kahalAtA hai| parivartana yA pariNAma ko paryAya bhI kahA 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika 5 / 7 / 45-46 / 2. tattvArthavArtika 5 / 7 / 24-25 / nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 266 / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 29 / 2 / 4. vahI, 2 / 29 / 3 / nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 266 / 5. tattvArthazlokavAtika 114:45 / 6. pravacanasAra, 99 / tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH / -tattvArya sUtra, 5 / 42 / 7. tattvArthavArtika 5 / 22 / 10 / pariNAmo vivartaH / -nyAyavinizcaya TIkA, 1 / 10 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 109 jAtA hai / vyaMjana paryAya' aura arthaparyAya ye do paryAya dravyoM meM pAI jAtI hai jinake kAraNa ve dravya pariNAmI kahalAte haiM / jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya donoM meM isa prakAra kI paryAyeM pAI jAtI haiM isalie jIva aura pudgala pariNAmI dravya kahalAte haiM / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina cAra dravyoM meM arthaparyAyeM hI hotI haiM isalie ye arthaparyAya kI apekSA se to pariNAmI hai| kintu inameM vyaMjana paryAyoM kA abhAva hotA hai isalie vyaJjana paryAya kI apekSA se ye apariNAmI kahalAte haiN| jIva dravya pariNamana apekSA se anitya hai| kintu anitya kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki usakA sarvathA vinAza ho jAtA hai| use anitya kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki usakI vartamAna paryAya bhaviSyatkAlIna paryAya meM badala jAtI hai / kintu donoM paryAyoM meM rahane vAlA vahI jIva AtmA hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, dravya sva kI apekSA se Atma-dravya nitya evaM apariNAmI tathA paryAya kI apekSA se anitya tathA pariNAmI hai / harivaMzapurANa meM kahA bhI hai : drvypryaayruuptvaannityaanityobhyaatmkaaH|4 bAlyAvasthA se yuvAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA se jarAvasthA prApta karanA tathA karmoM ke anusAra manuSyagati, narakagati, tithaMcagati aura devagati ko prApta karanA AtmA kA pariNAma kahalAtA hai| yadi AtmA ko pariNAmI na mAnA jAe to bandhana tathA mokSa asambhava ho jaaeNge| isalie svAmI kArtikeya ne kahA hai ki : "jIva puNya-pApAdi rUpa se pariNata hotA rahatA hai| yadyapi jIva anAdinidhana hai to bhI navIna-navIna paryAyoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai|" vasunandi ne bhI kahA hai : "jIva pariNAmI hai kyoMki vaha svargAdi gatiyoM meM gamana karatA hai / " A0 kundakunda ne bhI yahI kahA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, prabhAkara mImAMsA eva 1. vyaMjana paryAya sthUla evaM zabdagocara hotI hai| zarIra ke AkAra rUpa Atma pradezoM kA avasthAna vyaMjana paryAya hotI hai| nara nArakAdi vyaMjana paryAya saMsArI jIvoM ke hI hotI haiM / 2. agurulaghuguNa kI SavRddhi aura hAni rUpa pratikSaNa badalane vAlI arthaparyAya __ kahalAtI hai / mukta jIva isI paryAya kI apekSA pariNAmI hai / 3. paMcAstikAya, tAtparya vRtti TIkA 27 / dravyasaMgraha TIkA, 76-77 / 4. harivaMza purANa, 33108 / / 5. kArtikeyAnupekSA, 190 / 231-232 / 6. zrAvakAcAra ( vasunandi ), 26 / 7. bhAvapAhur3a, 116 /

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110 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra vedAnta dArzanika AtmA ko apariNAmI kUTastha nitya mAnate haiN| lekina kumArila bhaTTa AtmA ko jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha pariNAmI hI mAnate haiM / sAMkhya darzana ne AtmA ko apariNAmI mAna kara bhI use aupacArika rUpa se bhoktA mAnA hai| apariNAmI-kUTastha-nitya AtmavAda evaM sarvathA kSaNikaAtmavAda kI jaina dArzanikoM ne tIvra AlocanA kI hai|' AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki yadi AtmA karmoM se na svayaM baMdhA hai aura na krodhAdi rUpa svayaM pariNamana karatA hai, to vaha apariNAmI ho jaaegaa| sAtha hI krodhAdi bhAva rUpa svayaM pariNamana na karane ke kAraNa saMsAra kA abhAva ho jAegA / AtmA ke apariNAmI hone para pudgalakarma rUpa krodha jIva ko krodha rUpa se pariNamita nahIM kara skegaa| AtmA ko sarvathA kUTastha, nitya, apariNAmI mAnane se usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA vikAra na hone ke kAraNa kartAkarmAdi, pramANa tathA usake phala kA abhAva mAnanA par3egA jo atArkika hai| isake alAvA AtmA ko apariNAmI mAnane para puNya-pApa kI vyavasthA nahIM bana skegii| kyoMki apariNAmI AtmA zubhAzubha karma na karane ke kAraNa zubha-azubha karmoM se baMdha nahI sakatI hai / bhaTTa akalaMka deva ne kahA bhI hai| "yadi AtmA kUTastha nitya hai to usameM na to jJAnAdi kI utpatti ho sakatI hai aura na halacala rUpa kriyA hI ho sakegI kyoMki kUTastha nitya AtmavAdiyoM ne AtmA ko vyApaka bhI mAnA hai / AtmA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA pariNamana na hone se jJAna aura vairAgyarUpa kAraNoM kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM hai / aisI hAlata meM nirvikArI AtmA meM AtmA, mana, zarIra aura artha ke sannikarSa se hone vAlA jJAna bhI utpanna na ho sakegA / AtmA ko kUTastha nitya mAnane para usameM AkAza kI taraha mokSAdi ke abhAva kA prasaMga upasthita hogA arthAt AtmA ko mokSAdi nahIM ho skegaa| guNaratna sUri ne bhI kahA hai ki "yadi AtmA nitya aparivartanazIla hai to jJAna ke utpanna ho jAne ke bAvajUda vaha pahale kI taraha mUrkha rahegA, vaha kabhI vidvAn nahIM bana skegaa| jaba use jJAna na hogA to tattvoM ko na jAnane ke kAraNa mokSa na hogaa| 1. kuzalAkuzalaM karma paralokazca na kvacit / ekAntagraharakteSu nAtha svaparavariSu ||-devaagm kArikA, 138 / 2. samayasAra, 121-23 / / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 111156, 1 / 9 / 11 / 4. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA, kArikA 49 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 111 samantabhadra' ne bhI uparyukta doSa dikhAye haiN| kUTastha nitya AtmA meM arthakriyA na banane ke kAraNa AtmA avastu siddha ho jAyegI / 2 kyoMki sAMkhyAdi mata meM "apracyutAnutpannasthiraikarUpaM nityam !" arthAt-utpatti, vinAza se rahita sadA eka rUpa rahane ko nitya kahA hai / jainasiddhAnta meM uparyukta doSa nahIM AtA hai kyoMki jaina-darzana ke matAnusAra nitya padArtha utpAda-vyaya vAlA mAnA gayA hai| ___ kUTastha nitya AtmA ko svIkAra karane para AtmA meM hiMsA, saMyama, niyama, dAna, dayA, samyagdarzanAdi nahIM ho sakate haiN| kyoMki yadi vaha kucha karegA to use apanI pUrva avasthA chor3akara anya avasthA dhAraNa karanI par3egI jo kUTastha nityavAda meM sambhava nahIM hai| ataH AtmA ko apariNAmI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| AtmA anitya (kSaNika) nahIM hai : bauddha-darzana meM AtmA ko kSaNika mAnA gayA hai| unake siddhAnta meM vicAra-kSaNoM ko AtmA kahA gayA hai / sampUrNa kSaNoM meM anvaya rUpa se rahane vAle AtmA ko bauddha dArzanika nahIM mAnate haiN| unakA kathana hai ki "caitanya apane pUrvApara kAla meM hone vAle dhArApravAha rUpa saMtAna kI apekSA se hI anAdi kAla, ananta kAla taka anuyAyI hai| kisI eka aise dravya kI sattA nahIM hai jo vibhinna kSaNoM meM anvita rahatA ho|| __ jaina dArzanika AtmA ko sarvathA kSaNika nahIM mAnate haiM kyoMki ve utpatti aura vinAza donoM anvaya rUpa se rahane vAle dravya kI sattA mAnate haiM / jisa prakAra zivaka, sthAsa, koSa, kuzUla, ghaTa Adi samasta paryAyoM meM miTTI dravya anvaya rUpa se rahatA hai| isI prakAra eka santAna citta rUpa AtmA ko bhI bAlaka, kumArAdi avasthAoM evaM aneka janmAntaroM meM anvaya rUpa se rahane vAlA mAnanA cAhie kyoMki yaha pratyabhijJAna se siddha hotA hai| jisa prakAra eka 1. nityatvakAntapakSe'pi vikriyA nopapadyate / prAgeva kArakAbhAvaH kva pramANaM kva tatphalam // puNyapApakriyA na syAt pretyabhAvaphalaM kutaH / bandhamokSau ca teSAM na yeSAM tvaM nAsi nAyakaH / / -devAgama, 3 / 37 / 40 / 2. syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 5 / 3. tattvArthasUtra, 5 / 31 / 4. siddhAntasAra saMgraha, 4 / 23-4 / 5. tattvArthazlokavArtika 13152 /

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112 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra DorA aneka motiyoM meM anusyUta rahatA hai usI prakAra sampUrNa jJAnadhArAoM meM AtmA anvaya se rahatA hai| AtmA ko kSaNika mAnane meM nimnAMkita doSa Ate haiM :. (ka) AtmA ko kSaNika mAnane se AtmA avastu siddha hotI hai kyoMki jisameM artha-kriyA hotI hai vaha vastu kahalAtI hai|' kSaNika AtmA meM krama evaM akrama kisI bhI prakAra se arthakriyA sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki kSaNika padArtha meM dezakRta, kAlakRta krama asambhava hai| isI prakAra akrama se bhI arthakriyA sambhava nahIM hai| isalie AtmA ko kSaNika mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| __(kha) AtmA ko kSaNika mAnane para kiye gaye kAryoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai arthAt jisa kSaNa meM kArya kiye the vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai, use apane kiye gaye kAryoM kA phala nahIM prApta hotA hai aura jisa uttara AtmakSaNa ne kArya nahIM kiyA usako phala kI prApti hotI hai| ataH AtmA ko kSaNika mAnane para 'kRtapraNAza' aura 'akRtakarmabhoga' nAmaka doSa AtA hai| (ga) kSaNika AtmavAda meM hiMsya, hiMsaka, hiMsA aura hiMsA-phala nahIM banegA jisane baMdha kiyA vaha mukta nahIM hogA / baMdhegA koI, chUTegA dUsarA / (gha) kSaNika AtmavAda meM punarjanma tathA mokSa bhI nahIM banegA / bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne bhI kahA hai"-'niranvaya vinAzI arthAt-AtmA ko kSaNika svIkAra karane para jJAna vairAgyAdi pariNamanoM kA AdhAra bhUta padArtha na hone ke kAraNa mokSa nahIM bana skegaa| isI prakAra nimitta-naimittika sambandha tathA loka vyavahAra bhI kSaNikavAda meM sambhava nahIM haiN| samantabhadra ne bhI yahI doSa dikhAyA hai| kSaNikavAda meM zubha-azubha karma nahIM ho pAne ke kAraNa usake pariNAma svarUpa puNya 1. arthakriyAsamarthayalakSaNatvAdvastutaH |-nyaayvinishcy, 1115 / 2. aSTasahasrI kArikA, 8 // 3. syAdvAdamaMjarI, 18 / SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, kArikA, zrAvakAcAra (amitagati), 4 / 87 / 4. hinastyanabhisaMdhAtR na hinastyabhisaMdhimat / / badhyate tadvayApetaM cittaM baddhana mucyate ||-devaagm, kArikA 51 / aSTa sahasrI, pR0 197 // 5. tattvArthavArtika, 111157 / 6. kSaNikaikAntapakSe'pi pretyabhAvAdyasambhavaH / na ca tatkAryArambhakatvAbhAve phalaM puNyapApalakSaNaM saMbhavati / tadabhAve na pretyabhAvo na bandho na ca mokSaH syAt / aSTasahasrI, pR0 182 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 113 pApoM ke abhAva meM bandha-mokSa kisI prakAra bhI sambhava nahIM hai| isake atirikta eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki jo kSaNa anityAdi bhAvanAoM kA cintana karegA vaha to naSTa ho jAyegA taba mokSa kisako prApta hogA? ataH kSaNikavAda meM pUrva aura uttara kSaNoM meM sambandha ke abhAva meM paralokAdi asambhava hai| (Da) kSaNika AtmA kI parikalpanA se smRti, pratyabhijJAna asambhava ho jAte haiN| jisa pUrva kSaNa meM padArtha kA anubhava kiyA thA vaha to naSTa ho gayA aura uttara kSaNa jisane padArtha ko nahIM dekhA usameM saMskAra ke abhAva hone se smRti nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki saMskAroM kA udbodhana hI smRti kahalAtI hai / smRtijJAna ke abhAva se pratyabhijJAna bhI kSaNika-AtmavAda meM asambhava ho jAtA hai| kyoMki pratyabhijJAna smRti aura anubhava pUrvaka hI hotA hai / jaise 'yaha vahI puruSa hai|' jisako smRti hotI hai usI ko anubhava hone se pratyabhijJAna ho sakatA hai ? lekina niranvaya jJAna kSaNoM meM smRti ke abhAva se pratyabhijJAna kaise bana sakatA hai ?' isI prakAra AtmA ko kSaNika mAnane se vibhinna doSa Ate haiN| isalie AtmA ko sarvathA kSaNika mAnanA vyartha hai| ataH AtmA paryAya kI apekSA se kSaNika aura dravya kI apekSA se nitya hai| ___ AtmA karma-saMyukta hai : kundakundAcArya ne AtmA ko karma-saMyukta vizeSaNa vAlA batAyA hai| samasta saMsArI jIva anAdikAla se karmoM se saMyukta haiM / amRtacandrAcArya ne AtmA ke karma-saMyukta vizeSaNa kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA hai ki saMsArI AtmA nizcayanaya kI apekSA bhAvakoM (pudgala karmoM ke kAraNabhUta AtmapariNAmoM) ke sAtha saMyukta hone se karma saMyukta hai aura vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se dravya karmoM (caitanya pariNAma ke anurUpa pudgala pariNAmAtmaka karmoM) ke sAtha saMyukta hone se karma-saMyukta hai / 2 'karma-saMyukta' yaha vizeSaNa zaiva dArzanikoM kA khaNDana karane ke lie diyA gayA hai, kyoMki ve samasta AtmAoM ko anAdi kAla se zuddha mAnate haiM / saMsArI AtmAoM ko yadi anAdikAla se zuddha mAnA jAye to AtmAe~ kabhI karma-bandhana meM nahIM badhegI / saMsArI jIva ko kama-saMyukta na mAnane para mukta jIva ke bhI karmabaMdha hone lgegaa| ataH siddha hai ki jisa 1. pratyabhijJAnasmRtIcchAderabhAvAtsantAnAntaracittavat / tadabhAvazca pratyabhijJA turekasyAnvitasyAbhAvAt |-assttshsrii, pR0 182 / syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA, 18 / 2. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, 27 / 3. saMsArasthavyAkhyAnaM sadAzivaM prati |-drvysNgrh vRti, 3 / 4. siddhAntAcArya zrI kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pR0 92 / 8

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114 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra prakAra sonA anAdikAla se kiTTakAlimA Adi se yukta hotA hai usI prakAra saMsArI jIva anAdikAla se karma-saMyukta hotA hai| koI bhI saMsArI jIva aisA nahIM hai jo kArmaNa zarIra se rahita ho / AtmA ke karma-saMyuktapane kA vivecana vistRta rUpa se agale adhyAyoM meM kiyA jaayegaa| jIva kathaMcit zuddha evaM azuddha hai : AtmA svabhAva se zuddha svarUpa hai / lekina saMsArI AtmA ko kama-saMsarga ke kAraNa kathaMcit zuddha aura kathaMcit azuddha mAnanA jaina dArzanikoM kI vizeSatA hai| jaina dArzanika zaiva darzana ke isa siddhAnta se sahamata nahIM haiM ki AtmA sarvathA zuddha rahatA hai| isake viparIta jaina dArzanika mAnate haiM ki samasta saMsArI AtmA anAdikAla se karma ke sAtha usI prakAra saMyukta haiM jisa prakAra khAna se nikAle gaye sone ke sAtha kiTTakAlimAdi / inhIM karmoM ke saMsarga ke kAraNa AtmA acche-bure karma bhoga kara vibhinna paryAyoM, yoniyoM tathA gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / AtmA karmoM kA vinAza karake mukta ho jAtI hai / ataH niSkarSa yaha hai ki vyAvahArika dRSTi se hI jIva karma sambaddha hone ke kAraNa azuddha hai lekina nizcaya naya kI apekSA se jIva dravya zuddha hai / ' svAmI kArtikeya ne kahA hai ki "jIva ekAnta rUpa se sarvathA zuddha nahIM hai anyathA tapAdi AcaraNa karanA vyartha ho jaayegaa|" AtmA ko sarvathA zuddha mAnane para prazna hogA ki zuddha jIva zarIrAdi kyoM dhAraNa karatA hai ? zubha-azubha karma karane kA kyA prayojana hai ? sAMsArika sukha-duHkha meM vaiSamyatA kyoM hai ? uparyukta zaMkAoM se spaSTa hai ki AtmA sarvathA zuddha nahIM hai / isI prakAra yadi AtmA ko sarvathA karma-saMyukta mAnA jAye to jIva kabhI bhI mukta na ho skegaa| ataH mAnanA cAhie ki AtmA kathaMcit zuddha aura kathaMcit azuddha hai| jIva meM zuddha hone kI vidyamAna zakti nimitta kAraNa pA kara jIva zuddha ho jAtA hai| AtmA amUrtika hai : jaina-darzana meM AtmA ko amUrtika (arUpI) dravyoM ke vargIkaraNa meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai / AtmA ko amUrtika kahane kA tAtparya hai pudgala ke guNa rUpAdi se rahita honA / " isakA ullekha pahale kara diyA gayA 1. maggaNaguNaThANehi ya caudasahiM taha asuddhaNayA / viNNeyA saMsArI savve suddhA hu suddhaNayA ||-drvy saMgraha, 13 / paMcAstikAya, tAtparya vRtti, 27 / / 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 200 / 3. vahI, gA0 201-202, zrAvakAcAra (amitagati), 4 / 33 / / 4. paMcAstikAya, 97 / 5. vaNNarasa paMca gaMdhAdo phAsA aTTha NiccayA jIve / No saMti amutti tado vavahArA mutti bNdhaado||-drvy saMgraha, 7 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 115 / yadyapi svabhAva se AtmA amUrtika hai, lekina karma saMyukta saMsArI AtmA ekAnta rUpa se amUrtika nahIM balki kathaMcit amUrtika hai / AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA bhI hai ki " AtmA ke amUrtatva ke viSaya meM anekAnta hai / yaha koI ekAnta nahIM hai ki AtmA amUrtika hI hai / karma-bandha rUpa paryAya kI apekSA usase yukta hone ke kAraNa kathaMcit mUrta hai aura zuddha svarUpa kI apekSA kathaMcit amUrta hai / " sasArI AtmA amUrtika nahIM hai kyoMki saMsArI AtmA karma se sambaddha rahatI hai kintu jisa samaya usake samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai usa samaya mukta hone para vaha amUrta ho jAtI hai / ataH yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki AtmA sarvathA amUrti hI nahIM hai, balki kathaMcit mUrtika bhI hai / yadi AtmA ko AkAza kI taraha amUrtika mAnA jAye jo jisa prakAra AkAza kA karma-bandha nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra se AtmA kA bhI karmabandha nahIM honA cAhie / ataH AtmA sarvathA mUrti nahIM hai / yadyapi AtmA anAdi caitanya svarUpa hai to bhI anAdi kArmaNa zarIra ke sAtha saMyukta hone ke kAraNa mUrtika bhI hai| mUrtika hote hue bhI apane jJAnAdi svabhAva ko na chor3ane ke kAraNa amUrtika bhI hai| kahA bhI hai : "bandha kI apekSA AtmA aura karma eka ho jAne para lakSaNa kI dRSTi se donoM meM bheda hai | ataH AtmA aikAntika rUpa se amUrtika nahIM hai / " ataH siddha hai ki nizcaya naya kI apekSA AtmA amUrtika hai tathA vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se anAdikAla se dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha paraspara AtmA aura karma ke mile rahane ke . kAraNa AtmA amUrti bhI hai kahA bhI hai : "saMsArI jIva mUrta ATha karmoM ke dvArA anAdikAlIna bandhana se baddha hai, isalie vaha amUrta nahIM ho sakatA hai / isI prakAra vibhinna jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko kathaMcit amUrta aura kathaMcit mUrta siddha kiyA hai / / 7 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 27, tattvArthasAra, 5 / 16 / 2. dhavalA, 13 / 5 / 3 / 12 / karmabandhavyapagamavyaMjita sahajaM sparzAdizUnyAtmapradezAtmikA amUrtatvazaktiH / - samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA zakti naMbara 20 / 3. zrAvakAcAra ( AzAdhara ), 4 / 44 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 7 / 24 / 5. vahI, 2 / 7 / 27, (amitagati) zrAvakAcAra, 4145 / 6. vyavahAreNa karmabhiH sahaikatvapariNAmAnmUrto'pi nizcayena nIrUpasvabhAvatvAnnahi mUrta: / paMcAstikAya, tattvadIpikA TIkA, 27 / 7. dhavalA, 13 / 5 / 5 / 63 /

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116 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra . AtmA kartA hai : nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA evaM vedAnta dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI AtmA ko zubha-azubha, dravya-bhAva kamoM kA kartA mAnA hai / parantu anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI apekSA jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve apane mUlabhUta siddhAnta syAdvAda ke anusAra AtmA ko kathaMcit kartA aura kathaMcit akartA mAnate haiN| AtmA ko kartA kahane kA tAtparya hai ki vaha pariNamanazIla hai|' paMcAstikAya kI tAtparyavRtti meM bhI kahA hai ki "azuddha nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se zubhAzubha pariNAmoM kA pariNamana honA hI AtmA kA kartRtva hai| jaina-darzana meM naya zailI se AtmA ko kartA batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se AtmA dravya karma, no-karma evaM ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM kA kartA hai aura azuddha nizcaya naya kI apekSA se AtmA bhAva karma kA kartA hai / kahA bhI hai-'vyavahAranaya se jIva jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM, audArikAdi zarIra, AhArAdi paryAptiyoM ke yogya pudgala rUpa no-karmoM aura bAhya padArtha ghaTapaTAdi kA kartA hai, kintu azuddha nizcaya naya se rAga dveSAdi bhAva karmoM kA tathA zuddha nizcaya naya se zuddha cetana jJAna darzana svarUpa zuddha bhAvoM kA kartA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke samayasAra se bhI uparyukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| svAmI kAtikeya ne bhI kahA hai ki jIva kartA hai kyoMki karma, nokarma tathA anya samasta kAryoM ko karatA hai / dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ke anurUpa sAmagrI ke anusAra jIva saMsAra evaM mokSa svayaM upAjita karatA hai| upacAra se hI AtmA pudgala karma kA kartA hai : AtmA vyavahAra naya kI apekSA yA upacAra se hI jJAnAvaraNAdi karma kA kartA hai| samayasAra meM kahA hai : 'karmabandha kA nimitta hone ke kAraNa upacAra se kahA jAtA hai ki jIva ne karma kiye haiN| udAharaNArtha-senA yuddha karatI hai kintu upacAra se kahA jAtA ki rAjA yuddha karatA hai, usI prakAra AtmA vyavahAra dRSTi se jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kartA kahalAtA hai| pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM bhI kahA hai-'mAtmA apane 1. yaH pariNamati sa krtaa|-smysaar, A0 TIkA gA0 86, kalaza 51 / 2. cUlikA, gA0 57 / 3. dravya saMgraha, TIkA, 8; zrAvakAcAra (vasunandi), 35 / 4. vavahAreNa du evaM karedi ghaTapaDarathANi davvANi / karaNANi ya kammANi ya NokammANIha vivihANi ||-smysaar, 98, adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa, 3 // 13 // 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 188 // 6. samayasAra, 104-7 /

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App Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 117 AtmA ko pAra bhAva karmoM kA kartA hone ke kAraNa upacAra se dravya karma kA kartA kahalAtA hai / " jisa prakAra se loka rUr3hi hai ki kumbhakAra ghar3e kA kartA evaM bhoktA hai usI prakAra rUr3hivaza AtmA karmoM kA kartA evaM bhoktA hai / mArthika rUpa se pudgala karmoM kA kartA mAnanA mithyA hai / 3 yadi cetana padArtha ko acetana dravya kA kartA mAnA jAe to cetana aura acetana meM bheda karanA asambhava ho jAegA / ataH jIva aura pudgala meM nimitta-naimittika sambandha hone ke kAraNa hI jIva jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA kartA usI prakAra mAnA jA sakatA hai jisa prakAra se kumbhakAra ghaTa kA kartA kahalAtA hai / " pAramArthika dRSTi se AtmA pudgala dravya kA kartA nahIM hai : AtmA ko para padArthoM kA kartA mAnane vAloM ko kundakundAcArya ne mithyA dRSTi, ajJAnI, mohI kahA hai / kahA bhI hai ki 'jo yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM dUsare jIvoM ko mAratA hU~ aura para jIva mujhe mArate haiM, vaha mUr3ha hai, ajJAnI hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM apane dvArA dUsare jIvoM ko duHkhI-sukhI karatA hU~, vaha mUr3ha hai aura ajJAnI hai / isake viparIta jJAnI hai / kyoM ki sabhI jIva karmodaya ke dvArA ho sukhI - duHkhI hote haiM / amRtacandra sUri ne bhI yahI kahA hai / / AtmA jJAna svarUpa hai, svayaM jJAna hI hai, vaha jJAna ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM / AtmA kartA hai, aisA mAnanA vyavahArI jIvoM kA moha hai / " ajJAnAndhakAra se yukta AtmA ko jo kartA mAnate haiM mokSa ke icchuka hote hue sAmAnya logoM kI taraha unakI bhI mukti nahIM ho sakatI / jaba AtmA pudgala dravya rUpa mithyAtvAdi kA bhoktA hI nahIM hai taba vaha pudgala karma kA kartA kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai / paMcAdhyAyIkAra ne bhI kahA hai ki nikRSTa buddhi vAle, anya mithyA dRSTi vAle yaha mithyA kathana karate haiM ki jIva bandha ko na hone vAlA anya padArtha kA kartA-bhoktA hai / yathA sAtAvedanIyake udaya se prApta hone vAlA ghara, dhanadhAnyAdi aura strI-putra Adi kA 1. pravacanasAra, tattvadIpikA TIkA 29 / 2. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA, 84 / 3. samayasAra 119 / 4. yogasAra (amitagati), 2130 / 5. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA, 214 / 6. samayasAra, 247-258 / 7. samayasAra, AtmasyAti TIkA, 79, kalaza 50 / 8. vahI, 97, kalaza 62 / 9. vahI, 320, kalaza 199 /

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118 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra jIva svayaM kartA evaM svayaM hI usakA bhoktA hai|'' AtmA ko para padArtha kA kartA mAnane vAloM ko kundakundAcArya ne jaina siddhAntoM se anabhijJa evaM anya siddhAntoM vAlA kahA hai / __pAramArthika rUpa se AtmA nija bhAvoM kA kartA hai : vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se hI Atma pariNAmoM ke nimitta se karmoM ke karane ke kAraNa AtmA kartA kahalAtA hai| kintu nizcaya naya kI apekSA koI bhI dravya dUsare ke pariNAmoM ko nahIM kara sakatA hai isalie AtmA pudgala karmoM kA kartA nahIM hai / balki apane pariNAmoM kA hI kartA hai / kahA bhI hai : 'apane bhAva ko karatA huA AtmA apane bhAva kA kartA haiM, pudgala rUpa dravya karmoM kA nhiiN|" pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM bhI kahA hai-'AtmA apane pariNAma se abhinna hone ke kAraNa vAstava meM apane pariNAma rUpa bhAva karmoM kA hI kartA hai, pudgala pariNAmAtmaka dravya karma kA nhiiN|' 6 amRtacandra sUri ne samayasAra kI TIkA meM udAharaNa de kara uparyukta kathana ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra kumbhakAra ghaTa banAte hue ghaTa rUpa se pariNamita nahIM hone ke kAraNa pAramArthika rUpa se usakA kartA nahIM kahalAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa pariNamita na hone ke kAraNa (arthAt-AtmA apanA svabhAva-dravya aura guNa chor3akara jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa pudgala dravya vAlA na hone ke kAraNa) AtmA bhI paramArtha rUpa se unakA kartA nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH uparyukta mantavya se siddha hai ki AtmA apane pariNAma kA kartA hai, pudgala rUpa karmoM kA nhiiN| AtmA ke kartRtva ke viSaya meM sAMkhya mata aura usakI samIkSA : bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke kartatva ke viSaya meM sAMkhya darzana vicitra hai| nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA, vedAnta aura jaina-dArzanikoM ke atirika sAMkhya-yoga dArzanika AtmA ko akartA mAnate haiM / unakA mata hai ki puruSa apariNAmI evaM nitya hai isalie vaha kartA nahIM ho sakatA hai| pApa-puNya, zubha-azubha karma prakRti hI 1. paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArSa, zloka 580, 581 / yogasAra (amitagati), 4 / 13 / 2. samayasAra, 85, 116-117 / 3. paMcAstikAya, tattvadIpikA TIkA, 27 / . 4. kaSAyapAhur3a, 1 pR0 318 / 5. paMcAstikAya, 61; pravacanasAra 92 / / 6. pravacanasAra, 30 / samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA 86 / / 7. vahI, kalaza 75, 83 /

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... Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 119 karatI hai, isalie vaha kartA hai| anya dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI sAMkhyoM ke isa siddhAnta kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki yadi puruSa (AtmA) akartA hai aura prakRti dvArA kiye gaye karmoM kA bhoktA hai taba puruSa kI parikalpanA hI vyartha hai|' dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki prakRti acetana hai, isalie jisa prakAra acetana ghaTapaTAdi padArtha puNya-pApa ke kartA nahIM haiM usI prakAra acetana prakRti bhI kartA nahIM ho sakatI hai| yadi acetana prakRti ko kartA mAnA jAyegA to ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM ko bhI kartA mAnanA par3egA kyoMki ve bhI pradhAna kI taraha acetana haiM / isalie siddha hai ki prakRti kartA nahIM hai / AtmA prakRti ke dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM kA upabhoga karatA hai, aisA mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki vyavahAra meM yahI dekhA jAtA hai ki jo kAma karatA hai vahI usake phala kA bhoga karatA hai isalie yadi prakRti kartA hai to use hI bhoktA mAnanA caahie| yadi eka ke dvArA kiye kAryoM kA bhoga dUsarA karegA taba to eka ke bhojana karane se dUsare ko tRpta honA cAhie jo loka vyavahAra ke viruddha hai| akalaMka deva ne bhI kahA hai ki prakRti ke dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM se puruSa ko mukti nahIM ho sakatI hai| sAMkhyoM ne puruSa ko bhoktA mAnA hai, jo bhoga kriyA karatA hai, bhoktA kahalAtA hai| yadi puruSa bhoga kriyA karatA hai isalie bhoktA kahalAtA hai taba vaha anya kriyAoM kA kartA kyoM nahIM ho sakatA hai| AcArya devasena ne kahA bhI hai : 'dehadhArI jIva bhoktA hotA hai aura jo bhoktA 1. zrAvakAcAra (amitagati), 4 / 35 / 2. acetanasya puNyapApaviSayakartRtAnupapatterghaTAdivat |-tttvaarthvaartik, 2 / 10 / 1 / 3. tattvArthazlokavAtika, 246 / 4. pradhAnena kRte dharme, mokSabhAgI na cetanaH / pareNa vihite bhoge tRptibhAgI kutaH prH|| uktvA svayamakartAraM, bhoktAraM cetanaM punaH / bhASamANasya sAMkhyasya na jJAnaM vidyate sphuTam // -zrAvakAcAra (amitagati), 4134-38 / / , 5. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 10 / 1 / 6. bhuji kriyA kurvan bhoktA"" / nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 818 / .... atha bhujikriyAM karoti..." tadAparAmiH kriyAbhiH kimaparAddham / .. samuccayaTIkA kArikA 49 /

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120 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra hotA hai vaha kartA bhI hotA hai / " prabhAcandra ne bhI kahA hai ki 'AtmA ko kartA mAnane se usake bhoktA mAnane meM virodha AtA hai / " guNaratnAcArya ne kahA hai ki jo karmaphala bhogatA hai vaha kartA hotA hai, jaise kisAna apanI khetI kA bhoktA hotA hai isalie vahI phasala ko kATatA hai / yadi AtmA akartA ho kara prakRti ke dvArA kiye gaye karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai to kiye gaye kAryoM ke phala kA vinAza ora na kiye gaye kAryoM ke phala prApti hone kA doSa AyegA jo anucita evaM atArkika hai / " puruSa ko akartA mAnane se vaha AkAza ke phUla kI taraha asat (avastu) bana jAegA / jisa prakAra saMsArAvasthA meM puruSa akartA hokara bhoktA svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra zuddha cetana svarUpa muktAtmA ko bhI bhoktA mAnanA cAhie jo sAMkhya darzana ke viruddha hai / yadi sAMkhya dArzanika yaha tarka prastuta kareM ki muktAtmA akartA hone para bhI karmaphaloM kA upabhoga nahIM karatI hai, taba kahA jA sakatA hai ki prakRti bhI karmoM kA kartA nahIM hai kyoMki muktAtmA kI taraha vaha karmoM kA upabhoga nahIM karatI hai / sAMkhya dArzanika kahate haiM ki yadi draSTA bhoktA AtmA ko jaina dArzanika kartA mAnate haiM to muktAtmA ko bhI kartA mAnanA par3egA aura aisA mAnane se usa AtmA ko kRtakRtya kahanA vyartha ho jAegA / ataH AtmA ko kartA mAnanA sadoSa hai / jaina dArzanika uparyukta zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki mukta jIva ko akartA hama mAnate hI nahIM haiM / kyoMki mukta jIva vastu sat haiM isalie unameM sukha, caitanya, sattA, vIrya aura kSAyika darzana rUpa artha kriyA karate rahate haiM / yadi mukta jIva ko arthakriyA-kArI rUpa kartA na mAnA jAegA to ve asat ho jAe~ge / sAMkhya: mukta jIva sukha-duHkhAdi kA kartA nahIM hai kyoMki usameM sukha1. nayacakravRtti, 124; vidyAnandi AptaparIkSA 81 / 2. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 818 / 3. SaTdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, pR0 236 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 211011 ; SaTdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, 236 // nyAya kumuda candra, pR0 819 / 5. vahI, pR0 819; Apta- parIkSA, pR0 114 / 6. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 819 / 7. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 246 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 121 duHkhAdi kAraNa puNya-pApa karmoM kA abhAva hotA hai| kAraNa kArya siddhAnta ke anusAra kAraNa ke binA kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai / jaina : jaina dArzanika pratyuttara meM kahate haiM ki Apake upayukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki saMsArI jIva sukha-duHkhAdi ke kAraNabhUta zubha-azubha karmoM ko avazya karate hai kyoMki vaha unakA bhoktA hai / sAMkhya : AtmA sukhAdi kA bhoktA to hai kyoMki usake bhortRtva kI sabhI ko anubhUti hotI hai| jaina : jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra AtmA ke bhoktRtva kI sabhI ko anubhUti hotI hai usI prakAra 'maiM zabda sunane vAlA hU~', 'gandha sUMghane vAlA hU~' ityAdi vAkyoM se AtmA ke kartRtva kI sabhI kI pratIti hotI hai isalie bhoktA kI taraha puruSa kartA bhI hai| yadi sAMkhya dArzanika yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki upayukta kartRtva kI pratIti prakRti ke pariNAma ahaMkAra ke kAraNa hotI hai / aisA mAnane para bhoktRtva pratIti bhI prakRti meM mAnanI pdd'egii|' AtmA bhoktA kI taraha kartA hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai / AtmA bhoktA hai : AtmA zubha-azubha karmoM kA kartA hai| sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina dArzanika bhI AtmA ko una karma phaloM kA bhoktA mAnate haiN| yahA~ dhyAtavya bAta yaha hai ki sAMkhya dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina dArzanika mAtra upacAra se karma phaloM kA bhoktA2 na mAnakara vAstavika rUpa se bhoktA mAnate haiN| jisa prakAra vyAvahArika dRSTi se AtmA pudgala karmoM kA kartA hai usI prakAra vaha vyAvahArika dRSTi se paudgalika karmajanya phala sukha-duHkha evaM bAhya padArthoM kA bhoktA hai| azuddha nizcaya naya kI apekSA se cetana ke vikArabhAva rAga-dveSAdi kA tathA zuddha nizcaya naya kI apekSA se zuddha cetana bhAvoM kA bhoktA hai / " Adi purANa meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA paraloka sambandhI puNya-pApa janya phaloM kA bhoktA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne bhI AtmA ko karma vipAka janya sukha-duHkha kA bhoktA batalAyA hai|" 1. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 246 / 2. etena vizeSaNAda-upacaritavRttyA bhoktAraM cAtmAnaM manyamAnAnAM sAMkhyAnAM nirAsaH / SaTdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, kArikA 49 / 3. tathA svakRtasya karmaNo yatphalaM sukhAdikaM tasya sAkSAd bhoktA ca / -vhii| 4. dravyasaMgraha, gA0 9 evaM isakI TIkA / paMcAstikAya, tattvadIpikATIkA, 68 / puruSArthasiddhayupAya 10 / / 5. jIvo vi havaha bhuktA kammaphalaM so vi bhuMjade jhmaa| kamma vivAyaM vivihaM so ciya bhuMjedi saMsAre / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 1189 /

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122 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra sAMkhya dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki AtmA ko bhoktA kahane kA tAtparya anubhava karanA hai| ataH AtmA viSayoM kA sAkSAt bhoktA nahIM balki upacAra se bhoktA hai|' upacAra se bhoktA kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki yadyapi puruSa bhoktA nahIM hai lekina buddhi meM jhalakane vAle sukha-duHkha kI chAyA 'puruSa' meM par3ane lagatI hai, yahI usakA bhoga kahalAtA hai aura isI bhoga ke kAraNa puruSa bhoktA kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra sphaTika-maNi lAla phUla ke saMsarga ke kAraNa lAla ho jAtI hai usI prakAra nirmala svaccha puruSa prakRti ke sambandha se sukha-duHkhAdi kA bhoktA bana jAtA hai / buddhi rUpI darpaNa meM pratibimbita padArthoM kA dvitIya darpaNa puruSa meM jhalakanA hI puruSa kA bhoktatva hai| isa bhoktRtva ke atirikta puruSa meM anya kisI prakAra kA bhoktRtva nahIM hai / ataH vAstava meM prakRti hI kartA-bhoktA hai, puruSa to upacAra se bhoktA hai / jaina dArzanika sAMkhyoM ke upayukta mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| jaina darzana meM upacAra se AtmA ko bhoktA na mAna kara vAstavika rUpa se bhoktA svIkAra kiyA hai| haribhadra ne zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM kahA hai ki puruSa amUrta hai isalie vaha pratibimbita nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH sAMkhyoM kA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai ki puruSa (AtmA) upacAra se bhoktA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi saMsArI puruSa kA pratibimba buddhi meM par3ane se puruSa ko bhoktA mAnA jAtA hai to mukta puruSa ko bhI bhoktA mAnanA par3egA kyoMki usakA pratibimba bhI buddhi meM par3ane se sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karane vAlA ho sakatA hai / yadi sAMkhya dArzanika mukta puruSa ko bhoktA nahIM svIkAra kareM to isakA tAtparya hogA ki puruSa ne apane bhoktRtva svabhAva ko chor3a diyA hai| ataH aisA mAnane se AtmA pariNAmI tattva siddha ho jaaegaa| malliSeNa ne upayukta tarkoM ke atirikta kahA hai ki aupacArika rUpa se bhoktA mAnane para sukha-duHkha kA anubhava nirAdhAra ho jaaegaa| ataH AtmA vAstavika rUpa se bhoktA hai, aupacArika rUpa se nhiiN| 1. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, pR0 150, syAdvAdamaMjarI pR0 135 / 2. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 190 ; SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA, 151 / 3. pratibimbodayo'pyasya nAmUrtatvena yujyate / ___ mukteratiprasaMgAcca na vai bhogaH kadAcana |-shaastrvaartaasmuccy tIsarA stavaka, kArikA, 223 / 4. vahI, tIsarA stavaka, kArikA, 224 / 5. syAdvAdamaMjarI,.15 / .... .. .....

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 123 AtmA prabhu hai : AtmA kA svarUpa-vimarza karate hue jaina dArzanikoM ne eka yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki sabhI AtmA prabhu aura svayaMbhU haiM, ve kisI ke vazIbhUta nahIM hai / pratyeka AtmA apane zarIra kA svayaM mAlika hai / dUsare zabdoM meM sabhI jIva apane acche-bure karmoM ke lie svayaM uttaradAyI haiN| jIva zubha-karma pUrvaka apanA pUrNa vikAsa karake ananta catuSTaya ko prApta kara sakatA hai athavA duSkarmoko karake abhavya hI banA raha sakatA hai| prabhu pravRtti ke dvArA aizvaryazAlI bananA, zubha padArthoM ko bhoganA, ananta sukha kA anubhava karanA athavA duSpravRtti karate hue dIna banakara ananta duHkhoM ko bhoganA, janma-maraNa ke cakra meM ghUmate rahane ke lie jIva meM samarthatA hotI hai| amRtacandrAcArya ne paMcAstikAya kI TIkA meM kahA bhI hai-"AtmA nizcaya naya kI apekSA se bhAva karmoM kA aura vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se dravya karma Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa prApta karane meM svayaM Iza (samartha) hone se prabhu hai / " AcArya kundakunda ne jIva ke prabhutva zakti kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai : karma saMyukta hone kI apekSA jIva ke prabhutva guNa ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki anAdi kAla se karma-saMyukta jIva bhAva aura dravya karmoM ke udaya se zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hotA huA sAMta athavA ananta caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM moha se AcchAdita hokara bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| dUsarI gAthA meM karma viyukta hone kI apekSA jIva ke prabhutva guNa kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai ki jinendradeva dvArA batalAye gaye mArga para calakara jIva samasta karmoM ko upazama aura kSINa karake viparIta abhiprAya ko naSTa karake prabhutva-zaktiyukta hokara jJAna mArga meM vicaraNa karatA huA AtmIya svarUpa mokSa mArga ko prApta karatA hai / / uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki AtmA prabhu hai / AtmA ke isa vizeSaNa ke dvArA isa mata kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai ki jIva Izvara kI preraNA se zubha-azubha karma karatA hai aura Izvara hI use baMdhana meM bAMdhatA aura mukta karatA hai / " 1. paMcAstikAya, 27 / 2. paMcAstikAya tattvadIpikA, 27 / 3. vahI, gA0 69-70 / 4. paMcAstikAya, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, gA0 70 / 5. Izvaraprerito gacchet svarga vA zvabhrameva vaa| anayojanturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukhaduHkhayoH ||-syaadvaadmNjrii, kA0 6 / . Izvara kartRtva khaNDana ke lie draSTavya-nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 101-14 /

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124 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra AtmA ke bhAva : umAsvAmI ne aupazamika, kSAyika, mizra, audayika aura pAriNAmika ina pAMca bhAvoM ko AtmA kA svatattva kahA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ke zabdoM meM ye bhAva AtmA ke asAdhAraNa haiM isalie ye svatattva kahalAte haiN| lekina isa kathana kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki aupazamika Adi bhAva AtmA ke svabhAva rUpa haiN| yahA~ asAdhAraNa yA svatattva kA tAtparya kevala itanA hai ki ye bhAva Atma-pUjya ke alAvA anya dravyoM meM nahIM hote haiM / 1-aupazamika bhAva : karmoM kA udaya kucha samaya ke lie roka denA yA unakA prabhAva zAnta ho jAnA upazama kahalAtA hai| pUjyapAdAcArya ne udAharaNa dete hue kahA hai ki jaise phiTakirI ko (kataka) maile pAnI meM DAlane se pAnI kA kIcar3a nIce baiTha jAtA hai lekina naSTa nahIM hotA hai usI prakAra karma ke vipakSI kAraNoM ke saMyoga se karma ke apane prabhAva se AtmA ko prabhAvita karanA ruka jAnA upazama kahalAtA hai aura karmoM ke upazama se hone vAlA bhAva aupazamika kahalAtA hai / yaha bhAva jIva ko usI samaya taka hotA hai jaba taka usake karmoM kA punaH udaya nahIM ho jAtA hai| umAsvAmI ne aupazamika bhAva ke do bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : aupathamika samyaktva aura aupazamika cAritra / SaTkhaDAgama, dhavalAdi granthoM meM aupazamika bhAva ke vistRta bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kSAyika bhAva : kSaya kA artha hai naSTa honA / ataH jJAnAvaraNAdi samasta karmoM kA sadaiva ke lie AtmA se alaga ho jAnA (kabhI bhI AtmA kI svAbhAvika (kha) prameyakamalamArtaNDa (prabhAcandra), pR0 266-285 / (ga) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR0 171 / (gha) prameyaratnamAlA (anantavIrya) pR0 2110, pR0 104-120 / (ca) syAdvAdamaMjarI, kArikA 6 / 1. tattvArthasUtra, 2 / 1 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 21, 10 149 / 3. vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya-tattvArthasUtra para TIkAe~ / 4. adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa, 338 / +-aklA, rAsasa 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 1 / 67. tattvArthasUtra, 2 / 3 / 7 (ka) SaTSaNDAgama, 14 / 5 / 6 / 17 / (kha) vahI, 5 / 17 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 125 zakti kA ghAta na karanA) kSaya kahalAtA hai / " jisa prakAra phiTakarI ke DAlane se upazAnta jala ko kisI sApha bartana meM nikAla lene para usa jala kI gandagI pUrNatayA naSTa ho jAtI hai usI prakAra AtmA se aSTa karmoM kI atyanta nivRtti honA yA usakA unase sarvathA dUra honA kSaya kahalAtA hai / AtmA kA karmoM ke kSaya se jo bhAva hotA hai vaha kSAyika bhAva kahalAtA hai / tattvArthasUtra meM kSAyika bhAva ke nau bheda kahe gaye haiM : kSAyika jJAna, kSAyika darzana, kSAyika dAna, kSAyika lAbha, kSAyikA bhoga, kSAyika upabhoga, kSAyika vIrya, kSAyika samyaktva aura kSAyika cAritra / kSAyika bhAva mokSa kA kAraNa hai / muktAtmA meM uparyukta nau bhAvoM meM se kevala kSAyika samyaktva, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, kSAyika vIrya aura siddhatva ke alAvA zeSa samasta karmoM kA abhAva hotA hai / * kSAyopazamika bhAva : kSAyopazamika bhAva ko mizrabhAva bhI kahate haiM / kyoMki yaha bhAva karmoM ke aMza rUpa kSaya se tathA aMza rUpa upazama se utpanna hotA hai / na to karmoM kA sarvathA kSaya hotA hai aura na sarvathA upazama / " bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne kSAyopazamika bhAva ko spaSTa rUpa se samajhAte hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra kodo ke dhone se unameM se kucha kodoM kI mAdakatA naSTa ho kucha kI akSINa rahatI hai, usI prakAra karmoM ke kSaya karane vAle se ( pariNAmoM kI nirmalatA se ) karmoM ke ekadeza kA kSaya aura ekadeza kA upazama honA kSAyopazamika kahalAtA hai aura karmoM ke kSAyopazamika se hone vAle AtmA ke bhAva ko kSAyopazamika bhAva kahate haiM / jAtI hai aura kAraNoM ke hone vibhinna karmoM ke kSayopazama hone para AtmA ke jo bhAva prakaTa hote haiM unako umAsvAmI ne aTThAraha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai : matijJAna, zruta jJAna, mana:paryAya jJAna, kumati, kuzruta aura kuavadhi ye tIna ajJAna, cakSu darzana, acakSu 1. ( ka ) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) pra0, TIkA, gA0 8, pR0 29 / ( kha ) dhavalA 111 / 1 / 27 / 2. ( ka ) sarvArthasiddhi 2 / 1 / ( kha ) khINammi khaiyabhAvo du / - gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) gA0 814 / 3. tattvArtha sUtra, 2 / 4 / vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya sarvArthasiddhi Adi TIkAe~ / 4. tattvArthasUtra, 10 / 4 / 5. tatkSayAdupazamAccotpanno guNaH kSAyopazamika: / -dhavalA, 1111118 | 6. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 113 /

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126 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra darzana, avadhi ye tIna darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya rUpa pA~ca labdhiyoM, samyaktva, cAritra aura saMyamAsaMyama / audayika bhAva : mana, vacana aura kAya kI vibhinna kriyAoM ke karane se zubha - azubha karmoM kA saMcaya Atma pradezoM meM hotA rahatA hai / yaha karmoM kI sattva avasthA kahalAtI hai / jaba ye sattva karma paka kara dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se jIva ko apanA rasa (phala) pradAna karane lagate haiM to yaha unako udaya avasthA kahalAtI hai / 2 karmoM ke udaya hone para AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti AvRta ho jAtI hai aura usake pariNAma karma kI prakRti kI bhA~ti ho jAte haiM / ataH karmoM ke udaya se hone vAlA AtmA kA bhAva audayika bhAva kahalAtA hai / 3 AgamoM meM audayika bhAva ke ikkIsa bheda batalAye gaye haiM: narakAdi cAra gati, krodhAdi cAra kaSAya, strI Adi tIna liMga (veda), mithyA darzana, ajJAna, asaMyama, asiddhatva aura kRSNAdi chaha lezyAe~ / inakA vistRta vivecana Age kareMge / audayika bhAva jIva kA parAbhava karate haiM isalie yaha baMdha kA kAraNa hai / uparyukta aupazamikAdi cAroM bhAva karmajanya haiM / pAriNAmika bhAva : AtmA kA pAriNAmika bhAva hI vaha bhAva hai jo AtmA ko jar3a (ajIva ) dravyoM se alaga karatA hai / yaha AtmA kA svAbhAvika parinAma hai kyoMki aupazamikAdi bhAva karmoM ke upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama aura udaya se hote haiM kintu pAriNAmika bhAva karmajanya nahIM hai | paMcAdhyAyI meM kahA bhI hai--''karmoM ke udaya upazamAdi cAroM apekSAoM se rahita kevala Atmadravya svarUpa vAlA pAriNAmika bhAva hotA hai / "5 paM0 rAjamalla ne pArinAmika bhAva kI uparyukta paribhASA batalA kara pUjyapAda aura bhaTTAkalaMkadeva kA anukaraNa ho kiyA hai / gommaTasAra karmakANDa, dhavalAdi meM pAriNAmika bhAva 1. tattvArtha sUtra, 2 / 5 / (vistRta vivecana vibhinna adhyAyoM meM kiyA jA cukA hai ) 2. (ka) dravyAdinimittavazAt karmaNAM phalaprAptirudayaH / sarvArthasiddhi, 2 1 / (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) jIvatattva pradIpikA, 8 / 3. (ka) tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 1 / 6 / (kha) karmaNAmudayAdutpanno guNaH audayika: / - dhavalA 1 / 1 / 118 4. ( ka ) sarvArthasiddhi, 217 / (kha) tattvArtha vArtika, 2 / 7 / 2 / 35. paMcAdhyAyI, uttarArSa, kArikA 971 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarzaM : 127 kA svarUpa uparyukta batalAyA hai / " pAriNAmika bhAva kI vizeSatA hai ki yaha anAdi, ananta, nirupAdhi, svAbhAvika aura jJAyika hotA hai / jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva - ye tIna bhAva AtmA ke asAdhAraNa pArinAmika bhAva haiM kyoMki ye bhAva anya kisI bhI dravya meM nahIM hote haiM / uparyukta tInoM bhAvoM ko do bhAvoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - ( 1 ) zuddha pAriNAmika bhAva aura ( 2 ) azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva / zuddha pAriNAmika bhAva : zuddha dravyAthika naya kI apekSA se zuddha pArinAmika bhAva eka jIvatva hI hai, kyoMki yaha zuddha Atmadravya kA caitanya rUpa pariNAma hai / pUjyapAda ne jIvatva kA artha caitanya kiyA hai, isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki jIvatva bhAva zuddha AtmA kA pariNAma hai / 4 amRtacandrasUri" ne bhI jIvatva zakti kA svarUpa yahI kiyA hai / yaha zuddha pAriNAmika bhAva avinAzI hai aura yaha mukta jIva meM pAyA jAtA hai / azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva : azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva paryAyajanya (Azrita ) hone ke kAraNa vinAzazIla hotA hai / paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA se azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-- jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva / jIvatva kI vyutpatti " daza prakAra ke prANoM se jItA hai, jItA thA aura jIyegA " isa prakAra karane para jIvatva karma janita daza prakAra ke yaha azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva kahalAtA hai / tInoM azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva prANoM kA rUpa hone se sabhAviyo hodi pariNAmo // - gommaTasAra 1. ( ka ) kAraNaNiravekkhabhavo ( karmakANDa ), 815 / (kha) kammajabhAvAtIdaM jANagabhAvaM visesa AhAraM / taM pariNAmI jIvo aceyaNaM pahudi iyarANaM // - nayacakra, 374 | 2. paMcAstikAya, tattvadIpikA, 58 / 3. ( ka ) athavA, caitanyaM jIvazabdenAbhidhIyate taccAnAdidravyabhavananimittatvAt pAriNAmikam |---tttvaarthvaartik, 2|7|6 / (kha) tathAhi ", tatra zuddhacaitanyarUpajIvatvamavinazvaratvena zuddhadravyAzritatvAcchUdradravyArthikasaMjJaH zuddhapAriNAmikabhAvo bhavyate / dravyasaMgraha, 13 / 4. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 2|7 | 5. Atmadravya hetubhUtacaitanyamAtrabhAvadhAraNalakSaNA AtmakhyAti TIkA, pariziSTa, zakti 1 / 'jIvatvazaktiH / samayasAra,

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128 : jaina-darzana meM Atma-vicAra saMsArI jIva ke vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se hote haiM, zuddha nizcaya naya kI apekSA se nhiiN| mukta jIva meM eka bhI azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva nahIM hotA hai|' vIrasena ne bhI kahA hai ki jIvatva pAriNAmika bhAva (azuddha pAriNAmika bhAva) prANoM ko dhAraNa karane kI apekSA hone vAlA ayogI ke antima samaya se Age nahIM pAyA jAtA hai kyoMki siddhoM meM kAraNabhUta aSTa karmoM kA abhAva hotA hai| / uparyukta pA~ca bhAvoM meM se audayika bhAva bandha kA kAraNa hai aura aupazamika, kSAyika aura kSAyopazamika bhAva AtmA ke mokSa ke kAraNa / pAriNAmika bhAva bandha aura mokSA donoM kA kAraNa nahIM hai / (kha) jaina darzana meM AtmA kA svarUpa sarvajJatA meM paryavasita hai : jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA jJAna svabhAva vAlA hai / jJa-svabhAva vAlA hone se samasta padArthoM ko jAnane kI usameM svAbhAvika zakti hotI hai| lekina anAdi kAla se AtmA rAga-dveSa aura jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke AvaraNa se mukta hone ke kAraNa usakI sakala padArthoM ko jAnane kI zakti AvRta ho jAtI hai / lekina jaba koI sAdhaka tapa aura dhyAna ke dvArA ina Agantuka doSoM aura AvaraNoM kA samUla kSaya kara detA hai to tape hue sone kI taraha AtmA kA svAbhAvika svarUpa camakane lagatA hai| isa avasthA meM use apane svAbhAvika svarUpa anantajJAna kI prApti ho jAtI hai| isa anantajJAna ko jainadarzana meM kevalajJAna kahA gayA hai / kevalajJAna trikAlavartI tathA tIna loka ke samasta dravyoM aura unakI sUkSma-sthUla, bhUtakAlIna, bhAvI aura vartamAna kAla sambandhI samasta paryAyoM ko eka sAtha yugapad jAnatA hai / kevalajJAna se yukta AtmA ko kevalI evaM sarvajJa kahate haiM / isa prakAra jaina-cintakoM ne Arambha se AtmA ke svarUpa ko sarvajJatA meM paryavasita mAnA hai / sarvajJatA ke viSaya meM jaina dRSTikoNa ko vistRta rUpa se prastuta karane ke pUrva bhAratIya darzana meM upalabdha sarvajJatA sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta karanA Avazyaka hai / 1. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, 13 / 2. dhavalA, 14 / 5 / 6 / 16 / 3. vahI, 7 / 2 / 117 / 4. (ka) tattvArthasUtra, 1 / 29 / sarvArthasiddhi TIkA, 1129 / tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 29 / 9 / (kha) jJo jJeye kathamajJaH syAdasati pratibandhane / dAhye'gnirdAhako na syAdasatiH pratibandhane |-assttshsrii, pR0 50 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 129 bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa para dRSTipAta karane se jJAta hotA hai ki cArvAka aura mImAMsaka darzanoM ke alAvA zeSa sabhI darzana sarvajJatA kI na kevala sambhAvanA karate haiM balki prakhara tarkoM dvArA usakI sthApanA bhI karate haiM / cArvAka darzana ko mAnyatA : indriya pratyakSavAdI hone ke kAraNa cArvAka kisI bhI aise padArtha kI sattA nahIM mAnate haiM jisakA indriyoM se pratyakSa na hotA ho / sarvajJatA atIndriya padArtha hai, usakA kisI ko cakSu indriya se pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai / ataH isa darzana meM sarvajJatA kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai|' mImAMsaka darzana kA dRSTikoNa : mImAMsaka darzana meM veda apauruSeya mAnA gayA hai / isa darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki dharma jaise atIndriya padArthoM kA jJAna veda dvArA hI saMbhava hai| ataH koI aisA puruSa nahIM hai, jo dharmajJa ho / isakA kAraNa yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki manuSya rAgI, dveSI evaM alpajJa hote haiN| aisA koI manuSya nahIM ho sakatA hai jo rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara sarvajJa bana jAe aura dharmAdi atIndriya padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara sake / bhaTTa kumArila ke zlokavAtika para dhyAna dene se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prArambha meM unheM dharmajJatva kA nirAkaraNa karanA hI abhISTa rahA, sarvajJatA kA nhiiN| bAda meM unhoMne sarvajJatA kA bhI khaNDana prabala yuktiyoM se kiyA hai / ye yuktiyA~ mImAMsAzlokavArtika ke alAvA pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM jaina-bauddha darzana zAstroM meM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mImAMsA darzana meM dharmajJa aura sarvajJa doSoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI kA bhI yahI mata hai|' 1. aSTasahasrI, pR0 35-36 / 2. (ka) codanAlakSaNo dhrmH|-jaiminiisuutr, 1 / 1 / 2 / (kha) zA0 bhA0, 11115 3. jainadravyasaMgraha, pR0 2 para uddhRva kA rikA / 4. dharmajJatvaniSedhazca kevalo'trApi yujyate / sarvamanyadvijAnaMstu puruSaH kena vAryate // yadi SaDbhiH pramANaH syAt sarvajJaH kena vAryate / ekena tu pramANena sarvajJo yena kalpyate / / nUnaM sa cakSuSA sarvAn rasAdIn pratipadyate / -nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, (prastAvanA), pR0 28, para uddhRta / 5. mImAMsAzlokavArtika, 2 kArikA 110-143 / 6. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 247-254 / 7. tattvasaMgraha, kA0 3124-3246 / 8. darzana aura cintana, pR0 128 /

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ho ho ho 130 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kA dRSTikoNa : nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM Izvara kA jJAna nitya mAnA gayA hai| isalie isa darzana meM Izvara nitya sarvajJa hai|' isake atirikta jina yogI AtmAoM ne yoga ke dvArA vaisA sAmarthya prApta kara liyA hai una AtmAoM meM bhI yogaja sarvajJatA kA honA nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika mAnate haiN| lekina nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki sarvajJa hone para hI mokSa kI prApti ho sakatI hai| yogiyoM kA jJAna anitya hotA hai isalie mokSa-prApti ke bAda unakA sarvajJatva naSTa ho jAtA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika Izvara ko sarvajJa mAna kara vedoM ko IzvarakRta mAnatA hai| ataH mImAMsakoM kI taraha isa darzana meM bhI dharma ke viSaya meM veda ko hI pramANa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya-yoga darzana aura sarvajJatA : sAMkhya-yoga darzana meM sarvajJatA kI sambhAvanA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kI taraha hai| sAMkhya-yoga dArzanika bhI nyAya-vaizeSika kI taraha yogaja sarvajJatA ko aNimAdi RddhiyoM kI bhA~ti yoga vibhUti mAtra mAnatA hai, jo kisI-kisI sAdhaka ko prApta ho sakatI hai / sAMkhya dArzanika jJAna ko puruSa kA guNa na mAna kara buddhi kA guNa mAnate haiM / buddhi prakRtijanya mahAn kA pariNAma hai| ataH isa mata ke anusAra prakRti hI sarvajJa hai / kaivalya kI prApti ho jAne para yaha sarvajJatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| yoga-darzana puruSa-vizeSa rUpa Izvara ko nitya sarvajJa mAnatA hai| jaisA ki nyAya-vaizeSika mAnate haiM / yogaja sarvajJatA viSaya-vAsanA tAraka viveka jJAnarUpa hai,5 yaha anitya hone ke kAraNa apavarga ke pazcAt vinaSTa ho jAtI hai| sAMkhya-yoga dArzanika nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanikoM se isa bAta meM bhI sahamata haiM ki bauddhika yA yogaja sarvajJatA mokSa prApti ke lie anivArya zarta nahIM hai arthAt binA sarvajJatA ke bhI kaivalya kI prApti ho sakatI hai| 1. tarkasaMgraha : annam bhaTTa / 2. vaizeSikasUtra, 9 / 1111-13 evaM prazastapAda bhASya / 3. draSTavya-nyAyabhASya, adhyAya 5 / 4. klezakarmavipAkAzayaraparAmRSTa: puruSavizeSa IzvaraH / -yogasUtra, 1124 / 5. tArakaM sarvaviSayaM sarvathA viSayamakramaM ceti vivekajaM jJAnam / -yogasUtra, 3.54 1 6. sattvapuruSayoH zuddhisAmye kaivalyamiti / -yogasUtra, 3 / 55 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 131 vedAnta darzana meM sarvajJatA : vedAnta dArzanika sarvajJatA ko antaHkaraNaniSTha mAnate haiN| vedAntiyoM kA mata hai ki isa prakAra kI sarvajJatA jIvana-mukta dazA taka hI rahatI hai, anta meM naSTa ho jAtI hai| mukta dazA meM brahma ke saccidAnanda svarUpa meM mukta jIva vilIna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra vivecana se spaSTa hai ki nyAya vaizeSika paramparA meM sarvajJatA anAdi ananta na hokara sAdi aura sAnta hai| zramaNa paramparA meM sarvajJatA : zramaNa paramparA meM jaina aura bauddha-ye do darzana pramukha haiN| inakI mAnyatA hai ki koI bhI vyakti dharma-sAdhanA ke dvArA vItarAgI tathA kevalajJAnI bana sakatA hai aura samasta atIndriya padArthoM ko jAna sakatA hai| vItarAgI puruSa ke vacana hI pramANa hote haiN| vaha sAkSAtkRta tattvoM kA arthAt mokSa aura usake upAya rUpa dharma kA upadeza detA hai, jo Agama kA rUpa le letA hai| jisa prakAra dharmAdi atIndriya padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kisI RSabhAdi tIrthaMkara yA buddha ne kiyA, kevalajJAna yA bodhi ke prApta hone para koI bhI sAdhaka unako pratyakSa kara sakatA hai| bauddha aura jaina paramparA meM sarvajJatA viSayaka vicAra kA alaga-alaga vivecana nimnAMkita hai : bauddha darzana meM sarvajJatA : bauddha darzana meM sarvajJatA ko apekSA dharmajJatA kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| bauddha dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki buddhAcArya Aryasatya ke sAkSAtkartA hote haiM aura isa caturAryadharma ke viSaya meM ve hI pramANa hote haiM / buddha avidyA aura tRSNA se yukta jIvoM ko sAMsArika duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie karuNApUrvaka dharma kA upadeza dete haiM / dharmakIti kA yaha bhI mata hai ki "puruSa saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM ko jAne yA nahIM, isa nirarthaka bAta se hameM koI matalaba nahIM hai / mokSamArga (dharma ) meM upayogI jJAna kA hameM vicAra karanA cAhie / arthAt-vaha dharmajJa hai yA nahIM ? yadi koI ( mokSa mArga meM anupayogI ) jagat ke kIr3e-makor3oM kI saMkhyA ko jAnatA hai to usase hameM kyA lAbha ? arthAt dharma se usakA koI sambandha nahIM hai / jo heya aura upAdeya tathA unake upAyoM ko jAnatA hai vahI hamAre lie pramANa hai, sabakA jAnane vAlA nhiiN|' vaha dUra taka 1. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, (prastAvanA), pR0 29 / 2. tasmAt pramANaM tayorvA catuHsatyaprakAzanam / -pramANavArtika, 11147 / 3. tasmAdanuSTheyagataM jJAnamasya vicAryatAm / kITasaMkhyAparijJAnaM tasya naH kvopayujyate ||-vhii, 1 / 32 / 4. heyopAdeyatattvasya hAnyupAyasya vedakaH / yaH pramANamasAviSTo na tu sarvasya vedakaH ||-vhii, 1133 /

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132 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra dekhatA hai yA nahIM, yadi vaha iSTa tattva arthAt dharma kA draSTA hai to vaha pramANa svarUpa hai / yadi dUra taka dekhane vAle ko sarvajJa mAnA jAe to gRddha ko hI pramANa mAna lenA cAhie kyoMki vaha bahuta dUra taka dekhatA hai / "" dharmakIrti ke isa vicAra se spaSTa hai ki ve sarvajJatA ko nirarthaka mAnate haiM aura dharmajJatA kA samarthana karate haiM / dharmakIrti kA yaha mata kumArila se bilakula viparIta hai / isa sambandha meM DaoN0 mahendrakumAra ne kahA hai "tAtparya yaha hai ki jahA~ kumArila ne pratyakSa se dharmajJatA kA niSedha karake dharma ke viSaya meM veda kA hI abAdhita adhikAra svIkAra kiyA hai, vahA~ dharmakIrti ne pratyakSa se hI dharma mokSamArga kA sAkSAtkAra mAna kara pratyakSa ke dvArA hone vAlI sarvajJatA kA joroM se samarthana kiyA / 2" dharma kA kahanA hai ki jJAna pravAha se doSoM kA nirmUla vinAza ho jAne se aura nairAtmya bhAvanA kA cintana karane se dharma kA sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai / dharmakIrti ke uttaravartI bauddha dArzanikoM ne dharmajJatA ke sAtha sarvajJatA kI sattA bhI siddha kI hai / 3 prajJAkara gupta aura zAntarakSita mAnate haiM ki sabhI yogI yA vItarAgI thor3e se prayatna karane para sugata kI taraha sarvajJa evaM dharmajJa ho sakate haiM / 4 yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki bhagavAn buddha apane ko kabhI sarvajJa nahIM mAnate the / yahI kAraNa hai ki atIndriya padArthoM ko avyAkRta kaha kara mauna dhAraNa kara lete the / ve apane ko dharmajJa yA mArgajJa rUpa meM hI sarvajJa mAnate the / unakA upadeza thA, dharma kA pUrNa nirmala sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai / dharma jAnane ke lie kisI pustaka vizeSa kI zaraNa meM jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / I jainadarzana meM sarvajJatA : jaina darzana meM sarvajJatA sambandhI vicAra atyanta prAcIna hai / prArambha se hI jaina AcAryoM ne apane tIrthaMkaroM kI sarvajJatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / jJAnasvabhAva AtmA ke nirAvaraNa hone para anantajJAna yA sarvajJatA svAbhAvika rUpa se 1. pramANavArtika 1 / 35 / 2. siddhivinizcaya TIkA, prastAvanA, pR0 110 / 3. ( ka ) pramANavArtika alaMkAra, pR0 52 evaM 329 / (kha) svargApavargasaMprApti hetujJo'stIti gamyate / sAkSAnna kevalaM kintu sarvajJo'pi pratIyate // - tattvasaMgraha, kA0 3309 / 4. ( ka ) pramANavArtika alaMkAra, pR0 329 / (kha) tattvasaMgraha kA0, 3628-29 / 5. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, prastAvanA, pR0 30 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 133 prakaTa ho jAtI hai / SaTkhaMDAgama meM kahA gayA hai ki "svayaM utpanna hue jJAna aura darzana se yukta bhagavAn......", saba lokoM, saba jIvoM aura samasta padArthoM ko eka sAtha ( yugapat ) jAnate haiM evaM dekhate haiM / " AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI yahI kahA hai| kundakundAcArya3, zivArya evaM niyuktikAra bhadrabAha ne vItarAgI kevalajJAnI ko samasta padArthoM kA yugapat draSTA kahA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne niyamasAra ke zuddhopayogAdhikAra meM kahA hai ki "kevalo bhagavAn samasta padArthoM ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM, yaha kathana vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se hai lekina nizcaya naya kI apekSA se ve apane Atma-svarUpa ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM / " isa para DaoN0 mahendrakumAra ne siddhivinizcaya kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai ki "isase spaSTa phalita hotA hai ki kevalI kI parapadArthajJatA vyAvahArika hai, naizcayika nhiiN| vyavahAra naya ko abhUtArtha aura nizcaya naya ko bhUtArtha-paramArtha svIkAra karane kI mAnyatA se sarvajJatA kA paryavasAna antataH AtmajJatA se ho hotA hai|" tArkika yuga meM samantabhadrAcArya, siddhasena, bhaTTAkalaMkadeva , haribhadra, vIrasena, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra aura hemacandra prabhUti jaina tarkazAstriyoM ne prabala yuktiyoM se sarvajJa kI sattA sthApita kI hai / samantabhadra svAmI kA tarka hai ki paramANu aura dharma Adi sUkSma padArtha, atIta meM hue rAma-rAvaNAdi antarita arthAt kAla kI dRSTi se jinakA antarAla hai aise padArtha aura himavAn Adi deza viprakRSTa padArtha kisI puruSa ke pratyakSa haiM kyoMki ve anumeya haiM, jaise agni Adi / jisako sUkSmAdi atIndriya padArthoM kA pratyakSa hotA hai vahI sarvajJa hai| isa prakAra anumAna pramANa se sarvajJa kI sattA siddha ko gayI hai| samantabhadrAcArya ko isa 1. SaDkhaNDAgama, 13 / 5 / 5 / 82 / 2. AcArAMga sUtra, zru0 2, cU0 3 / darzana aura cintana , pR0 129 para uddhRta / 3. pravacanasAra, 1147 / niyamasAra, 167 / 4. bhAve sagavisayatthe sUro jugavaM jahA payAse i| . savvaM vi tahA jugavaM kevalaNANaM payAsedi |-bhgvto ArAdhanA, 2142 / 5. saMbhiNAM pAsaMto logamalogaM ca savvao savvaM / taM Natthi jaM na pAsai bhUyaM bhavvaM bhavissaM ca ||-aavshyk niyukti, kA0 127 / 6. niyamasAra, gA0 159 / 7. siddhivinizcaya TIkA, prastAvanA, pR0 111 / 8. AptamImAMsA, kArikA, 5 /

