Mulsutra Ek Parishilan

Author(s): Devendramuni
Publisher: Tarak Guru Jain Granthalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002996/1

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@ naMdI sUtra (anuyogadvAra sUtra dazavaikAlika sUtra uttarAdhyayana sUtra mUla sUtra : eka parizIlana (cAra mUla sUtroM para sAra pUrNa vistRta samIkSAeM) AcArya zrI devendra muni

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mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ( cAra mUlasUtroM kI tulanAtmaka sAra samIkSA) lekhaka + AcArya samrAT zrI devendra muni + sampAdana + muni zrI nemIcanda jI ma. sAdhvIratna puSpavatI jI ma. * prakAzaka * zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . / mA - . . - - . . - AcAryasamrAT pUjya zrI devendra muni jI ma. kI prathama puNya tithi para prakAzita zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya kA 368vA~ puSpa . - - . - . . . pustaka : mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana . . . lekhaka : AcAryasamrAT zrI devendra muni jI ma. . . . . sampAdana : muni zrI nemIcanda jI ma. sAdhvIratna puSpavatI jI ma. .. . . - . - . paraka - : dineza muni : bAlayogI dvIpendra muni . . . . . prakAzana saujanya : gurubhakta DaoN. campAlAla jI desaraDA auraMgAbAda . . . . . prathama prakAzana . : vi. saM. 2057 vaizAkha (AcAryazrI kI prathama puNya tithi) 14 maI 2000 . 1 . - - - . - . - prakAzaka-prAptisthAna : zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya guru puSkara mArga, udayapura-313 001 phona : 0294-413518 . - . - - mUlya : eka sau paccIsa rupayA mAtra 125/

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AzIrvacana gaNanAyaka AcArya 'gaNI' kahalAtA hai| gaNI kI ATha saMpadA arthAt unake AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika vyaktitva kA vaibhava hotA hai| - sabase prathama hai AcAra sNpdaa| AcArya zuddha nirmala cAritravAna ho, dhIra-gaMbhIra svabhAva kA ho| dUsarI hai-shrut-sNpdaa| zAstroM kA Adara evaM zraddhA pUrvaka adhyayana karane vaalaa| sUtra vai artha kA gaMbhIra jJAna rakhane vAlA tathA sva samaya-parasamaya kA jJAtA ho| isI prakAra zarIra-saMpadA prabhAvazAlI oja-teja yukta saMpUrNa indriya vaalaa| vacana-saMpadA meM : vivekapUrNa Adeya vacana kA dhanI, zAlIna va madhura bhASaNa karane vaalaa| AcArya devendra muni ko apane ziSya kI bhUmikA se Upara jaba eka AcArya ke rUpa meM dekhatA hU~ to vizvAsa aura gaurava ke sAtha kaha sakatA ha~ unameM gaNI saMpadA kI ye cAra sampadAyeM dekhakara merA mana santuSTa aura prasanna hotA hai| * choTI umra meM vairAgya-viveka aura jJAna kI jo triveNI unameM dekhane ko milI, vaha kisI bhI gurU ke lie gauravazAlI hai| athaka parizrama karake jaina zruta sAhitya kI jo bahumukhI sevAeM unhoMne kI haiM tathA kara rahe haiM, vaha Ane vAle yuga meM eka Azcarya kA viSaya bana jaayegii| AcArya pada kA dAyitva saMbhAlane ke pazcAt yadyapi ve zruta-sevA meM itanA samaya nahIM de pA rahe haiM parantu saMgha kI sevA, dharma kI prabhAvanA ke rUpa meM ve apane kartavyoM kA bar3I sajagatA aura kuzalatA pUrvaka nirvAha kara rahe haiM aura karate raheMge yahI merI hArdika zubhecchA hai| -upAdhyAya puSkara muni O W ww.jainelibrary.org

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[ prakAzakIya zramaNasaMgha ke tRtIya paTTadhara, vidvadmanISI AcAryasamrATa zrI devendra muni jI isa yuga meM sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA ke eka prakhyAta prajJApuruSa santa the| Apa janmajAta pratibhA ke dhanI the| bahuzrutatA ke sAtha-sAtha Apa siddhahasta lekhaka the| ApazrI ne jaina sAhitya ke vividha viSayoM para lagabhaga 350 se adhika pustakoM kI racanA kara eka vizva kIrtimAna sthApita kiyaa| AcAryazrI abhI apanI bahumukhI pratibhA se aura bhI sAhitya sarjana kara zruta-devatA ke bhaMDAra kI abhivRddhi karate, kintu akasmAt hI ApazrI kA svargavAsa ho gayA jisase jaina jagat kI apUraNIya kSati huii| ___ AcAryazrI ne jaina AgamoM para atyanta mahattvapUrNa prastAvanAe~ bhI likhIM, jo kevala prastAvanA na hokara saMpUrNa Agama kI sArapUrNa samIkSAe~ siddha huiiN| ina prastAvanAoM ko par3hakara saMpUrNa Agama kA viSaya darpaNa kI bhA~ti pratibimbita ho uThatA hai| AcAryazrI dvArA likhita prastAvanAoM meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMgasUtra evaM bhagavatIsUtra kI prastAvanA tathA cAra chedasUtroM kI prastAvanA to chapa cukI haiN| mUlasUtroM kI prastAvanA bhI chapane kI taiyArI thI, kintu durbhAgyavaza isI bIca paramazraddheya AcAryazrI kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| svargavAsa se pahale hI AcAryazrI ne nandIsUtra kI apUrNa-prastAvanA ko pUrNa kara isake saMzodhana saMpAdana ke lie vidvadrala muni zrI nemIcanda jI ma. ko saMpUrNa sAmagrI preSita kara dI thii| munizrI ne manoyogapUrvaka pAMDulipi meM Avazyaka saMzodhana parivardhana karake punaH AcAryazrI kI sevA meM avalokana hetu bhejii| AcAryazrI isakA pUrNa avalokana kara hI nahIM pAye acAnaka kAla ne unako hamase chIna liyaa| ina cAroM mUlasUtroM kI prastAvanAoM ko punaH vyavasthita rUpa dene kA zramapUrNa sahayoga pUjya bahana mahArAja sAdhvIratna zrI puSpavatI jI ma. ne kiyaa| aura isake prakAzana meM gurudeva ke paramabhakta sAhitya prakAzana meM ekaniSThabhAvena sahayogI udAramanA suzrAvaka DaoN. campAlAla jI desaraDA (auraMgAbAda) ne saMpUrNa artha sahayoga pradAna karake gurudeva ke prati asIma zraddhA abhivyakta kI hai, tathA hamAre kArya ko sahaja-sampanna kiyA hai| hama unake AbhArI haiN| pustaka ke mudraNa meM sAhityakAra zrIcanda jI surAnA 'sarasa' ne pUrNa zraddhAbhAvapUrvaka parizrama kiyA hai| isa upakrama meM gurudeva zrI ke ekaniSTha sevAbhAvI antevAsI zrI dineza muni jI kI preraNA hamArA utsAha bar3hAtI rahI hai| hama Apa sabake prati apanI kRtajJatA vyakta karate haiN| -cunnIlAla dharmAvata koSAdhyakSa zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura

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[ yatkiMcita tIrthaMkara gotra karmabaMdha ke bIsa sthAnakoM meM eka sthAna hai-punaH-punaH zrutajJAna kI ArAdhanA/prabhAvanA krnaa| jo sAdhaka parama ekaniSTha bhAvapUrvaka zrutajJAna kI ArAdhanA-sAdhanA meM lIna rahatA hai vaha kabhI utkRSTa rasAyana Ane para saMsAra kA sarvazreSTha lokottara pada bhI prApta kara letA hai| yaha vItarAga sarvajJa puruSoM kA kathana hai| zruta samupAsanA ke kSetra meM aneka yazasvI nAmoM kI zrRMkhalA meM zramaNasaMgha ke tRtIya paTTadhara AcArya zrI devendra muni jI kA nAma jaina itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita rhegaa| nau varSa kI laghuvaya se jJAna-darzana-cAritra kI ArAdhanA meM juTakara 68 varSa kI avasthA taka lagabhaga 6 dazaka taka samarpita bhAva se eka hI lakSya kI ora bar3hate gaye, bar3hate gaye aura apanI sAdhanA ke zikhara taka pahu~cane meM saphala hue| unakA nAma Aja bhAratIya sAhitya kI viziSTadhArA jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM vizva maMca para prakhyAta hai| AcAryazrI ne apane jIvanakAla meM bahuta adhyayana kiyA, manana kiyA, cintana kiyA aura usa cintana-manana ko lekhanI ke mAdhyama se sAhitya ke rUpa meM prastuta kara jaina sAhitya kI jo abhivRddhi kI hai, vaha Azcaryajanaka kahI jA sakatI hai| vividha viSayoM para lagabhaga 350 se adhika pustakoM kA lekhana saMpAdana saMzodhana kara ApazrI ne jaina sAhitya ko samRddha kiyA hai, tathA lAkhoM pAThakoM kI jJAna-vRddhi aura darzana-vizuddhi se sahAyaka bane haiM, yaha eka aTala satya hai| AcAryazrI ne itihAsa-darzana-saMskRti-Agama-pravacana-cintana-kathAkahAnI-jIvana caritra Adi viSayoM meM jahA~ sarala aura kaThina donoM prakAra kI zailI meM saikar3oM pustakoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| vahIM karma siddhAnta jaise ati gahana-gaMbhIra aura samyaktva kI mUla AdhAra bhUmi para 'karma-vijJAna' nAmaka vizAlakAya graMtha kI racanA kI hai| vaha jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM eka anUThI kRti khlaayegii| nau bhAgoM meM lagabhaga 4500 pRSThoM meM prakAzita isa mahAkAya graMtha kA anuzIlana-parizIlana karane vAlA jijJAsu pAThaka unake prati bAra-bAra zraddhAnata hue binA nahIM rhegaa| eka viSaya ko itane vistAra aura surucipUrNa DhaMga se prastuta kara sacamuca AcArya bhagavaMta ne eka cirasmaraNIya kArya kiyA hai| __isI prakAra jaina AgamoM para bhI AcAryazrI ne navIna zailI meM jo likhA hai, vaha apane Apa meM anUThA hai| zramaNasaMgha ke yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni jI ma. sA. ke nidezana meM AgamoM kA hindI anuvAda sahita prakAzana prAraMbha huA taba Apane AgamoM para adhikAra pUrNa prastAvanAe~ likhane kA unakA Agraha sAdara svIkAra kiyA thaa|

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prastAvanA kA artha hI hai-pustaka meM varNita samasta viSaya kI pRSThabhUmi; usakI rUparekhA aura usa viSaya kA sarvAMgINa svarUpa prastuta kara denA, jisase pustaka par3hane se pahale hI pAThaka ke hRdaya meM usa viSaya kI jijJAsA aura zraddhA utpanna ho jAye aura usa viSaya ko spaSTa samajhane kI yogyatA pAtratA bhI prApta ho ske| yaha kArya vahI kara sakatA hai jo usa viSaya kA adhikArI vidvAn ho, sAtha hI usa viSaya ke prati niSThA, zraddhA aura Adara bhAva se samarpita ho| usa samaya yuvAcAryazrI ne prastAvanA likhane ke lie jina-jina vidvAnoM ke nAmoM para cintana kiyA unameM sarvAdhika sArthaka nAma zrI devendra muni jI zAstrI kA thaa| usa samaya Apa zramaNasaMgha ke kisI pada para nahIM the parantu apanI viziSTa vidvattA aura bahumukhI jJAna-pratibhA ke kAraNa samUce jaina samAja meM prasiddhi prApta the| yuvAcAryazrI ne Apase AgrahapUrvaka anurodha kiyA ki Agama samiti dvArA prakAzita hone vAle AgamoM para ApazrI prastAvanAe~ likhane kA dAyitva sviikaareN| yuvAcAryazrI ke hArdika snehAnurodha ko zrI devendra muni jI ne sAdara svIkAra kiyA aura taba prakAzita hone vAle aneka AgamoM para ApazrI ne bar3I vistRta aura jJAnavardhaka prastAvanAe~ likhiiN| kucha AgamoM kI prastAvanAe~ likhane meM to itanA vilamba bhI ho gayA ki ApazrI kI prastAvanA taiyAra hone se pUrva hI usa Agama kA prakAzana karanA par3A parantu phira bhI ApazrI ne atyanta zrama karake, gahana adhyayana anuzIlana karake prastAvanAe~ taiyAra kii| ApazrI kI ye prastAvanAe~ saMpUrNa jaina samAja meM apanA eka viziSTa sthAna banA cukI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki zrI mahAvIra vidyAlaya, mumbaI se prakAzita hone vAle prajJApanAsUtra para vidvAn manISI muni zrI jambUvijaya jI jaise sArasvata santoM ne bhI ApazrI kI prastAvanA kA hI upayoga karane kI svIkRti lI aura yaha prakAzita bhI ho cukI hai| usI prakAra anya aneka saMsthAoM ne bhI tathA vidvAnoM ne bhI AcAryazrI dvArA likhita prastAvanAoM se lAbha uThAyA hai| ___ AcAryazrI dvArA likhita prastAvanAe~ par3hakara aneka vidvAnoM, santoM va jijJAsu pAThakoM ne unheM pustakAkAra prakAzana karane kI mA~ga kii| usI ke phalasvarUpa AcArAMga Adi tIna aMgasUtroM kI bhagavatIsUtra kA tathA chedasUtroM kI prastAvanAe~ prakAzita ho cukI haiN| anya aneka AgamoM kI mahattvapUrNa prastAvanAe~ abhI bhI svataMtra pustakAkAra prakAzita hone kI pratIkSA meM hai| ___do varSa pUrva udayapura cAturmAsa meM AcAryazrI kI bhAvanA thI ki mUlasUtroM para likhI prastAvanAe~ pustakAkAra prakAzita ho sakeM to pAThakoM ke lie adhika upayogI rheNgii| usa samaya mujhe bhI ApazrI ke sAnnidhya kA lAbha milatA rahA aura maiM bhI usa kArya meM apanI zakti sAmarthya anusAra sahayoga karake saubhAgyazAlI bnii| isakA mujhe parama harSa hai|

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zramaNasaMgha ke vidvAn manISI muni zrI nemIcanda jI ma. AcArya zrI kI sAhitya yAtrA meM prAraMbha se hI viziSTa sahayogI rahe haiN| unake sahayoga se AcArya zrI zramaNasaMgha ke sabhI uttaradAyitvoM ke bIca vyasta rahate hue bhI apanI sAhitya sarjanA ko Age bar3hAte rhe| ApazrI ne ekaniSTa bhAvoM se AcAryazrI ke sAhitya meM jo amUlya yogadAna kiyA hai vaha cirasmaraNIya rhegaa| prastuta mUlasUtroM meM naMdIsUtra kI prastAvanA to AcAryazrI ke antima samaya meM hI pUrNatA kI aura bar3hI aura usakI saMzodhita pAMDulipi to AcAryazrI punaH dekha hI nahIM pAye, maiMne tathA zraddheya munizrI ne usa kArya ko sampanna karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura Aja hamArA yaha prayAsa sArthaka ho rahA hai| mujhe isakI parama prasannatA hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai, mUlasUtroM ke sambandha meM isa pustaka bahuta hI jJAnavardhaka aura aitihAsika tathya mileMge jo sabhI ke lie upayogI meM hoNge| mUlasUtroM ke viSaya meM to svayaM AcAryazrI ne hI uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI prastAvanA ke prAraMbha meM kAphI vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA hai| ataH yahA~ piSTa peSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahI / maiM punaH apane parama zraddheya AcArya bhagavaMta kI pAvana smRti ko jIvaMta karateM hue unake dvArA likhita sAhitya kA svAdhyAya karate rahane kI pAThakoM ko sadpreraNA karatI hU~ tAki unakA lekhana hama sabhI ke jJAna vikAsa meM sahAyaka bana ske| ityalam ! - sAdhvI puSpavatI zrI tAraka guru graMthAlaya, udayapura 14-4-2000

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hamAre viziSTa sahayogI | DaoN. zrI campAlAla jI desaraDA sabhI prANI jIvana jIte haiM, parantu jInA unhIM kA sArthaka hai jo apane jIvana meM paropakAra, dharmAcaraNa karate hue sabhI ke lie sukha aura maMgalakArI karttavya karate hoN| auraMgAbAda nivAsI DaoN. zrI campAlAla jI desaraDA evaM sau. prabhAdevI kA jIvana aisA hI sevAbhAvI paropakArI jIvana hai| zrIyuta campAlAla jI ke jIvana meM joza aura hoza donoM hI haiN| apane puruSArtha aura pratibhA ke bala para unhoMne vipula lakSmI bhI kamAI aura usakA jana-jana ke kalyANa hetu sadupayoga kiyA va kara rahe haiN| Apa meM dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika abhiruci hai| samAjahita evaM lokahita kI pravRttiyoM meM udAratApUrvaka dAna dete haiM, svayaM apanA samaya dekara logoM ko prerita karate haiN| apane svArtha va sukha-bhoga meM to lAkhoM loga kharca karate haiM parantu dharma evaM samAja ke hita meM kharca karane vAle virale hote haiN| Apa unhIM virale satpuruSoM meM eka haiN| Apake pUjya pitA zrI phUlacanda jI sAhaba tathA mAtezvarI harakUbAI ke dhArmika saMskAra Apake jIvana meM pallavita hue| Apa prArambha se hI medhAvI chAtra rhe| pratibhA kI tejasvitA aura dRr3ha adhyavasAya ke kAraNa dhAtuzAstra (Metallurgical Engineering) meM pI-eca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta kii| ___ ApakA pANigrahaNa pUnA nivAsI zrI motIlAla jI nAhara kI suputrI a. sau. prabhAdevI ke sAtha sampanna huaa| sau. prabhAdevI dharmaparAyaNa, sevAbhAvI mahilA haiN| jaina AgamoM meM dharmapatnI ko 'dhammasahAyA' vizeSaNa diyA hai vaha Apake jIvana meM caritArtha hotA hai| Apake jIvana meM sevA, dAna, svAdhyAya evaM sAmAyika kI caturmukhI jyoti hai| Apake suputra haiM--zrI zekhara jii| ve bhI pitA kI bhA~ti tejasvI pratibhAzAlI haiN| iMjIniyariMga parIkSA 1986 meM vizeSa yogyatA se samuttIrNa kI hai| Apane tabhI se pitA ke kArakhAnoM ke kArobAra meM niSThA se tathA atiyogyatA ke sAtha kAmakAja sa~bhAlA hai| pepara miloM ke antarrASTrIya jagat meM apane utpAdana ko labdhapratiSThita kiyA hai| zekhara jI kI dharmapatnI sau. sunItAdevI tathA suputra zrI kizora kumAra, madhura evaM utkarSa haiN| zrI zekhara jI bhI dharma evaM samAja-sevA meM bhAga lete haiM tathA udAratApUrvaka sahayoga pradAna karate haiN|

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8* zrI campAlAla jI kI do suputriyA~ haiM- sau. sapanA dugar3a nAsika aura sau. zilpA dugaDa (madrAsa) / Apa aneka sevAbhAvI sAmAjika saMsthAoM ke ucca padoM para AsIna haiN| dakSiNakesarI muni zrI mizrIlAla jI mahArAja homyopaithika meDikala kaoNleja, guru gaNezanagara tathA guru mizrI aspatAla, auraMgAbAda ke Apa sekreTarI rahe haiN| san 1988 meM zraddheya upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI mahArAja evaM AcArya zrI devendra muni jI mahArAja ahamadanagara kA varSAvAsa sampanna kara auraMgAbAda padhAre, taba ApakA AcAryazrI se samparka huA / AcAryazrI ke sAhitya ke prati ApakI vizeSa abhiruci jAgrata huii| karma - vijJAna pustaka ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke prakAzana meM ApazrI ne viziSTa anudAna pradAna kiyA hai| anya aneka prakAzanoM meM bhI ApazrI ne mukta hRdaya se anudAna pradAna kiyA hai tathA svAdhyAyopayogI sAhitya phrI vitaraNa karane meM bhI bahuta ruci rakhate haiN| ApakI bhAvanA hai, ghara-ghara meM satsAhitya kA pracAra ho, dharma evaM nIti ke sadvicAroM se pratyeka pAThaka kA jIvana mahakatA rhe| ApazrI tathA auraMgAbAda kA zrIsaMgha kaI varSoM se parama zraddheya AcArya bhagavaMta ke cAturmAsa kI vinatI kara rahe the| AcAryazrI ne vizeSa anugraha karake vi. saM. 2056 kA varSAvAsa auraMgAbAda ghoSita kiyA thA / parantu niyati ko kucha anyathA hI maMjUra thaa| maI meM hI acAnaka AcAryazrI kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| phira bhI AcAryazrI ke ziSya parivAra ne auraMgAbAda cAturmAsa kara pUjya guru bhagavaMtoM kI manobhAvanA kA sanmAna kiyaa| Apane AcAryazrI ke sAhitya prakAzana meM pUrNa niSThApUrvaka sahayoga dene kA punaH AzvAsana diyA aura usI kI saMpUrti hetu yaha 'mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana' Apake sahayoga se prakAzita ho rahI hai / hama Apake ujjvala - Anandamaya jIvana kI kAmanA karate hue isI prakAra Apake sahayoga kI AzA karate haiN| Apake vyAvasAyika pratiSThAna nimna haiM: *PARATISHTHAN ALLOY CASTINGS * PRATISHTHAN ALLOYS PVT. LTD. * PARASON MACHINERY (INDIA) PVT. LTD. * SUNMOON SLEEVES PVT. LTD. - cunnIlAla dharmAvata koSAdhyakSa zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura

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udAra sahayogI parama gurubhakta DaoN. campAlAla jI desaraDA dharmazIlA sau. prabhAdevI campAlAla jI desaraDA

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lllllllllllll llll evill XOOX TOOX llll l llll llll llll llll : eka parizIlana lllll llll llll llllllllllllllllllllllll 00 XOOX llllll llll llll llll llll llll

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kra. saM. 9. 3. adhyAya anukrama uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dazavaikAlikasUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana anuyogadvArasUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nandIsUtra eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pRSTha saM. 13 123 209 251

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- - - uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - /

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vartamAna meM upalabdha jaina Agama sAhitya ko aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda" ina cAra vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / isa vargIkaraNa kA ullekha samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM nahIM hai / tattvArthabhASya meM sarvaprathama aMga ke sAtha upAMga zabda kA prayoga AcArya umAsvAti ne kiyA hai|' usake pazcAt sukhabodhA samAcArI meM aMgabAhya ke artha meM 'upAMga' zabda kA prayoga AcArya zrIcandra ne kiyA / jisa aMga kA jo upAMga hai, usakA nirdeza 'vidhimArga-prapA' grantha meM AcArya jinaprabha ne kiyA hai / 3 mUla aura chedasUtroM kA vibhAga kisa samaya huA ? yaha sAdhikAra to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, para yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu ne uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlikaniryukti meM isa sambandha meM koI bhI carcA nahIM kI hai aura na jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne hI apanI uttarAdhyayana tathA dazavaikAlika kI cUrNiyoM meM isa sambandha meM kiMcinmAtra bhI cintana kiyA hai / na AcArya haribhadra ne dazavaikAlika vRtti meM aura na zAntyAcArya ne uttarAdhyayana vRtti meM mUlasUtra ke sambandha meM carcA kI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka 'mUlasUtra' isa prakAra kA vibhAga nahIM huA thaa| yadi vibhAga huA hotA to niryukti, cUrNi aura vRtti meM avazya hI nirdeza hotA / mUlasUtra : kyoM aura kitane ? 'zrAvaka vidhi' grantha ke lekhaka dhanapAla ne, jinakA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI hai, 45 AgamoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vicArasAraprakaraNa ke lekhaka pradyumnasUra ne bhI 45 AgamoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jinakA samaya terahavIM zatAbdI hai| unhoMne bhI mUlasUtra ke rUpa meM vibhAga nahIM kiyA hai| AcArya zrI prabhAcandra ne 'prabhAvaka caritra' meM sarvaprathama aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda, yaha vibhAga kiyA hai|" usake bAda upAdhyAya samayasundara jI ne 'samAcArI - zataka' meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai|" sArAMza yaha hai ki 'mUlasUta' vibhAga kI sthApanA terahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM huI aisA pratIta hotA hai|

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* 14 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika prabhRti AgamoM ko mUlasUtra abhidhA kyoM dI gaI ? isa sambandha meM vibhinna manISiyoM ne vibhinna kalpanAe~ kI haiN| prophesara viNTaranItja kA abhimata hai-ina AgamoM para aneka TIkAe~ haiN| inase mUla grantha kA pRthakkaraNa karane ke lie inheM mUlasUtra kahA hai| parantu unakA yaha kathana ucita nahIM hai, na unakA tarka hI vajanadAra hai, kyoMki unhoMne mUlasUtra kI sUcI meM piNDaniyukti ko bhI mAnA hai, jabaki usa para aneka TIkAe~ nahIM haiN| ___ DaoN. sArapeNTiyara, DaoN. gyArIno aura prophesara paTavardhanadeg prabhRti vidvAnoM kA yaha abhimata hai-ina AgamoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM kA saMgraha hai isalie inheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| kintu unakA bhI kathana yuktiyukta nahIM hai| kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM ke kAraNa hI kisI Agama ko mUlasUtra mAnA jAya to sarvaprathama AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ko mUlasUtra mAnanA caahie| kyoMki pAzcAtya vicAraka DaoN. harmana jaikobI Adi ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM kA sabase prAcIna saMkalana AcArAMga meM hai| hamAre apane abhimatAnusAra jina AgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNa ke AcAra-sambandhI mUlaguNa, mahAvrata, samiti, gupti Adi kA nirUpaNa hai aura jo zramaNa-jIvanacaryA meM mUla rUpa se sahAyaka banate haiM, jina AgamoM kA adhyayana zramaNa ke lie sarvaprathama apekSita hai, unheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| hamAre isa kathana kA samarthana isa bAta se hotA hai ki pahale AgamoM kA adhyayana AcArAMga se prArambha hotA thaa| jaba AcArya zayyambhava ne dazavaikAlikasUtra kA nirmANa kiyA to sarvaprathama dazavaikAlika kA adhyayana karAyA jAne lagA aura usake bAda uttarAdhyayanasUtra par3hAyA jAne lgaa|11 pahale AcArAMga ke 'zastra-parijJA' prathama adhyayana se zaikSa kI upasthApanA kI jAtI thii| para jaba dazavaikAlika kI racanA ho gaI to usake bAda usake caturtha adhyayana se upasthApanA kI jAne lgii|2 mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM bhI aikamatya nahIM hai| samayasundaragaNI ne (1) dazavaikAlika, (2) oghaniyukti, (3) piNDaniyukti, tathA (4) uttarAdhyayana, ye cAra mUlasUtra mAne haiN| bhAvaprabhasUri ne (1) uttarAdhyayana, (2) Avazyaka, (3) piNDaniyukti-oghaniyukti, tathA (4) dazavaikAlika, ye cAra mUlasUtra mAne haiN| prophesara vebara, prophesara bUlara ne (1) uttarAdhyayana, (2) Avazyaka, tathA (3) dazavaikAlika, ina tInoM ko mUlasUtra kahA hai| DaoN. sArapeNTiyara,

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 15 DaoN. viNTaranItja aura DaoN. gyArIno ne (1) uttarAdhyayana, (2) Avazyaka, (3) dazavaikAlika, tathA (4) piNDaniryukti ko mUlasUtra kI saMjJA dI hai| DaoN. subriMga ne (1) uttarAdhyayana, (2) dazavaikAlika, (3) Avazyaka, (4) piNDaniryukti, tathA (5) oghaniryukti, ina pA~coM ko mUlasUtra batAyA hai / 15 sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparA uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandI aura anuyogadvArasUtra ko mUlasUtra mAnatI haiN| zruta-puruSa kI kalpanA mUlasUtra vibhAga kI kalpanA kA AdhAra zruta- puruSa bhI ho sakatA hai sarvaprathama jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne zruta-puruSa kI kalpanA kI hai / 16 zruta-puruSa ke zarIra meM bAraha aMga haiM, jaise- pratyeka puruSa ke zarIra meM do paira, do jaMghAyeM, do uru, do gAlArdha (peTa aura pITha), do bhujAe~, grIvA aura sira hote haiM, vaise hI Agama sAhitya ke bAraha aMga haiM / aMgabAhya zruta - puruSa ke upAMga sthAnIya haiM / prastuta parikalpanA aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya, ina do Agamika vargoM ke AdhAra para huI hai| isa vargIkaraNa meM mUla aura cheda ko sthAna prApta nahIM hai / AcArya haribhadra, jinakA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI hai aura AcArya malayagiri, jinakA samaya vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI hai, unhoMne bhI nandIsUta kI apanI vRttiyoM meM aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ko hI sthAna diyA hai| AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara ke Adarza ko lekara hI ve cale haiN| aMgapraviSTa zruta kI sthApanA isa prakAra hai 1. dAyA~ paira 2. bAyA~ paira 3. dAyIM jaMghA 4. bAyIM jaMghA 5. dAyA~ uru 6. bAyA~ uru 7. udara 8. pITha 9. dAyIM bhujA = AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga sthAnAMga samavAyAMga bhagavatI jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazA antakRddazA anuttaraupapAtikadazA

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*16 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana - . - . - . - . - . - . - . aMga 10. bAyIM bhujA = praznavyAkaraNa 11. grIvA = vipAka 12. zira = dRSTivAda prastuta sthApanA meM AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ko mUla sthAnIya arthAt caraNa sthAnIya mAnA hai| dUsare rUpa meM bhI zruta-puruSa kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| usa rekhAMkana meM Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, piNDaniyukti aura uttarAdhyayana, ina cAroM ko mUla sthAnIya mAnA hai| prAcIna jJAna bhaNDAroM meM zruta-puruSa ke aneka citra prApta haiN| dvAdaza upAMgoM kI racanA hone ke bAda zruta-puruSa ke pratyeka aMga ke sAtha eka-eka upAMga kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| kyoMki aMgoM ke artha ko spaSTa karane vAlA upAMga hai| kisa aMga kA kauna-sA upAMga hai, vaha isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai upAMga AcArAMga aupapAtika sUtrakRta rAjapraznIya sthAnAMga jIvAbhigama samavAya prajJApanA bhagavatI jambUdvIpaprajJapti jJAtAdharmakathA sUryaprajJapti upAsakadazA candraprajJapti antakRddazA nirayAvaliyA-kalpikA anuttaraupapAtikadazA kalpAvataMsikA praznavyAkaraNa vipAka puSpacUlikA dRSTivAda vRSNidazA jisa samaya paiMtAlIsa AgamoM kI saMkhyA sthira ho gaI, usa samaya zruta-puruSa kI jo AkRti banAI gaI hai, usameM dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana ko mUla sthAna para rakhA gayA hai| para yaha zruta-puruSa kI AkRti kA rekhAMkana bahuta hI puSpikA

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 17 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.bAda meM huA hai| yaha bhI adhika sambhava hai ki uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika ko mUlasUtra mAnane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI rahA ho| ___ jaina Agama sAhitya meM uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| cAhe zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArya rahe hoM, cAhe digambara paramparA ke, unhoMne uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika kA punaH-punaH ullekha kiyA hai| kaSAyapAhuDa kI jayadhavalA TIkA meM tathA gommaTasAra2deg meM kramazaH guNadhara AcArya ne aura siddhAnta cakravartI nemicandra ne aMgabAhya ke caudaha prakAra batAye haiN| unameM sAtavA~ dazavaikAlika hai aura AThavA~ uttarAdhyayana hai| nandIsUtra meM AcArya devavAcaka ne aMgabAhya zruta ke do vibhAga kiye haiN| unameM eka kAlika aura dUsarA utkAlika hai| kAlika sUtroM kI parigaNanA meM uttarAdhyayana kA prathama sthAna hai aura utkAlika sUtroM kI parigaNanA meM dazavaikAlika kA prathama sthAna hai| sAmAnya rUpa se mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA cAra hai| mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM vijJoM ke vibhinna mata hama pUrva batA cuke haiN| cAhe saMkhyA ke sambandha meM kitane hI matabheda hoM, para sabhI manISiyoM ne uttarAdhyayana ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI zabda-mImAMsA 'uttarAdhyayana' meM do zabda haiM-uttara aura adhyyn| samavAyAMga meM 'chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNAI' yaha vAkya milatA hai| prastuta vAkya meM uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayanoM kA pratipAdana nahIM kintu chattIsa uttara adhyayana pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| nandIsUtra meM bhI 'uttarajjhayaNANi' yaha bahuvacanAtmaka nAma prApta hai| uttarAdhyayana ke antima adhyayana kI antima gAthA meM 'chattIsaM uttarajjhAe' isa prakAra bahuvacanAtmaka nAma milatA hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM bhI uttarAdhyayana kA nAma bahuvacana meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai|5 uttarAdhyayanacUrNi meM chattIsa uttarAdhyayanoM kA eka zrutaskaMdha mAnA hai|6 tathApi usakA nAma cUrNikAra ne bahuvacanAtmaka mAnA hai| bahuvacanAtmaka nAma se yaha vidita hai ki uttarAdhyayana adhyayanoM kA eka yoga mAtra hai| yaha ekakartRka eka grantha nahIM hai| 'uttara' zabda pUrva kI apekSA se hai| jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne ina adhyayanoM kI tIna prakAra se yojanA kI hai

Page #23
* 18 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana (1) sa-uttara -pahalA adhyayana (2) niruttara -chattIsavA~ adhyayana (3) sa-uttara-niruttara -bIca ke sAre adhyayana parantu uttara zabda kI prastuta artha-yojanA jinadAsagaNI mahattara kI dRSTi se adhikRta nahIM hai|27 ve niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke dvArA jo artha diyA gayA hai, use prAmANika mAnate haiN| niyukti kI dRSTi se yaha adhyayana AcArAMga ke uttarakAla meM par3he jAte the, isIlie isa Agama ko 'uttara adhyayana' kahA hai|8 uttarAdhyayanacUrNi va uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti meM bhI prastuta kathana kA samarthana hai| zrutakevalI AcArya zayyambhava ke pazcAt yaha adhyayana dazavaikAlika ke uttarakAla meM par3he jAne lge|29 ataH ye uttara adhyayana hI bane rahe haiN| prastuta uttara zabda kI vyAkhyA tarkasaMgata hai| digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM uttara zabda kI vividha dRSTiyoM se paribhASAe~ prApta hotI haiN| AcArya vIrasena ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalAvRtti meM likhAuttarAdhyayana uttara padoM kA varNana karatA hai| yaha uttara zabda samAdhAna kA pratIka hai|20 aMgapannatti meM AcArya zubhacandra ne uttara zabda ke do artha kiye haiM-27 (1) uttarakAla-kisI grantha ke pazcAt par3he jAne vAle adhyayana, (2) uttara-praznoM kA uttara dene vAle adhyyn| ina arthoM meM uttara aura adhyayanoM ke sambandha meM satya-tathya kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM 4, 16, 23, 25 aura 29vA~-ye adhyayana praznottara zailI meM likhe gaye haiN| kucha anya adhyayanoM meM bhI AMzika rUpa se kucha praznottara Aye haiN| prastuta dRSTi se uttara kA 'samAdhAna' sUcaka artha saMgata hone para bhI sabhI adhyayanoM meM vaha pUrNa rUpa se ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| uttaravAcI artha saMgata hone ke sAtha hI pUrNa rUpa se vyApta bhI hai| isalie uttara kA mukhya artha yahI ucita pratIta hotA hai| ___ adhyayana kA artha par3hanA hai| kintu yahA~ para adhyayana zabda adhyAya ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai| niyukti aura cUrNi meM adhyayana kA vizeSa artha bhI diyA hai|32 para adhyayana se unakA tAtparya pariccheda se hai| uttarAdhyayana kI racanAe~ uttarAdhyayana kI racanA ke sambandha meM niyukti, cUrNi tathA anya manISI eka mata nahIM haiN| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana eka vyakti kI racanA

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 19 * -.-.-. nahIM hai| unakI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana kartRtva kI dRSTi se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) aMgaprabhava, (2) jinabhASita, (3) pratyekabuddhabhASita, (4) sNvaadsmutthit|33 uttarAdhyayana kA dvitIya adhyayana aMgaprabhava hai| vaha karmapravAdapUrva ke sattarahaveM prAbhRta se uddhRta hai|34 dasavA~ adhyayana jinabhASita hai|35 AThavA~ adhyaya pratyekabuddhabhASita hai|36 nauvA~ aura teIsavA~ adhyayana saMvAdasamutthita hai|37 uttarAdhyayana ke mUla pATha para dhyAna dene se usake kartRtva ke sambandha meM abhinava cintana kiyA jA sakatA hai| dvitIya adhyayana ke prArambha meM yaha vAkya AyA hai- "suyaM me AusaM ! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-iha khalu bAvIsaM parIsahA samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM kAsaveNaM pveiyaa|" solahaveM adhyayana ke prArambha meM yaha vAkya upalabdha hai- "suyaM me Ausa ! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-iha khalu therehiM bhagavaMtehiM dasa baMbhacerasamAhiThANA pnnnnttaa|" unatIsaveM adhyayana ke prArambha meM yaha vAkya prApta hai-"suyaM me AusaM ! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM-iha khalu sammattaparikkame nAma'jjhayaNe samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM kAsaveNaM pveie|" uparyukta vAkyoM se yaha spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki dUsarA tathA unatIsavA~ adhyayana zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA prarUpita hai aura solahavA~ adhyayana sthaviroM ke dvArA racita hai| niyuktikAra ne dvitIya adhyayana ko karmapravAdapUrva se nirUr3ha mAnA hai| jaba hama gaharAI se isa viSaya meM cintana karate haiM to sUrya ke prakAza kI bhA~ti spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki niyuktikAra ne uttarAdhyayana ko kartatva kI dRSTi se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara usa para prakAza DAlanA cAhA, para usase usake kartRtva para prakAza nahIM par3atA, kintu viSaya-vastu para prakAza par3atA hai| dasaveM adhyayana meM jo viSaya-vastu hai, vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita hai, kintu unake dvArA racita nhiiN| kyoMki prastuta adhyayana kI antima gAthA "buddhassa nisamma bhAsiyaM" se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai| isI prakAra dUsare va unatIsaveM adhyayana ke prArambhika vAkyoM se bhI yaha tathya ujAgara hotA hai| chaThe adhyayana kI antima gAthA hai-anuttara jJAnI, anuttara darzI, anuttara jJAna-darzana ke dhAraka, arihanta, jJAtaputra, bhagavAna vaizAlika mahAvIra ne aisA kahA hai|38 vaizAlika kA artha bhagavAna mahAvIra hai|

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* 20 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana pratyekabuddhabhASita adhyayana bhI pratyekabuddha dvArA hI race gaye hoM, yaha bAta nahIM hai| kyoMki AThaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA meM yaha batAyA hai ki vizuddha prajJA vAle kapila muni ne isa prakAra dharma kahA hai| jo isakI samyak ArAdhanA kareMge, ve saMsAra-samudra ko pAra kreNge| unake dvArA hI donoM loka ArAdhita hoNge|39 yadi prastuta adhyayana kapila ke dvArA viracita hotA to ve isa prakAra kaise kahate? saMvAda-samutthita adhyayana nauveM aura teIsaveM adhyayanoM kA avalokana karane para yaha parijJAta hotA hai ki ve adhyayana nami rAjarSi aura kezI-gautama dvArA viracita nahIM haiN| nauveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA hai-saMbuddha, paNDita, pravicakSaNa puruSa kAmabhogoM se usI prakAra nivRtta hote haiM jaise nami raajrssi|40 teIsaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA hai-samagra sabhA dharmacarcA se parama saMtuSTa huI, ataH sanmArga meM samupasthita usane bhagavAna kezI aura gaNadhara gautama kI stuti kI ki ve donoM prasanna rheN|41 uparyukta carcA kA sArAMza yaha hai ki niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne uttarAdhyayana ko kartRtva kI dRSTi se cAra vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra, kapila, nami aura kezI-gautama ke upadeza tathA saMvAdoM ko AdhAra banAkara ina adhyayanoM kI racanA huI hai| ina adhyayanoM ke racayitA kauna haiM aura unhoMne ina adhyayanoM kI racanA kaba kI? ina praznoM kA uttara na niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne diyA, na cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne diyA hai aura na bRhavRttikAra zAntyAcArya ne hI diyA hai| ____ Adhunika anusaMdhAnakartA vijJoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki vartamAna meM jo uttarAdhyayana upalabdha hai, vaha kisI eka vyakti vizeSa kI racanA nahIM hai, kintu aneka sthavira muniyoM kI racanAoM kA saMkalana hai| uttarAdhyayana ke kitane hI adhyayana bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita haiM to kitane hI adhyayana sthaviroM ke dvArA saMkalita haiN|42 isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharmopadeza nahIM hai| usameM vItarAga vANI kA apUrva teja kabhI chipa nahIM sktaa| krUra kAla kI kAlI A~dhI bhI use dhuMdhalA nahIM kara sktii| vaha Aja bhI pradIpta hai aura sAdhakoM ke antarjIvana ko ujAgara karatA hai| Aja bhI hajAroM bhavyAtmA usa pAvana upadeza ko dhAraNa kara apane jIvana ko pAvana banA rahe haiN| yaha pUrNa rUpa se nizcita hai ki devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa taka uttarAdhyayana ___

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *21 * chattIsa adhyayanoM ke rUpa meM saMkalita ho cukA thaa| samavAyAMgasUtra meM chattIsa uttara adhyayanoM ke nAma ullikhita haiN| viSaya vargIkaraNa viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana dharmakathAtmaka, upadezAtmaka, AcArAtmaka aura saiddhAntika, ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiye jA sakate haiN| jaise (1) dharmakathAtmaka-7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25 aura 27 (2) upadezAtmaka-1, 3, 4, 5, 6 aura 10 (3) AcArAtmaka-2, 11, 15, 16, 17, 24, 26, 32 aura 35 (4) saiddhAntika-28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34 aura 36 vikrama kI prathama zatI meM AryarakSita ne AgamoM ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyaa| usameM uttarAdhyayana ko dharmakathAnuyoga ke antargata ginA hai|43 uttarAdhyayana meM dharmakathAnuyoga kI pradhAnatA hone se jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne use dharmakathAnuyoga mAnA hai,44 para AcArAtmaka adhyayanoM ko caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM aura saiddhAntika adhyayanoM ko dravyAnuyoga meM sahaja rUpa se le sakate haiN| uttarAdhyayana kA jo vartamAna rUpa hai, usameM aneka anuyoga mile hue haiN| kitane hI vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki kalpasUtra ke anusAra uttarAdhyayana kI prarUpaNA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane nirvANa se pUrva pAvApurI meM kI thii| isase yaha siddha hai ki bhagavAna ke dvArA yaha prarUpita hai, isalie isakI parigaNanA aMga-sAhitya meM honI caahie| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI antima gAthA ko kitane hI TIkAkAra isI Azaya ko vyakta karane vAlI mAnate haiM"uttarAdhyayana kA kathana karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra parinirvANa ko prApta hue|" yaha prazna kAphI gambhIra hai| isakA sahaja rUpa se samAdhAna honA kaThina hai| tathApi itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke kitane hI adhyayanoM kI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prarUpaNA kI thI aura kitane hI adhyayana bAda meM sthaviroM ke dvArA saMkalita hue| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM-kezI-gautamIya adhyayana meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA atyanta zraddhA ke sAtha ullekha huA hai| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra apane hI mukhAravinda se apanI prazaMsA kaise karate? unatIsaveM

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* 22 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana adhyayana meM praznottara zailI hai, jo parinirvANa ke samaya sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki kalpasUtra meM uttarAdhyayana ko apRSTha vyAkaraNa arthAt binA kisI ke pUche kathana kiyA huA zAstra kahA hai| kitane hI Adhunika cintakoM kA yaha bhI abhimata hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke pahale ke aThAraha adhyayana prAcIna haiM aura usake bAda ke aThAraha adhyayana arvAcIna haiN| kintu apane mantavya ko siddha karane ke lie unhoMne pramANa nahIM diye haiN| kitane hI vidvAna yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki aThAraha adhyayana to arvAcIna nahIM haiN| hA~, unameM se kucha arvAcIna ho sakate haiN| jaise-ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi prAcIna nAmoM ke sAtha dazAzrutaskaMdha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha-jaise arvAcIna AgamoM ke nAma bhI milate haiN|46 jo zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA nirdRr3ha yA kRta haiN|47 bhadrabAhu kA samaya vIra nirvANa kI dUsarI zatI hai, isalie prastuta adhyayana kI racanA bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt honI caahie| antakRddazA Adi prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke caudaha pUrva, gyAraha aMga yA bAraha aMgoM ke adhyayana kA varNana milatA hai|48 aMgabAhya yA prakIrNaka sUtra ke adhyayana kA varNana upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kintu uttarAdhyayana ke aTThAIsaveM adhyayana meM aMga aura aMgabAhya, ina do prAcIna vibhAgoM ke atirikta gyAraha aMga, prakIrNaka aura dRSTivAda kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai|49 ataH prastuta adhyayana bhI uttarakAlIna Agama-vyavasthA kI saMracanA honI caahie| __ dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki aTThAIsaveM adhyayana meM dravya,50 guNa,51 paryAya52 kI jo saMkSipta paribhASAe~ dI gaI haiM, vaisI paribhASAe~ prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| vahA~ para vivaraNAtmaka artha kI pradhAnatA hai, ataH yaha adhyayana arvAcIna pratIta hotA hai| digambara sAhitya meM uttarAdhyayana kI viSaya-vastu kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai vaha isa prakAra hai dhavalA meM likhA hai-uttarAdhyayana meM udgama, utpAdana aura eSaNA se sambandhita doSoM ke prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna hai53 aura uttarAdhyayana uttarapadoM kA varNana karatA hai|54

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 23 * aMgapaNNattI meM varNana hai ki bAIsa parISahoM aura cAra prakAra ke upasargoM ke sahana kA vidhAna, usakA phala tathA praznoM kA uttara; yaha uttarAdhyayana kA pratipAdya viSaya hai|55 harivaMzapurANa meM AcArya jinasena ne likhA hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM vIra nirvANa gamana kA varNana hai|56 digambara sAhitya meM jo uttarAdhyayana kI viSaya-vastu kA nirdeza hai, vaha varNana vartamAna meM upalabdha uttarAdhyayana meM nahIM hai| AMzika rUpa se aMgapaNNattI kA viSaya milatA hai, jaise-(1) bAIsa parISahoM ke sahana karane kA varNana-dUsare adhyayana meM, tathA (2) praznoM ke uttara-unatIsaveM adhyayana meN| prAyazcitta kA vidhAna aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA varNana uttarAdhyayana meM prApta nahIM hai| yaha ho sakatA hai ki unheM uttarAdhyayana kA anya koI saMskaraNa prApta rahA ho| tattvArtharAjavArtika meM uttarAdhyayana ko ArAtIya AcAryoM (gaNadharoM ke pazcAt ke AcAryoM) kI racanA mAnA hai|57 samavAyAMga58 aura uttarAdhyayananiyukti59 Adi meM uttarAdhyayana kI jo viSaya sUcI dI gaI hai, vaha uttarAdhyayana meM jyoM kI tyoM prApta hotI hai| ataH yaha asaMdigdha rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana kI viSaya-vastu prAcIna hai| vIra nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI meM dazavaikAlikasUtra kI racanA ho cukI thii| uttarAdhyayana dazavaikAlika ke pahale kI racanA hai, vaha AcArAMga ke pazcAt par3hA jAtA thA, ataH isakI saMkalanA vIra nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM hI ho cukI thii| kyA uttarAdhyayana bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antima vANI hai ? aba prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki kyA uttarAdhyayana zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antima vANI hai ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI ne kalpasUtra meM likhA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kalyANaphalavipAka vAle pacapana adhyayanoM aura pApaphala vAle pacapana adhyayanoM evaM chattIsa apRSTa vyAkaraNoM kA vyAkaraNa kara pradhAna nAmaka adhyayana kA prarUpaNa karate-karate siddha, buddha aura mukta ho gye|60 isI AdhAra se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki chattIsa apRSTa vyAkaraNa uttarAdhyayana ke hI chattIsa adhyayana haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA se bhI prastuta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai

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* 24 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana "ii pAukare buddhe, nAyae prinibue| chattIsaM uttarajjhAe, bhvsiddhiiysNme||" jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne isa gAthA kA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai-jJAtakula meM utpanna varddhamAna svAmI chattIsa uttarAdhyayanoM kA prakAzana yA prajJApana kara parinirvANa ko prApta hue|61 zAntyAcArya ne apanI bRhadvRtti meM uttarAdhyayanacUrNi kA anusaraNa karake bhI apanI ora se do bAteM aura milAI haiN| pahalI bAta yaha ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana artha-rUpa meM aura kucha adhyayana sUtra-rUpa meM prarUpita kiye|62 dUsarI bAta unhoMne parinivRtta kA vaikalpika artha svasthIbhUta kiyA hai|63 niyukti meM ina adhyayanoM ko jina-prajJapta likhA hai|64 bRhavRtti meM jina zabda kA artha zrutajina-zrutakevalI kiyA hai|65 niyuktikAra kA abhimata hai ki chattIsa adhyayana zrutakevalI prabhRti sthaviroM dvArA prarUpita haiN| unhoMne niyukti meM isa sambandha meM koI carcA nahIM kI hai ki yaha bhagavAna ne antima dezanA ke rUpa meM kahA hai| bRhadvRttikAra bhI isa sambandha meM saMdigdha haiN| kevala cUrNikAra ne apanA spaSTa mantavya vyakta kiyA hai| __ samavAyAMga meM chattIsa apRSTa-vyAkaraNoM kA koI bhI ullekha nahIM hai| vahA~ itanA hI sUcana hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra antima rAtri ke samaya pacapana kalyANaphalavipAka vAle adhyayanoM tathA pacapana pApaphalavipAka vAle adhyayanoM kA vyAkaraNa kara parinivRtta hue|66 chattIsaveM samavAya meM bhI jahA~ para uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayanoM kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai, vahA~ para bhI isa sambandha meM koI carcA nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana ke aThArahaveM adhyayana kI caubIsavIM gAthA ke prathama do caraNa ve hI haiM jo chattIsaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA ke haiN| dekhie "ii pAukare buddhe, nAyae prinibudde| vijjAcaraNasampanne, sacce sccprkkme||" -uttarAdhyayana 18/24 "ii pAukare buddhe, nAyae prinibbue| chattIsaM uttarajjhAe, bhavasiddhIya sNme|| __-vahI 36/269 bRhadvRttikAra ne aThArahaveM adhyayana kI caubIsavIM gAthA ke pUrvArddha kA jo artha kiyA hai, vahI artha chattIsaveM adhyayana kI antima gAthA kA kiyA jAya

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 25 to usase yaha phalita nahIM hotA ki jJAtaputra mahAvIra chattIsa adhyayanoM kA prajJApana kara parinirvANa ko prApta hue| vahA~ para artha hai- buddha - avagatatattva, parinirvRtta-zItIbhUta jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne isa tattva kA prajJApana kiyA hai / 67 uttarAdhyayana kA gaharAI se adhyayana karane para yaha spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA saMgumphana samyak prakAra se huA hai| yaha zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA Agama hai| isameM jIva, ajIva, karmavAda, SaTdravya, navatattva, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI paramparA prabhRti sabhI viSayoM kA samucita rUpa se pratipAdana huA hai| kevala dharmakathAnuyoga kA hI nahIM, apitu cAroM anuyogoM kA madhura saMgama huA hai| ataH yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA Agama hai| isameM vItarAga vANI kA vimala pravAha pravAhita hai| isake artha ke prarUpaka bhagavAna mahAvIra haiM kintu sUtra ke racayitA sthavira hone se ise aMgabAhya AgamoM meM rakhA hai| uttarAdhyayana zabdataH bhagavAna mahAvIra kI antima dezanA hI hai, yaha sAdhikAra to nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki kalpasUtra meM uttarAdhyayana ko apRSTavyAkaraNa arthAt binA kisI ke pUche svataH kathana kiyA huA zAstra batAyA hai, kintu vartamAna ke uttarAdhyayana meM Aye hue kezI - gautamIya, adhyayana jo praznottara zailI meM haiM, ve cintakoM ko cintana ke lie avazya hI prerita karate haiM / kezI - gautamIya adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jisa bhakti aura zraddhA ke sAtha gauravapUrNa ullekha hai, vaha bhagavAna svayaM apane lie kisa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ? ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM kucha aMza sthaviroM ne apanI ora se saMkalita kiyA ho aura una prAcIna aura arvAcIna adhyayanoM ko vIra nirvANa kI eka sahasrAbdI ke pazcAt devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne saMkalana kara use eka rUpa diyA ho / 68 samyaktva-parAkrama vinaya : eka vizleSaNa prastuta Agama viSaya-vivecana kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| sUtra kA prArambha hotA hai-vinaya se / vinaya ahaMkArazUnyatA hai / ahaMkAra kI upasthiti meM vinaya kevala aupacArika hotA hai| 'vAyajIda' eka sUphI santa the / unake pAsa eka vyakti aayaa| usane namaskAra kara nivedana kiyA ki "kucha jijJAsAe~ haiN|" vAyajIda ne kahA-"pahale jhuko !" usa vyakti ne kahA - " maiMne namaskAra kiyA hai, kyA Apane nahIM dekhA ?" vA yajIda ne muskarAte hue kahA- "maiM zarIra ko

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* 26 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-. jhukAne kI bAta nahIM khtaa| tumhArA ahaMkAra jhukA hai yA nahIM? use jhukAo!" vinaya aura ahaMkAra meM kahIM bhI tAlamela nahIM hai| ahaM ke zUnya hone se hI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika vinaya pratiphalita hogaa| vyakti kA rUpAntara hogaa| kaI bAra vyakti bAhya rUpa se namra dikhatA hai, kintu andara ahaM se akar3A rahatA hai| binA ahaMkAra ko jIte vyakti vinamra nahIM ho sktaa| vinaya kA sahI artha hai-apane Apako ahaM se mukta kara denaa| jaba ahaM naSTa hotA hai, taba vyakti guru ke anuzAsana ko sunatA hai aura jo guru kahate haiM, use svIkAra karatA hai| unake vacanoM kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| apane mana ko Agraha se mukta karatA hai| vinIta ziSya ko yaha paribodha hotA hai ki kisa prakAra bolanA, kisa prakAra baiThanA, kisa prakAra khar3e honA cAhie? vaha pratyeka bAta para gaharAI se cintana karatA hai| Aja jana-jIvana meM azAnti aura anuzAsanahInatA ke kAle-kajarAle bAdala umar3a-ghumar3akara ma~DarA rahe haiN| usakA mUla kAraNa jIvana ke USAkAla se hI vyakti meM vinaya kA abhAva hotA jAnA hai aura yahI abhAva pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya jIvana meM zaitAna kI A~ta kI taraha bar3ha rahA hai, jisase na parivAra sukhI hai, na samAja sukhI hai aura na rASTra ke adhinAyaka hI zAnti meM haiN| prathama adhyayana meM zAnti kA mUla mantra vinaya ko pratipAdita karate hue usakI mahimA aura garimA ke sambandha meM vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| __ prathama adhyayana meM vinaya kA vizleSaNa karate hue jo gAthAe~ dI gaI haiM, unakI tulanA mahAbhArata, dhammapada aura theragAthA meM Aye hue padyoM ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| dekhie "nApuTTho vAgare kiMci, puTTho vA nAliyaM ve| kohaM asaccaM kubvejjA, dhArejA, piymppiyN||' -uttarAdhyayana 1/14 tulanA kIjie "nApRSTaH kasyacid brUyAt, nApyanyAyena pRcchtH| jJAnavAnapi medhAvI, jaDavat smupaavishet||" -zAntiparva 287/35 "appA ceva dameyaco, appA hu khalu duddmo| appA danto suhI hoi, assiM loe parattha y||" --uttarAdhyayana 1/15 tulanA kIjie "attAnaje tathA kayirA, yathaJcamanusAsati (?) / sudanto vata dammetha, attA hi kira duddmo||" -dhammapada 12/3

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 27* "paDiNIyaM ca buddhANaM, vAyA aduva kmmunnaa| AvI vA jai vA rahasse, neva kuJA kayAi vi||" -uttarAdhyayana 1/17 tulanA kIjie "mA kAsi pApakaM kammaM, Avi vA yadi vA rho| sace ca pApakaM kamma, karissasi karosi vaa||" -theragAthA 247 parISaha : eka cintana dvitIya adhyayana meM pariSaha-jaya ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| saMyamasAdhanA ke patha para kadama bar3hAte samaya vividha prakAra ke kaSTa Ate haiM, para sAdhaka una kaSToM se ghabarAtA nahIM hai| vaha to usa jharane kI taraha hai, jo vajra caTTAnoM ko cIrakara Age bar3hatA hai| na usake mArga ko patthara roka pAte haiM aura na gahare garta hii| vaha to apane lakSya kI ora nirantara bar3hatA rahatA hai| pIche lauTanA usake jIvana kA lakSya nahIM hotaa| svIkata mArga se cyata na hone ke lie tathA nirjarA ke lie jo kucha sahA jAtA hai, vaha 'parISaha' hai|69 parISaha ke artha meM upasarga zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| parISaha kA artha kevala zarIra, indriya, mana ko hI kaSTa denA nahIM hai, apitu ahiMsA Adi dharmoM kI ArAdhanA va sAdhanA ke lie susthira banAnA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai-sukha se bhAvita jJAna duHkha utpanna hone para naSTa ho jAtA hai, isalie yogI ko yathAzakti apane Apako duHkha se bhAvita karanA caahie| jamIna meM vapana kiyA huA bIja tabhI aMkurita hotA hai, jaba use jala kI zItalatA ke sAtha sUrya kI USmA prApta ho, vaise hI sAdhanA kI saphalatA ke lie anukUlatA kI zItalatA ke sAtha pratikUlatA kI USmA bhI Avazyaka hai| parISaha sAdhaka ke lie bAdhaka nahIM, apitu usakI pragati kA hI kAraNa hai| uttarAdhyayana,70 samavAyAMga71 aura tattvArthasUtra72 meM parISaha kI saMkhyA bAIsa batAI hai| kintu saMkhyA kI dRSTi samAna hone para bhI krama kI dRSTi se kucha antara hai| samavAyAMga meM parISaha ke bAIsa bheda isa prakAra milate haiM1. kSudhA 2. pipAsA 3. zIta 4. uSNa 5. daMza-mazaka 6. acela 7. arati 8. strI

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* 28 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana - . - . 9. caryA 10. niSadyA 11. zayyA 12. Akroza 13. vadha 14. yAcanA 15. alAbha 16. roga 17. tRNasparza 18. jalla 19. satkAra-puraskAra 20. jJAna 21. darzana 22. prajJA uttarAdhyayana meM unnIsa parISahoM ke nAma va krama vahI haiM, kintu 20, 21 va 22 ke nAma meM antara hai| uttarAdhyayana meM (20) prajJA, (21) ajJAna, aura (22) darzana hai| navAMgI TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadeva73 ne 'ajJAna' parISaha kA kvacit zruti ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| AcArya umAsvAti74 ne 'acela' parISaha ke sthAna para 'nAgnya' parISaha likhA hai aura 'darzana' parISaha ke sthAna para 'adarzana' parISaha likhA hai| AcArya nemicandra75 ne 'darzana' parISaha ke sthAna para 'samyaktva' parISaha mAnA hai| darzana aura samyaktva ina donoM meM kevala zabda kA antara hai, bhAva kA nhiiN| parISahoM kI utpatti kA kAraNa jJAnAvaraNIya, antarAya, mohanIya aura vedanIya karma haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karma prajJA aura ajJAna parISahoM kA, antarAya karma alAbha parISaha kA, darzanamohanIya adarzana parISaha kA aura cAritramohanIya acela, arati, strI, niSadyA, Akroza, yAcanA, satkAra, ina sAta parISahoM kA kAraNa hai| vedanIya karma kSudhA, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, caryA, zayyA, vadha, roga, tRNasparza aura jalla, ina gyAraha parISahoM kA kAraNa hai|76 ___ adhikArI-bheda kI dRSTi se jisameM samparAya arthAt lobha-kaSAya kI mAtrA kama ho, usa dasaveM sUkSma samparAya77 meM tathA gyArahaveM upazAntamoha aura bArahaveM kSINamoha guNasthAna meM (1) kSudhA, (2) pipAsA, (3) zIta, (4) uSNa, (5) daMza-mazaka, (6) caryA, (7) prajJA, (8) ajJAna, (9) alAbha, (10) zayyA, (11) vadha, (12) roga, (13) tRNasparza, aura (14) jalla, ye caudaha parISaha hI sambhava haiN| zeSa mohajanya ATha parISaha vahA~ mohodaya kA

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 29 abhAva hone se nahIM haiN| dasaveM guNasthAna meM atyalpa moha rahatA hai / isalie prastuta guNasthAna meM bhI mohajanya ATha parISaha sambhava na hone se kevala caudaha hote haiN| terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna 78 meM (1) kSudhA, (2) pipAsA, (3) zIta, (4) uSNa, (5) daMza-mazaka, (6) caryA, (7) vadha, (8) roga, (9) zayyA, (10) tRNasparza, aura (11) jalla, ye vedanIyajanita gyAraha parISaha sambhava haiN| ina guNasthAnoM meM ghAtikarmoM kA abhAva hone se zeSa gyAraha parISaha nahIM haiM / yahA~ para yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki 13veM aura 14veM guNasthAnoM meM parISahoM ke viSaya meM digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM ke dRSTikoNa meM kiMcit antara hai aura usakA mUla kAraNa hai - digambara paramparA kevalI meM kavalAhAra nahIM mAnatI hai| usake abhimatAnusAra sarvajJa meM kSudhA Adi gyAraha parISaha to haiM, para moha kA abhAva hone se kSudhA Adi vedanA rUpa na hone ke kAraNa upacAra mAtra se parISaha haiM / 79 unhoMne dUsarI vyAkhyA bhI kI hai / 'na' zabda kA adhyAhAra karake yaha artha lagAyA hai - jinameM vedanIya karma hone para bhI tadAzrita kSudhA Adi gyAraha parISaha moha ke abhAva ke kAraNa bAdhA rUpa na hone se haiM hI nahIM / suttanipAta 80 meM tathAgata buddha ne kahA- "muni zIta, uSNa, kSudhA, pipAsA, vAta, Atapa, daMza aura sarIsRpa kA sAmanA kara khaDgaviSANa kI taraha akelA vicaraNa kare / yadyapi bauddha sAhitya meM kAyakleza ko kiMcit mAtra bhI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA, kintu zramaNa ke lie parISaha - sahana karane para unhoMne bhI bala diyA hai| kitanI hI gAthAoM kI tulanA bauddha grantha - theragAthA, suttanipAta tathA dhammapada aura vaidika grantha- mahAbhArata, bhAgavata aura manusmRti meM Aye hue padyoM ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama Age vaha tulanA de rahe haiN| dekhie - "kAlIpavvaMgasaMkAse, kise dhamaNisaMtae / mAyane asaNapANassa, adINamanaso care // " tulanA kIjie "kAla (lA) pavvaMgasaMkAso, kiso dhammanisanthato / mattajJU annapANamhi, adInamanaso naro // " - uttarAdhyayana 2/3 - theragAthA 246, 686

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* 30 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -dhammapada 26/13 "aSTacakraM hi tad yAnaM, bhUtayuktaM mnorthm| tatrAdyau lokanAthau tau, kRzau dhmnisNttau||" -zAntiparva 334/11 "evaM cIrNena tapasA, munirdhrmmnisrgtH|" / __-bhAgavata 11/18/9 "paMsukUladharaM jantuM, kisaM dhmnisnthtN| ekaM vanasmiM jhAyantaM, tamahaM brUmi braahmnnN|" "puTTho ya daMsamasaehiM, samareva mhaamunnii| nAgo saMgAmasIse vA, sUro abhihaNe prN||" -uttarAdhyayana 2/10 tulanA kIjie "phuTTho DaMsehi masakehi, araJjasmiM brhaavne| nAgo saMgAmasIse va, sato ttraa'dhivaasye||" -theragAthA 34, 247, 687 "ena eva care lATe, abhibhUya priishe| gAme vA nagare vAvi, nigame vA raayhaannie||" -uttarAdhyayana 2/18 tulanA kIjie "eka eva carennityaM, siddhyrthmshaayvaan| siddhimekasya saMpazyan, na jahAti na hiiyte||" -manusmRti 6/42 "asamANo care bhikkhU, neva kujjA prigghN| asaMsatto gihatthehiM, aNieo privve||" -uttarAdhyayana 2/19 tulanA kIjie "aniketaH paritapan, vRkSamUlAzrayo muniH| ayAcakaH sadA yogI, sa tyAgI pArtha ! bhikssukH||" -zAntiparva 12/10 "susANe sunagAre vA, rukkhamUle va ego| akukkuo nisIejA, na ya vittAsae prN||" -uttarAdhyayana 2/20 tulanA kIjie "pAMzubhiH samabhicchinnaH, shuunyaagaarprtishryH| vRkSamUlaniketo vA, tyktsrvpriyaapriyH||" -zAntiparva 9/13 "socANaM pharusA bhAsA, dAruNA gaamknnttgaa| tusiNIo uvehejA, na tAo mnnsiikre||" -uttarAdhyayana 2/25

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 31 * . - . - . - . / -uttarAdhyayana 2/39 -uttarAdhyayana 3/17 tulanA kIjie "satvA rusito bahaM vAcaM, samaNANaM pthvcnaanN| pharusena te na pativajA, na hi santo pttisenikronti||" -suttanipAta, va. 8, 14/18 "aNukkasAI, apicche, annAesI alolue| rasesu nANugijjhejA, nANutappeja pnvN||" -uttarAdhyayana 2/39 tulanA kIjie "cakkhUhi neva lolassa, gAmakathAya Avaraye sotN| rase ca nAnugijjheyya, na ca mamAyetha kiMci loksmiN||" -suttanipAta, va. 8, 14/8 prastuta adhyayana meM 'khettaM vatthu hiraNaM' vAlI jo gAthA hai, vaisI gAthA suttanipAta meM bhI upalabdha hai| dekhie "khettaM vatthaM hiraNNaM ca, pasavo daasporusN| cattAri kAmakhandhANi, tattha se uvvjii||" tulanA kIjie "khettaM vatthu hirakhaM vA, gavAssaM daasporisN| thiyo bandhU puthU kAme, yo naro anugijjhti||" -suttanipAta, va. 8, 1/4 tRtIya adhyayana meM mAnavatA, saddharma-zravaNa, zraddhA aura saMyama-sAdhanA meM puruSArtha-ina cAra viSayoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| mAnava-jIvana atyanta puNyodaya se prApta hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne "dullahe khalu mANuse bhave" kahakara mAnava-jIvana kI durlabhatA batAI hai to AcArya zaMkara ne bhI "naratvaM durlabhaM loke' kahA hai| tulasIdAsa ne bhI rAmacaritamAnasa meM kahA "bar3e bhAga mAnusa tana paavaa| sura-nara muni saba durlabha gaavaa||" mAnava-jIvana kI mahattA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha apane jIvana ko sadguNoM se camakA sakatA hai| mAnava-tana milanA kaThina hai kintu 'mAnavatA' prApta karanA aura bhI kaThina hai| nara-tana to cora, DAkU evaM badamAzoM ko bhI milatA hai para mAnavatA ke abhAva meM vaha tana mAnava-tana nahIM, dAnava-tana hai| mAnavatA ke sAtha hI niSThA kI bhI utanI hI AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki binA niSThA ke jJAna prApta

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* 32 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana nahIM hotaa| gItAkAra ne bhI "zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM" kahakara zraddhA kI mahattA pratipAdita kI hai| jaba taka sAdhaka kI zraddhA samIcIna evaM susthira nahIM hotI, taba taka sAdhanA ke patha para usake kadama dRr3hatA se Age nahIM bar3ha sakate, isalie zraddhA para bala diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI dharma-zravaNa ke lie bhI preraNA dI gaI hai| dharma-zravaNa se jIvAdi tattvoM kA samyak parijJAna hotA hai aura samyak parijJAna hone se sAdhaka puruSArtha ke dvArA siddhi ko varaNa karatA hai| jAgarUkatA kA sandeza caturtha adhyayana kA nAma samavAyAMga meM 'asaMkhya' hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM 'pramAdApramAda' nAma diyA hai| 2 niyuktikAra ne adhyayana meM varNita viSaya ke AdhAra para nAma diyA hai to samavAyAMga meM jo nAma hai vaha prathama gAthA ke prathama pada para AdhRta hai| anuyogadvAra se bhI isa bAta kA samarthana hotA hai| vyakti socatA hai-abhI to merI yuvAvasthA hai, dharma vRddhAvasthA meM karU~gA, para use patA nahIM ki vRddhAvasthA AyegI athavA nahIM ? isalie bhagavAna ne kahA-"dharma karane meM pramAda na karo ! jo vyakti yaha socate haiM ki artha puruSArtha hai, ataH artha merA kalyANa karegA, para unheM yaha patA nahIM ki artha anartha kA kAraNa hai| tuma jisa prakAra ke karmoM kA upArjana karoge usI prakAra kA phala prApta hogaa|" "kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi|"-kRt kamoM ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hai| isa prakAra aneka jIvanotthAna ke tathyoM kA pratipAdana prastuta adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai aura sAdhaka ko yaha preraNA dI gaI hai ki vaha pratipala-pratikSaNa jAgarUka rahakara sAdhanA ke patha para Age bddh'e| catartha adhyayana kI prathama aura tatIya gAthA meM jo bhAva abhivyakta hue haiM, vaise hI bhAva bauddha grantha-aMguttaranikAya tathA theragAthA meM bhI Aye haiN| hama jijJAsuoM ke lie yahA~ para una gAthAoM ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se cintana karane heta de rahe haiN| dekhie "asaMkhayaM jIviya mA pamAyae, jarovaNIyassa hu natthi taannN| evaM viyANAhi jaNe pamatte, kaNNU vihiMsA ajayA ghinti||" -uttarAdhyayana 4/1 tulanA kIjie "upanIyati jIvitaM appamAyu, jarUpanItassa na santi taannaa| etaM bhayaM maraNe pekkhamANo, puJAni kayirAtha sukhaavhaani||" -aMguttaranikAya, pRSTha 159 ___

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 33 * "teNe jahA sandhimuhe gahoe, sakammuNA kicci.paavkaarii| evaM payA peca ihaM ca loe, kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi||" -uttarAdhyayana 4/3 tulanA kIjie "coro yathA sandhimukhe gahIto, sakammunA hajati paapdhmmo| evaM pajA peca paramhi loke, sakammunA hajati paapdhmmo||" -theragAthA 789 mRtyu : eka cintana ___ pA~caveM adhyayana meM akAmamaraNa ke sambandha meM cintana kiyA gayA hai| bhArata ke tattvadarzI RSi, maharSi aura santagaNa jIvana aura maraNa ke sambandha meM samaya-samaya para cintana karate rahe haiN| jIvana sabhI ko priya hai aura mRtyu apriya hai| jIvita rahane ke lie sabhI prayAsa karate haiM aura cAhate haiM ki hama dIrghakAla taka jIvita rheN| utkaTa jijIviSA pratyeka prANI meM vidyamAna hai| para satya yaha hai ki jIvana ke sAtha mRtyu kA colI-dAmana kA sambandha hai| na cAhane para bhI mRtyu nizcita hai, yahA~ taka ki mRtyu kI AzaMkA se mAnava aura pazu hI nahIM apitu svarga ke anupama sukhoM ko bhogane vAle deva aura indra bhI kA~pate haiN| saMsAra meM jitane bhI bhaya haiM, una saba meM mRtyu kA bhaya sabase bar3hakara hai| para cintakoM ne kahA-tuma mRtyu se bhayabhIta mata bano ! jIvana aura maraNa to khela hai| tuma khilAr3I banakara kalAtmaka DhaMga se khelo, cAlaka ko moTara calAne kI kalA AnI cAhie to moTara ko rokane kI kalA bhI AnI caahie| jo cAlaka kevala calAnA hI jAnatA ho, rokane kI kalA se anabhijJa ho, vaha kuzala cAlaka nahIM hotaa| jIvana aura maraNa donoM hI kalAoM kA pArakhI hI saccA pArakhI hai| jaise ha~sate hue jInA Avazyaka hai, vaise hI ha~sate hue mRtyu ko varaNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jo ha~sate hue maraNa nahIM karatA hai, vaha akAmamaraNa ko prApta hotA hai| akAmamaraNa vivekarahita aura sakAmamaraNa vivekayukta maraNa hai| akAmamaraNa meM viSaya-vAsanA kI prabalatA hotI hai, kaSAya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura sakAmamaraNa meM viSaya-vAsanA aura kaSAya kA abhAva hotA hai| sakAmamaraNa meM sAdhaka zarIra aura AtmA ko pRthak-pRthak mAnatA hai| zuddha dRSTi se AtmA vizuddha hai, ananta Anandamaya hai| zarIra kA kAraNa karma hai aura karma se hI mRtyu aura punarjanma hai| isalie usa sAdhaka ke mana meM na vAsanA hotI hai

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34 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana aura na durbhAvanA hI hotI hai| vaha binA kisI kAmanA ke svecchA se prasannatApUrvaka mRtyu ko isalie varaNa karatA hai ki usakA zarIra aba sAdhanA karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| ataH samAdhipUrvaka sakAmamaraNa kI mahimA Agama va Agametara sAhitya meM gAyI gaI hai| kAmamaraNa ko paNDitamaraNa bhI kahate haiM / paNDitamaraNa ke aneka bheda-prabhedoM kI carcAe~ Agama sAhitya meM vistAra se nirUpita haiM / bAlamaraNa ke bhI aneka bheda-prabheda haiN| vistArabhaya se una sabhI kI carcA hama yahA~ nahIM kara rahe haiN| Atma-balidAna aura samAdhimaraNa meM bahuta antara hai / Atma- balidAna meM bhAvanA kI prabalatA hotI hai| binA bhAvAtireka ke Atma- balidAna sambhava nahIM hai / samAdhimaraNa meM bhAvAtireka nahIM hotA / usameM viveka aura vairAgya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| AtmaghAta aura saMlekhanA - saMthAre meM bhI AkAza-pAtAla jitanA antara hai| AtmaghAta karane vAle ke cehare para tanAva hotA hai, usameM eka prakAra kA pAgalapana A jAtA hai| AkulatA - vyAkulatA hotI hai| jabaki samAdhimaraNa karane vAle kI mRtyu Akasmika nahIM hotI / AtmaghAtI meM kAyaratA hotI hai, karttavya se palAyana kI bhAvanA hotI hai, para paNDitamaraNa meM vaha vRtti nahIM hotii| vahA~ prabala samabhAva hotA hai / paNDitamaraNa ke sambandha meM jitanA jaina manISiyoM ne cintana kiyA hai, utanA anya manISiyoM ne nahIM / 84 bauddha paramparA meM icchApUrvaka mRtyu ko varaNa karane vAle sAdhakoM kA saMyuktanikAya meM samarthana bhI kiyA hai| sITha, sappadAsa, godhika, bhikSuvakkalI, kulaputra aura bhikSuchanna, " ye asAdhya roga se grasta the / unhoMne Atma-hatyAe~ kIM / tathAgata buddha ko jJAta hone para unhoMne apane saMgha ko kahA- ye bhikSu nirdoSa haiM / inhoMne Atma-hatyA kara parinirvANa ko prApta kiyA hai / Aja bhI jApAnI bauddhoM meM hAkIrI (svecchA se zastra ke dvArA Atma-hatyA) kI prathA pracalita hai / bauddha paramparA meM zastra ke dvArA usI kSaNa mRtyu ko varaNa karanA zreSTha mAnA hai| jaina paramparA ne isa prakAra maranA anucita mAnA hai, usameM marane kI AturatA rahI huI hai| vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM Atma-hatyA ko mahApApa mAnA hai / pArAzarasmRti meM ullekha hai - kleza, bhaya, ghamaNDa, krodha Adi ke vazIbhUta hokara jo Atma-hatyA karatA hai, vaha vyakti 60 hajAra varSa taka naraka meM nivAsa karatA

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 35 * -. -. -. -. hai| 6 mahAbhArata kI dRSTi se bhI Atma-hatyA karane vAlA kalyANaprada loka meM nahIM jA sktaa| vAlmIkirAmAyaNa,8 zAMkarabhASya,89 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad,9deg mahAbhArata' Adi granthoM meM AtmaghAta ko atyanta hIna mAnA hai| jo AtmaghAta karate haiM, unake sambandha meM manusmRti,92 yAjJavalkya,93 uSansmRti,94 kUrmapurANa,95 agnipurANa,96 pArAzarasmRti97 Adi granthoM meM batAyA hai ki unheM jalAJjali bhI nahIM denI caahie| jahA~ eka ora AtmaghAta ko niMdya mAnA hai to dUsarI ora vizeSa pApoM ke prAyazcitta ke rUpa meM AtmaghAta kA samarthana bhI kiyA hai| jaise manusmRti meM AtmaghAtI, madirApAyI brAhmaNa, gurupatnIgAmI ko ugra zastra, agni Adi se AtmaghAta karane kA vidhAna hai98 kyoMki vaha usase zuddha hotA hai| yAjJavalkyasmRti,99 gautamasmRti,100 vaziSThasmRti,101 ApastambhIya dharmasUtra,02 mahAbhArata'03 Adi meM isI taraha se zuddhi ke upAya batAye haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa kAzIkaravaTa, prayAga meM akSayavaTa se kUdakara Atma-hatyA karane kI prathAe~ pracalita huiiN| isa prakAra mRtyuvaraNa ko eka pavitra aura zreSTha dhArmika AcaraNa mAnA gyaa| mahAbhArata ke anuzAsanaparva,104 vanaparva,105 matsyapurANa'06 meM spaSTa varNana hai-agni-praveza, jala-praveza, giripatana, viSa-prayoga yA anazana dvArA deha-tyAga karane para brahmaloka athavA mukti prApta hotI hai| __ prayAga, sarasvatI, kAzI Adi tIrtha-sthaloM meM AtmaghAta karane kA vidhAna hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA hai-veda-vacana yA loka-vacana se prayAga meM bharane kA vicAra nahIM tyAganA caahie|07 isI prakAra kUrmapurANa,108 padmapurANa,09 skandapurANa,1deg matsyapurANa,11 brahmapurANa,12 liGgapurANa13 meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki jo ina sthaloM para mRtyu ko varaNa karatA hai, bhale hI vaha svastha ho yA asvastha, mukti ko avazya hI prApta karatA hai| vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM paraspara virodhI vacana prApta hote haiN| kahIM para AtmaghAta ko nikRSTa mAnA hai to kahIM para use protsAhana bhI diyA gayA hai| kahIM para jaina paramparA kI taraha samAdhimaraNa kA milatA-julatA varNana hai| kintu jala-praveza, agni-praveza, viSa-bhakSaNa, giripatana, zastrAghAta ke dvArA marane kA varNana adhika hai| isa prakAra mRtyu ke varaNa meM kaSAya kI tIvratA rahatI hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa prakAra ke maraNa ko bAlamaraNa kahA hai| kyoMki aise maraNa meM samAdhi kA abhAva hotA hai|

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36 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana islAma dharma meM svaicchika mRtyu kA vidhAna nahIM hai / usakA mAnanA hai ki khudA kI anumati ke binA nizcita samaya ke pUrva kisI ko marane kA adhikAra nahIM hai| isI prakAra IsAI dharma meM bhI Atma-hatyA kA virodha kiyA gayA hai / IsAiyoM kA mAnanA hai ki na tumheM dUsaroM ko mAranA hai aura na svayaM maranA hai / 114 saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to uttarAdhyayana meM mRtyu ke sannikaTa Ane para cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kara Atma dhyAna karate hue jIvana aura maraNa kI kAmanA se mukta hokara samabhAvapUrvaka prANoM kA visarjana karanA 'paNDitamaraNa' yA 'sakAmamaraNa' hai| jo vyakti jana, parijana, dhana Adi meM mUrcchita hokara mRtyu ko varaNa karatA hai, usakA maraNa 'bAlamaraNa' yA 'akAmamaraNa' hai| akAma aura bAlamaraNa ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tyAjya batAyA hai / nirgrantha : eka adhyayana chaTTe adhyayana kA nAma 'kSullakanirgranthIya' hai| 'nirgrantha' zabda jaina paramparA kA eka viziSTa zabda hai / Agama sAhitya meM zatAdhika sthAnoM para nirgrantha zabda kA prayoga huA hai / bauddha sAhitya meM 'niggaMTo nAyaputto' zabda anekoM bAra vyavahRta huA hai / 115 tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai ki gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI se lekara ATha paTTa paramparA taka nirgrantha paramparA ke rUpa meM vizruta thii| samrAT azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM 'niyaMTa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 116 jo nirgrantha kA hI rUpa hai| granthiyA~ do prakAra kI hotI haiM - eka sthUla aura dUsarI suukssm| AvazyakatA se adhika vastuoM kA saMgraha karanA 'sthUla grantha' kahalAtA hai tathA Asakti 'sUkSma grantha' kahalAtA hai / grantha kA artha gA~Tha hai| nirgrantha hone ke lie sthUla aura sUkSma donoM hI granthiyoM se mukta honA Avazyaka hai| rAga, dveSa Adi kaSAyabhAva 'Abhyantara granthiyA~' haiN| unhIM granthiyoM ke kAraNa bAhya grantha ekatrita kiyA jAtA hai| zramaNa ina donoM hI granthiyoM kA parityAga kara sAdhanA ke patha para agrasara hotA hai / prastuta adhyayana meM isa sambandha meM gaharAI se anucintana kiyA gayA hai| duHkha kA mUla Asakti sAtaveM adhyayana meM anAsakti para bala diyA hai| jahA~ Asakti hai, vahA~ duHkha hai; jahA~ anAsakti hai, vahA~ sukha hai / indriyA~ kSaNika sukha kI ora prerita /

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 37 * -.-.-.-.--.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.hotI haiM, para vaha saccA sukha nahIM hotaa| vaha sukhAbhAsa hai| prastuta adhyayana meM pA~ca udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| pA~coM dRSTAnta atyanta hRdayagrAhI haiN| prastuta adhyayana kA nAma samavAyAMga aura uttarAdhyayananiyukti18 meM 'urabbhinaM' hai| anuyogadvAra meM 'elaija' nAma prApta hotA hai|19 prastuta adhyayana kI prathama gAthA meM bhI 'elayaM' zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai| urabhra aura elaka, ye donoM zabda paryAyavAcI haiM, ataH ye donoM zabda Agama sAhitya meM Aye haiN| inake artha meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| lobha __ AThaveM adhyayana meM lobha kI abhivRddhi kA sajIva citraNa kiyA gayA hai| lobha usa saritA kI teja dhArA ke sadRza hai jo Age bar3hanA jAnatI hai, pIche haTanA nhiiN| jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM draupadI ke cIra kI taraha lobha bar3hatA calA jAtA hai| lobha ko nItikAroM ne pApa kA bApa kahA hai| anya kaSAya eka-eka sadguNa kA nAza karatA hai, para lobha sabhI sadguNoM kA nAza karatA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA ke naSTa hone para bhI lobha kI vidyamAnatA meM vItarAgatA nahIM aatii| binA vItarAga bane sarvajJa nahIM bntaa| kapila kevalI ke kathAnaka dvArA yaha tathya ujAgara huA hai| kapila ke antarmAnasa meM lobha kI bAr3ha itanI adhika A gaI thI ki usakI pratikriyAsvarUpa usakA mana virakti se bhara gyaa| vaha saba kucha chor3akara nirgrantha bana gyaa| eka bAra taskaroM ne use cAroM ora se ghera liyaa| kapila muni ne saMgIta kI surIlI svara-lahariyoM meM madhura upadeza diyaa| saMgIta ke svara taskaroM ko itane priya lage ki ve bhI unhIM ke sAtha gAne lge| kapila muni ke dvArA prastuta adhyayana gAyA gayA thA, isalie isa adhyayana kA nAma 'kApilIya' adhyayana hai| vAdIvetAla zAntisUri ne apanI bRhavRtti meM isa satya ko vyakta kiyA hai|120 jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne prastuta adhyayana ko 'jJeya' mAnA hai|121 "adhuve asAsayaMmi, saMsArammi dukkhpuraae|" yaha dhruva pada thA, jo pratyeka gAthA ke sAtha gAyA gyaa| kitane hI taskara to prathama gAthA ko sunakara hI saMbuddha ho gye| kitaneka dUsarI, tIsarI gAthA ko sunakara saMbuddha hue| isa prakAra 500 taskara pratibuddha hokara muni bne| prastuta adhyayana meM granthi-tyAga, saMsAra kI asAratA, kutIrthiyoM kI ajJatA, ahiMsA, viveka, strI-saMgama prabhRti aneka viSaya carcita haiN| kapila svayaMbuddha the| unheM svayaM hI bodha prApta huA thaa|

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* 38 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana AThaveM adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai - jo sAdhu lakSaNazAstra, svapnazAstra aura aMgavidyA kA prayoga karatA hai, vaha sAdhu nahIM hai| yahI bAta tathAgata buddha ne bhI suttanipAta meM kahI hai| udAharaNa ke lie "je lakkhaNaM ca suviNaMca, aMgavijjaM ca je pauMjanti / na hu te samaNA vuccanti, evaM AyariehiM akkhAyaM // " -uttarAdhyayana 8/13 tulanA kIjie "AthabvaNaM supinaM lakkhaNaM, no vidahe atho pi nakkhattaM / virutaM ca gabbhakaraNaM, tikicchaM mAmako na sebeyya // " - suttanipAta, va 8, 14/13 navameM adhyayana meM nami rAjarSi saMyama - sAdhanA ke patha ko svIkAra karate haiN| unakI parIkSA ke lie indra brAhmaNa ke rUpa ko dhAraNa kara AtA hai| unake vairAgya kI parIkSA karanA cAhatA hai / para nami rAjarSi adhyAtma ke antastala ko sparza kiye hue mahAn sAdhaka the / unhoMne kahA - "kAmabhoga tyAjya haiM, ve tIkSNa zalya haiM, bhayaMkara viSa ke sadRza haiM, AzIviSa sarpa ke samAna haiN| jo ina kAma - bhogoM kI icchA karatA hai, unakA sevana karatA hai, vaha durgati ko prApta hotA hai|" indra ne unheM preraNA dI -- " aneka rAjAgaNa Apake adhIna nahIM haiM, prathama unheM adhIna karake bAda meM pravrajyA grahaNa krnaa|" rAjarSi ne kahA- "eka mAnava raNa-kSetra meM lAkhoM vIra yoddhAoM para vijaya vaijayantI phaharAtA hai, dUsarA AtmA ko jItatA hai| jo apanI AtmA ko jItatA hai, vaha usa vyakti kI apekSA mahAn hai / " prastuta saMvAda meM indra brAhmaNa paramparA kA pratinidhi hai to nami rAjarSi zramaNa paramparA ke pratinidhi haiM / indra ne gRhasthAzrama kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue use ghora Azrama kahA / kyoMki vaidika paramparA kA AghoSa thA - cAra AzramoM meM gRhasthAzrama mukhya hai| gRhastha hI yajana karatA hai, tapa tapatA hai / jaise- nadI aura nada samudra meM Akara sthita hote haiM, vaise hI sabhI AzramI gRhastha para Azrita haiM / 122 navameM adhyayana ke nami rAjarSi kI jo kathAvastu hai, usa kathAvastu kI AMzika tulanA mahAjanajAtaka, sonakajAtaka, mANDavya muni aura janaka, janaka aura bhISma ke kathAnakoM se kI jA sakatI hai| hamane vistArabhaya se una

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 39 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-..-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.kathAnakoM ko yahA~ para nahIM diyA hai| yahA~ hama navameM adhyayana kI kucha gAthAoM kI tulanA jAtaka, dhammapada, aMguttaranikAya, divyAvadAna aura mahAbhArata ke padyoM ke sAtha kara rahe haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa dekhie "suhaM vasAmo jIvAmo, jesiM mo natthi kiNcnnN| mihilAe DajjhamANIe, na me Dajjhai kiNcnnN||" -uttarAdhyayana 9/14 tulanA kIjie "susukhaM bata jIvAma ye, saM no natthi kiNcnN| mithilAya DavhamAnAya, na me kiMci addvhth||" -jAtaka 539, zloka 125; jAtaka 529, zloka 16; dhammapada 15 "susukhaM bata jIvAmi, yasya me nAsti kiNcn| mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM, na me dahyati kiNcn||" -mokSadharmaparva 276/2 "jo sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme duJjae jinne| egaM jiNeja appANaM, esa se paramo jo||" -uttarAdhyayana 9/34 tulanA kIjie "yo sahassaM sahassena, saMgAme mAnuse jine| ekaM ca jeyyamattAnaM, sa ve sNgaamjuttmo||" -dhammapada 8/4 "jo sahassaM sahassANaM, mAse mAse gavaM de| tassAvi saMjamo seo, adintassa vi kiNcnnN||" -uttarAdhyayana 9/40 tulanA kIjie "mAse mAse sahassena, yo yajetha sataM smN| ekaM ca bhAvitattAnaM, muhattamapi puujye|| sA yeva pUjanA seyyo, yaM ce vassasataM hutN| yo ca vassasataM jantu, aggiM paricare bne| ekaM ca bhAvitattAnaM, muhattamapi puujye| sA yeva pUjanA seyyo, yaM ce vassasataM hutN||" -dhammapada 8/7-9 "yo dadAti sahasrANi, gavAmazvazatAni c| abhayaM sarvabhUtebhyaH, sadA tmbhivrtte||" -zAntiparva 298/5

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* 40 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana "mAse mAse tu jo bAlo, kusaggeNa tu bhuNje| na so suyakkhAyadhammassa, kalaM agghai solasiM // " - uttarAdhyayana 9 / 44 tulanA kIjie - dhammapada 5/11 "mAse mAse kusaggena, bAlo bhuMjetha bhojanaM / na so saMkhatadhammAnaM, kalaM agghati solasiM // " "aTThagupretassa uposathassa, kalaM pi te nAnubhavaMti solaMsi / " - aMguttaranikAya, pRSTha 221 " suvaNNaruppassa u pavvayA bhave, siyA hu kelAsasamA asaMkhayA / narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci, icchA u AgAsasamA aNantiyA // " tulanA kIjie "parvatopi suvarNasya, samo himavatA bhavet / nAlaM ekasya tad vittaM iti vidvAn samAcaret // " "puDhavI sAlI javA ceva, hiraNNaM pasubhissaha / pasiyNNaM nAlamegassa, ii vijA tavaM care // " tulanA kIjie / " yat pRthivyAM brIhiyavaM, hiraNyaM pazavaH striyaH nAlamekasya tat sarvamiti, pazyanna muhyati // " -uttarAdhyayana 9/48 - divyAvadAna, pRSTha 224 " yatpRthivyAM brIhiyavaM, hiraNyaM pazavaH striyaH / sarvaM tannAlamekasya, tasmAd vidvAJchamaM caret // " anuzAsanaparva 93/40 - uttarAdhyayana 9 / 49 - udyogaparva 39/84 "yad pRthivyAM brIhiyavaM, hiraNyaM pazavaH striyaH / ekasyApi na paryAptaM, tadityavitRSNAM tyajet // " -viSNupurANa 4/10/10 vaidika dRSTi meM gRhasthAzrama ko pramukha mAnA gayA hai| indra ne kahA - "rAjarSi ! isa mahAn Azrama ko chor3akara tuma anya Azrama meM jAnA cAhate ho, yaha ucita nahIM hai / yahIM para rahakara dharma kA poSaNa karo evaM pauSadha meM rata rho|" nami rAjarSi ne kahA- "he brAhmaNa ! mAsa-mAsa kA upavAsa karake pAraNA meM kuzAgra

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 41 mAtra AhAra grahaNa karane vAlA gRhastha munidharma kI solahavIM kalA bhI prApta nahIM kara sktaa|" isa prakAra gRhastha-jIvana kI apekSA zramaNa-jIvana ko zreSTha batAyA gayA hai| anta meM indra nami rAjarSi ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ko dekhakara apanA asalI rUpa prakaTa karatA hai aura nami rAjarSi kI stuti karatA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM brAhmaNa-saMskRti aura zramaNa-saMskRti kA pArthakya prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| jAgaraNa kA sandeza dasaveM adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA gautama ko kiyA gayA udbodhana saMkalita hai| gautama ke mAdhyama se sabhI zramaNoM ko udbodhana diyA gayA hai| jIvana kI asthiratA, mAnavabhava kI durlabhatA, zarIra aura indriyoM kI dhIre-dhIre kSINatA tathA tyakta kAmabhogoM ko punaH na grahaNa karane kI zikSA dI gaI hai| jIvana kI nazvaratA drumapatra kI upamA se samajhAI gaI hai| yaha upamA anuyogadvAra Adi meM bhI prayukta huI hai| vahA~ para kahA hai-pake hue pattoM ko girate dekha kopaleM khilakhilAkara ha~sa pdd'iiN| taba pake hue pattoM ne kahA-"jarA Thaharo ! eka dina tuma para bhI vahI bItegI jo Aja hama para bIta rahI hai|"123 isa upamA kA upayoga paravartI sAhitya meM kaviyoM ne jamakara kiyA hai| dasaveM adhyayana meM batAyA hai-jaise zarada Rta kA rakta kamala jala meM lipta nahIM hotA, isI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gautama ko sambodhita karate hue kahA-"tU apane sneha kA viccheda kara nirlipta bn|' yahI bAta dhammapada meM bhI kahI gaI hai| bhAva eka hai, para bhASA meM kucha parivartana hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dekhie "vocchinda siNehamappaNo, kumuyaM sAraiyaM va paanniyN| se sabasiNehavajie, samayaM goyama ! mA pmaaye||" -uttarAdhyayana 10/28 tulanA kIjie "ucchinda sinehamattano, kumudaM sAradikaM va paanninaa| santimaggameva brahma, nibbAnaM sugatena desitN||" --dhammapada 20/13 bahuzrutatA : eka cintana gyArahaveM adhyayana meM bahuzruta kI bhAva-pUjA kA nirUpaNa hai| isIlie prastuta adhyayana kA nAma 'bahuzruta-pUjA' hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne bahuzruta kA artha

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* 42 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana caturdazapUrvI kiyA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM bahuzruta ke guNoM kA varNana hai| yoM bahuzruta ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa, ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| jaghanyanizIthazAstra kA jJAtA, madhyama-nizItha se lekara caudaha pUrva ke pahale taka kA jJAtA aura utkRSTa-caudaha pUrvo kA vettaa| prastuta adhyayana meM vividha upamAoM se tejasvI vyaktitva ko ubhArA gayA hai| vastutaH ye upamAe~ itanI vAstavika haiM ki par3hate-par3hate pAThaka kA sira sahaja hI zraddhA se bahuzruta ke caraNoM meM nata ho jAtA hai| bahuzrutatA prApta hotI hai-vinaya se| vinIta vyakti ko prApta karake hI zruta phalatA aura phUlatA hai| jisameM krodha, pramAda, roga, Alasya aura stabdhatA ye pA~ca vighna haiM, vaha bahuzrutatA prApta nahIM kara sktaa| vinIta vyakti hI bahuzrutatA kA pUrNa adhikArI hai| ___ bArahaveM adhyayana meM muni harikezavala ke sambandha meM varNana hai| harikeza cANDAla-kula meM utpanna hue the| kintu tapa ke divya prabhAva se ve devatAoM ke dvArA bhI vandanIya bana gaye the| prastuta 'adhyayana' meM dAna ke lie supAtra kauna hai ? isa sambandha meM kahA hai-"jisameM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hiMsA, jhUTha, corI aura parigraha kI pradhAnatA hai, vaha dAna kA pAtra nahIM hai| snAna ke sambandha meM bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| harikeza muni ne brAhmaNoM se kahA- 'bAhya snAna se Atma-zuddhi nahIM hotI, kyoMki vaidika paramparA meM jala-snAna ko atyadhika mahattva diyA gayA thaa|" harikezabala muni se pUchA gayA-"ApakA jalAzaya kauna-sA hai, zAntitIrtha kauna-sA hai, Apa kahA~ para snAna kara karmaraja ko dhote haiM?" muni ne kahA-"akalaSita evaM AtmA ke prasanna lezyA vAlA dharma merA jalAzaya hai, brahmacarya merA zAntitIrtha hai| jahA~ para snAna kara maiM vimala, vizuddha aura suzItala hokara karmaraja kA tyAga karatA huuN| yaha snAna kuzala puruSoM dvArA iSTa hai| yaha mahAsnAna hai, ataH RSiyoM ke lie prazasta hai| isa dharma-nada meM snAna kiye hue maharSi vimala vizuddha hokara uttama gati (mukti) ko prApta hue haiN| nirgrantha paramparA meM Atma-zuddhi ke lie bAhya snAna ko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| ekadaNDI, tridaNDI parivrAjaka snAnazIla aura zucivAdI the|124 AcArya saMghadAsagaNI ne tridaNDI parivrAjaka ko zramaNa kahA hai|25 AcArya zIlAMka ne bhI use zramaNa mAnA hai|26 AcArya vaTTakera ne tApasa, parivrAjaka, ekadaNDI, tridaNDI Adi ko zramaNa kahA hai|27 ye zramaNa jala-snAna ko mahattva dete the, kintu nirgrantha paramparA ne snAna ko anAcIrNa kahA hai| bauddha paramparA meM pahale snAna kA niSedha nahIM thaa| bauddha bhikSu nadiyoM meM snAna karate the| eka bAra bauddha

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 43 * bhikSu 'tapodA' nadI meM snAna kara rahe the| rAjA zreNiya bimbisAra vahA~ snAna ke lie phuNce| bhikSuoM ko snAna karate dekhakara ve eka ora rahakara pratIkSA karate rhe| rAtri hone para bhI bhikSu snAna karate rhe| bhikSuoM ke jAne ke bAda zreNiya bimbisAra ne snAna kiyaa| nagara ke dvAra banda ho cuke the| ataH rAjA ko vaha rAta bAhara hI bitAnI pdd'ii| prAtaH gandha-vilepana kara rAjA buddha ke pAsa phuNcaa| tathAgata ne pUchA- "Aja itane zIghra gandha-vilepana kaise huA?' rAjA ne sArI bAta khii| buddha ne rAjA ko prasanna kara ravAnA kiyaa| tathAgata buddha ne bhikSuoM ko bulAkara kahA- "tuma rAjA ke dekhane ke pazcAt bhI snAna karate rahe, yaha ThIka nahIM kiyaa|" unhoMne niyama banAyA-"jo bhikSu pandraha dina se pUrva snAna karegA, use 'pAcittiya' doSa lgegaa|'' garmI ke dinoM meM pahanane tathA zayana karane ke vastra pasIne se gande hone lge| taba buddha ne kahA-'garmI ke dinoM meM pandraha dina ke andara bhI snAna kiyA jA sakatA hai|'' rugNatA tathA varSA-A~dhI ke samaya meM bhI snAna karane kI chUTa dI gii|28 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAdhuoM ke lie pratyeka paristhiti meM snAna karane kA spaSTa niSedha kiyaa| snAna ke sambandha meM koI apavAda nahIM rkhaa| uttarAdhyayana,129 AcAracUlA,130 sUtrakRtAMga31 Adi meM zramaNoM ke lie snAna karane kA varjana hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kitane hI cintaka prAtaH snAna karane se hI mokSa mAnate the|132 bhagavAna ne spaSTa zabdoM meM usakA virodha karate hue kahA- "snAna karane se mokSa kI prApti nahIM hai|133 jo jala-sparza se hI mukti mAnate haiM, ve mithyAtvI haiN| yadi jala-snAna se karmamala naSTa hotA hai to puNya-phala bhI naSTa hogA, ataH yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta hai| prastuta adhyayana meM hiMsAtmaka yajJa kI nirarthakatA bhI siddha kI hai| yajJa vaidika saMskRti kI pramukha mAnyatA rahI hai| vaidika dRSTi se yajJa kI utpatti kA mUla vizva kA AdhAra hai| pApoM ke nAza ke lie, zatruoM ke saMhAra ke lie, vipattiyoM ke nivAraNa ke lie, rAkSasoM ke vidhvaMsa ke lie, vyAdhiyoM ke parihAra ke lie yajJa Avazyaka hai| yajJa se sukha, samRddhi aura amaratva prApta hotA hai| Rgveda meM kahA hai-yajJa isa bhuvana kI utpatti karane vAle saMsAra kI nAbhi hai| deva tathA RSigaNa yajJa se hI utpanna hue haiN| yajJa se hI grAma, araNya aura pazuoM kI sRSTi huI hai| yajJa hI devoM kA pramukha evaM prathama dharma hai|30 jaina aura bauddha paramparA ne yajJa kA virodha kiyaa| uttarAdhyayana ke navameM, bArahaveM, caudahaveM aura paccIsaveM adhyayanoM meM yajJa kA virodha isalie kiyA hai