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134 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra yukti kA akalaMka deva, haribhadra evaM vidyAnanda Adi AcAryoM ne anukaraNa kiyA hai| unako dUsarI yukti hai ki jisa prakAra tapAne se sone kA bAhya aura Antarika kITa-kAlimAdi mala kA pUrNa kSaya ( abhAva ) ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra tapasyA Adi se AtmA ke ( sarvajJatA ko rokane vAle ) doSa aura AvaraNoM kA pUrNa kSaya avazya hotA hai / jisa AtmA ke samasta doSa aura AvaraNoM kA samUla kSaya ho jAtA hai vahI AtmA sarvajJa hai / / bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne sarvajJatA kI sthApanA mahattvapUrNa yuktiyoM dvArA kI hai| unakI pahalI yukti hai ki AtmA meM sakala padArthoM ko jAnane kI zakti hai / kintu saMsArI dazA meM jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke AvaraNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa Atmazakti pUrNa rUpa se prakAzita nahIM ho pAtI hai| lekina jaba samasta AvaraNa naSTa ho jAte haiM to vahI atIndriya jJAna samasta jJeyoM ko kyoM nahIM jAnegA ? arthAt bAdhA ke abhAva meM avazya hI jaanegaa| akalaMkadeva kA dUsarA tarka hai ki yadi kisI ko atIndriya padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai to sUrya, candra Adi jyotiSa-grahoM kI grahaNa Adi bhaviSyakAlIna dazAoM kA upadeza kaise ho sakegA ? jyotirjJAna mithyA na hokara avisaMvAdo hotA hai| ataH siddha hai ki unakA upadeza karane vAlA trikAladarzI thA tathA jisa prakAra satya svapna darzana se indriyAdi kI sahAyatA kI apekSA kiye binA bhAvI rAjyAdi lAbha kA yathArtha jJAna ho jAtA hai usI prakAra sarvajJa kA jJAna atIndriya padArthoM meM vaizadya rUpa hotA hai aura sabhI padArtha spaSTa prakAzita hote haiN|" sarvajJatA siddha karane ke lie unakA tIsarA tarka hai ki jisa prakAra parimANa, 1. (ka) nyAyavinizcaya, 3 / 29 / (kha) siddhivinizcaya, 8 / 31 / (ga) zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 101593 / (gha) tattvArthazlokavArtika, 111 / __ kArikA, 10 / (Ga) AptaparIkSA, kArikA, 8 / 2. AptamImAMsA, kArikA, 4 / 3. jJasyAvaraNavicchede jJeyaM kimavaziSyate / aprApyakAriNastasmAt sarvArthA___ valokanam ||-nyaayvinishcy, 3 / 80, 3 / 24, 2 / 192-93 / 4. (ka) dhIratyantaparokSe'rthe na cetpuMsAM kutaH punaH / jyotirjJAnAvisaMvAdaH zrutAccet sAdhanAntaram ||-siddhivinishcy TIkA, 8 / 2, pR0 526 / (kha) nyAyavinizcaya, 3 / 28 / 5. nyAyavinizcaya, 3 / 21 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 135 1 atizaya yukta hone se aNuparimANa se bar3hate-bar3hate AkAza meM pUrNa rUpa se mahAparimANa vAlA ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra jJAna atizaya vAlA hone se usake prakarSa kI pUrNatA bhI kisI AtmA meM avazya hotI hai / jisa AtmA meM jJAna kA pUrNa prakarSa hotA hai vahI sarvajJa kahalAtA hai / jisa prakAra maNi Adi kI malinatA vipakSI sAdhanoM ke saMyoga se atyanta naSTa ho jAtI hai usI prakAra kisI AtmA meM AvaraNAdi ke pratipakSI jJAnAdi kA prakarSa hone para AvaraNAdi kA atyantAbhAva ho jAtA hai / ataH sarvajJatA kI sattA yathArtha hai / isake atirikta sarvajJa - siddhi meM eka mahattvapUrNa tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki usakI sattA kA koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai / " jisa prakAra bAdhakAbhAva ke vinizcaya cakSu Adi se utpanna jJAna ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai usI prakAra bAdhA ke asambhava kA nirNaya hone se sarvajJa ke astitva ko na mAnanA mahAn sAhasa hai / " sarvajJa hai" yaha jJAna usI prakAra svataH hI pramANa hai tathA bAdhaka rahita hai jaise "maiM sukhI hU~" yaha jJAna nirbAdha hai / vidyAnanda ne akalaMka deva ke isa yukti kA anukaraNa karake aSTasahasrI, AptaparIkSAdi granthoM meM isakA sUkSma evaM vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / isI prakAra anya AcAryoM ne bhI aneka tarkoM dvArA sarvajJa kI sattA siddha kI / una tarkoM ko yahA~ prastuta karanA sambhava nahIM hai / uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki samasta jaina tarkazAstriyoM ne trikAla aura trilokavartI padArthoM ke jJAtA ke rUpa meM eka svara se sarvajJatA kI sthApanA tathA usakA samarthana kiyA hai / bauddhoM kI taraha jaina tarkazAstriyoM ne dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatA kA bheda karake unameM mukhya aura gauNa rUpa se vicAra nahIM kiyA / jaina dArzanikoM kA vicAra hai ki jo sarvajJa hotA hai usameM dharmajJatA svata: nihita hotI hai / vaidika darzana kI apekSA jaina darzana ke sarvajJatA sambandhI vicAra meM antara yaha hai ki jaina dArzanika mokSa prApti ke lie sarvajJatA ko anivArya mAnate haiM / jIvana - mukti ( kevalI ) avasthA meM yaha sarvajJatA prApta hotI hai aura mukta hone para bhI rahatI hai / kyoMki jaina darzana samasta mukta jIvoM kA svatantra astitva mAnatA hai / yahA~ sarvajJatA sAdi aura ananta mAnI gayI hai / yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hai ki jaina darzana hI mukhyatayA sarvajJavAdI darzana hai, kyoMki jJa-svabhAva AtmA kA svarUpa yahA~ sarvajJatA meM paryavasita hai / 1. jJAnasyAtizayAt sidhyedvibhutvaM parimANavat / | vaizadyaM kvaciddoSamalahAne stimirAkSavat // - siddhivinizcaya TIkA, kArikA 88, pR0 539 8 9, pR0 540 // 2 . vahI, kArikA, 8 / 6-7, pR0 537 538 / 3. AptaparIkSA, 96-110 /

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136 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (ga) Atma vivecana ke prakAra : jIvasamAsa tathA mArgaNAeM jaina darzana meM AtmA ke vivecana ke lie vividha prakAroM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| mArgaNA, jIvasamAsa aura guNasthAna aise prakAra haiM jo jaina darzana meM hI upalabdha haiM aura jinheM jaina darzana kI apUrva dena mAnI jAnI cAhie / AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne bIsa prarUpaNAoM dvArA jIva kA vivecana kiyA hai / ' ye prarUpaNAe~ isa prakAra haiM :-1. guNasthAna, 2. jIvasamAsa, 3. paryApti, 4. prANa, 5. saMjJA, 6-19. caudaha mArgaNA aura 20. upayoga / guNasthAna kA vivecana Age kareMge / prastuta adhyAya meM sarvaprathama jIvasamAsa prarUpaNA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| ___ jIvasamAsa : jina sthAnoM meM jIvoM kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai una sthAnoM kA nAma jIvasamAsa hai| AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne jIvasamAsa kA vivecana vistRta rUpa se kiyA hai| sAmAnya kI apekSA Agama meM jIvasamAsa ke caudaha bheda kiye gaye haiN| bAdara ekendriya, sUkSma ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, asaMjJI paMcendriya aura saMjJI paMcendriya / ye sAtoM prakAra ke jIva paryApta aura aparyApta prakAra ke hote haiN| vistAra se jIva samAsa ke 57 bheda haiM-bAdara pRthivI, sUkSma pRthivI, bAdara jala, sUkSma jala, bAdara teja, sUkSma teja, bAdara vAyu, sUkSma vAyu, bAdara nitya nigoda, sUkSma nitya nigoda, bAdara itara nigoda, sUkSma itara nigoda, sapratiSThita vanaspati aura apratiSThita vanaspati, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura saMjJI evaM asaMjJI paMcendriya / ye unnIsa prakAra ke jova paryApta, nirvRtyaparyApta aura labdhyaparyApta hote haiM / isa prakAra 19x 3 = 57 jIvasamAsa ke vistRta bheda haiM / isake atirikta AcArya nemicandra ne sthAna, yoni, zarIra kI avagAhanA aura kula-ina cAra adhikAroM dvArA jIva samAsa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sthAnAdhikAra apekSA se jIvasamAsoM kA varNana : ekendriya, dvIndriyAdi jAti bheda sthAna kahalAtA hai| sthAna kI apekSA se jIva samAsa ke 98 bheda jIva1. (ka) jIvAH samyagAsate'sminniti jIvasamAsaH |-dhvlaa, 111 / 1 / 8 / (kha) jIvAH samasyante eSviti jIvasamAsAH / vahI, 1111112 / 2. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA0 2 / 3. (ka) SaTkhaMDAgama, 1 / 1 / 1 / 33-35 / (kha) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 74 / 4. vahI, 74 / bAdarAdi zabdoM kA artha tathA ekendriya Adi jIvoM kA vivecana isI adhyAya meM Age kareMge /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 137 kANDa meM kiye gaye haiN| uparyukta jIvoM ke 57 bhedoM meM se paMcendriya chaha bheda (saMjJI paryApta. saMjJI aparyApta, saMzI nirvRtyaparyApta aura isI prakAra asaMjJI paryApta Adi tIna) ghaTAne para vikalendriya jIva 51 prakAra ke rahate haiN| inameM karma bhUmi tiyaMca ke tIsa bheda aura bhogabhUmija tiryaJca ke cAra bheda milAne para tiryaggati sambandhI jIva samAsa ke 85 bheda hote haiN| paryApta Arya manuSya, nityaparyApta Arya manuSya, labdha paryApta Arya manuSya, paryApta mokSa manuSya, nirvRtyaparyApta mleccha manuSya, paryApta bhogabhUmija manuSya, nirvRtyaparyApta bhogabhUmija manuSya, paryApta kubhogabhamija manuSya aura nirvatyaparyApta kubhogabhUmija manuSya-ye manuSyoM ke 9 bheda hote haiM / devoM ke do bheda haiM-paryApta aura nirvRtyaparyApta deva / nArakiyoM ke do bheda haiM-paryApta nArakI aura nirvatyaparyApta naarkii| isa prakAra (tiryaggati ke 85 bheda, manuSya gati ke 9 bheda, devagati ke 2 bheda, narakagati ke 2 bheda) jIva samAsa ke 98 bheda hote haiN| yoni adhikAra ko apekSA se jIva samAsa kA varNana : jIvoM ke utpanna hone ke sthAna ko pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ne yoni kahA hai / yoni aura janma meM bheda karate hue sarvArthasiddhi tathA tattvArthavArtika meM kahA hai ki yoni AdhAra hai aura janma Adheya hai| kyoMki sacitta Adi yoni rUpa AdhAra meM sammUrcchana, garbhaja aura upapAta janma ke dvArA AtmA zarIra, AhAra aura indriyoM ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai / nemicandrAcArya ne gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM yoni kA do prakAra se vivecana kiyA hai / AkAra apekSA se yoni zaMkhAvarta, kUrmonnata aura 1. igivaNNaM igivigale, asaNNisaNNigayajalathalakhagANaM / gabbhabhave sammucche, dutigaM bhogathalakhecare do do ||-gommttsaar (jIvakANDa), 79 / karmabhUmija aura bhogabhUmija tiryaJcoM ke vistRta bheda ke lie draSTavya-dvitIya adhyAya / 2. vahI, 81 3. (ka) yonirupapAdadezapudgalapracayaH / -sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 32 / (kha) yUyata iti yoniH |-tttvaarthvaartik, 2 / 32 / 10 / (a) AdhArAdheyabhedAttadbhedaH |-vhii, 2 / 32 / (A)tattvArthavArtika, pR0 142 / jIvoM kA janma tIna prakAra kA hai-garbhaja, sammaLunaja va upapAdaja | garbhaja janma tIna prakAra kA hai-jarAyuja, aMDaja aura potaja / cAroM ora se paramANu ke mizraNa se svayaM utpanna honA svataH utpanna honA saMmUrcchana hai| isameM tithaMca utpanna hote haiM / deva aura nArakiyoM kA utpanna honA upapAta janma kahalAtA hai /

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138 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra vaMzapatra tIna prakAra kI hotI hai / zaMkhAvarta yoni meM garbha nahIM rahatA / kUrmonnata ( kachuA kI pITha kI taraha uThI huI) yoni meM tIrthaMkara, ardhacakravartI, cakravartI, balabhadra puruSa utpanna hote haiM aura vaMzapatra yoni meM sAdhAraNa jIva utpanna hote haiM / " guNa kI apekSA yoni ke nau bheda haiM- sacitta, zIta, saMvRta ( DhakI huI) acitta, uSNa, vivRta ( khulI), sacittAcitta, zItoSNa aura saMvRta-vivRta 12 mUlAcAra meM vaTTakera ne batAyA hai ki ekendriya, nArakI aura deva saMvRta yoni hotI hai, do indriya se caturendriya taka ke jIvoM ke vivRta yoni hotI hai / garbhajoM ke saMvRta-vivRta mizra yoni hotI hai / deva nArakiyoM ke acitta yoni aura garbhajoM ke sacittAcitta rUpa mizra yoni tathA zeSa saMmUrchanoM ke sacitta, acitta aura mizra ye tInoM yoni hotI haiM / deva nArakiyoM ke zIta aura uSNa yoni, tejakAyika jIva ke uSNa tathA zeSa jIvoM kI tInoM prakAra kI yoni hotI hai / vistAra ko apekSA se yoni ke bheda: vaTTakera evaM nemicandra Adi AcAryoM ne yoni ke caurAsI lAkha bheda kiye haiM, nitya nigoda, itara nigoda, pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu kI sAta-sAta lAkha yoni, pratyeka vanaspati kI dasa lAkha, dvIndriya se caturindriya taka pratyeka kI do-do lAkha, deva nArakI aura paMcendriya tiryaMca taka kI pratyeka cAra-cAra lAkha aura manuSya kI caudaha lAkha yoni hotI haiN| zarIra kI avagAhana kI apekSA se jIvasamAsa kA nirUpaNa : zarIra ke choTebar3e bheda dehAvagAhanA haiM / pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi ke dasaveM adhyAya meM kahA bhI hai 'prANI ko jitanA zarIra milA hai utane meM Atma pradezoM ko vyApta karake rahanA jIva kI avagAhanA kahalAtI hai / jaghanya aura utkRSTa kI apekSA se avagAhanA do prakAra kI hotI hai / " sarvajaghanya avagAhanA utpatti ke tIsare samaya meM sUkSma nigodiyA labdha paryAptaka jIva kI aMgulI ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa 1. gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa ), 82-83 / 2. tattvArthasUtra, 2 / 32 // (kha) gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa), 84 / 3. mUlAcAra, 1099-1101 / 4. ( ka ) mUlAcAra, gA0 226 / (kha) gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa ), 90 / 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 10 / 1 / 6. eka hAtha meM 24 aMgula hote haiM /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 139 kI batalAI gayI hai| isa jIva ko yaha avagAhanA utpatti ke tIsare samaya meM hI isalie hotI hai ki tIsare samaya meM sUkSma nigodiyA labdhaka jIva golAkAra hotA hai| zeSa prathama aura dvitIya samaya meM yaha jIva kramazaH AyatAkAra aura vargAkAra hotA hai| isalie ina samayoM meM jaghanya avagAhanA nahIM hotI hai / utkRSTa avagAhanA mahAmatsya kI hotI hai| yaha matsya svayambhUramaNa samudra ke madhya meM rahatA hai / isakA pramANa eka hajAra yojana lambA, pA~ca sau yojana caur3A aura DhAI sau yojana moTA hotA hai / yaha sarvotkRSTa avagAhanA dhana kSetraphala kI apekSA se hai| indriyoM kI apekSA se jaghanya avagAhanA : gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM AcArya nemicandra ke anusAra dvIndriyoM meM jaghanya avagAhanA anuMdharIjIva kI ghanAMgula ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga, trIndriya jIvoM meM kuthu kI jaghanya avagAhanA anuMdharI se saMkhyAta guNI, isase saMkhyAta guNI caturindriya jIvoM meM kANamakSikA kI aura isase saMkhyAta guNI paMcendriyoM meM sikthamatsya kI jaghanya avagAhanA hotI hai / indriyoM ko apekSA se utkRSTa avagAhanA : ekendriya jIvoM meM sabase utkRSTa kamala ke zarIra kI avagAhanA (lambAI kI apekSA) kucha adhika eka hajAra yojana, dvIndriyoM meM zaMkha kI bAraha yojana, trIndriya jIvoM meM cIMTI kI tIna kosa, caturindriya jIvoM meM bhramara kI eka yojana aura paMcendriya jIvoM meM mahAmatsya kI eka hajAra yojana utkRSTa avagAhanA hotI hai / kuloM kI apekSA jIvasamAsa kA varNana : zarIra ke bheda ke kAraNabhUta no karma vargaNA ke bheda ko kula kahate haiN| vibhinna jIvoM ke kuloM kI saMkhyA mUlAcAra, gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa Adi meM nimnAMkita pratipAdita kI gayI hai 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 95 / 2. (ka) gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa), jIvatattvapradIpikA, 95 / (kha) ghavalA, 11 / 4 / 2 / 20 / 3. gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa), hindo TokA, 95-96 / 4. vahI, 96 saMskRta evaM hindI TIkA / 5, gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 97 / 6. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) hindI bhAvArtha, 114 / 7. mUlAcAra, 221-225 / 8. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 115-117 / 9. tattvArthasAra, 2 / 112-116 /

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140 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra pRthivIkAyika jIvoM ke 22 lAkha karor3a kula jalakAyika jIvoM ke 7 lAkha karor3a kula vAyukAyika jIvoM ke 7 lAkha karor3a kula tejakAyika jIvoM ke 3 lAkha vanaspati jIvoM ke 28 lAkha karor3a kula dvIndriya jIvoM ke 7 lAkha karor3a kula trIndriya jIvoM ke 8 lAkha karor3a kula caturindriya jIvoM ke 9 lAkha karor3a kula paMcendriya jIvoM meM jalacara ke 123 lAkha karor3a kula , khecara ke 12 lAkha karor3a kula paMcendriya jIvoM meM bhUcara ke 10 lAkha karor3a kula paMcendriya jIvoM meM bhUcara (sarpAdi) ke 9 lAkha karor3a kula paMcendriya jIvoM meM nArakiyoM ke 25 lAkha karor3a kula manuSyoM ke 12 lAkha karor3a kula devoM ke 29 lAkha karor3a kula samasta jIvoM ke kuloM kI saMkhyA eka koDAkor3I satAnave lAkha tathA pacAsa hajAra koTi hai lekina mUlAcAra meM vaTTakera ne manuSyoM ke kula caudaha lAkha koTi kahe haiM / ataH isa mata se kuloM kI saMkhyA 1993 lAkha karor3a hai|' isa taraha jaina zAstroM meM jIvasamAsa kA jo vivecana upalabdha hotA hai usase jIva vijJAna para paryApta zodha sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI hai / jahA~ taka hamArA adhyayana hai isa taraha jIvoM ke sthAnoM kA vivecana anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / ataH jaina darzana kI jIvasamAsa viSayaka eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi kahI jA sakatI hai| paryApti-prarUpaNA : AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana kI niSpatti yA pUrNatA ko Agama meM paryApti kahate haiM / 2 paryApti kA pramukha 1. chabbIsaM paNavIsaM cudskulkoddisdshssaaiiN| suraNeraiyaNarANaM jahAkama hoi NAyavvaM / / mUlAcAra, 224 / 2. (ka) AhAra zarIra""niSpattiH paryAptiH |-dhvlaa, 111 / 170 / (kha) AhAra-sarIrIdiyaNissAsussAsa bhAsa maNasANaM / pariNai vAvAresu ya jAo chacceva sattIo / / tasseva kAraNANaM puggalakhaMdhANa jAhu NippattI / sA pajjattI bhnnnndi-|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 134-335 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 141 kAraNa paryApti nAma-karma kA udaya honA hai|' mRtyu ke pazcAt saMsArI jIva dUsarA janma lene ke lie yoni sthAna meM praveza karate hI apane zarIra ke yogya kucha pudgala vargaNA ko grahaNa karatA hai isI ko AhAra kahate haiM / isa AhAra vargaNA ko khala, rasabhAga Adi meM pariNata karane kI jIva kI zakti kA pUrNa ho jAnA paryApti hai / AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana ina chahoM paryAptiyoM kA Arambha yugapat hotA hai lekina unakI pUrNatA krama se hotI hai| AcArya nemicandra, vIrasena Adi ne batAyA hai ki ekendriya jIvoM ke AhAra, zarIra, indriya aura zvAsocchvAsa ye cAra paryAptiyA~ hotI haiM / dvIndriya se lekara asaMjJI paJcendriya jIvoM ke AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa aura bhASA pA~ca tathA saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke chahoM prakAra kI paryAptiyA~ hotI haiM / paryApti prarUpaNA ke anusAra jIva ke bheda : paryApti prarUpaNA ke anusAra jIva paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka kI apekSA do prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM / yadyapi jIva paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka, paryApti aura aparyApti nAmakarma ke udaya se hotA hai lekina prastuta meM zarIra paryApti ke pUrNa hone (indriyAdi apUrNa rahane para bhI) se jIva paryAptaka kahalAtA hai / aparyAptaka jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM nirvRtti aura labdha aparyAptaka / jaba taka zarIra paryApti kI pUrNatA nahIM hotI hai taba taka vaha nirvRtti aparyApta kahalAtA hai| kucha aparyApta jIva zarIra paryApti pUrNa kiye antarmuhUrta kAla meM mara jAte haiM, eka antarmuhUrta meM 66336 bAra yA eka zvAsa meM 18 bAra janma-maraNa karane vAle Agama meM labdha aparyAptaka jIva kahalAte haiM / " yaha labdhyaparyAptaka jIva mithyAtva guNasthAna meM hote haiN| nirvatyaparyAptaka jIva sAsAdana, asaMyata aura pramatta guNasthAna meM hote haiM aura paryAptaka sabhI guNasthAnoM meM hote haiM / 1. gommaTasAra (jovakANDa), 118 kA hindI bhAvArtha / 2. vahI, 120 / 3. (ka) SaTkhaMDAgama, 1 / 1 / 1 / 71-75 / (kha) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 119 / 4. jAva sarIramapuNNaM Nivvatti apuNNago tAva ||-vho, 121 / zarIraparyAptyA niSpannaH paryApta iti bhaNyate |-dhvlaa, 11 / 1176, 15 / 5. udaye du apuNNassa ya sagasagapajjattiyaM Na Nivadi / aMtomuttamaraNaM laddhi apajjattago so du||-gommttsaar (jIvakANDa), 123 / 6. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 127 /

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142 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra 1. AhAra paryApti : mRtyu ke bAda navIna zarIra ke yogya nokarmavargaNA ko grahaNa karanA AhAra kahalAtA hai / ataH zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se AhAra ko khala, rasabhAga rUpa pariNamana karane kI jova kI zakti kA pUrNa honA AhAra paryApti kahalAtI hai / ' , 2. zarIra paryApti : jIva kI vaha zaktivizeSa jisake pUrNa hone para AhAra paryApti ke dvArA pariNata khalabhAga haDDI Adi kaThora avayavoM meM aura rasa bhAga khUna, vasA, aura vIrya Adi tarala avayavoM meM pariNata ho jAtA hai zarIra paryApta kahalAtI hai / zarIra paryApti ke kAraNa hI audArikAdi zarIroM kI zakti se yukta pudgala skandhoM kI prApti hotI hai / 3. indriya paryApti : indriyoM kI pUrNatA indriya paryApti kahalAtI hai / kahA bhI hai : " darzanAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama yogya deza meM sthita rUpAdi se yukta padArthoM ko grahaNa karane vAlI zakti kI utpatti ke kAraNa - bhUta pudgala pracaya kI prApti indriya paryApti kahalAtI hai / 3" 4. zvAsocchvAsa paryApti: AhAra vargaNA se grahaNa kiye gaye pudgala skandhoM ko ucchvAsa- niHzvAsa rUpa se pariNata karane vAlI zakti ko pUrNatA zvAsocchvAsa paryApta kahalAtI hai / " pudgala skandha kahA bhI hai : 5. bhASA paryApti : jisa zakti ke pUrNa hone se vacana rUpa vacanoM meM pariNamita hote haiM vaha bhASA paryApti kahalAtI hai / "svara nAmakarma ke udaya se bhASA vargaNA rUpa pudgala skandhoM ko satya, asatya " Adi bhASA rUpoM meM pariNata karane kI zakti kI niSpatti (pUrNatA ) bhASA paryApta kahalAtI hai / " 6. manaH paryApti : jisa zakti ke pUrNa hone se dravyamana yogya pudgala skandha dravyamana ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM use manaH paryApti kahate haiM / 1. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), jIvatattvapradIpikA, 119, dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1 / 34 / 2 . vahI / 3. vahI / 4. vahI / 5. dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1 / 34 / 6. vahI /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 143 prANa prarUpaNA :jIva meM jIvitapane kA vyavahAra karAne vAlA prANa hai / yaha do prakAra kA hai, nizcaya (bhAva) prANa aura vyavahAra (dravya) prANa / ' Agama meM jIva kI cetanatva zakti nizcaya prANa' aura pudgala dravya se nirmita sparzanAdi pA~ca indriya, mana, vacana, kAya, zvAsocchvAsa tathA Ayu vyavahAra prANa kahalAte haiM / 3 pudgalAtmaka prANa jIva ke svabhAva nahIM haiM / prANa prarUpaNA meM nizcaya prANa hI abhipreta haiM / sthAvara jIvoM ke sparzanendriya, kAya, bala, zvAsocchavAsa aura Ayu ye cAra prANa hote haiM / dvIndriya jIvoM ke sparzana indriya Adi cAra prANoM sahita rasanAprANa aura vacanaprANa bhI hote haiM / tIna indriya vAle jIvoM ke sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa indriya, prANa, kAyabala, vacanabala, zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayu ye sAta prANa hote haiM / caturindriya ke ina sAta prANoM meM cakSu prANa ke milAne para ATha prANa, asaMjJI paMcendriya ke uparyukta ATha tathA zrotra prANa milAkara nau tathA manobala aura uparyukta nau prANa milAkara saMjJI ke dasa prANa hote haiN|4 sayoga kevalI ke vacana, zvAsocchvAsa, Ayu aura kAya ye cAra prANa hote haiM aura ayogI ke eka Ayu prANa hotA hai / 6 siddhoM ke dasa prANoM meM se eka bhI prANa nahIM hotA hai, isalie ve prANAtIta kahalAte haiM / paryApti aura prANa meM bheda : SaTakhaMDAgama kI TIkA dhavalA meM vIrasena ne paryApti aura prANa meM bheda karate hue kahA hai ki paryApti ke kAraNa AhAra, zarIra, indriya, bhASA aura mana rUpa zaktiyoM kI pUrNatA hotI hai aura prANoM ke kAraNa AtmA meM jIvitapane kA vyavahAra hotA hai| dUsarA antara yaha hai ki paryApti kAraNa hai aura prANa kArya hai| prANa prarUpaNA kA vivecana karake AcAryoM ne zuddha caitanyAdi prANoM se yukta zuddha AtmA kI upAdeyatA pratipAdita kI hai| 1. prANiti jIvati ebhiriti prANAH |-dhvlaa, 2 / 1 / 1 / jIvanti-prANati jIvitavyavahArayogyA bhavanti jIvA yaste prANAH / -gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), jIvatattvapradIpikA, 2 / 2. teSu citsAmAnyAnvayino bhAvaprANAH |-pNcaastikaay, tatvadIpikA, 30 / 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 130 / / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 14 / gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 132-33 / paMca saMgraha, 150 / 5. dhavalA, 2 / 1 / 1 / 6. vahI, pR0 445 / 7. dhavalA, 11111134 /

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144 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra saMjJA - prarUpaNA : saMjJA prarUpaNA ke antargata cAra saMjJAoM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai jinase pratyeka saMsArI pIr3ita hai aura jo sabhI ke anubhavagamya hai / " ve cAra saMjJAeM AhAra, bhaya, maithuna evaM parigraha haiM / 2 saMjJA ke utpanna hone kA pramukha kAraNa sva-sva karma kI udIraNA honA hai / gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) Rs meM inakA svarUpa vivecana nimnAMkita hai 3 1. AhAra saMjJA : AhAra saMjJA asAtAvedanIya karma ko udIraNA hone para utpanna hotI hai / isako uttejita karane vAle kAraNa - AhAra ko dekhanA, usake upayoga (pUrva anubhUta AhAra kA smaraNa karane) meM mati rakhanA, peTa kA khAlI honA hai / gauNa kAraNa haiM / 2. bhaya saMjJA : bhaya karma kI udIraNA honA bhaya saMjJA kA mUla kAraNa hai / bhayaMkara padArtha dekhanA, anubhUta bhayaMkara padArtha kA smaraNa karanA, hIna zakti kA honA ye bhaya saMjJA ko uttejita karane vAle kAraNa haiM / 3. maithuna saMjJA : veda karma kI udIraNA honA maithuna saMjJA kA kAraNa hai / isake atirikta tIna kAraNoM se maithuna saMjJA uttejita hotI hai- svAdiSTa aura gariSTha yukta bhojana karanA, bhoge gaye viSayoM kA smaraNa karanA evaM kuzIla kA sevana karanA / 4. parigraha saMjJA : lobha karma kI udIraNA isakA pramukha kAraNa hai / bhogopabhoga ke kAraNabhUta upakaraNoM ko dekhanA, pahale anubhUta padArthoM ko smaraNa karanA tathA unameM mUrcchAbhAva rakhanA - ye tIna parigraha saMjJA ko uttejita karane vAle gauNa kAraNa haiM / guNasthAnoM kI apekSA saMjJA prarUpaNA kA vivecana : kisa guNa-sthAna meM kitanI aura kauna-kauna saMjJAe~ hotI haiM, isakA Agama meM sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| prathama guNa-sthAna ( mithyAtva ) se pramattavirata nAmaka chaThe guNasthAna taka jIvoM ke AhArAdi cAroM saMjJAeM hotI haiM / apramattavirata aura apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna meM AhAra saMjJA ke alAvA zeSa tIna saMjJAe~ 1. ( ka ) iha jAhi vAhiyA vi ya, jIvA pAvaMti dAruNaM dukkhaM / sevaMtA vi ya ubhaye, tAo cattAri saNNAo // - - gommaTasAra ( jIva kANDa), gA0 134 / (kha) AhArAdi viSayAbhilASaH saMjJeti / - sarvArthasiddhi, 2124 | 2. dhavalA, 2 / 1 / 1 / 3. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 135 -138 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 145 hotI haiM / anivRttakaraNa nAmaka guNasthAna meM maithuna aura parigraha saMjJA hotI hai| dasaveM sUkSmasaMparAya nAmaka guNasthAnavI jIvoM meM parigraha saMjJA hI hotI hai, zeSa nhiiN| isake Upara vAle upazAnta Adi guNasthAnoM meM koI saMjJA nahIM hotI hai| ___ AhArAdi cAroM saMjJAoM kA svarUpa jAnakara unake prati tRSNA ko ghaTAnA hI saMsArI jIvoM ke lie zreyaskara hai| mArgaNA : jIvoM ke sambandha meM jaina zAstrakAroM ne mArgaNAoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai / jIva vivecana meM mArgaNA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / ataH yahA~ inakA vivecana karanA lAbhaprada hogaa| svarUpa : SakhaMDAgama tathA usakI TIkA dhavalA ke anusAra mArgaNA, gaveSaNA, anveSaNa, IhA, Uha, apoha aura mImAMsA paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / 2 caudaha jIva samAsa jisameM yA jisake dvArA khoje jAte haiM, use mArgaNA kahate haiM / mArgaNA ke caudaha bheda : nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne mArgaNA ke caudaha bheda nimnAMkita batalAye haiM- (1) gati, (2) indriya, (3kAya, (4) yoga, (5) veda, (6) kaSAya, (7) jJAna, (8) saMyama, (9) darzana, (10) lezyA, (11) bhavya, (12) samyaktva, (13) saMjJo aura (14) AhAra / " ____ gati mArgaNA : gati nAmakarma nAmaka eka nAmakarma kA bheda hai / usake kAraNa bhavAntara meM AtmA ke jAne ko pUjyapAda ne gati kahA hai|ssttkhnnddaagm meM AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUta balI ne gatimArgaNA ke naraka gati, tiryaJca gati, manuSya gati aura siddha gati bheda kiye haiN| inakA vivecana Age kiyA jaaegaa| siddhagati meM nAmakarma kA abhAva hotA hai, isalie use agati kahate haiN| siddha gati asaMkrAMti rUpa hai| 1. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), jIvatattvapradIpikA, 702 / 2. (ka) SaTkhaNDAgama, 13 / 5 / 5 / 38 / (kha) dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 3. (ka) yakAbhiH yAsu vaH jIvAH mRgyeta sA mArgaNAH -gommaTasAra (jIva kANDa ) jIvatattvapradIpikA, 2 / / (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 141 / 4. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) 142 / 5. yadudayAdAtmA bhavAntaraM gacchati sA gatiH-sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 11 / 6. SaTkhaNDAgama, 1 / 1 / 1, 24 / 7. gadikammodayAbhAvA siddhagadI agadI / athavA""asaMkrAntiH siddhagatiH / dhavalA, 7 / 2 / 1, 2 / 10

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146 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra indriya mArgaNA : indra kI taraha apane-apane viSayoM meM sparzanAdi indriyA~ svatantra haiM / inakI apekSA jIvoM kA vivecana Age kareMge / kAya mArgaNA : kAya kA artha zarIra haiM / kintu yahA~ para kAya se tAtparya zarIra meM vartamAna AtmA kI paryAya se hai / ataH sa sthAvara rUpa jIva kI paryAya ko kAya kahate haiM / 'kAya' kA kAraNa jAti nAmakarma aura trasa sthAvara nAmakarma kA udaya hai / 3 kAya mArgaNA ke bheda : SaTkhaMDAgama meM kAya mArgaNA ke sAta bheda batalAye gaye haiM / pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu, vanaspati trasa aura akAya / pRthvI Adi jIvoM kA vivecana Age kareMge / " akAya mArgaNA : gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM akAya mArgagA kA svarUpa batalAte hue nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne kahA hai ki jisa prakAra agni meM DAlane se sone kI kiTTakAlimA naSTa ho jAtI hai aura sone kA zuddha svarUpa camakane lagatA hai, usI prakAra dhyAna ke yoga se zuddha aura kAyabandhana se rahita (mukta) jIva akAyika kahalAtA hai / " inakA koI guNasthAna nahIM hotA hai / mArgaNA se vanaspatikAya mArgaNA aura trasa mArgaNA ke jIva caudaha kAya mArgaNA meM guNasthAna : pRthvI kAya ke jIva mithyA dRSTi nAmaka prathama guNasthAna meM guNasthAnoM meM hote haiM / yoga mArgaNA : jisake kAraNa karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, use yoga kahate haiM / " yaha yoga kA vyutpattimUlaka artha hai / pUjyapAdAcArya ne mana, vacana aura kAya ke kAraNa hone vAle AtmapradezoM ke kahA hai / umAsvAmI ke tattvArthasUtra meM mana, vacana halana calana ko yoga aura kAya kI apekSA yoga tIna prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai / 9 AcArya nemicandra ne jIvakANDa 1. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 164 | 2. kAyaH zarIram / - sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 13 / 3. ( ka ) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 181, jIvatattvapradIpikA 4. SaTkhaNDAgama, 111 / 1 / 39-42 / 5. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 203 // 6. SaTkhaNDAgama 1 / 1 / 1 / 43-46 / 7. yojanaM yogaH sambandha iti yAvat / - tattvArthavArtika 7 / 13 / 4 / 8. yoga vAGmanasakAyavargaNAnimitta 2 / 26 / 9. tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 1 / AtmapradezaparispandaH / - sarvArthasiddhi,

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 147 meM yoga ke pandraha bheda batalAye haiM :- 1. satya manoyoga, 2. asatya manoyoga, 3. ubhaya manoyoga, 4. anubhaya manoyoga, 5. satya vacana yoga, 6. asatya vacana yoga, 7. ubhaya vacana yoga, 8. anubhaya vacana yoga,2 9. audArika kAya yoga, 10. audArika mizra kAya yoga,3 11. vaikriyika kAya yoga, 12. vaikriyika mizra kAya yoga,4 13. AhAraka kAya yoga,5 14. AhAraka mizra kAya yoga, 15. kArmaNa kAya yoga / aSTa karma samUha ko kArmaNa kAya kahate haiM aura isase hone vAlA yoga kArmaNa yoga kahalAtA hai| yaha yoga eka, do yA tIna samaya taka hotA hai / zubha-azubha yoga se rahita jIva ayogI jina kahalAte haiM / veda mArgaNA : AtmA meM pAye jAne vAle strItva, puruSatva aura napuMsakatva bhAva veda kahalAte haiM / veda kA kAraNa vedakarma aura AMgopAMga nAmakarma kA udaya honA hai| veda do prakAra kA hotA hai-dravya veda aura bhAva veda / ' zarIra meM AMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se yoni, mehana (puruSa liGga) Adi kI racanAvizeSa dravya veda 1. sabbhAvamaNo sacco, jo jogo teNa saccamaNajogo / tavvivarIo moso, jANubhayaM saccamosotti // Na ya saccamosajutto, jo du maNo so asaccamosamaNo / jo jogo teNa have, asaccamoso du maNajogo / / -gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 218-19 / 2. dasavihasacce vayaNe, jo jogo so du sccvcijogo| tavivarIo moso, jANubhayaM saccamosotti // jo Neva saccamoso, so jANa asaccamosavacijogo / amaNANaM jA bhAsA saNNINAmaMtaNI AdI / / -vahI, 220-21 3. orAliya uttatthaM vijANa missaM tu aparipuNNaM taM / jo teNa saMpajogo orAliyamissa jogo so|| -vahI, 231 / 4. vaikriyika zarIra jaba taka pUrNa nahIM hotA taba taka vaha vaikriyika mizra hai aura __isake dvArA hone vAlA yoga vaikriyika mizra kAyayoga hai / 5. vahI, 235-40 / 6. vahI, 243 / 7. vahI, 271-272 / 8. sarvArthasiddhi, 2152 /

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148 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra aura nokaSAya ke udaya se hone vAlA AtmapariNAma bhAvaveda hai / " veda mArgaNA kI apekSA jIva strIvedI, puruSavedI, napuMsakavedI aura apagatavedI hote haiM / jo strI Adi tIna prakAra ke veda rUpa pariNAma se rahita Atma-janya sukha ke bhoktA haiM, unheM paramAgama meM apagatavedI kahA gayA hai / 2 hiMsA karane kI upamA goMda kaSAya mArgaNA : AtmA ke bhItarI kaluSita pariNAma kaSAya haiM / kyoMki ye pariNAma samyaktvAdi cAritra kA ghAta karake AtmA ko kugati meM le jAte haiM / akalaMkadeva ne bhI AtmA ke svabhAva kI vAle krodhAdi kalutA ko kaSAya kahA hai / 4 pUjyapAda ne kaSAya se dI hai / kyoMki krodhAdi rUpa kaSAya ke kAraNa karma AtmA se cipakate haiM / " karmajanya hone ke kAraNa kaSAya AtmA kA guNa nahIM hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya bahudhA prasiddha haiM / inake atirikta Agama meM aneka prakAra kI kaSAyoM kA nirdeza milatA hai / dUsarI dRSTi se anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnI, pratyAkhyAnI evaM saMjvalana kaSAyoM kA bhI nirdeza viSayoM ke prati Asakti kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai / pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM batAyA hai ki inameM se pahalI kaSAya samyaktva aura cAritra kA ghAta karatI hai, dUsarI deza cAritra kA tIsarI sakala cAritra kA cauthI yathAkhyAta cAritra kA ghAta karatI hai / 7 jaina AcAryoM ne ina cAroM ke krodhAdi cAra-cAra bheda karake kaSAyoM kI saMkhyA solaha kI hai / inake atirikta hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda, napuMsaka veda ko umAsvAmI, pUjyapAda Adi ne nokaSAya kahA hai / kyoMki nokaSAya kaSAya ke samAna vyakta nahIM hotI hai aura na AtmA ke svabhAva kA ghAta karatI hai / " kaSAya mArgaNA kI apekSA jIvoM ke bheda : isa mArgaNA kI apekSA jIva pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM-- krodha kaSAyI, mAna kaSAyI, mAyA kaSAyI, lobha 1. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 6 / 3, pR0 109 / 2. dhavalA 1 / 1 / 1 / 101 / 3. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 282 / 4. tattvArthavArtika 22, 6 / 42, 9 / 7-11 / 5. yathA-- krodhAdikhyAtmanaH karmazleSahetutvAt kaSAya iva kaSAya ityucyate / - sarvArthasiddhi, 6 / 4 / 6. Na kasAo jIvassa lakkhaNaM kammajaNidassa | dhavalA, 5 / 1 / 7 / 44 / 7. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 9 / 8. vahI, 819, tattvArthavArtika, pR0 574 |

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 149 kaSAyI aura kaSAya rahita jIva / ' kisI ko bAdhA dene, baMdha karane aura asaMyama ke AcaraNa meM nimittabhUta krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA jinameM abhAva hai aura bAhya aura Abhyantara mala jinameM nahIM haiM, una jIvoM ko AcArya nemicandra ne akaSAya AtmA kahA hai / 2 __ jJAna mArgaNA : jJAna AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| yaha vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai 'jo jAnatA hai vaha jJAna hai athavA jisake dvArA jAnA jAe vaha jJAna hai athavA jAnanA mAtra jJAna hai' / umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM jJAna ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiM : mati jJAna, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala jJAna / (1) matijJAna matijJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai / avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye matijJAna ke cAra mukhya bheda haiM / 6 / avagraha : SaTkhaNDAgama evaM nandisUtra meM avagraha ko avadhAna, sAna, AlambanA aura medhA bhI kahA gayA hai| viSaya aura viSayI kA sambandha hone ke bAda padArtha kA sAmAnya jJAna honA avagraha hai| avagraha se kevala yahI jJAta hotA hai ki 'yaha kucha hai'| avagraha do prakAra kA hotA hai--vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha / sarvArthasiddhi meM batAyA gayA hai ki avyakta grahaNa kA nAma vyaMjanAvagraha hai aura vyakta grahaNa kA nAma arthAvagraha hai / 11 isa antara ko pUjyapAda ne eka rUpaka dvArA samajhAyA hai| jisa prakAra miTTI ke naye sakore para pAnI kI do-tIna bUdeM 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, 11111111 / 2. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 289 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 1 / 1 / 4. tattvArthasUtra, 119 / 5. tadindriyAnindriya-nimittam / vahI, 1314 / 6. vahI, 1 / 15 / 7. (ka) SaTkhaNDAgama, 13 / 5 / 5 / 37 / (kha) nandisUtra, 51 / 8. gommaTasAra ( jovakANDa ), 308 / 9. sarvArthasiddhi, 1115 / 10. dhavalA, 111 / 1 / 115 / 11. sarvArthasiddhi, 1118 /

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150 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra DAlane para vaha gIlA nahIM hotA hai, kintu bAra-bAra sIMcane para anta meM avazya hI gIlA ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra sparzana, rasana, prANa aura zrotra indriyoM ke viSaya kA sparza hokara bhI vaha do tIna samayoM taka vyakta nahIM hotA hai, lekina punaH punaH viSaya kA sparza hote rahane se viSaya kA jJAna vyakta ho jAtA hai / " ataH arthAvagraha ke pahale hone vAlA avyaktajJAna vyaMjanAvagraha aura vyaMjanAvagraha ke bAda hone vAlA vyaktajJAna arthAvagraha hai / vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha meM dUsarA antara yaha hai ki vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu aura mana ke atirikta zeSa cAra indriyoM se hotA hai aura arthAvagraha pAMcoM indriyoM aura mana se hotA hai / gommaTasAra, tatantus aura usakI TIkAoM tathA dhavalA Adi meM isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / hA : IhA ko Uha, tarka, parIkSA, vicAraNA, apoha, mArgaNA, gaveSaNA evaM mImAMsA bhI kahate haiM / avagraha dvArA jAne gaye padArtha meM vizeSa jAnane kI icchA ko pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ne IhA kahA hai / " udAharaNArtha avagraha se jJAna huA 'yaha puruSa haiM, isake bAda yaha uttarI hai yA dakSiNI, isa prakAra kI zaMkA hone para usakI veza-bhUSA tathA bhASA ke dvArA yaha dakSiNI honA cAhie, aisA cintana IhA jJAna kahalAtA hai / IhA jJAna saMzaya nahIM hai kyoMki saMzaya kI taraha hA ubhaya koTi sparzI nahIM hai / IhA kA eka koTi kI ora jhukAva hotA hai / bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| avAya : yaha matijJAna kA tIsarA bheda hai / SaTkhaNDAgama meM avAya ko vyavasAya, buddhi, vijJapti, amuNDA, pratyAmuNDA bhI kahA hai / nandisUtra meM avAya ko AvartanatA, pratyAvartanatA aura vijJAna kahA gayA hai / ' tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAmI ne apagama, apanoda, apavyAdha, apeta, apagata, apaviddha aura apanuta 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 1 / 18 / 2. (ka) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 306, 307 / (kha) dhavalA, 9 / 4 / 1 / 45 / 3. na cakSuranindriyAbhyAm, tattvArthasUtra, 1119 / 4. ( ka ) SaTkhaNDAgama, 13 / 5 / 5 / 38 / (kha) nandisUtra, sUtra 52 / (ga) tarkabhASA, 1 / 15 / 5. ( ka ) sarvArthasiddhi, 115, / (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 308 / 6. tattvArthavArtika, 1115 | dhavalA, 13 / 5 / 5 / 23-24 / 7. SaTkhaNDAgama, 13 / 5 / 5 / 39 / 8. nandisUtra, 53 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 151 avAya ke paryAyavAcI nAma batalAye haiN|' IhA dvArA gRhIta artha kA bhASAdi ke dvArA nirNaya karanA avAya jJAna kahalAtA hai| jaise 'yaha puruSa dakSiNI hI honA cAhie' aisA IhA jJAna hone para 'yaha dakSiNI hai' yaha nizcayAtmaka jJAna avAya hai| dhAraNA : SaTkhaNDAgama meM dhAraNA ke lie dharaNI, sthApanA, koSThA aura pratiSThA zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / nandisUtra meM uparyukta zabdoM ke alAvA dhAraNA zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| umAsvAmI ne dhAraNA ko pratipatti, avadhAraNA, avasthAna, nizcaya, avagama, avabodha kahA hai| pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM dhAraNA kA svarUpa batAyA hai ki avAya dvArA jAnI gayI vastu ko kAlAntara meM kabhI nahIM bhUlanA dhAraNA hai / dhAraNA kAraNa aura smRti kArya hai / tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM matijJAna ke 336 bhedoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / (2) zrutajJAna __ matijJAna ke bAda hone vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai / zrutajJAna ke lie zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama honA Avazyaka hai| aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ye zrutajJAna ke do bheda haiN| inake bheda-prabhedoM kA vistRta vivecana tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM upalabdha hai| matijJAna aura zrutajJAna sabhI dravyoM aura unakI kucha paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM antara : matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM hI parokSa jJAna evaM sahabhAvI haiM / ina donoM kA viSaya bhI samAna hai / jahA~ matijJAna hai vahA~ zrutajJAna hai aura jahA~ zrutajJAna hai vahA~ matijJAna hai / ' bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne uparyukta kathana ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki donoM nArada (coTI) aura parvata kI taraha 1. tarkabhASA, 1115 / / 2. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 1115, tattvArthavArtika, 1115 / 13 / 3. SaTkhaNDAgama, 13 / 5 / 5 / 40 / 4. nandisUtra, 54 / 5. tarkabhASA, 1115 / / 6. sarvArthasiddhi, 1115 / 7. vahI, 1 / 16 / 8. zrutaM matipUrva dvayanekadvAdazabhedam / -tattvArthasUtra, 1120 / 9. vahI, 1 / 26 / 10. tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 9 / 16 /

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152 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra sadaiva eka dUsare ke sAtha rahate haiM, ataH eka ke grahaNa karane se dUsare kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra ina donoM jJAnoM meM samAnatAe~ hote hue bhI donoM meM paryApta antara bhI hai| pUjyapAdAcArya ne donoM jJAnoM meM bheda spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki matijJAna zrutajJAna kA nimitta kAraNa hai / matijJAna hone para bhI zrutajJAna kA honA nizcita nahIM hotA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki matijJAna kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAna kArya hai kyoMki zrutajJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai| kintu matijJAna zrutapUrvaka nahIM hotA hai| tIsarA antara yaha hai ki matijJAna vartamAna kAlavartI padArthoM ko jAnatA hai aura zrutajJAna trikAlavartI padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| cauthI vizeSatA yaha hai ki matijJAna ke viSaya kI apekSA zrutajJAna kA viSaya mahAn hai|" matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM pA~cavA~ antara yaha hai ki zrutajJAna matijJAna kI apekSA vizuddha hotA hai / chaThavIM vizeSatA yaha hai ki indriya aura anindriya nimittaka matijJAna AtmA kI jJa-svabhAvatA ke kAraNa pAriNAmika hai kintu zrutajJAna pAriNAmika nahIM hai kyoMki zrutajJAna Apta ke upadeza se matipUrvaka hotA hai / (3) avadhijJAna : avadhi kA artha hai-sImA / ataH jo jJAna avadhi jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama hone para kevala pudgala dravya ko jAnatA hai, vaha avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / yaha jJAna pudgala kI kucha paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai / ' avadhijJAna do prakAra kA hai : bhava pratyaya aura guNa pratyaya / pratyaya kA artha hai-kAraNa / bhava kA artha janma hai / jisa avadhijJAna kA kAraNa janma hai, vaha bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / yaha jJAna deva aura nArakiyoM ke hI hotA hai / 10 jisa avadhijJAna ke hone meM 1. tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 30 / 4 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 1220 / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 9 / 21-26 / 4. tattvAnuzAsana bhASya, 1120 / 5. vahIM / 6. vhii| 7. vahI / 8. tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAmI, 1127 / 9. sarvArthasiddhi, 1127 kI TIkA / 10. bhavapratyayo'vadhidevanArakANAm / -tattvArthasUtra, 1121 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 153 samyaktvAdi guNa nimitta kAraNa hote haiM, vaha guNa pratyaya avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai / yaha jJAna manuSya aura tiryaJcoM ko hI hotA hai / " bheda - anugAmI, ananugAmI, vardhamAna, hIyamAna, svAmI ke guNa kI dRSTi se kiye gaye haiM / akalaMkadeva ne kSetra kI apekSA tIna bheda aura sarvAvidhi / guNapratyaya avadhijJAna ke chaha avasthita aura anavasthita AcArya puSpadanta, bhUtabalI tathA kiye haiM: - dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi 1. dezAvadhi : yaha manuSya aura tiryaJcoM ke hotA hai / yaha jJAna pratipAti hotA hai arthAt hokara naSTa ho sakatA hai / jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ye dezAvadhi ke tIna bheda haiM / isakA jaghanya kSetra utsedhAMgula kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga aura utkRSTa kSetra sampUrNa loka hai / " 2. paramAvadhi : carama zarorI saMyatoM ko hI yaha jJAna hotA hai / isakA jaghanya kSetra eka pradeza se adhika loka tathA utkRSTa kSetra asaMkhyAta loka pramANa hai / paramAvadhijJAna apratipAti hotA hai / 3. sarvAvadhi : paramAvadhi kI taraha sarvAvadhi carama zarIrI saMyatoM ke hotA hai aura apratipAti hotA hai / isakA kSetra gommaTasArAdi meM utkRSTa paramAvadhi ke bAhara asaMkhyAta loka kSetra pramANa hai / yaha sabase vyApaka avadhijJAna hai / (4) mana:paryayajJAna : mana:paryayajJAna kA artha hai - kisI ke mana kI bAta binA pUche pratyakSa jAnanA / mana:paryayajJAna kA svarUpa do prakAra se batalAyA gayA hai / kucha AcAryoM ne parakIya manogata padArtha ke jAnane ko mana:paryayajJAna kahA hai / pUjyapAda, bhaTTAkalaMka deva Adi AcAryoM ne yahI svarUpa mAnA hai / kahA bhI hai " dUsare ke mana meM sthita padArtha mana kahalAtA hai / usa mana ke sambandha se mana kI paryAyeM mana:paryaya kahalAtI haiM / mana ke sambandha se usa padArtha ko jAnanA mana:paryayajJAna kahalAtA hai / ' 50 dhavalA meM vIrasenAcArya ne padArtha ke cintanayukta mana yA jJAna ke jAnane ko 1. kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm / - tattvArthasUtra, 1 / 22 / 2. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 372 / 3. ( ka ) SaTkhaNDAgama 13 / 5 / 5 / 56 / gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 373 / tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 22 / 4 / 4. tattvArthavArtika 1 / 2214 meM akalaMkadeva ne vistRta vivecana kiyA hai, aura - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 374 437 taka bhI draSTavya - 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 119 / tattvArthavArtika, 1|9|4; gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), 438 | dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9 / 14 /

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154 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra mana:paryayajJAna kahA hai / ve kahate haiM- "jo dUsaroM ke manogata mUrtika dravyoM ko usake mana ke sAtha pratyakSa jAnatA hai, vaha mana:paryayajJAna kahalAtA hai / " athavA mana:paryaya yaha saMjJA rUr3hijanya hai / isalie cintita va acintita donoM prakAra ke artha meM vidyamAna jJAna ko viSaya karane vAlI yaha saMjJA hai, aisA grahaNa karanA cAhie / " mana:paryayajJAna kI yaha paribhASA pUjyapAdAcArya kI paribhASA se bhinna hai | AcArya nemicandra siddhAnta - cakravartI ne kahA hai ki mana:paryayajJAna dravyamana se, jisakA AkAra zAstroM meM aSTa paMkhur3I vAle kamala ke samAna batalAyA hai, utpanna hotA hai / SaTkhaMDAgama aura gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM kahA hai ki yaha jJAna samasta jIvoM ko nahIM hotA balki kevala manuSyoM ko hotA hai, devAdi zeSa tIna gati vAloM ko nahIM hotA hai / samasta manuSyoM ko na ho kara kevala karmabhUmija, garbhaja, paryAptaka, samyagdRSTi, saMyata arthAt pramatta guNasthAna se lekara kSINakaSAya paryanta ke vardhamAna caritra vAle tathA sAta RddhiyoM meM se kisI Rddhi prApta hone vAle kisI-kisI manuSya ke hotA hai / isa jJAna kA viSaya sarvAvadhijJAna se sUkSma hai / " gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA mana:paryayajJAna ke viSaya kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / 7 mana:paryayajJAna ke do bheda : umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM mana:paryayajJAna ke do bheda kiye haiM-- Rjumati aura vipulamati / sarala mana vacana aura kAya se vicAre gaye padArtha ko jAnane vAlA jJAna Rjumati mana:paryayajJAna kahA jAtA hai / vipulamatijJAna sarala tathA kuTila donoM prakAra se cintita padArtha ko jAnatA hai / " umAsvAmI ne ina donoM meM vizuddhi aura apratipAti kI apekSA antara kiyA hai / Rjumati kI apekSA vipulamati adhika vizuddha hotA hai / Rjumati - jJAna hokara chUTa jAtA hai lekina vipulamati jJAna eka bAra hone para kevalajJAna paryanta rahatA hai / " akalaMka deva ne tattvArthavArtika meM batAyA hai ki RjumatijJAna 1. dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1 / 94 / 2. vahI, 13 / 5 / 5 / 21 / 3. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) 442-44 / 4. ( ka ) SaTkhaNDAgama, 1 / 1 / 1 / 121, gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 445 / 5. tadanantabhAge manaHparyAyasya / - tattvArthasUtra, 1 28 / 6. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 450 - 458 / 7. tattvArthasUtra, 1 / 23 / 8. sarvArthasiddhi, 123 / 9. tattvArtha sUtra, 124 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 155 sirpha vartamAna meM cintita manogata padArtha ko jAnatA hai, kintu vipulamatijJAna trikAlasambandhI cintita padArtha ko jAnatA hai|' (5) kevalajJAna kevalajJAna kSAyikajJAna hai| isa kI puSTi umAsvAmI ke tattvArthasUtra ke dasaveM adhyAya ke pahale sUtra se hotI hai / dhavalA meM kevalajJAna ko asahAya jJAna kahA gayA hai kyoMki yaha indriya aura prakAza kI apekSA nahIM karatA hai / / yaha jJAna sakala pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / umAsvAmI ne kevalajJAna kA viSaya samasta dravya aura unakI samasta paryAyoM ko batAyA hai / jaina paramparA meM kevalajJAna kA artha sarvajJatA hai / kevalajJAna atIndriya jJAna bhI kahalAtA hai| uparyukta pA~ca jJAnoM meM se matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna mithyA bhI hote haiM, inheM kramazaH kumati, kuzruta aura vibhaMga jJAna kahate haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama meM jJAnamArgaNA kI apekSA ATha prakAra ke jIva batalAye gaye haiN| -1. mati-ajJAnI 2. zrutaajJAnI, 3. vibhaMga-jJAnI, 4. Abhinibodhika-jJAnI, 5. zrutajJAnI, 6. avadhijJAnI, 7. manaHparyayajJAnI aura 8. kevalajJAnI / jJAna mArgaNA ke saMkSipta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAnavAda kA jitanA sUkSma, spaSTa aura tArkika vivecana kiyA hai, utanA anya kisI sampradAya ke dArzanikoM ne nahIM kiyA hai| __ saMyama mArgaNA : vidhipUrvaka aticAra-rahita vratAdi kA pAlana karanA saMyama hai| AcArya nemicandra ne kahA bhI hai-'ahiMsAdi pAMca mahAvratoM aura IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAna-nikSepa aura utsarga ina pA~ca samitiyoM kA pAlana karanA, krodhAgni kaSAyoM kA nigraha, mana, vacana aura kAyayoga kA tyAga aura sparzanAdi indriyoM ko jItanA saMyama hai| 1. tattvArthavArtika, 1123 / 7 / 2. mohakSayAt jJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevalam / tattvArthasUtra, 10 / 1 / 3. dhavalA, 13 / 5 / 5 / 21 / 4. sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya |-tttvaarthsuutr, 1129 / 5. matizrutA'vadhayo viparyayazca / -vahI, 1 / 31 / 6. SaTkhaNDAgama, 111111115 / 7. samyak prakAreNa yamanaM saMyamaH |-gommttsaar (jIvakANDa), TIkA, gAthA 8. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 465 /

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156 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra saMyama-mArgaNA kI apekSA AtmA ke bheda : AcArya bhUtabalI evaM puSpadanta ne saMyama-mArgaNA kI apekSA se AtmA ke nimnAMkita bheda kiye haiM1. sAmAyika zuddhi saMyata AtmA : sampUrNa sAvadya kA tyAga karane vAlA jIva / 2. chedopasthApanA zuddhi saMyata AtmA : vratoM se cyuta hone para punaH AtmA ko vratoM meM sthApita karane vAlA jIva / 3. parihAra zuddhi saMyata AtmA : samasta prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga karane se aura samitiyoM evaM guptiyoM ke pAlana karane se utpanna vizuddhi vAlA jIva / 4. sUkSma samparAya zuddhi saMyata AtmA : mAtra sUkSma lobha-kaSAya se yukta dasaveM guNasthAnavI jIva / 5. yathAkhyAta zuddhi saMyata AtmA : mohanIya karma kA pUrNa rUpa se upazama yA kSaya hone se gyArahaveM se caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI jIva / / 6. saMyatAsaMyata AtmA : ahiMsAdi pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavata-digvrata, deza vrata aura anarthadaNDavrata tathA cAra zikSAvrata-dezAvakAzika, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa aura vaiyAvRtya kA pAlana karane vAlA jIva / 7. asaMyata AtmA : saMyama se rahita jIva asaMyata kahalAtA hai / 2 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) ke antargata saMyama-mArgaNA meM jIva-saMkhyA kA vivecana vivaraNa sahita kiyA gayA hai / darzana mArgaNA : vastu ke sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka svarUpa kA vikalpa kiye binA hone vAle vastu-bodha (saMvedana) ko gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM darzana kahA gayA hai| isameM padArthoM kI sva-para sattA kA AbhAsa hotA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama meM darzanamArgaNA kI apekSA se AtmA ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM-cakSudarzana-AtmA, acakSudarzana-AtmA, avadhidarzana-AtmA aura kevldrshn-aatmaa| gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM nemicandrAcArya ne kahA hai ki jo cakSu indriya se vastu ko sAmAnya rUpa se dekhatA hai, use cakSudarzanaAtmA kahate haiM / cakSu indriya ke atirikta zeSa indriyoM 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, 111 / 1 / 123 / 2. vistRta svarUpa ke lie draSTavya gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 470-79 / 3. vahI, 480-81 / 4. jaM sAmaNNaM gahaNaM bhAvANaM Neva kaTumAyAraM / ____ avise sidUNa aThe daMsaNamidi bhaNNaye samaye ||-vhii, 482 / 483 / 5. SaTkhaNDAgama, 1 / 1 / 1 / 131 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 157 aura mana se vastu ko sAmAnya rUpa se dekhane vAlA acakSudarzanI-AtmA hai| indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA paramANu se mahAn skaMdha taka samasta mUrta dravyoM ko pratyakSa dekhane vAlA avadhidarzanI-AtmA kahalAtA hai| samasta loka aura aloka kA sAmAnyataH avabodha karane vAlA kevaladarzanI-AtmA kahalAtA hai|' darzana mArgaNA meM guNasthAnoM kA svAmitva : SaTkhaNDAgama meM kahA hai ki cakSudarzanI jIva caturindriya se le kara kSINa kaSAya vItarAga chadmastha guNasthAna taka hote haiM / acakSudarzanI jIva ekendriya prabhRti kSINa kaSAya vItarAga chadmastha guNasthAna paryanta hote haiM / avadhidarzanI jIva asaMyata samyagdRSTi se kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha guNasthAna paryanta hote haiN| kevaladarzanI jIva sayogi kevalI, ayogi kevalI aura siddha ina tIna sthAnoM meM hote haiM / 2 darzana-mArgaNA kI jIva saMkhyA ke pramANa kA vivecana gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) Adi meM kiyA gayA hai / lezyA mArgaNA : AtmA aura karma kA sambandha jisake kAraNa hotA hai, vaha zubha-azubha mAnasika pariNAma lezyA kahalAtA hai| gommaTasAra (jIkANDa) meM AcArya nemicandra ne kahA hai ki jisake dvArA AtmA apane ko puNya-pApa se lipta karatA hai, use lezyA kahate haiN|" AcArya pUjyapAda ne lezyA ke do bheda kiye hai-dravyalezyA aura bhAvalezyA / 6 / / dravyalezyA : zarIra kI prabhA ko paramAgama meM dravyalezyA kahA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa varNa nAmakarma kA udaya honA hai| isake chaha bheda hote haiM, jinakA nirdeza Agama meM kRSNAdi chaha raMgoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| kRSNalezyA bhauMre ke raMga ke samAna, nIlalezyA nIlamaNi ke raMga ke samAna, kApotalezyA kabUtara ke raMga ke samAna, pItalezyA suvarNa ke samAna, padmalezyA kamala varNa ke samAna aura zuklalezyA kAMsa ke phUla ke samAna zveta varNa vAlI hotI hai| yaha dravyalezyA Ayuparyanta taka ekasI rahatI hai / 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 484-86 / 2. SaTkhaNDAgama, 11111132-35 / 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 487-88 / 4. jovakammANaM saMsilesayaNayarI, micchattAsaMjamakasAyajogA tti bhaNidaM hodi / dhavalA, 8 / 3 / 276 / 5. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 489 / 6. sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 6 / 7. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 494-95 /

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158 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra __bhAvalezyA : kaSAya se anuraMjita mana, vacana aura kAya ko pravRtti ko pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ne bhAvalezyA kahA hai| kevala kaSAya yA yoga mAtra lezyA nahIM hai, apitu ina donoM ke jor3a kA nAma lezyA hai / 2 bhAvalezyA ke bhI chaha bheda Agama meM kahe gaye haiM-kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta, padma aura zakla / Adi kI tIna lezyAe~ azubha aura anta kI tIna lezyAe~ zubha hotI haiM / bhAvalezyA AtmA ke pariNAmoM ke anusAra badalatI rahatI hai| lezyA-mArgaNA kI apekSA AtmA ke bheda : __ SaTkhaMDAgama meM kahA hai ki lezyA-mArgaNA ke anusAra jIva kRSNa-lezyA, nIla-lezyA, kApota-lezyA, pIta-lezyA, padma-lezyA aura zukla-lezyA tathA alezyA vAle hote haiN| tiloyapaNNatti aura gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM ina lezyAoM kA vistRta svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai / kRSNa-lezyA vAle jIva krodhI, nAstika, duSTa, viSayoM meM lipta, mAnI, mAyAvI, bhIru aura AlasI hote haiN| nIla lezyA vAle jIva nidrAla, Thaga, parigrahI, viveka-buddhi vihIna, kAyara, tRSNA yukta, capala tathA atilobhI hote haiM / kApota lezyA vAle jIva mAtsarya, paizunya, zoka evaM bhaya se yukta, Atma-prazaMsaka tathA prazaMsaka ko dhana dene vAle hote haiN| pIta lezyA vAle jIva dRr3ha-nizcayo, mitra, dayAlu, satyavAdI, dAnazIla, vivekavAna, mRdu-svabhAvI tathA jJAnI hote haiN| padma lezyA vAle jIva tyAgI, bhadra, kSamA-bhAva vAle, sAttvika, dAnI evaM sAdhujanoM ke guNoM ke pujArI hote haiN| zukla lezyA vAle jIva nirvairI, vItarAgI, niSpakSI, samadRSTi, pApa kAryoM se udAsIna evaM zreyomArga meM ruci rakhane vAle hote haiN| kRSNAdi chahoM lezyAoM se rahita, saMsAra se vinirgata, anantasukhI, siddhapurI ko prApta ayogakevalI aura siddhajIva alezyI hote haiN| paramAgama meM lezyA kA vivecana, nirdeza, varNa, pariNAma, saMkrama, karma, lakSaNa, gati, svAmI, sAdhana, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva aura alpa-bahutva dvArA kiyA gayA hai| 1. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 216 / gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 536 / 2. dhavalA, 11 / 1 / 4 / gAmmaTasAra (jIvakANDa) jIvatatvapradIpikA, 704, pR0 1141 / 3. SaTakhaMDAgama, 1 / 1 / 11136 / 4. (ka) tiloyapaNNatti, 2 / 295-301 / (kha) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 509-517 / (ga) tattvArthavArtika, 4 / 22 / 5. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 556 / 6. vahI, 491-92 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 159 bhavya mArgaNA : bhavya-mArgaNA ke anusAra AtmA ke do bheda haiM-bhavya aura abhavya / ' mukta hone kI yogyatA rakhane vAle jIva bhavya aura aisI yogyatA se rahita jIva abhavya kahalAte haiM / inake atirikta atIta bhavya bhI hote haiM / nemicandrAcArya ne kahA hai ki jo na bhavya haiM aura na abhavya haiM aura jo mukta ho gaye haiM tathA jinhoMne jJAnAdi ananta catuSTa ya ko prApta kara liyA hai, unheM atIta bhavya kahate haiM / 3 samyaktva mArgaNA : umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa-ina sAta tattvoM kA jaisA svarUpa hai, unakA usI prakAra se durabhiniveza rahita zraddhAna karane ko samyaktva kahA hai / kundakundAcArya ne bhUtArtha naya se jJAta jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ko samyaktva kahA hai| saMkSepa meM zuddhAtmA kI upAdeyatA hI samyaktva kA prayojana hai| akalaMkadeva ne samyaktva ko AtmA kA pariNAma kahA hai / kinhIM puruSoM ko svabhAva se aura kinhIM ko upadezAdi ke nimitta se samyaktva prApta hotA hai| samyaktva-mArgaNA ke bheda : SaTkhaMDAgama meM sAmAnya kI apekSA se eka bheda aura vizeSa kI apekSA se isake nimnAMkita bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai1. kSAyika-samyagdRSTi, 2. vedaka-samyagdRSTi, 3. upazama-samyagdRSTi, 4. sAsAdana-samyagdRSTi, 5. samyagmithyAdRSTi aura 6. mithyAdRSTi / kSAyika-samyagdRSTi : darzana mohanIya karma ke kSaya hone para prakaTa hone vAlA nirmala zraddhAna kSAyika samyaktva kahalAtA hai| yaha samyaktva kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA hai| kSAyika samyagdRSTi jIva sabhI sthitiyoM meM udAsIna rahatA hai| kSAyika samyagdRSTi jIva ke sambandha meM AcArya nemicandra ne kahA hai ki darzanAvaraNIya karma kA kSaya karma bhUmija manuSya hI karatA hai, lekina usakI samApti kisI bhI gati meM ho sakatI hai| SaTkhaMDAgama meM guNasthAna kI apekSA 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, 11111141 / 2. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 557-58 / 3. vahI, gA0 559 / vistRta vivecana isI adhyAya meM Age dekheM / 4. tattvArthasutra : 112 aura bhI dekheM 114 / 5. SaTkhaNDAgama, 1 / 1 / 1 / 144 / / 6. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), 546; dhavalA, 111 / 1 / 12; sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 4 / 7. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), jovatattvapradIpikA, gA0 550 /

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160 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra kSAyika samyaktva kA svAmI asaMyata se ayoga-kevalI guNasthAnavI jIvoM ko batalAyA hai| vedaka-samyaktva : vedaka-samyaktva kA svarUpa batalAte hue nemicandrAcArya ne kahA hai ki samyaktva mohanIya prakRti ke udaya se padArthoM kA cala2, malina aura agAr3ha rUpa zraddhAna honA vedaka-samyaktva hai / " samyaktva prakRti kA vedana karane vAle jIva ko vedaka samyagdRSTi kahate haiM / isakI buddhi sukhAnubaMdhI hotI hai| zuci karma meM rati utpanna ho jAtI hai| vedaka-samyaktva ke kAraNa dharma meM anurAga aura saMsAra se nirveda, zruta meM saMvega evaM tattvArthoM meM zraddhA utpanna ho jAtI hai| upazama-samyaktva : samyaktva, mithyAtva aura samyagmithyAtva tathA anantAnubaMdhI krodhAdi sAta prakRtiyoM ke upazama se jIva ke upazama-samyaktva hotA hai / jisa prakAra kIcar3a yukta pAnI meM phiTakarI DAlane se kIcar3a nIce baiTha jAtA hai aura Upara nirmala jala ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra darzana mohanIya ke upazAnta hone se padArthoM meM nirmala zraddhAna utpanna ho jAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM-prathamopazama samyaktva evaM dvitIyopazama smyktv| yaha samyaktva sAtaveM se gyArahaveM guNasthAnavI jIva ke hotA hai| sAsAdana-samyaktva : samyaktva se bhraSTa lekina mithyAtva ko aprApta jIva ko sAsAdana-samyaktva hotA hai| isameM samyagdarzana avyakta rahatA hai / sAsAdanasamyaktva dvitIya guNasthAna meM hotA hai / 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, 1 / 1 / 1 / 145 / 2. kisI vizeSa tIrthaGkara meM kisI vizeSa zakti kA honA mAnanA / 3. jisa samyagdarzana meM pUrNa nirmalatA na ho / 4. samyagdarzana ke hote hue bhI apane dvArA banavAye gaye mandira meM 'yaha merA mandira hai' dUsare ke banavAye mandira meM 'yaha dUsare kA mandira' isa prakAra kA bhrama rakhanA, tattvArtha-grahaNa meM zithila honaa| 5. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 25, 649; dhavalA, 1 / 11 / 12 / 6. paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta), 11163-64 / 7. sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 3, paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta), 11165-66 / 8. SaTkhaNDAgama, 111 / 1 / 147 / 9. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 654 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 161 samyagmithyAdRSTi : jIvAdi sattvoM meM zraddhA evaM azraddhA rakhanA samyagmithyAtva hai|' yaha caturtha gaNasthAna meM pAyA jAtA hai| mithyAdRSTi : mithyAtva darzanamohanIya karma ke udaya se Apta-praNIta padArthoM meM zraddhA na rakhanA mithyAdRSTi hai|2 mithyAdRSTi jIva prathama guNasthAnavartI hotA hai| __ AgamoM meM samyaktva-mArgaNA ke prasaGga meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA pramANa vistAra se kiyA gayA hai / saMjJI-mArgaNA : mana ko saMjJA kahate haiN| isakA kAraNa no-indriya AvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama honA hai| jina jIvoM meM mana ke sadbhAva ke kAraNa zikSA, upadeza grahaNa karane, vicAra, tarka tathA hitAhita kA nirNaya karane kI zakti vizeSa hotI hai, use saMjJI aura isa prakAra kI zakti se rahita jIvoM ko asaMjJI kahate haiM / 3 saMjJI jIvoM ke prathama guNasthAna se kSINa kaSAyaparyanta bAraha guNasthAna aura asaMjJI jIva ke prathama guNasthAna hI hotA hai / gati kI apekSA ekendriya se caturindriya jIva tathA kucha paMcendriya tiryaMca asaMjJI hI hote haiM aura zeSa paMcendriya tiryaJca, deva, manuSya aura nArakI saMjJI hote haiM / __ AhAra-mArgaNA : zarIra, mana aura vacana banane ke yogya no-karmavargaNA ke grahaNa karane ko AcArya nemicandra ne AhAra kahA hai| isake lie zarIra nAmakarma kA udaya honA anivArya hai| jo jIva isa prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa karate haiM, unheM AhAraka kahate haiM aura isake viparIta anAhAraka kahalAte haiN|" gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM vigrahagativartI jIva, sayoga aura ayogakevalI evaM samasta siddhoM ko anAhAraka tathA zeSa ko AhAraka jIva kahA hai| upayoga prarUpaNA : upayoga prarUpaNA kA antarbhAva jJAna aura darzana mArgaNA meM ho jAtA hai / isalie yahA~ usakA alaga se vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 655 / 2. vahI, gA0 656 / 3. vahI, gA0 660-662 / 4. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 12 / 30 / 5. Aharadi sarIrANaM tiNhaM eyadaravaggaNAo ya / bhAsAmaNANa NiyadaM tamhA AhArayo bhaNido / / gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 665, 664 / / 6. viggahagadimAvaNNA kevaliNo, samugghado ajogI ya / siddhA ya aNAhArA, sesA AhArayA jIvA ||-vhii, gA0 666 / 11

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162 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra uparyukta vivecana se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki gati Adi mArgaNAoM ke dvArA samasta jIva-rAzi kA parijJAna kara sakate haiM aura isa dizA meM jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha bhI apUrva upalabdhi kahI jAnI cAhie / (gha) AtmA ke bheda aura unakA vizleSaNa : jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke bheda aneka dRSTiyoM se kiye haiN| AtmA ke vargIkaraNa ko jitanI vibhinnatA jainadarzana meM dRSTigocara hotI hai, utanI anya kisI darzana meM nhiiN| AcArya kundakunda, amRtacandrasUri, zubhacandrAcArya Adi jaina vidvAnoM ne AtmA ke sAmAnya kI apekSA se eka bheda aura vistAra kI apekSA se dasa bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|' AtmA ke mUlataH do bheda : saMsArI aura mukta athavA azuddha aura zuddha : umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM AtmA ke mUlataH do bheda kiye haiM : saMsArI aura mukta / inheM kramazaH azuddha-zuddha, samala-vimala bhI kahate haiM / bhagavatI-sUtra' (vyAkhyAprajJapti) aura jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra meM saMsArI AtmA ko saMsArasamApannaka aura muktAtmA ko asaMsAra-samApannaka kahA hai / jo AtmAe~ karmasaMyukta haiM aura dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava parivartana se yukta hokara aneka yoniyoM aura gatiyoM meM saMsaraNa arthAt paribhramaNa karatI rahatI haiM, ve saMsArI AtmAe~ kahalAtI haiM / saMsArI AtmAe~ sazarIrI hotI haiN| ye AtmAe~ nitya navIna karma bAMdhakara vibhinna paryAyoM meM phala bhogatI haiM / nemicandrAcArya siddhAnta 1. (ka) eko ceva mahappA so duviyappo tti lakkhaNo hodi / cadu caMkamaNo bhaNido paMcaggaguNappadhANo ya / / chakkApakkamajutto uvautto sattabhaGgasabbhAvo / aTThAsao Navattho jIvo dasaTThANago bhaNido / / -paMcAstikAya, gA0 71-72 / (kha) tattvArthasAra, 21334-347 / (ga) jJAnArNava, 6 / 18 / 2. saMsAriNo muktAzca, -tattvArthasUtra, 2 / 10 / 3. adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa, 3 / 9 / 4. bhagavatIsUtra, 111124 / 5. jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 17 / 6. saMsaraNaM saMsAraH-eSAmasti te saMsAriNaH, -sarvArthasiddhi, 2010, pR0 116, 2 / 10 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 163 cakravartI ne kahA bhI hai ki jisa prakAra kAvaTikA ke dvArA bojhA DhoyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zarIrarUpI kAvaTikA ke dvArA saMsArI AtmA aneka kaSToM ko sahatI huI, karmarUpI bhAra ko vibhinna gatiyoM meM hotI huI bhramaNa karatI rahatI hai|' guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna aura jIva-samAsa saMsArI AtmA ke hI hote haiN| jo AtmA saMsAra ke AvAgamana se mukta ho gayI hai, use mukta AtmA kahate haiM / mukta AtmA ke samasta karmoM kA samUla vinAza ho jAne ke kAraNa zuddha-svAbhAvika svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| pAMcaveM adhyAya meM isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMsArI AtmA ke bheda-prabheda : ___ saMsArI AtmA kA vibhAga aneka dRSTikoNoM se kiyA gayA hai| jaina cintakoM ne caitanya guNa kI vyaktatA apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke do bheda kiye haiM(ka) trasa aura (kha) sthAvara / trasa AtmA : trasa AtmA meM caitanya vyakta hotA hai aura sthAvara AtmA meM avyakta / AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM batAyA hai ki jinake trasa nAmakarma kA udaya hotA hai, ve trasa AtmAe~ haiN| trasa AtmA ke nimnAMkita cAra bheda haiM -(ka) dvIndriya, (kha) trIndriya, (ga) caturindriya, (gha) paMcendriya / inakA vistRta vivecana isI prakaraNa meM Age kiyA gayA hai| jo gamana karatI haiM, ve trasa AtmAe~ hai-isa vyutpatti ke anusAra uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM agni aura vAyu ko bhI trasa mAnakara asa AtmA ke chaha bheda batalAye gaye haiN| sthAvara AtmA : jo sthira rahe arthAt jisa AtmA meM gamana karane kI zakti kA abhAva hotA hai, use sthAvara AtmA kahate haiM / isa vyutpattimUlaka artha ke anu1. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), gA0 202 / 2. nayacakra, gA0 109 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 10 / 4. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), gA0 203 / 5. saMsAriNastrasasthAvarAH, -tattvArthasUtra, 2012 / 6. sanAmakarmodayavazIkRtAstrasAH,-sarvArthasiddhi, 2012 / 7. dvIndriyAdayazca trasAH, tattvArthasUtra, 2014 / 8. uttarAdhyayanasatra, 36169-72 /

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164 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra sAra sthAvara AtmA ke tIna bheda haiM-pRthivI, jala aura vanaspati / ' jinake sthAvara nAmakarma kA udaya rahatA hai, ve sthAvara jIva kahalAte haiN| sthAvara kI isa paribhASA ke anusAra umAsvAmI ne sthAvara AtmA ke pAMca bheda kahe haiM 1. pRthvIkAyika 2. jalakAyika 3. agnikAyika 4. vAyukAyika 5. vanaspatikAyika ina pA~ca sthAvara AtmAoM ke bhI aneka bheda-prabheda hote haiN| zuddhi-azuddhi kI apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke bheda : zuddhi-azuddhi kI apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke nimnAMkita do bheda haiMbhavya-AtmA aura abhavya-AtmA / bhavyAtmA : jisa AtmA meM mukta hone kI zakti hotI hai, use bhavyAtmA kahate haiN| jisa prakAra sIjhane (pakane) yogya mUMga Adi kI dAla anukUla sAdhana milane para sIjha jAtI hai, usI prakAra samyagdarzana Adi nimitta sAmagrI ke milane para samasta karmoM kA samUla kSaya karake zuddha caitanya svarUpa ko prApta karane (siddha hone) kI zakti jina saMsArI AtmAoM meM hotI hai, unheM bhavyAtmA kahate haiN| jJAnArNava Adi granthoM meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai|" abhavyAtmA : abhavya-AtmA kabhI bhI nahIM sIjhane (pakane) vAlI mUMga kI dAla yA andhapASANa kI taraha hotA hai / abhavya-AtmA meM samyagdarzanAdi nimittoM ko prApta karane evaM mukta hone kI zakti nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra kA AtmA sadaiva saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / mana kI apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke bheda : umAsvAmI Adi AcAryoM ne mana kI apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke nimnAMkita do bheda kiye haiM- (ka) saMjJI AtmA aura (kha) asaMjJI aatmaa| 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 3670 / 2. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 12 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 12,3 / 5 / 3. tattvArthasUtra, 2013 / 4. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 556 / 5. jJAnArNava, 6 / 20, 6 / 22 / / 6. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 556-557 / 7. samanaskA'manaskAH , tattvArthasUtra, 2011 / -

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 165 jina AtmAoM ke mana hotA hai, unheM saMjJI AtmA aura jinake mana nahIM hotA hai, unheM asaMjJI AtmA kahate haiM / " saMjJI AtmA zikSA, kriyA, upadeza Adi kA grahaNa tathA kartavya - akartavya kA vicAra kara sakate haiM aura nirNaya kara sakate haiM / lekina asaMjI AtmA meM isa prakAra kI zakti nahIM hotI hai / nArakI, manuSya aura deva gati vAle jIva saMjJI hI hote haiM / isI prakAra ekendriya se caturindriyaparyanta tiyaMca gati vAle jIva asaMjJI hI hote haiM / lekina paMcendriya meM tiryaJcoM meM kucha saMjJI aura kucha asaMjJI hote haiM / indriyoM ko apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke bheda : AtmA kA liMga indriya hai / jaina darzana meM sparzanAdi pA~ca indriyA~ mAnI gayI haiM / ataH indriyoM kI apekSA se saMsArI AtmA ke pA~ca bheda haiM : ekendriya AtmA : jinake eka sparzana indriya hI hotI hai, use ekendriya jIva ( AtmA ) kahate haiM / ekendriya jIva pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM-- pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati / uparyukta pA~coM prakAra ke ekendriya jIva bAdara aura sUkSma kI apekSA se do-do prakAra ke hote haiM / bAdara nAmakarma ke udaya se bAdara (sthUla) zarIra jinake hotA hai, ve bAdarakAyika jIva kahalAte haiM / bAdarakAyika jIva dUsare mUrta padArthoM ko rokatA bhI hai aura unase svayaM rukatA bhI hai / " jina jIvoM ke sUkSma nAmakarma kA udaya hone para sUkSma zarIra hotA hai, ve sUkSmakAyika jIva kahalAte haiM / sUkSmakAyika jIva na kisI se rukate haiM aura na kisI ko rokate haiM, ve sampUrNa loka meM vyApta rahate haiM / 1. pRthvIkAyika jIva pRthvIkAyika ekendriya jIva ve kahalAte haiM, jo pRthvIkAya nAmaka nAmakarma ke udaya se pRthvIkAya meM utpanna hote haiM / ina jIvoM ke zarIra kA AkAra masUra ke samAna hotA hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra, prajJApanA, 1. samyak jAnAtIti saMjJaM manaH tadasyAstIti saMjJI / - dhavalA, 111 / 1 / 35 / 2. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 224 // (kha) zikSA kriyAkalApagrAhI saMjJI | tattvArtha vArtika, 9 / 7 / 11 / 3. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gA0 12 / 4. vanaspatyantAnAmekam, tattvArtha sUtra, 2 / 22 / 5. dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1 / 45 / 6. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 13, pR0 127 / 7. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), 201 /

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166 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra aura vIrasena kI dhavalA meM pRthvIkAyika jIva ke vistRta bheda batalAye gaye haiM / ' 2. jalakAyika ekendriya jIva : jalakAya sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se jalakAya vAle jIva jalakAyika ekendriya jIva kahalAte haiM / inakA AkAra jala kI bindu kI taraha hotA hai / osa, himaga, mahiga ( kuharA ) harida, aNu ( olA ), zuddha jala, ( zuddhodaka) aura ghanodaka kI apekSA jalakAyika jIva ATha prakAra ke batalAye gaye haiM / 2 3. agnikAyika ekendriya jIdha : agnikAya sthAvara nAma-karma ke udaya se jina jIvoM kI agnikAya meM utpatti hotI hai, ve agnikAyika ekendriya jIva kahalAte haiM / sUI kI noka kI taraha inakA zarIra hotA hai / 3 mUlAcAra meM 4 agnikAyika jIvoM ke nimnAMkita bheda batalAye haiM- aMgAra, jvAlA, aca, murmara, zuddha agni (vidyut evaM sUryakAnta maNi Adi se utpanna agni) aura sAmAnya agni / uttarAdhyayanasUtra evaM prajJApanA Adi meM bhI agnikAyika jIva ke upayukta bheda kiye gaye haiM / " 4. vAyukAyika ekendriya jIva vAyukAya sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se vAyukAyayukta jIva vAyukAyika ekendriya jIva kahalAte haiM / vAyukAyika jIva ke bheda mUlAcArAdi meM isa prakAra kahe gaye haiM- sAmAnya vAyu, udbhrAma ( ghUmatA huA Upara jAne vAlA), utkali, maNDili, guMjAvAta, mahAvAta, ghanavAta, tanuvAta | udaya se vanaspati 5. vanaspatikAyika jIva : vanaspati sthAvara nAmakarma ke kAyayukta jIva vanaspatikAyika ekendriya jIva kahalAte haiM / ke hote haiM - ( 1 ) pratyeka zarIrI aura (2) sAdhAraNa zarIrI / ' vIrasenAcArya ne ye jIva do prakAra 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 36 / 73-76 / prajJApanA, 118; mUlAcAra, 206 - 209 / dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1 / 42 / 2. (ka) mUlAcAra, 5 / 14 / (kha) jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1 / 16 / 3. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), gA0 201 | 4. mUlAcAra, 5 / 15 / 5. (ka) uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 36 / 110 111 / ( kha ) prajJApanA, 1 / 23 // 6. (ka) mUlAcAra, 5 / 16 / (kha) uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 36 / 119 - 120 / (ga) prajJApanA, 1 / 26 / (ca) dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1 / 42 / 7. gommaTasara ( jIvakANDa), gA0 185 / 8. SaTkhaNDAgama, 1 / 1 / 1 / 41 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 167 dhavalA meM batalAyA hai ki jina vanaspatikAyika jIvoM kA ( pratyeka kA ) pRthak-pRthak zarIra hotA hai, ve pratyeka zarIra vanaspatikAyika jIva kahalAte haiM / " kezava varNI ne bhI eka zarIra meM eka jIva ke rahane vAle ko pratyeka zarIrI vanaspati kahA 12 ye jIva bAdara hI hote haiM / gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) meM pratiSThita aura apratiSThita kI apekSA se pratyekavanaspatikAyika jIva ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM / 3 donoM meM pramukha aMtara yaha hai ki pratiSThita pratyekavanaspatikAyika jIva ke Azrita anya aneka sAdhAraNa jIva rahate haiM, lekina apratiSThita pratyeka vanaspatikAyika jIva ke Azrita anya nigodiyA jIva nahIM rahate haiM / skandha meM jitane zarIra hoMge, utane hI jIva hoNge| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM pratyekazarIrI vanaspati ke bAraha bheda kiye gaye haiM: vRkSa, guccha, gulma, latA, vallI, tRNa, latAvalaya, parvaga, kuhuNa, jalaja, auSadhi aura haritakAya / 5 sAdhAraNa zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se jina aneka jIvoM kA eka hI zarIra hotA hai, unheM sAdhAraNavanaspatikAyika jIva kahate haiM / ina jIvoM ke viSaya meM SaTkhaMDAgama meM kahA hai ki sAdhAraNa zarIrI jIvoM kA AhAra, zvAsocchvAsa, utpatti, zarIra kI niSpatti, anugraha, sAdhAraNa hI hote haiM / eka kI utpatti se sabakI utpatti aura eka ke maraNa se saba kA maraNa hotA hai / sAdhAraNa zarIrI vanaspatijIva nigodiyA jIva bhI kahalAte haiM / " nigodiyA jIva ananta haiM / skandha, aNDara ( skandhoM ke avayava), AvAsa (aNDara ke bhItara rahane vAlA bhAga), pulavikA ( bhItarI bhAga ) dvArA nigodiyA jIvoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / dvIndriya AtmA : dvIndriya AtmA ke sparzana aura rasana ye do indriyA~ hotI 1. dhavalA, 11911141 / 2. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) jIvatattvapradIpikA, 185 / 3. vahI, 185 / 4. pratiSThitaM sAdhAraNa zarIrairAzritaM pratyekazarIraM yeSAM te pratiSThita pratyekazarIrA:tairanAzritazarIrA apratiSThita pratyekazarIrAH syuH / - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) jIvatattvapradIpikA TIkA, gA0 186 | 5. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 36 / 95-96 / 6. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 11, dhavalA, 13 / 5 / 5 / 101 / 7. SaTkhaNDAgama, 14/5/6 / 122-25 / 8. kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, gA0 125 / 9. ghavalA, 14 / 5 / 6 / 93 //

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168 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra haiM / sparzana, rasana, kAyabala, vacanabala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa-ye chaha prANa hote haiM / ye sabhI AtmAe~ asaMjJI aura napuMsaka hote haiN| inakI jaghanya Ayu antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa Ayu bAraha varSa hotI hai| krodhAdi cAroM kaSAyeM evaM AhArAdi cAroM saMjJAe~ hotI haiN| dvIndriya AtmAe~ sammarchanaja hotI haiN| ye paryApta aura aparyApta ke bheda se do prakAra kI hotI hai / dvIndriya AtmAoM ke kucha nAma : jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, prajJApanAsUtra, mUlAcAra Adi meM kukSi kRmi, apAyuja, sIpa, zaMkha, gaNDolA, ariSTa, candanaka, kSullaka, kaur3I, zaMvuka, mAtRvAha, Neura, somaMgalama, vaMzImukha, sUtrimukha, gaujalaukA, dhulla, khulla Adi dvIndriya jIva haiM / ' trIndriya AtmA : trIndriya jAti nAmakarma ke udaya se jinake sparzana, rasana aura ghrANa ye tIna indriyA~ hotI haiM, unheM trIndriya AtmA kahate hai / AgamoM meM jUM, kuMbhI, khaTamala, kunthu, pipIlikA, cIMTA, indragopa, cIlara, dImaka, tRNAhAra, kASThAhAra, jhIMgura, pisuA, killI, lIkha, illI Adi trIndriya jIva hai / 2 caturindriya AtmA : jinake sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura cakSu ye cAra indriyA~ hotI haiM, unheM caturindriya jIva kahate haiN| ye paryApta aura aparyApta kI apekSA se do prakAra ke hote haiN| paMcAstikAyAdi meM makar3I, pataMgA, daMza, bhauMrA, bare, madhumakkhI, gomakkhI, macchara, TiDDo, tataiyA, kurkuTa Adi caturindriya jIva haiM / paMcendriya AtmA : paMcendriya AtmA ke sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ye pA~ca indriyAM hotI haiN|4 paMcendriya jAtinAmakarma ke udaya se hI ina indriyoM kI prApti hotI hai / paMcendriya jIva saMjJI aura asaMjJI donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| ye donoM prakAra ke paMcendriya jIva paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka hote haiN|" deva, manuSya, nArakI aura tiryaJca kI apekSA se paMcendriya AtmA ke cAra bheda haiN| 1. jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1 / 22 / pannagasutta, 1 / 20 / prajJApanA, 1144 / mUlAcAra, 5 / 28 / 2. vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya-mUlAcAra, 1128; jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1 / 29; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36 / 137-139; dhavalA, 11111133 / 3. (ka) pacAstikAya, gA0 116; prajJApanA, 1122; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36 // 46-149 / 4. paMca indriyANi yeSAM te paMcendriyAH-dhavalA, 1 / 11 / 33 / 5. SaTkhaNDAgama, 11 / 1 / 35 /

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 169 gati kI apekSA se AtmA ke bheda : gati nAmakarma ke udaya se mRtyu ke bAda eka bhava ko chor3akara dUsare bhava yA paryAya ko prApta karanA gati hai|' gatiyA~ cAra hotI haiM-deva, manuSya, tiryazca aura naraka / ina gatiyoM kI apekSA se AtmA ke cAra bheda hote haiM / (ka) deva AtmA : devagati ke nAmakarma ke kAraNa deva gati meM utpanna hone vAle AtmA ko deva kahate haiM / deva aNimAdi RddhiyoM se yukta tathA dedIpyamAna hote haiN| deva-AtmA ke bheda : jainAgamoM meM devoM ko cAra samUhoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai, jise nikAya kahate haiM / bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnikaye nikAyoM ke nAma haiM / 3 inakA vistRta vivecana tattvArthasUtra ke cauthe adhyAya aura usakI TIkAoM meM kiyA gayA hai / (kha) manuSya paMcendriya AtmA : manuSyagati nAmakarma ke udaya se manuSya paryAya meM utpanna hone vAlA AtmA manuSya kahalAtA hai|" (ga) tiryaJca AtmA : AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM tiryaJcagati nAmakarma ke udaya se tiryaJca paryAya meM utpanna hone vAle ko tiryaJca kahA hai| tiryazca ke nimnAMkita bheda haiM : 1. ekendriya sUkSma 2. ekendriya bAdara 3. dvIndriya 4. trIndriya 5. caturindriya 6. asaMjJI paMcendriya 7. saMjJI paMcendriya inake vistAra se caudaha bheda hote haiN| 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 146 / / 2. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 41; dhavalA, 111 / 1 / 24 pu0 1, khaM0 1 // 3. tattvArthasUtra, 4 / 1 / 4. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, caturtha adhyAya / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, caturtha adhyAya / 5. dhavalA, 111 / 1 / 24 / 6. sarvArthasiddhi, 3 / 39 / 7. niyamasAra, 1 / 17 / gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM tiryaJcoM ke 85 bhedoM kA ullekha hai|

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170 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ekendriya se caturindriya tiryaJcoM kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai / paMcendriya tiryazca kA saMkSipta vivecana nimnAMkita hai paMcendriya tiryaJca : nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne paMcendriya tiryaJca ke do bheda kiye haiM-karmabhUmija aura bhogabhUmija / ' karmabhUmija paMcendriya tiryazca ke AcArya vaTTakera ne tIna bheda batalAye haiM : 1. jalacara, 2. sthalacara aura 3. nabhacara / 2 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM jalacara ke matsya, kacchapa, grAha, magara aura zizumAra ye bheda kiye haiM / 3 sthalacara ke do bheda haiM-(ka) catuSpada aura (kha) parisarpa / ' catuSpada ke prajJApanA" Adi meM cAra prakAra batalAye gaye haiM 1. eka khura vAle : ghor3A Adi / 2. do khura vAle : UMTa, gAya, bakarI, bher3a Adi 3. gaMDI pada (gola paira vAle) : hAthI Adi 4. sanakha pada tiryaJca : siMha, vyAghra, billI Adi parisarpa do prakAra ke hote haiM-bhujaparisarpa aura uraparisarpa / nakula, saraha, chipakalI Adi bhujAoM se calane vAle bhujaparisarpa haiM aura chAtI ke bala calane vAle sarpa Adi uraparisarpa haiN| khecara kI uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM cAra jAtiyA~ batalAI gayI hai-carma pakSI, roma pakSI, samudra pakSI aura vitata pkssii| (gha) nArako AtmA : madhya loka kI taraha adholoka bho hai / tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAmI ne kahA hai ki ratnaprabhA (dhammA), zarkarA prabhA (vaMzA), bAlukA prabhA (meghA), paMka prabhA (aMjanA), dhUma prabhA (ariSTA), tama prabhA (maghavA), mahAtama prabhA ( mAdhavI ) ye sAta bhUmiyA~ eka ke bAda eka nIce-nIce haiN| inheM narakabhUmiyA~ kahate haiM / ina naraka-bhUmiyoM meM rahane vAle jIvoM ko nArakI kahate 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 79,91 / 2. mUlAcAra, 5 / 20 / 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36 / 173 / 4. vahI, 36 / 180 / 5. prajJApanA, 1126; jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1128 / 6. (ka) prajJApanA, 1127; jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, 1 / 29 / 7. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36 / 187-188 / 8. tattvArthasUtra, 3 / 1 / 9. narakeSu bhavA nArakAH, -tattvArthavArtika, 2150 / 3,

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 171 haiN| gommaTasAra kI jIvaprabodhinI TIkA meM kezavavarNI ne kahA hai ki prANiyoM ko duHkhita karane vAlA, svabhAva se cyuta karane vAlA naraka karma hai aura isa karma ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAle jIva nArakI kahalAte haiN|' nArakI jIvoM ko atyadhika duHkhoM ko sahanA par3atA hai / nArakI jIvoM ke bheda : kundakundAcArya ne bhUmiyoM kI apekSA se sAta prakAra ke nArakI batalAye haiM / 3 ye sAtoM prakAra ke nArakI paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka hote hai| jaina AcAryoM ne vistAra ko apekSA se nArakI jIvoM ke caudaha bheda kiye haiN|" adhyAtma kI apekSA se AtmA ke bheda : adhyAtma kI apekSA se jaina dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke nimnAMkita tIna bheda kiye hai-1. bahirAtmA, 2. antarAtmA aura 3. paramAtmA / - AcArya kundakunda', pUjyapAda, yogendu, zubhacandrAcArya , svAmI kArtikeya', amRtacandra, guNabhadra, amitagati, devasenadeg evaM brahmadeva Adi AcAryoM ne uparyukta tIna bheda kiye haiN| anya kisI bhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne uparyukta prakAra se spaSTa rUpa se AtmA ke bhedoM kA ullekha to nahIM kiyA hai, kintu isake avikasita rUpa upaniSadoM meM parilakSita hote haiN| udAharaNa ke lie kaThaupaniSad meM jJAnAtmA, mahadAtmA aura zAntAtmA ye tIna bheda AtmA ke kiye 1. narAn prANinaH, kAyati yAtayati, kadarthayati khalIkaroti bAdhata iti narakaM karma tasyApatyAni nArakA:-gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), gAthA, 147; dhavalA, 111 / 1 / 24 / 2. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 503 / 3. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 118 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 311-6 / * 5. mokSapAhur3a, gAthA 4 / 6. samAdhizataka, padya 4 / 7. paramAtmaprakAza, 1611-12, yogasAra, 6 / 8. jJAnArNava, 32 / 5 / 9. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 192 / 10. jJAnasAra, gAthA 29 / 11. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gAthA 14 /

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172 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra gaye haiM / " DAyasana ne chAndogyopaniSad ko AdhAra banAkara AtmA ke tIna avasthAoM - zarIrAtmA, jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA ullekha kiyA hai / jIvAtmA, zivAtmA, paramAtmA aura nirmalAtmA ye cAra bheda rAmadAsa ne kiyA hai / anta meM ve ina cAroM ko eka hI mAna lete haiM / 1. bahirAtmA : ajJAna ke kAraNa AtmA ke sacce svAbhAvika svarUpa ko bhUlakara AtmA se bhinna zarIra, indriya, mana, strI-puruSa aura dhanAdi meM mamatva buddhi rakhane vAle ko kundakundAcArya, yogendu evaM pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ne harAtmA kahA hai / 4 bahirAtmA ke bheda : dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA meM bahirAtmA ke tIna bheda kiye haiM" : - ( ka ) tIvra bahirAtmA : mithyAtva guNasthAnavartI AtmA / ( kha ) madhyama bahirAtmA : sAsAdana guNasthAnavartI AtmA / (ga) maMda bahirAtmA : mizra guNasthAnavartI AtmA / 2. antarAtmA : mithyAtva ke abhAva se aura samyaktva ke hone se jaba jIva AtmA aura zarIrAdi meM bheda ko samajhane lagatA hai aura bAhya padArthoM se mamatva buddhiko haTAkara AtmA ke sacce svarUpa kI ora unmukha ho jAtA hai, taba use antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai / kundakundAcArya ne mokSapAhur3a meM AtmasaMkalpa rUpa AtmA ko antarAtmA kahA hai / antarAtmA ke bheda : AtmaguNa ke vikAsa ke anusAra niyamasAra kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA meM antarAtmA ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM : ( ka ) jaghanya antarAtmA : avirata samyagdRSTi caturtha guNasthAnavartI AtmA / " 1. kaThopaniSad, adhyAya 1 / 3 / 13 / 2. paramAtmaprakAza kI aMgrejI prastAvanA ( A0 ne0 upAdhye ), pR0 31 aura hindI rUpAntara ( paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI ), pR0 101 | 3. vahI / 4. ( ka ) niyamasAra, gAthA 149-50 / (kha) yogasAra, gA0 7 / (ga) samAdhitaMtra : padya 7 / 5. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gA0 14 / 6. rayaNasAra, gAthA 141 ; samAdhitaMtra, padya 5; paramAtmaprakAza, dohA 14 / mokSapAhur3a, gAthA 5 / 7. 8. ( ka ) kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0 197 / (kha) niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti TIkA, gA0 149,

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Atma-svarUpa-vimarza : 173 (kha) madhyama antarAtmA : pAMcaveM guNasthAna se upazAnta moha guNasthAnavartI taka ke jIva madhyama antarAtmA kahalAte haiM / ' (ga) utkRSTa antarAtmA : AcArya pUjyapAda ne kSINa kaSAya nAmaka bArahaveM guNa sthAna meM avasthita AtmA ko utkRSTa antarAtmA kahA hai| 3. paramAtmA : kundakundAcArya, pUjyapAdAcArya aura svAmI kArtikeya ne samasta karmoM se rahita zuddhAtmA ko paramAtmA kahA hai| zubhacandrAcArya ne kahA bhI hai-karmoM ke lepa se rahita. zarIravihIna, rAgAdi vikAroM se rahita, niSpanna, kRtakRtya, avinAzI, sukhasvarUpa tathA nirvikalpa zuddha AtmA paramAtmA hai| paramAtmA ke bheda : svAmI kArtikeya ne paramAtmA ke do bheda kiye haiMarhanta aura siddha / inhoMne sakala paramAtmA aura vikala paramAtmA-ye anya do bheda bhI kiye haiN| bRhad nayacakra tathA niyamasAra kI tAtparyavatti meM do bheda kiye haiM-kAraNaparamAtmA aura kAryaparamAtmA / arhantaparamAtmA hI sakala paramAtmA aura kAraNaparamAtmA kahalAte haiM tathA siddha parameSThI ko vikala aura kArya paramAtmA kahate haiN| jaina darzana ke AtmA-paramAtmA ke ekatva kI upaniSadoM ke AtmA aura brahma ke tAdAtmya ke sAtha tulanA : jisa prakAra upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko brahma kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra jaina darzana meM bhI AtmA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai / 'ahaM brahmAsmi', 'tattvamasi' ina mahAvAkyoM kI bhA~ti jaina AdhyAtmika granthoM meM bhI AtmA ko paramAtmA pratipAdita karane vAle vAkya upalabdha hote haiM / udAharaNArtha samAdhizataka meM kahA hai-'jo paramAtmA hai, vahI maiM hU~ tathA jo maiM hU~, vahI paramAtmA hai| isalie maiM hI mere dvArA upAsanA kiyA jAne yogya hai, dUsarA koI upAsya mhiiN|" yogendu 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA 196; dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gA0 141 / 2. satyazAsanaparIkSA, kA0 / 3. (ka) mokSapAhur3a, gA0 5; samAdhitaMtra, 5; paramAtmaprakAza, do 30-42 / 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0 192 / 5. vahI, gA0 198 / 6. nayacakra, gA0 340 ; niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti, gA0 6 / 7. yaH paramAtmA sa evA'haM yo'haM sa paramastataH / ___ ahameva mayopAsyo nAnyaH kazciditi sthitiH ||-smaadhishtk, 31 /

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174 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ke yogasAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai-'jo paramappA so ji hau so paramappu / '' 'jo tailoyahaM jheu jiNu sme appA Niru vRtta / 2 arthAt-'tInoM lokoM ke ArAdhya jinendra bhagavAn ko hI nizcaya se AtmA kahA hai|' 'nizcaya naya kI apekSA se AtmA hI ahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, muni, ziva, zaMkara, viSNu, rudra, buddha, Izvara, brahma, ananta aura siddha hai| parama niSkala deva jo zarIra meM vAsa karatA hai, usameM aura AtmA meM koI bheda nahIM hai|'3 uparyukta kathana upaniSadoM kI bhA~ti hai| niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti meM bhI kahA hai 'karaNa paramAtmA hyAtmA' arthAt-karaNa paramAtmA hI AtmA hai| anya AdhyAtmika granthoM meM bhI AtmA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA ko paramAtmA kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki eka vastu kI do avasthAe~ haiN| kahA bhI hai-'jaina dharma ke anusAra AtmA aura paramAtmA eka hI hai, kyoMki ye eka hI vastu kI do avasthAe~ haiM aura isa taraha pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA hai|'6 niyamasAra meM kundakundAcArya ne bhI kahA hai ki samasta saMsArI jIva siddha svabhAva vAle hote haiN| jaina darzana meM AtmA ke bheda-prabheda bahuta hI sUkSma rUpa se kiye gaye haiM, jo atyadhika manovaijJAnika haiN| hama apane adhyayana ke AdhAra para kaha sakate haiM ki anya kisI bhAratIya dArzanika ne isa prakAra AtmA kA manovaijJAnika vivecana nahIM kiyA hai| AtmA ke isa prakAra ke bheda-vivecana karane kA jaina dArzanikoM kA pramukha uddezya Atma-svarUpa ko avagata karAkara mokSa-mArga kI ora unmukha karAnA hai| 1. yogasAra, do0 22 / 2. vahI, do0 37 / 3. vahI, do0 104-106 / 4. niyamasAra, tAtparyavRtti gA0 38 / 5. svameva bhagavAnAtmApi svprprkaashnsmrthH|-prvcnsaar, tattvapradIpikA, , gaa068| 6. paramAtmaprakAza kI prastAvanA, hindI anuvAda, pR0 103 / 7. 'savve siddhasahAvA suddhaNayA saMsidI jIvA // ' -niyamasAra (zuddhabhAvAdhikAra), gA0 49 /

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adhyAya 3 (1) AtmA aura karma - vipAka (ka) karma siddhAnta kA udbhava : karma siddhAnta bhAratIya cintakoM kI, vizeSa rUpa se jaina cintakoM kI vizvadarzana ko eka abhUtapUrva aura maulika dena hai / cArvAka darzana ke atirikta bhArata ke sabhI darzanoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA nyUnAdhika vivecana huA hai, kintu jainadarzana meM isa siddhAnta kA jaisA sUkSma, suvyavasthita, parimArjita, vaijJAnika tathA vizleSaNAtmaka - vizada vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, vaisA vaidika aura bauddha paramparA meM durlabha hai / jaina darzana meM isakI mahattA isI se siddha hotI hai ki isa viSaya para mahAbandha, kaSAyapAhur3a, karmazAstra, karmagrantha, gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) Adi aneka vizAlakAya granthoM kI svatantra rUpa se racanA kI gayI hai / yadyapi prAcIna kAla meM bhI aise cintaka hue haiM, jo karmavAda meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the / unakA cintana Aja bhI jaina AgamoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / karmavAda virodhI siddhAnta : gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) 2 aura zAstravArtA - samuccaya' Adi granthoM meM karmavAda kA vivecana evaM vizleSaNa karate hue kucha aise siddhAntoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo vizva - vaicitrya kI vyAkhyA karmavAda ke AdhAra para na karake anya vAdoM ke AdhAra para karate haiM / gommaTasAra meM kriyAvAdiyoM ke eka sau assI bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / AtmA, niyati aura svabhAva, yadRcchA, bhUtavAda, ullekha bhAratIya vAGgamaya meM upalabdha ekAMkI haiM, kyoMki ye siddhAnta prANiyoM ke isa sambandha meM kAla, Izvara, daivavAda aura puruSArthavAda kA hotA hai / uparyukta sabhI siddhAnta sukha-duHkha kI vyAkhyA ekAMkI rUpa se karate haiM / karmavAda ko samajhane ke lie uparyukta karma virodhI matoM kA vivecana Avazyaka hai / 1. gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), 877-893 / 2. zAstravArtAsamuccaya ( haribhadra ), dvitIya stavaka, 164-193 / AtmamImAMsA, pR0 86-94 / (kha) jaina dharma darzana, pR0 416-424 / 3. (ka) gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa), gAthA 876-877 aura 890-893 /

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176 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra kAlavAda : kAlavAda ke anusAra samasta prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha tathA anya samasta ghaTanAoM kA pramukha kAraNa kAla hai| gommaTasAra meM kahA hai ki "kAla sabako utpanna karatA hai, kAla sabakA vinAza karatA hai aura sote hue prANiyoM ko kAla hI jagAtA hai" / ' haribhadra ke zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM bhI kahA hai ki 'jIvoM kA garbha meM praviSTa honA, kisI avasthA ko prApta karanA, zubha-azubha anubhava honA Adi ghaTanAe~ kAla ke Azrita hotI haiM, usake binA koI ghaTanA nahIM ghaTa sakatI hai| kAla bhautika vastuoM ko pakAtA hai, kAla prajA kA saMhAra karatA hai, kAla sabake so jAne para jAgatA hai| ataH koI bhI usakI sImA kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA hai| anya sAmagrI ke hone ke bAvajUda anukUla kAla ke abhAva meM mUMga bhI nahIM paka sakatI hai| isI prakAra garbha-praveza Adi jitanI bhI ghaTanAe~ hotI haiM, ve kAla ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| ataH vizva kI samasta ghaTanAoM kA kartA kAla hI hai / atharvaveda meM kAla ko samasta ghaTanAoM kA sarvazaktimAna tathA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / isI prakAra kA ullekha mahAbhArata meM bhI milatA hai| svabhAvavAda : svabhAvavAdiyoM ne apane siddhAnta meM vahI tarka diye haiM, jo kAlavAdiyoM ne diye the| sAMsArika ghaTanAoM kA mUlabhUta kAraNa svabhAvavAda ke anusAra svabhAva hai| gommaTasAra meM kahA hai ki kAMTe Adi ko tIkSNa (nukIlA) kauna karatA hai ? tathA kauna mRga-pakSiyoM Adi meM vividhatA karatA hai ? ina sabakA ekamAtra kAraNa svabhAva hai, kAlAdi nhiiN| buddhacarita meM bhI yahI kahA gayA (kha) kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA, bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyam / saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmA'pyanIzaH sukhaduHkhahetoH / / --zvetAzvataropaniSad, 1 / 2 / 1. gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), gAthA 879 / 2. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 2 / 165 / 3. kiJca kAlAdate naiva mudgapaktirapIkSyate / sthAlyAdisaMnidhAne'pi tataH kAlAdasau mtaa|-shaastrvaartaasmuccy, 2 / 55 / 4. vahI, 21168 / 5. atharvaveda, kAlasUkta, 19 / 53-54, DA0 mohanalAla mehatA : jaina dharma aura ___ darzana : pR0 417 para uddhRta / 6. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 25,28,32 Adi / 7. ko karai kaMTayANaM tikkhattaM miyavihaMgamAdINaM / vivihattaM tu sahAo idi saMvapi ya sahAotti // -gommaTasAra (karmakANDa)

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 177 hai / ' zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM svabhAvavAdI apane siddhAnta ke pakSa meM kahate haiM ki prANI kA garbha meM praveza honA, vividha avasthAoM ko prApta karanA, zubhaazubha anubhavoM kA bhoga karanA svabhAva ke binA sambhava nahIM hai, isalie samasta ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa svabhAva hI hai| saMsAra ke samasta padArtha svabhAva se apaneapane svarUpa meM vidyamAna rahate haiM aura anta meM naSTa ho jAte haiM / 2 kAlAdi sAmagrI ke vidyamAna rahane para bhI svabhAva ke binA kucha bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| svabhAvarUpa vizeSa kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya kI vizeSa utpatti mAnane se avyavasthA ho jaaegii| ataH svabhAva hI samasta ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa hai / 3 niyativAda : niyativAda kA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, upAsakadazAMga, gommaTasAra" aura zAstravArtAsamuccaya tathA bauddha tripiTaka' meM huA hai| jo jisa samaya, jisake dvArA evaM jisa rUpa meM honA hotA hai, vaha usa samaya usI kAraNa se aura usI rUpa meM avazya hotA hai| ataH niyati ko samasta vastuoM evaM ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa mAnanA niyativAda hai / 10 dIghanikAya meM maMkhalI gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki prANiyoM ko apavitratA kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / ve binA kAraNa ke apavitra hote haiM / puruSArtha se 1. buddhacarita, 18 // 31 / 2. sarvebhAvAH svabhAvena svasvabhAve tathA tathA / vartante'tha nivartante kAmacAraparAGmukhAH ||-shaastrvaasimuccy, 2 / 58 / 3. (a) vahI, 23171-172, -(ba) bhagavadgItA, 5 / 14 / 4. sUtrakRtAMga, 2 / 116, 201 / 12 / 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 15 / 6. upAsakadazAMga, 6-7 / 7. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), 892 / 8. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 21173-176 / 9. dIghanikAya, sAmaMjaphalasutta / / 10. jattu jadA jeNa-jahA jassa ya NiyameNa hodi tattu tdaa| teNa tahA tassa have idi vAdo NiyadivAdo du / -gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), 882 / tulanArtha : yad yadaiva yato yAvat tat tadaiva tatastathA / niyataM jAyate nyAyAt ka etAM bAdhituM kSamaH // ... '-zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 2 / 174 / 12

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178 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra kucha bhI nahIM hotA hai / na bala hai, na vIrya hai, na zakti hai aura na parAkrama hI hai / sabhI satva, prANI aura jIva avaza, durbala tathA vIryavihIna haiM / niyati, jAti, vaiziSTya svabhAva ke kAraNa hI unameM parivartana hotA hai...|' isa prakAra niyativAda ke anusAra samasta vastue~ niyati rUpa vAlI haiM / ataH niyati ko hI unakA kAraNa mAnanA caahie| yadRcchAvAda : 'yadacchA' kA artha akasmAta tathA animitta hotA hai| ataH yadRcchAvAda ko akasmAt, animittavAda, akAraNavAda, ahetuvAda bhI kahate haiM / " yadRcchAvAda ke anusAra kisI kArya kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / nimitta ke binA hI kArya hotA hai / puruSavAda : puruSa vizeSa ko samasta ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa mAnanA puruSavAda kahalAtA hai| abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa meM kahA bhI hai "eka puruSa hI samasta loka kI sthiti, sarga aura pralaya kA kAraNa hai / pralaya meM bhI usakI atizaya jJAnazakti alupta rahatI hai / jisa prakAra makar3I apane jAla kA, candrakAnta maNi jala kA aura vaTabIja praroha kA kAraNa hai, usI prakAra vaha puruSa sampUrNa prANiyoM kA kAraNa hai / jo ho cukA hai, jo hai tathA jo hogA, usa saba kA kAraNa puruSa hI hai-isa prakAra kI mAnyatA puruSavAda kahalAtI hai / IzvaravAda : IzvaravAda ke anusAra Izvara hI samasta ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa hai| gommaTasAra meM IzvaravAda ke vivecana meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA anAtha hai, usakA sukha-duHkha tathA svarga-naraka gamana Adi saba Izvara ke adhIna hai / AtmavAda : saMsAra meM eka hI mahAn AtmA hai, vahI puruSa yA daiva hai / vaha sabameM vyApaka hai, sarvAGga rUpa se chipA hai, sacetana, nirguNa aura utkRSTa 1. dIghanikAya, sAmaMjaphalasutta / 2. niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yat / tato niyatijA hyate tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH // -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 2061 3. nyAyabhASya (vAtsyAyana), 3 / 2131 / 4. nyAyasUtra, 4 / 1 / 22 / 5. jaina dharma darzana, pR0 421 / 6. abhidhAnarAjendra koSa, bhAga 5, pR0 1038 / 7. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), 880 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 179 hai-aisA mAnanA AtmavAda kahalAtA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra AtmA hI saba kucha karatA hai| pauruSavAda : puruSArthavAda ke anusAra samasta kAryoM kI siddhi puruSArtha se hotI hai / Alasya karane se tathA nirudyamI hone se kisI phala kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai / 2 puruSArthavAda bhAgya yA daiva ko nahIM mAnatA hai / yaha siddhAnta icchAsvAtantrya meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| devavAda : daivavAda ko bhAgyavAda bhI kahate haiN| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra puruSArtha karanA vyartha hai / kisI kArya kI saphalatA-asaphalatA kA mUla AdhAra bhAgya hotA hai / gommaTasAra meM kahA gayA hai "maiM kevala bhAgya ko zreSTha mAnatA hU~, nirarthaka puruSArtha ko dhikkAra hai| zAla ke vRkSa ke samAna uttama karNa kA yuddha meM mArA jAnA yaha deva kA hI prabhAva hai| ataH samasta iSTa-aniSTa vastuoM kI upalabdhi bhAgya se hI hotI hai"| daivavAda meM icchAsvAtantrya kA koI sthAna nahIM hai / bhAgya ke anusAra hI phala kI prApti hotI hai| prANI apane puruSArtha se karma-phaloM kI prApti meM koI parivartana nahIM kara sakatA hai| devavAda aura niyativAda meM antara yaha hai ki daivavAda karma kI sattA meM vizvAsa karatA hai kintu niyativAda karma-astitva ko nahIM mAnatA hai| daivavAda kI parAdhInatA prANI ke karmoM ke kAraNa hai aura isake viparIta niyativAda kI parAdhInatA akAraNa arthAt svataH hai|5 yadyapi yaha karmaphala ko itanA niyata banA detA hai ki usameM parivartana kI koI sambhAvanA hI nahIM raha jAtI hai| jaina-dArzanikoM kA mantavya : jaina-dArzanika uparyukta ekAntika siddhAntoM se sahamata nahIM hai| unake anusAra yadyapi prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha kA pramukha kAraNa karma hai kintu isake sAtha hI kAlAdi bhI gauNa kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM haribhadra ne ina ekAnta matoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki tArkika janoM ko yaha mAnanA 1. ekko cevamahappA puriso devo ya savva vAvI ya / savvaMgaNigUDhovi ya saceyaNo NigguNo paramo / / gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), 881 / 2.3. AlasaDDho NirucchAho phalaM kiMci Na bhuMjade / thaNakkhIrAdipANaM vA pauruseNa viNANa hi ||-vhii, 890 / 4. vahI, 891 / 5. jaina dharma darzana, pR0 420 /

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' 180 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra cAhie ki kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura karma-samaSTi rUpa se ghaTanAoM ke kAraNa haiM (vyaSTi rUpa se nhiiN)|' haribhadra kI taraha siddhasena divAkara ne bhI kisI kArya kA niSpanna honA kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha kI samaSTi para nirbhara mAnA hai| inameM se kisI eka ko kAryasiddhi kA samagra kAraNa mAnanA mithyA dhAraNA hai / 2 na to mAtra puruSArtha se aura na mAtra bhAgya se artha kI saMsiddhi hotI hai kintu isake viparIta ina donoM ke samanvaya se hI artha prApti hotI hai| itanA jarUra hai ki kabhI daiva mukhya hotA hai aura kabhI puruSArtha / Izvara saMsAra kA niyantA aura niyAmaka hai, yaha bhI jaina dArzanikoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| jainamata ke anusAra jIvoM ke apane-apane karma hI phala pradAna kara unako sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karAte haiN| karma siddhAnta pratipAdaka sAhitya kA anuzIlana karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne karma siddhAnta kA pratipAdana jisa vaijJAnika paddhati se vistRta tathA suvyavasthita rUpa se kiyA hai vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta kitanA mahattvapUrNa hai aura lokapriya hai, yaha karma viSayaka granthoM se siddha ho jAtA hai| Agama yuga se Aja taka karma-siddhAnta sambandhI vipula sAhitya likhA gayA hai / SaDkhaMDAgama, mahAbandha, kaSAyapAhur3a, paMcasaMgraha, gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa), karmaprakRti Adi karma siddhAnta ke pramukha grantha haiN| karma kA artha aura usakI pAribhASika evaM dArzanika vyAkhyA karma kA artha : karma zabda kA artha vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vibhinna prakAra kA kiyA gayA hai|" 'yat kriyate tat karma'5 isa vyutpatti ke anusAra kisI kArya yA vyApAra kA 1. ataH kAlAdayaH sarve samudAyena kAraNam / garbhAdeH kAryajAtasya vijJeyA nyAyavAdibhiH // na caikaikata eveha kvacit kiJcidapIkSyate / tasmAt sarvasya kAryasya sAmagrI janikA matA // -zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 2 / 79-80 / 2. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, 3153 / 3. AptamImAMsA, 881 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 6 / 1 / 3 / 5. SaTkhaMDAgama, bhAga 6, pR0 18 /

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AtmA aura karma vipAka : 181 karanA karma kahalAtA hai / udAharaNArtha -- par3hanA, sonA Adi kriyAe~ karma haiM / bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne apane 'tattvArthavArtika' meM karma kA artha 'karmakAraka, puNya-pApa tathA kriyA' kiyA hai / vaidika kAla meM karma kA artha yajJAnuSThAna hai / vaidika yuga ke maharSiyoM ne jIvoM kI vicitratA kA kAraNa tattva, Rta evaM prajApati ko mAnA hai / brAhmaNa kAla meM bhI karma kA artha yajJAnuSThAna hI mAnA gayA hai / smArta vidvAnoM ne karma kA artha cAra varNoM aura cAra AzramoM ke kartavyoM kA pAlana karanA batalAyA hai / paurANikoM ke matAnusAra karma kA tAtparya vrata - niyamAdi dhArmika kriyAoM se hai / vaiyAkaraNoM ne karmakAraka ke artha meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 4 nyAya darzana meM karma kA artha calanAtmaka kriyA kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa, AkuMcana, prasAraNa aura gamana --- -karma ke pAMca bheda batalAye gaye haiM / ' yoga darzana meM karma kA artha saMskAra, vAsanA tathA apUrva kiyA gayA hai / bauddha darzana meM karma kA tAtparya vAsanA aura jaina darzana meM karma kA artha pariNamana evaM parispandAtmaka kriyA hai / jaina darzana meM vidhi, sraSTA, vidhAtA, daiva, purAkRta aura Izvara zabda bhI karma ke lie prayukta kiye jAte haiM / uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki vibhinna vicAradhArAoM meM karma ke artha ke viSaya meM vibhinnatA hai arthAt vibhinna matoM meM karma zabda ke vibhinna artha kiye gaye haiM / 7 vibhinna dArzanika paramparAoM meM karma : bhAratIya darzana ke anuzIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina darzana meM jisa artha meM 'karma' zabda vyavahRta huA hai, usake lie anya vibhinna bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne mAyA, avidyA, apUrva, vAsanA, Azaya, adRSTa, saMskAra, bhAgya, deva, daiva dharmAdharma Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanikoM ne karma ke 1. tattvArthavArtika, 6 / 1 / 3 / 2. bhAratIya darzana, pR0 12 / 3. vahI, pR0 9 / 4. jainadharmadarzana, pR0 442 / 5. karturIpsitatamaM karma, pANinimunipraNIta aSTAdhyAyI, 1 / 4 / 49 / 6. eka dravyamaguNaM saMyogavibhAgeSvanapekSaM kAraNamiti karmalakSaNam / -- sUtra, 1 / 1 / 17 / 7. AdipurANa ( mahApurANa), 4137 / - vaizeSika

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182 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra lie dharmAdharma, saMskAra aura adRSTa zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ' sAMkhya yogadarzana meM karma ke samAnAntara kleza, Azaya tathA vAsanA zabdoM kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / mImAMsA darzana meM karma ke sthAna para 'apUrva' zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hai / vedAnta darzana meM mAyA aura avidyA kA prayoga karma ke sthAna para kiyA gayA hai / bauddha darzana meM karma ke lie vAsanA aura avidyA zabdoM kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai / " nyAyabhASya meM vAtsyAyana ne kahA hai ki rAga, dveSa aura moha se prerita hokara jIva meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM / ina pravRttiyoM se dharma-adharma kI utpatti hotI hai, inhIM dharma-adharma ko saMskAra kahate haiM / 6 vaizeSika darzana meM AcArya prazastapAda ne caubIsa guNoM ke antargata mAne gaye adRSTa guNa ko saMskAra se pRthaka mAna kara do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai- dharma aura adharma / isa prakAra jisa dharma-adharma kA samAveza nyAya dArzanikoM ne saMskAra meM kiyA, unhIM dharma-adharma ko vaizeSika dArzanikoM ne adRSTa ke antargata rakhA | isa prakAra ina dArzanikoM ne pratipAdita kiyA ki rAgAdi doSoM se saMskAra, saMskAra se janma aura janma se rAga-dveSa aura moha Adi doSa aura ina doSoM se saMskAra utpanna hote haiM / isa prakAra jIvoM kI saMsAra paramparA bIjAMkura kI taraha anAdi hai / sAMkhya yoga darzana meM kahA gayA hai ki avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza ina pAMca klezoM se kliSTa vRtti kI utpatti hotI hai / isa kliSTa vRtti se dharma-adharma rUpI saMskAra kI utpatti hotI hai / yahI saMskAra Azaya, vAsanA, karma aura apUrva kahalAtA hai / mImAMsA darzana kA mata hai ki jIvoM dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA yajJa Adi 1. nyAyabhASya 1 / 1 / 2 / prazastapAdabhASya, hindI anuvAda sahita, pR0 47 / 2. yogadarzana bhASya 115 / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 15; zAstradIpikA, pR0 80; mImAMsAsUtra ( zAbara bhASya ), 2 / 1 / 5 / 4. zAMkara bhASya, 2 / 1 / 14 / 5. visuddhimagga, 17 / 110 / abhidharmakoSa, 1 / 9 / 6. nyAyabhASya, 1 / 1 / 2 / 7. yogadarzana bhASya, 115 / "

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 183 anuSThAna 'apUrva' nAmaka padArtha ko utpanna karatA hai| yahI 'apUrva yajJAdi anuSThAnoM kA phala detA hai / yahA~ spaSTa hai ki 'apUrva' vaha zakti hai jo veda dvArA prarUpita karma se utpanna hotI hai|' zaMkarAcArya ne zaMkara-bhASya meM vizva-vacitrya kA kAraNa anAdi, avidyA yA mAyA ko mAnA hai / 2 mAyAjanya Izvara karma ke anusAra jIvoM ko phala pradAna karatA hai / bauddha darzanAnusAra rAga, dveSa aura moha se karmoM kI utpatti hotI hai| visUddhimagga meM karma ko arUpI kahA gayA hai| rAgAdi se mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti hotI hai| mAnasika kriyAjanya saMskAra rUpa, karma, vAsanA aura vacana evaM kAyajanya saMskAra-karma avijJapti kahalAtA hai|5 sautrAntika karma kA samAveza arUpa mAnate haiM, ve avijJapti ko nahIM mAnate haiM / vijJAnavAdI bauddha dArzanika 'karma' ke lie vAsanA zabda kA prayoga karate haiM / zUnyavAdI anAdiavidyA zabda dvArA vAsanA kI vyAkhyA karate haiM / jaina darzana meM karma kA svarUpa : ___ bhAratIya darzana meM vibhinna dArzanikoM ne jise saMskAra, vAsanA, adRSTa, kleza aura avidyA kahA hai, jaina dArzanikoM ne usake lie karma kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa darzana meM karma kI vAstavika sattA mAnI gayI hai| jainAgamoM meM mAnya teIsa vargaNAoM meM eka kArmaNavargaNA ( arthAt-karma banane yogya pudgalaparamANu ) bhI hai| yahI pudgala-paramANu rAga-dveSa se AkRSTa hokara AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti kA ghAta karake usakI svatantratA ko roka dete haiM, isalie ye pudgala-paramANu karma kahalAte haiM / kahA bhI hai "jo jIva ko paratantra karate haiM athavA jIva jinake dvArA paratantra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha karma kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM 1. zAbara bhASya, 2 / 1 / 5 / 2. brahmasUtra, zAMkara bhASya, 2 / 1 / 14 / 3. vahI, 3 / 2 / 38-41 / 4. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 17 / 110 / 5. pramANavArtika alaMkAra, pR0 75 / 6. jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 424 / 7. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) / ( samAna guNayukta sUkSma aviccheda avibhAgI samUha ko vargaNA kahate haiM) / vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya-SaTkhaNDAgama, pu0 14, kha0 5, A0 6, sUtra 76-97 evaM 708-17 /

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184 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra meM jIva mithyAdarzanAdi pariNAmoM ke dvArA jinheM upArjita karatA hai, ve karma kahalAte haiM / " akalaMkadeva 'tattvArthavArtika' meM karma kI paribhASA dete hue likhate haiM- " nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se vIryAntarAya aura jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama kI apekSA rakhane vAle AtmA ke dvArA AtmapariNAma aura pudgala ke dvArA pudgala pariNAma evaM vyavahAra-naya kI dRSTi se AtmA ke dvArA pudgala - pariNAma aura pudgala ke dvArA AtmapariNAma karanA karma hai" / isI prakAra karma kI aura bhI aneka paribhASAe~ kI gayI haiM, jinakA bhAva uparyukta hI hai / jaina darzana ke siddhAntAnusAra yadyapi AtmA aura karma kA apanA-apanA svatantra svarUpa evaM astitva hai, tathApi AtmA aura karma kA paraspara meM sambandha hai / inakA yaha sambandha dhana aura dhanI jaisA tAtkAlika nahIM hai, balki sonA aura kikAlimA kI taraha anAdikAlIna hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki isa samasta saMsAra meM DibiyA meM bhare hue kAjala kI taraha sUkSma aura bAdara karma pudgala - paramANu se bhare hue haiM, aisA koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai jahA~ karma pudgala-paramANu na hoM / lekina ye samasta karma pudgala - paramANu karma nahIM kahalAte haiM / inakI vizeSatA yahI hai ki inameM "karma" banane kI yogyatA hai / anAdikAlIna karma-maloM se yukta jIva jaba rAgAdi kaSAyoM se saMtapta hokara koI mAnasika, vAcika yA kAyika kriyA karatA hai taba kArmaNavargaNA ke pudgala - paramANu AtmA kI ora usI prakAra AkRSTa hote haiM, jisa prakAra lohA cumbaka kI ora AkaSita hotA hai yA jisa prakAra agni se saMtapta lohe kA golA pAnI meM DAlane para cAroM ora se pAnI khIMcatA hai / uparyukta kriyAoM ke karane se AtmapradezoM meM usI prakAra vikSobha yA kampana hotA hai, jisa prakAra tUphAna ke kAraNa samudra ke pAnI meM caMcala taraMgeM utpanna hotI haiM / Agamika zabdAvalI meM isa prakAra Atma-pradezoM ke parispanda hone ko yoga kahate haiM / 'yoga' ke kAraNa hI karmayogya pudgala paramANuoM kA AtmA kI ora AnA Agama kI paribhASA meM 1. AptaparIkSA, 113 / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, pR0 71 / 2. tattvArthavArtika, 6 / 1 / 7 / 3. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa ), gA0 2 | 4. paJcAstikAya, gA0 64 / 5. tattvArthavArtika, 6 / 2 / 51 // 6. tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 1 / 2 / 26, 6 / 1 / paJcAdhyAyI, 2045,109-100 / sarvArthasiddhi,

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 185 'Asrava' kahalAtA hai / ' kahA bhI hai, "jisase karma Ate haiM, vaha Asrava kahalAtA hai / puNya-pApa rUpa karmoM ke Agamana dvArA Asrava kahalAtA hai| jaise; nAliyoM dvArA lAye gaye jala se tAlAba bhara jAtA hai, usI prakAra mithyA darzanAdi srotoM se AtmA meM karma Ate haiM" / 2 Asrava jIva ke zubha-azubha karmoM ke Ane kA dvAra hai| Asrava ke kAraNa paramANu Akara Atma-pradezoM meM dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha mila jAtA hai, taba ve kArmaNapudgala-paramANu karma kahalAte haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM jaba taka pudgala-paramANu rAga-dvoSa se yukta AtmA se sambandhita nahIM ho jAte haiM, taba taka ve kArmaNa pudgalaparamANu nahIM kahalAte haiM / dArzanika bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki paraspara eka kSetrAvagAhI ho kara AtmA aura pudgala paramANuoM kA ghaniSTha sambandha ko prApta honA hI karma hai / dhavalAkAra ne kahA bhI hai ki 'saMsAra meM rAgadveSa-rUpI uSNatA se saMyukta vaha AtmA-rUpa dIpaka yoga-rUpa battI ke dvArA kArmaNavargaNA-skandharUpa-tela grahaNa karake karma-rUpa kAjala meM pariNata hotA hai| karma aura AtmA ke isa prakAra ke sambandha ko jaina dArzanika zabdAvalI meM 'bandha' kahA gayA hai| kyoMki karma AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti kA ghAta karake isa prakAra paratantra kara dete haiM ki AtmA vibhAva rUpa se pariNamana karane lagatI hai|" bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne bhI kahA hai ki "iSTa deza ko gamana na kara sake, isa prakAra khUTI meM rassI Adi se bA~dha denA 'bandha' kahalAtA hai|" amRtacandrasUri ne 'paMcAstikAya' kI TIkA meM kahA hai-"nizcaya naya kI apekSA se amUrta jIva anAdi kAla se mUrta karma ke kAraNa rAgAdi pariNAmoM se snigdha hotA huA mUrta karmoM kA vizeSa rUpa se avagAhana karatA hai aura usa pariNAma ko pAkara mUrta karma bhI jIva kA viziSTa rUpa se avagAhana karate haiM / "7 bandha ke vizleSaNa meM batalAyA gayA hai ki rAga, dveSa aura moha ke kAraNa karma-rUpI raja Atma-pradezoM meM cipaka jAtI 1. tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 2 / 2. tattvArthavArtika, 114 / 9, 6 / 2 / 4-5 / sarvArthasiddhi, 6 / 2 / 3. paJcAstikAya, gAthA 65-66 / 4. tattvAnuzAsana, 6 / sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNoyogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH / -tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 2 / / 5. dhavalA, pu0 15, sU0 34 / tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 4 / 17, pR0 26 / bhagavatI .. ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA, gA0 38, pR0 134 / sarvArthasiddhi, 7 / 25 / 6. tattvArthavArtika, 7 / 25 / 1 / 7. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 134 /