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* 44 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ki usameM jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| vaha dharma nahIM apitu pApa hai| sAtha hI vAstavika AdhyAtmika yajJa kA svarUpa bhI ina adhyayanoM meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya nirgrantha zramaNa yajJa ke bAr3oM meM bhikSA ke lie jAte the aura yajJa kI vyarthatA batAkara Atmika yajJa kI saphalatA kA pratipAdana karate the|35 tathAgata buddha bhikSusaMgha ke sAtha yajJa-maNDapa meM gaye the| unhoMne alpa sAmagrI ke dvArA mahAn yajJa kA pratipAdana kiyaa| unhoMne 'kUTadanta' brAhmaNa ko pA~ca mahAphaladAyI yajJa batAye the| ve ye haiM-(1) dAnayajJa, (2) trizaraNayajJa, (3) zikSApadayajJa, (4) zIlayajJa, tathA (5) smaadhiyjny|36 / / ___ isa taraha bArahaveM adhyayana meM zramaNa-saMskRti kI dRSTi se vipula sAmagrI hai| prastuta kathA prakArAntara se bauddha sAhitya meM bhI AI hai| usa kathA kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai-vArANasI kA maMDavyakumAra pratidina solaha sahasra brAhmaNoM ko bhojana pradAna karatA thaa| eka bAra mAtaMga paNDita himAlaya ke Azrama se bhikSA ke lie vahA~ aayaa| usake malina aura jIrNa-zIrNa vastroM ko dekhakara use vahA~ se lauTa jAne ko kahA gyaa| mAtaMga paNDita ne maMDavya ko upadeza dekara dAna-kSetra kI yathArthatA pratipAdita kii| maMDavya ke sAthiyoM ne mAtaMga ko khUba piittaa| nagara ke devatAoM ne kruddha hokara brAhmaNoM kI durdazA kii| zreSThI-kanyA 'diTThamaMgalA' vahA~ para aaii| usane vahA~ kI sthiti dekhii| usane svarNa-kalaza aura pyAle lekara mAtaMga paNDita se jAkara kSamAyAcanA kii| mAtaMga paNDita ne brAhmaNoM ko ThIka hone kA upAya btaayaa| diTThamaMgalA ne brAhmaNoM ko dAna-kSetra kI yathArthatA btlaaii|137 uttarAdhyayana ke bArahaveM adhyayana kI aneka gAthAoM kA hI rUpa mAtaMga jAtaka kI aneka gAthAoM meM jyoM kA tyoM milatA hai| 38 DaoN. ghATage kA mAnanA hai ki bauddha paramparA kI kathAvastu vistAra ke sAtha likhI gaI hai| usameM aneka vicAroM kA sammizraNa huA hai| jabaki jaina paramparA kI kathAvastu meM atyanta saralatA hai tathA hRdaya ko chUne kI vizeSatA rahI huI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki bauddha kathAvastu se jaina kathAvastu prAcIna hai| mAtaMga jAtaka meM brAhmaNoM ke prati tIvra roSa vyakta kiyA gayA hai| brAhmaNoM ko aparAdha ho jAne se jhUThana khAne ke lie utprerita karanA aura unheM dhokhA denA, ye aise tathya haiM jo sAmpradAyika bhAvanA ke pratIka haiN|139 para jaina kathA meM mAnavatA aura sahAnubhUti rahI huI hai|140

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *45 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . -. - . - . - . - . . citta aura saMbhUta ___ terahaveM adhyayana meM citta aura saMbhUta ke pArasparika sambandha aura visambandha kA varNana hai| isalie isa adhyayana kA nAma niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne 'citrasaMbhUtIya' likhA hai| brahmadatta kI utpatti se adhyayana kA prArambha hotA hai| vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM sampUrNa kathA vistAra ke sAtha dI gaI hai| citra aura saMbhUta pUrvabhava meM bhAI the| citra kA jIva purimatAla nagara meM seTha kA putra huA aura muni bnaa| saMbhUta kA jIva brahma rAjA kA putra brahmadatta bnaa| citra kA jIva jo muni ho gayA thA, brahmadatta ko saMsAra kI asAratA batAkara zrAmaNyadharma svIkAra karane ke lie preraNA detA hai para brahmadatta bhogoM meM atyanta Asakta thaa| ataH use upadeza priya nahIM lgaa| pA~cavIM, chaThI aura sAtavIM gAthA meM unake pUrva-janmoM kA ullekha huA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne sukhabodhAvRtti meM unake pUrva ke pA~ca bhavoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai|041 bauddha jAtaka sAhitya meM bhI yaha kathA prakArAntara se milatI hai| tathAgata buddha ne janma-janmAntaroM taka paraspara maitrIbhAva rahatA hai, yaha batAne ke lie yaha kathA kahI thii| ujjayinI ke bAhara cANDAla grAma thaa| bodhisatva ne bhI vahA~ janma grahaNa kiyA thA aura dUsare eka prANI ne bhI vahA~ janma liyA thaa| unameM se eka kA nAma citta aura dUsare kA nAma saMbhUta thaa| vahA~ para unake jIvana ke sambandha meM cintana hai| unake tIna pUrvabhavoM kA bhI ullekha hai jo isa prakAra hai (1) nareJjarA saritA ke taTa para hariNI kI kokha se utpanna honaa| (2) narmadA nadI ke kinAre bAja ke rUpa meM utpanna honaa| (3) citta kA jIva kauzAmbI meM purohita kA putra aura saMbhUta kA jIva pAMcAla rAjA ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa|42 donoM bhAI paraspara milate haiN| citta ne saMbhUta ko upadeza diyA kintu saMbhUta kA mana bhogoM se mur3A nhiiN| ataH citta ne usake sira para dhUla pheMkI aura vahA~ se himAlaya kI ora prasthita ho gyaa| rAjA saMbhUta ko vairAgya huaa| vaha bhI usake pIche-pIche himAlaya kI ora claa| citta ne use yoga-sAdhanA kI vidhi btaaii| donoM hI yoga kI sAdhanA kara brahma devaloka meM utpanna hue| uttarAdhyayana ke prastuta adhyayana kI gAthAe~ citta-saMbhUta jAtaka ke andara prAyaH milatI-julatI haiN| uttarAdhyayana kI kathA vistRta hai| usameM aneka avAntara kathAe~ bhI haiN| ve sArI kathAe~ brahmadatta se sambandhita haiN| jaina dRSTi se

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* 46 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana citta munidharma kI ArAdhanA kara evaM sampUrNa karmoM ko naSTa kara mukta hote haiM / brahmadatta kAmabhogoM meM Asakta banakara narakagati ko prApta hotA hai| bauddha paramparA kI dRSTi se saMbhUtako brahmalokagAmI batAyA gayA hai| DaoN. ghATage kA abhimata hai ki jAtaka kA pa-vibhAga gadya-vibhAga se adhika prAcIna hai / gadya-bhAga bAda meM likhA gayA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi bhASA aura tarka ke AdhAra se hotI hai| tathyoM ke AdhAra se yaha bhI siddha hai ki uttarAdhyayana kI kathAvastu prAcIna hai| jAtaka kA gadya-bhAga uttarAdhyayana kI racanAkAla se bahuta bAda meM likhA gayA hai| usameM pUrvabhavoM kA sundara saMkalana hai, kintu jaina kathAvastu meM vaha chUTa gayA hai| 143 uttarAdhyayana ke terahaveM adhyayana meM jo gAthAe~ AI haiM, usI prakAra ke bhAvoM kI abhivyakti mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva aura udyogaparva meM bhI huI hai / hama yahA~ uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAoM ke sAtha una padyoM ko bhI de rahe haiM, , jisase prabuddha pAThakoM ko sahaja rUpa se tulanA karane meM sahUliyata ho / dekhie " jaheha sIho va miyaM gahAya, maccU naraM nei hu antakAle / na tassa mAyA va piyA va bhAyA, kAlammi tammiMsaharA bhavaMti // " tulanA kIjie "taM putrapazusampannaM, vyAsaktamanasaM naram / suptaM vyAghro mRgamiva, mRtyurAdAya gacchati // sacinvAnakamevainaM, kAmAnAmavitRptakam / vyAghraH pazumivAdAya, mRtyurAdAya gacchati // " - zAntiparva 175/18-19 "na tassa dukkhaM vibhayanti nAio, na mittavaggA na suyA na baMdhavA / ekko sayaM paccaNuhoi dukkhaM, kattArameva aNujAi kammaM // " -uttarAdhyayana 13/23 - uttarAdhyayana 13/2 tulanA kIjie "mRtaM putraM duHkhapuSTaM manuSyA, utkSipya rAjan ! svagRhAnnirharanti / taM muktakezAH karuNaM rudanti, citAmadhye kASThamiva kSipanti // " - udyogaparva 40/15 " agnau prAstaM tu puruSaM, karmAnveti svayaM kRtam / " -vahI 40/18

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 47 * "ceccA dupayaM ca cauppayaM ca, khettaM gihaM dhaNadhannaM ca svvN| kammappabIo avaso payAi, paraM bhavaM sundara pAvagaM vaa||" -uttarAdhyayana 13/24 tulanA kIjie "anyo dhanaM pretagatasya bhuGkte, vayAMsi cAgnizca shriirdhaatuun| dvAbhyAmayaM saha gacchatyamutra, puNyena pApena ca cessttrymaanH||" --udyogaparva 40/17 "taM ikkagaM tucchasarIragaM se, ciIgayaM Dahiya u paavgennN| bhajjA ya puttA vi ya nAyao ya, dAyAramannaM annusNkmnti||" -uttarAdhyayana 13/25 tulanA kIjie "utsRjya vinivartante, jJAtayaH suhRdaH sutaaH| apuSpAnaphalAn vRkSAn, yathA tAta ! pttrinnH||" -udyogaparva 40/17 "anugamya vinAzAnte, nivartante ha baandhvaaH| agnau prakSipya puruSaM, suhRdstthaa||" -zAntiparva 321/74 "accei kAlo tUranti rAio, na yAvi bhogA purisANa niccaa| uvicca bhogA purisaM cayanti, dumaM jahA khINaphalaM va pkkhii||" -uttarAdhyayana 13/31 tulanA kIjie"accayanti ahorattA // " -theragAthA 148 sarapeNTiyara ne prastuta adhyayana kI tIna gAthAoM ko arvAcIna mAnA hai, kintu usake lie unhoMne koI pramANa nahIM diyA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke cUrNi va anya vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM kahIM para bhI isa sambandha meM pUrvAcAryoM ne UhApoha nahIM kiyA hai| ye tInoM gAthAe~ prakaraNa kI dRSTi se bhI upayukta pratIta hotI haiM, kyoMki ina gAthAoM kA sambandha Age kI gAthAoM se hai| yaha satya hai ki prArambha kI tIna gAthAe~ AryA chanda meM nibaddha haiM to Age kI anya gAthAe~ anuSTap, ___

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* 48 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-..-.-.-.upajAti prabhRti vibhinna chandoM meM nirmita haiN| kintu chandoM kI pRthaktA ke kAraNa una gAthAoM ko prakSipta aura arvAcIna mAnanA anupayukta hai| ___ caudahaveM adhyayana meM rAjA iSukAra, mahArAnI kamalAvatI, bhRgu purohita, yazA purohita-patnI tathA bhRgu purohita ke donoM putra, ina chaha pAtroM kA varNana hai| para rAjA kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa isa adhyayana kA nAma 'iSukArIya' rakhA gayA hai, aisA niyuktikAra kA maMtavya hai|44 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga meM aneka vicArakoM kI yaha dhAraNA thI ki binA putra ke sadgati nahIM hotii|45 svarga samprApta nahIM hotaa| ataH pratyeka vyakti ko gRhasthadharma kA pAlana karanA cAhie jisase santAnotpatti hogI aura loka tathA paraloka donoM sudhreNge| paraloka ko sukhI banAne ke lie putra-prApti hetu vividha prayatna kiye jAte the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyaa| unhoMne kahA-svarga aura naraka kI upalabdhi santAna se nahIM hotii| yahA~ taka ki mAtA-pitA, bhrAtA, putra, strI Adi koI bhI karmoM ke phalavipAka se bacAne meM samartha nahIM haiN| sabhI ko apane hI karmoM kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| isa kathA kA citraNa prastuta adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne prastuta adhyayana meM Aye hue sabhI pAtroM ke pUrvabhava, vartamAna bhava aura nirvANa kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA hai| isa adhyayana meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki mAtA-pitA moha ke vazIbhUta hokara putroM ko mithyA bAta kahate haiM-jaina zramaNa bAlakoM ko uThAkara le jAte haiN| ve unakA mA~sa khA jAte haiN| kintu jaba bAlakoM ko sahI sthiti kA parijJAna hotA hai to ve zramaNoM ke prati AkarSita hI nahIM hote kintu zramaNadharma ko svIkAra karane ko udyata ho jAte haiN| isa adhyayana meM pitA aura putra kA madhura saMvAda hai| isa saMvAda meM pitA brAhmaNa-saMskRti kA pratinidhitva kara rahA hai to putra zramaNa-saMskRti kaa| brAhmaNasaMskRti para zramaNa-saMskRti kI vijaya batAI gaI hai| unakI maulika mAnyatAoM kI carcA hai| purohita bhI tyAga-mArga ko grahaNa karatA hai aura usakI patnI Adi bhii| __ prastuta adhyayana kA gaharAI se adhyayana karane para yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki usa yuga meM yadi kisI kA koI uttarAdhikArI nahIM hotA thA to usakI sampatti kA adhikArI rAjA hotA thaa| bhRgu purohita kA parivAra dIkSita ho gayA to rAjA ne usakI sampatti para adhikAra karanA cAhA, kintu mahArAnI

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 49 * . kamalAvatI ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA-jaise vamana hue padArthoM ko khAne vAle vyakti kI prazaMsA nahIM hotI, vaise hI brAhmaNa ke dvArA parityakta dhana ko grahaNa karane vAle kI prazaMsA nahIM ho sktii| vaha bhI vamana khAne ke sadRza hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne prastuta adhyayana ke rAjA kA nAma 'sImandhara' diyA hai 5 to vAdIvaitAla zAntisUri ne likhA hai- 'iSukAra' yaha rAjyakAla kA nAma hai to 'sImandhara' rAjA kA maulika nAma honA sambhava hai|47 hastIpAla jAtaka bauddha-sAhitya kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| usameM kucha parivartana ke sAtha yaha kathA upalabdha hai| hastIpAla jAtaka meM kathAvastu ke ATha pAtra haiN| rAjA aisukArI, paTarAnI, purohita, purohita kI patnI, prathama putra hastImala, dvitIya putra azvapAla, tRtIya putra gopAla, cauthA putra ajapAla, ye saba milAkara ATha pAtra haiN| ye cAroM putra nyagrodha vRkSa ke devatA ke varadAna se purohita ke putra hote haiN| cAroM pravrajita honA cAhate haiN| pitA una cAroM putroM kI parIkSA karatA hai| cAroM putroM ke sAtha pitA kA saMvAda hotA hai| cAroM putra kramazaH pitA ko jIvana kI nazvaratA, saMsAra kI asAratA, mRtyu kI avikalatA aura kAmabhogoM kI mohakatA kA vizleSaNa karate haiN| purohita bhI pravrajyA grahaNa karatA hai| usake bAda brAhmaNI pravrajyA letI hai| anta meM rAjA aura rAnI bhI pravrajita ho jAte haiN| sarapeNTiyara kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana kI kathA jAtaka ke gadya-bhAga se atyadhika samAnatA lie hue hai| vastutaH jAtaka se jaina kathA prAcIna honI caahie| DaoN. ghATage kA mantavya hai ki jaina kathAvastu jAtaka kathA se adhika vyavasthita, svAbhAvikatA aura yathArthatA lie hue hai| jaina kathAvastu se jAtaka meM saMgRhIta kathAvastu adhika pUrNa hai| usameM purohita ke cAroM putroM ke janma kA vistRta varNana hai| jAtaka meM purohita ke cAra putroM kA ullekha hai, to uttarAdhyayana meM kevala do kaa| uttarAdhyayana meM rAjA aura purohita ke bIca kisI bhI prakAra kA sambandha nahIM hai, jabaki jAtaka meM purohita aura rAjA kA sambandha hai| purohita rAjA ke parAmarza se hI putroM kI parIkSA letA hai| svayaM rAjA bhI unakI parIkSA lene meM sahayoga karatA hai| jaina kathA ke anusAra purohita kA kuTumba dIkSita hone para rAjA sampatti para adhikAra karatA hai| usakA prabhAva mahArAnI kamalAvatI para par3atA hai aura vaha zramaNadharma ko grahaNa karanA cAhatI hai tathA rAjA ko bhI dIkSita hone ke lie preraNA pradAna karatI hai| jaina kathAvastu meM jo ye tathya haiM, ve bahuta hI svAbhAvika aura yathArtha haiN| jAtaka kathAvastu meM ___

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* 50 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana aisA nahIM ho pAyA hai| jAtaka kathA meM nyagrodha vRkSa ke devatA ke dvArA purohita ko cAra putroM kA varadAna milatA hai parantu rAjA ko eka putra kA varadAna bhI nahIM milatA hai, jabaki rAjya ke saMrakSaNa ke lie use eka putra kI atyadhika AvazyakatA hai| inhIM tathyoM ke AdhAra se DaoN. ghATage uttarAdhyayana kI kathAvastu ko prAcIna aura vyavasthita mAnate haiN|49 prastuta adhyayana kI kathAvastu mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva, adhyAya 175 tathA 277 se milatI-julatI hai| mahAbhArata ke donoM adhyAyoM kA pratipAdya viSaya eka hai| kevala nAmoM meM antara hai| donoM adhyAyoM meM mahArAjA yudhiSThira bhISma pitAmaha se kalyANa-mArga ke sambandha meM jijJAsA prastuta karate haiN| uttara meM bhISma pitAmaha prAcIna itihAsa kA eka udAharaNa dete haiM, jisameM eka brAhmaNa aura medhAvI putra kA madhura saMvAda hai| pitA brAhmaNa-putra medhAvI se kahatA hai-"vedoM kA adhyayana karo, gRhasthAzrama meM praviSTa hokara putra paidA karo, kyoMki usase pitaroM kI sadgati hogii| yajJoM ko karane ke pazcAt vAnaprasthAzrama meM praviSTa honaa|" uttara meM medhAvI ne kahA-"saMnyAsa saMgrahaNa karane ke lie kAla kI maryAdA apekSita nahIM hai| atyanta vRddhAvasthA meM dharma nahIM ho sktaa| dharma ke lie madhyama vaya hI upayukta hai| kiye hue karmoM kA phala avazya bhoganA par3atA hai| yajJa karanA koI Avazyaka nahIM hai| jisa yajJa meM pazuoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, vaha tAmasa yajJa hai| tapa, tyAga aura satya hI zAnti kA rAjamArga hai| santAna ke dvArA koI pAra nahIM utrtaa| dhana, jana paritrAyaka nahIM haiM, isalie AtmA kI anveSaNA kI jaaye| uttarAdhyayana aura mahAbhArata ke padyoM meM arthasAmya hI nahIM zabdasAmya bhI hai| zabdasAmya ko dekhakara jijJAsuoM ko Azcarya hue binA nahIM raha sktaa| vistArabhaya se hama yahA~ uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAoM aura mahAbhArata ke zlokoM kI tulanA prastuta nahIM kara rahe haiN| saMkSepa meM saMketa mAtra de rahe haiN|150 sAtha hI uttarAdhyayana aura jAtaka kathA meM Aye hue kucha padyoM kA bhI yahA~ saMketa sUcita kara rahe haiM, jisase pAThakoM ko tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane meM sahUliyata ho|151 ___prastuta adhyayana kI 44 aura 45vIM gAthA meM jo varNana hai, vaha varNana jAtaka ke 18 zloka meM dI gaI kathA se jAna sakate haiN| vaha prasaMga isa prakAra hai-jaba purohita kA sampUrNa parivAra pravrajita ho jAtA hai, rAjA usakA sArA

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 51 dhana ma~gavAtA hai| rAnI ko parijJAta hone para usane rAjA ko samajhAne ke lie eka upAya kiyaa| rAjaprAMgaNa meM kasAI ke ghara se mA~sa ma~gavAkara cAroM ora bikhera diyaa| sIdhe mArga ko chor3akara sabhI tarapha jAla lagavA diyaa| mA~sa ko dekhakara dUra-dUra se giddha Aye / unhoMne bharapeTa mA~sa khaayaa| jo giddha samajhadAra the, unhoMne socA-'hama mA~sa khAkara bahuta hI bhArI ho cuke haiM, jisase hama sIdhe nahIM ur3a skeNge|' unhoMne khAyA huA mA~sa vamana ke dvArA bAhara nikAla diyaa| halke hokara mArga se ur3a gaye, ve jAla meM nahIM pha~se / para jo giddha buddha the, ve prasanna hokara giddhoM ke dvArA vamita mA~sa ko khAkara atyadhika bhArI ho gaye / ve giddha sIdhe ur3a nahIM sakate the| Ter3he-mer3he ur3ane se ve jAla meM pha~sa gye| una pha~se hue giddhoM meM se eka giddha mahArAnI ke pAsa lAyA gayA / mahArAnI ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA- " Apa bhI gavAkSa se rAjaprAMgaNa meM giddhoM kA dRzya dekheM / jo giddha khAkara vamana kara rahe haiM, ve ananta AkAza meM ur3e jA rahe haiM aura jI khAkara vamana nahIM kara rahe haiM, ve mere caMgula meM pha~sa gaye haiM / " 152 sarapeNTiyara ne prastuta adhyayana kI 49 se 53vIM gAthAoM ko mUla nahIM mAnA hai| unakA abhimata hai - ye pA~coM gAthAe~ mUlakathA se sambandhita nahIM haiN| sambhava hai jaina kathAkAroM ne bAda meM nirmANa kara yahA~ rakhA ho' 'upara usakA unhoMne koI Thosa AdhAra nahIM diyA hai| prastuta kathAnaka meM Aye hue saMvAda se milatA-julatA varNana mArkaNDeyapurANa meM bhI prApta hotA hai| vahA~ para jaimini ne pakSiyoM se prANiyoM ke janma Adi ke sambandha meM vividha jijJAsAe~ prastuta kI haiM / una jijJAsAoM ke samAdhAna meM unhoMne eka saMvAda prastuta kiyA- bhArgava brAhmaNa ne apane putra dharmAtmA sumati ko kahA - " vatsa ! pahale vedoM kA adhyayana karake guru kI sevA-zuzrUSA kara, gArhasthya jIvana sampanna kara, yajJa Adi kara | phira putroM ko janma dekara saMnyAsa grahaNa karanA, usase pahale nahIM / " mati ne pitA se nivedana kiyA- "pitAjI ! jina kriyAoM ko karane kA Apa mujhe Adeza de rahe haiM, ve kriyAe~ maiM aneka bAra kara cukA huuN| maiMne vividha zAstroM kA va zilpoM kA adhyayana bhI aneka bAra kiyA hai| mujhe yaha acchI taraha se parijJAta ho gayA hai ki mere lie vedoM kA kyA prayojana hai ?155 maiMne isa virAT vizva meM bahuta hI paribhramaNa kiyA hai| aneka mAtA- - pitA ke sAtha merA sambandha huA / saMyoga aura viyoga kI ghar3iyA~ bhI dekhane ko milIM / vividha prakAra ke sukhoM aura ,154

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* 52 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-.-.-.- .-.-.----.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-- duHkhoM kA anubhava kiyaa| isa prakAra janma-maraNa ko prApta karate-karate mujhe jJAna kI anubhUti huI hai| pUrva-janmoM ko maiM spaSTa rUpa se dekha rahA huuN| mokSa meM sahAyaka jo jJAna hai vaha mujhe prApta ho cukA hai| usa jJAna kI prApti ke bAda yajJa-yAga, vedoM kI kriyA mujhe saMgata nahIM lgtii| aba mujhe Atma-jJAna ho cukA hai aura usI utkRSTa jJAna se brahma kI prApti hogii|"156 ___ bhArgava ne kahA-"vatsa ! tU aisI bahakI-bahakI bAteM kara rahA hai| mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kisI RSi yA deva ne tujhe zApa diyA hai, jisase yaha terI sthiti huI hai|"157 ___ sumati ne kahA-"tAta ! maiM pUrva-janma meM brAhmaNa thaa| maiM pratipala-pratikSaNa paramAtmA ke dhyAna meM tallIna rahatA thA, jisase Atma-vidyA kA cintana mujhameM pUrNa vikasita ho cukA thaa| maiM sadA sAdhanA meM rata rahatA thaa| mujhe atIta ke lAkhoM janmoM kI smRti ho aaii| dharmatrayI meM rahe hue mAnava ko jAti-smaraNa jJAna kI prApti nahIM hotii| mujhe yaha Atma-jJAna pahale se hI prApta hai| isalie aba maiM Atma-mukti ke lie prayAsa kruuNgaa|"158 usake bAda sumati apane pitA bhArgava ko mRtyu kA rahasya batAtA hai| isa prakAra isa saMvAda meM vedajJAna kI nirarthakatA batAkara Atma-jJAna kI sArthakatA siddha kI hai| prastuta saMvAda ke sambandha meM viNTaranItja kA abhimata hai-yaha bahuta kucha sambhava hai-yaha saMvAda jaina aura bauddha paramparA kA rahA hogaa| usake bAda use mahAkAvya yA paurANika sAhitya meM sammilita kara liyA gayA ho !159 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana ke caudahaveM adhyayana meM jo varNana hai, usakI praticchAyA vaidika aura bauddha paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI prApta hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dekhie "ahijja vee parivissa vippe, putte paDiTThappa gihaMsi jAyA ! bhoccANa bhoe saha itthiyAhi, AraNNagA hoha muNI pstthaa||" -uttarAdhyayana 14/9 tulanA kIjie "vedAnadhItya brahmacaryeNa putra ! putrAnicchet pAvanArtha pitRnnaam| agnInAdhAya vidhivacceSTayajJo, vanaM pravizyAtha munirbubhuusset||" -zAntiparva 175/6, 277/6; jAtaka 509/4 ___

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 53 * "veyA ahIyA na bhavanti tANaM, bhuttA diyA ninti tamaM tmennN| jAyA ya puttA na havanti tANaM, ko NAma te aNumannejja evN||" -uttarAdhyayana 14/12 tulanA kIjie "vedA na saccA na ca vittalAbho, na puttalAbhena jaraM vihnti| gandhe rame muccanaM Ahu santo, sakammunA hoti phluupptti||" -jAtaka 509/6 "imaM ca me atthi imaM ca natthi, imaM ca me kicca imaM akiccN| taM evamevaM lAlappamANaM, harA haraMti ti kahaM pamAe ? // " -uttarAdhyayana 14/15 tulanA kIjie "idaM kRtamidaM kAryamidamanyat kRtaakRtm| evamIhAsukhAsaktaM, mRtyurAdAya gcchti||" -zAntiparva 175/20 vistArabhaya se hama una sabhI gAthAoM kA anya granthoM ke Aloka meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM de rahe haiN| vizeSa jijJAsu lekhaka kA 'jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA' grantha meM 'tulanAtmaka adhyayana' zIrSaka nibandha dekheN| bhikSu : eka vizleSaNa pandrahaveM adhyayana meM bhikSuoM ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa hai| jisakI AjIvikA kevala bhikSA ho, vaha 'bhikSu' kahalAtA hai| saccA santa bhI bhikSA se AhAra prApta karatA hai to pAkhaNDI sAdhu bhI bhikSA se hI AhAra prApta karatA hai| isIlie donoM hI prakAra ke bhikSuoM kI saMjJA 'bhikSu' hai| jaise svarNa apane sadguNoM ke kAraNa kRtrima svarNa se pRthak hotA hai vaise hI sad bhikSu apane sadguNoM ke kAraNa asad bhikSu se pRthak hotA hai| svarNa ko jaba kasauTI para kasate haiM to vaha kharA utaratA hai| kRtrima svarNa svarNa ke sadRza dikhAI to detA hai kintu kasauTI para kasane se anya guNoM ke abhAva meM vaha kharA nahIM utaratA hai| isIlie vaha zuddha sonA nahIM hai| kevala nAma aura rUpa se sonA sonA nahIM hotA; vaise hI kevala nAma aura veza se koI saccA bhikSu nahIM hotaa| sadguNoM se hI jaise sonA sonA hotA hai vaise hI sadguNoM se bhikSu bhI ! saMvega, nirveda, viveka,

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* 54 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana suzIla, saMsarga, ArAdhanA, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vinaya, zAnti, mArdava, Arjava, adInatA, titikSA, Avazyaka, zuddhi, ye sabhI sacce bhikSu ke liMga haiN| bhikSu kA nirukta hai-jo bhedana kare vaha bhikSu hai| kulhAr3I se vRkSa kA bhedana karanA dravya-bhikSu kA lakSaNa ho sakatA hai, bhAva-bhikSu to taparUpI kulhAr3I se karmoM kA bhedana karatA hai| jo kevala bhIkha mA~gakara khAtA hai kintu dArAyukta hai, basa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, mana, vacana aura kAyA se sAvadha pravRtti karatA hai, vaha dravya-bhikSu hai| kevala bhikSAzIla vyakti hI bhikSu nahIM hai| kintu jo ahiMsaka jIvana jItA hai, saMyamamaya jIvana yApana karatA hai, vaha bhikSu hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhikhArI alaga hai aura bhikSu alaga hai| bhikSu ko pratyeka vastu yAcanA karane para milatI hai| manovAMchita vastu milane para vaha prasanna nahIM hotA aura na milane para aprasanna nahIM hotaa| vaha to donoM hI sthitiyoM meM samabhAva se rahatA hai| zramaNa AvazyakatA kI sampUrti ke lie kisI ke sAmane hIna bhAvanA se hAtha nahIM psaartaa| vaha vastu kI yAcanA to karatA hai kintu Atma-gaurava kI kSati karake nhiiN| vaha mahAn vyaktiyoM kI na to cApalUsI karatA hai aura na choTe vyaktiyoM kA tirskaar| na dhanavAnoM kI prazaMsA karatA hai aura na nirdhanoM kI nindaa| vaha sabhI ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai| isa prakAra samatva kI sAdhanA hI bhikSu ke AcAra-darzana kA sAra hai| phrAyaDa kA mantavya hai-caitasika jIvana aura sambhavatayA snAyavika jIvana kI bhI pramukha pravRtti hai-Antarika uddIpakoM ke tanAva ko naSTa kara evaM sAmyAvasthA ko banAye rakhane ke lie sadaiva prayAsazIla rahanA !160 prastuta adhyayana meM bhikSu ke jIvana kA zabdacitra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isase usa yuga kI aneka dArzanika va sAmAjika jAnakAriyA~ bhI prApta hotI haiN| usa samaya kitane hI zramaNa va brAhmaNa maMtravidyA kA prayoga karate the, cikitsAzAstra kA upayoga karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhikSuoM ke lie usakA niSedha kiyaa| vamana, virecana aura dhUmranetra ye prAcIna cikitsA-praNAlI ke aMga the| dhUmranetra kA prayoga mastiSka-sambandhI rogoM ke lie hotA thaa| AcArya jinadAsa ke abhimatAnusAra roga kI AzaMkA aura zoka Adi se bacane ke lie athavA mAnasika AhlAda ke lie dhUpa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa|61 AcArya nemicandra ne uttarAdhyayana kI bRhadvRtti meM dhUmra ko 'menasila' Adi se sambandhita mAnA hai|62 caraka meM 'menasila' Adi ke dhUmra ko 'zirovirecana' karane vAlA mAnA hai|63 suzruta ke cikitsA-sthAna ke

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 55 * cAlIsaveM adhyAya meM dhUmra kA vistAra se varNana hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM dhUpana aura dhUmrapAna donoM kA niSedha hai| 'vinayapiTaka' ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki bauddha bhikSu dhUmrapAna karane lage the taba tathAgata buddha ne unheM dhUmranetra kI anumati dii|60 usake pazcAt bhikSu svarNa, raupya Adi ke dhUmranetra rakhane lge|65 isase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhikSu aura saMnyAsiyoM meM dhUmrapAna na karane ke lie dhUmranetra rakhane kI prathA thii| para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne zramaNoM ke lie inakA niSedha kiyaa| vamana kA artha ulTI karanA-'madana' phala Adi ke prayoga se AhAra ko ulTI ke dvArA bAhara nikAlanA hai| ise Urdhvavireka kahA hai|66 apAnamArga ke dvArA sneha Adi kA prakSepa 'vastikarma' kahalAtA hai| caraka Adi meM vibhinna prakAra ke vastikarmoM kA varNana hai|067 julAba ke dvArA mala ko dUra karanA virecana hai| ise adhovireka bhI kahA hai|68 usa yuga meM AjIvaka Adi zramaNa chinnavidyA, svaravidyA, bhauma, antarikSa, svapna, lakSaNa, daNDa, vAstuvidyA, aMgavikAra evaM svaravijJAna vidyAoM se AjIvikA karate the, jisase jana-jana kA antarmAnasa AkarSita hotA thaa| sAdhanA meM vighnajanaka hone se bhagavAna ne inakA niSedha kiyaa| brahmacarya : eka anucintana solahaveM adhyayana meM brahmacarya-samAdhi kA nirUpaNa hai| ananta, apratima, advitIya, sahaja Ananda AtmA kA svarUpa hai| vAsanA vikRti hai| brahmacarya kA artha hai-vikRti se bacakara svarUpabodha prApta krnaa| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM vividha upamAoM ke dvArA brahmacarya kI mahimA aura garimA gAI hai| jo brahmacarya vrata kI ArAdhanA karatA hai vahI samasta vrata, niyama, tapa, zIla, vinaya, satya, saMyama Adi kI ArAdhanA kara sakatA hai| brahmacarya vratoM kA saratAja hai, yahA~ taka ki brahmacarya svayaM bhagavAna hai| brahmacarya kA artha maithuna-virati yA sarvendriya saMyama hai| satya, acaurya, aparigraha Adi vratoM kA sambandha mAnasika bhUmikA se hai, para brahmacarya ke lie daihika aura mAnasika ye donoM bhUmikAe~ Avazyaka haiN| isIlie brahmacarya ko samajhane ke lie zarIrazAstra kA jJAna bhI jarUrI hai| moha aura zArIrika sthiti, ye do abrahmA ke mukhya kAraNa haiN| zArIrika dRSTi se manuSya jo AhAra karatA hai usase rasa, rakta, mA~sa, meda, asthi, majjA aura vIrya banatA hai|69 vIrya sAtavIM bhUmikA meM banatA hai| usake pazcAt vaha oja rUpa meM zarIra meM vyApta hotA hai| oja kevala vIrya kA hI sAra nahIM hai,

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* 56 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.vaha sabhI dhAtuoM kA sAra hai| hamAre zarIra meM anekoM nAr3iyoM meM eka nAr3I kAmavAhinI hai| vaha paira ke aMgUThe se lekara mastiSka ke pichale bhAga taka hai| vividha AsanoM ke dvArA isa nAr3I para niyaMtraNa kiyA jAtA hai| AhAra se jo vIrya banatA hai, vaha rakta ke sAtha bhI rahatA hai aura vIryAzaya ke andara bhI jAtA hai| jaba vIryAzaya meM vIrya kI mAtrA adhika pahu~catI hai to vAsanAe~ ubharatI haiN| ataH brahmacArI ke lie yaha kaThina samasyA hai| kyoMki jaba taka jIvana hai taba taka AhAra to karanA hI par3atA hai| AhAra se vIrya kA nirmANa hogaa| vaha vIryAzaya meM jAyegA aura pahale kA vIrya bAhara niklegaa| vaha krama sadA jArI rhegaa| isIlie bhAratIya RSiyoM ne vIrya ko mArgAntarita karane kI prakriyA batAI hai| mArgAntarita karane se vIrya vIryAzaya meM kama jAkara Upara sahasrAra cakra meM adhika mAtrA meM jAne se sAdhaka UrdhvaretA bana sakatA hai| Agama sAhitya meM sAdhakoM ke lie ghora brahmacArI zabda vyavahRta huA hai| tattvArtharAjavArtika meM ghora brahmacArI use mAnA hai jisakA vIrya svapna meM bhI skhalita nahIM hotaa| svapna meM bhI usake mana meM azubha saMkalpa paidA nahIM hote| brahmacArI ke lie AhAra kA viveka rakhanA Avazyaka hai| atimAtrA meM aura praNIta AhAra ye donoM hI tyAjya haiN| gariSTha AhAra kA saralatA se pAcana nahIM hotA, isIlie kabja hotI hai| kabja se kuvAsanAyeM utpanna hotI haiM aura usase vIrya naSTa hotA hai| isalie utanA AhAra karo jisase peTa bhArI na ho| malAvarodha se vAyu kA nirmANa hotA hai| jitanA adhika vAyu kA nirmANa hogA, vIrya para utanA hI adhika dabAva par3egA, jisase brahmacarya ke pAlana meM kaThinatA hogii| jananendriya aura mastiSka ye donoM vIrya-vyaya ke mArga haiN| bhogI tathA rogI vyakti kAmavAsanA se grasta hokara tathA vAyuvikAra Adi zArIrika roga hone para vIrya kA vyaya jananendriya ke mAdhyama se karate haiN| yogI loga vIrya ke pravAha ko nIce se Upara kI ora mor3a dete haiM jisase kAmavAsanA ghaTatI hai| Upara kI ora pravAhita hone vAle vIrya kA vyaya mastiSka meM hotA hai| jananendriya ke dvArA jo vIrya vyaya hotA hai, vaha abrahmacarya hai| yadi vaha sImita mAtrA meM vyaya hotA hai to zarIra para utanA prabhAva nahIM hotA para mana meM moha utpanna hone se AdhyAtmika dRSTi se hAni hotI hai| __jisa vyakti kI abrahma ke prati Asakti hotI hai, usakI vRSaNa granthiyA~ rasa, rakta kA upayoga bahiHsrAva utpanna karatI haiM jisase antaHsrAva utpanna karane

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 57 * vAle avayava usase vaMcita raha jAte haiN| unameM jo kSamatA AnI cAhie, vaha nahIM A paatii| phalataH zarIra meM vividha prakAra ke vikAra utpanna hote haiN| isI bAta ko Ayurveda ke AcAryoM ne eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA hai| sAta kyAriyoM meM se sAtavIM kyArI meM bar3A khaDDA ho aura jala ko bAhara nikalane ke lie cheda ho to sArA jala usa gaDDhe meM ekatrita hogaa| yahI sthiti abrahma ke kAraNa zukra kSaya kI hotI hai| chahoM rasa zukra dhAtu kI puSTi meM lagate haiN| kintu atyanta abrahma ke sevana karane vAle kA zukra puSTa nahIM hotA jisake phalasvarUpa anya dhAtuoM kI puSTi nahIM ho pAtI aura zarIra meM nAnA prakAra ke roga paidA ho jAte haiN| indriyavijetA hI brahmacarya kA pAlana kara pAtA hai| brahmacarya ke pAlana se zarIra meM apUrva sthiratA, mana meM sthiratA, apUrva utsAha aura sahiSNutA Adi sadguNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| kitane hI cintakoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki pUrNa brahmacarya se zarIra aura mana para jaisA anukUla prabhAva honA cAhie, vaha nahIM hotaa| unake cintana meM AMzika saccAI hai| aura vaha yaha hai-jaba brahmacarya kA pAlana svecchA se na kara vivazatA se kiyA jAtA hai, tana se to brahmacarya kA pAlana hotA hai, kintu mana meM vikAra bhAvanAe~ hone se vaha brahmacarya hAniprada hotA hai kintu jisa brahmacarya meM vivazatA nahIM hotI, Antarika bhAvanA se jisakA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai, vikArI bhAvanAoM ko udAtta bhAvanAoM kI ora mor3a diyA jAtA hai, usa brahmacarya kA tana aura mana para zreSTha prabhAva par3atA hai| jo loga brahmacarya kA pUrNa pAlana karanA cAhate haiM ve gariSTha AhAra va darpakara AhAra grahaNa na kareM aura mana para bhI niyaMtraNa kreN| jaba kAmavAsanA mastiSka ke pichale bhAga se ubhare taba usake ubharate hI usa sthAna para mana ko ekAgra kara zubha saMkalpa kiyA jAye to vaha ubhAra zAnta ho jaayegaa| kAmajanaka avayavoM ke sparza se bhI vAsanA ubharatI hai, isIlie prastuta adhyayana meM brahmacarya-samAdhi ke daza sthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM bhI nau guptiyoM kA varNana hai| jo pA~cavA~ sthAna uttarAdhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai vaha sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana kA 'daza samAdhi-sthAna' varNana bar3A hI manovaijJAnika hai| zayana, Asana, kAmakathA Adi brahmacarya kI sAdhanA meM vighnarUpa haiN| ina vighnoM ke nivAraNa karane se hI brahmacarya samyak prakAra se pAlana kiyA jAtA hai|

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58 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra' 170 meM aura paM. AzAdhara jI 171 ne anagAradharmAmRta meM zIla ArAdhanA meM vighna samutpanna karane vAle dasa kAraNa batAye haiN| una sabhI kAraNoM meM prAyaH uttarAdhyayana meM nirdiSTa kAraNa hI haiM / kucha kAraNa pRthak bhI haiN| ina sabhI kAraNoM kA adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina Agama sAhitya tathA usake pazcAtvartI sAhitya meM jisa krama se nirUpaNa huA hai, vaisA zRMkhalAbaddha nirUpaNa veda aura upaniSadoM meM nahIM huA hai / - 172 mR meM kahA gayA hai - maithuna ke smaraNa, kIrtana, krIr3A, dekhanA, guhya bhASaNa, saMkalpa, adhyavasAya aura kriyA ye ATha prakAra batAye gaye haiM- inase alaga rahakara brahmacarya kI rakSA karanI cAhie / tripiTaka sAhitya meM brahmacarya - guptiyoM kA jaina sAhitya kI taraha vyavasthita krama prApta nahIM hai kintu kucha chuTapuTa niyama prApta hote haiM / una niyamoM meM mukhya bhAvanA hai - azuci bhAvanA ! azuci bhAvanA se zarIra kI Asakti dUra kI jAtI hai / ise hI kAyagatA smRti kahA hai / 173 zreSTha - zramaNa aura pApa - zramaNa meM antara - sattarahaveM adhyayana meM pApa - zramaNa ke svarUpa kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| jo jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ina pA~ca AcAroM kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karatA hai, vaha zreSTha - zramaNa hai / zrAmaNya kA AdhAra AcAra hai| AcAra meM mukhya ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA artha hai- sabhI jIvoM ke prati saMyama karanA / jo zramaNAcAra kA samyak prakAra se pAlana nahIM karatA aura jo akarttavya kAryoM kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha pApa zramaNa hai / jo viveka bhraSTa zramaNa hai, vaha sArA samaya khAne, pIne aura sone meM vyatIta kara detA hai / na samaya para pratilekhana karatA hai aura na samaya para svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi hI / samaya para sevA-zuzrUSA bhI nahIM karatA hai / vaha pApa - zramaNa hai / zramaNa kA artha kevala veza - parivartana karanA nahIM, jIvana - parivartana karanA hai| jisakA jIvana parivartita-AtmaniSTha, adhyAtmanirata ho jAtA hai, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne use zreSTha- zramaNa kI abhidhA se abhihita kiyA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM pApa - zramaNa ke jIvana kA zabda-citra saMkSepa meM pratipAdita hai / gAgara meM sAgara aThArahaveM adhyayana meM rAjA saMjaya kA varNana hai| eka bAra rAjA saMjaya zikAra ke lie kezara udyAna meM gayA / vahA~ usane saMtrasta mRgoM ko mArA /

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 59 * idhara-udhara nihArate hue usakI dRSTi muni gardabhAla para girii| ve dhyAnamadrA meM the| unheM dekhakara rAjA saMjaya bhayabhIta huaa| vaha socane lagA--"maiMne mani kI AzAtanA kI hai|' muni se kSamA yAcanA kii| muni ne jIvana kI asthiratA, pArivArika janoM kI asAratA aura karma-pariNAmoM kI nizcitatA kA pratipAdana kiyA jisase rAjA ke mana meM vairAgya utpanna huA aura vaha muni bana gyaa| eka bAra eka kSatriya muni ne saMjaya muni se pUchA-"Apa kauna haiM ? ApakA nAma aura gotra kyA hai ? kisa prakAra AcAryoM kI sevA karate ho ? kRpA karake btaaiye|'' muni saMjaya ne saMkSepa meM uttara diyaa| uttara sunakara muni bahuta prasanna hue| unhoMne muni saMjaya ko jaina pravacana meM sudRr3ha karane ke lie aneka mahApuruSoM ke udAharaNa diye| isa adhyayana meM aneka cakravartiyoM kA ullekha huA hai| bharata cakravartI bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra the| inhIM ke nAma para prastuta deza kA nAma 'bhAratavarSa' huaa| inhoMne SaTkhaNDa ke sAmrAjya kA parityAga kara zramaNadharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| dUsare cakravartI sagara the| ayodhyA meM ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA jitazatru kA rAjya thaa| usake bhAI kA nAma sumitravijaya thaa| vijayA aura yazomatI ye do patniyA~ thiiN| vijayA ke putra kA nAma ajita thA, jo dvitIya tIrthaMkara ke nAma se vizruta hue aura yazomatI ke putra kA nAma sagara thA, jo dvitIya cakravartI huaa| tRtIya cakravartI kA nAma maghava thaa| ye zrAvastI nagarI ke rAjA samudravijaya kI mahArAnI bhadrA ke garbha se utpanna hue the| sanatkumAra caturtha cakravartI the| ye kuru jAMgala janapada meM hastinApura nagara ke nivAsI the| unake pitA kA nAma azvasena aura mAtA kA nAma sahadevI thaa| zAntinAtha hastinApura ke rAjA vizvasena ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma acirAdevI thaa| ye pA~caveM cakravartI hue| rAjya kA parityAga kara zramaNa bane aura solahaveM tIrthaMkara hue| kunthu hastinApura ke rAjA sUra ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma zrIdevI thaa| ye chaThe cakravartI hue| anta meM rAjya kA parityAga kara zramaNa bne| tIrtha kI sthApanA kara sattarahaveM tIrthaMkara hue| 'ara' gajapura ke rAjA sudarzana ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma devI thaa| ye sAtaveM cakravartI hue| rAjya-bhAra ko chor3akara zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hue| tIrtha kI sthApanA karake aThArahaveM tIrthakara hue| naveM cakravartI mahApadma the| ye hastinApura ke padmottara rAjA ke putra the| unakI mAtA kA nAma jhAlA thaa| unake do putra hue-viSNukumAra aura mhaapdm| mahApadma nauveM cakravartI hue| hariseNa dasaveM cakravartI hue| ye kAmpilyapura nagara ke nivAsI the|

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* 60 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana inake pitA kA nAma 'mahAhariza' thA aura mAtA kA nAma 'merA' thA / jaya rAjagRha nagara ke rAjA samudravijaya ke putra the| inakI mA~ kA nAma vaprakA thaa| ye gyArahaveM cakravartI ke rUpa meM vizruta hue / bharata se lekara jaya taka tIrthaMkaroM aura cakravartiyoM kA astittva kAla prAgaitihAsika kAla hai / ina sabhI ne saMyamamArga ko grahaNa kiyaa| dazArNabhadra dazArNa janapada ke rAjA the| ye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the / nami videha ke rAjA the| cUr3I kI nIravatA ke nimitta se pratibuddha hue the| 'kumbhajAtaka' meM mithilA ke nimi rAjA kA ullekha hai / vaha gavAkSa meM baiThA huA rAjapatha kI zobha nihAra rahA thaa| eka cIla mA~sa kA Tukar3A lie hue AkAza meM jA rahI thI / idhara-udhara se giddhoM ne use ghera liyaa| eka giddha ne usa mA~sa ke Tukar3e ko pakar3a liyaa| dUsarA chor3akara cala diyaa| rAjA ne dekhA - jisa pakSI ne mA~sa kA Tukar3A liyA, use duHkha sahana karanA par3A hai aura jisane mA~sa kA Tukar3A chor3A use sukha milaa| jo kAmabhogoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, use duHkha milatA hai / merI solaha hajAra patniyA~ haiN| mujhe unakA parityAga kara sukhapUrvaka rahanA caahie| nimi ne bhAvanA kI buddhi se pratyekabodhi ko prApta kiyaa| karakaNDU kaliMga ke rAjA the / ve bUr3he baila ko dekhakara pratibuddha hue| ve socane lage - 'eka dina yaha baila bachar3A thA, yuvA huaa| isameM apAra zakti thii| Aja isakI A~kheM gar3I jA rahI haiM, paira lar3akhar3A rahe haiN|' unakA mana vairAgya se bhara gayA / saMsAra kI parivartanazIlatA kA bhAna hone se vaha pratyekabuddha hue / 174 bauddha-sAhitya 175 meM bhI kaliMga rASTra ke dantapura nagara kA rAjA karakaNDU thaa| eka dina usane phaloM se lade hue Amra-vRkSa ko dekhaa| usane eka Ama todd'aa| rAjA ke sAtha jo anya vyakti the una sabhI ne AmoM ko eka-eka kara tor3a liyA / vRkSa phalahIna ho gayA / lauTate samaya rAjA ne use dekhA / usakI zobhA naSTa ho cukI thii| rAjA socane lagA- 'vRkSa phala - sahita thA, taba taka use bhaya thaa| dhanavAn ko sarvatra bhaya hotA hai| akiMcana ko kahIM bhI bhaya nhiiN|' mujhe bhI phalarahita vRkSa kI taraha honA caahie| vaha vicAroM kI tIvratA se pratyekabuddha ho gyaa| . 176 dvimukha pAMcAla ke rAjA the| ye indradhvaja ko dekhakara pratibodhita hue| bauddha - sAhitya meM bhI dumukha rAjA kA varNana hai| ve uttarapAMcAla rASTra meM kampila nagara ke adhipati the / ve bhojana se nivRtta hokara rAjAGgaNa kI zrI ko

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *61 * .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.nihAra rahe the| usI samaya gvAloM ne braja kA dvAra khola diyaa| do sA~r3oM ne kAmukatA ke adhIra hokara eka gAya kA pIchA kiyaa| donoM paraspara lar3ane lge| eka ke sIMga se dUsare sA~r3a kI A~teM bAhara nikala AIM aura vaha mara gyaa| rAjA cintana karane lagA-'sabhI prANI vikAroM ke vazIbhUta hokara kaSTa prApta karate haiN| aisA cintana karate hue vaha pratyekabodhi ko prApta ho gyaa| ___ naggati gAMdhAra kA rAjA thaa| vaha maMjarIvihIna Amra-vRkSa ko nihArakara pratyekabuddha huaa| bauddha-sAhitya meM bhI 'naggajI' nAma ke rAjA kA varNana hai| vaha gAMdhAra rASTra ke takSazilA kA adhipati thaa| usakI eka strI thii| vaha eka hAtha meM eka kaMgana pahanakara sugandhita dravya ko pIsa rahI thii| rAjA ne dekhA'eka kaMgana ke kAraNa na paraspara ragar3a hotI hai aura na dhvani hI hotI hai| usa strI ne kucha samaya ke bAda dUsare hAtha se pIsanA prArambha kiyaa| usa hAtha meM do kaMgana the| paraspara gharSaNa se zabda hone lgaa| rAjA socane lagA-'do hone se ragar3a hotI hai aura sAtha hI dhvani bhii| maiM bhI akelA ho jAU~ jisase saMgharSa nahIM hogaa|' aura vaha pratyekabuddha ho gyaa| ___ uttarAdhyayana meM jina cAra pratyekabuddhoM kA ullekha hai, vaisA hI ullekha bauddha-sAhitya meM bhI huA hai kintu vairAgya ke nimittoM meM vyatyaya hai| jaina kathA meM vairAgya kA jo nimitta naggati aura nami kA hai, vaha bauddha kathAoM meM karakaNDU aura naggajI kA hai| uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhAvRtti meM tathA anya granthoM meM ina cAra pratyekabuddhoM kI kathAe~ bahuta vistAra ke sAtha AI haiN| unameM aneka aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika tathyoM kA saMkalana hai, jabaki bauddha kathAoM meM kevala pratibuddha hone ke nimitta kA hI varNana hai| viNTaranItja kA abhimata hai-jaina aura bauddha-sAhitya meM jo pratyekabuddhoM kI kathAe~ AI haiM, ve prAcIna bhArata ke zramaNa-sAhitya kI nidhi haiN|'78 pratyekabuddhoM kA ullekha vaidika paramparA ke sAhitya meM nahIM huA hai| mahAbhArata79 meM janaka ke rUpa meM jisa vyakti kA ullekha huA hai, usakA uttarAdhyayana meM nami ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| yadyapi mUla pATha meM unake pratyekabuddha hone kA ullekha nahIM hai| yaha ullekha sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM huA hai, usake pazcAt TIkA-sAhitya meN| udAyana : eka paricaya ... 'udAyana' sindhu-sauvIra janapada ke rAjA the| inake adhIna solaha janapada, vItabhaya Adi tIna sau tiresaTha nagara aura mahAsena Adi dasa mukuTadhArI rAjA

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* 62 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana the| vaizAlI ke gaNatantra ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI udAyana kI paTarAnI thii| bhagavatIsUtra meM udAyana kA prasaMga prApta hai| udAyana kA putra abhIcakumAra nirgrantha dharma kA upAsaka thaa| rAjA udAyana ne apanA rAjya abhIcakumAra ko na dekara apane bhAnaje kezI ko diyaa| 'kezI' ko rAjya dene kA kAraNa yahI thA ki vaha rAjya meM Asakta hokara kahIM naraka na jaaye| kintu rAjya na dene ke kAraNa abhIcakumAra ke mana meM droha utpanna huaa| udAyana ko, usakI divaMgata dharmapatnI jo devI banI thI vaha svarga se Akara dharma kI preraNA pradAna karatI hai| rAjA udAyana ko dIkSA pradAna karane ke lie zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra magadha se vihAra kara sindhu-sauvIra padhArate haiN| udAyana muni utkRSTa tapa kA anuSThAna prArambha karate haiN| svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM apane Apako pUrNa rUpa se samarpita kara dete haiN| dIrgha tapasyA tathA arasa-nIrasa AhAra se unakA zarIra atyanta kRza ho cukA thA, zArIrika bala kSINa hone se rugNa rahane lge| jaba roga ne ugra rUpa dhAraNa kiyA to svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi meM vighna upasthita huaa| vaidyoM ne dahI ke prayoge kA parAmarza diyaa| rAjarSi ne dekhA-vItabhaya meM gokula kI sulabhatA hai| unhoMne vahA~ se vihAra kiyA aura vItabhaya pdhaare| rAjA kezI ko maMtriyoM ne rAjarSi ke viruddha yaha kahakara bhar3akAyA ki rAjarSi rAjya chInane ke lie Aye haiN| kezI ne rAjarSi ke zahara meM Ane kA niSedha kara diyaa| eka kumbhakAra ke ghara meM unhoMne vizrAma liyaa| rAjA kezI ne unheM maravAne ke lie AhAra meM viSa milavA diyaa| para rAnI prabhAvatI, jo devI banI thI, vaha viSa kA prabhAva kSINa karatI rhii| eka bAra devI kI anupasthiti meM viSa-mizrita AhAra rAjarSi ke pAtra meM A gyaa| ve use zAnta bhAva se khA gye| zarIra meM viSa vyApta ho gyaa| unhoMne anazana kiyA aura kevalajJAna kI unheM prApti huii| devI ke prakopa se vItabhaya nagara dhUlisAt ho gyaa|81 bauddha-sAhitya meM bhI rAjA udAyana kA varNana milatA hai| avadAna kalpalatA ke anusAra unakA nAma udrAyaNa thaa|82 divyAvadAna ke anusAra rudrAyaNa thaa|83 AvazyakacUrNi meM udAyana kA nAma udrAyaNa bhI milatA hai|84 vaha sindhu-sauvIra deza kA svAmI thaa| usakI rAjadhAnI rorUka thii| divaMgata patnI hI use dharmamArga ke lie utprerita karatI hai| udrAyaNa sindhu-sauvIra se calakara magadha pahu~catA hai| buddha use dIkSA pradAna karate haiN| dIkSita hone ke bAda ve apanI rAjadhAnI meM jAte haiM aura duSTa amAtyoM kI preraNA se unakA vadha hotA hai| bauddha dRSTi se rudrAyaNa ne apanA rAjya apane putra zikhaNDI ko sauMpA thaa| anta meM devI ke prakopa ke kAraNa rorUka dhUmisAt ho jAtA hai| vijJoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *63 * prastuta rudrAyaNa prakaraNa bauddha-sAhitya meM bAda meM AyA hai kyoMki hInayAna paramparA ke granthoM meM yaha varNana prApta nahIM hai| mahAyAnI paramparA ke tripiTaka, jo saMskRta meM haiM, unameM yaha varNana samprApta hai| DaoN. pI. ela. vaidya kA abhimata hai ki divyAvadAna kI racanA I. sana 200 se 350 taka ke madhya meM haI hai| isIlie jaina paramparA ke udAyana ko hI bauddha paramparA meM rudAyaNAvadAna ke rUpa meM parivartita kiyA hai| donoM hI paramparAoM meM eka hI vyakti dIkSita kaise ho sakatA hai ? bauddha paramparA kI apekSA jaina paramparA kA 'udAyaNa prakaraNa' adhika vizvasta hai| prastuta adhyayana meM udAyana kA kevala nAma nirdeza hI huA hai| hamane donoM hI paramparAoM ke AdhAra se saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai| kAzIrAja kA nAma nandana thA aura ve sAtaveM baladeva the| ve vArANasI ke rAjA agnizikha ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma jayantI aura laghu bhrAtA kA nAma datta thaa| _ 'vijaya' dvArakAvatI nagarI ke rAjA brahmarAja ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma subhadrA tathA laghu bhrAtA kA nAma dvipRSTha thaa| nemicandra ne uttarAdhyayanavRtti meM likhA hai-AvazyakacUrNi meM 'nandana' aura 'vijaya' inakA ullekha hai| hama usI ke anusAra unakA yahA~ para varNana de rahe haiN| yadi yahA~ para ve donoM vyakti dUsare hoM to Agama-sAhitya ke marmajJa unakI anya vyAkhyA kara sakate haiN|85 isase yaha spaSTa hai ki nemicandra ko isa sambandha meM anizcitatA thii| zAntyAcArya ne apanI TIkA meM isa sambandha meM koI cintana prastuta nahIM kiyA hai| kAzIrAja aura vijaya ke pUrva udAyana rAjA kA ullekha huA hai, jo zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM hue the| unake bAda baladevoM kA ullekha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| kyoMki prastuta adhyayana meM pahale tIrthaMkara, cakravartI aura rAjAoM ke nAma kramazaH Aye haiM, isIlie prakaraNa kI dRSTi se mahAvIra yuga ke hI ye donoM vyakti hone caahie| sthAnAMgasUtra 86 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa ATha rAjAoM ne dIkSA grahaNa kI, usameM kAzIrAja zaMkha kA bhI nAma hai| sambhava hai, kAzIrAja se zaMkha rAjA kA yahA~ abhiprAya ho| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa karane vAle rAjAoM meM vijaya nAma ke rAjA kA ullekha nahIM hai| polAsapura meM vijaya nAma ke rAjA the| unake putra atimuktakumAra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA lI, parantu unake pitA ne bhI dIkSA lI, aisA ullekha prApta nahIM hai| vijaya nAma kA eka anya rAjA bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya huA thA, jo

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*64 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana mRgagA~va nagara kA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma mRgA thaa|88 vaha dIkSita huA ho, aisA bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| isalie nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vijJoM ke lie anveSaNIya hai| ___ mahAbala rAjA kA bhI nAma isa adhyayana meM AyA hai| TIkAkAra nemicandra ne mahAbala kI kathA vistAra se uTheMkita kI hai|89 aura usakA mUla srota unhoMne bhagavatI batAyA hai|9deg mahAbala hastinApura ke rAjA bala ke putra the| unakI mAtA kA nAma prabhAvatI thaa| ve tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kI paramparA ke AcArya dharmaghoSa ke pAsa dIkSita hue the| bAraha varSa zramaNa-paryAya meM rahakara ve brahmadevaloka meM utpanna hue| vahA~ se vANijyagrAma meM zreSThI ke putra sudarzana bne| inhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kii| yaha kathA dene ke pazcAt nemicandra ne likhA hai-mahAbala yahI hai athavA anya, yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kaha skte| hamArI dRSTi se ye mahAbala anya hone caahie| yaha adhika sambhava hai ki vipAkasUtra meM Aye hue mahApura nagara kA adhipati bala kA putra mahAbala ho|'91 __ isa prakAra aThArahaveM adhyayana meM tIrthaMkara aura cakravartI rAjAoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, jo aitihAsika aura prAgaitihAsika kAla meM hue haiM aura jinhoMne sAdhanA-patha ko svIkAra kiyA thaa| inake sAtha hI dazArNa, kaliMga, pAMcAla, videha, gAMdhAra, sauvIra, kAzI Adi janapadoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| sAtha hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga meM pracalita kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda, ajJAnavAda Adi vAdoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| aThArahaveM adhyayana meM isa taraha pracura sAmagrI rahI huI hai| unnIsaveM adhyayana meM mRgA rAnI ke putra kA varNana hone se adhyayana kA nAma 'mRgAputra' rakhA gayA hai| eka bAra mahArAniyoM ke sAtha Ananda-krIr3A karate hue mRgAputra nagara kI saundarya-suSamA nihAra rahe the| unakI dRSTi rAjamArga para calate hue eka tejasvI muni para girii| ve TakaTakI lagAkara maMtramugdha se unheM dekhate rhe| mRgAputra ko sahaja smRti ho AI-'maiM bhI pUrva-janma meM aisA hI sAdhu thaa|' unheM bhoga bandhanarUpa pratIta hue| saMsAra meM rahanA unheM aba asahya ho gyaa| mAtA-pitA ne zrAmaNya-jIvana kI kaThoratA samajhAI-"vatsa ! zrAmaNya-jIvana kA mArga phUloM kA nahIM kA~ToM kA hai| naMge pairoM, jalatI huI Aga para calane ke sadRza hai| sAdhu honA lohe ke java cabAnA hai, dahakatI jvAlAoM ko pInA hai,

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 65 kapar3e ke thaile ko havA se bharanA hai, meru parvata ko tarAjU para rakhakara tolanA hai, mahAsamudra ko bhujAoM dvArA tairanA hai| itanA hI nahIM talavAra kI dhAra para naMge pairoM se calanA hai| isa ugra zramaNa jIvana ko dhIra, vIra, gambhIra sAdhaka hI pAra kara sakatA hai| tuma to bahuta hI sukumAla ho / isa kaThora zramaNacaryA kA kaise pAlana kara sakoge ?" uttara meM mRgAputra ne narakoM kI dAruNa vedanA kA citraNa prastuta 'kiyaa| narakoM meM isa jIva ne kitanI hI asahya vedanAoM ko sahana kiyA hai / anta meM mAtA-pitA kahate haiM-" rugNa hone para vahA~ kauna cikitsA karegA ?" mRgAputra ne kahA- "jaba jaMgala meM pazu rugNa hote haiM, unakI kauna cikitsA karatA hai ? ve pahale kI taraha hI svastha ho jAte haiN| vaise hI maiM bhI pUrNa svastha ho jaauuNgaa|" anta meM mAtA - pitA kI anumati se mRgAputra ne saMyama grahaNa kiyA aura pavitra zrAmaNya-jIvana kA pAlana kara siddhi ko varaNa kiyaa| prastuta adhyayana meM AI eka gAthA kI tulanA bauddha grantha 'mahAvagga' meM AI huI gAthA se kara sakate haiM - dekhiye " jammaM dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM, rogA ya maraNANi y| aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jattha kIsanti jantavo // " -uttarAdhyayana 19/15 tulanA kIjie " jAtipi dukkhA, jarApi dukkhA / vyAdhipi dukkhA, maraNaMpi dukkhaM // " - mahAvagga 1/6/19 nirgrantha : eka cintana bIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'mahAnirgranthIya' hai| jaina zramaNoM kA Agamika prAcIna nAma nirgrantha hai / AcArya agastyasiMha ne likhA hai-grantha kA artha bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha hai| jo usa grantha se pUrNatayA mukta hotA hai, vaha nirgrantha hai / 192 nirgrantha kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai - jo rAga-dveSa se rahita hone ke kAraNa ekAkI hai, buddha hai, Azrayarahita hai, saMyata hai, samitiyoM se yukta hai, susamAhita hai, AtmavAda kA jJAtA hai, vijJa hai, bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM prakAra ke srota jisake chinna ho cuke haiM, jo pUjA - satkAra, lAbha kA arthI ( icchuka ) nahIM hai, kevala dharmArthI hai, dharmavid hai, mokSamArga kI ora cala par3A hai, sAmyabhAva kA AcaraNa karatA hai, dAnta hai, bandhanamukta hone ke yogya hai, vaha

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* 66 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana nirgrantha hai|93 AcArya umAsvAti ne likhA hai-jo karmagranthi ke vijaya ke lie prayAsa karatA hai, vaha nirgrantha hai|94 / / prastuta adhyayana meM mahAnirgrantha anAtha muni kA varNana hone se isakA nAma 'mahAnirgranthIya' rakhA gayA hai| samrATa zreNika ne muni ke divya aura bhavya rUpa ko nihArakara prazna kiyA-"yaha mahAmuni kauna haiM aura kyoM zramaNa bane haiM ?" muni ne uttara meM apane Apako 'anAtha' btaayaa| anAtha zabda sunakara rAjA zreNika atyanta vismita huaa| isa rUpa-lAvaNya ke dhanI kA anAtha honA use samajha meM nahIM aayaa| muni ne anAtha zabda kI vistAra se vyAkhyA prastuta kii| rAjA ne pahalI bAra sanAtha aura anAtha kA rahasya smjhaa| usake jJAna-cakSu khula gye| usane nivedana kiyA-"maiM Apase dharma kA anuzAsana cAhatA huuN|" rAjA zreNika ko muni ne samyaktva dIkSA pradAna kii| ... prastuta Agama meM muni ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai para prasaMga se yahI nAma phalita hotA hai| dIghanikAya meM 'maNDIkukSi' ke nAma para 'maddakucchi' yaha nAma diyA hai|95 DaoN. rAdhAkumuda banarjI ne maNDIkukSi udyAna meM rAjA zreNika ke dharmAnurakta hone kI bAta likhI hai|96 sAtha hI prastuta adhyayana kI 58vIM gAthA meM 'aNagArasiMha' zabda vyavahRta huA hai| usa zabda ke AdhAra se ve aNagArasiMha se bhagavAna mahAvIra ko grahaNa karate haiM para unakA yaha mAnanA satya-tathya se pare hai| kyoMki prastuta adhyayana meM muni ne apanA paricaya dete hue apane ko kauzAmbI kA nivAsI batAyA hai| samrAT zreNika kA paricaya hamane anya AgamoM kI prastAvanA meM vistAra se diyA hai, isalie yahA~ vistRta rUpa se usakI carcA nahIM kI jA rahI hai| prastuta adhyayana meM AI huI kucha gAthAoM kI tulanA dhammapada, gItA aura muNDakopaniSad Adi se kI jA sakatI hai "appA naI veyaraNI, appA me kuuddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhA gheNU, appA me nandaNaM vnnN|| appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa y| appA mittamamittaM ca, duppttttiysupddhio||" -uttarAdhyayana 20/36-37 tulanA kIjie "attA hi attano nAtho, ko hi nAtho paro siyaa| attanA va sudantena, nAthaM labhati dullbhN||

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 67 * - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . attanA va kataM pApaM, attajaM attasambhavaM / abhimanthati dummedhaM, vajiraM vasmamayaM mnniN|| attanA va kataM pApaM, attanA sNkilissti| attanA akataM pApaM, attanA va visujjhti||" -dhammapada 12/4-5, 9 "na taM arI kaNThachettA karei, jaM se kare appaNiyA durppaa| se nAhiI maccumuhaM tu patte, pacchANutAveNa dyaavihuunne||" -uttarAdhyayana 20/48 tulanA kIjie "diso disaM yaM taM kayirA, verI vA panaM vairinN| micchApaNihitaM cittaM, pApiyo naM tato kre||" -dhammapada 3/10 "duvihaM khadeUNa ya puNNapAvaM, niraMgaNe savvao visspmukke| tarittA samudaM va mahAbhavoghaM, samuddapAle apuNAgamaM ge||" -uttarAdhyayana 20/4 tulanA kIjie "yadA pazyaH pazyate rukmavarNa, kartAramIzaM puruSaM brhmyonim| tadA vidvAn puNyapApe vidhUya, niraJjanaM paramaM saamymupaiti||" -muNDakopaniSad 3/1/3 isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana meM cintana kI vipula sAmagrI hai| isameM yaha bhI pradarzita kiyA gayA hai ki dravyaliMga ko dhAraNa karane mAtra se lakSya kI prApti nahIM hotii| yaha bhAva gAthA ikatAlIsa se pacAsa taka meM pradarzita kiye gaye haiN| unakI tulanA suttanipAta-mahAvagga pavajjA sutta se sahaja rUpa se kI jA sakatI hai| samudra-yAtrA _ikkIsaveM adhyayana meM samudrapAla kA varNana hai| isalie vaha 'samudrapAlIya' nAma se vizruta hai| isa adhyayana meM samudra-yAtrA kA mahattvapUrNa ullekha hai| usa yuga meM bhArata ke sAhasI vyApArI vyApAra hetu dUra-dUra taka jAte the| atItakAla se hI naukAoM ke dvArA vyApAra karane kI paramparA bhArata meM thii| Rgveda meM isa prakAra kI naukAoM kA varNana hai, jo samudra meM calatI thiiN| nAvikoM ke dvArA samudra meM bahuta dUra jAne para mArga vismRta ho jAne para ve pUSA kI saMstuti karate the jisase surakSita lauTa skeN|

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. . * 68 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ___ bauddha jAtaka-sAhitya meM aise jahAjoM kA varNana hai jinameM pA~ca sau vyApArI eka sAtha yAtrA karate the|98 vinayapiTaka meM 'pUrNa' nAma ke eka vyApArI kA ullekha hai jisane chaha bAra samudra-yAtrA kI thii| saMyuktanikAya,99 aMguttaranikAya200 meM varNana hai ki chaha-chaha mAsa taka naukAoM dvArA samudra-yAtrA kI jAtI thii| dIghanikAya201 meM yaha bhI varNana hai mi samudra-yAtrA karane vAle vyApArI apane sAtha kucha pakSI rakhate the| jaba jahAja samudra meM bahuta dUra pahu~ca jAtA aura AsapAsa meM kahIM para bhI bhUmi dikhAI nahIM detI taba una pakSiyoM ko AkAza meM chor3a diyA jaataa| yadi TApU kahIM sannikaTa hotA to ve pakSI lauTakara nahIM Ate aura dUra hone para ve punaH idhara-udhara AkAza meM cakkara lagAkara A jAte the| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne jalapotoM kA nirmANa kiyA thaa|202 jaina-sAhitya meM jalapattana ke aneka ullekha milate haiN|203 sUtrakRtAMga,204 uttarAdhyayana205 Adi Agama-sAhitya meM kaThina kArya kI tulanA samudra-yAtrA se kI hai| vastutaH usa yuga meM samudra-yAtrA atyadhika kaThina thii| sUtrakRtAMga206 meM lepa nAmaka gAthApati kA ullekha hai, jisake pAsa aneka yAna the| siMhaladvIpa, jAvA, sumAtrA prabhRti sthaloM para aneka vyApArIgaNa jAyA karate the| jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra 207 meM jinapAlita aura jinarakSita gAthApati kA varNana hai, jinhoMne bAraha bAra samudra-yAtrA kI thii| araNaka zrAvaka Adi ke yAtrA-varNana bhI jJAtAdharmakathA meM haiN|208 vyApArIgaNa svayaM ke yAnapAtra bhI rakhate the, jo eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka mAla lekara jAte the| usameM svarNa, supArI Adi aneka vastue~ hotI thiiN| usa samaya bhArata meM svarNa atyadhika mAtrA meM thA, jisakA niryAta dUsare dezoM meM hotA thaa| isa prakAra sAmudrika vyApAra bahuta unnata avasthA meM thaa| isa adhyayana meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki usa yuga meM jo vyakti taskara-kRtya karatA thA, usako ugra daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| vadha-bhUmi meM le jAkara vadha kiyA jAtA thaa| vaha lAla vastroM se AveSTita hotA, usake gale meM lAla kanera kI mAlA hotI, jisase darzakoM ko patA laga jAtA ki isane aparAdha kiyA hai| vaha kaThora daNDa isaliye diyA jAtA ki anya vyakti isa prakAra ke aparAdha karane kA dussAhasa na kreN| taskaroM kI taraha durAcAriyoM ko bhI ziromuNDana, tarjana, tADana, liGgacchedana, nirvAsana aura mRtyu prabhRti vividha daNDa diye jAte the| sUtrakRtAMga,209 nizIthacUrNi,21deg manusmRti,211 yAjJavalkyasmRti212 Adi

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 69 meM vistAra se isa viSaya kA nirUpaNa hai / prastuta adhyayana meM usa yuga kI rAjya-vyavasthA kA bhI ullekha hai| bhArata meM usa samaya aneka choTe-moTe rAjya the| unameM paraspara saMgharSa bhI hotA thA / ataH muni ko usa samaya sAvadhAnI se eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAne kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai| ariSTanemi aura rAjImatI bAIsaveM adhyayana meM andhaka -kula ke netA samudravijaya ke putra rathanemi kA vRttAnta hai / rathanemi ariSTanemi arhat ke laghu bhrAtA the / rAjImatI, jinakA vaivAhika sambandha ariSTanemi se taya huA thA kintu vivAha ke kucha samaya pUrva hI ariSTanemi ko vairAgya ho gayA aura ve muni bana gaye / ariSTanemi ke pravrajita hone ke pazcAt rathanemi rAjImatI para Asakta ho gaye / kintu rAjImatI kA upadeza zravaNa kara rathanemi pravrajita hue| eka bAra punaH raivataka parvata para varSA se pratAr3ita sAdhvI rAjImatI ko eka guphA meM vastra sukhAte samaya nagna avasthA meM dekhakara rathanemi vicalita ho gaye / rAjImatI ke upadeza se ve punaH sa~bhale aura apane duSkRtya para pazcAttApa karate haiM / 213 jaina - sAhitya ke anusAra rAjImatI ugrasena kI putrI thI / viSNupurANa ke anusAra ugrasena kI cAra putriyA~ thIM - kaMsA, kaMsavatI, sutanu aura rASTrapAlI isa nAmAvalI meM rAjImatI kA nAma nahIM AyA hai| yaha bahuta kucha sambhava hai - sutanu hI rAjImatI kA aparanAma rahA ho| kyoMki prastuta adhyayana kI 37vIM gAthA meM rathanemi rAjImatI ko 'sutanu' nAma se sambodhita karate haiN| prastuta adhyayana meM andhakavRSNi zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra yaduvaMza kA udbhava harivaMza se huA hai / yaduvaMza meM narapati nAma kA eka rAjA thaa| usake zUra aura suvIra ye do putra the / suvIra ko mathurA kA rAjya diyA gayA aura zUra ko zauryapura kA / andhakavRSNi Adi zUra ke putra the aura bhojakavRSNi Adi suvIra ke putra the / andhakavRSNi kI pramukha rAnI kA nAma subhadrA thaa| unake dasa putra hue, jo nimnalikhita haiM(1) samudravijaya, (2) akSobhya, (3) stamitasAgara, (4) himavAn, (5) vijaya, ( 6 ) acala, (7) dhAraNa, (8) pUraNa, (9) abhicandra, tathA (10) vsudev| ye dasoM putra dazArha ke nAma se vizruta haiM / andhakavRSNi kI (1) kuntI, tathA (2) madrI / ye do putriyA~ thIM / bhojakavRSNi kI mukhya patnI

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* 70 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana padmAvatI thii| usake ugrasena, mahAsena aura devasena ye tIna putra hue|214 uttarapurANa meM devasena ke sthAna para mahAdyutisena nAma AyA hai| unake eka putrI bhI thI, jisakA nAma gAMdhArI thaa| andhaka-kula ke netA samudravijaya ke ariSTanemi, rathanemi, satyanemi aura dRr3hanemi ye cAra putra the| vAsudeva zrIkRSNa Adi aMdhakavRSNi-kula ke netA vasudeva ke putra the| vaidika-sAhitya meM inakI vaMzAvalI pRthak rUpa se milatI hai|216 isa adhyayana meM bhoja, andhaka aura vRSNi ina tIna kuloM kA ullekha huA hai| bhojarAja zabda rAjImatI ke pitA samudravijaya ke lie prayukta huA hai| vAsadeva zrIkRSNa kA ariSTanemi ke sAtha atyanta nikaTa kA sambandha thaa| ve ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI the| unhoMne rAjImatI ko dIkSA grahaNa karate samaya jo AzIrvAda diyA thA vaha aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai aura sAtha hI zrIkRSNa ke hRdaya kI dhArmika bhAvanA kA bhI pratIka hai| vaha AzIrvAda isa prakAra se hai ___"saMsArasAgaraM ghoraM, tara kanne ! lahuM lhuN|" arthAt he kanye ! tU ghora saMsAra-sAgara ko zIghratA se pAra kr|17 isa adhyayana kI sabase bar3I mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki pathabhraSTa puruSa ko nArI sahI mArga para lAtI hai| usakA nArAyaNI rUpa isameM ujAgara huA hai| nArI vAsanA kI dAsa nahIM, kintu upAsanA kI ora bar3hane vAlI preraNA kI srota bhI hai| jaba vaha sAdhanA ke patha para bar3hatI hai to usake kadama Age se Age bar3hate hI cale jAte haiN| vaha apane lakSya para bar3hanA bhI jAnatI hai| samasyAe~ aura samAdhAna tevIsaveM adhyayana meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke tejasvI nakSatra kezIkumAra zramaNa aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya gaNadhara gautama kA aitihAsika saMvAda hai| bhagavAna pArzva tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 'puruSAdAnIya' zabda kA prayoga pArzvanAtha ke lie kiyA hai| yaha unake prati Adara kA sUcaka hai| bhagavAna pArzva ke hajAroM ziSya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya vidyamAna the| bhagavatI meM 'kAlAsyavaizika' anagAra,218 'gAMgeya' anagAra219 tathA anya aneka sthavira220 aura sUtrakRtAMga221 meM 'udakapeDhAla' Adi pArzvapatya zramaNoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana ko svIkAra kiyA thaa| prastuta adhyayana meM pAzrvApatya zramaNoM meM aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zramaNoM meM jina bAtoM ko lekara antara thA, usakA nirUpaNa hai| yaha nirUpaNa aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta

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-.-.-.-.-... uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *71 * .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.hI mahattvapUrNa hai| isa antara kA mUla kAraNa bhI gaNadhara gautama ne kezIkumAra zramaNa ko batAyA hai| prathama tIrthaMkara ke zramaNa Rju aura jar3a the| antima tIrthaMkara ke zramaNa vakra aura jar3a hote haiM aura madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke zramaNa Rju aura prAjJa the| prathama tIrthaMkara ke zramaNoM ke lie AcAra ko pUrNa rUpa se samajha pAnA kaThina thaa| carama tIrthaMkara ke zramaNoM ke lie AcAra kA pAlana karanA kaThina hai| kintu madhyavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke zramaNa use yathAvat samajhane aura saralatA se usakA pAlana karate the| inhIM kAraNoM se AcAra ke do rUpa hue haiM-cAturyAma dharma aura paMcayAma dhrm| kezI zramaNa kI isa jijJAsA para ki eka hI prayojana ke lie abhiniSkramaNa karane vAle zramaNoM ke veza meM yaha vicitratA kyoM hai? eka raMga-biraMge bahumUlya vastroM ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura eka alpa mUlya vAle zveta vastradhArI haiN| gaNadhara gautama ne samAdhAna karate hue kahA-mokSa kI sAdhanA kA mUla jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hai| veza to bAhya upakaraNa hai, jisase logoM ko yaha jJAta ho sake ki ye sAdhu haiN| 'maiM sAdhu huuN|' isa prakAra dhyAna rakhane ke lie hI veza hai| sacela paramparA ke sthAna para acela paramparA kA yahI uddezya hai| yahA~ para acela kA artha alpa vastra hai| bhagavAna pArzva ke cAturyAmadharma meM brahmacarya aura aparigraha zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| vahA~ para bAhya vastuoM kI anAsakti ko vyakta karane vAlA 'bahiddhAdANa-viramaNa-bahistAt AdAna-viramaNa' zabda hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne usake sthAna para brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina do zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| brahmacarya zabda vaidika-sAhitya meM vyavahRta thA para mahAvrata ke rUpa meM 'brahmacarya' zabda kA prayoga bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kiyaa| vaidika-sAhitya meM isake pUrva brahmacarya zabda kA prayoga mahAvrata ke rUpa meM nahIM huaa| isI taraha aparigraha zabda kA prayoga bhI mahAvrata ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama aitihAsika kAla meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hI kiyA hai| jAbAlopaniSad,222 nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad,223 tejobindUpaniSad,224 yAjJavalkyopaniSad,225 AruNikopaniSad,226 gItA,227 yogasUtra228 Adi granthoM meM aparigraha zabda kA prayoga huA hai kintu ve sAre grantha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda ke haiM, aisA aitihAsika manISiyoM kA mata hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI granthoM meM 'aparigraha' zabda kA prayoga mahAn vrata ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai| ___ DaoN. harmana jaikobI ne likhA hai-jainoM ne apane vrata brAhmaNoM se udhAra lie haiN|229 unakA yaha mantavya hai-brAhmaNa saMnyAsI ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, santoSa

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* 72 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana aura muktatA ina vratoM kA pAlana karate the| unhIM kA anusaraNa jainiyoM ne kiyA hai| DaoN. jaikobI kI prastuta kalpanA kevala nirAdhAra kalpanA hI hai| usakA vAstavika aura Thosa AdhAra nahIM hai| brAhmaNa paramparA meM pahale vrata nahIM the| bodhAyana Adi meM jo nirUpaNa hai vaha bahuta hI bAda kA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhagavAna pArzva ke samaya vrata-vayavasthA thii| vahI vrata-vyavasthA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vikasita kI thii| tathAgata buddha ne use aSTAGgika mArga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA aura yogadarzana meM yama-niyamoM ke rUpa meM use grahaNa kiyA gyaa| gA~dhIjI ke Azramadharma kA AdhAra bhI vahI hai| aisA dharmAnanda kauzAmbI kA bhI abhimata hai|230 DaoN. rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara231 kA mantavya hai-hindUtva aura jainadharma paraspara meM ghula-milakara itane ekAkAra ho gaye haiM ki Aja kA sAmAnya hindU yaha jAnatA bhI nahIM hai ki ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha jainadharma ke upadeza the na ki hindUtva ke| Adhunika anusandhAna se yaha spaSTa ho cukA hai ki vratoM kI paramparA kA mUla srota zramaNa-saMskRti hai|232 __ isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana meM yuga-yuga ke saghana saMzaya aura ulajhe hue vikalpoM kA sahI samAdhAna hai| isa saMvAda meM samatva kI pradhAnatA hai| isa prakAra ke parisaMvAdoM se hI satya-tathya ujAgara hotA hai, zruta aura zIla kA samutkarSa hotA hai| isa adhyayana meM Atma-vijaya aura mana kA anuzAsana karane ke lie jo upAya pradarzita kiye gaye haiM, ve Adhunika tanAva ke yuga meM parama upayogI haiN| caMcala mana ko ekAgra karane ke lie dharmazikSA Avazyaka banAI hai|233 vahI bAta gItAkAra ne bhI kahI hai-mana ko vaza meM karane ke lie abhyAsa aura vairAgya Avazyaka hai|234 AcArya pataMjali kA bhI yahI abhimata rahA hai|35 pravacana-mAtAe~ caubIsaveM adhyayana kA nAma 'samiIo' hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM yaha nAma prApta hai|236 uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM prastuta adhyayana kA nAma 'pravacana-mAta' yA 'pravacana-mAtA' milatA hai|37 samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna ko 'pravacana' kahA jAtA hai| usakI rakSA hetu pA~ca samitiyA~ aura tIna guptiyA~ mAtA ke sadRza haiN| ye pravacana-mAtAe~ cAritrarUpA haiN| dvAdazAMgI meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA hI vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| isaliye dvAdazAMgI pravacana-mAtA kA hI virATa rUpa hai| laukika jIvana meM mA~ kI mahimA vizruta hai| vaha zizu ke jIvana ke saMvardhana ke sAtha hI saMskAroM kA siMcana karatI hai| vaise hI AdhyAtmika jIvana meM ye

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *73 * --.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. pravacana-mAtAe~ jagadambA ke rUpa meM haiN| isaliye bhI inheM pravacana-mAtA kahA hai|38 prasava aura samAnA ina donoM arthoM meM mAtA zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai| bhagavAna jagat-pitAmaha ke rUpa meM hai|39 AtmA ke ananta AdhyAtmika sadguNoM ko vikasita karane vAlI ye pravacana-mAtAe~ haiN| pratikramaNasUtra ke vRttikAra AcArya nami240 ne samiti kI vyutpatti karate hue likhA hai ki prANAtipAta prabhRti pApoM se nivRtta rahane ke liye prazasta ekAgratApUrvaka kI jAne vAlI Agamokta samyak pravRtti samiti hai| sAdhaka kA azubha yogoM se sarvathA nivRtta honA gupti hai| AcArya umAsvAti jI241 ne bhI likhA hai-mana, vacana aura kAya ke yogoM kA jo prazasta nigraha hai, vaha gupti hai| ___ AcArya zivArya ne likhA hai ki jisa yoddhA ne sudRr3ha kavaca dhAraNa kara rakhA ho, usa para tIkSNa bANoM kI varSA ho to bhI ve tIkSNa bANa use bIMdha nahIM skte| vaise hI samitiyoM kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karane vAlA zramaNa-jIvana ke vividha kAryoM meM pravRtta hotA huA pApoM se nirlipta rahatA hai|42 jo zramaNa Agama ke rahasya ko nahIM jAnatA kintu pravacana-mAtA ko samyak prakAra se jAnatA hai, vaha svayaM kA bhI kalyANa karatA hai aura dUsaroM kA bhii| zramaNoM ke AcAra kA prathama aura anivArya aMga pravacana-mAtA hai, jisake mAdhyama se zrAmaNyadharma kA vizuddha rUpa se pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM samitiyoM aura guptiyoM kA samyak nirUpaNa huA hai| brAhmaNa ___ paccIsaveM adhyayana meM yajJa kA nirUpaNa hai| yajJa vaidika saMskRti kA kendra hai| pApoM kA nAza, zatruoM kA saMhAra, vipattiyoM kA nivAraNa, rAkSasoM kA vidhvaMsa, vyAdhiyoM kA parihAra, ina sabakI saphalatA ke liye yajJa Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| kyA dIrghAyu, kyA samRddhi, kyA amaratva kA sAdhana sabhI yajJa se upalabdha hote haiN| Rgveda meM RSi ne kahA-yajJa isa utpanna hone vAle saMsAra kI nAbhi hai| utpatti-pradhAna hai| deva tathA RSi yajJa se samutpanna hue| yajJa se hI grAma aura araNya ke pazuoM kI sRSTi huii| azva, gAe~, bher3eM, aja, veda Adi kA nirmANa bhI yajJa ke kAraNa hI huaa| yajJa hI devoM kA prathama dharma thaa|243 isa prakAra brAhmaNa paramparA yajJa ke cAroM ora cakkara lagA rahI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya sabhI vijJa brAhmaNagaNa yajJa-kArya meM juTe hue the| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aura unake saMgha ke anya zramaNoM ne 'vAstavika yajJa kyA hai tathA saccA brAhmaNa

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* 74 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana kauna hai?' isa sambandha meM apanA cintana prastuta kiyaa| jisa yajJa meM jIvoM kI virAdhanA hotI hai usa yajJa kA bhagavAna ne niSedha kiyA hai| jisameM tapa aura saMyama kA anuSThAna hotA hai vaha bhAva yajJa hai| brAhmaNa zabda kI, jo jAtivAcaka bana cukA thA, yathArtha vyAkhyA prastuta adhyayana meM kI gaI hai| jAtivAda para karArI coTa hai| mAnava janma se zreSTha nahIM, karma se zreSTha banatA hai| janma se brAhmaNa nahIM, karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai| muNDita hone mAtra se koI zramaNa nahIM hotaa| oMkAra kA jApa karane mAtra se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotaa| araNya meM rahane mAtra se muni nahIM hotaa| darbha, valkala Adi dhAraNa karane mAtra se koI tApasa nahIM ho jaataa| samabhAva se zramaNa hotA hai| brahmacarya ke pAlana se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni evaM tapasyA se tApasa hotA hai| jisa prakAra prastuta adhyayana meM brAhmaNa kI paribhASA kI gaI hai, usI prakAra kI paribhASA dhammapada meM bhI prApta hotI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta adhyayana kI kucha gAthAoM ke sAtha dhammapada kI gAthAoM kI tulanA kareM "tasapANe viyANettA, saMgaheNa ya thaavre| jo na hiMsai tiviheNaM, taM vayaM bUma maahnnN||" -uttarAdhyayana 25/22 tulanA kIjie "nidhAya daMDaM bhUtesu, tasesu thAvaresu c| yo hanti na ghAteti, tamahaM brUmi braahmnnN||" -dhammapada 26/23 "kohA vA jai vA hAsA, lohA vA jai vA bhyaa| musaM na vayaI jo u, taM vayaM bUma maahnnN||" -uttarAdhyayana 25/23 tulanA kIjiye "akakkasaM vijJApani, giraM sacaM udiirye| yAya nAbhisaje kaMci, tamahaM brUmi braahmnnN||" -dhammapada 26/26 "jahA pommaM jale jAyaM, novalippaI vaarinnaa| evaM alitto kAmehiM, taM vayaM brUma maahnnN||" -uttarAdhyayana 25/26

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 75 * tulanA kIjiye "vAripokkharapatte va, Araggeriva saaspo| yo na limpati kAmesu, tamahaM brUmi braahmnnN||" -dhammapada 26/19 "na vi muNDieNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa bmbhnno| na muNI raNNavAseNaM, kusacIreNa na taavso||" -uttarAdhyayana 25/29 tulanA kIjiye "na muNDakeNa samaNo, abbato alikaM bhnnN| icchAlobhasamApano, samaNo kiM bhvissti|| na tena bhikkhu so hoti, yAvatA bhikkhate pre| vissaM dhamma samAdAya, bhikkhu hoti na taavtaa||" -dhammapada 19/9, 11 "na jaTAhi na gottehi, na jacA hoti braahmnno| maunAddhi sa munirbhavatI, naarnnyvsnaanmuniH||" -udyogaparva 43/35 "samayAe samaNo hoi, bambhacereNa bmbhnno| nANeNa ya muNI hoi, taveNaM hoi taavso|| kammuNA bambhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khttio| vaisso kammuNA hoi, sudo havai kmmunnaa||"-uttraadhyyn 25/30-31 tulanA kIjiye ......................... -dhammapada 19/10 samitattA hi pApAnaM, samaNo ti pvuccti||" "pApAni parivajeti, sa munI tena so munii| yo munAti ubho loke, munI tena pvuccti||" -vahI 19/14 "na jacA brAhmaNo hoti, na jacA hoti abraahmnno| kammunA brAhmaNo hoti, kammunA hoti abraahmnno|| kassako kammunA hoti, sippiko hoti kmmunaa| vANijo kammunA hoti, pessiko hoti kmmunaa||" -suttanipAta, mahAparva 9/57-58 "na jaccA vasalo hoti, na jaccA hoti braahmnno| kammunA basalo hoti, kammunA hoti braahmnno||" -suttanipAta, ura. 7/21, 27

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* 76 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana samAcArI : eka vizleSaNa chabbIsaveM adhyayana meM samAcArI kA nirUpaNa hai| samAcArI jaina-saMskRti kA pAribhASika zabda hai| ziSTajanoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA kriyA-kalApa samAcArI hai|244 uttarAdhyayana meM hI nahIM, bhagavatI,245 sthAnAMga246 Adi anya AgamoM meM bhI samAcArI kA varNana milatA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI samAcArI para cintana kiyA gayA hai| dRSTivAda ke nauveM pUrva kI AcAra nAmaka tRtIya vastu ke bIsaveM ogha prAbhRta meM samAcArI ke sambandha meM bahuta hI vistAra ke sAtha nirUpaNa thaa| para vaha varNana sabhI zramaNoM ke lie sambhava nahIM thaa| jo mahAn medhAvI santa hote the, unakA adhyayana karate the| ataH Agama-marmajJa AcAryoM ne sabhI santoM ke lAbhArtha oghaniryakti Adi granthoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| pravacanasAroddhAra, dharmasaMgraha Adi uttaravartI granthoM meM bhI samAcArI kA nirUpaNa hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne samAcArI-prakaraNa nAmaka svataMtra grantha kI racanA kI hai| zramaNAcAra ke vRttAtmaka AcAra aura vyavahArAtmaka AcAra ye do bheda haiN| mahAvrata vRttAtmaka AcAra hai aura vyavahArAtmaka AcAra samAcArI hai| samAcArI ke ogha samAcArI aura pada-vibhAga samAcArI ye do bheda haiN| prathama samAcArI kA antarbhAva dharmakathAnayoga meM aura dUsarI samAcArI kA antarbhAva caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM kiyA gayA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM samAcArI ke oghasamAcArI, dazavidha-samAcArI aura pada-vibhAga-samAcArI ye tIna prakAra batalAe haiN| ogha-samAcArI kA pratipAdana oghaniyukti meM kiyA gayA hai aura pada-vibhAga-samAcArI chedasUtra meM varNita hai| digambara granthoM meM samAcArI ke sthAna para 'samAcAra' aura 'sAmAcAra' ye do zabda Aye haiN| AcArya vaTTekara ne usake cAra artha kiye haiM-(1) samatA kA AcAra, (2) samyak AcAra, (3) sama AcAra, tathA (4) samAna aacaar|297 zramaNa-jIvana meM dina-rAta meM jitanI bhI pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM, ve sabhI samAcArI ke antargata haiN| samAcArI saMghIya jIvana jIne kI zreSThatama kalA hai| samAcArI se paraspara ekatA kI bhAvanA vikasita hotI hai, jisase saMgha ko bala prApta hotA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM dazavidha ogha-samAcArI kA nirUpaNa huA hai| isa sambandha meM hamane vistAra ke sAtha "jaina AcAra : siddhAnta aura svarUpa" grantha meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai|248 vizeSa jijJAsu vahA~ dekha sakate haiN|

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 77* anuzAsanahInatA kA pratIka : avinaya sattAIsaveM adhyayana meM duSTa baila kI uddaNDatA ke mAdhyama se avinIta ziSya kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| saMgha-vyavasthA ke lie anuzAsana Avazyaka hai| vinaya anuzAsana kA aMga hai to avinaya anuzAsanahInatA kA pratIka hai| jo sAdhaka anuzAsana kI upekSA karatA hai vaha apane jIvana ko mahAn nahIM banA sktaa| gargagotrIya gArgya muni eka viziSTa AcArya the, yogya guru the kintu unake ziSya uddaNDa, avinIta aura svacchanda the| una ziSyoM ke abhadra vyavahAra se samatva-sAdhanA meM vighna upasthita hotA huA dekhakara AcArya gArgya unheM chor3akara ekAkI cala diye| anuzAsanahInatA avinIta ziSya duSTa baila kI bhA~ti hotA hai jo gAr3I ko tor3a detA hai aura svAmI ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai| isI taraha avinIta ziSya AcArya aura gurujanoM ko kaSTadAyaka hotA hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM avinIta ziSya ke lie daMza-mazaka, jalokA, vRzcika prabhRti vividha upamAoM se alaMkRta kiyA hai| isa adhyayana meM jo varNana hai vaha prathama adhyayana 'vinayazruta' kA hI pUraka hai| prastuta adhyayana kI nimna gAthA kI tulanA bauddha grantha kI theragAthA se kI jA sakatI hai "khalukA jArisA jojA, dussIsA vi hu taarisaa| joiyA dhammajANammi, bhanjanti dhiidubblaa||" -uttarAdhyayana 27/8 tulanA kIjie "te tathA sikkhittA bAlA, ajmjmgaarvaa| nAdayissanti upajjhAye, khaluMko viya saarthiN||" -theragAthA 979 mokSamArga : eka parizIlana ___ aTThAIsaveM adhyayana meM mokSamArgagati kA nirUpaNa huA hai| mokSa prApya hai aura usakI prApti kA upAya mArga hai| prApti kA upAya jaba taka nahIM milatA taba taka prApya prApta nahIM hotaa| jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ye mokSa-prApti ke sAdhana haiN| ina sAdhanoM kI paripUrNatA hI mokSa hai| jaina AcAryoM ne tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM karake paravartI-sAhitya meM trividha sAdhanA kA mArga pratipAdita kiyA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne samyagk darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra ko mokSamArga kahA hai|49 AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra aura niyamasAra meM,

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* 78 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-.-.-.-:-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.AcArya amRtacandra puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM, AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM trividha sAdhanAmArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| bauddhadarzana meM bhI zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| gItA meM bhI jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga isa trividha sAdhanA kA ullekha huA hai| jaise jainadharma meM tapa kA svatantra vivecana hone para bhI use samyak cAritra ke antarbhUta mAnA gayA hai vaise hI gItA ke dhyAnayoga ko karmayoga meM sammilita kara liyA gayA hai| isI prakAra pazcima meM bhI trividha sAdhanA aura sAdhanA-patha kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| svayaM ko jAno (Know Thyself), svayaM ko svIkAra karo (Accept Thyself), svayaM hI bana jAo (Be Thyself) ye pAzcAtya paramparA meM tIna naitika Adeza upalabdha hote haiN|250 prastuta adhyayana meM kahA hai-darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA aura jisameM jJAna nahIM hotA, usakA AcaraNa samyak nahIM hotaa| samyak AcaraNa ke abhAva meM Asakti se mukta nahIM banA jAtA aura binA Asakti-mukta bane mukti nahIM hotii| isa dRSTi se nirvANa-prApti kA mUla jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI paripUrNatA hai| kitane hI AcArya darzana ko prAthamikatA dete haiM to kitane hI AcArya jJAna ko| gaharAI se cintana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki darzana ke binA jJAna samyak nahIM hotaa| AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI pahale darzana aura usake bAda jJAna ko sthAna diyA hai| jaba taka dRSTikoNa yathArtha na ho taba taka sAdhanA kI sahI dizA kA bhAna nahIM hotA aura usake binA lakSya taka nahIM pahuMcA jA sktaa| suttanipAta meM bhI buddha kahate haiM-mAnava kA zreSTha dhana zraddhA hai|251 zraddhA se mAnava isa saMsArarUpa bAr3ha ko pAra karatA hai|252 zraddhAvAn vyakti hI prajJA ko prApta karatA hai|53 gItA meM bhI zraddhA ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| gItAkAra ne jJAna kI mahimA aura garimA kA saMkIrtana kiyA hai| "na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyte|" kahane ke bAda kahA-vaha pavitra jJAna usI ko prApta hotA hai jo zraddhAvAn hai| "zraddhAvAn labhate jnyaanm|"254 saiddhAntika dRSTi se samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna kI utpatti yugapat hotI hai, arthAt dRSTi samyak hote hI mithyA jJAna samyak jJAna ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| ataeva donoM kA paurvAparya koI vivAda kA viSaya nahIM hai| jJAna aura darzana ke bAda cAritra kA sthAna hai| cAritra sAdhanAmArga meM gati pradAna karatA hai| isalie cAritra kA apane Apa meM mahattva hai| jaina dRSTi se ratnatraya ke sAkalya meM hI mokSa kI niSpatti mAnI gaI hai| vaidika paramparA meM

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *79 jJAnaniSThA, karmaniSThA aura bhaktimArga ye tInoM pRthak-pRthak mokSa ke sAdhana mAne jAte rahe haiN| inhIM mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para svataMtra sampradAyoM kA bhI udaya huaa| AcArya zaMkara kevala jJAna se aura rAmAnuja kevala bhakti se mukti ko svIkAra karate haiN| para jainadarzana ne aise kisI ekAntavAda ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM cauthI gAthA se lekara caudahavIM gAthA taka jJAnayoga kA pratipAdana hai| pandrahavIM gAthA se lekara ikatIsavIM gAthA taka zraddhAyoga kA nirUpaNa hai| battIsavIM gAthA se lekara cauMtIsavIM gAthA taka karmayoga kA vizleSaNa hai| jJAna se tattva ko jAno, darzana se usa para zraddhA karo, cAritra se Asrava kA nirudhana karo evaM tapa se karmoM kA vizodhana kro| isa taraha isa adhyayana meM cAra mArgoM kA nirUpaNa kara use Atma-zodhana kA prazasta patha kahA hai| isI patha para calakara jIva zivatva ko prApta kara sakatA hai, karmamukta ho sakatA hai| samyaktva : vizleSaNa unatIsavA~ adhyayana samyaktva-parAkrama hai| jo sAdhaka samyaktva meM parAkrama karate haiM, ve hI sahI dizA kI ora agrasara hote haiN| samyaktva ke kAraNa hI jJAna aura cAritra samyak banate haiN| AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne samyaktva aura samyak darzana ina donoM zabdoM kA bhinna-bhinna artha kiyA hai|55 para sAmAnya rUpa se samyak darzana aura samyaktva ye donoM eka hI artha meM vyavahRta hote rahe haiN| samyaktva yathArthatA kA paricAyaka hai| samyaktva kA eka artha tattva-ruci bhI hai|256 isa artha meM samyaktva satyAbhiruci yA satya kI abhIpsA hai| samyaktva mukti kA adhikAra-patra hai| AcArAMga meM samyak dRSTi kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue kahA-samyak dRSTi pApa kA AcaraNa nahIM krtaa|257 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-jo vyakti vijJa hai, bhAgyavAna hai, parAkramI hai para yadi usakA dRSTikoNa asamyak hai to usakA dAna, tapa Adi samasta puruSArtha phala kI AkAMkSA vAlA hone se azuddha hotA hai|258 azuddha hone se vaha mukti kI ora na le jAkara bandhana kI ora le jAtA hai| isake viparIta samyak dRSTi vItarAga dRSTi se sampanna hone ke kAraNa usakA kArya phala kI AkAMkSA se rahita aura zuddha hotA hai|259 AcArya zaMkara ne bhI gItAbhASya meM spaSTa zabdoM meM samyak darzana ke mahattva ko vyakta karate hue likhA hai-samyak darzananiSTha puruSa

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80 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana saMsAra ke bIjarUpa avidyA Adi doSoM kA unmUlana nahIM kara sake, aisA kabhI sambhava nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to samyak darzanayukta puruSa nizcita rUpa se nirvANa prApta karatA hai / 260 arthAt samyak darzana hone se rAga yAni viSayAsakti kA uccheda hotA hai aura rAga kA uccheda hone se mukti hotI hai / samyaktva yA samyak darzana AdhyAtmika jIvana kA prANa hai| prANarahita zarIra murdA hai, vaise hI samyak darzanarahita sAdhanA bhI murdA hai / vaha murde kI taraha tyAjya hai / samyak darzana jIvana ko eka sahI dRSTi detA hai, jisase jIvana utthAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai| vyakti kI jaisI dRSTi hogI, vaise hI usake jIvana kI sRSTi hogii| isalie yathArtha dRSTikoNa jIvana-nirmANa kI sabase prAthamika AvazyakatA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM usI yathArtha dRSTikoNa ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara ikahattara praznottaroM ke mAdhyama se sAdhanA-paddhati kA maulika nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / ye praznottara itane vyApaka haiM ki inameM prAyaH samagra jainAcAra samA jAtA hai| tapa eka vihaMgAvalokana tIsaveM adhyayana meM tapa kA nirUpaNa hai| sAmAnya mAnavoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki jaina paramparA meM dhyAnamArga yA samAdhimArga kA nirUpaNa nahIM hai / para unakI yaha dhAraNA satya-tathya se pare hai| jaise yoga paramparA meM aSTAGgayoga kA nirUpaNa hai, vaise hI jaina paramparA meM dvAdazAMga tapa kA nirUpaNa hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se cintana karane para samyak tapa kA gItA ke dhyAnayoga aura bauddha paramparA ke samAdhimArga meM atyadhika samAnatA hai| tapa jIvana kA oja hai, zakti hai| tapohIna sAdhanA khokhalI hai| bhAratIya AcAradarzanoM kA gaharAI se adhyayana karane para sUrya ke prakAza kI bhA~ti yaha spaSTa hogA ki prAyaH sabhI AcAra - darzanoM kA janma tapasyA kI goda meM huA hai| ve vahIM pale-puse aura vikasita hue haiN| ajita-kesa kambalin ghora bhautikavAdI thA / gozAlaka ekAnta niyativAdI thA / tathApi ve tapa sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahe / to phira anya vicAra - darzanoM meM tapa kA mahattva ho, isameM zaMkA kA prazna hI nahIM hai / yaha satya hai ki tapa ke lakSya aura svarUpa ke sambandha meM mataikya kA abhAva rahA hai para sabhI paramparAoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se tapa kI mahattA svIkAra kI hai|

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 81 zrI bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ne "bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana" nAmaka grantha meM likhA hai - "bhAratIya saMskRti meM jo kucha bhI zAzvata hai, jo kucha bhI udAtta evaM mahattvapUrNa tattva hai, vaha saba tapasyA se hI sambhUta hai, tapasyA se hI isa rASTra kA bala yA oja utpanna huA hai tapasyA bhAratIya darzanazAstra kI hI nahIM, kintu usake samasta itihAsa kI prastAvanA hai pratyeka cintanazIla praNAlI cAhe vaha AdhyAtmika ho, cAhe Adhibhautika, sabhI tapasyA kI bhAvanA se anuprANita haiM usake veda, vedAMga, darzana, purANa, dharmazAstra Adi sabhI vidyA ke kSetra jIvana kI sAdhanA rUpa tapasyA ke ekaniSTha upAsaka haiM / " 261 jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kA adhyayana karane se spaSTa hai - ve tapa sAdhanA ke mahAn puraskarttA the / zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra sAdhanAkAla ke sAr3he bAraha varSa meM lagabhaga gyAraha varSa nirAhAra rhe| unakA sampUrNa sAdhanAkAla Atma-cintana, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga meM vyatIta huA / unakA jIvana tapa kI jItI-jAgatI preraNA hai| jaina-sAdhanA kA lakSya zuddha Atma-tattva kI upalabdhi hai| AtmA kA zuddhIkaraNa hai / tapa kA prayojana hai - prayAsapUrvaka karma - pudgaloM ko AtmA se alaga- alaga kara vizuddha Atma-svarUpa ko prakaTa karanA / isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-tapa AtmA ke parizodhana kI prakriyA hai, 262 Abaddha karmoM kA kSaya karane kI paddhati hai / 263 tapa se pApa karmoM ko naSTa kiyA jAtA hai / tapa karma - nirjaraNa kA mukhya sAdhana hai / kintu tapa kevala kAya - kleza yA upavAsa hI nahIM, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, vinaya Adi sabhI tapa ke vibhAga haiN| jaina dRSTi se tapa ke bAhya aura Abhyantara do prakAra haiM / bAhya tapa ke anazana, avamodarikA, bhikSAcaryA, rasa - parityAga, kAya-kleza aura pratisaMlInatA, ye chaha prakAra haiN| inake dhAraNa AcaraNa se dehAdhyAsa naSTa hotA hai / deha kI Asakti sAdhanA kA mahAn vighna hai| dehAsakti se vilAsitA aura pramAda samutpanna hotA hai, isalie jaina zramaNa kA vizeSaNa 'vosaTTa - cattadehe' diyA gayA hai / bAhya tapa sthUla hai, bAhara se dikhalAI detA hai jabaki Abhyantara tapa ko sAmAnya janatA tapa ke rUpa meM nahIM jaantii| tathApi usameM tapa kA mahattvapUrNa evaM ucca pakSa nihita hai| usake bhI prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsarga ye chaha prakAra haiM jo uttarottara sUkSma se sUkSmatara hote cale gaye haiM / 1 vaha vaidika paramparA meM bhI tapa kI mahattA rahI hai| vaidika RSiyoM kA AghoSa hai - tapasyA se hI Rta aura satya utpanna hue, 264 tapa se hI veda utpanna hue, 265 tapa se hI brahma kI anveSaNA kI jAtI hai, 266 tapa se hI mRtyu para vijaya prApta

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* 82 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.kI jAtI hai aura tapa se hI brahmaloka prApta kiyA jAtA hai,267 tapa se hI loka meM vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai|268 manu ne to kahA hai-tapa se hI RSigaNa trailokya meM carAcara prANiyoM ko dekhate haiN|269 isa vizva meM jo kucha bhI durlabha aura dustara hai, vaha saba tapasyA se sAdhya hai, tapasyA kI zakti duratikrama hai|270 mahApAtakI tathA nimna AcaraNa karane vAle bhI tapa se tapta hokara kilviSI yoni se mukta ho jAte haiN|271 bauddha sAdhanA-paddhati meM bhI tapa kA ullekha huA hai, para bauddha dharmAvalambI madhyamamArgI hone se jaina aura vaidika paramparA kI taraha kaThora AcAra ke artha meM vahA~ tapa zabda prayukta nahIM huA hai| vahA~ tapa kA artha hai-citta-zuddhi kA nirantara abhyAsa krnaa| buddha ne kahA-tapa, brahmacarya AryasatyoM kA darzana aura nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra ye uttama maMgala hai|272 diTTaThivijjasutta meM kahA-kisI tapa yA vrata ke karane se kisI ke kuzala dharma bar3hate haiM, akuzala dharma ghaTate haiM to use avazya karanA caahie|273 majjhimanikAya-mahAsiMhanAdasutta meM buddha sArIputta se apanI ugra tapasyA kA vistRta varNana karate haiN|274 suttanipAta meM buddha bimbisAra se kahate haiM-aba maiM tapazcaryA ke lie jA rahA hU~, usa mArga meM merA mana ramatA hai|275 tathAgata buddha ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt bhI bauddha bhikSuoM meM dhuttaMga arthAt jaMgaloM meM rahakara vividha prakAra kI tapasyAe~ karane Adi kA mahattva thaa| visuddhimagga aura milindaprazna meM aise dhuttaMgoM ke ye sAre tathya bauddha dharma ke tapa ke mahattva ko ujAgara karate haiN| jisa prakAra jaina-sAdhanA meM tapazcaryA kA Abhyantara aura bAhya tapa ke rUpa meM vargIkaraNa huA hai, vaisA vargIkaraNa bauddha paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM hai| majjhimanikAya kandarasutta276 meM eka vargIkaraNa hai-buddha ne cAra prakAra ke manuSya kahe-(1) Atmantapa aura parantapa, (2) parantapa aura Atmantapa, (3) jo Atmantapa bhI aura parantapa bhI, tathA (4) jo Atmantapa bhI nahIM aura parantapa bhI nhiiN| yoM vikIrNa rUpa se bauddha-sAhitya meM tapa ke vargIkaraNa prApta hote haiM kintu ve vargIkaraNa itane suvyavasthita nahIM haiN| vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM tapa ke tIna rUpa milate haiM-zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika 277 tathA sAtvika, rAjasa aura taams|278 jo tapa zraddhApUrvaka phala kI AkAMkSA se rahita niSkAmabhAva se kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'sAtvika' tapa hai; jo tapa ajJAnatApUrvaka svayaM ko evaM dUsaroM ko kaSTa dene ke lie kiyA jAtA hai vaha

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 83 * -.-.-.-.-."tAmasa' tapa hai aura jo tapa satkAra, sanmAna tathA pratiSThA ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'rAjasa' tapa hai| prastuta adhyayana meM jaina dRSTi se tapa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tapa aisA divya rasAyana hai, jo zarIra aura AtmA ke yaugika bhAva ko naSTa kara AtmA ko apane mUla svabhAva meM sthApita karatA hai| anAdi-ananta kAla ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa AtmA kA zarIra ke sAtha tAdAtmya-sA ho gayA hai| use tor3e binA mukti nahIM hotii| use tor3ane kA tapa eka amogha upAya hai| usakA sajIva citraNa isa adhyayana meM huA hai| ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM zramaNoM kI caraNa vidhi kA nirUpaNa hone se isa adhyayana kA nAma bhI caraNa vidhi hai| caraNa-cAritra meM pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM rahI huI haiN| mana, vacana, kAyA ke samyak yoga kA pravartana samiti hai| samiti meM yatanAcAra mukhya hai| gupti meM azubha yogoM kA nivartana hai| yahA~ para nivRtti kA artha pUrNa niSedha nahIM hai aura pravRtti kA artha pUrNa vidhi nahIM hai| pravRtti meM nivRtti aura nivRtti meM pravRtti hai| vivekapUrva pravRtti saMyama hai aura avivekapUrvaka pravRtti asaMyama hai| avivekapUrvaka pravRtti se saMyama surakSita nahIM raha sakatA, isalie sAdhaka ko acchI taraha se jAnanA cAhie ki avivekayukta pravRttiyA~ kauna-sI haiM? sAdhaka ko AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha kI rAgAtmaka citta-vRtti se dUra rahanA caahie| na vaha hiMsaka vyApAra kare aura na bhaya se bhayabhIta hI rhe| jina kriyA-kalApoM se Asrava hotA hai, ve kriyA-sthAna haiN| zramaNa una kriyA-sthAnoM se sadA alaga rheN| aviveka se asaMyama hotA hai aura aviveka se aneka anartha hote haiN| isalie zramaNa asaMyama se satata dUra rhe| sAdhanA kI saphalatA va pUrNatA ke lie samAdhi Avazyaka hai, isalie asamAdhi-sthAnoM se zramaNa dUra rhe| AtmA jJAna, darzana, cAritra rUpa mArga meM sthita rahatA hai, vaha samAdhi hai| zabala doSa sAdhu ke lie sarvathA tyAjya haiN| jina kAryoM ke karane se cAritra kI nirmalatA naSTa hotI hai, cAritra malIna hone se karabUra ho jAtA hai, unheM zabala doSa kahate haiN|279 zabala doSoM kA sevana karane vAle zramaNa bhI zabala kahalAte haiN| uttaraguNoM meM atikramAdi cAroM doSoM kA evaM mUlaguNoM meM anAcAra ke atirikta tIna doSoM kA sevana karane se cAritra zabala hotA hai| jina kAraNoM se moha prabala hotA hai, una moha-sthAnoM se bhI dUra rahakara pratipala-pratikSaNa sAdhaka ko dharma-sAdhanA meM lIna rahanA cAhie, jisase vaha saMsAra-cakra se mukta hotA hai|

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84 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana prastuta adhyayana meM isa prakAra vividha viSayoM kA saMkalana huA hai / | yahA~ yaha cintanIya hai ki chedasUtra ke racayitA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu haiM, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aSTama paTTadhara the / unakA nirvANa vIra nirvANa eka sau sattara ke lagabhaga huA hai| unake dvArA nirmita chedasUtroM kA nAma prastuta adhyayana kI sattarahavIM aura aThArahavIM gAthA meM huA hai / ve gAthAe~ isameM kaise AIM ? yaha cintanIya hai| sAdhanA kA vighna : pramAda battIsaveM adhyayana meM pramAda kA vizleSaNa hai / pramAda sAdhanA meM vighna haiN| pramAda ko nivAraNa kiye binA sAdhaka jitendriya nahIM banatA / pramAda kA artha hai - aisI pravRttiyA~, jo sAdhanA meM bAdhA upasthita karatI haiM, sAdhaka kI pragati ko avaruddha karatI haiN| uttarAdhyayananiryuktira 80 meM pramAda ke pA~ca prakAra batAye haiM - madya, viSaya, kaSAya, nidrA aura vikathA / sthAnAMga meM pramAda - sthAna chaha batAye haiM / 281 usameM vikathA ke sthAna para dyUta aura chaThA pratilekhana pramAda diyA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra meM AcArya nemIcandra ne pramAda ke ajJAna, saMzaya, mithyA jJAna, rAga, dveSa, smRtibhraMza, dharma meM anAdara, mana, vacana aura kAyA kA duSpariNAma, ye ATha prakAra batAye haiM / - 282 - sAdhanA kI dRSTi se prastuta adhyayana meM vipula sAmagrI hai| sAdhaka ko pratipala - pratikSaNa jAgarUka rahane kA saMdeza diyA hai| jaise bhagavAna RSabhadeva eka hajAra varSa taka apramatta rahe, eka hajAra varSa meM kevala eka rAtri ko unheM nidrA AI thI / zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra bAraha varSa, teraha pakSa sAdhanAkAla meM rhe| itane dIrghakAla meM kevala eka antamuhUrtta nidrA aaii| bhagavAna RSabha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevala nidrA - pramAda kA sevana kiyA thaa| 283 zeSa samaya ve pUrNa apramatta rhe| vaise hI zramaNoM ko adhika se adhika apramatta rahanA caahie| apramatta rahane ke lie sAdhaka viSayoM se uparata rahe, AhAra para saMyama rakhe / dRSTi-saMyama, mana, vacana aura kAyA kA saMyama evaM cintana kI pavitratA apekSita hai| bahuta vyApaka rUpa se apramatta rahane ke saMbaMdha meM cintana huA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM AI huI kucha gAthAoM kI tulanA dhammapada, suttanipAta, zvetAzvatara upaniSad aura gItA Adi ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 85 * - . -. - . -. - . "na vA labhejA niuNaM sahAyaM, guNAhiyaM vA guNao samaM vaa| ekko vi pAvAiM vivajjayanto, vihareja kAmesu asjjmaanno|" -uttarAdhyayana 32/5 tulanA kIjie "sace labhetha nipakaM sahAyaM, saddhiM caraM saadhuvihaaridhiirN| abhibhUyya sabbAni parissayAni, careyya tenattamano stiimaa|| no ce labhetha nipakaM sahAyaM, saddhiM caraM saadhuvihaaridhiirN| rAjAva raTuM vijitaM pahAyaM, eko care mAtaMgara va naago|| ekasya caritaM seyyo, natthi bAle shaaytaa| eko care na ca pApAni kAyirA, appossukko mAtaMgaraJjava naago||" -dhammapada 23/9-11 "addhA pasaMsAma sahAyasaMpadaM, seTThA samA sevitavyA shaayaa| ete aladdhA anavajabhojI, ego care khggvisaannkppo||" -suttanipAta, ura. 3/13 "jahA ya kiMpAgaphalA maNoramA, raseNa vaNNeNa ya bhujjmaannaa| te khuDa jIviya paJcamANA, eovamA kAmaguNA vivaage||" -uttarAdhyayana 32/20 tulanA kIjie "trayI dharmamadharmArthaM, kiNpaakphlsNnibhm| nAsti tAta ! sukhaM, kicidatra duHkhshtaakule||" -zAMkarabhASya, zvetA. upa., pRSTha 23 "evindiyatthA ya maNassa atthA, dukkhassa heuM maNuyassa raaginno| te ceva thovaM pi kayAi dukkhaM, na vIyarAgassa karenti kiNci||" -uttarAdhyayana 32/100 tulanA kIjie "rAgadveSaviyuktaistu, vissyaanindriyaishcrn| AtmavazyairvidheyAtmA, prsaadmdhigcchti||" -gItA 2/64

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86 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana karma : unakA tetIsaveM adhyayana meM karma-prakRtiyoM kA nirUpaNa hone ke kAraNa 'karma - prakRti' ke nAma se yaha adhyayana vizruta hai / karma bhAratIya darzana kA cira-paricita zabda hai / jaina, bauddha aura vaidika sabhI paramparAoM ne karma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| karma ko hI vedAntI 'avidyA', bauddha 'vAsanA', sAMkhya 'kleza' aura nyAya-vaizeSika 'adRSTa' kahate haiN| kitane hI darzana karma kA sAmAnya rUpa se kevala nirdeza karate haiM to kitane hI darzana karma ke vibhinna pahaluoM para cintana karate haiN| nyAyadarzana kI dRSTi se adRSTa AtmA kA guNa hai| zreSTha aura niSkRSTa karmoM kA AtmA para saMskAra par3atA hai| vaha adRSTa hai| jahA~ taka adRSTa kA phala samprApta nahIM hotA taba taka vaha AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai| isakA phala Izvara ke dvArA milatA hai| 284 yadi Izvara karmaphala kI vyavasthA na kare to karma pUrNa rUpa se niSphala ho jAe~ / sAMkhyadarzana ne karma ko prakRti kA vikAra mAnA hai / 285 unakA abhimata hai - hama jo zreSTha yA kaniSTha pravRttiyA~ karate haiM, saMskAra prakRti para par3atA hai aura una prakRti ke saMskAroM se hI karmoM ke phala prApta hote haiM / bauddhoM ne cittagata vAsanA ko karma kahA hai| yahI kArya-kAraNa bhAva ke rUpa meM sukha-duHkha kA hetu hai| jainadarzana ne karma ko svataMtra pudgala tattva mAnA hai / karma ananta paudgalika paramANuoM ke skandha haiM / sampUrNa loka meM vyApta haiN| jIvAtmA kI jo zreSTha yA kaniSTha pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM, unake kAraNa ve AtmA ke sAtha ba~dha jAte haiN| yaha unakI baMdha avasthA kahalAtI hai / ba~dhane ke pazcAt unakA paripAka hotA hai / paripAka ke rUpa meM unase sukha-duHkha ke rUpa meM yA AvaraNa ke rUpa meM phala prApta hotA hai| anya dArzanikoM ne karmoM kI kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdha ye tIna avasthAe~ batAI haiN| ve jainadarzana ke baMdha, sattA aura udaya ke artha ko hI abhivyakta karatI haiN| karma ke kAraNa hI jagat kI vibhakti,286 vicitratA 287 aura samAna sAdhana hone para bhI phala prApti meM antara rahatA hai / bandha ke prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza, ye cAra bheda haiN| karma kA niyata samaya se pUrva phala prApta honA 'udIraNA' hai, karma kI sthiti aura vipAka kI vRddhi honA 'udvartana' hai, karma kI sthiti aura vipAka meM kamI honA 'apavartana' hai tathA karma kI sajAtIya prakRtiyoM kA eka-dUsare ke rUpa meM parivartana honA 'saMkramaNa' hai| karma kA phaladAna 'udaya' hai| karmoM ke vidyamAna rahate hue bhI udaya meM Ane ke lie unheM adhama banA denA 'upazama' hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to karma kI vaha avasthA jisameM udaya aura udIraNA sambhava nahIM

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *87* hai vaha 'upazama' hai| jisameM karmoM kA udaya aura saMkramaNa nahIM ho sake kintu udvartana aura apavartana kI sambhAvanA ho, vaha 'nidhatti' hai| jisameM udvartana, apavartana, saMkramaNa evaM udIraNA ina cAroM avasthAoM kA abhAva ho, vaha 'nikAcita' avasthA hai| karma ba~dhane ke pazcAt amuka samaya taka phala na dene kI avasthA kA nAma 'abAdhAkAla' hai| jisa karma kI sthiti jitane sAgaropama kI hai, utane hI sau varSa kA usakA abAdhAkAla hotA hai| karmoM kI ina prakriyAoM kA jaisA vizleSaNa jaina-sAhitya meM huA hai, vaisA vizleSaNa anya sAhitya meM nahIM huaa| yogadarzana meM niyatavipAkI, aniyatavipAkI aura AvAyagamana ke rUpa meM karma kI trividha avasthA kA nirUpaNa hai| jo niyata samaya para apanA phala dekara naSTa ho jAtA hai, vaha 'niyatavipAkI' hai| jo karma binA phala diye hI AtmA se pRthak ho jAtA hai, vaha 'aniyatavipAkI' hai| eka karma kA dUsare meM mila jAnA 'AvAyagamana' hai| ___ jainadarzana kI karma-vyAkhyA vilakSaNa hai| usakI dRSTi se karma paudgalika haiN| jaba jIva zubha athavA azubha pravRtti meM pravRtta hotA hai taba vaha apanI pravRtti se una pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai| ve AkRSTa pudgala AtmA ke sannikaTa apane viziSTa rUpa aura zakti kA nirmANa karate haiN| ve 'karma' kahalAte haiN| yadyapi karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM meM koI svabhAva bhinnatA nahIM hotI para jIva ke bhinna-bhinna adhyavasAyoM ke kAraNa karmoM kI prakRti aura sthiti meM bhinnatA AtI hai| karmoM kI mUla ATha prakRtiyA~ haiN| una prakRtiyoM kI aneka uttara-prakRtiyA~ haiN| pratyeka karma kI pRthak-pRthak sthiti haiN| sthitikAla pUrNa hone para ve karma naSTa ho jAte haiN| __ prastuta adhyayana meM karmoM kI prakRtiyoM kA aura unake avAntara bhedoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| karma ke sambandha meM hamane vipAkasUtra kI prastAvanA meM vistAra se likhA hai, ataH jijJAsu isa sambandha meM use dekhane kA kaSTa kreN| lezyA : eka vizleSaNa cauMtIsaveM adhyayana meM lezyAoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isIlie isakA nAma 'lezyA adhyayana' hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM isa adhyayana kA viSaya karma-lezyA kahA hai|288 karmabandha ke hetu rAgAdi bhAvakarma lezyA hai| jainadarzana ke karmasiddhAnta ko samajhane meM lezyA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| lezyA eka prakAra kA paudgalika paryAvaraNa hai| jIva se pudgala aura pudgala se jIva prabhAvita hote

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*88* mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana haiN| jIva ko prabhAvita karane vAle pudgaloM ke aneka samUha haiN| unameM se eka samUha kA nAma 'lezyA' hai| vAdivetAla zAntisUri ne lezyA kA artha ANavika AbhA, kAnti, prabhA aura chAyA kiyA hai|289 AcArya zivArya ne likhA hailezyA chAyA-pudgaloM se prabhAvita hone vAle jIva ke pariNAma haiN|290 prAcIna jaina-sAhitya meM zarIra ke varNa, ANavika AbhA aura unase prabhAvita hone vAle vicAra ina tInoM arthoM meM lezyA para cintana kiyA hai| nemicandra siddhAnta-cakravartI ne zarIra kA varNa aura ANavika AbhA ko dravya-lezyA mAnA hai|291 AcArya bhadrabAhu kA bhI yahI abhimata hai|292 unhoMne vicAra ko bhAva-lezyA kahA hai| dravya-lezyA pudgala hai| isalie use vaijJAnika sAdhanoM ke dvArA bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai| dravya-lezyA ke pudgaloM para varNa kA prabhAva adhika hotA hai| jisake sahayoga se AtmA karma meM lipta hotA hai vaha 'lezyA' hai|293 digambara AcArya vIrasena ke zabdoM meM kahA jAe to AtmA aura karma kA sambandha karAne vAlI pravRtti lezyA hai|94 mithyAtva, avrata, kaSAya, pramAda aura yoga ke dvArA karmoM kA sambandha AtmA se hotA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne kaSAyoM ke udaya se anuraMjita mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ko lezyA kahA hai|95 AcArya akalaMka ne bhI usI paribhASA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai|296 saMkSepa meM kahA jAe to kaSAya aura yoga lezyA nahIM hai, para ve usake kAraNa haiN| isalie lezyA kA antarbhAva na yoga meM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na kaSAya meN| kaSAya aura yoga ke saMyoga se eka tIsarI avasthA utpanna hotI hai| jaisedahI aura zakkara ke saMyoga se zrIkhaNDa taiyAra hotA hai| kitane hI AcAryoM kA abhimata hai ki lezyA meM kaSAya kI pradhAnatA nahIM hotI kintu yoga kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| kevalajJAnI meM kaSAya kA pUrNa abhAva hai para yoga kI sattA rahatI hai, isalie usameM zukla-lezyA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke TIkAkAra zAntisUri kA mantavya hai ki dravya-lezyA kA nirmANa karmavargaNA se hotA hai|297 yaha dravya-lezyA karmarUpa hai| tathApi yaha ATha karmoM se pRthak hai, jaise-kaarmnnshriir| yadi lezyA ko karmavargaNA-niSpanna mAnA jAe to vaha karmasthiti-vidhAyaka nahIM bana sktii| karmalezyA kA sambandha nAmakarma ke sAtha hai| usakA sambandha zarIra-racanA sambandhI pudgaloM se hai| usakI eka prakRti zarIranAmakarma hai| zarIranAmakarma ke eka prakAra ke pudgaloM kA samUha karmalezyA hai|298 dvitIya mAnyatA kI dRSTi se lezyA dravya karma nisyanda hai| nisyanda kA artha bahate hue

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 89 karma pravAha se hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM karma kI sattA hai, pravAha hai para vahA~ lezyA nahIM hai| vahA~ para naye karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotaa| kaSAya aura yoga se karmabandhana hotA hai| kaSAya hone para cAroM prakAra ke baMdha hote haiN| prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha kA sambandha yoga se hai tathA sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kA sambandha kaSAya se| kevala yoga meM sthiti aura anubhAgabandha nahIM hotA, jaise terahaveM guNasthAnavartI arihantoM ke airyApathika bandha hotA hai, kintu sthiti aura anubhAgabandha nahIM hotaa| jo do samaya kA kAla batAyA gayA hai vaha kAla vastutaH karma-pudgala grahaNa karane kA aura utsarga kA kAla hai| vaha sthiti aura anubhAga kA kAla nahIM hai| tRtIya abhimatAnusAra lezyA dravya yogavargaNA ke antargata svatantra dravya haiN| binA yoga ke lezyA nahIM hotii| lezyA aura yoga meM paraspara avinAbhAva sambandha hai| prazna uThatA hai-kyA lezyA ko yogAntargata mAnanA cAhie yA yoganimitta dravyakarma rUpa? yadi vaha lezyA dravyakarma rUpa hai to ghAtikarmadravya rUpa hai athavA aghAtikarmadravya rUpa hai ? lezyA ghAtikarmadravya rUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki ghAtikarma naSTa ho jAne para bhI lezyA rahatI hai| yadi lezyA ko aghAtikarmadravya svarUpa mAne to caudahaveM guNasthAna meM aghAtikarma vidyamAna rahate haiM para vahA~ lezyA kA abhAva hai| isalie yoga-dravya ke antargata hI dravyasvarUpa lezyA mAnanA caahie| lezyA se kaSAyoM meM abhivRddhi hotI hai kyoMki yogadravya meM kaSAya-abhivRddhi karane kI zakti hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva apanA kartavya dikhAte haiN| jisa vyakti ko pitta-vikAra ho usakA krodha sahaja rUpa se bar3ha jAtA hai| brAhmI vanaspati kA sevana jJAnAvaraNa karma ko kama karane meM sahAyaka hai| madirApAna karane se jJAnAvaraNa kA udaya hotA hai| dahI kA upayoga karane se nidrA meM abhivRddhi hotI hai| nidrA darzanAvaraNa karma kA audayika phala hai| ataH spaSTa hai kaSAyodaya se anuraMjita yogapravRtti hI (lezyA) sthitipAka meM sahAyaka hotI hai|299 ___ gommaTasAra meM AcArya nemicandra ne yogapariNAma lezyA kA varNana kiyA hai|300 AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi301 meM aura gommaTasAra ke karmakANDa khaNDa302 meM kaSAyodaya se anuraMjita yogapravRtti ko lezyA kahA hai| isa paribhASA ke anusAra dasaveM guNasthAna taka hI lezyA ho sakatI hai| prastuta paribhASA apekSAkRta hone se pUrva kI paribhASAoM se viruddha nahIM hai|

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* 90* mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana bhagavatI, prajJApanA aura pazcAdvartI sAhitya meM lezyA para vyApaka rUpa se cintana kiyA gayA hai| vistArabhaya se hama una sabhI pahaluoM para yahA~ cintana nahIM kara rahe haiN| para yaha nizcita hai ki jaina manISiyoM ne lezyA kA varNana kisI sampradAya-vizeSa se nahIM liyA hai| usakA yaha apanA maulika cintana hai|303 prastuta adhyayana meM saMkSepa meM karmalezyA ke nAma, varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, pariNAma, lakSaNa, sthAna, sthiti, gati aura AyuSya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ina sabhI pahaluoM para zyAmAcArya ne vistAra se prajJApanA meM likhA hai| vyakti ke jIvana kA nirmANa usake apane vicAroM se hotA hai| vaha apane ko jaisA cAhe, banA sakatA hai| bAhya jagat kA prabhAva Antarika jagat para hotA hai aura Antarika jagat kA prabhAva bAhya jagat para hotA hai| ve eka-dUsare se prabhAvita hote haiN| pudgala se jIva prabhAvita hotA hai aura jIva se padagala prabhAvita hotA hai| donoM kA paraspara prabhAva hI prabhA hai, AbhA hai, kAnti hai, aura vahI Agama kI bhASA meM lezyA hai| anagAra dharma : eka cintana paiMtIsaveM adhyayana meM anagAra mArgagati kA varNana hai| kevala gRha kA parityAga karane se anagAra nahIM hotA, anagAra dharma eka mahAn dharma hai| atyanta satarka aura sajaga rahakara isa dharma kI ArAdhanA aura sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| kevala bAhya saMga kA tyAga hI paryApta nahIM hai| bhItara se asaMga honA Avazyaka hai| jaba taka deha Adi ke prati rAgAdi sambandha rahatA hai taba taka sAdhaka bhItara se asaMga nahIM bana sktaa| isIlie eka jainAcArya ne likhA hai- "kAmAnAM hRdaye vAsaH saMsAra iti kiirtyte|" arthAt jisa hRdaya meM kAmanAoM kA vAsa hai, vahA~ saMsAra hai| anagAra kAmanAoM se Upara uThA huA hotA hai, isIlie vaha asaMga hotA hai| saMga kA artha lepa yA Asakti hai| prastuta adhyayana meM usake hiMsA, asatya, caurya, abrahma-sevana, icchA-kAma, lobha, saMsakta sthAna, gRha-nirmANa, annapAka, dhanArjana kI vRtti, pratibaddha-bhikSA, svAdavRtti aura pUjA kI abhilASA, ye teraha prakAra batAe haiN| ina vRttiyoM se jo asaMga hotA hai vahI zramaNa hai| zramaNoM ke lie isa adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki munidharma aura zukladhyAna kA abhyAsa kareM sAtha hI "sukkajjhANaM jhiyaaejaa|" arthAt zukladhyAna meM ramaNa kre| jaba taka anagAra jIe taba taka asaMga jIvana jIe aura jaba use yaha jJAta ho ki merI mRtyu sannikaTa A cukI hai to AhAra kA parityAga kara anazanapUrvaka

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 91 ---------- samAdhimaraNa ko varaNa kare / jIvanakAla meM deha ke prati jo Asakti rahI ho use zanai- zanaiH kama karane kA abhyAsa kare / deha ko sAdhanA kA sAdhana mAnakara deha ke pratibandha se mukta ho / yahI anagAra kA mArga hai / anagAra duHkha ke mUla ko naSTa karatA hai| vaha sAdhanA ke patha para bar3hate samaya zmazAna, zUnyAgAra tathA vRkSa ke nIce bhI nivAsa karatA hai / jahA~ para zIta Adi kA bhayaMkara kaSTa use sahana karanA par3atA hai, vahA~ para use vaha kaSTa nahIM mAnakara indriya-vijaya kA mArga mAnatA hai| ahiMsA dharma kI anupAlanA ke lie vaha bhikSA Adi ke kaSTa ko bhI saharSa svIkAra karatA hai| isa taraha isa adhyayana meM anagAra se sambandhita vipula sAmagrI dI gaI hai| jIva- ajIva : eka paryavekSaNa chattIsaveM adhyayana meM jIva aura ajIva ke vibhAgoM kA varNana hai| jaina tattvavidyA ke anusAra jIva aura ajIva ye do mUla tattva haiN| anya jitane bhI padArtha haiM, ve inake avAntara vibhAga haiN| jaina dRSTi se dravya Atma- kendrita hai| usake astittva kA srota kisI anya kendra se pravahamAna nahIM hai| jitanA vAstavika aura svatantra cetana dravya hai, utanA hI vAstavika aura svatantra acetana tattva hai| cetana aura acetana kA vistRta rUpa hI yaha jagat hai / na cetana se acetana utpanna hotA hai aura na acetana se cetn| isa dRSTi se jagat anAdi ananta hai / yaha paribhASA dravyasparzI naya ke AdhAra para hai| rUpAntarasparzI naya kI dRSTi se jagat sAdi - sAnta bhI hai / yadi dravyadRSTi se jIva anAdi - ananta haiM to ekendriya, dvIndriya Adi paryAyoM kI dRSTi se vaha sAdi - sAnta bhI haiM / usI prakAra ajIva dravya bhI anAdi - ananta haiM / para usameM bhI pratipala - pratikSaNa parivartana hotA hai| isa taraha avasthA - vizeSa kI dRSTi se vaha sAdi - sAnta hai / jainadarzana kA yaha spaSTa abhimata hai ki asat se sat kabhI utpanna nahIM hotaa| isa jagat meM navIna kucha bhI utpanna nahIM hotaa| jo dravya jitanA vartamAna meM hai, vaha bhaviSya meM bhI utanA hI rahegA aura atIta meM bhI utanA hI thA / rUpAntaraNa kI dRSTi se hI utpAda aura vinAza hotA hai| yaha rUpAntaraNa hI sRSTi kA mUla hai| ajIva dravya ke dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla aura pudgalAstikAya kramazaH gati, sthiti, avakAza, parivartana, saMyoga aura viyogazIla tattva para AdhRta haiN| mUrtta aura amUrta kA vibhAga zatapathabrAhmaNa, bRhadAraNyaka 305 aura viSNupurANa 306 meM huA hai / para 304

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92 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana jaina Agama - sAhitya meM mUrta aura amUrtta ke sthAna para rUpI aura arUpI zabda adhika mAtrA meM vyavahRta hue haiN| jisa dravya meM varNa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ho vaha rUpI hai aura jisameM inakA abhAva ho vaha arUpI hai| pudgala dravya ko chor3akara zeSa cAra dravya arUpI haiM / 307 arUpI dravya jana-sAmAnya ke lie agamya haiN| unake lie kevala pudgala dravya gamya hai| pudgala ke skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu ye cAra prakAra haiM / paramANu pudgala kA sabase choTA vibhAga hai| isase choTA anya vibhAga nahIM ho sakatA / skandha unake samudAya kA nAma hai| deza aura pradeza ye donoM pudgala ke kAlpanika vibhAga haiM / pudgala kI vAstavika ikAI paramANu hai| paramANu rUpI hone para bhI sUkSma hote haiN| isalie ve dRzya nahIM haiN| isI prakAra sUkSma skandha bhI dRggocara nahIM hote / Agama-sAhitya meM paramANuoM kI carcA bahuta vistAra ke sAtha kI gaI hai| jainadarzana kA mantavya hai - isa virAT vizva meM jitanA bhI sAMyogika parivartana hotA hai, vaha paramANuoM ke ApasI saMyoga-viyoga aura jIva- paramANuoM ke saMyoga-viyoga se hotA hai| 'bhAratIya saMskRti' grantha meM zivadatta jJAnI ne likhA hai - "paramANuvAda vaizeSika darzana kI hI vizeSatA hai / usakA Arambha - prArambha upaniSadoM se hotA hai| jaina AjIvaka Adi ke dvArA bhI usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kintu kaNAda ne use vyavasthita rUpa diyA / 308 para zivadatta jJAnI kA yaha likhanA pUrNa prAmANika nahIM hai, kyoMki upaniSadoM kA mUla paramANu nahIM, brahmavivecana hai| DaoN. harmana jaikobI ne paramANu siddhAnta ke sambandha meM cintana karate hue likhA hai- "hama jainoM ko prathama sthAna dete haiM, kyoMki unhoMne pudgala ke sambandha meM atIva prAcIna matoM ke AdhAra para apanI paddhati ko saMsthApita kiyA hai|" 309 hama yahA~ adhika vistAra meM na jAkara saMkSepa meM hI yaha batAnA cAhate haiM ki ajIva dravya kA jaisA nirUpaNa jainadarzana meM vyavasthita rUpa se huA hai, vaisA anya darzanoM meM nahIM huA / I - vaha ajIva kI taraha jIvoM ke bhI bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiM / ve vibhinna AdhAroM se hue haiM / eka vibhAjana kAya ko AdhAra mAnakara kiyA gayA hai, vaha haisthAvara kAya aura asakAya / jinameM gamana karane kI kSamatA kA abhAva hai, sthAvara haiN| jinameM gamana karane kI kSamatA hai, vaha tasa haiN| sthAvara jIvoM ke pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati ye pA~ca vibhAga haiN| teja aura vAyu ekendriya hone tathA sthAvara nAmakarma kA udaya hone se sthAvara hone para bhI gati - trasa bhI kahalAte haiN| pratyeka vibhAga ke sUkSma aura sthUla ye do vibhAga kiye

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 93 ye haiM / sUkSma jIva sampUrNa loka meM vyApta haiM aura sthUla jIva loka ke kucha bhAgoM hote haiM / sthUla pRthvI ke mRdu aura kaThina ye do prakAra haiN| mRdu pRthvI ke sAta prakAra haiM to kaThina pRthvI ke chattIsa prakAra haiM / sthUla jala ke pA~ca prakAra haiM, sthUla vanaspati ke pratyekazarIra aura sAdhAraNazarIra ye do prakAra haiM / jinake eka zarIra meM eka jIva svAmI rUpa meM hotA hai, vaha pratyekazarIra hai| jisake eka zarIra meM ananta jIva svAmI rUpa meM hote haiM, vaha sAdhAraNazarIra hai| pratyekazarIra vanaspati ke bAraha prakAra haiM to sAdhAraNazarIra vanaspati ke aneka prakAra haiN| tasa jIvoM ke indriyoM kI apekSA dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya ye cAra prakAra haiM 310 dvandra Adi abhiprAyapUrvaka gamana karate haiN| ve Age bhI bar3hate haiM tathA pIche bhI haTate haiN| saMkucita hote haiM, phailate haiM, bhayabhIta hote haiM, daur3ate haiM / unameM gati aura Agati donoM hotI haiM / ve sabhI tasa haiM / dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya jIva sammUrcchimaja hote haiN| paMcendriya jIva sammUrcchija aura garbhaja ye donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| gati kI dRSTi se paMcendriya ke nairayika, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ye cAra prakAra haiN| paMcendriya tiryaMca ke jalacara, sthalacara, khecara ye tIna prakAra haiM / 311 jalacara ke matsya, kacchapa Adi aneka prakAra haiM / sthalacara kI catuSpada aura parisarpa ye do mukhya jAtiyA~ haiM / 312 catuSpada ke eka khura vAle, do khura vAle, gola paira vAle, nakha sahita paira vAle ye cAra prakAra haiN| parisarpa kI bhujaparisarpa, uraparisarpa ye do mukhya jAtiyA~ haiM / khecara kI carmapakSI, romapakSI, samudgakapakSI aura vitatapakSI ye cAra mukhya jAtiyA~ haiM / jIva ke saMsArI aura siddha ye do prakAra bhI haiM / karmamukta jIva saMsArI aura karmayukta siddha haiN| samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra tathA samyak tapa se jIva karmabandhanoM se mukta banatA hai| siddha jIva pUrNa mukta hote haiM, jabaki saMsArI jIva karmamukta hone ke kAraNa nAnA rUpa dhAraNa karate rahate haiN| SaTdravyoM meM jIva aura pudgala ye do dravya hI sakriya haiM, zeSa cAroM dravya niSkriya haiN| jIva aura pudgala ye donoM dravya kathaMcit vibhAva rUpa meM pariNamate haiN| zeSa cAroM dravya sadA-sarvadA svAbhAvika pariNamana ko hI liye rahate haiM / dharma, adharma, AkAza, ye tInoM dravya saMkhyA kI dRSTi se eka-eka haiN| kAladravya asaMkhyAta haiN| jIvadravya ananta haiM aura pudgaladravya anantAnanta haiM / jIva aura pudgala ina do dravyoM meM saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai kintu zeSa cAra dravyoM meM

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94 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana saMkoca aura vistAra nahIM hotA / AkAzadravya akhaNDa hone para bhI usake lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ye do vibhAga kie gae haiN| jisameM dharma, adharma, kAla, jIva, pudgala ye pA~ca dravya rahate haiM, vaha AkAzakhaNDa lokAkAza hai| jahA~ inakA abhAva hai, sirpha AkAza hI hai vaha alokAkAza hai| dharma aura adharma ye do dravya sadA lokAkAza ko vyApta kara sthita haiM, jabaki anya dravyoM kI vaisI sthiti nahIM hai / pudgaladravya ke aNu aura skandha ye do prakAra haiM / aNu kA avagAhya kSetra AkAza kA eka pradeza hai aura skandhoM kI koI niyata sImA nahIM hai| donoM prakAra ke pudgala ananta - ananta haiM / 313 kAladravya dravyoM ke parivartana meM sahakArI hotA hai / samaya, pala, ghar3I, ghaMTA, muhUrta, prahara, dina, rAta, saptAha, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, varSa Adi ke bhedoM ko lekara vaha bhI Adi - anta sahita hai / dravya kI apekSA anAdi-nidhana hai / prajJApanA 314 tathA jIvAjIvAbhigama -315 sUtroM meM vividha dRSTiyoM se jIva aura ajIva ke bheda-prabheda kiye gaye haiM / hamane yahA~ para prastuta Agama meM Aye hue vibhAgoM ko lekara hI saMkSepa meM cintana kiyA hai| prastuta adhyayana ke anta meM samAdhimaraNa kA bhI sundara nirUpaNa huA hai| isa taraha yaha Agama jJAna-vijJAna va adhyAtma-cintana kA akSaya koza hai| vyAkhyA - sAhitya uttarAdhyayananiyukti mUla grantha ke artha ko spaSTa karane ke lie AcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para vyAkhyA - sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai| jaise vaidika pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie maharSi yAska ne nighaMTu bhASya rUpa niryukti likhI vaise hI AcArya bhadrabAhu ne jaina AgamoM ke pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie prAkRta bhASA meM niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI / AcArya bhadrabAhu ne daza niryuktiyoM kI racanA kI / unameM uttarAdhyayana para bhI eka niryukti hai| isa niyukti meM chaha sau sAta gAthAe~ haiN| isameM aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kA nikSepa paddhati se vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai aura aneka zabdoM ke vividha paryAya bhI diye haiN| sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayana zabda kI paribhASA karate hue uttarapada kA nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, dizA, tApa-kSetra, prajJApaka, prati, kAla, saMcaya, pradhAna, jJAna, krama,

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 95 gaNanA aura bhAva ina pandraha nikSepoM se cintana kiyA hai / 316 uttara kA artha kramottara kiyA hai / 317 niyuktikAra ne adhyayana pada para vicAra karate hue nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ina cAra dvAroM se 'adhyayana' para prakAza DAlA hai / prAg baddha aura badhyamAna karmoM ke abhAva se AtmA ko jo apane svabhAva meM le jAnA hai, vaha adhyayana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to - jisase jIvAdi padArthoM kA adhigama hai yA jisase adhika prApti hotI hai athavA jisase zIghra hI abhISTa artha kI siddhi hotI hai, vaha adhyayana hai| 318 aneka bhavoM se Ate hue aSTa prakAra ke karma-raja kA jisase kSaya hotA hai, vaha bhAvAdhyayana hai| niyukti meM pahale piNDArtha aura usake pazcAt pratyeka adhyayana kI vizeSa vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| prathama adhyayana kA nAma vinayazruta hai| zruta kA bhI nAma Adi cAra nikSepoM se vicAra kiyA hai| nihnava Adi dravya - zruta haiM aura jo zruta meM upayukta hai vaha bhAva - zruta hai| saMyoga zabda kI bhI vistAra se vyAkhyA kI hai| saMyoga sambandha saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| usase jIva karma meM Abaddha hotA hai| usa saMyoga se mukta hone para hI vAstavika Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai / 319 dvitIya adhyayana meM parISaha para bhI nikSepa dRSTi se vicAra hai / dravya nikSepa Agama aura no-Agama ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| no-Agama parISaha, jJAyaka - zarIra, bhavya aura tad vyatirikta isa prakAra tIna prakAra kA hai| karma aura nokarma rUpa se dravya parISaha ke do prakAra haiN| nokarma rUpa dravya parISaha sacitta, acitta aura mizra rUpa se tIna prakAra ke haiM / bhAva parISaha meM karma kA udaya hotA hai| usake kutaH, kasya, dravya, samavatAra, adhyAsa, naya, vartanA, kAla, kSetra, uddeza, pRcchA, nirdeza aura sUtrasparza ye teraha dvAra haiM / 320 pipAsA kI vividha udAharaNoM ke dvArA vyAkhyA kI hai| kSut tRtIya adhyayana meM caturaMgIya zabda kI nikSepa paddhati se vyAkhyA kI hai aura aMga kA bhI nAmAGga, sthApanAGga, dravyAGga aura bhAvAGga ke rUpa meM cintana karate hue dravyAGga ke gaMdhAGga, auSadhAGga, madyAGga, AtodyAGga, zarIrAGga aura yuddhAGga ye chaha prakAra batAye haiN| gaMdhAGga ke jamadagni jaTA, hareNukA, zabara nivasanaka ( tamAlapatra ), sapinika, mallikAvAsita, ausIra, habera, bhadradAru, zatapuSpA Adi bheda haiN| inase snAna aura vilepana kiyA jAtA thA / auSadhAGga guTikA meM piNDadAru, haridrA, mAhendraphala, suSThI, pippalI, marica, Ardraka, bilvamUla aura

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* 96 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana pAnI ye aSTa vastue~ milI huI hotI haiN| isase kaNDu, timira, ardha-ziroroga, pUrNa ziroroga, tAttIrIka, cAturthika, jvara, mUSakadaMza, sarpadaMza zIghra hI naSTa ho jAte haiM / 321 drAkSA ke solaha bhAga, dhAtakIpuSpa ke cAra bhAga, eka Ar3haka ikSurasa inase madhAGga banatA hai| eka mukundAturya, eka abhimAradAruka, eka zAlmalI puSpa, inake baMdha se puSponmizra bAla baMdha vizeSa hotA hai / sira, udara, pITha, bAhu, uru, ye zarIrAGga haiN| yuddhAGga ke bhI yAna, AvaraNa, praharaNa, kuzalatva, nIti, dakSatva, vyavasAya, zarIra, Arogya ye nau prakAra batAye gaye haiN| bhAvAGga ke zrutAGga aura no- zrutAMga ye do prakAra haiM / zrutAGga ke AcAra Adi bAraha prakAra haiN| no- zrutAMga ke cAra prakAra haiN| ye cAra prakAra hI caturaMgIya ke rUpa meM vizruta haiN| mAnava-bhava kI durlabhatA vividha udAharaNoM ke dvArA batAI gaI haiN| mAnava-bhava prApta hone para bhI dharma kA zravaNa kaThina hai aura usa para zraddhA karanA aura bhI kaThina hai| zraddhA para cintana karate hue jamAli Adi sAta nihnavoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / 322 caturtha adhyayana kA nAma asaMskRta hai| pramAda aura apramAda donoM para nikSepa dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jo uttarakaraNa se kRta arthAt nirvartita hai, vaha saMskRta hai| zeSa asaMskRta haiN| karaNa kA bhI nAma Adi chaha nikSepoM se vicAra / dravyakaraNa ke saMjJAkaraNa aura nosaMjJAkaraNa ye do prakAra haiN| saMjJAkaraNa ke kaTakaraNa, arthakaraNa aura velukaraNa ye tIna prakAra haiN| no- saMjJAkaraNa ke prayogakaraNa aura visrasAkaraNa ye do prakAra haiM / visrasAkaraNa ke sAdika aura anAdika ye do bheda haiM / anAdi ke dharma, adharma, AkAza ye tIna prakAra haiN| sAdika ke catusparza, acatusparza ye do prakAra haiN| isa prakAra pratyeka ke bheda-prabheda karake una sabhI kI carcA karate haiN| isa niyukti meM yatra-tatra aneka zikSAprada kathAnaka bhI diye haiN| jaise- gaMdhAra, zrAvaka, tosalIputra, sthUlabhadra, skandakaputra, RSi pArAzara, kAlaka, karakaNDU Adi pratyekabuddha, harikeza, mRgAputra Adi / nihnavoM ke jIvana para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSyoM kA rAjagRha ke vaibhAra parvata kI guphA meM zIta parISaha se aura muni suvarNabhadra ke maccharoM ke ghora upasarga se kAlagata hone kA ullekha bhI hai| isameM aneka uktiyA~ sUktiyoM ke rUpa meM haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dekhie " rAI sarisavamittANi, parachiddANi pAsasi / appaNI billamittANi, pAsaMto'vi na pAsasi // "

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 97* -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. arthAt tU rAI ke barAbara dUsaroM ke doSoM ko to dekhatA hai para bilva jitane bar3e svayaM ke doSoM ko dekhakara bhI nahIM dekhatA hai| "suhio hu jaNo na bujjhii|' arthAt sukhI manuSya prAyaH jaldI nahIM jAga paataa| "bhAvaMmi u pavvajA, aarmbhprigghcaao|" arthAt hiMsA aura parigraha kA tyAga hI vastutaH bhAva-pravrajyA hai| uttarAdhyayanabhASya niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyA zailI bahuta hI gUr3ha aura saMkSipta thii| niyuktiyoM kA lakSya kevala pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karanA thaa| niyuktiyoM ke guru gambhIra rahasyoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie bhASyoM kA nirmANa huaa| bhASya bhI prAkRta bhASA meM hI padya rUpa meM likhe gye| bhASyoM meM aneka sthaloM para mAgadhI aura saurasenI ke prayoga bhI dRSTigocara hote haiN| unameM mukhya chanda AryA hai| uttarAdhyayanabhASya svataMtra grantha ke rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai| zAntisUri jI kI prAkRta TIkA meM bhASya kI gAthAe~ milatI haiN| kula gAthAe~ 45 haiN| aisA jJAta hotA hai ki anya bhASyoM kI gAthAoM ke sadRza isa bhASya kI gAthAe~ bhI niyukti ke pAsa mila gaI haiN| prastuta bhASya meM boTika kI utpatti, pulAka, bavuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka Adi nirgranthoM ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai| uttarAdhyayanacUrNi bhASya ke pazcAt cUrNi-sAhitya kA nirmANa huaa| niyukti aura bhASya padyAtmaka haiM to cUrNi gadyAtmaka hai| cUrNi meM prAkRta aura saMskRta mizrita bhASA kA prayoga huA hai| uttarAdhyayanacUrNi uttarAdhyayananiyukti ke AdhAra para likhI gaI hai| isameM saMyoga, pudgala baMdha, saMsthAna, vinaya, krodhAvaraNa, anuzAsana, parISaha, dharmavighna, maraNa, nirgrantha-paMcaka, bhayasaptaka, jJAna-kriyA, ekAnta prabhRti viSayoM para udAharaNa sahita prakAza DAlA hai| cUrNikAra ne viSayoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie prAcIna granthoM ke udAharaNa bhI die haiN| unhoMne apanA paricaya dete hue svayaM ko vANijyakulIna koTikagaNIya, vajrazAkhI, gopAlagaNI mahattara kA apane Apako ziSya kahA hai|323

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* 98 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayanacUrNi ye donoM eka hI AcArya kI kRtiyA~ haiM, kyoMki svayaM AcArya ne cUrNi meM likhA hai-- "maiM prakIrNa tapa kA varNana dazavaikAlikacUrNi meM kara cukA huuN|" isase spaSTa hai ki dazavaikAlikacUrNi ke pazcAt hI uttarAdhyayanacUrNi kI racanA huI hai| uttarAdhyayana kI TIkAe~ ziSyahitAvRtti (pAia TIkA) niyukti evaM bhASya prAkRta bhASA meM the| cUrNi meM pradhAna rUpa se prAkRta bhASA kA gauNa rUpa se saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga huaa| usake bAda saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAe~ likhI giiN| TIkAe~ saMkSipta aura vistRta donoM prakAra kI milatI haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke TIkAkAroM meM sarvaprathama nAma vAdIvaitAla zAntisUri kA hai| mahAkavi dhanapAla ke Agraha se zAntisUri ne caurAsI vAdiyoM ko sabhA meM parAjita kiyA jisase rAjA bhoja ne unheM 'vAdIvaitAla' kI upAdhi pradAna kii| unhoMne mahAkavi dhanapAla kI tilaka maMjarI kA saMzodhana kiyA thaa| uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA kA nAma ziSyahitAvRtti hai| isa TIkA meM prAkRta kI kathAoM va uddharaNoM kI bahulatA hone ke kAraNa isakA dUsarA nAma pAia TIkA bhI hai| yaha TIkA mUlasUtra aura niyukti ina donoM para hai| TIkA kI bhASA sarasa aura madhura hai| viSaya kI puSTi ke lie bhASya-gAthAe~ bhI dI gaI haiM aura sAtha hI pAThAntara bhii| prathama adhyayana kI vyAkhyA meM naya kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| naya kI saMkhyA para cintana karate hue likhA hai-pUrvavidoM ne saMkalanayasaMgrAhI sAta sau nayoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| usa samaya 'saptazata zatAra nayacakra' vidyamAna thaa| tatsaMgrAhI vidhi Adi kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA bAraha prakAra ke nayoM kA 'dvAdazAranayacakra' bhI vidyamAna thA aura vaha vartamAna meM bhI upalabdha hai| dvitIya adhyayana meM vaizeSika darzana ke praNetA kaNAda ne Izvara kI jo kalpanA kI aura vedoM ko apauruSeya kahA, usa kalpanA ko mithyA batAkara tArkika dRSTi se usakA samAdhAna kiyaa| acela parISaha para vivecana karate hue likhA-vastra dharma-sAdhanA meM ekAnta rUpa se bAdhaka nahIM hai| dharma kA mUla rUpa se bAdhaka tattva kaSAya hai| kaSAyayukta dhAraNa kiyA gayA vastra pAtrAdi kI taraha bAdhaka hai| jo dhArmika sAdhanA ke lie vastroM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha sAdhaka hai|

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 99 cauthe adhyayana meM jIva- prakaraNa para vicAra karate hue jIva-bhAvakaraNa ke zrutakaraNa aura no- zrutakaraNa ye do bheda kiye gaye haiM / punaH zrutakaraNa ke baddha aura abaddha ye do bheda haiN| baddha ke nizItha aura anizItha ye do bheda haiN| unake bhI laukika aura lokottara ye do bheda kiye gaye haiM / nizIthasUtra Adi lokottara nizItha hai aura bRhadAraNyaka Adi laukika nizItha haiN| AcArAMga Adi lokottara anizItha zruta haiM / purANa Adi laukika anizItha zruta haiM / laukika aura lokottara bheda se abaddha zruta ke bhI do prakAra haiM / abaddha zruta ke lie aneka kathAe~ dI gaI haiM / prastuta TIkA meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya, uttarAdhyayanacUrNi AvazyakacUrNi saptazatAranayacakra, nizItha, bRhadAraNyaka, uttarAdhyayanabhASya, strInirvANasUtra Adi granthoM ke nirdeza haiN| sAtha hI jinabhadra, bhartRhari, vAcaka siddhasena, vAcaka azvasena, vAtsyAyala, ziva zarmana, hArillavAcaka, gaMdhahastin, jinendrabuddhi prabhRti vyaktiyoM ke nAma bhI Aye haiM / vAdIvaitAla zAntisUri kA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI hai / sukhabodhAvRtti uttarAdhyayana para dUsarI TIkA AcArya nemicandra kI sukhabodhAvRtti hai / nemicandra kA aparanAma devendragaNI bhI thA / prastuta TIkA meM unhoMne aneka prAkRtika AkhyAna bhI uTTaMkita kiye haiM / unakI zailI para AcArya haribhadra aura vAdIvaitAla zAntisUri kA adhika prabhAva hai| zailI kI saralatA va sarasatA ke kAraNa usakA nAma sukhabodhA rakhA gayA hai| vRtti meM sarvaprathama tIrthaMkara, siddha, sAdhu, zruta, devatA ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / vRttikAra ne vRtti - nirmANa kA lakSya spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki zAntAcArya kI vRtti gambhIra aura bahuta artha vAlI hai / grantha ke anta meM svayaM ko gaccha, gurubhrAtA, vRtti-racanA ke sthAna, samaya Adi kA nirdeza kiyA hai| AcArya nemicandra bRhadgacchIya udyotanAcArya ke praziSya upAdhyAya Amradeva ke ziSya the| unake gurubhrAtA kA nAma municandrasUri thA, jinakI prabala preraNA se hI unhoMne bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa isa vRtti kI racanA kI / vikrama saMvat 1129 meM vRtti aNahilapATana meM pUrNa 4 huii| , usake pazcAt uttarAdhyayana para anya aneka vijJa muni tathA anya aneka vibhinna santoM va AcAryoM ne vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| hama yahA~ saMkSepa meM sUcana kara rahe

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*100* mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana haiN| vinayahaMsa ne uttarAdhyayana para eka vRtti kA nirmANa kiyaa| vinayahaMsa kahA~ ke the? yaha anveSaNIya hai| saMvat 1552 meM kIrtivallabha ne, saMvat 1554 meM upAdhyAya kamalasaMyata ne, saMvat 1550 meM taporana vAcaka, guNazekhara tathA lakSmIvallabha ne, saMvat 1689 meM bhAvavijaya tathA harSanandagaNI ne, saMvat 1750 meM upAdhyAya dharmamandira ne, saMvat 1546 meM udayasAgara, municandrasUri, jJAnazIlagaNI, ajitacandrasUri, rAjazIla, udayavijaya, megharAja vAcaka, nagarasIgaNI, ajitadevasUri, mANakyazekhara, jJAnasAgara Adi aneka manISiyoM ne uttarAdhyayana para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAe~ likhiiN| unameM se kitanIka TIkAe~ vistRta haiM to kitanI hI saMkSipta haiN| kitanI TIkAoM meM viSaya ko sarala va subodha banAne ke lie prasaMgAnusAra kathAoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| lokabhASAoM meM anuvAda aura vyAkhyAe~ saMskRta prAkRta bhASAoM kI TIkAoM ke pazcAt vividha lokabhASAoM meM saMkSipta TIkAoM kA yuga prArambha huaa| saMskRta bhASA kI TIkAoM meM viSaya ko sarala va subodha banAne kA prayAsa huA thA, sAtha hI una TIkAoM meM jIva, jagat, AtmA, paramAtmA, dravya Adi kI dArzanika gambhIra carcAe~ hone ke kAraNa jana-sAmAnya ke lie unheM samajhanA bahuta hI kaThina thaa| ataH lokabhASAoM meM sarala aura subodha zailI meM bAlAvabodha kI racanAe~ prArambha huiiN| bAlAvabodha ke racayitAoM meM pArzvacandragaNI aura AcArya muni dharmasiMha jI kA nAma Adara ke sAtha liyA jA sakatA hai| __bAlAvabodha ke bAda AgamoM ke anuvAda aMgrejI, gujarAtI aura hindI ina tIna bhASAoM meM mukhya rUpa se hue haiN| jarmana vidvAn DaoN. haramana jaikobI ne cAra AgamoM kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA, unameM uttarAdhyayana bhI eka hai| vaha anuvAda san 1895 meM oNksaphorDa se prakAzita huaa| usake pazcAt vahI anuvAda san 1964 meM motIlAla banArasIdAsa (dillI) ne prakAzita kiyaa| aMgrejI prastAvanA ke sAtha uttarAdhyayana jArla cArapeNTiyara, uppasAlA ne san 1922 meM prakAzita kiyaa| san 1954 meM Ara. DI. vADekara aura vaidya pUnA dvArA mUla grantha prakAzita huaa| san 1938 meM gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda, san 1934 meM hIrAlAla haMsarAja (jAmanagara vAloM) ne apUrNa gujarAtI anuvAda prakAzita kiyaa| san 1952 meM gujarAta vidyAsabhA,

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 101. ahamadAbAda se gujarAtI anuvAda TippaNoM ke sAtha eka se aThAraha adhyayana prakAzita hue| san 1954 meM jaina prAcya vidyA bhavana, ahamadAbAda se gujarAtI artha evaM dharmakathAoM ke sAtha eka se pandraha adhyayana prakAzita hue| saMvat 1992 meM muni santabAla jI ne bhI gujarAtI anuvAda prakAzita kiyaa| vIra saMvat 2446 meM AcArya amolaka RSi jI ne hindI anuvAda sahita uttarAdhyayana kA saMskaraNa nikaalaa| vIra saMvat 2489 meM zrI ratanalAla jI DozIsailAnA ne tathA vikrama saMvat 2010 meM paM. ghevaracanda jI bAMThiyA, bIkAnera ne evaM vikrama saMvat 1992 meM zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina kaoNnphreMsa, bambaI dvArA muni saubhAgyacandra santabAla jI ne hindI anuvAda prakAzita krvaayaa| san 1939 se 1942 taka upAdhyAya zrI AtmArAma jI ma. ne jainazAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura se uttarAdhyayana para hindI meM vistRta vivecana kiyaa| upAdhyAya zrI AtmArAma jI ma. kA yaha vivecana bhAvapUrNa, sarala aura Agama ke rahasya ko spaSTa karane meM sakSama hai| san 1967 meM muni nathamala jI ne mUla, chAyA, anuvAda, TippaNayukta abhinava saMskaraNa zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA se prakAzita kiyA hai| isa saMskaraNa ke TippaNa bhAvapUrNa haiN| san 1959 se 1961 taka pUjya zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma. ne uttarAdhyayana para saMskRta TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| vaha TIkA hindI, gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha jainazAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa se prakAzita huii| sanmati jJAna pITha, AgarA se sAdhvI zrI candanA jI ne mUla va bhAvAnuvAda tathA saMkSipta TippaNoM ke sAtha uttarAdhyayana kA saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA hai| usakA zrI durlabha jI kezava jI khetANI dvArA gujarAtI meM anuvAda bhI bambaI se prakAzita huA hai| ___ Agama-prabhAvaka zrI puNyavijaya jI ma. ne prAcInatama pratiyoM ke AdhAra para vividha pAThAntaroM ke sAtha jo zuddha Agama saMskaraNa mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI se prakAzita karavAye haiM unameM uttarAdhyayana bhI hai| dharmopadeSTA zrI phUlacanda jI ma. ne 'mUlasuttAgame' meM, muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI kamala ne 'mUlasuttANi' meM, mahAsatI zrI zIlaku~vara jI ne 'svAdhyAya sudhA' meM aura inake atirikta pandraha-bIsa sthAnoM se mUla pATha prakAzita huA hai| Adhunika yuga meM zatAdhika

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* 102 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana zramaNa-zramaNiyA~ uttarAdhyayana ko kaMThastha karate haiM tathA pratidina usakA svAdhyAya bhii| isase uttarAdhyayana kI mahattA svayaM siddha hai| uttarAdhyayana ke hindI meM padyAnuvAda bhI aneka sthaloM se prakAzita hue haiN| unameM zramaNasUrya marudharakesarI zrI mizrImala jI ma. tathA AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma. ke padyAnuvAda paThanIya haiN| isa taraha Aja taka uttarAdhyayana para atyadhika kArya huA hai| prastuta sampAdana (Agama samiti, byAvara kA) uttarAdhyayana ke vibhinna saMskaraNa samaya-samaya para prakAzita hote rahe haiM aura una saMskaraNoM kA apane Apa meM viziSTa mahattva bhI rahA hai| prastuta saMskaraNa Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) ke antargata prakAzita hone jA rahA hai| isa granthamAlA ke saMyojaka aura pradhAna sampAdaka haiM-zramaNasaMgha ke yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni jI m.| zrI madhukara muni jI ma. zAnta prakRti ke mUrdhanya manISI santarala haiN| unakA saMkalpa hai-Agama-sAhitya ko adhunAtana bhASA meM prakAzita kiyA jaae| usI saMkalpa ko mUrtarUpa dene ke lie hI svalpAvadhi meM aneka AgamoM ke abhinava saMskaraNa prabuddha pAThakoM ke kara-kamaloM meM pahuMca cuke haiM jisase jijJAsuoM ko Agama ke rahasya samajhane meM sahUliyata ho gaI hai| usI pavitra lar3I kI kar3I meM uttarAdhyayana kA yaha abhinava saMskaraNa hai| isa saMskaraNa kI yaha maulika vizeSatA hai ki isameM zuddha mUla pATha hai, bhAvAnuvAda hai aura sAtha hI vizeSa sthaloM para Agama ke gambhIra rahasya ko spaSTa karane ke lie prAcIna vyAkhyA-sAhitya ke AdhAra para sarala aura sarasa vivecana bhI hai| viSaya gambhIra hone para bhI prastutIkaraNa sarala aura subodha hai| isake sampAdaka, vivecaka aura anuvAdaka haiM-zrI rAjendra muni sAhityaratna, zAstrI, kAvyatIrtha, 'jaina siddhAntAcArya', jo parama zraddheya, rAjasthAnakesarI, adhyAtmayogI, upAdhyAya pUjya sadguruvarya zrI puSkara muni jI ma. ke praziSya haiM, jinhoMne sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM meM likhA hai| unakA Agama sampAdana kA yaha prathama prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai| yadi yuvAcAryazrI kA atyadhika Agraha nahIM hotA to sambhava hai, isa sampAdana-kArya meM aura bhI adhika vilamba hotaa| para yuvAcAryazrI kI prabala preraNA ne muni jI ko zIghra kArya sampanna karane ke lie

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 103 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.utprerita kiyaa| tathApi muni jI ne bahuta hI niSThA ke sAtha yaha kArya sampanna kiyA hai, isalie ve sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| uttarAdhyayana eka aisA viziSTa Agama hai, jisameM cAroM anuyogoM kA sundara samanvaya huA hai| yadyapi uttarAdhyayana kI parigaNanA dharmakathAnuyoga meM kI gaI hai, kyoMki isake chattIsa adhyayanoM meM se caudaha adhyayana dharmakathAtmaka haiN| prathama, tRtIya, caturtha, paMcama, SaSTha aura dazama ye chaha adhyayana upadezAtmaka haiN| ina adhyayanoM meM sAdhakoM ko vividha prakAra se upadezAtmaka preraNAe~ dI gaI haiN| dvitIya, gyArahavA~, solahavA~, sattarahavA~, caubIsavA~, chabbIsavA~, battIsavA~ aura paiMtIsavA~ adhyayana AcArAtmaka haiN| ina adhyayanoM meM zramaNAcAra kA gaharAI se vizleSaNa huA hai| aTThAIsavA~, unatIsavA~, tIsavA~, ikatIsavA~, tetIsavA~, cauMtIsavA~, chattIsavA~ ye sAta adhyayana saiddhAntika haiN| ina adhyayanoM meM saiddhAntika vizleSaNa gambhIratA ke sAtha huA hai| chattIsa adhyayanoM meM caudaha adhyayana dharmakathAtmaka hone se ise dharmakathAnuyoga meM liyA gayA hai| viSaya-bAhulya hone ke kAraNa pratyeka viSaya para bahuta hI vistAra ke sAtha sahaja rUpa se likhA jA sakatA hai| maiMne prastAvanA meM na atisaMkSipta aura na ativistRta zailI ko hI apanAyA hai| apitu madhyama zailI ko AdhAra banAkara uttarAdhyayana meM Aye hue vividha viSayoM para cintana kiyA hai| yadi vistAra ke sAtha una sabhI pahaluoM para likhA jAtA to eka virATkAya grantha sahaja rUpa se bana sakatA thaa| uttarAdhyayana kI tulanA zrImad bhAgavata gItA ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| isa dRSTi se pratibhAmUrti paM. muni zrI santabAla jI ne 'jaina dRSTie gItA' nAmaka grantha meM prayAsa kiyA hai| isI taraha kucha vidvAnoM ne uttarAdhyayana kI tulanA 'dhammapada' ke sAtha karane kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai| samanvayAtmaka dRSTi se yaha prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai| pArzvanAtha zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI se uttarAdhyayana para 'uttarAdhyayana : eka parizIlana' ke rUpa meM zodha prabandha bhI prakAzita huA hai| isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana para niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, saMskRta bhASAoM meM aneka TIkAe~ aura usake pazcAt vipula mAtrA meM hindI anuvAda aura vivecana likhe gaye haiM, jo isa Agama kI lokapriyatA kA jvalanta udAharaNa haiN| prabuddha varga isakA svAdhyAya kara apane jIvana ko AdhyAtmika Aloka se Alokita kareMge, yahI maMgala manISA !

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*104 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . -. uddhRta saMdarbha-sthala sUcI 1. (ka) tattvArthasUtra-paM. sukhalAla jI, vivecana, pRSTha 9 (kha) "anyathA hi anibaddhamaMgopAMgazaH samudraprataraNavad duradhyavaseyaM syaat|' -tattvArthabhASya 1-20 2. sukhabodhA samAcArI, pRSTha 31-34 3. paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1 kI prastAvanA meM, pRSTha 38 4. gAthAsahasrI meM samayasundaragaNI ne dhanapAlakRta 'zrAvaka vidhi' kA nimna uddharaNa diyA hai-'paNayAlIsaM Agama', zloka 297, pRSTha 18 5. (ka) vicAralesa, gAthA 344-351 (vicArasAra prakaraNa) (kha) "tatazcaturvidhaH kAryo'nuyogo'taH paraM myaa| tato'GgopAMgamUlAkhyagranthacchedakRtAgamaH // 241 // " -prabhAvakacaritam, dUsarA AryarakSita prabandha (pra. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda) 6. samAcArIzataka, patra 76 7. "Why these texts are called 'root sutras' is not quite clear. Generally the word Mula is used for fundamental text, in contradiction to the commentary. Now as there are old and important commentaries in existence precisely in the case of these texts they are probably termed 'Mula Texts'." -A History of Indian Literature, Part II, Page 446 8. "In the Buddhista Work Mahavyutpatti 245, 1265 Mulgrantha seems to mean original text that is the words of Buddha himself. Consequently there can be no doubt whatsoever that the Jainas too may have used Mula in the sense of 'Original text and perhaps not so much in opposition to the later abridgements and commentaries as merely to denote actual words of Mahavira himself." -The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Page 32 9. The word Mula Sutra is translated as trates originaux. -la-rilijiyana dI jaina, pRSTha 79 (La-Religion the Jain, Page 79) 10. "We find however the word 'Mula' often used in the sense of 'Original text' and it is but reasonable to hold that the word 'Mula' appearing in the expression Mula Sutra has got the same sense.

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 105 * Thus the term Mula Sutra would mean the 'Original test', i.e., "The text containing the original words of Mahavira (as received directly from his mouth)." And as a matter of fact we find that the style of Mula Sutras No. 183 ( uttarAdhyayana and dazavaikAlika) as sufficiently ancient to justify the claim made in their favour by original title, that they present and preserve the original words of Mahavira." 11. "AyArassa u uvariM, uttarajjhayaNA u Asi puvvaM tu / dasaveyAliya uvariM, iyANi kiM tena hovaMtI u // " -The Dashavaikalika Sutra-A Study, Page 16 - 12. "puvvaM satthapariNNA, adhIya paDhiyAi hoi uvaTTavaNA / iNhiMcchajjIvaNayA, kiM sA u na hou uvaTThavaNA // " - vyavahArabhASya, uddezaka 3, gAthA 176 (saMzodhaka muni mANaka., pra. vakIla kezavalAla premacanda, bhAvanagara) - vahI, uddezaka 3, gAthA 174 13. samAcArIzataka 14. " atha uttarAdhyayana-Avazyaka-1 - piNDaniryukti tathA oghaniryukti-dazavaikAlikaiti catvAri mUlasUtrANi / " - jainadharmavarastotra, zloka 30 kI svopajJa vRtti ( lekhaka - bhAvaprabhasUri, jhaverI jIvanacanda sAkaracandra ) 15. e hisTrI oNpha dI kenonikala liTarecara oNpha dI jainsa, pRSTha 44-45, lekhakaeca. Ara. kApar3iyA 16. " iccetassa suttapurisassa jaM suttaM, aMgabhAgaThitaM taM aMgapaviTTha bhaNNai / " - nandIsUtracUrNi, pRSTha 47 17. zrI AgamapuruSanuM rahasya, pRSTha 50 ke sAmane (zrI udayapura, mevAr3a ke hastalikhita bhaNDAra se prApta prAcIna) zrI AgamapuruSa kA citra 18. vahI, pRSTha 14 tathA 49 ke sAmane vAlA citra 19. "dasaveyAliyaM uttarajjhayaNaM / " - kaSAyapAhuDa ( jayadhavalA sahita ), bhAga 1, pRSTha 13/25 20. "dasaveyAlaM ca uttarajjhayaNaM / " - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), gAthA 367 21. "se kiM taM kAliyaM ? kAliyaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM taM jahA - uttarajjhayaNAI se kiM taM ukkAliyaM ? ukkAliyaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA - dasaveyAliyaM " - naMdIsUtra 43

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*106 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. - . - . - . - . - . - . - . 22. samavAyAMga, samavAya 36 23. nandIsUtra 43 24. uttarAdhyayana 36/268 25. uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 4, pRSTha 21, pA. Ti. 4 26. "etesiM ceva chattIsAe uttarajjhayaNANaM samudayasamitisamAgameNaM uttarajjhayaNabhAvasutakkhaMdhe tti labbhai, tANi puNa chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNANi imehiM nAmehiM annugNtvvaanni|" -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 8 27. "viNayasuyaM sauttaraM jIvAjIvAbhigamo Niruttaro, sarvottara ityarthaH, sesajjhayaNANi sauttarANi NiruttarANi ya, kahaM ? parIsahA viNayasuyassa uttarA cauraMgijjassa tu puvvA iti kAuM nniruttrN|" -vahI, pRSTha 6 28. "kamauttareNa pagayaM, AyArasseva uvarimAiM tu| tamhA u uttarA khalu, ajjhayaNA huMti NAyavvA // " -vahI, gAthA 3 29. "vizeSazcAyaM yathA-zayyambhavaM yAvadeSa kramaH tadA''ratastu dazavaikAlikottarakAlaM paThyanta iti|" -uttarAdhyayana bRhavRtti, patra 5 30. "uttarajjhayaNaM uttarapadANi vnnnnei|" -dhavalA, pRSTha 97 31. "uttarANi ahijjaMti, uttarajjhayaNaM padaM jinniNdehi|' -aMgapaNNatti 3/25-26 32. (ka) "ajjhappassANayaNaM kammANaM, avacao uvciyaannN| aNuvacao va NavANaM, tamhA ajjhynnmicchNti|| ahigammati va atthA aNeNa, ahiyaM va nnynnmicchti| ahiyaM va sAhu gacchai, tamhA ajjhynnmicchNti||" -uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 6-7 (kha) uttarAdhyayana bRhavRtti, pRSTha 6-7 (ga) uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 7 33. "aMgappabhavA jiNabhAsiyA, ya ptteybuddhsNvaayaa| baMdhe mukkhe ya kayA, chattIsaM uttrjjhynnaa||' -uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 4 34. "kammappavAyapuvve sattarase, pAhuDaMmi jaM suttN| ___ saNayaM sodAharaNaM taM, ceva ihaMpi NAyavyaM / / " --vahI, gAthA 69 35. (ka) "jiNabhAsiyA jahA dumpttgaadi|" -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 7 (kha) "jinabhASitAni yathA drumpusspikaa'dhyynm|' -uttarAdhyayana bRhavRtti, patra 5

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *107 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.36. (ka) "patteyabuddhabhAsiyANi jahA kaavilijjaadi|" -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 7 (kha) pratyekabuddhAH kapilAdayaH tebhya utpannAni yathA kaapiliyaadhyynm|" / -uttarAdhyayana bRhavRtti, patra 5 37. "saMvAo jahA NamipavvajjA kesigoyamejjaM c|' -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 7 38. "evaM se udAhu aNuttaranANI, annuttrnaanndNsnndhre| arahA nAyaputte, bhagavaM vesAlie viyaahie||" -uttarAdhyayana 6/18 39. "ii esa dhamme akkhAe, kavileNaM ca visuddhpnnennN| tarihinti je u kAhinti, tehiM ArAhiyA duve logaa||' -uttarAdhyayana 8/20 40. "evaM karenti saMbuddhA, paMDiyA pviykkhnnaa| viNiyaTTanti bhogesu, jahA se namI raayrisii||' -vahI 9/62 41. "tosiyA parisA savvA, sammaggaM smuvtttthiyaa| saMthuyA te pasIyantu, bhayavaM kesigoyame // " -vahI 23/89 42. (ka) dekhie-dasaveAliyaM taha uttarajjhayaNaM kI bhUmikA, AcArya tulasI (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI bhUmikA, kavi amara muni jI 43. "atra dhmmaannuyogenaadhikaarH|" -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 9 44. uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 9 45. kalpasUtra 46. "tevIsai sUyagaDe, rUvAhiesu suresu a| je bhikkhU jayaI niccaM, se na acchai maNDale // paNavIsabhAvaNAhiM, uddesesu dsaainnN| je bhikkhU jayaI niccaM, se na acchai maNDale // aNagAraguNehiM ca, pakappammi taheva y| je bhikkhU jayaI niccaM, se na acchai mnnddle||' -uttarAdhyayana 31/16.18 47. (ka) "vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM pAINaM, cerimasayalasuyaNANiM / suttassa kAragamisiM, dasAsu kappe ya vvhaare||" -dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti, gAthA 1 (kha) "teNa bhagavatA AyArapakappa-dasAkappa-vavahArA va navamapuvvanIsaMdabhUtA nijjuuddhaa|" ___-paMcakalpabhASya, gAthA 23 cUrNi 48. (ka) "sAmAiyamAiyAI ekkArasaaMgAI ahijji|' -antakRddazA, prathama varga (kha) bArasaMgI -vahI, varga 4, adhyayana 1 (ga) "sAmAiyamAiyAiM coddasapuvvAiM ahijji|' -vahI, varga 3, adhyayana 1

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- . - . - . - . - . -. - . * 108 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 49. "so hoi abhigamaruI, suyanANaM jema atthao dihuuN| ekkArasa aMgAI, paiNNagaM diTThivAo y||' -uttarAdhyayana 28/23 50. dravya- "guNANamAsao dvvN|' (dravya guNoM kA Azraya hai|) tulanA kareM"kriyAguNavat samavAyikAraNamiti drvylkssnnm|" -vaizeSikadarzana, prathama adhyayana, prathama Ahnika, sUtra 15 51. guNa-"egadavvassiyA gunnaa|" tulanA kareM"dravyAzrayyaguNavAn saMyogavibhAgeSvakAraNamanapekSa iti gunnlkssnnm|" -vahI, prathama adhyayana, prathama Ahnika, sUtra 16 52. paryAya-"lakkhaNaM pajjavANaM tu ubhao assiyA bhve|" -uttarAdhyayana 53. "uttarajjhayaNaM uggammuppAyaNesaNadosagayapAyacchittavihANaM kAlAdivisesidaM vnnnnedi|" -dhavalA, patra 545 (hastalikhita prati) 54. "uttarajjhayaNaM uttarapadANi vnnnnei|" -vahI, pRSTha 97 (sahAranapura prati) 55. "uttarANi ahijjaMti, uttarajjhayaNaM padaM jinniNdehi| bAvIsaparIsahANaM, uvasaggANaM ca shnnvihiN|| vaNNedi tapphalamavi, evaM paNhe ca uttaraM evN| kahadi gurusIsayANa, paiNNiya aTThamaM tu khu||" -aMgapaNNatti 3/25-26 56. "uttarAdhyayanaM vIra-nirvANagamanaM tthaa|" -harivaMzapurANa 10/134 57. "yadgaNadharaziSyapraziSyairArAtIyairadhigatazrutArthatattvaiH kAladoSAdalpamedhAyurbalAnAM prANinAmanugrahArthamupanibaddhaM saMkSiptAMgArthavacanavinyAsaM tadaMgabAhyam tadbhedA uttraadhyynaadyo'nekvidhaaH|" -tattvArthavArtika 1/20, pRSTha 78 58. samavAyAMga, samavAya 36 59. uttarAdhyayananiyukti 18-26 60. kalpasUtra 146, pRSTha 210, devendra muni sampAdita 61. uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 281 62. uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti, patra 712 63. "athavA pAukare tti prAdurakArSIt prakAzitavAn, zeSaM pUrvavat, navaraM 'parinirvRttaH' krodhAdidahanopazamataH smntaatsvsthiibhuutH|" -uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti, patra 712 64. "tamhA jiNapannatte, aNaMtagamapajjavehi sNjutte| ajjhAe jahAjogaM, guruppasAyA ahinjhijjA // ' -uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 559 65. "tasmAjjinaiH zrutajinAdibhiH prruupitaaH|" -uttarAdhyayana bRhavRtti, patra 713 66. samavAyAMga 55

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 109 67. "ityevaMrUpaM 'pAukare' tti prAdurakArSIt prakaTitavAn 'buddhaH' avagatatattvaH san jJAta eva jJAtakaH jagatpratItaH kSatriyo vA sa ceha prastAvAnmamahAvIra eva, parinirvRttaH kaSAyAnalavidhyApanAtsamantAcchItIbhUtaH / " - uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti, patra 444 68. (ka) dasaveAliyaM taha uttarajjhayaNANi kI bhUmikA (AcArya zrI tulasI) (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - upAdhyAya amara muni kI bhUmikA 69. "mArgAcyavananirjarArthaM pariSoDhavyAH parISahAH / " - tattvArthasUtra 9/8 70. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 2 71. samavAyAMga, samavAya 22 72. tattvArthasUtra 9/8 73. samavAyAMga 22 74. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 9 75. pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 686 76. bhagavatIsUtra 8/8 77. "sUkSmasamparAyacchadmasthavItarAgayozcaturdaza / " 78. "ekAdaza jine / " 79. tattvArthasUtra (paM. sukhalAla jI saMghavI), pRSTha 216 80. "sItaM ca uNhaM ca khudaM pipAsaM, vAtAtape DaMsa sirIsipe ca / sabbAnipetAni abhisaMbhavitvA, eko care khaggavisANakappo // " "chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNA pa. taM. - viNayasuyaM 82. "paMcaviho a mAo, ihamajjhayaNaMmi appamAo ya vaNija u jamhA, teNa pamAyappamAyaMti // " - uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 181 83. anuyogadvAra, sUtra 130 : pATha ke lie dekhiye pRSTha 39, pA. Ti. 1 84. saMyuktanikAya 21-2-4-5 85. (ka) vahI 34-2-4-4 81. - suttanipAta, uragavagga 3-18 asaMkhyaM - tattvArthasUtra 9/10 -vahI 9/11 (kha) History of Suicide in India - Dr. Upendra Thakur, page 107 86. "atimAnAdatikrodhAtsnehAdvA yadi vA bhayAt / uddbadhnIyAtstrI pumAnvA gatireSA vidhIyate // pUyazoNitasampUrNe, andhe tamasi majjati / SaSTivarSasahastrANi, narakaM pratipadyate // " !" - samavAyAMga, samavAya 36 - pArAzarasmRti 4-1-2

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*110* mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana . - . - . - . - . - . 87. mahAbhArata, Adiparva 179, 20 88. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa 83, 83 89. "AtmanaM ghnnntiityaatmhnH| ke te janAH ye'vidvAMsa - - - 'avidyAdoSeNa vidyamAnasyAtmanastiraskaraNAt prAkRtavidvAMso Atmahana ucynte|" 90. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 4, 4-11 91. mahAbhArata, Adiparva 178-20 92. manusmRti 5, 89 93. yAjJavalkya 3, 6 94. uSansmRti 7, 2 95. kUrmapurANa, uttarAdhyayana 23-73 96. agnipurANa 157-32 97. pArAzarasmRti 4, 4-7 98. "surAM pItvA dvijo, mahodagnirNA surAM pivet| tayA sa kAye nirdagdhe, mucyate kilviSAttataH // " ___ -manusmRti 11, 90-91, 103-104 99. yAjJavalkyasmRti 3-248, 3-253 100. gautamasmRti 23, 1 101. (ka) vaziSThasmRti 20, 13-14 (kha) "AcArya-putra-ziSya-bhAryAsu caivm|' -vaziSThasmRti 12-15 102. ApastaMbIya dharmasUtra 19, 25, 1-7 103. mahAbhArata-anuzAsanaparva, 12 104. vahI 25, 61-64 105. mahAbhArata-vanaparva 85, 83 106. matsyapurANa 186, 34-35 107. na vedavacanAt tAta ! na lokvcnaadpi| matirutkramaNIyA te prayAgamaraNaM prti||' -mahAbhArata, vanaparva 85, 83 108. kUrmapurANa 1, 36, 147; 1, 373, 4 / / 109. padmapurANa AdikANDa 44-3, 1-16-14, 15 110. skandapurANa 22, 76 111. matsyapurANa 186, 34-35 112. brahmapurANa 68, 75, 177, 16-17, 177, 25

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : 111 113. liGgapurANa 92, 168-169 114. Thou shalt not kill, neither thyself nor another. 115. visuddhimaggo, vinayapiTaka 116. (ka) "zrI sudharmasvAmino'STau sUrIn yAvat nirgranthAH / " - tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ( paM. kalyANavijaya saMpAdita ), bhAga 1, pRSTha 253 (kha) "nighaMThesu pi me kaTe () ime viyApaTA hohaMti / " dillI - ToparA kA saptama stambha lekha 117. samavAyAMga, samavAya 36 118. "urabhAuNAmagoyaM, veyaMto bhAvao u orabbho / tatto samuTThiyamiNaM, urabbhijjanti ajjhayaNaM // " - uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 246 119. anuyogadvAra, sUtra 130 120. 'tAhe tANavi paMcavi corasayANi tAle kuTTeti so'vi gAyati dhuvagaM, "adhuve asAsayaMmi, saMsAraMmi dukkhapaurAe / kiM NAma taM hoja kammayaM, jeNAhaM duggaiM Na gacchejjA // 1 // '' evaM savvattha silogantare dhuvagaM gAyati 'adhuvetyAdi', tattha kei paDhamasiloge saMbuddhA, kei bIe, evaM jAva paMcavi sayA saMbuddhA pavvatiyatti / sa hi bhagavAna kapilanAmA dhuvakaM saGgItavAn / - vRhadvRtti, patra 289 121. "geyaM NAma sarasaMcAreNa, jadhA kAvilije - " adhuve dukkhapaurAe / na gacchejA / " 122. "gRhastha eva yajate, gRhasthastapyate tapaH / caturNAmAzramANAM tu, gRhasthazca viziSyate // yathA nadI nadAH sarve, samudre yAnti saMsthitim / evamAzramiNaH sarve, gRhasthe yAnti saMsthitim // " - vAziSThadharmazAstra 8/14-15 123. "parijUriyaperaMtaM, calaMtabiMTaM paDatanicchIraM / pattaM vasaNappattaM, kAlappattaM bhaNai gAhaM // 120 // jaha tubhe taha amhe, tumhe'vi hohihA jahA amhe / appAI paDataM, paMDuyapattaM kisalayANaM // 121 // " - anuyogadvAra, sUtra 146 124. "parihattA-parivrAjakA ekadaNDitridaNDyAdayaH snAnazIlAH zucivAdinaH / " -mUlAcAra, paMcAcArAdhikAra 62, vRtti 125. nizIthasUtra, bhAga 2, pRSTha 2-3, 332 126. sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/3/8 vRtti 127. mUlAcAra, paMcAcArAdhikAra 62 asAsayaMmi, saMsArammi - sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, pRSTha 7

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112 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 128. Sacred Book of the Buddhists, Vol. XI, Part II, LVII, page 400-405 129. (ka) "uNhAhitatte mehAvI, siNANaM no vi patthae / gAyaM no parisiMcejjA, na vIejjA ya appayaM // " (kha) uttarAdhyayana 15/8 130. AcAracUlA 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 13 131. sUtrakRtAMga 1, 7, 21-22; 1, 9, 13 132. dazavaikAlika, adhyayana 6, gAthA 60-61 133. "pAosiNANAdisu Natthi mokkho / " 134. vaidika saMskRti kA vikAsa, pRSTha 40 - uttarAdhyayana 2/9 135. uttarAdhyayana 12 / 38-44; 25/5-16 136. dIghanikAya 1/5, pR. 53-55 137. jAtaka, caturtha khaNDa 497, mAtaMga jAtaka, pRSTha 583-597 138. dharmakathAnuyoga : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, lekhaka - devendra muni zAstrI 139. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 17 (1935-1936) 'A Few Parallels in Jains and Buddhist Works', Page 345, by A.M. Ghatge, M.A. This must have also led the writer to include the other story in the same Jataka. And such an attitude, must have arisen in later times as the effect of sectarian bias. - sUtrakRtAMga 1, 7, 13 140. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Voi. 17 (1935-1936) 'A Few Parallels in Jain and Buddhist Works', Page 345, by A.M. Ghatage, M.A. 141. "Asimo bhAyarA do vi, annamannavasANugA / annamannamaNUrattA, annamannahiesiNo // dAsA dasaNe AsI, miyA kAliMjare nage / haMsA mayaMgatIre, sovAgA kAsibhUmie // devAya devalommi, Asi amhe mahiDDhiyA / imAno chuTTiyA jAI, annamantreNa jA viNA // " 142. jAtaka, saMkhyA 498, caturtha khaNDa, pRSTha 600 143. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 17 (1935-1936) 'A Few Parallels in Jain and Buddhist Works', Page 342-343, by A.M. Ghatage, M.A. 144. "usuAranAmagoe veyaMto, bhAvao a usuAro / tatto samuTThiyamiNaM, usuArijjaMti ajjhayaNaM // " - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 13/5-7 - uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 362

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *113 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. 145. "aputrasya gatirnAsti, svargo naiva ca naiva c| gRhidharmamanuSThAya, tena svargaM gmissyti||" 146. "sImaMdharo ya rAyA / " -uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 373 147. "atra ceSukAramiti rAjyakAlanAmnA sImandharazceti maulikanAmneti smbhaavyaamH|" -bRhadvRtti, patra 394 148. "This legend certainly presents a rather striking resemblance to the prose introduction of the Jataka 509 and must consequently be old." -The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Page 332, Foot Note No.2 149. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 17 (1935-1936) 'A Few Parallels in Jain and Buddhist Works', Page 343-344. uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 14, gAthA 4; mahAbhArata-zAntiparva, a. 175, zloka 23; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 9; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, zloka 6; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 12; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, zloka 71, 18, 25, 26, 36; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 15; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, pU. 20-22; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 17; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, pU. 37-38; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 21; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, pU. 7; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 22; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, zloka 8; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 23; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, zloka 9; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 25; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, zloka 10-12; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 28; mahA. zAnti., a. 175, zloka 15; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 37; mahA. zAnti., a. 17, zloka 39 151. uttarA., a. 14, gA. 9; hastIpAla jAtaka saMkhyA 509, gA. 4; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 12; hastI. jA. saM. 509, gA. 5; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 13; hastI. jA. saM. 509, gA. 11; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 15; hastI. jA. saM. 509, gA. 12; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 20; hastI. jA. saM. 509, gA. 10; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 27; hastI. jA. saM. 509, gA. 7; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 38; hastI. jA. saM. 509, gA. 18; uttarA., a. 14, gA. 48, hastI. jA. saM. 509, gA. 20 152. jAtaka saMkhyA 509, 5vA~ khaNDa, pRSTha 75 153. "The verses from 49 to the end of the chapter certainly do not belong to original legend, but must have been composed by the Jain author." -The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Page 335 154. mArkaNDeyapurANa 10/11-12 155. vahI 10/16-17

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* 114 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -dazavakA 156. vahI 10/27-29 157. vahI 10/34-35 158. vahI 10/37, 44 159. The Jainas in the History of Indian Literature, Page 7 160. Beyond the Pleasure Principle-S. Freud. uddhRta adhyAtmayoga aura citta-vikalana, pRSTha 246 161. "dhUvaNetti nAma AroggapaDikammaM karei dhUmaMpi, imAe sogAiNo na bhvissNti|" -dazavakAlika-jinadAsacUrNi, pRSTha 115 162. "dhUma-manaH shilaadismbndhi|" -uttarAdhyayana-nemicandravRtti, pRSTa 217 163. carakasaMhitA, sUtra 5/23 164. "anujAnAmi bhikkhave dhUmanettaM ti !" -vinayapiTaka, mahAvagga 6/2/7 165. vahI, mahAvagga 6/2/7 166. sUtrakRtAMga 1/9/12, pa. 180 TIkA 167. caraka, siddhisthAna 1 168. (ka) dazavaikAlika-agastyasiMhacUrNi, pRSTha 62 (kha) sUtrakRtAMga TIkA 1/9/12, pRSTha 180 169. "rasAd raktaM tato mAMsaM, mAMsAn medastato'sthi c| asthibhyo majjA tataH shukr,..|" -aSTAMgahRdaya, adhyayana 3, zloka 6 170. mUlAcAra 11/13-14 171. anagAradharmAmRta 4/61 172. "brahmacaryaM sadA, rakSedaSTadhA maithunaM pRthk| smaraNaM kIrtaM naM keliH, prekSaNaM guhybhaassnnm|| saMkalpo'dhyavasAyazca, kriyAniSpattireva c| etanmaithunamaSTAGga, pravadanti mniissinnH|| na dhyAtavyaM na vaktavyaM, na karttavyaM kdaacn| etaiH sarvaiH susampanno, yatirbhavati netrH||" -dakSasmRti 7/31-33 173. (ka) suttanipAta 1/11 (kha) vizuddhimagga (prathama bhAga), pariccheda 8, pRSTha 218-260 (ga) dIghanikAya (mahAparinivvANasutta) 2/3 174. kumbhakArajAtaka (saMkhyA 408) jAtaka, caturtha khaNDa, pRSTha 39 175. vahI, pRSTha 37

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 115 176. vahI, pRSTha 39-40 177. vahI, pRSTha 39 178. The Jainas in the History of Indian Literature, Page 8 179. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 178, 218, 276 180. bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 13, uddezaka 6 181. uttarAdhyayanasUtra- bhAvagaNi viracita vRtti, adhyayana 18, patra 380 -388 182. avadAna kalpalatA - avadAna 40, kSemendra saM. zaratcandradAsa aura paM. harimohana vidyAbhUSaNa 183. divyAvadAna - rudrAyaNAvadAna 37, saM. DaoN. pI. ela. vaidya, prakAzaka - mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA - AvazyakacUrNi, pUrvArddha patra 399 184. "uddAyaNa rAyA, taavsbhtto|" 185. uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhAvRtti, patra 256 186. sthAnAMgasUtra, ThANA 8, sUtra 41 187. antagaDadazAsUtra, varga 6 188. vipAkasUtra, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 1 189. vyAkhyAprajJapti 190. uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhAvRtti, patra 259 191. vipAkasUtra, zrutaskandha 2, adhyayana 7 192. "niggaMthANaM ti vippamukkattA nirUvijjati / " 193. sUtrakRtAMga 1/16/6 194. "granthaH karmASTavidhaM mithyAtvAviratiduSTayogAzca / , - dazavaikAlika, agastyasiMhacUrNi, pRSTha 59 tahetorazaThaM, saMyatate yaH sa nirgranthaH // " - prazamaratiprakaraNa, zloka 142 195. dIghanikAya, bhAga 2, pRSTha 91 196. hindU sivilAijezana, pRSTha 187 197. Rgveda 1/25/7, 1/48/3, 1/56/2, 1/116/3, 2/48/3, 7/88/3-4 198. paNDAra jAtaka 2/128, 5/75 199. saMyuktanikAya 2/115, 5/51 200. aMguttaranikAya 4/27 201. dIghanikAya 1/222 202. Avazyakaniryukti 214

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*116 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 203. (ka) bRhatkalpa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 342 (kha) AcArAMgacUrNi, pRSTha 281 204. sUtrakRtAMga 1/11/5 205. uttarAdhyayana 8/6 206. sUtrakRtAMga 2/7/69 207. jJAtAdharmakathA 1/9 208. vahI 1/17, pRSTha 201 209. sUtrakRtAMga 4/1/22 210. nizIthacUrNi 15/5060 kI cUrNi 211. manusmRti 8/374 212. yAjJavalkyasmRti 3/5/232 213. viSNupurANa 4/14/21 214. harivaMzapurANa 18/6-16 AcArya jinasena 215. uttarapurANa 70/10 216. (ka) dekhie-lekhaka kA bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa : eka anuzIlana (kha) enzieNTa iNDiyana hisTorikala TreDIzana, pRSTha 104-107 pArajITara 217. uttarAdhyayana 22-31 218. bhagavatIsUtra 1/9 219. vahI 9/32 220. vahI 5/9 221. sUtrakRtAMga 2/7 222. jAbAlopaniSad 5 223. nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad 3/8/6 224. tejobindUpaniSad 1/3 225. yAjJavalkyopaniSad 2/1 226. AruNikopaniSad 3 . 227. gItA 6/10 228. yogasUtra 2/30 229. "It is therefore probable that the Jain as have borrowed their own ___Vows from the Brahmans, not from the Buddhists." -The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXII, Introduction, Page 24

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *117* .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. 230. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma, bhUmikA, pRSTha 6 231. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pRSTha 125 232. dekhie-lekhaka kA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 233. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 23/58 234. "caMcalaM hi manaH kRSNa ! pramAthi balavat dRddhm| tasyAhaM nigrahaM manye, vAyoriva sudusskrm||" -gItA 6/34 ___ "abhyAsena tu kaunteya ! vairAgyeNa ca gRhyte|" -vahI 6/35 235. "abhyAsa-vairAgyAbhyAM tnnirodhH|" -pAtaMjala yogadarzana 236. samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 36 237. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 458-459 238. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 24, gAthA 1 239. nandIsUtra-sthavirAvalI, gAthA 1 240. sam-ekIbhAvena, itiH-pravRttiH samitiH 241. tattvArthasUtra, adhyayana 9, sUtra 4 242. mUlArAdhanA 6, 1202 243. Rgveda-vaidika saMskRti kA vikAsa, pRSTha 40 244. uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 26 245. bhagavatIsUtra 25/7 246. sthAnAMga 10, sUtra 749 247. "samadA sAmAcAro, sammAcAro samo va aacaaro| savvesiM sammANaM, samAcAro hu aacaaro||" -mUlAcAra, gAthA 123 248. jaina AcAra : siddhAnta aura svarUpa grantha (lekhaka-devendra muni, pRSTha 899-910) 249. "samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokssmaargH|" -tattvArthasUtra, adhyayana 1, sUtra 1 250. (ka) sAikolaoNjI eNDa moralsa, pRSTha 189 (kha) dekhie-jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanAmArga (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina) 251. suttanipAta 10/2 252. vahI 10/4 253. "saddahAno labhate pnyj|" -suttanipAta 10/6 254. gItA 10/30 255. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 187-190 256. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa 5, pRSTha 2425

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118 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 257. "samattadaMsI na karei pAvaM / " 258. sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/22-23 259. vahI 1/8/22-23 260. gItA - zAMkarabhASya 18/12 261. bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pRSTha 71-72 262. uttarAdhyayana 28-35 263. vahI 29/27 264. Rgveda 10/190/1 265. manusmRti 11 / 243 266. muNDakopaniSad 1/1/8 267. atharvaveda 11/3/5/19 268. satyapathabrAhmaNa 3/4/4/27 269. manusmRti 11 / 237 270. vahI 11 / 238 271. vahI 11 / 239 272. suttanipAta 16/10 273. aMguttaranikAya diTThaThivijasutta 274. majjhimanikAya, mahAsiMhanAdasutta 275. suttanipAta 27/20 276. majjhimanikAya, kandarasutta, pRSTha 207 - 210 277. gItA 17/14-16 278. vahI 17/17-19 279. samavAyAMga, abhayadevavRtti 21 280. uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 520 281 sthAnAMga 6, sUtra 502 282. pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 207, gAthA 1122-1123 283. (ka) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 523-524 (kha) uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti, patra 620 284. "IzvaraH kAraNaM puruSakarmAphalasya darzanAt / " 285. "antaraH karaNadharmatvaM dharmAdInAm / " 286. bhagavatIsUtra 12/120 - AcArAMga 3/3/2 - nyAyasUtra 4 / 1 - sAMkhyasUtra 5 / 25

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uttarAdhyayanasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 119 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. -.-.-.------ 287. "karmajaM lokavaicitryaM cetanA mAnasaM ca tt|" -abhidharmakoza 4/1 288. "ahigAro kmmlesaae|" ___-uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 541 289. "lezayati zleSayatIvAtmani jananayanAnIti lezyA-atIva cakSurAkSepikA snigdhadIptarUpA chaayaa|" -uttarAdhyayana vRhadvRtti, patra 650 290. mUlArAdhanA 7/1907 291. (ka) gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 494 (kha) uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 539 292. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 540 293. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 489 294. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalAvRtti 7/2/1, sUtra 3, pRSTha 7 295. tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi 2/6 296. tattvArtharAjavArtika 2/6/8, pRSTha 109 297. "karmadravyalezyA iti sAmAnyA'bhidhAne'pi zarIranAmakarmadravyANyeva krmdrvyleshyaa| kArmaNazarIravat pRthageva karmASTakAt karmavargaNAniSpannAni karmalezyAdravyANIti tattvaM punH|'-uttraadhyynsuutr, adhyayana 34 TIkA, pRSTha 650 298. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 34 TIkA, pRSTha 650 zAntisUri 299. prajJApanA 17 TIkA, pRSTha 330 300. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa 531 301. "bhAvalezyA kaSAyodayaraMjitA yogapravRttiriti kRtvA audyikiityucyte|" -sarvArthasiddhi, adhyayana 2, sUtra 2 302. "jogapauttI lessA kasAyaudayANuraMjiyA hodi| tatte doNNaM kajjaM bandhacautthaM samuddiThaM // " -jIvakANDa 486 303. dekhie lekhaka kA prastuta grantha-'cintana ke vividha AyAma' (lezyA : eka vizleSaNa lekha) 304. zatapathabrAhmaNa 14/5/3/1 305. bRhadAraNyaka 2/3/1 306. viSNupurANa 307. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/4 308. bhAratIya saMskRti, pRSTha 229 309. ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana eNDa ethiksa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 199-200 310. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 36/107-126