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186 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hai / kahA bhI hai - saMsArI jIva ke rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiM aura rAgAdi pariNAmoM se navIna karmoM kA bandha hotA hai aura ina navIna karmoM ke kAraNa use narakAdi cAra gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai / ina gatiyoM meM jIva ke janma grahaNa karane para usase zarIra, zarIra se indriyA~ aura indriyoM se viSayoM kA grahaNa aura viSayoM ke grahaNa se rAga-dveSa pariNAma hote haiM dveSa se karmoM kA bandha hotA hai / isa prakAra rAga-dveSa hI kAraNa haiM, inase karmoM kA pravAha banA rahatA hai / 'mamakAra' aura 'ahaMkAra' hI rAga-dveSa haiM | AcArya rAmasena ne rAga-dveSa ko mithyAdarzanamohanIya karmarUpa rAjA kA senApati batalAyA hai, kyoMki inhIM se kaSAya aura no-kaSAya utpanna hotI haiM / aura punaH una rAga karmabandha ke pramukha kaSAya goMda yA pAnI kI taraha aura yoga- vAyu kI taraha hai / jisa prakAra vAyu dvArA lAI gayI dhUla gIlI yA goMda-yukta dIvAra para cipaka jAtI hai kintu sApha svaccha aura sUkhI dIvAra para nahIM cipakatI ( balki svataH jhar3a kara gira jAtI hai), usI prakAra yoga-rUpa vAyu ke dvArA lAI gayI karma-rUpa raja kaSAyarUpa goMda se yukta Atmapradeza - rUpa dIvAra para cipaka jAtI hai / yahA~ dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sabhI jIvoM meM na to karmoM kI mAtrA barAbara hotI hai aura na unakI sthiti aura phala dene kI zakti samAna hotI hai / jaina cintakoM ne isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki karma paramANuoM kA meM AnA, yoga- vAyu ke vega para AdhArita hai aura unakA kama yA adhika samaya taka banA rahanA tathA unake dvArA Atma- guNoM kA ghAta honA, kaSAya-rUpa goMda ke gAr3he-patalepana athavA usakI kama yA adhika mAtrA para nirbhara karatA hai / " kundakundAcArya ne bhI 'samayasAra' meM rAga-dveSa-rUpa kaSAya ko tela kI taraha cikanA mAnakara udAharaNa dvArA siddha kiyA hai ki rAgAdi-rUpa snigdhatA hI karma-rUpa raja ke Atma- pradezoM meM cipakane kA pramukha kAraNa hai / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva kama yA adhika mAtrA 1. pravacanasAra, 2 / 88 evaM 95 / samayasAra, gAthA 119, 167 / 2. paMcAstikAya, gA0 128-30 / bhagavatIsUtra, 9 / 3. tattvAnuzAsana, zloka 12-13 / 4. vahI, 17-19 / adhyAtmarahasya, 27 // 5. ( ka ) tIvramandajJAta'jJAtabhAvAdhikaraNavIryavizeSebhyastadvizeSaH / (kha) tattvArthavArtika : bhaTTAkalaMkadeva : 6 215 / 6. samayasAra, gA0 237-46 / -- tattvArtha sUtra, 6 / 6 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 187 ne isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki "jisa prakAra kisI bartana meM aneka prakAra ke rasa vAle aneka prakAra ke bIja, phala, phUla Adi madirA-rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra AtmA meM sthita pudgaloM ke yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa karma-rUpa pariNamana hotA hai / yahI 'baMdha kahalAtA hai'| karma AtmA ke svabhAva kA ghAta karate haiM : karma AtmA se baMdha kara AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti para AvaraNa DAla kara, jIva ko usI prakAra unmatta kara dete haiM, jisa prakAra jIva madya se madonmatta ho jAtA hai| kahA bhI hai-"jJAnadarzana-cAritra-svarUpa AtmA ko mithyAtva, ajJAna aura kaSAya-rUpa karma-mala usI prakAra se malina kara dete haiM, jisa prakAra maila sapheda vastra ko malina kara detA hai"|2 AtmA aura karma kA sambandha : AtmA aura karma donoM dravya vijAtIya haiM, phira bhI inakA paraspara ghaniSTha sambandha hai| koI bhI saMsArI AtmA karmarahita nahIM hotI / pahale bhI kahA jA cukA hai ki AtmA aura karma kA anAdikAla se sambandha hai| tattvArthasUtra ke "sakaSAya-" sUtra meM Aye hue 'karmaNoyogyAn' vizeSaNa se bhI AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdi siddha hotA hai / isa vizeSaNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki pUrvajanma ke karma ke kAraNa jIva kaSAyayukta hotA hai aura kaSAyoM ke kAraNa karma Ate haiN| kaSAya-rahita jIvoM ke bandha nahIM hotA hai / ataH siddha hai ki jova aura karma kA bIja aura vRkSa kI taraha anAdikAlIna kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai| karma se kaSAya aura kaSAya se karma, yaha paramparA bIja aura vRkSa kI taraha anAdi kAla se pravAhita ho rahI hai aura taba taka hotI rahegI, jaba taka saMsAra meM jIvoM kA astitva hai / 3 anya AcAryoM ne bhI pUjyapAda kI taraha karma aura jIva kA sambandha anAdi mAnA hai| purAne karma pratikSaNa phala de kara AtmA se alaga hote rahate haiM / AtmA ke rAgAdi pariNAmoM ke kAraNa navIna karma AtmA ke pradezoM se bandha karate rahate haiN| kahA bhI hai-"jisa prakAra bhaNDAra se purAne cAvala nikAla liye jAte haiM aura naye bhara diye jAte haiM, usI prakAra anAdi kArmaNa zarIra-bhaNDAra meM karmoM kA AnA-jAnA hotA rahatA hai|" paMcAdhyAyIkAra 1. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 2 / 9 / aura bhI dekheM-dhavalA, 13 / 5 / 5 sUtra 82, pR0 347 / 2. samayasAra, gA0 160-163 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 2 / , pR0 377 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 2 / 12 /

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188 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ne bhI AtmA aura karma ke sambandha ko anAdi siddha karate hue batalAyA hai ki agni kI svAbhAvika uSNatA kI taraha AtmA aura karma kA sambandha anAdi honA svataHsiddha hai| ataeva inakA sambandha kisane aura kaba kiyA, isa prakAra ke prazna hI nirarthaka haiN|' (kha) AtmA aura karma meM nimitta-naimittika sambandha hai: . jainadarzana meM abhimata chaha dravyoM meM koI bhI dravya kisI dravya kA kartA nahIM hai, sabhI dravya apane svAbhAvika rUpa se pariNata hote haiM / yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki yadi jIva-dravya pudgala-karma ko nahIM karatA hai, to karma kyoM AtmA ko phala detA hai aura AtmA kyoM usake phaloM kA upabhoga karatI hai ? isa samasyA kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki AtmA aura karma meM nimitta-naimittika sambandha hai| kahA bhI hai-'jIva ke pariNAma ke nimitta se pudgala karma-rUpa se pariNata hote haiM aura karma jIva-guNoM kA udbhAvaka nahIM hai, kintu donoM meM paraspara nimitta hone se pariNamana hotA hai / paMcAdhyAyIkAra ne bhI jIva aura karma meM nimitta-naimittika bhAva siddha karate hue kahA hai ki jIva ke azuddha rAgAdi bhAvoM ke kAraNa jJAnAvaraNAdi dravya karma haiM aura una dravya karmoM ke kAraNa rAgAdibhAva haiN| ataH kumbha aura kumbhakAra kI taraha jIva aura karma meM nimitta-naimittika sambandha siddha hotA hai / isa prakAra siddha hai ki AtmA aura karma meM anAdi rUpa se nimittanaimittika sambandha hai / ina donoM meM jo kamajora hotA hai, use balavAn apane anukUla kara letA hai| jIva aura karma meM nimitta-naimittika sambandha hone se itaretarAzraya nAmaka doSa bhI nahIM AtA hai; kyoMki paraspara meM eka-dasare para Azrita honA itaretarAzraya doSa kahalAtA hai / AtmA aura karma eka dUsare para Azrita nahIM haiM / AtmA ke sAtha karma anAdi kAla se sambaddha hai| ataH usI pUrvabaddha karma ke kAraNa navIna karma Ate haiN| 1. paJcAdhyAyI, 2053-54 / 2. samayasAra, gA0 103 / pravacanasAra, 2 / 92 / 3. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA, 312-313 / 4. samayasAra, gA0 80-814911119 / paJcAstikAya, gA0 61-65 / pravacanasAra, gAthA 2177 / mUlAcAra, gAthA 967 / 5. paM0 dha0 : paJcAdhyAyI, gA0 2 / 41 / 106 / 1096-71 / 6. pravacanasAra, tAtparyavRtti, gA0 29 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 189 karma ko mUla vizeSatAe~ : 1. karma sUkSma, balavAn, cikane, bhArI, vajra ke samAna kaThora, pracura evaM avinAzI hote haiN|' 2. karma AtmA ko paratantra karake tInoM lokoM meM bhramaNa karAtA hai / 2 3. karmazakti acintya, Atmazakti ko bAdhaka aura mokSahetu kA tirodhAna karane vAlI hotI hai / 4. karma apanI zakti se kevalajJAna svabhAva ko naSTakara dete haiM, lekina jIva ko naSTa nahIM kara sakate haiN|5 5. jIva aura karma kA saMyoga sphaTika aura tamAla-patra ke saMyoga kI taraha hai| ... 6. karmoM kI vicitratA se hI jIva ke pradezoM kA saMghaTana, viccheda, bandhana evaM vistAra-saMkoca hotA hai| 7. sukha-duHkha kI utpatti baliSTha karmoM ke kAraNa hI sambhava hai| 8. puNya aura pApa donoM prakAra ke karma jIva ke bandhana ke lie sone aura lohe kI jaMjIra kI taraha haiM / . karma-astitva-sAdhaka tarka 1. saMsAra kI vicitratA karma ke astitva kA sAdhaka hai : saMsAra meM aneka prakAra kI vicitratAe~ dRSTigata hotI haiN| koI daridra hai, koI dhanI hai, kisI ko athaka puruSArtha karane para bhI saphalatA nahIM milatI hai aura kisI ko thor3A prayatna karane para hI abhISTa kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai / yahA~ taka ki sAMsArika jIvoM ko anicchApUrvaka bhI mahAn kaSToM ko bhoganA par3atA hai| isa prakAra, sAMsArika viSamatAe~, sukha-duHkha, iSTa-viyoga aura aniSTa-saMyoga Adi kArya siddha karate haiM ki inakA koI-na-koI adRzya kAraNa avazya hai / ataH ukta kAryoM kA jo bhI kAraNa hai, vahI karma kahalAtA hai / ' gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) kI TIkA meM kahA bhI hai : "karma ke binA daridra, lakSmIvAn Adi vicitratAyeM 1. paramAtmaprakAza, gA0 1178 / 2. vahI, gA0 166; tattvArthavArtika, 5 / 24 / 9, pR0 488 / 3. paJcAdhyAyI, uttarArdha 105, 328, 687 evaM 925 / 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0 211 / 5. dhavalA, pu0 12, khaM0 4, bhAga 2, sU0 6, pR0 297 / 6. samayasAra, gA0 146 / 7. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA : pro0 harendraprasAda sinhA, pR0 13 / 8. paJcAdhyAyI, u0 kA0, 50 /

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190 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra sambhava nahIM haiM" / ' majjhimanikAya meM bhI uparyukta viSamatA kA kAraNa karma batalAyA gayA hai / 2. karma ke astitva meM dUsarA pramANa jJAna kA honAdhika honA hai / samasta jIvoM kA jJAna eka-sA sadaiva nahIM banA rahatA hai / ataH isakA avazya koI kAraNa honA cAhie, aura jo bhI jJAna ke hInAdhika bhAva kA kAraNa hai, vaha karma hI hai | ataH siddha hai ki karma kI sattA hai / 2 3. jIva ke kAryarUpa vibhinna paryAyoM kA koI kAraNa avazya hai / yadi unakA kAraNa na mAnA jAe to samasta kAryoM ko bhI akAraNa mAnanA hogA, jo asaMgata hai | ataH karma jIva kI vibhinna paryAyoM kA usI prakAra kAraNa hai, jisa prakAra dIpaka jyoti kA kAraNa hai / kahA bhI hai- "jisa prakAra jyoti tela ke svabhAva ko apane svabhAva se naSTa karake pradIpta hone kA kArya karatI hai, usI prakAra karma jIva ke svabhAva kA ghAta karake usake manuSya Adi paryAya rUpa kAryoM kA janaka hotA hai / 3 bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne bhI karma kA astitva siddha karate hue kahA hai ki"manuSya, zera, bher3iyA, cItA, sAMpa Adi meM zUratA krUratA Adi dharma paropadeza pUrvaka na ho kara naisargika hote haiM / ye Akasmika bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki karmodaya ke nimitta se utpanna hote haiM / 14 isa prakAra AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM karma kA astitva siddha hai / 4. vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM karmAstitva siddha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva ke sukha-duHkha aMkura kI taraha kArya rUpa hone se unake kAraNa ke rUpa meM karma kI sattA siddha ho jAtI hai / " caMdanAdi viSayoM ko sukha kA kAraNa aura viSa- kaMTakAdi ko duHkha kA kAraNa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki ve sabhI ke lie samAna rUpa se sukhaduHkha nahIM pahu~cAte haiM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kaMTakAdi kisI ke lie duHkhakAraka haiM to kisI ke lie sukhakAraka bhI haiM / ataH sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM karma ko sattA siddha hotI hai / 1. gommaTasAra ( jIvakAMDa), jIvatattvapradIpikA / 2. edassa pamANassa vaDDhihANi - tara tamabhAvo Na tAva NikkAraNo; / / jaM taM hANi-tara-tamabhAvakAraNaM tamAvaraNamiti tamhA sakAraNAhi siddhaM / kasAyapAhuDa, 1 / 1 / 1, prakaraNa 37-8, pR0 56 / 3. pravacanasAra, tattvapradIpikA, gA0 117 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 3 / 6, pR0 33 | 5. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gaNadharavAda, gA0 1610-2 / 6. vahI, gA0 1612-3 / ----

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 191 5. bAla-zarIra avazya hI kisI kAraNa se huA hai / jisa prakAra yuvAzarIra bAla zarIra ke bAda hotA hai, usI taraha bAla-zarIra bhI kisI anya zarIra pUrvaka honA caahie| ataH bAla-zarIra jisa zarIrAntara pUrvaka hotA hai, vaha kArmaNa zarIra hai aura kArmaNa zarIra hI karma kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra zarIra ke nirmANa ke kAraNa-rUpa meM karma kI sattA siddha hai|' nyAyadarzana meM bhI dharmAdharma se prerita paMcabhUtoM se zarIra kI utpatti batalAI gayI hai / 6. karma-astitva kI siddhi ke sandarbha meM eka anumAna yaha bhI hai ki dAnAdi kriyAoM kA phala avazya hI honA cAhie kyoMki caitanyasvarUpa vyakti kI kriyAeM haiM / jisa prakAra sacetana kisAna kI kRSi-kriyA niSphala nahIM hotI, usI prakAra dAnAdi kriyAeM bhI niSphala nahIM honI cAhie / ataH dAnAdi kriyAoM ke phala ke rUpa meM karma kI sattA siddha hotI hai / yadi karma kA astitva na mAnA jAya to dAnAdi kriyAe~, tapasyAdi anuSThAna, bandha, mokSa tathA saMsAra kI vividhatA Adi ko nirhetuka mAnanA hogA, jo asambhava evaM tarkahIna hogaa| uparyukta sAMsArika vividhatA Adi sahetuka haiM aura unakA kAraNa karma hai, isalie siddha hai ki karma kA astitva hai| karma kI mUrta-siddhi : jaina darzana meM karma ko bhautika-paudgalika yA mUrtika batalAyA gayA hai, kyoMki karma meM sparza, rasa, gandha tathA varNa hote haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne karma ko mUrtika kahate hue kahA hai ki karma ke phalasvarUpa jIva sparzanAdi indriyoM ke viSayoM ko bhogatA hai evaM sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, isalie siddha hai ki karma mUrtika hai / ' vidyAnanda ne bhI kundakunda kI isa mAnyatA kA anukaraNa 'AptaparIkSA' meM kiyA hai / 2. AcArya pUjyapAda ne samasta zarIroM ko paudgalika tathA mUrtika siddha karate hue kahA hai ki kArmaNa zarIra bhI paudgalika hai; kyoMki vaha mUrtimAn 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gaNadharavAda, gA0 1614 / 2. nyAyasUtra, 3 / 2 / 63 / 3. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gaNadharavAda, gA0 1615-11 / 4. dhavalA, pu0 13, khaM0 5, bhA0 sUtra 24, pR0 48-50 / 5. paJcAstikAya, gA0 133 / 6. AptaparIkSA, zloka 115, pR0 256 / 7. sarvArthasiddhi, 5 / 19, pR0 285 /

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192 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra padArthoM ke sambandha se phala detA hai / jisa prakAra mUrtika jalAdi padArthoM ke sambandha se pakane vAle dhAna paudgalika hote haiM, usI prakAra kArmaNa zarIra bhI gur3a, kAMTA Adi iSTa-aniSTa mUrtika padArthoM ke milane para phala pradAna karatA hai| isase siddha hai ki kArmaNa paudgalika hai / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne bhI yahI kahA hai / " 3. karma ke kAryoM ko dekha kara bhI usakA mUrtika honA siddha hotA hai / jisa prakAra paramANuoM se nirmita ghaTa kArya ko dekha kara usake kAraNabhUta paramANuoM ko mUrtika mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra karma ke kArya audArikAdi zarIroM ko mUrtika dekha kara siddha hotA hai ki karma mUrtika haiM / yadi aisA na mAnA jAe to amUrta padArthoM se mUrta padArthoM kI utpatti mAnanI hogI, jo asaMgata hai; kyoMki amUrti kAraNoM se mUrta kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai / 3 4. AcArya guNadhara ne karma ko mUrtika siddha kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki kRtrima hote hue bhI karma mUrtika haiM; kyoMki mUrta davA ke khAne se pariNAmAntara hotA hai arthAt----rugNAvasthA svasthAvasthA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai / yadi karma mUrtika na hotA to mUrta davA se karmajanya zarIra meM parivartana nahIM honA cAhie / 5. jinabhadragaNi ne bhI karma ko mUrtika siddha karate hue kahA hai ki karma mUrta haiM, kyoMki AtmA ke sAtha unakA sambandha hone para usI prakAra sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, jisa prakAra mUrta bhojana karane se sukhAdi kI anubhUti hotI hai / 5 6. karma meM mUrtatva kI siddhi ke lie eka yaha bhI anumAna diyA gayA hai ki amUrta padArthoM se vedanA kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai, jaise AkAza / yadi karma amUrta hote, to unase bhI vedanA kA anubhava nahIM honA cAhie, lekina karma ke sambandha meM prANiyoM ko vedanA kA anubhava hotA hai / ata: siddha hai ki karma mUrtika haiM / mUrta agni ke sAtha sambandha hone se jisaprakAra vedanA kI anubhUti hotI hai, usI prakAra karma ke sambandha se vedanA kA anubhava hotA hai, jo use mUrta siddha karatA hai / 1. tattvArthavArtika, 5 / 19 / 19 / 2. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gaNadharavAda, gA0 1625 / 3. audArikAdikAryANAM kAraNaM karma mUrtimat / mUrtena mUrtAnAmArambhaH kvApi dRzyate / tattvArthasAra, 5 / 15 / na 57 / 4. kasA pAhuDa, 111 / 1, pR0 5. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA0 1626 / 6. vahI /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 193 7. karma ko mUrta siddha karane vAlA eka hetu yaha bhI hai ki karma kA pariNAma amUrta AtmA ke pariNAma se bhinna hotA hai / ataH pariNAma kI vibhinnatA se ukta donoM dravyoM, arthAt AtmA aura karma meM viparItatA evaM vibhinnatA siddha hotI hai / ataH siddha hai ki karma amUrta AtmA se viparIta, arthAt mUrta svabhAva vAle haiN|' isaprakAra aneka anumAnapramANoM se karma ko mUrtika siddha kiyA gayA hai| 8. Apta vacana se bhI karma mUrta siddha hotA hai| "samayasAra" meM kundakundAcArya ne kahA bhI hai-"AThoM prakAra ke karma pudgala-svarUpa haiM, aisA jinendradeva ne kahA hai / 2" pudgala mUrtika haiM isalie karma bhI mUrtika siddha hotA hai / amUrta AtmA se mUrta karmoM kI bandha-prakriyA : ___karma kA mUrtatva siddha ho jAne ke bAda yaha prazna honA svAbhAvika hai ki unakA bandha amUrta AtmA ke sAtha kisa prakAra hotA hai ? kyoMki, mUrta padArtha kA mUrta ke sAtha hI bandha ho sakatA hai, amUrta ke sAtha nhiiN| isa viSaya para jaina dArzanikoM ne vibhinna paddhatiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai 1. pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki anekAntavAdI jaina darzana meM AtmA ekAnta rUpa se amUrta hI nahIM hai / yadyapi AtmA nizcaya naya yA zuddha svarUpa kI apekSA amUrta hai, kintu vyavahAra naya yA karmabandha paryAya kI apekSA mUrta hai / ataH saMsArI AtmA karma-saMyukta hone se kathaMcit mUrta hone ke kAraNa usake sAtha mUrta karmoM kA bandha ho jAtA hai| 2. dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki AtmA aura karma kA anAdi kAla se sambandha hai / pUjyapAdAcArya ne "sakaSAya..." ityAdisUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai jo jIva kaSAya-sahita hotA hai, use karma kA lepa hotA hai, kaSAya-rahita jIva ko nhiiN| isase jIva aura karma kA anAdi sambandha siddha hotA hai aura amUrta AtmA aura mUrta karma ke sAtha kisa prakAra bandhatA hai, isa prazna kA nirAkaraNa ho 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA0 1627 / 2. samayasAra, gA0 45 / 3. pravacanasAra, 2181 / 4. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 27 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 1 / 23-4 / tattvArthasAra, 5 / 17-9 / dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gAthA 7, pR0 20 / dhavalA pu0 13, khaM0 5, bhAga 3, suu012|

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194 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra jAtA hai / " "paMcAstikAya" kI TIkA meM bhI kahA hai ki anAdikAla se jIva karma saMyukta hone ke kAraNa mUrtika haiN| sparzAdi guNoM se yukta karma AgAmI karmoM ko snigdha-rukSa guNoM ke dvArA bAMdhatA hai / isa prakAra mUrtika karma ke sAtha bandha hotA hai / nizcayanaya kI apekSA AtmA amUrtika hai| anAdikAla se karma se yukta hone ke kAraNa AtmA rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoM ke dvArA naye karmoM ko bA~dhatA hai / isa prakAra pahale se ba~dhe karmoM ke kAraNa jIva navIna karmoM se ba~dha jAtA hai / 2 3. kundakunda ne amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta karma kA bandha kisa prakAra sambhava hai, yaha batalAte hue likhA hai ki jisa prakAra AtmA amUrta hokara ghaTa, paTa Adi mUrta dravyoM aura unake guNoM ko jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai, usI prakAra amUrta AtmA kA mUrta karma ke sAtha bandha ho jAtA hai / isI bAta ko udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa karate hue TIkAkAra ne likhA hai ki jisa prakAra koI bAlaka miTTI ke kar3e (valaya) ko apanA mAna kara dekhatA aura jAnatA hai / yadyapi usa kar3e kA usa bAlaka ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai, lekina koI usa kar3e ko tor3a de to use mahAn duHkha hotA hai| isI prakAra karma-yukta AtmA rAgI, dvaSI aura moho hokara sAMsArika padArthoM ko dekhatA aura usase mamatva-bhAva rakhatA hai| isa prakAra rAga-dveSa se yukta amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta karma kA bandha ho jAtA hai| 4. cauthI bAta yaha hai ki jisa prakAra mUrta madirA amUrta mati evaM zrutajJAna ko prabhAvita karatI hai, usI prakAra mUrta karma amUrta AtmA ko prabhAvita karate haiM / 5. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM kahA hai ki jisa prakAra mUrtika ghaTa kA amUrtika AkAza ke sAtha sambandha ho jAtA hai usI prakAra mUrtika karma kA amUrtika AtmA ke sAtha sambandha ho jAtA hai / dUsarA udAharaNa yaha bhI diyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra mUrta aMguli kA AkuMcanAdi abhUtika kriyA ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, usI taraha mUrta karma kA amUrta jIva ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai / 6 karma AtmA kA guNa nahIM hai : nyAya-vaizeSika darzana karma ko adRSTa mAna kara 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 82 tattvArthavArtika 8 / 2 / 4 / 2. paJcAstikAya, tattvapradIpikA TIkA, gA0 134 / 3. pravacanasAra, gA0 2 / 82 / 4. pravacanasAraTIkA, 2 / 82, pR0 216 / 5. paJcAdhyAyI, u0, 2 / 57-60 / vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1337 / 6. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, (gaNadharavAda) gA0 1637 /

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AtmA aura karma vipAka : 195 use AtmA kA guNa mAnate haiM; kintu jaina dArzanika karma ko AtmA kA guNa na mAna kara donoM ko bhinna-bhinna dravya mAnate haiM / yadi karma ko AtmA kA guNa mAna liyA jAe, to karma usake bandhana ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakeMge, kyoMki koI guNa apane Care ko hI baMdhana meM nahIM DAla sakatA / " bandhana na hone ke kAraNa sadaiva AtmA ko svatantra arthAt zuddha, buddha aura mukta mAnanA par3egA, aura aisA mAnanA tarkasaMgata nahIM hogaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hogI ki saMsAra kA abhAva ho jAegA evaM mokSa ke lie kiye jAne vAle sabhI tapa Adi prayAsa vyartha ho jAyeMge / ataH karma ko AtmA kA guNa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / AtmA kA guNa mAna kara karma ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnane se kabhI AtmA mukta naSTa hone se guNI bhI naSTa ho jAegA / karma ko AtmA kA doSa yaha bhI AyegA ki guNa kabhI guNo se alaga nahIM ho pAyegA / isalie jisa prakAra saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha karma rahegA, usI prakAra muktAtmA ke sAtha bhI rahegA, phalataH donoM prakAra kI AtmAoM meM koI bheda nahIM raha jAyegA / ataH siddha hai ki karma AtmA kA guNa na ho kara vijAtIya dravya hai / na ho sakegI, kyoMki guNa ke guNa mAnane se eka karma kI avasthAe~ : karma se yukta saMsArI jIva ke kI apane Azrava se lekara phala dene paryanta vividha nimnAMkita haiM 4 1. bandhana : karma AtmA ke sAtha usI prakAra mila jAte haiM, jisa prakAra sone aura cAMdI ko eka sAtha pighalAne para donoM ke pradeza mila kara eka rUpa ho jAte haiM / karmapradezoM aura AtmapradezoM kA mila kara eka rUpa ho jAnA, yahI bandha kahalAtA hai / " yaha karma kI prathama tathA mahatvapUrNa avasthA hai, kyoMki zeSa karma kI avasthAe~ isI para nirbhara karatI haiM / baddha evaM baddhamAna karmoM dazAe~ hotI haiM, jo 2. sattA : sattA karma kI dUsarI avasthA hai / sattA kA artha astitva yA sattA hai / phala prApti se pahale kI avasthA sattA-avasthA kahalAtI hai / kahA bhI hai : pUrvasaMcita karma kA AtmA meM avasthita rahanA 'sattA' hai / ' 1. tattvArthasAra, 5 / 14, 20 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 2, pR0 377 / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 82 10, pR0 566 // 4. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa), gA0 438-40 / jaina dharma darzana pR0 485 / 5. ( ka ) tattvArthasAra, 5 / 19 / (kha) nayacakra, gA0 154 / 6. paJcasaMgraha ( prAkRta ), 3 / 3 /

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196 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 3. udaya : karmoM ke phala dene kI avasthA 'udaya' kahalAtI hai| pUjyapAdAcArya ne kahA hai : "dravyAdi ke nimittAnusAra karmoM ke phala kI prApti honA, udaya hai| 4. udIraNA : karmodayAvasthA kI taraha udIraNAvasthA meM bhI karmaphala kI prApti hotI hai| lekina udayA aura udIraNA meM antara yaha hai ki pahalI meM paripAka ko prApta karma svayaM phala dete haiM aura dUsarI meM apAka karmoM ko saMyama se pahale anuSThAna Adi ke dvArA pakA kara phala prApta kiyA jAtA hai / 2 jina pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA abhI taka udaya nahIM huA hai, unako balapUrvaka niyata samaya bhogane ke lie pakA kara phala dene ke yogya kara dete haiM vaha udIraNA avasthA kahalAtI hai| kahA bhI hai : 'apakva karmoM ke pAcana ( pakAne ) ko udIraNA kahate haiN'|3 5. utkarSaNa : utkarSaNa kA artha unnatizIla honA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki baMdhana ke samaya kaSAyoM kI tIvratA Adi ke anusAra karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga hotA hai| unakI isa sthiti aura anubhAga ko bhI kisI adhyavasAyavizeSa ke dvArA bar3hAnA utkarSaNa kahalAtA hai| ise "udvartanA" bhI kahate haiM / 6. apakarSaNa : apakarSaNa kA dUsarA nAma apavartanA bhI hai / 5 karmoM kI yaha avasthA utkarSaNa se viparIta hai| samyagdarzanAdi se pUrva-saMcita karmoM kI sthiti evaM anubhAga ko kSINa kara denA apakarSaNa kahalAtA hai / 7. saMkramaNa : pUrvabaddha karma kI uttara prakRti ko, jIva ke parimANoM ke kAraNa, sajAtIya prakRtiyoM meM badalane kI avasthA 'saMkramaNa' kahalAtI hai / 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 1, pR0 149; 6 / 14, pR0 332 / (kha) gommaTasAra (karma kANDa), jIvatattvaprabodhinI TIkA, gAthA 439, 50 512 / 2. dhavalA, pu0 6, khaM0 1 bhAga 9-8, sU0 4, pR0 213 / / 3. dhavalA, pu0 6, khaM0 1, bhA0 9-8, sU0 4, pR0 213 / paJcasaMgraha (prAkRta), 333 / gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), jIvatattvaprabodhinI, TIkA, gAthA 439, pR0 592 / 4. dhavalA pu0 10, khaM0 4, sU0 21, pR0 52 / 5. vahI, pR0 53 : 6. sthityanubhAgayorhAnirapakarSaNaM / gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), jIvatattvaprabo dhinI, TIkA, gA0 438, pR0 591 / 7. vahI, gA0 438, pR0 591 / (Ayukarma kIprakRtiyoM meM tathA darzana mohanIya kA cAritra mohanIya meM aura cAritra mohanIya kA darzana mohanIya meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai)|

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AtmA aura karma vipAka : 197 8. upazamana : upazamana kA artha hai, dabAnA / ataH karmoM kI udaya - udIraNA ko roka denA, upazamana kahalAtA hai / " 9. nirdhAtti : karma kI jisa avasthA meM udvarttanA aura apavarttanA ho sake, lekina udIraNA aura saMkramaNa na ho, vaha avasthA nighatta yA nidhatti kahalAtI hai / 10. nikAcana : karma kA jisa rUpa meM bandha huA, usakA usI rUpa meM bhoganA arthAt udvarttanA, apavarttanA, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA avasthAoM kA na honA, nikAcanAvasthA kahalAtI hai / 11. AbAdhAvasthA : karma bandha ke samaya turanta phala na denA, AbAdhAvasthA kahalAtI hai / likhA jA cukA hai, ataH karma aura no-karma meM bheda : karma kA artha pahale yahA~ usakI punarAvRtti karanA ucita nahIM hai / 'no' zabda ke do artha hote haiM, niSedha-rUpa evaM kicit yA ISat / yahA~ para 'no' kA artha kiMcit, hI hai / ataH nokarma kA artha huA -- kicit karma / tAtparya yaha hai ki karma AtmA kI zakti kA ghAta karatA hai, kintu nokarma AtmA kI zakti kA ghAta nahIM karatA hai | ataH karma se viparIta lakSaNa hone se nokarma ko akarma bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / ' 'adhyAtmarahasya' meM kahA hai - saMsArI jIvoM ke aMgAdika ( zarIra aura paryAptiyoM) kI vRddhi hAni ke lie pudgala - paramANuoM kA samUha karmoM ke udaya se pariNata hotA hai, vaha nokarma kahalAtA hai / " ataH audArika vaikriyika aura AhArika zarIra tathA chaha AhArika paryAptiyoM ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane ko nokarma kahate haiM / 'gommaTasAra' ( jIvakANDa ) meM kArmaNa zarIra ko karma aura zeSa zarIroM ko no-karma kahA hai; kyoMki audArikAdi zarIra karmazarIra ke sahakArI hote haiM / aNu, saMkhyAtANu, asaMkhyAtANu anantANu, 1. dhavalA, pu0 9, khaM0 4, bhA0 1, sU0 45, pR0 91 / 2. gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), gA0 440 / 3. vahI / 4. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), jIvatattvaprabodhinI, pR0 508 / 5. adhyAtma rahasya, 63 / 6. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), gA0 244 // 2 TIkA, gAthA 224,

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198 : jenadarzana meM Atma-vicAra AhAra, agrAhya, taijasa, agrAhya, bhASA, agrAhya, mano, agrAhya, kArmaNa, dhruva, sAMtara niraMtara, zUnya, pratyekazarIra, dhruvazUnya, bAdaranigoda, zUnya, sUkSmanigoda, nabha aura mahAskandha pudgala vargaNA ke teIsa bheda haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama kI TIkA meM 23 prakAra kI vargaNAoM meM se cAra kArmaNa vargaNA ( kArmaNa, bhASA, mana aura taijasa ) ko karma aura zeSa 19 vargaNAoM ko nokarma kahA hai / " yahA~ vargaNA se tAtparya samAna vAle paramANupiNDa se hai / (kha) karma ke bheda aura unakI samIkSA : bhAratIya darzana meM vibhinna dArzanika paramparA meM karma ke vibhinna bheda upalabdha haiM / vaidika-darzana meM karma ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM 1. saMcita karma : pUrva janma meM kiye gaye jina karmoM kA abhI phala milanA Arambha nahIM huA hai, ve saMcita karma kahalAte haiM / 2. prArabdha karma : jina saMcita karmoM kA phala milanA Arambha ho gayA hai, ve prArabdha karma kahalAte haiM / 3. kriyamANa karma : jo karma vartamAna samaya meM kiye jA rahe haiM, ve kriyamANa karma kahalAte haiM / yogasUtra meM karma ke tIna bheda--kRSNa, zukla aura zukla-kRSNa kiye gaye haiM / nyAyamaJjarI meM zubha karma aura azubha karma kI apekSA karma ke do bheda bhI upalabdha haiM / 3 (a) jaina darzana meM karma ke bheda : jaina dharma meM karma kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai / sAmAnya kI apekSA karma eka hI prakAra kA hai / bhAva karma, aura dravya karma kI apekSA karma ke do bheda haiM / ( 1 ) bhAva karma : rAga-dveSAdi jIva ke vikAra bhAvakarma, kahalAte haiM / " (2) dravya karma : rAga-dveSAdi bhAva karmoM ke nimitta se AtmA ke sAtha baMdhane vAle acetana pudgala - paramANu, dravya-karma kahalAte haiM / 1. ( ka ) dhavalA, pu0 14, khaMDa 5, bhAga 6, sUtra 71, pR0 52 / (kha) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), gA0 594-595 / 2. yogasUtra, 4 / 7 // 3 nyAyamaJjarI, pR0 472 / 4. karma prakRti, gA0 6 / (kha) gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), 6 / 5. pravacanasAra, 1 / 84 evaM 88 / (kha) uttarAdhyayana, 32 / 7 / 6. tattvArthasAra, 5 / 2419 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 199 svabhAva evaM zakti kI apekSA karma ke ATha bheda : Asrava ke dvArA Aye hue karma ke pudgala-paramANu AtmA se baMdha kara vividha svabhAva evaM zakti vAle ho jAte haiN| isa dRSTi se karma ke ATha bheda haiM1. jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvaraNa, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. Ayu, 6. nAma, 7. gotra, 8. antarAya / ' yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki eka prakAra kI kArmaNavargaNA ATha prakAra kI kaise ho jAtI hai ? uparyukta prazna ke uttara meM jaina AcAryoM ne batalAyA hai ki jisa prakAra eka hI bAra khAyA gayA bhojana paca kara khUna, rasa, mAMsa, majjA, mala, mUtra, vAta, pitta, zleSmA Adi aneka rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke pariNamana se eka hI bAra meM grahaNa kiye gaye pudgala-paramANu jJAnAvaraNAdi vibhinna rUpoM meM pariNata ho jAte haiM / dhavalAkAra ne kahA bhI hai : "mithyAtva, asaMyama, kaSAya aura yoga rUpa pratyayoM ke Azraya se utpanna ATha zaktiyoM se saMyukta jIva ke sambandha se kArmaNa pudgala-skandhoM kA ATha karmoM ke AkAra se pariNamana hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai / " isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue akalaMka deva ne kahA hai ki "jisa prakAra megha kA jala pAtra-vizeSa meM gira kara vibhinna rasoM meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra jJAna-zakti kA avarodha karane se jJAnAvaraNa sAmAnyataH eka hokara bhI zrutAvaraNa Adi rUpoM meM parivartita ho jAtA hai|" isake atirikta nimnAMkita kAraNoM se bhI eka hI pudgala karmavargaNA vividha rUpa ho jAtI hai 1. jisa prakAra eka hI agni meM jalAne, pakAne Adi kI zakti hotI hai, usI prakAra eka hI prakAra ke karma-pudgala meM sukha-duHkhAdi rUpa hone kI zakti hotI hai| 2. yadyapi dravya-dRSTi se karma pudgala eka hI prakAra kA hotA hai, phira bhI paryAyoM kI apekSA usake aneka prakAra hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai / 1. uttarAdhyayana, 33 / 2-3 / tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 4 / 2. samayasAra, gA0 176-80 / (kha) sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 4 / pR0 381 / tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 4 / 3 / 3. dhavalA, pu0 12, khaM0 4, bhA0 8, sU0 11, pR0 287 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 4 / 7 / 5. vahI, 8 / 4 / 9-14 /

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200 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 1. jJAnAvaraNa karma : Atma-svarUpa-vimarza likhate hue hama yaha ullekha kara cuke haiM ki jaina darzana meM AtmA jJAna-svarUpa hai / AtmA ke isa svarUpa ko apane prabhAva se AcchAdita karane vAlA karma, jJAnAvaraNa karma kahalAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNa karma kA udaya hone se AtmA kI jJAnazakti prakaTa nahIM ho pAtI hai / gommaTasAra (karmakANDa)2 meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra kapar3e kI paTTI netroM meM bAMdha dene se netroM kI padArthoM ko jAnane kI zakti ruka jAtI hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa karma ke udaya se sakala padArthoM ko jAnane kI zakti avaruddha ho jAtI hai / isa karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa pradoSa, niha nava, mAtsarya, antarAya, AsAdana aura upaghAta haiN| yahAM prazna hotA hai ki jJAnAvaraNa karma vidyamAna jJAnAMza kA AvaraNa karatA hai athavA avidyamAna jJAnAMza kA? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki vaha dravyArtha kI apekSA vidyamAna jJAnAMza kA aura paryAya kI apekSA avidyamAna jJAnAMza kA AvaraNa kara detA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mati Adi jJAna koI vastu nahIM hai jisake DhaMka dene ko matijJAnAvaraNAdi kahA jA sake, kintu matyAvaraNa Adi ke udaya hone se AtmA meM mati Adi jJAna utpanna nahIM hote haiM, isalie ve AvaraNa kahalAte haiM / jJAnAvaraNa karma jJAna kA vinAzaka nahIM hai : AtmA kI jJAnazakti ke ghAta karane kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jJAnAvaraNa karma jJAna kA vinAzaka hai kyoMki jIva jJAna-darzana svarUpa hai aura usakA vinAza mAnA jAe to jIva kA bhI vinAza mAnanA par3egA / ataH jJAnAvaraNa karma se jJAna kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai, isalie use jJAnavinAzaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / jJAnAvaraNa-karma kI prakRtiyA~ : jJAnAvaraNa karma ke pAMca bheda haiM-1. mati jJAnAvaraNa, 2. zruta jJAnAvaraNa, 3. avadhi jJAnAvaraNa, 4. manaH paryAya jJAnAvaraNa aura 5. kevalajJAnAvaraNa / 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 3, pu0 378 evaM 8 / 4, pR0 380 / 2. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 21 / 3. tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 10 / / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 6 / 4-6, pR0 571 / 5. Na, jIvalakkhaNANaM NANadaMsaNANaM viNAsAbhAvA / viNAse vA jIvassa viNAso hojja," / -dhavalA, pu0 6, khaMDa 1, bhA0 9-11, sU0 5, pR0 6 / 6. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu0 13, khaM0 5, bhA0 5, sU0 21, pRSTha 209 / tattvArthasUtra, 86 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 201 jJAnAvaraNa karma ke pAMca hI bheda kyoM : yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki jJAnAvaraNa karma ke pAMca hI bheda kyoM haiM ? vIrasena ne dhavalA meM isa prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA hai ki matijJAna Adi pAMca jJAnoM ke alAvA jJAna ke anya bheda nahIM hote haiM, isalie unake AvaraNa karane vAle karma bhI pA~ca prakAra se adhika nahIM hote haiM / kumatijJAna, kuzrutajJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna kA antarbhAva kramazaH matijJAna, zrutajJAna aura avadhijJAna meM ho jAtA hai| uparyukta pAMca jJAnAvaraNa karma meM se Adi ke cAra karma sarvaghAtI haiN| 2. darzanAvaraNa karma : padArtha ke sAmAnya dharma kA bodha jisa karma ke kAraNa nahIM hotA hai, use AcArya pUjyapAda ne darzanAvaraNa karma kahA hai / 2 darzanAvaraNa karma ke udaya hone se AtmA kA darzanaguNa AcchAdita ho jAtA hai / isa karma kI upamA rAjA ke dvArapAla se kI gayI hai / jisa prakAra paharedAra zAsaka ko dekhane ke lie utsuka vyaktiyoM ko roka detA hai, usI prakAra darzanAvaraNakarma AtmA kI darzanazakti para AvaraNa DAla kara use prakaTa hone se rokatA hai| darzanAvaraNa karma ke bheda : Agama meM darzanAvaraNa karma ke nau bheda batalAye gaye haiM :-1. cakSu darzanAvaraNa, 2. acakSu darzanAvaraNa, 3. avadhi darzanAvaraNa, 4. kevala darzanAvaraNa, 5. nidrA, 6. nidrAnidrA, 7. pracalA, 8. pracalA-pracalA aura 9. styAnagRddhi / jisa darzanAvaraNa karma ke udaya se cAindriya se hone vAlA sAmAnya bodha nahIM ho pAtA hai, use cakSudarzanAvaraNa karma kahate haiM / cakSu indriya ke alAvA anya indriyoM aura mana ke dvArA hone vAlA sAmAnya bodha jisake udaya se na ho sake, use acakSudarzanAvaraNa karma kahate haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA ko rUpI dravyoM kA sAmAnya bodha na ho sake, use avadhidarzanAvaraNa karma kahate haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ko samasta dravya aura paryAyoM kA yugapat sAmAnya bodha na ho, use kevaladarzanAvaraNa karma kahate haiM / __ mada, kheda aura parizrama-janya thakAvaTa ko dUra karane ke lie nIMda lene ko pUjyapAda ne nidrA kahA hai / 6 nidrA karma ke udaya se jIva halkI nIMda sotA hai, 1. dhavalA, pu0 7, khaM0 2, bhA0 1, sU0 45, pR0 87 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 813, pR0 378 / / 3. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 21 / 4. SaTkhaNDAgama, pu06, khaM0 1, bhA0 9-11, sU0 16 / ta0 sU0, 87 / 5. tattvArthavArtika, 818 / 12-16, pR0 573 / 6. sarvArthasiddhi, 87, pR0 383 /

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202 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra uThAye jAne para jaldI uTha jAtA hai aura halkI AvAja karane para saceta ho jAtA hai| nidrAvasthA meM giratA huA vyakti apane ko saMbhAla letA hai, thor3A. thor3A kAMpatA rahatA hai aura sAvadhAna hokara sotA hai / ' gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) meM nemicandrAcArya ne kahA hai ki nidrA ke udaya se calatA-calatA manuSya khar3A raha jAtA hai aura khar3A-khar3A baiTha jAtA hai athavA gira jAtA hai / nidrA kI adhika pravRtti kA honA nidrA-nidrA hai / 3 vIrasena ne dhavalA meM likhA hai ki isa karma ke udaya se jIva vRkSa ke zikhara para, viSama bhUmi para, athavA kisI bhI pradeza para 'ghura'-'ghura' AvAja karatA huA ati-nirbhaya hokara gAr3hI nidrA meM sotA hai| dUsaroM ke dvArA uThAye jAne para bhI nahIM uThatA hai|" gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) meM kahA gayA hai ki nidrA-nidrA karma ke udaya se jIva sone meM sAvadhAna rahatA hai, lekina netra kholane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai / jisa karma ke udaya se Adhe sote hue vyakti kA sira thor3A-thor3A hilatA rahatA hai, use pracalA prakRti kahate haiM / nemicandra ne kahA hai ki pracalA ke udaya se jIva kiMcit netra ko kholakara sotA hai, sotA huA kucha jAnatA rahatA hai aura bAra-bAra manda-manda sotA hai| pracalA kI bAra-bAra pravRtti ko pUjyapAda ne pracalA-pracalA kahA hai| gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa) meM kahA gayA hai ki isa karma prakRti ke udaya se vyakti ke mukha se lAra bahatI hai aura usake hastapAdAdi kAMpate rahate haiN|9 vIrasena ne bhI kahA hai ki jisa karma ke udaya se baiThA huA vyakti so jAtA hai, sira dhunatA hai tathA latA ke samAna cAroM dizAoM meM loTatA hai, vaha pracalA-pracalA karma kahalAtA hai|10 jisa karma ke udaya se AtmA rodra karma karatA hai, use pUjyapAda ne styAna1. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 16, pR0 32 / 2. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 24 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 87, pR0 383 / 4. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 16, pR0 31 / 5. gommaTasAra (karmakAMDa), gAthA 23 / / 6. dhavalA, 1315 / 5, sUtra 75, pR0 354 / 7. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gAthA 25 / 8. sarvArthasiddhi, 87, pR0 383 / 9. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gAthA 24 / 10. dhavalA, 13 / 5 / 5, sU0 85, pR0 354 /

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AtmA aura karma vipAka : 203 gRddhi darzanAvaraNa karma kahA hai / gommaTasAra meM kahA hai ki isa karma ke udaya se jIva nIMda meM aneka kArya karatA hai, bolatA hai, lekina use kucha bhI jJAna nahIM ho pAtA hai / dhavalA meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai / 3 jJAnAvaraNa karma kI taraha pradoSa Adi kAraNoM se darzanAvaraNa karma kA Asrava hotA hai / 3. vedanIya karma : jisake dvArA vedana arthAta anubhava hotA hai, use vedanIya karma kahate haiM / pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai ki vedanIya karma kI prakRti sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana karanA hai / " vIrasena ne bhI jIva ke sukha-duHkha ke utpAdaka karma ko vedanIya karma kahA hai / " vedanIya karma ke do bheda : vedanIya karma do prakAra kA hotA hai - (1) sAtAvedanIya aura ( 2 ) asAtAvedanIya / sAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se jIva ko zarIra aura mana sambandhI sukha kA anubhava hotA hai aura asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se aneka prakAra kI narakAdi gatiyoM meM kAyikA, mAnasika aura janma, jarA, maraNa, priya-viyoga, apriya saMyoga, vyAdhi, vadha tathA baMdhana Adi se utpanna duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai / vedanIya karma kI upamA zahadayukta talavAra se kI gayI hai / jisa prakAra talavAra kI dhAra meM lagI huI madhu ke cATane se sukha kA anubhava hotA hai, usI prakAra sAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se sukha kA anubhava hotA hai / madhusaMyukta talavAra ke cATane se jihvA ke kaTa jAne para jisa prakAra duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, usI prakAra asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya se duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai / sAtA-asAtAvedanIya karma - Asrava ke kAraNa : jIva - anukampA, vratI - anukampA, dAna, sarAgasaMyama Adi yoga, kSAnti aura zauca sAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa haiM aura apane tathA para meM athavA 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 7, pR0 383 / 2. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa ), gAthA 23 / 3. ghavalA, 13515, sU0 85, pR0 354 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi : pUjyapAda, 83, pR0 379 / 5. dhavalA, pu0 1, khaM05, bhA05, sUtra 19, pR0 208 / 6. ( ka ) sarvArthasiddhi, 88, pU0 384 / ( kha ) tattvArthavArtika, 8|8|1-2 pR0 573 / 7. gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), gA0 21

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204 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra donoM meM vidyamAna duHkha, zoka, tApa, Akrandana, vadha aura parivedana asAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN|' 4. mohanIya karma : mohanIya karma jIva ke saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai, isalie ise samasta karmoM kA rAjA kahA gayA hai| dhavalA meM vIrasena ne kahA hai ki samasta duHkhoM kI prApti mohanIyakarma ke nimitta se hotI hai isalie use zatru kahate haiN| anya sabhI karma mohanIya karma ke adhIna haiM, moha ke binA jJAnAvaraNAdi samasta karma apanA-apanA kArya nahIM kara sakate haiM / 2 pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki jo mohita karatA hai yA jisake dvArA mohA jAtA hai, vaha mohanIya karma hai| yaha karma AtmA meM mUr3hatA utpanna kara detA hai| jisa prakAra madirApAna karane se manuSya kA viveka naSTa ho jAtA hai, use sva aura para kA samyagjJAna nahIM rahatA hai, heya-upAdeya, hitAhita ke viveka se rahita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra mohanIya karma ke udaya se tatva-atattva meM bheda karane meM jIva asamartha ho jAtA hai| jo mohita kare vaha mohanIya karma hai, to yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki dhatUrA, madirA aura bhAryA bhI to mohita karatI hai, isalie unheM bhI mohanIya kahanA cAhie ? yahA~ mohanIya nAmaka dravyakarma kA vivecana ho rahA hai, isalie dhatUrA Adi ko mohanIya kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / " mohanIya aura jJAnAvaraNa karma meM antara : akalaMkadeva ne mohanIya aura jJAnAvaraNa karma ko eka na mAnane kA kAraNa batalAte hue kahA hai ki mohanIya karma meM padArtha kA yathArtha jJAna rahane para bhI usakA viparIta jJAna hotA hai, kintu jJAnAvaraNa karma ke udaya se padArtha kA samyak athavA mithyA jJAna nahIM hotA 1. tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 11 / 12 / 2. dhavalA, 11111, sUtra 1, pR0 43 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 814, pR0 380 / 4. (ka) jaha majjapANamUDho loe puriso paravvaso hoi / taha moheNa-vimUDho jIvo u paravvaso hoi||-sthaanaaNg 2 / 4 / 105, TIkA / (kha) mdypaanvddhyopaadeyvicaarvikltaa| - dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, gAthA 33, pR0 38 / 5. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11 sU0 8, pR0 11 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 205 hai| mohanIyakarma kAraNa hai aura jJAnAvaraNa karma kArya hai| ataH inameM bIja aura aMkura kI taraha kAraNa-kArya kI apekSA se bheda hai|' __ mohanIya karma ke bheda : mohanIya karma do prakAra kA hotA hai2-(ka) darzana mohanIya, (kha) cAritra mohanIya / Apta yA AtmA, Agama aura padArthoM meM ruci yA zraddhA ko darzana kahate haiM aura darzana ko jo mohita karatA hai yA viparIta karatA hai, vaha darzana mohanIya karma hai| isa karma ke udaya se AtmA kA viveka madonmatta puruSa kI buddhi kI taraha naSTa ho jAtA hai| darzana mohanIya karma ke kAraNa jIva anAtmIya padArthoM ko AtmIya aura dharma ko adharma samajhane lagatA hai| kevalI, zruta, saMgha, dharma aura deva kA avarNavAda karane se5 arthAta unameM jo doSa nahIM haiM, una doSoM ko unameM kahane se aura satya mokSa mArga ko dUSita evaM asatya mokSa mArga ko satya batalAne se, darzana mohanIya karma kA Asrava hotA hai| yaha karma tIna prakAra kA hai-(ka) samyaktva, (kha) mithyAtva, (ga) smygmithyaatv| cAritramohanIya karma : mithyAtva, asaMyama aura kaSAya pApa kI kriyAe~ haiN| ina pAparUpa kriyAoM kI nivRtti ko jaina AcAryoM ne cAritra kahA hai| jo karma isa cAritra ko AcchAdita karatA hai arthAt mohita karatA hai, use cAritramohanIyakarma kahate haiN| isa karma ke udaya se AtmA kA cAritra guNa prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA hai| __cAritramohanIya karma ke bheda : (ka) kaSAya aura (kha) no-kaSAya kI apekSA cAritramohanIya karma do prakAra kA hai - 1. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 4 / 5, pR0 568 / 2. SaTkhaNDAgama, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sUtra 20 / 3. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sUtra 21, pR0 38 / 4. tathA darzanamohasya karmaNastUdayAdiha / ___ api yAvadanAtmIyamAtmIyaM manute kuTTak |-pNcaadhyaayii, 21990 / 5. tatvArthasUtra, 6.13 / 6. sarvArthasiddhi, 6 / 13, 50 331 / 7. tattvArthasAra, 4 / 28 / 8. paapkriyaanivRttishcaaritrm| taM mohei AvAredi tti cAritramohaNIyaM |-dhvlaa, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 22, 10 40 / 9. (ka) SaTkhaNDAgama, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sUtra 22 / (kha) uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 31 / 10 /

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206 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (ka) kaSAya vedanIya : svayaM meM kaSAya karane, dUsare meM kaSAya utpanna karane, tapasvI janoM ke cAritra meM dUSaNa lagAne, saMkleza paidA karane vAle liMga (veSa) aura vrata ko dhAraNa karane se kaSAya cAritra mohanIya karma kA Agamana hotA hai / ' kaSAya kA vivecana kaSAya mArgaNA meM vistRta rUpa se kiyA jA cukA hai / (kha) no-kaSAya vedanIya : no-kaSAya ko akaSAya arthAt ISat kaSAya bhI kahate haiN| no-kaSAya ke udaya se kaSAya uttejita hotI hai| hAsyAdi isake 9 bhedoM kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / no-kaSAya ke Asrava ke vividha kAraNoM kA ullekha sarvArthasiddhi tathA tattvArthavArtika meM kiyA gayA hai / 5. Ayu karma : kisI vivakSita zarIra meM jIva ke rahane kI avadhi ko Ayu kahate haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki jIva jisake dvArA nArakAdi yoniyoM meM jAtA hai, vaha Ayu karma hai| bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne bhI yahI kahA hai| isakI tulanA kArAgAra se kI gayI hai| jisa prakAra nyAyAdhIza aparAdhI ko niyata samaya ke lie kArAgRha meM DAla detA hai, aparAdhI kI icchA hone para bhI avadhipUrNa hone ke pahale vaha nahIM chUTatA hai, isI prakAra Ayu karma jIva ko vivakSita avadhi taka zarIra se mukta nahIM hone detA hai / " Ayu karma ke bheda : Ayu karma cAra prakAra kA hai-1. narakAyu, 2. tiryaMcaAyu, 3. manuSyAyu, aura 4. devAyu / 6 narakAyu ke Astrava ke kAraNa : bahuta parigraha rakhanA aura bahuta Arambha krnaa| tiryaJca Ayu ke Asrava ke kAraNa : mAyA isakA kAraNa hai| pUjyapAda ne bhI kahA hai ki dharmopadeza meM mithyA bAtoM ko milA kara pracAra karanA, zIla rahita jIvana-yApana karanA, maraNa ke samaya mIla-kapola lezyA evaM ArtadhyAna kA honA / __manuSyAyu ke Asrava ke kAraNa : alpa Arambha aura alpa parigraha tathA mRdu svabhAva se manuSyAyu karma kA baMdha hotA hai / 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 6 / 14, pR0 332 / 2. (ka) vahI / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 6 / 14 / 3, pR0 525 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 3, pR0 378 evaM 8 / 4, pR0 380 / 4. tattvArthasiddhi, 8 / 4 / 2, pR0 568 / 5. jIvassa avaTThANaM karedi AU halivva NaraM / - gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), gA0 11 / 6. tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 10 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 207 devAyu ke Asrava ke kAraNa : sarAgasaMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAmanirjarA, bAlatapa tathA samyaktva devAyu ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiM / zIla aura vrata rahita honA samasta Ayu ke baMdha ke kAraNa haiN|' 6 nAma karma : sarvArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAda ne nAma karma kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai ki jo AtmA ko namAtA hai yA jisake dvArA AtmA namatA hai, vaha nAma karma kahalAtA hai / 2 nAraka tiryaJca, manuSya aura devarUpa nAmakaraNa karanA, nAma karma kA svabhAva hai / kundakunda ne pravacanasAra meM kahA hai ki nAmakarma jIva ke zuddha svabhAva ko AcchAdita karake use manuSya, tiryaJca, nArakI athavA devarUpa karatA hai| gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jisa karma se jIva meM gati Adi ke bheda utpanna hoM, jo dehAdi kI bhinnatA kA kAraNa ho athavA jisake kAraNa gatyantara jaise pariNamana hoM, vaha nAma karma kahalAtA hai| nAma karma kI upamA citrakAra se dI gayI hai / jisa prakAra kuzala citrakAra apanI kalpanA se vibhinna prakAra ke citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAmakarma zarIra, saMsthAna, saMhanana, varNa Adi nAnA prakAra kI racanA karatA hai| nAma karma ke astitva kI siddhi : vIrasena ne karma kA svataMtra astitva siddha karate hue kahA hai ki kAraNa se hI kArya kI siddhi hotI hai| binA.kAraNa ke kArya kisI prakAra sambhava nahIM hai / zarIra, saMsthAna, varNa Adi aneka kArya sabhI jIvoM meM dikhalAI par3ate haiN| ye kArya jJAnAvaraNAdi anya karma ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakate haiM, kyoMki unakA aisA karanA svabhAva nahIM hai| jitane kArya haiM unake alaga-alaga kAraNabhUta karma bhI hone caahie| ataH zarIra, saMsthAna Adi ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM nAmakarma kA svatantra astitva siddha hotA hai| 1. tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 15-21 / 2. namayatyAtmAnaM namyate'neneti vA nAma--sarvArthasiddhi, 814, pR0 381 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 814, pR0 381 / 4. pravacanasAra, gA0 2 / 25 / 5. gommaTasAra (kamakANDa), gA0 12 / 6. (ka) nAnA minoti nirvatayatIti nAma |-dhvlaa, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 10, (kha) sthAnAMga, 2 / 4 / 105 TIkA, janadarzana sva0 vi0 10 472 meM uddhata / 7. dhavalA-(ka) 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 10, pR0 13 / (kha) vahI, 721, sUtra 19, pR0 70 /

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208 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra nAmakarma ke bheda : SaTkhaNDAgama meM nAma karma ke nimnAMkita bayAlIsa bheda batalAe gae haiM : 1. gati nAmakarma : isake narakAdi cAra bheda haiM / 2. jAti nAmakarma : jisa nAmakarma ke udaya se sAdRzyatA ke kAraNa jIvoM kA bodha hotA hai, use jAti nAmakarma kahate haiM / " ekendriyAdi isake pA~ca bheda haiM / 3. zarIra nAmakarma : audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra kA nirmANa karane vAlA karma, zarIra nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / 2 4. AMgopAMga nAma karma : jisake udaya se aMga aura upAMga kA bheda hotA hai, vaha aMgopAMga nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / isa karma ke udaya se hI aMga-do hAtha, do paira, nitamba, pITha, hRdaya aura mastaka tathA upAMga arthAt mUrdhA, kapAla, mastaka, lalATa, zaMkha, bhauMha, kAna, nAka, A~kha, akSikUTa, ThuDDhI (hanu), kapota, Upara aura nIce ke oSTha, cApa (sRkvaNI), tAlu, jIbha Adi kI racanA hotI hai / " 5. zarIra bandhana nAmakarma : pUrva meM gRhIta tathA vartamAna meM grahaNa kiye jAne vAle zarIra pudgaloM kA paraspara sambandha jisa karma ke udaya se hotA hai, vaha zarIra bandhana nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / zarIra kI taraha isake pA~ca bheda haiM / 6. saMghAta nAmakarma : alaga-alaga padArthoM kA eka rUpa honA saMghAta hai / jisa karma ke udaya se audArikAdi zarIroM kI saMracanA hotI hai, vaha saMghAta nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / " zarIra ke pA~ca bheda hone se saMghAta nAmakarma ke bhI pAMca bheda haiM / 6 7. zarIra saMsthAna nAmakarma : saMsthAna kA artha AkRti hai / jisa karma ke udaya se audArikAdi zarIroM kI vividha - trikoNa, catuSkoNa aura gola Adi AkRtiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai, use jaina AcAryoM ne saMsthAna kahA hai / isake chaha bheda hote haiM 1. dhavalA, 1/3/5/5, sU0 101, pR0 363 / 2. yadudayAdAtmanaH zarIranirvRttistaccharIranAma / - sarvArthasiddhi, 8111, pR0 389 / -- 3. yadudayAdaMgopAMgavivekastadaMgopAMganAma / - vahI, 8111, pR0 389 / 4. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11 sU0 28, pR0 54 / 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 11, pR0 390 / 6. SaTkhaNDAgama, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sUtra 33, pR0 70 / 1. saMsthAnamAkRtiH yadudayAdaudArikAdizarIrAkRtinirvRttirbhavati tatsaMsthAnanAma | sarvArthasiddhi, 5 / 24, evaM 8 / 11, pR0 390 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 209 (ka) samacaturastra saMsthAna : jisa karma ke udaya se Upara se nIce taka samakoNa kI taraha samAnupAtika aura sundara zarIra ke avayavoM kI racanA hotI hai, vaha samacaturasra saMsthAna kahalAtA hai| (kha) nyagrodha parimaNDala saMsthAna : jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra vaTa ke vRkSa kI taraha nIce sUkSma aura Upara bhArI (vizAla) hotA hai, use nyagrodha parimaNDala saMsthAna kahate haiN| (ga) svAti saMsthAna : jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra kI racanA svAti (valmIka yA zAlmalI vRkSa) kI taraha nAbhi se nIce vizAla aura Upara sUkSma hotI hai, use svAti saMsthAna kahate haiM / 2 (gha) kubja saMsthAna : jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra kubar3A bana jAtA hai, use kubja saMsthAna kahate haiM / (Ga) vAmana saMsthAna : jisa karma ke udaya se aMga-upAMga choTe aura zarIra bar3A hotA hai, usa baunI zarIra-racanA ko vAmana saMsthAna kahate haiN| (ca) huMDaka saMsthAna : viSama pASANa se bharI huI mazaka ke samAna viSama AkAra ko hu~Da kahate haiM / hu~Da ke samAna aMga-upAMgoM ko racanA jisa karma ke udaya se hotI hai, vaha hu~Daka saMsthAna kahalAtA hai|" 8-saMhanana nAmakarma : jisa karma ke udaya se asthibandha kI viziSTa racanA hotI hai, vaha saMhanana nAmakarma kahalAtA hai / saMhanana ke bheda : saMhanana nAmakarma ke nimnAMkita chaha bheda hote hai - (a) vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana : veSTana yA valaya ko RSabha kahate haiM / vajra ke samAna kaThora (abheda) hone ko vajra RSabha kahate haiM / vajra ke samAna nArAca (kIleM) honA vajra-nArAca hai / jisa karma ke udaya se vajramaya haDDiyAM vajramaya veSTana se veSTita aura vajramaya nArAca se kolita hoM, vaha vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana kahalAtA hai| 1. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 11, pR0 390 / 2. (ka) vahI, pR0 577 / (kha) dhavalA : 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 34, pR0 71 / 3. tattvAthavArtika, 8 / 11 / 8, pR0 577 / 4. vhii| 5. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 34, pR072 / 6. yadodayAdasthibandha vizeSo bhavati-- sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 11, 10 390 / 7. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 11, 9, pR0 577 / 14

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210 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (A) vajranArAca saMhanana : jisa karma ke udaya se asthibandhana vajraRSabha se rahita hotA hai, vaha vajranArAca saMhanana kahalAtA hai / (i) nArAca saMhanana : jisa karma ke udaya se kIloM aura haDDiyoM kI saMdhiyA~ vajra se rahita hoto haiM, use nArAca saMhanana kahate haiM / (I) ardhanArAca saMhanana : jisa karma ke udaya se haDDiyoM kI saMdhiyA~ eka tarapha nArAcayukta, dUsarI tarapha nArAcarahita hotI haiM, use ardhanArAca saMha kahate haiM / ( u ) kIlaka saMhanana : jisa karma ke udaya se donoM haDDiyoM ke choroM meM vajrarahita kIleM lagI hoM, use kIlaka saMhanana kahate haiM / (U) asaMprAptAspATikA saMhanana : yaha vaha saMhanana haiM, jisake udaya se bhItara haDDiyoM meM sarpa kI taraha paraspara baMdha nahIM hotA hai, sirpha bAhara se vaha sirA, snAyu, mAMsa Adi se lipaTa kara saMghaTita hotI haiM / 9. varNa nAmakarma : jisa nAmakarma ke udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM varNa nAmakarma ~ kI utpatti hotI hai, use varNa nAmakrama kahate haiM / ' aura zukla -- ye varNa nAmakarma ke pA~ca bheda haiM / kRSNa, nIla, lohita, hAridra 10. gaMdha nAmakarma : jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM pratiniyata gaMdha utpanna hotI hai, use gaMdha nAmakarma kahate haiM / isake do bheda haiM-surabhi gaMdha aura durabhi gaMdha | 11. rasa nAmakarma : jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM jAti pratiniyata tiktAdi rasa utpanna hotA hai, use rasa nAmakarma kahate haiM / isake pA~ca bheda haiM- tikta, kaTu, kaSAya, amla aura madhura / 12. sparza nAmakarma : isa karma ke udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM jAti pratiisa karma ke ATha bheda haiM-- karkaza, mRdu, guru, niyata sparza utpanna hotA hai / laghu, snigdha, rukSa, zIta, uSNa / 13. agurulaghu nAmakarma : isa karma ke udaya se jIva kA zarIra na to lohe ke piMDa ke samAna atyanta bhArI hotA hai aura na arka kI rUI ke samAna halkA hotA hai / " 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 11, pR0 390 / 2. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11 sU0 28, pR0 55 / 3. " 4. vahA / 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 11, pR0 391 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 211 14. upaghAta nAmakarma : svayaM prApta hone vAlA nAmakarma ghAta, upaghAta yA AtmaghAta kahalAtA hai| isa karma ke udaya se jIva apane vikRta avayavoM se pIr3A pAtA hai|' 15. paraghAta nAmakarma : dusare jIvoM ke ghAta ko paraghAta kahate haiM / paraghAta karma ke udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM para kA ghAta karane ke lie pudgala niSpanna hote haiM / jaise sapaM ke dADhoM meM viSa, siMhAdi ke pAsa dA~ta Adi / 16. AnupUrvI nAmakarma : isake udaya se pUrva zarIra kA AkAra naSTa nahIM hotA hai| 17. ucchvAsa nAmakarma : isa karma ke udaya se jIva ucchvAsa letA hai| 18. Atapa nAmakarma : jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra meM uSNa prakAza hotA hai, use Atapa nAmakarma kahate haiM / 5 19. udyota nAmakarma : jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM prakAza hotA hai, use udyota nAmakarma kahate haiN| jaise candrakAMtamaNi aura jugana meM hone vAlA prakAza / 20. vihAyogati nAmakarma : jisa karma ke udaya se bhUmi kA Azraya lekara yA binA Azraya ke jIvoM kA AkAza meM gamana hotA hai, use vihAyogati nAmakarma kahate haiM / prazasta vihAyogati aura aprazasta vihAyogati-ye do isa karma ke 21-30. trasa, sthAvara, sUkSma, bAdara, paryApta, aparyApta, sAdhAraNa, pratyeka, sthira aura asthira nAmakarma kA artha likhA jA cukA hai| 31. zubha nAmakarma : jisake udaya se prazasta aMgopAMga ho / 32. azubha nAmakarma : jisake udaya se aprazasta agopAMga ho / 33. subhaga nAmakarma : jisake udaya se anya prANI prIta kreN| 34. durbhaga nAmakarma : jisake udaya se guNoM se yukta jIva bhI anya ko priya nahIM lagatA hai| 1. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 28, pR0 59 / 2. vahI / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 8111, pR0 390 / 4. vahI, pR0 391 / 5. vhii| 6. vhii| 7. dhavalA, pu0 13, khaM0 5, bhA0 5, sU0 101, pR0 365 /