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120 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 311. vahI 36/171 312. vahI 36/179 313. AcArAMga 1/9/1/14 314. prajJApanA, prathama pada 315. jIvAjIvAbhigama, pratipatti 1 - 9 316. uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 1 317. uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 3 318. uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 5, 7 319. uttarAdhyayananiyukti, gAthA 52 320. uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 65-68 321. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 149 - 150 322. uttarAdhyayananiryukti, gAthA 159-178 323. "vANijakulasaMbhUo, koDiyagaNio u vayarasAhIto / govAliyamahattarao, vikkhAo Asi logaMmi // 1 // sasamayaparasamayaviU, oyassI dittimaM sugaMbhIro / sIsagaNasaMparivuDo, vakkhANaratippio AsI // 2 // tesiM sIseNa imaM, uttarajjhayaNANa cuNNikhaMDaM tu / raiyaM aNuggahatthaM, sIsANaM maMdabuddhINaM // 3 // jaM etthaM ussuttaM, ayANamANeNa viratitaM hojjA / taM aNuogadharA me, aNuciMteuM samAreMtu // 4 // - uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 283 324. "vizrutasya mahIpIThe, bRhadgacchasya maNDanam / zrImAn vihArukapraSThaH, sUrirudyotanAbhidhaH // 9 // ziSyastasyA''devo' bhUdupAdhyAyaH satAM mataH / yatraikAntaguNApUrNe, doSairlebhe padaM na tu // 10 // zrInemicandrasUriruddhRtavAn, vRttikAM tadvineyaH / gurusodarya zrImanmunicandrAcAryavacanena // 11 // "

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dazavaikAlika sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana cirantana satya kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama : sAhitya AtmA aura anAtmA saMbaMdhI bhAvanAoM kI yathAtathya abhivyakti sAhitya hai| sAhitya kisI bhI deza, samAja yA vyakti kI sAmayika samasyAoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai, vaha sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika satya-tathya para AdhRta hai| sAhitya sampradAya-vizeSa meM janma lekara bhI sampradAya ke saMkIrNa ghere meM Abaddha nahIM hotaa| phUla miTTI meM janma lekara bhI miTTI se pRthak hotA hai aura saurabha phUla meM utpanna hokara bhI phUla se pRthak astittva rakhatA hai| yahI sthiti sAhitya kI hai| sAhitya mAnava ke vimala vicAroM kA akSaya koSa hai| sAhitya meM jahA~ utkRSTa AcAra aura vicAra kA citraNa hotA hai vahA~ utthAna-patana, sukha-duHkha, AzA-nirAzA kI bhI sahaja abhivyakti hotI hai| yadi hama vizva-sAhitya kA gaharAI se paryavekSaNa kareM to spaSTa parijJAta hogA ki saundarya-suSamA ko nihArakara mAnava pulakita hotA rahA hai to kAruNyapUrNa sthiti ko nihArakara karuNA kI azrudhArA bhI pravAhita karatA rahA hai| jahA~ usane jIvana-nirmANa ke lie anamola Adarza upasthita kie haiM, vahA~ jIvana ko patana se bacAne kA mArga bhI sujhAyA hai| jIvana aura jagat kI, AtmA aura paramAtmA kI vyAkhyAe~ karanA sAhitya kA sadA lakSya rahA hai| isa prakAra sAhitya meM sAdhanA aura anubhUti kA, satyama, zivama, sUndarama kA adbhuta samanvaya hai| sAhityakAra vicAra-sAgara meM gaharAI se DubakI lagAkara cintana kI muktAe~ baTorakara unheM isa prakAra zabdoM kI lar3I kI kar3I meM pirotA hai ki dekhane vAlA vismita ho jAtA hai| jIvana kI nazvaratA aura apUrNatA kI anubhUti to prAyaH sabhI karate haiM, para sabhI use abhivyakta nahIM kara paate| kucha viziSTa vyakti hI zabdoM ke dvArA usa nazvaratA aura apUrNatA ko citrita kara evaM jana-jana ke antarmAnasa meM tyAga aura vairAgya kI bhAvanA ubuddha kara unheM Atma-darzana ke lie utprerita karate haiN| cirantana satya kI abhivyakti sAhitya ke mAdhyama se hotI hai|

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* 124 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana vaicArika krAnti kA jItA-jAgatA pratIka : prAkRta sAhitya prAkRta sAhitya kA udbhava jana-sAmAnya kI vaicArika krAnti ke phalasvarUpa huA hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra aura tathAgata buddha ke samaya saMskRta AbhijAtya varga kI bhASA thii| ve usa bhASA meM apane vicAra vyakta karane meM gauravAnubhUti karate the| jana-bolI ko ve ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhate the| aisI sthiti meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra aura tathAgata buddha ne usa yuga kI jana-bolI prAkRta aura pAlI ko apnaayaa| yahI kAraNa hai, jaina AgamoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai aura bauddha tripiTakoM kI bhASA pAlI hai| donoM bhASAoM meM adbhuta sAMskRtika aikya hai| donoM bhASAoM kA udgama bindu bhI eka hai, prAyaH donoM kA vikAsa bhI samAna rUpa se hI huA hai| samavAyAGga' aura aupapAtikasUtra ke anusAra sabhI tIrthaMkara ardha-mAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza karate haiN| cAritradharma kI ArAdhanA aura sAdhanA karane vAle jijJAsu manda buddhi strI-puruSoM para anugraha karake jana-sAmAnya ke lie siddhAnta subodha ho, isalie prAkRta meM upadeza dete haiN| AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara ardha-mAgadhI kA artha do prakAra se karate haiM-yaha bhASA magadha ke eka bhAga meM bolI jAtI thI, isalie arddha-mAgadhI kahalAtI hai, dUsare isa bhASA meM aTThAraha dezI bhASAoM kA sammizraNa huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAe to mAgadhI aura dezaja zabdoM kA isa bhASA meM mizraNa hone se yaha ardha-mAgadhI kahalAtI hai| ardha-mAgadhI ko hI sAmAnya rUpa se prAkRta kahate haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne Agama-sAhitya kI bhASA ko ArSa prAkRta kahA hai| cintakoM kA abhimata hai ki AgamoM kI bhASA meM bhI dIrghakAla meM parivartana huA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM AcArya zIlAMka ne sUtrakRtAGga kI TIkA meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki sUtrAdarzoM meM aneka prakAra ke sUtra upalabdha hote haiM, para hamane eka hI Adarza ko svIkAra kara vivaraNa likhA hai| yadi kahIM sUtroM meM visaMvAda dRggocara ho to citta meM vyAmoha nahIM karanA caahie| kahIM para 'ya' zruti kI pradhAnatA hai to kahIM para 'ta' zruti kI, kahIM para hrasva svara kA prayoga hai to kahIM para hasva svara ke sthAna para dIrgha svara kA prayoga hai| Agama-prabhAvaka zrI puNyavijaya jI mahArAja ne bRhatkalpasUtra, kalpasUtra aura aMgavijA granthoM kI prastAvanA meM isa sambandha meM ullekha kiyA hai| AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa AgamoM kA sabase uttaravartI vargIkaraNa hai-aMga, upAMga, mUla aura ched| AcArya devavAcaka ne jo AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai usameM na upAMga zabda

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dazavakAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 125 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-. kA prayoga huA hai aura na hI mUla aura cheda zabdoM kA hii| vahA~ para aMga aura aMgabAhya zabda AyA hai| tattvArthabhASya meM sarvaprathama aMgabAhya Agama ke artha meM upAMga zabda kA prayoga huA hai| usake pazcAt sukhabodhA samAcArI,deg vividhamArgaprapA,1 vAyanAvihI12 Adi meM upAMga vibhAga kA ullekha hai| kintu mUla aura chedasUtroM kA vibhAga kisa samaya huA, yaha abhI anveSaNIya hai| dazavaikAlika kI niyukti, cUrNi, hAribhadrIyA vRtti aura uttarAdhyayana kI zAntyAcAryakRta bRhadvRtti meM mUlasUtra ke sambandha meM kucha bhI carcA nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka 'mUlasUtra' yaha vibhAga nahIM huA thaa| vikrama saMvat 1334 meM prabhAvakacaritra 3 meM sarvaprathama aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda yaha vibhAga prApta hotA hai| isake bAda 'samAcArI-zataka' meM bhI upAdhyAya samayasundaragaNI ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai| mUlasUtra saMjJA kyoM ? dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana Adi kI mUlasUtra saMjJA kyoM dI gaI hai ? isa sambandha meM vijJoM meM vibhinna mata haiN| pAzcAtya vijJoM ne bhAratIya sAhitya kA jisa gaharAI, ruci aura adhyavasAya se adhyayana kiyA hai vaha vastutaH prazaMsanIya hai| kArya kisa sImA taka huA hai ? kitanA upAdeya hai ? yaha prazna alaga hai, para unhoMne kaThina zrama aura utsAha ke sAtha jo prayatna kiyA hai, vaha bhAratIya cintakoM ke lie preraNAdAyI hai| jarmanI ke suprasiddha prAcya adhyetA pro. zarpeNTiyara ne uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai ki mUlasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabda saMgRhIta haiM jo svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukha se nisRta haiN|4 __suprasiddha jarmana vidvAn DaoN. vAlTara zubiMga ne Lax Religion Dyaina (jarmana bhASA meM likhita) pustaka meM likhA hai ki mUlasUtra nAma isalie diyA gayA jJAta hotA hai ki zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ke sAdhanAmaya jIvana ke mUla meMprArambha meM unake upayoga ke lie inakA nirmANa huaa| iTalI ke pro. gerino ne eka vicitra kalpanA kI hai| usa kalpanA ke pIche unake mastiSka meM grantha ke 'mUla' aura 'TIkA' ye do rUpa mukhya rahe haiN| isalie unhoMne mUla grantha ke rUpa meM mUlasUtra ko mAnA hai kyoMki ina Agama-granthoM para niyukti, cUrNi, TIkA Adi vipula vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya hai| vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM yatra-tatra mUla zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jisakI ve TIkAe~

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* 126 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana aura vyAkhyAe~ haiN| uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika para vipula vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya hai, isalie ina AgamoM ko mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| TIkAkAroM ne mUla grantha ke artha meM mUlasUtra kA prayoga kiyA hai, saMbhava hai usI se yaha Agama mUlasUtra kahe jAne lage hoN| __pAzcAtya mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne mUlasUtra kI abhidhA ke lie jo kalpanAe~ kI haiM, unake pIche kisI apekSA kA AdhAra avazya hai, para jaba hama gaharAI se cintana karate haiM to unakI kalpanA pUrNa rUpa se sahI nahIM lgtii| pro. zarpeNTiyara ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM ke sAtha mUlasUtroM ko jor3ane kA jo samAdhAna kiyA hai, vaha uttarAdhyayana ke sAtha kadAcit saMgata ho to bhI dazavaikAlika ke sAtha usakI saMgati bilkula nahIM hai| yadi hama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAkSAt vacanoM ke AdhAra para 'mUlasUtra' mAnate haiM to AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga prabhRti aMga grantha, jinakA sambandha sIdhA gaNadharoM se rahA hai, mUlasUtra kahe jAne caahie| para aisA nahIM hai, isalie pro. zarpeNTiyara kI kalpanA ghaTita nahIM hotii| DaoN. vAlTara zubiMga ke matAnusAra mUlasUtra ke lie zramaNoM ke mUla niyama, paramparAoM evaM vidhi-niSedhoM kI dRSTi se mUlasUtra kI abhidhA dI gii| para yaha samAdhAna bhI pUrNa rUpa se sahI nhiiN| dazavaikAlika meM to yaha bAta milatI hai para anya mUlasUtra meM aneka dRSTAntoM se jaina dharma-darzana sambandhI aneka pahaluoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isalie DaoN. zubriga kA cintana bhI ekAMgI pahalU para hI AdhRta hai| pro. gerino ne mUla aura TIkA ke AdhAra para 'mUlasUtra' abhidhA kI kalpanA kI hai, para unakI yaha kalpanA bahuta hI sthUla hai| isa kalpanA meM cintana kI gaharAI kA abhAva hai| mUlasUtroM ke atirikta anya AgamoM para bhI aneka TIkAe~ haiN| una TIkAoM ke AdhAra se hI kisI Agama ko mUlasUtra kI saMjJA dI gaI ho to ve sabhI Agama 'mUlasUtra' kahe jAne caahie| ___ hamArI dRSTi se jina AgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNa ke AcAra sambandhI mUla guNoM-mahAvrata, samiti, gupti, jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi kA nirUpaNa hai aura jo zramaNa-jIvanacaryA meM mUla rUpa se sahAyaka banate haiM aura jina AgamoM kA adhyayana sarvaprathama apekSita hai, unheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| hamAre prastuta kathana kA samarthana isa bAta se hotA hai ki pahale zramaNoM kA adhyayana AcArAMga se prArambha hotA thaa| jaba dazavaikAlikasUtra kA nirmANa ho

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 127 gayA to sarvaprathama dazavaikAlika kA adhyayana karAyA jAne lagA aura usake pazcAt uttarAdhyayanasUtra par3hAyA jAne lagA / 15 pahale AcArAMga ke zastra-parijJA adhyayana se zaikSikI upasthApanA kI jAtI thI, jaba dazavaikAlika kI racanA ho gaI to usake caturtha adhyayana se upasthApanA kI jAne lagI / 16 mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM mataikya nahIM hai / tathApi yaha pUrNa satya hai ki sabhI vijJoM ne dazavaikAlika ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai| cAhe samayasundaragaNI 17 hoM, cAhe bhAvaprabhasUri 18 hoM, cAhe pro. vebara aura pro. vUlara hoM, cAhe DaoN. zarpeNTiyara yA DaoN. viNTaranitja hoM, cAhe DaoN. gerino yA DaoN. zubriMga hoM - sabhI ne prastuta Agama ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai / 19 dazavaikAlika kA mahattva yaha Agama .21 mUla AgamoM meM dazavaikAlika kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| AcArya devavAcaka ne Avazyaka vyatirikta ke kAlika aura utkAlika ye do bheda kie haiN| una bhedoM meM utkAlika AgamoM kI sUcI meM dazavaikAlika prathama hai / 22 asvAdhyAya samaya ko chor3akara sabhI praharoM meM par3hA jA sakatA hai| cAra anuyogoM meM dazavaikAlika kA samAveza caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha niyuktikAra dvitIya bhadrabAhu " aura agastyasiMha sthavira 22 kA abhimata hai| isameM caraNa 23 (mUlaguNa) va karaNa (uttaraguNa) ina donoM kA anuyoga hai / AcArya vIrasena ke abhimatAnusAra dazavaikAlika AcAra aura gocara kI vidhi kA varNana karane vAlA sUtra hai / 25 jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya zubhacandra ke abhimatAnusAra dazavaikAlika kA viSaya gocaravidhi aura piNDavizuddhi hai / 26 AcAryala zrutasAgara ke anusAra ise vRkSa - kusuma Adi kA bhedakathaka aura yatiyoM ke AcAra kA kathaka kahA hai| 27 dazavaikAlika meM AcAra - gocara ke vizleSaNa ke sAtha hI jIva - vidyA, yoga-vidyA jaise mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| yahI kAraNa hai isa Agama kI racanA hone ke pazcAt adhyayana - krama meM bhI AcAryoM ne parivartana kiyA, jaisA ki hama pUrva likha cuke haiN| vyavahArabhASya ke anusAra atItakAla meM AcArAMga ke dvitIya lokavijaya adhyayana ke brahmacarya nAmaka pA~caveM uddezaka ke AmagaMdha sUtra ko binA jAne - par3he koI bhI zramaNa aura zramaNI piNDakalpI arthAt bhikSA grahaNa karane yogya nahIM

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* 128* mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ho sakatA thaa| jaba dazavaikAlika kA nirmANa ho gayA to usake piNDaiSaNA nAmaka pA~caveM adhyayana ko jAnane va par3hane vAlA piNDakalpI hone lgaa| yaha varNana dazavaikAlika ke mahattva ko spaSTa rUpa se ujAgara karatA hai|28 dazavaikAlika ke racanAkAra kA paricaya prastuta Agama ke kartA AcArya zayyambhava haiN| ve rAjagRha nagara ke nivAsI the| vatsa gotrIya brAhmaNa parivAra meM unakA janma vIra nirvANa 36 (vikrama pUrva 434) meM huaa| ve veda aura vedAMga ke viziSTa jJAtA the| jainazAsana ke prabala virodhI the| jainadharma ke nAma se hI unakI A~khoM se aMgAre barasate the| jainadharma ke prabala virodhI prakANDa vidvAn zayyambhava ko pratibodha dene ke lie AcArya prabhava ke Adeza se do zramaNa zayyambhava ke yajJavATa meM gae aura dharmalAbha khaa| zramaNoM kA ghora apamAna kiyA gyaa| unheM bAhara nikAlane kA upakrama kiyA gyaa| zramaNoM ne kahA-"aho kaSTamaho kaSTaM tattvaM vijJAyate na hi|" aho ! kheda kI bAta hai, tattva nahIM jAnA jA rhaa| zramaNoM kI bAta zayyambhava ke mastiSka meM TakarAI para unhoMne socA-'yaha upazAnta tapasvI jhUTha nahIM bolte|29 hAtha meM talavAra lekara vaha apane adhyApaka ke pAsa pahu~cA aura bolA-"tattva kA svarUpa batAo, yadi nahIM batAoge to maiM talavAra se tumhArA ziraccheda kara duuNgaa|" lapalapAtI talavAra ko dekhakara adhyApaka kA~pa utthaa| usane kahA"arhat dharma hI yathArtha dharma aura tattva hai|" zayyambhava abhimAnI hone para bhI sacce jijJAsu the| ve AcArya prabhava ke pAsa phuNce| unakI pIyUSasAvI vANI se bodha prApta kara dIkSita hue| AcArya prabhava ke pAsa unhoMne 14 pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kiyA aura zrutadhara paramparA meM ve dvitIya zrutadhara hue| __ jaba zayyambhava dIkSita hue taba unakI patnI garbhavatI thii|30 brAhmaNa varga kahane lagA-"zayyambhava bahuta hI niSThara vyakti hai jo apanI yuvatI patnI kA parityAga kara sAdhu bana gyaa|"31 striyA~ zayyambhava kI patnI se pUchatI-"kyA tuma garbhavatI ho?'' vaha saMkoca se 'maNayaM' arthAt 'maNAka' zabda kA prayoga krtii| isa choTe se uttara se parivAra vAloM ko saMtoSa huaa| usane eka putra ko janma diyaa| putra kA nAma mAtA dvArA uccarita 'maNayaM' zabda ke AdhAra para 'manaka' rakhA gyaa|32 vaha bahuta hI sneha se putra manaka kA pAlana karane lgii| bAlaka ATha varSa kA huaa| usane apanI mA~ se pUchA-"mere pitA kA nAma kyA hai ?'' usane sArA vRtta sunA diyA ki tere pitA jaina-muni bane aura vartamAna meM

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dazavakAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 129 1 .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.ve jaina saMgha ke AcArya haiN| mAtA kI anumati lekara vaha campA phuNcaa| AcArya zayyambhava ne apane hI sadRza manaka kI mukha-mudrA dekhI to ajJAta sneha barasAtI nadI kI taraha umar3a pdd'aa| bAlaka ne apanA paricaya dete hue kahA-"mere pitA zayyambhava haiM, kyA Apa unheM jAnate haiM ?" zayyambhava ne apane putra ko pahacAna liyaa| manaka ko AcArya ne kahA- 'maiM zayyambhava kA abhinna (eka zarIrabhUta) mitra huuN|" AcArya ke tyAga-vairAgya se chalachalAte hue upadeza ko sunakara manaka ATha varSa kI avasthA meM muni bnaa| AcArya zayyambhava ne bAlaka manaka kI hastarekhA dekhii| unheM lagA-bAlaka kA AyuSya bahuta hI kama hai| isake lie sabhI zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA saMbhava nahIM hai|33 dazavaikAlika kA racanAkAla ___ apazcima dazapUrvI vizeSa paristhiti meM hI pUrvo se Agama nirvRhaNa kA kArya karate haiN| AcArya zayyambhava caturdaza pUrvadhara the| unhoMne alpAyuSka muni manaka ke lie Atma-pravAda se dazavaikAlikasUtra kA nirvRhaNa kiyaa|35 chaha mAsa vyatIta hue aura muni manaka kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| zayyambhava zrutadhara to the para vItarAga nahIM the| putra-sneha ubhara AyA aura unakI A~kheM manaka ke moha se gIlI ho gii| yazobhadra prabhRti muniyoM ne khinnatA kA kAraNa puuchaa|36 AcArya ne batAyA ki manaka merA saMsArapakSI putra thA, usake moha ne mujhe kucha vihvala kiyA hai| yaha bAta yadi pahale jJAta ho jAtI to AcAryaputra samajhakara usase koI bhI vaiyAvRtya nahIM karavAtA, vaha sevAdharma ke mahAn lAbha se vaMcita ho jaataa| isIlie maiMne yaha rahasya prakaTa nahIM kiyA thaa| AcArya zayyambhava 28 varSa kI avasthA meM zramaNa bne| ataH dazavaikAlika kA racanAkAla vIra nirvANa saMvat 72 ke AsapAsa hai| usa samaya AcArya prabhavasvAmI vidyamAna the,27 kyoMki AcArya prabhava kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa 75 meM hotA hai|38 DaoN. viNTaranitja ne vIra nirvANa ke 98 varSa pazcAt dazavaikAlika kA racanAkAla mAnA hai,39 pro. ema. vI. paTavarddhana kA bhI yahI abhimata hai| deg kintu jaba hama paTTAvaliyoM kA adhyayana karate haiM to unakA yaha kAlanirNaya sahI pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki AcArya zayyambhava vIra nirvANa saMvat 64 meM dIkSA grahaNa karate haiN| unake dvArA racita yA nirvRhaNa kI huI kRti kA racanAkAla vIra nirvANa saMvat 98 kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ? kyoMki saMvat 64 meM unakI dIkSA huI aura unake ATha varSa pazcAt unake putra manaka kI dIkSA huii|42 isalie vIra

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* 130* mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana nirvANa 72 meM dazavaikAlika kI racanA honA aitihAsika dRSTi se upayukta pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ para jo unheM AcArya likhA hai, vaha dravyanikSepa kI dRSTi se hai| dazavaikAlika eka ni!haNa-racanA hai racanA ke do prakAra haiM-eka svatantra aura dUsarA niY=hnn| dazavaikAlika svatantra kRti nahIM hai apitu ni!haNa kRti hai| dazavaikAlikaniyukti ke anusAra AcArya zayyambhava ne vibhinna pUrvo se isakA nirvRhaNa kiyaa| caturtha adhyayana Atma-pravAda pUrva se, pA~cavA~ adhyayana karma-pravAda pUrva se, sAtavA~ adhyayana satya-pravAda pUrva se aura avazeSa sabhI adhyayana pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtIya vastu se uddhRta kie gae haiN| 3 dUsarA mantavya yaha hai ki dazavaikAlika kA nirvRhaNa gaNipiTaka dvAdazAMgI se kiyA gayA hai| yaha nirvRhaNa kisa adhyayana kA kisa aMga se kiyA gayA isakA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai, tathApi mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne anumAna kiyA hai ki dazavaikAlika ke dUsare adhyayana meM viSaya-vAsanA se bacane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, usa saMdarbha meM rathanemi aura rAjImatI kA pAvana prasaMga bhI bahuta hI saMkSepa meM diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bAIsaveM adhyayana meM yaha prasaMga bahuta hI vistAra ke sAtha AyA hai| donoM kA mUla svara eka sadRza hai| tRtIya adhyayana kA viSaya sUtrakRtAGga 1/9 se milatA hai| caturtha adhyayana kA viSaya sUtrakRtAMGga 1/11/7-8 aura AcArAMga 1/1/1; 2/15 se kahIM para saMkSepa meM aura kahIM para vistAra se liyA gayA hai| AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke uttarArddha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA gautama Adi zramaNoM ko upadiSTa kie gae pA~ca mahAvratoM tathA pRthvIkAya prabhRti SaDjIvanikAya kA vizleSaNa hai| saMbhava hai isa adhyayana se caturtha adhyayana kI sAmagrI kA saMkalana kiyA gayA ho| pA~caveM adhyayana kA viSaya AcArAMga ke dvitIya adhyayana lokavijaya ke pA~caveM uddezaka aura AThaveM, nauveM adhyayana ke dUsare uddezaka se milatA-julatA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kA prathama adhyayana piNDaiSaNA hai ataH pA~cavA~ adhyayana usI se saMkalita kiyA gayA ho| chaThA adhyayana samavAyAGga ke aThArahaveM samavAya kI nimna gAthA kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai "vayachakkaM kAyachakkaM, akappo gihibhaaynnN| pariyaMka nisijjA ya, siNANaM sobhvjnnN||"

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 131 usa sAtaveM adhyayana kA mUla srota AcArAMga 1/1/6/5 meM prApta hotA hai| AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke caturtha adhyayana kA nAma bhASAjAta hai, adhyayana meM zramaNa dvArA prayoga karane yogya aura na karane yogya bhASA kA vizleSaNa hai| saMbhava hai isa AdhAra se sAtaveM adhyayana meM viSaya-vastu kI avatAraNA huI ho| AThaveM adhyayana kA kucha viSaya sthAnAMga 8/598, 609, 615, AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga se bhI tulanIya hai| 45 nauveM adhyayana meM vinayasamAdhi kA nirUpaNa hai / isa adhyayana kI sAmagrI uttarAdhyayana ke prathama adhyayana kI sAmagrI se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI hai| saMbhava hai isa adhyayana kA mUla srota uttarAdhyayana kA prathama adhyayana rahA ho| dasaveM adhyayana meM bhikSu ke jIvana aura usakI dainandinI caryA kA citraNa hai, to uttarAdhyayana kA pandrahavA~ adhyayana bhI isI bAta para prakAza DAlatA hai| ataH saMbhava hai yaha adhyayana uttarAdhyayana ke pandrahaveM adhyayana kA hI rUpAntaraNa ho, kyoMki bhAva ke sAtha hI zabda - racanA aura chanda-gaThana meM bhI donoM meM prAyaH ekarUpatA hai / AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI pahalI cUlA, 1 va 4 adhyayana se kramazaH 5 aura 7veM adhyayana kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / dazavaikAlika ke 2, 9 va 10 veM adhyayana ke viSaya kI uttarAdhyayana ke 1 aura 15 veM adhyayana se 46 tulanA kara sakate haiN| digambara paramparA meM dazavaikAlika kA ullekha dhavalA, jayadhavalA, tattvArtharAjavartika, tattvArthazrutasAgarIyA vRtti prabhRti aneka sthaloM meM huA hai aura 'ArAtIyairAcAryairniryUDhaM kevala itanA saMketa prApta hotA hai| usa sarvArthasiddhi meM likhA hai - jaba kAladoSa se Ayu, mati aura bala nyUna hue, taba ziSyoM para atyadhika anugraha karake ArAtIya AcAryoM ne dazavaikAlika prabhRti AgamoM kI racanA kii| eka ghar3A kSIrasamudra ke jala se bharA huA hai, ghar3e meM apanA svayaM kA kucha bhI nahIM hai / usameM jo kucha bhI hai vaha kSIrasamudra kA hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usa ghar3e ke jala meM bhI vahI madhuratA hotI hai jo kSIrasamudra ke jala meM hotI hai| isI prakAra jo ArAtIya AcArya kisI viziSTa kAraNa se pUrva - sAhitya meM se yA aMga- sAhitya meM se aMga bAhya zruta kI racanA karate haiM, usameM una AcAryoM kA apanA kucha bhI nahIM hotA / vaha to aMgoM se gRhIta hone ke kAraNa prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai| ' .47 AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya " meM, nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne gommaTasAra 9 meM dazavaikAlika ko aMga bAhya zruta likhA hai / vIrasenAcArya ne .49

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* 132 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana jayadhavalA 50 meM dazavaikAlika ko sAtavA~ aMga bAhya zruta likhA hai / yApanIya saMgha meM dazavaikAlikasUtra kA adhyayana acchI taraha se hotA thA / yApanIya saMgha ke suprasiddha AcArya aparAjitasUri ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA vRtti meM dazavaikAlika kI gAthAe~ pramANa rUpa meM uddhRta kI haiM / 51 yahA~ para yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki dazavaikAlikasUtra kI jaba atyadhika lokapriyatA bar3hI to aneka zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM dazavaikAlika kI gAthAoM ko uddharaNa ke rUpa meM uTTaGkita kiyA / udAharaNArtha - Avazyaka niryukti, 52 nizIthacUrNi, 53 uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti' 14 aura uttarAdhyayanacUrNi55 Adi granthoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM dazavaikAlika kA ullekha va varNana hone para bhI paM. nAthUrAma premI ne likhA hai ki ArAtIya AcAryakRta dazavaikAlika Aja upalabdha nahIM hai aura jo upalabdha hai vaha pramANa rUpa nahIM hai / 16 digambara paramparA meM yaha sUtra kaba taka mAnya rahA, isakA spaSTa saMketa nahIM miltaa| hamArI dRSTi se jaba donoM paramparAoM meM vastrAdi ko lekara Agraha ugra rUpa meM huA, taba dazavaikAlika meM vastra kA ullekha muniyoM ke lie hone se use amAnya kiyA hogA / nAmakaraNa prastuta Agama ke 'dasaveyAliya' (dazavaikAlika) aura 'dasavekAliya ' 58 ye do nAma upalabdha hote haiN| yaha nAma dasa aura vaikAlika athavA kAlika ina do padoM se nirmita hai| sAmAnyataH dasa zabda dasa adhyayanoM kA sUcaka hai aura vaikAlika kA sambandha racanA - niryUhaNa yA upadeza se hai / vikAla kA artha saMdhyA hai / sAmAnya niyama ke anusAra Agama kA racanAkAla pUrvAhna mAnA jAtA hai kintu AcArya zayyambhava ne manaka kI alpAyu ko dekhakara aparAhna meM hI isakI racanA yA niryUhaNa prArambha kiyA aura use vikAla meM pUrNa kiyaa| aisI bhI mAnyatA hai ki dasa vikAloM yA saMdhyAoM meM racanA - niryUhaNa yA upadeza kiyA gayA, isa kAraNa yaha Agama 'dazavaikAlika' kahA jAne lgaa| svAdhyAya kA kAla dina aura rAta meM prathama aura antima prahara hai / prastuta Agama binA kAla (vikAla) meM bhI par3hA jA sakatA hai| ataH isakA nAma dazavaikAlika rakhA gayA hai / athavA AcArya zayyambhava caturdazapUrvI the, unhoMne kAla ko lakSya kara isakA nirmANa kiyA, isalie isakA nAma dazavaikAlika rakhA gayA hai| eka kAraNa yaha

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 133 - bhI ho sakatA hai ki isakA dasavA~ adhyayana vaitAlika nAma ke vRtta meM huA hai, ataH isakA nAma dasavetAliyaM bhI saMbhava hai / .59 hama yaha likha cuke haiM ki AcArya zayyambhava ne apane bAlaputra manaka ke lie dazavaikAlika kA nirmANa kiyA / manaka ne dazavaikAlika ko chaha mahIne meM par3hA, zruta aura cAritra kI samyak ArAdhanA kara vaha saMsAra se samAdhipUrvaka Ayu pUrNa kara svargastha huA / AcArya zayyambhava ne saMgha se pUchA - " aba isa niryUr3ha Agama kA kyA kiyA jAye ?" saMgha ne gaharAI se cintana karane ke bAda nirNaya kiyA ki ise jyoM kA tyoM rakhA jAya / yaha Agama manaka - jaise aneka zramaNoM kI ArAdhanA kA nimitta banegA / isalie isakA viccheda na kiyA jAya / prastuta nirNaya ke pazcAt dazavaikAlika kA jo vartamAna rUpa hai use adhyayana-krama se saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| mahAnizItha ke abhimatAnusAra pA~caveM Are ke anta meM pUrNa rUpa se aMga- sAhitya vicchinna ho jAyegA taba duppasaha muni dazavaikAlika ke AdhAra para saMyama kI sAdhanA kareMge aura apane jIvana ko pavitra banAyeMge / 61 60 cUlikA ke racayitA kauna ? dasa adhyayanoM aura do cUlikAoM meM yaha Agama vibhakta hai / cUlikA kA artha zikhA yA coTI hai| choTI cUlA (cUDA) ko cUlikA kahA gayA hai, yaha cUlikA kA sAmAnya zabdArtha hai / sAhityika dRSTi se cUlikA kA artha mUlazAstra kA uttara bhAga hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki agastyasiMha sthavira ne aura jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne dazavaikAlika kI cUlikA ko usakA 'uttara-taMtra' kahA hai| taMtra, sUtra aura grantha ye sabhI zabda ekArthaka haiN| jo sthAna Adhunika yuga ke grantha meM pariziSTa kA hai, vahI sthAna atItakAla meM cUlikA kA thA / niryuktikAra kI dRSTi se mUlasUtra meM avarNita artha kA aura varNita artha kA spaSTIkaraNa karanA cUlikA kA prayojana hai | AcArya zIlAMka ke anusAra cUlikA kA artha agra hai aura agra kA artha uttara bhAga hai| dasa adhyayana saMkalanAtmaka haiM, kintu cUlikAoM ke sambandha meM mUrdhanya manISiyoM meM do vicAra haiN| kitane hI vijJoM kA yaha abhimata hai ki ve AcArya zayyambhavakRta haiN| dasa adhyayanoM ke niryUhaNa ke pazcAt unhoMne cUlikAoM kI racanA kI / sUta aura cUlikAoM kI bhASA prAyaH eka sadRza hai isalie adhyayana aura cUlikAoM ke racayitA eka hI vyakti haiN| kitane hI vijJa isa abhimata se sahamata nahIM haiM / unakA abhimata hai

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134 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ki cUlikAe~ anya lekhaka kI racanAe~ haiM jo bAda meM dasa adhyayanoM ke sAtha jor3a dI giiN| AcArya hemacandra ne 'pariziSTa parva' grantha meM likhA hai ki AcArya sthUlabhadra kI bahina sAdhvI yakSA ne apane anuja muni zrIyaka ko pauruSI, ekAzana aura upavAsa kI prabala preraNA dii| zrIyaka ne kahA - "bahina ! maiM kSudhA kI dAruNa vedanA ko sahana nahIM kara pAU~gA / " kintu bahina kI bhAvanA ko sammAna dekara usane upavAsa kiyA para vaha utanA adhika sukumAra thA ki bhUkha ko sahana na kara sakA aura divaMgata ho gyaa| muni zrIyaka kA upavAsa meM maraNa hone ke kAraNa sAdhvI yakSA ko atyadhika hArdika duHkha huA / yakSA ne muni zrIyaka kI mRtyu ke lie apane ko doSI maanaa| zrIsaMgha ne zAsanadevI kI sAdhanA kI / devI kI sahAyatA se yakSA sAdhvI mahAvideha kSetra meM sImaMdhara svAmI kI sevA meM pahu~cI / sImaMdhara svAmI ne sAdhvI yakSA ko nirdoSa batAyA aura use cAra adhyayana cUlikA ke rUpa meM pradAna kie| saMgha ne do adhyayana AcArAMga kI tIsarI aura cauthI cUlikA ke rUpa meM aura antima do adhyayana dazavaikAlika cUlikA ke rUpa meM sthApita kie / 62 dazavaikAlikaniryukti kI eka gAthA meM isa prasaMga kA ullekha milatA hai / 63 AcArya haribhadra ne dUsarI cUlikA kI prathama gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM ukta ghaTanA kA saMketa kiyA hai para TIkAkAra ne niryukti kI gAthA kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyA, isalie kitane hI vijJa dazavaikAlikaniryukti kI gAthA ko mUlaniryukti kI gAthA nahIM mAnate / 65 AcArAMgacUrNi meM ullekha hai ki sthUlabhadra kI bahina sAdhvI yakSA mahAvideha kSetra meM bhagavAna sImaMdhara ke darzanArtha gaI thIM, lauTate samaya bhagavAna ne use bhAvanA aura vimukti ye do adhyayana pradAna kie| 66 AvazyakacUrNi meM bhI do adhyayanoM kA varNana hai| prazna yaha hai ki AcArya hemacandra ne cAra adhyayanoM kA ullekha kisa AdhAra se kiyA ? AcArAMganiryukti meM isa ghaTanA kA kiJcitmAtra bhI saMketa nahIM hai tathApi AcArAMgacUrNi aura AvazyakacUrNi meM yaha ghaTanA kisa prakAra AI, yaha zodhArthiyoM ke lie anveSaNIya hai / grantha- parimANa dazavaikAlika ke dasa adhyayana haiM, unameM pA~caveM adhyayana ke do aura nauveM adhyayana ke cAra uddezaka haiM, zeSa adhyayanoM ke uddezaka nahIM haiN| cauthA aura

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 135 * nauvA~ adhyayana gadya-padyAtmaka hai, zeSa sabhI adhyayana padyAtmaka haiN| TIkAkAra ke abhimatAnusAra dazavaikAlika ke padyoM kI saMkhyA 509 hai aura cUlikAoM kI gAthA saMkhyA 34 hai| cUrNikAra ne dazavaikAlika kI padya saMkhyA 536 aura cUlikAoM kI padya saMkhyA 33 batAI hai| puNyavijaya jI ma. dvArA saMpAdita 'dasakAliyasuttaM' meM dazavaikAlika kI gAthAe~ 575 batAI haiN|67 muni kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' ne dazavaikAlika-saMkSiptadarzana meM likhA hai 'isameM padyasUtra gAthAe~ 561 haiM aura gadyasUtra 48 haiN|'68 AcArya tulasI69 ne 'dasaveAliyaM' grantha kI bhUmikA meM dazavaikAlika kI zloka saMkhyA 514 tathA sUtra saMkhyA 31 likhI hai| isa prakAra vibhinna granthoM meM gAthA saMkhyA aura sUtra saMkhyA meM antara hai| dharma : eka cintana dazavaikAlika kA prathama adhyayana 'drumapuSpikA' hai| dharma kyA hai? yaha cira-cintya prazna rahA hai| isa prazna para vizva ke mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne vividha dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA hai| AcArAMga meM spaSTa kahA hai ki tIrthaMkara kI AjJAoM ke pAlana meM dharma hai|70 mImAMsAdarzana ke anusAra vedoM kI AjJA kA pAlana hI dharma hai| AcArya manu ne likhA hai-rAga-dveSa se rahita sajjana vijJoM dvArA jo AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura jisa AcaraNa ko hamArI antarAtmA sahI samajhatI hai, vaha AcaraNa dharma hai|72 mahAbhArata meM dharma kI paribhASA isa prakAra prApta haijo prajA ko dhAraNa karatA hai athavA jisase samasta prajA yAni samAja kA saMrakSaNa hotA hai, vaha dharma hai| 3 AcArya zubhacandra ne dharma ko bhautika aura AdhyAtmika abhyudaya kA sAdhana mAnA hai| AcArya kArtikeya ne vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahA hai,75 jisase svabhAva meM avasthiti aura vibhAva dazA kA parityAga hotA hai| cU~ki sva-svabhAva se hI hamArA parama zreya sambhava hai aura isa dRSTi se vahI dharma hai| dharma kA lakSaNa AtmA kA jo vizuddha svarUpa hai aura jo Adi, madhya, anta sabhI sthitiyoM meM kalyANakArI hai vaha dharma hai|6 vaizeSikadarzana kA mantavya hai-jisase abhyudaya aura niHzreyas kI siddhi hotI hai vaha dharma hai|07 isa prakAra bhAratIya manISiyoM ne dharma kI vividha dRSTiyoM se vyAkhyA kI hai, tathApi unakI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne kisI ekAMkI paribhASA para hI bala nahIM diyA, kintu dharma ke vividha pakSoM ko ubhArate hue unameM samanvaya kI

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136 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana anveSaNA kI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka paramparA meM dharma kI vividha vyAkhyAe~ milatI haiM / dazavaikAlika meM dharma kI saTIka paribhASA dI gaI hai- ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa hI dharma hai / vahI dharma utkRSTa maMgala rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| vaha dharma vizva-kalyANakAraka hai| 78 isa prakAra loka-maMgala kI sAdhanA meM vyakti ke dAyittva kI vyAkhyA yahA~ para kI gaI hai| jisakA mana dharma meM ramA rahatA hai, usake caraNoM meM aizvaryazAlI deva bhI namana karate haiM / dharma kI paribhASA ke pazcAt ahiMsaka zramaNa ko kisa prakAra AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie, isake lie 'madhukara' kA rUpaka dekara yaha batAyA hai ki jaise madhukara puSpoM se rasa grahaNa karatA hai vaise hI zramaNoM ko gRhasthoM ke yahA~ se prAsuka AhAra-jala grahaNa karanA cAhie / madhukara phUloM ko binA mlAna kie thor3A-thor3A rasa pItA hai, jisase usakI udara- pUrti ho jAe / madhukara dUsare dina ke lie saMgraha nahIM karatA, vaise hI zramaNa saMyama - nirvAha ke lie jitanA Avazyaka ho utanA grahaNa karatA hai, kintu saMcaya nahIM karatA / madhukara vividha phUloM se rasa grahaNa karatA hai, vaise hI zramaNa vividha sthAnoM se bhikSA letA hai / isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana meM ahiMsA aura usake prayoga kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / bhara kI upamA jisa prakAra dazavaikAlika meM zramaNa ke lie dI gaI hai, usI prakAra bauddha sAhitya meM bhI yaha upamA prApta hai 79 aura vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI isa upamA kA upayoga huA hai / 8deg 80 saMyama meM zrama karane vAlA sAdhaka zramaNa kI abhidhA se abhihita hai | zramaNa kA bhAva zramaNatva yA zrAmaNya kahalAtA hai| binA dhRti ke zrAmaNya nahIM hotA, dhRti para hI zrAmaNya kA bhavya prAsAda avalambita hai| jo dhRtimAn hotA hai, vahI kAmarAga kA nivAraNa karatA hai| yadi antarmAnasa meM kAmabhAvanAe~ a~gar3AiyA~ le rahI haiM, vikAroM ke sarpa phana phailAkara phUtkAreM mAra rahe haiM, to vahA~ zramaNatva nahIM raha sakatA / rathanemi kI taraha jisakA mana vikArI hai aura viSaya - sevana ke lie lalaka rahA hai vaha kevala dravya - sAdhu hai, bhAva- sAdhu nhiiN| isa prakAra ke zramaNa bhartsanA ke yogya haiM / jaba rathanemi bhaTakate haiM aura bhoga kI abhyarthanA karate haiM to rAjImatI saMyama meM sthira karane hetu unheM dhikkAratI hai| kAma aura zrAmaNya kA paraspara virodha hai / jahA~ kAma hai, vahA~ zrAmaNya kA abhAva hai| tyAgI vaha kahalAtA hai jo svecchA se bhogoM kA parityAga karatA hai / jo paravazatA se 1

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dazavakAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *1374 bhogoM kA tyAga karatA hai, usameM vairAgya kA abhAva hotA hai, vahA~ vivazatA hai, tyAga kI utkaTa bhAvanA nhiiN| prastuta adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai-jIvana vaha hai jo vikAroM se mukta ho| yadi vikAroM kA dhuA~ chor3ate hue ardha-dagdha kaNDe kI taraha jIvana jIyA jAe to usa jIvana se to maranA hI zreyaskara hai| eka kSaNa bhI jIo-prakAza karate hue jIo kintu cirakAla taka dhuA~ chor3ate hue jInA ucita nhiiN| agandhana jAti kA sarpa prANa ga~vA denA pasanda karegA kintu parityakta viSa ko punaH grahaNa nahIM kregaa| vaise hI zramaNa parityakta bhogoM ko punaH grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| viSavanta jAtaka meM isI prakAra kA eka prasaMga AyA hai-sarpa Aga meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai kintu eka bAra chor3e hue viSa ko punaH grahaNa nahIM krtaa| isa adhyayana meM bhagavAna arhat ariSTanemi ke bhrAtA rathanemi kA prasaMga hai jo guphA meM dhyAnamudrA meM avasthita haiM, usI guphA meM varSA se bhIgI huI rAjImatI apane bhIge hue vastroM ko sukhAne lagI, rAjImatI ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ko nihArakara rathanemi ke bhAva kaluSita ho gye| rAjImatI ne kAma-vihvala rathanemi ko subhASita vacanoM se saMyama meM susthira kara diyaa| niyuktikAra kA abhimata hai ki dvitIya adhyayana kI viSaya-sAmagrI pratyAkhyAnapUrva kI tRtIya vastu se lI gaI hai|82 AcAra aura anAcAra tRtIya adhyayana meM kSullaka AcAra kA nirUpaNa hai| jisa sAdhaka meM dhRti kA abhAva hotA hai vaha AcAra ke mahattva ko nahIM samajhatA, vaha AcAra ko vismRta kara anAcAra kI ora kadama bar3hAtA hai| jo AcAra, mokSa-sAdhanA ke lie upayogI hai. jisa AcAra meM ahiMsA kA prAdhAnya hai, vaha sahI dRSTi se AcAra hai aura jisameM inakA abhAva hai vaha anAcAra hai| AcAra ke pAlana se saMyama-sAdhanA meM susthiratA AtI hai| AcAra-darzana mAnava ko parama zubha prApta karane kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| kauna-sA AcaraNa aucityapUrNa hai aura kauna-sA anaucityapUrNa hai, isakA nirNaya vivekI sAdhaka apanI buddhi kI tarAjU para taulakara karatA hai| jo pratiSiddha karma, pratyAkhyAtavya karma yA anAcIrNa karma haiM, unakA vaha parityAga karatA hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya jo AcaraNIya haiM unheM vaha grahaNa karatA hai| AcAra dharma yA karttavya hai, anAcAra adharma yA akarttavya hai| prastuta adhyayana meM anAcIrNa karma kahe gaye haiN| anAcIrNoM kA niSedha kara AcAra yA caryA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isalie

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* 138 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana isa adhyayana kA nAma AcArakathA hai / dazavaikAlika ke chaThe adhyayana meM 'mahAcArakathA' kA nirUpaNa hai / usa adhyayana meM vistAra ke sAtha AcAra para cintana kiyA gayA hai to isa adhyayana meM usa adhyayana kI apekSA saMkSipta meM AcAra kA nirUpaNa hai / isalie isa adhyayana kA nAma 'kSullakAcArakathA' diyA gayA hai / ' 83 prastuta adhyayana meM anAcAroM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha nahIM huA hai aura na agastyasiMha sthavira ne apanI cUrNi meM aura na jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne apanI cUrNi meM saMkhyA kA nirdeza kiyA hai / samayasundara ne dIpikA meM anAcAroM kI 54 saMkhyA kA nirdeza kiyA hai / 4 yadyapi agastyasiMha sthavira ne saMkhyA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai to bhI unake anusAra anAcAroM kI saMkhyA 52 hai, para donoM meM antara yaha hai ki agastyasiMha ne rAjapiNDa aura kimicchaka ko va saindhava aura lavaNa ko pRthak-pRthak na mAnakara eka-eka mAnA hai| jinadAsagaNI ne rAjapiNDa aura kimicchaka ko eka na mAnakara alaga-alaga mAnA hai tathA saindhava aura lavaNa ko evaM gAtrAbhyaMga aura vibhUSaNa ko eka-eka mAnA hai| dazavaikAlika ke TIkAkAra AcArya haribhadra ne tathA sumati sAdhu sUri ne anAcAroM kI saMkhyA 53 mAnI hai, unhoMne rAjapiNDa aura kimicchaka ko eka tathA saindhava aura lavaNa ko pRthak-pRthak mAnA hai| isa prakAra anAcAroM kI saMkhyA 54, 53 aura 52 prApta hotI hai| saMkhyA meM bheda hone para bhI tAttvika dRSTi se koI bheda nahIM hai| anAcAroM kA nirUpaNa saMkSepa meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaise sabhI sacitta vastuoM kA parihAra eka mAnA jAe to aneka anAcAra svataH kama ho sakate haiM / jo bAteM zramaNoM ke lie varjya haiN| vastutaH sabhI anAcAra haiN| prastuta adhyayana meM bahuta se anAcAroM kA ullekha nahIM hai kintu anya AgamoM meM una anAcAroM kA ullekha huA hai| bhale hI ve bAteM anAcAra ke nAma se ullikhita na kI gaI hoM, kintu ve bAteM jo zramaNa ke lie tyAjya haiM, anAcAra hI haiM / yahA~ eka bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki kitane hI niyama utsargamArga meM anAcAra haiM, para apavAdamArga meM ve anAcAra nahIM rahate, para jo kArya pApayukta haiM, jinakA hiMsA se sAkSAt sambandha hai, ve kArya pratyeka paristhiti meM anAcIrNa hI haiN| jaise- sacitta bhojana, rAtri bhojana Adi / jo niyama saMyama-sAdhanA kI vizeSa vizuddhi ke lie banAe hue haiM, ve niyama apavAda meM anAcIrNa nahIM rhte| brahmacarya kI dRSTi se gRhastha ke ghara para baiThane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| para zramaNa rugNa ho, vRddha yA tapasvI ho to vaha vizeSa paristhiti

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 139 * meM baiTha sakatA hai| usameM na to brahmacarya ke prati zaMkA utpanna hotI hai aura na anya kisI bhI prakAra kI virAdhanA kI hI saMbhAvanA hai| isalie vaha anAcAra nahIM hai| 5 jo kArya saundarya kI dRSTi se, zobhA yA gaurava kI dRSTi se kie jAyeM ve anAcAra haiM para ve kArya bhI rugNAvasthA Adi vizeSa paristhiti meM kiye jAyeM to anAcAra nahIM haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM netra-roga hone para aMjana Adi kA upyog| kitane hI anAcAroM ke sevana meM pratyakSa hiMsA hai, kitane hI anAcAroM ke sevana se ve hiMsA ke nimitta banate haiM aura kitane hI anAcAroM ke sevana meM hiMsA kA anumodana hotA hai, kitane hI kArya svayaM meM doSapUrNa nahIM haiM kintu bAda meM ve kArya zithilAcAra ke hetu bana sakate haiM, ataH unakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra aneka hetu anAcAra ke sevana meM rahe hue haiN| jaina paramparA meM jo AcAra-saMhitA hai, usake pIche ahiMsA, aparigraha aura brahmacarya kA dRSTikoNa pradhAna hai| anya bhAratIya paramparAoM ne bhI nyUnAdhika rUpa se use svIkAra kiyA hai| snAna tathAgata buddha ne pandraha dina se pahale jo bhikSu snAna karatA hai use prAyazcitta kA adhikArI mAnA hai| yadi koI bhikSu vizeSa paristhiti meM pandraha dina se pahale nahAtA hai to pAcittiya hai| vizeSa paristhiti yaha hai-grISma ke pIche ke Der3ha mAsa aura varSA kA prathama mAsa, yaha DhAI mAsa aura garmI kA samaya, jalana hone kA samaya, roga kA samaya, kAma (lIpane-potane Adi kA samaya), rAstA calane kA samaya tathA A~dhI-pAnI kA smy| 6 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhA~ti tathAgata buddha kI AcAra-saMhitA kaThora nahIM thii| kaThoratA ke abhAva meM bhikSu svacchandatA se niyamoM kA bhaMga karane lage, taba buddha ne snAna ke sambandha meM aneka niyama bnaaye| ___ eka bAra tathAgata buddha rAjagRha meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| usa samaya SaDvargIya bhikSu nahAte hue zarIra ko vRkSa se ragar3ate the| jaMghA, bAhu, chAtI aura peTa ko bhii| jaba bhikSuoM ko isa prakAra kArya karate hue dekhate to loga khinna hote, dhikkaarte| tathAgata ne bhikSuoM ko sambodhita kiyA-"bhikSuo ! nahAte hue bhikSu ko vRkSa se zarIra ko na ragar3anA cAhie, jo ragar3e usako 'duSkRta' kI Apatti hai|"

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140 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana usa samaya SaDvargIya bhikSu nahAte samaya khambhe se zarIra ko bhI ragar3ate the| buddha ne kahA- "bhikSuo ! nahAte samaya bhikSu ko khambhe se zarIra ko na ragar3anA cAhie, jo ragar3e usako dukkaDa (duSkRta) kI Apatti hai / 87 chAtA - jUtA vinayapiTaka meM jUte, khar3AU~, pAdukA prabhRti vidhi-niSedhoM ke sambandha meM carcAe~ haiN|" usa samaya SaDvargIya bhikSu jUtA dhAraNa karate the / ve jaba jUtA dhAraNa kara gA~va meM praveza karate, to loga hairAna hote the| jaise kAma -bhogI gRhastha hoM / buddha ne kahA- "bhikSuo ! jUtA pahane gA~va meM praveza nahIM karanA cAhie / jo praveza karatA hai, use dukkaDa doSa hai / 89 kisI samaya eka bhikSu rugNa ho gyaa| vaha binA jUtA dhAraNa kiye gA~va meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA thA / use dekha buddha ne kahA- "bhikSuo ! maiM anumati detA hU~ bImAra bhikSu ko jUtA pahanakara gA~va meM praveza karane kii|" 10 jo bhikSu pUrNa niroga hone para bhI chAtA dhAraNa karatA hai, use tathAgata buddha ne pAcittiya kahA hai / 91 isa taraha buddha ne chAtA aura jUte dhAraNa karane ke sambandha meM vidhi aura niSedha donoM batAye haiM / dIghanikAya meM tathAgata buddha ne bhikSuoM ke lie mAlA, gaMdha-vilepana, ubaTana tathA sajane-sajAne kA niSedha kiyA hai / 92 manusmRti, 13 zrImadbhAgavata Adi meM brahmacArI ke lie gaMdha, mAlya, ubaTana, aMjana, jUte aura chata dhAraNa kA niSedha kiyA hai| bhAgavata meM vAnaprastha ke lie dAtuna karane kA bhI niSedha hai / 95 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoM ne zramaNa aura saMnyAsI ke lie kaSTa sahana karane kA vidhAna evaM zarIra-parikarma kA niSedha kiyA hai / yaha satya hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA ne zarIra zuddhi para bala diyA to jaina paramparA ne Atma-zuddhi para bala diyA / yahA~ para sahaja jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki Ayurvedika granthoM meM jo bAteM svAsthya ke lie Avazyaka mAnI haiM unheM zAstrakAra ne anAcAra kyoM kahA hai ? samAdhAna hai ki zramaNa zarIra se bhI Atma-zuddhi para adhika bala de / svAsthya - rakSA se pahale Atma-rakSA Avazyaka hai / "appA hu khalu sayayaM rakkhiyavvo, savviMdiehiM susamAhiehiM / " zramaNa

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dazavakAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *141 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.saba indriyoM ke viSayoM se nivRtta kara AtmA kI rakSA kre| zAstrakAra ne Atma-rakSA para adhika bala diyA hai, jabaki caraka aura suzruta ne deha-rakSA para adhika bala diyA hai| unakA yaha spaSTa mantavya rahA ki nagara-rakSaka nagara kA dhyAna rakhatA hai, gAr3IvAna gAr3I kA dhyAna rakhatA hai, vaise hI vijJa mAnava zarIra kA pUrNa dhyAna rkhe|6 svAsthya-rakSA ke lie caraka ne nimna niyama Avazyaka batAe haiMsauvIrAMjana A~khoM meM kAlA suramA aaNjnaa| nasyakarma-nAka meM tela ddaalnaa| danta-dhAvana-datauna krnaa| jihvA-nirlekhana-jihvA ke maila ko zalAkA se khuracakara nikaalnaa| abhyaMga-tela kA mardana krnaa| zarIra-parimArjana-taulie Adi ke dvArA maila utArane ke lie zarIra ko ragar3anA, snAna karanA, ubaTana lgaanaa| gandhamAlya-niSevaNa-candana, kesara prabhRti sugandhita dravyoM kA zarIra para lepa karanA, sugandhita phUloM kI mAlAe~ dhAraNa krnaa| ratnAbharaNa-dhAraNa-ratnoM se jaTita AbhUSaNa dhAraNa krnaa| zaucAdhAna-pairoM ko, malamArga (nAka, kAna, gudA, upastha) Adi ko pratidina punaH-punaH sApha krnaa| samprasAdhana keza Adi ko kaTavAnA tathA bAloM meM kaMghI krnaa| pAdatrANa-dhAraNa-jUte phnnaa| chatra-dhAraNa-chattA dhAraNa krnaa| daNDa-dhAraNa-daNDa (char3I) dhAraNa krnaa| ye sAre niyama yahA~ adhikAMzataH zramaNa ke anAcAra meM Aye haiM athavA anya Agama-sAhitya meM zramaNoM ke lie niSiddha kahe haiN| isakA yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNoM ke lie zarIra-rakSA kI apekSA saMyama-rakSA pradhAna hai| saMyama-rakSA ke lie indriya-samAdhi Avazyaka hai| snAna Adi kAmAgni-sandIpaka haiM. ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ne una sabhI ko anAcAra kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA hai|

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* 142 - mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana anAcAroM kA ullekha ahiMsA, aparigraha aura brahmacarya kI surakSA ke lie huA hai| __niyuktikAra kI dRSTi se dazavaikAlika kA tRtIya adhyayana nauveM pUrva kI tRtIya AcAravastu se uddhRta hai|8 mahAvrata : vizleSaNa caturtha adhyayana meM SaDjIvanikAya kA nirUpaNa hai| AcAra-nirUpaNa ke pazcAt pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa Adi jIvoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa hai| jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA bahuta hI sUkSma vizleSaNa hai| vizva ke anya vicArakoM ne pRthvI, pAnI, agni Adi meM jahA~ jIva nahIM mAne haiM, vahA~ jaina paramparA meM unameM jIva mAnakara unake vividha bheda-prabhedoM kA bhI vistAra se kathana hai| zramaNa sAdhaka vizva meM jitane bhI trasa aura sthAvara jIva haiM unakI hiMsA se virata hotA hai| zramaNa na svayaM hiMsA karatA hai, na hiMsA karavAtA hai aura na hiMsA karane vAle kA anumodana hI karatA hai| zramaNa hiMsA kyoM nahIM karatA? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai-hiMsA se aura dUsaroM ko naSTa karane ke saMkalpa se usa prANI ko to pIr3A pahu~catI hI hai sAtha hI svayaM ke Atma-guNoM kA bhI hanana hotA hai| AtmA karmoM se malina banatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki praznavyAkaraNa meM hiMsA kA eka nAma guNavirAdhikA milatA hai| zramaNa ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana karatA hai| isakI saMkSipta jAnakArI prastuta adhyayana meM hai| saMyamI zramaNa tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se sacitta pRthvI Adi ko na svayaM naSTa kare aura na sacitta pRthvI para baiThe aura na sacitta dhUla se sane hue Asana kA upayoga kre| vaha acitta bhUmi para Asana Adi ko pramArjita kara baitthe| saMyamI zramaNa sacitta jala kA bhI upayoga na kare, kintu uSNa jala yA acitta jala kA upayoga kre| kisI bhI prakAra kI agni ko sAdhu sparza na kare aura na agni ko sulagAve aura na bujhaave| isI prakAra zramaNa havA bhI na kare, dUdha Adi ko ka se ThaNDA na kre| zramaNa tRNa, vRkSa, phala, phUla, patte Adi ko na tor3e, na kATe aura na usa para baitthe| zramaNa sthAvara jIvoM kI taraha trasa prANiyoM kI bhI hiMsA mana, vacana aura kAyA se na kre| vaha jo bhI kArya kare vaha vivekapUrvaka kre| itanA sAvadhAna rahe ki kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA na ho| sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM ke prati saMyama rakhanA ahiMsA hai| zramaNa sva aura para donoM hI prakAra kI hiMsA se mukta hotA hai| kAma, krodha, moha prabhRti dUSita manovRttiyoM ke dvArA

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *143 4 -. -. -. -. -. -.-. -. AtmA ke sva-guNoM kA ghAta karanA sva-hiMsA hai aura anya prANiyoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAnA para-hiMsA hai| zramaNa sva aura para donoM hI prakAra kI hiMsA se virata hotA hai| zramaNa mana, vacana aura kAyA tathA kRtakArita anumodana kI nava koTiyoM sahita asatya kA parityAga karatA hai| jinadAsagaNI mahattara ke abhimatAnusAra zramaNa ko mana, vacana, kAyA se satya para ArUr3ha honA caahie| yadi mana, vacana aura kAyA meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai to vaha mRSAvAda hai| jina zabdoM se dUsare prANiyoM ke antarhRdaya meM vyathA utpanna hotI ho, aise hiMsAkArI aura kaThora zabda bhI zramaNa ke lie varNya haiM aura yahA~ taka ki jisa bhASA se hiMsA kI sambhAvanA ho, aisI bhASA kA prayoga bhI varjita hai| kAma, krodha, lobha, bhaya evaM hAsya ke vazIbhUta hokara pApakArI, nizcayakArI, dUsaroM ke mana ko kaSTa dene vAlI bhASA, bhale hI vaha manovinoda ke lie hI kahI gaI ho, zramaNa ko nahIM bolanI caahie| isa prakAra asatya aura apriyakArI bhASA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ke bAda satya kA ullekha hai| vaha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki satya ahiMsA para AdhRta hai| nizcayakArI bhASA kA niSedha isalie kiyA gayA hai ki vaha ahiMsA aura anekAnta ke parIkSaNa-prastara para kharI nahIM utrtii| satya kA mahattva itanA adhika hai ki use bhagavAna kI upamA se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai aura use sampUrNa loka kA sAratattva kahA hai|00 asteya zramaNa kA tRtIya mahAvrata hai| zramaNa binA svAmI kI AjJA ke eka tinakA bhI grahaNa nahIM krtaa|01 jIvana yApana ke lie Avazyaka vastuoM ko taba hI grahaNa karatA hai jaba usake svAmI dvArA vastu pradAna kI jaaye| adatta vastu ko grahaNa na karanA zramaNa kA mahAvrata hai| vaha mana, vacana, kAyA aura kRtakArita anumodana ko navakoTiyoM sahita asteya mahAvrata kA pAlana karatA hai| cauryakarma eka prakAra se hiMsA hI hai| adattAdAna aneka durguNoM kA janaka hai| vaha apayaza kA kAraNa aura anArya karma hai, isalie zramaNa isa mahAvrata kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karatA hai| caturtha mahAvrata brahmacarya hai| brahmacarya ke pAlana se mAnava kA antaHkaraNa prazasta, gambhIra aura susthira hotA hai| brahmacarya ke naSTa hone para anya sabhI niyamoM aura upaniyamoM kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai|02 abrahmacarya Asakti aura moha kA kAraNa hai, jisase AtmA kA patana hotA hai| vaha Atma-vikAsa meM bAdhaka hai, isIlie zramaNa ko sabhI prakAra ke abrahma se mukta hone kA sandeza

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* 144 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana diyA gayA hai| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke lie Antarika aura bAhya donoM prakAra kI sAvadhAnI bahuta Avazyaka hai| jarA-sI asAvadhAnI se sAdhaka sAdhanA se cyuta ho sakatA hai| brahmacarya-pAlana kA jahA~ atyadhika mahattva batAyA gayA hai vahA~ usakI surakSA ke lie kaThora niyamoM kA bhI vidhAna hai| brahmacarya uttama tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, samyaktva tathA vinaya kA mUla hai| ... aparigraha pA~cavA~ mahAvrata hai| zramaNa bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM hI prakAra ke parigraha se mukta hotA hai| parigraha cAhe alpa ho yA adhika ho, sacitta ho yA acitta ho, vaha sabhI kA tyAga karatA hai| vaha mana, vacana aura kAyA se na parigraha rakhatA hai aura rakhavAtA hai aura na rakhane vAle kA anumodana karatA hai| parigraha kI vRtti Antarika lobha kI pratIka hai| isIlie mUrchA yA Asakti ko parigraha kahA hai| zramaNa ko jIvana kI AvazyakatA kI dRSTi se kucha dharmopakaraNa rakhane par3ate haiM, jaise-vastra, pAtra, kambala, rajoharaNa aadi|03 zramaNa ve hI vastue~ apane pAsa meM rakhe jinake dvArA saMyama-sAdhanA meM sahAyatA mile| zramaNoM ko una upakaraNoM para mamatva nahIM rakhanA cAhie, kyoMki mamatva sAdhanA kI pragati ke lie bAdhaka hai| AcArAMga04 ke anusAra jo pUrNa svastha zramaNa hai, vaha eka vastra se adhika na rkhe| zramaNiyoM ke lie cAra vastra rakhane kA vidhAna hai para zramaNa ke vastroM ke nApa ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai kintu zramaNiyoM ke lie jo cAra vastra kA ullekha hai unameM eka do hAtha kA, do tIna hAtha ke aura eka cAra hAtha kA honA caahie| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM zramaNoM ke lie caudaha prakAra ke upakaraNoM kA vidhAna hai-(1) pAtra-joki lakar3I, miTTI athavA tumbI kA ho sakatA hai, (2) pAtrabandha-pAtroM ko bA~dhane kA kapar3A, (3) pAtrasthApanA-pAtra rakhane kA kapar3A, (4) pAtrakesarikA-pAtra poMchane kA kapar3A, (5) paTala-pAtra Dhakane kA kapar3A, (6) rajastrANa, (7) gocchaka, (8) se (10) pracchAdaka-or3hane kI cAdara, zramaNa vibhinna nApoM kI tIna cAdareM rakha sakatA hai isalie ye tIna upakaraNa mAne gaye haiM, (11) rajoharaNa, (12) mukhavastrikA, (13) mAtraka, aura (14) colptttt|05 ye caudaha prakAra kI vastue~ zramaNoM ke lie Avazyaka mAnI gaI haiN| bRhatkalpabhASya'06 Adi meM anya vastue~ rakhane kA bhI vidhAna milatA hai, para vistArabhaya se hama yahA~ una sabakI carcA nahIM kara rahe haiN| ahiMsA aura saMyama kI vRddhi ke lie ye upakaraNa haiM, na ki sukha-suvidhA ke lie|

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 145 * pA~ca mahAvratoM ke sAtha chaThA vrata rAtri-bhojana-parityAga hai| zramaNa sampUrNa rUpa se rAtri-bhojana kA parityAga karatA hai| ahiMsA mahAvrata ke lie va saMyama-sAdhanA ke lie rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| sUrya asta ho jAne ke pazcAt zramaNa AhAra Adi karane kI icchA mana meM bhI na kre| rAtri-bhojana-parityAga ko nitya tapa kahA hai| rAtri meM AhAra karane se aneka sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA kI sambhAvanA hotI hai| rAtri-bhojana karane vAlA una sUkSma aura trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se apane Apako bacA nahIM sktaa| isalie nirgrantha zramaNoM ke lie rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| mahAvrata aura yama ye zramaNa ke mUla vrata haiN| aSTAMgayoga meM mahAvratoM ko yama kahA gayA hai| AcArya pataMjali ke anusAra mahAvrata jAti, deza, kAla Adi kI sImAoM se mukta eka sArvabhauma sAdhanA hai|07 mahAvratoM kA pAlana sabhI ke dvArA nirapekSa rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaidika paramparA kI dRSTi se saMnyAsI ko mahAvrata kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karanA cAhie, usake lie hiMsA-kArya niSiddha hai|08 asatya bhASaNa aura kaTu bhASaNa bhI varNya hai|09 brahmacarya mahAvrata kA bhI saMnyAsI ko pUrNa rUpa se pAlana karanA caahie| saMnyAsI ke lie jalapAtra, jala chAnane kA vastra, pAdukA, Asana Adi kucha Avazyaka vastue~ rakhane kA vidhAna hai|7deg dhAtupAtra kA prayoga saMnyAsI ke lie niSiddha hai| AcArya manu ne likhA hai-saMnyAsI jalapAtra yA bhikSApAtra miTTI, lakar3I, tumbI yA binA chidra vAlA bA~sa kA pAtra rakha sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki jaina paramparA meM jitanA ahiMsA kA sUkSma vizleSaNa hai utanA sUkSma vizleSaNa vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM huA hai| vaidika RSiyoM ne jala, agni, vAyu Adi meM jIva nahIM mAnA hai| yahI kAraNa hai jalasnAna ko vahA~ adhika mahattva diyA hai| paMcAgni tapane ko dharma mAnA hai, kanda-mUla ke AhAra ko RSiyoM ke lie zreSTha AhAra svIkAra kiyA hai| tathApi hiMsA se bacane kA upadeza to diyA hI gayA hai| vaidika RSiyoM ne satya bolane para bala diyA hai| apriya satya bhI varNya hai| vahI satya bolanA zreyaskara hai jisase sabhI prANiyoM kA hita ho| isI taraha anya vratoM kI tulanA mahAvratoM ke sAtha vaidika paramparA kI dRSTi se kI jA sakatI hai| mahAvrata aura dasa zIla jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM mahAvratoM kA nirUpaNa hai, vaisA mahAvratoM ke nAma se varNana bauddha paramparA meM nahIM hai| vinayapiTaka mahAvagga meM bauddha bhikSuoM International

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146 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ke dasa zIla kA vidhAna hai jo mahAvratoM ke sAtha milate-julate haiN| ve dasa zIla isa prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) prANAtipAta - viramaNa, (2) adattAdAna - viramaNa, (3) kAmesumicchAcAra - viramaNa, (4) mUsAvAda (mRSAvAda) - viramaNa, (5) surA-meraya - madya ( mAdaka dravya) - viramaNa, (6) vikAla bhojana - viramaNa, (7) nRtya-gItavAditra - viramaNa, (8) mAlya dhAraNa, gandhavilepana - viramaNa, (9) ucca zayyA, mahAzayyA - viramaNa, (10) jAtarUpa-rajatagrahaNa (svarNa rajatagrahaNa) - viramaNa / 112 mahAvrata aura zIla meM bhAvoM kI dRSTi se bahuta kucha samAnatA hai| / suttanipAta 113 ke anusAra bhikSu ke lie mana, vacana, kAyA aura kRta, kArita tathA anumodita hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / vinayapiTaka 114 ke vidhAnAnusAra bhikSu ke lie vanaspati tor3anA, bhUmi ko khodanA niSiddha hai kyoMki usase hiMsA hone kI sambhAvanA hai| bauddha paramparA ne pRthvI, pAnI Adi meM jIva kI kalpanA to kI hai para bhikSu Adi ke lie sacitta jala Adi kA niSedha nahIM hai, kevala jala chAnakara pIne kA vidhAna hai| jaina zramaNa kI taraha bauddha bhikSuka bhI apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti bhikSAvRtti ke dvArA karatA hai / vinayapiTaka meM kahA gayA hai - jo bhikSu binA dI huI vastu ko letA hai vaha zramaNadharma se cyuta ho jAtA hai / 115 saMyuktanikAya meM likhA hai- yadi bhikSuka phUla ko sU~ghatA hai to bhI vaha corI karatA hai| 116 bauddha bhikSuka ke lie strI kA sparza bhI varjya mAnA hai / 117 Ananda ne tathAgata buddha se prazna kiyA- "bhadanta ! hama kisa prakAra striyoM ke sAtha bartAva kareM ?" tathAgata ne kahA- "unheM mata dekho|" Ananda ne punaH jijJAsA vyakta kI- "yadi ve dikhAI de jAe~ to hama unake sAtha kaisA vyavahAra kareM ?" tathAgata ne kahA- "unake sAtha vArttAlApa nahIM karanA caahie|" Ananda ne kahA- "bhadanta ! yadi vArttAlApa kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAye to kyA karanA cAhie ?" buddha ne kahA - " usa samaya bhikSu ko apanI smRti ko sa~bhAle rakhanA caahie|" bhikSu kA ekAnta sthAna meM bhikSuNI ke sAtha baiThanA bhI aparAdha mAnA gayA hai / ' 119 bauddha bhikSu ke lie vidhAna hai ki vaha svayaM asatya na bole, anya kisI se asatya na bulavAye aura na kisI ko asatya bolane kI anumati de| 120 bauddha bhikSu satyavAdI hotA hai, vaha na kisI kI cugalI karatA hai aura na kapaTapUrNa vacana hI bolatA hai / 121 bauddha bhikSu ke lie vidhAna hai - jo vacana satya ho, hitakArI ho, use bolanA cAhie / 122 jo bhikSu jAnakara asatya vacana bolatA hai, apamAnajanaka zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai to vaha prAyazcitta yogya doSa mAnA hai|123 gRhasthocita bhASA bolanA bhI bauddha bhikSu ke lie va hai / 24 bauddha bhikSu ke lie parigraha rakhanA varjita mAnA gayA hai| bhikSu ko svarNa, 118

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 147 * rajata Adi dhAtuoM ko grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie|25 jIvana yApana ke lie jitane vastra-pAtra apekSita haiM, unase adhika nahIM rakhanA caahie| yadi vaha AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha karatA hai to doSI hai| bauddha bhikSu tIna cIvara, bhikSApAtra, pAnI chAnane ke lie channe se yukta pAtra Adi sImita vastue~ rakha sakatA hai| 26 yahA~ taka ki bhikSu ke pAsa jo sAmagrI hai usakA adhikArI saMgha hai| vaha una vastuoM kA upayoga kara sakatA hai para unakA svAmI nahIM hai| zeSa jo cAra zIla haiM-madyapAna, vikAla bhojana, nRtyagIta, ucca zayyAvarjana Adi kA mahAvrata ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM hai para ve zramaNoM ke lie varNya haiN| dasa bhikSuzIla aura mahAvratoM meM samanvaya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to bahuta kucha samAnatA hai, tathApi jaina zramaNoM kI AcAra-saMhitA meM aura bauddha paramparA kI AcAra-saMhitA meM antara hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI dasa bhikSuzIloM ke lie mana, vacana, kAyA tathA kRta, kArita, anumodita kI nava koTiyoM kA vidhAna hai para vahA~ audezika hiMsA se bacane kA vidhAna nahIM hai| jaina zramaNa ke lie yaha vidhAna hai ki yadi koI gRhastha sAdhu ke nimitta hiMsA karatA hai aura yadi zramaNa ko yaha jJAta ho jAye to vaha AhAra Adi grahaNa nahIM krtaa| jaina zramaNa ke nimitta bhikSA taiyAra kI huI ho yA AmaMtraNa diyA gayA ho to vaha kisI bhI prakAra kA AmaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM krtaa| buddha, apane lie prANIvadha kara jo mA~sa taiyAra kiyA hotA use niSiddha mAnate the para sAmAnya bhojana ke sambandha meM, cAhe vaha bhojana auddezika ho, ve svIkAra karate the| ve bhojana Adi ke lie diyA gayA AmaMtraNa bhI svIkAra karate the| isakA mUla kAraNa hai agni, pAnI Adi meM bauddha paramparA ne jaina paramparA kI taraha jIva nahIM mAne haiN| isalie sAmAnya bhojana meM auddezika dRSTi se hone vAlI hiMsA kI ora unakA dhyAna hI nahIM gyaa| bauddha paramparA meM dasa zIloM kA vidhAna hone para bhI una zIloM ke pAlana meM bauddha bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyA~ utanI sajaga nahIM rahIM jitanI jaina paramparA ke zramaNa aura zramaNiyA~ sajaga rhiiN| Aja bhI jaina zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke dvArA mahAvratoM kA pAlana jAgarUkatA ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai jabaki bauddha aura vaidika paramparA unake prati bahuta hI upekSAzIla ho gaI hai| niyamoM ke pAlana kI zithilatA ne hI tathAgata buddha ke bAda bauddha bhikSu saMgha meM vikRtiyA~ paidA kara dii| mahAvratoM ke varNana ke pazcAt prastuta adhyayana meM vivekayukta pravRtti para bala diyA hai| jisa kArya meM viveka kA Aloka jagamagA rahA hai, vaha kArya

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148 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana karmabandhana kA kAraNa nahIM aura jisa kArya meM viveka kA abhAva hai, usa kArya se karmabandhana hotA hai| jaise prAcIna yuga meM yoddhAgaNa raNakSetra meM jaba jAte the taba zarIra para kavaca dhAraNa kara lete the / kavaca dhAraNa karane se zarIra para tIkSNa bANoM kA koI asara nahIM hotA, kavaca se TakarAkara bANa nIce gira jAte, vaise hI viveka ke kavaca ko dhAraNa kara sAdhaka jIvana ke kSetra meM pravRtti karatA hai| usa para karmabandhana ke bANa nahIM lgte| vivekI sAdhaka sabhI jIvoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai, usameM 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' kI bhavya bhAvanA a~gar3AiyA~ letI haiN| isalie vaha kisI bhI prANI ko kisI bhI prakAra se pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAtA / isa adhyayana meM isa bAta para bhI bala diyA gayA hai ki pahale jJAna hai usake pazcAt cAritra hai| jJAna ke abhAva meM cAritra samyak nahIM hotA / pahale jIvoM kA jJAna honA caahie| jise SaDjIvanikAya kA parijJAna hai, vahI jIvoM ke prati dayA rakha skegaa| jise yaha parijJAna hI nahIM hai-jIva kyA hai ? ajIva kyA hai ? vaha jIvoM kI rakSA kisa prakAra kara sakegA ? isIlie mukti kA Aroha-krama jAnane ke lie isa adhyayana meM bahuta hI upayogI sAmagrI dI gaI hai| jIvAjIvAbhigama, AcAra, dharmaprajJapti, cAritradharma, caraNa aura dharma ye chahoM SaDjIvanikAya ke paryAyavAcI haiM / 127 niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke abhimatAnusAra yaha adhyayana Atma-pravAdapUrva se uddhRta hai / 128 / eSaNA : vizleSaNa pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma piNDaiSaNA hai / piNDa zabda 'piMDI saMghAte ' dhAtu se nirmita hai | cAhe sajAtIya padArtha ho yA vijAtIya, usa Thosa padArtha kA eka sthAna para ikaTThA ho jAnA piNDa kahalAtA hai / piNDa zabda tarala aura Thosa donoM ke lie vyavahRta huA hai / AcArAMga meM pAnI kI eSaNA ke lie piNDaiSaNA zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 129 saMkSepa meM yadi kahA jAya to azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya, ina sabhI kI eSaNA ke lie piNDaiSaNA zabda kA vyavahAra huA hai / 130 doSarahita zuddha va prAsuka AhAra Adi kI eSaNA karane kA nAma piNDaiSaNA hai| piNDaiSaNA kA vivecana AcAracUlA vistAra se huA hai| usI kA saMkSepa meM nirUpaNa isa adhyayana meM hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM piNDaiSaNA ke sAta prakAra batAe haiM- (1) saMsRSTA - deya vastu se lipta hAtha yA kar3achI Adi se dene para bhikSA grahaNa karanA, (2) asaMsRSTA - deya vastu se alipta hAtha yA kar3achI Adi se bhikSA dene para grahaNa karanA, (3) uddhRtA - apane prayojana ke lie rA~dhane ke pAtra se dUsare pAtra meM nikAlA huA AhAra grahaNa karanA, (4) alpalepA - alpalepa vAlI

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-.-.-.-.-.-.-. dazavakAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 149 * yAni canA, bAdAma, piste, drAkSA Adi rUkhI vastue~ lenA, (5) avagRhItA-khAne ke lie thAlI meM parosA huA AhAra lenA, (6) pragRhItA-parosane ke lie kar3achI yA cammaca Adi se nikAlA huA AhAra lenA yA khAne vAle vyakti ke dvArA apane hAtha se ka~vala uThAyA gayA ho para khAyA na gayA ho, use grahaNa karanA, (7) ujjhitadharmA-jo bhojana amanojJa hone ke kAraNa parityAga karane yogya hai, use lenaa|31 bhikSA : grahaNa-vidhi prastuta adhyayana meM batAyA hai ki zramaNa AhAra ke lie jAye to gRhastha ke ghara meM praveza karake zuddha AhAra kI gaveSaNA kre| vaha yaha jAnane kA prayAsa kare ki yaha AhAra zuddha aura nirdoSa hai yA nahIM?"32 isa AhAra ko lene se pazcAtkarma Adi doSa to nahIM lageMge? yadi AhAra atithi Adi ke lie banAyA gayA ho to use lene para gRhastha ko dobArA taiyAra karanA par3egA yA gRhastha ko aisA anubhava hogA ki mehamAna ke lie bhojana banAyA aura muni bIca meM hI A ttpke| unake mana meM napharata kI bhAvanA ho sakatI hai, ataH vaha AhAra bhI grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| kisI garbhavatI mahilA ke lie banAyA gayA ho-vaha khA rahI ho aura usako antarAya lage vaha AhAra bhI zramaNa grahaNa na kre|33 garIba aura bhikhAriyoM ke lie taiyAra kiyA huA AhAra bhikSu ke lie akalpanIya hai|34 do sAjhIdAroM kA AhAra ho aura donoM kI pUrNa sahamati na ho to vaha AhAra bhI bhikSu grahaNa na kre|35 isa taraha bhikSu prApta AhAra kI Agama ke anusAra eSaNA kre| vaha bhikSA na milane para nirAza nahIM hotaa| vaha yaha nahIM socatA ki yaha kaisA gA~va hai, jahA~ bhikSA bhI upalabdha nahIM ho rahI hai ! pratyuta vaha socatA hai ki acchA huA, Aja mujhe tapasyA kA sunaharA avasara anAyAsa prApta ho gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki zramaNa ko aisI bhikSA lenI cAhie jo navakoTi parizuddha ho arthAt pUrNa rUpa se ahiMsaka ho| bhikSu bhojana ke lie na svayaM jIva-hiMsA kare aura na karavAe tathA na hiMsA karate hue kA anumodana kre| na vaha svayaM anna pakAe, na pakavAe aura na pakAte hue kA anumodana kare tathA na svayaM mola le, na livAe aura na lene vAle kA anumodana kre| 26 zramaNa ko jo kucha bhI prApta hotA hai, vaha bhikSA se hI prApta hotA hai| isIlie kahA hai-"savvaM se jAiyaM hoI Natthi kiMci ajaaiyN|"137 bhikSu ko

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* 150 mUlasUtra eka parizIlana sabhI kucha mA~gane se milatA hai, usake pAsa aisI koI vastu nahIM hotI jo ayAcita ho / yAcanA parISaha hai / kyoMki dUsaroM ke sAmane hAtha pasAranA sarala nahIM hai, ahiMsA ke pAlaka zramaNa ko vaisA karanA par3atA hai kintu usakI bhikSA pUrNa nirdoSa hotI hai| vaha bhikSA ke doSoM ko TAlatA hai| Agama meM bhikSA ke nimna doSa batAye haiM- udgama aura utpAdana ke solaha-solaha aura eSaNA ke dasa, ye sabhI milAkara bayAlIsa doSa hote haiM / pA~ca doSa paribhogaiSaNA ke haiN| jo doSa gRhastha ke dvArA lagate haiM, ve doSa udgama doSa kahalAte haiM, ye doSa AhAra kI utpatti sambandhI haiN| sAdhu ke dvArA lagane vAle doSa utpAdanA ke doSa kahalAte haiN| AhAra kI yAcanA karate samaya ye doSa lagate haiM / sAdhu aura gRhastha donoM ke dvArA jo doSa lagate haiM, ve eSaNA ke doSa kahalAte haiN| ye doSa vidhipUrvaka AhAra na lene aura vidhipUrvaka AhAra na dene tathA zuddhAzuddha kI chAnabIna na karane se utpanna hote haiN| bhojana karate samaya bhojana kI sarAhanA aura nindA Adi karane se jo doSa paidA hote haiM ve paribhogaiSaNA doSa kahalAte haiM / Agama-sAhitya meM ye saiMtAlIsa doSa yatra-tatra varNita haiM, jaise- sthAnAMga ke nauveM sthAna meM AdhAkarma, auddezika, mizrajAta, adhyavataraka, pUtikarma, kRtakRtya, prAmitya, Acchedya, anisRSTa aura abhyAhRta ye doSa batAe haiM / 1 38 nizIthasUtra meM dhAtRpiNDa, dUtIpiNDa, nimittapiNDa, AjIvapiNDa, vanIpakapiNDa, cikitsApiNDa, kopapiNDa, mAnapiNDa, mAyApiNDa, lobhapiNDa, vidyApiNDa, maMtrapiNDa, cUrNapiNDa, 139 yogapiNDa aura pUrva - pazcAt saMstava ye batalAye haiM / AcAracUlA meM parivartana kA ullekha hai / ' bhagavatI meM aMgAra, dhUma, saMyojanA, prAbhRtikA aura pramANAtireka doSa milate haiM / 141 praznavyAkaraNa meM mUla karma kA ullekha hai / dazavaikAlika meM udbhinna, mAlApahRta, adhyavatara, zaMkita, prakSita, nikSipta, pihita, saMhRtra, dAyaka, unmizra, apariNata, lipta aura chardita ye doSa Aye haiM / 142 uttarAdhyayana meM kAraNAtikrAnta doSa kA ullekha hai / 143 .140 zramaNAcAra : eka adhyayana chaThe adhyayana meM mahAcArakathA kA nirUpaNa hai| tRtIya adhyayana meM kSullaka AcArakathA kA varNana thA / usa adhyayana kI apekSA yaha adhyayana vistRta hone se mahAcArakathA hai| tRtIya adhyayana meM anAcAroM kI eka sUcI dI gaI hai kintu isa adhyayana meM vividha dRSTiyoM se anAcAroM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyayana kI racanA zramaNoM ko anAcAroM se bacAne ke lie saMketa-sUcI ke rUpa

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 151 meM kI gaI hai, to isa adhyayana meM sAdhaka ke antarmAnasa meM ubuddha hue vividha praznoM ke samAdhAna hetu doSoM se bacane kA nirdeza hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kaha sakate haiM ki tRtIya adhyayana meM anAcAroM kA sAmAnya nirUpaNa hai to isa adhyayana meM vizeSa nirUpaNa hai / yatra-tatra utsarga aura apavAda kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| utsarga meM jo bAteM niSiddha kahI gaI haiM, apavAda meM ve paristhitivaza grahaNa bhI kI jAtI haiN| isa prakAra isa adhyayana meM sahetuka nirUpaNa huA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI paripUrNatA ke lie zraddhA aura jJAna, ye donoM paryApta nahIM haiM kintu usake lie AcaraNa bhI Avazyaka hai| binA samyak AcaraNa ke AdhyAtmika paripUrNatA nahIM AtI / samyak AcaraNa ke pUrva samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna Avazyaka hai| samyak darzana kA artha zraddhA hai aura samyak jJAna artha tattva kA sAkSAtkAra hai| zraddhA aura jJAna kI paripUrNatA jaina dRSTi se terahaveM guNasthAna meM ho jAtI hai kintu samyak cAritra kI pUrNatA na hone se mokSa prApta nahIM hotA / caudahaveM guNasthAna meM samyak cAritra kI pUrNatA hotI hai to usI kSaNa AtmA mukta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI dizA meM uThAyA gayA kadama antima caraNa hai| samyak darzana parikalpanA hai, samyak jJAna prayoga vidhi hai aura samyak cAritra prayoga hai / tInoM ke saMyoga se satya kA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| jJAna kA sAra AcaraNa hai aura AcaraNa kA sAra nirvANa yA paramArtha ko upalabdhi hai / chaThe adhyayana kA apara nAma 'dharmArthakAma' milatA hai / mUrdhanya manISiyoM kI kalpanA hai ki isa adhyayana kI cauthI gAthA meM 'haMdi dhamatthakAmANaM' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, isa kAraNa isa adhyayana kA nAma 'dharmArthakAma' ho gayA hai| yahA~ para dharma se abhiprAya mokSa hai| zramaNa mokSa kI kAmanA karatA hai / isalie zramaNa kA vizeSaNa dharmArthakAma hai| zramaNa kA AcAra - gocara atyadhika kaThora hotA hai| usa kaThora AcAra kA pratipAdana prastuta adhyayana meM huA hai, isalie sambhava hai isI kAraNa isa adhyayana kA nAma dharmArthakAma rakhA ho| 144 isa adhyayana meM spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai, jo bhI vastra, pAtra, kambala aura rajoharaNa haiM unheM muni saMyama aura lajjA kI rakSA ke lie hI rakhate aura unakA upayoga karate haiM / saba jIvoM ke trAtA jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne vastra Adi ko parigraha nahIM kahA hai| mUrcchA parigraha hai, aisA maharSi ne kahA / zramaNoM ke vastroM ke sambandha meM do paramparAe~ rahI haiM - digambara paramparA kI dRSTi se zramaNa vastra

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* 152 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA to zvetAmbara paramparA kI dRSTi se zramaNa vastra ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| AcAracUlA meM zramaNa ko eka vastra sahita, do vastra sahita Adi kahA hai|145 uttarAdhyayana meM zramaNa kI sacela aura acela ina donoM avasthAoM kA varNana hai|46 AcArAMga meM jinakalpI zramaNoM ke lie zIta Rtu vyatIta ho jAne para acela rahane kA bhI vidhAna hai|47 prazamarati prakaraNa meM AcArya umAsvAti ne dharma-deharakSA ke nimitta anujJAta piNDa, zayyA Adi ke sAtha vastraiSaNA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai|48 unhoMne usI grantha meM zramaNoM ke lie kauna-sI vastu kalpanIya hai aura kauna-sI vastu akalpanIya hai, isa prazna para cintana karate hue vastra kA ullekha kiyA hai|49 tattvArthabhASya meM eSaNAsamiti ke prasaMga meM vastra kA ullekha kiyA hai|50 isa prakAra zvetAmbara sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para vastra kA nidhAna zramaNoM ke lie prApta hai| Agama sAhitya meM sacelatA aura acelatA donoM prakAra ke vidhAna milate haiN| aba prazna yaha haizramaNa nirgrantha aparigrahI hotA hai to phira vaha vastra kisa prakAra rakha sakatA hai? bhaMDopakaraNa ko bhI parigraha mAnA gayA hai| para AcArya zayyambhava ne kahA"jo Avazyaka vastra-pAtra saMyama-sAdhanA ke lie haiM ve parigraha nahIM haiM, kyoMki una vastra-pAtroM meM zramaNa kI mUrchA nahIM hotI hai| ve to saMyama aura lajjA ke lie dhAraNa kiye jAte haiN| ve vastra-pAtra saMyama-sAdhanA meM upakArI hote haiM, isalie ve dharmopakaraNa haiN|" isa prakAra parigraha kI bahuta hI saTIka paribhASA prastuta adhyayana meM dI gaI hai|'51 vANI-viveka : eka vizleSaNa ___ sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma vAkya-zuddhi hai| jainadharma ne vANI ke viveka para atyadhika bala diyA hai| mauna rahanA vacanagupti hai| vivekapUrvaka vANI kA prayoga karanA bhASAsamiti hai| zramaNa asatya, karkaza, ahitakArI evaM hiMsAkArI bhASA kA prayoga nahIM kara sktaa| vaha strIvikathA, rAjadezavikathA, coravikathA, bhojanavikathA Adi vacana kI azubha pravRtti kA parihAra karatA hai| 52 vaha azubha pravRttiyoM meM jAte hue vacana kA nirodha kara vacanagupti kA pAlana karatA hai|53 muni pramANa, naya, nikSepa se yukta apekSA dRSTi se hita, mita, madhura tathA satya bhASA bolatA hai|54 zramaNa sAdhanA kI ucca bhUmi para avasthita hai ataH use apanI vANI para bahuta hI niyaMtraNa aura sAvadhAnI rakhanI hotI hai| zramaNa sAvadya aura anavadya

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dazavakAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 153 * bhASA kA viveka rakhakara bolatA hai| isa prakAra vacanasamiti kA lAbha vaktA aura zrotA donoM ko milatA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM zramaNa ko kisa prakAra kI bhASA bolanI cAhie aura kisa prakAra kI bhASA nahIM bolanI cAhie, isa sambandha meM cintana karate kahA gayA hai ki zramaNa asatya bhASA kA prayoga na kare aura satyAsatya yAni mizra bhASA kA bhI prayoga na kare, kyoMki asatya aura mizra sAvadha hotI hai| sAvadha bhASA se karmabandha hotA hai| jisa zramaNa ko sAvadha aura anavadya kA viveka nahIM hai, usake lie mauna rahanA hI acchA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM muni ke lie mauna kA vidhAna hai- "muNI moNaM samAdAya dhuNe kmmsriirgN|"-muni mauna-saMyama ko svIkAra kara karmabandhanoM kA kSaya karatA hai| satya aura asatyAmRSA arthAt vyavahAra bhASA kA prayoga yadi niravadya hai to usa bhASA kA prayoga zramaNa kara sakatA hai| vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko batAne vAlI bhASA satya hone para bhI yadi kisI ke dila meM darda paidA karatI hai to vaha bhASA zramaNa ko nahIM bolanI caahie| jaise-andhe ko andhA kahanA, kAne ko kAnA khnaa| satya hone para bhI vaha avaktavya hai| bolane ke pUrva sAdhaka ko socanA cAhie ki vaha kyA bola rahA hai ? vijJa bolane se pUrva socatA hai to mUrkha bolane ke bAda meM socatA hai ! eka bAra jo apazabda mu~ha se nikala jAte haiM, unake bAda kevala pazcAttApa hAtha lagatA hai| vANI ke asaMyama ne hI mahAbhArata kA yuddha karavAyA, jisameM bhArata kI viziSTa vibhUtiyA~ naSTa ho giiN| isa prakAra vANI kA prayoga AcAra kA pramukha aMga hone ke kAraNa usa para sUkSma ciMtana isa adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| vivekahIna vANI aura vivekahIna mauna donoM para hI niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne cintana kiyA hai| jisa zramaNa meM bolane kA viveka hai, bhASAsamiti kA pUrNa parijJAna hai vaha bolatA huA bhI maunI hai aura avivekapUrvaka jo mauna rakhatA hai, usakA mauna vANI taka to sImita rahatA hai para antarmAnasa meM vikRta bhAvanAe~ panapa rahI hoM to vaha mauna saccA mauna nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM koI zramaNa rugNa hai, gurujana rAtri meM ziSya ko AvAja dete haiN| yadi ziSya soce ki isa samaya bole to sevA ke lie uThanA par3egA, ataH mauna rakha luuN| isa prakAra socakara uttara nahIM detA hai to vaha mauna sahI mauna nahIM hai| ataH sAdhaka ko hara dRSTi se cintanapUrvaka bolanA cAhie, usakI vANI para viveka kA aMkuza ho| dhammapada meM kahA hai ki jo bhikSu vANI meM saMyata hai, mitabhASI hai tathA vinIta hai vahI dharma aura artha ko prakAzita karatA hai, usakA bhASaNa madhura hotA hai|55 suttanipAta meM ullekha hai ki bhikSu ko

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* 154 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana avivekapUrNa vacana nahIM bolanA caahie| vaha vivekapUrNa vacana kA hI prayoga kre| AcArya manu ne likhA hai- muni ko sadaiva satya hI bolanA caahie|56 mahAbhArata zAntiparva meM vacana-viveka para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai|'57 indriya-saMyama : eka cintana prastuta adhyayana satyapravAda pUrva se uddhRta hai|58 AThaveM adhyayana kA nAma AcArapraNidhi hai| AcAra eka virAT nidhi hai| jisa sAdhaka ko yaha apUrva nidhi prApta ho jAtI hai, usake jIvana kA kAyAkalpa ho jAtA hai| usakA pratyeka vyavahAra anya sAdhakoM kI apekSA pRthak ho jAtA hai| usakA calanA, baiThanA, uThanA sabhI vivekayukta hotA hai| vaha indriyarUpI azvoM ko sanmArga kI ora le jAtA hai| usakI mana, vacana, karma aura indriyA~ ucchRkhala nahIM hotiiN| vaha zabda, rUpa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza meM samabhAva dhAraNa karatA hai| rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara karmabandhana nahIM karatA hai-indriyoM para vaha niyaMtraNa karatA hai| indriya-saMyama zravaNa-jIvana kA anivArya karttavya hai| yadi zramaNa indriyoM para saMyama nahIM rakhegA to zramaNa-jIvana meM pragati nahIM kara skegaa| prAyaH indriya-sukhoM kI prApti ke lie hI vyakti patita AcaraNa karatA hai| indriya-saMyama kA artha hai-indriyoM ko apane viSayoM ke grahaNa se rokanA evaM gRhIta viSaya meM rAga-dveSa na krnaa| hamAre antarmAnasa meM indriyoM ke viSayoM ke prati jo AkarSaNa utpanna hotA hai unakA niyamana kiyA jaae|59 zramaNa apanI pA~coM indriyoM ko saMyama meM rakhe aura jahA~ bhI saMyamamArga se patana kI saMbhAvanA ho vahA~ una viSayoM para saMyama kre| jaise saMkaTa samupasthita hone para kachuA apane aMgoM kA samAharaNa kara letA hai vaise hI zramaNa indriyoM kI pravRttiyoM kA samAharaNa kre|60 bauddha zramaNoM ke lie bhI indriya-saMyama Avazyaka mAnA hai| dhammapada meM tathAgata buddha ne kahA-"netroM kA saMyama uttama hai, kAnoM kA saMyama uttama hai, ghrANa aura rasanA kA saMyama bhI uttama hai, zarIra, vacana aura mana kA saMyama bhI uttama hai, jo bhikSu sarvatra sabhI indriyoM kA saMyama rakhatA hai vaha duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai|''161 sthitaprajJa kA lakSaNa batalAte hue zrIkRSNa ne vIra arjuna ko kahA-"jisakI indriyA~ vazIbhUta haiM vahI sthitaprajJa hai|'162 isa prakAra bhAratIya paramparA meM cAhe zramaNa ho, cAhe saMnyAsI ho usake lie indriya-saMyama Avazyaka hai|63

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 155 * - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . kaSAya : eka vizleSaNa zramaNa ko indriyanigraha ke sAtha kaSAyanigraha bhI Avazyaka hai| kaSAya zabda krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha kA saMgrAhaka hai| yaha jainadharma kA pAribhASika zabda hai| kaSa aura Aya ina do zabdoM ke mela se kaSAya zabda nirmita huA hai| 'kaSa' kA artha saMsAra, karma yA janma-maraNa hai aura Aya kA artha lAbha hai| jisase prANI karmoM se bA~dhA jAtA hai athavA jisase jIva punaH-punaH janma-maraNa ke cakra meM par3atA hai vaha kaSAya hai|'6" sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra pApakarma ke do sthAna haiMrAga aura dvess| rAga mAyA aura lobharUpa hai tathA dveSa krodha aura mAnarUpa hai|165 AcArya jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ne apane mahattvapUrNa grantha vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM nayoM ke AdhAra se rAga-dveSa kA kaSAyoM ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai. isa para cintana kiyA hai| saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se krodha aura mAna ye donoM dveSarUpa haiN| mAyA aura lobha ye donoM rAgarUpa haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki krodha aura mAna meM dUsare ke prati ahita kI bhAvanA sannihita hai| vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se krodha, mAna aura mAyA ye tInoM dveSa ke antargata Ate haiN| mAyA meM bhI dUsare kA ahita ho, isa prakAra kI vicAradhArA rahatI hai| lobha ekAkI rAga meM hai, kyoMki usameM mamatvabhAva hai| RjusUtranaya kI dRSTi se kevala krodha hI dveSarUpa hai| mAna. mAyA. lobha ye tInoM kaSAya na rAga-prerita haiM aura na dvess-prerit| ve jaba rAga se utprerita hote haiM to rAgarUpa haiM aura jaba dveSa se prerita hote haiM to dveSarUpa haiN|166 cAroM kaSAya rAga-dveSAtmaka pakSoM kI AvegAtmaka abhivyaktiyA~ haiN| krodha eka uttejaka Avega hai jisase vicArakSamatA aura tarkazakti prAyaH zithila ho jAtI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM krodha ke dravya-krodha aura bhAva-krodha ye do bheda kiye haiN|167 dravya-krodha se zArIrika ceSTAoM meM parivartana AtA hai aura bhAva-krodha se mAnasika avasthA meM parivartana AtA hai| krodha kA anubhUtyAtmaka pakSa bhAva-krodha hai aura krodha kA abhivyaktyAtmaka pakSa dravya-krodha hai| krodha kA Avega sabhI meM eka sadRza nahIM hotA, vaha tIvra aura maMda hotA hai| tIvratama krodha anantAnubandhI krodha kahalAtA hai| tIvratara krodha apratyAkhyAnI krodha ke nAma se vizruta hai| tIvra krodha pratyAkhyAnI krodha kI saMjJA se pukArA jAtA hai aura alpa krodha saMjvalana krodha ke rUpa meM pahacAnA jAtA hai| mAna kaSAya kA dUsarA prakAra hai| mAnava meM svAbhimAna kI mUla pravRtti hai| jaba vaha pravRtti dambha aura pradarzana kA rUpa grahaNa karatI hai taba mAnava ke ___