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212 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 35. susvara nAmakarma : isake udaya se jIva kA svara acchA hotA hai / 36. du:svara nAmakamaM : isake udaya se svara karkaza hotA hai / 37. Adeya nAmakarma : isa karma ke udaya se jIva AdaraNIya hotA hai / pUjyapAdAcArya ne prabhAyukta zarIra kA kAraNa Adeya nAmakarma ko kahA hai 1 38. anAdeya nAmakarma : isake udaya se acchA kArya karane para bhI gaurava prApta nahIM hotA hai / yaha niSprabha zarIra kA kAraNa hai / 39. yazaHkIti nAmakarma : isake udaya se jIva ko yaza milatA hai / 40. ayaza: koti nAmakarma : isake udaya se apayaza milatA hai / 41. nirmANa nAmakarma : isake udaya se aGgopAGga kA yathAsthAna nirmANa hotA hai / 42. tIrthaGkara nAmakarma jisa karma ke udaya se jIva triloka meM pUjA jAtA hai, use tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kahate haiM / isa karma se yukta jIva bAraha aMgoM kI racanA karatA hai / nAmakarma ke vistAra se 93 bheda aura 103 bheda hote haiM / nAmakarma kI nyUnatama sthiti 8 muhUrta aura utkRSTa 20 kroDAkroDI sAgaropama hai / 7. gotra karma : gotra, kula, vaMza aura saMtAna ko ghavalA meM ekArthavAcaka kahA gayA hai / jisa karma ke udaya se jIva U~ca-nIca kahalAtA hai, use gotra karma kahate haiM / " isa karma kI tulanA kumbhakAra se dI gayI hai| jisa prakAra kumbhakAra choTe-bar3e aneka prakAra ke ghar3e banAtA hai, usI prakAra gotra karma ke udaya se jIva U~ca evaM nIca kula meM utpanna hotA hai / isa karma ke do bheda haiM .. 9 10 1. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 11, pR0 392 / 3. vahI / 28, pR0 65 / 4. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sUtra 30, pR0 67 / 5. sarvArthasiddhi 8 / 11, pR0 392 / 6. gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa), gA0 22 | 7. dhavalA, 6 / 1 / 9-11, sU0 45, pR0 77 / 8. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 3 / 4, pR0 597 // 9. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, 33, pR0 93 / 10. tattvArtha sUtra, 8 / 12 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 213 (ka) ucca gotra : isake udaya se jIva pUjita kuloM meM janma letA hai| AtmanindA, paraprazaMsA, dUsaroM ke guNoM ko prakaTa karanA, utkRSTa guNa vAloM ke prati namratA Adi ucca gotra ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN|' (kha) nIca gotra : nidita kula meM janma lenA, nIca gotra kahalAtA hai / paranindA, Atma-prazaMsA, dUsaroM meM vidyamAna guNoM ko pragaTa na karanA aura apane meM asat guNoM ko kahanA, ye nIca gotra ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiM / 2 gotra karma kI jaghanya sthiti ATha muhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti bIsa koTAkoTI sAgaropama hai| 8. antarAya karma : jo karma vighna DAlatA hai, use antarAya karma kahate haiN| pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki dAnAdi pariNAma ke vyAghAta kA kAraNa hone se isa karma ko antarAya karma kahate haiM / yaha karma jIva ke guNoM meM bAdhA DAlatA hai / isa karma kI upamA rAjA ke bhaMDArI se do gayI hai / jisa prakAra rAjA kI AjJA hone para bhI bhaMDArI dAna dene meM bAdhA upasthita kara detA hai, usI prakAra isa karma ke udaya se dAnAdi meM avarodha (bAdhA) utpanna ho jAtA hai / dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya, upabhogAntarAya aura vIryAntarAya-ye isa karma ke pAMca bheda haiN| ghAtI-aghAtI kI apekSA se karma ke bheda : . uparyukta karmoM kA vargIkaraNa do bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai-ghAtI karma aura aghAtI krm| jo karma AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti, arthAt kevala-jJAna, kevala-darzana, anantavIrya, kSAyika-samyaktva, kSAyika-cAritra, kSAyika-dAna tathA kSAyopazamika guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM, naSTa karate haiM, ve ghAtI karma kahalAte haiM / " jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya-ye cAra ghAtI karma haiM / 6 (a) ghAtI karma ke bheda : ghAtI karma do prakAra ke haiM-sarvaghAtI karma aura dezaghAtI karma / 1. tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 26 / 2. vahI, 6 / 25 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 8113, pR0 394 / 4. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 7 / 5. dhavalA : pu0 7, khaM0 2, bhA0 1, sU0 15, pR0 62 / 6. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gAthA 9 / 7. tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 23 / 7 /

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214 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ___ sarvaghAtI karma : jo karma AtmA ke guNoM kA sampUrNa rUpa se vinAza karate haiM arthAt Atma-guNoM para AcchAdita hokara unheM kiMcit mAtra bhI vyakta nahIM hone dete haiM, ve karma sarvaghAtI karma kahalAte haiN|' dezaghAtI karma : jo karma AtmA ke guNoM ko aMza rUpa se AcchAdita karate hai, ve dezaghAtI karma kahalAte haiM / (A) aghAtI karma : ghAtI karma se viparIta svabhAva vAle karma aghAtI karma kahalAte haiM, arthAt udayAvasthA meM Ane ke bAvajUda jisa karma meM AtmA ke guNoM kA vinAza karane kI zakti nahIM hotI, vaha aghAtI karma kahalAtA hai| vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra karma-ye cAra karma aghAtI karma kahalAte haiN| ina cAroM ke bheda kI apekSA se aghAtI karma 101 prakAra ke hote haiN| zubha-azubha kI apekSA se karma ke bheda : __ Asrava zubha-azubha rUpa hotA hai, isalie isa dRSTi se kama do prakAra ke hote haiM-puNya-karma aura pApa-karma / zubhAsrava se baMdhane vAlA karma puNya-karma aura azubhAsrava se baMdhane vAlA karma pApa-karma kahalAtA hai|" puNya-karma : sAtAvedanIya, tIna Ayu (narakAyu ke alAvA), ucca gotra aura nAmakarma, arthAt manuSyagati, devagati, pacendriya jAti, pAMca zarIra, tInoM aMgopAMga, samacaturasra saMsthAna, prazasta vihAyogati, vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana, prazasta varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, manuSya gatyAnupUrvI, deva gatyAnupUrvI, aguru laghu, paraghAta, ucchvAsa, udyota, Atapa, trasacatuSka, sthira, zubha, subhaga, susvara, nirmANa, Adeya, yazaskIti, tIrthaMkara isa prakAra 42 karma-prakRtiyA~ puNya-karma haiM / 6 pApa-karma : umAsvAmI ne uparyukta ghAtI karmoM kA ullekha karake zeSa karmoM ko pApa-karma kahA hai| 1. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 39 evaM 180 / paJcasaMgraha, ( prA0 ), gA0 483 / 2. (ka) dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, gA0 34 / (kha) gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 40 / 3. paJcasaMgraha (prA0), 484 gAthA / 4. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 9 / 5. zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya-tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 3 / 6. vahI, 8 / 25 / 7. vahI, 8 / 26 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 215 (ga) karmavipAka-prakriyA aura Izvara : karma-svarUpa-vivecana ke bAda jijJAsA hotI hai ki zubha-azubha karmoM kA phala kisa prakAra milatA hai ? kyA karma svayaM phala pradAna karate haiM yA phala dene meM kisI sarvazaktimAn kI apekSA rakhate haiM ? uparyukta prazna kA uttara atyanta jaTila tathA dArzanika gutthiyoM meM ulajhA huA hai tathA vistRta vivecana kI apekSA rakhatA hai| karma-phala-prApti parokSa hone ke kAraNa vibhinna bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke vibhinna mata haiN| karma-vipAka-prakriyA prArambha karane ke pUrva karmavipAka kA svarUpa vicAraNIya hai / karmavipAka kA artha : 'vipAka' zabda vi + pAka ke mela se banA hai / 'vi' zabda ke viziSTa aura vividha donoM artha hote haiM / 'pAka' kA artha pakanA yA pacanA hotA hai| ataH viziSTa rUpa se karmoM ke pakane ko vipAka kahate haiN| karmoM meM kaSAyAdi ke anusAra sukha-duHkha rUpa aneka prakAra ke phala dene kI zakti kA honA vipAka kahalAtA hai| Agamika paribhASAvalI meM vipAka ko anubhava kahate haiM / 2 saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki udaya yA udIraNA ke dvArA karmaphaloM kA prApta honA vipAka hai / karma svayaM phala dete haiM : sAMkhya, mImAMsA tathA bauddha darzanoM kI taraha jaina dArzanika mAnate haiM ki karma svayaM phala pradAna karate haiN| ve apanA phala dene meM paratantra nahIM, balki svatantra haiM / jaina darzana ke siddhAntAnusAra baMdhe hue karma apanI sthiti samApta karake udayAvasthA meM Akara svayaM phala pradAna karate haiM / 3 pUjyapAda ne bhI kahA hai ki karma baMdha kara zIghra phala denA Arambha nahIM karate, apitu jisa prakAra bhojana turanta na pacakara jaTharAgni kI tIvratA aura maMdatA ke anusAra pacatA hai, usI prakAra karmoM kA vipAka kaSAyoM kI tIvratA yA maMdatA ke anusAra hotA hai| ataH karmoM kA phala denA usake kaSAya para hI nirbhara hai| yadi tIvra kaSAya-pUrvaka karmoM kA Asrava huA hai, to karma kucha samaya bAda zIghra hI atyadhika prabala rUpa se phala denA Arambha kara dete haiM aura maMda kaSAya pUrvaka karmoM ke baMdhane se karma kA vipAka dera se hotA hai / 1. viziSTa pAko nAnA vidho vA vipAka : / sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 21, pR0 398 / 2. vipAko anubhavaH / tattvArthasUtra, 8121; mUlAcAra : gA0 1240 / 3. (ka) kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0 319 / (kha) paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina dharma, pR0 146 / (ga) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), jIvatattvaprabodhinITIkA, gA0 8, pR0 29 / (gha) samayasAra, gA0 45 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 812, pR0 377 /

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216 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra yadi jIva ke karmoM kA bandha zubha pariNAmoM kI prakarSatA pUrvaka hotA hai, to zubha prakRtiyoM kA phala utkRSTa aura azubha prakRtiyoM kA phala nikRSTa milatA hai| isI prakAra azubha pariNAmoM kI prakarSatA meM baMdhe azubha karmoM kA phala utkRSTa aura zubha-karma-prakRtiyoM kA phala nikRSTa rUpa se milatA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki karmoM kA phala pradAna karanA bAhya sAmagrI para nirbhara karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karma dravya, kSetra aura kAla-bhAva ke anusAra hI phala dete haiM / yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki kyA karma phala diye binA bhI alaga hote haiM yA nahIM ? AcArya AzAdhara kahate haiM ki yadi udIyamAna karmoM ko anukUla sAmagrI nahIM milatI hai, to binA phala diye hI udaya hokara karma Atma-pradezoM se alaga ho jAte haiM / jisa prakAra daMDa-cakrAdi nimitta kAraNoM ke abhAva meM mAtra miTTI se ghar3A nahIM banatA, usI prakAra sahakArI kAraNoM ke abhAva meM karma bhI phala nahIM de sakate haiM / yahA~ eka prazna yaha bhI hotA hai ki kyA karma apanA sthitikAla pUrA hone para ho phala dete haiM yA sthitikAla pUrA hone ke pahale bhI phala de sakate haiM / isakA uttara yaha hai ki yadyapi karma sthitibandha (kAla) ke samApta hone para phala pradAna karate haiM, kintu jisa prakAra asamaya meM Ama Adi phaloM ko pAla Adi ke dvArA pakA kara rasa dene ke yogya kara diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra sthiti pUrI hone ke pahale tapazcaraNAdi ke dvArA karmoM ko pakA dene para ve akAla meM bhI phala denA Arambha kara dete haiM / ataH karma yathAkAla aura ayathAkAla rUpa se phala pradAna karate haiN| yahA~ dhyAtavya bAta yaha hai ki eka hI samaya meM baMdhe hue samasta karma eka hI samaya phala nahIM pradAna karate haiM, balki jisa krama se unakA udaya hogA, usI krama se hI ve phala pradAna kareMge / . yahA~ eka prazna yaha bhI hotA hai ki kyA eka karma dUsare karma kA phala de sakatA hai ? uparyukta prazna kA uttara dete hue pUjyapAda Adi AcArya kahate haiM ki jJAnAvaraNAdi AThoM karma apane nAma aura svabhAva ke anusAra hI phala dete haiN| ina 1. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 21, pR0 398 / (kha) kasAyapAhuDa, gA0 59 / 465 / 2. bhagavatIArAdhanA, (vijayodayATIkA), gA0 1170, pR0 1159 / 3. jJAnArNava, 35 / 26-7 / tattvArthazlokavArtika, 2153 / 2 / 4. sa yathA nAma / tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 22 /

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AtmA aura karma vipAka : 217 karmoM kA phala paraspara meM nahIM badala sakatA hai, arthAt jJAnAvaraNakarma udaya meM Akara jJAnazakti ko kuMThita karane rUpa hI phala degA / isa prakAra karma-phala kI prApti ko pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM 'svamukha' phala pradAna prakriyA kahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla karma prakRtiyoM kA phala svamukha rUpa hI prApta hotA hai / " dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pratyeka karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ svamukha aura paramukha donoM prakAra se phala detI haiM / tAtparya yaha ki eka hI karma ke bhedoM meM phala denA paraspara meM badala sakatA hai / jaise, sAtAvedanIya karma asAtAvedanIya rUpa se phala de sakatA hai / magara Ayu karma aura mohanIya karma paramukha rUpa se phala pradAna na karake sirpha svamukha rUpa se hI phala pradAna kara sakate haiM / manuSyAyu karma kA vipAka narakAyu rUpa nahIM ho sakatA / isI prakAra, darzanamohanIya karma cAritra - mohanIya rUpa se phala nahIM de sakatA hai / 2 prazna : karma phala dene ke bAda karma kahA~ rahate haiM ? kyA ve puna: udayAvasthA meM A kara phala de sakate haiM ? uttara : karma phala dene ke pazcAt Atma- pradezoM se cipake nahIM rahate haiM, balki eka kSaNa ke bAda zIghra hI AtmA se alaga ho jAte haiM / jisa prakAra pakA huA Ama DAla se gira kara puna: usameM nahIM laga sakatA hai, usI prakAra karma phala dene ke bAda tatkAla Atma-pradezoM se alaga ho jAte haiM, ataH ve punaH phala nahIM de sakate haiM / jo karma phala de cukate haiM, unakA kSaya ho jAtA hai tathA ve karma-paramANu AtmA se vilaga hokara aura karma-paryAya chor3a kara anya akarmarUpa paryAya meM parivartita ho jAte haiM / karmoM kA koI phaladAtA nahIM hai : karma-phala kI prApti ke viSaya meM nyAya-vaizeSika, zaMkarAcArya, rAmAnujAcArya Adi vaidika manISiyoM ke atirikta islAma aura IsAI dharma ke vidvAnoM kI bhI yahI vicAradhArA hai ki karma svayaM phala nahIM detA hai, kyoMki vaha acetana hai / apanA phala dene ke lie karma acintanIya zakti ke adhIna hai / jisa prakAra niSpakSa, sarvatantra svatantra nyAyAdhIza nirNaya karake doSI ko daMDa detA hai, usI prakAra karmoM kA phala dene vAlA sarvazaktimAn Izvara hai / vahI jIvoM ko unake zubha-azubha karmoM ke anusAra phala detA hai / kahA bhI gayA hai 'Izvara dvArA prerita 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 821 / 2. (ka) paJcasaMgraha (prA0 ), 4 / 449-50 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 21 / 1 / 3. tatazca nirjarA / tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 23 //

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218 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra jIva svarga yA naraka meM jAtA hai, Izvara kI sahAyatA ke binA koI bhI jIva sukhaduHkha pAne meM samartha nahIM hai' / ' bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai / IzvaravAdiyoM ne Izvara kA mahatva bar3hAne ke lie use karmavidhAtA mAnA hai / magara bauddha Adi anIzvaravAdI dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina dArzanikoM ko uparyukta siddhAnta mAnya nahIM hai, arthAt ve yaha nahIM mAnate ki zubha-azubha karmoM kA phaladAtA Izvara hai / jaisA ki likhA jA cukA hai ki IzvaravAdiyoM ke yahA~ jisa kArya ke lie Izvara kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, usa rUpa meM karma ko hI jaina darzana meM Izvara kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usI ke anusAra jIva vibhinna yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki mukta jIva hI sukhAdi ananta catuSTayoM se yukta aura kRtakRtya hotA hai, isalie mukta jIva hI jaina siddhAnta meM Izvara kahalAtA hai / kahA bhI hai : "kevalajJAnAdi guNa rUpa aizvarya se yukta hone ke kAraNa devendra Adi jisake pada kI abhilASA aura jisakI AjJA kA pAlana karate haiM, vaha paramAtmA Izvara hotA hai"|" ataH jainoM kI Izvara-viSayaka avadhAraNA nyAyavaizeSika Adi darzanoM kI Izvara-viSayaka avadhAraNA se bhinna hai / Izvara karmaphala kA pradAtA nahIM hai, kyoMki isa prakAra kI mAnyatA nimnAMkita doSoM se dUSita hai : (1) yadi Izvara ko pUrva-janma ke karmoM ke zubha-azubha phala kA pradAtA mAnA jAe, to jIva ke dvArA kiye gaye sabhI karma vyartha ho jaaegeN| (2) yadi Izvara jIvoM ko karmaphala pradAna karane ke lie unake pApa-puNya ke anusAra sRSTi karatA hai, to Izvara ko svatantra kahanA vyartha ho jAegA; kyoMki Izvara karmaphala dene meM adRSTa kI sahAyatA letA hai| ataH jIvoM ko apane adRSTa ke udaya se hI sukha-duHkha aura sAdhana upalabdha hote haiN| isalie isa viSaya meM Izvara kI icchA vyartha hai / 1. syAdvAdamaJjarI : malliSeNa, zloka 6, pR0 30 / 2. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4 / 4 / 24 / 3. paramAtmaprakAza, gA0 1 // 66 / 4. jJAnArNava, 2117 / 5. paJcasaMgraha, gAthA 14, pR0 47 / 6. svayaM kRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA, phalaM tadIyam labhate zubhAzubham / __ pareNa dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTam, svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakaM tadA // -amitagati : zrAvakAcAra / 7. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA, kA0 46, pR0 182-83 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 219 (3) adRSTa ke acetana hone se vaha kisI buddhimAna kI preraNA se hI phala de sakatA hai, yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, anyathA hama logoM kI preraNA se bhI adRSTa ko phala denA cAhie / ataH Izvara ko preraNA se adRSTa ko phala dene kI bAta mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai|' adRSTa kisI dUsare kI preraNA ke binA apanI yogyatA dvArA hI jIvoM ko sukha-duHkha pahu~cAtA hai| Izvara ko jIvoM ke adaSTa kA kartA mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jIva svayaM apane puNya-pApa Adi karmoM kA kartA hai| (4) jIva Izvara kI preraNA se zubha-azubha kAryoM meM pravRtta hotA hai, yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jIva pUrvopArjita puNya-pApa karmoM ke udaya hone para, zubha-azubha pariNAmoM ke anusAra hI kArya meM pravRtta hotA hai / 2 (5) Izvara ko karmoM kA phaladAtA mAnanA isalie bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki aisA mAnane se use kumbhakAra kI taraha kA mAnanA pdd'egaa| kumbhakAra zarIrI hotA hai, magara Izvara azarIrI hai, vaha kisI ko dikhalAI nahIM detA hai / ataH mukta jIva kI taraha azarIrI Izvara jIvoM ke karma phaloM kA dAtA kaise ho sakatA hai / ataeva siddha hai ki Izvara karmoM kA phaladAtA nahIM hai| (6) Izvara ko zubha-azubha karmoM kA phaladAtA mAnane para kisI bhI nindanIya kArya kA daNDa kisI bhI jIva ko nahIM milanA cAhie, kyoMki vaise kAryoM ke lie Izvara ne una jIvoM ko prerita kiyA hai| magara jIvoM ko hatyA Adi aparAdha kA daNDa milatA hai| isase siddha hai ki Izvara zubha-azubha karmoM kA phaladAtA nahIM hai| isake atirikta, Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA, hartA, sarvajJa, nitya, eka, aizvaryavAn mAnanA bhI nirarthaka hI hai| ___ ataH siddha hai ki Izvara karma-phala kA dAtA nahIM hai / karma svayaM phala dete haiN| 2. karma aura punarjanma-prakriyA (ka) punarjanma kA artha evaM svarUpa : bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa kA avalokana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki 1. asmadAdInAmapi... / tatastat parikalpanaM vyarthameva syAt / -vizvatattvaprakAza : bhAvasena vidya, pR0 56 / 2. vahI, pR0 56 / 3. aSTasahasrI : vidyAnandI, pR0 271 / 4. vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya :-prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 265-84 / nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 1, pR0 97-109 / amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 4 / 7784 / mahApurANa, 4 / 22 / SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TI0, pR0 167-187 / AptaparIkSA, kA0 9 / 42 /

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220 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI dArzanikoM ne karmavAda kI taraha punarjanma siddhAnta ko mahatvapUrNa mAnakara usakI vyAkhyA kI hai| sabhI bhAratIya ciMtaka isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki apane kiye gaye zubha-azubha karmoM kA phala samasta prANiyoM ko bhoganA hI par3atA hai|' kucha karma isa prakAra ke hote haiM, jinakA isI janma meM phala mila jAtA hai aura kucha isa prakAra ke hote haiM, jinakA phala isa janma meM nahIM milatA hai| jina karmoM kA isa janma meM phala nahIM milatA hai unako bhogane ke lie karmasaMyukta jIva pUrvavartI sthUlazarIra ko chor3akara navIna zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| isa prakAra pahale ke zarIra ko chor3akara uttaravartI zarIra dhAraNa karanA-punarjanma kahalAtA hai / 2 punarjanma ko paryAya-badalanA, punarbhava, janmAntara, pretyabhAva aura paraloka Adi bhI kahate haiM / yahA~ para dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki jo AtmA pUrva paryAya meM hotI hai, bahI uttara paryAya meM hotI hai| AtmA kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai, balki zarIra kA hI vinAza hotA hai| mRtyu kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki AtmA naSTa ho jAtI hai, balki isakA artha sthUlazarIra kA vinAza hai| ataH jisa prakAra manuSya phaTepurAne kapar3e ko chor3akara naye vastra ko dhAraNa kara letA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI purAne zarIra ko chor3akara navIna zarIra ko dhAraNa kara letA hai / yahI AtmA kA punarjanma kahalAtA hai|" punarjanma-vicAra para AkSepa aura parihAra-cArvAka kI bhA~ti yahUdI, IsAI evaM islAma dharma bhI punarjanma meM vizvAsa nahIM karate haiN| ye sampradAya 1. nAmukta kSIyate karma kalpakoTizatairapi / karmavAda aura janmAntara, anuvAdaka lallI prasAda pAMDeya, pR0 24 / 2. jAtazcaiva mRtazcaiva janmazca punaH punaH / punazcajanmAntarakarmayogAt sa eva jIvaH svapiti prabuddhaH |-kaivlyopnissd, pR0 1 / 14 / 3. (ka) pretyAmutra bhvaantre| - amarakoSa, 3 / 4 / 8 / (kha) mRtvA punarbhavanaM pretyabhAvaH / -aSTasahastrI, pR0 165 / (ga) pretyabhAvaH paralokaH / -vahI, pR0 88 / (gha) pretyabhAvo janmAntara lakSaNaH / -vahI, pR0 181 / (Ga) punarutpattiH pretyabhAvaH / -nyAyasUtra, 1 / 1 / 19 / 4. maNusattaNeNa NaTTho dehI devo havedi idaro vA / ubhayatta jIvabhAvo Na Nassadi Na jAyade aNNo / -paJcAstikAya, gA0 17 / 5. gItA, 2 / 22 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 221 ekajanmavAdI kahalAte haiN| ina sampradAyoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki mRtyu ke bAda AtmA naSTa nahIM hotI hai, vaha nyAya ke dina taka pratIkSA meM rahatI hai aura nyAya ke dina tatsambandhI devatA dvArA unheM unake karmoM ke anusAra svarga yA naraka bheja dete haiN| punarjanma para ekajanmavAdiyoM ne aneka AkSepa kiye haiM, AkSepoM kA punarjanmavAdiyoM ne nirAkaraNa kiyA hai, jo vibhinna granthoM meM upalabdha haiN| saMkSepa meM una para vicAra karanA tarkasaMgata hogA 1. punarjanma ke virodhI isa siddhAnta ko bhrAntamUlaka mAnate haiM tathA andhavizvAsa kahakara punarjanma-sambandhI vicAra kA parihAsa karate haiM / isa viSaya meM unakA tarka hai ki yadi punarjanma satya tathA yathArtha siddhAnta hotA to pUrvajanma kI anubhUtiyoM kA smaraNa samasta jIvoM ko usI prakAra honA cAhie, jisa prakAra bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA kI smRti vRddhAvasthA meM hotI hai| isa AkSepa kA parihAra yaha kiyA gayA hai ki smRti-zakti kA sambandha hamAre dimAga se hai| vaha mastiSka naSTa ho jAtA hai, isalie smRti nahIM hotI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pUrvajanma ke saMskAra sUkSma rUpa meM AtmA ke sAtha nihita hote haiM, jo avasara pAkara ubuddha ho jAte haiN| ataH yadyapi pUrvajanma kI sampUrNa smRti eka sAtha nahIM hotI, magara tatsambandhI kAraNa sAmagrI milane para smRti ho hI jAtI hai / tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki punarjanma kI smRti hone kA kAraNa karmajanita phala hai / sabhI prANiyoM ke karma samAna na ho kara vicitra hote haiM, isalie samasta prANiyoM ko punarjanma kI smRti nahIM hotI hai / isake atirikta lokavyavahAra meM bhI yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki eka ghaTanA ko eka hI sthAna para bahuta se vyakti dekhate sunate haiM, lekina anubhUta ghaTanA kI sabako eka taraha kI smRti nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra sabhI ko punarjanma kI smRti nahIM hotI hai / punarjanma andhavizvAsa nahIM hai : pro0 sTIveMsana kA mata-punarjanma siddhAMta andhavizvAsa nahIM, balki satya aura yathArtha siddhAnta hai| isa viSaya meM varjIniyA vizvavidyAlaya, amerikA ke cikitsA vijJAna-vibhAga ke prophesara 1. pro0 harendraprasAda sinhA : bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 91 / 2. karmavAda aura janmAntara : hIrendranAtha datta, pR0 316 / 3. zAstravArtAsamuccaya : haribhadra, 1140 / 4. loke'pi naikataH sthAnAdAgatAnAM tathekSyate / avizeSeNa sarveSAmanubhUtArthasaMsmRtiH / / -vahI, 1141 / ,

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222 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hayAna sTIveMsana ne kahA thA ki punarjanma ko andhavizvAsa kI saMjJA dekara usakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| isa para gambhIra anusandhAna honA cAhie / pro0 sTIveMsana ne batAyA ki mujhe kaI aise mAmale dekhane ko mile, jinameM vyakti unhIM bImAriyoM se grasta dikhAI diye, jo unheM pUrvajIvana meM thiiN| unhoMne batAyA ki bhArata meM baccoM ko bahudhA apane pUrvajovana kI bAteM yAda rahatI haiM, kyoMki unheM pUrvajIvana kI bAteM batAne se rokA nahIM jaataa| bauddha dezoM meM bhI pUrvajanma kI bahuta upayogI ghaTanAe~ dekhane ko milatI haiN| ina dezoM meM adhika byaurA diye jAne se punarjanma kI ghaTanAoM kI AsAnI se chAnabIna kI jA sakatI hai / kaI mAmaloM meM punarjanmita baccoM meM bhaya aura bhAvukatA kI bhAvanA adhika dikhAI detI hai| kucha jJAta mAmaloM meM sabhI punarjanmita apane pUrvajIvana kI bAteM nahIM bhale the, lekina unakI smRti itanI dhUmila thI ki ve anusandhAna meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sakate the / punarjanma ke dAve kI adhikAMza ghaTanAoM meM prophesara sTIveMsana ko yaha dekhane ko milA ki pUrvajIvana meM unheM kisI na kisI durghaTanA yA hiMsA kA zikAra honA par3A thaa| aise vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu kA kAraNa AgneyAstra dekhakara yA usakI AvAja sunakara yA bijalI girane meM dekhA gayA hai- DaoN0 sTIveMsana kA * kahanA hai ki isase isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana hotA hai ki punarjanma lene vAle apane pUrva pApoM kA prAyazcitta karate haiN| pro0 sTIveMsana ne barmA, thAIlaiMDa, lebanAna, turkI, sIriyA, zrIlaMkA tathA kaI yUropIya dezoM meM punarjanma kI ghaTanAoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai aura unakA vizvAsa hai ki punarjanma ke siddhAnta ke khaNDana kA puSTa AdhAra nahIM hai / bhArata meM unhoMne 20 mAmaloM kA adhyayana kiyA, unameM pUrvajIvana ke sAta parivAra dekhe aura pUrvajanma kI puSTi kii| pro0 sTIveMsana kA kahanA hai ki punarjanma kA mAmalA dekhate hI baccoM se choTI umra meM hI pUchatAcha karanI cAhie, kyoMki 5-6 varSa ke hone para ve pUrvajIvana kI bAteM bhUlane lagate haiN| 2. punarjanma-siddhAnta kI dUsarI samIkSA meM kahA jAtA hai ki punarjanma siddhAnta vaMza-paramparA kA virodhI hai| kyoMki vaMza-paramparA siddhAntAnusAra prANiyoM kA mana tathA zarIra apane mAtA-pitA ke anurUpa hotA hai / isa AkSepa kA parihAra yaha kiyA gayA hai ki yadi pUrvajanma ke karmoM kA phala na 1. dainika 'Aja', 24 aktUbara, 1972, pR0 7, kAlama 4 / / 2. dainika Aja, 24 aktUbara, 1972, pR0 2, kAlama 6 / /

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AtmA aura karma vipAka : 223 vyAkhyA kI jAe to una guNoM kA mAnava mAnakara vaMza-paramparA - siddhAnta ke AdhAra para manuSya kI isakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki jo guNa pUrvajoM meM nahIM the, meM abhAva mAnanA par3egA / magara aisA nahIM hotA hai / prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki jo guNa pUrvajoM meM nahIM the, ve guNa bhI manuSya meM hote haiM / ataH vaMza-paramparAsiddhAnta ke AdhAra para isa prakAra ke guNoM kI vyAkhyA karanI kaThina ho jAyegI / 3. isa siddhAnta ke viruddha tIsarA tarka yaha diyA jAtA hai ki punarjanmasiddhAnta se manuSya pAralaukika jagat ke prati cintita ho jAtA hai / isa AkSepa ko nirAdhAra kahate hue punarjanma - siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karane vAloM ne kahA hai ki yaha siddhAnta mAnava ko dUsare janma ke prati anurAga rakhanA nahIM sikhAtA hai| 4. punarjanma - siddhAnta virodhiyoM kA eka AkSepa yaha bhI hai ki punarjanmasiddhAnta avaijJAnika hai, kyoMki yaha siddhAnta kahatA hai ki vartamAna jIvana ke karmoM kA phala dUsare janma meM bhoganA par3atA hai jisakA artha yaha huA ki devadatta ke karmaphaloM ko yajJadatta ko bhoganA par3egA / anya AkSepoM kI taraha yaha AkSepa bhI nirAdhAra evaM atarka-saMgata hai, kyoMki jisa AtmA ne isa jIvana meM karma kiye haiM, vahI AtmA janmAntaroM meM apane karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai / yaha AkSepa to taba tarkasaMgata mAnA jAtA, jaba isa janma kI AtmA aura bhaviSyatkAla ke janma kI AtmA alaga-alaga hoto, lekina AtmA kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai, usakI kevala paryAya hI badalatI hai / ataH uparyukta AkSepa ThIka nahIM / isa prakAra siddha hai ki punarjanma - siddhAnta yathArtha, yuktiyukta aura nirdoSa hai / (kha) punarjanma - prakriyA : punarjanma vizvavyApaka tathA bhAratIya cintakoM kA eka pramukha vivecya viSaya hai / yaha punarjanma - astitva kI siddhi se spaSTa hai / bar3e-bar3e maharSiyoM, muniyoM, dArzanikoM, dhArmikoM tathA prakhara tArkikoM ne isa siddhAnta para gambhIratApUrvaka cintana kara apane-apane DhaMga se isakI vyAkhyA kI hai / bhAratIya sAhitya kA anuzIlana karane para hama pAte haiM ki sabhI ne AtmA ko nitya mAna kara use zubha-azubha karmaphaloM kA karttA tathA bhoktA mAnA hai / jaina dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki AtmA 1. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA : pro0 harendraprasAda sinhA, pR0 25 / 2 . vahI, pR0 25 / 3. paMcAstikAya, gA0 17-18 /

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224 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra anAdikAla se karma ke sAtha saMyukta hone se azuddha hai / isa azuddhatA ke kAraNa AtmA vibhinna yoniyoM yathA UMcI-nIcI gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatA hai / ' AtmA jo bhI karma karatA hai, una karmoM kA phala to usako bhoganA hI par3atA hai, cAhe isa janma meM bhoge yA punarjanma meM / kyoMki karma binA phala diye vinaSTa nahIM hote haiM / karma AtmA kA taba taka pIchA nahIM chor3ate, jaba taka jIva ko apane phala kA bhoga na karA deM / ataH sabhI adhyAtmavAdiyoM ne karma ko AtmA ke punarjanma kA kAraNa mAna kara usakI apane-apane DhaMga se vyAkhyA kI hai / isa prakAra rAga-dveSa ko nyAyadarzana ke anusAra zubha-azubha karma karane se isake saMskAra AtmA meM par3a jAte haiM / vaizeSikoM ne punarjanma kI prakriyA kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki rAga aura dveSa se dharma aura adharma (puNya-pApa) kI pravRtti hotI hai / kI pravRtti sukha-duHkha ko utpanna karatI hai tathA ye sukha-duHkha jIva ke utpanna karate haiM / isa prakAra janma-maraNa kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| paM0 raMganAtha pAThaka ne bhI likhA hai - jaba taka dharmAdharmarUpa pravRttijanya saMskAra banA rahegA, taba taka karmaphala bhogane ke lie zarIra grahaNa karanA Avazyaka rahatA hai | zarIragrahaNa karane para pratikUla vedanIya hone ke kAraNa bAdhanAtmaka duHkha kA honA anivArya rahatA hai / mithyAjJAna se duHkhaparyanta avicchedana nirantara pravartamAna hotA hai, yahI saMsAra zabda kA vAcya hai / yaha ghar3I kI taraha nirantara anuvRtta hotA rahatA hai / pravRtti hI punaH AvRtti kA kAraNa hotI hai| maharSi gautama ke sUtra se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki mithyAjJAna se rAga-dveSa Adi doSa utpanna hote haiM / ina doSoM se pravRtti hotI hai tathA pravRtti se janma aura janma se duHkha hotA hai / " nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA siddhAnta hai ki AtmA vyApaka hai / dharmAdharma pravRttijanya saMskAra mana meM nihita hote haiM, ataH jaba taka AtmA kA mana ke sAtha sambandha rahatA hai taba taka AtmA kA punarjanma hotA rahatA hai / ataH punarjanma kA pramukha kAraNa AtmA aura mana kA sambandha hai / ema0 hiriyannA ne kahA hai, 'AtmA saMsArasamAvaNNo Na 1. so savvaNANadarisI kammaraeNa NiyeNavacchaNNo / vijagadi savvado savvaM / samayasAra, gA0 160 / 2. yathA dhenusahasreSu vatso vindati mAtaram / tathA pUrvakRtaM karma kartAramanugacchati // -- - mahAbhArata zAntiparva, 181 / 16 / 3. (ka) icchAdveSapUrvikA dharmAdharmayoH pravRttiH - vaizeSikasUtra, 6 / 2 / 14 / (kha) ema0 hiriyannA : bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 262 / 4. SaDdarzana rahasya, pR0 135 / 5. duHkhajanmapravRttidoSa mithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye / nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 2 / ,

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 225 ke sAMsArika bandhana meM par3ane kA mUlakAraNa nizcaya hI usakA manas se sambandha honA hai|' sAMkhya-yoga darzana meM bhI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jIva apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa aneka yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatA hai| sAMkhya-yoga cintakoM kA siddhAnta hai ki zubhAzubha karma sthUla zarIra ke dvArA kiye jAte haiM, lekina vaha una karmoM ke saMskAroM kA adhiSThAtA nahIM hai / zubhAzubha karmoM ke adhiSThAtA ke lie sthUla zarIra se bhinna sUkSma zarIra kI kalpanA kI gayI hai / 3 pAMca karmendriya, pAMca jJAnendriya, pAMca tanmAtrAoM, buddhi evaM ahaMkAra se sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| mRtyu hone para sthUla zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai, kintu sUkSma zarIra vartamAna rahatA hai / isa sUkSma zarIra ko AtmA kA liMga bhI kahate haiM, jo pratyeka saMsArI puruSa ke sAtha rahatA hai| yahI sUkSma zarIra punarjanma kA AdhAra hai| IzvarakRSNa ne sAMkhyakArikA meM kahA bhI hai-'saMsarati nirupabhogaM bhAvaradhivAsitaM linggm|' isa kArikA para bhASya karate hue vAcaspati mizra ne kahA hai ki 'liMga zarIra bAra-bAra sthUla zarIra ko grahaNa karatA hai aura pUrvagRhIta zarIroM ko chor3atA rahatA hai, isI kA nAma saMsaraNa hai|' mRtyu hone para sUkSma zarIra kA nAza nahIM hotA hai, apitu AtmA purAne sthUla zarIra ko chor3a kara navIna sthUla zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| saMsAra meM AtmA (puruSa) ke aneka yoniyoM meM bhaTakane kA kAraNa sUkSma zarIra hI hai| jaba taka puruSa (AtmA) kA sUkSma zarIra vinaSTa nahIM hotA hai, taba taka usakA saMsAra meM gamanAgamana hotA rahatA hai / pUrva janma ke anubhava aura karma ke saMskAra liGga zarIra (sUkSma zarIra) meM nihita rahate haiM / liGga zarIra ke nimitta se puruSa kA prakRti ke sAtha samparka hone para janma-maraNa kA cakra Arambha ho jAtA hai| sAMkhyakArikA meM kahA bhI hai : puruSArthahetukamidaM nimittanaimittika prasaGgena / prakRtevibhutvayogAnnaTavat vyavatiSThate liGgam // " - - 1. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 230-31 / draSTavya-bandhanimittaM manaH-nyAyamaMjarI, pR0 499 / 2. sAMkhyasUtra, 6 / 41 / 3. sAMkhyasUtra, 6 / 16 / 4. sAMkhyasUtra, pravacana bhASya, 6 / 9 / 5. sAMkhyakArikA, 40 / 6. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 291 / 7. sAMkhyakArikA, 42 /

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226 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra isa para bhASya karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra raMgasthala para eka hI vyakti kabhI parazurAma, kabhI ajAtazatru aura kabhI vatsarAja ke rUpa meM darzakoM ko dikhalAI par3atA hai, usI prakAra liGga yA sUkSma zarIra bhinna-bhinna zarIra grahaNa karake devatA, manuSya, pazu yA vanaspati ke rUpa meM pratibhAsita hotA hai / bhoga kA eka mAtra sAdhana yahI liGga zarIra hai / sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA vyApaka hone ke kAraNa usa kA sthAna parivartana nahIM ho sakatA hai, isalie AtmA kA punarjanma kisa prakAra hogA ? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie sAMkhyoM ko isa sUkSma zarIra kI kalpanA karanA anivArya ho gayA thA / nyAyavaizeSikoM ne bhI isa prazna kA samAdhAna aNurUpa mana ko mAna kara kiyA hai / nyAyavaizeSikoM kI taraha sAMkhya dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki AtmA ( puruSa ) kA punarjanma nahIM hotA hai, balki liGga zarIra (sUkSma zarIra ) kA hI punarjanma hotA hai / " AtmA ke mukta ho jAne para vaha usase alaga ho jAtA hai / mImAMsA darzana meM nyAya-vaizeSika kI taraha mana ko punarjanma kA kAraNa mAna kara punarjanma siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai aura vedAnta darzana meM sAMkhyoM kI taraha sUkSma zarIra kI kalpanA karake punarjanma kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / bauddha darzana yadyapi anAtmavAdI darzana kahalAtA hai, lekina anya bhAratIya AtmavAdiyoM kI taraha yaha darzana bhI karma aura punarjanma siddhAntoM meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura unakI tArkika vyAkhyA karatA hai / pAli-tripiTaka kA anuzIlana karane para parilakSita hotA hai ki anya karmavAdiyoM kI taraha bhagavAn buddha ne bhI karma ko punarjanma kA kAraNa mAnA hai / unake vacanAmRtoM ke anusAra kuzala (zubha) karma sugati kA aura akuzala karma durgati kA kAraNa hai / 3 pratItyasamutpAda siddhAnta jise bhavacakra kahate haiM, punarjanma kI sampUrNa vyAkhyA karatA hai / isa siddhAntAnusAra avidyA aura saMskAra hI hamAre punarjanma ke kAraNa haiM / bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai - "he bhikSuoM, cAra AryasatyoM ke prativedya na hone se isa prakAra dIrghakAla se merA aura tumhArA yaha AvAgamana, saMsaraNa ho rahA hai....4 / " isa kathana se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki punarjanma kA mUla kAraNa 1. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 291 / 2. kammA vipAkA vattanti vipAko kamma sambhavo / kammA punabbhavo hoti evaM loko pavattatIti // - bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR0 478 meM uddhRta / 3. majjhimanikAya, 31415 / 4. dIrghanikAya, 2|3 |

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 227 avidyA hai| avidyA kA artha hai, ajJAna / avAstavika ko vAstavika samajhanA, anAtma ko Atma mAnanA, avidyA hai / avidyA ke kAraNa saMskAra hote haiN| saMskAra mAnasika vAsanA bhI kahalAte haiM / saMskAra se vijJAna utpanna hotA hai| vijJAna vaha cittadhArA hai, jo pUrvajanma meM kuzala yA akuzala karmoM ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai aura jisake kAraNa meM manuSya ko AMkha, kAna Adi viSayaka anubhUti hotI hai|' vijJAna ke kAraNa nAmarUpa utpanna hotA hai| rUpa ko nAma aura vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ko rUpa kahate haiM / mana aura zarIra ke samUha ke lie nAma-rUpa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / nAma-rUpa SaDAyatana ko utpanna karatA hai| pAMca indriyAM aura mana SaDAyatana kahalAte haiM / SaDAyatana sparza kA kAraNa hai / indriya aura viSayoM kA saMyoga sparza hai / sparza ke kAraNa vedanA utpanna hotI hai / pUrva indriyAnubhUti vedanA kahalAtI hai / vedanA tRSNA ko utpanna karatI hai| viSayoM ke bhogane kI lAlasA tRSNA kahalAtI hai| tRSNA upAdAna ko utpanna karatA hai| sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati Asakta rahane kI lAlasA upAdAna hai / upAdAna bhava kA kAraNa hai / bhava kA artha hai, janmagrahaNa karane kI pravRtti / bhava jAti (punarjanma) kA kAraNa hai aura jAti se ho jarA-maraNa hotA hai / isa prakAra yaha punarjanma kA cakra calatA rahatA hai / avidyA aura tRSNAyahI punarjanma-cakra ke mukhya cakke haiM / bauddhadarzana meM punarjanma kI yahI prakriyA hai / 2 avidyA ke naSTa ho jAne para punarjanma honA ruka jAtA hai / bauddha dharma-darzana meM yaha samasyA uThatI hai ki punarjanma kisakA hotA hai ? kyoMki isa mata meM AtmA, saMskAra saba kucha anitya hai| uparyukta samasyA kA samAdhAna pratItyasamutpAda siddhAnta ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai ki anya punarjanmavAdiyoM kI taraha jIvana kA vinAza honA hI punarjanma nahIM hai, balki prANiyoM kA jIvana kSaNa mAtra hone ke kAraNa pratikSaNa usakA punarjanma hotA rahatA hai / eka dIpaka se dUsarA dIpaka jalAne kA artha yahI hai ki jyotiyoM kI eka nayI santAna Arambha ho gayI hai, isI prakAra mRtyu ke bAda mRtavyakti kA janma nahIM hotA hai, balki usI saMskAra vAlA dUsarA kSaNa (vyakti) janma le letA hai / milindaprazna meM nAgasena ne uparyukta samasyA kA samAdhAna usI prakAra se kiyA hai jisa prakAra sAMkhya Adi dArzanikoM ne sUkSma zarIra kI kalpanA karake aura usakA punarjanma mAna kara kiyA 1. bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR0 395 / 2. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, 10.150 / / 3. (ka) bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR0 482 / (kha) abhidhammatthasaMgaho kA hindI anuvAda, pR0 16 / ..

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228 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra thA / nAgasena ke anusAra nAma-rUpa kA punarjanma hotA hai| rAjA milinda ne nAgasena se pUchA ki kauna utpanna hotA hai ? kyA vaha vahI rahatA hai yA anya ho jAtA hai ? nAgasena ne vistRta saMvAda ke bAda batalAyA ki na to vahI utpanna hotA hai aura na anya, balki dharmoM ke lagAtAra pravAha se, unake saMghAta rUpa meM A jAne se eka utpanna hotA hai, dUsarA naSTa ho jAtA hai / yaha kArya itanI tIvragati se hotA hai ki aisA pratIta hone lagatA hai ki yugapat ho rahA hai|' isI bAta ko spaSTa karate hue 'nAmarUpaM kho mahArAja pITasandahatIti' arthAt nAma-rUpa janma grahaNa karatA hai| rAjA ke yaha pUchane para ki kyA yahI nAma-rUpa janma-grahaNa karatA hai ? nAgasena ne uttara diyA ki yaha nAmarUpa hI janma grahaNa nahIM karatA hai, kintu yaha nAma-rUpa zubha-azubha karma karatA hai aura una karmoM ke kAraNa eka anya nAma-rUpa utpanna hotA hai, yahI saMsaraNa karatA hai| rAjA kI Apatti kA nirAkaraNa karate hue bhadanta nAgasena ne kahA ki he rAjan ! mRtyu ke samaya jisakA anta hotA hai, vaha to eka anya nAma-rUpa hotA hai aura jo punarjanma grahaNa karatA hai, vaha eka anya kintu prathama (nAma-rUpa) se dvitIya nAma-rUpa nikalatA hai| ataH he mahArAja dharma santati hI saMsaraNa karatI hai| isI prakAra vijJAnAdvaitavAdiyoM ne bhI santati kA punarjanma honA mAnA hai| jaina-cintakoM ne bhI punarjanma kI vyAkhyA evaM prakriyA vistRta rUpa se kI hai / jainAgama, purANa, mahAkAvya, nATaka, stotra evaM dArzanika granthAdi meM punarjanma sambandhI vivecana tathA tatsambandhI kathAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / jaina vicArakoM kA mata hai ki AtmA kA para-dravya ke sAtha saMyoga hone para usako vibhinna yoniyoM meM ghUmanA par3atA hai|" hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, bhabrahmacarya aura parigraha rUpa azubha karma karane se jIva narakAdi azubha aura nimna yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatA hai aura bhahiMsAdi zubha-karma karane se jIva manuSya, deva Adi yoniyoM meM janma letA hai| yaha likha cuke haiM ki AtmA aura karma kA anAdi kAla se sambandha hai, jisake kAraNa jIva anAdi kAla se AvAgamana rUpa punarjanma ke cakra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| 1. milindaprazna, pR0 43 / 2. vahI, pR0 43 / 3. vahI, pR0 44 / 4. evameva kho mahArAja dhammasantati sandahati |-vhii| 5. anAdikAlasamma taiH kalaGkaH kshmliikRtH| svecchayArthonsamAdatte svato 'ntyantavilakSaNAn |-jnyaanaarnnv, 21 / 22 / / 6. rUpANyekAni gRhaNAti tyajatyanyAni santatam / yathA raGge'tra zailUSastathAyaM yantravAhakaH / vahI, saMsArabhAvanA, 8 / .

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 229 anAdi kAla se karmoM se saMyukta AtmA ke dravyakarmoM ke kAraNa rAga-dveSa rUpa bhAva karma (jIva ke aise pariNamita bhAva jo pudgala karmaNA ko dravya karma rUpa meM pariNamita karate haiM) hote haiN| rAga-dveSa rUpa se pariNamana karane para jIva kArmaNa vargaNA meM se aise paramANuoM ko AkarSita karatA hai, jinameM karmayogya banane kI zakti hotI hai aura jo dravya karma kahalAte haiM / isa prakAra dravya karma se bhAva karma aura bhAva karma se dravya karma Ate rahate haiN| isa prakAra jIva kA punarjanma kA cakra calatA rahatA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne paMcAstikAya meM kahA bhI hai : isa saMsArI jIva ke anAdi karma-baMdha ke kAraNa rAga-dveSa rUpa snigdha evaM azuddhabhAva hote haiM, una azuddha rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNAmoM ke kAraNa jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa ATha dravya karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| ina dravyakarmoM ke udaya se jIva naraka, tiryaca, manuSya aura deva gatiyoM ko prApta karatA hai| gatiyoM meM janma lene se zarIra kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura zarIra upalabdha hone para indriyAM hotI haiM / indriyoM ke hone para jIva viSaya grahaNa karatA hai aura viSayoM ko grahaNa karane se rAga-dveSa utpanna hote haiM / isa prakAra saMsArI jova kumbhakAra ke cakra kI taraha isa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai|' kundakunda ke upayukta kathana se siddha hai ki punarjanma kA pramukha kAraNa karma aura jIva kA pariNAma hai / AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI kahA hai ki yaha jIva zarIra meM dUdha aura pAno kI taraha mila kara rahatA hai to bhI apane svabhAva ko chor3akara zarIra rUpa nahIM ho jAtA hai / rAgAdi bhAvoM sahita hone ke kAraNa yaha jIva dravya karma rUpI mala se malina ho jAne para mithyAtva rAgAdi rUpa bhAvakarmoM (adhyavasAyoM) tathA dravya karmoM se racita anya zarIra meM praviSTa hotA rahatA hai| isa prakAra siddha hai ki jIva svayaM zarIrAntara meM jAtA hai / 2 / / bhAratIya cintakoM ne jise sUkSma zarIra mAnA hai, jaina darzana meM use pAMca zarIroM meM se eka kArmaNa zarIra kahA gayA hai, jo samasta anya zarIroM kI apekSA sUkSma hotA hai aura samasta saMsArI jIvoM ke hotA hai / jaina dArzanika yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki saMsArI jIva kI mRtyu ke bAda audArikAdi samasta zarIra naSTa ho jAte haiM, kevala kArmaNa zarIra jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai / yahI kArmaNa zarIra jIva 1. paMcAstikAya, 128 / 30 / 2. anAdi...."tasya dehAntara saMcaraNakAraNopanyAsa iti / TIkA : -paJcAstikAya, gA0 34 / 3. 'audArikavaikriyA''hArakataijasakAmaNAni zarIrANi / paramparaM sUkSmam / ' -tattvArthasUtra, 2 // 36-7 / 'sarvasya'-vahI, 2 / 42 /

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230 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ko vibhinna yoniyoM meM le jAtA hai / ' jaba taka jIva mukta nahIM ho jAtA hai, taba taka isa zarIra kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai| kArmaNa zarIra anya samasta zarIroM kA kAraNa hotA hai / isa zarIra ke naSTa hone para hI jIva kA punarjanma nahIM hotA hai| yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra eka AnupUrvI nAmaka nAmakarma hotA hai| yahI karma jIva ko apane utpattisthAna taka usI prakAra pahuMcA detA hai, jisa prakAra rajju se baMdhA huA baila abhISTa sthAna para le jAyA jAtA hai| AnupUrvI karma vakragati karane vAle jIva kI sahAyatA karatA hai / kArmaNazarIrayukta jIva abhISTa janma-sthAna para pahu~cakara audArikAdi zarIra kA svayaM nirmANa karatA hai| jaina darzana meM punarjanma kI yahI prakriyA upalabdha hai| (ga) punarjanma-sAdhaka pramANa : bhAratIya cintakoM ne aneka yuktiyoM dvArA punarjanma-siddhAnta ko siddha kiyA hai / veda, upaniSad, smRti5, gItA aura jaina-bauddha sAhitya meM varNita punarjanma kI ghaTanAoM se punarjanma-siddhAnta kA samarthana aura puSTi hotI hai / " ukta sAhitya meM punarjanma sAdhaka nimnAMkita yuktiyA~ upalabdha hai| smRti dvArA punarjanma-siddhAnta kI siddhi : tatkAla utpanna zizu meM harSa, bhaya, zoka, mAM kA stanapAna Adi kriyAoM se punarjanma-siddhAnta kI siddhi hotI hai / kyoMki usane isa janma meM harSAdi kA anubhava nahIM kiyA hai, jabaki ye saba kriyAe~ 1. tena karmAdAnaM dezAntarasaMkramazca bhavati |-srvaarthsiddhi, 2 / 25, pR0 183 / 2. sarvazarIraprarohaNa bIjabhataM kArmaNaM zarIraM karmetyucyate |-vhii / 3. Rgveda, 10 / 5715, 11164, 30-31-32 aura 37 / yajurveda, 36 / 39 / 4. kaThopaniSad, 1 / 2 / 6 / muNDakopaniSad, 1 / 2 / 9-10 / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 6 / 2 / 8, 4 / 4 / 3 / 5. manusmRti, 12 / 40, 121549 / 6. gItA, 8 / 15-16 / 4 / 5 / 7. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA : gA0 42 / 8. (ka) vIranandi, candraprabhucarita : prazasti kA antima zloka / (kha) AcArya jinasena, AdipurANa, 8 / 191-207 / (ga) uttarapurANa, 71 / 169 / (dha) gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), gA0 53541 /

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AtmA aura karma vipAka : 231 pUrvAbhyAsa se hI sambhava haiM / ataH pUrvAbhyAsa kI smRti se punarjanma kI siddhi hotI hai / anantavIrya ne siddhivinizcaya TIkA meM isI tarka se punarjanma-siddhAnta kI siddhi kI hai / jisa prakAra eka yuvaka kA zarIra zizu kI uttaravartI avasthA hai, isI prakAra zizu kA zarIra pUrvajanma ke pazcAt hone vAlI avasthA hai / yadi aisA na mAnA jAe to pUrvajanma meM bhoge hue tathA anubhava kiye hue kA smaraNa na hone se tatkAla utpanna prANiyoM meM uparyukta bhayAdi pravRttiyA~ kabhI nahIM hogIM / lekina unameM uparyukta pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM / ataH punarjanma kI sattA hai / rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti se punarjanma kI siddhi : prANiyoM meM sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati rAga dveSAtmaka pravRtti kA honA bhI punarjanma ko siddha karatA hai / vAtsyAyana ne apane bhASya meM isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / " jIvana stara se punarjanma-siddhi : punarjanma kI siddhi jIvoM ke jIvana stara se bhI hotI hai / vibhinna jIvoM kA na to samAna zarIra, rUpa, Ayu hotI hai aura na bhogAdi ke sukha-sAdhana eka se hote haiM / koI janma se hI andhe, bahare, lUle hote haiM, to koI bahuta hI sundara hote haiM / koI khAne ke lie muhatAja haiM to koI dUdha malAI Adi svAdiSTa bhojana hI karate haiM / isa prakAra jIvoM meM vyApta viSamatA kisI adRzya kAraNa kI ora saMketa karatI hai| yaha adRzya kAraNa pUrvajanma meM kiye gaye karmoM kA phala hI hai, jise bhogane ke lie dUsarA janma lenA par3atA hai / ataH jIvoM ke jIvana stara se punarjanma siddha hotA hai / 6 1. ( ka ) nyAyasUtra, 31 / 18 / (kha) tadaharja stane hAto -- prameyaratnamAlA, 48, pR0 297 / 2. vahI, 3 / 1 / 21 / 3. siddhivinizcayaTIkA, 4 / 14, pR0 288 / 4. ( ka ) aSTasahasrI, hindI anuvAda sahita, pR0 354 / (kha) jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 494 para uddhRta / 5. nyAyadarzana - vAtsyAyanabhASya, pR0 326 / 6. 'loka meM dekhA jAtA hai ki koI vyakti janma se rAjakula meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa sukhopabhoga karatA hai- / isa vaiSamya kA kAraNa punarjanma ke atirikta anya dUsarA kyA ho sakatA hai' ?- / paM0 raMganAtha pAThaka, SaDdarzanarahasya, pR0 13 / (kha) digambara jaina, varSa 63, aMka 1-2, tA0 20-121969, pR0 18-19 / ( ga ) hIrendranAtha datta : karmavAda aura janmAntara, pR0 196-99 / Jain Education. International

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232 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ke dvArA bhI punarjanma siddha hotA hai / haiM. aura kucha mahAn ajJAnI hote haiM / janmajAta vilakSaNa pratibhA se punarjanma-siddhi : janmajAta vilakSaNa pratibhA kucha vyakti alaukika pratibhA vAle hote isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki jisa jIva ne jisa kArya kA pahale ke janma meM abhyAsa kiyA hotA hai, vaha usa meM pravINa ho jAtA hai aura anabhyasta AtmA mUr3ha hotI hai / isa viSaya meM sukarAta ( sAkreTIz2a) kA kathana uddhRta karane se uparyukta kathana kI puSTi ho jAtI hai / " eka bAra pleTo ne sukarAta se pUchA ki Apa eka sA kintu koI eka bAra meM, koI do bAra meM aura koI use tIna hai, koI use aneka bAra meM bhI nahIM sIkha pAtA hai / kyoM ? sukarAta ne uttara diyA ki jina logoM ne pahale se hI abhyAsa kiyA hai, use jaldI samajha meM AtA hai aura jinhoMne kama abhyAsa kiyA hai, unheM adhika dera lagatI hai aura jinhoMne abhI samajhanA Arambha hI kiyA hai unheM aura bhI adhika dera lagatI hai / " sAkreTIz2a ke isa kathana se punarjanma kI siddhi hotI hai / sabhI vidyArthiyoM ko pATha par3hAte haiM, bAra meM sIkhatA AtmA ke nityatva se punarjanma ko siddhi : bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AtmA ko nitya mAnA hai / mRtyu ke bAda zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai lekina AtmA kA mRtyu ke bAda bhI astitva rahatA hai / " AtmA ke nitya hone se spaSTa hai ki vaha eka zarIra ko chor3a kara navIna zarIra ko apane karmoM ke anusAra dhAraNa karatA hai, yahI punarjanma kahalAtA hai / kahA bhI :-- -" Atmanityatve pretyabhAvasiddhi: 2 " AcArya vAtsyAyana ne isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai " nityo'yamAtmA preti pUrva zarIraM jahAti priyate iti pretya ca pUrvazarIraM hitvA bhavati jAyate zarIrAntaramupAdatta iti taccaitadubhayaM janmamaraNa pretyabhAvo veditavyA / " isa prakAra uparyukta kathana se AtmA kA punarjanma honA siddha hai / hai pratyabhijJAna pramANa se punarjanma - siddhAnta kI siddhi : pratyakSa aura smaraNa kA jor3a rUpa jJAna pratyabhijJAna kahalAtA hai / isa pratyabhijJAna pramANa se punarjanma siddha hotA hai / jaina darzana meM devoM ke vargIkaraNa meM eka vyantara devoM kA bhI vargIkaraNa hai / yakSa, rAkSasa aura bhUtAdi vyantara deva prAyaH yaha kahate hue sune jAte haiM ki maiM vahIM hU~, jo pahale amuka thA / yadi AtmA kA punarjanma na mAnA jAe to 1. dehahaM pekkhivi jaramaraNu mA bhau jIva karehi / jo ajarAmaru baMbhu paru so 2. nyAyadarzana, 4 / 1 / 10 / appANu muNehi // paramAtmaprakAza, 1 / 71 / 3. parIkSAmukha, 3 / 5 / 4. (ka) mRtAnAM rakSoyakSAdikuleSu svayamutpannatvena kathayatAM / prameyaratnamAlA, 4 / 8, pR0 296 / (kha) rakSodRSTerbhavasmRteH / vahI, pR0 297 /

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AtmA aura karma-vipAka : 233 bhUta, pretoM ko isa prakAra kA pratyabhijJAna nahIM honA cAhie / ataH vyantaroM kA pratyabhijJAna punarjanma ko siddha karatA hai| pUrvabhava ke smaraNa se punarjanma-siddhi : pUrvabhava kA smaraNa punarjanma ko siddha karane kA jvalanta pramANa hai / nArakI jIvoM ke duHkhoM kA varNana karate hue pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki "pUrvabhava ke smaraNa hone se unakA vaira dRr3hatara ho jAtA hai, jisase ve kutte-gIdar3a kI taraha eka dUsare kA ghAta karane lagate haiN|" yogasUtra ke kathana se bhI siddha hotA hai ki AtmA kA punarjanma hotA hai| yadi punarjanma na ho to pUrvabhava ke smaraNa-kathana karane kA koI artha nahIM hotA hai| jaba taka dUsarA janma na mAnA jAe, taba taka 'pUrvabhava' nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| pUrvabhava-smaraNa kI aneka ghaTanAeM samAcArapatroM meM aksara prakAzita hotI rahatI haiN| uparyukta tarkoM ke alAvA aura bhI aneka yuktiyoM ke dvArA bhAratIya cintakoM ne punarjanma siddha kiyA hai| karmavAda-siddhAnta bhAratIya darzana kA, vizeSa rUpa se jaina darzana kA pramukha, apUrva evaM alaukika siddhAnta hai| jIvana kI samasta samasyAoM kA vizleSaNa karma siddhAnta ke AdhAra para karanA jaina darzana ko nijI vizeSatA hai| naitika vyavasthA kI vyAkhyA karma siddhAnta ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| jaina darzana kA karma siddhAnta IzvaravAda kA khaNDana nahIM karatA hai, balki jagat-kartRtva kA khaMDana karatA hai / karmavAda na to samAja-sevA kA virodhI hai, jaisA kucha Alocaka kahate haiM, aura na yaha siddhAnta bhAgyavAda kA poSaNa hI karatA hai| ___karmavAda-siddhAnta aura punarjanma-prakriyA ke jJAna se jIva ko na kevala naitika banane kI preraNA milatI hai, balki vaha AtmA ko azuddhatA ko kramazaH dUra kara zuddhAtmA kI prApti ke lie bhI prayatnazIla ho jAtA hai| isI kI prApti ho jIva kA parama uddezya hai| 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 3 / 4, pR0 208 / 2. 'Aja' dinAMka 24-9-1961 /

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cauthA adhyAya bandha aura mokSa (1) bandha kI avadhAraNA aura usakI mImAMsA : (ka) bandha kA svarUpa : saMsArI AtmA karmoM se jakar3I huI hone ke kAraNa paratantra hai / isI paratantratA kA nAma bandha hai| bhAratIya darzana kA anuzIlana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki samasta bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne saMsArI AtmA ke bandha kI parikalpanA kI hai| do yA do se adhika padArthoM kA mila kara viziSTa sambandha ko prApta honA yA eka ho jAnA-bandha kahalAtA hai| umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra ke AThaveM adhyAya meM bandha-svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki kaSAyayukta jIva ke dvArA karmayogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa karanA bandha hai / 2 pUjyapAda aura akalaMkadeva Adi AcAryoM ne bandha-svarUpa ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki karma-pradezoM aura Atma-pradezoM kA paraspara meM dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha mila jAnA bandha hai| jaba AtmA ke pradezoM se pudgala dravya ke karmayogya paramANu mila jAte haiM to AtmA kA apanA svarUpa evaM zakti vikRta ho jAtI hai / apanI zakti ke anusAra kArya karane meM vaha svatantra nahIM rahatI hai / yahI usakA bandha kahalAtA hai| (kha) bandha ke bheda : akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM bandha kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyA hai| sAmAnya kI apekSA se bandha ke bheda nahIM kiye jA sakate haiM / ataH isa dRSTi se bandha eka hI prakAra kA hai| vizeSa kI apekSA se bandha do prakAra kA hai"-(1) dravya-bandha aura (2) bhAva-bandha / (a) dravyabandha : jJAnAvaraNAdi karma pudgaloM ke pradezoM kA jIva ke sAtha milanA dravyabandha kahalAtA hai| 1. badhyate'nena bandhanamAtra vA bandhaH-tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 4 / 10, pR0 26 / 2. sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte / sa bandhaH |-tttvaarthsuutr, 8 / 2 / 3. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 114, pR0 14; tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 2 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 4 / 17, pR0 16 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 117 / 14, pR0 40, 8 / 4 / 15, pR0 569 / 5. vahI, 2 / 10 / 2, pR0 124 / / 6. AtmakarmaNoranyo'nyapradezAnupravezAtmako bandhaH / sarvArthasiddhi, 114, pR0 14 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 235 (A) bhAvabandha : AtmA ke azuddha cetana pariNAma (bhAva) moha, rAgadveSa aura krodhAdi, jinase jJAnAvaraNAdi karma ke yogya pudgala paramANu Ate haiM, bhAvabandha kahalAtA hai / ' AcArya kundakunda ne pravacanasAra2 meM kahA hai ki jo upayoga svarUpa jIva vividha viSayoM ko prApta kara moha, rAga, dveSa karatA hai, vahI unase baMdhatA hai| dravyasaMgraha meM nemicandra ne bhI kahA hai ki jisa cetana pariNAma se karma baMdhatA hai, vaha bhAvabandha hai| isa para TIkA karate hue brahmadeva ne likhA hai ki mithyAtva rAgAdi kI pariNati rUpa yA azuddha cetana bhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa jisa bhAva se jJAnAvaraNAdi karma baMdhate haiM, vaha bhAva bandha kahalAtA hai| dravya-bandha aura bhAva-bandha meM bhAva-bandha hI pradhAna hai kyoMki isake binA karmoM kA jIva ke sAtha bandha nahIM ho sakatA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM kahA bhI hai "vaha (ajJAna, mithyA-darzana aura mithyAcAritra) tathA isa prakAra ke aura bhI bhAva jinake nahI hote haiM, ve muni azubha yA zubha karma se lipta nahIM hote haiN|" bandha ke cAra bheda : umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasatra meM bandha ke cAra bheda batalAe haiM : (a) prakRtibandha (A) sthitibandha (i) anubhava (anubhAga) bandha (I) pradezabandha ye cAroM karmabandha utkRSTa, anutkRSTa, jaghanya aura ajaghanya kI apekSA se cAra-cAra prakAra ke hote haiM / 1. (ka) krodhAdi pariNAmavazIkRto bhAvabandhaH-tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 100, -pR0 124 / (kha) badhyante asvatantrI kriyantekArmaNadravyAyenapariNamena AtmanaH sa bandhaH / -bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, 38 / 134 / 2. pravacanasAra, 2183 / 3. bajjhadi kamma jeNa du cedaNabhAveNa bhAvabaMdho so-dravyasaMgraha, gA0 32 / 4. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, gA0 32, 10 91 / 5. samayasAra, gA0 270 / 6. tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 3 / 7. gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), gA0 89 / /

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236 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (ba) prakRtibandha : gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) meM prakRti, zIla, mala, pApa karma aura svabhAva ko ekArthavAcI kahA gayA hai| paNDita rAjamalla ne paMcAdhyAyI meM zakti, lakSaNa, vizeSa, dharma, rUpa, guNa svabhAva, prakRti, zIla aura AkRti ko ekArthavAcI zabda batalAyA hai / ' pUjyapAda ne svabhAva ko prakRti kahA hai / rAgadvaSAdi vicitra bhAvoM ke anusAra karma bhI vibhinna prakAra kI phaladAna-zakti ko lekara Ate haiM aura apane prabhAva se AtmA ko prabhAvita karate haiN| jo karma jisa prakAra kA phala detA hai, vaha prakRti kA svabhAva kahalAtA hai| dhavalA meM AcArya vIrasena ne kahA bhI hai "jisake dvArA AtmA ko ajJAnAdi rUpa phala diyA jAtA hai, vaha prakRti hai| jo karmaskandha vartamAna kAla meM phala detA hai aura bhaviSya meM phala degA, ina donoM hI karma-skandhoM ko prakRti kahate haiM" / pUjyapAda ne udAharaNa dekara batalAyA hai ki nIma kI prakRti kar3avApana hai| isI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa karma kI prakRti jJAna kA na hone denA hai| karma sAhitya meM eka aura udAharaNa upalabdha hai| jisa prakAra kisI laDDU kA svabhAva kisI kI vAyu ko, kisI ke kapha ko aura kisI ke pitta ko dUra karane kA hotA hai, usI prakAra kisI karma kA svabhAva AtmA ke jJAnaguNa ko na hone denA hai, kisI kA svabhAva darzana guNa para AvaraNa DAlanA hai| isI prakAra anya karmoM kA apanA-apanA svabhAva hai| ataH ATha prakAra ke karmoM ke yogya pudgala dravya kA AkAra vAraNa karanA prakRtibandha hai| prakRtibandha ke bheda : (ka) karma sAhitya meM prakRtibandha do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai :- 1. mUla prakRtibandha-jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karma mUla prakRtibandha haiN| 2. uttara prakRtibandha-karmI ke bheda-prabheda uttara prakRtibandha kahalAte haiN| uttara prakRtibandha ke eka sau ar3atAlIsa bheda haiN| paMcAdhyAyI meM uttara prakRtibandha ke asaMkhyAta bheda hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 1. (ka) gommaTasAra, gA0 2 evaM 52 / (kha) paMcAdhyAyI, pUrvArdhakArikA 48 / 2. prakRtiH svabhAvaH-sarvArthasiddhi, 813, pR0 378 / 3. dhavalA, pu0 12, khaNDa 4, bhAga 2, pR0 304 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 3, pR0 378 / 5. vahI, 8 / 3, pR0 378 / 6. jJAnAvaraNAdyASTavidhakarmaNAM tattadyogyapudgaladravyasvIkAraH prakRtibandha / niyama sAra, tAtparyavRtti, 40 / 7. duviho paryAyabandhoM mUloM tahauttaro ceva / mUlAcAra, gA0 1221 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 237 (kha) paMcasaMgraha aura gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) meM prakRti-bandha ke nimnAMkita cAra bheda bhI upalabdha haiM :-(1) sAdibandha (2) anAdibandha (3) dhruvabandha aura (4) adhruvabandha / (A) sthitibandha :-jitane samaya taka karmarUpa pudgala paramANu AtmA ke pradezoM meM eka hokara Thaharate haiM, usa kAla kI maryAdA ko sthitibandha kahate haiM / ataH karmabandha aura phalapradAna karane ke bIca kA samaya sthitibandha kahalAtA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki apane-apane svabhAva se cyuta na honA sthiti hai| jisa prakAra bakarI, gAya aura bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha kA mAdhurya svabhAva se cyuta na honA sthiti hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM ke, vastu kA jJAna na hone denA, svabhAva kA na chUTanA Adi sthitibandha hai| vIrasena ne bhI kahA haiyoga ke kAraNa karma rUpa se parivartita pudgala skandhoM kA kaSAya ke kAraNa jIva meM eka rUpa rahane kA kAraNa sthitibandha hai| sthitibandha ke bheda : sthitibandha do prakAra kA hai-1. utkRSTa sthitibandha aura 2. jaghanya sthitibandha / utkRSTa saMkaleza rUpa kAraNa se hone vAlI karmoM kI sthiti utkRSTa sthitibandha hai / mandakaSAya ke kAraNa karmoM ke avasthAna kA kAla jaghanya (kama se kama) sthitibandha kahalAtI hai / (i) anubhAgabandha : anubhAga kA artha hai-zakti / prakRti meM anubhAga kA artha karmoM kI phala dene kI zakti vizeSa hai| umAsvAmI ne kahA bhI hai "vividha prakAra se phala dene kI zakti anubhAga yA anubhavabandha kahalAtI hai|" 1. paMcasaMgraha, gA0 4 / 233 / 2. gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), gA0 90 / 3. (ka) kammasarUveNa pariNadANaM kammaiyapoggalakkhaM dhANaM kammabhAvamachaMDiya acchaNakAlo hidINAma / -kasAyapAhuDa, 3 / 358 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 6 / 13 / 3 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 3 / / 5. dhavalA pu0 6, saM0 1, bhAga 9-6, sUtra 2 / 6. sA sthitidvividhA-utkRSTA jaghanyA ca / sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 13 / 7. prakRSTAt praNidhAnAt parA, tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 13 / 3 / / 8. (ka) nikRSTAt praNidhAnAt avarA / tattvArthavArtika, 8 / 13 / 3 / (kha) gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 134 / 9. (ka) vipAko'nubhavaH tattvArthasUtra, 8 / 21 / (kha) mUlAcAra, gA0 1240 /

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238 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki karma kI isa vizeSa zakti kA nAma anubhava hai| jisa prakAra bakarI, gAya, bhaisa Adi ke dUdha meM alaga-alaga tIvra, manda Adi rasa (zakti) vizeSa hotA hai, usI prakAra karma-pudgaloM kI apanI vizeSa zakti kA honA anubhava hai|' anubhAgabandha ke bheda : 1. utkRSTa anubhAgabandha, 2. jaghanya anubhAgabandha / AdhyAtmika vizuddha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa zubha prakRtiyoM kA utkRSTa anubhAgabandha hotA hai / saMkleza rUpa atyadhika azubha pariNAmoM kI azubha prakRtiyoM kA anubandha hotA hai| zubha prakRtiyoM kA jaghanya anubhAgabandha saMkleza pariNAmoM (bhAgoM) se aura azubha prakRtiyoM kA jaghanya anubhAgabandha manda kaSAya rUpa vizuddha pariNAmoM se hotA hai| svamukha aura paramukha kI apekSA se bhI anubhAgabandha do prakAra kA hotA hai / paMcasaMgraha meM anubhAgabandha ke caudaha bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (I) pradezabandha : eka pudgala paramANu jitanA sthAna gheratA hai, use pradeza kahate haiM / upacAra se pudgala paramANu bhI pradeza kahalAtA hai| ataH pudgala karmoM ke pradezoM kA jIva ke pradezoM ke sAtha bandha honA, pradezabandha kahalAtA hai / sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA hai ki saMkhyA kA nizcaya (avadhAraNa) karanA pradeza hai arthAt karma rUpa meM pariNata pudgala skandhoM ke paramANuoM kI jAnakArI karake nizcaya karanA, pradezabandha kahalAtA hai|" tattvArthasUtra meM pradezabandha kA svarUpa batalAte hue umAsvAmI ne kahA hai ki karma prakRtiyoM ke kAraNabhUta prati saMyoga vizeSa ke kAraNa sUkSma eka kSetrAvagAhI aura sthita anantAnanta pudgala paramANu saba AtmapradezoM meM cipaka kara rahate haiM, isI ko pradezabandha kahate haiM / gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai / 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 3 / 2. (ka) gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 163 / (kha) paMcasaMgraha (prA.) gA0 4 / 451-452 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 21 / 4. sAdi aNAdiya aTTha pasatthidaraparUvaNA tahA saNNA / paccaya vivAya desA sAmittaNAha aNubhAgo ||-pNcsNgrh, gA0 4 / 441 / 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 813, pR0 379 (kha) tattvArthavAttika, 8 / 3 / 7 / / 6. tattvArthasUtra, 824 // 7. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gAthA, 185-260 / ......