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*156 - mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana antaHkaraNa meM mAna kI vRtti samutpanna hotI hai| ahaMkArI mAnava apanI ahaMvRtti kA sampoSaNa karatA rahatA hai| ahaM kA kAraNa vaha apane Apa ko mahAn aura dUsare ko hIna samajhatA hai| prAyaH jAti, kula, bala, aizvarya, buddhi, jJAna, saundarya, adhikAra Adi para ahaMkAra AtA hai| inheM Agama kI bhASA meM mada bhI kahA gayA hai| ahaMbhAva kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke AdhAra para mAna kaSAya ke bhI cAra prakAra hote haiM-tIvratama mAna anantAnubandhI mAna, tIvratara mAna apratyAkhyAnI maan| tIvra mAna pratyAkhyAnI mAna, alpa mAna saMjvalana ke nAma se jAne aura pahacAne jAte haiN| kapaTAcAra mAyA kaSAya hai, mAyA jIvana kI vikati hai| mAyAvI kA jIvana nirAlA hotA hai| vaha 'viSakumbhaM payomukham' hotA hai| mAyA kaSAya ke bhI tIvratA aura maMdatA kI dRSTi se pUrvavat cAra prakAra hote haiN| ____ lobha mohanIya karma ke udaya se citta meM utpanna hone vAlI tRSNA va lAlasA hai| lobha durguNoM kI jar3a hai| jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA hai tyoM-tyoM lobha bar3hatA calA jAtA hai| ananta AkAza kA kahIM ora-chora nahIM, vaise hI lobha bhI achora hai| lobha kaSAya ke bhI tIvratA aura maMdatA ke AdhAra para pUrvavat cAra prakAra hote haiN| isa prakAra kaSAya ke solaha prakAra hote haiN| kaSAya ko cANDAlacaukar3I bhI kahA gayA hai| kaSAya kI tIvratA arthAt anantAnubandhI kaSAya ke phalasvarUpa jIva anantakAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai, vaha samyak dRSTi nahIM bana sktaa| apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya meM zrAvakadharma svIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya AMzika cAritra ko naSTa kara detA hai| pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kI vidyamAnatA meM sAdhutva prApta nahIM hotaa| ye tInoM prakAra ke kaSAya vizuddha niSThA ko aura cAritradharma ko naSTa karate haiN| saMjvalana kaSAya meM pUrNa vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| isalie Atma-hita cAhane vAlA sAdhaka pApa kI vRddhi karane vAle krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha-ina cAroM doSoM ko pUrNatayA chor3a de|68 ye cAroM doSa sadguNoM ko nAza karane vAle haiN| krodha se prIti kA, mAna se vinaya kA, mAyA se mitratA kA aura lobha se sabhI sadagaNoM kA nAza hotA hai|69 yogazAstra meM AcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai-mAna vinaya, zruta, zIla kA ghAtaka hai, vivekarUpI netroM ko naSTa kara mAnava ko andhA banA detA hai| jaba krodha utpanna hotA hai to sarvaprathama usI mAnava ko jalAtA hai jisameM vaha utpanna huA hai| mAyA avidyA aura asatya ko utpanna karatI hai| vaha zIlarUpI lahalahAte hue vRkSa ko naSTa karane meM kulhAr3I ke sadRza hai| lobha se samasta doSa utpanna hote haiN| vaha

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 157 - 174 sadguNoM ko nigalane vAlA rAkSasa hai aura jitane bhI duHkha haiM unakA vaha mUla 70 prazna yaha hai ki kaSAya ko kisa prakAra jItA jAe? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue AcArya zayyambhava ne likhA hai - zAnti se krodha ko mRdutA se mAna ko, saralatA se mAthA ko aura santoSa se lobha ko jItanA cAhie / 171 AcArya kundakunda 172 tathA AcArya hemacandra 173 ne bhI zayyambhava kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai tathA bauddha grantha dhammapada' meM bhI yahI svara jhaMkRta huA hai ki akrodha se krodha ko, sAdhutA se asAdhutA ko jIteM aura kRpaNatA ko dAna se, mithyA bhASaNa ko satya se parAjita kreN| mahAbhAratakAra vyAsa ne bhI isI satya kI apane zabdoM meM punarAvRtti kI hai / 175 kaSAya vastutaH Atma-vikAsa meM atyadhika bAdhaka tattva hai / kaSAya ke naSTa hone para hI bhava paramparA kA anta hotA hai / kaSAyoM se mukta honA hI sahI dRSTi se mukti hai| 1 177 jaina paramparA meM jisa prakAra kaSAya vRtti tyAjya mAnI gaI hai usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI kaSAya vRtti ko heya mAnA hai / tathAgata buddha ne sAdhakoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - krodha kA parityAga karo, abhimAna ko chor3a do, samasta saMyojanoM ko tor3a do, jo puruSa nAma tathA rUpa meM Asakta nahIM hotA arthAt unakA lobha nahIM karatA, jo akiMcana hai usa para klezoM kA AkramaNa nahIM hotA / jo samutpanna hote hue krodha ko usI taraha nigraha kara letA hai jaise sArathI azva ko, vahI saccA sArathI hai / zeSa to mAtra lagAma pakar3ane vAle haiM / 176 jo krodha karatA hai vaha vairI hai tathA jo mAyAvI hai usa vyakti ko vRSala ( nIca) jAno / suttanipAta meM buddha ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA- jo mAnava jAti, dhana aura gotra kA abhimAna karatA hai aura apane bandhuoM kA apamAna karatA hai vaha usI parAbhava kA kAraNa hai / 178 mAyAvI marakara naraka meM utpanna hotA hai aura durgati ko prApta karatA hai / 179 isa prakAra bauddhadharma meM kaSAya yA azubha vRttiyoM ke parihAra para bala diyA hai| bauddhadarzana kI bhA~ti kaSAya-nirodha kA saMketa vaidikadarzana meM bhI prApta hai / chAndogyopaniSad meM kaSAya zabda rAga-dveSa ke artha meM prayukta hai / 180 mahAbhArata meM kaSAya zabda azubha manovRttiyoM ke artha meM AyA hai / vahA~ para isa bAta para prakAza DAlA hai ki mAnava jIvana ke tIna sopAna haiM-brahmacarya-Azrama, gRhastha Azrama aura vAnaprastha Azrama / ina tIna AzramoM meM kaSAya ko parAjita kara phira saMnyAsa Azrama kA anusaraNa kre|181 zrImadbhagavadgItA meM kaSAya ke artha meM hI AsurI vRtti kA ullekha hai| dambha, darpa, mAna, krodha Adi AsurI saMpadA haiM / 182 ahaMkArI mAnava bala,

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*158 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana darpa, kAma, krodha ke adhIna hokara apane aura dUsaroM ke zarIra meM avasthita paramAtmA se vidveSa karane vAle hote haiN|83 kAma, krodha aura lobha ye naraka ke dvAra haiM, ataH ina tInoM dvAroM kA tyAga kara denA cAhie aura jo inako tyAgakara kalyANamArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai vaha parama gati ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI krodha, mAna Adi AvegoM ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bAdhaka mAnA hai| yaha Avega sAmAjika sambandhoM meM bhI kaTutA utpanna karate haiN| sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se inakA parihAra Avazyaka hai| jitanA-jitanA kaSAyoM kA Avega kama hogA utanI hI sAdhanA meM sthiratA aura paripakvatA aayegii| isalie AThaveM adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai-zramaNa ko kaSAya kA nigraha kara mana kA supraNidhAna karanA caahie| isa adhyayana meM isa bAta para bala diyA gayA hai ki zramaNa indriya aura mana kA aprazasta prayoga na kare, vaha prazasta prayoga kre| yaha zikSA hI isa adhyayana kI antarAtmA hai| isIlie niryaktikAra kI dRSTi se 'AcArapraNidhi' nAma kA bhI yahI hetu hai|84 ___ 'praNidhi' zabda kA prayoga kauTilya ne apane arthazAstra meM aneka bAra kiyA hai| vahA~ gUDha puruSa-praNidhi, rAga-praNidhi, dUta-praNidhi Adi praNidhi pada vAle kitane hI prakaraNa haiN| arthazAstra ke vyAkhyAkAra ne praNidhi kA artha kArya meM lagAnA tathA vyApAra kiyA hai| prastuta Agama meM jo praNidhi zabda kA prayoga huA hai vaha sAdhaka ko AcAra meM pravRtta karanA yA AcAra meM saMlagna karanA hai| isa adhyayana meM kaSAyavijaya, nidrAvijaya, aTTahAsavijaya ke lie sundara saMketa kie gaye haiN| AtmagaveSI sAdhakoM ke lie saMyama aura svAdhyAya meM satata saMlagna rahane kI prabala preraNA dI gaI hai| jo saMyama aura svAdhyAya meM rata rahate haiM ve sva-para kA rakSaNa karane meM usI prakAra samartha hote haiM jaise AyudhoM se sajjita vIra sainika senA se ghira jAne para bhI apanI aura dUsaroM kI rakSA kara letA hai|185 vinaya : eka vizleSaNa nauveM adhyayana kA nAma vinayasamAdhi hai| vinaya tapa hai aura tapa dharma hai| ataH sAdhaka ko vinaya dhAraNa karanA caahie| vinaya kA sambandha hRdaya se hai| jisakA hRdaya komala hotA hai vaha gurujanoM kA vinaya karatA hai| ahaMkAra patthara kI taraha kaThora hotA hai, vaha TUTa sakatA hai para jhuka nahIM sktaa| jisakA hRdaya

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 159 * namra hai, mulAyama hai, usakI vANI aura AcaraNa sabhI meM komalatA kI madhura suvAsa hotI hai| vinaya AtmA kA aisA guNa hai, jisase AtmA sarala, zuddha aura nirmala banatA hai| vinaya zabda kA prayoga Agama-sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai| kahIM para vinaya namratA ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai to kahIM para AcAra aura usakI vividha dhArAoM ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| jaina paramparA meM vinaya zabda bahuta hI vyApaka artha ko lie hue hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya eka sampradAya thA jo vinaya-pradhAna thaa|87 vaha binA kisI bhedabhAva ke sabakA vinaya karatA thaa| cAhe zramaNa mile, cAhe brAhmaNa mile, cAhe gRhastha mile, cAhe rAjA mile yA raMka mile, cAhe hAthI mile yA ghor3A mile, cAhe kUkara mile yA zUkara mile, sabakA vinaya karate rahanA hI usakA siddhAnta thaa| isa mata ke vaziSTha, pArAzara, jatukarma, vAlmIki, romaharSiNI, satyadatta, vyAsa, telAputra, indradatta Adi battIsa AcArya the jo vinayavAda kA pracAra karate the|89 para jainadharma vainayika nahIM hai, usane AcAra ko pradhAnatA dI hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM sudarzana nAmaka zreSThI ne thAvaccAputra aNagAra se jijJAsA prastuta kI-"Apake dharma aura darzana kA mUla kyA hai ?" thAvaccAputra aNagAra ne cintana kI gaharAI meM DubakI lagAkara kahA-"sudarzana ! hamAre dharma aura darzana kA mUla vinaya hai aura vaha vinaya agAra aura anagAra vinaya ke rUpa meM hai| agAra aura anagAra ke jo vrata aura mahAvrata haiM unako dhAraNa karanA hI agAra-anagAra vinaya hai|90 isa adhyayana meM vinaya-samAdhi kA nirUpaNa hai to uttarAdhyayana ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma vinayazruta diyA gayA hai| yaha sahaja jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki vinaya ko tapa kyoM kahA gayA hai ? sadguruoM ke sAtha namratApUrNa vyavahAra karanA yaha pratyeka vyakti kA karttavya hai| phira aisI kyA vizeSatA hai jo use tapa kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki vinaya zabda jaina-sAhitya meM tIna arthoM meM vyavahRta huA hai 1. vinaya-anuzAsana, 2. vinaya-Atma-saMyama-sadAcAra, 3. viny-nmrtaa-sdvyvhaar| uttarAdhyayana ke prathama adhyayana meM jo vinaya kA vizleSaNa huA hai vahA~ vinaya anuzAsana ke artha meM AyA hai| sadguruoM kI AjJA kA pAlana karanA,

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*160 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana unakI bhAvanAoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara kArya karanA, gurujana ziSya ke hita ke lie kabhI kaThora zabdoM meM hita zikSA pradAna kareM, upAlambha bhI deM to ziSya kA kartavya hai ki vaha guru kI bAta ko bahuta hI dhyAnapUrvaka sune aura usakA acchI taraha se pAlana kre| "pharusaM pi annusaasnnN|"191 anuzAsana cAhe kitanA bhI tejatarrAra kyoM na ho, ziSya sadA yahI soce ki gurujana mere hita ke lie yaha Adeza de rahe haiM, isalie mujhe gurujanoM ke hitakArI, lAbhakArI Adeza kA pAlana karanA cAhie,192 unake Adeza kI avahelanA karanA aura anuzAsana para krodha karanA merA karttavya nahIM hai|193 vinaya kA dUsarA artha Atma-saMyama hai| uttarAdhyayana meM "appA ceva dmeyvyo|"-aatmaa kA damana karanA cAhie; jo AtmA kA damana karatA hai, vaha sarvatra sukhI hotA hai| vivekI sAdhaka saMyama aura tapa ke dvArA apane Apa para niyaMtraNa karatA hai| jo AtmA vinIta hotA hai, vaha Atma-saMyama kara sakatA hai, vahI vyakti gurujanoM ke anuzAsana ko bhI mAna sakatA hai, kyoMki usake mana meM gurujanoM ke prati ananta AsthA hotI hai| vaha pratiphala-pratikSaNa yahI socatA hai ki gurujana jo bhI mujhe kahate haiM, vaha mere hita ke lie hai, mere sudhAra ke lie hai| kitanA gurujanoM kA mujha para sneha hai ki jisake kAraNa ve mujhe zikSA pradAna karate haiN| ziSya gurujanoM ke samakSa vinIta mudrA meM baiThatA hai, gurujanoM ke samakSa kama bolatA hai yA mauna rahatA hai| gurujanoM kA vinaya kara unheM sadA prasanna rakhatA hai aura jJAna-ArAdhanA meM lIna rahatA hai| vinIta vyakti apane sadguNoM ke kAraNa Adara kA pAtra banatA hai| vinaya aisA vazIkaraNa maMtra hai jisase sabhI sadguNa khiMce cale Ate haiN| avinIta vyakti sar3e hue kAnoM vAlI kutiyA sadRza hai, jo dara-dara ThokareM khAtI hai, apamAnita hotI hai| loga usase ghRNA karate haiN| vaise hI avinIta vyakti sadA apamAnita hotA hai| isa taraha vinaya ke dvArA Atma-saMyama tathA zIla-sadAcAra kI bhI pAvana preraNA dI gaI hai| vinaya kA tRtIya artha namratA aura sadvyavahAra hai| vinIta vyakti gurujanoM ke samakSa bahuta hI namra hokara rahatA hai| vaha unheM namaskAra karatA hai tathA aJjalibaddha hokara tathA kucha jhukakara khar3A rahatA hai| usake pratyeka vyavahAra meM vivekayukta namratA rahatI hai| vaha na guruoM ke Asana se bahuta dUra baiThatA hai, na saTakara baiThatA hai| vaha isa mudrA meM baiThatA hai jisameM ahaMkAra na jhlke| vaha guruoM kI AzAtanA nahIM krtaa| isa prakAra vaha namratApUrNa sadvyavahAra karatA hai|

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 161 AcArya nemicandra ke pravacanasAroddhAra grantha para AcArya siddhasenasUri ne eka vRtti likhI hai / usameM unhoMne likhA hai - kleza samutpanna karane vAle ATha karmazatruoM ko jo dUra karatA hai vaha vinaya hai- "vinayati klezakArakamaSTaprakAraM karma iti vinayaH / " - vinaya se aSTakarma naSTa hote haiM / cAra gati kA anta kara vaha sAdhaka mokSa ko prApta karatA hai / vinaya sadguNoM kA AdhAra hai| jo vinIta hotA hai usake cAroM ora sampatti ma~DarAtI hai aura avinIta ke cAroM ora vipatti | bhagavatI, 194 sthAnAMga, 195 aupapAtika 196 meM vinaya ke sAta prakAra batAe haiM- ( 1 ) jJAnavinaya, (2) darzanavinaya, (3) cAritravinaya, (4) manavinaya, (5) vacanavinaya, (6) kAyavinaya, tathA (7) lokopacAravinaya / jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi ko vinaya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki unake dvArA karmapudgaloM kA vinayana yAni vinAza hotA hai / vinaya kA artha yadi hama bhakti aura bahumAna kareM to jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi ke prati bhakti aura bahumAna pradarzita karanA hai / jisa samAja aura dharma meM jJAna aura jJAniyoM kA sammAna aura bahumAna hotA hai, vaha dharma aura samAja Age bar3hatA hai| jJAnI dharma aura samAja ke netra haiN| jJAnI ke prati vinIta hone se dharma aura samAja meM jJAna ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hatA hai / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki yahUdI jAti vidvAnoM kA bar3A sammAna karatI thI, unheM hara prakAra kI suvidhAe~ pradAna karatI thI, jisake phalasvarUpa AinsaTIna jaisA vizvavizruta vaijJAnika usa jAti meM paidA huA aneka mUrdhanya vaijJAnika aura lekhaka yahUdI jAti kI dena haiM / amerikA aura rUsa meM jo vijJAna kI abhUtapUrva pragati huI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa bhI vahA~ para vaijJAnikoM aura sAhityakAroM kA sammAna rahA hai| bhArata meM bhI rAjAgaNa jaba kaviyoM ko unakI kavitAoM para prasanna hokara lAkhoM rupayA puraskArasvarUpa de dete the taba kavigaNa jamakara ke sAhitya kI upAsanA karate the / gIrvANa girA kA jo sAhitya samRddha huA usakA mUla kAraNa vidvAnoM kA sammAna thA / jJAnavinaya ke pA~ca bheda aupapAtika meM pratipAdita haiN| darzanavinaya meM sAdhaka samyak dRSTi ke prati vizvAsa tathA AdarabhAva prakaTa karatA hai| isa vinaya ke do rUpa haiM - ( 1 ) zuzrUSAvinaya tathA (2) anAzAtanAvinaya / aupapAtika ke anusAra darzanavinaya ke bhI aneka bheda haiM / deva, guru, dharma Adi kA apamAna ho, isa prakAra kA vyavahAra nahIM karanA caahie| AzAtanA kA artha jJAna Adi sadguNoM kI Aya - prApti ke mArga ko avaruddha karanA hai / 197

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162 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana arhat, arhatprarUpita dharma, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sthavira, kula, gaNa, saMgha, kriyAvAdI, sama AcAra vAle zramaNa, matijJAna Adi pA~ca jJAna ke dhAraka, ina pandraha kI AzAtanA na karanA, bahumAna karanA Adi paiMtAlIsa anAzAtanAvinaya ke bheda pratipAdita haiM / sAmAyika Adi pA~ca cAritra aura cAritravAn ke prati vinaya karanA cAritravinaya hai / aprazasta pravRtti se mana ko dUra rakhakara mana se prazasta pravRtti karanA manovinaya hai| sAvadya vacana kI pravRtti na karanA aura vacana kI niravadya va prazasta pravRtti karanA vacanavinaya hai| kAyA kI pratyeka pravRtti meM jAgarUka rahanA, calanA, uThanA, baiThanA, sonA Adi sabhI pravRttiyA~ upayogapUrvaka karanA prazasta kAyavinaya hai / loka - vyavahAra kI kuzalatA jisa vinaya se sahaja rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai vaha lokopacAravinaya hai / usake sAta prakAra haiN| guru Adi ke sannikaTa rahanA, gurujanoM kI icchAnusAra kArya karanA, guru ke kArya meM sahayoga karanA, kRta upakAroM kA smaraNa karanA, unake prati kRtajJa bhAva rakhakara unake upakAra se uRNa hone kA prayAsa karanA, rugNa zramaNa ke lie auSadhi evaM pathya kI gaveSaNA karanA, deza evaM kAla ko pahacAnakara kAma karanA, kisI ke viruddha AcaraNa na karanA, isa prakAra vinaya vyApaka pRSThabhUmi hai, jisakA pratipAdana isa adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| yadi ziSya ananta jJAnI ho jAe to bhI guru ke prati usake antarmAnasa meM vahI zraddhA aura bhakti honI cAhie jo pUrva meM thii| jina jJAnavAn janoM se kiMcinmAtra bhI jJAna prApta kiyA hai unake prati satata vinIta rahanA cAhie / jaba ziSya meM vinaya ke saMskAra prabala hote haiM to vaha guruoM kA sahaja rUpa se sneha - pAtra bana jAtA hai / avinIta asaMvibhAgI hotA hai aura jo asaMvibhAgI hotA hai usakA mokSa nahIM hotA / 198 isa adhyayana meM cAra samAdhiyoM kA ullekha hai - vinayasamAdhi, zrutasamAdhi, tapasamAdhi aura AcArasamAdhi / AcArya haribhadra 199 ne samAdhi kA artha AtmA kA hita, sukha aura svAsthya kiyA hai / vinaya, zruta, tapa aura AcAra ke dvArA AtmA kA hita hotA hai, isalie vaha samAdhi hai / agastyasiMha sthavira ne samAropaNa tathA guNoM ke samAdhAna arthAt sthirIkaraNa yA sthApana ko samAdhi kahA hai| unake matAnusAra vinaya, zruta, tapa aura AcAra ke samAropaNa yA inake dvArA hone vAle guNoM ke samAdhAna ko vinayasamAdhi, zrutasamAdhi, tapasamAdhi tathA AcArasamAdhi kahA hai| 200 vinaya, zruta, tapa tathA AcAra; inakA kyA uddezya hai, isakI samyak jAnakArI prastuta adhyayana meM hai / yaha adhyayana nauveM pUrva kI tIsarI vastu se uddhRta hai | 201

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 163 * bhikSu : eka cintana dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma sabhikSu adhyayana hai| jo bhikSA kara apanA jIvana yApana karatA hai, vaha bhikSu kahalAtA hai| bhikSA bhikhArI bhI mA~gate haiM, ve dara-dara hAtha aura jholI pasAre hue dIna svara meM bhIkha mA~gate haiN| jo unheM bhikSA detA hai, unheM ve AzIrvAda pradAna karate haiM aura nahIM dene vAle ko kaTu vacana kahate haiM, zApa dete haiM tathA ruSTa hote haiN| bhikhArI kI bhikSA kevala peTa bharane ke lie hotI hai| usa bhikSA meM koI pavitra uddezya nahIM hotA aura na koI zAstrasammata vidhividhAna hI hotA hai| vaha bhikSA atyanta nimna stara kI hotI hai| isa prakAra kI bhikSA pauruSa bhikSA hai|202 vaha bhikSA puruSArtha kA nAza kara akarmaNya aura AlasI banAtI hai| aise puruSatvahIna mA~gakhora vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA dina-pratidina bar3ha rahI hai| ve mA~gakara khAte hI nahIM, jamA bhI karate haiM aura durvyasanoM meM usakA upayoga karate haiN| zramaNa adInabhAva se apanI zramaNa-maryAdA aura abhigraha ke anukUla jo bhikSA prApta hotI hai use prasannatA se grahaNa karatA hai| bhikSA meM rUkSa aura nIrasa padArtha milane para vaha ruSTa nahIM hotA aura uttama, svAdiSTa padArtha milane para tuSTa nahIM hotaa| bhikSA meM kucha bhI prApta nahIM ho to bhI vaha khinna nahIM hotA aura milane para harSita bhI nahIM hotaa| vaha donoM hI sthitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai| isalie zramaNa kI bhikSA sAmAnya bhikSA na hokara sarvasampatkarI bhikSA hai| sarvasampatkarI203 bhikSA dene vAle aura lene vAle donoM ke lie kalyANakArI hai| jisameM saMvega, nirveda, viveka, suzIlasaMsarga, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vinaya, zAMti, mArdava, Arjava, titikSA, ArAdhanA, Avazyaka zuddhi prabhRti sadguNoM kA sAmrAjya ho vaha bhikSu hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM bhikSu kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai-jo nirabhimAna, vinIta, pApamala ko dhone vAlA, dAnta, bandhanamukta hone yogya, nirmamatva, vividha prakAra ke parISahoM aura upasargoM se aparAjita, adhyAtmayogI, vizuddha, cAritra-sampanna, sAvadhAna, sthitAtmA, yazasvI, vivekazIla tathA paradattabhojI hai, vaha bhikSu hai|204 jo karmoM kA bhedana karatA hai vaha bhikSu kahalAtA hai| bhikSu ke bhI dravya-bhikSu aura bhAva-bhikSu ye do prakAra haiN| dravya-bhikSu mA~gakara khAne ke sAtha hI trasa, sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai; sacittabhojI hai; svayaM pakAkara khAtA hai; sabhI prakAra kI sAvadha pravRtti karatA hai; saMcaya karake rakhatA hai; parigrahI

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* 164 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana hai| bhAva-bhikSu vaha hai jo pUrNa rUpa se ahiMsaka hai; sacittatyAgI hai, tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se sAvadha pravRtti kA parityAgI hai; Agama meM varNita bhikSu ke jitane bhI sadguNa haiM, unheM dhAraNa karatA hai| bhikSu kI gaurava-garimA atItakAla se calI AI hai| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika-tInoM hI paramparAoM meM bhikSu zIrSastha sthAna para AsIna rahA hai| vaidika paramparA meM saMnyAsI pUjya rahA hai, use do hAthoM vAlA sAkSAt paramezvara mAnA hai-"dvibhujaH prmeshvrH|" bauddha paramparA meM bhI bhikSu kA mahattva kama nahIM rahA hai, bhikSu dharma-saMgha kA adhinAyaka rahA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI bhikSu ko parama pUjya sthAna prApta hai| bhikSu kA jIvana sadguNoM kA puJja hotA hai| vaha samAja, rASTra ke lie prakAza-stambha kI taraha upayogI hotA hai| vaha sva-kalyANa ke sAtha hI para-kalyANa meM lagA rahatA hai| dhammapada meM bhikSu ke aneka lakSaNa batAe gaye haiM, jo prastuta adhyayana meM batAe gae lakSaNoM se milate-julate haiN| vizva meM aneka mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne bhikSu kI vibhinna paribhASAe~ kI haiN| sabhI paribhASAoM kA sAra saMkSepa meM yaha hai ki bhikSu kA jIvana sAmAnya mAnava ke jIvana se alaga-thalaga hotA hai| vaha vikAra aura vAsanAoM se evaM rAga-dveSa se Upara uThA huA hotA hai| usake jIvana meM hajAroM sadguNa hote haiN| vaha sadguNoM se jana-jana ke mana ko AkarSita karatA hai| vaha svayaM tiratA hai aura dUsaroM ko tArane kA prayAsa karatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra svayaM bhikSu the| jaba koI aparicita vyakti unase pUchatA ki Apa kauna haiM to saMkSepa meM ve yahI kahate ki maiM bhikSu huuN| bhikSu ke zramaNa, nirgrantha, muni, sAdhu Adi paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| bhikSucaryA kI dRSTi se isa adhyayana kA bahuta hI mahattva hai| zramaNa-jIvana kI mahimA usake tyAga aura vairAgyayukta jIvana meM rahI huI hai| rati : vizleSaNa __ dazavaikAlika ke dasa adhyayanoM ke pazcAt do cUlikAe~ haiN| cUlikAoM ke sambandha meM hama pUrva pRSThoM meM likha cuke haiN| prathama cUlikA 'rativAkyA' ke nAma se vizruta hai| rati mohanIyakarma kI aTThAIsa prakRtiyoM meM se eka prakRti hai, jo nokaSAya ke antargata hai| jaina manISiyoM ne 'no' zabda ko sAhacarya ke artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ye pradhAna kaSAya haiN| pradhAna kaSAyoM ke sahacArI bhAva athavA unakI sahayogI manovRttiyA~ nokaSAya kahalAtI haiN|205 pAzcAtya vicAraka phrAyaDa ne kAmavAsanA ko pramukha mUla vRtti mAnI hai aura bhaya

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 165 Adi ko pramukha Avega mAnA hai| jainadarzana kI dRSTi se kAmabhAvanA sahakArI kaSAya hai yA upa-Avega hai, jo kaSAya kI apekSA kama tIvra hai| jina manobhAvoM ke kAraNa kaSAya utpanna hote haiM, ve nokaSAya haiM / inheM upa-kaSAya bhI kahate haiM / ye bhI vyakti ke jIvana ko bahuta prabhAvita karate haiN| nokaSAya vyakti ke Antarika guNoM ko utanA pratyakSataH prabhAvita nahIM karate jitanA zArIrika aura mAnasika sthiti ko karate haiN| jabaki kaSAya zArIrika aura mAnasika sthiti ko prabhAvita karane ke sAtha hI samyak dRSTikoNa ko, Atma-niyaMtraNa Adi ko prabhAvita karate haiM, jisase sAdhaka na to samyaktva ko prApta kara sakatA hai aura na AcAra ko / rati kA artha hai abhISTa padArthoM para prItibhAva yA indriyaviSayoM meM citta kI abhiratatA / rati ke kAraNa hI Asakti aura lobha kI bhAvanAe~ prabala hotI haiM / 206 asaMyama meM sahaja AkarSaNa hotA hai para tyAga aura saMyama meM sahaja AkarSaNa nahIM hotA / indriya-vAsanAoM kI paritRpti meM jo sukhAnubhUti pratIta hotI hai vaha sukhAnubhUti indriya-viSayoM ke virodha meM nahIM hotI / isakA mUla kAraNa haicAritramohanIya karma kI prabalatA / jaba moha ke paramANu sakriya hote haiM taba bhoga meM Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai / jisa vyakti ko sarpa kA jahara car3hatA hai, use nIma ke patte bhI madhura lagate haiN| jinameM moha ke jahara kI prabalatA hai, unheM bhoga priya lagate haiN| jinameM cAritramoha kI alpatA hai, jo nirmohI haiM, unheM bhoga priya nahIM lagate aura na ve sukhakara hI pratIta hote haiM / bhoga meM sukha Adi kI anubhUti kA AdhAra cAritramohanIya karma hai| moha eka bhayaMkara roga ke sadRza hai, jo eka bAra ke upacAra se nahIM miTatA / usake lie satata upacAra aura sAvadhAnI kI AvazyakatA hai| jarA-sI asAvadhAnI roga ko ubhAra detI hai| moha kA ubhAra na ho aura sAdhaka moha se vicalita na ho, isa dRSTi se prastuta cUlikA adhyayana kA nirmANa huA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne likhA hai ki isa cUlikA meM jo aThAraha sthAna pratipAdita haiM, ve usI prakAra haiM, jaise ghor3e ke lie lagAma, hAthI ke lie aMkuza, naukA ke lie patAkA hai / isa adhyayana ke vAkya sAdhaka ke antarmAnasa meM saMyama ke prati rati samutpanna karate haiM, jisake kAraNa isa adhyayana kA nAma 'rativAkyA' rakhA gayA hai | 207 isa adhyayana meM sAdhaka ko sAdhanA meM sthira karane hetu aThAraha sUtra die haiN| sUtra sAdhaka ko sAdhanA meM sthira kara sakate haiN| gRhasthAzrama meM vividha prakAra

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*166 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana kI kaThinAiyA~ haiM, una kaThinAiyoM ko pAra karanA sahaja nahIM hai| mAnava kAmabhogoM meM Asakta hotA hai aura socatA hai ki inameM saccA sukha rahA huA hai, para ve kAmabhoga alpakAlIna aura sArarahita haiN| usa kSaNika sukha ke pIche duHkha kI kAlI nizA rahI huI hai| saMyama ke virAT Ananda ko chor3akara yadi koI sAdhaka punaH gRhasthAzrama ko prApta karane kI icchA karatA hai to vaha vamana kara punaH use cATane ke sadRza hai| saMyamI jIvana kA Ananda svarga ke raMgIna sukhoM kI taraha hai, jabaki asaMyamI jIvana kA kaSTa naraka kI dAruNa vedanA kI taraha hai| gRhasthAzrama meM aneka kleza haiM, jabaki zramaNa-jIvana klezarahita hai| isa prakAra isa adhyayana meM vividha dRSTiyoM se saMyamI jIvana kA mahattva pratipAdita hai| vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM gRhasthAzrama ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| ApastaMbha dharmasUtra meM gRhasthAzrama ko sarvazreSTha Azrama kahA hai| manusmRti meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki agnihotra Adi anuSThAna karane vAlA gRhastha hI sarvazreSTha hai|208 vahI tIna AzramoM kA pAlana karatA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI gRhI ke Azrama ko jyeSTha kahA hai|209 kintu zramaNa-saMskRti meM zramaNa kA mahattva hai| vahA~ para Azrama-vyavasthA ke sambandha meM koI cintana nahIM hai| yadi koI sAdhaka gRhasthAzrama meM rahatA bhI hai to usake antarmAnasa meM yaha vicAra sadA rahate haiM ki kaba maiM zramaNa baneM; vaha dina kaba AyegA, jaba maiM zramaNadharma ko svIkAra kara apane jIvana ko pAvana bnaauuNgaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM chadmavezadhArI indra aura nami rAjarSi kA madhura saMvAda hai| indra ne rAjarSi se kahA-"Apa yajJa kareM, zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyeM, udAra mana se dAna deM aura usake pazcAt zramaNa bneN|" pratyuttara meM rAjarSi ne kahA-"jo mAnava prati mAsa dasa lAkha gAyeM dAna meM detA hai, usake lie bhI saMyama zreSTha hai arthAt dasa lAkha gAyoM ke dAna se bhI zramaNadharma kA pAlana karanA adhika zreSTha hai|" usI zramaNa-jIvana kI mahattA kA yahA~ citraNa hai| isalie gRhavAsa bandhanasvarUpa hai aura saMyama mokSa kA paryAya batAyA hai|210 jo sAdhaka dRr3ha-pratijJa hogA vaha deha kA parityAga kara degA kintu dharma kA parityAga nahIM kregaa| mahAvAyu kA tIvra prabhAva bhI kyA sumeru parvata ko vicalita kara sakatA hai ? nahIM ! vaise hI sAdhaka bhI vicalita nahIM hotaa| vaha tIna guptiyoM se gupta hokara jinavANI kA Azraya grahaNa karatA hai| gupti : eka vivecana ___ jaina paramparA meM tIna guptiyoM kA vidhAna hai| gupti zabda gopana artha meM prayukta huA hai, jisakA tAtparya hai-khIMca lenA, dUra kara lenA, mana-vacana-kAyA ko

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 167 * azubha pravRttiyoM se haTA lenaa| gupti zabda kA dUsarA artha Dhakane vAlA yA rakSAkavaca hai| arthAt AtmA kI azubha pravRttiyoM se rakSA karanA gupti hai| guptiyA~ tIna haiM-manogupti, vacanagupti aura kaaygupti| mana ko aprazasta, kutsita aura azubha vicAroM se dUra rakhanA; saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha kI hiMsaka pravRttiyoM meM jAte hue mana ko rokanA manogupti hai|211 asatya, karkaza, ahitakArI evaM hiMsAkArI bhASA kA prayoga nahIM karanA; strIkathA, rAjakathA, corakathA, bhojanakathA Adi vacana kI azubha pravRtti aura asatya vacana kA parihAra karanA vacanagupti hai|212 uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra zramaNa azubha pravRttiyoM meM jAte hue vacana kA nirodha kre|213 zramaNa uThane, baiThane, leTane, nAlI Adi lA~ghane tathA pA~coM indriyoM kI pravRtti meM niyamana kare / 214 dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAe to bandhana, chedana, mAraNa, AkuMcana, prasAraNa prabhRti zArIrika kriyAoM se nivRtti kAyagupti hai|215 jaina paramparA kI taraha bauddha paramparA ke suttanipAta grantha meM bhI gupti zabda kA prayoga huA hai|216 tathAgata buddha ne bauddha bhikSuoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve mana, vacana aura zarIra kI kriyAoM kA niyamana kreN| tathAgata buddha ne aMguttaranikAya meM tIna zuci bhAvoM kA varNana kiyA hai-zarIra kI zucitA, vANI kI zucitA aura mana kI shucitaa| unhoMne kahA-bhikSuo ! jo vyakti prANI-hiMsA se virata rahatA hai; taskara kRtya se virata rahatA hai; kAmabhoga sambandhI mithyAcAra se virata rahatA hai, vaha zarIra kI zucitA hai| bhikSuo ! jo vyakti asatya bhASaNa se virata rahatA hai; cugalI karane se virata rahatA hai; vyartha vArtAlApa se virata rahatA hai, vaha vANI kI zucitA hai| bhikSuo ! jo vyakti nirlobha hotA hai; akrodhI hotA hai; samyak dRSTi hotA hai, vaha mana kI zucitA hai|217 isa taraha tathAgata buddha ne zramaNa sAdhakoM ke lie mana, vacana aura zarIra kI aprazasta pravRttiyoM ko rokane kA sandeza diyA hai|218 isI prakAra gupti ke hI artha meM vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM tridaNDI zabda vyavahRta huA hai| dakSasmRti meM datta ne kahA-kevala bA~sa kI daNDI dhAraNa karane se koI saMnyAsI yA tridaNDI parivrAjaka nahIM ho jaataa| tridaNDI parivrAjaka vahI hai jo apane pAsa AdhyAtmika daNDa rakhatA ho|219 AdhyAtmika daNDa se yahA~ tAtparya mana, vacana aura zarIra kI kriyAoM kA niyaMtraNa hai| cAhe zramaNa ho, cAhe saMnyAsI ho, unake lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki ve mana, vacana, kAyA kI aprazasta pravRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa kreN| bauddha aura vaidika paramparA kI apekSA jaina paramparA ne isa para adhika bala diyA hai, jaina zramaNoM

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168 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ke lie mahAvrata kA jahA~ mUlaguNa ke rUpa meM vidhAna hai vahA~ samiti aura gupta kA uttaraguNa ke rUpa meM vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jinakA pAlana jaina zramaNa ke lie anivArya mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra moha-mAyA se mukta hokara zramaNa ko adhika se adhika sAdhanA meM susthira hone kI prabala preraNA isa cUlikA dvArA dI gaI hai| " caija dehaM na hu dhammasAsaNaM / " - zarIra kA parityAga kara de kintu dharmazAsana ko na chor3e - yaha hai isa cUlikA kA saMkSepa sAra / dvitIya cUlikA kA nAma 'viviktacaryA' hai| isameM zramaNa kI caryA, guNoM aura niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isameM andhAnusaraNa kA virodha kiyA gayA hai / Adhunika yuga meM pratyeka prazna bahumata ke AdhAra para nirNIta hote haiM, para bahumata kA nirNaya sahI hI ho, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / bahumata prAyaH mUrkhoM kA hotA hai, saMsAra meM samyak dRSTi kI apekSA mithyAtviyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai; jJAniyoM kI apekSA ajJAnI adhika haiM; tyAgiyoM kI apekSA bhogiyoM kA prAdhAnya hai; isalie sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bahumata aura alpamata kA prazna mahattva kA nahIM hai / vahA~ mahattva hai satya kI anveSaNA aura upalabdhi kA / usa satya kI upalabdhi ke sAdhana haiM-caryA, guNa aura niyama / zramaNa AcAra meM parAkrama kare, vaha gRhavAsa kA parityAga kare / sadA eka sthAna para na rahe aura na aise sthAna para rahe jahA~ rahane se usakI sAdhanA meM bAdhA upasthita hotI ho| vaha ekAnta sthAna jahA~ strI, puruSa, napuMsaka, pazu Adi na hoM, vahA~ para rahakara sAdhanA kare / caryA kA artha mUla va uttaraguNa rUpa cAritra hai aura guNa kA artha hai - cAritra kI rakSA ke lie bhavya bhAvanAe~ / niyama kA artha hai - pratimA Adi abhigraha; bhikSu kI bAraha pratimAe~ niyama ke antargata hI haiM; svAdhyAya, kAyotsarga Adi bhI niyama haiN| jo inakA acchI taraha se pAlana karatA hai vaha pratibuddha jIvI kahalAtA hai| vaha anusrotagAmI nahIM kintu pratisrotagAmI hotA hai / anutrota meM murde bahA karate haiM to pratisrota meM jIvita vyakti tairA karate haiM / sAdhaka indriya aura mana ke viSayoM ke pravAha meM nahIM bahatA / zramaNa madya aura mA~sa kA abhojI hotA hai / mA~sa bauddha bhikSu grahaNa karate the para jaina zramaNoM ke lie usakA pUrNa rUpa se niSedha kiyA gayA hai| mA~sa aura madirA kA upayoga karane vAle ko narakagAmI batAyA hai| sAtha hI zramaNoM ke lie dUdha, dahI Adi vikRtiyA~ pratidina khAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 169 * kAyotsarga : eka cintana zramaNa ke lie punaH-punaH kAyotsarga karane kA vidhAna hai| kAyotsarga meM zarIra ke prati mamatva kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| sAdhaka ekAnta-zAnta sthAna meM zarIra se nispRha hokara khambhe kI taraha sIdhA khar3A ho jAtA hai, zarIra ko na akar3akara rakhatA hai aura na jhukAkara hii| donoM bA~hoM ko ghuTanoM kI ora lambA karake prazasta dhyAna meM nimagna ho jAtA hai| cAhe upasarga aura parISaha AyeM, unako vaha zAntabhAva se sahana karatA hai| sAdhaka usa samaya na saMsAra ke bAhya padArthoM meM rahatA hai, na zarIra meM rahatA hai, vaha saba ora se simaTakara Atma-svarUpa meM lIna ho jAtA hai| kAyotsarga antarmukha hone kI eka pavitra sAdhanA hai| vaha usa samaya rAga-dveSa se Upara uThakara niHsaMga aura anAsakta hokara zarIra kI moha-mAyA kA parityAga karatA hai| kAyotsarga kA uddezya hai zarIra ke mamatva ko kama krnaa| kAyotsarga meM sAdhaka yaha cintana karatA haiyaha zarIra anya hai tathA maiM anya hU~; maiM ajara-amara caitanya rUpa hU~; maiM avinAzI hU~; yaha zarIra kSaNa-bhaMgura hai; isa miTTI ke piNDa meM Asakta banakara maiM karttavya se parAGmukha kyoM banU~? zarIra merA vAhana hai; maiM isa vAhana para savAra hokara jIvana-yAtrA kA lambA patha taya kruuN| yadi yaha zarIra mujha para savAra ho jAyegA to kitanI abhadra bAta hogI ! isa prakAra kAyotsarga meM zarIra ke mamatva-tyAga kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kahA haicAhe koI bhaktibhAva se candana lagAe, cAhe koI dveSavaza basUle se chIle; cAhe jIvana rahe, cAhe isI kSaNa mRtyu A jAye, parantu jo sAdhaka deha meM Asakti nahIM rakhatA hai, sabhI sthitiyoM meM samacetanA rakhatA hai, vastutaH usI kA kAyotsarga siddha hotA hai|220 kAyotsarga ke dravya aura bhAva ye do prakAra haiN| dravya-kAyotsarga kA artha haizarIra kI ceSTAoM kA nirodha karake eka sthAna para nizcala aura nispaMda jina-mudrA meM khar3e rahanA aura bhAva-kAyotsarga hai-Arta aura raudra duAnoM kA parityAga kara dharma aura zukladhyAna meM ramaNa karanA; AtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa kI ora gamana krnaa|221 isI bhAva-kAyotsarga para bala dete hue zAstrakAra ne kahA-kAyotsarga sabhI duHkhoM kA kSaya karane vAlA hai|222 bhAva ke sAtha dravya kA kAyotsarga bhI Avazyaka hai| dravya aura bhAva kAyotsarga ke svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie kAyotsarga ke prakArAntara se cAra rUpa batAe haiM

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170 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana (1) utthita - utthita - jaba kAyotsarga ke lie sAdhaka khar3A hotA hai, taba dravya ke sAtha bhAva se bhI khar3A hotA hai| isa kAyotsarga meM prasupta AtmA jAgRta hokara karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie khar3A ho jAtA hai| yaha utkRSTa kAyotsarga hai / (2) utthita - niviSTa - jo sAdhaka ayogya hai, vaha zarIra se to kAyotsarga ke lie khar3A ho jAtA hai para bhAvoM meM vizuddhi na hone se usakI AtmA baiThI rahatI hai| (3) upaviSTa - utthita - jo sAdhaka rugNa hai, tapasvI hai yA vRddha hai, vaha zArIrika asuvidhA ke kAraNa khar3A nahIM ho pAtA, vaha baiThakara hI dharmadhyAna meM lIna hotA hai| vaha zarIra se baiThA hai kintu AtmA se khar3A hai| (4) upaviSTa - niviSTa - jo AlasI sAdhaka kAyotsarga karane ke lie khar3A na hokara baiThA rahatA hai aura kAyotsarga meM usake antarmAnasa meM Artta aura raudradhyAna calatA rahatA hai, vaha tana se bhI baiThA huA aura bhAvanA se bhI / yaha kAyotsarga na hokara kAyotsarga kA dikhAvA hai| cUlikA ke anta meM sAdhaka ko yaha upadeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha Atma-rakSA kA satata dhyAna rkhe| AtmA kI rakSA ke lie deha kA rakSaNa Avazyaka hai| vaha deha-rakSaNa saMyama hai| AtmA ke sadguNoM kA hanana kara jo deha-rakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha sAdhaka ko iSTa nahIM hotA, ataH satata Atma-rakSA kI preraNA dI gaI hai / dazavaikAlika meM prArambha se lekara anta taka yahI zikSA vividha prakAra se vyakta kI gaI hai| bahirmukhI se antarmukhI honA hI Atma-rakSA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina, bauddha aura vaidika ina tInoM dhArAoM kA adbhuta sammizraNa hai| ye tInoM dhArAe~ bhArata kI puNya - dharA para panapI haiN| ina tInoM dhArAoM meM paraspara aneka bAtoM meM samAnatA rahI hai to aneka bAtoM meM bhinnatA bhI rahI hai| tInoM dhArAoM ke viziSTa sAdhakoM kI aneka anubhUtiyA~ samAna thIM to aneka anubhUtiyA~ paraspara viruddha bhI thIM / kitanI hI anubhUtiyoM kA paraspara vinimaya bhI huA hai| eka hI dharatI se janma lene ke kAraNa tathA paraspara sAtha rahane ke kAraNa eka ke cintana kA dUsare para prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika thA, kintu yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kauna-sA samudAya kisakA kitanA RNI hai ? satya kI jo sahaja anubhUti hai usane jo abhivyakti kA rUpa grahaNa

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 171 kiyA, vaha prAyaH kabhI zabdoM meM aura kabhI artha meM eka sadRza rahA hai| usI ko hama yahA~ tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI abhidhA pradAna kara rahe haiN| isakA yaha abhiprAya kadApi nahIM ki eka-dUsare ne vicAra aura zabdoM ko eka-dUsare se curAyA hai| 'sau sayAnA eka matA' ke anusAra sau samajhadAroM kA eka hI mata hotA hai - satya ko vyakta karane meM samAna bhAva aura bhASA kA honA svAbhAvika hai| dazavaikAlika ke prathama adhyayana kI prathama gAthA hai "dhammo maMgalamukiTTaM, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / devA vitaM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sayA maNo // " - dazavaikAlika 1/1 dharma utkRSTa maMgala hai, ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa dharma ke lakSaNa haiM, jisakA mana sadA dharma meM ramA rahatA hai, use deva bhI namaskAra karate haiN| tulanA kIjie "yamhi saccaM ca dhammo ca, ahiMsA saMyamo dmo| save vantamala dhIro, so thero ti pavuccati // " - dhammapada (dhammaTThavaggo 19 / 6) jisameM satya, dharma, ahiMsA, saMyama aura dama hai, vaha malarahita dhIra bhikSu sthavira kahalAtA hai / dazavaikAlika ke prathama adhyayana kI dUsarI gAthA kI tulanA dhammapada (pupphavaggI 4 / 6 ) se kI jA sakatI hai "jahA dumassa puSphesu, bhamaro Aviyai rasaM / na ya puSpaM kilAmei, so ya pINei appayaM // " -dazavaikAlika 1/2 jisa prakAra bhramaradruma- puSpoM se thor3A-thor3A rasa pItA hai, kisI bhI puSpa ko pIr3A utpanna nahIM karatA aura apane ko bhI tRpta kara letA hai| tulanA kIjie "yathApi bhamaro puSpaM, vaNNagandhaM ahevyaM / paleti rasamAdAya, evaM gAme munI care // " - dhammapada (pupphavaggo 4 / 6) jaise phUla yA phUla lekara cala detA hai, usI prakAra muni gA~va meM vicaraNa kare | ke varNa yA gandha ko binA hAni pahu~cAe bhramara rasa ko

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* 172 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana madhukara vRtti kI abhivyakti mahAbhArata meM bhI isa prakAra huI hai "yathA madhu samAdatte, rakSan puSpANi ssttpdH| tadvadarthAn manuSyebhya, aaddyaadvihiNsyaa||" -mahAbhArata 34/17 jaise bhauMrA phUloM kI rakSA karatA huA hI unakA madhu grahaNa karatA hai, usI prakAra rAjA bhI prajAjanoM ko kaSTa die binA hI kara ke rUpa meM unase dhana grahaNa kre| dazavaikAlika ke dvitIya adhyayana kI prathama gAthA hai "kahaM nu kuJA sAmaNNaM, jo kAme na nivaare| pae pae visIyaMto, saMkappassa vasaM go||" -dazavaikAlika 2/1 vaha kaise zrAmaNya kA pAlana karegA jo kAma (viSaya-rAga) kA nivAraNa nahIM karatA, jo saMkalpa ke vazIbhUta hokara paga-paga para viSAdagrasta hotA hai| isI prakAra ke bhAva bauddha paramparA ke grantha saMyuttanikAya ke nimna zloka meM parilakSita hote haiM "dukkaraM duttitikkhadha, avyattena hi saamnyj| bahUhi tattha sambAdhA, yattha bAlo visiidtiiti|| katihaM careyya sAmaJja, cittaM ce na nivaare| pade pade visIdeyya, saMkappAnaM vsaanugo||" -saMyuttanikAya 1/17 kitane dinoM taka vaha zramaNa bhAva ko pAlana kara sakegA, yadi usakA citta vaza meM nahIM ho to, jo icchAoM ke AdhIna rahatA hai vaha kadama-kadama para phisala jAtA hai| dazavaikAlika ke dvitIya adhyayana kA sAtavA~ zloka isa prakAra hai "dhiratthu te jasokAmI, jo taM jiiviykaarnnaa| vantaM icchasi AveuM, seyaM te maraNaM bhve||" -dazavakAlika 2/7 he yazaHkAmin ! dhikkAra hai tujhe ! jo tU kSaNa-bhaMgura jIvana ke lie vamI huI vastu ko pIne kI icchA karatA hai| isase to terA maranA zreya hai|

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *173 * tulanA kIjie "dhiratthu taM visaM vantaM, yamahaM jiivitkaarnnaa| vantaM paJcAvamissAmi, matamme jIvitA vrN||" -visavanta jAtaka 69, prathama khaNDa, pRSTha 404 dhikkAra hai usa jIvana ko, jisa jIvana kI rakSA ke lie eka bAra ugalakara maiM phira nigluuN| aise jIvana se maranA acchA hai| dazavaikAlika ke tIsare adhyayana kI dUsarI aura tIsarI gAthA nimnAnusAra "uddesiyaM kIyagaDaM, niyAgamabhihaDANi y| rAibhatte siNANe ya, gaMdhamalle ya viiynne|| sannihI gihimatte ya, rAyapiMDe kimicche| saMbAhaNA daMtapahoyaNA ya, saMpucchaNA dehapaloyaNA y||" -dazavaikAlika 3/2-3 nirgrantha ke nimitta banAyA gayA, kharIdA gayA, AdarapUrvaka nimantrita kara diyA jAne vAlA, nirgrantha ke nimitta dUra se sammukha lAyA huA bhojana, rAtri-bhojana, snAna, gaMdha dravya kA vilepana, mAlA pahananA, paMkhA jhalanA, khAdya vastu kA saMgraha karanA, rAta vAsI rakhanA, gRhastha ke pAtra meM bhojana karanA, mUrdhAbhiSikta rAjA ke ghara se bhikSA grahaNa karanA, aMgamardana karanA, dA~ta pakhAranA, gRhastha kI kuzala pUchanA, darpaNa nihAranA ye kArya nirgrantha zramaNa ke lie varNya haiN| __uparokta gAthA kI tulanA zrImadbhAgavata ke ekAdaza skandha ke adhyAya 18 ke zloka 3 se kara sakate haiM "keza-roma-nakha-zmazru-malAni bibhRyaadtH| na dhAvedapsu majeta trikAlaM sthnnddileshyH||" -gItA 11/18/3 keza, roe~, nakha aura mUMcha-dAr3hI rUpa zarIra ke mala ko haTAve nhiiN| dAtuna na kre| jala meM ghusakara trikAla snAna na kare aura dharatI para hI par3A rhe| yaha vidhAna vAnaprasthoM ke lie hai| isI prakAra dazavaikAlika ke tIsare adhyayana kI navam gAthA kI tulanA bhAgavata ke sAtaveM skandha ke bArahaveM adhyAya ke bArahaveM zloka se kIjie For Private & Personal use only .

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* 174 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana "dhUvaNeti vamaNe ya, vatthIkamma vireynne| aMjaNe daMtavaNe ya, gAyabbhaMga vibhuusraanne||" -dazavaikAlika 3/9 dhUmrapAna kI nalikA rakhanA, roga kI saMbhAvanA se bacane ke lie, rUpa-bala Adi ko banAe rakhane ke lie vamana karanA, vastikarma (apAna mArga se tela Adi car3hAnA), virecana karanA, A~khoM meM aMjana A~janA, dA~toM ko datauna se ghisanA, zarIra meM tela Adi kI mAliza, zarIra ko AbhUSaNAdi se alaMkRta karanA Adi zramaNa ke lie varNya haiN| "aanAbhyAnonmardastryavalekhAmiSaM mdhu|| sraggandhalepAlaMkArAMstyajeyurye dhRtvrtaaH||" -gItA 7/12/12 jo brahmacarya kA vrata dhAraNa kareM, unheM cAhiye ki ve suramA yA tela na lgaaveN| ubaTana na mleN| striyoM ke citra na bnaaveN| mA~sa aura madya se koI sambandha na rkkheN| phUloM ke hAra, itra-phulela, candana aura AbhUSaNoM kA tyAga kara deN| yaha vidhAna brahmacArI ke lie hai| dazavaikAlika ke tIsare adhyayana kI bArahavIM gAthA aura manusmRti ke chaThe adhyayana ke tevIsaveM zloka kI samAnatA dekhie "AyAvayaMti gimhesu, hemaMtesu avaauddaa| vAsAsu paDisaMlINA, saMjayA susmaahiyaa||" -dazavaikAlika 3/12 susamAhita nirgrantha grISma meM sUrya kI AtApanA lete haiM, hemanta meM khule badana rahate haiM aura varSA meM pratisaMlIna hote haiM-eka sthAna meM rahate haiN| "grISma pacatApAstu, syaadvrssaasvbhaavkaashikH| ArdravAsAstu hemante, kramazo vrdhyNstpH||" -manusmRti, adhyayana 6, zloka 23 grISma meM paMcAgni se tape, varSA meM khule maidAna meM rahe aura hemanta meM bhIge vastra pahanakara kramazaH tapasyA kI vRddhi kre| yaha vidhAna vAnaprasthAzrama ko dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhaka ke lie hai| dazavaikAlika ke caturtha adhyayana kI sAtavIM gAthA hai

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 175 * "kahaM care kahaM ciTTe, kahamAse kahaM se| kahaM bhuMjato bhAsaMto, pAvakammaM na bNdhii||" -dazavaikAlika 4/7 kaise cale ? kaise khar3A ho? kaise baiThe ? kaise soe ? kaise khAe ? kaise bole? jisase pApakarma kA bandha na ho| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM sthitaprajJa ke viSaya meM pUchA gayA hai| uparokta gAthA kI isa zloka se tulanA kIjie "sthitaprajJasya kA bhASA, samAdhisthasya kezava ! sthitadhIH kiM prabhASeta, kimAsIta brajeta kim||" __-zrImadbhagavadgItA, adhyAya 2, zloka 54 he kezava ! samAdhi meM sthita sthitaprajJa ke kyA lakSaNa haiM ? aura sthira buddhi puruSa kaise bolatA hai ? kaise baiThatA hai? kaise calatA hai ? dazavaikAlika ke caturtha adhyayana kI AThavIM gAthA hai "jayaM care jayaM cir3he, jayamAse jayaM se| jayaM bhuMjanto bhAsaMto, pAvakammaM na bNdhii||" -dazavaikAlika 4/8 jo yatanA se calatA hai, yatanA se ThaharatA hai aura yatanA se sotA hai, yatanA se bhojana karatA hai, yatanA se bhASaNa karatA hai, vaha pApakarma kA baMdhana nahIM krtaa| itivRttaka meM bhI yahI svara pratidhvanita huA hai "yataM care yataM titu, yataM acche yataM sye| yataM sammiaye bhikkhU, yatamenaM psaare||" -itivuttaka 12 dazavaikAlika ke caturtha adhyayana kI nauvIM gAthA isa prakAra hai "savvabhUyappabhUyassa, samma bhuyAI paaso| pihiyAsavassa daMtassa, pAvakammaM na bNdhii||" -dazavaikAlika 4/9 jo saba jIvoM ko Atmavat mAnatA hai, jo saba jIvoM ko samyak dRSTi se dekhatA hai, jo Asrava kA nirodha kara cukA hai aura jo dAnta hai, use pApakarma kA bandhana nahIM hotaa| isa gAthA kI tulanA gItA ke nimna zloka se kI jA sakatI hai

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* 176 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana "yogayukto vizuddhAtmA, vijitAtmA jitendriyaH / sarvabhUtAtmabhUtAtmA, kurvannapi na lipyate // " - gItA, adhyAya 5, zloka 7 yoga se sampanna jitendriya aura vizuddha antaHkaraNa vAlA evaM sampUrNa prANiyoM ko AtmA ke samAna anubhava karane vAlA niSkAma karmayogI karma karatA huA bhI lipta nahIM hotA / dazavaikAlika ke caturtha adhyayana kI dasavIM gAthA hai "paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA, evaM ciTThai savvasaMjae / annANI kiM kAhI kiMvA, vA nAhii cheya - pAvagaM // " pahale jJAna phira dayA - isa prakAra saba muni sthita hote haiN| ajJAnI kyA 'karegA? vaha kaise jAnegA ki kyA zreya hai aura kyA pApa hai ? isI prakAra ke bhAva zrImadbhagavadgItA ke caturtha adhyayana ke ar3atIsaveM zloka meM Ae haiM " na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate / tatsamayaM yogasaMsiddhaH, kAlenAtmani vindati // " - dazavaikAlika 4/10 - gItA 4 / 38 isa saMsAra meM jJAna ke samAna pavitra karane vAlA niHsaMdeha kucha bhI nahIM hai / usa jJAna ko kitaneka kAla se apane Apa samatva buddhirUpa yoga ke dvArA acchI prakAra zuddhAntaHkaraNa huA puruSa AtmA meM anubhava karatA hai| dazavaikAlika ke pA~caveM adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka kI cauthI gAthA hai "kAleNa nikkhame bhikkhU, kAleNa ya paDikkame / akAlaM ca vivajjettA, kAle kAlaM samAyare // " bhikSu samaya para bhikSA ke lie nikale aura samaya para lauTa aae| akAla ko varjakara jo kArya jisa samaya karane kA ho, use usI samaya kare / isa gAthA kI nimna se tulanA kareM "kAle nikkhamaNA sAdhu, akAle nahi nikkhamma, - dazavaikAlika 5/2/4 nikkhmo| nAkAle sAdhu ekakaMpi bahUjano // " - kauzika jAtaka 226

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 177 sAdhu kAla se nikale, binA kAla ke nahIM nikale / akAla meM to nikalanA hI nahIM cAhiye, cAhe akelA ho yA bahutoM ke sAtha ho / dazavaikAlika ke chaTThe adhyayana kI dasavIM gAthA hai "savve jIvA vi icchanti, jIviDaM na marijjiuM / tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM, niggaMthA vajjayaMti NaM // " - dazavaikAlika 6/10 sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI bhI nahIM cAhatA, isalie prANivadha ghora pApa kA kAraNa hai ataH nirgrantha usakA parihAra karate haiM 1 yahI svara saMyuttanikAya meM isa rUpa meM jhaMkRta huA hai "sabbA disA anuparigamma cetasA, nevajjhagA piyataramattanA kvaci / evaM piyo puthu aMttA paresaM, tasmA na hiMse paramattakAmo // " - saMyuttanikAya 1/3/8 dazavaikAlika ke AThaveM adhyayana kI ar3atIsavIM gAthA meM krodha ko zAnta karane kA upAya batAte hue kahA hai "uvasameNa haNe kohaM / " - dazavaikAlika 8/38 - upazama se krodha kA hanana kro| tulanA kIjie 'dhammapada' krodha varga ke tIsare pada se"akkodhena jine kodhaM / " - akrodha se krodha ko jIto / dazavaikAlika ke nauveM adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka kI prathama gAthA meM batAyA hai ki jo ziSya kaSAya va pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara guru ke sannikaTa zikSA grahaNa nahIM karatA, usakA avinaya usake lie ghAtaka hotA hai -dhammapada, krodhavarga 3 "thaMbhA va kohA va mayappamAyA, gurussagAse viNayaM na sikkhe | so ceva u tassa abhUibhAvo, phalaM va kIyassa vahAya hoi // " - dazavaikAlika 9/1/1 1 jo muni garva, krodha, mAyA yA pramAdavaza guru ke samIpa vinaya kI zikSA nahIM letA vahI (vinaya kI azikSA) usake vinAza ke lie hotI hai / jaise kIcaka (bA~sa) kA phala usake vinAza ke lie hotA hai, arthAt havA se zabda karate hue bA~sa ko kIcaka kahate haiM, vaha phala lagane para sUkha jAtA hai|

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* 178 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana dhammapada meM yahI upamA isa prakAra AI hai "yo sAsanaM arahataM, ariyAnaM dhmmjiivinN| paTikkosati dummedho, dilui nissAya paapikN|| phalAni kaTThakasseva, attayaJjA phullti||" -dhammapada 12/8 jo durbuddhi manuSya pApamayI dRSTi kA Azraya lekara arahantoM tathA dharmaniSTha Arya puruSoM ke zAsana kI avahelanA karatA hai, vaha AtmaghAta ke lie bA~sa ke phala kI taraha praphullita hotA hai| dazavaikAlika ke dasaveM adhyayana kI AThavIM gAthA meM bhikSu ke jIvana kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai "taheva asaNaM pANagaM vA, vivihaM khAimasAimaM lbhittaa| hohI aTTho sue pare vA taM, na nihe na nihAvae je sa bhikkhuu||" -dazavaikAlika 10/8 pUrvokta vidhi se vividha azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya ko prApta kara, yaha kala yA parasoM kAma AegA, isa vicAra se jo na sannidhi (saMcaya) karatA hai aura na karAtA hai vaha bhikSu hai| suttanipAta meM yahI bAta isa rUpa meM jhaMkRta huI hai "annAnamatho pAnAnaM, khAdanIyAnamayo'pi vtthaanN| laddhA na sannidhi kayirA, na ca parittasetAni albhmaano||" -suttanipAta 52-10 dazavaikAlika ke dasaveM adhyayana kI dasavIM gAthA meM bhikSu kI jIvanacaryA kA mahattva batAte hue kahA hai "na ya vuggahiyaM kahaM kahejA, na ya kuppe nihuiMdie psNte| saMjamadhuvajogajutte uvasaMte, aviheDae je sa bhikkhuu||" -dazavaikAlika 10/10 jo kalahakArI kathA nahIM karatA, jo kopa nahIM karatA, jisakI indriyA~ anuddhata haiM, jo prazAnta hai, jo saMyama meM dhruvayogI hai, jo upazAnta hai, jo dUsaroM ko tiraskRta nahIM karatA vaha bhikSu hai| bhikSu ko zikSA dete hue suttanipAta meM prAyaH yahI zabda kahe gae haiM--

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 179 "na ca katthitA siyA bhikkhU, na ca vAcaM payutaM bhAseyya / pAgabbhiyaM na sikkheyya, kathaM viggAhikaM na kathayeyya // " - suttanipAta, tuvaTaka suttaM 52/16 bhikSu dharmaratna ne caturtha caraNa kA artha likhA hai- kalaha kI bAta na kare / dharmAnanda kausambI ne artha kiyA ki bhikSu ko vAda-vivAda meM nahIM par3anA caahie| dazavaikAlika ke dasaveM adhyayana kI gyArahavIM gAthA meM bhikSu kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI gaI hai " jo sahai hu gAmakaMTae, akkosapahAratajjraNAo ya / bhayabheravasaddasaMpahAse, samasuhadukkhasahe ya je sa bhikkhu // " - dazavaikAlika 10/11 jo kA~Te ke samAna cubhane vAle indriya-viSayoM, Akroza-vacanoM, prahAroM, tarjanAoM aura betAla Adi ke atyanta bhayAnaka zabdayukta aTTahAsoM ko sahana karatA hai tathA sukha aura duHkha ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karatA hai vaha bhikSu hai / suttanipAta kI nimna gAthAoM se tulanA kareM "bhikkhuno vijigucchato, bhajato rittamAsanaM / rukkhamUlaM susAnaM vA, pabbatAnaM guhAsu vA // uccAvacesu sayanesu, kIvanto tattha bheravA / yehi bhikkhu na vedheyya, nigghose sayanAsane // " -suttanipAta 54/4-5 dazavaikAlika ke dasaveM adhyayana kI pandrahavIM gAthA hai" hatthasaMjae pAyasaMjae, vAyasaMjae saMjaiMdie / ajjhapparae susamAhiyappA, suttatthaM ca viyANaI je sa bhikkhU // " - dazavaikAlika 10/15 jo hAthoM se saMyata hai, pairoM se saMyata hai, vANI se saMyata hai, indriyoM se saMyata hai, adhyAtma meM rata hai, bhalIbhA~ti samAdhistha hai aura jo sUtra aura artha ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnatA hai vaha bhikSu hai / dhammapada meM bhikSu ke lakSaNa nimna gAthA meM Ae haiM

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180 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana " cakkhunA saMvaro sAdhu, sAdhu sotena saMvaro / ghANena saMvaro sAdhu, sAdhu jihvAya saMvaro // kAyena saMvaro sAdhu, sAdhu vAcAya saMvaro / manasA saMvaro sAdhu, sAdhu sabbattha saMvaro // sabbattha saMvuto bhikkhu, sabbadukkhA pamuccati / " " hatthasaMyato pAdasaMyato, vAcAya saMyato saMyatuttamo / ajjhattarato samAhito, eko santusito tamAhu bhikkhuM // " isa prakAra dazavaikAlika meM AyI huI gAthAe~ kahIM para bhAvoM kI dRSTi se to kahIM viSaya kI dRSTi se aura kahIM para bhASA kI dRSTi se vaidika aura bauddha paramparA ke granthoM ke sAtha samAnatA rakhatI haiN| kitanI hI gAthAe~ AcArAMga cUlikA ke sAtha viSaya aura zabdoM kI dRSTi se atyadhika sAmya rakhatI haiM / unakA koI eka hI srota honA caahie| isake atirikta dazavaikAlika kI aneka gAthAe~ anya jainAgamoM meM AI huI gAthAoM ke sAtha milatI haiN| para hamane vistArabhaya se unakI tulanA nahIM dI hai| samanvaya kI dRSTi se jaba hama gaharAI se avagAhana karate haiM to jJAna hotA hai-ananta satya ko vyakta karane meM cintakoM kA aneka viSayoM meM ekamata rahA hai| - dhammapada 25/1-3 vyAkhyA - sAhitya dazavaikAlika para Aja taka jitanA bhI vyAkhyA - sAhitya likhA gayA hai, usa sAhitya ko chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - niryukti, bhASya, cUrNi, saMskRta TIkA, lokabhASA meM TabbA aura Adhunika zailI se saMpAdana / niryukti prAkRta bhASA meM padyabaddha TIkAe~ haiM, jinameM mUla grantha ke pratyeka pada kI vyAkhyA na karake mukhya rUpa se pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| niryukti kI vyAkhyA - zailI nikSepa paddhati para AdhRta hai / eka pada ke jitane bhI artha hote haiM unheM batAkara jo artha grAhya hai usakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai aura sAtha hI aprastuta kA nirasana bhI kiyA gayA hai| yoM kaha sakate haiM -sUtra aura artha kA nizcita sambandha batAne vAlI vyAkhyA niryukti hai / 223 suprasiddha jarmana vidvAn zarpeNTiyara ne likhA hai-niryuktiyA~ apane pradhAna bhAga ke kevala iNDeksa kA kAma karatI haiM, ye sabhI vistArayukta ghaTanAvaliyoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha karatI haiM / 224 DaoN. ghATake ne niyuktiyoM ko tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - 225

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 181 (1) mUla niryuktiyA~ - jina niyuktiyoM para kAla kA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3A aura unameM anya kucha bhI mizraNa nahIM huA, jaise- AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI niryuktiyaaN| (2) jinameM mUla bhASyoM kA sammizraNa ho gayA hai tathApi ve vyavacchedya hoM, jaise- dazavaikAlika aura AvazyakasUtra kI niyuktiyA~ / (3) ve niryuktiyA~, jinheM Ajakala bhASya yA bRhadbhASya kahate haiM / jinameM mUla aura bhASya kA itanA adhika sammizraNa ho gayA hai ki una donoM ko pRthak-pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jaise- nizItha Adi kI niyuktiyA~ / prastuta vibhAga vartamAna meM jo niryukti-sAhitya prApta hai, usake AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| jaise yAska maharSi ne vaidika pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie nighaNTu bhASya rUpa nirukta likhA, usI prakAra jaina pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie AcArya bhadrabAhu ne niryuktiyA~ likhiiN| niryuktikAra bhadrabAhu kA samaya vikrama saMvat 562 ke lagabhaga hai aura niryuktiyoM kA samaya 500 se 600 (vi. saM.) ke madhya kA hai| dasa AgamoM para niyuktiyA~ likhI gaIM, unameM eka niyukti dazavaikAlika para bhI hai| DaoN. ghATake ke abhimatAnusAra oghaniryukti aura piNDaniryukti kramazaH dazavaikAlikaniryukti aura Avazyakaniyukti kI upazAkhAe~ haiN| para DaoN. ghATake kI bAta se suprasiddha TIkAkAra malayagiri sahamata nahIM haiN| unake maMtavyAnusAra piNDaniryukti dazavaikAlikaniryukti kA hI eka aMza hai| yaha bAta unhoMne piNDaniryukti kI TIkA meM spaSTa kI hai| AcArya malayagiri dazavaikAlikaniyukti ko caturdazapUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnate haiM, kintu piNDaiSaNA nAmaka pA~caveM adhyayana para vaha niyukti bahuta hI vistRta ho gaI, jisase piNDaniryukti ko svataMtra niyukti ke rUpa meM sthAna diyA gyaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki piNDaniryukti dazavaikAlikaniryukti kA hI eka vibhAga hai / AcArya malayagiri ne isa sambandha meM apanA tarka diyA hai - piNDaniryukti dazavaikAlikaniryukti ke antargata hone ke kAraNa hI isa grantha ke Adi meM namaskAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura dazavaikAlikaniyukti ke mUla ke Adi meM niyuktikAra ne namaskArapUrvaka grantha ko prArambha kiyA hai| 226 gaharAI se cintana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya malayagiri kA tarka adhika vajanadAra nahIM hai| kevala namaskAra na karane ke kAraNa hI piNDaniryukti

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* 182 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana dazavaikAlikaniyukti kA eka aMza hai, yaha kathana upayukta nahIM hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se cintana karane para spaSTa hotA hai ki namaskAra karane kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai| chedasUtra aura mUlasUtroM kA prArambha bhI namaskArapUrvaka nahIM huA hai| TIkAkAroM ne khIMcatAna kara Adi, madhya aura anta maMgala kI saMyojanA kii| maMgala-vAkyoM kI paramparA vikrama kI tIsarI zatI ke pazcAt kI hai| vizva kI dRSTi se donoM meM samAnatA hai kintu piNDaniyukti bhadrabAhu kI racanA hai, yaha ullekha AcArya malayagiri ke atirikta anyatra kahIM para bhI nahIM miltaa| dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM sarvaprathama daza zabda kA prayoga dasa adhyayana kI dRSTi se huA hai aura kAla kA prayoga isalie huA hai ki isakI racanA usa samaya pUrNa huI jaba pauruSI vyatIta ho cukI thI, aparAhna kA samaya ho cakA thaa| prathama adhyayana kA nAma 'drumapuSpikA' hai| isameM dharma kI prazaMsA karate hue usake laukika aura lokottara ye do bheda batAye haiN| laukikadharma ke grAmadharma, dezadharma, rAjadharma prabhRti aneka bheda kiye haiN| lokottaradharma ke zrutadharma aura cAritradharma ye do vibhAga haiN| zrutadharma svAdhyAya rUpa hai aura cAritradharma zramaNadharma rUpa hai| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa kI sundara paribhASA dI gaI hai| pratijJA, hetu, vibhakti, vipakSa, pratibodha, dRSTAnta, AzaMkA, tatpratiSedha, nigamana ina dasa avayavoM se prathama adhyayana kA parIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai|227 dvitIya adhyayana ke prArambha meM zrAmaNyapUrvaka kI nikSepa paddhati se vyAkhyA hai| zrAmaNya kA nikSepa cAra prakAra se kiyA gayA hai-(1) nAmazramaNa, (2) sthApanAzramaNa, (3) dravyazramaNa, aura (4) bhaavshrmnn| bhAvazramaNa kI saMkSepa meM aura sAragarbhita vyAkhyA kI gaI hai|228 zramaNa ke pravrajita, anagAra, pASaMDI, caraka, tApasa, bhikSu, parivrAjaka, zramaNa, saMyata, mukta, tIrNa, trAtA, dravyamuni, kSAntadAnta, virata, rUkSa, tIrArthI, ye paryAyavAcI haiN| pUrvaka ke nikSepa kI dRSTi se teraha prakAra haiM-(1) nAma, (2) sthApanA, (3) dravya, (4) kSetra, (5) kAla, (6) dik, (7) tApakSetra, (8) prajJApaka, (9) pUrva, (10) vastu, (11) prAbhRta, (12) atiprAbhRta, aura (13) bhaav| usake pazcAt kAma para bhI nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai| bhAva-kAma ke icchA-kAma aura madana-kAma ye do prakAra haiN| icchA-kAma prazasta aura aprazasta, do prakAra kA hotA hai| madana-kAma kA artha-veda kA upayoga, strIveda, puruSaveda, napuMsakaveda Adi kA vipAka anubhv| prastuta adhyayana meM

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 183 madana- kAma kA nirUpaNa hai / 229 isa prakAra isa adhyayana meM pada kI bhI nikSepa dRSTi se vyAkhyA hai| ,230 tRtIya adhyayana meM kSullaka arthAt laghu AcArakathA kA adhikAra hai| kSullaka, AcAra aura kathA ina tInoM kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana hai| kSullaka kA nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, pradhAna, pratItya aura bhAva ina ATha bhedoM kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| AcAra kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana karate hue nAmana, dhAvana, vAsana, zikSApAna Adi ko dravyAcAra kahA hai aura darzana, jJAna, cArita, tapa aura vIrya ko bhAvAcAra kahA hai| kathA ke artha, kAma, dharma aura mizra ye cAra bheda kie gae haiM aura unake avAntara bheda bhI kie gae haiN| zramaNa kSetra, kAla, puruSa, sAmarthya prabhRti ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI anavadya kathA kareM / 231 caturtha adhyayana meM SaDjIvanikAya kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM eka, chaha, jIva, nikAya aura zAstra kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| jIva ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana karate hue batAyA hai-AdAna, paribhoga, yoga, upayoga, kaSAya, lezyA, A~kha, ApAna, indriya, bandhu, udaya, nirjarA, citta, cetanA, saMjJA, vijJAna, dhAraNa, buddhi, IhA, mati, vitarka se jIva ko pahacAna sakate haiM / 232 zastra ke dravya aura bhAvarUpa se do prakAra batAe haiN| dravya-zAstra svakAya, parakAya aura ubhayakAyarUpa hotA hai tathA bhAva- zAstra asaMyamarUpa hotA hai / 2 33 paMcama adhyayana bhikSA-vizuddhi se sambandhita hai / piNDaiSaNA meM piNDa tathA eSaNA, ye do pada haiM, ina para nikSepapUrvaka cintana kiyA gayA hai| gur3a, odana Adi dravya - piNDa haiM aura krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, ye bhAva- piNDa haiM / dravyaiSaNA sacitta, acitta aura mizra ke rUpa meM tIna prakAra kI hai| bhAvaiSaNA prazasta aura aprazasta rUpa se do prakAra kI hai- jJAna, darzana, cArita Adi prazasta bhAvaiSaNA hai aura krodha Adi aprazasta bhAvaiSaNA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM dravyaiSaNA kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki bhikSA-vizuddhi se tapa aura saMyama kA poSaNa hotA hai / 234 chaThe adhyayana meM bRhad AcArakathA kA pratipAdana hai| mahat kA nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, pradhAna, pratItya aura bhAva ina ATha bhedoM se cintana kiyA hai / dhAnya aura ratna ke caubIsa - caubIsa prakAra batAe gae haiM / 235 saptama adhyayana kA nAma vAkyazuddhi hai / vAkya, vacana, girA, sarasvatI, bhAratI, go, vAk bhASA, prajJApanI, dezanI, vAgyoga, yoga ye sabhI ekArthaka zabda

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* 184 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ..-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. haiN| janapada Adi ke bheda se satyabhASA dasa prakAra kI hotI hai| krodha Adi ke bheda se mRSAbhASA bhI dasa prakAra kI hotI hai| utpanna hone ke prakAra se mizrabhASA aneka prakAra kI hai aura asatyAmRSA AmaMtraNI Adi ke bheda se aneka prakAra kI hai| zuddhi ke bhI nAma Adi cAra nikSepa haiN| bhAvazuddhi tadbhAva, AdezabhAva aura prAdhAnyabhAva rUpa se tIna prakAra kI haiN|226 ____ aSTama adhyayana AcArapraNidhi hai| praNidhi dravya-praNidhi aura bhAva-praNidhi rUpa se do prakAra kI hai| nidhAna Adi dravya-praNidhi haiN| indriyapraNidhi aura noindriyapraNidhi ye bhAva-praNidhi haiM, jo prazasta aura aprazasta rUpa se do prakAra kI haiN|237 navama adhyayana kA nAma vinayasamAdhi hai| bhAvavinaya ke lokopacAra, arthanimitta, kAmahetu, bhayanimitta aura mokSanimitta, ye pA~ca bheda kie gae haiN| mokSanimittaka vinaya ke darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura upacAra sambandhI pA~ca bheda kiye gae haiN|238 ___ dasaveM adhyayana kA nAma sabhikSu hai| prathama nAma, kSetra Adi nikSepa kI dRSTi se 'sa' para cintana kiyA hai| usake pazcAt 'bhikSu' kA nikSepa kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| bhikSu ke tIrNa, tAyI, dravya, vratI, kSAnta, dAnta, virata, muni, tApasa, prajJApaka, Rju, bhikSu, buddha, yati, vidvAn, pravrajita, anagAra, pAkhaNDI, caraka, brAhmaNa, parivrAjaka, zramaNa, nirgrantha, saMyata, mukta, sAdhu, rUkSa, tIrArthI Adi paryAyavAcI diye haiN| pUrva meM zramaNa ke jo paryAyavAcI zabda diye gaye haiM unameM bhI inameM ke kucha zabda A gaye haiN|239 / ___ cUlikA kA nikSepa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva rUpa se cAra prakAra kA hai| yahA~ para bhAvacUlA abhipreta hai, jo kSAyopazamika hai| rati kA nikSepa bhI cAra prakAra kA hai| jo ratikarma ke udaya ke kAraNa hotI hai vaha bhAvarati hai, vaha dharma ke prati ratikAraka aura adharma ke prati aratikAraka hai| isa prakAra dazavaikAlikaniyukti kI tIna sau ikahattara gAthAoM meM aneka laukika aura dhArmika kathAoM evaM sUktiyoM ke dvArA sUtrArtha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| hiMguziva, gandharvikA, subhadrA, mRgAvatI, naladAma aura govindavAcaka Adi kI kathAoM kA saMkSepa meM nAmollekha huA hai| samrATa kUNika ne gaNadhara gautama se jijJAsA prastuta kI-"bhagavan ! cakravartI marakara kahA~ utpanna hote haiM ?' samAdhAna diyA gayA-"saMyama grahaNa na kareM to sAtaveM naraka meN|' punaH jijJAsA prastuta huI

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dazavakAlikasatra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 185 * "bhagavan ! maiM kahA~ para utpanna hoU~gA?' gautama ne samAdhAna diyA-"chaThe naraka meN|" praznottara ke rUpa meM kahIM-kahIM para tArkika zailI ke bhI darzana hote haiN| bhASya niyuktiyoM kI vyAkhyA-zailI bahuta hI saMkSipta aura gUr3ha thii| niyuktiyoM kA mukhya lakSya pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karanA thaa| niyuktiyoM ke guru gambhIra rahasyoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie kucha vistAra se prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyAtmaka vyAkhyAe~ likhI gaIM, ve bhASya ke nAma se vizruta haiN| bhASyoM meM aneka prAcIna anuzrutiyA~, laukika kathAe~ aura paramparAgata zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra aura gatividhiyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dazavaikAlika para jo bhASya prApta hai, usameM kula 63 gAthAe~ haiN| dazavaikAlikacUrNi meM bhASya kA ullekha nahIM hai, AcArya haribhadra ne apanI vRtti meM bhASya aura bhASyakAra kA aneka sthaloM para ullekha kiyA hai,240 bhASyakAra ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA aura na anya kisI vijJa ne hI isa sambandha meM sUcana kiyA hai|41 jina gAthAoM ko AcArya haribhadra ne bhASyagata mAnA hai, ve gAthAe~ cUrNi meM bhI haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhASyakAra cUrNikAra se pUrvavatI haiN| isameM hetu, vizuddhi, pratyakSa, parokSa, mUlagaNoM va uttaraguNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| aneka pramANa dekara jIva kI saMsiddhi kI gaI hai| dazavaikAlikabhASya dazavaikAlikaniyukti kI apekSA bahuta hI saMkSipta hai| cUrNi ____ AgamoM para niyukti aura bhASya ke pazcAt zuddha prAkRta meM aura saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM gadyAtmaka vyAkhyAe~ likhI giiN| ve cUrNi ke rUpa meM vizruta haiN| cUrNikAra ke rUpa meM jinadAsagaNI mahattara kA nAma atyanta gaurava ke sAtha liyA jA sakatA hai| unake dvArA likhita sAta AgamoM para cUrNiyA~ prApta haiN| unameM eka cUrNi dazavaikAlika para bhI hai| dazavaikAlika para dUsarI cUrNi agastyasiMha sthavira kI hai| AgamaprabhAkara puNyavijaya jI ma. ne use saMpAdita kara prakAzita kiyA hai| unake abhimatAnusAra agastyasiMha sthavira dvArA racita cUrNi kA racanAkAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hai|42 agastyasiMha koTigaNIya vajrasvAmI kI zAkhA ke eka sthavira the, unake guru kA nAma RSigupta thaa| isa prakAra dazavaikAlika para do cUrNiyA~ prApta haiM-eka jinadAsagaNI mahattara kI tathA dUsarI agastyasiMha sthavira kii| agastyasiMha ne

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* 186 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana apanI vRtti ko cUrNi kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai-"cuNNisamAsavayaNeNa dasakAliyaM prismttN|" ____ agastyasiMha ne apanI cUrNi meM sabhI mahattvapUrNa zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| isa vyAkhyA ke lie unhoMne vibhASA243 zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM sUtra-mUla aura vibhASA-vyAkhyA ke ye do prakAra haiN| vibhASA kA mukhya lakSaNa hai-zabdoM ke jo aneka artha hote haiM, una sabhI arthoM ko batAkara, prastuta meM jo artha upayukta ho usakA nirdeza krnaa| prastuta cUrNi meM yaha paddhati apanAne ke kAraNa ise 'vibhASA' kahA gayA hai, jo sarvathA ucita hai| cUrNi-sAhitya kI yaha sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai ki aneka dRSTAntoM va kathAoM ke mAdhyama se mUla viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai| agastyasiMha sthavira ne apanI cUrNi meM aneka granthoM ke avataraNa die haiM jo unakI bahuzrutatA ko vyakta karate haiN| mUla Agama-sAhitya meM zraddhA kI pramukhatA thii| niyukti-sAhitya meM anumAnavidyA yA tarkavidyA ko sthAna milaa| usakA vizadIkaraNa prastuta cUrNi meM huA hai| unake pazcAt AcArya akalaMka Adi ne isa viSaya ko Age bar3hAyA hai| agastyasiMha ke sAmane dazavaikAlika kI aneka vRttiyA~ thIM, sambhava hai ve vRttiyA~ yA vyAkhyAe~ maukhika rahI hoM, isalie upadeza zabda kA prayoga lekhaka ne kiyA hai| 'bhaddiyAyari ovaesa' aura 'dattilAyari ovaesa' kI unhoMne kaI bAra carcA kI hai| yaha satya hai ki dazavaikAlika kI vRttiyA~ prAcInakAla se hI prArambha ho cukI thiiN| AcArya aparAjita jo yApanIya the, unhoMne dazavaikAlika kI vijayodayA nAmaka TIkA likhI thii|44 para yaha TIkA sthavira agastyasiMha ke samakSa nahIM thii| agastyasiMha ne apanI cUrNi meM aneka matabheda yA vyAkhyAntaroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai|245 dhyAna kA sAmAnya lakSaNa 'egagga cintA-niroho jhANaM' kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai ki eka Alambana kI cintA karanA, yaha chadmastha kA dhyAna hai| yoga kA nirodha kevalI kA dhyAna hai, kyoMki kevalI ko cintA nahIM hotii| jJAnAcaraNa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki prAkRta bhASAnibaddha sUtra kA saMskRta rUpAntara nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki vyaJjana meM visaMvAda karane para artha-visaMvAda hotA hai|

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 187* _ 'rAtri-bhojana viramaNavrata' ko mUlagUNa mAnA jAya yA uttaraguNa? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA hai ki yaha uttaraguNa hI hai kintu mUlaguNa kI rakSA kA hetu hone se mUlaguNa ke sAtha kahA gayA hai| vastra-pAtrAdi saMyama aura lajjA ke lie rakhe jAte haiM ataH ve parigraha nahIM haiN| mUrchA hI parigraha hai| colapaTTakAdi kA bhI ullekha hai| dharma kI vyAvahArikatA kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai-anantajJAnI bhI guru kI upAsanA avazya kare (9/1/11) / 'dehadukkhaM mahAphalaM' kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai-"dukkhaM evaM sAhijamANaM mokkhapajjavasANaphalatteNa mhaaphlN|" bauddhadarzana ne citta ko hI niyaMtraNa meM lenA Avazyaka mAnA to usakA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA-"kAya kA bhI niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hai|" dArzanika viSayoM kI carcAe~ bhI yatra-tatra huI haiN| prastuta cUrNi meM tattvArthasUtra, Avazyakaniyukti, oghaniyukti, vyavahArabhASya, kalpabhASya Adi granthoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| dazavaikAlikacUrNi (jinadAsa) __ cUrNi-sAhitya ke nirmAtAoM meM jinadAsagaNI mahattara kA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| jinadAsagaNI mahattara ke jIvana-vRtta ke sambandha meM vizeSa sAmagrI anupalabdha hai| vijJoM kA abhimata hai ki cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNI mahattara bhASyakAra jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt aura AcArya haribhadra ke pahale hue haiN| kyoMki bhASya kI aneka gAthAoM kA upayoga cUrNiyoM meM huA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne apanI vRttiyoM meM cUrNiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| AcArya jinadAsagaNI kA samaya vikrama saMvat 650 se 750 ke madhya honA caahie| naMdIcUrNi ke upasaMhAra meM usakA racanAsamaya zaka saMvat 598 arthAt vikrama saMvat 733 hai-isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai| AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara kI dazavaikAlikaniyukti ke AdhAra para dazavaikAlikacUrNi likhI gaI hai| yaha cUrNi saMskRta-mizrita prAkRta bhASA meM racita hai, kintu saMskRta kama aura prAkRta adhika hai| prathama adhyayana meM ekaka, kAla, druma, dharma Adi padoM kA nikSepa dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai| AcArya zayyambhava kA jIvana-vRtta bhI diyA hai| dasa prakAra ke zramaNadharma, anumAna ke vividha avayava Adi para prakAza DAlA hai|

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188 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana dvitIya adhyayana meM zramaNa ke svarUpa para cintana karate hue - pUrva, kAma, pada Adi padoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyayana meM dRDhadhRtika ke AcAra kA pratipAdana hai / usameM mahat, kSullaka, AcAra- darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra, tapAcAra, vIryAcAra, arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA, mizrakathA, anAcIrNa Adi kA bhI vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyayana meM jIva, ajIva, cAritra, yatanA, upadeza, dharmaphala Adi kA paricaya diyA hai| paJcama adhyayana meM zramaNa ke uttaraguNa - piNDasvarUpa, bhaktapAnaiSaNA, gamanavidhi, gocaravidhi, pAnakavidhi, pariSThApanavidhi, bhojanavidhi Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyayana meM dharma, artha, kAma, vrataSaTka, kAyaSaTka Adi kA pratipAdana hai| isameM AcArya kA saMskRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa para prabhRtva dRSTigocara hotA hai| saptama adhyayana meM bhASA sambandhI vivecanA hai / aSTama adhyayana meM indriyAdi praNidhiyoM para vicAra kiyA hai| nauveM adhyayana meM lokopacAravinaya, arthavinaya, kAmavinaya, bhayavinaya, mokSavinaya kI vyAkhyA hai| dazama adhyayana meM bhikSu ke guNoM kA utkIrtana kiyA hai| cUlikAoM meM rati, arati, vihAravidhi, gRhivaiyAvRtya kA niSedha, aniketavAsa prabhRtti viSayoM se sambandhita vivecanA hai| cUrNi meM taraMgavatI, oghaniryukti, piNDaniryukti Adi granthoM kA nAmanirdeza bhI kiyA gayA hai| prastuta cUrNi meM aneka kathAe~ dI gaI haiM, jo bahuta hI rocaka tathA viSaya ko spaSTa karane vAlI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama yahA~ eka-do kathAe~ de rahe haiM pravacana kA uDDAha hone para kisa prakAra pravacana kI rakSA kI jAe ? ise samajhAne ke lie hiMguziva nAmaka vANavyantara kI kathA hai| eka mAlI puSpoM ko lekara jA rahA thaa| usI samaya use zauca kI hAjata ho gii| usane rAste meM hI zauca kara usa azuci para puSpa DAla die / rAhagIroM ne pUchA - "yahA~ para puSpa

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 189 * ..-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.kyoM DAla rakhe haiM ?" uttara meM mAlI ne kahA-"mujhe pretabAdhA ho gaI thii| yaha hiMguziva nAmaka vANavyantara hai|' isI prakAra yadi kabhI pramAdavaza pravacana kI ha~sI kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAya to usakI buddhimAnI se rakSA kreN| eka lokakathA buddhi ke camatkAra ko ujAgara kara rahI hai eka vyakti kakar3iyoM se gAr3I bharakara nagara meM becane ke lie jA rahA thaa| use mArga meM eka dhUrta milA, usane kahA-"maiM tumhArI ye gAr3I bhara kakar3iyA~ khA lU~ to mujhe kyA puraskAra doge?" kakar3I vAle ne kahA-"maiM tumheM itanA bar3A laDDU dUMgA jo nagaradvAra meM se nikala na ske|'' dhUrta ne bahuta sAre gavAha bulA lie aura usane thor3I-thor3I sabhI kakar3iyA~ khAkara punaH gAr3I meM rakha dIM aura lagA laDDU maaNgne| kakar3I vAle ne kahA-"zarta ke anusAra tumane kakar3iyA~ khAI hI kahA~ haiM ?' dhUrta ne kahA- "yadi aisI bAta hai to kakar3iyA~ becakara dekho|" kakar3iyoM kI gAr3I ko dekhakara bahuta sAre vyakti kakar3iyA~ kharIdane ko A gye| para kakar3iyoM ko dekhakara unhoMne kahA-"khAI huI kakar3iyA~ becane ke lie kyoM lekara Ae ho?" ___ anta meM dhUrta aura kakar3I vAlA donoM nyAya karAne hetu nyAyAdhIza ke pAsa phuNce| kakar3I vAlA hAra gayA aura dhUrta jI gyaa| usane punaH laDDU maaNgaa| kakar3I vAle ne use laDDU ke badale meM bahuta sArA puraskAra denA cAhA para vaha laDDU lene ke lie hI ar3A rhaa| nagara ke dvAra se bar3A laDDU banAnA koI ha~sI-khela nahIM thaa| kakar3I vAle ko parezAna dekhakara eka dUsare dhUrta ne use ekAnta meM le jAkara upAya batAyA ki eka nanhA-sA laDDU banAkara use nagara dvAra para rakha denA aura kahanA-"laDDU ! daravAje se bAhara nikala aao|" para laDDU nikalegA nahIM, phira tuma vaha laDDU use yaha kahakara de denA ki yaha laDDU dvAra meM se nahIM nikala rahA hai| ___ isa prakAra aneka kathAe~ prastuta cUrNi meM viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie dI gaI haiN| TIkAe~ cUrNi-sAhitya ke pazcAt saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAoM kA nirmANa huaa| TIkA yuga jaina-sAhitya ke itihAsa meM svarNima yuga ke rUpa meM vizruta hai|

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190 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana niyukti - sAhitya meM AgamoM ke zabdoM kI vyAkhyA aura vyutpatti hai| bhASyasAhitya meM AgamoM ke gambhIra bhAvoM kA vivecana hai / cUrNi - sAhitya meM nigUr3ha bhAvoM ko lokakathAoM tathA aitihAsika vRttoM ke AdhAra se samajhAne kA prayAsa hai to TIkA - sAhitya meM AgamoM kA dArzanika dRSTi se vizleSaNa hai| TIkAkAroM ne prAcIna niryukti, bhASya aura cUrNi - sAhitya kA apanI TIkAoM meM prayoga kiyA hI hai aura sAtha hI naye hetuoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| TIkAe~ saMkSipta aura vistRta donoM prakAra kI haiN| TIkAoM ke nAmoM kA prayoga bhI AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, jaise- TIkA, vRtti, vivRtti, vivaraNa, vivecana, vyAkhyA, vArtika, dIpikA, avacUri, avacUrNi, paMjikA, TippaNaka, paryAya, stavaka, pIThikA, akSarArddha / ina TIkAoM meM kevala Agamika tattvoM para hI vivecana nahIM huA apitu usa yuga kI sAmAjika, sAMskRtika aura bhaugolika paristhitiyoM kA bhI inase samyak parijJAna ho jAtA hai / saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM AcArya haribhadra kA nAma sarvaprathama hai| ve saMskRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the / unakA sattA- samaya vikrama saMvat 757 se 828 hai| prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra unake dIkSAguru AcArya jinabhaTa the kintu svayaM AcArya haribhadra ne unakA gucchapati guru ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai aura jinadatta ko dIkSAguru mAnA hai / ,246 yAkinI mahattarA unakI dharmamAtA thIM, unakA kula vidyAdhara thA / unhoMne aneka AgamoM para TIkAe~ likhI haiM, vartamAna meM ye Agama TIkAe~ prakAzita ho cukI haiM- nandIvRtti, anuyogadvAravRtti, prajJApanApradezavyAkhyA, AvazyakavRtti aura dazavaikAlikavRtti / dazavaikAlikavRtti ke nirmANa kA mUla AdhAra dazavaikAlikaniryukti hai| ziSyabodhinIvRtti yA bRhadvRtti ye do nAma isa vRtti ke upalabdha haiM / vRtti ke prArambha meM dazavaikAlika kA nirmANa kaise huA ? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM AcArya zayyambhava kA jIvana-vRtta diyA hai / tapa ke varNana meM Artta, raudra, dharma aura zukladhyAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| aneka prakAra ke zrotA hote haiM, unakI dRSTi se pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, vibhinna avayavoM kI upayogitA, unake doSoM kI zuddhi kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dvitIya adhyayana kI vRtti meM zramaNa, pUrva, kAma, pada Adi zabdoM para cintana karate hue tIna yoga, tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJA, pA~ca indriyA~, pA~ca sthAvara, dasa zramaNadharma, aThAraha zIlAMgasahasra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai|

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 191 tRtIya adhyayana kI vRtti meM mahat, kSullaka padoM kI vyAkhyA hai / pA~ca AcAra, cAra kathAoM kA udAharaNa sahita vivecana hai| caturtha adhyayana kI vRtti meM jIva ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| pA~ca mahAvrata, chaThA rAtri - bhojana viramaNavrata, zramaNadharma kI durlabhatA kA citraNa hai| paJcama adhyayana kI vRtti meM AhAraviSayaka vivecana hai| chaThe adhyayana kI vRtti meM vrataSaTka, kAyaSaTka, akalpa, gRhibhAjana, paryaGka, niSadyA, snAna aura zobhA-varjana, ina aSTAdaza sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai, jinake parijJAna se hI zramaNa apane AcAra kA nirdoSa pAlana kara sakatA hai| sAtaveM adhyayana kI vyAkhyA meM bhASA-zuddhi para cintana kiyA hai / AThaveM adhyayana kI vyAkhyA meM AcAra meM praNidhi kI prakriyA aura usake phala para prakAza DAlA hai| nauveM adhyayana meM vinaya ke vividha prakAra aura usase hone vAle phala kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dasaveM adhyayana kI vRtti meM subhikSu kA svarUpa batAyA hai| cUlikAoM meM bhI dharma ke ratijanaka, aratijanaka kAraNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai I prastuta vRtti meM aneka prAkRta kathAnaka va prAkRta saMskRta bhASA ke uddharaNa bhI Aye haiM / dArzanika cintana bhI yatra-tatra mukharita huA hai| AcArya haribhadra saMvigna - pAkSika the / vaha kAla caityavAsa ke utkarSa kA kAla thA / caityavAsI aura saMvigna-pakSa meM paraspara saMgharSa kI sthiti thI / caityavAsiyoM ke pAsa pustakoM kA saMgraha thaa| saMvigna-pakSa ke pAsa prAyaH pustakoM kA abhAva thaa| caityavAsI unako pustakeM nahIM dete the / ve to saMvigna-pakSa ko miTAne para tule hue the, yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya haribhadra ko apanI vRtti likhate samaya agastyasiMhacUrNi Adi upalabdha na huI ho| yadi upalabdha huI hotI to ve usakA avazya hI saMketa krte| AcArya haribhadra ke pazcAt aparAjitasUri ne dazavaikAlika para eka vRtti likhI, jo vRtti 'vijayodayA' nAma se prasiddha hai| aparAjitasUri yApanIya saMgha the| inakA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI hai / unhoMne apane dvArA racita

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* 192 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai| AcArya haribhadra kI TIkA kA anusaraNa karake tilakAcArya ne bhI eka TIkA likhI hai, inakA samaya terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI hai| mANikyazekhara ne dazavaikAlika para niyuktidIpikA likhI hai, mANikyazekhara kA samaya pandrahavIM zatAbdI hai| samayasundara ne dazavakAlika para dIpikA likhI hai, inakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1611 se 1681 taka hai| vinayahaMsa ne dazavaikAlika para vRtti likhI hai, inakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1573 hai| rAmacandrasUri ne dazavaikAlika para vArtika likhA hai, inakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1678 hai| isI prakAra zAntidevasUri, somavimalasUri, rAjacandra, pArasacandra, jJAnasAgara prabhRti manISiyoM ne bhI dazavaikAlika para TIkAe~ likhI haiN| pAyacandrasUri aura dharmasiMha muni, jinakA samaya vikrama kI aThArahavIM zatAbdI hai, ne gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI mizrita bhASA meM TabbA likhaa| Tabbe meM TIkAoM kI taraha nayA cintana aura spaSTIkaraNa nahIM hai| isa prakAra samaya-samaya para dazavaikAlika para AcAryoM ne virAT vyAkhyA-sAhitya likhA hai| para yaha satya hai ki agastyasiMha sthavira viracita cUrNi, jinadAsagaNI mahattara viracita cUrNi aura AcArya haribhadrasUri viracita vRtti ina tInoM kA vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM viziSTa sthAna hai| paravartI vijJoM ne apanI vRttiyoM meM inake maulika cintana kA upayoga kiyA hai| Tabbe ke pazcAt anuvAda yuga kA prArambha huaa| AcArya amolaka RSi jI ne dazavaikAlika kA hindI anuvAda likhaa| usake bAda aneka vijJoM ke hindI anuvAda prakAza meM aae| isI taraha gujarAtI aura aMgrejI bhASA meM bhI anuvAda hue tathA AcArya AtmArAma jI ma. ne dazavaikAlika para hindI meM vistRta TIkA likhii| yaha TIkA mUla ke artha ko spaSTa karane meM sakSama hai| anusaMdhAna yuga meM AcArya tulasI ke netRtva meM muni zrI nathamala jI ne 'dasaveAliyaM' grantha taiyAra kiyA, jisameM mUla pATha ke sAtha viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie zodha-pradhAna TippaNa die gaye haiN| isa prakAra atIta se vartamAna taka dazavaikAlika para vyAkhyAe~ aura vivecana likhA gayA hai, jo isa Agama kI lokapriyatA kA jvalanta udAharaNa prAcIna yuga meM mudraNa kA abhAva thA isalie tAr3apatra yA kAgaja para AgamoM kA lekhana hotA rhaa| mudraNa yuga prArambha hone para AgamoM kA mudraNa prArambha huaa| sarvaprathama san 1900 meM haribhadra aura samayasundara kI vRtti ke sAtha dazavaikAlika kA prakAzana bhImasI mANeka (bambaI) ne kiyaa| usake pazcAt san

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 193 * 1905 meM dazavaikAlika dIpikA kA prakAzana hIrAlAla haMsarAja (jAmanagara) ne kiyaa| san 1915 meM samayasundara vihita vRtti sahita dazavaikAlika kA prakAzana hIrAlAla haMsarAja (jAmanagara) ne krvaayaa| san 1911 meM samayasundara vihita vRtti sahita dazavaikAlika kA prakAzana jinayazaHsUri granthamAlA (khambhAta) se huaa| san 1918 meM bhadrabAhukRta niyukti tathA hAribhadrIyA vRtti ke sAtha dazavaikAlika kA prakAzana devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra (bambaI) ne kiyaa| niyukti tathA hAribhadrIyA vRtti ke sAtha vikrama saMvat 1999 meM manasukhalAla hIrAlAla (bambaI) ne dazavaikAlika kA eka saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyaa| dazavaikAlika kA bhadrabAhuniyukti sahita prakAzana AMgla bhASA meM E. Leumann dvArA ZDMG se prakAzita karavAyA gayA (Vol. 46, page 581-663) / san 1933 meM jinadAsakRta cUrNi kA prakAzana RSabhadeva jI kesarImala jI jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA (ratalAma) se huaa| san 1940 meM saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha saMpAdaka AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma. ne jo dazavaikAlika kA saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA vaha motIlAla bAlacanda mUthA (satArA) ke dvArA prakAzita huaa| san 1954 meM sumati sAdhu viracita vRtti sahita dazavaikAlika kA prakAzana devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra (sUrata) se huaa| niyukti, agastyasiMhacUrNi kA sarvaprathama prakAzana san 1973 meM puNyavijaya jI ma. dvArA saMpAdita hokara prAkRta grantha pariSad (vArANasI) dvArA kiyA gyaa| vikrama saMvat 1981 meM AcArya AtmArAma jI ma. kRta hindI TIkA sahita dazavaikAlika kA saMskaraNa jvAlAprasAda mANakacanda jauharI mahendragar3ha (paTiyAlA) ne prakAzita kiyaa| usI kA dvitIya saMskaraNa vikrama saMvat 2003 meM jainazAstramAlA kAryAlaya (lAhaura) se huaa| san 1957 aura 1960 meM AcArya ghAsIlAla jI ma. viracita saMskRta-vyAkhyA aura usakA hindI aura gujarAtI anuvAda jainazAstroddhAra samiti (rAjakoTa) se huaa| vIra saMvat 2446 meM AcArya amolaka RSi jI ne hindI anuvAda sahita dazavaikAlika kA eka saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyaa| vikrama saMvat 2000 meM muni amaracaMdra paMjAbI saMpAdita dazavaikAlika kA saMskaraNa vilAyatIrAma agravAla (mAcchIvAr3A) dvArA prakAzita huA aura vikrama saMvat 2002 meM ghevaracaMda jI bAMThiyA dvArA sampAdita saMskaraNa seThiyA jaina pAramArthika saMsthA (bIkAnera) dvArA aura bAMThiyA dvArA hI saMpAdita dazavaikAlika kA eka saMskaraNa vikrama

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194 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana saMvat 2020 meM sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha ( sailAnA) se prakAzita huaa| san 1936 meM hindI anuvAda sahita muni saubhAgyacandra 'santabAla' ne saMpAdita kiyA, vaha saMskaraNa zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina kaoNnphreMsa (bambaI) ne prakAzita krvaayaa| mUla TippaNa sahita dazavaikAlika kA eka abhinava saMskaraNa muni nathamala jI dvArA saMpAdita vikrama saMvat 2020 meM jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA porcugIja carca sTrITa (kalakattA) se aura usI kA dvitIya saMskaraNa san 1974 meM jaina vizva bhAratI (lADanUM) se prakAzita huA / san 1939 meM dazavaikAlika kA gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne taiyAra kiyA, vaha jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti ( ahamadAbAda) se prakAzita huA / isI taraha dazavaikAlika kA aMgrejI anuvAda jo W. Schubring dvArA kiyA gayA, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA hai| san 1937 meM pI. ela. vaidya (pUnA) ne bhI dazavaikAlika kA AMgla anuvAda kara use prakAzita kiyA hai| dazavaikAlika kA mUla pATha san 1912, san 1924 meM jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI ( ahamadAbAda ) tathA san 1930 meM ummedacaMda rAyacaMda ( ahamadAbAda), san 1938 meM hIrAlAla haMsarAja (jAmanagara), vikrama saMvat 2010 meM zAntilAla vanamAlI seTha (byAvara), san 1974 meM zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya (udayapura) tathA anya aneka sthaloM se dazavaikAlika ke mUla saMskaraNa chape haiN| zrI puNyavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita aura zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya (bambaI) se san 1977 meM prakAzita saMskaraNa sabhI mUla saMskaraNoM se adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isa saMskaraNa meM prAcInatama pratiyoM ke AdhAra se aneka zodha-pradhAna pAThAntara die gae haiM, jo zodhArthiyoM ke lie bahuta hI upayogI haiM / pATha zuddha hai| sthAnakavAsI samAja eka prabuddha aura krAntikArI samAja hai| usane samaya-samaya para vividha sthAnoM se AgamoM kA prakAzana kiyA tathApi Adhunika dRSTi se AgamoM ke sarvajanopayogI saMskaraNa kA abhAva khaTaka rahA thaa| usa abhAva kI pUrti kA saMkalpa mere zraddheya sadguruvarya rAjasthAnakesarI adhyAtmayogI pUjya upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI ma. ke sneha-sAthI va sahapAThI zramaNasaMgha ke yuvAcArya zrI mizrImala jI madhukara muni jI ne kiyA / yuvAcAryazrI ne isa mahAkArya ko zIghra sampanna karane hetu sampAdaka - maNDala kA gaThana kiyA aura sAtha hI vividha manISiyoM ko sampAdana, vivecana karane ke lie utprerita

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 195 *--*-- ------- kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa san 1983 taka aneka Agama zAnadAra DhaMga se prakAzita hue / atyanta drutagati se AgamoM ke prakAzana kArya ko dekhakara manISIgaNa AzcaryAnvita ho ge| para kise patA thA ki yuvAcAryazrI kA svapna unake jIvanakAla meM sAkAra nahIM ho paayegaa| navambara 1983 ko nAsika meM hRdaya gati ruka jAne se yakAyaka unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| unakI prabala preraNA thI ki dazavaikAlika ke abhinava saMskaraNa kA saMpAdana merI jyeSTha bhaginI parama viduSI mahAsatI zrI puSpavatI kreN| bahina jI mahArAja ko bhI sampAdana - kArya meM pUjanIyA mAtezvarI mahArAja ke svargavAsa se vyavadhAna upasthita huA jisake kAraNa na cAhate hue bhI isa kArya meM kAphI vilamba ho gayA / yuvAcArya zrI isa Agama ke sampAdana - kArya ko nahIM dekha sake / ---- dazavaikAlika kA mUla pATha prAcIna pratiyoM ke AdhAra se vizuddha rUpa se dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| mUla pATha ke sAtha hindI meM bhAvAnuvAda bhI diyA gayA hai / AgamoM ke gambhIra rahasyoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie saMkSepa meM vivecana bhI likhA hai| vivecana meM niryukti, cUrNi, TIkA aura anyAnya AgamoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha vivecana sAragarbhita, sarala aura sarasa huA hai| kaI ajJAta tathyoM ko isa vivecana meM udghATita kiyA gayA hai| anuvAda aura vivecana kI bhASA sarala, subodha aura sarasa hai / zailI cittAkarSaka aura mohaka hai / bahina mahArAja kI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA yatra-tatra saMdarzana hotA hai / yadyapi unhoMne Agama kA sampAdana-kArya sarvaprathama kiyA hai tadapi ve isa kArya meM pUrNa saphala rahI haiN| yaha vivecana hara dRSTi se maulika hai| mujhe AzA hI nahIM apitu dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki isa saMskaraNa kA sarvatra samAdara hogA, kyoMki isakI sampAdana zailI Adhunikatama hai aura guru gambhIra rahasyoM ko spaSTa karane vAlI hai / grantha meM aneka pariziSTa bhI die gae haiM, viziSTa zabdoM kA artha bhI diyA gayA hai, jisase yaha saMskaraNa zodhArthiyoM ke lie bhI parama upayogI siddha hogA / maiM dazavaikAlika para bahuta hI vistAra se likhanA cAhatA thA para samayAbhAva va granthAbhAva ke kAraNa cAhate hue bhI nahIM likha sakA, para saMkSepa meM dazavaikAlika ke sambandha meM likha cukA hU~ aura itanA likhanA Avazyaka bhI thA /

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* 196 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana uddhRta saMdarbha-sthala sUcI 1. samavAyAGgasUtra, pRSTha 60 2. aupapAtikasUtra 3. dazavaikAlika, hAribhadrIyA vRtti 4. "magaddhavisayabhAsANibaddhaM addhamAgahaM, aTThArasa desIbhAsANimayaM vA addhmaaghN|" -nizIthacUrNi 5. sUtrakRtAGga 2/2-39, sUtra kI TIkA 6. bRhatkalpasUtra, bhAga 6, prastAvanA, pRSTha 57 7. kalpasUtra, prastAvanA, pRSTha 4-6 8. aMgavijjA, prastAvanA, 8-11 9. tattvArthabhASya 1/20 10. sukhabodhA samAcArI, pRSTha 134 11. vidhimArgaprapA ke lie dekhie-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pRSTha 38 12. vAyanAvihI, pRSTha 64 13. prabhAvakacaritra, AryarakSita prabandha, zloka 241 98. The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Page 32 15. "AyArassa u uvariM, uttarajjhayaNA u Asi puvvaM tu| dasaveyAliya uvariM iyANiM kiM tena hovaMtI u||" -vyavahArabhASya, uddezaka 3, gAthA 176 16. "puvvaM satthapariNNA, adhIya paDhiyAi hoi uvttttvnnaa| iNhicchajjIvaNayA, kiM sA u na hou uvttttvnnaa||' -vahI, uddezaka 3, gAthA 174 17. samAcArIzataka 18. "atha uttarAdhyayana-Avazyaka-piNDaniyukti-oghaniryakti-dazavaikAlika-iti catvAri muulsuutraanni|' -jainadharmavarastotra, zloka 30 kI svopajJa vRtti 19. e hisTrI oNpha dI kainonikala liTarecara oNpha dI jainsa, pRSTha 44-45 (lekhaka-eca. Ara. kApar3iyA) 20. "se kiM taM ukkAliyaM? ukkAliyaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM, taM jhaa-dsveyaaliyN.|" -nandIsUtra 71 21. "apuhuttapuhuttAhaM niddisiuM, ettha hoi ahigaaro| caraNakaraNANuogeNa, tassa dArA ime huNti||' -dazavaikAlikaniyukti , gAthA 4

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *197* -.-.-.-.-.-.-.- . - --. 22. agastyasiMha sthavira : dazavaikAlikacUrNi 23. caraNaM muulgunnaaH| "vaya-samaNadhamma saMyama, veyAvaccaM ca bNbhguttiio| NANAitiyaM tava, kohaniggahAI caraNameyaM // " -pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 552 24. karaNaM uttrgunnaaH| "piMDavisohI samiI, bhAvaNa paDimA i iNdiyniroho| paDilehaNa guttIo, abhiggahA ceva karaNaM tu||" -vahI, gAthA 563 25. "dasaveyAliyaM AyAra-goyara-vihiM vnnnnei|" -SaTkhaMDAgama, satyarUpaNA 1/1/1, pRSTha 97 26. "jadi gocarassa vihi, piMDavisuddhiM ca jaM pruuvehi| dasaveAliyasuttaM, dahakAlA jattha sNvuttaa||" -aMgapaNNattI 3/24 27. "vRkSakusumAdInAM dazAnAM bhedakathakaM yatInAmAcArakathakaM ca dshvaikaalikm|" __ -tattvArthavRtti zrutasAgarIyA, pRSTha 67 28. "vititami baMbhacere, paMcama uddese aamgNdhmmi| suttami piMDakappo, iha puNa piMDesaNAe o||" -vyavahArabhASya, uddezaka 3, gAthA 175 29. "teNa ya sejjaMbhaveNa dAramUle ThieNaM taM vayaNaM suaM, tAhe so viciMtei-ee uvasaMtA tavassiNo asaccaM Na vyNti|" __-dazavakAlika hAribhadrIyAvRtti, patrAMka 10-11 30. "jayA ya so pavvaio tayA ya tassa guThviNI mahilA hotthaa|" -vahI, patrAMka 11 (1) 31. "aho zayyambhavo bhaTTo, niSTharebhyo'pi nisstthrH| svAM priyAM yauvanavatI, suzIlAmapi yo'tyajat // 57 // " -pariziSTa parva, sarga 5 32. "mAyAe se bhaNia 'maNaga' ti tamhA maNao se NAmaM kyNti|" ___-dazavaikAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, patrAMka 11 (2) 33. "evaM ca cintayAmAsa, shyymbhvmhaamuniH| atyalpAyurayaM bAlo, bhAvI zrutadharaH katham // 82 // " -pariziSTa parva, sarga 5 34. "apazcimo dazapUrvI, zrutasAraM smuddhret| caturdazapUrvadharaH, punaH kenApi hetunA // 83 // " -vahI, sarga 5 35. (ka) "siddhAntasAramuddhRtyAcAryaH shyymbhvstdaa| dazavaikAlikaM nAma zrutaskandhamudAhara // 85 // " -vahI, sarga 5 (kha) dazavaikAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, patra 12 36. "ANaMda-aMsupAyaM kAsI, sijaMbhavA tahiM theraa| jasabhaddassa ya pucchA, kahaNA a viAlaNA sNghe||' -dazavaikAlikaniyukti 371

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* 198 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. 37. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, pRSTha 314 38. jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya, pRSTha 51 39. History of Indian Literature, Vol. II, Page 47, F.N. 1 40. The Dasavaikalika Sutra : A Study, Page 9 41. jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, pRSTha 314 42. dasavaikAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, patra 11-12 43. "AyappavAyapuvvA, nijUDhA hoi dhmmpnntii| kammappavAyapuvvA, piMDassa u esaNA tivihaa|| saccappavAyapuvvA, nijUDhA hoi vakkasuddhI u| avasesA nijUDhA, navamassa u tiyvtthuuo|" -dazavakAlikaniyukti, gAthA 16-17 44. "bIo'vi a Aeso, gaNipiDagAo duvaalsNgaao| eaM kira nijaDhaM, maNagassa annugghttttaae||" -vahI, gAthA 18 45. (ka) "saMtime tasA pANA, taM jahA-aMDayA poyayA jarAuyA rasayA saMseyayA samucchimA ubbhiyA ovvaaiyaa|" -AcArAMga 1/118 tulanA kareM"aMDayA poyayA jarAuyA rasayA saMseimA sammucchimA ubbhiyA uvvaaiyaa|" -dazavaikAlika, adhyayana 4, sUtra 9 (kha) "Na me deti Na kuppejjA" -AcArAMga 2/102 tulanA kareM"adeMtassa na kuppejaa|" -dazavakAlika 5/2/28 (ga) "sAmAyikamAhu tassa taM jaM gihimatte'saNaM Na bhkkhti|" -sUtrakRtAMga 1/2/2/18 tulanA kareM "sannihI gihimatte ya rAyapiMDe kimicche|" -dazavakAlika 3/3 46. dazaveAliyaM taha uttarajjhayaNANi kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 12 47. "ArAtIyaiH punarAcAryaiH kAladoSAtsaMkSiptAyurmatibalaziSyAnugrahArthaM dshvaikaalikaadyupnibddhm| tatpramANamarthatastadevedamiti kSIrArNava-jalaM ghttgRhiitmiv| -sarvArthasiddhi 1/20 48. tattvArthabhASya 1/20 49. "dasaveyAlaM ca uttrjjhynnN|" -gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 367 50. kaSAyapAhuDa (jayadhavalA sahita), bhAga 1, pRSTha 13/25 51. mUlArAdhanA, AzvAsa 4, zloka 333, vRtti patra 611

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 199 52. dekheM-Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 141, vRtti patra 149 53. nizIthacUrNi 1/7, 1/13, 1/106, 1/163, 2/125, 2/126, 2/359, 2/ 363, 3/483, 3/547, 4/31, 4/32, 4/33, 4/143, 4/157, 4/272 54. uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti 1/31, vRtti 59, 2/13/94, 3/13/186, 5/31/254, 15/2/415 55. uttarAdhyayanacUrNi 1/34, pRSTha 40, 2/41 / 83, 5/18/137 56. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 53, san 1942, hindI grantha ratnAkAra kAryAlaya, bambaI 57. (ka) nandIsUtra 46 (kha) dazavaikAlikaniryukti, gAthA 6 58. vahI, gAthA 1, 7, 12, 14-15 59. dazavaikAlika : agastyasiMhacUrNi, puNyavijaya jI ma. dvArA sampAdita 60. "vicAraNA saMgha' iti zayyambhavenAlpAyuSamenamavetya mayedaM zAstraM niryUDhaM kimala yuktamiti nivedite vicAraNA saMghe - kAlahAsadoSAt prabhUtasatvAnAmidamevopakArakamatastiSThatvetadityevaMbhUtA sthApanA / " - dazavaikAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, patra 284 61. mahAnizItha adhyayana 5, duHSamAkaraka prakaraNa / 62. "zrI saMghAyopadAM, preSInmanmukhena prasAdabhAk / zrImAnsImandhara svAmI, catvAryadhyayanAni ca // bhAvanA ca vimuktizca, ratikalpamathAparam / tathA vicitracaryA ca tAni caitAni nAmataH // apyekayA vAcanayA, mayA tAni dhRtAni ca / udgItAni ca saMghAya, tattathAkhyAnapUrvakam // AcArAMgasya cUle dve, Adyamadhyayanadvayam / dazavaikAlikasyAnyadatha, saMghena yojitam // " - pariziSTa parva, 9/97-100, pRSTha 90 63. "Ao do cUliyAo, ANIyA jakkhiNIe ajjAe / sImaMdharapAsAo, bhaviyANa vibohaNaTThAe // " - dazavaikAlikaniryukti, gAthA 447 64. "evaM ca vRddhavAdaH -- kayAcidAryayA'sahiSNuH kuragaDukaprAyaH saMyatazcAturmAsikAdAvupavAsaM kAritaH, sa tadArAdhanayA mRta eva, RSighAtikA'hamityudvignA sA tIrthaMkaraM pRcchAmIti guNAvarjitadevatayA nItA zrIsImandharasvAmisamIpaM pRSTo bhagavAna, aduSTacittA'ghAtiketyabhidhAya bhagavatemAM cUDAM grAhiteti / " - dazavaikAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, patra 278-279

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* 200 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 65. dazavaikAlika : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha 52 66. "sirio pabvaito abbhattaTeNaM kAlagato mahAvidehe ya pucchikA gatA ajA do vi ajjhayaNANi bhAvaNA vimottI ya aannitaanni|" -AvazyakacUrNi, pRSTha 188 67. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, jaina Agama granthamAlA, graMthAka 15, pRSTha 81 68. dazavaikAlikasUtra mUla, prakAzaka-Agama anuyoga TrasTa, ahamadAbAda 13, pRSTha 5 69. bhUmikA, pRSTha 28-29, prakAzaka-jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 70. AcArAMga 1/6/2/181 71. mImAMsAdarzana 1/1/2 72. manusmRti 2/1 73. mahAbhArata, karNa parva 69/59 74. amolakasUktiratnAkara, pRSTha 27 75. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 478 76. abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, khaNDa 4, pRSTha 2669 77. "yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dhrmH| -vaizeSikadarzana 1/1/2 78. (ka) dazavaikAlika 1/1 (kha) yogazAstra 4/100 79. dhammapada 4/6 "yathAmadhu samAdatte, rakSan puSpANi SaTpadaH / tadvadarthAn manuSyebhya, AdadyAd avihiNsyaa||" -mahAbhArata, udyoga parva 34/17 "dhiratyu taM visaM vantaM, yamahaM jiivitkaarnnaa| vantaM paccAvamissAmi, matamme jIvitA vrN||" -jAtaka, prathama khaNDa, pRSTha 404 "saccappavAyapuvvA nijUDhA, hoi vakkasuddhI u| avasesA nijUDhA,navamassa u tiyvtthuuo||" -niyukti, gAthA 17 83. "eesi mahaMtANaM paDivakkhe khuDDayA hoti|" -vahI, gAthA 178 84. "sarvametat pUrvoktacatuHpaJcAzadbhedabhinnamauddezikatAdikaM yadanantaramuktaM tat sarvamanAcaritaM jnyaatvym|" -dIpikA (dazavaikAlika), pRSTha 7 85. "tiNhamannayarAgassa, nisejjA jassa kppi| jarAe abhibhUyassa, vAhiyassa tvssinno||" -dazavaikAlika 6/59 86. vinayapiTaka, pRSTha 27, anu. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pra. mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha (banArasa) 87. vinayapiTaka, pRSTha 418 88. vinayapiTaka, pRSTha 204-208 89. vinayapiTaka, pRSTha 211

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 201 * -. - . - . - . - . - . -. - . - . -. 21pUjA 90. vinayapiTaka, pRSTha 211 91. vinayapiTaka, pRSTha 57 92. dIghanikAya, pRSTha 3 93. manusmRti 2/177-179 94. "aJjanAbhyaJjanonmardastryavalekhAmiSaM mdhu| sugandhalepAlaMkArAMstyajeyurye dhRtvrtaaH||" -bhAgavata 7/12/12 95. "kezaromanakhazmazrumalAni vibhRyaadtH| na dhAvedapsu majjeta trikAlaM sthnnddileshyH||" -bhAgavata 11/18/3 96. "nagarI nagarasyeva, rathasyeva rathI sdaa| svazarIrasya medhAvI, kRtyeSvavahito bhvet||" -carakasaMhitA, sUtrasthAna, adhyayana 5/100 97. sUtrakRtAMga 1/9/12/18, 20-21, 23, 29 98. "avasesA nijjUDhA navamassa u tiyvtthuuo|" -niyukti, gAthA 17 99. nizIthacUrNi 3988 100. praznavyAkaraNasUtra 2/2 101. dazavaikAlika 6/14 102. praznavyAkaraNa 9 103. AcArAMga 1/2/5/90 104. vahI 2/5/141, 2/6/1/152 105. praznavyAkaraNasUtra 10 106. (ka) bRhatkalpabhASya, khaNDa 3, 2883-2892 (kha) hisTrI oNpha jaina monAzijma, pRSTha 269-277 107. "jAti-deza-kAla samayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumA mhaavrtm|" -yogadarzana 2/31 108. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva 9/19 109. manusmRti 6/47-48 110. dekhie-dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pANDuraMga vAmana kANe, bhAga 1, pRSTha 413 111. manusmRti 6/53-54 / 112. vinayapiTaka, mahAvagga 1/56 113. suttanipAta 37/27 114. vinayapiTaka, mahAvagga 1/78/2 115. vahI, pAtimokkha parAjika dhamma 2 116. saMyuktanikAya 9/14 117. vinayapiTaka, pAtimokkha saMghAdi sesa dhamma 2

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202 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 118. dIghanikAya 2/3 119. vinayapiTaka, pAtimokkha pAcitiya dhamma 30 120. suttanipAta 26/22 121 . vahI 53 / 7, 9 122. majjhimanikAya, abhayarAjasutta 123. vinayapiTaka, pAtimokkha pAcitiya dhamma 1-2 124. saMyuktanikAya 42/1 125. vinayapiTaka, mahAvagga 1 / 56; cUllavagga 12 / 1 pAtimokkha - nisagga pAcitiya 18 126. buddhijma iTsa kanekzana vida brAhmaNijma eNDa hindUijma, pRSTha 81/82 -moniyara viliyamsa caukhambA, vArANasI, 1964 I. 127. "jIvAjIvAbhigamo, AyAro ceva dhammapannattI / tatto carittadhammo, caraNe dhamme a egaTThA // " 128. "AyappavAyapuvvA, nivvUDhA hoi dhammapannattI / " 129. AcArAMga 130. piNDaniryukti, gAthA 6 131 (ka) AyAracUlA 1/141-147 (kha) sthAnAMga 7 / 545 vRtti, patra 386 (ga) pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 739-742 132. dazavaikAlika 5/1/27, 5/1/56 133. vahI 5/1/25 134. vahI 5/1/39 135. vahI 5/1/47 136. "NavakoDi parisuddhe bhikkhe paNNatte 137. uttarAdhyayana 2/28 138. sthAnAMga 9/62 139. nizItha, uddezaka 12 140. AcAracUlA 1/21 141. bhagavatI 7/1 142. dazavaikAlika, adhyayana 5 - dazavaikAlikaniryukti 4/233 -vahI 1/16 143. uttarAdhyayana 26 / 33 144. "dhammassa phalaM mokkho, sAsayamaulaM sivaM aNAvAhaM / tamabhippeyA 'sAhU, tamhA dhammatthakAma tti // " - sthAnAMga 9 / 3 - dazavaikAlikaniryukti 265

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dazavaikAlikasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 203 145. "je niggaMthe taruNe jugavaM balavaM appAyaMke thirasaMghayaNe se egaM vattha dhArijjA no vIyaM / " - AyAracUlA 5/2 146. "egayA'celae hoI, sacele Avi egayA / eyaM dhammahiyaM naccA, nANI no parideva // " - uttarAdhyayana 2 / 13 147. "uvAikkaMte khalu hemaMte gimhe paDivanne ahAparijunnAI vatthAiM pariTThavijjA, aduvA omacele aduvA egasAr3e aduvA acele / " - AcArAMga 8/50-53 148. "piNDaH zayyA vastraiSaNAdi, pAtraiSaNAdi yaccAnyat / kalpyAkalpyaM saddharmadeharakSAnimittoktam // " 149. "kicicchuddhaM kalpyamakalpyaM, syAdakalpyamapi kalpyam / piNDaH zayyA vastraM, pAtaM vA bhaiSajAdyaM vA // " 150. "annapAnarajoharaNapAtracIvarAdInAM -vahI 145 ca - tattvArthabhASya 9/5 udgamotpAdanaiSaNAdoSa varjanam - essnnaasmitiH|" 151. "tivihe pariggahe paM. taM. - kammapariggahe, sarIrapariggahe, bAhirabhaMDamattapariggahe / " - sthAnAMga 3 / 95 152. dazavaikAlika 153. vahI 154. vahI 155. dhammapada 363 156. manusmRti 6/46 157. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 109/15 - 19 158. "saccappavAyapuvvA nijjUDhA hoi vakkasuddhI u / " 159. AcArAMga 2/15/1/180 160. sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/1/116 161. dhammapada 360-361 162. zrImadbhagavadgItA 2/61 163. vahI 2/59; 64 164. abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, khaNDa 3, pRSTha 395 165. sthAnAMga 2/2 166. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 2668-2671 167, bhagavatIsUtra 12/5/2 168. dazavaikAlika 8/37 169. vahI 8/38 170. yogazAstra 4/10/18 - prazamarati prakaraNa 138 dharmasAdhanAnAmAzrayasya - dazavaikAlikaniryukti 17

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* 204 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 171. dazavaikAlika 8/39 172. niyamasAra 115 173. yogazAstra 4/23 174. dhammapada 223 175. mahAbhArata, udyogaparva 39/42 176. dhammapada 221-222 177. suttanipAta 6/14 178. vahI 7/1 179. vahI 40/13/1 180. chAndogya-upaniSad 7/26/2 181. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 244/3 182. zrImadbhagavadgItA 16/4 183. vahI 16/18 184. "tamhA u appasatthaM, paNihANaM ujjhiUNa smnnennN| paNihANaMmi pasatthe, bhaNio 'AyArapaNihi' tti||" -dazavaikAlikaniyukti 308 185. dazavaikAlika 8/61 186. "viNao vi tavo tavo vi dhammo, tamhA viNao puNjiyvvo|" / -praznavyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra 3/5 187. sUtrakRtAMga 1/12/1 188. pravacanasAroddhAra saTIka, uttarArddha, patra 344 189. (ka) tattvArtharAjavArtika 8/1, pRSTha 562 (kha) uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRtti, patra 444 190. jJAtAsUtra 5 191. uttarAdhyayana 1/29 192. vahI 1/27 193. vahI 1/9 194. bhagavatI 25/7 195. sthAnAMgasUtra 7/130 196. aupapAtika, tapavarNana 197. "AsAtaNA NAmaM nANAdiAyassa saatnnaa|" -AvazyakacUrNi (AcArya jinadAsagaNI) 198. "asaMvibhAgI na hu tassa mokkho|" . -dazavaikAlika 9/2/22 199. "samAdhAnaM samAdhiH-paramArthataH Atmano hitaM sukhaM svaasthym|" -dazavakAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, patra 256

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dazavakAlikasUtra : eka sA : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 2055 -.-.-.-.-.-"-." -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-...-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. 200. "jaM viNayasamArovaNaM viNayeNa vA jaM guNANa samAdhANaM esa viNayasamAdhI bhvtiiti|" -dazavaikAlika agastyasiMhacUrNi 201. dazavaikAlikaniyukti 17 202. aSTaka prakaraNa 5/1 203. "sarvasampatkarI caikA pauruSaghnI tthaapraa| vRttibhikSA ca tattvajJairiti bhikSA tridhoditaa|" -aSTaka prakaraNa 5/1 204. sUtrakRtAMga 1/16/3 205. abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, khaNDa 4, pRSTha 2161 206. (ka) vahI, khaNDa 6, pRSTha 467 (kha) "yadudayAdviSayAdiSvautsukyaM sA rtiH|" -sarvArthasiddhi 8-9 207. dazavaikAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, patra 280 208. manusmRti 6/89 209. "jyeSThAzramo gRhii|" -mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 23/5 210. "baMdhe gihvaase| mokkhe priyaae||" -dazavaikAlika, cUlikA prathama, 12 211. uttarAdhyayana 24/2, 212. niyamasAra 67 213. uttarAdhyayana 24/23 214. vahI 24/24-25 215. niyamasAra 68 216. suttanipAta 4/3 217. aMguttaranikAya 3/118 218. vahI 3/120 219. dakSasmRti 7/27-31 220. "vAsI-caMdaNakappo, jo maraNe jIvie ya smsnnnno| dehe ya apaDibaddho, kAussaggo havai tss||" -Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1548 221. "so puNa kAussaggo davvato bhAvato ya bhavati, davvato kAyaceTThAniroho, bhAvato kAussaggo jhaannN|" -AvazkacUrNi 222. "kAussaggaM tao kujjA, svvdukkhvimokkhnnN|" -uttarAdhyayana 26/49 223. "sUtrArthayoH parasparaM niyojana sambandhana niyuktiH|" / -Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 83 224. uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 50-51 225. Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol. 12, Page 270

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* 206 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 226. "dazavaikAlikasya ca niyuktizcaturdazapUrvavidA bhadrabAhusvAminA kRtA, tatra piNDaiSaNAbhidhapaJcamAdhyayana niyuktirati-prabhUtagranthatvAt pRthak zAstrAntaramiva vyavasthApitA tasyAzca piNDaniyuktiriti nAmakRtaM ataeva cAdAvatra namaskAro'pi na kRto dazavaikAlikaniyuktyantaragatatvena zeSA tu niyuktirdazavaikAlikaniyuktiriti sthaapitaa|" 227. dazavaikAlika, gAthA 137-148 228. vahI, gAthA 152-157 229. vahI, gAthA 161-163 230. vahI, gAthA, 166-177 231. vahI, gAthA 188-215 232. vahI, gAthA 223-224 233. vahI, gAthA 231 234. vahI, gAthA 234-244 235. vahI, gAthA 250-262 236. vahI, gAthA 269-270, 273-276, 286 237. vahI, gAthA 293-294 238. vahI, gAthA 309-322 239. vahI, gAthA 345-347 240. (ka) "bhASyakRtA punarupanyasta iti|" -dazavakAlika hAribhadrIyA TIkA, pada 64 (kha) "Aha ca bhaassykaarH|" -vahI, pada 120 (ga) "vyAsArthastu bhaassyaadvseyH|" -vahI, pada 128 241. "tAmeva niyuktigAthAM lezato vyAcikhyAsurAha bhaassykaarH| etadapi nityatvAdiprasAdhakamiti niyukti gAthAyAmanupanyastamapyuktaM sUkSmadhiyA bhASyakAreNeti gaathaarthH|" -vahI, pada 132 242. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga 6, Amukha, pRSTha 4 243. vibhASA zabda kA artha dekheM-'zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa', prastAvanA, pRSTha 69 (prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI) 244. "dazavaikAlikaTIkAyAM zrI vijayodayAyAM prapaJcitA udgamAdidoSA iti neha prtnyte|' -bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA, vijayodayA, gAthA 1195 245. dazavaikAlika agastyasiMhacUrNi 2-29, 3-5, 16-9, 25-5, 64-4, 78-29, 81-34, 100-25 Adi 246. "sitAmbarAcAryajinabhaTanigadAnusAriNo vidyAdharakulatilakA cAryajinadattaziSyasya dharmato yAkinImahattarosUnoH alpamateH aacaaryhribhdrsy|" -Avazyakaniyukti, TIkA kA anta

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- - (OYOG anuyogadvArasUtra: eka kamIkSAtmaka adhyayana Yon Crea

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana adhyAtma aura vijJAna atItakAla se hI mAnava-jIvana ke sAtha adhyAtma aura vijJAna kA atyanta gaharA sambandha rahA hai| ye donoM satya ke antastala ko samudghATita karane vAlI divya aura bhavya dRSTiyA~ haiN| adhyAtma AtmA kA vijJAna hai| vaha AtmA ke zuddha aura azuddha svarUpa kA, baMdha aura mokSa kA, zubha aura azubha pariNatiyoM kA, hrAsa aura vikAsa kA gambhIra va gahana vizleSaNa hai to vijJAna bhautika prakRti kI guru gambhIra granthiyoM ko sulajhAne kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| usane mAnava ke tana, mana aura indriyoM ke saMrakSaNa va saMpoSaNa ke lie vividha AyAma upasthita kie haiN| jIvana kI akhaNDa sattA ke sAtha donoM kA madhura sambandha hai| adhyAtma jIvana kI antaraMga dhArA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai to vijJAna bahiraMga dhArA kA netRtva karatA hai| adhyAtma kA viSaya hai-jIvana ke antaHkaraNa, antazcaitanya evaM Atma-tattva kA vivecana va vizleSaNa krnaa| AtmA ke vizodhana va UrcIkaraNa karane kI prakriyA prastuta krnaa| jIva aura jagat, AtmA aura paramAtmA, vyakti aura samAja prabhRti ke zAzvata tathyaparaka satya kA digdarzana krnaa| jabaki vijJAna kA kSetra hai prakRti ke aNu se lekara brahmANDa taka kA prayogAtmaka anusandhAna krnaa| adhyAtma yoga hai to vijJAna prayoga hai| adhyAtma mana, vacana aura kAyA kI prazasta zaktiyoM ko kendrita kara mAnava-cetanA ko vikasita karane vAlI nirbhaya aura nirdvandva banAne kI divya va bhavya dRSTi pradAna karatA hai| vaha viveka ke tRtIya netra ko udghATita kara kAma aura vikAroM ko bhasma karatA hai| jabaki vijJAna nitya naI bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM ko samupalabdha karAne meM apUrva sahayoga detA hai| vijJAna ke phalasvarUpa hI mAnava ananta AkAza meM pakSiyoM kI bhA~ti ur3AneM bharane lagA hai, machaliyoM kI bhA~ti ananta sAgara kI gaharAI se jAne lagA hai aura pRthvI para drutagAmI sAdhanoM se gamana karane lagA hai| vidyut ke divya camatkAroM se kauna camatkRta nahIM hai !

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210 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana adhyAtma antarmukha hai to vijJAna bahirmukha hai / adhyAtma antaraMga jIvana ko sajAtA hai, sa~vAratA hai to vijJAna bahiraMga jIvana ko vikasita karatA hai| bahiraMga jIvana meM kisI bhI prakAra kI vizRMkhalatA nahIM Aye, dvandva samutpanna na hoM, isalie antaraMga dRSTi kI AvazyakatA hai evaM antaraMga jIvana ko samAdhiyukta banAne ke lie bahiraMga kA sahayoga bhI apekSita hai| binA bahiraMga sahayoga ke antaraMga jIvana vikasita nahIM ho sakatA / mUlataH adhyAtma aura vijJAna paraspara virodhI nahIM haiM / unameM kisI prakAra kA virodha aura dvandva nahIM hai / ve eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, jIvana kI akhaNDatA ke lie donoM kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai| adhyAtma kA pratinidhi Agama jaina Agama AdhyAtmika jIvana kA pratinidhitva karane vAle cintana kA adbhuta va anUThA saMgraha hai, saMkalana hai / Agama zabda bahuta hI pavitra aura vyApaka arthagarimA ko apane Apa meM sameTe hue hai| sthUla dRSTi se bhale hI Agama aura grantha paryAyavAcI zabda rahe hoM para donoM meM gaharA antara hai | Agama 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' kI sAkSAt anubhUti kI abhivyakti hai / vaha ananta satya ke draSTA, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, vItarAga tIrthaMkaroM kI vimala vANI kA saMkalana - Akalana hai| jabaki granthoM va pustakoM ke lie yaha nizcita niyama nahIM hai / vaha rAga-dveSa ke daladala meM pha~se hue viSaya kaSAya kI Aga meM jhulasate hue, vikAra aura vAsanAoM se saMtrasta vyakti ke vicAroM kA saMgraha bhI ho sakatA hai| usameM kamanIya kalpanA kI U~cI ur3Ana bhI ho sakatI hai para vaha kevala vANI kA vilAsa hai, zabdoM kA ADambara hai, kintu usameM antaraMga kI gaharAI nahIM hai / jaina Agama meM satya kA sAkSAt darzana hai jo akhaNDa hai, sampUrNa va samagra mAnava-cetanA ko saMsparza karatA hai / satya ke sAtha ziva kA madhura sambandha hone se vaha sundara hI nahIM, atisundara hai / vaha ArSa vANI tIrthaMkara yA RSiyoM kI vANI hai / yAska ne RSi kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai - "jo satya kA sAkSAt draSTA hai, vaha RSi hai / " 1 pratyeka sAdhaka RSi nahIM bana sakatA, RSi vaha hai jisane tIkSNa prajJA, tarkazuddha jJAna se satya kI spaSTa anubhUti kI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vedoM meM RSi ko maMtradraSTA kahA hai| maMtradraSTA kA artha hai - sAkSAt satyAnubhUti para AdhRta zivatva kA pratipAdana karane vAlA sarvathA maulika jJAna / vaha AtmA para AI huI vibhAva pariNatiyoM ke kAluSya ko dUra kara kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana

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__ anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 211 se sva-svarUpa ko Alokita karatA hai| jo yathArtha satya kA parijJAna karA sakatA hai, AtmA kA pUrNatayA paribodha karA sake, jisase AtmA para anuzAsana kiyA jA sake, vaha Agama hai| use dUsare zabdoM meM zAstra aura sUtra bhI kaha sakate haiN| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM likhA hai-jisake dvArA yathArtha satya rUpa jJeya kA, AtmA kA paribodha ho evaM AtmA kA anuzAsana kiyA jA sake, vaha zAstra hai|3 zAstra zabda zAs dhAtu se nirmita huA hai, jisakA artha hai-zAsana, zikSaNa aura udbodhn| jisa tattvajJAna se AtmA anuzAsita ho, ubuddha ho, vaha zAstra hai; jisase AtmA jAgRta hokara tapa, kSamA evaM ahiMsA kI sAdhanA meM pravRtta hotI hai, vaha zAstra hai aura jo kevala gaNadhara, pratyekabuddha, zrutakevalI aura abhinna dazapUrvI ke dvArA kahA gayA hai, vaha sUtra hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jo grantha pramANa se alpa artha kI apekSA mahAn battIsa doSoM se rahita, lakSaNa tathA ATha guNoM se sampanna hotA huA sAravAn anuyogoM se sahita, vyAkaraNavihita, nipAtoM se rahita, aniMdya aura sarvajJa kathita hai, vaha sUtra hai| isa sandarbha meM yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki Agama kaho, zAstra kaho yA sUtra kaho, sabhI kA eka hI prayojana hai| ve prANiyoM ke antarmAnasa ko vizuddha banAte haiN| isalie AcArya haribhadra ne kahA-jaise jala vastra kI malinatA kA prakSAlana karake usako ujjvala banA detA hai, vaise hI zAstra bhI mAnava ke antaHkaraNa meM sthita kAma, krodha Adi kAluSya kA prakSAlana karake use pavitra aura nirmala banA detA hai| jisase AtmA kA samyaka bodha ho, AtmA ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapaHsAdhanA ke dvArA pavitratA kI ora gati kare, vaha tattvajJAna zAstra hai, Agama hai| __ Agama bhAratIya sAhitya kI mUlyavAna nidhi hai| DaoN. haramana jaikobI, DaoN. zuliMga prabhRti aneka pAzcAtya mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne jaina Agama-sAhitya kA talasparzI adhyayana kara isa satya-tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki vizva ko ahiMsA, aparigraha, anekAntavAda ke dvArA sarvadharma-samanvaya kA punIta pATha par3hAne vAlA yaha sarvazreSThatama sAhitya hai| Agama-sAhitya bahuta hI virATa aura vyApaka hai| samaya-samaya para usake vargIkaraNa kiye gae haiN| prathama vargIkaraNa pUrva aura aMga ke rUpa meM huaa| dvitIya vargIkaraNa aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM kiyA gyaa| tRtIya

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* 212 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana vargIkaraNa AryarakSita ne anuyogoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| unhoMne sampUrNa Agama-sAhitya ko cAra anuyogoM meM bA~TA hai| __ anuyoga zabda para cintana karate hue prAcIna sAhitya meM likhA hai"annuoynnmnnuyogo|"-anuyojn ko anuyoga kahA hai|10 'anuyojana' yahA~ para jor3ane va saMyukta karane ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai| jisase eka-dUsare ko sambandhita kiyA jA ske| isI artha ko spaSTa karate hue TIkAkAra ne likhA hai-jo bhagavat kathana se saMyojita karatA hai, vaha 'anuyoga' hai| abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa meM likhA hai-laghu sUtra ke sAtha mahAn artha kA yoga karanA anuyoga hai|12 anuyoga zabda : eka cintana anuyoga zabda 'anu' aura 'yoga' ke saMyoga se nirmita huA hai| anu upasarga hai| yaha anukUla arthavAcaka hai| sUtra ke sAtha anukUla, anurUpa yA susaMgata saMyoga anuyoga hai| bRhatkalpa13 meM likhA hai ki anu kA artha pazcAdbhAva yA stoka hai| usa dRSTi se artha ke pazcAt jAyamAna yA stoka sUtra ke sAtha jo yoga hai, vaha anuyoga hai| AcArya malayagiri14 ke anusAra artha ke sAtha sUtra kI jo anukUla yojanA kI jAtI hai, usakA nAma anuyoga hai| athavA sUtra kA apane abhidheya meM jo yoga hotA hai, vaha anuyoga hai| yahI bAta AcArya haribhadra,15 AcArya abhayadeva,16 AcArya zAnticanda17 ne likhI hai| AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kA bhI yahI abhimata hai|8 jaina Agama-sAhitya meM anuyoga ke vividha bheda-prabheda haiN| nandI meM AcArya devavAcaka ne anuyoga ke do vibhAga kiye haiN| vahA~ para dRSTivAda ke parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata, anuyoga aura cUlikA ye pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiN|19 usameM 'anuyoga' caturtha hai| anuyoga ke 'mUla prathamAnuyoga' aura 'gaNDikAnuyoga' ye do bheda kie gae haiN|20 mUla prathamAnuyoga kyA hai ? isa prazna para cintana karate hue AcArya ne kahA"mUla prathamAnuyoga meM arhat bhagavAna ko samyaktva-prApti ke bhava se pUrvabhava, devalokagamana, AyuSya, cyavana, janma, abhiSeka, rAjyazrI, pravrajyA, tapa, kevalajJAna kI utpatti, tIrtha-pravartana, ziSya-samudAya, gaNa-gaNadhara, AryikAe~, pravartinI, caturvidha saMgha kA parimANa, sAmAnya kevalI, manaHparyavajJAnI, avadhijJAnI, samyak zrutajJAnI, vAdI, anuttara vimAna meM gaye hue muni,

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-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.uttaravaikriyaMdhArI muni, siddha avasthA prApta muni, pAdapopagamana anazana ko prApta kara jo jisa sthAna para jitane bhakta kA anazana kara antakRt hue| ajJAna-raja se vipramukta ho jo munivara anuttara siddhi mArga ko prApta hue unakA varNana hai| isake atirikta inhIM prakAra ke anya bhAva, jo anuyoga meM kathita haiM, vaha 'prathamAnuyoga' hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kaha sakate haiM- "prathamAnuyoga meM samyaktva-prApti se lekara tIrtha-pravartana aura mokSagamana taka kA varNana hai|"21 / dUsarA gaNDikAnuyoga hai| gaNDikA kA artha hai-samAna vaktavyatA se arthAdhikAra kA anusaraNa karane vAlI vAkya-paddhati; aura anuyoga arthAt artha prakaTa karane kI vidhi| AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai-ikSu ke madhya bhAga kI gaNDikA sadRza ekArtha kA adhikAra yAni grnth-pddhti| gaNDikAnuyoga ke aneka prakAra haiM-22 (1) kulakara gaNDikAnuyoga-vimalavAhana Adi kulakaroM kI jiivniyaaN| (2) tIrthaMkara gaNDikAnuyoga-tIrthaMkara prabhu kI jiivniyaaN| (3) gaNadhara gaNDikAnuyoga-gaNadharoM kI jiivniyaaN| (4) cakravartI gaNDikAnuyoga-bharatAdi cakravartI rAjAoM kI jiivniyaaN| (5) dazArha gaNDikAnuyoga-samudravijaya Adi dazA) kI jiivniyaaN| (6) baladeva gaNDikAnuyoga-rAma Adi baladevoM kI jiivniyaaN| (7) vAsudeva gaNDikAnuyoga-kRSNa Adi vAsudevoM kI jiivniyaaN| (8) harivaMza gaNDikAnuyoga-harivaMza meM utpanna mahApuruSoM kI jiivniyaaN| (9) bhadrabAhu gaNDikAnuyoga-bhadrabAhu svAmI kI jiivnii| (10) tapaHkarma gaNDikAnuyoga-tapasyA ke vividha rUpoM kA vrnnn| (11) citrAntara gaNDikAnuyoga-bhagavAna RSabha tathA ajita ke antara samaya meM unake vaMza ke siddha yA sarvArthasiddha meM gaye haiM, unakA vrnnn| (12) utsarpiNI gaNDikAnuyoga-utsarpiNI kAla kA vistRta vrnnn| (13) avasarpiNI gaNDikAnuyoga-avasarpiNI kAla kA vistRta vrnnn| deva, mAnava, tiryaMca aura naraka gati meM gamana karanA, vividha prakAra se paryaTana karanA Adi kA anuyoga 'gaNDikAnuyoga' meM hai| jaise-vaidika paramparA meM viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA varNana purANa-sAhitya meM huA hai, vaise hI jaina paramparA

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* 214 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -.-.-.-. meM mahApuruSoM kA varNana gaNDikAnuyoga meM huA hai| gaNDikAnuyoga kI racanA samaya-samaya para mUrdhanya manISI tathA AcAryoM ne kii| paMcakalpacUrNi23 ke anusAra kAlakAcArya ne gaNDikAe~ racI thIM, para una gaNDikAoM ko saMgha ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| AcArya ne saMgha se nivedana kiyA-merI gaNDikAe~ kyoM svIkRta nahIM kI gaI haiM ? una gaNDikAoM meM rahI huI truTiyA~ batAyI jAyeM, jisase unakA pariSkAra kiyA jA ske| saMgha ke bahuzruta AcAryoM ne una gaNDikAoM kA gaharAI se adhyayana kiyA aura unhoMne una para prAmANikatA kI mudrA lagA dii| isase yaha spaSTa hai-kAlakAcArya-jaise prakRSTa pratibhA sampanna AcArya kI gaNDikAe~ bhI saMgha dvArA svIkRta hone para hI mAnya kI jAtI thiiN| isase gaNDikAoM kI prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai| anuyoga kA artha vyAkhyA hai| vyAkhyeya vastu ke AdhAra para anuyoga ke cAra vibhAga kiye gaye haiM-caraNakaraNAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga aura drvyaanuyog|24 digambara paramparA ke grantha dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA25 meM, paMcAstikAya26 meM, tattvArthavRtti27 meM ina anuyogoM ke nAma isa prakAra milate haiM-prathamAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga aura drvyaanuyog| zvetAmbara aura digambara granthoM meM nAma aura karma meM kucha antara avazya hai para bhAva sabhI kA eka-sA hai| cAra bheda zvetAmbara dRSTi se sarvaprathama caraNAnuyoga hai|28 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM AcArya samantabhadra29 ne caraNAnuyoga kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai-gRhastha aura muniyoM ke cAritra kI utpatti, vRddhi aura rakSA ke vidhAna karane vAle anuyoga ko caraNAnuyoga kahate haiN| dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA meM likhA haiupAsakAdhyayana Adi meM zrAvaka kA dharma aura mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi meM yati kA dharma jahA~ mukhyatA se kahA gayA hai, vaha caraNAnuyoga hai|30 bRhadravyasaMgraha, anagAradharmAmRta31 TIkA Adi meM bhI caraNAnuyoga kI paribhASA isI prakAra milatI hai| AcAra-sambandhI sAhitya caraNAnuyoga meM AtA hai| jinadAsagaNI mahattara32 ne dharmakathAnuyoga kI paribhASA karate hue likhA hai-sarvajJokta ahiMsA Adi svarUpa dharma kA jo kathana kiyA jAtA hai athavA anuyoga ke vicAra se jo dharma-sambandhI kathA kahI jAtI hai, vaha dharmakathA hai|

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *215 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.AcArya haribhadra33 ne bhI anuyogadvAra kI TIkA meM ahiMsA lakSaNayukta dharma kA jo AkhyAna hai, use dharmakathA kahA hai| mahAkavi puSpadanta34 ne bhI likhA haijo abhyudaya, niHzreyas kI saMsiddhi karatA hai aura saddharma se jo nibaddha hai, vaha saddharmakathA hai| dharmakathAnuyoga ko hI digambara paramparA meM prathamAnuyoga kahA hai| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra35 meM likhA hai-dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kA paramArthajJAna samyagjJAna hai, jisameM eka puruSa yA triSaSTi zlAghanIya puruSoM ke pavitra caritra meM ratnatraya aura dhyAna kA nirUpaNa hai, vaha prathamAnuyoga hai| __gaNitAnuyoga gaNita ke mAdhyama se jahA~ viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai, digambara paramparA meM isake sthAna para karaNAnuyoga yaha nAma pracalita hai| karaNAnuyoga kA artha hai-loka-aloka ke vibhAga ko, yugoM ke parivartana ko tathA cAroM gatiyoM ko darpaNa ke sadRza prakaTa karane vAle samyak jJAna ko karaNAnuyoga kahate haiN|36 karaNa zabda ke do artha haiM-(1) pariNAma, aura (2) gaNita ke suutr| dravyAnuyoga-jo zrutajJAna ke prakAza meM jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa aura bandha-mokSa Adi tattvoM ko dIpaka ke sadRza prakaTa karatA hai, vaha dravyAnuyoga hai|37 jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM likhA hai38-dravya kA dravya meM, dravya ke dvArA athavA dravyahetuka jo anuyoga hotA hai, usakA nAma dravyAnayoga hai| isake atirikta dravya kA paryAya ke sAtha athavA dravya kA dravya ke hI sAtha jo yoga (sambandha) hotA hai, vaha bhI dravyAnuyoga hai| isI taraha bahuvacana-dravyoM kA dravyoM meM bhI samajhanA caahie| Agama-sAhitya meM kahIM saMkSepa se aura kahIM vistAra se ina anuyogoM kA varNana hai| Arya vajra taka AgamoM meM anuyogAtmaka dRSTi se pRthaktA nahIM thii| pratyeka sUtra kI cAroM anuyogoM dvArA vyAkhyA kI jAtI thii| AcArya bhadrabAhu39 ne isa sambandha meM likhA hai-kAlikazruta anuyogAtmaka vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se apRthak the| dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kaha sakate haiM-unameM caraNakaraNAnuyoga prabhRti anuyoga catuSTaya ke rUpa meM avibhaktatA thii| Arya vajra ke pazcAt kAlikasUtra aura dRSTivAda kI anuyogAtmaka pRthaktA (vibhaktatA) kI gii| ___ AcArya malayagiri40 ne prastuta viSaya ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai-Arya vajra taka zramaNa tIkSNa buddhi ke dhanI the, ataH anuyoga kI dRSTi se avibhakta rUpa se vyAkhyA pracalita thii| pratyeka sUtra meM caraNakaraNAnuyoga Adi kA

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* 216 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana avibhAgapUrvaka vartana thaa| mukhyatA kI dRSTi se niyuktikAra ne yahA~ para kAlikazruta ko grahaNa kiyA hai anyathA anuyogoM kA kAlika-utkAlika Adi sabhI meM avibhAga thaa|1 ___ jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne isa sambandha meM vizleSaNa karate hue likhA haiArya vajra taka jaba anuyoga apRthak the taba eka hI sUtra kI cAroM anuyogoM ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA hotI thii| ___ anuyogoM kA vibhAga kara diyA jAya, unakI pRthak-pRthak chaMTanI kara dI jAya to vahA~ usa sUtra meM cAroM anuyoga vyavacchinna ho jaayeNge| ina prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue bhASyakAra ne likhA hai-jahA~ kisI eka sUtra kI vyAkhyA cAroM anuyogoM meM hotI thI, vahA~ cAroM meM se amuka anuyoga ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA karane kA yahA~ para abhiprAya hai| Arya rakSita se pUrva apRthaktvAnuyoga pracalita thA, usameM pratyeka sUtra kI vyAkhyA caraNa-karaNa, dharma, gaNita aura dravya kI dRSTi se kI jAtI thii| yaha vyAkhyA-paddhati bahuta hI kliSTa aura smRti kI tIkSNatA para avalambita thii| Arya rakSita ke (1) durbalikA puSyamitra, (2) phalgurakSita, (3) vindhya, aura (4) goSThAmAhila ye cAra pramukha ziSya the| vindhya muni mahAn pratibhA sampanna zIghragrAhI manISA ke dhanI the| Arya rakSita ziSya-maNDalI ko Agama vAcanA dete, use vindhya muni usI kSaNa grahaNa kara lete the| ataH unake pAsa agrima adhyayana ke lie bahuta-sA samaya avaziSTa rhtaa| unhoMne Arya rakSita se prArthanA kI-"mere lie adhyayana kI pRthak vyavasthA kreN|" AcArya ne prastuta mahanIya kArya ke lie mahAmedhAvI durbalikA puSyamitra ko niyukta kiyaa| adhyApanarata durbalikA puSyamitra ne kucha samaya ke pazcAt Arya rakSita se nivedana kiyA"Arya vindhya ko Agama vAcanA dene se mere paThita pATha ke punarAvartana meM bAdhA upasthita hotI hai| isa prakAra kI vyavasthA se merI adhIta pUrvajJAna kI rAzi vismRta ho jaayegii|" Arya rakSita ne socA-'mahAmedhAvI ziSya kI bhI yaha sthiti hai to Agama jJAna kA surakSita rahanA bahuta hI kaThina hai|' dUradarzI Arya rakSita ne gambhIratA se cintana kara jaTila vyavasthA ko sarala banAne hetu Agama adhyayana krama ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyaa|2 - yaha mahattvapUrNa kArya dazapura meM vIra nirmANa saMvat 592, vikrama saMvat 122 ke AsapAsa sampanna huA thaa| yaha vargIkaraNa viSaya sAdRzya kI dRSTi se

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 217 kiyA gayA hai| prastuta vargIkaraNa karane ke bAvajUda bhI yaha bheda - rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sakatI ki anya AgamoM meM anya anuyogoM kA varNana nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM dharmakathA ke atirikta dArzanika tathya bhI paryApta mAtrA meM hai| bhagavatIsUtra to aneka viSayoM kA virAT sAgara hai| AcArAMga Adi meM bhI aneka viSayoM kI carcAe~ haiN| kucha AgamoM ko chor3akara anya AgamoM meM cAroM anuyogoM kA sammizraNa hai| yaha jo vargIkaraNa huA hai vaha sthUla dRSTi ko lekara huA hai| vyAkhyA -krama kI dRSTi se yaha vargIkaraNa apRthaktvAnuyoga aura pRthaktvAnuyoga ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai| hama yahA~ para caraNakaraNAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga aura dharmakathAnuyoga para cintana na kara kevala anuyogadvArasUtra para cintana kreNge| mUla AgamoM meM nandI ke pazcAt anuyogadvAra kA nAma AtA hai| nandI aura anuyogadvAra ye donoM Agama cUlikA ke sUtra ke nAma se pahacAne jAte haiM / cUlikA zabda kA prayoga una adhyayanoM yA granthoM ke lie hotA hai jinameM avaziSTa viSayoM kA varNana yA varNita viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA ho / dazavaikAlika aura mahAnizItha ke anta meM bhI cUlikAe - cUlAe-cUr3Ae prApta hotI hai| cUlikAoM ko vartamAna yuga kI bhASA meM grantha kA pariziSTa kaha sakate haiM / nandI aura anuyogadvAra bhI Agama sAhitya ke adhyayana ke lie pariziSTa kA kArya karate haiN| jaise pA~ca jJAnarUpa nandI maMgalasvarUpa hai vaise hI anuyogadvArasUtra bhI samagra AgamoM ko aura usakI vyAkhyAoM ko samajhane meM kuMjI sadRza hai| ye donoM Agama eka-dUsare ke paripUraka haiN| AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa meM inakA sthAna cUlikA meM hai / jaise bhavya mandira zikhara se adhika zobhA pAtA hai vaise hI Agama mandira bhI nandI aura anuyogadvAra rUpa zikhara se adhika jagamagAtA hai| - hama pUrva paMktiyoM meM yaha batA cuke haiM- anuyoga kA artha vyAkhyA yA vivecana hai / bhadrabAhu svAmI ne Avazyakaniryukti meM anuyoga ke anuyoga niyoga, bhASA - vibhASA aura vArtika ye paryAya batAye haiM / 43 jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya44 meM, saMghadAsagaNI ne bRhatkalpabhASya 45 meM ina sabhI paryAyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki jo paryAya diye gaye haiM, ve sabhI paryAya pUrNa rUpa se ekArthaka nahIM haiM, kintu anuyogadvAra ke jo vividha prakAra haiM, unheM hI paryAya likhane meM AyA hai / 46

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* 218 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana Agama-prabhAvaka zrI puNyavijaya jI ma. ne apanI anuyogadvAra kI vistRta prastAvanA meM aMga-sAhitya meM anuyoga kI carcA kahA~-kahA~ para AI hai, isa para pramANa purassara prakAza DAlA hai| saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya sUtra kI jo vyAkhyA-paddhati thI usI vyAkhyA-paddhati kA vikasita aura paripakva rUpa hameM anuyogadvArasUtra meM sahaja rUpa se nihArane ko milatA hai| usake pazcAt likhe gaye jaina AgamoM ke vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM anuyogadvAra kI zailI apanAI gii| zvetAmbara granthoM meM hI nahIM digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI isa zailI ke sundara saMdarzana hote haiN| anuyogadvAra meM dravyAnuyoga kI pradhAnatA hai| usameM cAra dvAra haiM, 1,899 zloka-pramANa upalabdha mUla pATha haiM, 152 gadya-sUtra haiM aura 143 padya-sUtra haiN| Avazyaka varNana anuyogadvAra meM prathama paMcajJAna se maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt Avazyaka-anuyoga kA ullekha hai| isase pAThaka ko sahaja hI yaha anumAna hotA hai ki isameM AvazyakasUtra kI vyAkhyA hogI, para aisA nahIM hai| isameM anuyoga ke dvAra arthAt vyAkhyAoM ke dvAra upakrama Adi kA hI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vivecana yA vyAkhyA-paddhati kaisI honI cAhie, yaha batAne ke lie Avazyaka ko dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta sUtra meM kevala Avazyaka, zruta, skandha, adhyayana nAmaka grantha kI vyAkhyA, usake chaha adhyayanoM meM piNDArtha (arthAdhikAra kA nirdeza), unake nAma aura sAmAyika zabda kI vyAkhyA dI hai| AvazyakasUtra ke padoM kI vyAkhyA nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki anuyogadvAra mukhya rUpa se anuyoga kI vyAkhyAoM ke dvAroM kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA grantha hai-AvazyakasUtra kI vyAkhyA karane vAlA nhiiN| Agama-sAhitya meM aMgoM ke pazcAt sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa sthAna AvazyakasUtra ko diyA gayA hai, kyoMki prastuta sUtra meM nirUpita sAmAyika se hI zramaNa-jIvana kA prArambha hotA hai| pratidina prAtaH sandhyA ke samaya zramaNa-jIvana kI jo Avazyaka kriyA hai isakI zuddhi aura ArAdhanA kA nirUpaNa isameM hai| ataH aMgoM ke adhyayana se pUrva Avazyaka kA adhyayana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| etadartha hI Avazyaka kI vyAkhyA karane kI pratijJA prastuta sUtra meM kI hai| vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM bhale hI sampUrNa grantha kI vyAkhyA na ho, kevala grantha ke nAma ke padoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI ho, tathApi vyAkhyA kI

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 219 * jisa paddhati ko isameM apanAyA gayA hai vahI paddhati sampUrNa AgamoM kI vyAkhyA meM bhI apanAI gaI hai| yadi yaha kaha diyA jAya ki Avazyaka kI vyAkhyA ke bahAne se granthakAra ne sampUrNa AgamoM ke rahasyoM ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai to atizayokti nahIM hogii| ___ Agama ke prArambha meM Abhinibodhika Adi pA~ca jJAnoM kA nirdeza karake zrutajJAna kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kyoMki zrutajJAna kA uddeza (par3hane kI AjJA), samuddeza (par3he hue kA sthirIkaraNa), anujJA (anya ko par3hAne kI AjJA) evaM anuyoga (vistAra se vyAkhyAna) hotA hai; jabaki zeSa cAra jJAnoM kA nahIM hotaa| aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke uddezAdi hote haiM vaise hI kAlika, utkAlika aura AvazyakasUtra ke bhI hote haiN| sarvaprathama yaha cintana kiyA gayA hai ki Avazyaka eka aMgarUpa hai yA aneka aMgarUpa? eka zrutaskandha hai yA aneka zrutaskandha? eka adhyayanarUpa hai yA aneka adhyayanarUpa? eka uddezanarUpa hai yA aneka uddezanarUpa? samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki Avazyaka na eka aMgarUpa hai, na aneka aMgarUpa, vaha eka zrutaskandha hai aura aneka adhyayanarUpa hai| usameM na eka uddeza hai na anek| Avazyaka zrutaskandhAdhyayana kA svarUpa spaSTa karane ke lie Avazyaka, zruta, skandha aura adhyayana ina cAroM kA pRthak-pRthak nikSepa kiyA gayA hai| Avazyaka nikSepa cAra prakAra kA hai-nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhaav| kisI kA bhI Avazyaka yaha nAma rakha denA nAma-Avazyaka hai| kisI vastu kI Avazyaka ke rUpa meM sthApanA karane kA nAma sthApanA-Avazyaka hai| sthApanA-Avazyaka ke cAlIsa prakAra haiM-kASThakarmajanya, citrakarmajanya, vastrakarmajanya, lepyakarmajanya, graMthikarmajanya, veSTakarmajanya, pUrikarmajanya (dhAtu Adi ko pighalAkara sA~ce meM DhAlanA), saMghAtikarmajanya (vastrAdi ke Tukar3e jor3anA), akSakarmajanya (pAsA) aura varATakakarmajanya (kaudd'ii)| inase pratyeka ke do bheda haiM-eka rUpa aura aneka ruup| punaH sadbhAva-sthApanA aura asadbhAva-sthApanA rUpa do bheda haiN| isa taraha sthApanA-Avazyaka ke cAlIsa bheda hote haiN| dravya-Avazyaka ke AgamataH aura noAgamataH ye do bheda haiN| Avazyakapada smaraNa kara lenA aura usakA nirdoSa uccAraNAdi karanA AgamataH dravya-Avazyaka hai| isakA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie saptanaya kI dRSTi se

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* 220 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana dravyAvazyaka para cintana kiyA hai| noAgamataH dravyAvazyaka kA tIna dRSTiyoM se cintana kiyA gayA hai| ve dRSTiyA~ haiM-jJazarIra, bhavyazarIra aura tdvytirikt| Avazyakapada ke artha ko jAnane vAle vyakti ke prANarahita zarIra ko jJazarIra dravyAvazyaka kahate haiN| jaise madhu yA ghRta se rikta hue ghaTa ko bhI madhupaTa yA ghRtaghaTa kahate haiM, kyoMki pahale usameM madhu yA ghRta thaa| vaise hI Avazyakapada kA artha jAnane vAlA cetana tattva, abhI nahIM hai tathApi usakA zarIra hai; bhUtakAlIna sambandha ke kAraNa vaha jJazarIra dravyAvazyaka kahalAtA hai| jo jIva vartamAna meM Avazyakapada kA artha nahIM jAnatA hai, kintu AgAmI kAla meM apane isI zarIra dvArA use jAnegA vaha bhavyazarIra dravyAvazyaka hai| jJazarIra aura bhavyazarIra se atirikta tadvyatirikta hai| vaha laukika, kuprAvacanika aura lokottarIya rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai| rAjA, yuvarAja, seTha, senApati, sArthavAha prabhRti kA prAtaH va sAyaMkAlIna Avazyaka karttavya vaha laukika dravyAvazyaka hai| kutIrthikoM kI kriyAe~ kuprAvacananika dravyAvazyaka hai| zramaNa ke guNoM se rahita, niraMkuza, jinezvara bhagavAna kI AjJA kA ullaMghana karane vAle svacchanda vihArI kI apane mata kI dRSTi se ubhayakAlIna kriyAe~ lokottara dravyAvazyaka haiN| bhAva-Avazyaka AgamataH aura noAgamataH rUpa meM do prakAra kA hai| Avazyaka ke svarUpa ko upayogapUrvaka jAnanA AgamataH bhAva-Avazyaka hai| noAgamataH bhAva-Avazyaka bhI laukika, kuprAvacanika tathA lokottarika rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai| prAtaH mahAbhArata, sAyaM rAmAyaNa prabhRti kA sa-upayoga paThana-pAThana laukika Avazyaka hai| carma Adi dhAraNa karane vAle tApasa Adi kA apane iSTadeva ko sAMjali namaskArAdi karanA kuprAvacanika bhAva-Avazyaka hai| zuddha upayoga sahita vItarAga ke vacanoM para zraddhA rakhane vAle caturvidha tIrtha kA prAtaH, sAyaMkAla upayogapUrvaka Avazyaka karanA lokottarika bhAva-Avazyaka hai| Avazyaka kA nikSepa karane ke pazcAt sUtrakAra zruta, skandha aura adhyayana kA nikSepapUrvaka vivecana karate haiN| zruta bhI Avazyaka kI taraha cAra prakAra kA hai-nAmazruta, sthApanAzruta, dravyazruta aura bhAva shrut| zruta ke zruta, sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, zAsana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApanA-pravacana evaM Agama, ye ekArthaka nAma haiN|47 skandha ke bhI nAmaskandha, sthApanAskandha, dravyaskandha aura bhAvaskandha aise cAra prakAra haiN| skandha ke mala, kAya, nikAya, skandha, varga, rAzi, puJja, piMDa, nikara, saMghAta, Akula aura samUha, ye ekArthaka nAma haiN|48

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 221 adhyayana chaha prakAra kA hai - sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna / sAmAyika rUpa prathama adhyayana ke upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya ye cAra anuyogadvAra haiN| chaha prakAra ke upakrama upakrama kA nAmopakrama, sthApanopakrama, dravyopakrama, kSetropakrama, kAlopakrama aura bhAvopakrama rUpa chaha prakAra kA hai| anya prakAra se bhI upakrama ke chaha bheda batAye gaye haiM- AnupUrvI, nAma, pramANa, vaktavyatA, arthAdhikAra aura samavatAra / upakrama kA prayojana hai ki grantha ke sambandha meM prArambhika jJAtavya viSaya kI carcA | isa prakAra kI carcA hone se grantha meM Aye hue kramarUpa se viSayoM kA nikSepa karanA / isase vaha sarala ho jAtA hai| AnupUrvI ke nAmAnupUrvI sthApanAnupUrvI, dravyAnupUrvI, kSetrAnupUrvI, kAlAnupUrvI, utkIrtanAnupUrvI, gaNanAnupUrvI, saMsthAnAnupUrvI, sAmAcAryAnupUrvI, bhAvAnupUrvI; ye dasa prakAra haiM jinakA sUtrakAra ne ativistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai / prastuta vivecana meM aneka jaina mAnyatAoM kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| nAmAnupUrvI meM nAma ke eka, do yAvat dasa nAma batAye haiN| saMsAra ke samasta dravyoM ke ekArthavAcI aneka nAma hote haiM kintu ve sabhI eka nAma ke hI antargata Ate haiM / dvinAma ke ekAkSarika nAma aura anekAkSarika nAma ye do bheda haiM jisake uccAraNa karane meM eka hI akSara kA prayoga ho vaha ekAkSarika nAma hai| jaise -dhI, strI, hI ityAdi / jisake uccAraNa meM aneka akSara hoM, vaha anekAkSarika nAma hai| jaise - kanyA, vINA, latA, mAlA ityAdi / athavA jIvanAma, ajIvanAma athavA avizeSikanAma, vizeSikanAma isa taraha do prakAra kA hai| isakA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| trinAma ke dravyanAma, guNanAma aura paryAyanAma ye tIna prakAra haiN| dravyanAma ke dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura addhAsamaya (kAla) ye chaha bheda haiN| guNanAma ke varNanAma, gaMdhanAma, rasanAma, sparzanAma aura saMsthAnanAma Adi bheda-prabheda haiN| paryAyanAma ke ekaguNa kRSNa, dviguNa kRSNa, triguNa kRSNa, yAvat dasaguNa, saMkhyeyaguNa, asaMkhyeyaguNa aura anantaguNa kRSNa ityAdi aneka prakAra haiN| caturnAma cAra prakAra kA hai - AgamataH, lopataH, prakRtitaH aura vikArataH / vibhaktyanta pada meM varNa kA Agamana hone se padma kA padmAni / yaha

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* 222 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana AgamataH pada kA udAharaNa hai / varNoM ke lopa se jo pada banatA hai vaha lopataH pada hai, jaise- paTo'tra - paTola / sandhikArya prApta hone para bhI sandhi kA na honA prakRtibhAva kahalAtA hai| jaise zAle ete mAle ime / vikArataH pada ke udAharaNadaMDAgraH, nadIha, madhUdakam / paMcanAma pA~ca prakAra kA hai - nAmika, naipAtika, AkhyAtika, aupasargika aura mizra / SaTnAma audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, pAriNAmika aura sannipAtika - chaha prakAra kA hai| ina bhAvoM para karmasiddhAnta va guNasthAnoM kI dRSTi se vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake pazcAt saptanAma meM sapta svara para, aSTanAma meM aSTa vibhakti para, navanAma meM navaratna evaM dasanAma meM guNavAcaka dasa nAma batAye haiM / upakrama ke tRtIya bheda pramANa para cintana karate hue dravyapramANa, kSetrapramANa, kAlapramANa aura bhAvapramANa ke rUpa meM cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM / dravyapramANa pradezaniSpanna aura vibhAganiSpanna rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| pradezaniSpanna dravyapramANa ke antargata paramANu dvipradezI skandha yAvat dazapradezI skandha Adi haiM / vibhAganiSpanna dravyapramANa ke mAna, unmAna, avamAna, gaNitamAna aura pratimAna, ye pA~ca prakAra haiN| inameM se mAna ke do prakAra haiM- dhAnyamAnapramANa, rsmaanprmaann| dhAnyamAnapramANa ke prasRti, sedhikA, kuDaba, prastha, ADhaka, droNi jaghanya, madhyama, utkRSTa, kumbha Adi bheda haiN| isI prakAra rasamAna pramANa ke bhI vividha bheda haiM / unmAna pramANa ke arddha-karSa, karSa, arddha-pala, pala, arddha- 6- tulA, tulA, arddha-bhAra, bhAra Adi aneka bheda haiN| isa pramANa se agara, kumakuma, khA~r3a, gur3a Adi vastuoM kA pramANa mApA jA sakatA hai| jisa pramANa se bhUmi Adi kA mApa kiyA jAya vaha avamAna hai| isake hAtha, daMDa, dhanuSya Adi aneka prakAra haiN| gaNitamAna pramANa meM saMkhyA se pramANa nikAlA jAtA hai| jaiseeka, do se lekara hajAra, lAkha karor3a Adi jisase dravya ke Aya-vyaya kA hisAba lagAyA jAya / pratimAna - jisase svarNa Adi mApA jaay| isake guJjA, kAMgaNI, niSpAva, karmamAzaka, maNDalaka, sonaiyA Adi aneka bheda haiN| isa prakAra dravya pramANa kI carcA hai| kSetrapramANa pradezaniSpanna aura vibhAganiSpanna do prakAra kA hai| ekapradezAvagAhI, dvipradezAvagAhI Adi pudgaloM se vyApta kSetra ko pradezaniSpanna kSetrapramANa kahA gayA hai / vibhAganiSpanna kSetrapramANa ke aMgula, vitasti, hasta, kukSi, daMDa, koza, yojana Adi nAnA prakAra haiN| aMgula - AtmAMgula, utsedhAMgula

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 223 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. aura pramANAMgula ke rUpa meM tIna prakAra kA hai| jisa kAla meM jo mAnava hote haiM unake apane aMgula se 12 aMgula pramANa mukha hotA hai| 108 aMgula pramANa pUrA zarIra hotA hai| ve puruSa uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya rUpa se tIna prakAra ke haiN| jina puruSoM meM pUrNa lakSaNa haiM aura 108 aMgula pramANa jinakA zarIra hai ve uttama puruSa haiN| jina puruSoM kA zarIra 104 aMgula pramANa hai ve madhyama puruSa haiM aura jinakA zarIra 96 aMgula pramANa hai ve jaghanya puruSa haiN| ina aMguloM ke pramANa se 6 aMgula kA 1 pAda, 2 pAda kI 1 vitasti, 2 vitasti kA 1 hAtha, 2 hAtha kI 1 kukSi, 2 kukSi kA 1 dhanuSya, 2000 dhanuSya kA 1 koza, 4 koza kA 1 yojana hotA hai| prastuta pramANa se ArAma, udyAna, kAnana, vana, vanakhaNDa, kuA~, vApikA, nadI, khAI, prAkAra, stUpa Adi nApe jAte haiN| utsedhAMgula kA pramANa batAte hue paramANu trasareNu, rathareNu kA varNana vividha prakAra se kiyA hai| prakAza meM jo dhUlikaNa A~khoM se dikhAI dete haiM ve trasareNu haiN| ratha ke calane se je dhUli ur3atI hai vaha rathareNu hai| paramANu kA do dRSTiyoM se pratipAdana hai-sUkSma paramANu aura vyAvahArika prmaannu| ananta sUkSma paramANuoM ke milane se eka vyAvahArika paramANu banatA hai| vyAvahArika paramANuoM kI kramazaH vRddhi hote-hote mAnavoM kA bAlAgra, lIkha, na~, yava aura aMgula banatA hai, jo kramazaH ATha gune adhika hote haiN| prastuta aMgula ke pramANa se 6 aMgula kA 1 arddha-pAda, 12 aMgula kA 1 pAda, 24 aMgula kA 1 hasta, 48 aMgula kI 1 kukSi, 96 aMgula kA 1 dhanuSya hotA hai| isI dhanuSya ke pramANa se 2,000 dhanuSya kA 1 koza aura 4 koza kA 1 yojana hotA hai| utsedhAMgula kA prayojana cAra gatiyoM ke prANiyoM kI avagAhanA nApanA hai| yaha avagAhanA jaghanya aura utkRSTa rUpa se do prakAra kI hotI hai| jaise naraka meM jaghanya avagAhanA aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga hai aura utkRSTa avagAhanA 500 dhanuSya pramANa hai aura uttara vikriyA karane para jaghanya aMgula ke saMkhyAtaveM bhAga aura utkRSTa 1,000 dhanuSya hotI hai| isa taraha utsedhAMgula kA pramANa sthAyI, nizcita aura sthira hai| utsedhAMgula se 1,000 gunA adhika pramANAMgula hotA hai| vaha bhI utsedhAMgula ke samAna nizcita hai| avasarpiNI kAla ke prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura unake putra bharata ke aMgula ko pramANAMgula mAnA gayA hai| antima tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke eka aMgula ke pramANa meM do utsedhAMgula hote haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to unake 500 aMgula ke barAbara

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224 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 1,000 utsedhAMgula arthAt 1 pramANAMgula hotA hai| isa pramANAMgula se anAdi padArthoM kA nApa jJAta kiyA jAtA hai| isase bar3A anya koI aMgula nahIM hai| kAlapramANa pradezaniSpanna aura vibhAganiSpanna rUpa se do prakAra kA hai| eka samaya kI sthiti vAle paramANu yA skandha Adi kA kAla pradezaniSpanna kAlapramANa kahalAtA hai / samaya, AvalikA, muhUrta, dina, ahorAtri, pakSa, mAsa, saMvatsara, yuga, palya, sAgara, avasarpiNI, utsarpiNI, parAvartana Adi ko vibhAganiSpanna kAlapramANa kahA gayA hai| samaya bahuta hI sUkSma kAlapramANa hai / isakA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue vastra - vidAraNa kA udAharaNa diyA hai| asaMkhyAta samaya kI 1 AvalikA, saMkhyAta AvalikA kA 1 ucchvAsanizvAsa, prasanna mana, pUrNa svastha vyakti ke 1 zvAsocchvAsa ko prANa kahate haiM / 7 prANoM kA 1 stoka, 7 stokoM kA 1 lava, usake pazcAt zIrSaprahelikA, palyopama, sAgaropama kI saMkhyA taka prakAza DAlA hai jisakA hama anya AgamoM ke vivecana meM ullekha kara cuke haiN| isa kAlapramANa se cAra gatiyoM ke jIvoM ke AyuSya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhAvapramANa tIna prakAra kA hai - guNapramANa, nayapramANa aura saMkhyApramANa | guNapramANa - jIvaguNapramANa aura ajIvaguNapramANa isa taraha se do prakAra kA hai| jIvaguNapramANa ke tIna bheda jJAnaguNapramANa, darzanaguNapramANa aura cAritraguNapramANa haiN| isameM se jJAnaguNapramANa ke pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama ye cAra bheda haiN| noindriyapratyakSa ke avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAnapratyakSa- ye tIna bheda haiM / 49 anumAna - pUrvavat, zeSavat aura dRSTasAdharmyavat tIna prakAra kA hai| pUrvavat anumAna ko samajhAne ke lie eka rUpaka diyA hai| jaise- kisI mAtA kA koI putra laghuvaya meM anyatra calA gayA aura yuvaka hokara punaH apane nagara meM AyA / use dekhakara usakI mAtA pUrva lakSaNoM se anumAna karatI hai ki yaha putra merA hI hai| ise pUrvavat anumAna kahA hai| zeSavat anumAna kAryataH, kAraNataH, guNataH, avayavataH aura AzrayataH isa taraha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| kArya se kAraNa kA jJAna honA kAryataH anumAna kahA jAtA hai; jaise- zaMkha, bherI Adi ke zabdoM se unake kAraNabhUta padArthoM kA jJAna honA; yaha eka prakAra kA anumAna hai| kAraNataH anumAna vaha hai jisameM kAraNoM

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 225. -.-.-..-.-.-.-.-.- -- -. .-.-.-.se kArya kA jJAna hotA hai; jaise-tantuoM se paTa banatA hai, miTTI ke piNDa se ghaTa banatA hai| guNataH anumAna vaha hai jisase guNa ke jJAna se guNI kA jJAna kiyA jAya; jaise-kasauTI se svarNa kI parIkSA, gaMdha se phUloM kI priikssaa| avayavataH anumAna hai avayavoM se avayavI kA jJAna honA; jaise-sIMgoM se mahiSa kA, zikhA se kukkuTa kA, dA~toM se hAthI kaa| AzrayataH anumAna vaha hai jisameM Azraya se AzrayI kA jJAna hotA hai| isameM sAdhana se sAdhya pahacAnA jAtA hai; jaise-dhue~ se agni, bAdaloM se jala, sadAcaraNa se kulIna putra kA jJAna hotA hai| dRSTasAdharmyavat anumAna ke sAmAnyadRSTa aura vizeSadRSTa-ye do bheda haiN| kisI eka vyakti ko dekhakara taddezIya yA tajjAtIya anya vyaktiyoM kI AkRti Adi kA anumAna karanA sAmAnyadRSTa anumAna hai| isI prakAra aneka vyaktiyoM kI AkRti Adi se eka vyakti kI AkRti kA anumAna bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI vyakti ko pahale eka bAra dekhA ho, punaH usako dUsare sthAna para dekhakara acchI taraha pahacAna lenA vizeSadRSTa anumAna hai| upamAnapramANa ke sAdhopanIta aura vaidhopanIta, ye do bheda haiN| sAdhopanIta ke kiMcitsAdhopanIta, prAyaHsAdhopanIta aura sarvasAdhopanIta, ye tIna prakAra haiN| jisameM kucha sAdharmya ho vaha kiMcit sAdhopanIta hai| udAharaNa ke lie jaisA Aditya hai vaisA khadyota hai, kyoMki donoM hI prakAzita haiN| jaisA candra hai vaisA kumuda hai, kyoMki donoM meM zItalatA hai| jisameM lagabhaga samAnatA ho vaha prAyaHsAdhopanIta hai; jaise-gAya hai vaisI nIla-gAya hai| jisameM saba prakAra kI samAnatA ho vaha sarvadhAopanIta hai| yaha upamA deza, kAla Adi kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa anya meM nahIM prApta hotii| ataH usakI usI se upamA denA sarvasAdhopanIta upamAna hai| isameM upameya aura upamAna bhinna nahIM hote| jaise-sAgara sAgara ke sadRza hai| tIrthaMkara tIrthaMkara ke samAna haiN| vaidhopanIta ke kiMcitvaidhopanIta, prAyaHvaidhopanIta aura sarvavaidhopanIta, ye tIna prakAra haiN| ___ Agama do prakAra ke haiM-laukika aura lokottr| mithyAdRSTiyoM ke banAye hue grantha laukika Agama haiN| jinheM pUrNa jJAna prApta ho gayA hai aise sarvajJa, sarvadarzI dvArA pratipAdita dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka-yaha lokottara Agama hai athavA

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* 226 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana Agama ke sUtrAgama, arthAgama aura tadubhayAgama athavA AtmAgama, anantarAgama aura paramparAgama, isa prakAra tIna bheda haiN| tIrthaMkara dvArA kathita artha unake lie AtmAgama hai| gaNadhararacita sUtra gaNadhara ke lie AtmAgama hai aura artha unake lie paramparAgama hai| usake pazcAt sUtra, artha donoM paramparAgama haiN| yaha jJAnaguNapramANa kA varNana hai| __darzanaguNapramANa ke cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana guNapramANa, ye cAra bheda haiN| cAritraguNapramANa pA~ca prakAra kA hai-sAmAyikacAritra, chedopasthApanIya, parihAravizuddha, sUkSmasaMparAya aura yathAkhyAtacAritra gunnprmaann| __sAmAyikacAritra itvarika aura yAvatkathita rUpa se do prakAra hai| chedopasthApanIyacAritra bhI sAticAra aura niraticAra (sadoSa aura nirdoSa) aise do prakAra kA hai| isI prakAra parihAravizuddha, sUkSmasaMparAya aura yathAkhyAtacAritra bhI kramazaH nirvizyamAna aura nirniSTakAyika, pratipAtI aura apratipAtI, chAdmasthika aura kaivalika isa prakAra do-do taraha ke haiN| cAritraguNapramANa ke avAntara bheda-prabhedoM para prastuta Agama meM prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai| ajIvaguNapramANa ke pA~ca prakAra haiM-varNaguNapramANa, gaMdhaguNapramANa, rasaguNapramANa, sparzaguNapramANa aura sNsthaangunnprmaann| inake kramazaH 5, 2, 5, 8 aura 5 bheda pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| yaha guNapramANa kA varNana huaa| bhAvapramANa kA dUsarA bheda nayapramANa hai| naya ke naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta; ye sAta prakAra haiN| prasthaka, vasati evaM pradeza ke dRSTAnta se ina nayoM kA svarUpa samajhAyA hai| bhAvapramANa kA tRtIya bheda saMkhyApramANa hai| vaha nAmasaMkhyA, sthApanAsaMkhyA, dravyasaMkhyA, upamAnasaMkhyA, parimANasaMkhyA, jJAnasaMkhyA, gaNanAsaMkhyA aura bhAvasaMkhyA-isa taraha ATha prakAra kA hai| ___ gaNanAsaMkhyA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hone se usakA vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| jisake dvArA gaNanA kI jAya vaha gaNanAsaMkhyA kahalAtI hai| eka kA aMka ginane meM nahIM AtA ataH do se gaNanA kI saMkhyA kA prArambha hotA hai| saMkhyA ke saMkhyeyaka, asaMkhyeyaka aura ananta-ye tIna bheda haiN| saMkhyeyaka ke jaghanya,

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 227 * madhyama aura utkRSTa, ye tIna bheda haiN| asaMkhyeyaka ke parItAsaMkhyeyaka, yuktAsaMkhyeyaka aura asaMkhyeyAsaMkhyeyaka tathA ina tInoM ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa, ye tIna-tIna bheda haiN| isa prakAra asaMkhyeyaka ke nau bheda hue| anantaka ke parItAntaka, yuktAnantaka aura anantAnantaka, ye tIna bheda haiN| inameM se parItAntaka aura yuktAnantaka ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa, ye tIna-tIna bheda haiM aura anantAnantaka ke jaghanya aura madhyama, ye do bheda haiN| isa prakAra kula ATha bheda hote haiN| saMkhyeyaka ke 3, asaMkhyeyaka ke 9 aura anantaka ke 8, kula 20 bheda hue| yaha bhAvapramANa kA varNana huaa| hamane pUrva pRSThoM meM sAmAyika ke cAra anuyogadvAroM meM se prathama anuyogadvAra upakrama ke AnupUrvI, nAma, pramANa, vaktavyatA, arthAdhikAra aura samavatAra, ye chaha bheda kiye the| unameM AnupUrvI, nAma aura pramANa para cintana kiyA jA cukA hai| avazeSa tIna para cintana karanA hai| vaktavyatA ke svasamayavaktavyatA, parasamayavaktavyatA aura ubhayasamayavaktavyatA, ye tIna prakAra haiN| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya Adi sva-siddhAntoM kA varNana karanA svasamayavaktavyatA hai| anya matoM ke siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA karanA parasamayavaktavyatA hai| svapara-ubhaya matoM kI vyAkhyA karanA ubhayasamayavaktavyatA hai| jo jisa adhyayana kA artha hai arthAt viSaya hai vahI usa adhyayana kA arthAdhikAra hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, jaise Avazyaka sUtra ke chaha adhyayanoM kA sAvadyayoga se nivRtta honA hI usakA viSayAdhikAra hai vahI arthAdhikAra kahalAtA hai| samavatAra kA tAtparya yaha hai ki AnupUrvI Adi jo dvAra haiM unameM una-una viSayoM kA samavatAra karanA arthAt sAmAyika Adi adhyayanoM kI AnupUrvI Adi pA~ca bAteM vicAra kara yojanA krnaa| samavatAranAma ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvasamavatAra isa prakAra chaha bheda haiN| dravyoM kA svaguNa kI apekSA se AtmabhAva meM avatIrNa honA-vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se pararUpa meM avatIrNa honA Adi dravyasamavatAra haiN| kSetra kA bhI svarUpa, pararUpa aura ubhayarUpa se samavatAra hotA hai| kAlasamavatAra zvAsocchvAsa se saMkhyAta,

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* 228 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana asaMkhyAta aura anantakAla (jisakA vistAra pUrva meM de cuke haiM) taka kA hotA, hai| bhAvasamavatAra ke bhI do bheda haiM--AtmabhAvasamavatAra aura tdubhysmvtaar| bhAva kA apane hI svarUpa meM samavatIrNa honA AtmabhAvasamavatAra kahalAtA hai| jaise-krodha kA krodha ke rUpa meM samavatIrNa honaa| bhAva kA svarUpa aura pararUpa donoM meM samavatAra honA tadubhayabhAvasamavatAra hai| jaise-krodha kA krodha ke rUpa meM samavatAra hone ke sAtha hI mAna ke rUpa meM samavatAra honA tadubhayabhAvasamavatAra hai| anuyogadvArasUtra kA adhika bhAga upakrama kI carcA ne roka rakhA hai| zeSa tIna nikSepa saMkSepa meM haiN| prastuta grantha kI racanA aisI hai ki jJAtavya viSayoM kA pratipAdana upakrama meM hI kara diyA hai jisase bAda ke viSayoM ko samajhanA atyanta sarala ho jAtA hai| upakrama meM jina viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai una sabhI viSayoM para hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se cintana karanA cAhate the jisase ki prabuddha pAThakoM ko yaha parijJAta ho sake ki Agama-sAhitya meM anya sthaloM para ina viSayoM kI carcA kisa rUpa meM hai aura paravartI-sAhitya meM ina viSayoM kA vikAsa kisa rUpa meM huA hai| para samayAbhAva ke kAraNa hama cAhate hue bhI yahA~ nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| 'pramANa : eka adhyayana' zIrSaka lekha meM hamane pramANa kI carcA vistAra se kI hai, ataH jijJAsu pAThaka usa grantha kA avalokana kara sakate haiN|50 nikSepa : dvitIya dvAra nikSepa-yaha anuyogadvAra kA dUsarA dvAra hai| nikSepa jainadarzana kA eka pAribhASika aura lAkSaNika zabda hai| padArthabodha ke lie nikSepa kA parijJAna bahuta hI Avazyaka hai| nikSepa kI aneka vyAkhyAe~ vibhinna granthoM meM milatI haiN| jItakalpabhASya meM AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne likhA hai-'ni' zabda ke tIna artha haiM-grahaNa, AdAna aura aadhiky| 'kSepa' kA artha hai-prerita krnaa| jisa vacana-paddhati meM ni/adhika kSepa/vikalpa hai, vaha nikSepa hai|51 sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne nikSepa kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai-jisakA kSepa/sthApana niyata aura nizcita hotA hai, vaha nikSepa hai|52 bRhad dravyasaMgraha meM AcArya nemicanda ne likhA hai-yuktimArga se prayojanavazAt, jo vastu ko nAma Adi cAra bhedoM meM kSepaNa sthApana kare vaha nikSepa hai|53 nayacakra

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 229 * meM AcArya mallisena malladhArI ne nikSepa kI paribhASA isa prakAra prastuta kI haivastu kA nAma Adi meM kSepa karane yA dharohara rakhanA nikSepa hai|54 SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM AcArya vIrasena ne nikSepa kI paribhASA isa prakAra prastuta kI hai-saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya meM avasthita vastu ko unase nikAlakara jo nizcaya meM kSepaNa karatA hai, vaha nikSepa hai|55 dUsare zabdoM meM yU~ kaha sakate haiM, jo anirNIta vastu kA nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva dvArA nirNaya karAye vaha nikSepa hai| ise yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM-aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa karake prakRta kA nirUpaNa karanA nikSepa hai| arthAt zabda kA artha meM aura artha kA zabda meM Aropa karanA yAni zabda aura artha ko kisI eka nizcita artha meM sthApita karanA nikSepa hai|56 ___ saMkSipta sAra yaha hai ki jisake dvArA vastu kA jJAna yA upacAra se vastu meM jina prakAroM se AkSepa kiyA jAya vaha nikSepa hai| kSepaNakriyA ke bhI do prakAra haiM, prastuta artha kA bodha karAne vAlI zabda-racanA aura dUsarA prakAra hai artha kA zabda meM Aropa krnaa| kSepaNakriyA vaktA ke bhAvavizeSa para AdhRta hai| ___ AcArya umAsvAti ne nikSepa kA paryAyavAcI zabda nyAsa diyA hai| tattvArtharAjavArtika meM 'nyAso nikSepaH'57 ke dvArA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| nAma Adi ke dvArA vastu meM bheda karane ke upAya ko nyAsa yA nikSepa kahate haiN|58 nikSepa ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ye cAra prakAra haiN| prastuta dvAra meM nikSepa ke oghaniSpannanikSepa, nAmaniSpannanikSepa aura sUtrAlApakaniSpannanikSepaisa prakAra tIna bheda kiye haiN| oghaniSpannanikSepa adhyayana, akSINa, Aya aura kSapaNA ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra kA hai| adhyayana ke nAmAdhyayana, sthApanAdhyayana, dravyAdhyayana aura bhAvAdhyayana, ye cAra bheda haiN| akSINa ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva, ye cAra bheda haiN| ina cAra meM bhAvAkSINatA ke AgamataHbhAvAkSINatA aura noAgamataHbhAvAkSINatA kahalAtI hai| jo vyaya karane para bhI kiMcinmAtra bhI kSINa na ho vaha noAgamataHbhAvAkSINatA kahalAtI hai| jaise-eka jagamagAte dIpaka se zatAdhika dIpaka prajvalita kiye jA sakate haiM, kintu usase dIpaka kI jyoti kSINa nahIM hotI vaise hI AcArya zruta kA dAna dete haiN| ve svayaM bhI zrutajJAna se dIpta rahate haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI pradIpta karate haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki zruta kA kSINa na honA bhAvAkSINatA hai|

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* 230 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana Aya ke nAma, sthApanAdi cAra bheda haiN| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA lAbha prazasta Aya hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kI prApti aprazasta Aya hai| kSapaNA ke nAma, sthApanAdi cAra bheda haiN| kSapaNA kA artha nirjarA, kSaya hai| krodhAdi kA kSaya honA prazasta kSapaNA hai| jJAnAdi kA naSTa honA aprazasta kSapaNA hai| __ oghaniSpannanikSepa ke vivecana ke pazcAt nAmaniSpannanikSepa kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai-jisa vastu kA nAmanikSepaniSpanna ho cukA hai use nAmaniSpannanikSepa kahate haiM, jaise-saamaayik| isake bhI nAmAdi cAra bheda haiN| bhAvasAmAyika kA vivecana vistAra se kiyA hai aura bhAvasAmAyika karane vAle zramaNa kA Adarza prastuta karate hue batAyA hai jisakI AtmA sabhI prakAra se sAvadha vyApAra se nivRtta hokara mUlaguNarUpa saMyama, uttaraguNarUpa niyama tathA tapa Adi meM lIna hai usI ko bhAvasAmAyika kA anupama lAbha prApta hotA hai| jo trasa aura sthAvara sabhI prANiyoM ko Atmavat dekhatA hai, unake prati samabhAva rakhatA hai vahI sAmAyika kA saccA adhikArI hai| jisa prakAra mujhe duHkha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI anya prANiyoM ko bhI duHkha priya nahIM hai, aisA jAnakara jo na kisI anya prANI kA hanana karatA hai, na karavAtA hai aura na karate hue kI anumodanA hI karatA hai vaha zramaNa hai, aadi| sUtrAlApaka nikSepa vaha hai jisameM 'karemi bhaMte sAmAiyaM' Adi padoM kA nAmAdi bhedapUrvaka vyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| isameM sUtra kA zuddha aura spaSTa rUpa se uccAraNa karane kI sUcanA dI hai| anugama anuyogadvAra kA tRtIya dvAra anugama hai| uttarAdhyayanacUrNi meM anugama kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai jisake dvArA sUtra kA anusaraNa athavA sUtra ke artha kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha anugama/vyAkhyA hai|59 anuyogadvAracUrNi meM anugama kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra milatI hai-artha se sUtra aNu arthAt laghu hotA hai, usake anurUpa gamana karanA anugama hai|60 dUsare zabdoM meM yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki sUtra aura artha ke anukUla gamana karanA anugama hai|61 anuyogadvAra maladhArIya TIkA meM anugama kI paribhASA isa rUpa meM milatI hai-sUtra par3hane ke pazcAt gamana/vyAkhyAna karanA anugama hai| jisake dvArA sUtrAnusArI jJAna hotA hai, vaha anugama hai|62 anugama ke sUtrAnugama aura

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 231 niryuktyanugama, ye do bheda haiN| niryuktyanugama ke tIna bheda haiM-nikSepaniyuktyanugama, upodghAtaniryuktyanugama aura suutrsprshikniyuktynugm| isameM nikSepaniyuktyanugama kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| upodghAtaniryuktyanugama ke uddeza, nirdeza, nirgama Adi chabbIsa bheda batAye haiN| sUtrasparzikaniyuktyanugama kA artha hai-askhalita, amilita, anya sUtroM ke pAThoM se asaMyukta, pratipUrNa ghoSayukta, kaNTha-oSTha se vipramukta tathA gurumukha se grahaNa kiye hue uccAraNa se yukta sUtroM ke padoM kA svasiddhAnta ke anurUpa vivecana krnaa| naya-svarUpa anuyogadvAra kA cauthA dvAra naya hai| naya jainadarzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| jo vastu kA bodha karAte haiM ve naya haiN|63 vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| vastu ke una sampUrNa dharmoM kA yathArtha aura pratyakSa jJAna kevala sarvajJa-sarvadarzI ko hI ho sakatA hai| para sAmAnya mAnava meM vaha sAmarthya nahIM hai| sAmAnya mAnava eka samaya meM kucha dharmoM kA hI jJAna kara pAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usakA jJAna AMzika hai, AMzika jJAna ko naya kahate haiN| yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA, pramANa aura naya ye donoM jJAnAtmaka haiN| kintu donoM meM antara yahI hai ki pramANa sampUrNa vastu kA jJAna karAtA hai to naya vastu ke eka aMza kA jJAna karAtA hai| pramANa ko sakalAdeza aura naya ko vikalAdeza kahA hai| sakalAdeza meM vastu ke samasta dharmoM kI vivakSA hotI hai para vikalAdeza meM eka dharma ke atirikta anya dharmoM kI vivakSA nahIM hotii| vikalAdeza ko samyak isIlie mAnA jAtA hai ki vaha jisa dharma kI vivakSA karatA hai usake atirikta anya dharmoM kA pratiSedha nahIM karatA kintu una dharmoM kI upekSA karatA hai| __vaktA ke abhiprAya kI dRSTi se naya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai-virodhI dharmoM kA niSedha na karate hue vastu ke eka aMza yA dharma ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAtA kA abhiprAya naya hai|64 dUsare zabdoM meM anekAntAtmaka vastu meM virodha ke binA hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhyavizeSa kI yathArthatA ko prApta karAne meM samartha zabdaprayoga naya hai|65 jitane vacana ke prakAra haiM, utane hI naya bhI haiN|66 isa taraha naya ke ananta bheda ho sakate haiN| tathApi unakA samAhAra karate hue aura samajhane kI saralatA kI dRSTi se una saba vacana-pakSoM ko adhika se adhika sAta bhedoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA hai| anuyogadvAra meM sAta nayoM kA varNana hai

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* 232 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 'pApA (1) naigamanaya, (2) saMgrahanaya, (3) vyavahAranaya, (4) RjusUtranaya, (5) zabdanaya, (6) samabhirUr3hanaya, evaM (7) bhuutny| ThANAMga67 aura prajJApanA68 meM bhI sAta nayoM kA varNana hai| sAta nayoM meM zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta ye tIna zabdanaya haiM69 aura naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra ye cAra naya arthanaya haiN| tIna zabda ko viSaya kahate haiM, ataH zabdanaya hai aura zeSa cAra artha ko apanA viSaya banAte haiM isaliye arthanaya haiN| ___ sAmAnya aura vizeSa Adi aneka dharmoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA abhiprAya naigamanaya hai|70 prastuta naya sattArUpa sAmAnya ko dravyatva, guNatva, karmatva rUpa avAntara sAmAnya ko asAdhAraNa rUpa vizeSa tathA pararUpa se vyAvRtta aura sAmAnya se bhinna avAntara vizeSoM ko jAnatA hai athavA do dravyoM meM se, do paryAyoM meM se tathA dravya aura paryAya meM se kisI eka ko mukhya aura dUsare ko gauNa karake jAnanA naigamanaya hai|71 vizeSoM kI apekSA na karake vastu ko sAmAnya rUpa se jAnanA saMgrahanaya hai|72 jaise-jIva kahane se trasa, sthAvara prabhRti sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM kA parijJAna hotA hai, bheda sahita sabhI paryAyoM yA vizeSoM ko apanI jAti ke virodha ke binA eka mAnakara sAmAnya se sabako grahaNa karane vAlA saMgrahanaya hai|73 dUsare zabdoM meM samasta padArthoM kA samyak prakAra se ekIkaraNa karake jo abheda rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, vaha saMgrahanaya hai|74 athavA yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki vyavahAra kI apekSA na karake sattAdi rUpa se sakala padArthoM kA saMgraha karanA saMgrahanaya hai|75 saMgrahanaya se jAne hue padArthoM kA yogya rIti se vibhAga karane vAlA abhiprAya vyavahAranaya hai|76 __ saMgrahanaya jisa artha ko grahaNa karatA hai, usa artha kA vizeSa rUpa se bodha karane ke lie usakA pRthakkaraNa Avazyaka hotA hai| yaha satya hai, saMgrahanaya meM sAmAnya mAtra kA hI grahaNa hotA hai tathApi usa sAmAnya kA rUpa kyA hai? isakA vizleSaNa karane ke lie vyavahAra kI jarUrata hotI hai| isalie sAmAnya ko bhedapUrvaka grahaNa karanA vyavahAranaya hai|77 vartamAnakAlavartI payArya ko mAnya karane vAle grahaNa karane vAle abhiprAya ko RjusUtranaya kahate haiN|78 bhUtakAla vinaSTa aura bhaviSyakAla anutpanna hone se vaha kevala vartamAnakAlavartI paryAya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| RjusUtranaya vartamAna kSaNa kI paryAya ko hI pradhAnatA detA hai| jaise-maiM isa samaya sukha bhoga rahA huuN| yahA~ para kSaNasthAyI sukhaparyAya ko sukha mAnakara usa sukhaparyAya kA AdhAra jo Atmadravya hai, usako gauNa kara