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bandha aura mokSa : 239 (ga) bandha ke kAraNa : jainetara varzana meM bandha ke kAraNa : AtmA karma se kyoM baMdhatA hai ? bandha ke kyA kAraNa haiM ? dArzanika kSetra meM ye prazna atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| vaidika dArzanikoM ne ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai| nyAyasUtra meM mithyAjJAna ko samasta duHkhoM kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| gautamaRSi ne kahA hai ki mithyAjJAna hI moha hai| yaha moha kevala tattvajJAna kI utpattirUpa nahIM hai, kintu zarIra, indriya, mana, vedanA aura buddhi ke anAtma hone para bhI inameM "maiM hI hU~," aisA jo jJAna mithyAjJAna aura moha hai, yahI karma-bandha kA kAraNa hai| vaizeSika dArzanikoM kA bhI yahI mantavya hai| IzvarakRSNa ne bhI sAMkhyakArikA meM bandha kA kAraNa prakRti aura puruSa viSayaka viparyayajJAna ko mAnA hai / yahI viparyaya mithyAjJAna kahalAtA hai| yoga dArzanika kleza ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| kintu kleza kA kAraNa unhoMne avidyA ko mAnA hai / advaita vedAnta darzana meM avidyA ko hI bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| bauddha darzana meM bhI karmabandha kA kAraNa avidyA mAnI gayI hai| kahIM-kahIM mithyAjJAna aura moha ko bhI bandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai / jaina darzana meM karmabandha ke kAraNa : jainadArzanikoM ne karma-bandha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA eka se lekara pAMca taka batalAyI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM vaidika darzanoM kI taraha ajJAna ko hI bandha kA pramukha kAraNa batalAyA hai / prajJApanAsUtra meM bhagavAn ne gautama ko sambodhita karate hue kahA hai ki jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke tIvra udaya se darzanAvaraNIya karma kA tIvra udaya hotA hai, darzanAvaraNIya karma ke tIvra udaya se darzana mohanIya karma kA tIvra udaya hotA hai, darzana moha ke tIvra udaya se mithyAtva kA tIna udaya hotA hai aura mithyAtva ke udaya se jIva ATha prakAra ke karma bAMdhate haiN| isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki bandha kA mUla kAraNa 1. (ka) nyAyasUtra, 1 / 1 / 2, 4 / 1 / 3-6 / (kha) nyAyabhASya, 4 / 2 / 1 / 2. prazastapAdabhASya, pR0 538 / 3. sAMkhyakArikA, 44, 47 evaM 48 / 4. yogadarzana, 21314 / 5. bhAratIya darzana-sampA0 DA0 na0 ki0 devarAja, advaitavedAnta prakaraNa / 6. (ka) samayasAra, gA0 259 aura bhI draSTavya, gA0 153 / (kha) samayasAra AtmakhyAti, TI0 gA0 153 / 7. jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA, pR0 283 para uddhRta / -

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240 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra ajJAna hai | samayasAra meM udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki rAga hI bandha kA vAstavika kAraNa hai / isI grantha meM unhoMne rAga, dveSa aura moha ko tathA anyatra mithyAtva, aviramaNa, kaSAya aura yoga ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai / AcArya nemicandra ne bhI gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) meM uparyukta mithyAtva Adi cAra kAraNoM ko bandha kA kAraNa batalAyA hai / mUlAcAra meM vaTTakera ne bandha ke mithyAdarzana, avirati, kaSAya, yoga aura Ayu kA pariNAma - ye pA~ca kAraNa batalAye haiM / " Ayu ke pariNAma ko bandha kA kAraNa vaTTakera ke alAvA anya koI jaina dArzanika nahIM mAnatA hai / rAmasena ne tattvAnuzAsana meM mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ko bandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai / 6 sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga evaM tattvArthasUtra meM karmabandha ke pAMca kAraNa mAne gaye haiM :- (1) mithyAdarzana, (2) avirati, (3) pramAda, (4) kaSAya aura ( 5 ) yoga / 7 yAMga meM kaSAya aura yoga ko karmabandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai / " yoga se prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha hotA hai tathA kaSAya se sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha hotA hai / " gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ) 1deg dravyasaMgraha " Adi meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai / samavA 10 (1) mithyAdarzana : mithyAdarzana kA artha viparIta zraddhAna hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM samyagdarzana se ulTA mithyAdarzana hai / samyagdarzana se tattvoM kA yathArtha 1. samayasAra, gA0 237 - 241 / 2. samayasAra, gAthA 177 / 3. vahI, gAthA 109 (kha) bArasa aNupekkhA, gA0 47 T 4. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gA0 786 / 5. micchAdaMsaNa aviradi kasAya jogA havaMti baMdhassa / AUsajjhavasANaM hedavvo te du NAyavvA / / mUlAcAra, gAthA 1219 / 6. syu mithyAdarzana - jJAna - cAritrANi samAsataH / bandhasya hetavo'nyastu trayANAmeva vistaraH // - tattvAnuzAsana, 8 / 7. (ka) jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 432 para uddhRta | (kha) tattvArtha sUtra, 9 / 1 / 8. samavAyAMga, 2 / 9. jogA paryADa-paesA ThidiaNubhAgA kasAyado kuNadi / - sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 3 / 10. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), gAthA 257 / 11. paDiTThidi - jogA paryADapadesA ThidiaNubhAgA kasAyado hoMti // - dravyasaMgraha, gA0 33 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 241 zraddhAna hotA hai aura mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna nahIM hotA haiM / ' bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA bhI hai- "jIvAdi padArthoM kA zraddhAna na karanA mithyAdarzana hai / " kAraNa viparyAsa, bhedAbheda viparyAsa aura svarUpa viparyAsa kI apekSA se mithyAdarzana tIna prakAra kA hotA hai / 5 ( 2 ) avirati : virati kA abhAva avirati hai / sarvArthasiddhikAra ne virati kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha se virata honA arthAt anAsakta honA virati hai aura inase virati na honA avirati hai / ataH hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApoM ko nahIM chor3anA yA ahiMsAdi pA~ca vratoM kA pAlana na karanA avirati hai / brahmadeva ne kahA bhI hai " antaraMga meM apane paramAtmasvarUpa kI bhAvanA evaM paramasukhAmRta meM utpanna prIti ke viparIta bAhya viSaya meM vrata Adi kA pAlana na karanA, avirati hai / " AcArya kundakunda ke bArasa- aNuvekkhA meM avirati ke pA~ca bhedoM kA ullekha hai - (1) hiMsA, (2) jhUTha, (3) corI, (4) kuzIla aura ( 5 ) parigraha | " (3) pramAda pramAda kA artha hai - utkRSTa rUpa se Alasya kA honA / krodhAdi kaSAyarUpa bhAra ke kAraNa jIva itanA bhArI ho jAtA hai ki ahiMsA Adi acche kAryoM ke karane meM usakA AdarabhAva nahIM hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya pUjyapAda', bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne kaSAyasahita avasthA aura kuzala 1. nijaniraJjana nirdoSaparamAtmaivopAdeya iti rUcirUpasamyaktvAdvilakSaNaM mithyAzalyaM bhaNyate / -- dravyasaMgrahaTIkA, gA0 42, pR0 79 / 2. taM micchataM jamasaddahaNaM taccANa hoi atthANaM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gA0 56 / 3. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 216 / (kha) nayacakra, gAthA 303 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 132 / 5. viratiruktA / tatpratipakSabhUtA aviratirgrAhyA / sarvArthasiddhi, 8 1 / 6. vahI, 7 / 1 / 7. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gA0 30, pR0 78 / - 8. bArasa- aNuvekkhA, gA0 48 / -- 9. ( ka ) pramAdaH sakaSAyatvaM / sarvArthasiddhi, 7113 / (kha) sa ca pramAdaH kuzaleSvanAdaraH / - vahI, 8 / 1 / 10. tattvArthavArtika, 8|1|3 | 16

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242 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra (zubha) kAryoM meM anAdara bhAva rakhane ko pramAda batalAyA hai / vIrasena ne krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpa saMjvalana kaSAya aura hAsya Adi nau upa-kaSAyoM ke tIvra udaya hone ko pramAda kahA hai / ' mahApurANa meM mana, vacana, kAya kI usa pravRtti ko pramAda batalAyA gayA hai, jisase chaThaveM guNasthAnavartIjIva ko vratoM meM saMzaya utpanna ho jAtA hai / strIkathA, bhaktakathA, rASTrakathA, rAjakathA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu, zrota, nidrA aura sneha kI apekSA se pramAda pandraha prakAra kA hotA hai / (4) kaSAya : AtmA ke bhItarI ve kaluSa pariNAma, jo karmoM ke zleSa ke kAraNa hote haiM, kaSAya kahalAte haiM / (5) yoga : mana, vacana aura kAya ke dvArA hone vAle Atma-pradezoM ke parispandana ko yoga kahate haiN| inhIM ke kAraNa karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai| uparyukta karmabandha-prakriyA ke vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM isakA sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| karmabandha-prakriyA kA itanA sUkSma cintana anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai| yadyapi karmabandha ke kAraNoM ke viSaya meM jaina darzana aura anya darzanoM meM kucha bheda hai, lekina mUlataH unameM bheda nahIM hai| kyoMki mithyAjJAna ko sabhI dArzanikoM ne karmabandha kA kAraNa mAnA hai| isa karmabandha kA uccheda bhI ho sakatA hai| ataH karmabandha-prakriyA kI taraha karmoccheda-prakriyA kA vivecana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai / (gha) bandha-uccheda : bandha-uccheda kA artha hai, AtmA ke karmabandha kA naSTa honaa| bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne karmabandha aura usake kAraNoM kI bhA~ti, bandha-uccheda kA bhI vizad tathA tArkika vivecana kiyA hai / vaidika-dArzanika ekamAtra jJAna se bandhoccheda honA mAnate haiM, lekina jaina-dArzanika isa viSaya meM unase sahamata nahIM haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jJAnamAtra yA AcaraNamAtra se karmabandha kA nirova nahIM 1. dhavalA, pu0 7, khaM0 2, bhAga 1, sUtra 7 / 2. mahApurANa, 62 / 305 / 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 34 / 4. (ka) sarvArtha siddhi, 6 / 4, 80 320 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 6 / 4 / 2, pR0 508 / 5. sarvArthasiddhi, 2 / 26,10 183 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 243 ho sakatA hai / isake viparIta jJAna aura AcaraNa ke saMyoga se karmabandha-nirodha avazya ho jAtA hai / samyagjJAna samyagdarzana ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| isalie jaina dArzanikoM ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra ko samaSTi rUpa se mokSa kA kAraNa batalAyA hai / __ jaina darzana meM karmabandha-uccheda ko do vidhiyA~ pratipAdita kI gayI hai|' pahalI vidhi ke dvArA navIna karmabandha ko rokA jAtA hai, ise Agama meM saMvara kahate haiN| dUsarI vidhi ke dvArA AtmA se pUrvabaddha karmoM ko apane vipAka ke pUrva hI tapAdi ke dvArA alaga kiyA jAtA hai, ise jaina AcAryoM ne nirjarA kahA hai / karmabandha-nirodha-prakriyA eka udAharaNa ke dvArA spaSTa rUpa se samajhI jA sakatI hai / jisa prakAra kisI tAlAba ke pAnI ko khAlI karane ke lie pahale una nAloM ko banda karanA par3atA hai, jinase tAlAba meM pAnI AtA hai| isake bAda tAlAba ke andara kA pAnI kisI yantra se bAhara nikAla dete haiM / aisA karane se tAlAba pAnI se khAlI ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra navIna karma-AsravoM kA nirodha aura usake bAda pUrvabaddha karmokI nirjarA karane se AtmA karmoM se rahita ho jAtI hai / bandhoccheda ke prasaMga meM saMvara ke bAda nirjarA karane se hI sAdhaka mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| saMvaravihIna nirjarA nirarthaka hotI hai| AcArya zivakoTi ne kahA bhI hai, "jo muni saMvaravihIna hai, kevala usake karma kA nAza tapazcaraNa se nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi jala-pravAha AtA hI rahegA to tAlAba sUkhegA kaba?" uparyukta uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki karmabandhoccheda meM saMvara aura nirjarA kA mahattvapUrNa evaM pramukha sthAna hai, isalie unakA yahA~ saMkSipta vivecana prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| (ka) saMvara : karmoM ke Asrava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahate haiM / akalaMkadeva ne eka udAharaNa dvArA batAyA hai ki jisa prakAra nagara kI acchI taraha se gherAbandI kara dene se zatru nagara ke andara praveza nahIM kara sakatA hai, usI prakAra gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritra dvArA indriya, kaSAya aura yoga ko bhalI-bhA~ti saMvRta kara dene para AtmA meM Ane vAle navIna karmoM ke dvAra kA ruka jAnA saMvara hai / eka dUsare udAharaNa dvArA bhI saMvara ko AcAryoM ne samajhAyA hai / jisa prakAra chidrayukta naukA ke cheda ko baMda kara dene se usame jala nahIM praviSTa hotA hai, usI prakAra mithyAtva Adi AsravoM ko sarvataH avaruddha kara dene 1. bhagavatI ArAdhamA : zivakoTi, gAthA 1854 / ...... 2. AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 1 / / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 4 / 11, pR0 18, tathA 961, pR0 585 /

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244 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra para saMvRta jIva ke navIna karmoM kA AnA ruka jAtA hai| hemacandrasUri ne eka yaha bhI udAharaNa diyA hai ki jisa taraha tAlAba meM samasta dvAroM se jala kA praveza hotA hai kintu dvAroM ko banda kara dene se usake andara jala praveza nahIM karatA hai, usI prakAra yogAdi AsravoM ko sarvataH avaruddha kara dene se saMvRta AtmA ke pradezoM meM karma dravya praviSTa nahIM hotA hai / jina kriyAoM se saMsAra hotA hai, use rokane vAlA AtmA kA pariNAma bhAva-saMvara aura karma-pudgaloM ko rokane vAlA kAraNa dravya-saMvara kahalAtA hai|3 isa prakAra saMvara do prakAra kA hotA hai / ___ saMvara ke kAraNa : AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM aviparIta jJAna ko saMvara kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki upayoga meM upayoga hai, krodha meM upayoga nahIM hai, krodha meM krodha hai, upayoga meM krodha nhiiN| ATha prakAra ke karma aura no-karma meM upayoga nahIM hai tathA upayoga meM karma aura no-karma nahIM haiN| isa prakAra kA aviparIta arthAt samyak jJAna hone para jIva upayoga se zuddha AtmA anya bhAvoM ko nahIM karatI hai / ataH jJAnayukta AtmA zuddha cetana svarUpa AtmA kA dhyAna kara karmoM se rahita ho jAtA hai| paJcAstikAya meM bhI kahA hai "jisake samasta dravyoM meM rAga-dveSa-moha nahIM hotA hai, usa sukha-duHkha meM samabhAva rakhane vAle muni ke zubha-azubha karmokA Asrava na hone se puNya aura pApa rUpa karmoM kA saMvara ho jAtA hai / "5 bArasa-aNuvekkhA meM samyaktva, mahAnata, kaSAyanirodha, cAritra aura dhyAna-saMvara ke kAraNa batalAye gaye haiN| kAttikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI samyaktva, dezavrata, mahAvrata, kaSAya-jaya aura yogoM kA abhAva evaM viSaya-virakti, mana aura indriya-nirodha-saMvara ke kAraNa 1. rudhiya chiddasahasse jalajANe jaha jalaM tu NAsavadi / micchattAiabhAve taha jIve saMvaro hoI ||-nyckr, gA0 156 / 2. navatattva sAhitya saMgraha (sapta tattva prakaraNa), 118-122 / jaina darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 499 para uddhata / 3. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 1, pR0 406 / (kha) cedaNapariNAmo jo kammassAsavaNirohaNe heU / so bhAvasaMbaro khalu danvAsavarohaNe aNNo |-drvysNgrh, gA0 34 / 4. samayasAra, saMvarAdhikAra, gA0 181-192 / 5. paJcAstikAya, gA0 142-143 / 6. dvAdazAnuprekSA, gA0 61-64 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 245 kahe gaye haiN|'dhvlaa meM bhI samyagdarzana, viSaya-virakti, kaSAya-nigraha aura yoga ke nirodha ko saMvara batalAyA gayA hai / sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga Agama meM bhI samyaktva-vrata, apramAda, akaSAya aura yoga kA abhAva saMvara ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM / 3 umAsvAmI aura unake tattvArthasUtra ke TokAkAroM ne (1) gupti, (2) samiti, (3) dharma, (4) anuprekSA, (5) parISahajaya (6) cAritra aura (7) tapa ko saMvara kA kAraNa mAnA hai|" 1. gupti : gupti kA artha hai-rakSA karanA arthAt AtmA kI rakSA karanA gupti kahalAtI hai| gupti ke binA karmoM kA saMvara nahIM ho sakatA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra Adi AgamoM meM kahA bhI hai "jisa prakAra kheta kI rakSA ke lie kAToM kI bAr3I hotI hai athavA nagara kI rakSA ke lie nagara ke cAroM ora khAI-koTa (prAkAra) hotA hai, usI prakAra pApa ko rokane ke lie gupti hotI hai|"5 pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki saMklezarahita yogoM kA nirodha karane se unase Ane vAle karmoM kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai| ataH gupti se saMvara honA siddha hai|6 saMvara ke anya kAraNa gupti para nirbhara hai| mahAvratoM kA nirdoSa pAlana bhI gupti para nirbhara karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM mana, vacana aura kAya ko yoga kaha kara usa yoga ko samyak (bhalibhA~ti) rUpa se rokane ko gupti kahA gayA hai|" 1. sammattaM desavayaM mahabvayaM taha jao kasAyANaM / ede saMvara - NAmA jogAbhAvo tahA ceva / / jo puNa visayaviratto appANaM savvado vi saMvara i / maNahara visaehito tassa phaDaM saMvaro hodi // -kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0 95, 101 / 2. dhavalA, pu0 7, khaM0 2, bhA0 1, sUtra 7, gA0 2 / 3. jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 204 / 4. (ka) sa guptismitidhrmaanuprekssaapriisshjycaaritraiH|-tttvaarthsuutr, 9 / 2-3 / . (kha) sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 2-3 / (ga) tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 2-3 / (gha) tattvArthasAra, 6 / 3 / / 5. (ka) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gA0 1189 / (kha) mUlAcAra, gA0 334 / 6. tasmAt samyagvizeSaNaviziSTAta, saMklezAprAdurbhAvaparAtkAyAdiyoga nirodho sahi tannimittaM karma nAsravatIti saMvaraprasiddhiravagantavyA / -sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 4 / tulanA ke lie-(ka) tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 4 / 4 / (kha) tattvArthasAra, 6 / 5 / 7. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 4 aura bhI draSTavya-mUlAcAra, gA0 331 /

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246 : jenadarzana meM Atma-vicAra gupti ke bheda : pUjyapAda' Adi AcAryoM ne gupti ke tIna prakAra batalAye haiM - (1) kAyagupti ( 2) vacanagupti aura (3) manogupti / ( 2 ) samiti : samiti kA pAlana karane se sAdhu ko hiMsA kA pApa nahIM lagatA hai / samiti kA bhalIbhA~ti pUrvaka AcaraNa karanA samiti hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki gupta kA pAlana hamezA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura sAdhaka ko bhI prANa-yAtrA ke lie kucha bolanA, khAnA, pInA, rakhanA, uThAnA, malamUtra Adi kA tyAga karanA par3atA hai / aisA karane se karma - Asrava ho sakate haiM, ataH karma Asrava ko rokane ke lie aura saMyama kI zuddhi ke lie sAdhaka ko cAhie ki uparyukta kriyAeM Agama ke kathanAnusAra isa prakAra kareM ki dUsare prANiyoM kA vinAza na ho / jIvoM kI rakSA kA isa prakAra kA vicAra ( bhAvanA) samiti hai / pUjyapAda Adi AcAryoM ne kahA bhI hai " pIr3A ke parihAra ( dUra karane ) ke lie samyak prakAra se pravRtti honA samiti hai samiti ke bheda : AgamoM meM samiti ke pA~ca bheda batalAye gaye haiM 4 - (1) IryAsamiti ( 2 ) bhASAsamiti ( 3 ) eSaNAsamiti ( 4 ) AdAnanikSepaNasamiti aura (5) utsargasamiti / / " -- (3) dharma : jaina darzana meM dharma kI vyAkhyA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se kI gaI hai | samatA, mAdhyasthatA, zuddha bhAva, vItarAgatA, cAritra aura svabhAva kI ArAdhanA - ye dharmavAcaka zabda haiM / 5 AcArya kundakunda ke pravacanasAra aura bhAvapAhur3a Adi granthoM meM cAritra evaM rAga-dveSa se rahita AtmA ke pariNAma ko dharma batalAyA gayA hai / dharma ke bheda : dharma nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI apekSA se do prakAra kA hotA 1. satritayI kAya guptirvAgguptirmanoguptiriti / sarvArthasiddhi 914 aura bhI draSTavya ( ka ) tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 4 / 4 / (kha) tattvArthasAra, 6 |4 | 2. samitiritI, samyagiti : samitiriti / tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 5 / 2 / 3. prANipIDAparihArArthaM samyagayanaM samiti: / ( ka ) sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 2 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika 9 / 22 / (ga) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayATIkA, gA0 16 / 5 / 7 4. (ka) mUlAcAra, gA0 10 evaM 301 / (kha) cAritrapAhur3a, gA0 37 // (kha) tattvArtha sUtra, 9/5 aura usakI TIkAyeM / 5. nayacakra, gA0 356-57 / 6. pravacanasAra, tAtparyavRtti, 1/7 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 247 hai / ' pAtra (dharmI) kI apekSA se bhI dharma do prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai : gRhasthadharma aura muni dharma | prakRta meM muni-dharma hI abhISTa hai / kyoMki muni-dharma pAlana karane se hI pUrNarUpa se saMvara ho sakatA hai / yaha munidharma uttamakSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya ke bheda se dasa prakAra kA hai / 2 4. anuprekSA : anuprekSAoM se na kevala navIna karmoM kA AnA hI banda hotA hai, balki purAne saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA bhI hotI hai / vairAgya kI vRddhi evaM sampuSTi bhI anuprekSAoM dvArA hotI hai / adhyAtma mArga ke pathika ( sAdhaka) kI kaSAya agni kA zamana anuprekSAoM se hI hotA hai / 3 anuprekSA, bhAvanA, cintana samAnArthaka haiM / umAsvAmI ne tattvoM ke bAra-bAra cintana karane ko anuprekSA kahA hai / sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthavArtika meM anuprekSA kI do paribhASAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / zarIra Adi ke svabhAva kA bArabAra cintana karanA anuprekSA kahA gayA hai / " isI prakAra jJAta viSaya kA abhyAsa karanA anuprekSA hai / vIrasena ne bhI dhavalA meM kahA hai "karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie pUrNarUpa se hRdayaMgama hue zruta jJAna kA parizIlana karanA anuprekSA hai|" paMcaparameSThyAdibhaktipariNAmarUpo vyavahAradharmastAvaducayate / - pravacanasAra, tAtparyavRtti, 118 / 2. bArasa aNuvekkhA, gAthA 68-70 / 3. ( ka ) vidhyAti kaSAyAgnivigalati rAgo vilIyate dhvAntama / unmiSati bodhadIpo hRdi puMsAM bhAvanAbhyAsAt // - jJAnArNava, sarga 2 / upasaMhAra kA0 2 / (kha) tadbhAvanA bhavatyeva karmaNaH kSayakAraNam // paJcaviMzatikA, 6142 / ...svAkhyAtattvAnucintanamanuprekSAH / -- tattvArthasUtra, 97 / 4. 5. zarIrAdInAM svAbhAvAnucintanamanuprekSA (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 9 2 | pR0 312 | (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 91214 / 6. ( ka ) vahI, 9 / 25 / (kha) vahI, 9 / 25 / 3 / 7. (ka) kammaNijjaraNadRmaTTi bhajjAyugamassa / sudaNANassaparimalaNamaNupekaravaNa Y NAma / - dhavalA, pu0 9, khaM0 4, bhA0 1, sUtra 55 / (kha) sudatthassa sudANusAreNa cittaNa maNupehaNaNAM / vahI, pR0 14, khaM0 5 bhA0 6, sUtra 14 /

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248 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ____ anuprekSAoM kI uparyukta paribhASAoM se spaSTa hai ki bhAvoM ko zuddha karane hetu padArtha ke svarUpa kA cintana karanA anuprekSA hai / __anuprekSA ke bheda : jainAgamoM meM anuprekSA ke bAraha bheda batalAye gaye haiM(1) anitya (2) azaraNa (3) saMsAra (4) ekatva (5) anyatva (6) azucitva (7) Asrava (8) saMvara (9) nirjarA (10) loka (11) bodhidurlabha aura (12) dharma / bArasa aNupekkhA, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavAtika, tattvArthasAra, jJAnArNava, yogasAra Adi meM uparyukta anuprekSAoM kA vizad svarUpa-vivecana upalabdha hai| 5. parISahajaya : mokSamArga para ArUr3ha sAdhaka navIna karmoM kA saMvara karatA huA saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI Adi kI vedanA ko svayaM avicalita evaM avikArI bhAva se sahana karatA hai, yahI parISaha hai / tattvArthasUtra meM kahA bhI hai "mArga se bhraSTa na hone ke lie aura karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie sahane yogya ko sahana karanA parISaha hai|" pUjyapAda ne parISahajaya kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki kSudhAdi ko vedanA ke hone para karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie unheM sahana karanA parISaha hai aura parISaha ko jItanA parISahajaya hai| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne bhI yahI kahA hai / / __ parISaha ke bheda : tattvArthasUtra meM" parISaha ke bAIsa bheda batalAye gaye haiM(1) kSudhA (2) tRSA (3) zIta (4) uSNa (5) daMzamazaka (6) nagnatA (7) arati (8) strI (9) caryA (10) niSadhA (11) zayyA (12) Akroza (13) vadha (14) yAcanA (15) alAbha (16) roga (17) tRNasparza (18) mala (19) satkAra puraskAra (20) prajJA (21) ajJAna aura (22) adarzana / 6. cAritra: cAritra karmAsrava ke nirodha kA, parama saMvara kA evaM mokSa mArga kA sAkSAt aura pradhAna kAraNa hai / samatA, mAdhyasthya, zuddhopayoga, vItarAgatA, dharma 1. (ka) bArasa aNuvekkhA / (kha) tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 7 / (ga) prazamarati prakaraNa, kA0 142-150 / 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 8 / 3. kSudhAdivedanotpatto karmanirjarArthaM sahanaM pariSahaH / pariSahasya jayaH pariSaha__jayaH / sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 2, pR0 312 / 4. tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 2 / 6 / 5. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 9 / 6. (ka) cAritramante gRhyate mokSaprApteH sAkSAtkAraNamiti jJApanArtham / sarvArtha siddhi , 9 / 18, pR0 333 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 1815, pR0 617, evaM

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bandha aura mokSa : 249 aura svabhAva kI ArAdhanA ke artha meM 'cAritra' zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAda ne cAritra kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai ki jo AcaraNa karatA hai, jisake dvArA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai athavA AcaraNa karanA mAtra cAritra hai / 2 mokSapAhur3a meM puNya aura pApa ke tyAga ko cAritra kahA gayA hai / puNya aura pApa rUpa kriyAe~ haiM, inase saMsAra meM AvAgamana hotA hai arthAt puNyapApa kriyAoM ke karane se karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai jisase saMsAra meM bAra-bAra AnA par3atA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcAryoM ne mana, vacana, kAya tathA kRta, kArita aura anumodanA pUrvaka saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta kriyAoM ke tyAga ko cAritra kahA hai| cAritra ke bheda : tattvArthasUtra' meM cAritra ke nimnAMkita pA~ca bheda batalAye gaye haiM : (1) sAmAyika, (2) chedopasthApanA, (3) parihAravizudvi, (4) sUkSmasAMparAya, aura (5) yathAkhyAta / / (7) tapa : icchAoM kA nirodha karanA tapa hai| tapa se karmoM kA AnA bhI rukatA hai aura purAne karmoM kI nirjarA bhI hotI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne tapa kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki "viSaya aura kaSAya ko naSTa karane kA bhAva karanA, dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke dvArA AtmA kA cintana bhAva karanA, tapa hai| sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthavArtika meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "zakti ko na chipA kara mokSamArga ke anukUla zarIra ko kleza (kaSTa) denA tapa hai" 19 9 / 17 / 7, pR0 616 / (ga) tadetaccAritraM pUrvAsrava nirodhakAraNatvAtparama saMvaraheturavaseyaH / vahI, 9 / 18 / 14 / / 1. nayacakra, gA0 356 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 111 / / 3. taMcArittaM bhaNiyaM parihAro puNNapAvANaM |-moksspaahudd', gA0 37 / 4. (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 111 / (kha) 1 / 1 / 3 / (ga) bahirabbhaMtarakiriyAroho bhvkaarnnpnnaastteN| NANissa jaM jiNuttaM taM paramaM sammacArittaM ||-drvysNgrh, gA0 46 / (gha) tattvAnuzAsana, kA0 27 / 5. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 18 aura bhI draSTavya, cAritrabhakti, gA0 3-4 / 6. icchAnirodhastapaH-dhavalA, pu0 13, khaM0 5, bhAga 4, sUtra 26 / 7. tapasA nirjarA ca-tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 3 / 8. bArasa aNuvekkhA , gA0 57 / 9. anigUhitarvIryasyamArgavirodhikAyaklezastapaH / (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 6 / 24; (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 6 / 247 / .

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250 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ___ tapa ke bheda : tapa do prakAra kA hai| (1) bAhya tapa, aura (2) Abhyantara tapa.1 (1) bAhya tapa : jo tapa bAharI padArthoM ke Alambana se kiye jAte haiM aura jinheM dUsare bhI dekha sakate haiM, use bAhyatapa kahate haiM / bAhya tapa chaha prakAra kA hai : (1) anazana, (2) avamaudarya, (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna, (4) rasaparityAga, (5) viviktazayyAsana aura (3) kAyakleza / ____2. Abhyantara tapa : Abhyantara arthAt Antarika tapa se sambandhita tapa, Abhyantara tapa kahalAtA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda, bhaTTa akalaMkadeva Adi ke granthoM meM Abhyantara tapa kI aneka vizeSatAe~ batalAI gaI haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM Abhyantara tapa ke chaha bheda batalAye gaye haiM-(ka) prAyazcitta (kha) vinaya (ga) vaiyAvRtya (gha) svAdhyAya (Ga) vyutsarga (ca) dhyAna / __saMvara ke uparyukta vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana ke AdhAra para niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMvara ke kAraNabhUta gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya, cAritra aura tapa se navIna karmoM kA AnA avaruddha ho jAtA hai / karma-saMvara kA isa prakAra kA vivecana anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai / dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki jainetara dharma-darzana meM mAnya tIrthayAtrA, gaMgAdi-snAna, dIkSA lenA, zIrSopahAra (balidAna), devatAoM kI ArAdhanA Adi karma-saMvara ke kAraNa nahIM haiM, kyoMki uparyukta kArya rAga-dveSa pUrvaka hI kiye jAte haiN| rAga-dveSa aura moha rUpa karmoM kI nirjarA rAgAdi se nahIM ho sakatI hai / ataH tIrthayAtrA Adi saMvara ke kAraNa nahIM haiN| nirjarA mokSa kA sAkSAt kAraNa hai| ataH prasaMgavaza aba nirjarA kA vivecana prastuta hai (kha) nirjarA : saMvara ke dvArA navIna karmoM kA AtmA meM praveza honA ruka 1. tattvArthasAra, 67 / 2. bAhyadravyApekSatvAtparapratyakSatvAcca bAhyatvam / (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 19, pR0 336; (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 19 / 17 / 3. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 19 / 4. (ka) manoniyamanArthatvAt / sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 20 / (kha) anyatIrthyAnabhyastatvAduttaratvam / antaHkaraNajyApArAt, bAhyadravyAna prekSatvAcca |-tttvaarthvaartik, 9 / 2011-3 / 5. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 20 / / 6. sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 2, (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 2 / 12 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 251 jAtA hai, lekina AtmA ke sAtha ba~dhe hue purAne karmoM kA kSaya karanA bhI usI prakAra jarUrI hai, jisa prakAra chidrayukta naukA ke cheda banda kara dene ke bAda usameM bhare hue jala ko ulIca kara bAhara pheMka denA anivArya hotA hai| purAne karmoM ke kSaya kiye binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| pUrvabaddha karmoM ke kSaya karane kI vidhi ko jainAgama meM nirjarA kahate haiM / pUjyapAda ne sarvArtha siddhi meM kahA bhI hai ki jisa prakAra bhAta Adi kA mala nivRtta hokara nirjINa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA kA acchA-burA karake pUrva kI avadhi (sthiti) naSTa ho jAne para karma kA AtmA se alaga ho jAnA nirjarA kahalAtI hai|2 akalaMkadeva ne eka dUsare udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA hai ki "jisa prakAra mantra yA auSadhi ke dvArA zaktihIna kiyA gayA viSa doSa utpanna nahIM karatA hai, usI prakAra tapa Adi se nIrasa kiye gaye aura zaktihIna karma saMsAra ko nahIM calA sakate haiM" / nirjarA ke bheda : karmoM ko nirjarA do prakAra se hotI hai| ataH nirjarA ke do bheda haiM-1. savipAka nirjarA aura 2. avipAka nirjarA / yathAsamaya svayaM karmoM kA udaya meM Akara phala dekara alaga hote rahanA savipAka nirjarA hai| isa prakAra ko nirjarA kA koI mahattva nahIM hai| jisa prakAra kacce Ama Adi ko pAla Adi ke dvArA akAla meM pakA liyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra samaya se pahale tapa ke dvArA karmoM kA AtmA se alaga kara denA avipAka nirjarA kahalAtI hai / avipAka nirjarA hI mokSa kA kAraNa haiN| karma nirjarA kA pramukha kAraNa tapa hai| tapa kA ullekha pIche kiyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra bandha ke nirodha arthAt saMvara aura nirjarA ke dvArA samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se AtmA kA svAbhAvika zuddha svarUpa camakane lagatA hai, isI avasthA ko mokSa kahate haiM / umAsvAmI ne kahA bhI hai ki bandha ke hetuoM kA abhAva hone se aura purAne karmoM kI nirjarA hone se samasta karmoM kA AtmA se samUla alaga ho jAnA mokSa hai| anAdi karmoM kA anta kaise hotA hai ? : prazna : anAdi karmabandha santati kA anta kaise ho sakatA hai ? uttara : bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM uparyukta prazna kA uttara dete 1. puvakadakamma saDaNaM tu NijjarA |-bhgvtii ArAdhanA, gA0 1847 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 23, pR0 399 / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 4 / 19, pR0 27 / 4. sarvArthasiddhi, 8 / 23, pR0 399 / /

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252 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra bIja aura aMkura kI santati anAdi hone para bhI agni dvArA bIja ko jalA dene para phira usase aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra mithyAdarzanAdi pratyaya aura karmabandha santati ke anAdi hone para bhI dhyAna rUpI agni se karmabandha santati ko jalA dene para bhavAMkura utpanna nahIM hotA hai / ' kaSAyapAhur3a meM uparyukta prazna kA uttara vistAra se diyA gayA hai ? isameM eka tarka yaha bhI diyA gayA ki jisa prakAra khAna se nikale hue svarNapASANa ke antargata aura bahiraMga kITakAlimAdi kA nirmUla-kSaya agni meM DAlane Adi se ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra karmAsrava kA bhI tapa se nirmUla-kSaya ho jAtA hai anyathA Asrava kI hAni meM tara-tama bhAva nahIM bana sakatA hai / AcArya vIrasena aura malliSeNa ne bhI yahI yukti dI hai / ataH siddha hai ki karmabandha santati anAdi hone para usakA anta ho sakatA hai, lekina isa karmasantati kA anta eka hI samaya meM pUrNarUpa se nahIM hotA hai / isake viparIta sAdhaka - AtmA ke karmoM kA vinAza kramazaH hotA hai / * (Ga) guNasthAna : jaina darzana kI apUrva dena : hama Upara yaha dekha cuke haiM ki saMsAra meM janma aura mRtyu ke cakra meM pha~sA prANI kisa prakAra vividha duHkhoM se pIDita hokara saMsaraNa karatA hai / duHkha kisI bhI manuSya ke lie iSTa nahIM hai, yaha sarvamAnya tathya hai / phira isa duHkha se mukti kaise ho ? isa dizA meM jaina dArzanikoM ne gaharAI se vicAra kiyA hai / unhoMne manuSya kI duHkha se pUrNa mukti ke lie mokSa mArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / vaha mokSa mArga ratnatrayarUpa hai, jisake antargata samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura sabhyacAritra samAhita hai / ina tInoM kI upalabdhi ke lie manuSya ko jina sopAnoM para ArohaNa karanA par3atA hai, unheM guNa-sthAna kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / prakRta meM ina guNasthAnoM kA vivecana karanA ucita hogA / guNasthAna kA svarUpa : guNasthAna ko ogha aura saMkSepa kahate haiM / Agama meM moha aura yoga ke kAraNa jIva ke antaraMga - pariNAmoM meM prati kSaNa hone vAle utAra-car3hAva ko guNa 1. tattvArthavArtika, 10 / 213, pR0 641 / 2. kaSAya pAhuDa, pustaka 1, prakaraNa saM0 44, pR0 61 / 3. vahI, 4. dhavalA, pu0 9, khaM0 4, bhAga 1, sUtra 44, pR0 118 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 253 sthAna kahA gayA hai / ' karmoM kA udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama guNasthAna kA pramukha kAraNa hai / 2 jaina zAstroM meM guNasthAna 14 mAne gaye haiM-1. mithyAtva, 2. sAsAdana, 3. mizra, 4. avirata samyagdRSTi, 5. dezavirata, 6. pramatta virata, 7. apramatta virata, 8. apUrvakaraNa, 9. anivRttikaraNa, 10. sUkSma sAMparAya, 11. upazAntamoha, 12. kSINa moha, 13. sayogIjina, aura 14. ayoga kevali / guNasthAnoM kA yaha vibhAjana utkRSTa malina pariNAmoM se lekara utkRSTa, vizuddha pariNAmoM taka tathA usase Upara jaghanya vItarAga pariNAma se lekara utkRSTa vItarAga pariNAma taka kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke krama ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / / 1. mithyAdRSTi : AcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA meM mithyA ko vitatha, vyaloka, asatya tathA dRSTi ko darzana, zraddhAna, ruci aura pratyaya kahA hai / " jo jIva tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa meM ruci na rakha kara asatya ruci yA zraddhA rakhatA hai, use mithyAdRSTi kahate haiN| isakA mUla kAraNa mithyAtva prakRti kA udaya honA hai| AcAryoM ne mithyAdRSTi kI upamA pittajvara ke rogI se dI hai / kyoMki pittajvara ke rogI ko jisa prakAra mIThA rasa acchA nahIM lagatA hai, usI prakAra mithyAdRSTi ko yathArtha dharma acchA nahIM lagatA hai| AcArya amitagati ne zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki mithyAdRSTi usa sarpa kI taraha hai, jo dUdha pIkara bhI apane viSa ko nahIM chor3atA hai, isI prakAra mithyAdRSTi jinopadiSTa AgamoM kA adhyayana karatA huA bhI mithyAtva ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA hai / mithyAdRSTi vivekahIna hotA hai| usameM dharma-adharma ke svarUpa ko pahacAnane kI zakti kA abhAva rahatA hai| 1. (ka) saMkheo ogho tti ya guNasaNNA sa ca mohajogabhavA / -gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 3 / (kha) guNyante lakSyante dazyate vA jIvaste jIvapariNAmaH guNasthAna saMjJA bhavatIti |-gommttsaar (jIvakANDa), mandaprabodhinI TIkA, gA0 8 / 2. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 8 / 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 9-10 / 4. jainendrasiddhAntakoza, bhAga 2, pR0 245 / 5. dhavalA, 111 / 1, pR0 162 / 6. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 15-16 / 7. paThannapi vaco jainaM mithyAtvaM naiva muMcati / kudRSTiH pannago dugdhaM pivannapi mahAviSam ||-amitgtishraavkaacaar, 2 // 15 // 8. guNasthAna kramAroha : ratnazekhara sUri, zloka 8 /

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254 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 2. sAsAdana : yaha AtmA ke vikAsa kI dUsarI avasthA hai / sAsAdana guNasthAna kA mUla kAraNa cAritra mohanIya karma kI anantAnubandho kaSAya kA udaya honA hai / sAsAdana ko SaTkhaMDAgama aura gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM sAsana bhI kahA gayA hai|' 'AsAdanaM samyaktva virAdhana, saha AsAdanena iti sAsAdana' arthAt samyaktva ke vinAza ko AsAdana kahate haiM aura AsAdana se yukta sAsAdana hai| samyaktva se rahita honA sAsAdana kahalAtA hai, yaha vyutpattimUlaka artha hai| sAsAdana guNa sthAnavI jIva ke samyaktva kI virAdhanA to ho jAtI hai, kintu mithyAtvajanita pariNAmoM kA abhAva hote hue bhI vaha mithyAtva kI ora unmukha hotA hai| gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM AcArya nemicandra ne sAsAdana guNasthAna kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki "prathamopazama yA dvitoyopazama samyaktva ke antamuMhata kAla meM kama se kama eka samaya tathA utkRSTa chaha AvalI samaya zeSa rahane para anantAnubandhI krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM meM se kisI eka ke udaya se jIva samyaktva se gira kara, utane mAtra kAla ke lie jisa guNasthAna ko prApta karatA hai, use sAsAdana guNasthAna kahate haiM / " eka udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai ki parvata se girane aura pRthvI taka pahuMcane ke bIca kI avasthA kI taraha samyaktva aura mithyAtva ke bIca kI avasthA sAsAdana guNasthAna ko hotI hai / sAsAdana guNasthAna meM mithyAtva kA udaya nahIM rahatA isalie ise Agama meM samyagdRSTi guNasthAna bhI kahA gayA hai|5 SaTkhaMgAgama meM ise pAriNAmika bhAva kahA hai kyoMki yahA~ mithyAtva kA udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama nahIM hai / 6 dhavalA meM isakA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai / akalaMkadeva ne kahA hai ki sAsAdana guNasthAnavI jIva giratA huA niyamataH prathamaguNasthAna meM jAtA hai|' 1. (ka) SaTkhaNDAgama, 111 / 10 / (kha) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 19 / (ga) AsanaM kSepaNaM samyaktva virAdhanaM tena saha vartate yaH sa sAsanaH / gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), maMdaprabodhinI TIkA, gA0 19 / 2. (ka) dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1, pR0 163 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 1 / 13 / 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 19 / / 4. vahI, gA0 20 / 5. (ka) SaTkhaMDAgama 1 / 1 / 1, sU0 10 / (kha) vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya dhavalA, 11111, sU0 10, pR0 163 evaM 166 / 6. sAsaNasammAdiTThI tti ko bhAvo, pAriNAmizro bhAvo / -SaTkhaMDAgama, 5 / 17 sUtra 3 / 7. dhavalA, 5 / 117, sUtra 3, pR0 196 / 8. tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 1 / 13, pR0 589 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 255 3. mizra guNasthAna : mizra guNasthAna ko samyagmithyAdRSTi guNasthAna bhI kahate haiN|' AcArya nemicandra ne gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM kahA hai ki jisa prakAra dahI aura gur3a ko bhalI-bhA~ti milA dene para una donoM ko alaga-alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usakA svAda na kevala khaTTA hotA hai aura na kevala mIThA hI balki khaTTA-mIThA mizrita svAda hotA hai / isI prakAra tIsare guNasthAna meM samyaktva-mithyAtva rUpa mizrita pariNAma hote haiN| isa prakAra ke mizrita pariNAma hone kA mUla kAraNa samyagmithyAtva prakRti kA udaya honA hai / 2 mizra guNasthAnavI jIva eka ho samaya meM sarvajJopadiSTa tathA asarvajJopadiSTa siddhAntoM meM mizrarUpa zraddhA karatA hai / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne bhI tattvArthavArtika meM mizraguNasthAna kA yahI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| isa guNasthAna kI Agama meM nimnAMkita vizeSatAeM upalabdha haiM (1) mizra guNasthAnavartI jIva ko tattvoM meM yugapat zraddhAna aura azraddhAna prakaTa hotA hai| (2) isa guNasthAnavarto ke na sakala-saMyama hotA hai aura na deza-saMyama / (3) Ayukarma kA bandha nahIM hotA hai / (3) isa guNasthAna meM jIva kI mRtyu nahIM hotI hai / samyaktva yA mithyAtva rUpa pariNAmoM ke hone para hI mRtyu hotI hai / (5) isa guNasthAna ke prApta karane se pUrva samyaktva yA mithyAtva rUpa pariNAmoM meM se jisa pariNAma ke maujUda rahane para Ayu karma kA bandha kiyA hogA, vaisA pariNAma hone para hI usakA maraNa hotA hai| 6. yahA~ mAraNAntika samudghAta bhI nahIM hotA hai / 7. isa guNasthAna meM sirpha kSAyopazamikabhAva hI hotA hai| isakA vivecana dhavalA meM vistRta rUpa se huA hai / 1. SaTkhaMDAgama, 11111, sUtra 11 / 2. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 21-22 / 3. missudaye-taccamiyareNa saddahadi ekkasamaNe / -lATI saMhitA, gA0 107 / 4. samyamithyAtvasajJikAyA : prakRterudayAt AtmAkSINAkSINa madazakti-krodravopariNAmavat tattvArthazraddhAnAzraddhAnarUpaH |-tttvaarthvaartik, 9 / 1 / 14, pR0 589 / 5. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 23-24 / 6. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA, 1111, sUtra 11, pR0 168-69 / /

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256 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 8. isa guNasthAna se jIva prathama yA cauthe guNasthAna meM jAtA hai, anya meM nhiiN|' 9. mizra guNasthAnavartI ke mati, zrata aura avadhijJAna bhI mizra prakAra ke hote haiM / AcArya vIrasena ne isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / / __ avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna : caturtha guNasthAnavI jIva ke viSaya meM AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki isa guNasthAnavI jIva kI dRSTi samyak hote hue bhI yaha viSaya vAsanA Adi hiMsA se virata (dara) nahIM hotA hai, isalie ise avirata samyagdRSTi kahate haiM / isa guNasthAna ko asaMyata samyagdRSTi bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kA udaya hone se saMyama kA pUrNatayA abhAva rahatA hai, kintu janmopadiSTa tattvoM kA zraddhAna rahatA hai / " isa guNasthAna kI anya nimnAMkita vizeSatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM : (1) saMvegAdi guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa avirata samyagdRSTi viSayoM meM atyadhika anurAgI nahIM hotA hai / (2) nirIha aura niraparAdha jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA hai|' . (3) apane doSoM kI nindA tathA gardA donoM karatA hai|' (4) putra, strI Adi padArthoM meM garva nahIM karatA hai| 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, 4 / 105, sUtra 9, pR0 343 / 2. ataevAsya trINi jJAnAni ajJAnamizrANi / --tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 1 / 14 / 3. dhavalA, 11111, sUtra 119, pR0 363 / 4. Noindiyesu viradoNo jIve thAvare tase vApi / jo saddahadi jikRttaM sammAiTThI avirado so|| -gommaTasAra ( karmakANDa ), gA0 29 / / 5. asaMyatazcAsau samyagdRSTizca asaMyata samyagdRSTiH / -dhavalA, 11111, sUtra 18, pR0 171 / 6. prazama (kaSAyoM ke upazamana se utpanna), saMvega (saMsAra se mIta rUpa pariNAmoM kA honA), anukampA (jIvoM para dayAbhAva rakhanA), Astikya (jIvAdi padArthoM ke astitva meM vizvAsa karanA) / 7. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, gA0 29 / 8. vahI, 9. dRGmohasyodayAbhAvAt prasiddhaH prazamoguNaH / tatrAbhivyaMjakaM bAhyAnnidanaM cApi gahaNam / / -paMcAdhyAyI (uttarArdha), kArikA, 472 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 257 (5) uttama guNoM ke grahaNa karane meM tatpara rahatA hai| (6) deva, guru, dharma, tattva evaM padArtha Adi jo kucha jinopadiSTa haiM, unheM nahIM jAnatA huA bhI unameM zraddhA karatA hai / (7) Arta (duHkhI) jIvoM kI pIr3A dekhakara usakA hRdaya karuNA se dravIbhUta ho jAtA hai / ratnazekharasUri ne kahA hai ki jinendradeva kI nitya pUjA, guru evaM saMgha kI sevA tathA jinazAsana kI unnati kA prayAsa karanA avirata samyagdRSTi ke kartavya hai| 5. dezavata guNasthAna : pAMcaveM guNasthAna ko dezavrata, saMyatAsaMyata aura viratAvirata kahate haiM / naitika vikAsa kA yathArtha Arambha isI guNasthAna se hotA hai| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA kSayopazama tathA pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA udaya hone se eka deza saMyama ke hone ko dezavata guNasthAna kahate haiM / jinadeva, jinAgama aura jina guruoM meM zraddhA rakhane vAlA jo zrAvaka eka hI samaya meM prasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata aura sthAvara tathA ekendriya viSayaka hiMsA se virata nahIM rahatA hai, use paramAgama meM viratAvirata kahA gayA hai / yaha viratAvirata zrAvaka pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvata kA niraticAra pUrvaka pAlana karatA hai / akalaMkadeva ne isa kSAyopazamika viratAvirata ko saMyamAsaMyama aura isase yukta jIva ko saMyamAsaMyamI kahA hai / " saMyamabhAva kI utpatti kA kAraNa trasahiMsA se virata honA tathA asaMyamabhAva kI utpatti kA kAraNa sthAvara hiMsA se yukta honA hai / isa prakAra ina donoM kI utpatti ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna hone se inake eka AtmA meM yugapat hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai / isa guNasthAna meM kevala kSAyopazamika bhAva hI hotA hai, anya nahIM / tattvArthavArtika tathA dhavalA' meM isa viSaya para vistRta UhApoha kiyA gayA hai / kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura aupazamika samyagdarzana meM se koI eka samyagdarzana isa guNasthAna 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 27-28 / 2. guNasthAnakramAroha, zloka 23 / 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 30 / 4. vahI, gA0 31 / 5. (ka) tattvArthavArtika, 2 / 5 / 8, pR0 108 / (kha) paJcasaMgraha (prAkRta), gA0 135 / 6. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), mandaprabodhinI TIkA, gA0 31 / 7. tattvArthavArtika, pR0 108 / 8. dhavalA, 11111, sUtra 13, pR0 173-174 / 17

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258 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra meM hotA hai / ratnazekharasUri ne guNasthAnakramAroha meM kahA hai ki paMcama guNasthAna' meM ArttadhyAna maMda tathA dharmadhyAna madhyama hotA hai / 6. pramattasaMyata guNasthAna : isa avasthA taka Ate-Ate AtmA ke krodhAdi saMjvalana kaSAya aura hAsyAdi no-kaSAyoM ko chor3akara zeSa samasta mohanIya karma kA abhAva ho jAtA hai / pramattasaMyata guNasthAnavartI jIva Agama meM muni yA mahAvratI kahalAtA hai, kyoMki muni ke mUla aura uttara guNoM se pramattasaMyata jIvayukta hotA hai? / pramattasaMyata jIva ke sakala saMyama to hotA hai kintu isako dUSita karane vAle saMjvalana kaSAya tathA no-kaSAya ke udaya se utpanna vyakta tathA avyakta pramAda kA sadbhAva hotA hai / chaThe guNasthAna meM kSAyopazamika bhAva ke alAvA anya audAyika Adi bhAva nahIM hote haiM / isakA vizeSa vivecana dhavalA meM AcArya vIrasena ne kiyA hai / * ratnazekharasUri ne guNasthAnakramAroha meM kahA hai ki pramattavirata guNasthAna meM ArttadhyAna pramukha rUpa se hotA hai / " 5 7. apramattasaMyata guNasthAna : jisa guNasthAna meM strIkathA Adi pandraha prakAra pramAda se rahita saMyama hotA hai, use akalaMkadeva ne apramattasaMyata guNasthAna kahA haiM / gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) meM bhI kahA hai, 'krodhAdi saMjvalana kaSAya aura hAsya Adi no-kaSAya kA maMda udaya hone se apramatta guNa se yukta apramattasaMyata hotA hai' / isa guNasthAna meM kSAyopazamika bhAva tathA samyagdarzana kI apekSA kSAyika aura aupazamika bhAva bhI hotA hai / yaha guNasthAna do prakAra kA hai-- (ka) svasthAnApramatta saMyata aura (kha) sAtizaya apramatta - 1. guNasthAnakramAroha, zloka 25 / 2. (ka) vattAvattapamAde jo vasai pamatta saMjado hodi / sayalaguNasIla kalio, mahanvaI cittalAyaraNo // - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), gA0 33 / (kha) dhavalA, 11111, sU0 15, gA0 113 / 3. strIkathA, bhaktakathA, dezakathA, rAjakathA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu, zrotra, nidrA aura sneha - ye pandraha pramAda haiM / 4. dhavalA 1 / 1 / 1, sUtra 14, pR0 176-177 / 5. guNasthAnakramAroha, zloka 28 / 6. ( ka ) tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 1 / 18, pR0 590 / (kha) dhavalA, 1 / 1 / 1, sUtra 15, pR0 178 / 7. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), gA0 45 / 8. svasthAnApramattaH sAtizayApramattazceti dvau bhedau / - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, gAthA 45 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 259 (ka) svasthAnApramattasaMyata : ise niratizaya apramatta bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki zarIra aura AtmA ke bheda-vijJAna tathA mokSa ke kAraNabhUta dhyAna meM lIna rahane para bhI svasthAnApramatta saMyata upazama yA kSapaka zreNI para ArohaNa nahIM karatA hai|' yaha sAdhaka apramattasaMyata se pramattasaMyata aura pramattasaMyata se apramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM utaratA-car3hatA rahatA hai / (kha) sAtizayApramatta : mohanIya karma kI ikkIsa prakRtiyoM-cAra apratyAkhyAnI, cAra pratyAkhyAnI tathA cAra saMjvalana krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha evaM 9 hAsyAdi no-kaSAya-ke upazama yA kSaya ke kAraNabhUta AtmA ke tIna karaNa (vizuddha pariNAma)-adhaHkaraNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa hote haiM / inameM se zreNI kA ArohaNa karane vAlA sAtizayApramatta prathama adhaHkaraNa ko hI karatA hai / 2 gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM AcArya nemicandra ne isakI nimnAMkita vizeSatAeM pratipAdita kI haiM : (1) abhinnasamaya aura bhinnasamayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAma sadRza tathA visadRza donoM prakAra ke hote haiM / Upara aura nIce ke samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAma saMkhyA aura vizuddhi kI apekSA samAna hote haiM / isalie ise adhaHpravRtakaraNa kahate haiM / (2) isa karaNa kA kAla antarmuhUrta hotA hai / (3) isameM asaMkhyAta lokapramANa pariNAma hote haiM / 4 / 8. apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna : 'karaNa' kA artha hai-pariNAma yA bhAva / jo vizuddha pariNAma pahale nahIM utpanna hue the unakA utpanna honA, apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna hai / " isakI kucha vizeSatAeM nimnAMkita haiM : 1. apUrvakaraNa meM bhinna samayavartI jIvoM ke vizuddha pariNAma visadRza hI 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 46 / 2. vahI, gAthA 47 / 3. vahI, gAthA 48 / 4. vahI, gAthA 49 / 5. (ka) karaNAH pariNAmAH, na pUrvAH apuurvaaH| teSu praviSTA zuddhiryeSAM te apUrva karaNa praviSTa shuddhyH| - dhavalA, 11111, sUtra 16, pR0 180 / (kha) edampi guNaThANe visarisasamayaTThiyehiM jIvehi / / puvamapattA jamhA hoti yapuvA hu pariNAmA / / -gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 51 /

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260 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra hote haiM, kintu eka samayavartI jIvoM ke sAdRzya aura vaisAdRzya donoM prakAra ke hote haiN|' 2. isa guNasthAna kA kAla antarmuhUrta mAtra hai| ____3. apUrvakaraNa meM pariNAma kI saMkhyA pahale adhaH karaNa ke pariNAmoM kI apekSA asaMkhyAta guNI hai| ye pariNAma uttarottara prati samaya samAna rUpa se bar3hate rahate haiN| 4. isa guNasthAna meM sAdhaka zeSa cAritra mohanIya karma kA kSaya yA upazama karane ke lie uddhata hotA hai / 5. SaTkhaMDAgama meM kahA hai ki mohanIya karma kA upazamana karane vAlA sAdhaka upazama zreNI para athavA mohanIya karma kA kSaya karane vAlA sAdhaka kSapaka zreNI para ArohaNa karatA hai / 6. upazama zreNI para ArohaNa karane vAle sAdhaka ke aupazamikabhAva aura kSapaka zreNI para ArohaNa karane vAle sAdhaka ke kSAyika bhAva hote haiN| 7. ratnazekharasUri ne guNasthAna kramAroha meM kahA hai ki yahA~ para pRthaktva vitarka nAmaka zukla dhyAna hotA hai| 9. anivRttikaraNaguNasthAna : samAna samayavartI jIvoM ke vizuddha pariNAmoM kI bhedarahita vRtti arthAt nivRtti hotI hai| kahA bhI hai "antarmuhUrta mAtra anivRttikaraNa ke kAla meM se kisI eka samaya meM rahane vAle aneka jIvoM meM zarIra ke AkAra, varNa Adi tathA jJAnopayoga Adi kI apekSA bheda hotA hai| jina vizuddha pariNAmoM ke dvArA unameM bheda nahIM hotA hai, ve anivRttikaraNa pariNAma kahalAte haiN| unake pratyeka samaya meM uttarottara anantaguNI vizuddhi se bar3hate hue 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 52 / 2. vahI, gAthA 53 / 3. vahI, gAthA 53 / 4. gAthA 54 / 5. SaTkhaNDAgama, 11111, sUtra 16 / 6.guNasthAnakramAroha, 51 / 7. (ka) samAnasamayAvasthitajIvapariNAmAmAM nirbhedena vRttiH nivattiH / -dhavalA : 111 / 1, sUtra 17, pR0 183 / (kha) na vidyate nivRttiH vizuddhipariNAmabhedo yeSAM te anivattaya iti-- gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, gAthA 57 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 261 eka se hI (samAna vizuddhi ko liye hue hI) pariNAma pAe jAte haiM tathA ve atyanta nirmala dhyAna rUpI agni kI zikhAoM meM karma-vana ko bhasma karane vAle hote haiM / '' vIrasena ne kahA hai ki nivRtti kA artha vyAvRtti bhI hai / ataH jina pariNAmoM kI nivRtti arthAt vyAvRtti nahIM hotI hai ( kabhI bhI nahIM chUTate haiM ), unhe anivRtti kahate haiM / anivRttikaraNa meM prati samaya ( eka-eka samaya ) meM eka-eka hI pariNAma hotA hai, kyoMki isa guNasthAna meM eka samaya meM pariNAmoM ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa bheda nahIM hote haiM / yahA~ krodha, mAna, mAyA aura veda kA samUla kSaya ho jAtA hai| apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa meM bheda : __ (1) apUrvakaraNa meM anivRttikaraNa kI bhAMti samAna samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM nivRttirahita hone kA koI niyama nahIM hai / (2) apUrvakaraNa ke pariNAma meM pratisamaya jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa bheda hote haiM kintu anivRttikaraNa ke pariNAmoM meM isa prakAra ke bheda nahIM hote haiM / " 10. sUkSmasAmparAya-guNasthAna : sUkSmasAmparAya kA artha hai-sUkSma kaSAya / jisa guNasthAna meM sUkSma lobha kaSAya kA sadbhAva hotA hai, vaha sUkSmasAmparAya guNasthAna kahalAtA hai / AcArya nemicandra ne isakA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki raMga se raMge hue vastra ko dhone ke pazcAt jisa prakAra vastra meM sUkSma lAlimA rahatI hai, usI prakAra atyanta sUkSmarAga sUkSmasAmparAya guNasthAna meM bhI hotA hai / isa guNasthAna ke sAdhaka sUkSma kaSAya kA upazamana karane ke 1. (ka) gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 56-57 / (kha) vahI, gAthA 911-12 / (ga) SaDNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA, 11111, sUtra 17, gAthA 119-20 / 2. athavA nivRttiAvRttiH, na vidyate nivRttiryeSAM te'nivRttayaH / -dhavalA : 111 / 1, sUtra 17, pR0 183 / 3. vahI, 6.1, bhA0 918, sUtra 4, pR0 221 / 4. vahI, 11111, sUtra 17, pR0 183 / 5. jainendrasiddhAntakoSa, bhAga 2, pR0 14 / 6. sAmparAyaH kaSAyaH, - / tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 1 / 21, pR0 590 / 7. sUkSma sAmparAya sUkSma saMjvalana lobhaH / -gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), jIvaprabodhinI, TIkA : kezavavarNI, gAthA 339 / 8. dhuvakosuMbhayavatthaM hodi jahA suhumarAyasaMjuttaM / evaM suhamakasAo suhumasarAgotti NAdazvo |-gommttsaar (jIvakANDa), gAthA 58 /

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262 : janadarzana meM Atma-vicAra lie upazamana zreNI kA aura kSaya karane ke lie kSapaka zreNI kA ArohaNa karate haiM / kSayaka zreNI kA ArohaNa karane vAlA dasavAM guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka samasta kaSAyoM kA kSaya karake sIdhA bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai', dasaveM guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka meM kucha nyUna yathAkhyAtacAritra hotA hai / 2 11. upazAntamoha athavA upazAntakaSAya guNasthAna : yaha Atma-vikAsa kI vaha avasthA hai, jahA~ samasta mohanIya karma kA upazama hotA hai / isa guNasthAnavartI sAdhaka ko samasta kaSAyoM aura nokaSAyoM kA zamana usI prakAra ho jAtA hai, jaise nirmalI saMyukta jala kA kIcar3a yA zaradaRtu meM tAlAba ke jala se kIcar3a ke nIce baiTha jAne se pAnI svaccha ho jAtA hai| samasta mohanIya karma ke zamana ho jAne se AtmA vizuddha ho jAtA hai / 2 antarmuhUrta ke pazcAt kaSAya aura nokaSAya kA udaya hone se isa guNasthAnavartI AtmA kA patana hotA hai| yahA~ sAdhaka ke jJAnAvaraNa-darzanAvaraNa karma rahate haiN| isalie SaTkhaNDAgama meM ise upazAnta vItarAga chadmastha kahA gayA hai| 12. kSINakaSAya-vItarAga-chadmastha guNasthAna : kSapakazreNI para car3hane vAle muni ke samasta mohanIya karmoM ke kSaya hone se AtmA meM utpanna hone vAlI vizuddhi Agama meM kSINakaSAya-guNasthAna ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai / AcArya nemicandra ne kahA bhI hai, 'mohakarma ke niHzeSa kSINa ho jAne se jisakA citta sphaTika ke nirmala bartana meM rakhe hue jala kI taraha nirmala ho gayA hai, isa prakAra ke nirgrantha sAdhu ko vItarAgiyoM ne kSINa kaSAya kahA hai|5 akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika 1. guNasthAnakramAroha, zloka 73 / 2. -- / so suhamasAmparAo jahakhAeNUNao kiMci / -gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 60 / 3. (ka) vahI, gAthA 61 / (kha) upazAMtAH sAkalyena udayAyogyAH kRtAH kaSAyAH nokaSAyAH yana aso upazAntakaSAyAH iti nirukttayA atyanta prasanna cittatA sUcitA |-gommtt sAra (jIvakANDa), mandaprabodhinI TIkA, pR0 188 / 4. jidamohassa du jaiyA khINo moho havijja sAhussa / taiyA ha khINamoho bhaNNadi so NicchayavihiM |-smysaar : gAthA 33 / (kha) dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gA0 13, pR0 35 / 5. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gAthA 62 / 6. tattvArthavArtika, 9 / 1 / 22, pR0 590 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 263 meM bhI bArahaveM guNasthAna kA yahI svarUpa batalAyA hai / SaTkhaMDAgama meM bArahaveM guNasthAna ko kSINakaSAyachadmastha kahA gayA hai / ' vIrasena ne isakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai, 'jinakI kaSAya kSINa ho gayI hai, unheM kSINakaSAya kahate haiM / jo kSINakaSAya hote hue vItarAga hote haiM, unheM kSINakaSAya vItarAga kahate haiM / jo jJAnAvaraNa- darzanAvaraNa meM sthita haiM, unheM chadmastha kahate haiM / jo kSINakaSAya vItarAga hote hue chadmastha hote haiM, ve kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha kahalAte haiM / " abhayacandra cakravartI ne gommaTasAra jIvakANDa kI mandaprabodhinI TIkA meM kahA hai ki yahA~ para saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta antaraMga aura bahiraMga parigraha kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai, isaliye yaha guNasthAna nirgrantha kahalAtA hai / 13. sayogakevalI jina : AtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti kA ghAta karane vAle samasta ghAtiyA karma - mohanIya ( jisakA kSaya kSapaka zreNI meM ho gayA thA), jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ke kSaya ho jAne se kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke hone ke kAraNa sAdhaka kevalI kahalAne lagatA hai / mana, vacana aura kAya sambandhI yoga sahita honA sayoga hai / sayoga hote hue jo kevalI hote haiM, unheM paramAgama meM sayogakevalI kahate haiM / ghAtiyA karmoM se rahita hone se ye jina kahalAte haiM / isa prakAra terahaveM guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko sayogakevalI - jina kahate haiM / " isa guNasthAnavartI AtmA ko paramAtmA bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki ghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya se yahA~ kSAyika samyaktva, cAritra, jJAna, darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya rUpa nau kevala labdhiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| isake atirikta ise arahaMta, tIrthaMkara, parameSTi, bhAvamokSa evaM jIvanmukta bhI kahate hai kyoMki yahA~ anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya rUpa anantacatuSTaya kI prApti 1. SaTkhaNDAgama, 11111, sUtra 20 / 2. dhavalA : 1 / 1 / 1, sUtra 20, pR0 189 / 3. grathayaMti racayaMti saMsArakAraNaM karmabandhamiti granthA parigrahA : mithyAtvodAdaya : antaraMgAzcaturdaza, bahiraMgAzca kSetrAdayo dazatemayo : niSkrAMta : sarvAtmanA nirvRtto nirgrantha lakSaNasadbhAvAt / gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), prabodhinI TIkA, gAthA 62 ko TIkA / 4. dhavalA : 1 / 1 / 1, sUtra 22, pR0 192 / 5. asahAyaNANadaMsaNasahiyo iti kevalI hu jogeNa / juttotti sajogijiNo aNAiNihaNArise utto // - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), gA0 64 / 6. vahI, gA0 63 /

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264 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 1 ho jAtI hai / isa guNasthAna kI tulanA hama vaidika darzanoM meM abhimata jIvanmukta vyavasthA se kara sakate haiM / yahI vaha avasthA hai jisameM tIrthaMkara jaina dharma kA pravartana karate haiM / sayogakevalI ke jJAyikabhAva e evaM sUkSmakriyApratipAti zukla dhyAna hotA hai / antarmuhUrta se kama Ayu rahane para sayogakevalI dhyAnastha ho jAte haiM / 14. ayogakevalI jina caudahaveM guNasthAna meM AtmA kA carama vikAsa ho jAtA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM vIrasena ne kahA hai ki jisake mana, vacana aura kAyarUpa yoga nahIM hotA hai, vaha ayogakevalI kahalAtA hai| jo yoga, rahita kevalI aura jina hotA hai / vaha ayogakevalI jina kahalAtA hai / abhayacandra siddhAntacakravartI ne bhI gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) kI TIkA mandaprabodhinI meM tathA kezavavarNI ne jIvaprabodhinI meM bhI yahI kahA hai / ghAtiyA karmoM kA abhAva terahaveM guNasthAna meM rahatA hai, isa guNasthAna meM aghAtiyA karmoM kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai / AtmA kA svAbhAvika rUpa isa guNasthAna meM camakane lagatA hai / gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) meM kahA bhI hai, 'jo ( aThAraha hajAra" prakAra ke ) zIla kA svAmI hai, jisake karmoM ke Agamana kA AsravarUpI daravAjA pUrNa rUpa se banda ho gayA hai arthAt sapUrNa saMvara se yukta hai, tapAdi ke dvArA jisake samasta karmoM kI nirjarA ho cukI hai, aisA kAyayogarahita kevalI ayogakevalI kahalAtA hai / caudahaveM guNasthAna meM kSAyikabhAva evaM vyuparata kriyAnirvati 1. (ka) tatra bhAvamokSa, kevalajJAnotpatti : jIvanmuktorhatpadamityekArtha: / - paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti, TIkA gA0 150, pR0 216 / 2. (ka) pravacanasAra, 1 / 45 / 1 / 1 / 29, pR0 191 evaM ( kha ) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, gA0 63 / (kha) vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya -- dhavalA, 199 / 3. na vidyate yogo yasya sa bhavatyoga : kevalamasyAstIti kevalI / ayogazvAsau kevalI ca ayogakevalI | dhavalA, 11111, sUtra 22, pR0 192 / 4. (ka) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), mandaprabodhinI TIkA, gAthA 65 / (kha) vahI, jIvaprabodhinI TI0, gA0 10 / zIlAnAM aSTAdazasahasra saMkhyAnAM aizyaM IzvaratvaM svAmitvaM saMprApta: / - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), gA0 65 / 6. sIlesi saMpatto, niruddhaNissesaAsao jIvo / kammarayavimuko gayajogo kevalI hodi // - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), gA0 65 / 5.