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 233 * diyA gayA hai| paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhI kAla, kAraka, liMga, saMkhyA, puruSa aura upasarga ke bheda se arthabheda mAnanA zabdanaya hai|79 vibhinna saMyogoM ke AdhAra para jo zabdoM meM arthabhedI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, vaha zabdanaya hai| paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM bhinna artha ko dhotita karanA niyukti yAni vyutpatti ke bheda se paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke artha meM bheda svIkAra karane vAlA samabhirUr3hanaya hai| indra, zakra, purandara prabhRti zabda paryAyavAcI haiN| tathApi bhinna-bhinna vyutpatti se bhinna-bhinna artha ko dyotita karate haiN| zabdanaya to samAna kAla, kAraka, liMga Adi yukta paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA eka hI artha mAnatA hai| kintu kAraka Adi kA bheda hone para hI paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM arthabheda svIkAra karatA hai| para kAraka Adi kA bheda na hone para paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM abhinna artha mAnatA hai para samabhirUr3hanaya to paryAyabheda hone se hI una zabdoM meM arthabheda mAnatA hai|80 jisa samaya padArthoM meM jo kriyA hotI hai, usa samaya kriyA ke anukUla zabdoM se artha ke pratipAdana karane ko evaMbhUtanaya kahate haiN|81 jaise-aizvarya kA anubhava karate samaya indra, samartha hone ke samaya zakra aura nagaroM kA nAza karate samaya purandara khnaa| evaMbhUtanaya nizcaya pradhAna hai, zabdoM kI jo vyutpatti hai usa vyutpatti kI nimittabhUtakriyA jaba padArtha meM hotI hai taba vaha padArtha ko usa zabda kA vAcya mAnatA hai| isa prakAra sAtoM naya pUrva-pUrva naya se uttara-uttara nayoM kA viSaya sUkSma hotA calA gyaa| naigamanaya sAmAnya aura vizeSa bheda-abheda donoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| jabaki saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi usase saMkIrNa hai, vaha sAmAnya aura abheda ko viSaya karatA hai| saMgrahanaya se bhI vyavahAranaya kA viSaya kama hai| saMgrahanaya jahA~ samasta sAmAnya padArthoM ko jAnatA hai aura vyavahAranaya saMgraha se jAne hue padArtha ko vizeSa rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai| RjusUtranaya kA viSaya vyavahAranaya se kama hai, cU~ki vyavahAranaya kAlika viSaya kI sattA ko mAnatA hai| jabaki RjusUtranaya se vartamAna padArtha kA hI parijJAna hotA hai| RjusUtranaya kI apekSA zabdanaya kA viSaya kama hai| kyoMki zabdanaya kAla Adi ke bheda se vartamAna paryAya meM bhI bheda svIkAra karatA hai| zabdanaya vartamAna paryAya ke vAcaka vividha paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM se kAla, liMga, saMkhyA, puruSa Adi vyAkaraNa sambandhI viSamatAoM kA nirAkaraNa karake kevala

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* 234 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana samAna kAla, liMga Adi zabdoM ko ekArthavAcI mAnatA hai jabaki RjusUtranaya meM kAla Adi kA bheda nahIM hotaa| zabdanaya se bhI samabhirUr3ha kA viSaya kama hai| vaha paryAya aura vyutpattibheda se arthabheda mAnatA hai| jabaki zabdanaya paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM maantaa| samabhirUr3hanaya indra, zakra Adi ekArthavAcI zabdoM ko bhI vyutpatti kI dRSTi se bhinna arthavAcI mAnatA hai| vaha kisI eka hI zabda ko vAcaka rUpa meM rUr3ha karatA hai| para vaha sUkSmatA zabdanaya meM nahIM hai| evaMbhUtanaya kA viSaya samabhirUr3hanaya se bhI nyUna hai| vaha artha ko bhI usa zabda kA vAcya tabhI mAnatA hai, jaba artha apanI vyutpatti mUlakriyA meM lagA ho| sArAMza yaha hai, pUrva-pUrva naya kI apekSA uttara-uttara naya sUkSma aura sUkSmatara viSaya vAlA hotA hai; aura uttara-uttara naya kA viSaya pUrva-pUrva naya ke viSaya para hI AdhRta hai; aura pratyeka kA viSaya kSetra uttarottara nyUna hone se inakA paraspara meM paurvAparya sambandha hai| nayadvAra ke vivecana ke sAtha hI cAroM prakAra ke anuyogadvAra kA varNana pUrNa hotA hai| isa prakAra anuyodvArasUtra meM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa jaina pAribhASika zabda-siddhAntoM kA vivecana hai| upakrama-nikSepa zailI kI pradhAnatA aura sAtha hI bheda-prabheda kI pracuratA hone se yaha Agama anya AgamoM se kliSTa hai tathApi jainadarzana ke rahasya ko samajhAne ke lie yaha atIva upayogI hai| jaina Agama kI prAcIna cUrNi-TIkAoM ke prArambha ke bhAga ko dekhate hue jJAta hotA hai ki samagra nirUpaNa meM vahI paddhati apanAI gaI hai jo anuyogadvAra meM hai| yaha sirpha zvetAmbara-sammata jaina AgamoM kI TIkAoM para hI nahIM lAgU hotA varan digambaroM ne bhI yaha paddhati apanAI hai| isakA pramANa digambara-sammata SaTkhaNDAgama Adi prAcIna zAstroM kI TIkA se milatA hai| isase isakI prAcInatA kA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| anuyogadvAra meM sAMskRtika sAmagrI bhI pracura mAtrA meM hai| saMgIta ke sAta svara, svarasthAna, gAyaka ke lakSaNa, grAma, mUrcchanAe~, saMgIta ke guNa aura doSa, navarasa, sAmudrika lakSaNa, 108 aMgula ke mApa vAle, zaMkhAdi cihna vAle, masa, tila Adi vyaMjana vAle uttama puruSa Adi batAye gaye haiN| nimitta ke sambandha meM bhI prakAza DAlA hai, jaise-AkAzadarzana aura nakSatrAdi ke prazasta hone para suvRSTi aura aprazasta hone para durbhikSa aadi| isa taraha isameM sAMskRtika va sAmAjika varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai|82

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 235 * ___ anuyogadvAra ke racayitA yA saMkalanakartA Arya rakSita mAne jAte haiN| Arya rakSita se pahale yaha paddhati thI ki AcArya apane medhAvI ziSyoM ko choTe-bar3e sabhI sUtroM kI vAcanA dete samaya cAroM anuyogoM kA bodha karA dete the| usa vAcanA kA kyA rUpa thA? vaha Aja hamAre samakSa nahIM hai, tathApi itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve vAcanA dete samaya pratyeka sUtra para AcAradharma, usake pAlanakartA, unake sAdhana-kSetra kA vistAra aura niyama-grahaNa kI koTi evaM bhaMga Adi kA varNana kara sabhI anuyogoM kA eka sAtha bodha karAte the| isI vAcanA ko apRthaktvAnuyoga kahA gayA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne likhA hai ki jaba caraNakaraNAnuyoga Adi cAroM anuyogoM kA pratyeka sUtra para vicAra kiyA jAya to vaha apRthaktvAnuyoga hai| apRthaktvAnuyoga meM vibhinna nayadRSTiyoM kA avataraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura usameM pratyeka sUtra para vistAra se carcA kI jAtI hai|83 Arya vajrasvAmI taka kAlika AgamoM ke anuyoga (vAcanA) meM anuyogoM kA apRthaktva rUpa rhaa| usake pazcAt Arya rakSita ne kAlika zruta aura dRSTivAda ke pRthak anuyoga kI vyavasthA kii|84 kAraNa ki Arya rakSita ke dharmazAsana meM jJAnI, dhyAnI, tapasvI aura vAdI sabhI prakAra ke santa the| una ziSyoM meM puSyamitra ke tIna viziSTa mahAmedhAvI ziSya the| unameM se eka kA nAma durbalikApuSyamitra, dUsare kA ghRtapuSyamitra aura tIsare kA vastrapuSyamitra thaa| ghRtapuSyamitra aura vastrapuSyamitra kI labdhi kA yaha prabhAva thA ki pratyeka gRhastha ke ghara se zramaNoM ko ghRta aura vastra saharSa upalabdha hote the| darbalikApaSyamitra nirantara svAdhyAya meM tallIna rahate the| Arya rakSita ke anya muni, vindhya, phalgurakSita, goSThAmAhila pratibhAsampanna ziSya the| unheM jitanA sUtrapATha AcArya se prApta hotA thA usase unheM santoSa nahIM hotA thA, ataH unhoMne eka pRthak vAcanAcArya kI vyavasthA ke lie prArthanA kii| AcArya ne durbalikApuSyamitra ko isake lie niyukta kiyaa| kucha dinoM ke pazcAt durbalikApuSyamitra ne AcAryoM se nivedana kiyA ki vAcanA dene meM samaya laga jAne ke kAraNa maiM paThita jJAna kA punarAvartana nahIM kara pAtA, ataH vismaraNa ho rahA hai| AcArya ko Azcarya huA ki itane medhAvI ziSya kI bhI yaha sthiti hai| ataH unhoMne pratyeka satra ke anuyoga pRthak-pRthak kara diye| apariNAmI aura atipariNAmI ziSya naya dRSTi kA mUlabhAva nahIM samajhakara kahIM kabhI ekAnta jJAna, ekAnta kriyA, ekAnta nizcaya athavA ekAnta vyavahAra ko hI upAdeya na mAna leM tathA sUkSma viSaya meM mithyAbhAva nahIM grahaNa kareM, etadartha nayoM kA vibhAga nahIM kiyaa|85

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236 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana anuyogadvAra kA racanA samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 827 se pUrva mAnA gayA hai aura kitane vidvAn use dUsarI zatAbdI kI racanA mAnate haiM / AgamaprabhAvaka puNyavijaya jI ma. Adi kA yaha mantavya hai ki anuyoga kA pRthakkaraNa to AcArya Arya rakSita ne kiyA kintu anuyogadvArasUtra kI racanA unhoMne hI kI ho to nizcita rUpa se nahIM kaha sakate / vyAkhyA - sAhitya mUla grantha ke rahasya kA samudghATana karane hetu atItakAla se usa para vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai / vyAkhyAtmaka lekhaka mUla grantha ke abhISTa artha kA vizleSaNa to karatA hI hai, sAtha hI usa sambandha meM apanA svatantra cintana bhI prastuta karatA hai| prAcInatama jaina vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya meM Agamika vyAkhyAoM kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| usa vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - ( 9 ) niryuktiyA~ (nijjutti), (2) bhASya (bhAsa), (3) cUrNiyA~ (cuNNi), (4) saMskRta TIkAe~, aura (5) lokabhASAoM meM racita vyAkhyAe~ / niryuktiyA~ aura bhASya ye jaina AgamoM kI prAkRta padyabaddha TIkAe~ haiM jinameM vizeSa rUpa se pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyAe~ kI gaI haiN| isa vyAkhyA -zailI kA darzana hameM anuyogadvArasUtra meM hotA hai / para anuyogadvAra para na niryukti likhI gaI hai aura na koI bhASya hI likhA gayA hai| anuyogadvAra para sabase prAcIna vyAkhyAcUrNi hai| cUrNiyA~ prAkRta athavA saMskRta - mizrita prAkRta meM likhI gaI vyAkhyAe~ haiN| gadyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa cUrNiyoM meM bhAvanAbhivyakti nirbAdha gati se ho pAI hai| vaha bhASya aura niryukti kI apekSA adhika vistRta para caturmukhI jJAna kA srota hai| anuyogadvAra para do cUrNiyA~ upalabdha haiN| eka cUrNi ke racayitA jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa haiM, jo kevala aMgula pada para hai| dUsarI anuyogadvAracUrNi ke racayitA jinadAsagaNI mahattara haiM ve saMskRta aura prAkRta ke adhikArI vijJa the| inake guru kA nAma gopAlagaNI thA, jo vANijyakulakoTika gaNa aura vajrazAkhA ke vidvAn the86 aura unake vidyAguru pradyumna kSamAzramaNa the / 87 unake pitA kA nAma nAga thA88 aura mAtA kA nAma gopA thA / 89 jinadAsamahattara ke jIvana ke sambandha meM vizeSa sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai / nandI cUrNi ke anta meM unhoMne jo apanA paricaya diyA hai, vaha bahuta hI aspaSTa

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 237 hai / 9deg uttarAdhyayanacUrNi meM unhoMne apane guru kA nAma evaM kula, gaNa aura zAkhA kA ullekha kiyA hai, para svayaM ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA / 91 nizIthacUrNi ke prArambha meM unhoMne pradyumna kSamAzramaNa kA vidyAguru ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| nizIthacUrNi ke anta meM unhoMne apanA paricaya rahasya zailI meM diyA hai| ve likhate haiM- akArAdi svarapradhAna varNamAlA ko eka varga mAnane para avarga se savarga taka ATha varga banate haiM / prastuta krama se tRtIya 'ca' varga kA tRtIya akSara 'ja', caturtha 'Ta' varga kA paMcama akSara 'Na', paMcama 'ta' varga kA tRtIya akSara 'da', aSTama varga kA tRtIya akSara 'sa' tathA prathama 'a' varga kI mAtrA 'ikAra' dvitIya mAtA 'AkAra' ko kramazaH 'ja' aura 'da' ke sAtha milA dene para jo nAma hotA hai, usI nAma ko dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti ne prastuta cUrNi kA nirmANa kiyA hai / 92 cUrNi anuyogadvAracUrNi ke racayitA jinadAsagaNI mahattara hI haiM / unakA samaya vikrama saMvat 650 se 750 ke madhya hai| kyoMki nandIcUrNi kI racanA vikrama saMvat 733 meM huI hai| anuyogadvAracUrNi mUlasUtra kA anusaraNa karate hue likhI gaI hai| isa cUrNi meM prAkRta bhASA kA hI mukhya rUpa se prayoga huA hai / saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga atialpa mAtrA meM huA hai| isameM ArAma, udyAna, zivikA prabhRti zabdoM kI vyAkhyA hai| prArambha meM maMgala ke sambandha meM bhAvanandI kA svarUpa - vizleSaNa karate hue jJAna ke pA~ca bhedoM para cintana na kara yaha likhA hai ki isa para hama nandI cUrNi meM vyAkhyA kara cuke haiN| ataH usakA avalokana karane hetu prabuddha pAThakoM ko sUcana kiyA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki anuyogadvAracUrNi nandI cUrNi ke pazcAt likhI gaI / anuyogavidhi aura anuyogArtha para cintana karate hue Avazyaka para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| AnupUrvI para vivecana karate hue kAlAnupUrvI kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue unhoMne pUrvAMgoM kA paricaya diyA hai| sapta svaroM kA saMgIta kI dRSTi se gaharAI se cintana kiyA hai / vIra, zRMgAra, adbhuta, raudra, brIDanaka, vIbhatsa, hAsya, karuNa aura prazAnta ina nau rasoM kA sodAharaNa nirUpaNa hai| AtmAMgula, utsedhAMgula, prAmANAMgula, kAlapramANa, manuSya Adi prANiyoM kA pramANa garbhaja Adi mAnavoM kI saMkhyA Adi para

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* 238 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jJAna aura pramANa, saMkhyAta-asaMkhyAta, ananta Adi viSayoM para bhI cUrNikAra ne prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ___ AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa, jo suprasiddha bhASyakAra rahe haiM, jinhoMne anuyogadvAra ke aMgula pada para eka cUrNi likhI thI, usa cUrNi ko jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne akSarazaH uddhRta kiyA hai|93 prastuta cUrNi meM AcArya ne apanA nAma bhI diyA hai|94 TIkA-sAhitya cUrNi ke pazcAt jaina manISiyoM ne Agama-sAhitya para saMskRta meM aneka TIkAe~ likhI haiN| TIkAkAroM meM AcArya haribhadrasUri kA nAma sarvaprathama hai| ve prAcIna TIkAkAra haiN| haribhadrasUri pratApapUrNa pratibhA ke dhanI AcArya the| unhoMne aneka AgamoM kI TIkAe~ likhI haiN| anuyogadvAra para bhI unakI eka mahattvapUrNa TIkA hai, jo anuyogadvAracUrNi kI zailI para likhI gaI hai| TIkA ke prArambha meM unhoMne sarvaprathama zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kara anuyogadvAra para vivRtti likhane kI pratijJA kI hai|95 anuyogavRtti kA nAma unhoMne ziSyahitA diyA hai| isa vRtti kI racanA nandI vivaraNa ke pazcAt huI hai|96 maMgala Adi zabdoM kA vivecana nandIvRtti meM ho jAne ke kAraNa isameM vivecana nahIM kiyA hai, aisA TIkAkAra kA mata hai| Avazyaka zabda para nikSepapaddhati se cintana kiyA hai| zruta para nikSepapaddhati se vicAra kara TIkAkAra ne caturvidha zruta ke svarUpa ko Avazyaka vivaraNa se samajhAne kA sUcana kiyA hai| skandha, upakrama Adi ko bhI nikSepa kI dRSTi se samajhAne ke pazcAt vistAra ke sAtha AnupUrvI kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| AnupUrvI ke anukrama, anuparipATI, ye paryAyavAcI batAye haiN| AnupUrvI ke pazcAt dvinAma se lekara dazanAma taka kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| pramANa para cintana karate hue vividha aMguloM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura samaya se lekara palyopama-sAgaropama taka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhAvapramANa ke varNana meM pratyakSa, anumAna, aupamya, Agama, darzana, cAritranaya aura saMkhyA para vicAra kiyA hai| jJAnanaya aura kriyAnaya ke samanvaya kI upayogitA siddha kI gaI hai|97 anuyogadvAra para dUsarI vRtti maladhArI AcArya hemacandra kI hai| AcArya hemacandra mahAn pratibhA-sampanna aura AgamoM ke samartha jJAtA the| yaha vRtti ww

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 239 * sUtrasparzI hai| sUtra ke guru gambhIra rahasyoM ko isameM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| vRtti ke prArambha meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko, gaNadhara gautama prabhRti AcAryavarga ko evaM zruta devatA ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| __ vRttikAra ne isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki prAcIna medhAvI AcAryoM ne cUrNi va TIkAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| unameM una AcAryoM kA prakANDa pANDitya jhalaka rahA hai| tathApi maiMne mandabuddhi vyaktiyoM ke lie isa para vRtti likhI hai| yaha vRtti granthakAra kI praur3ha racanA hai| kRti ke adhyayana se granthakAra kI gahana adhyayanazIlatA kA anubhava hotA hai| Agama ke marmasparzI vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya Agama ke eka marmajJa vidvAn the| unakI prastuta vRtti anuyogadvAra kI gahanatA ko samajhAne ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| AcArya haribhadra kI TIkA atyanta saMkSipta thI aura vaha mukhya rUpa se prAkRta cUrNi kA hI anuvAda thii| AcArya hemacandra ne suvistRta TIkA likhakara pAThakoM ke lie anuyogadvAra ko sarala aura sugrAhya banA diyA hai| vRtti meM yatra-tatra anya granthoM ke zloka uddhRta kie gaye haiN| vRtti kA granthamAna 5,900 zloka pramANa hai| para vRtti meM racanA ke samaya kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hai| ___ saMskRta TIkA yuga ke pazcAt loka bhASAoM meM bAlAvabodha kI racanAe~ prArambha huIM, kyoMki TIkAoM meM dArzanika viSayoM kI carcAe~ carama sImA para pahu~ca gaI thiiN| janasAdhAraNa una viSayoM ko sahaja rUpa se nahIM samajha sakatA thA, ataH janahita kI dRSTi se AgamoM ke zabdArtha karane vAle saMkSipta lokabhASAoM meM TabbAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| sthAnakavAsI AcArya muni dharamasiMha jI ne vikrama kI aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM sattAIsa AgamoM para bAlAvabodha Tabbe likhe| Tabbe mUlasparzI artha ko sparza karate haiN| sAmAnya vyaktiyoM ke lie ye bahuta hI upayogI haiN| anuyogadvAra para bhI eka TabbA likhA huA hai| ___TabbA ke pazcAt AgamoM kA anuvAda-yuga prArambha huaa| AcArya amolaka RSi jI ma. ne sthAnakavAsI paramparAmAnya battIsa AgamoM kA hindI anuvAda kiyaa| usameM anuyogadvAra bhI eka hai| yaha anuvAda sAmAnya pAThakoM ke lie atyanta upayogI siddha huaa| zramaNasaMgha ke prathama AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma. ne AgamoM ke rahasyoM ko samudghATita karane hetu aneka AgamoM para hindI meM vyAkhyAe~ likhiiN| ve vyAkhyAe~ sarala, sarasa aura sugama haiN| unhoMne anuyogadvAra para bhI saMkSipta vivecana likhaa|

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* 240* mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke AcArya zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma. ne saMskRta meM vistRta TIkAe~ likhiiN| una TIkAoM kA hindI aura gujarAtI meM anuvAda bhI kiyaa| prAyaH unake racita battIsa AgamoM kI TIkAe~ mudrita ho cukI haiN| lekhaka ne aneka granthoM ke uddharaNa bhI diye haiN| isa prakAra anuyogadvArasUtra para aneka mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne kArya kiyA hai| jaba prakAzana yuga prArambha huA taba sarvaprathama san 1880 meM anuyogadvArasUtra maladhArI hemacandrakRta vRtti sahita rAyabahAdura dhanapatasiMha, kalakattA se prakAzita huaa| usake pazcAt san 1915-1916 meM vahI Agama devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI se prakAzita huA hai| punaH san 1924 meM Agamodaya samiti, bambaI se vaha vRtti prakAzita huI aura san 1939-1940 meM kesarabAI jJAna mandira, pATana se yaha vRtti prakAzita huii| san 1928 meM anuyogadvAra haribhadrakRta vRtti sahita RSabhadeva jI kezarImala jI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma se prakAzita huaa| vIra saMvat 2446 meM sukhadevasahAya jvAlAprasAda jauharI, haidarAbAda ne anuyogadvAra AcArya amolaka RSi jI dvArA kiye gaye hindI anuvAda ko prakAzita kiyaa| san 1931 meM zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina kaoNnphreMsa, bambaI ne upAdhyAya zrI AtmArAma jI ma. kRta hindI anuvAda kA pUrvArdha prakAzita kiyA aura usakA uttarArdha murArIlAla caraNadAsa jaina, paTiyAlA ne prakAzita kiyaa| anuyogadvArasUtra kA mUla pATha aneka sthaloM se prakAzita huA hai, para mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI kA saMskaraNa apanI zAnI kA hai| zuddha mUla pATha ke sAtha hI prAcInatama pratiyoM ke AdhAra se mahattvapUrNa TippaNa bhI diye haiM aura AgamaprabhAvaka zrI puNyavijaya jI ma. kI mahattvapUrNa prastAvanA bhI hai| prastuta Agama svargIya santaratna yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni jI ma. ne Agama battIsI ke prakAzana kA dAyittva vahana kiyA aura unakI prabala preraNA se utprerita hokara aneka mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne Agama sampAdana kA kArya prArambha kiyaa| vividha manISiyoM ke puruSArtha se svalpa samaya meM aneka Agama prakAzita hokara prabuddha pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM phuNce| prAyaH zuddha mUla pATha, artha aura saMkSipta vivecana ke kAraNa yaha saMskaraNa atyadhika lokapriya huA hai|

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 241 prastuta jinAgama granthamAlA ke antargata anuyogadvArasUtra kA zAnadAra prakAzana hone jA rahA hai| pUrva paramparA kI taraha isameM bhI zuddha mUla pATha, hindI anuvAda aura vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa Agama ke sampAdaka aura vivecaka haiM upAdhyAya zrI kevala muni jI ma. / Apa jyotipuruSa jainadivAkara zrI cauthamala ma. ke ziSyaratna haiN| Apa prasiddha pravacanakAra, saMgItakAra, kahAnIkAra, upanyAsakAra aura nibandhakAra haiN| ApakI tIna darjana se adhika pustakeM vividha vidhAoM meM prakAzita huI haiM aura ve atyadhika lokapriya bhI huI haiN| ApazrI jIvana ke uSAkAla meM gItakAra rahe, zatAdhika sarasa - sarala bhajanoM kA nirmANa kara jana-jana ke priya bane / usake pazcAt vividha viSayoM para kahAniyA~ likhIM, kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se unhoMne jana-jIvana meM sukha aura zAnti kA sarasabja bAga kisa prakAra lahalahA sakatA hai, isa para prakAza ddaalaa| usake pazcAt unakI lekhanI upanyAsa kI vidhA kI ora mudd'ii| paurANika, aitihAsika, dhArmika kathAoM ko unhoMne upanyAsa vidhA meM prastuta kara janamAnasa kA dhyAna jaina - sAhitya ko par3hane ke lie utprerita kiyaa| sAtha hI unhoMne lalita zailI meM nibandha likhakara apanI utkRSTa sAhityika ruci kA paricaya diyA / anuyogadvAra jaina Agama - sAhitya meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai jaisA ki hama pUrva paMktiyoM meM batA cuke haiN| anuyogadvAra kA sampAdana karanA bahuta hI kaThina hai| kintu upAdhyAya zrI jI ne sundara sampAdana kara apanI prakRSTa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| yaha sampAdana apane Apa meM anUThA hai / jijJAsu pAThakoM ke lie anuyogadvAra kA yaha sundara saMskaraNa ati upayogI siddha hogA / sampAdanakalA vizArada paM. zobhAcanda jI bhArilla ne apanI tIkSNa dRSTi se parimArjana kara sone meM sugandha kA kArya kiyA hai| maiM prastuta Agama para bahuta hI vistAra se prastAvanA likhanA cAhatA thA, para pUnA santa-sammelana hone ke kAraNa pAlI se pUnA pahu~canA bahuta hI Avazyaka thA / nirantara vihAra - yAtrA calane ke kAraNa tathA sammelana ke bhIr3a-bhare vAtAvaraNa meM bhI likhanA sambhava nahIM thA / sammelana meM mahAmahima rASTrasaMta AcAryasamrAT zrI Ananda RSi jI ma. ne mujhe saMgha kA uttaradAyittva pradAna kiyA, isalie samayAbhAva rahanA svAbhAvika thaa| udhara prastAvanA ke lie nirantara Agraha AtA rahA ki laghu prastAvanA hI likhakara bheja deM / samayAbhAva ke kAraNa saMkSepa meM hI kucha likha gayA hU~ / yadi kabhI samaya mila gayA to vistAra

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242 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana se anuyogadvAra para likhane kI bhAvanA rakhatA hU~ / parama zraddheya sadguruvarya upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI ma. kA maiM kina zabdoM meM AbhAra vyakta kruuN| unakI apAra kRpA mujha para rahI hai| prastuta prastAvanA likhane meM bhI unakA patha-pradarzana mere lie sambala rUpa meM rahA hai| anta meM maiM AzA karatA hU~ ki prabuddha pAThakagaNa prastuta Agama kA svAdhyAya kara apane jJAna kI abhivRddhi kareMge aura jIvana ko pAvana - pavitra banAyeMge / udghRta saMdarbha-sthala sUcI 1. "Rssidrshnaat|' 2. "sAkSAtkRtadharmANo RSayo bubhUvuH / " 3. "sAsijjae teNa tahiM vA neyamAvAvato satthaM / " TIkA- "zAsu anuziSTau zAsyate jJeyamAtmA vA'nenAsmAdasminniti vA zAstram / " - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1384 4. "suttaM gaNadharakadhidaM, taheva patteyabuddhakadhidaM ca / sudakevaliNA kadhidaM, abhiNNadasapuvvi kadhidaM ca // " 5. " appaggaMtha mahatthaM, battIsA dosavirahiyaM jaM ca / lakkhaNajuttaM suttaM, aTThehi guNehi uvaveyaM // appakkharamasaMdiddhaM ca, sAravaM vissao muhaM / atthobhamaNavajjaM ca, suttaM savvaNNubhAsiyaM // " 6. "malinasya yathAtyantaM jalaM vastrasya zodhanam / antaHkaraNaratnasya, tathA zAstraM vidurbudhAH // " - nirukta 2/11 -vahI 1/20 -mUlAcAra 5/80 - Avazyakaniryukti 880, 886 - yogabindu prakaraNa 2 / 9 7. samavAyAMga 14/136 8. "ahavA taM samAsao duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahA - aMgapaviTTha aMgabAhiraM ca / " 9. (ka) Avazyaka niryukti 363-377 (kha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya 2284-2295 (ga) dazavaikAlikaniryukti, 3 TIkA 10. " yujyate saMbadhyate bhagavaduktArthena saheti yogaH / " 11. "aNusUtaM mahAnarthastato mahatorthasyANunA sUtreNa yogo anuyogaH / " 12. dekho - 'aNuoga' zabda, pRSTha 340 - nandIsUtra 43

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 13. " aNuNA jogo aNujogo, aNupacchAbhAvao ya theve y| jamhA pacchA'bhihiyaM, suttaM thovaM ca teNANu // " 14. " sUtrasyArthena sahAnukUlaM yojanamanuyogaH / athavA abhidheye vyApAraH sUtrasya yogaH // anukUlo'nurUpa vA yogo anuyogaH / yathA ghaTazabdena ghaTasya pratipAdanamiti // " 15. Avazyakaniryukti hAribhadrIyA vRtti 130 16. (ka) samavAyAMga, abhayadeva vRtti 147 - Avazyakaniryukti, malayagiri vRtti ni. 127 (kha) sthAnAMga 4 / 1/ 262, pRSTha 200 17. jambUdvIpaprajJapti - prameyaratnamaMjUSA vRtti, pRSTha 4-5 18. "aNujoyaNamaNujogo suyassa, niyaeNa jamAbhidheyeNaM / vAvAro vA jogo jo, aNuruvo'NukUlo vA // " 19. "parikkame, suttAI, puvvagae, aNuyoge, cUliyA / " - bRhatkalpa 1, gAthA 190 - zrImalayagirIyAnaMdIvRtti, pRSTha 235 - zrInandIcUrNi mUla, pRSTha 58 20. "paDhamANuoge, gaMDiyANuoge / " 21. "iha mUlabhAvastu tIrthaMkaraH tasya prathamaM pUrvabhavAdi athavA mUlassa paDhamANuoge etthatitvagarassa atItabhavapariyAya parisattaI bhANiyavvA / " - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1383, 22. " se kiM taM gaMDiyANuyoge ? gaMDiyANuyoge aNegavihe paNatte" 23. "paJcakalpacUrNi / " 24. " cattAriu aNuogA, caraNe dhamma gaNiyANuoge ya / daviyA'Nuoge ya tahA, jahakammaM te mahaDDhIyA // " 27. tattvArthavRtti 254/15 28. (ka) Avazyaka niryukti 363-777 (kha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya 2284-2295 243 * - zrInaMdIvRtticUrNi, pRSTha 58 25. "prathamAnuyogo-caraNAnuyogo-karaNAnuyogo-dravyAnuyogo catuSTayarUpe caturvidhaM zrutajJAnaM jJAtavyam / " 26. paMcAstikAya 173 - zrIsamavAyAMgavRtti, pRSTha 120 - kAlakAcArya prakaraNa, pRSTha 23-24 - abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 256 ityuktalakSaNAnuyoga - dravyasaMgraha TIkA 42/182 "

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* 244 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana -ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 43 29. "gRhamedhyanagArANAM, caaritrotptti-vRddhirkssaanggm| caraNAnuyogasamayaM, samyagjJAnaM vijaanaati||' -ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 45 30. dravyasaMgraha TIkA 42/182/9 / / 31. "sakaletaracAritra-janma rakSA vivRddhikRt| vicAraNIyazcaraNAnuyogazcaraNAdRtaiH // ' -anagAradharmAmRta 3/11, paM. AzAdhara jI 32. "dhammakahA nAma jo, ahiMsAdilakkhaNaM svvnnnnupnniiyN| dhammaM aNuyogaM vA, kahei esA dhmmkhaa||' -dazavaikAlikacUrNi, pRSTha 29 33. "ahiMsAlakSaNadharmAnvAkhyAnaM dhrmkthaa|" -anuyogadvAra TIkA, pRSTha 10 34. "yato'bhyudayaniH, shreysaarth-sNsiddhirNjsaa| saddharmastannibaddhA yA, sA saddharmakathA smRtaa||" __ -mahApurANa, mahAkavi puSpadaMta 1/120 35. "prathamAnuyogamAkhyAnaM, caritaM purANamapi punnym| bodhisamAdhinidhAnaM, bodhati bodhaH smiiciinH||' 36. "lokAloka-vibhakteyugaparivRttezcaturgatInAM c| Adarzamiva tathA matiravaiti karaNAnuyogaM c||" -vahI 44 37. "jIvAjIvasutattve, puNyApuNye ca bandhamokSau c| dravyAnuyoga-dIpaH, zrutavidyA lokmaatnute||' -vahI 46 38. "davvassa jo'Nuogo, davye davveNa davvaheU vaa| davvassa pajjaveNa va, jogo davveNa vA jogo|| bahuvayaNao'vi evaM neo, jo vA kahe annuvutto| davvANuoga eso " -vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1398-1399 39. "jAvaMtaM ajjavairA, apuhuttaM kaaliaannuogss| teNAreNa puhuttaM, kAliasui diTThivAe a||" -Avazyakaniyukti, malayagiri vRtti, gAthA 163, pRSTha 383 40. "yAvadAryavajrA-AryavajrasvAmino mukho mahAmatayapastAvatkAlikAnuyogasya kAlikazrutavyAkhyAnasyApRthaktvaM-pratisUtraM caraNakaraNAnuyogAdInAmavibhAgena vartanamAsIt, tadAsAdhUnAM tiikssnnprjnytvaat| kAlikagrahaNaM prAdhAnyakhyApanArtham, anyathA srvaanuyogsyaapRthktvmaasiit|" -vahI, pRSTa 383, prakAzana-Agamodaya samiti 41. "apuhutte aNiogo, cattAri duvAra bhAsae ego| puhuttANuoga karaNe, te attha taovi vocchinnA //

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 245 kiM vairehiM puhuttaM, kayamaha tadaNaMtarehiM bhaNiyammi / tadaNaMtarehiM tadabhihiya, gahiya suttattha sArehi // " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 2286-2287 42. (ka) "deviMdavaMdiehi, mahANubhAvohi rakkhiyajjehiM / jugumAsajja vibhatto aNuyogo to kao cauhA // cattAri aNuyoga, caraNadhammagaNiyANuyoga ya / vviNuyoge tahA, jahakkamaM mahiDDhiyA // " (kha) "kAliya suyaM ca isibhAsiAI, taio a sUrapannattI / savvoa diTTivAo, cautthao hoi aNuogo // " - Avazyakaniryukti 124 43. "aNuyogo aNiyogo, bhAsa vibhAsA ya vattiyaM ceva / ete aNuogassa tu NAmA egaTTiyA pNc||" - Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 126, vizeSAvazyaka 1382, bRhatkalpabhASya 187 44. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1418-1420 - abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa 45. bRhatkalpabhASya, gAthA 195-196, 198-199 46. naMdisuttaM - aNuogaddArAI - prastAvanA, puNyavijaya jI ma., pRSTha 37 - 39 47. "suyaM suttaM gaMthaM siddhanta, sAsaNaM ANa tti vayaNa uvaeso / paNNavaNe Agame vi ya, egaTThA pajjavA sutte // " 48. "gaNa kAya nikAe cie, khaMdhe vagge taheva rAsI ya / puMje ya piNDe nigare, saMghAe Aula samUhe // " - sUtra 12, gAthA 1 ( skandhAdhikAra) 49. pratyakSapramANa kA vistRta vivaraNa nandIsUtra ke vivecana meM diyA gayA hai| isake atirikta dekhie- lekhaka kA 'jaina Agama sAhitya : manana mImAMsA' grantha 50. jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa ( lekhaka - devendra muni zAstrI), pRSTha 376-405 niyato nizcito kSepo nikSepaH // " 53. "juttI sujuttamagge jaM, caubheyeNa hoi khalu ThavaNaM / vajje sadi NAmAdisu taM NikkhevaM have samaye // " 54. "vastu nAmAdiSu kSipatIti nikSepaH / " 51. "gahaNaM AdANaM ti hoti, Nisaddo tahAhiyatthammi / khiva peraNe va bhaNito, ahiukkhevo tU Nikkhevo // " - jItakalpabhASya 809 ( babalacandra kezavalAla modI, ahamadAbAda ) 52. "nikSipyate'neneti nikSepaH / - sUtra 42, gAthA 1 - sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi 1, pRSTha 17 - vRhadnayacakra 269 -nayacakra 48

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246 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 55. "saMzayaviparyaye anadhyavasAye vA sthitastebhyo'pasArya nizcaye kSipatIti nikSepaH / " 56. "Nicchae NiNNae khivadi tti Nikkheo / " 57. "nAmasthApanAdravyabhAvatastannyAsaH / " 58. "upAyo nyAsa ucyate / " 59. "anugamyate'nenAsmizceti anugamaH / " 60. "atthAto suttaM aNu, tassa aNurUvagamaNattAo 61. "sUtrArthAnukUlagamanaM vA anugamaH / " 62. "sUtrapaThanAdanu pazcAd gamanaM - vyAkhyAnamanugamaH / anusUtramartho gamyate- jJAyate anenetyanugamaH // " - dhavalA 1/1/1/1, gAthA 11/17 - uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 9 anugamo / " - dhavalA 4 / 1, 3, 1/2/6 - vahI, pu. 1, pRSTha 10 - tattvArthasUtra 1/5 - anuyogadvAracUrNi, pRSTha 18 - vahI pRSTha 23 - anuyogadvAra, malladhArI TIkA, pRSTha 54 -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, pRSTha 234 63. "nayaMti gamayaMti prApnuvaMti vastu ye te nayAH / " 64. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pRSTha 676 65. sarvArthasiddhi 1/33 66. "jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva honti nnyvaayaa|" - sanmatitarka, gAthA 47 67. "satta mUlanayA paM. taM. - negame, saMgahe, vavahAre, ujjusute, sadde, samabhirUDhe, evaMbhUte / - sthAnAMga 7 / 552 68. " se kiM taM NayagatI ? jaNNaM NegamasaMgahavavahA raujjusuyasaddasamabhirUDhaevaMbhUyANaM nayANaM jA gatI, athavA savvaNayA vi jaM icchati / " - prajJApanA, pRSTha 16 - anuyogadvAra 148 - jainatarka bhASA 69. "tihaM saddanayANaM / " 70. "sAmAnyavizeSAdyanekadharmopanayanaparo'dhyavasAyo naigamaH / " saMgrahaH / " 74. "samamekI bhAvasamyaktve, vartamAno hi gRhyate / niruktyA lakSaNaM tasya, tathAsati vibhAvyate // " 75. "vyavahAramanapekSya sattAdirUpeNa sakalavastusaMgrAhakaH 71. " NegehiM mANehiM miya itti Negamassa ya niruttI / " 72. " sAmAnyamAtragrAhI parAmarzaH saMgrahaH / " 73. "svajAtyavirodhenaikadhyamupAnIya paryAyAnAkrAntabhedAn vizeSeNa samastagrahaNAt - sarvArthasiddhi 1/33 - anuyogadvArasUtra -- jainatarkabhASA - zlokavArtika 1/33 - dhavalAkhaNDa 13 76. "saMgraheNa gocarIkRtAnAmathAnAM vidhipUrvakamavaharaNaM yenAbhisaMdhinA kriyate sa vyavahAraH / " - jainatarka bhASA saMgrahanayaH / "

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anuyogadvArasUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 247 * 77. "saMgraheNa gRhItArthasya bhedarUpatayA vastu yena vyavahriyate iti vyvhaarH|" -AptaparIkSA 9 78. (ka) "Rju vartamAnakSaNasthAyiparyAyamAnaM prAdhAnyataH sUtrayannabhiprAya RjusuutrH|" (kha) "paccuppannagAhI ujjusuo NayavihI munneavvo|" -jainatarkabhASA 79. "kAlAdibhedena dhvanerarthabhedaM pratipadyamAnaH shbdH| kAlakArakaliMgasaMkhyApuruSopasargAH kaalaadyH|" -vahI 80. "paryAyazabdeSu niyuktibhedena bhinnamarthaM samabhirohan smbhiruuddhH|' -vahI 81. "yenAtmanAbhUtastenaivAdhyavasAyatIti evNbhuutH| -sarvArthasiddhi 1/33 82. 'nandIsuttaM anuyogadArAI' kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 52-70 83. "apuhuttamegabhAvo sutte, sutte suvittharaM jtth| bhannaMtaNuogA, crnndhmmsNkhaanndvvaann||" -Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti, pRSTha 383 84. "jAvaMti ajjavairA, apuhuttaM kAliyANuoge y| teNAreNa puhuttaM, kAliyasuya diTThivAye y||" -vahI 85. (ka) Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti, pRSTha 399 (kha) prabhAvakacaritra 240-243, pRSTha 17 (ga) RSimaNDala stotra 210 86. "vANijakulasaMbhUto, koDiyagaNito ya vjjsaahiito| govAliyamahattarao, vikkhAto Asi logmmi|| sasamaya-parasamayaviU, oyassI dehigaM sugNbhiiro| sIsagaNasaMparivuDo, vakkhANaratippiyo aasii|| tesiM sIseNa imaM, uttajjhayaNANa cuNNirakhaMDaM tu| raiyaM aNuggahatthaM, sIsANaM mNdbuddhiinnN||' -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, gAthA 1-3 87. "savisesAyarajuttaM, kAu paNAmaM ca atthdaayiss| pajjuNNakhamAsamaNassa, crnn-krnnaannupaalss||" -nizIthavizeSacUrNi pIThikA 2 88. "saMkarajaDamauDavibhUsaNassa, tnnnnaamsrisnnaamss| tassa suteNesa katA, visesacuNNI nnisiihss||" -vahI, uddezaka 13 89. "rvikrmbhidhaannkkhrsttmvggNt-akkhrjuennN| NAmaM jassitthie, suteNa tise kayA cunnnnii||" -vahI, uddezaka 15 90. "NireNagamattaNahasadAjiyA psuptisNkhgjtttthitaakulaa| kamaTTitA dhImataciMtiyakkharA phuDaM, kaheyaMta'bhidhANa kttunno||' -nandIcUrNi 1

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* 248 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 91. uttarAdhyayanacUrNi 1-3 92. "ti cau paNa aTThamavagge, ti tiga akkharA va teNsi| paDhamatatiehI tidusarajuehI NAmaM kayaM jss||' -nizIthacUrNi 93. gaNadharavAda paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pRSTha 211 94. "zrI zvetAmbarAcArya zrI jinadAsagaNimahattara-pUjyapAdAnAmanuyogadvArANAM cuurnniH|" -anuyogadvAracUrNi 95. "praNipatya jinavarendra, tridazendranarendrapUjitaM viirm| anuyogadvArANAM prakaTArthAM, vivRttimbhidhaarye||' -anuyogadvAra vRtti 1 96. "nndydhyynvyaakhyaansmnntrmevaanuyogdvaaraadhyynaavkaashH|" -vahI, pRSTha 1 97. "vijJaptiH phaladA puMsAM, na kriyA phaladA mtaa| mithyAjJAnAtpravRttasya, phlaasNvaaddrshnaat|| kriyaiva phaladA puMsAM, na jJAnaM phaladaM mtm| yataH strIbhakSyabhogajJo, na jJAnAtsukhito bhvet||" -vahI, pRSTha 126-127

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(Wan nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana

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.. . .. . . . 2000 . . . . .

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vAstavika Ananda kahA~, kisameM aura kaba ? saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sukha kI zodha meM bhaTaka rahA hai| sukha prApti ke lie vaha nAnA prakAra ke upAya karatA hai, aneka padArthoM aura pA~coM indriyoM ko sukha prApti kA upAya samajhakara Asaktivaza apanAtA hai / parantu jina padArthoM, viSayabhogoM athavA vyaktiyoM ko usane Asaktivaza apanAyA yA apanAkara sukha kA svapna dekhA, bhautika samRddhi ke sarovara meM nahAkara Ananda kI kalpanA kI, utanA hI vaha vAstavika sukha se, parama Ananda se, Atmika samRddhi se dUrAtidUra hotA gayA / saMsAra kA prAyaH pratyeka prANI duHkha, kaSTa, pIr3A, azAnti aura vipatti Adi kI bhISaNa jvAlA se paritrANa pAne ke lie yadyapi idhara-udhara bhAga-daur3a kara rahA hai; phira bhI usa avyAbAdha ajasra sukha kI ananta dhArA se bahuta dUra hotA jA rahA hai| use Atmika sukha yA parama Ananda tathA sarvakarmakSaya hone se nirvANarUpa ananta zAnti kI prApti na hone meM mUlabhUta kAraNa hai - ajJAna, mithyAtva evaM mithyA jJAna / ajJAna hI use saMsArarUpI bhayaMkara aTavI meM bhaTakAne vAlA hai / jaba manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM ajJAna, mithyA jJAna, mithyAtva evaM moha kI andhakAramayI bhISaNa A~dhI calatI hai, taba vaha bhrAnta hokara apane lakSya kI dizA tathA AtmAnanda ke patha se bhaTaka jAtA hai| aise ajJAnAndhakAra meM bhaTakate hue prANI kI AtmA meM jyoM hI jJAnAloka kI ananta razmiyA~ prasphuTita hotI haiM, tyoM hI use nija svarUpa kA bhAna evaM parijJAna ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM jaba vaha parabhAvoM aura vibhAvoM se haTakara Atma-bhAvoM meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai, taba use apanI AtmA meM hI vidyamAna parama Ananda, nijAnanda yA ananta avyAbAdha Atmika sukha tathA vikalpa zUnya nirAkulatAnirvikalpatA se yukta AtmAnanda kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pAvApurI ke apane antima pravacana meM isI tathya kI ora nirdeza kiyA hai "nANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe, antrANa- mohassa vivajjaNAe / rAgassa dosassa u saMkhaeNa, egaMta- sokkhaM samuvei mokkhaM // ""

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* 252 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana isakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki samagra jJAna ke prakAza se, ajJAna aura moha se rahita ho jAne para tathA rAga aura dveSa ke kSaya ho jAne se AtmA ekAnta sukharUpa mokSa ko prApta kara letI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki eka mAtra zuddha samyak jJAna hI avyAbAdha sukha kA, parama Ananda kA mUla srota hai| jJAna AtmA kA nijI guNa : kintu AvRta hone se prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA jJAna AtmA kA nijI guNa bhI hai, vaha AtmA meM hI vidyamAna hai, pRthak nahIM hai, kintu rAga, dveSa, mohAdivaza karmoM se AvRta, kuNThita, suSupta evaM bhrAnta hone ke kAraNa AtmA apane pAsa samyak jJAna hote hue bhI avidyA, mithyAtva evaM ajJAna ke kAraNa duHkha pAtA rahatA hai / vaha duHkhabIja bhautika yA vaiSayika sukha ko hI sukha samajha letA hai aura iSTa-viyoga tathA aniSTa - saMyoga meM duHkha kI evaM iSTa-saMyoga aura aniSTa-viyoga meM sukha kI kalpanA karatA rahatA hai aura rAga, dveSa, moha ke kAraNa karmabandha karake janma-maraNAdi rUpa duHkha pAtA rahatA hai / ekAnta Atmika sukha kI prApti samyak jJAna meM sva-puruSArtha se hI niSkarSa yaha hai ki ekAnta avyAbAdha rUpa Atmika sukha yA parama Ananda kI prApti use tabhI ho sakegI, jaba vaha mithyA jJAna, mithyAtva, ajJAna evaM mohAdi ke zilAkhaNDoM ko svakIya puruSArtha se httaayegaa| cU~ki jainadarzana aisI jJAta yA ajJAta kisI anya zakti ko svIkAra nahIM karatA, jo usake ajJAna ko dUra kara de aura usameM samyak jJAna kA prakAza bhara de / yadi aisA hotA to koI bhI manuSya ajJAnAndhakAra meM na bhaTakatA, sabhI prANI samyak jJAna ke prakAza ko pAkara sukhI, zAnta, santuSTa evaM Anandamagna ho jAte; kintu aisA nahIM hai| jitane bhI pUrNa jJAnI yA samyak jJAnavAn Atma-jJAnI yA AtmavAn hue haiM, unhoMne jijJAsu, mumukSu, AtmArthI yA zreyArthI bhavya jIvoM ko apane yathArtha anubhava ke AdhAra para satya-jJAna kA mArgadarzana avazya kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrthaMkarokta samyak jJAna ke lie jo svayaM satpuruSArtha nahIM karate, unake lie kahA hai " jAvaMta'vijjA purisA, savve te dukkhasaMbhavA / luMpati bahuso mUDhA, saMsArammi anaMtae // 2

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 253 "jitane bhI avidyAvAn (ajJAnI, mithyA jJAnI) puruSa haiM, ve saba apane lie duHkhoM ko utpanna karate haiM, ve mUr3ha isa janma-maraNAdi duHkhabahula ananta saMsAra meM bAra-bAra bhaTakate haiM / " bhagavad gItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai- ( AtmA kA) "samyak jJAna ajJAna se AvRta hai, isI kAraNa prANI mUrcchita - mohita ho jAte haiM / " 3 Atma-jJAna se kyA upalabdha hotA hai ? Azaya yaha hai ki manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM jaba ajJAna, avidyA yA mithyAtva kA bhISaNa andhakAramaya aMdhar3a calatA hai, taba vaha bhrAnta hokara apane puruSArtha kI yathArtha dizA aura AtmA ke nijI guNoM ke patha se bhaTaka jAtA hai| parantu jyoM hI vaha para - pariNati se haTakara AtmA ke sva-bhAvoM- sva- guNoM meM ramaNa karatA hai to use apane nija svarUpa kA, nijAnanda kA, sva-zakti kA, jJAna- bhAna ho jAtA hai, jo use AtmA ke ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta Atmika sukha aura Atma-zakti kI ora satata Age bar3hane aura mokSa rUpa antima lakSya ko prApta karane kI ora iMgita karatA rahatA hai| agara kisI manuSya ko Atma-jJAna (samyak jJAna) ho jAtA hai to use jIvana kI vibhinna samasyAoM kA tathA vibhinna rUpoM kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai / sAMsArika prANI, khAsataura se mAnava ke jIvana meM kevala sukha yA Ananda hI nahIM hai aura na kevala duHkha hai / yadi kevala bhautika yA vaiSayika sukha hI sukha jIvana meM hotA to manuSya Uba jAtA; vaha sukha bhI use duHkharUpa pratIta hotA / mAnava aura mAnavetara prANiyoM kA astittva pRthak-pRthak hote hue bhI Atma-jJAna unameM paraspara Atmaupamya sambandha kA pratipAdana tathA maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura madhyastha bhAvanAoM ke vyavahAra kA kathana karatA hai| jainadarzana mokSavAdI darzana hai| sAtha hI anekAntavAdI hone se vyavahAra aura nizcaya donoM dRSTiyoM se vastutattva kA jJAna karAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadharma ke tIrthaMkaroM ne tathA gaNadharoM, AcAryoM tathA pUrvadharoM ne AgamoM meM yatra-tatra zarIra aura AtmA kA, AtmA aura anAtmA kA, yAnI cetana (jIva ) aura acetana kA, sAdhu aura asAdhu kA, dharma aura adharma kA, puNya aura pApa kA, Asrava aura saMvara kA, bandha aura nirjarA tathA mokSa kA, karmoM se mukta aura amukta kA tathaiva svabhAva aura vibhAva ( kaSAya, rAga, dveSAdi) kA spaSTa parijJAna batAyA hai| sAtha hI jJaparijJA se heya - upAdeya ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara

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254 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana pratyAkhyAna - parijJA se heya ko chor3ane aura upAdeya ko grahaNa karane kA vidhAna bhI kiyA hai, AcaraNa bhI batAyA hai| bhI jJAna aura AtmA pRthak-pRthak pratIta hote hue nizcaya dRSTi se abhinna - niSkarSa yaha hai ki jJAna aura AtmA vyavahAra dRSTi se pRthak-pRthak pratIta hote hue bhI AcArAMgasUtra meM nizcaya dRSTi se donoM ko abhinna batAyA gayA hai" jo AtmA hai, vaha vijJAna (viziSTa jJAna ) hai, jo vijJAna (jJAna) hai, vaha AtmA hai|" AtmA yA jIva kA lakSaNa bhI upayoga (jJAna-darzana rUpa) athavA 'cetanA lakSaNa' kahA gayA hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM bhI kahA gayA hai - "satyaM jJAnamanantaM brhm|" arthAt satya jJAna ananta hai, brahma rUpa hai| mokSavAdI dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM mukti ke lie jJAna kI prAthamikatA isIlie jJAnavAda ke prarUpaka mokSavAdI samasta dArzanikoM ne kahA- "Rte jJAnAnna mukti / "" arthAt jJAna ke binA mukti prApta nahIM hotI / jainadarzana kA bhI yahI abhimata hai ki kevalajJAna (pUrNa samyak jJAna ) prApta hue binA mukti sambhava nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "samyak darzana ( samyak dRSTi) ke binA jJAna samyak nahIM hotA aura samyak jJAna ke binA cAritra guNa samyak nahIM hotA aura samyak cAritra se rahita ko mokSa (sarvakarmamukti) nahIM hotA aura mokSa prApti se rahita ko nirvANa nahIM hotaa|" 6 isase spaSTa hai, mokSopAya ke sandarbha meM samyak jJAna ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai / saMsArI jIvoM kI AtmA kA jJAna to siddhoM ke samAna ananta hai, parantu abhI vaha karmoM se AvRta hai, kuNThita hai, suSupta hai athavA bhrAntarUpa meM hai, jJAna-sAdhanA meM samyak puruSArtha karane para jaba vaha anAvRta, prakhara evaM paripUrNa rUpa se prakaTa ho jAtA hai, taba AtmA apane pUrNa zuddha rUpa meM pahu~cakara ananta jJAna - ananta darzanamaya (kevalajJAnI - kevaladarzanI) ho jAtA hai| jJAna kI paripUrNatA hI AtmA kA- - vizeSataH sAdhaka AtmA kA carama lakSya hai| jJAna ke paripUrNa ho jAne para AtmA yathAzIghra karma, deha aura janma-maraNAdi ke duHkhoM se sarvathA vimukta ho jAtA hai| nandIsUtra meM jJAna se sambandhita samagra sAMgopAMga varNana yahI kAraNa hai ki 'nandIsUtra' meM AtmA ko paramAtma- pada yA mokSa prApta karane hetu vividha pahaluoM se jJAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| arthAt jJAna kyA hai ? vaha kitane prakAra kA hai ? usake bheda-prabheda kitane haiM ? unameM parokSa aura

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 255 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.pratyakSa jJAna kitane haiM ? jJAna ke vividha prakAroM ke lakSaNa kyA-kyA haiM ? ve kisa-kisa prakAra se prApta hote haiM ? samyak jJAna aura mithyA jJAna (ajJAna) kitane haiM ? unake kyA-kyA lakSaNa haiM ? jJAna ke mukhya srota rUpa Agama kitane haiM ? AgamoM tathA jJAna ke, zruta ke prarUpaka, upadeza, racayitA kauna-kauna haiM yA hue haiM ? Apta aura Agama kA lakSaNa kyA-kyA hai ? ityAdi jJAna se sambandhita sAMgopAMga varNana nandIsUtra ke mAdhyama se kiyA gayA hai| do prakAra se nirvacana karane para nandI kA jJAna ke sAtha sambandha spaSTa yadyapi jJAna-prApti ke pramukha srota Agama, zAstra yA sUtra hote haiM aura jisa-jisa Agama kA jaisA-jaisA nAma hai, tadanusAra usa Agama meM usa-usa viSaya se sambandhita varNana prAyaH kiyA gayA hai| parantu jaba hama prastuta Agama kA nAma 'nandIsUtra' par3hate-sunate haiM, taba buddhi sahasA nirNaya nahIM kara pAtI ki 'nandI' ke sAtha jJAna kA kyA sambandha hai ? isa Agama ko jJAna kA prarUpaka kyoM kahA gayA? isameM mukhyatayA paMcavidha jJAna kA hI varNana kyoM kiyA gayA? nandIsUtra nAmakaraNa karane ke pIche AcAryoM kA kyA Azaya rahA huA hai ? jJAna-prarUpaka isa zAstra kA nAma 'nandI' kyoM rakhA hai? AcAryoM ne isakA samAdhAna do dRSTiyoM se kiyA hai-(1) Ananda kI dRSTi se, (2) samRddhi kI dRSTi se| cUrNi kA mata hai-nandI zabda 'Tunadi samRddhau' dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai| samRddhi AnandadAyinI hone se nandI zabda kA nirvacana kiyA gayA hai-"nandanaM nandI" athavA "nandyate vA'neneti nndii|" / arthAt pramoda, harSa, Ananda yA kandarpa kA nAma nandI hai| athavA jisase pramoda, harSa yA Ananda prApta ho, use nandI kahate haiN| jise prApta karake AtmA ko Ananda, harSa yA pramoda (prasannatA) ho vaha nandI kahalAtA hai| jJAna AtmA kA nijI guNa hai, vaha AtmA kI vAstavika bhAva-sampadA hai| jaise cirakAla se khoI huI nijI dravya-sampadA prApta ho jAne para mAnava ko apUrva prasannatA hotI hai, Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai; isI prakAra ajJAna evaM mithyAtva ke kAraNa AtmA kI saghana rUpa se AvRta, suSupta, kuNThita yA lupta jJAnarUpI bhAva-sampadA jaba prApta yA prakaTa ho jAtI hai, taba mAnava ko apUrva Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai| isI dRSTi se jJAna ko athavA paMcavidha jJAna ke prarUpaka Agama ko 'nandI' zabda se vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai|

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* 256 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana nandI zabda : prastuta meM bhAva-samRddhi kA sUcaka 'Tunadi kriyA' samRddhi artha kI sUcaka hone se nandI kA nirvacana honA- "jo svayaM samRddhi rUpa ho athavA jisase samRddhi prApta ho, vaha nandI hai|" laukika aura lokottara donoM kSetroM meM samRddhi sabako Ananda evaM pramoda dene vAlI hotI hai| samRddhi pAkara manuSya hI kyA deva bhI prasanna hote haiN| ___ vaha samRddhi do prakAra kI hotI hai-dravya-samRddhi aura bhaav-smRddhi| cala-acala sampatti, ratna, maNi, muktA tathA bahumUlya vastra evaM anya sukhopabhoga ke sAdhana tathA vinayI evaM AjJAkArI strI, putra, pautrAdi parivAra ityAdi saba dravya-samRddhi meM parigaNita hote haiN| aisI dravya-samRddhi kI prApti sAMsArika prANiyoM ke lie AnandadAyinI evaM Amoda-pramodakAriNI hotI hai| parantu sAMsArika viSaya sukhopabhogoM tathA para-padArthoM se virakta, niHspRha evaM udAsIna sAdhaka varga ko bhAva-samRddhi hI AnandapradAyinI hotI hai| bhAva-samRddhi vaha hai, jise pAkara AtmA Ananda kA anubhava kare, AtmA meM kSamA, dayA, santoSa, mRdutA, RjutA Adi yA jJAnAdi ratnatrayaguNa prakaTa hoN| AtmA ke nijI guNa cAra haiM-ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta avyAbAdha sukha (Ananda) aura ananta balavIrya (Atmika shkti)| ina cAroM guNoM kA saghana rUpa se, samyak rUpa se prApta honA bhI bhAva-samRddhi kI prApti hai| samyak jJAna meM hI Atma-guNarUpa bhAva-samRddhi catuSTaya nihita manuSya kI antarAtmA meM ye jJAnAdi cAroM bhAva-sampadAe~ nihita haiN| eka dRSTi se dekhA jAya to ye cAroM bhAva-sampadAe~ AtmA kI bhAva-samRddhi haiN| samyak jJAna meM hI ye cAroM bhAva-samRddhiyA~ nihita haiM, isI tathya ko dRSTigata rakhakara isa zAstra kA nAma 'nandIsUtra' rakhA gayA hai| eka mAtra jJAna (ananta samyak jJAna) meM hI ye cAroM prakAra kI Atma-guNa samRddhiyA~ samAviSTa ho jAne se isakA anvarthaka nAma nandIsUtra rakhA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se nandIsUtra kA tAtparyArtha hogAcAroM prakAra kI Atma-guNa samRddhiyoM ke sUcaka jJAna kA jisa Agama meM sarvatomukhI sAMgopAMga varNana ho| isI Azaya se nandIsUtra meM AtmA kI mUlabhUta samRddhiyoM ke sUcaka jJAna kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| jJAna meM cAroM prakAra kI Atma-guNa samRddhiyA~ samAviSTa prazna hotA hai-jJAna meM cAroM prakAra kI Atma-guNa samRddhiyA~ nihita haiM, yaha kaise jAnA jAye ?

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *257* - . - . - . - . - . -. - . jJAna AtmA kA sva-para-prakAzaka hai jJAna AtmA kA prakAza hai| ise kisI dUsare prakAza kI jarUrata nhiiN| yaha svayaM bhI prakAzamAna hai aura para-padArthoM, vibhAvoM Adi kA bhI prakAzaka hai|10 eka vicAraka ke 'jJAna ko bahumUlya ratnoM se adhika prakAzakara' mAnA hai| siddha paramAtmA meM ananta zuddha samyak jJAna hotA hai, unakI stuti karate hue AcArya bhadrabAhu ne 'caturviMzatistava' meM kahA hai-"Aicesu ahiyaM pyaasyraa|"-aap (apane ananta jJAna dvArA) saikar3oM sUryoM se bhI adhika prakAza karane vAle haiN| tIrthaMkara AdinAtha (RSabhadeva) kI stuti karate hue mAnatuMgAcArya ne bhI kahA hai-"dIpo'parastvamasi nAtha ! jgtprkaashH|"11-he bhagavana ! Apa (nirdhama, telabattI se rahita tathA kabhI na bujhane vAle) samagra jagat ke prakAzaka (usa miTTI ke dIpaka se bhinna) zAzvata dIpaka haiN| prakaTa karane vAle haiN| isIlie uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai-"nANassa savvassa pgaasnnaae|"12 arthAt (sva-para-padArthoM ke) apane samagra jJAna ke prakAzana (prakaTana) na hone se| ataeva eka pAzcAtya vicAraka ne kahA-"Knowledge is Light."-jJAna AtmA kA nijI prakAza hai, bhAvAtmaka prakAza hai| jJAna sUrya kA prakAza ho jAne para manuSya apane jIvana meM Ane vAle ajJAna, mithyAtva, mithyA jJAna, bahama, andha-zraddhA, mithyA mAnyatA, andha-vizvAsa, pUrvAgraha, dvandva, ulajhana evaM bauddhika andhatA Adi sabako naSTa kara detA hai| chahoM bhAratIya darzanoM para prakhara TIkA likhane vAle vAcaspati mizra 12 varSa taka jJAna kI ArAdhanA meM itane gahare DUba gaye ki unheM bAharI duniyA~ kA bilkula hI bhAna nahIM rhaa| na hI maiM svayaM "bhAmatIdevI' ke sAtha vivAhita hU~, isakA smaraNa rhaa| brahmasUtra para TIkA likhane meM itane ekAgra ho gaye ki Atma-jJAna kA prakAza hI unheM isa bAhya duniyA~ kI moha, mAyA, Asakti Adi ke andhakAra se bacAne meM sakSama ho skaa|13 vAstava meM jJAna ke dvArA sAdhaka ke antara meM heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA yathArtha prakAza ho jAtA hai| jaba jJAna kA prakAza antara meM vyApta ho jAtA hai to manuSya ko sva-para kA, jar3a aura cetana kA tathA AtmA aura anAtmA kA bhedavijJAna, donoM kI pRthakatA kA prati kSaNa smaraNa anAyAsa hI ho jAtA hai| pavitra jJAna kA prakAza jisake antara meM ho jAtA hai, vaha vyakti jJAtA-draSTA banakara abhAvoM yA alpa sAdhanoM meM santuSTa evaM sukha-zAntimaya jIvana bitAtA hai| ataH jJAna AtmA kA prakAza hai, jo sadA ekarasa aura zAzvata hai, bandhanoM se mukta rakhane meM sakSama hai| isI taraha

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* 258 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana jJAna jIvana kA sarvopari tattva hai, vaha jIvana kA bahumUlya dhana hai| sabhI prakAra kI bhautika sampattiyA~ to yahIM samaya para naSTa ho jAtI haiM, kintu jJAnarUpI AdhyAtmika sampatti isa bhava meM, donoM bhavoM meM, hara sthiti meM sAtha rahatI hai| jJAna jIvana kA vaha prakAza hai, jo sabhI dvandvoM, ulajhanoM aura andhakAroM kI kArA se manuSya ko nikAlakara zAzvata patha para agrasara karatA hai| jJAna svayaM hI zAzvata dhana hai| isIlie sara DablyU. Tempila ne likhA hai-"jJAna hI manuSya kA parama (abhinna) mitra hai aura ajJAna hI usakA parama zatru hai|'' zeksapiyara ne bhI kahA hai-"jJAna hI prakAza hai aura ajJAna hI andhakAra hai|' prasiddha dArzanika pleTo ne kahA hai-"ajJAna hI samasta burAiyoM/vipattiyoM kI jar3a hai|"14 jIvana kI samasta vikRtiyoM aura vipadAoM kA kAraNa ajJAna hai| yaha jIvana kA sabase bar3A abhizApa hai jabaki jJAna jIvana kA sarvottama varadAna hai| bhagavad gItA meM kahA hai-"jJAna ke sadRza saMsAra meM koI pavitra tattva nahIM hai|'15 jJAna hI jIvana kA sArabhUta tattva hai| dekhA gayA hai ki kaI manuSyoM ke pAsa sukha-suvidhApUrNa jIvana bitAne ke paryApta sAdhanoM ke hote hue bhI ve apane ajJAna, avadhiA aura mithyA jJAna (mithyAtva) ke kAraNa azAnta, saMtapta aura udvigna rahate haiM, tanAva se grasta rahate haiN| isalie ajJAna aura avidyA ke kAraNa hI samAja meM samasta vikRtiyA~, burAiyA~ evaM zArIrika-mAnasika asvasthatAe~ paidA hotI haiN| ataH unake nivAraNa ke lie samyak jJAna hI eka mAtra sva-para-prakAzaka hone se atyanta Avazyaka hai| jJAna aura darzana donoM kA prakAza sAdhanAmaya jIvana ke lie atyAvazyaka samajhane hetu nandIsUtra meM isI kI carcA kI gaI hai|6 jJAna Anandamaya hai, avyAbAdha sukharUpa hai jJAna Anandamaya hai, kyoMki jJAna AtmA kA nijI guNa hai aura avyAbAdha Atmika sukha (Ananda) bhI AtmA kA guNa hai| kintu vaha jJAna ke antargata hI A jAtA hai| jaba manuSya ko sadjJAna prApta hotA hai to use apUrva Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI aura vinayavijaya jI vArANasI meM eka brAhmaNa paNDita ke pAsa adhyayana karate the| donoM kI buddhi atyanta prakhara thii| ina paNDita jI ke pAsa navya-nyAya kA eka mahAmUlya grantha thaa| ina donoM adhyayanArthiyoM ke bAra-bAra Agraha karane para bhI 1,200 zlokoM kA vaha adbhuta grantha paNDita jI batAte nahIM the| eka bAra paNDita jI kisI kAryavaza

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 259 * nikaTavartI kisI grAma meM gaye the| dUsare dina prAtaHkAla ve Ane vAle the| isa eka rAta kA lAbha uThAne ke lie yazovijaya jI aura vinayavijaya jI ne guru-patnI ke pAsa Akara atinamra bhAva se usa grantha ko dekhane dene kI vinatI kii| guru-patnI ina donoM para prasanna thii| atyAgraha karane para usane vaha grantha inheM de diyaa| usa eka hI rAta meM yazovijaya jI ne usake 700 aura vinayavijaya jI ne 500 zloka kaNThastha kara liye| paNDita jI ke Ane se pahale hI vaha grantha paNDitAnI ko sauMpakara peTI meM rakhavA diyA gyaa| dopahara meM paNDita jI se ina donoM adhyayanArthiyoM ne isa aparAdha ke lie kSamA maaNgii| paNDita jI ne unheM zloka bolane ko khaa| donoM ne bArI-bArI se sArA grantha dhar3Adhar3a bolakara sunA diyaa| sunakara paNDita jI kI A~khoM meM harSAzru umar3a pdd'e| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI aura vinayavijaya jI ko eka rAta meM 1,200 zloka kaNThastha karane meM bahuta hI Ananda AyA, unheM bilkula thakAna mahasUsa na huii|17 - isIlie andhI, gUMgI aura baharI helana kelara ne kahA-"Knowledge is Happiness." arthAt jJAna AnandarUpa hai| helana kelara kI sthiti aisI thI, mAno use koyale kI gAr3ha andhakArapUrNa khAna meM pUra dI gaI ho| parantu usa andhakAra bharI sthiti meM jaba use jJAna milA to apUrva Ananda kA, Atmika sukha kA anubhava huaa| vaha jJAna ke kAraNa eka kSaNa bhI jar3avat nahIM rhii| prajJAcakSu paM. sukhalAla jI ne bAtacIta ke daurAna kahA-"mRtyu ke taTa para lA dene vAle bAhya aura antaraMga vikSepoM ke bIca bhI maiM aihika Anandaloka meM praviSTa huA huuN| jJAna meM isa prakAra ke Atmika sukha yA Ananda ke sarjana kA adbhuta sAmarthya hai| aisA Atmika sukha sahaja hai, Antarika hai aura svatantra hai| duniyA~dArI ke sukhoM se uccatara hai|" vyAvahArika jJAna kI dRSTi se dekheM to bhI use prApta karane para jijJAsu manuSya ko sukha aura Ananda prApta hotA hai| eka dhanika kI patnI mara gii| use isakA sakhta AghAta lgaa| aba vaha patnI ke viyoga meM zokamagna hokara rAta-dina sophe para baiThA rhtaa| usake mitra aura sage-sambandhI usakA zoka miTAne kA jI-tor3a prayatna karane lage, parantu saba vyartha! eka dina usakA naukara subaha-subaha cAya kI Tre meM sthita kapa, rakAbI meM cAya-nAztA lekara aayaa| hatAza dhanika kI najara ekAeka cAya kI Tre, kapa aura rakAbI para likhe hue citra-vicitra cInI akSaroM para pdd'ii| phalataH usameM cInI bhASA jAnane-sIkhane kI utkaNThA jaagii| usane naukara ko bAjAra se 'cAyanIja-phreMca DiksanarI' kharIda lAne kA Adeza diyaa| DiksanarI Ate hI

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* 260 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana usane cInI bhASA kA adhyayana zurU kiyaa| jJAna ke tIvra rasa meM nimagna hone se vaha mRta patnI kI mRtyu kA AghAta bhI cInI bhASA kA jJAna hone para bhUla gyaa| ___ yaha hai, jJAna ko AnandarUpa mAnane kA rahasya; jisase aneka vidvAnoM, manISiyoM aura vicArakoM ne jJAnAnanda ko apUrva Ananda kA srota mAnA hai|8 yogI zrI Anandaghana jI ne kahA hai-"jJAnAnande ho pUraNa paavno|" arthAt jJAnAnanda se manuSya pUrNataH pAvana banatA hai| isIlie nandIsUtra meM AnandarUpa jJAna kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai| isIlie paMcAdhyAyI meM jJAna ko sukhAdi se abhinna mAnA hai|9 jJAna Atma-zaktirUpa hai jo bala hajAra hAthiyoM meM nahIM hotA, aisA bala jJAna meM hotA hai| jisake pAsa samyak jJAna kI pracaNDa zakti hotI hai, vaha bar3I se bar3I vipatti Ane para nahIM ghabarAtA, prANoM kA saMkaTa Ane para yA pratikUla paristhiti hone para jarA-sA bhI vicalita nahIM hotaa| jJAna-bala se vaha bar3I se bar3I vipatti se pAra ho jAtA hai| ajJAnI manuSya jarA-sI vipatti, pratikUla saMyoga yA paristhiti A par3ane para ghabarA jAtA hai, siddhAnta se vicalita ho jAtA hai, vahA~ jJAna-balI apane siddhAnta para DaTA rahatA hai| vaha Artta-raudradhyAna ke vazavartI na hokara dharma-zukladhyAna ke pravAha meM saMlIna rahatA hai| sahana zakti ke prabhAva se vaha rAga, dveSa, droha, moha, Asakti, ghRNA Adi dvandvoM se dUra-dUra rahakara jJAtA-draSTA banA rahatA hai| bharata cakravartI ne zIzamahala meM kauna-se vrata-mahAvrata kA AcaraNa kiyA thA? unhoMne sva-para ke bhedavijJAna kI ujjvala va dRr3ha zakti ke AdhAra para hI kevalajJAna prApta kara liyA thaa| yaha jJAna-zakti kA prabhAva thA ki marudevI mAtA ne parabhAvoM aura mohAdi vibhAvoM kA jJAna-zakti ke bala para uccheda karake kevalajJAna aura mokSa prApta kara liyA thaa| gajasukumAra muni ne dhyAnAvasthA meM somila brAhmaNa dvArA mastaka para dhadhakate hue khaira ke aMgAre rakha diye jAne para bhI zarIrAdi para rAga aura somila para dveSa na karake Atma-jJAna-zakti ke bala para mokSa prApta kara liyA thaa| dhyAnastha prasannacandra rAjarSi ne jJAna-zakti kA Azraya lekara kucha hI dera pahale kaSAyAveza se baddha karmoM ko kATakara AtmA ko parama ujjvala banA liyA thaa| arjuna muni ne jJAna-zakti ke Azraya se hI parama samabhAva rakhakara sirpha 6 mahIne meM apane pUrvabaddha azubha karmoM ko naSTa karake kevalajJAna aura mokSa prApta

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 261 * kara liyA thaa| isIlie jainadarzana ne aura tIrthaMkaroM ne jJAna ko Atmika zakti rUpa mAnA hai| bhautika jJAna-zakti se AdhyAtmika jJAna-zakti kA camatkAra bar3hakara hai __ vaise hI aMgrejI sAhitya ke prasiddha nibandhakAra 'bekana' ne likhA hai"Knowledge is Power."-jJAna hI zakti hai| Aja vaijJAnikoM dvArA kiye gaye reDiyo, TI. vI., vAyaralesa, kampyUTara, TelIphona, TelIpaithI, vAyuyAna, jalayAna, roboTa Adi eka se eka bar3hakara AviSkAroM, bhautika jJAna-zakti kA hI camatkAra hai| bhautikavijJAna kI zakti ke prasiddha AviSkAraka ne kahA thApAnI kI bUMda ko dhvani taraMga dvArA tor3akara itanI zakti utpanna va saMcita ho sakatI hai ki usake dvArA sAre nyUyArka zahara ko sAlabhara taka bijalI saplAI kI jA sakatI hai| eka glAsa pAnI ke dvArA itanI UrjA zakti paidA kI jA sakatI hai ki usase 'kvIna merI' nAma kI cAra pA~khoM vAlI 25 hajAra Tana kI sTImara chaha mahIne taka lagAtAra calAI jA sakatI hai| yaha hai bhautika jJAna-zakti kA camatkAra ! AdhyAtmika jJAna-zakti kA camatkAra to isase bhI kaI gunA bar3hakara hai| kevalajJAna kI agAdha aparimeya evaM ananta zakti itanI prabala hai ki usase tInoM lokoM kI, tInoM kAla kI, carAcara jagat kI pratyeka bAta yugapat jAnI jA sakatI hai| jAnI kyA jA sakatI hai, unake kevalajJAnarUpI darpaNa meM prati samaya jhalakatI rahatI hai| avadhijJAna aura manaHparyavajJAna bhI atIndriya (mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA jAne jA sakane vAle) jJAna haiM, jinase bhI kAphI sImA taka kA traikAlika jJAna ho jAtA hai| matijJAna aura zrutajJAna yadyapi mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA se hote haiM, tathApi inase bhI pUrva-janma kA jJAna, samasta zAstrIya jJAna, prAtibha jJAna, caudaha pUNe taka kA jJAna ho sakatA hai| AdhyAtmika jJAna kI zakti bhI itanI jabardasta hai ki jina pUrvo kA pArAyaNa karane meM sAmAnya vyakti ko kaI varSa laga sakate haiM, unakA pArAyaNa zrutakevalI athavA katipaya pUrvadhara eka muhUrta meM kara sakate haiN| yaha jJAna-zakti kA hI camatkAra hai ki uccatama devalokoM ke deva tathA anuttara vimAnavAsI deva apane mana kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna tIrthaMkara yA kevalajJAnI ke pAsa gaye binA hI unase mana hI mana se prApta kara lete haiN| isa yuga meM bhI aise kaI brahmacaryaniSTha jJAnI hue haiM, jinakI smaraNa-zakti, avadhAna-zakti bar3I tIvra thI aura hai| padAnusAriNI

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* 262 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana labdhi vAle zrutajJAnI ko eka pada ko sunakara yA par3hakara usase sambandhita samasta padoM kA jJAna ho jAtA thaa| kisI-kisI ke jJAna kA kSayopazama itanA prabala hotA hai ki ve eka yA do minaTa meM grantha yA pustaka kA pUrA kA pUrA peja par3ha jAte haiM aura hRdayaMgama kara lete haiN| svAmI vivekAnanda kI par3hane kI spIDa aisI hI thii| eka bAra rugNAvasthA meM unake pAsa vizvakoSa ke bar3e-bar3e chaha-sAta bhAga rakhe the, unheM kucha hI dinoM meM unhoMne par3ha ddaale| unake eka ziSya ne zaMkA prakaTa kI-"gurudeva ! ina bar3e-bar3e granthoM ko zAyada hI koI jiMdagIbhara meM par3ha sakatA hogaa|" isa para svAmI jI ne kahA-"maiM inameM se kaI bhAga to par3ha cukA hU~, bAkI ke bhAga bhI do-cAra dinoM meM par3ha skuuNgaa|tuu inameM se koI bhI sthala mujhe pUcha sakatA hai|' ziSya ne vizvakoza ke kaI kaThina sthaloM ke viSaya meM pUchA to svAmI jI ne koza meM likhita vAkya-racanA jyoM kI tyoM sunA dI; balki apanI ora se vizeSa prakAza bhI ddaalaa| yaha dekhakara ziSya cakita raha gyaa| yaha hai jJAna kI pracaNDa zakti kA pramANa !20 jJAna hI cAritraguNarUpa hai jJAna-bala kA AcaraNAtmaka pahalU bhI hai, jisake dvArA vyakti meM jJAna kI aisI zakti A jAtI hai ki vaha apane AdhyAtmika tattva yA siddhAnta para anta taka TikA rahatA hai, vaha Atma-jJAna se-svarUpa-jJAna se vicalita nahIM hotA, na hI usa para zaMkA, kAMkSA aura vicikitsA karake apane satya (siddhAnta) se haTatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra para kitane hI bhayaMkara upasarga (saMkaTa yA kaSTa) Ae, para ve AtmA kI nityatA ke siddhAnta se vicalita na hokara isI jJAna-bala ke AdhAra para samabhAva se sahate rhe| sudarzana zramaNopAsaka ko AtmA ke avinAzitva, nityatva kA jJAna hRdayaMgama ho cukA thA, isI jJAna-bala ke kAraNa vaha arjuna mAlAkara bhayaMkara prANaghAtaka AtaMka aura ma~DarAtI huI sAkSAt mauta ko dekhakara bhI nahIM ghabarAyA, samabhAvapUrvaka apane Atma-jJAna meM sthira rhaa| arhannaka zrAvaka para parIkSaka deva ne parIkSA lene hetu bhayaMkara upasarga kiye, DarAyA, dhamakAyA, pralobhana bhI diyA, sAthiyoM ko bhI bahakAyA, phira bhI arhannaka zrAvaka AtmA ke avinAzitva evaM nityatva dharmajJAna para aDiga rhaa| aise kaI zAstrIya udAharaNa haiM ki bar3e se bar3e saMkaTa, bhaya aura AtaMka ke samaya bhI Atma-jJAna ke bala para avicalita rahe, ArAdhaka hue| isIlie zAstroM meM isa adhyAtma jJAna ko 'jJAnAcAra' kahA hai|21

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nandI sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 263 "jJAnasya phalaM viratiH / " samyak jJAna jaba antara meM sthira ho jAtA hai, sudRr3ha ho jAtA hai, vyakti ukta jJAna ko AtmA - anAtmA ke bhedavijJAna ko hRdayaMgama kara letA hai, taba usake kAraNa para - padArthoM ke prati, vibhAvoM ke prati usakI svabhAvataH virati ho jAtI hai / usakI AtmA pratyeka sajIva-nirjIva para-padArtha ko jarUrata par3ane para apanAtA hai, kintu usake prati rAga, dveSa, moha, Asakti yA ghRNA nahIM rakhakara jJAtA - draSTA banA rahatA hai| jJAna-bala ke kAraNa usakA kaSAyabhAva atyanta manda yA kSINa ho jAtA hai| prasiddha satyopadeSTA jJAnI sukarAta ko usa samaya kI sarakAra ke dvArA janatA aura khAsakara yuvakoM ko satya bAta kahane-sikhAne ke kAraNa mRtyu - daNDa diyA jAnA thA / viSa kA pyAlA unake sAmane rakhA gayA / unake kucha hitaiSI mitroM va ziSyoM ne unako viSapAna na karane ke lie bahuta smjhaayaa| parantu sukarAta ne kahA- "maiM mAnatA hU~ ki AtmA kabhI naSTa nahIM hotI, vaha avinAzI hai to viSapAna karane meM kyA harja hai ? yadi kaheM ki AtmA nAma kI koI cIja nahIM hai, kevala yaha zarIra hai, to yaha zarIra nAzavAn hai, eka na eka dina naSTa hone vAlA hai, phira apane satya ( siddhAnta) para dRr3ha rahane ke lie mujhe nAzavAn zarIra ko chor3anA par3e to kyA Apatti hai ? yoM kahakara sukarAta ne viSa kA pyAlA pI liyA / yaha thA jJAna-bala ke kAraNa siddhAnta para dRddh'taa| isalie sukarAta kahatA thA - "Knowledge is Virtue. " - jJAna apane Apa meM cAritraguNa hai - AcaraNAtmaka hai / upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI kahate the- jJAna kI tIvra dazA hI cAritra hai| arthAt jJAna para jaba dRr3ha niSThA hotI hai, taba vyakti bar3e se bar3e saMkaTa, rAga, dveSa, moha Adi ke prasaMga para jJAnaguNa ko AcaraNa meM lAtA hai / 22 jJAnaguNa meM zraddhA-bhakti vinayapUrvaka sthira rahatA hai, jJAtA - draSTA bhAva (jJAyaka bhAva ) se vicalita nahIM hotA / isa prakAra kA bhedavijJAnarUpa dRzya hI cAritra hai / tathAgata buddha ne jetavana meM eka lakar3ahAre ko lakar3I kATate hue dekhA, to usI samaya unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko bulAkara pUchA - "yaha lakar3ahArA kulhAr3I se jo coTa kara rahA hai kyA usakI vedanA tumheM hotI hai ?" ziSyoM ne muskarAte hue kahA - "nahIM, bhante !" gautama buddha ne kahA - "he ziSyo ! isI prakAra isa zarIra ko bhI koI kATe yA coTa pahu~cAe to vRkSa kI taraha isa zarIra ko bhI parAyA smjhe| arthAt zarIra para bhI kulhAr3I se koI coTa mAre to parAye vRkSa para hone vAlI coTa ke samAna samajho, kyoMki paMca mahAskandha se tuma (AtmA) alaga ho / AtmA - anAtmA kA

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* 264 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana isa prakAra kA bhedavijJAnarUpa AcaraNa karanA-dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to-apane Atma-bhAva-sva-bhAva meM hI-jJAna-bhAva meM ramaNa karanA hI cAritra hai| skandhaka anagAra ke ziSyoM ko jaba ghANI meM pilAyA jA rahA thA, usa samaya dehAdhyAsa se Upara uThakara unhoMne dehAtma bhedavijJAna jIvana meM utAra liyA thaa| gajasukumAra anagAra ke mastaka para jaba khaira ke dhadhakate aMgAre somila brAhmaNa dvArA rakhe gaye the, taba dehAtma-buddhi chor3akara ve bhI eka mAtra Atma-bhAva meM tallIna ho gaye the| vizvakavi ravIndranAtha ThAkura ne eka bAra apanI patnI ko patra likhA- "Aja mujhe eka jaharIle bicchU ne kATA, usakI tIvra vedanA hai, phira bhI pAsa meM khar3e tIsare vyakti-DaoNkTara kI taraha isa vedanA ko maiM apane se alaga nikAlakara dekhatA/socatA hU~ ki yaha vedanA merI nahIM hai| isa prakAra dehadazA meM se nikalakara maiMne dehAtma-buddhi ke tyAga kA anubhava kiyaa|" sacamuca, isa prakAra bhedavijJAna kI tIvra dazA kA nAma hI cAritra hai, jo jJAna kI tIvra dazArUpa hai|23 Atmika samRddhi catuSTayarUpa jJAna ke prarUpaka nandIsUtra nAma sArthaka hai isa prakAra jJAna prakAza, Ananda (avyAbAdha sukha), Atmika zakti aura bhAva-cAritrarUpa hone se jJAna meM hI AtmA kI bhAva-samRddhirUpa cAroM guNoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| isI dRSTi se nandIsUtra meM AtmA kI garimAmaya bhAva-samRddhirUpa paMcavidha jJAna kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to 'nandI' zabda pA~ca jJAna kA sUcaka hai| kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake jJAna ko Atmika samRddhi-catuSTayarUpa anubhava karake prastuta zAstra kA nAma 'nandIsUtra' rakhA gayA hai| nandIsUtra : paMcavidha jJAna prarUpaNA se bhAvAnanda kA kAraNa prakArAntara se dekhA jAye to 'Ananda' zabda bhI 'Tunadi kriyA' se niSpanna huA hai| isa apekSA se paMcavidha jJAna prarUpaka jo Agama parama Ananda kA kAraNa ho, use 'nandI' kahanA anupayukta nahIM hai| Ananda do prakAra kA hotA hai-dravya-Ananda aura bhaav-aannd| inhIM ko dUsare zabdoM meM laukika aura lokottara, vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika athavA bhautika aura AdhyAtmika Ananda bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ina donoM meM do prathama koTi kA Ananda karmodayajanya hai, jabaki dUsarI koTi kA Ananda karmajanya yA udayajanya nahIM hai; vaha vastutaH AtmA kA nija guNa hai| inameM dravya-Ananda alpakAlika aura

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 265 * bahukAlika do prakAra kA hai| alpakAlika dravyAnanda kSaNa mAtra se lekara utkRSTataH karor3a pUrva taka raha sakatA hai aura bahukAlika dravyAnanda utkRSTataH 33 sAgaropama taka raha sakatA hai| dravyAnanda kA AdhAra bAhya dravya hai, joki nimitta hai, usakA upAdAna to audayika bhAva hai| isa kAraNa vaha sAdi-sAnta Ananda kahalAtA hai| bhAvAnanda meM audayika bhAva kI mukhyatA nahIM hotii| isa kAraNa vaha do prakAra kA hotA hai-sAdi-sAnta aura saadi-annt| samyak dRSTi jIva jaba taka Artta-raudradhyAna se rahita hotA hai, taba taka bhAvAnanda cAlU rahatA hai| aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika bhAva meM samyak darzana tathA samyak cAritra kA jaba lAbha hotA hai, taba alaukika Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai| vaha Ananda sAdi-sAnta kahalAtA hai| kintu jaba AtmA pUrNatayA kSAyika bhAva meM pahu~catA hai, taba vahI Ananda sAdi-ananta bana jAtA hai| skanda meM ananta guNa AtmA meM sadaiva ekarasa rahatA hai|24 nandIsUtra : dravyAnanda aura bhAvAnanda kA asAdhAraNa nimitta nandIsUtra matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyavajJAna evaM kevalajJAna, ina pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna kA paribodhaka hai| zrutajJAna kSAyopazamika hotA hai, ataH tajjanya Ananda bhI kSAyopazamika hone se sAdi-sAnta hai| kintu kevalajJAna kSAyika hone se isake dvArA sAdi-ananta Ananda kI ora jaba gati-pragati hotI hai, taba vaha sAdi-sAnta Ananda asIma ho jAtA hai| sAdi-ananta ho jAne kA artha hai-apUrNa Ananda kA pUrNatA ko prApta ho jaanaa| isI pUrNa Ananda ko anupama, avinAzI, sadAkAla sthAyI, eka mAtra jJAna hI jJAna kA zAzvata Ananda-nityAnanda bhI kahA jAtA hai| ataH nandIsUtra dravya aura bhAva donoM prakAra ke Ananda kA asAdhAraNa nimitta kAraNa hai| nandIsUtra dvArA ajJAta jJAnanidhi ko pAne se asIma Ananda kI prApti nandIsUtra eka prakAra se samagra jJAna kA vizvakoza hai; jJAna kI apAra nidhi hai| kintu saMsArastha evaM chadmastha vyaktiyoM ko AtmA meM nihita ananta zuddha jJAna ke khajAne kA patA nahIM hai| jJAnAvaraNIya-darzanAvaraNIya karma ke bandha tathA mohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa saMsArI chadmastha jIva ko apanI AtmA meM dabe, chipe, suSupta ananta jJAna kI nidhi kA bhAna nahIM hotaa| jaise cirakAla se khoI huI yA bhUlI huI nijI amUlya nidhi ke mila jAne yA jJAta ho jAne para vyakti

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* 266 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ko asIma Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA meM nihita jJAna ke akSaya bhaNDAra kA nandIsUtra ke dvArA yAni nandIsUtra ke zravaNa, manana, cintana, nididhyAsana evaM punaH-punaH adhyayana (svAdhyAya) ke dvArA patA lagane se bhI asIma Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai| AcArya ne ise eka udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai eka zreSThI ne apanI bahumUlya ratnamaMjUSA kisI ajJAta sthAna meM nidhAna (gAr3ha) karake rakha dii| apanI bahI meM usakA ullekha kara diyaa| usane bahI meM ratnamaMjUSA meM rakhe una ratnoM kI saMkhyA, nAma, guNa, lakSaNa aura mUlya Adi kI bAkAyadA sUcI banAkara likha diyaa| seTha kI akasmAt hRdayagati avaruddha ho jAne se usakA dehAnta ho gyaa| marate samaya yA mRtyu se pUrva seTha ne putroM ke samakSa na to usa ratnamaMjUSA kA jikra kiyA, na hI bahI unako sauNpii| phalataH ve putra dhana ke abhAva meM daridra ho gye| kAlAntara meM unake prabala puNya-yoga se unheM vaha bahI mila gaI, jisameM ratnoM kI bAkAyadA sUcI tathA ratnamaMjUSA kahA~ rakhI huI hai, usakA atA-patA likhA thaa| use par3hakara putroM ne ratnamaMjUSA khoja nikaalii| ratnamaMjUSA mila jAne para unake Ananda kA pAra na rhaa| isI prakAra nandIsUtra bhI Atma-guNarUpa vividha jJAna-ratnoM kI bahI hai| isa nandIrUpa bahI ke prApta ho jAne para AtmA meM nihita vividha jJAna-ratnoM ke akSaya bhaNDAra kA isameM ullekha par3hane para tathA una jJAna-ratnoM ko svAdhyAyAdi dvArA pAne se asIma Ananda kI anubhUti kise aura kyoM nahIM hogI? nandIsUtra kA paMcAMgayukta svAdhyAya dravyAnanda evaM bhAvAnanda kA kAraNa aise cintAmaNiratna sama nandIsUtra kA svAdhyAya karane se zubha bhAva utpanna hote haiN| zubha bhAvoM se deva, guru, dharma aura zAstra ke prati zraddhA dRr3ha hotI hai, Atma-bala bar3hatA hai| zubha bhAvoM se puNyAnubandhI puNya kA bandha hotA hai, joki dravya-Ananda kA kAraNa hai| paMcavidha aMgoM ke sAtha svAdhyAya karane se bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ho rahI ho to usase sakAma nirjarA hone kI sambhAvanA hai| nirjarA se pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| sAtha hI svAdhyAya se Ate hue karmoM kA nirodha karane se saMvara bhI hotA hai| isa prakAra karmoM kA bhAra jyoM-jyoM halkA hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM apUrNa Ananda pUrNatA kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai|25

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 267* AtmA meM nihita zuddha jJAna kI pratIti nandIsUtra se AtmA kA nijI mukhya guNa jJAna hai| AtmA meM jJAna kA kitanA akSaya bhaNDAra hai ? usa jJAna ko pragaTa karane ke kauna-kauna se mAdhyama haiM ? tathA yaha bhI prazna udbhUta hotA hai ki jaba jJAna AtmA meM hai hI, taba use batAne yA pragaTa karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? isI prakAra jJAna to bhAvAtmaka hai, vaha dravyAtmaka nahIM hai, chadmastha (alpajJa) vyaktiyoM dvArA pratyakSa dRzya nahIM hai, aisI sthiti meM AtmA meM nihita jJAna kI pratIti, use pragaTa karane kI ruci, ukta jJAna ke prati zraddhA aura bhakti (bahumAna), vinaya aura niSThA kaise ho? isakA samAdhAna hai-'nandIsUtra' / nandIsUtra ke adhyayana yA zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana, vAcanA, pRcchA, parivartanA, anuprekSA evaM dharmakathA, ina paMcAMga rUpoM se svAdhyAya karane se AtmA meM nihita jJAna bhaNDAra kA pUrNatayA paricaya ho jAtA hai| nandIsUtra meM matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna aura kevalajJAna, ina mukhya pA~ca prakAra ke jJAnoM kA vistRta varNana hai| matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kisa-kisa prakAra se, kisa-kisa indriya yA mana ke mAdhyama se pragaTa hotA hai| samyak jJAna aura mithyA jJAna meM kyA antara hai ? ina pA~ca jJAnoM meM prathama ke cAra jJAna kama se kama kitane ho sakate haiM ? ina cAroM kI utkRSTatA kitanI hai ? ina pA~coM meM sarvotkRSTa evaM pUrNa jJAna kauna-sA hai ? ityAdi samasta ullekha nandIsUtra meM pAyA jAtA hai| AtmA kI cAroM prakAra kI guNa-sampadA yA samRddhi nandIsUtra ke dvArA bhalIbhA~ti mAlUma ho sakatI hai| isa zAstra kA adhyayana-manana karake koI bhI vyakti jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se AtmA para Aye hue ajJAna ke saghana AvaraNa ko dUra kara sakatA hai| amuka-amuka jJAna kA amuka-amuka mAtrA meM AvaraNa dUra hone para vyakti ko 'sva' aura 'para' kA bhedavijJAna ho jAne se vaha AtmA ke nija guNoM va Atma-bhAvoM meM ramaNa kara sakatA hai| phira para-bhAvoM aura kaSAyAdi vibhAvoM se hone vAle saMkleza, saMgharSa, rAga, dveSa, Asakti, ghRNA, droha, moha ityAdi vikAroM se vaha dUra raha sakatA hai| isa Atmika jJAna kA uddezya aura mahattva samajhAne hetu nandIsUtra kI racanA kI gaI hai| nandIsUtra Agama hai isalie nirdoSa aura prAmANika hai ___ aba prazna hotA hai-sabhI dharmoM ne aura dharma-pravartakoM ne apane-apane dharmagrantha, zAstra yA zruta kI racanA kI hai aura usa-usa zAstra ke mAdhyama se jJAna diyA hai yA jJAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, phira nandIsUtra meM aisI kyA

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* 268 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana vizeSatA hai, jisase isameM prarUpita yA pratipAdita jJAna ke varNana ko prAmANika yA vizvasta mAnA jAe? jainadharma ke gaNadharoM tathA mahAmanISI AcAryoM ne samasta dharmazAstroM ko Agama kahA hai| Agama ke do lakSaNAtmaka artha prAcIna AcAryoM ne kiye haiM-(1) artha rUpa se tIrthaMkara ke vItarAgatA preraka pravacana haiM, (2) sUtra rUpa se gaNadhara aura zrutakevalI-praNIta sAhitya ko Agama kahate haiN| jisa jJAna kA mUla srota tIrthaMkara bhagavAna haiM, sUtra rUpa se gaNadhara haiM tathA AcArya paramparAnusAra jo zrutajJAna AyA hai, A rahA hai, vaha Agama kahalAtA hai| athavA Apta-vacana ko Agama kahate haiN| anuyogadvAra vRtti ke anusAra Agama kA artha hai-jo guru-paramparA se avicchinna gati se A rahA hai, vaha Agama kahalAtA hai tathA jisake dvArA saba ora se jIvAdi padArthoM ko jAnA jAtA hai| AcArAMga TIkA meM Apta dvArA praNIta ko Agama kahA hai| jainadharmamAnya sabhI zAstra Agama kyoM kahalAte haiM ? ___koI yoM bhI kaha sakatA hai ki yoM to pratyeka dharma-sampradAya vAle apaneapane zAstroM ko Apta-racita kaha sakate haiN| phira nandIsUtra Adi ko jo AptapraNIta kahA jAtA hai, usameM kyA vizeSatA hai ? prathama samAdhAna to yaha hai ki anya dharmoM ne apane dharmagranthoM yA zAstroM ko Agama nahIM kahA hai jabaki jitane bhI jainadharmazAstra haiM, ve Agama kahalAte haiM, kyoMki ve Apta-praNIta haiN| Apta kA svarUpa tattvArtha siddhasenIyA vRtti ke anusAra Apta kA artha hai-jo rAga-dveSAdi vibhAvoM se rahita ho| athavA jo yathArtha vaktA ho| pramANanayatattvAloka ke anusAra-Apta vaha hai, jo abhidheya vastu ko yathAvasthita jAnatA ho, aura usa jJAna ke anusAra yathArtha kahatA ho| jisakA kisI ke prati pakSapAta na ho aura jo 18 doSoM se rahita ho use bhI Apta kahA jAtA hai| Apta ke uparyukta lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para jaba anyAnya dharmoM ko kasate haiM, ve prAyaH khare nahIM utrte| tathAkathita katipaya dharmazAstroM ke racayitA svayaM rAga, dveSa, kAma, moha Adi se yukta hone se unhoMne hiMsAdiparaka vidhAna apane granthoM meM kiyA hai, ataH rAga, dveSAdi 18 doSoM se rahita na hoM, pUrNa vItarAgatA se yukta na hoM, aura to aura ve samyak dRSTi sampanna na hoM, anekAnta dRSTi se sApekSa vacana na hokara jinake vacana ekAntavAda poSaka hoM, unheM Apta kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? jainadharmamAnya Apta kevala bhASaNavAna nahIM hotA, usake jIvana meM nizcaya aura

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 269 * -.-.-.-.-. vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM se samyak darzana, jJAnAdi mokSamArga kI sAdhanA meM aharniza tatpara hotA hai, athavA vItarAgatA-sampanna jIvana hotA hai| Apta-puruSa kA jIvana samyak jJAna, darzana, cAritramaya bana jAtA hai| nandIsUtrAdi ko Agama kI koTi meM kyoM mAnA jAe ? ___ koI kaha sakatA hai ki nandIsUtra ko Agama kI koTi meM kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? kyoMki yaha to spaSTa hI devavAcakagaNI dvArA saMkalita yA racita hai aura devavAcaka jI svayaM vItarAga aura 18 doSoM se rahita nahIM the| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki AvazyakasUtra meM Agama ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiM(1) sUtrAgama, (2) arthAgama, aura (3) tadubhayarUpa aagm|28 inameM se arthAgama yAnI artharUpa Agama mukhya hai, jo mUla jinokta vacana hotA hai, jisakA AyAta sarvajJa, sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara bhagavAna se huA hai| usI se sUtra rUpa meM Agama racanA gaNadhara karate haiN| aura tadubhayAgama ukta donoM dvArA nirmita hai| arthAt zrutakevalI tathA sthaviroM dvArA nirmita hai| inameM caturdazapUrvadhara, dazapUrvadhara evaM navapUrvadhara bhI haiN| ataH nandIsUtra bhale hI devavAcakagaNI kI racanA hai, kintu artharUpa se yaha AgamoM kA srota sarvajJa tIrthaMkara kI artharUpa se Agata Agamika vANI hI hai| isalie paramparA se yaha Apta-vacana aura vItarAga-praNIta hI mAnA jaaegaa| dvAdazAMgI vANI sIdhI artharUpa se bhagavadukta mAnI jAtI hai, use aMgapraviSTa Agama yA gaNipiTaka kahA jAtA hai| zeSa Agama aMga-bAhya yA anaMga-praviSTa yA upAMga kahalAte haiM, kintu unakA artharUpa meM paramparAgata sambandhI tIrthaMkara vacanoM se mAnA gayA hai| unameM jo bhI jJAna hai, vaha tIrthaMkara vacanAnusArI hai, vaha saba Apta-vacanAnugata hone se Agama mAnA gayA hai| ___ ataH jina dharmagranthoM kA jJAna rAga-dveSa, pakSapAta yA ekAntavAda se malina ho rahA hai, vaha nirdoSa aura Apta-praNIta yA Apta-prarUpita nahIM mAnA jAtA, usameM kaI hiMsA, asatya Adi ke samarthana-vAcaka vacana hone se vaha nirdoSa. prAmANika evaM vItarAga-praNIta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| jaina paramparA ke vartamAna meM jitane bhI aMga-praviSTa rUpa Agama haiM, unake racayitA gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI haiM tathA aMga-bAhya zAstroM ke racayitA zrutakevalI, pUrNadhara yA anya sthavira haiM, jinake nAma-nirdeza milate haiN| ataH nandIsUtra bhI Agama kI koTi meM AtA hai|

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* 270mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana anya apekSA se Agama ke tIna prakAra aura ve bhI Apta se sambaddha __dUsarI dRSTi se bhI AgamoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai-Agama tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-"attAgame, anantarAgame, prNpraagme|"30 Atma aura Apta ina donoM kA prAkRta bhASA meM 'atta' zabda banatA hai| jo artha tIrthaMkara bhagavAna prarUpita evaM prajJapta karate haiM, vaha AtmAgama yA AptAgama kahalAtA hai| jo artha tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke mukhAravinda se gaNadharoM ne sunA aura sUtra-racanA kI, isalie gaNadharoM ke lie tIrthaMkara-vacana anantarAgama hote haiN| gaNadhara-ziSyoM ke lie ve hI Agama (sUtra) anantarAgama haiM, artharUpa se ve zAstra paramparAgata haiN| tathaiva gaNadhara ke anugAmI sAdhuvarga ke lie ve Agama artharUpa meM na to AptAgama haiM, na hI anantarAgama haiM, kintu ve paramparAgama haiN| jainadharmamAnya 'Agama' ke atirikta anya paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga jainadharmamAnya dharmagranthoM ke Agama ke atirikta zAstra, sUtra, supta, sUkta evaM zruta Adi nAma bhI pracalita haiN| vividha laukika prayojanoM ke lie bhI saMsAra meM anya vidyAoM ke lie bhI zAstra zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| jaise-kokazAstra, arthazAstra, samAjazAstra, vidhizAstra, rAjanItizAstra, nItizAstra aadi| zAstra-parantu yahA~ lokottara prayojana ke lie dharmazAstra ke sandarbha meM jainAgamoM ko jainazAstra kahA jAtA hai, pUrvokta laukika zAstroM se bhI yahA~ koI prayojana nahIM hai aura na hI pUrvApara virodhI, ahiMsA Adi ke viparIta hiMsAdi kA prarUpaNa karane vAle grantha cAhe dharmagrantha kahalAte haiM, ve bhI jainazAstra kI paribhASA meM yA paridhi meM nahIM aate| AcArya umAsvAti ne 'prazamarati' grantha meM zAstra kI bahuta hI yuktisaMgata evaM siddhAntasaMgata vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai "zAsviti vAgvidhivadbhirdhAtuH paaptthyte'nushissttaarthH| Diti pAlanArthe vipazcitaH srvshbdvidaam|| yasmAd rAga-dveSoddhatacittAn samanuzAsti sddhrme| saMtrAyate ca duHkhAcchAstramiti nirucyate sdbhiH||31 arthAt saMskRta bhASA kI vidhi ke jJAtA zabdazAstriyoM ne "zAsu anushissttau|" arthAt anuzAsanArthaka zAs dhAtu (kriyA) se zAstra zabda kA