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bandha aura mokSa : 265 nAmaka cauthA zukla dhyAna hotA hai| Ayukarma ko naSTa karake ayogakevalI sadaiva ke lie sAMsArika bandhanoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| uparyukta caudaha guNasthAnoM ke saMkSipta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki AtmA uttarottara vikAsa karatI huI caudahaveM guNasthAna meM apane Ayukarma kA bhI kSaya karake siddha aura mukta kahalAne lagatI hai / gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) meM kahA bhI hai, "jJAnAvaraNAdi aSTakarmoM se rahita, zAntimaya, bhAva aura dravya karma rUpI raja se mukta, anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha, anantavIrya, avyAbAdhaavagAhana, sUkSmatva, agurulaghu aSTaguNoM se yukta, kRtakRtya aura loka ke agrabhAga meM rahane vAle siddha hote haiN'|" vIrasena ne bhI kahA hai, "jisane aSTakarmoM kA kSaya kara diyA hai, bAhya padArthoM se jo nirapekSa hai, ananta anupameya svAbhAvika nirabAdha sukha kA jo anubhava kara rahA hai, sampUrNa guNoM se vihIna tathA sakala guNoM se yukta hai evaM jinakI AtmA kA AkAra mukta hue zarIra se kiMcit nyUna hai, jo parigraharahita hai aura lokAgra meM nivAsa karate haiM, ve siddha kahalAte haiN|" siddhoM ke uparyukta vizeSaNoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) kI TIkA meM kahA hai ki sadAziva siddhAntI mAnate haiM ki AtmA sadaiva karmoM se rahita hotI hai, unake isa siddhAnta kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie kahA gayA hai ki muktAvasthA meM hI AtmA karmoM se rahita hotA hai| sAMkhya dArzanika mukta AtmA ko sukhasvarUpa nahIM mAnate haiM, unake isa mata kA khaMDana karane ke lie kahA gayA hai ki mukta AtmA anupameya svAbhAvika sukha kA anubhava karatA hai / maskarI mata vAle muktAtmA kA saMsAra meM punaH vApasa AnA mAnate haiM, unake isa kathana kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie kahA gayA hai ki bhAva aura dravya karmoM ke abhAva meM saMsAra meM jIvoM kA punarAgamana nahIM hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki siddha ko niraMjana kahA gayA hai| bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kA khaMDana karane ke lie siddha ko nitya kahA gayA hai| nyAyavaizeSika muktAtmA ko jJAnAdi guNoM se zUnya honA mAnate haiM, unake khaNDana ke lie kahA hai ki siddha aSTaguNoM se 1. gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa) gA0 68 / 2. dhavalA, 11111, sUtra 23, pR0 200 / sadAzivaH sadA'karmA sAMkhyo muktaM sukhojjhitam / maskarI kila muktAnAM manyate punarAgatim / / kSaNikaM niguNaM caiva buddho yogazca manyate / kRtakRtyaM tyamIzAno maNDalI cordhvagAminam // -gommaTasAra, (jIvakANDa) jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, gA0 68 /

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266 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra yukta hote haiN| dharmasthApanA ke lie Izvara avatAra dhAraNa karatA hai| isake nirAkaraNa ke lie siddha ko kRtakRtya kahA gayA hai / maNDalI mata vAle mAnate haiM ki mukta AtmA sadaiva Urdhva gamana karatA rahatA hai, isa mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie kahA hai ki siddha lokAgra bhAga meM rahate haiN| ina vizeSaNoM kI vistRta mImAMsA Age kreNge| 2. mokSa-svarUpa aura usakA vizleSaNa : (ka) mokSa kA artha aura svarUpa : 'mokSa' kA artha hai-mukta honA / saMsArI AtmA karmabandha se yukta hotA hai| ataH AtmA aura bandha kA alaga ho jAnA mokSa hai| mokSa zabda 'mokSa Asane dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha chUTanA yA naSTa honA hotA hai| ataH samasta karmoM kA samUla Atyantika uccheda honA mokSa kahalAtA hai' / pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA bhI hai, "jaba AtmA karmamalakalaMkarUpI zarIra ko apane se sarvathA alaga kara detI hai / taba usake jo acintya svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNarUpa aura avyAbAdha sukharUpa sarvathA vilakSaNa avasthA utpanna hotI hai, use mokSa kahate haiN|" akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM eka udAharaNa dvArA mokSa ko samajhAte hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra bandhana meM par3A huA prANI jaMjIra Adi se chUTa kara svatantra hokara icchAnusAra gamana karate hue sukhI hotA hai, usI prakAra samasta karma bandhana ke naSTa ho jAne para AtmA svAdhIna hokara atyadhika jJAnadarzanarUpa anupama sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| AcArya vIrasena ne bhI yahI kahA hai|4 akalaMkadeva aura vidhA. nandI ne AtmasvarUpa ke lAbha hone ko mokSa kahA hai / jaina-darzana meM karmamaloM se mukta AtmA ko siddha kahA gayA hai / kundakundAcArya ne niyamasAra meM kahA hai ki siddha kSAyika samyaktva, anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya, sUkSmatva, avagAhanatva, agurulaghutva aura avyAbAdhatva ina 1. (kha) kRtsnakarmaviyogalakSaNo mokSaH / sarvArthasiddhi, 114 / (kha) sa AtyantikaH sarvakarmanikSepo mokSa ityucyate / -tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 1 / 37, pR0 10 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, utthAnikA, pR0 1 / 3. tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 4 / 27, pR0 12 / 4. dhavalA, pu0 13, khaM0 5, bhA0 5, sU0 82, pR0 348 / 5. AtmalAbha mokSaH-sarvArthasiddhi, 7 / 19 / 6. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1 / 1 / 4 / :

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bandha aura mokSa : 267 aSTaguNoM se yukta parama, lokAna meM sthita, nitya hote haiM / ' dhavalA meM bhI kahA gayA hai, 'jinhoMne aneka svabhAva vAle aSTakarmoM kA nAza kara diyA hai, jo tIna loka ke mastaka ke zikhara svarUpa haiM, duHkhoM se rahita haiM, sukha rUpI sAgara meM nimagna haiM, niraMjana haiM, nitya hai, ATha guNoM se yukta haiM, nirdoSa haiM, kRtakRtya hai, sarvajJa haiM, sarvadarzI haiM, vajrazilA se nirmita abhagna pratimA ke samAna abhedya, AkAravihIna aura atIndriya haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM AcArya zivakoTi ne kahA hai ki akaSAyatva, avedatva, akArakatva, zarIra-rahitva, acalatva, alepAvatva ye siddhoM ke AtyaMtika guNa hote haiM / 3 mokSa meM jIva kA asadbhAva nahIM hotA : bauddha dArzanikoM ne mokSa meM jIva kA abhAva mAnA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka ke bujha jAne se prakAza kA anta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra karmoM ke kSaya ho jAne se nirvANa meM cittasantati kA vinAza ho jAtA hai / ataH mokSa meM jIva kA astitva nahIM hotA hai| bauddhoM ke uparyukta mata kI mImAMsA karate hae jaina dArzanikoM ne kahA hai ki mokSa meM jIva kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai| vidyAnandI kA kahanA hai ki mokSa meM jIva ke abhAva ko siddha karane vAlA na to koI nirdoSa pramANa hai aura na koI samyak hetu hai / isalie mokSa meM jIva kA abhAva kahanA anucita hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jIva eka bhava se bhavAntara rUpa pariNamana karatA hai / jisa prakAra devadatta ke eka grAma se dUsare grAma jAne para usakA abhAva nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIva ke mukta hone para usakA abhAva nahIM hotaa|" bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne bauddhamata kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki dIpaka ke bujha jAne para dIpaka (prakAza) kA vinAza nahIM hotA, balki usa dIpaka ke taijasa paramANu andhakAra meM badala jAte haiN| isI prakAra mokSa hone para jIva kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai| karmoM ke kSaya hote hI AtmA apanI zuddha caitanyAvasthA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| kundakunda ne bhI kahA hai ki mokSa meM jIvoM kA asadbhAva mAnane 1. niyamasAra, gA0 72 / 2. dhavalA : 11111, sU0 1, gAthA 26-28 / 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 2157 / 4. pro0 harendraprasAda sinhA, bhAratIya darzana, pR0 127 / 5. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1 / 1 / 4 / pra0 ra0 pra0, TIkA, 211290 / 6. tattvArthavArtika, 10 / 4 / 17, pR0 644 / 7. paJcAstikAya, gA0 46 /

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268 : jenadarzana meM Atma-vicAra se usa jIva ke zAzvata uccheda, bhavya - abhavya, zUnya- azUnya, aura vijJAna avijJAna rUpa bhAvoM kA abhAva ho jAegA, jo anucita hai / ataH mokSa meM jIva kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai / muktAtmA kA AkAra: kucha bhAratIya dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki mukta AtmA nirAkAra hotI hai, lekina jaina dArzanika uparyukta mata se sahamata nahIM haiM / ' unakA mata hai ki yadyapi nizcayanaya kI apekSA mukta AtmA nirAkAra hotI hai, kyoMki vaha indriyoM se dikhalAI nahIM par3atI hai, lekina vyavahAranaya kI apekSA sAkAra hotI hai / " muktAtmA kA AkAra mukta hue zarIra se kiMcit nyUna arthAt kucha kama hotA hai / re mukta jIva ke aMtima zarIra se kucha kama hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki carama-zarIra ke nAka, kAna, nAkhUna Adi kucha aMgopAMga khokhale hote haiM, arthAt unameM Atmapradeza nahIM hote haiM / kahA bhI hai " zarIra ke kucha khokhale bhAgoM meM Atma-pradeza nahIM hote haiM / muktAtmA chidrarahita hone ke kAraNa pahale zarIra se kucha kama, momarahita sA~ce ke bIca ke AkAra kI taraha athavA chAyA pratibimba kI taraha, AkAra vAlI hotI hai / " mukta jIva sarvaloka meM vyApta nahIM hotA hai : mukta jova sarvalokavyApI nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki sAMsArika jIva ke saMkoca - vistAra kA kAraNa zarIra nAmakarma hotA hai aura usa karma kA yahA~ sarvathA abhAva hotA hai, ata : kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai / ' prazna : Dhake hue dIpaka para se AvaraNa ke haTA lene para usakA prakAza phaila jAtA hai, usI prakAra zarIra ke abhAva meM siddhoM kI AtmA lokAkAza pramANa kyoM nahIM ho jAtI hai ? uttara : yadyapi dIpaka meM svabhAvataH prakAza kA vistAra rahatA hai, tathApi AvaraNa se DhakA hotA hai / lekina jIva ke pradezoM kA vikasita honA svabhAva nahIM hai, balki hetuka hai, isalie vaha lokAkAza meM vyApta nahIM hotA / ataH 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 104, pR0 360 / 2. dravyasaMgraha, TIkA, gA0 51, pR0 196 / (ka) tiloyapaNNatti 9 / 10 3. tattvAnuzAsana, padya 232-233 / 4. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gAthA 14, pR0 38 / 5. vahI, gAthA 51, pR0 196 / aura bhI dekheM - tiloyapaNNatti : yativRSabhA cArya, 9 / 16 / 6. ( ka ) sarvArthasiddhi, 104, pR0 360 (kha) tattvArthasAra, 8/9-16 / /

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bandha aura mokSa : 269 sUkhI miTTI ke bartana kI taraha mukta AtmA meM karma ke abhAva se saMkoca-vistAra nahIM hotA hai|' mukta sthAna meM mukta jIva ke avasthAna kA abhAva : kucha bauddha dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki mukta jIva jisa sthAna se mukta hotA hai, usI sthAna para avasthita rahatA hai, kyoMki usameM saMkoca-vikAsa tathA gati ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hotA hai / ataH vaha na to kisI dizA aura vidizA meM gamana karatA hai aura na Upara aura na nIce hI jAtA hai / 2 sAMkala Adi se mukta hue kisI prANI kI taraha jIva mukta hue sthAna para hI avasthita rahatA hai / lekina jaina dArzanika uparyukta mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| inakA mantavya hai ki muktAtmA mukta hue sthAna para eka kSaNa bhI avasthita nahIM rahatA hai, balki apanI svAbhAvika Urdhvagamana zakti ke kAraNa Urdhvagamana karatA hai| kahA bhI hai-"laghu pAMca akSaroM kA uccAraNa jitanI dera meM hotA hai, utane samaya taka caudahaveM guNasthAna meM Thahara kara karmabandhana se rahita hokara zuddhAtmA svabhAva se Urdhvagamana karatI hai|"5 yadi jIva kA Urdhvagamana na mAna kara use yathAsthAna avasthita mAnA jAe, to puNyAtmAoM aura pApAtmAoM kA svarga-naraka gamana siddha nahIM ho sakegA aura paraloka bhI asiddha ho jaaegaa| ataH siddha hai ki deha tyAga ke sthAna meM AtmA avasthita nahIM rahatI hai| mukta jIva ke Urdhvagamana kA kAraNa : jIva kA karmakSaya aura Urdhvagamana eka sAtha hotA hai| zaMkA : mukta AtmA kA adhogamana tathA tiryaka-gamana kyoM nahIM hotA hai ? samAdhAna : jIva ko adholoka tathA tiryak dizA meM gati karAne vAlA kAraNa karma hotA hai aura usakA mukta jIva meM abhAva hotA hai, isalie mukta jIva tiryak yA adho dizA meM gamana karake svAbhAvika gati se Urdhvagamana karatA hai|6 umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM mukta jIva ke Urdhvagamana ke hetuoM kA dRSTAMta sahita ullekha kiyA hai, jo nimnAMkita hai : 1. (ka) dravyasaMgraha TIkA, 14, pR0 39 / / (kha) paramAtmaprakAza TI0, gA0 54, pR0 52 / 2. azvaghoSa-kRta saundarAnanda / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 104, pR0 360 / 4. tattvArthasUtra, 106 / 5. (ka) jJAnArNava, 42159 / (kha) tattvArthasAra, 8135 / 6. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, gA0 14 evaM 37 / 7. tattvArthasUtra, 10 // 6-7 /

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270 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra 1. pUrvaprayogAd, aviruddha kulAlacakravat : jisa prakAra kumbhakAra apane cakke ko DaNDe se ghumAne ke bAda DaNDA haTA letA hai, phira bhI purAne saMskAroM ke kAraNa cakkA ghUmatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra saMsArI jIva ne mukta hone ke pahale mukti ke lie aneka bAra praNidhAna aura prayatna kiye the / ataH mukta hone para praNidhAna aura prayatna na hone para bhI pahale ke saMskAroM ke vartamAna hone se mukta jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai / ataH Urdhvagamana kA eka kAraNa purAne saMskAroM kA honA hI hai / 2. asaMgatvAd, vyapagata lepAlAmbuvat : mukta jIva ke Urdhvagamana kA dUsarA kAraNa karmoM ke bhAra kA naSTa honA hai / jisa prakAra miTTI se lipta tumbI pAnI meM miTTI ke bhAra ke kAraNa DUbI rahatI hai, usI prakAra karmoM ke bhAra ke kAraNa jIva dabA rahatA hai / tumbI ke Upara lipta miTTI jaba pUrNatayA pAnI meM ghula jAtI hai, taba vaha tumbI pAnI ke Upara A jAtI hai, usI prakAra karmoM ke naSTa hone se jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai / 3. bandhacchedAt, eraNDabIjavat : eraNDa ke bIja ke Upara car3he hue chilake ke phaTane para eraNDa kA bIja Upara kI ora jAtA hai, usI taraha karma bandhana ke kaTa jAne para mukta jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai / 4. tathAgatipariNAmAcca, agnizikhAvacca : jisa prakAra agni kI zikhA svabhAvataH Upara kI ora uThatI hai, usI prakAra jIva kA svabhAva Urdhvagamana karanA hotA hai / jaba taka karma jIva ko isa svAbhAvika zakti ko roke rahatA hai, taba taka vaha pUrNatayA Urdhvagamana nahIM kara pAtA hai, magara jIva kI isa svAbhAvika zakti ko rokane vAle karmoM ke naSTa hone para jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti jJAnArNava, dharmazarmAbhyudaya Adi meM bhI jIva ke Urdhvagamana ke uparyukta hetu upalabdha haiM / " mukta jIva lokAnta taka hI jAtA hai : mukta jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki mukta jIva nirantara Urdhvagamana hI karatA rahatA hai, jaisA ki mAMDalika - matAvalambI mAnate haiM / mukta jIva loka ke aMtima bhAga taka hI Urdhvagamana karatA hai, isase Age vaha nahIM jAtA hai kyoMki usakI r 1. vyAkhyAprajJapti, 7 / 1 / 265 / jJAnArNava, 42 / 59 / dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 21 / 163 / 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 36 / 56-57 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 271 gati meM sahAyaka nimitta kAraNa rUpa dharmAstikAya dravya kA abhAva hotA hai| umAsvAmI ne kahA bhI hai-"dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt" / ' ___lokAnta meM jAkara sabhI mukta jIva eka sthAna-vizeSa para virAjamAna rahate haiM, jise Agamika zabdAvalI meM 'siddha zilA' kahate haiN| mukta jIva saMsAra meM vApasa nahIM Ate haiM : jainAgamoM meM maskarI (maMkhali) dArzanikoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo AjIvika-matAnuyAyI mAne jAte haiN| isa mata kA tathA sadAziva-matAnuyAyiyoM kA siddhAnta hai ki mukta jIva saMsAra meM dharma kA tiraskAra dekha kara usake saMsthApanArtha mokSa se punaH saMsAra meM vApasa A jAte haiN| kahA bhI hai : "sadAzivavAdI100 kalpa pramANa samaya vyatIta hone para jaba jagat zUnya ho jAtA hai, taba mukta jIva kA saMsAra meM vApasa honA mAnate haiN|" jaina dArzanika uparyukta mata se sahamata nahIM hai / inakA kahanA hai ki jIva eka bAra saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta bhAvakarma aura dravya-kama kA sarvathA vinAza karake mokSa pAne ke bAda vahA~ se kabhI vApasa nahIM Ate haiN| sAMkhya aura vedAnta dArzanika bhI mukta jIvoM kA vApasa AnA nahIM mAnate haiM / 5 jaina AcAryoM kA mata hai ki saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta mithyAdarzanAdi kA mukta jIva meM abhAva hotA hai, isalie ve saMsAra meM punaH vApasa nahIM Ate haiM / yadi karmoM ke abhAva meM bhI mukta jIva kA saMsAra meM Agamana mAnA jAe, to kAraNakArya kI vyavasthA naSTa ho jAegI, jo anucita hai| kisI sthAna-vizeSa para rakhe hue bartana Adi kI taraha mukta jIva kA saMsAra kI ora patana mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki gurutva svabhAva vAle paudgalika padArtha Upara se nIce girate haiM, muktAtmA meM yaha svabhAva nahIM hotA hai / saMsArI AtmA karma-pudgaloM ke sambandha 1. tattvArthasUtra, 108 / 2. vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya-bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1133; trilokasAra, 556-58, tiloyapaNNatti, 8 / 652-658 / / 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, gA0 69 / syAdvAdamaJjarI, pR0 42 / 4. dravyasaMgraha, gA0 14, pR0 40 / muNDakopaniSad, 3 / 2 / 6 / syAdvAdamaJjarI, . hindI TIkA0, kA0 29 / 5. sAMkhyadarzana, 6 / 17 / vedAntasUtra, 4 / 4 / 22 / 6. tattvArthavArtika, 10 / 4 / 4, pR0 642 / tattvArthasAra, 8 / 8 / 11 / 7. tattvArthavArtika, 10 / 4 / 8, pR. 643 /

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272 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra se gurutva rUpa ho jAtI hai aura unakA muktAtmA meM abhAva hotA hai| ataH agurulaghu svabhAva vAlI AtmA kI mokSa se cyuti usa prakAra se nahIM hotI hai, jisa prakAra gurutva svabhAva vAle Ama kA DAla se TapakanA hotA hai yA pAnI bhara jAne se jahAja kA DUbanA ho jAtA hai|' muntAtmA ko jJAtA aura draSTA hote hue bhI, vItarAga hone ke kAraNa karuNAdi ke utpanna na hone se, karmabandha nahIM hotA, isalie bhI muktAtmA saMsAra meM vApasa nahIM AtA hai / 2 mukta jIva ke saMsAra meM na Ane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki use aparimita anAkula sukha kI upalabdhi hotI hai / isake atirikta jo AtmA eka bAra karmarahita ho gayA hai, vaha punaH karmoM se yukta usI prakAra nahIM hotA, jisa prakAra eka bAra sone se kiTTakAlimAdi nikala jAne para punaH sonA usase yukta nahIM hotA / ' mukta jIva kA saMsAra meM punaH vApasa AnA mAnA jAe, to saMsArI aura mukta jIvoM meM koI antara nahIM rhegaa| ataH siddha hai ki mukta jIva vApasa nahIM Ate / AkAza meM avagAhana-zakti hai, isalie thor3e-se AkAza meM aneka siddha usI prakAra se raha sakate haiM, jisa prakAra aneka mUrtamAn dIpaka kA prakAza alpa sthAna meM avirodha rUpa se rahatA hai / ataH mukta jIvoM meM paraspara avirodha nahIM pAyA jaataa| mukta jIva kA punarAgamana na hone para bhI saMsAra ko jIva-zUnyatA kA abhAva : saMsAra meM mukta jIvoM kA punarAgamana mAnane vAloM kA kathana hai ki mokSa se mukta jIva vApasa nahIM Ate haiM aura jIvarAzi sImita hai, (usameM kisI taraha kI vRddhi nahIM hotI), to eka dina aisA A sakatA hai, jaba saba jIva mukta ho jAyeMge aura yaha saMsAra jIvoM se khAlI ho jAyagA / 6 kintu uparyukta prazna ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jitane jIva mokSa jAte haiM utane hI jIva 1. tattvArthasAra, 8 / 11-2 / tattvArthavArtika, 1 / 9 / 8, pR0 643 / 2. tattvArthavArtika, 10 / 4 / 5-6 / 3. yogasAra, 78 / 4. vahI, 9 / 53 / 5. (ka) tattvArthavArtika, 10 / 4 / 9, pR0 643 / / (kha) tattvArthasAra, 8 / 13-14 / 6. nanvanAdikAlamokSagacchatAM jIvAnAM jagacchUnyaM bhavatIti / -dravyasaMgraha, 37 / 141 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 273 'nigoda' (ananta jIvoM kA nivAsa sthAna) se nikalate rahate haiN| kahA bhI hai-"jitane jIva mokSa prApta karate haiM, utane prANI anAdi nigodavanaspati. rAzi meM se A jAte haiM / isalie nigodarAzi meM se jIvoM ke nikalate rahane ke kAraNa saMsArI jIvoM kA kabhI sarvathA kSaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| jitane jIva aba taka mokSa ko prApta hue haiM aura Age jAne vAle haiM, ve nigoda jIvoM ke anantaveM bhAga bhI na haiM aura na hue haiM aura na hoNge|" ataH siddha hai ki mukta jIvoM ke vApasa na hone para saMsAra jIvoM se khAlI nahIM ho sakatA hai / isI prakAra aura bhI aneka TokAkAroM ne apanA mata vyakta kiyA hai| gommaTasAra kI TIkA meM likhA hai, "kadAcit ATha samaya adhika chaha mAha meM caturgatika jIva rAzi se nikala kara 108 jIva mokSa jAte haiM aura utane hI jIva nitya nigoda bhava ko chor3akara caturgati bhava meM A jAte haiM" / ' dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA meM jIvarAzi ke anta na hone ko siddha karate hue kahA hai ki bhaviSyat kAla ke samaya krama se naSTa hote rahane se bhaviSyat kAla kI nyUnatA hotI hai, kintu samaya rAzi kA anta nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra jIvoM ke mukta hone se yadyapi jIvarAzi kI nyUnatA hotI hai, tathApi usa jIvarAzi kA anta nahIM hotA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki abhavya ke samAna sabhI bhavya jIvoM ko bhI mokSa-prApti nahIM hotI hai, ataH jIvarAzi kA anta kisI prakAra bhI sambhava nahIM hai| parimita vastu hI ghaTatI-bar3hatI hai tathA usI kA anta sambhava hai / aparimita vastu meM nyUnAdhikatA tathA sarvathA vinAza hone kA prazna nahIM hotaa| jIvarAzi ananta arthAt aparimita hai, ataH bhavya jIvoM kI mukti hone para bhI saMsAra jIvarAzi se rikta nahIM hotaa| (kha) jainetara bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA meM mAnya mokSa-svarUpa kI mImAMsA: bhAratIya cintakoM ne mokSa ko mahatvapUrNa mAnakara usa para gambhIratApUrvaka 1. sijjhanti jattiyA khalu iha sNvvhaarjiivraasoo| - eMti aNAivaNassai rAsIo tattiA tammi / / -syAdvAdamaJjarI, kA0 29 pR0 259 para uddhRta / 2. vahI, pR0 259-60 / 3. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), jIvapradIpikA TIkA, gA0 197, pR0 441 / 4. bRhadravyasaMgraha, TIkA, gA0 37, pR0 141 / 5. syAdvAdamaJjarI, kA0 29, pR0 260 / 18

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274 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra cintana kiyA hai / sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki AtmasvarUpa kA lAbha hI mokSa hai / lekina Atma-svarUpa kI taraha mokSa-svarUpa meM bhI vibhinnatA hai / dArzanika buddhayAdi vizeSaguNoM kA uccheda honA mokSa mAnate haiM, kucha zuddha caitanya mAtra meM AtmA kA avasthAna honA hI mokSa kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate haiM, kucha mokSa ko sukhoccheda arthAt sukhavihIna rUpa aura kucha mokSa ko eka mAtra Ananda svabhAva kI abhivyakti rUpa mAnate haiM / jaina dArzanika mokSa ke uparyukta svarUpa se sahamata nahIM haiM / ataH yahA~ una para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai / (a) buddhadhAdika no vizeSa guNoM kA uccheda honA mokSa nahIM hai : nyAya-vaizeSika, kumArila bhaTTa aura prabhAkara kA yaha siddhAnta ki buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma aura saMskAra kA samUla uccheda honA hI mokSa hai, lekina mokSa kA yaha svarUpa jaina dArzanikoM ko svIkAra nahIM hai / prabhAcandra nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanikoM se prazna karate haiM ki Apa buddhi Adi jina nau guNoM kA mokSa meM uccheda honA mAnate haiM, ve guNa AtmA se bhinna haiM yA abhinna yA kathaMcid bhinna ? yadi buddhi Adi guNoM ko AtmA se bhinna mAnA jAe, to hetu AzrayAsiddha ( hetu kA pa meM abhAva) ho jAtA hai, kyoMki santAnI se sarvathA bhinna santAna kahIM bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai / ataH AtmA se bhinna buddhi Adi santAna rUpa guNoM kA Azraya pakSa siddha na hone se AtmA se unheM bhinna mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / uparyukta doSa se bacane ke lie mAnA jAya ki buddhi Adi guNa AtmA se abhinna haiM aura usake ina abhinna guNoM kA uccheda honA mokSa hai, to unakA yaha pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki abhinna / hone kA tAtparya hai AtmA aura guNoM kA eka honA yadi AtmA se abhinna guNoM kA uccheda honA mokSa mAnA jAe, to guNoM ke naSTa hone se AtmA kA bhI uccheda ho jAegA, phira mokSa kI prApti kisako hogI ? jaba AtmA kA vinAza ho jAegA, taba yaha kahanA vyartha ho jAegA ki mokSa meM AtmA buddhi Adi guNoM se zUnya ho jAtI hai / ataH buddhi Adi guNoM ko AtmA se abhinna mAnakara unakA uccheda mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai / aba yadi nyAya-vaizeSika yaha 1. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 4 / 39 / 2. nyAyakumudacandra : prabhAcandra, pR0 825 / SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA : guNaratna, pR0 285 / 3. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 317 / 4. vahI /

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bandha aura mokSa : 275 mAne ki buddhi Adi guNa AtmA se kathaMcid abhinna haiM to vaisA mAnane se nimnAMkita doSa Ate haiM 1. siddhAnta virodha nAmaka doSa AtA hai kyoMki naiyAyikAdi mata meM kathaM cidbhAva mAnya nahIM hai| 2. dUsarI bAta yaha ki kathaMcid abheda mAnane para buddhi Adi guNoM kA atyanta uccheda nahIM ho sktaa| 3. tIsarA doSa yaha hai ki kathaMcid abhinna siddhAnta jaina mAnate haiM, ataH isase jaina mata kI siddhi ho jaaegii| ataH, uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki mokSa meM AtmA ke buddhi Adi guNoM kA uccheda nahIM hotaa| 'santAnatvAt' hetu bhI ThIka nahIM hai : nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne mokSa meM AtmA ke buddhi Adi guNoM ke uccheda hetu yaha tarka diyA thA ki dIpaka kI santAna-paramparA ko taraha AtmA ke buddhi Adi vizeSa guNoM kI santAna-paramparA kA uccheda ho jAtA hai| yahA~ 'santAnatvAt' hetu viruddha hetvAbhAsa se dUSita hai [viparIta sAdhya ko siddha karatA hai] / kArya-kAraNa kSaNoM kA pravAha santAna hai, kintu isa santAna kA lakSaNa ekAnta nitya aura ekAnta anitya tattva meM nahIM bntaa| isake viparIta kathaMcid nitya, kathaMcid anitya siddhAnta meM hI santAna kA svarUpa ghaTita hone se 'santAnatvAt' hetu se kathaMcid nitya evaM kathaMcid anitya kI siddhi hotI hai / ataH, viruddha hetvAbhAva se dUSita hone ke kAraNa yaha hetu buddhi Adi guNoM ke mokSa meM uccheda-rUpa sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM kara sakatA hai. / dUsarI vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki 'santAnatva'-hetu sAmAnya hai yA vizeSa ? yadi isa hetu ko sAmAnya mAnA jAe, to anaikAntika doSa AtA hai, (hetu kA vipakSa meM bhI rahanA anaikAntika doSa hai) kyoMki gagana Adi meM bhI 'santAnatva'-hetu rahatA hai, kintu usakA atyanta uccheda nahIM hotA / 3 isI prakAra, 'santAnatva'-hetu ko vizeSa mAnanA Thoka nahIM hai, kyoMki isa viSaya meM bhI vikalpa hote haiM ki 'santAnatva' hetu utpAdana-upAdeyabhUta buddhi Adi kSaNa-vizeSa rUpa hai athavA pUrvApara sAmAnya jAti kSaNa pravAha-rUpa ? prathama vikalpa asAdhA1. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 826 / 2. (ka) nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 827 / (kha) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 317 / (ga) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, TIkA : guNaratna, pR0 286 / 3. vhii| 4, vahI /

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276 : jainadarzana meM Atma- vicAra raNanaikAnta ( sAdhya ke abhAva vAle adhikaraNa meM hetu kA rahanA asAdhAraNa anaMkAnta hai ) nAmaka doSa se dUSita hai, kyoMki santAnatva- hetu dRSTAnta meM nahIM rahatA hai / pUrva - apara sAmAnya jAti kSaNa pravAha rUpa santAnatva hai, yaha dUsarA vikalpa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha anaikAntika doSa se dUSita hai / pAkaja paramANu ke rUpAdi meM santAnatva-hetu rahatA hai, kintu pAkaja paramANu ke rUpAdi kA atyanta uccheda nahIM hotA / prabhAcandra kI taraha malliSeNa ne bhI 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' meM santAna hetu ko dUSita batalA kara siddha kiyA hai ki isa hetu se buddhi Adi guNoM se vihIna mokSa kA svarUpa- mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / " udAharaNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai : apane siddhAnta kI puSTi meM nyAyavaizeSikoM dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA dIpaka kA udAharaNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki dIpaka kA atyanta uccheda nahIM hotA / dIpaka ke bujhane para dIpaka ke camakane vAle ( bhAsura rUpa) taijasa paramANu kI paryAya badala jAtI hai| tAtparya yaha ki ve taijasa paramANu bhAsura rUpa ko chor3a kara andhakAra rUpa meM parivartita ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra, siddha hai ki zabda, vidyut evaM pradIpAdi kA uccheda paryAya rUpa se hotA hai, arthAt - pUrva - paryAya naSTa ho jAtI hai aura ve uttara paryAya dhAraNa kara lete haiM / ataH, sAdhya vikala dRSTAnta hone ke kAraNa buddhi Adi guNoM ke uccheda-rUpa mokSa siddha nahIM hotA / " jJAna mAtra niHzreyas kA hetu nahIM : viparyaya jJAna ke vyavaccheda ke krama-rUpa tattvajJAna ko niHzreyas (mokSa) kA hetu mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki viparyaya jJAna kA vinAza hone para dharma-adharma kA abhAva ho sakatA hai aura dharma-adharma ke abhAva se unake kArya - zarIra, indriya kA abhAva hone para bhI ananta aura atIndriya samasta padArthoM ko jAnane vAle samyagjJAna aura sukhAdi santAna kA abhAva nahIM hotA / indriyaja jJAnAdi guNoM kA uccheva jaina varzana ko bhI mAnya : prabhAcandrAcArya prazna karate haiM ki do prakAra ke buddhi Adi guNoM meM se mokSa meM kauna-se guNoM kA vinAza hotA hai, kyA indriyoM se utpanna hone vAle buddhi Adi guNoM kA athavA 1. syAdvAdamaJjarI, kA0 8, pR0 61-62 // 2. ( ka ) nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga 1, pR0 827 | (kha) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pari0 2, pR0 318 / 3. vahI /

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bandha aura mokSa : 277 AtmA se utpanna hone vAle buddhi Adi guNoM kA' ? yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki mokSa meM indriyoM se utpanna buddhi Adi guNoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai to siddhasAdhana nAmaka doSa AtA hai, kyoMki jaina siddhAnta meM bhI yaha mAnA gayA hai ki mokSa meM indriyaja jJAnAdi santAna kA uccheda ho jAtA hai / 2 atIndriya guNoM ke uccheda se AtmA kI jar3avattA : yadi nyAya-vaizeSika yaha mAnate haiM ki AtmA janya atIndriya guNoM kA atyanta uccheda ho jAtA hai, to inakA yaha mantavya bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki atIndriya buddhi Adi guNoM ke uccheda hone se AtmA patthara ke samAna ho jAegA / ataH, isa prakAra sarvavinAzI nirarthaka mokSa ke lie mokSArthI tapazcaraNa, yoga sAdhanA, samAdhi vagairaha kyoM kareMge ? nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke mokSa svarUpa se khinna ho kara vicArakoM ne aisI mukti pAne kI apekSA vana meM gIdar3a bana kara rahanA svIkAra kiyA hai 13 ata:, siddha hai ki buddhi Adi guNoM ke uccheda rUpa mokSa kA svarUpa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / zuddha caitanyamAtra meM AtmA kA avasthAna honA mokSa nahIM : sAMkhya dArzanika mAnate haiM ki prakRti aura puruSa ko eka mAnanA ajJAna hai aura isI ajJAna kA vinAza ho jAne para puruSa bheda-vijJAna se apane ko prakRti se bhinna mAnane lagatA hai / isa taraha puruSa apane svAbhAvika zuddha caitanya svarUpa meM sthita ho jAtA hai, isI kA nAma mokSa hai / sAMkhya bhI nyAya-vaizeSika kI taraha yaha mAnate haiM ki mokSa meM AtmA yA puruSa meM duHkha-sukha aura jJAnAdi nahIM rahate haiM / " kyoMki sukha-duHkha Adi sAMkhya-mata meM prakRti kA kArya hai, ataH prakRti ke alaga ho jAne se sukhAdi kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai / nyAya-vaizeSikoM kI apekSA sAMkhyoM ke mokSa-svarUpa kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki nyAya-vaizeSika mokSa meM AtmA ke caitanya kA vinAza mAnatA hai, jaba ki sAMkhya caitanya svarUpa meM puruSa ke avasthita hone ko mokSa mAnatA hai / 1. nyAya kumudacandra, pR08 27 / 2. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 318 | 3. varaM vRndAvane vAsa:, yUgAlezca sahoSitam / na tu vaizeSikIMmuktiM, gautamo gantumicchati // -- SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR0 287 / 4. ( ka ) aSTasahasrI vidyAnandi, pR0 66 / (kha) syAdvAdamaJjarI, kA0 15, 141 / (ga) prameyakamalamArtaNDa : pari0 2, pR0 316 / pR0 5. ( ka ) sAMkhyakArikA, 65-66 / (kha) sAMkhyasUtra pravacanabhASya 69, -- evaM 6 / 5 /

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278 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra * jaina dArzanikoM ne sAMkhya ke uparyukta mokSa-svarUpa para vimarza karate hue kahA hai ki sirpha caitanya-svarUpa meM avasthAna honA mokSa nahIM hai, kyoMki sirpha caitanya hI AtmA kA svarUpa nahIM hai| AtmA anantajJAnAdi svarUpa hai, isalie apane anantajJAnAdi 'caitanya-vizeSa' meM avasthita honA mokSa kahalAtA hai|' yadi puruSa ko anantajJAnAdi svarUpa na mAnA jAe, to AtmA sarvajJa nahIM ho skegii| prakRti ko AkAza kI taraha acetana hone ke kAraNa sarvajJa mAnanA asaMgata hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jJAnAdi ko bhI sarvajJa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki anubhava kI taraha jJAnAdi bhI utpatti-vinAzayukta hone se AtmA kA svabhAva hai / jJAnAdi anubhava kI taraha svasaMvedya haiM / vidyAnanda ne 'aSTasahasrI' meM kahA hai ki jJAnAdi anubhava kI taraha AtmA ke svabhAva haiM aura sukha bhI caitanya hone se jJAnAdi kI taraha AtmA kA svabhAva hai| ataH, siddha hai ki caitanya meM avasthAna honA AtmA kA mokSa nahIM hai| sAMkhyamata meM bheda-vijJAna sambhava nahIM hai : sAMkhya-mata meM bheda-vijJAna bhI siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki viveka jJAna meM jijJAsA hotI hai ki yaha viveka jJAna kisako hotA hai, prakRti ko athavA puruSa ko ? prakRti jJAna se zUnya hone ke kAraNa use viveka ho nahIM sktaa| puruSa ko bhI viveka nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha ajJAna samUha meM sthita rahatA hai, phalataH vaha svayaM ajJAnI hai| isake atirikta eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki prakRti jar3a hone ke kAraNa yaha nahIM samajha sakatI hai ki puruSa ne mujhe kurUpa samajha liyA hai, ataH prakRti puruSa se alaga nahIM ho sakatI hai| prakRti ko mukta puruSa se alaga hone meM doSa : eka bAta yaha hai ki yadi puruSa ne prakRti ko kurUpa samajha bhI liyA hai, to bhI use saMsArI strI kI taraha mukta puruSa ke pAsa bhI bhogArtha pahu~ca jAnA cAhie, kyoMki puruSa ke pAsa 1. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 50 2, pR0 327 / (kha) aSTasahastrI, pR0 66 / 2. vhii| 3. acetanA jJAnAdaya utpattimatvAd ghaTAdivat--, na hetoranubhavenAne kAntAt |---prmeykmlmaartnndd, 10 327 / 4. aSTasahasrI, pR0 67 / 5. (ka) nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 821 / (kha) SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR0 292 / 6. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 822 / 7. vhii|

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bandha aura mokSa : 279 bhogArtha jAnA usakA svabhAva hI hai| yadi prakRti mokSa kI sthiti meM puruSa ke pAsa pahu~ca jAtI hai, to use mokSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadi vaha maktAsmA ke pAsa nahIM jAtI hai, to isakA tAtparya hogA ki usane apanA svabhAva chor3a diyA hai| prakRti ke svarUpa meM bheda mAnane kA tAtparya hogA prakRti kA anitya honA, jo ki sAMkhyoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| yadi pariNAmI hote hue bhI prakRti ko nitya mAnA jAe to puruSa ko bhI isI prakAra pariNAmI hone se nitya mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki puruSa pahale ke muktasvabhAva ko chor3akara amukta svabhAva ko dhAraNa kara letA hai / ataH mukta se amukta svabhAva kI taraha yaha bhI mAna lenA cAhie ki AtmA sukhAdi rUpa meM bhI pariNata hotA hai| isa prakAra, siddha hai ki mAtra caitanyasvarUpa meM avasthAna honA mokSa nahIM hai| ___mokSa atyanta sukhoccheda rUpa nahIM hai : bhAratIya-darzana meM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki kyA mokSa atyanta duHkhoccheda rUpa hai yA sukhoccheda rUpa yA donoM kA eka sAtha uccheda rUpa, arthAt-mokSa meM kevala duHkhoM kA vinAza hotA hai yA sukha kA vinAza hotA hai yA sukha-duHkha donoM kA hotA hai ? hama pIche vivecana kara Aye haiM ki isa viSaya meM sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika ekamata haiM ki mokSa meM duHkha kA atyanta uccheda ho jAtA hai| kintu nyAya-vaizeSika, prabhAkara, sAMkhya tathA bauddha dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki mokSa meM duHkha kI taraha sukha kA bhI atyanta uccheda ho jAtA hai| isake viparIta vedAntI darzanika kumArilabhaTTa tathA jainadArzanika mokSa meM AtmIya atIndriya sukha kA uccheda honA nahIM mAnate haiM / mokSa meM Atmika, anantasukha kA anubhava hotA hai : jaina dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki sukha do prakAra kA hotA hai :- indriyaja aura Atmaja athavA vaibhAvika (Agantuka) aura svAbhAvika / indriyajanya sukha kA mokSAvasthA meM vinAza ho jAtA hai, kyoMki usa samaya indriya zarIrAdi kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| ataH indriyajanya sukha mokSAvasthA meM nahIM hotA hai| kiMtu mokSa meM Atmika sukha kA abhAva mAnanA ThIka nahIM, kyoMki AtmA sukharUpa hai aura apane svarUpa meM sthita ho jAnA hI mokSa hai| yadi AtmA kA svabhAva hI naSTa ho jAegA, to kyA bacegA ? ataH 1. nyAyakumudacaMdra : prabhAcandra, pu0 823 / 2. vahI / aura bhI dekheM-Sa0 da0 sa0 : TIkA-guNaratna, pR0 293-94 / 3. duHkhAtyanta samucchede sati prAgAtmavartitaH / sukhasya manasA muktirmuktiruktA kumArilaiH / / -bhAratIya darzana : DA0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 612 /

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280 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra siddha hai ki mokSa meM AtmA ke svAbhAvika sukha kA uccheda nahIM hotA / ' AcArya guNaratna ne bhI SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jisa avasthA meM atIndriya aura buddhigrAhya Atyantika sukha kI prApti hotI hai, vahI mokSa hai aura yaha pApI AtmAoM ko prApta nahIM hotA / 13 ataH mokSAvasthA meM Atmajanya atIndriya ananta sukha kA anubhava hotA hai / yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki saMsAra ke viSayajanya sukha kI taraha mokSa kA sukha, duHkha se yukta nahIM hai aura na usase rAgabandha hotA hai| kyoMki rAga karmoM ke kAraNa hotA hai aura mokSa meM sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai / ataH, mokSAvasthA meM sukha kA uccheda nahIM hotA / mokSa kA sukha ananta, apUrva, avyAbAdha, anupama aura avinAzI hotA hai / 5 mokSa Anandaika svabhAva kI abhivyakti svarUpa mAtra nahIM : advaita vedAnta darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki mukta hone para jIva saccidAnanda brahma meM lIna ho jAtA hai aura vaha alaukika Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai / ataH Ananda mAtra kI anubhUti honA hI mokSa hai / nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya yoga, mImAMsA Adi dArzanikoM kI taraha vedAntI yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki mokSa meM jJAnAdi kA abhAva hotA hai / 6 jaina dArzanika vedAnta kI taraha yaha mAnate haiM ki mokSa Ananda-svarUpa hai lekina, Ananda ko cirUpatA kI taraha ekAnta rUpa se nitya mAnanA jainoM ko mAnya nahIM hai / kyoMki cidrUpatA bhI ekAntarUpa se nitya nahIM hai / sabhI vastue~ na to sarvathA nitya hotI haiM aura na sarvathA anitya, kintu kathaMcid nitya aura kathaMcid anitya hotI haiM / AcArya hemacandra ne bhI pradIpa se AkAza 7 1. syAdvAdamaJjarI : malliSeNa, kA0 1, 8, pR0 60 / 2. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR0 288 / 3. gItA, 6 / 21 / 4. ( ka ) syAdvAdamaJjarI, pR0 73-64 / (kha) tattvAnuzAsana, zloka 237 39, 41 / 5. dharmazarmAbhyudaya 21 / 165 / 6. anantasukhameva muktasya na jJAnAdikamityAnandaika mokSaH --- aSTasahasrI, pR0 69 / nanu paramaprakarSa prApta sukhasvabhAvartava Atmano mokSaH na tu jJAnAdi svabhAvatA, nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 831 / tatra pramANAbhAvAt / 7. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pari0 2, 320 / svabhAvAbhivyakti

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bandha aura mokSa : 281 paryanta samasta padArthoM ko nityAnitya svabhAva vAlA batalAyA hai|' AcArya prabhAcandra kA kahanA hai ki AnandarUpatA ke pratibandhaka (rokane vAle) kAraNoM ke naSTa ho jAne para mokSAvasthA meM AtmA jJAnasukhAdi kA kAraNa hotA hai / saMsArI . avasthA meM bhI viziSTa dhyAnAdi meM avasthita samavRtti vAle puruSoM ko AnandarUpa anubhava hotA hai / isI prakAra jaina dArzanika yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki anAdi avidyA ke vilaya se Ananda-rUpatA kI abhivyakti hotI hai| jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha prakAra ke karmapravAha-rUpa anAdi avidyA ke naSTa hone para anantasukha, anantajJAnAdi rUpa mokSa kI prApti hotI hai|3 mukta AtmA saMvedya svabhAva hai yA asaMvedya ? : advaita vedAntI mokSa ko jJAnAdi svarUpa na mAnakara kevala anantasukhasvarUpa mAnate haiM / ataH AcArya vidyAnandI unase prazna karate haiM ki mukta puruSa anantasukha kA anubhava karatA hai yA nahIM ?" yadi mukti meM AtmA sukha kA anubhava karatI hai, to saMvedya, arthAt jAnane yogya ke rUpa meM anantajJAna kI siddhi ho hI jAtI hai| kyoMki anantasukha ke anubhava hone kA tAtparya yahI hai ki usakA saMvedana hotA hai / yadi anantasukha kA saMvedana nahIM hotA hai, to phira AtmA ke lie anantasukha saMvedya hotA hai, yaha kahanA paraspara virodhI bAta hai| ataH, mokSa meM saMvedya svabhAva AtmA ko mAnane se siddha hai ki anantasukha kI taraha ananta jJAnAdi kI bhI abhivyakti hotI hai| yadi vedAntI mukta AtmA ko saMvedya rUpa nahIM mAneMge to use AnandasvarUpa kahanA bhI asaMgata hogaa| mukta AtmA ko bAhya padArthoM kA jJAna kyoM nahIM hotA : advaita vedAnta kA yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki mukta AtmA ko ananta sukha kA saMvedana hotA hai, kintu use bAhya padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA / vidyAnandI prazna karate haiM ki muktAtmAoM ko bAhya padArthoM kA jJAna kyoM nahIM hotA, bAhya padArthoM kA abhAva hone se athavA indriyoM kA abhAva hone se ? bAhya padArthoM kA abhAva hai isalie muktAtmA ko sukha kA bhI saMvedana (anubhava) nahIM ho skegaa| kyoMki, bAhA padArthoM kI taraha sukha kA bhI abhAva mAnanA par3egA, yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to brahma aura sukha kI sattA hone se dvaita hone kA prasaMga aayegaa| aba 1. anyayogavyavacchedikA, zloka 5 / 2. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 320 / 3. vhii| 4. aSTasahasrI, pR0 69 / 5. vhii|

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282 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki indriyoM kA abhAva hotA hai, isalie bAhya padArthoM kA jJAna muktAtmA ko nahIM hotA, to yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai / yadi aisA mAna leM to indriyoM kA apAya (vinAza) mAnane se ananta sukha kA saMbedana nahIM ho skegaa| isakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki muktAtmA ananta sukha-svarUpa hai, yaha kathana nirarthaka ho jaaegaa| ataH, mAnanA cAhie ki ananta sukha kI abhivyakti kI taraha jJAnAdi kI abhivyakti bhI hotI hai aura isI kA nAma mokSa hai| sukha-saMvedana kI taraha bAhya padArtha kA jJAna bhI atIndriya jJAna se : muktAtmA ke antaHkaraNa kA abhAva hone para atIndriya saMvedana ke dvArA sukha kA anubhava hotA hai, kintu bAhya padArtha kA jJAna mukta-jIva ko nahIM hotA hai / isake pratyuttara meM vidyAnandI kA kathana hai ki sukha-saMvedana kI taraha bAhya padArtha kA saMvedana bhI jIva ko atIndriyajJAna se hotA hai / 2 ataH, anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya aura anantasukha kI abhivyakti kA nAma hI mokSa hai| 8 anantajJAna aura kucha dArzanika samasyAe~ : siddha (muktAtmA) ko anantajJAna svarUpa mAnane para kucha dArzanika samasyAe~ utpanna hotI haiN| yahA~ ve bhI vicAraNIya haiN| prazna : mukta AtmA ke jaba indriyAM nahIM hotI haiM to vaha atIndriya kevalajJAna se padArthoM ko kaise jAnatA hai ? uttara : jaina dArzanikoM ne isa prazna kA uttara dete hae kahA hai ki kevalajJAna darpaNa kI taraha hai| jisa prakAra darpaNa ke sAmane padArthoM ke hone se hI padArtha usameM apane Apa jhalakane lagate haiM usI prakAra kevalajJAna meM samasta padArtha pratibimbita hote haiN| ataH kevalI ko padArthoM ke jAnane ke lie koI prayAsa nahIM karanA par3atA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne kahA bhI hai : apane AtmA ko jAnane se sarvajJa tIna loka ko jAnatA hai, kyoMki AtmA ke svabhAva rUpa kevalajJAna meM yaha loka pratibimbita ho rahA hai / prazna : anantajJAna darpaNa kI taraha hai to usameM sabhI padArtha eka sAtha choTe-bar3e kaise pratibimbita ho sakate haiM ? uttara : uparyukta prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki AtmA jJAna pramANa hai aura 1. aSTasahasrI, pR0 69 / 2. vhii| 3. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 836 / 4. pravacanasAra, gA0 99 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 283 jJAna jJeya ke barAbara hai aura jJeya loka aura aloka hai| ataH anantajJAna sarvagata hai|' dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sarvajJa kA ananta jJAna yugapat-~-eka sAtha samasta trikAlavartI padArthoM ko sUrya kI taraha prakAzita karatA hai / 2 / isake atirikta anantajJAna ke viSaya meM ye prazna bhI uThate haiM ki anutpanna padArthoM kA jJAna kaise hotA hai ? kyA anutpanna padArtha pahale se niyata haiM yA nahIM ? yadi niyata haiM to jaina-darzana ko niyativAda kA siddhAnta mAnanA cAhie, aura yadi niyata nahIM haiM to anutpanna padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai, yaha kathana siddha nahIM hotA hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI prazna hotA hai ki ananta ko anantajJAna ke dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai yA nahIM ? tIsarI dArzanika samasyA yaha hai ki anantajJAna amUrta hai, usameM marta padArtha kaise pratibimbita hote haiM ? cauthA prazna yaha hai ki kyA anantajJAna apariNAmI hai yA pariNAmo ? yadi apariNAmI hai to vaha pariNAmI padArthoM ko kaise jAnatA hai ? yadi vaha pariNAmI hai to use utpatti vinAza svabhAva vAlA mAnanA pdd'egaa| pAMcavAM prazna yaha hai ki kevalI AtmA ke eka deza se samasta padArthoM ko eka sAtha jAnatA hai athavA samasta pradezoM se ? jainAgamoM meM ina praznoM kA sUkSma dRSTi se samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| (ga) mokSa ke hetu : bhAratIya darzana meM mokSa ke svarUpa kI taraha mokSa ke upAya ke viSaya meM bhI vibhinna mata haiN| vaizeSika, naiyAyika, sAMkhya, vedAnta, bauddha Adi dArzanika jJAnamAtra ko mokSa kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| pAzupata Adi kucha dArzanika mAtra AcaraNa ko mokSa-prApti kA kAraNa mAnate haiM / kumArila bhaTTa evaM prabhAkara karma (AcaraNa) aura jJAna ko mokSa-prApti kA sAdhana mAnate haiM, jabaki rAmAnuja bhakti ko| jaina dArzanika zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa ke samaSTi rUpa ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnate haiN| sAmAnyajJAna, sAmAnyadarzana aura sAmAnyacAritra mokSa-prApti ke upAya nahIM haiN| isalie umAsvAmI Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI samaSTi ko mokSa-prApti kA upAya batalAyA hai| inameM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho 1. pravacanasAra, gAthA 23 / 2. bhagavatIArAdhanA, gA0 2142 / 3. (ka) kaSAyapAhur3a, pustaka 1 / (kha) dhavalA, pu0 1, sUtra 22, pustaka 6, sUtra 14 / (ga) tattvArthavArtika, 5 / 9 / 4. tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 11 /

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284 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra ki zraddhA se sakatI hai / ' AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki kevala mokSa ke viSaya meM zraddhA rakhane se mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai, kyoMki zraddhA to mAtra ruci kI paricAyikA hai / yadi zraddhA mAtra se mokSa kI prApti mAnI jAe, to bhUkha lagane para usake prati zraddhA mAtra se bhojana paka jAnA cAhie / dUsarI bAta yaha hai mokSa mAnane se saMyamAdi dhAraNa karanA vyartha siddha ho jAegA / rikta dIkSA dhAraNa karane mAtra se bhI sAMsArika doSa naSTa nahIM ho dIkSA dhAraNa ke pahale aura bAda meM sAMsArika duHkha maujUda rahate haiM / zraddhA se mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai | isake ati sakate haiM / ata: mAtra isI prakAra, mAtra samyag jJAna se bhI mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai / yadi samyag jJAna mAtra se hI mokSa kI prApti mAnI jAegI, to samyag jJAna prApta hote hI sAdhaka mukta ho jAegA, phira vaha dharmopadeza Adi kArya AkAza kI taraha nahIM kara sakegA / " yadi kucha saMskAroM ke rahane ke kAraNa pUrNa jJAna prApta hone para bhI mokSa nahIM hotA hai, to isakA yaha spaSTa artha hai ki jJAna kI prApti hone para bhI saMskAra naSTa hue binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI hai / saMskAroM kA kSaya cAritra se ho sakatA hai, jJAna se nahIM / anyathA, jJAna-prApti ke sAtha hI saMskAroM kA bhI kSaya ho jAegA, aura dharmopadeza na hone kI samasyA jyoM-kI-tyoM banI rahegI / ata:, kevalajJAna se bhI mokSa nahIM hotA hai / somadeva sUri ne kevalajJAna ko mokSa kA hetu mAnane vAloM kI samIkSA meM kahA hai ki jJAna se to sirpha padArthoM kI jAnakArI hotI hai / yadi padArthoM ke jAnane mAtra se mokSa kI prApti hone lage, to pAnI ko dekhate hI pyAsa naSTa ho jAnI cAhie, jo pratyakSa viruddha hai / ataH jJAna mAtra se mokSa ko prApti nahIM hotI hai / jo AcaraNa yA caritra mAtra se mokSa mAnate haiM unakA siddhAnta bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki andhA puruSa jisa prakAra chAyA kA Ananda le sakatA hai, usI 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 111 / 2. upAsakAdhyayana, 1, 17, pR0 5 / 3. vahI, 1 / 18 / 4. vahI, 1 / 19 / 5. (ka) tattvArthazlokavArtika, utthAnikA, A 52-53 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika 1 / 1 / 50 / 6. tattvArthavArtika, 111 / 51-53 / 7. upAsakAdhyayana, 120, pR0 6 /

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bandha aura mokSa : 285 1 prakAra phUloM kI zobhA kA Ananda nahIM le sakatA / ' kahA bhI hai ki kriyArahita jJAna kI taraha ajJAnI kI kriyAeM bhI vyartha haiM / agni se vyApta jaMgala meM andhe kI taraha laMgar3A vyakti bhI nahIM baca sakatA hai / donoM ke sammilita prayAsa se hI unakI prANa rakSA ho sakatI hai / ata: mAtra samyagdarzana, mAtra samyagjJAna yA mAtra samyak cAritra se mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai / kahA bhI hai "jJAna vihIna kriyA vyartha hotI hai aura zraddhA rahita jJAna evaM kriyAeM nirarthaka hotI haiM / " pUjyapAda ne uparyukta kathana ko eka udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jJAna, darzana aura cAritra vyaSTi rUpa se mokSa ke sAdhaka nahIM haiM / rogI kA roga davA meM vizvAsa karane mAtra se dUra na hogA, jaba taka use davA kA jJAna na ho aura vaha cikitsaka ke anusAra AcaraNa na kare / isI prakAra, davA kI jAnakArI mAtra se roga dUra nahIM ho sakatA hai jaba taka rogI davA ke prati ruci na rakhe aura vidhivat usakA sevana na kre| isI prakAra davA meM ruci aura usake jJAna ke binA mAtra sevana se roga dUra nahIM ho sakatA hai / tabhI dUra ho sakatA hai jaba davA meM zraddhA ho, jAnakArI ho aura cikitsaka ke anusAra usakA sevana kiyA jAe / isI prakAra, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra se hI mokSa kI prApti ho sakatI hai / 3 mUlAcAra meM eka upamA dete hue kahA gayA hai "jahAja calAne vAlA nirmANaka jJAna hai, pavana kI jagaha dhyAna hai, aura jahAja cAritra hai / isa prakAra jJAna, dhyAna aura cAritra, ina tInoM ke mela se bhavya jIva saMsAra - samudra se pAra utara jAte haiM / " eka bAta yaha bhI hai ki 'anantAH sAmAyika siddhAH' arthAt sAmAyika cAritra se ananta jIva siddha ho gaye haiM / isa kathana se bhI siddha hotA hai ki samyagdarzanAdi kA samaSTi rUpa mokSa kA kAraNa hai kyoMki mokSa samatA bhAva rUpa cAritra, jJAna se sampanna AtmA ko hI tattvazraddhAnapUrvaka ho sakatA hai / yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki jahA~ kahIM 'jJAna' mAtra ko mokSa 1. upAsakAdhyayana, 1 / 21 / 2. (ka) tattvArthavArtika, 1 1 49, pR0 14 / (kha) sammatitarkaprakaraNa, 2 / 69 / 3. sarvArthasiddhi, utthAnikA, pR0 3 / 4. mUlAcAra, gAthA 898 / aura bhI dekheM gAthA 899 / 5. samasta pApa yogoM se nivRtta hokara abheda samatA aura vItarAga meM pratiSThita honA sAmAyika cAritra hai / 6, tattvArthavArtika 1 / 1 / 49, pR0 14 /

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286 : jainadarzana meM Atma-vicAra kahA gayA hai, usakA tAtparya hI yaha hai ki samyagdarzanAdi mokSa ke mArga haiM / kahA bhI hai-'vAstava meM, samyagdarzanAdi mokSa ke hetu haiM / jIvAdi padArthoM ke zraddhAna svabhAva rUpa jJAna kA pariNamana honA samyagdarzana hai| una padArthoM ke svabhAva svarUpa jJAna kA pariNamana karanA samyagjJAna hai aura usa jJAna kA hI rAgAdi ke parihAra svabhAva svarUpa pariNamana karanA samyaga cAritra hai|'' uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki samyagdarzanAdi jJAna ke hI pariNAma haiM, isIlie jJAna se mokSa honA batalAyA gayA hai| kundakundAcArya ne kahIM-kahIM samyagdarzanAdi ke atirikta 'tapa' ko bhI mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA hai| lekina tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM ho jAne ke kAraNa umAsvAmI Adi AcAryoM ne 'tapa' kA alaga se ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| samyagdarzanAdi mokSa ke parama kAraNa hone se hI jaina dArzanikoM ne inheM ratnatraya kahA hai / jaina-dArzanika muktAtmAoM kA kisI zakti meM vilIna honA nahIM mAnate haiM / samasta mukta AtmAoM kI svatantra sattA rahatI hai / mokSa meM pratyeka AtmA anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya se yukta hai, isalie isa dRSTi se unameM koI bheda nahIM hai / kSetra, kAla, gati, liMga, tIrtha, cAritra, pratyeka-bodhita buddha-bodhita, jJAna, avagAhana, antara, alpa-bahutva kI apekSA jo mukta AtmAoM meM bheda kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, vaha sirpha vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se kI gayI hai, vAstava meM unameM bheda karanA sambhava nahIM hai| upayukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne mokSa kA svarUpa aura usake prApti kI prakriyA kA sUkSma, tarkasaMgata aura vaijJAnika vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| uparyukta mokSa-prApti kI prakriyA dvArA hI sAdhaka apane svAbhAvika svarUpa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| 1. samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA / 2, darzanapAhuDa, gA0 30 /

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upasaMhAra jaisA ki hamane bhUmikA meM kahA hai bhAratIya darzana meM Atma-tattva kA vizleSaNa mukhyatayA mokSavAda kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| isake phalasvarUpa kucha vaidika darzanoM meM AtmA aura jIva kA bheda karate hue jIva-tattva ko kama mahattva diyA gayA hai / ina darzanoM ke anusAra mokSAvasthA meM AtmA jIva-bhAva se mukta ho jAtI hai, kintu jaina darzana meM AtmA aura jIva meM bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka AtmA ke astitva kA prazna hai, vaidika tathA jaina dArzanikoM ne prAyaH samAna tarka diye haiN| cArvAka tathA bauddhoM kI AlocanA meM bhI ukta darzanapaddhatiyoM meM samAnatAyeM haiM, kintu mokSa ke svarUpa evaM prakriyA ko lekara vaidikadarzanoM evaM jaina-darzana meM dUragAmI vibhinnatAe~ haiM / apane brahmasUtra bhASya meM AcArya zaMkara ne kevala bauddha aura jaina darzana kA hI nahIM, apitu vaizeSika, sAMkhya Adi hindU darzanoM kA bhI sazakta khaNDana kiyA hai| yoM mokSavAda kI dRSTi se advaita vedAnta aura sAMkhya meM paryApta samAnatA hai, donoM yaha mAnate haiM ki bandha aura mokSa AtmA ke mUla rUpa ko nahIM chUte, unakI pratIti yA adhyAsa aviveka ke kAraNa hai / yaha mAnyatA jaina dArzanika kundakunda meM bhI kiso sImA taka pAyI jAtI hai / ve yaha mAnate haiM ki zuddha nizcayanaya se AtmA bandhana aura mukti ke pare hai| yadyapi vyavahAranaya yA vaibhAvika dRSTi se ve AtmA ke bandhana-mokSa ko svIkAra karate haiN| zaMkara ne sAMkhya kA khaNDana mukhyatayA usake prakRti ke kAraNatva ko lekara kiyA hai| sAMkhya jagata kA kAraNa prakRti ko mAnatA hai, jabaki advaita vedAnta brahma ko| kintu donoM ke mokSavAda meM gaharI samAnatA hai / bandhana, mokSa, sukha-duHkhAdi manodazAyeM mUla Atmatattva meM nahIM haiN| ise pramANita karane ke lie sAMkhya tathA vedAnta tarka dete haiM ki koI vastu apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3a sakatI-uSNatA ko chor3akara agni kI sattA sambhava nahIM hai / yadi sukha-duHkha, bandhanAdi AtmA ke svAbhAvika dharma haiM to vaha unase kabhI chuTakArA nahIM pA skegaa| zaMkara kahate haiM ki yadi jJAna bandhana ko kATatA hai to bandhana ko atAttvika mAnanA par3egA / jJAna yathArtha ko prakAzita karatA hai, vaha use naSTa nahIM kara sakatA / mAyA rUpa bandhana ho jJAna se naSTa ho sakatA hai, asalI bandhana nhiiN| isalie AtmA ko mUlataH zuddha-buddha mAnanA caahie| dUsare, yadi hama vaizeSikoM kI bhA~ti AtmA meM sukha,

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duHkha, icchA, rAga, dveSa Adi mAneM to AtmA anitya ho jaayegaa| kyoMki hara vikArI padArtha anitya hotA hai| isI tarka ke bala para zaMkara Adi dArzanika jaina sammata AtmA kI dhAraNA kI AlocanA karate haiM / punarjanma aura mokSa kI sambhAvanA ke lie nitya AtmA kI AvazyakatA hai / isalie jaina-darzana kI yaha dhAraNA ki AtmA astikAya-pradezavAna hai aura zarIra ke anurUpa usakA AkAra ghaTatA-bar3hatA hai, vaidika dArzanikoM ko vizeSataH sAMkhya evaM vedAnta ke anuyAyiyoM ko vicitra aura agrAhya jAna par3atI hai| ___isameM sandeha nahIM ki uparokta vyApti ko arthAta jo-jo vikArI hai vahavaha anitya hai, svIkAra kara lene para jaina sammata AtmA yA jIva kI nityatA ko svIkAra karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| lekina sAMkhya-vedAnta kI AtmA sambandhI dhAraNA bhI nirdoSa nahIM hai| prazna yaha hai ki niguNa, niSkriya AtmA yA puruSa hamAre anubhavagamya cetana jIvana kI vyAkhyA kaise kara sakate haiM ? prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi sAMkhya-vedAnta kI AtmA ko na mAnA jAya aura cArvAka tathA bauddhoM kI bhAMti caitanya ko jar3a tattvoM se utpanna (manodharma kI bhA~ti) mAna liyA jAya to kyA harja hai ? yahA~ samasyA yaha hai ki pUrNataH anitya AtmavAda meM bandhana-mukti evaM punarjanma kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai| ___isa dRSTi se jainadarzana kI AtmA kI avadhAraNA utanI asaMgata nahIM hai| AtmA nitya hote hue bhI vikArI yA parivartanazIla aura dezagata ho, yaha mantavya anucita nahIM jAna pdd'taa| dekArta ne AtmA kA vyAvartaka guNa cintana zakti yA socanA mAnA thA / jainadarzana ke AlocakoM kA kahanA hai ki socane kI kriyA deza meM ghaTita nahIM hotii| isalie hama do vicAroM yA manodazAoM kI lambAI, caur3AI, vajana Adi kI tulanA nahIM krte| hAtho kA pratyaya yA vicAra AkAra meM cIMTI ke pratyaya yA vicAra se bar3A nahIM hotaa| isa dRSTi se jaina-darzana kI pradezavAn AtmA kI dhAraNA doSapUrNa jAna par3atI hai| isI se sambandhita jaina-darzana kA yaha sidvAnta ki karma pudgala AtmA meM praveza kara jAtA hai yA usase cipaka jAtA hai-samIcIna nahIM jAna pdd'taa| acche, bure karmoM ko paramANuoM kI gati se saMkekita karanA samajha meM Ane vAlI bAta nahIM hai| karma vizeSa kI acchAI, burAI kA sambandha acche-bure saMkalpoM se adhika hotA hai na ki bhautika gatiyoM mAtra se / to kyA jaina darzana kA siddhAnta ekadama hI nirAdhAra hai ? vastutaH aisA nahIM hai| Adhunika kAla ko phijiyolojikala sAikAlojI ukta siddhAnta ko

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bahuta kucha samarthana detI hai| phijiyolojIkala sAikAlojI ke anusAra hamAre cintana Adi manovikAroM kA mastiSka athavA snAyumaNDala kI kriyAoM se gaharA sambandha hotA hai / jaina darzana kA AtmavAda bhI cit aura acit (karma) ke bIca aisA hI sambandha mAnatA hai| isa siddhAnta ko mAnane kA artha cetanAmaya jIvana ke AdhArabhUta Atma-tattva ko nakAranA nahIM hai, jaisA ki cArvAka ne kiyA hai| vicAra aura saMkalpa ke bhautika AdhAra ko svIkAra karanA AtmavAda ke viruddha nahIM hai / AtmavAda ke parityAga kA artha naitikatA, dharma aura mokSavAda kA parityAga hogA / jo antataH hameM bhautikavAda ke duzcakra meM phaMsA degaa| vaidika darzana kA kUTastha AtmavAda bhI jIvana ke sabhI mahattvapUrNa tattvoM kI vyAkhyA karane meM asamartha hai| bauddhoM kA AtmavAda bhI santoSaprada nahIM hai| vaha vyaktitva kI ekatA, smRti Adi kI vyAkhyA nahIM kara sktaa| bauddha mata meM yaha bhI samajhanA-samajhAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai ki duHkhoM se kise chuTakArA milatA hai aura mukti kise milatI hai ? isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tarka kI kasauTI para nirvikAra kUTastha AtmA kI avadhAraNA tathA vikArI kSaNika AtmA kI avadhAraNA koI bhI samIcIna nahIM hai| isa dRSTi se jaina darzana kA pariNAmI AtmavAda kA siddhAnta adhika vyAvahArika tathA tarkasaMgata hai| sAMkhya, vedAnta Adi isa pUrva mAnyatA ko lekara calate haiM ki jo-jo vikArI hai, vaha anitya hai| kintu yadi hama bhautika jagat ko dekheM to yaha mAnyatA utanI prAmANika nahIM jAna pdd'tii| bhautika jagat ke mUlabhUta tattva, jaise vidyuta evaM aNu gatizIla evaM parivartanazIla hote hue bhI nitya kahe jA sakate haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika yaha mAnate haiM ki paramANuoM meM raMgAdi kA parivartana hotA hai, phira bhI paramANu nitya samajhe jAte haiN| isa dRSTi se jainadarzana kA yAtmavAda spinojA ke siddhAnta ke nikaTa hai| spinojA mAnatA hai ki vicAra (Thought) aura vistAra (Extension) dravya ke dharma yA guNa haiM / nitya dravya ke dharma hone ke nAte ve nitya haiN| kintu pratyeka dharma (Atribute) ke prakAra (Modes) bhI hote haiM, jo nirantara pariNAma ke kArya haiN| vicAra aura vistAra donoM apane ko vibhinna prakAroM meM abhivyakta karate rahate haiN| spinojA kA yaha siddhAnta jaina darzana kI AtmA kI jJAna-paryAyoM se samAnatA rakhatA pratIta hotA hai / . jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA ki mokSAvasthA meM AtmA nirvikAra ho jAtI hai asaMgata nahIM hai / jaina darzana hamAre anubhavagamya sacetana jIvana ke samajha meM Ane yogya vivaraNa detA hai / jaisA ki pUrva meM saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai ki parivartanamaya jIvana ko vyAkhyA ke lie kisI na kisI tattva ko vikArI mAnanA Avazyaka

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- 12 - hai / upaniSad sammata advaita vedAnta tathA sAMkhya parivartana kA Azraya antaHkaraNa aura buddhi ko mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina darzana svayaM AtmA meM paryAyoM kI sthiti svIkAra karatA hai / yoM jaina darzana bhI dravya rUpa meM AtmA ko dhruva yA avinAzI svIkAra karatA hai / spinojA kA dravya bhI jahA~ dravya rUpa meM dhruva, nitya evaM aparivartanazIla hai, vahA~ vaha vicAra aura vistAra nAmaka dharmoM ke paryAyoM ke rUpa meM parivartanazIla bhI hai / isa prakAra jaina darzana kI Atma-tattva-mImAMsA unake anekAntavAda siddhAnta ke anurUpa hai / yadyapi jaina darzana evaM spinojA ke mata ke viruddha sAMkhya- vedAnta kI ora se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AzrayabhUta dravya meM guNoM kA parivartana svayaM usa dravya ko parivartanazIla yA vikArI banA degA / kintu jaisA ki Upara saMketa kiyA gayA hai - sAMkhya vedAnta kI niSkriya AtmA bhI hamAre cetanAmaya jIvana kI, jo satata parivartanazIla hai, ucita vyAkhyA nahIM karatI hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki na to sAMkhya evaM vedAnta kA niSkriya ( kUTastha ) AtmavAda aura na bauddhoM kA ekAnta kSaNikavAda AtmA ke svarUpa ke sandarbha meM aura na usake bandhana - mukti Adi ke sambandha meM koI santoSajanaka samAdhAna de pAtA hai / yaha to jaina darzana kI anekAntavAdI dRSTi hai jo ekAnta zAzvatavAda aura ekAnta ucchedavAda ke madhya Anubhavika stara para eka yathArtha samanvaya prastuta kara sakatI hai tathA naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kI tarkasaMgata vyAkhyA kara sakatI hai / naitika dRSTi se bhI jaina darzana kA sAdhanA - siddhAnta advaita vedAnta ke jJAnamArga se adhika santoSaprada hai / jaina-darzana samyakadRSTi aura samyakjJAna ke sAtha samyakcaritra ko mahattva detA hai aura isa prakAra naitika jIvana aura adhyAtma jIvana ke bIca eka sAmaJjasya sthApita kara detA hai /

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pariziSTa 1 jainetara kozoM meM AtmA ke lie prayukta vibhinna nAma : AtmA ke lie prayukta hone vAle zabda amarakoza, medinI Adi saMskRta kozoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / inameM AtmA, yatna, dhairya, buddhi, svabhAva, brahma, paramAtmA, zarIra, kSetrajJa, puruSa, mana, cetanA, jIva, sva, para brahma, sAra, ahaMkAra, svarUpa, vizeSatA, prAkRtika pravRtti, cintana, viveka, buddhi yA tarkanA zakti, prANa, utsAha, putra, sUrya, agni aura vAyu' zabda AtmA ke vAcaka batalAye gaye haiM / jaina - zAstroM meM AtmA ke lie prayukta vibhinna zabda : jIva yA AtmA ko jainAgamoM meM vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| AdipurANa meM AtmA ke lie jIva, prANI, jantu, kSetrajJa, puruSa, pumAn, AtmA, antarAtmA, jJa aura jJAnI paryAyavAcI nAma batalAye gaye haiM / " isI prakAra dhavalA meM bhI jIva, kartA, vaktA, prANI, bhoktA, pudgala, veda, viSNu, svayaMbhU, zarIrI, mAnava, saktA, - [ka] AtmA yatno dhRtirbuddhiH svabhAvo brahma vaSmaM ca // -- amarakoSa, 3|3 | 106 / [kha] kSetrajJa AtmA puruSaH / vahI, 1 / 4 / 26 / AtmA kalevare yatne svabhAve paramAtmani / citte ghRtau ca buddhau ca paravyAvartane'pi ca // iti dharaNiH / [ga] AtmA puMsi svabhAve'pi prayatnamanasorapi / dhRtAvapi manISAyAM zarIrabrahmaNorapi // iti medinI, 85 / 38-39 / [gha] kSetrajJAvAtmanipuNau / - iti haima: 3 / 150 / , AtmA citte dhRto yatne dhiSaNAyAM kalevare / paramAtmani jIve'rphe hutAzanasamoraboH // svabhAve iti haimaH, 2 / 261-62 / [Ga] hindI zabda sAgara, pra0 bhA0, pra0 saM0, [ca] dArzanika traimAsika, sampAdaka - yazadeva apraila 1675, pR0 124 / 2 -- jIva: prANI ca jantuzca kSetrajJa: puruSastathA / pumAnAtmAntarAtmA ca jJo jJAnItyasya payayAH // - AdipurANa ( mahApurANa ), 24 / 103 / 1665, pR0 437 // zalya, varSa 21, aMka 2,

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( 292 ) jantu, mAnI, mAyI, yogI, saMkuTa, asaMkuTa, kSetrajJa aura antarAtmA Adi nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ' 1. jIva - AtmA ko jIva kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha vyavahAra naya kI apekSA dasa prANoM se aura nizcaya naya kI apekSA kevala jJAna aura darzana rUpa citprANoM se vartamAna kAla meM bhI jIvita hai, bhUtakAla meM jIvita thA aura anAgata kAla meM bhI jIvita rahegA / 2 dravyasaMgraha, paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArtharAjavArtika Adi AgamoM meM 'jIva' zabda kI yahI vyAkhyA upalabdha hai / yadyapi siddhoM meM pA~ca indriya, manobala, vacanabala, kAyabala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa ye prANa nahIM hote haiM, kintu pUrva janmoM meM ve ina prANoM sahita jIvita the, isalie ve bhI jIva kahalAne yogya haiM / isake alAvA jJAna darzana bhAvaprANa hone se nizcaya naya se siddha jIva haiM hI / " 2. prANI -- AtmA ko prANI bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki sparzanAdi pA~ca indriya, manobala, vacanabala aura kAryabala ye tIna bala, Ayu : evaM zvAsocchvAsa ye dasa prANa jIva meM hote haiM / * 3. jantu - AtmA ko jantu bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha aneka bAra caturgatiyoM meM tathA aneka yoniyoM meM janma dhAraNa karake saMsAra meM utpanna hotA hai / isalie saMsArI jIva ( AtmA ) jantu kahalAtA 1 - jIvo kattA ya vattA ya pANI bhottA ya poggalI / vedo vihU sayaMbhU ya sarIrI taha mANavo // sattA jaMtU ya mANI ya mAI jogI ya saMkaDo / asaMkaDo ya khettaNhU aMtarappA taheva ya // -- SaDkhaMDAgama dhavalA TIkA, 1|1|1|2|81-82 / 2 - AdipurANa ( mahApurANa ), 24 / 104 / . 3 - dravyasaMgraha, bhAga 2 | paMcAstikAya, gA0 30 / pravacanasAra, gA0 2 / 55 / sarvArthasiddhi, 28 / tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1|4|6 | jIvati prANAndhArayati iti jIvaH mUlArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA, 1140 / 24- - [ka] nayadvayokta prANAH santyAnyeti prANI / gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ), jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, 336 / [kha] prANA dazAsya santoti prANI 1- AdipurANa ( mahApurANa ) 24 / 105 /

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( 293 ) hai| kintu nizcaya naya se zuddhAtmA ajantu hai, kyoMki mukta AtmA ko saMsAra meM janma dhAraNa nahIM karanA par3atA hai| 4. kSetrajJa-AtmA ko kSetrajJa bhI kahA jAtA hai| jIva kA svarUpa kSetra kahalAtA hai aura vaha apane svarUpa evaM lokAloka rUpa kSetra ko jAnatA hai, isalie vaha kSetrajJa kahalAtA hai| 5. puruSa--AtmA puru arthAt svAdiSTa yA sundara bhogoM meM pravRtti karatA hai, isalie vaha puruSa bhI kahalAtA hai / 6. pumAn-AtmA ko pumAn isalie kahate haiM, kyoMki vaha apane Apa ko tapa Adi ke dvArA pavitra karatA hai, isalie vaha pumAn kahalAtA hai| 7. AtmA-saMsArI jIva narakAdi aneka paryAyoM meM sadaiva gamana karatA rahatA hai, isalie vaha AtmA kahalAtA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sabhI gamanAtmaka dhAtue~ jJAnAtmaka artha meM bhI prayukta hotI haiM / ataH jJAna sukhAdi guNa rUpa pariNamana karane vAlA tattva AtmA kahalAtA hai athavA mana, vacana, kAya kI kriyA dvArA yathAsambhava tIvrAdi rUpa se vartane vAlA tattva AtmA hai|' 8. antarAtmA-saMsArI AtmA ko antarAtmA bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM ke bhItara vahaM rahatA hai| 9.jJa-jJAna gaNa se yukta hai, isalie jIva ko 'jJa' bhI kahA gayA hai| isI kAraNa ise jJAnI bhI kahate haiN|' 10. vaktA-saMsArI jIva ko vaktA bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki vaha 1-[ka] vyavahAreNa caturgatisaMsAre nAnAyoni jAyata: iti jaMtu saMsArItyartha / nizcayena jantuH / gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa),jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, 336 / [kha] jantuzca janmabhAk |-aadipuraann ( mahApurANa ), 24 / 105 / 2-kSetraM svarUpamasya syAttajjJAnAt sa tathocyate / -vahI, 24 / 105 / 3-puruSa: purubhogeSu zayanAt pribhaassitH|-vhii, 24 / 106 / 4-punAtyAtmAnamiti ca pumAniti nigadyate / -AdipurANa, 24 / 106 / 5-bhaveSvati sAtatyAd etItyAtmA nirucyate |--vhii, 24 / 107 / dravya- . saMgraha TIkA, gA0 57 / 6-AdipurANa, 24 / 107 / 7-vahI, 24 / 108 /

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satya yA asatya, yogya-ayogya vacanoM ko bolatA hai| kintu nizcaya naya kI apekSA vaha vaktA nahIM hai| 11. pudgala-saMsArI jIva ko pudgala bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vyavahAra rUpa se karma aura nokarma pudagaloM ko arthAta jJAnAvaraNAdi karma aura zarIroM ke mAdhyama se chaha prakAra ke saMsthAnoM ko pUrNa karatA hai arthAt galAtA hai| bauddha darzana meM bhI AtmA ko pudgala kahA gayA hai| .. 12. veda-jIva sukha-duHkha kA vedana karatA hai, jAnatA hai, anubhava karatA hai, isalie vaha veda kahalAtA hai| .. 13. viSNu-vyavahAra kI apekSA karmoM ke prApta deha ko yA samuddhAta avasthA meM samasta loka ko vyApta kara letA hai evaM nizcaya naya se samasta jJAna se vyApta hotA hai, isalie vaha viSNu kahalAtA hai / 14. svayambhU-jIva ko svayaMbhU bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isakI utpatti kA koI anya kAraNa nahIM hai| vaha svayaM jJAnadarzana svarUpa se pariNata hotA rahatA hai|' 15. zarIrI-jIva ko zarIra bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha audArikAdi sarIroM ko AdhAra banAkara usameM rahatA hai| upaniSad meM bhI aneka jagaha jIvAtmA ko zarIrI kahA gayA hai| 16. mAnava-saMsArI jIva ko mAnava bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha mAnavAdi paryAyoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai| kintu nizcaya naya kI apekSA manuSyAdi paryAyoM meM pariNata hone ke kAraNa jIva ko mAnava nahIM kahA gayA hai, kintu manu jJAna ko kahate haiM aura jJAna 1-gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, 336 / 2-vahI, 336 / 3-vahI, 336 / 4-vyavahAreNa svopajJa dehaM samuddhate sarvalokaM, nizcayena jJAnena sarva veSTi __vyAptotIti viSNuH / vahI, 336 / 5-vahI, 336 /

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( 295 ) usameM utpanna hotA hai yA usameM pariNata hotA hai, isalie vaha mAnava kahalAtA hai| - 17. mAyo-jIva meM mAyA kaSAya hotI hai, jisase vaMcanA Adi karatA hai, isalie vaha mAyAvI kahalAtA hai| 18. yogI-kAya, vAG aura mana ye tIna yoga jIva meM hote haiM, isalie use yogI kahA gayA hai / 16 saMkuTa-atyanta sUkSma se sUkSma arthAt sarvajaghanya zarIra se prApta hone para jIva pradezoM ko saMkucita karake usameM rahatA hai, isalie vaha saMkuTa kahalAtA hai| 20. asaMkuTa-samuddhAta avasthA meM sampUrNa lokAkAza ko vyApta kara letA hai, isalie vaha asaMkuTa kahalAtA hai| 21. saktA-saMsArI jIva apane sage sambandhI, mitroM tathA parigraha Adi meM Asakta rahatA hai, isalie saMsArI jIva ko saktA bhI kahate haiM / 22. agra-AtmA agra bhI kahalAtI hai| agra zabda kA nirukta artha gamana karanA yA jAnanA hai| AtmA hI jJAtA hai, isalie vaha agra kahalAtI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki chaha dravyoM, sAta tattvoM meM tathA nava padArthoM meM AtmA agra hai arthAt pradhAna hai, isalie vaha agra kahalAtI hai| 23. samaya--AtmA ko jaina AcAryoM ne samaya kahA hai| amRtacandra sUri ne kahA hai 'jIva nAmaka padArtha samaya hai| jo ekatva rUpa se 1-gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, 336 / 2-vyavahAreNaM sUkSmanigoda labdhapraryAptaka sarvajaghanya zarIra pramANena saMkuTati saMkucita pradezobhavatIti saMkuTa: |-vhii0 336 / 3-vahI, 336 / 4-vyavahAreNaM svajanamitrAdi parigraheSu sajatIti saktA, nishcyenaasktaa| -vahI, 336 / 5-athavAGgati jAnAtItyagramAtmA nirukTita:-tatvAnuzAsana : nAgasena muni, 62; tattvArthavArtika, 6, 27, 21 /

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( 296 ) eka hI samaya meM jAnatA tathA pariNata hotA hai, vaha samaya hai / " AcArya jinasena ne samayasAra tAtparya vRtti meM likhA hai- 'samyag arthAt saMzaya Adi rahita jJAna jisakA hotA hai, vaha jIva samaya hai / " paM0 jayacanda chAbar3A ne bhASA vacanikA meM likhA hai ki 'sama' upasarga hai, jisakA artha 'eka sAtha' haiM aura 'aya gatau' dhAtu hai, jisakA artha gamana aura jJAna bhI hai, isalie eka sAtha hI jAnanA aura pariNamana karanA - yaha donoM kriyAe~ jisameM hoM, vaha samaya hai / yaha jIva nAmaka padArtha eka hI samaya meM pariNamana bhI karatA hai aura jAnatA bhI hai, isalie vaha samaya hai / " 1 - samayasAra, AtmakhyAti TIkA, gA0 2 | 2 - vahI, tAtparyavRtti, gA0 151 / 3 - samayasAra, gA0 2 /

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pariziSTa 2 antarmuhUrta : muhUrta se kama aura AvalI se adhika antarmuhUrta kahalAtA hai| akSa : akSa kA artha AtmA hotA hai, jo yathAyogya sarvapadArthoM ko jAnatA hai, use akSa yA AtmA kahate haiN| agAr3ha : yaha samyagdarzana kA eka doSa hai / vRddha AdamI ke hAtha meM rahatI huI lAThI ke kampana kI taraha kSayopazama samyagadarzana devaguru aura tattvAdi kI zraddhA meM sthita rahate hue saMzaya karanA (sakampa honA) agADhavedaka samyagdarzana kahalAtA hai| agArI : aNuvratI zrAvaka agArI kahalAtA hai| ajJAna: jainAgamoM meM ajJAna zabda ke do artha upalabdha hote haiM (1) jJAna ke abhAva meM yaha karma ke udaya se hotA hai, isalie ise audAyika ajJAna kahate haiM / (2) mithyA jJAna ke artha meM yaha kSAyopazamika ajJAna kahalAtA hai| acetana : jo padArthoM ko svayaM nahIM jAnatA hai, vaha acetana guNa kahalAtA hai| aticAra : vrata ke eka aMza kA khaNDita honA aticAra kahalAtA hai| adhyAtma : AtmA sambandhI anuSThAna yA AcaraNa adhyAtma hai aura jisa zAstra meM Atmatattva sambandhI vyAkhyAna ho, vaha adhyAtma zAstra kahalAtA hai| ananta : jisakA anta nahIM hai, vaha ananta hai| anagAra : uttama saMyama (cAritra) vAle muni ko jainAgama meM ana gAra yA anagArI kahate haiN| anAcAra : viSayoM meM atyanta Asakti rakhanA anAcAra hai| anAhAraka : upabhogya zarIra ke yogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa na karanA anAhAraka hai| anidriya : jisake indriyA~ nahIM hotI haiM, use anindriya kahate haiM / anuyoga : jainAgama cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai, jinheM cAra anuyoga kahate haiM-(1) prathamAnuyoga, (2) karaNAnuyoga, (3) caraNAnuyoga, aura (4) dravyAnuyoga /

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( 298 ) anuyogadvAraH artha ke jAnane kA upAyabhUta adhikAra anuyogadvAra kahalAtA hai| anekAnta : eka vastu meM mukhyatA aura gauNatA kI apekSA astitva nAstitva Adi paraspara virodhI dharma yugaloM kA prati pAdana karanA anekAnta hai / arhanta : karmoM kA vinAza karake paramAtmA banane kI pahalI (jIvanamukta) avasthA ko jainAgama meM arhanta kahate haiN| aloka : loka ke atirikta ananta AkAza alokAkAza __ kahalAtA hai| avagAhanA : jIvoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI-lambAI Adi ko avagAhanA kahate haiN| avarNavAda : guNavAle mahAn puruSoM meM jo doSa nahIM haiM, unako una doSoM se yukta kahanA avarNavAda kahalAtA hai| asat : jo avidyamAna ho / ahiMsA : mana, vacana aura kAya se kisI jIva ko kiMcit bhI duHkha na denA tathA usako pIr3A na pahu~cAnA ahiMsA hai| AkAza : khAlI jagaha ko AkAza kahate haiM / jainadarzana meM yaha eka vyApaka, akhaNDa, niSkriya aura amarta dravya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha samasta dravyoM ko avakAza (sthAna) detA hai| Agama : AcArya paramparA se Agata mUla siddhAntoM kA jisameM kathana ho, vaha Agama kahalAtA hai| AtmAzraya : svayaM apane lie apanI apekSA karanA AtmAzraya nAmaka doSa hai| AbAdhA : karma kA baMdha ho jAne ke bAda jitane samaya taka vaha udaya yA udIraNA ko prApta nahIM hotA, utane kAla kA nAma AbAdhA kAla hai| AmnAya : zuddha uccAraNa dvArA pATha ko bAra-bAra doharAnA AmnAya hai| AvalI : kAla kA eka pramANa vizeSa / jaghanya yuktAsaMkhyAta samayoM kI eka AvalI hotI hai| - IryApatha : IryA kA artha yoga hai| jina karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai lekina bandha nahIM hotA, balki binA phala diye hI jo

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( 299 ) karma dUsare kSaNa meM jhar3a jAte haiM, unheM IryApatha karma kahate haiM / utsedhAgaMla : kSetra pramANa kA eka bheda / 8 lIkha kA eka jU, 8 jU kA eka yava aura 8 yava kA eka utsedhAMgula hotA hai / upayoga : cetanA kI pariNati vizeSa kA nAma upayoga hai / Rddhi : tapazcaraNa ke prabhAva se kadAcit kinhIM yogiyoM ko prApta hone vAlI camatkArika zaktiyAM vizeSa Rddhi kahalAtI haiM / ye aNimA, mahimA, laghimA, garimA, prApti, prAkAmya, Izatva, vazitva, apratighAtI, antardhAna kAma, rUpitva Adi aneka prakAra kI haiM / karaNa: jIva ke zubha-azubha Adi pariNAma karaNa kahalAte haiM / adhaHkaraNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa tIna karaNa hote haiM, jo uttarottara vizuddha hote haiM / kArmaNa zarIra : samasta karmoM kA AdhAra bhUta kArmaNa zarIra kahalAtA hai / kAla : pAMcavarNa, pAMca rasa, do gandha, ATha sparza se rahita, agurulaghu, amUrta aura vartanA lakSaNa vAlA kAla kahalAtA hai / kSaya: karmoM ke samUla nAza ko kSaya kahate haiM / kSetra : sthAna ko kSetra kahate haiM / garhA : guru ke samakSa apane doSa prakaTa karanA gardA hai / gavyUti : yaha kSetra kA eka pramANa hai / isako koza bhI kahate haiM / 2000 daNDa ( dhanuSa) kA eka koza hotA hai / gula kSetra kA pramANa vizeSa / pratarAMgula ko dUsare sUcyaMgula se guNita karane para ghanAMgula hotA hai / citta : AtmA kA caitanya vizeSa rUpa pariNAma citta kahalAtA hai / 'cetanA : jisa zakti ke hone se AtmA, jJAtA, draSTA, kartA, bhoktA hotA hai, vaha cetanA hai / yaha jIva kA svabhAva hai / dhanuSa : dhanuSa kSetra kA eka pramANa hai| ise daNDa, yuga, musala, nAlikA evaM nAr3I bhI kahate haiM / cAra hAtha pramANa mApa kA dhanuSa hotA hai /

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( 300 ) naya : vaktA kA abhiprAya vizeSa naya kahalAtA hai| yaha vastu ke eka deza kA jJAna karAtA hai| nigraha : svacchanda pravRtti ko rokanA nigraha hai| nihnava : jJAna kA apalApa karanA nihnava hai| pala : kAla kA pramANa vizeSa pala hai / 24 sekeNDa kA eka pala hotA hai| palya : eka yojana gola gahare gaDDhe meM 1-7 dina taka ke utpanna bher3a ke bacce ke bAloM ke agra koTiyoM se bhara kara sausau varSa meM eka-eka bAla ke agra bhAga ke nikAlane meM jo kAla lagatA hai, utane kAla ko palya kahate haiN| puNya : dayA, dAnAdi rUpa zubha pariNAma puNya kahalAtA hai| pudgala : bheda aura saMghAta se pUraNa aura galana ko prApta hone vAlA padArtha pudgala kahalAtA hai| pradeza : eka paramANu jitanA sthAna gheratA hai, use pradeza kahate haiN| pramANAMgula : yaha kSetra pramANa kA eka bheda hai| 500 utsedhAMgula kA 1 pramANAMgula hotA hai| mAtsarya : dAna karate hue bhI Adara kA na honA yA dUsare dAtA ke guNoM ko na saha sakanA mAtsarya hai| muhUrta: 3773 ucchvAsoM kA eka muhUrta hotA hai athavA 48 minaTa (do ghar3I) kA eka muharta hotA hai| vibhAva : karmoM ke udaya se hone vAle jIva ke rAgAdi vikArI bhAvoM ko vibhAva kahate haiN| vItarAga : jinake rAga kA vinAza ho gayA hai, use vItarAga kahate haiN| saMyata : bahiraMga aura antaraMga AsravoM se virata rahane vAlA , . mahAvratI zramaNa saMyata kahalAtA hai| sAgaropama : kSetra pramANa kA eka bhAga / sUcyaMgula : kSetra pramANa kA eka bheda hai|

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sandarbha-grantha-sUcI 1. akalaMka grantha trayam : bhaTTAkalaMkadeva; sampAdaka-paM0 mahendra kumAra; prakAzaka-siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda; prathamAvRtti; vi0 saM0 1996 / 2. atharvaveda : sampAdaka-paM0 zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI; dvitIya saMskaraNa; 1962 / 3. adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa : paM0 rAjamalla jI sampAdaka-paM0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, paM0 paramAnanda jaina; prakAzaka-vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, jilA-sahAranapura; prathamAvRtti; san 1944 / 4. adhyAtma rahasya (hindI vyAkhyA sahita): paM0 AzAdhara; sampAdaka-paM0 jugulakizora mukhtAra, prakAzaka-vIra sevA mandira, dillI; san 1957 / 5. amarakoSa : nirNaya sAgara presa, bmbii| 6. amitagati zrAvakAcAra (hindI anuvAda sahita) : sampAdaka paM0 vaMzIdhara; zolApura; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 1979 / 7. aSTapAhur3a (hindI vacanikA sahita): kundakundAcArya;prakAzakaanantakIti mANikacandra granthamAlA, bambaI; prathama saMskaraNa; 1916 / 8. aSTazatI (aSTasahasrI ke antargat) : bhaTTAkalaMka deva / 9. aSTasahasrI : vidyAnanda svAmI; sampAdaka-baMzIdhara; prakAzaka___ gAMdhI nAthAraMga jI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI; san 1915 / 10. AuTa lAinsa Apha jainijma : je0 ela0 jainI, kaimbrija; 1916 / 11. AcArAMgasUtra : prathama zrutaskandha; (hindI anuvAda sahita): anuvAdaka-paM0 muni zrI saubhAgyamala jI mahArAja; sampAdakapaM0 vasantI lAla nalavAyA, nyAyatIrtha; prakAzaka-jaina sAhitya samiti, nayApurA, ujjaina; prathamAvRtti; vi0 saM0 2007 / 12. Agama yuga kA jaina darzana :paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA; saMpAdaka vijayamuni zAstrI; prakAzaka-sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA; prathama praveza; janavarI 1966 / 13. AtmatattvavicAra : zrImadvijayalakSmaNasUrIzvara jI mahArAja, sampAdaka-zrI kIrtivijaya gaNivara; prakAzaka-bI0 bI0 mehtaa|

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( 302 ) X 14. AtmamImAMsA (hindI vivecana sahita ) : paM0 mUlacandra jI zAstrI ; prakAzaka zrI zAntivIra di0 jaina saMsthAna; san 1970 / 15. Atma mImAMsA tattvadIpikA : pro0 udayacandra jaina ; prakAzakazrI gaNeza varNI di0 jaina saMsthAna, nariyA, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; vI0 ni0 saM0 2501 / 16. AtmamImAMsA : paM0 dalasukha mAlavANiyA; mudraka - rAmakRSNadAsa, banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya pra esa, banArasa; 1953 | 17. 7. Atma rahasya : ratanacandra jaina, prakAzaka - mArtaNDa upAdhyAya, sastA sAhitya maNDala, naI dillI; san 9948 / 18. AtmavAda : muni phUlacandra zramaNa; sampAdaka - muni samadarzI prabhAkara; prakAzaka --A0 zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA / 19. AtmavijJAna : rAjayogAcArya svAmI vyAsadeva jI ; prakAzakayoga niketana TrasTa, gaMgottarI, uttarakAzI, svargAzrama, RSikeza (uttarAkhaNDa); 1964 / 20. AtmAnuzAsana ( hindI bhASAnuvAda sahita ) : guNabhadrAcArya; prakAzaka - indralAla zAstrI vidyAlaMkAra, jayapura; zruta paMcamI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2482 / 21. AtmAnuzAsana : AcArya guNabhadra prakAzaka - jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura ; vi0 saMvat 2018 22. AptaparIkSA (hindI anuvAda - prastAvanAdi sahita ) : vidyAnanda svAmI; sampAdaka aura anuvAdaka - nyAyAcArya paM0 darabArIlAla koThiyA ; prakAzaka - vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, jilA sahAranapura, prathamAvRtti; vIra ni0 saM0 2476 / 23. AptamImAMsA : samantabhadrAcArya; sampAdaka - paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra; prakAzaka - vIra sevA mandira TrasTa; san 1967 / 24. AyAro : sampAdaka - muni zrInathamala prakAzaka - jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA; san 1967 / 25. ArAdhanAsAra : devasenAcArya; sampAdaka - TI0 ratnakIrti deva; jaina dharmAzAlA, prayAga; san 1967 / -

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( 303 ) 26. AlApaddhati : devasena; mA0 digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI; 1920 / 27. iSTopadeza (saMskRta-hindI TIkA sahita-samAdhizataka ke pIche ) : pUjyapAdAcArya; vIra sevA mandira, dillI; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 2021 / 28. IzAvAsyopaniSadaH gItA presa, gorakhapura / 29. uttarajjhayaNAI : sampAdaka-muni nathamala; prakAzana-jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA; 1916 / 30. uttarAdhyayana sUtra ( anuvAda sahita) : sampAdaka-sAdhvI candanA; vIrAyatana prakAzana, jaina bhavana, lohAmaMDI, AgarA; san 1972 / 31. upaniSad darzana kA racanAtmaka sarvekSaNa : rAmacandra dattAtreya rAnADe; prakAzaka-rAjasthAna hindI grantha akAdamI, jayapura; 1971 / 32. upaniSadvAkya koza : jI0 jaikovI; prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, 1963 / 33. upaniSadsa ( aMgrejI anuvAda sahita ) : saMpAdaka-ke0 pI0 bahAdura; prakAzaka nyU lAiTa pablizarsa, sAlavana skUla mArga, olDa rAjendranagara, naI dillI; 1972 / 34. Rgveda : sampAdaka-paM0 zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI; dvitIya saMskaraNa; san 1962 / 35. ekAdazopaniSad : sampAdaka-satyavata siddhAntAlaMkAra; prakA zaka-vijaya kRSNa lakhanapAla eNDa kampanI, vidyA bihAra, 4 balabIra evenyu, deharAdUna / 36. etareya upaniSad : gItA presa, gorakhapura / " 37. kaThopaniSad : gItA presa, gorakhapura / 38. karmagrantha : devendra sUri, prakAzaka-jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara; 1934-40 / / 39. karmavAda aura janmAMtara : hIrendranAtha datta; hindI anuvAdaka lallI prasAda pANDeya, prakAzaka--iNDiyana presa limiTeDa, prayAga; vi0 saM0 1986 / 40. kalyANa : punarjanma vizeSAMka, gItA presa, gorakhapura /

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( 304 ) '41. kaSAya pAhur3a (sUtra aura cUNi sahita) : yativRSabha; vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA; 1955 / 42. kaSAya pAhur3a (jayadhavalA TIkA sahita) : guNadhara; jaina saMgha, mathurA; 1944 / 43. kArtikeyAnuprekSA (saMskRta-hindI TIkA sahita) : svAmI kArti keya; sampAdaka-AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, prakAzaka-paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, zrImad rAyacandra Azrama, agAsa; prathamAvRtti; vI0 saM0 2486 / .44. kundakunda prAbhRta : sampAdaka-paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI, prakAzaka jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA; zolApura; prathama saMskaraNa; 1960 / 45. kundakunda bhAratI : sampAdaka -paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, sAgara; prakAzaka-zrI zrata bhaNDAra va graMtha prakAzana samiti, phalaTana; prathama AvRtti; san 1970 / 46. kenopaniSadaH gItA presa, gorakhapura / 47. koSItakI upaniSadH gItA presa, gorkhpur| .48. guNasthAna kramAroha : ratnakesara sUri; na0 bhA0 ghe0 bhA0, javerI bAjAra, bambaI; san 1916 / / 49. gommaTasAra karmakANDa (hindI anuvAda sahita) : prakAzaka zA0 revAzaMkara jagajIvana jauharI, AnarerI vyavasthApaka, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maNDala, bambaI; dvitIyAvRtti; vIra nirvANa saM0 2454 / 50. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa (hindI anuvAda sahita) : nemicandrAcArya siddhAMta cakravartI; dvitIyAvRtti, prakAzaka-rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI; vI. ni0 saM0 2453 / 51. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa (jIvatattvapradIpikA aura manda prabodhikA TIkA sahita ) : sampAdaka-paM0 gajAdharalAla jaina nyAyatIrtha aura zrIlAla jaina kAvyatIrtha; prakAzaka-gAMdhI harI bhAI devakaraNa jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI-4 / 52. candraprabhu caritra : vIranandi, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI-4 / 53. cArvAka darzana samIkSA : DA0 sarvAnanda pAThaka, prakAzaka

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( 305 ) caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1965 / 54. jambUdvIpa paNNatti ( hindI anuvAda sahita ) : padmanandi; prakAzaka - jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA, zolApura; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1958 / 55. jasaharacariu : ambAdAsa cavare; prakAzaka - di0 jaina graMthamAlA, kAraMjA, barAra; 1931 / 56. jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra : prakAzaka - devacandra lAlAbhAI javerI, sUrata / 57. jaina AcAra : mohanalAla mehatA; prakAzaka - pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI; 1966 / 58. jaina tattva mImAMsA : paM0 phUlacandra siddhAMtazAstrI, prakAzakaazoka prakAzana maMdira, bhadainI ghATa, vArANasI / 59. jaina darzana : DA0 mahendra kumAra jaina; sampAdaka aura niyAmakapaM0 * phUlacandra zAstrI tathA darabArIlAla koThiyA ; prakAzaka -- mantri zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina graMthamAlA vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; 1966 / 60. jaina darzana : DA0 mohanalAla mehatA; prakAzaka - sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA; 1959 / 61. jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA : muni nathamala; sampAdakamuni dulaharAja; prakAzaka - kamaleza caturvedI, prabandhaka, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curu ( rAjasthAna); parivaddhita saMskaraNa; 1973 / 62. jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna : muni zrI nagarAja jI; sampAdaka-sohanalAla ; prakAzaka - rAmalAla purI; saMcAlaka, AtmArAma eNDa sansa, kazmIrI geTa, dillI- 6; san 1959 / 63. jaina darzana sAra : paM0 cainasukhadAsa; a0 kSe0 ma0; prathama saMskaraNa | 64. jaina darzana - svarUpa aura vizleSaNa : devendra muni zAstrI; prakAzaka - zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthamAlA, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura ( rAjasthAna); prathama praveza, 1975 / 65. jaina dharma : siddhAntAcArya zrI kailAzacandra zAstrI ; prakAzaka -

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( 306 ) maMtrI, sAhitya vibhAga, mA0 vi0 jaina saMgha, mathurA; caturtha saMskaraNa; 1966 / 66. jaina nyAya : kailAzacaMdra zAstrI, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI-6; prathama saMskaraNa; 1966 / 67. jaina philAsaphI Apha nAna evayUlUTijma : esa0 mukharjI; kalakattA; 1944 / 68. jaina sAikAlojI : mohanalAla mehatA; prakAzaka-sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara; san 1953 / / 69. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (pUrva pIThikA) : paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI prakAzaka-zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina graMthamAlA, bhadainI, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; vIra ni0 saM0 2489 / 70. jainijma di olDesTa liviMga rilIjana : jyotiprasAda jaina; prakAzaka-jaina kalcara ri0 sosAyaTI, vArANasI; 1951 / 71. jainendra siddhAMta koza (bhAga 1 se 4), jinendra varNI; prakAzaka. bhAratIya jJAnapITha; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1970-73 / 72. jJAnArNava (hindI anuvAda sahita) : zubhacandrAcArya, prakAzaka zrI paramazrata prabhAvaka maMDala, rAyacaMdra jaina zAstramAlA, javerI bAjAra, bambaI; vI0ni0 saM0 2433 / 73. ThANaM : sampAdaka-muni zrI vallabhavijaya; prakAzaka-mANekalAla cunnIlAla, ahamadAbAda; 1937 / 74. DAkTrina Apha da jainijma : vAlthara saM0; prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI; san 1932 / 75. tattvasaMgraha : kamalazIta; sampAdaka dvArikAdAsa zAstrI prakAzaka -- bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; 1968 / 76. tattvAnuzAsana (hindI bhASAnuvAda sahita) : nAgasena sUri; prakA zaka-vIra sevA mandira, dillI; prathama saMskaraNa; 1963 / / 77. tattvArthavArtika, bhAga 1, 2 (hindI sAra sahita) : bhaTTa akalaMka deva; sampAdaka-pro0 mahendrakumAra jaina, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; prathamAvRtti; vI0ni0 saM0 2499 / 78. tattvArthavRtti (hindI sAra sahita) : zrutasAgara; sampAdaka mahendra kumAra jaina; prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii|

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( 307 ) '79. tattvArthazlokAvAtikam : vidyAnandi; sampAdaka-paM0 manohara lAla; prakAzaka-gAMdhInAthAraMga-jaina granthamAlA, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI; vI0 ni0 saM0 2444 / '80. tattvArthasAra : amRtacandra sUri; sampAdaka-baMzIdhara zAstrI; bhA0 ja0 si0 pra0 saM0, kalakattA; vIra saM0 2445 / 81. tattvArthasUtra : sampAdaka-paM0 phUlacandra jaina, prakAzaka-zrI gaNezavarNI granthamAlA, vArANasI; vI0 ni0 saM0 2476 / 82. tattvArthasUtra (hindI bhUmikA aura vyAkhyA sahita): paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, vardhA, prathama saMskaraNa; 1952 / 83. tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAmI; sampAdaka -- paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, prakAzaka-bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha; prathama AvRtti; vI0 ni0 saM0 2477 / 84. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra sabhASya (hindI bhASAnuvAda sahita ) : prakAzaka-zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maNDala, bambaI-2; san 1932 / 85. tiloyapaNNatti ( hindI anuvAda sahita): yati vRSabha; prakAzaka-jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA; prathama saMskaraNa; vikrama saM0 1999 / 86. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcAryaparamparA : DA0 nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya; a0 bhA0 di0 jaina vidvatpariSad prathama saMskaraNa; 1974 / 87. taittirIya upaniSada : gItA presa, gorakhapura / 88. tarkabhASA : kezava mizra prakAzaka-saM0 sI0, cauka, vaaraannsii| 89. tarkasaMgraha : annama bhaTTa, prakAzaka-haridAsa saMskRta granthamAlA, saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI ; saptama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 2026 / 90. triloka sAra : nemicandra prakAzaka-jai0 sA0, bambaI; prathama saMskaraNa; 1618 / 91. darzana aura cintana : paM0 sukhalAla jI, prakAzaka-paM0 sukha

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( 308 ) lAla jI sammAna samiti, gujarAta vidyA sayAbhadra, ahamadAbAda; vi0 saM0 2013 / 92. darzanapAhur3a : kundakundAcArya; prakAzaka-mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, bambaI; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 1977 / 93. darzanasAra : devasena; sampAdaka-nAthUrAma premI, prakAzaka__ mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, prathama saMskaraNa / 94. di mAiDa eNDa spiriTa Apha iNDiyA : ena0 ke0 devarAja; prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa cauka, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; 1967 / 95. di hArTa Apha jainijma : esa0 esa0; AksaphorDa yunivarsiTI presa; 1915 / 96. dIghanikAya (hindI) : anuvAdaka-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana; prakA zaka-mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha; san 1936 / (pAli ) sampAdaka--bhikkhu jagadIza kazyapa, prakAzaka navanAlandA mahAvihAra, san 1658 / - 97. dravyasaMgraha : nemicandrAcArya, prakAzaka-zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala; vI0 ni0 saM0 2433 / 68. dhammapada : anuvAdaka-rAhula sAMkRtyAyana; prakAzaka-mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha; 1933 / 66. dharmazarmAbhyudaya : harizcandra; sampAdaka-paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya; prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1654 / 100. dhavalA (hindI anuvAda sahita) : bIrasena; prathama saMskaraNa; amarAvatI; 1636-59 / 101. naMdIsutaM : sampAdaka-munizrI puNyavijaya Adi; prakAzaka-zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya; san 1668 / 102. nayacakra : mAilla dhavala; sampAdaka aura hindI TIkA vyAkhyA kAra-paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI; prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; prathama saMskaraNa, san 1971 / / 103. nAyAdhammakahAo : sampAdaka-candra sAgara sUri, prakAzaka -- sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI; san 1951 /

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( 309 ) / 104. niyamasAra : kundakundAcArya; prakAzaka - jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga bambaI; 1916 | 105. nyAyakumudacandra : prabhAcandrAcArya ( bhAga 1-2 ) ; sampAdakamahendra kumAra nyAyazAstrI; prakAzaka - maMtrI zrI nAthUrAma pra emI, mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, giragAMva, bambaI - 4; prathamAvRtti; vI0 ni0 saM0 2464 / , 106. nyAyadarzana ( vAtsyAyana bhASya sahita ) : sampAdaka - zrI nArAyaNa mizra, prakAzaka - caukhambhA saM0 sIrija vArANasI; dvitIya saMskaraNa; 1970 / 107. nyAyadIpikA : abhinava dharma bhUSaNa; sampAdaka aura anuvAdakanyAyAcArya paM0 darabArIlAla jaina koThiyA; prakAzaka - vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, jilA sahAranapura; prathamAvRtti; maI 1945 / 108. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa : bhaTTAkalaMka deva sampAdaka - paM0 mahendra kumAra jaina, prakAzaka - - bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; prathama saMskaraNa; 1954 / 109. nyAyasUtra : gautama RSi sampAdaka - paM0 zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI; prathama saMskaraNa; 1964 // 110. nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti: zAntisUri sampAdaka -- paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA prakAzaka - siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, prathamAvRtti, san 1949 / 111. paMcadazI (hindI anuvAda sahita ) : vidyAraNya muni prakAzakaratana eNDa kaM0, buka selarsa, darIbA kalA~, dillI / 112. paMcasaMgraha (saMskRta TIkA, prAkRta vRtti evaM hindI bhUmikA sahita ) : prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1960 / 0 - 113. paMcasaMgraha (svopajJavRtti sahita ) : candraSi; prakAzaka- Agamodaya samiti, bambaI; 1927 // 14. paMcAdhyAyI (pUrvArdha - uttarArdha) : paM0 rAjamalla, sampAdakapaM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI; varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI / 15. paMcAstikAya (tattvadIpikA tAtparyavRtti - bAlAvabodha bhASA ka

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( 310 ) sahita) : kundakundAcArya; prakAzaka-rAvajI bhAI chagana bhAI desAI, AnarerI vyavasthApaka, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImadrAjacandra jaina zAstra mAlA, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, AgAsa, tRtIyAvRtti, vi0 saM0 2025 / -116. pataMjali yogadarzana bhASya : maharSi vyAsadeva; prakAzaka-zrI lakSmI nivAsa caMDaka, ajamera; dvitIya saMskaraNa; san 1961 / 117. padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA : padmanandi; prakAzaka-jIvarAja granthamAlA; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1832 / -118. padmapurANa : raviSeNa; prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 2016 / / 116. paramAtmaprakAza : (saMskRta vRtti evaM hindI bhASA TIkA sahita) : yogIndu deva; sampAdaka-AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye; prakAzaka-paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, rAyacandra jaina zAstra mAlA, jauharI bAjAra, bambaI-2; dvitIya saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 2017 / 120. parIkSAmukha : mANikyanandi; sampAdaka-mohanalAla zAstrI, jblpur| 121. puruSArthasiddhayupAya (hindI anuvAda sahita) : amRtacandra sUri; prakAzaka-bhA0 jai0si0pra0saM0, kalakattA; vI0 saM0 2452 / 122. prakaraNapaMcikA : zAlikanAtha; prakAzaka-caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraannsii| 123. prajJApanAsUtra-paNNavaNAsuttaM : sampAdaka-muni zrI puNyavijaya Adi; prakAzaka-zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI; san 124. pramANa-naya tattvAloka : vAdideva sUri; vivecaka aura anu vAdaka-paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla nyAyatIrtha; prakAzakaAtma jAgati kAryAlaya, zrI jaina gurukula zikSaNa saMgha, byAvara; prathamAvRtti; san 1642 / / 125. pramANa-naya-nikSepa prakAza : siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI; prakAzaka-mantrI, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, assI, vArANasI-5; prathama saMskaraNa; vI0ni0 saMvat 2497 /

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( 311 ) 126. prameyakamalamArtaNDa : prabhAcandrAcArya; sampAdaka-paM0 mahendra kumAra zAstrI; prakAzaka-nirNaya sAgara presa; dvitIya saMskaraNa; san 1941 / 127. prameyaratnamAlA (hindI vyAkhyA sahita ): laghu anantavIrya; vyAkhyAkAra tathA sampAdaka-paM0 zrI hIrAlAla jI jaina; prakAzaka-caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 2020 / 128. pravacanasAra : kundakundAcArya; sampAdaka-A0 ne0 upAdhye; prakAzaka-paramazra ta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImadrAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa; tRtIya AvRtti; san 1964 / 129. prazamaratiprakaraNa (hindI TIkA sahita) : umAsvAti; prakAzaka rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI; prathama saMskaraNaH san 1950 / 130. premI abhinandana grantha : prakAzaka-premI abhinandana graMtha samiti, TIkamagar3ha; aktUbara 1946 / 131. bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana-bhAga 1-2 : bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, prakAzaka-baMgAla hindI maMDala, rAyala eksaceMja plesa, kalakattA; vi0 saM0 2011 / 1132. bauddha darzana meM Atma parIkSA ( zodha prabandha ) DA0 maheza tivArI; bihAra vizvavidyAlaya, mujaphpharapura (aprkaashit)| 133. bauddha dharma darzana : AcArya narendra deva; prakAzaka-bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, sammelana bhavana, paTanA-3; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 2013 / 134. bra0 paM0 candAbAI abhinandana grantha : prakAzaka-a. bhA0 di0 jaina mahilA pariSad, zrI jaina bAlA-vizrAma, dharmakuMja, dhanupurA, ArA; vI0 ni0 2480 / 135. brahmasUtra zrI zAMkara bhASya : prakAzaka-caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1964 /

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( 312 ) prabhAkara mizra; prakAzaka 136. bRhatI - bhAga 1, 2 vidyAlaya; san 1934 / -madrAsa vizva - 137. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, gItApresa gorakhapura / 138. bhagavatI ArAdhanA : AcArya zivakoTi sampAdaka - sakhArAma dozI, prakAzaka - jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA, zolApura; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1935 / 139. bhAratIya tattva vidyA : paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI, prakAzakaratilAla dIpacanda desAI, mantrI jJAnodaya TrasTa, anekAnta vihAra, ahamadAbAda ; san 1960 / 140. bhAratIya darzana : umeza mizra; prakAzaka - hindI samiti, sUcanA vibhAga, uttarapradeza, lakhanaU; dvitIya saMskaraNa; san 1964 / ------- 141. bhAratIya darzana : vAcaspati gairolA ; prakAzaka - lokabhAratI prakAzana; dvitIya saMskaraNa; san 1966 / 142. bhAratIya darzana : DA0 nandakizora devarAja; prakAzaka- hindustAnI ekeDamI, ilAhAbAda; san 1941 143. bhAratIya darzana - bhAga 1-2 : DA0 rAdhAkRSNan; anuvAdakasva0 nandakizora gobhila vidyAlaMkAra; prakAzaka - rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillI; tRtIya saMskaraNa; san 1973 / 144. bhAratIya darzana (aitihAsika aura samIkSAtmaka vivecana ) : sampAdaka - DA0 nandakizora devarAja; prakAzaka - nidezaka, uttara pradeza hindI grantha ekeDamI, lakhanaU; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1975 / 145. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA : pro0 harendraprasAda sinhA; prakAzaka - zrI sundaralAla motIlAla banArasIdAsa, azoka rAjapatha, paTanA-4; tRtIya saMzodhita evaM parivaddhita saMskaraNa; san 1974 / 146. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA : ema0 hiriyannA; anuvAdaka - DA0 govardhana bhaTTa, zrImatI maMju gupta, zrI sukhavIra caudharI; prakAzaka - rAjakamala prakAzana prA0 li0, 8 netAjI subhASa mArga, dillI; dvitIyAvRtti; san 1973 |

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( 313 ) 147. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna : DA0 hIrAlAla jaina; prakAzaka-ma0 pra0 zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla; san 1962 / 148. bhAvapAhur3a : kundakundAcArya; prakAzaka-mANikacandra grantha mAlA, bambaI; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 1970 / / 146. manusmRti : kullUka bhaTTa; sampAdaka-gopAla zAstrI nene prakAzaka-caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI; dvitIya saMskaraNa; san 1970 / 150. marudharakesarI munizrI mizrImala jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha : ma0 ke0 a0 grantha samiti, jodhapUra; vI. ni0 saM0 2495 / 151. malindapanho : motIlAla banArasIdAsa / 152. mahApurANa : sampAdaka-paM0 pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya; prakA zaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; prathamAvRtti, san 1951 / / 153. mahApurANa (hindI anuvAda sahita) : jinasena; prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; prathama saMskaraNa; sana 1951 / 154. mahAbandha (hindI anuvAda sahita) : prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAna pITha, kAzI; sana 1947-1958 / 155. mahAvagga : sampAdaka-bhikkhU jagadIza kazyapo; bihAra rAjakI yena pAlipakAsana maNDalenapakAsitA; sana 1956 / 156. mANDUkyopaniSad; gItA presa, gorkhpur| 157. mImAMsA darzana : maNDana mizra, prakAzaka-rameza buka Dipo jayapura; san 1955 / / 158 mImAMsA darzana ( zAvara bhASya ) : zAbara svAmI, ha. kR. cauka, kaashii| 156. muNDakopaniSada, gItA presa, gorakhapura / 160. mUlAcAra (hindI anuvAda sahita ) : vaTTakera; anuvAdaka manoharalAla, prakAzaka-anantakIti granthamAlA, bambaI; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1616 / 161. mokSamArgaprakAza : paM0 ToDaramala; sampAdaka-paM0 lAla bahAdura zAstrI, prakAzaka-mantrI sAhitya vibhAga, bhA0 di. jaina saMdha, caurAsI, mathurA; sana 1948 /

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( 314 ) 162. yAjJavalkya smRti : prakAzaka-nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI; san 1936 / 163. yuktyanuzAsana : svAmI samantabhadra, prakAzaka-sevA mandira, sarasAvA, prathama saMskaraNa; san 1951 / / 164. yoga darzana : maharSi pataMjali; saMpAdaka-zrIrAma zarmA AcArya: prakAzaka-saMskRta saMsthAna, barelI; tIsarA saMskaraNa; san 1666 / 165. yogasAra ( hindI anuvAda sahita ) : amitagati; prakAzaka bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, kalakattA; prathama saMskaraNa; vI0 ni0 saM0 2444 / 166. yogasAra (paramAtmaprakAza ke antargata saMskRta chAyA aura hindI sAra) : yogIndu deva; prakAzaka-paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrI rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA; dvitIya saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 2017 / 167. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra (prabhAcandrAcAryaracita saMskRta TIkA tathA hindI rUpAntara sahita) : AcArya samantabhadra prakAzaka-vIra sevA mandira TrasTa; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1972 / 168. ratnAkarAvatArikA : vAdideva sUri; prakAzaka-yazovijaya jaina graMthamAlA, vArANasI; vIra saM0 2437 / 166. rAyapaseNaiyaM : sampAdaka-60 becaradAsa jI dozI, prakAzaka gurjara grantha ratna kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda; san 1936 / 170. riyaliTI : esa0 e0 jaina; prakAzaka-vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA; sana 1960 / 171. labdhisAra : kundakundAcArya prakAzaka-jaina siddhAnta pra0 saM0, kalakattA; prathama saMskaraNa / 172. varNI abhinandana graMtha : prakAzaka-saMyukta mantrI, zrI varNI hIraka jayantI ma0 sa0, sAgara; vI0ni0 2476 / 173. vasunandizrAvakAcAra : AcArya vasunandi; sampAdaka-hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI prathama saMskaraNa / 174. vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi : AcArya vasubandhu; sampAdaka evaM anu

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( 315 ) vAdaka-DA0 maheza tivArI, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa; sana 1967 / 175. vizuddhi mArga : dharmarakSita; prakAzaka-mahAbodhi sabhA, sAra nAtha, vaaraannsii| 176. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya : jinabhadragaNi zramaNa; sampAdaka-rAjendra vijaya jI mahArAja, prakAzaka-divyadarzana kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda; sana 1962 / 177. vizvatattvaprakAza : sampAdaka-vidyAdhara joharApurakara; prakA zaka-jaina saMskRta saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1964 / 178. vizuddha magga : buddhaghoSa; sampAdaka-bhadanta revatadharma; prakAzaka bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, kaashii| 176. vedAntasAra : khilADI lAla, caturtha saMskaraNa / 180. vaizeSika darzana (prazastapAdabhASya ): maharSi prazastapAda deva; caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI; prathama saMskaraNa; san 1966 / 181. zAstradIpikA : pArthasArathi mizra prakAzaka-nirNaya sAgara, bambaI; prathama saMskaraNa san 1915 / 182. zAstravArtA samuccaya : haribhadra sUri; prakAzaka-lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda; __ prathamAvRtti, san 1969 / 183. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita) : bhUtabali puSpadanta; prakAzaka-jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya amarAvatI; prathama AvRtti; san 1939-1956 / 184. SaDdarzana rahasya : paMDita raMganAtha pAThaka; prakAzaka-bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA-3; prathama AvRtti; san 2015 / 185. SaDdarzana samuccaya ( guNaratnasUrikRta tarka rahasya dIpikA, somadevasUrikRta laghuvRtti tathA avacUrNi sahita): AcArya haribhadra sUri; sampAdaka aura anuvAdaka-DA0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya; prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI; prathama AvRtti, san 1970 /

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( 316 ) 186. saMyukta nikAya : prakAzaka-mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha; prathama AvRtti, san 1654 / 187. satyazAsana parIkSA : AcArya vidyAnanda; sampAdaka-gokula candra jaina; prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha; prathama AvRtti; san 1964 / 188. sanmati tarka prakaraNam TIkA : abhayadeva sUri; sampAdaka paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI evaM paM0 becaradAsa dozI, prakAzakaviTThaladAsa maganalAla koThArI gujarAta vidyApITha kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda; prathamAvRtti; vi0 saM0 1680 / / 189. samayasAra ( AtmakhyAti-tAtparyavRtti-AtmakhyAtibhASAvaca nikA TIkA sahita) : kundakundAcArya sampAdaka-paM0 pannAlAla jaina; prakAzaka-rAvajI bhAI chaganabhAI desAI, paramazru ta prabhAvaka maMDala (zrImadrAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA), boriyA (gujarAta); dvitIyAvRtti; san 1974 / 160. samayasAra (aMgrejI anuvAda aura prastAvanA sahita):pro0 e0 cakravartI; prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; prathama AvRtti; san 1650 / 161. samAdhizataka : pUjyapAdAcArya; prakAzaka-vIra sevA mandira, dillI; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 2021 / / 162. sarvadarzanasaMgraha (hindI TIkA sahita): mAdhavAcArya prakAzaka .. caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vaaraannsii| 163. sarvArthasiddhi : pUjya pAdAcArya; saMpAdaka evaM anuvAdaka-paM0 phUlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI; bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; prathamA vRtti; san 1955 / 164. sAMkhyakArikA (gauDapAda bhASya) : Izvara kRSNa; ha0 kR0 cau0 kAzI; vi0 saMvat 1679 / 15. sAMkhyatattvakaumudI : vAcaspati mizra, prakAzaka-prema prakA zana, ahamadAbAda; caturtha saMskaraNa; san 1666 / 166. sAMkhyasUtram : kapila muni; saMpAdaka-zrIrAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya; prakAzaka-bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI; vi0 saM0 2022 /

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( 317 ) 167. siddhAnta lakSaNa tattvAloka : dharmadatta (baccA) sUri prakAzaka vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, kAzI; san 1925 / 198. siddhAntasAra saMgraha : prakAzaka-jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA prathama saMskaraNa; san 1957 / 166. siddhivinizcaya TIkA : prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI; - prathama saMskaraNa; san 1951 / 200. subhASita ratnasaMdoha : amitagatyAcArya; prakAzaka-bhA0 jai0 si0 pra0 saM0, kalakattA; san 1917 / / 201. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ( zIlAMkakRta TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita ): prakAzaka-javAhiralAla mahArAja, rAjakoTa; prathama saMskaraNa; vi0 saM0 1693 / 202. sUyagaDo : sampAdaka-pI0 ela0 vaidya; prakAzana-zreSThI motI- lAla, manA; 1928 / / 203. sTaDIja ina jaina philAsaphI : ena0 TATiyA; prakAzaka-jaina kalacara risarca sosAiTI, banArasa; san 1651 / 204. sthAnAMga satrama : prakAzaka-Agamodaya samiti, sUrata / 205. syAdvAdamaMjarI : malliSeNa sari; hindI anuvAdaka tathA / saMpAdaka-DA. jagadIzacandra jaina, prakAzaka-rAvajI bhAI chaganabhAI desAI, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, (zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA); tRtIya saMskaraNa; san 1670 / / 206. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana philAsaphI : ena0 dAsa guptA prakAzaka kaimbrija yUnivarsiTI presa; 1955 /

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( 318) patra-patrikAe~ anekAnta ( traimAsika ) : prakAzaka-vIra sevA mandira, 21 dariyAgaMja, naI dillii-2| Atmadharma ( mAsika ):prakAzaka-zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, songddh'| jaina vizva bhAratI anusandhAna patrikA, lADanUM ( rAjasthAna ) jaina sandeza : prakAzaka-bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mthuraa| jaina siddhAnta bhAskara : prakAzaka-zrIdevakumAra jaina oriyaNTala risarca insTITyUTa, ArA ( bihAra ) / tIrthaMkara : prakAzaka-hIrA bhaiyA prakAzana, 65 patrakAra kAlonI, kanAr3iyA mArga, indaura ( ma0 pr0)| dArzanika traimAsika : prakAzaka-akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSad, jypur| prajJA : prakAzaka-kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vaaraannsii| vaizAlI insTITyUTa-risarca buleTina naM0 2,1974 / zramaNa (mAsika) : prakAzaka-pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vaaraannsii-5| ___ sanmati sandeza ( mAsika ) : prakAzaka--535, gAMdhInagara, dillii|

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75 78 61 25 24 26 utpAdavyayadhuva saMcarati jJAnasthApyAtmavahIM tavyavacchedArtha utpAdavyayadhruva prANAdhipa: saMcarati jJAnasyApyAtmavizvatasvaprakAza tavyavacchevArtha 25 pA 107 108 106 23 22 kA parivatana eva parivartana evaM 14 118 22 saMsArI karmodaya atirikta duHkhAdi ke kAraNa bhoktRtva sabhI ko 1216 121 10 123 1 124 16 124 31 125 sasArI kamodaya . atirika duHkhAdi kAraNa bhoktRtva sabhI kI ne, eka SaTkhaDAgama SaTapaNDAgama kSAyikA bagha. dravyAthika mokSA saMvAdo hote haiM zvAsochavAsa gArgaNA krodhAdikhyAtmanaH sarvAthasiddhi pacAstikAya ekAMkI 1277 1286 SaTkhaNDAgama SaTakhaNDAgama kSAyika bandha dravyAthika mokSa saMvAvI hote haiMzvAsocchvAsa mArgaNA krodhAdirapyAtmanaH sarvArthasiddhi paJcAstikAya ekAMgI 141 142 28 * 22

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[ 4 ] dArzanikoM dii1 6 176 20 - dAzanikoM 183 1 'apUrva 186 2 hote 162 kArmaNa audArika 205 27 6!13 206 22 kapola 2086 AMgopAMga 208 sarvAthasiddhi 214 17 pacendriya 223 12 pujarjanma227 12 228 32 gRhaNAti 226 paramparaM 231 punajanma vAraNa 31 sarvAthasiddhi 242 245 SaTkhaMgAgama 'apUrva hote kArmaNa zarIra audArika, 6.13 kApota aMgopAMga sarvArthasiddhi paMcendriya punarjanma gRhNAti paraM paraM punarjanma dhAraNa sarvArthasiddhi 17 SaTkhaNDAgama 257 258 264 264 2 AtadhyAna dhama sapUrNa ArtadhyAna dharma sampUrNa 264 sarvAthasiddhi sarvArthasiddhi 272 16 ha 274 16 TAkAkAroM 5 SaDdarzanasamaccaya dasarI usake TIkAkAroM pakSa SaDdarzanasamuccaya dUsarI usakI 284 286 4 20

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Rabinsonileaoad HINDI lekhaka-paricaya DA0 lAlacanda jaina kA janma 3 maI, san 1944 I. meM kizanagar3ha jilA chatarapura (ma0 pra0) meM huaa| Apane syAdvAda mahA vidyAlaya, vArANasI se siddhAnta zAstrI; sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya se jaina darzanAcArya, bihAra vizvavidyAlaya, mujaphpharapura se ema0 e0 (prAkRta-jainazAstra evaM saMskRta) tathA kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI se ema0 e0 (darzanazAstra), zAstrAcArya (jainadarzana) evaM pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhiyA~ grahaNa kii| Apane bihAra vizvavidyAlaya kI ema0 e0 (prAkRta evaM jainAlAjI) parIkSA meM svarNapadaka bhI prApta kiyA / Apane san 1972-74 I0 taka jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM meM pravaktA ke pada para kArya kiyA, tatpazcAt julAI, 1974 se Apa prAkRta, jainavidyA evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI (bihAra) meM pravaktA ke pada para kAryarata haiN| vividha zodha patrikAoM evaM abhinandana-granthoM meM Apake aneka zodhAtmaka nibandha bhI prakAzita hue haiN| Pap er Sesamananews Sain Education International For Payale 2 Personal use on Saawijairnelibrary.orgs