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 271 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-: ..-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.vyutpattilabhya artha kiyA-"zAsyate-anuziSyate'neneti shaastrm|' yAnI jisake dvArA prANiyoM ko bhalIbhA~ti dharmamArga meM suzikSita kiyA jAya athavA deva, guru aura dharma ke anusAra (maryAdA meM) jo rakhatA hai yA anuzAsana meM rahane kI hita zikSA detA hai, vaha zAstra hai| athavA jinakA citta rAga-dveSa se uddhata, malina evaM kaluSita ho rahA hai, unheM saddharma meM anuzAsita karatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki ahiMsA Adi Atma-dharma se jinakA citta vimukha hai, unheM zikSita-prerita karake saddharma meM lAtA hai, vaha zAstra hai| zAs dhAtu ke sAtha 'traiGpAlane' dhAtu kA 'tra' zabda pAlanArthaka hai jisakA artha hai-jo sabhI prakAra hiMsAdi janita duHkhoM se trANa = rakSaNa karatA hai, vaha zAstra hai| nandIsUtra bhI isI prakAra kA zAstra hai, jo AtmA ke jJAna, darzana, Ananda aura Atma-bala rUpa dharma meM jIva ko zikSita-anuzAsita karatA hai tathA ajJAna-mithyAtvAdi janita duHkhoM se bacAtA hai| ajJAna-mohAdi ke andhakAra se bacAkara samyak jJAnAdi Atma-dharma meM sthira karatA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI 'ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' meM zAstra zabda ko chaha lakSaNoM se nirUpita kiyA hai "aaptopjnymnulNdhymdRssttessttviruddhkm| tattvopadezakRt sArvaM zAstraM kaapth-pttttnm||532 arthAt jo Apta dvArA kathita-prajJapta ho, jisakA ullaMghana koI na kara sakatA ho, arthAt jisakA pratipAdana tarkoM se akATya ho, jo pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANoM se viruddha na ho, jo tattva kA upadeza karatA ho, jo sarva jIvoM ke lie hitakara ho aura kumArga kA niSedha (khaNDana) karatA ho, aise chaha lakSaNoM se yukta ho, vaha zAstra hai| nandIsUtra meM zAstra ke ye chaha lakSaNa ghaTita hote haiM, isalie zAstra hai| sUtra zabda kI vividha pahaluoM se mImAMsA sUtra-"sUtrayati sUcayati yathArthamarthamiti suutrm|" isa nirvacana ke anusAra sUtra use kahate haiM, jo yathArtha vastutattva ko sUcita karatA hai| jo tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA artharUpa meM mukha-kamala se nikalakara gaNadharoM dvArA sUtrarUpa meM granthitaracita kiyA gayA hai, use bhI 'sUtra' kahA jAtA hai| nandIsUtra meM bhI 'nandI' ke sAtha sUtra zabda isI hetu se jor3A gayA hai| nandIsUtra kA saMkalana bhI tIrthaMkaroM

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272 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana dvArA pratipAdita artha ko gaNadharoM dvArA racita aMgasUtroM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / isalie nandIsUtra ko sUtra kahanA yathArtha hai / sUtra zabda ke aneka artha haiM / eka artha to Upara hama batA cuke haiN| sUtra kA dUsarA artha yaha hai ki jisa prakAra sUtra ( sUta yA dhAge) meM piroI huI suI surakSita rahatI hai, jabaki sUtra se rahita suI kho jAtI hai, usI prakAra jisane sUtroM kA jJAna zraddhA-bhakti - manoyogapUrvaka kara liyA hai, vaha una sUtroM ke jJAnarUpa dhAge ke sahAre se kahIM ajJAna, mithyAtva, asadAcAra evaM dIrgha saMsAravarddhaka nikAcita karma meM bhaTakatA nahIM / 33 kadAcit pUrva saMskAravaza yA lAcArI se mohavaza kabhI bhaTaka bhI jAye to vApasa sanmArga para Akara meghakumAra muni Adi kI taraha punaH sa~bhalakara mokSamArga ko prApta kara letA hai athavA prasannacandra rAjarSi kI taraha zIghra hI siddhatva (mokSa) ko prApta kara letA hai / nandIsUtra bhI isI prakAra kA sUtra hai, kyoMki isameM jJAna kA varNana hai| jJAna se AtmA prakAzamAna hotA hai / vaha sva-para-prakAzaka hone se ajJAnAndhakAra meM yA janma-maraNAtmaka saMsAratimira meM nahIM bhaTakatA / pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne sUtra kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai "alpAkSaramasaMdigdhaM, sAravad vizvatomukham / astobhamanavayaM ca, sUtraM sUtravido viduH // 134 arthAt jo alpa akSaroM se yukta ho, jisake vacana meM koI saMdeha yA pUrvA-para virodha na ho, sArabhUta vastu kathana ho, jo zAstra sarvatomukhI ho - sarvajanopayogI ho, jisameM kahIM skhalanA na ho, jisakA pravAha bIca-bIca meM TUTatA na ho, jo rAga-dveSAdi doSoM-pApoM se rahita niravadya ho, nirdoSa ho / use hI sUtravettA sUtra kahate haiN| sUtra ke lakSaNoM kI isa kasauTI para bhI nandIsUtra ko kasakara dekhA jAye to vaha kharA utaregA / isalie nandIsUtra ke sUtratva meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| saMskRta bhASA meM 'sutta' zabda ke cAra rUpa prAkRta bhASA ke 'sutta' zabda ke saMskRta bhASA meM cAra rUpa banate haiM(1) sUtra, (2) zruta, (3) sUkta, aura (4) supta / 'sUtra' zabda ke sambandha meM vizleSaNa Upara kiyA jA cukA hai|

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 273 * zruta zabda kA artha, lakSaNa, svarUpa zruta kA vizleSaNa-jainAgamoM meM zAstra zabda ke badale zruta zabda kA hI adhika prayoga milatA hai| balki vividha jainAgamoM meM Agamadhara, AgamakevalI yA bahusUtrI zabdoM ke badale zrutadhara, zrutakevalI, bahuzruta Adi zabdoM kA prayoga prAyaH milatA hai| zruta kA prayoga prAcInakAla meM pracalita thA; isalie adhikatara zAstra guru apane ziSyoM ko kaNThastha karA detA thaa| ziSya apane ziSyoM ko kaNThastha karA detA thaa| isa prakAra zruta paramparA se zAstrIya jJAna cala rahA thaa| isalie zAstroM ko 'zruta' kahA jAtA thaa| vedoM ke lie 'zruti' zabda kA prayoga bhI isI dRSTi se kiyA gayA thA ki veda bhI prAcInakAla meM kaNThastha karAye jAte the| zAstroM ke mUla pAThoM meM yatra-tatra aisA hI pATha milatA hai- "suyaM me AusaMteNa bhagavayA evmkkhaayN|'' sudharmA svAmI apane paTTa-ziSya jambU svAmI se kahate haiM"AyuSman ! maiMne una bhagavAna mahAvIra se sunA hai, unhoMne aisA kahA thaa|' isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya guru-mukha se zAstra ke zravaNa kI paramparA pracalita thii| sunakara ve (ziSya) use kaNThastha kara lete the|35 zruta zabda bhI Agama kA paryAyavAcaka hai : kyoM aura kaise ? ___ usa samaya sAdhakoM meM dhAraNA-zakti kI prabalatA thI, taba AgamoM ko kaNThastha karane kI tathA koSTha buddhi meM surakSita rakhane kI paramparA calI A rahI thii| AgamoM kA likhanA bilkula niSiddha thaa| yadi kisI ne eka gAthA bhI likha lI to prAyazcitta kA bhAgI banatA thaa| kyoMki likhane meM syAhI kA Arambha, kAgajoM yA tAr3a-patroM kA mamatvapUrvaka saMgraha parigraha mAnA jAtA thaa| yahA~ taka ki koI bhI likhA huA grantha yA pothI Adi rakhanA nirgranthoM ke lie varjanIya thaa| pustakoM yA pannoM ko parigraha ke bhaya se pAsa meM na rakhakara jahA~-tahA~ kisI gRhastha ke yahA~ rakhane se AgamoM yA jinavANI kI AzAtanA ho jAne yA una pothI-pannoM kI pratilekhanA na hone se unameM jIva-jantu utpanna ho jAne yA praviSTa ho jAne se hiMsA kI AzaMkA bhI thii| isa kAraNa zruta-paramparA se hI AgamoM kA paThana-pAThana calatA thaa| isa kAraNa AgamoM ke lie zruta zabda rUr3ha ho gyaa| bAda meM dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ke kAraNa smRtimandatA evaM dhAraNA-zakti ke hAsa ke kAraNa zAstroM ko lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| anyathA aisA na karate to Aja jo jinavANI upalabdha hai, vaha bhI dekhane, sunane, par3hane ko na miltii|36

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* 274 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana zruta zabda kA artha aura tAtparyArtha ____ hA~, to zruta kA sambandha zravaNa se hone se "jo sunane meM Ae, vaha zruta hai|" sAmAnyatayA zruta kA 'abhidhA' kI dRSTi se sIdhA aura spaSTa artha kiyA gyaa'shbd'| kintu jainazAstrakAroM ko zruta kA itanA hI artha abhISTa nahIM thaa| aise artha se koI bhI ahitakara, hiMsAvarddhaka evaM ajJAna kA andha-vizvAsa preraka zabda bhI zruta ho jaayegaa| ataH 'lakSaNA' se artha kiyA gayA-vaha 'zabda' jo Apta dvArA upadiSTa ho, yathArtha ho, sarvahitakara ho, pramANa ho, janamaMgalakArI ho, vaha 'zruta' hai| Age calakara 'zruta' zabda bhI pUrvokta Agama aura zAstra kA paryAyavAcI bana gyaa| zruta zabda zruta se dhIra-dhIre vyApaka zrutajJAna taka pahu~ca gyaa| Apta-vacanoM ko hI pUrvavat zabda pramANa rUpa Agama kahA jAne lgaa| siddhasenagaNI ne zrutajJAna ke rUpa meM zruta zabda kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai "indriya-manonimittaM granthAnusAri-vijJAnaM yat tat shrutm|" indriyoM aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAlA granthAnusArI arthAt Apta-vacanAnusArI jo jJAna vijJAna hai, vaha zruta (zrutajJAna) hai| zAstrakAroM ne zrutajJAna ke do rUpa bhI batAe haiM-dravyazruta aura bhaavshrut| kAgaja, syAhI aura lekhanI Adi se, pustaka kA grantha ke rUpa meM jo sAdhana nirmita ho, vaha dravyazruta hai, jabaki AtmA meM amuka Apta-vacanarUpa zAstra yA grantha se AtmA meM jo samyak jJAna samudbhUta ho-prakaTa ho, vaha bhAvazruta hai| samyak zruta hI yahA~ upAdeya hai, mithyA zruta nahIM yadyapi jIvana meM aneka loka-vyavahAroM meM kisI na kisI zruta (zrutajJAna) pustakAdi kA AdhAra rahatA hai, kintu sabhI zrutajJAna (zruta) yathArtha bhAvoM kA poSaka evaM sampreraka nahIM rhtaa| zruta ke bahAne kabhI-kabhI rAga, dveSa, moha, ajJAna, andha-vizvAsa, mithyAtva Adi kA poSaka vacana yA zAstra bhI zruta bana jAtA hai| phalataH pAThaka yA zrotA ko vaha zruta mokSamArga kI ora na le jAkara kupatha kI ora le jAtA hai| aise zruta ko samyak zruta nahIM kahA jaataa|38 yahA~ samyak zruta hI upAdeya hai, mithyA zruta nhiiN| yadyapi nandIsUtra meM samyak zruta aura mithyA zruta donoM kA paricaya aura ullekha diyA gayA hai, tAki pAThaka, zrotA yA sAdhaka varga kisI bhrama meM na par3e, samyak zAstra samajhakara tadanusAra AcaraNa na kara baitthe| isalie zAstra ke rUpa meM upAdeya yA samyak

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nandI sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 275 zrutajJAna ke rUpa meM 'grahaNa kiye jAne vAle 'zruta' ke sAtha Apta-vacana yA upadeza cAhe anantara se ho yA paramparA se ho, jor3A gayA / ataeva samyak zruta kA lakSaNa yahI hogA- samyak uddezya aura yathArtha vAcya kA prakAzaka zruta hI samyak zruta hai / samyak zruta kA svarUpa tIna lakSaNoM se spaSTa kiyA gayA - ( 1 ) jo AptopadiSTa ho, (2) jo tattvoM kA yathArtha pratipAdaka ho, aura (3) jisase moha ke upazama sahita jJAnAvaraNIya karma ko kSayopazama ho jisase tattvabodha samyak ho, mithyA nahIM / 39 'sUkta' zabda kA vizleSaNa AgamoM ko sUkta bhI kahA gayA hai| sUkta kA artha hai - subhASita | aise subhASita jo arihaMtoM dvArA pratipAdita artha kA AdhAra lekara gaNadharoM aura zrutakevaliyoM dvArA apane madhura, sarasa varNAtmaka sundara zabdoM meM gU~thA gayA hai| isa prakAra AgamoM ko 'sUkta' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| supta zabda bhI sUtra kA paryAyavAcI hai supta zabda bhI Agama kA paryAyavAcI hai / supta kA artha hai - soyA huA / jisa prakAra soye hue vyakti ke AsapAsa koI vArttAlApa bhI karatA ho to use usakA jJAna nahIM hotA, isI prakAra jisa Apta-vacanarUpa Agama kA artha jJAta na ho sake, zAstra meM soyA rahatA ho, kintu vyAkhyA, cUrNi, TIkA, niyukti aura bhASya ke binA jisakA artha-bodha bhalIbhA~ti nahIM hotA, isalie atIndriya jJAna, avyakta jJAna athavA aise zAstrIya jJAna kA artha- bodha suSupta hone se use supta kahA jAtA hai| isakA dUsarA pahalU yaha hai ki sUtra hI eka aisA mArga hai, jo apane meM mahAn artha ko sameTe hue hai| vaha artha sUtrarUpa meM soyA huA rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to eka sUtrAtmaka vAkya meM hajAroM artha samAviSTa hote haiN| jJAnI puruSa isakA vizleSaNa kara sakate haiN| jaise eka bahumUlya ratna meM hajAroM-lAkhoM rUpa meM, saikar3oM svarNa mudrAe~, lAkhoM paise samAviSTa hote haiM, vaise hI tIrthaMkara prabhu tathA zrutavalI ke pravacana rUpa Agamika zabda svalpa mAtrA meM hote hue bhI ve artha meM mahAn tathA gambhIra hote haiN| .40 sUtra zabda ke anya paryAyavAcaka zabda anuyogadvArasUtra meM 'Agama' ke pUrvokta paryAyavAcakoM ke atirikta aura bhI haiN| vahA~ kahA gayA hai- "suya - sutta - gaMtha - siddhaMta pavayaNe ANavayaNa uvaese

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* 276 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana paNNavaNa-Agame vA egaTThA pajjayA sutte|" sUtra, sukta yA supta, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Agama, jina-vacana tathA zruta ye sabhI sUtra yA Agama ke hI paryAyavAcI ekArthaka zabda haiN| nikSepa paddhati se nandI kA vizleSaNa ____ ataH pUrvokta vivecana ke AdhAra para nandIsUtra ko Agama, sUtra, zruta, grantha, supta Adi siddha kara diyA hai, phira bhI saMsAra meM 'nandI' nAma ke kaI padArtha haiM, prastuta meM kauna-sA 'nandI' yathArtha hai, eproprieTa hai, vivakSita hai athavA sarvAMgINa AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA preraka hai athavA ho sakatA hai ? ise batAne ke lie anuyoga paddhati se nandIsUtra ke nikSepa karake samajhAte haiM, jisase sugamatA se vAstavika nandI kA bodha aura grahaNa ho ske| vizva meM samasta vyavahAra tathA vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna bhASA ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| bhASA zabdoM se banatI hai| eka hI zabda prayojanavaza athavA prasaMgavaza aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| jainadarzana meM kisI bhI vastu ke vastutattva ko zabdoM meM rakhane-prastuta karane yA vibhinna arthoM meM vizleSaNa karane kI kama se kama cAra zailiyA~ anuyogadvArasUtra, tattvArthasUtra Adi meM batAI gaI haiM, unheM hI nikSepa kahate haiN| pratyeka zabda ke kama se kama cAra arthoM ke rUpa meM vizleSaNa karane se bhale hI zabdakoSa meM usakA eka hI artha ho, vaha zabda cAra artha kA dyotaka ho sakatA hai aura zrotA yA pAThaka unameM se apane vivakSita artha ko pakar3a sakatA hai| ve cAra prakAra ke nikSepa ye haiM-nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhaav| ___ 'nandI' zabda ke bhI nAmAdi nikSepoM ke AdhAra para cAra nikSepa isa prakAra hote haiM-nAmanandI, sthApanAnandI, dravyanandI aura bhaavnndii| kisI jIva yA ajIva kA nAma nandI rakhanA nAmanandI hai| jaise-nandighoSa, nandiphala, nandiSeNa, nandivRkSa, nandigrAma, nandikumAra aadi| tAtparya yaha hai, loka-vyavahAra meM pahacAna ke lie kisI jIva yA ajIva kA nAma nandI rakha diyA jAtA hai, use usI nAma se pukArA yA kahA jAtA hai, bhale hI usameM nAma ke anurUpa guNa ho yA na ho athavA nAma ke anurUpa usa vastu meM artha-kriyA ho yA na ho| sthApanAnandI use kahate haiM--kisI kAgaja yA kASTha Adi para 'nandI' zabda likhanA athavA 'nandI' kA koI pratIka banAkara rkhnaa| dravyanandI use kahate haiMnandIsUtra kA jise jJAna to hai, parantu usameM upayoga nahIM hai| bhAnazUnyaupayogarahita nandIsUtra kI totAraTanta jAnakArI ko dravyanandI kahA jAtA hai|

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nandIsatra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 277* isake do bheda haiM-AgamataH aura noaagmtH| uparyukta paribhASA AgamataH dravyanandI kI hai| AgamataH dravyanandI ke tIna prakAra haiM-jJazarIra, bhavyazarIra aura ubhaya-vyatirikta drvynndii| jJazarIra dravyanandI use kahate haiM, jo vyakti jIvitakAla meM nandIsUtra kA pAragAmI thA, parantu aba kevala usakA zava par3A hai yA usakA smaraNa hotA hai yA kiyA jAtA hai| loga paraspara carcA karate haiM ki yaha vyakti sAdhvI yA sAdhu nandIsUtra meM pAraMgata thaa| bhavyazarIra dravyanandI use kahate haiM-eka bAlaka yA navajAta zizu hai, jise bhaviSya meM nandIsUtra meM avazya hI pAraMgata bananA hai, kintu vartamAna meM vaha nandI kA ka kha ga bhI nahIM jaantaa| isa kAraNa use bhavyazarIra dravyanandI kahate haiN| ubhaya-vyatirikta dravyanandI use kahate haiM, jahA~ 12 prakAra ke sAjabAja sahita kucha gAyaka-vAdaka eka tAla, eka laya se vAdya bajA rahe hoM, usa samaya upasthita loga mastI meM jhUmane laga jAte haiM, isa Ananda ko ubhaya-vyatirikta dravyanandI kahate haiN|42 bhAvanandI nikSepa kA svarUpa aura usakI upAdeyatA isI prakAra bhAvanandI ke bhI do bheda haiM-AgamataH bhAvanandI aura noAgamataH bhaavnndii| koI munivara jaba ekAgracitta hokara upayoga sahita nandIsUtra kA adhyayana karatA hai, sAtha hI usake prati zraddhA, bhakti, bahumAnapUrvaka anuprekSA bhI karatA jAtA hai, taba use 'AgamataH bhAvanandI' kahate haiM, kyoMki upayoga hI bhAva kA lakSaNa hai| jo vyakti jisa samaya jisameM upayogayukta hotA hai, usa samaya meM vaha usI meM tallIna, tanmaya aura tadAkAra ho jAtA hai, vaha usa samaya usa dhyeya se abhinna ho jAtA hai| isIlie nandIsUtra rUpa Agama meM upayogapUrvaka tadAkAra evaM tanmaya ho jAne vAle vyakti ko 'AgamataH bhAvanandI' kahA jAtA hai| jaba koI adhyetA nandIsUtra meM varNita pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna meM se matijJAna yA anya kisI jJAna ke avAntara bhedoM meM se kisI eka pada yA paMkti kA manoyoga evaM upayoga ke sAtha adhyayana karatA hai, taba use noAgamataH bhAvanandI kahate haiN| no zabda yahA~ deza arthAt AMzika kA vAcaka hai| jaisemanuSya kI eka a~gulI ko manuSya nahIM kahA jAtA, makAna meM lagI huI eka IMTa ko makAna nahIM kahA jAtA, vaise hI nandIsUtra kI kisI pada yA paMkti ko pUrNanandI nahIM kahA jaataa| ataH jaba koI nandIsUtra ke kisI eka pada yA paMkti ko upayoga sahita par3hatA hai, taba taka use noAgamataH bhAvanandI hI kahA jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jaba taka nandIsUtra varNita pA~ca jJAna kA varNanAtmaka

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* 278 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana adhyayana yA viSaya usake jJAna meM pUrNa rUpa se na jhalake, taba taka vaha noAgamataH bhAvanandI hI kahalAtA hai| tadanantara jaba vaha sampUrNa nandIsUtra ko upayoga sahita ekAgratA evaM manoyoga ke sAtha jAna letA hai taba use AgamataH bhAvanandI kahA jA sakatA hai| 3 bhAvanandI banakara AgamAdhyayana karane se parama lAbha kI preraNA nandI zabda ke uparyukta cAra nikSepoM para se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki jJAnapipAsu evaM mokSa ke parama Ananda tathA avyAbAdha sukha kI prApti ke sAdhanarata ratnatraya-sAdhanA vItarAgatA-prApti kI sAdhanA meM saphalatA cAhane vAle sAdhaka varga ko tanmayatApUrvaka ekAgratA ke sAtha nandIsUtra varNita samyak jJAna meM upayogayukta hokara pahale noAgamataH, phira kramazaH Age bar3hate-bar3hate AgamataH bhAvanandI banane kA puruSArtha karanA cAhie, isase vaha sAdhaka apane dhyeya meM tanmaya hokara nandImaya bana skegaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai-"kisI bhI Agama kA upayogayukta hokara adhyayana (paMcAMga se yukta svAdhyAya) karane se samyak jJAna kA lAbha hotA hai| mana ekAgra ho jAtA hai, AtmA zrutajJAna se dharma meM sthira raha sakatI hai| svayaM dharma meM sthira rahatA huA AgamAdhyetA dUsaroM ko bhI dharma meM sthira kara sakatA hai| ataH zrutajJAna (Agamika zrutajJAna) citta-samAdhi kA mukhya kAraNa hai|" vastutaH Agama jJAna AtmA meM adbhuta zakti, nirbhayatA, sphUrti evaM apramattatA ko jagAtA hai| nandIsUtra AtmA ke pramukha guNa jJAna ke mAdhyama se Atma-guNa samRddhi ko vRddhiMgata karane kI preraNA detA hai| zraddhA, bhakti, bahumAna ke sAtha bhAvapUrvaka upayogayukta hokara AgamAdhyayana karane se antaHkaraNa meM vItarAgatA jAgatI hai jisase kleza, kaSAya, rAga, dveSa, moha, Asakti, ghRNA, manomAlinya, hInabhAvanA, ahaMkAra, mamakAra, bhaya tathA hiMsAdi kI bhAvanA ityAdi samasta vibhAvoM aura vikAroM kA sahaja hI zamana ho jAtA hai| phira nandIsUtrAdi Agama to darpaNa haiM, inake manoyogapUrvaka adhyayana (paMcAMga sahita svAdhyAya) karane se antaHkaraNa meM vItarAgatA, samatA, sahiSNutA, Atmaupamya bhAvanA, maitrI Adi bhAvanA jAgatI hai, jisase apane. antaratama meM chipe hue kAma, krodha, lobha, moha Adi doSa, aparAdha, avaguNa, bhUla Adi spaSTa jhalakane lagate haiN| AtmA ko paramAtmA banane kI preraNA karane vAle parama guru Agama hI haiN| Agama jJAna se mana aura indriyA~ samAhita rahatI

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 279 * haiN| ataH nandI Adi Agama ekAnta avyAbAdha sukha (paramAnanda) rUpa mokSa ke kAraNa evaM sAdhana haiN| ye bhaya, moha, kaSAya tathA rAgAdi vikAroM para vijaya ke amogha sAdhana haiN| bazarte ki upayogapUrvaka tanmaya hokara inakA svAdhyAya kiyA jaaye|5 nandI zabda strIliMgI hai yA pulliMgI ? nandIsUtra ko AtmA kI bhAvasamRddhi catuSTaya kI jananI kahA jA sakatA hai; sAtha hI asIma Ananda kA kAraNa bhI nandIsUtra hai| ina donoM yuktiyoM se nandIsUtra ke viSaya meM katipaya jijJAsuoM ke mana meM prazna uThatA hai ki 'nandI' zabda pulliMga hai yA strIliMga? isa viSaya meM AcAryoM ke donoM hI mata milate haiN| unake matAnusAra bhAvanandI ke atirikta nAmanandiH, sthApanAnandiH aura dravyanandiH zabda meM hrasva ikAra sahita pulliMga meM prayoga kiyA jaaye| isI prakAra harSa, pramoda, kandarpa yA laukika Ananda (mauja-zauka) ke artha meM prayukta nandi zabda ko hrasva-ikArAnta pulliMga samajhA jaae| aura jahA~ dIrgha-ikArAnta nandI zabda Atmika bhAva catuSTaya samRddhi kA vAcaka ho, yA bhAvanandI-nikSepArthaka ho, athavA samAsayukta dIrgha IkArAnta pada ho, vahA~ vaha strIliMga samajhA jAye to koI doSApatti nahIM hai| nandi yA nandI donoM kA artha aura bhAva eka hI hai| Agamodaya samiti dvArA prakAzita malayagiri racita vRtti meM 'nandIsUtram' nandIvRttiH nandInikSepAH isa prakAra nandI zabda kA prayoga dIrgha IkArAnta strIliMga meM huA hai| isI paramparA ko sthira rakhane ke lie bAda ke AcAryoM ne bhI strIliMgI 'nandI' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| 6 saMskaraNa kI dRSTi se nandIsUtra ke tIna rUpa nandIsUtra kA vividha prayojanoM ke lie tIna prakAra ke rUpa kA ullekha bhI milatA hai-prathama rUpa hai-devavAcaka-viracita nandIsUtra, dvitIya rUpa hailaghunandI, jisakA apara nAma anujJAnandI bhI hai aura tIsarA rUpa hai -yognndii| __laghunandI kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki yaha nandIsUtra kA saMkSiptIkaraNa hai, apitu sAmAnyatayA guru ziSya ko par3hane kI, par3he hue jJAna kI AvRtti karake use sthira rakhane kI, phira tIsare caraNa meM use adhyApana karane (par3hAne-vAcanA dene) kI anumati detA aura cauthe caraNa meM ukta Agama kI vyAkhyA (anuyoga paddhati se) karane kI svIkRti detA thaa| inhIM cAroM ke lie zAstrIya zabda isa prakAra pracalita the-(1) uddeza (uddeso) = par3hane kI AjJA, (2) samuddeza (samuddeso) =

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280 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ----- par3he hue Agama jJAna ko sthira rakhane kA nirdeza, (3) anujJA (aNuNNA) = yogya ziSya ko par3hAne- adhyayana karane kI AjJA, aura (4) anuyoga (aNuogo) paThita Agama kI anuyoga paddhati se vyAkhyA karane kI svIkRti / ataH anujJAnandI kA rahasyArtha yaha hai ki nandIsUtra kA paThana-pAThana karane kI uddezAdi dvArA kramazaH guru yA AcArya dvArA anujJA prApta honA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prAcInakAla meM zAstrAdhyayana ke pramukha srota the - guru yA AcArya / zAstra likhe nahIM jAte the / guru se vAcanA lekara kaNThastha karane kI paramparA thI / aisI sthiti meM gurugama vyavasthA kA vikAsa huA jisakA pratipAdana anuyogadvAra mUla, vRtti aura cUrNi meM uddeza, samuddeza, anujJA aura anuyoga, ina cAra padoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra guru apane ziSya ko paMca jJAna rUpa nandI ke sAtha bhAvAtmaka abhinnatA prApta karAkara use bhAvanandI banA detA, gaNa dhAraNa karane kI anujJA detA aura ise nandIsUtra meM pRthak evaM saMskArita karane hetu anujJAnandI athavA laghunandI nAma diyA gayA / vastutaH pUrvokta uddezAdi cAroM se ziSya ko saMskArita karane hetu isakA nAma anujJAnandI diyA gayA hai| isa vidhi meM guru apane ziSya kI Agama jJAna prApta karane kI yogyatA, vinItatA tathA jijJAsA aura samarpaNa vRtti ko parakhatA hai, tadanantara hI usa pUrvokta cAra caraNoM meM nandIsUtra ke paThana-pAThana Adi kI anujJA detA hai| .47 nandIsUtra kA tIsarA rUpa hai - 'yoganandI' / nandI ke pUrva yoga zabda jor3akara yoganandI zabda niSpanna huA hai| yoga kA yahA~ artha hai - tapa / prAcInakAla meM guru kisI bhI Agama ko par3hane kI - vAcanA lene kI anujJA jaba ziSya ko detA thA, taba usa Agama kA adhyayana karAne ke lie ziSya ko vaha yogodvahana karAtA thaa| pratyeka Agama kA adhyayana yA vAcanA guru se karate samaya amuka-amuka tapa kA vidhAna thA / zruta ( zAstra yA Agama) kA adhyayana tapa ke binA nahIM ho sakatA thA | yogavidhi ( yogodvahana) meM ziSya ko kevala bAhya tapa hI nahIM karanA par3atA thA, usake lie pA~ca aMgoM sahita svAdhyAya, dhyAna, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya tathA kAyotsarga ke rUpa meM Abhyantara tapa bhI karanA Avazyaka hotA thA / saMkSepa meM, pUrvokta prakAra se guru kI anujJA prApta hone ke bAda ziSya svAdhyAya ( adhyayana ) ke lie pUrva taiyArI karatA hai / isa yogavidhi meM bAra-bAra vinayapUrvaka vandana karane kA vidhAna hai jisake do uddezya haiM - ahaMkAra - visarjana aura pramAda - tyaag| vandana ke pazcAt paccIsa - zvAsocchvAsa kA kAyotsarga karatA hai tathA dravya se tathA bhAva se bhI vaha kAyA ke prati mamatA- mUrcchA kA =

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 281 tyAga karatA hai / phira pradakSiNA karatA hai / upadhAna (tapa) karatA hai, anya kaI anuSThAnoM ko sampAdita karake anta meM phira Agama svAdhyAya sambandhI kAyotsarga karatA hai| isa samasta anuSThAna ko yogavidhi yA yogodvahana vidhi kahate haiM / yogavidhipUrvaka nandIsUtra kA adhyayana karanA - karAnA yoganandI kahalAtA hai| isa vidhi ke sAtha bhI nandIsUla ke pATha ko mUla, artha aura vyAkhyA ke sAtha par3hane kA vidhAna hai| yoganandI ke sambandha meM katipaya AcAryoM kA mata hai ki 'yoganandI' meM nandI sUtra kA saMkSipta sAra prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / usameM jJAna ke Abhinibodhika Adi 5 mukhya prakAra batAye jAte haiN| unameM se anuyogadvArasUtra meM kathita vaktavya ke anusAra kevala zrutajJAna ke hI uddeza, samuddeza, anujJA aura anuyoga ho sakate haiM / arthAt zrutajJAna meM hI adhyayana-adhyApana kI vyavasthA ho sakatI hai / aura zruta meM bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya AgamoM ke hI uddeza, samuddeza, anujJA, anuyoga kA vidhAna hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki prastuta yoganandI meM 5 mukhya jJAna ke nAmollekha karake inake srota ke rUpa meM AcArAMga Adi 12 aMgapraviSTa zrutoM (aMgazAstroM) kA tathA aMgabAhya meM kAlika ke antargata 39 sUtroM kA aura utkAlika ke antargata dazavaikAlikasUtra Adi 31 sUtra haiM, jinakA aMgabAhya ke antargata nandIsUtra meM Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta ke nAma se ullekha karake samAveza kiyA gayA hai| jo bhI ho, yaha bhI 'yoganandI' kA eka vidhiparaka rUpa hai| 48 nandI sUtra Adi sUtroM kI mUla saMjJA kaba se aura kyoM ? Agama sAhitya kA anuzIlana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki sarvaprathama pUrva aura aMga ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kA ullekha samavAyAMgasUtra meM hai / caturdaza pUrvoM (pUrvazAstroM ) kI racanA dvAdazAMgI se pahale kI gaI thI, isIlie pUrva zabda se unakA nAmollekha kiyA jAne lgaa| 49 kintu usake pazcAt upAMga, mUla aura cheda ke rUpa meM sUtroM kA vibhAjana evaM nAmakaraNa sarvaprathama kisane aura kaba kiyA? yaha anveSaNa kA viSaya hai| nandIsUtra meM aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya (yA anaMgapraviSTa) ke nAma se do bhAgoM meM sUtroM kA vibhAjana avazya kiyA gayA hai, kintu upAMga, mUla aura cheda, ye vibhAga vahA~ nahIM kiye gae haiN| mAlUma hotA hai, upAMga Adi zabdoM kA prayoga bAda meM pracalita huA hai| hA~, nandIsUtra meM upAMga ke badale aMgabAhya kA prayoga avazya huA hai|

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* 282 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana mUla aura cheda ke nAma se sUtroM kA vibhAjana kaba huA? yaha nizcita rUpa se to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra evaM dazavaikAlikasUtra kI niyukti, cUrNi evaM vRttiyoM (TIkAoM) meM kahIM bhI mUlasUtra ke sambandha meM carcA nahIM hai|50 isa para se pratIta hotA hai ki vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI taka mUlasUtra ke nAma se sUtroM kA vibhAjana nahIM huA thaa| vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI meM 'zrAvaka vidhi' ke lekhaka dhanapAla ne 45 AgamoM kA, tathaiva vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI meM AcArya pradyumnasUri ne bhI vicArasAra-prakaraNa' meM 45 AgamoM kA to nirdeza kiyA hai, parantu mUlasUtroM ke rUpa meM vibhAga kI carcA nahIM kI hai| isake pazcAt vikrama saMvat 1334 meM racita 'prabhAvakacaritra' meM tathA usake pazcAt samayasundaragaNI dvArA racita 'samAcArIzataka' meM mUlasUtra ke nAma se katipaya AgamoM ke vibhAjana kA ullekha milatA hai| phalitArtha yaha hai ki mUlasUtroM ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kI sthApanA 13vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM huI hai|51 kina AgamoM ko mUlasUtra kahA jAe? isa sambandha meM bhI vibhinna manISiyoM ne pRthak-pRthak mata prakaTa kiye haiN| zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMtha sampradAya uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvAra, ina cAra sUtroM ko mUlasUtra mAnate haiN| ina cAroM ke mUlasUtra mAnane kA koI ullekha AgamoM meM nahIM miltaa| jarmana vidvAn zArpeNTiyara ke kathanAnusAra ye cAroM sUtra bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA kahe hue the isalie inheM mUlasUtra mAnA gayA hai, yaha kathana bhI yathArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki dazavaikAlikasUtra AcArya zayyambhavasUri praNIta mAnA jAtA hai| nandIsUtra bhI devavAcakaNI dvArA viracita hai| DaoN. zUbiMga kA mata hai ki ina cAroM sUtroM meM sAdhu-jIvana ke mUlabhUta niyamoM kA upadeza hone ke kAraNa inheM mUlasUtra kahA jAtA hai, kintu yaha mata bhI samIcIna nahIM hai| jainatattvaprakAza' ke anusAra ye zAstra samyaktva kI jar3a ko sudRr3ha banAte haiM, isalie inheM mUlasUtra kahA jAtA hai, yaha mata bhI pUrNatayA ghaTita nahIM hotaa| isI ke sandarbha meM katipaya manISiyoM kA mata hai ki ina cAra AgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNa AcAra sambandhI mUla guNoM--mahAvrata, samiti, gupti, dazavidha zramaNa dharma Adi kA nirUpaNa hai jo zramaNa jIvanacaryA meM mUla rUpa se sahAyaka haiM tathA jinakA adhyayana aura AcaraNa zramaNoM ke lie sarvaprathama apekSita hai, unheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai|52 inase bhI prabala yukti yaha hai ki mokSamArga evaM AtmA ke pUrNa vikAsa ke mukhyatayA cAra mUla sAdhana haiM-samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra evaM samyak tp| uttarAdhyayana meM mukhya rUpa meM samyak darzana, samyak cAritra aura

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 283 * tapa kA varNana AtmotthAna ke lie hai, dazavaikAlika meM samyak cAritra aura tapa mokSa-prApti ke mUla upAya ke rUpa meM varNita hai, anuyogadvAra meM tattvajJAna kA tathA nandIsUtra meM samyak jJAna kA sAMgopAMga varNana hone se ye mokSa ke mUla upAya haiN| ina kAraNoM se inheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| nandIsUtra ekAnta avyAbAdha-sukha prAptikAraka paMcavidha samyak jJAna kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| isa apekSA se nandIsUtra kI gaNanA mUlasUtroM meM kI gaI hai| jahA~ samyak jJAna kA sadbhAva hai, vahA~ nizcaya hI samyak darzana hotA hai| samyak darzana ke abhAva meM jJAna samyak jJAna nahIM, kintu ajJAna (mithyA jJAna) ho jAtA hai| samyak jJAna ke binA cAritra bhI samyak nahIM ho sktaa| cAritra aura tapa kI samyakatA ke lie samyak jJAna honA anivArya hai kyoMki ina donoM kI ArAdhanA-sAdhanA samyak jJAnapUrvaka hI hotI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki cAritra aura tapa, ye donoM ihabhavika hI haiM, kintu jJAna ihabhavika bhI hai, parabhavika bhI hai aura tadubhayabhavika bhii| phira jJAna Adi ananta hai| sAdhaka avasthA se lekara siddha avasthA taka jJAna kA sadbhAva rahatA hai| sAdhaka avasthA meM jJAna mokSa kA mArga hai| jabaki siddha avasthA meM jJAna AtmA ke kSAyika bhAva se pragaTa huA guNa hai vaha sva-para-prakAzaka bhI hai| nizcaya dRSTi se jJAna paripakvAvasthA meM cAritra bana jAtA hai| vaha AtmA kA mukhya nijI guNa hai| vaha AtmA ke sAtha hara samaya rahatA hai| Atma-zuddhi ke jitane bhI sAdhana haiM, unakA mUla kAraNa jJAna hai| nandIsUtra meM mukhya rUpa se AtmA ke mUlabhUta guNa-jJAna kA varNana hai| ataeva nandIsUtra ko mUla saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai|53 nandIsUtra ko cUlikA kyoM kahA gayA ? ___ zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvArasUtra ko mUlasUtra na mAnakara cUlikAsUtra mAnatA hai| cUlikA zabda kA prayoga una adhyayanoM yA granthoM (zAstroM) ke lie hotA hai, jinameM avaziSTa yA pariziSTa viSayoM kA varNana athavA varNita viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| dazavaikAlika aura mahAnizItha ke anta meM isa prakAra kI cUlikAe~-cUlAe~ yA cUr3Ae~ upalabdha haiN| ina cUlikAoM meM mUlazAstra ke prayojana athavA viSaya ko maddenajara rakhate hue, kucha aisI Avazyaka bAtoM para prakAza DAlA jAtA hai, jinakA samAveza AcArya mUlazAstra meM na kara ske| nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvAra bhI isI prakAra kI bar3I

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* 284 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana cUlikAe~ haiM, jo pariziSTa kA kAma karatI haiM, bhUmikA kA bhii| vastutaH cUlikAe~ Agama mandira kI zobhArUpa haiN| jaise mandira ke Upara zikhara yA kalaza car3hA hone se usakI zobhA dviguNita jAtI hai, usI prakAra nandI aura anuyogadvAra rUpa zikhara se Agama mandira kI zobhA meM cAra cA~da laga jAte haiN| isalie ye donoM Agama cUlikA sUtra ke nAma se pahacAne jAte haiN| avaziSTa viSaya ko chor3akara ye donoM Agama anya AgamoM kA adhyayana karane ke lie prastAvanA yA bhUmikA kA bhI kAma karate haiN|54 Agama-lekhana meM nandI kA maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM prathama sthAna nandIsUtra kA mahattva usake mUlasUtra hone se to hai hI, kintu Agama-lekhana tathA Agama-prakAzana yojanA meM 'nandI' ko maMgalarUpa mAnakara prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| yadyapi AgamoM kI dRSTi se dekhA jAe to aMga (aMgapraviSTa) sUtroM kA sthAna prathama aura aMgabAhya sUtroM kA sthAna dvitIya hai| nandIsUtra kI aMgasUtroM meM gaNanA nahIM hai, tathApi Agama-vAcanA evaM Agama-lekhana ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM nandI kI vAcanA yA lekhana ke pazcAta anya AgamoM kI vAcanA dI jAtI hai| AcArya devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne bhI aMgasUtroM aura aMgabAhya sUtroM ko lipibaddha karane se pUrva sarvaprathama nandIsatra ko lipibaddha kiyA thaa| anuyogadvAracUrNi meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki nandI maMgalarUpa hai| vaha cAra prakAra kI hai-nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhaav| yahA~ (anuyogadvArasUtra-racanA ke prArambha meM) bhI nAma, sthApanA, dravyanandI kA kathana karane ke bAda bhAvanandI ke avasara para (jJAna kA pratipAdaka sUtra 'nandI' hone se) likhA- "NANaM paMcavidhaM pnnnnttN|" arthAt jJAna pA~ca prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| naMdIsUtracUrNi meM bhI kahAsarvasUtra, skandha ke Adi meM maMgalAdhikAra ke prasaMga meM 'nandI' kA kathana karanA caahie| isase siddha hotA hai ki sabhI AcAryoM ne 'nandI' ko maMgala mAnA hai| 'nandI' kA artha hI 'maMgala' hai| kisI bhI kArya ko nirvighna sampanna karane athavA vighnoM kA upazamana karane ke liye sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa karane kI paripATI hai| AcArya devarddhigaNI ke mana meM bhI sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa karane kI bhAvanA jAgRta huI hogii| cU~ki 'jJAna' sarvazreSTha maMgala hai aura usa jJAna kA pratipAdaka

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 285 sUtra 'nandI' hai / ataH vyakti vizeSa kI vandanA se yA namaskAra mahAmaMtra se maMgalAcaraNa karane ke bajAya jJAna ke pratipAdaka sUtra - naMdIsUtra kA sarvaprathama adhyayana vAcanA - lekhana karane kI manobhAvanA kI, tabhI vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM bhI maMgala ke rUpa meM 'namaskAra maMtra' na lekara AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa sarvaprathama (jJAna - pratipAdaka sUtra nandI hone se ) pA~ca jJAnoM kI hI vistRta carcA kI hai / tatpazcAt Agama-vAcana, Agama-lekhana aura Agama- prakAzana yojanA meM sarvatra nandIsUtra ko maMgala rUpa meM lene kI paramparA cala pdd'ii| isa para se nandIsUtra kA apanA alaga hI mahattva pratIta hotA hai / " ,55 nandIsUtra kI racanA kisane aura kaba kI ? nandIsUtra ke racayitA devavAcaka the / parantu ye devavAcaka kauna the ? inakA janma-nAma kyA thA ? isa viSaya meM vidvAn manISiyoM meM mataikya nahIM hai / katipaya vidvAn devavAcaka aura devarddhigaNI donoM ko eka mAnate haiN| kucha vidvAn donoM ko pRthaka-pRthaka mAnate haiM / nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM sUtrakAra ne dUSyagaNI ke guNoM kA varNana karate hue unheM bhaktibhAvapUrvaka namaskAra kiyA hai| 'payaie mahuravANi' Adi gAthA se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki sUtrakAra kA AcArya dUSyagaNI ke sAtha pratyakSa paricaya rahA hai| nandIsUlacUrNi meM bhI devavAcaka ko dUSyagaNI kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai| isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki devavAcaka dUSyagaNI ke ziSya the, 56 jinhoMne nandIsUtra kI saMkalanAtmaka racanA kI hai| kintu ye nandIsUta ke racanAkAra devavAcaka, AgamoM ko sarvaprathama lipibaddha karane vAle devarddhigaNI hI the yA anya the ? isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai / muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne "naMdIsuttaM aNuogaddArAI ca" kI prastAvanA meM donoM AcAryoM ko bhinna-bhinna paramparA ke batAye haiN| sAtha hI nandIsUtra kI racanA kA evaM Agama-lekhana kA kAla bhI bhinna-bhinna darzAyA hai| unhoMne apane mata kI puSTi meM aneka pramANa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| jainadarzana ke udbhava vidvAn paM. dalamukha mAlavaNiyA bhI donoM AcAryoM ko alaga-alaga mAnate haiN| unake anusAra- isa sambandha meM sabase prAcIna pramANa nandIsUlacUrNi kA hai, jisameM spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita hai ki devavAcaka dRSyagaNI ke ziSya the| dUsarI ora kalpasUtra kI gurvAvalI meM devarddhi ke guru kA nAma 'Arya zANDilya' batAyA gayA hai| ataH Arya zANDilya ke ziSya devarddhi aura dUSyagaNI ke ziSya devavAcaka donoM eka nahIM haiN|57

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* 286 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana Agama-ratnAkara AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma. ne apane dvArA sampAdita nandIsUtra kI prastAvanA (nandIsUtra digdarzana) meM devavAcaka ko hI devarddhigaNI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai-"devavAcaka jI saurASTra pradeza ke eka kSatriyakula mukuTa kAzyapa gotrIya munisattama hue haiM jinhoMne AcArAMga Adi 11 aMgasUtroM ke atirikta do pUrvo kA adhyayana bhI kiyaa| adhyayana meM bRhaspati-tulya hone se zrIsaMgha ne kRtajJatA pradarzita karate hue unheM 'devavAcaka' pada se vibhUSita kiyaa| mAtA-pitA ne inakA kyA nAma rakhA thA? yaha abhI khoja kA viSaya hai| nandIsUtra kI saMkalanA yA racanA karane vAle devavAcaka hI hue haiN| ve hI Age calakara kAlAntara meM dUSyagaNI ke paTTadhara gaNI hue haiN| arthAt (vAcaka) upAdhyAya se AcArya (gaNI) bane haiN| daivI sampatti va AdhyAtmika Rddhi se samRddha hone ke kAraNa devarddhigaNI ke nAma se khyAta hue haiN| tatkAlIna zramaNoM kI apekSA kSamApradhAna zramaNa hone se devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke nAma se adhika prasiddha hue haiN| eka devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa isase bhI pahale hue haiM, ve kAzyapa gotrIya nahIM, balki mAThara gotrIya hue haiM, aisA kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM spaSTa ullekha hai|"58 kisI ajJAta munivara ne kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM yaha gAthA dI hai "suttattha-rayaNa-bharie, khama-dama-maddava-guNehiM sNpnne| devaDhi khamAsamaNe, kAsavagutte pnnivyaami||" arthAt jo sUtra aura artha (athavA sUtrArtha)-rUpa ranoM se paripUrNa haiM, kSamA, dama aura mArdava guNoM se sampanna haiM, una kAzyapa gotrIya devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ko maiM savidhi vandana (praNipAta) karatA huuN|59 nandIsUtra kA saMkalana karane vAle aura AgamoM ko lipibaddha karane vAle devarddhigaNI jI ko lagabhaga 1,500 varSa ho gae haiN| Ajakala jo bhI Agama upalabdha haiM, unako lipibaddha karake caturvidha saMgha ko zrutajJAna kI rAzi pradAna karane kA zreya unhIM ko milA hai| cUrNikAra zrI jinadAsagaNI evaM vRttikAra zrI haribhadrasUri ne bhI isI tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai|60 paM. muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI ne bhI devavAcaka aura devarddhigaNI ko eka mAnA hai| yadi donoM eka haiM to kalpasUtra ke AdhAra para devarddhigaNI kA samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa kA 980vA~ varSa mAnA gayA hai, tadanusAra 'devavAcaka' kA samaya bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA 980vA~ varSa honA caahie|

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 287 vallabhI sthavirAvalI meM bhUtadina ke 79 varSa aura kAlaka ke 11 varSa batAye gae haiM tathA kAlaka ke sAtha hI vaha sthavirAvalI pUrNa hotI hai / taba anta meM vIra nirvANa saM. 981 taka meM kAlaka kA kAla pUrNa hotA hai / 61 devavAcaka ne jo sthavirAvalI nandIsUta meM dI hai, usake anusAra 'bhUtadina ' ke bAda 'kAlaka' kA nahIM, lauhitya kA ullekha hai| vallabhI sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita kAlaka ke 11 varSa na gineM to bhUtadinna kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa saM. 970 ( tadanusAra vikrama saM. 500) meM huaa| usake pazcAt nandIsUtra ke anusAra lauhitya hue aura bAda meM hue dUSyagaNI / dUSyagaNI ke ziSya devavAcaka hue| aisA bhI sambhava hai ki bhUtadinna kA jIvitakAla 79 varSa jitanA lambA ho aura unakI upasthiti meM hI unake ziSya lauhitya aura praziSya dUSyagaNI donoM vidyamAna rahe hoN| isase hama devavAcaka ko vIra nirvANa saM. 970 (vikrama saM. 500) se bhI pUrva mAna sakate haiN| aisA na ho to bhI bhUtadinna ke bAda 50 varSa meM devavAcaka hue, aisA mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM aatii| arthAt vikramAbda 500 se 550 taka unakA samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai / ataH devavAcaka ke samaya kI antima avadhi vikrama saM. 550 mAnanI caahie| usase pUrva bhI huI ho, aisI bhI sambhAvanA hai| unakI isa antima avadhi kA samarthana AcArya jinabhadra kA 'vizeSAvazyaka' bhI karatA hai kyoMki usameM nandI kA ullekha AyA hai| AcArya jinabhadra kA samaya 546 se 550 ke AsapAsa kA hai, isalie nandI kI racanA unake vizeSAvazyaka se pUrva kI gaI ho, yaha bahuta sambhava hai| AcArya devarddhigaNI ne kalpasUtra kA lekhana vIra nirvANa saM. 980 athavA 993 (vikrama saM. 510 523) meM pUrNa kiyA hai| isalie nandI kI racanA kA samaya usake pUrva hI honA cAhie kyoMki nandIsUtra kA ullekha anya AgamoM meM AtA hI hai / isalie yaha niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nandIsUta kI racanA vikrama saM. 523 se pUrva ho gaI thI / Avazyakaniryukti dvitIya bhadrabAhu svAmI kI kRti hai, jinake samakAlIna varAhamihira the, jinhoMne vikrama saM. 562 meM 'paMcasiddhAntikA' likhI hai| ataH Avazyakaniyukti kA samaya bhI vikrama saM. 562 mAneM to bhI nandIsUtra kI racanA isase pUrva ho cukI hogI, aisA yuktisaMgata mAlUma hotA hai| aMgAdi sUtroM ke vallabhI lekhanakAla ko dhyAna meM leM to pUrvokta vikrama saM. 523 se pUrva nandIsUtra kI racanA mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM pratIta hotI /

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288mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana nadIsUtra kI racanA kA uddezya 1 zraddheya devavAcakagaNI kI jinavANI para agAdha zraddhA-niSThA evaM bhakti thI / svayaM unhoMne AcArAMgAdi aMgazAstroM kA tathA do pUrvI taka kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| ve svayaM tIrthaMkara arhad bhagavAna kI vANI ko avicchinna rakhane ke lie prayatnazIla the| nandIsUtra kI racanA karane ke pIche unake do mukhya uddezya rahe haiM - ( 9 ) ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA, aura (2) yogatraya kI ArAdhanA / ratnatraya haiMsamyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra / unhoMne arihanta deva, nirgrantha guru aura vItarAga prarUpita sandarbha evaM tattva para dRr3ha zraddhA tathA AtmA aura Atma-zuddhi ke sAdhanarUpa saMvara- nirjarArUpa dharma para zraddhA-niSThA rakhakara darzanArAdhanA kI, sAtha hI samyak darzana ke kAraNa samyak jJAna ke srota AgamoM kA nimnapUrvaka adhyayana kiyA / samyak darzana ke kAraNa unakA jJAna bhI samyak aura nirmala hotA gayA, tattvajJAna ko samajhAne kI unameM apUrva zakti thI / nirmala samyak jJAna hone se unakA cAritra bhI samyak evaM nirmala rahA / isa prakAra ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA karane ke sAtha-sAtha saMgha-sevA, zrutArAdhanA, pravacana- rakSA karane kI antaHsphuraNA jArI rahI / nandIsUtra kI saMkalanA karane meM eka uddezya yahI rahA ki jJAna kI paramparA avicchinna rahegI to cAritra aura tapa kI ArAdhanA bhI nirmala aura samyak rUpa se mere jaise anya sAdhakoM kI bhI hotI rhegii| sAtha hI nandIsUtra kI racanA ke pIche dUsarA uddezya yogalaya kI ArAdhanA kA thaa| yogatraya haiM - jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga / bhavasAgara ko pAra karane ke lie sarvottama naukA zruta sevA hai| ataH AgamoM para jinapraNItaprarUpita tattvoM para, jaina siddhAntoM evaM vItarAgatA para dRr3ha zraddhA rakhanA-rakhAnA, svayaM bhI bhedavijJAnaniSTha hokara para bhAvoM evaM vibhAvoM se jJAna - bala ke AdhAra para Upara uThakara jJAtA - draSTA bane rahane kA abhyAsa karanA, AgamoM kI rakSA karanA, unakA paMcAMgapUrvaka svAdhyAya- adhyayana karanA - karAnA jJAnayoga kI ArAdhanA hai jise ve karate the| sAtha hI zruta sevA dvArA tathA saMgha ko dharma kI preraNA, dharmopadeza evaM tattvajJAna kI preraNA dvArA saMgha-sevA karanA karmayoga kI ArAdhanA hai jo unhoMne kI tathA deva, guru, dharma aura zAstra para dRr3ha zraddhA-niSThA rakhanA tathA ina cAroM ke lie tana, mana tathA sarvasva sAdhana samarpita karanA evaM saMgha tathA pravacana kI bhakti karanA bhaktiyoga kI ArAdhanA hai, yaha bhI unhoMne saharSa kI / vastutaH ina tInoM yogoM kI ArAdhanA evaM sva-para-kalyANa kA

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 289 amogha upAya nandIsUtra kI racanA ke mAdhyama se ho sakatA hai, isI Azaya kA uddezya 'nandIsUtra' kI racanA ke pIche zrI devavAcaka jI kA rahA ho, aisA pratIta hotA hai|62 yaha bhI eka uddezya sambhava hai ___ heya, jJeya, upAdeya ko, AtmA aura karma ko, bandha aura mokSa ko tathA mokSa ke upAyoM ko sadbuddhi kI tulA para tolakara vizleSaNAtmaka dRSTi se samajhanA sadviveka hai, jo samyak darzana kA hI dUsarA rUpa hai| aise samyak darzana dIpa ko prajvalita rakhane ke lie AcArya zrI devavAcaka jI ne samyak jJAna prarUpaka nandIsUtra ke svAdhyAya ko sarvazreSTha sAdhana maanaa| svAdhyAya zruta dharma kA viziSTa aMga hai, zruta dharma hamAre cAritra dharma ko jagAtA hai| cAritra dharma se AtmA kI vizuddhi hotI hai| Atma-vizuddhi se kevalajJAna kI prApti, usase Antarika vimukti aura vimukti se ekAnta Atmika para sukha evaM mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, yaha uddezya bhI nandIsUtra kI racanA ke pIche rahA ho aisA anumAna hai|63 nandIsUtra kI racanA kA AdhAra zraddheya devavAcaka jI samyak jJAna ke bindu se lekara sindhu taka kA talasparzI adhyayana karake jagata ke tathA adhyAtma ke ucca, madhyama, nimna koTi ke jijJAsu sAdhakoM ke samakSa, arihaMtoM dvArA kevalajJAna ke prakAza se prakAzita samyak jJAna kI dhArAoM kA eka jagaha eka hI zAstra meM saMkalana karake rakhanA cAhate the| unhoMne AgamoM kI tatkAlIna zruta paramparA se prApta samudra meM gotA lagAyA aura dekhA ki jJAna ke sambandha meM yatra-tatra bikhare-bikhare kintu Thosa vicAra to upalabdha haiM, kintu eka hI jagaha sArA jJAna-ratnAkara ekatrita nahIM hai| ataH Aja se lagabhaga 1,500 varSa pahale aisA koI Agama upalabdha nahIM thA, jisameM jJAna kA atha se iti taka savistRta varNana ho, tAki adhyAtma jJAna sAdhaka eka hI zAstra meM jJAna-sindhu ko prApta karake usameM avagAhanA kara ske| bIja kI taraha yatra-tatra bikhare hue jJAna kA varNana to usa yaga meM bhI aneka AgamoM meM upalabdha thaa| bahuta sambhava hai, yatra-tatra bIjarUpa meM bikhare hue jJAna-kaNoM ko unhoMne apanI vizAla prajJA aura hArdika zraddhA-niSThA se yathAvasthita krama se nandIsUtra ke rUpa meM kramabaddha saMkalita aura sampAdita kiyA ho athavA devavAcaka jI svayaM pUrvadhara the, ataH yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vyavacchinna hue jJAnapravAda pUrva ke zeSAvazeSa kA AdhAra lekara nandIsUtra kA saMkalana yA

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* 290 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.racanA kI ho| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki saMkalana ke samaya dRSTivAda kA jo DhA~cA raha gayA thA, usI ko nandIsUtra meM jyoM kA tyoM pATha ke rUpa meM nibaddha kara diyA ho| isa anumAna para se nandIsUtra ko jJAnapravAda pUrva kA eka aMza mAna liyA jAe to bhI koI atyukti nahIM hai, kyoMki isakA mUla srota to ukta pUrva hI hai| ___ athavA nandIsUtra kI racanA kA yaha AdhAra bhI ho sakatA hai ki jJAnapravAda pUrva kA adhyayana karane meM usa yuga meM jo sAdhaka asamartha the, una maMdamati sAdhakoM ko paMcavidha jJAna ke samasta bheda-prabhedoM aura pahaluoM kA jJAna evaM adhyayana sugamatApUrvaka karAyA jA sake yA ho sake, etadartha aise sAdhakoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara devavAcaka jI ne ukta pUrva se uddhRta karake nandIsUtra kI racanA kI ho|64 ___ AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma. ne sthAnAMga, anuyogadvAra, prajJApanA, bhagavatIsUtra evaM dazAzrutaskandha Adi kitane hI AgamoM (zAstroM) ke sthaloM se nandIsUtra ke pAThoM kI samAnatA dikhAkara yaha siddha kiyA hai ki nandIsUtra zrI devavAcaka kSamAzramaNa dvArA vividha AgamoM se saMkalita racanA hai| aMgazAstroM ke AdhAra para se hI devavAcaka jI ne utkAlika Adi AgamoM ke pATha uddhata kiye haiN|65 __vastutaH nandIsUtra kI racanA ke pIche pUrvokta AdhAroM tathA uddezyoM meM se koI bhI AdhAra yA uddezya rahA ho, tathApi yaha sunizcita hai ki nandIsUtra AgamoM evaM pUrva jJAna kI AMzika kramabaddha zailI meM nirUpita maMgalamayI racanA hai| 'Agama' aura 'nandI' maMgalarUpa haiM, phira maMgalAcaraNa kyoM ? zAstra ke prArambha maMgalAcaraNa kI AvazyakatA ke viSaya meM eka jvalanta prazna upasthita hotA hai ki 'Agama' aura Agamokta jinavANI svayaM maMgalarUpa hai, tathaiva 'nandI' bhI svayaM maMgalarUpa mAnI jAtI hai| phira nandIsUtra ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke lie zAstrakAra ne arhat-stuti, mahAvIra-stuti, saMgha-stuti, tIrthaMkarAvalI, gaNadharAvalI, jinazAsana-stuti aura sthavirAvali ke mAdhyama se guNAnuvAda aura vandana ke rUpa meM bahuta hI vistAra se maMgalAcaraNa kyoM kiyA hai ? itane vistRta rUpa meM svataH maMgala kA punaH punaH maMgalAcaraNa karane ke pIche zAstrakAra kA kyA hetu rahA hai? / yaha satya hai ki Agama aura Agamokta jinavANI tathA nandI evaM nandIsUtra prarUpita jJAna svayaM maMgalarUpa hai, phira bhI sabake zubha uddezya bhinna-bhinna hote haiN|

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 291 * unakI pUrti nirvighnatApUrvaka ho tathA vighnoM kA upazamana ho, zAstra-racanA ke . Adi, madhya aura anta meM kisI prakAra kA vighna na ho, isa kAraNa bhI pRthakpRthak uddezya se maMgalAcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaise ki tapazcaryA svayaM mAMgalika hai, phira bhI use grahaNa karane se pUrva guru vandana-namaskArapUrvaka usake lie AjJA, AzIrvAda, svIkRti Adi tapazcaryA kI pUrNAhuti meM kAraNa hone se maMgalamaya mAne jAte haiN| usI prakAra Agama svayaM maMgalarUpa hai tathA samyak jJAna meM pravRtti-preraka hone se AnandapradAyaka bhI hai, tathApi Agama kA adhyayana, adhyApana, racanA evaM saMkalana-sampAdana karane se athavA AgamoM kI TIkA, vyAkhyA, niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, anuvAda Adi karane se yA navIna sAhitya sRjana karane se pUrva adhyetA, adhyApanakartA, racayitA, sampAdaka, saMkalayitA Adi kA parama karttavya ho jAtA hai ki AgamoM tathA jinavANI ke pramukha srota tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM tathA jJAna ke sarvocca zikhara zAsanadeva mahAvIra prabhu tathA jinavANI ko sUtrabaddha karane vAle gaNadharoM, jinavANI tathA jinendra dvArA prarUpita jJAna kI paramparA ko surakSita evaM sthira rakhane vAle ratnatraya ke parama sAdhaka tathA bahuzruta pUjya sthaviroM evaM upakArI mahAzramaNoM ko vandana-namaskAra evaM unakA guNagAna-bahumAna kareM, joki maMgalakAraka haiM, vighna-samUha ko zAnta karane vAle haiN|66 maMgalAcaraNa kyoM Avazyaka hai ? maMgalAcaraNa ke viSaya meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa 'vizeSAvazyaka bhASya' meM apane vicAra vyakta karate haiM-zreyaskara (zreSTha) kArya aneka vighnoM se vyApta hone se kArya ko sakuzala pUrNa nahIM hone dete| ataeva maMgalopacAra karake hI usa kArya ko prArambha karanA caahie| jisa prakAra mahAnidhi kA utkhanana maMgalopacAra karake hI kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra mahAvidyA bhI maMgalopacAra karake hI prArambha kI jAtI hai| kyoMki mahAnidhi ke samAna mahAvidyA bhI aneka vighnoM se yukta hotI hai| ataH maMgalAcaraNa karane se mahAvidyA meM Ane vAle sabhI vighna-samUha zAnta ho jAte haiN| ataH "zAstra (sRjana, adhyayana-adhyApana, lekhana yA zubha kArya) ke Adi meM, madhya meM aura anta meM" maMgalAcaraNa karanA cAhie, tAki vighna-samUha svayaM upazAnta ho jaae| zAstra ke Adi meM kiyA gayA maMgala nirvighnatA se pAragamanArtha sahayogI hotA hai| usakI sthiratA ke lie madhya maMgala sahayoga detA hai aura antima maMgala ziSya-praziSyoM meM maMgalAcaraNa kI paramparA avicchinna (cAlU) rakhane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai|'67

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* 292 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana pratyeka zubha kArya meM aneka vighna-bAdhAoM kA AnA svAbhAvika hai| isI kAraNa anubhavI racanAkAroM aura AcAryoM ne apanI racanA karane se pUrva maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai, kyoMki maMgala hI amaMgala ko vinaSTa kara sakatA hai| maMgalAcaraNa se laukika aura lokottara lAbha ataH maMgalAcaraNa laukika aura pAralaukika athavA lokottara dRSTi se bhI lAbhadAyaka hai| maMgalAcaraNa se vighna-samUha svayaM upazAnta ho jAtA hai| vighnoM ke abhAva meM saphalatA nizcita hai| yadi pragatibAdhaka vighna pahale se hI zAnta haiM to maMgalAcaraNa yA to AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sakAma karmanirjarA kA kAraNa banatA hai yA phira puNyAnubandhI puNya kA kAraNa bhI ho sakatA hai| "uttarAdhyayanasUtra' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne batAyA hai ki "stava stutirUpa maMgala se (maMgalAcaraNa se) jIva ko jJAna, darzana, cAritrarUpa bodhi kI prApti (lAbha) karatA hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritrarUpa bodhi-lAbha-sampanna jIva yA to antaHkriyA (svayaM ko sarvakarmoM ke antarUpa mukti) kA upArjana karatA hai yA phira kalpopapanna yA navagraiveyaka aura pA~ca anuttara vimAna meM utpanna hotA hai|" tAtparya yaha hai ki arihanta aura siddha bhagavAna kI stutirUpa maMgalAcaraNa pATha karane se ratnatraya bodhi-lAbha-sampanna jisa jIva ke samasta ghAtikarmoM kA kSaya ho gayA ho, use mokSa prApta hotA hai aura jisake kucha karma bAkI raha gae hoM vaha AtmA sarvottama kalpopapanna evaM kalpAtIta devalokoM meM utpanna hotA hai, vahA~ se cyavakara uttama mAnava bhava prApta karake anta meM mokSa prApta karatA hai|58 maMgalAcaraNa se ATha pramukha lAbha ___ AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma. ne nandIsUtra-prastAvanA meM maMgalAcaraNa se ATha lAbha batAe haiM-(1) vighnopazamana, (2) zraddhA, (3) Adara, (4) upayoga, (5) nirjarA, (6) adhigama, (7) bhakti, aura (8) prbhaavnaa|| (1) jaise sUrya ke prakAza se sArA andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai vaise hI maMgalAcaraNa se tamAma vighnoM kA vilaya ho jAtA hai, kaNTakAkIrNa mArga niSkaMTaka ho jAtA hai| sabhI vighna upazAnta ho jAte haiN| (2) maMgalAcaraNa karane se iSTadeva ke prati zraddhA dRr3ha hotI hai| zraddhA se jJAna prApta hotA hai| zraddhA Atmonnati kA mUla maMtra hai| (3) maMgalAcaraNa karane se iSTadeva aura paMcaparameSThI bhagavantoM tathA lakSya ke prati Adara-bahumAna bar3hatA hai jisase unakI avinaya AzAtanA, avajJA hone kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| (4) iSTadevoM ke viziSTa guNoM

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nandI sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 293 ------------ kI stuti ke rUpa meM maMgalAcaraNa karane se unake una guNoM kI upalabdhi apanI AtmA meM karane kI preraNA milatI hai / apanA upayoga vizuddha va svaccha ho jAtA hai, AtmA meM paramAtma bhAva jhalakane lagatA hai| (5) maMgalAcaraNa se azubha karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai / (6) maMgalAcaraNa karane se pramANoM aura nayoM se samyak jJAna evaM samyak darzana kI upalabdhi hotI hai| samyak jJAna, darzana, prApti kA viziSTa nimitta adhigama hai| (7) maMgalAcaraNa se iSTadeva ke prati tanmaya hokara unakI ananya bhakti meM lIna hokara vyakti sarvasva samarpaNa kara detA hai| (8) maMgalAcaraNa se dUsare mumukSu yA jijJAsu anyArthI bhI prabhAvita hote haiM, vyakta evaM avyakta rUpa se paramparAe~ ukta mArga kI prazasta prabhAvanA bhI hotI hai / 69 nandIsUtra meM maMgalAcaraNa se devavAcaka jI ko lAbha ataH nandIsUtra ke Adi meM vibhinna stutiyoM ke rUpa meM jo maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai, usase devavAcaka jI ko to mahAn lAbha huA hI hai, kintu isake paThana - zravaNa se dUsaroM ko bhI lAbha hotA hai, kyoMki aisA lokottara maMgalAcaraNa bhI sva-para- prakAzaka hotA hai / arihantoM aura siddhoM ke asAdhAraNa guNoM kI stuti se unake upakAroM ke prati kRtajJatA pragaTa karane ke atirikta unake guNoM ko apane jIvana meM upalabdha karane kI bhI preraNA milatI hai| sAtha hI devavAcakagaNI ne zrutadhara AcAryoM, sthaviroM tathA jinazAsana evaM zrIsaMgha ke prati AtmArthI janamAnasa meM zraddhA-bhakti bar3hAI hai| bhagavAna dvArA sthApita caturvidha saMgha bhI bhagavad rUpa hai, usakI vinaya-bhakti karanA bhagavad-bhakti hai / usakA apamAna, avajJA yA AzAtanA karanA bhagavAna kA apamAna, avajJA yA AzAtanA hai| maMgalAcaraNa karane ke bAda kArya meM saphalatA milane para apane meM ahaMkAra na A jAe tathA bhagavad-bhakti, saMgha- bhakti, sthavira - bhaktirUpa maMgalAcaraNa ko saphalatA kA zreya mile, isake lie bhI maMgalAcaraNa lAbhadAyaka hai / ataH niHsvArthabhAva se, zuddha rUpa meM maMgalAcaraNa ke dvArA vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kaSAyAdi vyutsarga ityAdi Abhyantara tapa kA bhI lAbha anAyAsa hI prApta huA hai, devavAcaka jI se, dUsaroM ko bhI hotA hai| nandIsUtra ke viSayoM kA vargIkaraNa nandIsUtra meM sarvaprathama 50 zlokoM meM maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai jisameM do zlokoM meM kramazaH sAmAnya rUpa ko aura zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt caturvidha saMgha kI 17 zlokoM meM, caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM

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* 294 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana kI 2 zlokoM meM, gyAraha gaNadharoM kI 2 zlokoM meM tathA vIrazAsana kI 1 zloka meM stuti kI gaI hai| tadanantara 26 zlokoM meM sudharmA svAmI se lekara yugapradhAna dUSyagaNI taka ko tathA unake atirikta anyAnya anuyogadhara, zrutadhara evaM yugadraSTA sthavira muniyoM ko unakI vizeSatAe~ batAte hue praNAma kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama arhat-stuti aura mahAvIra-stuti kyoM ? maMgalAcaraNa meM zAsaneza arihanta bhagavAna tathA kevalajJAnI paramAtmA kI stuti AcArya devavAcaka jI ne kI hai| isake pIche unakA Azaya yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jisa prakAra samyak jJAna kI pUrNa jyoti pAkara ve jagat ke sarva jIvoM ke utpatti sthAna (yoni) vijJAtA, jagat ke guru (mArgadarzaka), jagat ke lie AnandadAyaka, jagat ke nAtha, jagad-bandhu vizvavatsala jagat ke pitAmaha bane; isI prakAra hama bhI samyak jJAna ke sarvocca zikhara para pahu~cakara vItarAgatA ko upalabdha kareM aura vizvavatsala bneN| tatpazcAt samagra zrutajJAna ke mUla srota, vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke antima caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara, tIna loka ke guru (vizvaguru), mahAn AtmA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jaya ho, aisI maMgala bhAvanAtmaka cAra vizeSaNoM se yukta stuti bhI usa mahAprabhu ke prati kRtajJatA pragaTa karane ke lie Avazyaka thii| tIsarI gAthA meM bhI samagra vizva meM samyak jJAna kA udyota karane vAle, rAga-dveSarUpa ripuoM ke vijetA, devoM aura dAnavoM dvArA vandanIya tathA karmarUpI raja ko jhAr3a dene vAle (karmoM se mukta) prabhu mahAvIra bhadrarUpa kalyANarUpa hoN| isa prakAra cAra vizeSaNa bhagavAna ke jJAnAtizaya, apAyApagamAtizaya tathA pUjAtizaya aura pUrva gAthA meM ukta vizeSaNa vAgatirAya; yoM cAra atizaya kalyANaprada hoN| isa prakAra kI stuti karake zAstrakAra ne dhvanita kara diyA hai ki yadi ye cAroM hI vizeSaNa jIvana meM ghaTita ho jAe~ to bhaktajanoM ke dvArA kI gaI yathArtha stuti kalyANaprada ho sakatI hai|70 AgamoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra pUrvokta tIna gAthAoM meM jo vizeSaNa vItarAga zAsaneza arihanta tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra prabhu ke lie prayukta kiye gae haiM, una vizeSatAoM ko bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA anya vItarAga arihanta kevala janma lene mAtra se yA kisI bhagavAna, paramAtmA yA vItarAga kI kRpA se varadAna ke rUpa meM prApta nahIM kara

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 295 * -.-.--.-.-...... -.-.-.-. pAte, kintu sarvakarmamuktirUpa mokSa prApta karane tathA AtmA para Aye hue kaSAyoM tathA rAga, dveSa, moha Adi vikAroM ko naSTa karane hetu svayaM samyak darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa kI sAdhanA meM puruSArtha karake hI uparyukta vizeSaNoM ke yogya, vizvavandya vItarAga bane haiN| AgamoM meM sabase prAcIna AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha hai| usake 9veM adhyayana upadhAnazruta meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI samyak darzanAdi catuSTaya kI sAdhanA-ArAdhanA meM apramatta hokara (zrama) puruSArtha karane zramaNa-jIvana kA hRdayasparzI Adarza prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyayana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zarIra aura zarIra se sambandhita para-bhAvoM aura vibhAvoM se dUra rahakara, dehAdhyAsa se Upara uThakara kaThora sAdhanA aura titikSA kA romAMcakArI varNana hai|71 / prastuta adhyayana ke cAra uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zramaNocita kaThora caryA kA, dvitIya uddezaka meM zayyA vasati kA, tRtIya uddezaka meM parISahoM aura upasargoM ke samaya bhagavAna kI titikSA aura sahiSNutA kA tathA caturtha uddezaka meM AtaMka, roga Adi ke daurAna bhAvacikitsA kI sAMgopAMga sAdhanA kA varNana hai| isake atirikta unake janma, janma-sthAna, bAlyakAla, yuvAkAla, parivAra Adi pUrva jIvana kA kiMcinmAtra bhI ullekha nahIM hai| yaha zrutaskandha gaNadhararacita hai| AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha caturdaza pUrvadhara sthavira dvArA racita hai| isameM tIsare adhyayana 'bhAvanA' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cyavana, janma, vivAha, dIkSA-grahaNa evaM sAdhanAkAla ke daurAna AI huI vighna-bAdhAoM kA evaM tatpazcAt tIrthaMkara banane kA sAmAnya paricaya diyA gayA hai|72 dazAzrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyayana meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana-vRtta kA vistRta varNana upalabdha hotA hai| vastutaH AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambandhita jo rekhAe~ khIMcI gaI thIM, unameM raMga bharane kA kArya ukta sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI aMgasUtroM meM sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti), jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaraupapAtika evaM vipAkasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM, unake ahiMsA, anekAnta evaM aparigraha kI vicAradhArA kA yatra-tatra carcA, gautama-mahAvIra saMvAda evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana meM dIkSita sAdhu-sAdhviyoM

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* 296 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana tathA gRhastha zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI jIvana-sAdhanA kA mahattvapUrNa varNana upalabdha hotA hai| upAMgasUtroM meM mukhyatayA aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, nirayAvalikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA Adi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana ke vibhinna prasaMga, saMvAda, praznottara tathA unake caraNoM meM dIkSita hone vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA tathA usa yuga ke tApasoM evaM unake vibhinna niyama-paramparAoM evaM tapoM kI sundara jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mahattvapUrNa apRSTa-vyAkaraNArUpa upadezoM kA mahAsAgara hai| isameM jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa kI sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM vividha pahaluoM se pradatta bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza haiN| tathaiva aitihAsika kezI gautamIya saMvAda, apramAda sAdhanA, indriya manonigraha sAdhanA evaM samyaktva parAkrama nAma se vividha AdhyAtmika sAdhanAoM ke sambandha meM eka se eka bar3hakara utkRSTa adhyayana haiN|73 paravartI sAhitya-granthoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana gAthA ke vikAsa kA dvitIya caraNa niyuktisAhitya meM milatA hai| sarvaprathama Avazyakaniyukti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 27 pUrvabhavoM kA varNana, upasargoM kI vividha ghaTanAe~, gaNadharoM kI zaMkAe~ aura unakA bhagavAna dvArA samAdhAna Adi ullekha milate haiM, jinakA ullekha AcArAMga evaM kalpasUtra meM bhI nahIM miltaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gyAraha gaNadharoM kI pArasparika vicAra-carcA ke jo bIja niyukti meM the, ve hI bhASya meM virATa rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiN| AvazyakacUrNi meM pUrvokta vyAkhyA-granthoM kI apekSA adhika vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| zailI kA pariSkAra tathA sAhityika chaTA bhI nikharI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana-vRtta ke vikAsa kA tRtIya caraNa prAkRta kAvya-sAhitya meM dekhA jA sakatA hai jisameM cauppana mahApurisacariyaM, mahAvIracariyaM (padyabaddha), mahAvIracariyaM (gadya-padyamaya), tilloyapaNNatti Adi grantha pramukha haiN| saMskRta-sAhitya meM sarvaprathama trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sabhI mukhya prasaMgoM kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai| yaha grantha jaina paramparA kA mahAbhArata kahA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta laghu trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra, trizaSTi smRtizAstra, mahApurANa caritra, purANasAra-saMgraha,

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 297 caturviMzati jinacarita, vIrodaya kAvya, uttarapurANa, vardhamAnacaritam Adi aneka grantha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI Adarza jIvana-gAthA se paripUrNa haiM / inake atirikta rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, hindI, aMgrejI, marAThI, baMgalA Adi dezI-videzI sabhI bhASAoM meM prAjJa vidvAnoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kathAsUtra dhIre-dhIre vikasita pallavita - puSpita hotA huA Aja pUrNa yauvanAvasthA meM vaTaTa-vRkSa ke samAna upalabdha hotA hai| nandI sUtra ke racayitA AcArya devavAcaka jI ne bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha guNoM ko gumphita karate hue atIva lalita padoM meM stuti kI hai, jo sUtra ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM aMkita hai / 74 caturvidha saMgha-stuti bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti ke pazcAt AcAryazrI ne cAturvarNya (caturvidha) zramaNa saMgha kI stuti atyanta bhAvapUrNa hRdayasparzI gAthAoM dvArA kI hai / caturvidha saMgha meM sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA; ye cAroM haiN| ise bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isalie sthApita kiyA hai, tAki cAroM ghaTaka milakara, paraspara sahayoga se mokSa kI - sarvakarmamuktirUpa mokSa kI sAdhanA niHzaMka, niHzalya aura nirAbAdha rUpa se kara skeN| saMgha se alaga-thalaga rahakara sAdhu varga yA zrAvaka varga kA koI bhI vyakti isa yuga meM apanI sAdhanA meM sAvadhAnI, jAgRti, satarkatA, viveka, yatanApUrvaka pravRtti, kSamA, mArdava, Arjava Adi dharmoM kA abhyAsa sucArU rUpa se nahIM kara sktaa| agara koI sAdhaka jJAnAdi paMcAcAra se bhraSTa ho rahA ho, jJAnAdi catuSTaya meM virAdhaka bana rahA ho, taba saMgha va zruta hone para kauna use sAvadhAna karegA, kauna use bhaTakate hue ko dharma meM sthira karegA / yahI kAraNa hai dharmAcaraNa karane vAlA sAdhaka varga ke lie saMgha kA Azraya anivArya batAyA hai| ataeva dharmasaMgha kA mahAn upakAra hai| gaNa, kula evaM saMgha kI vaiyAvRtya karane se, sAdharmika tathA rogI, glAna, tapasvI navadIkSita Adi dharmasaMgha ke sadasyoM kI niHsvArtha bhAva se zraddhA-bhaktipUrvaka vaiyAvRtya karane se mahAnirjarA tathA mahAparyavasAna (sarvakarmakSayarUpa mokSa) rUpa phala prApta hotA hai / isa dRSTi se saMgha ke prati upakRta bhAva se prerita hokara AcArya devavAcaka jI ne saMgha kI stuti vividha upamAoM se vibhUSita karate hue kI hai| zAstrakAra ne saMgha (dharmasaMgha) ko kramazaH nagara, cakra, ratha, padma, candra, sUrya, samudra evaM mahAmaMdara girirAja kI tathA prakArAntara saMghameru kI bhI bhAvanApUrvaka stuti kI hai / anta

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* 298 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana meM, anantAnanta guNoM ke Agara saMgha ko zraddhA-bhaktipUrvaka natamastaka hokara vandana kiyA hai| ____ saMgha ko nagara se upamita karake zAstrakAra kahate haiM- "jisa prakAra parakoTe se surakSita nagara apane nagara-nivAsiyoM ko surakSA pradAna karatA hai; usI prakAra saMgharUpI nagara apane dharma-sAdhanAparAyaNa sAdhaka varga kI jJAnAdi paMcAcArapAlana meM skhalanAoM se bacAtA hai, dUra rakhatA hai|" jisa prakAra cakra zatruoM kA uccheda karatA hai, usI prakAra saMgha cakra bhI saMyama-sAdhanA meM bAdhaka rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada, matsara, abhimAna, mAyA Adi bhAvazatruoM kA uccheda kara apane alaukika guNoM se sAdhaka varga ko sampanna karatA hai| jisakI aThAraha hajAra zIlAMgarUpa patAkAe~ phaharA rahI haiM, jisameM niyama, saMyama aura tapa ke azva jute hue haiM, jisakA paMcAMgayukta svAdhyAyarUpI sumadhura nandI (maMgala) ghoSa hai, aisA bhagavAna kA saMgharUpa ratha kalyANakArI ho| __isI prakAra yaha dharmasaMgha padma ke samAna viSaya-vAsanAoM se alipta rahatA hai| vaha dharmasaMgha ke samasta sAdhu-sAdhviyoM tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko rAgAdi vikAroM evaM durguNoM se alipta rakhatA hai| saMgha samasta sAdhu varga-zrAvaka varga ko candramA ke samAna zAnti aura zItalatA pradAna karatA hai| tathaiva saMghasUrya ke samAna jagat meM samyak jJAna kA tejomaya prakAza pradAna karane vAle saMghasUrya kA kalyANa ho| isI prakAra zrIsaMgha samudra ke samAna gambhIra saMyama kI maryAdA meM rahane vAlA guNarUpI ratnoM se paripUrNa evaM mokSa kI ora agrasara rahane vAle saMghasamudra kA kalyANa ho| sumeruparvata ke tulya saddharmamaMDita, samyak darzana kI pavitra vajrapIThikA se yukta evaM vizuddha samyak cAritra kI surabhigandha se ApUrNa hai| aise ananta-ananta guNoM kI khAna saMgha ko maiM vandana karatA huuN|75 vibhinna jaina granthoM meM saMgha kA mahattva digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAoM ke AgamoM aura granthoM meM saMgha ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' meM kahA gayA hai-"saMgha guNoM kA saMghAta (samUha) hai aura karmoM kA vimocaka hai| darzana, jJAna aura cAritra; ina tInoM ke saMghAta (sammilita avasthA) ko jo prApta hai, vaha saMgha hai|'76

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 299 . ____ 'sarvArthasiddhi' aura 'tattvArtha rAjavArtika' meM bhI ratnatraya se yukta zramaNoM ke samudAya ko saMgha kahA hai| 'pravacanasAra' tAtparyavRtti meM "muni, AryikA tathA zrAvaka aura zrAvikA, ina cAroM ko zramaNa saMgha ke cAra aMga batAye haiN| yaha cAturvarNya saMgha cAroM gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa kA nAzaka (miTAne vAlA) hai| bhayabhIta janoM ko abhaya dene vAlA hai| vaha (dharmasaMgha) nizchala vyavahAra ke kAraNa paraspara vizvAsabhUta hai; samatA ke kAraNa zItagRha-tulya hai; aviSamadarzI hone ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA-tulya hai tathA samasta prANiyoM ke lie zaraNabhUta hai| ataH jaise navaprasUtA gAya apane bachar3e para vAtsalyabhAva rakhatI hai, usI prakAra (dharma) saMgha ke prati (sabako) vAtsalyabhAva rakhanA caahie|"77 ___ 'vyavahAra bhASya' ke anusAra-"vastutaH AcAra, vicAra aura vyavahAra kI nirmalatA saMgha meM rahakara hI raha sakatI hai| ataH dharma kA nirAbAdha-nirvighna pAlana karane evaM Atma-kalyANa karane ke lie saMgha meM rahanA anivArya hai|'78 'bRhatkalpa bhASya' meM saMghasthita (saMghabaddha) zramaNa ko jJAna kA adhikArI batAyA gayA hai| vahI (saMghasthita hI) darzana aura cAritra meM vizeSa rUpa se sthira hotA hai| sAMsArikatA ke madhya ekalavihArayukta jIvana meM vizuddhatApUrvaka dharma kA pAlana honA atyanta kaThina hai|'79 zrIsaMgha ke prati zraddhA-bhakti evaM vinaya karane se bhagavadAjJA kA pAlana hotA hai| zrIsaMgha kI AzAtanA bhagavAna kI AzAtanA hai aura zrIsaMgha kI sevA-bhakti karanA bhagavAna kI sevA-bhakti karanA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki nandIsUtra meM saMgha kI, stuti karate hue 'bhagavao saMgha-samuddassa sahassa80 kahakara saMgha ko 'bhagavAna' taka kaha diyA hai| caturviMzati jina (tIrthaMkara)-stuti ___ pandraha gAthAoM dvArA saMgha (cAturvarNya zramaNasaMgha) kI stuti evaM vandanA karane ke pazcAt AcAryazrI ne do gAthAoM dvArA 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA nAmotkIrtana kiyA hai| tIrthaMkara pada vizva meM sarvotkRSTa pada mAnA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara-deva rAga-dveSa vijetA vItarAga evaM dharmatIrtha ke mahAn pravartaka hote haiN| ve jJAna, darzana, cAritra evaM taparUpa bhAvatIrtha kI tathA sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikArUpI ratnatrayarUpa dharmamArga para calane vAle caturvidha dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiN| isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve kisI paMtha yA sampradAya kI buniyAda DAlate haiM, varan ve jJAna,

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* 300 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana darzana, cAritra, taparUpa mokSamArga kI athavA ratnatrayarUpa dharmamArga kI prarUpaNA karate haiN| purAne karmoM kA kSaya aura naye Ate hue karmoM kA nirodha karane kA nirjarA evaM saMvara kA upAya aura vidhi batAte haiN| saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate hue jijJAsu, AtmArthI bhavya jIvoM ko karma evaM janma-maraNAdi rUpa saMsAra ke duHkhoM se chUTane ke lie mArgadarzana karate haiN| ve tInoM lokoM ke pUjya, vizvavandya evaM jagadguru hote haiN| unake koI guru nahIM hotaa| ve apanI sAdhanA meM kisI kI sahAyatA kI apekSA na rakhate hue svayaM ke bala para sAdhya ko prApta karate haiM; ve svayaMbuddha, svayaM sva-mArgadarzaka hote haiN| gRhastha paryAya meM hI ve mati, zruta evaM parama vipula apratipAtI avadhijJAna (jJAnatraya) ke dhAraka hote haiN| dIkSA aMgIkAra karate hI ve cauthe vipUlapati manaHparyavajJAna se sampanna ho jAte haiN| chadmasthakAla meM ve mauna yA atyalpabhASI rahate haiM aura prAyaH khar3e rahakara kAyotsarga Adi vividha tapaHsAdhanAe~ karate haiN| cAra ghAtikarmoM (jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya) kA sarvathA kSaya karake ve kevalajJAna, kevaladarzanarUpa anantalakSmI ke svAmI banate haiN| isake sAtha hI ve jJAnAtizaya (kevalajJAna-sarvajJatA), apAyApagamAtizaya (cauMtIsa atizaya), vacanAtizaya (vANI ke paiMtIsa atizaya) tathA pUjAtizaya (aSTamahAprAtihArya tathA deva, danuja, manuja, tiryaMcoM dvArA pUjyavandya) se yukta ho jAte haiN| kevalajJAnI hone ke bAda unakI prathama dharmadezanA (dharmopadeza) se hI hajAroM nara-nArI pratibuddha hokara zramaNadharma yA zrAvakadharma (anagAradharma yA AgAradharma) aMgIkAra kara lete haiN| isa prakAra dharmamArga (mokSamArga) para calane vAle nara-nAriyoM ke samUha ko saMghabaddha karake ve sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikArUpa caturvidha dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiN| isI kAraNa unheM tIrthaMkara kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM arihanta, jina, jinendra, arhanta Adi bhI kahate haiN|81 pratyeka utsarpiNI (utthAna) kAla aura avasarpiNI (hrAsa) kAla meM caubIsa-caubIsa tIrthaMkara hote haiN| yaha sRSTi kA prAkRtika sArvabhauma niyama hai| bharata kSetra aura airAvarta kSetra kI apekSA se yaha kathana hai| mahAvideha kSetra meM to jaghanya 20 tIrthaMkara evaM utkRSTataH 160 yA 170 tIrthaMkara eka sAtha pRthakpRthak 'vijaya' meM ho sakate haiN| bharata aura airAvarta kSetra ke tRtIya Are ke anta se lekara sampUrNa cauthe Are taka eka ke bAda kramazaH 24 tIrthaMkara hote haiN| bharata kSetra meM vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke tRtIya Are ke anta meM prathama tIrthaMkara (AdinAtha) RSabhadeva hue| tatpazcAt caturtha Are meM zeSa 23

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 301 * tIrthaMkara-ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, sumati, padmaprabha, supArzva, candraprabha, suvidhi, zItala, zreyAMsa, vAsupUjya, vimala, ananta, dharma, zAnti, kunthu, ara, mallI, munisuvrata, nami, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra (vardhamAna) hue haiN| prastuta caturviMzati-nAma-utkIrtana meM padmaprabha jI kA apara nAma 'suprabha', candraprabha kA zazI, suvidhinAtha jI kA puSpadanta evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 'varddhamAna' nAma se ullekha karake stutikAra ne una tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM ko bhAvapUrvaka vandana kiyA hai| gaNadharAvalI guNa-smaraNa caturviMzati tIrthaMkara-stuti ke pazcAt sUtrakAra ne do gAthAoM meM 11 gaNadharoM-indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, zrIvyakta, zrIsudharmA, maNDitaputra, mauryaputra, akampita, acalabhrAtA, maitArya aura zrIprabhAsa-kA bhAvapUrvaka (guNa-) smaraNa kiyA hai| jaina paramparA aura itihAsa meM 'gaNadhara' zabda utanA hI prAcIna evaM mahattvapUrNa hai, jitanA tIrthaMkara pd| tIrthaMkara tIrtha arthAt sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikArUpa caturvidha dharmatIrtha (zramaNasaMgha) kI sthApanA karate haiM tathA zrutarUpa Agama ke puraskartA-artharUpa se Agama ke pratipAdaka hote haiN| 'gaNadhara' usa caturvidha dharmasaMgha kI vyavasthA, maryAdA, samAcArI (AcAra-saMhitA) ke niyojaka, vyavasthApaka aura tIrthaMkaroM kI artharUpa se ukta vANI ko sUtrarUpa meM grathita (racita evaM saMkalita) karate haiN| AcArya malladhArI hemacandra ke anusAra-"anuttara jJAna-darzanAdi guNoM ke (yA guNoM se yukta) gaNa ko dhAraNa karane vAle munivara gaNadhara kahalAte haiN|" gaNadhara bhavya, samyak dRSTi evaM caramazarIrI jIva hote haiN| samasta tIrthaMkaroM ke gaNadharoM kI saMkhyA eka-sI nahIM, pRthak-pRthak hotI hai| jaise-bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 9 gaNa aura 11 gaNadhara the| kintu samavAyAMgasUtra meM 11 gaNa aura 11 gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki eka hI prakAra kI vAcanA lene vAle sAdhu-samudAya 9 bhAgoM meM vibhakta hoMge aura pratyeka gaNadhara ke adhIna pRthakapRthak sAdhu-samudAyoM kI apekSA se 11 gaNadharoM ke 11 gaNa ginAye hoNge| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha ke vyavasthApaka, samAcArI niyojaka evaM sUtraraciyatA82 11 gaNadhara the, jinakA gaNadharAvali meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai; unakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai

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* 302 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama kA garimApUrNa vyaktittva ___ indrabhUti gautama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pradhAna paTTaziSya the| unakI janma-bhUmi magadha deza kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha ke nikaTa 'gobaragrAma' thI; jo Aja paNDitapura ke nAma se prasiddha hai, Aja vaha nAlandA kA hI eka vibhAga mAnA jAtA hai| indrabhUti ke pitA kA nAma 'vasubhUti' aura mAtA kA nAma 'pRthvI' thaa| unakA gotra 'gautama' thaa|83 'gautama' kA vyutpattijanya artha karate hue jainAcAryoM ne likhA hai-buddhiyoM (caturvidha buddhiyoM) ke dvArA jisakA tama (ajJAnAndhakAra) dhvasta = naSTa ho gayA hai, vaha gautm|84 yoM to 'gautama' zabda kula aura vaMza kA bhI vAcaka rahA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM sAta prakAra ke 'gautama' batAye gae haiN|85 vaidika vAGmaya meM gautama nAma kula se bhI sambaddha rahA hai aura RSiyoM se bhii| Rgveda meM gautama ke nAma se aneka sakta milate haiN| vaise gautama nAma ke aneka RSi bhI ho cuke haiN| aruNa uddAlaka, AruNi Adi RSiyoM kA bhI paitRka nAma 'gautama' thaa|86 yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki indrabhUti gautama kA vAstavika gotra kyA thA? ve kisa RSi ke vaMza se sambaddha the? kintu itanA to spaSTa hai ki gautama gotra ke mahAn gaurava ke anurUpa hI unakA vyaktittva virAT evaM prabhAvazAlI thaa| unakA bAhya aura Antarika donoM prakAra kA vyaktittva virATa aura udAra thaa| unake zarIra kI U~cAI 7 hAtha thI; AkRti samacaturasra-saMsthAna se yukta thI, unakA saMhanana vajraRSabhanArAca thaa| unakA varNa tape tapAe hue kundana-sA yA padmakamala-sA gaura thaa| unakI bhavya aura sundara AkRti ko dekhakara manuSya to kyA, deva bhI unase mohita, prabhAvita aura AkarSita ho jAte the| unakI vidvattA aura aneka zAstroM meM vijayopalabdhi, pAraMgatatA evaM samanvaya kArya meM siddhahastatA ke phalasvarUpa vidvat samAja ne unako aneka upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta kiyA thaa| kalpasUtra kI subodhAvRtti meM aisI 32 upAdhiyoM kA nAmollekha milatA hai|87 bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vaizAkha sudI 10 ke dina kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana (sarvajJatva) kI prApti huI thii| usa samaya madhyama apApA (pAvApurI) nagarI meM somila brAhmaNa mahAyajJa kara rahA thaa| usa yajJAnuSThAna kI saphalatA ke hetu unnata vizAla kulotpanna vedavijJa indrabhUti gautama Adi 11 vidvAn vahA~ Aye hue the| unake sAtha 4,400 ziSyoM kA parivAra thaa| una sabakA garva AsamAna ko chU

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 303 rahA thaa| samagra jJAnasindhu para ve apanA ekAdhipatya mAnane lage the| samAjazAstra, rAjanItizAstra, jyotiSazAstra, nyAyazAstra, zabdazAstra (vyAkaraNa), chanda, dharma, vijJAna Adi kisI bhI viSaya meM unase zAstrArtha meM jItane yA lohA lene vAlA koI bhI vyakti unakI dRSTi meM nahIM thA / usI nagara ke bAhara 'mahAsena' udyAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA padArpaNa huA / devaracita samavasaraNa (dharmapariSad) kI ora umar3atI bahusaMkhyaka janatA ko dekhakara sarvaprathama indrabhUti bAraha viziSTa cihna dhAraNa kara apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha ahaMkAra aura krodhAveza meM Akara pratidvandvI ke rUpa meM bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa meM phuNce| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne unake antarmAnasa meM uThate hue saMdeha kI ora saMketa karate hue kahA- "he indrabhUti gautama ! tumhAre mana meM AtmA ke astittva ke sambandha meM sandeha hai|" phira bhagavAna ne aneka tarkoM, yuktiyoM aura pramANoM dvArA indrabhUti ke AtmA ke astittva viSayaka sandeha ko dUra kiyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra se apanI gupta zaMkAoM kA rahasyodghATana evaM santoSajanaka samAdhAna pAkara indrabhUti kA abhimAna vigalita ho gyaa| ve bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM phaloM se ladI huI zAkhA kI bhA~ti apane sabhI ziSyoM sahita jhuka gae; satya ko tatkAla svIkAra karake ve prabhu mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM saziSya sarvatobhAvena samarpita hokara zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho ge| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA yaha prathama dIkSA saMskAra vIra nirvANa pUrva 30 ( tadanusAra vi. pU. 500) vaizAkha zuklA 11 ko sampanna huaa| caturvidha saMgha sthApanA kA yaha prathama caraNa thA / digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA gaNadharoM ke sAtha samAgama kaivalya ke 66 dina pazcAt rAjagRha meM huA thA, aisA ullekha hai| tIrtha - pravarttana kI tithi bhI zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA mAnI gaI hai | 88 indrabhUti gautama ne 50 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA grahaNa kI / 30 varSa taka ve chadmastha rhe| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama pUrva 470 meM huaa| usa samaya gaNadhara indrabhUti anyatra prabodha dene gaye the / nirvANa kI sUcanA pAte hI ve moha vihvala ho ge| unakA hRdaya anutApa se bhara gayA / zanaiH-zanaiH dRSTi antarmukhI huI | jAgRti ke una kSaNoM meM moha kI durbhedya dIvAra TUTI aura kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana kI lau pradIpta ho gaI / tadanantara 12 varSa taka ve jIvanmukta kevalIparyAya meM vicare / anta meM guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazana karake vIra nirvANa

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* 304 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 12 ( vikrama pUrva 488 ) meM 92 veM varSa kI Ayu meM ve siddha-buddha-mukta hokara nirvANa ko prApta hue| gaNadhara indrabhUti ke vyaktittva kI vizeSatAe~ indrabhUti gautama ke vyaktittva ko zabdoM kI sImita paridhi meM nahIM bA~dhA jA sktaa| unakA vyaktittva virAT aura vizAla thA / unake jIvana ko ujAgara karane vAle nimnokta bindu draSTavya haiM (1) ve nirantara bele - bele kI tapasyA karate the / (2) unakI dinacaryA nizcita thii| prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna, tRtIya prahara meM dina ko bhikSA / AhAra evaM rAtri ko nidrA tathA caturtha prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya / 90 (3) caudaha hajAra zramaNa-parivAra ke pramukha hote hue bhI tathA 500 ziSya haradama unake caraNoM meM pratikSaNa karabaddha khar3e rahate the, unake Adeza ko zirodhArya karanA tathA pAlana karanA apanA ahobhAgya samajhate the / inakI ziSyAdi sampadA itanI hote hue bhI pAraNe ke dina svayaM bhikSAcarI ko jAte the / ghara-ghara bhikSATana karate the / (4) gautama svAmI apane laghu sAdhakoM ko AhAra ke lie premapUrvaka AmaMtrita karate the / (5) caudaha hajAra zramaNoM ke arhaNIya-pUjanIya saMgha sumeru indrabhUti gautama svayaM apane hAtha se vastra - pAtrAdi kI pratilekhanA karate the / (6) ve caturdaza pUrva zAstroM ke pAThI hI nahIM, racayitA bhI the / (7) apanI bhUla kA patA lagate hI ve tatkSaNa Ananda zramaNopAsaka ke pAsa kSamAyAcanA karane gaye / 9 9 (8) unake mRdu aura AtmIya vyavahAra kA sthAyI prabhAva 78 varSa ke abodha bAlaka atimuktaka para pdd'aa| vaha bhI zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hokara muktigAmI bane / 92 (9) bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna pAne hetu calAkara Ane se pahale skandaka parivrAjaka kA ve dasa-bIsa kadama sammukha jAkara svAgata karate haiM / 93

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 305 (10) pArzvanAtha paramparA se sambandhita udaka peDhAlaputra ke avinayapUrNa tathA asaMskRta va akRtajJatA bharA vyavahAra dekhakara unhoMne use hitabuddhi se prerita hokara nirbhayatApUrvaka karttavyabodha evaM mArgadarzana diyaa| aise hitabuddhi prerita nirbhayatApUrvaka diye gae upadeza kA udaka peDhAlaputra para anukUla prabhAva pdd'aa| ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMcamahAvrata rUpa zramaNasaMgha meM sammilita ho gaye / 93 (11) gautama svAmI kI upadeza kuzalatA se eka ajJAnI kRSaka sulabhabodhi bnaa| (12) gautama svAmI jijJAsu the| vipAkasUtra meM unakI jijJAsAoM kA sundara ullekha hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM uTTaMkita 36 hajAra prazna indrabhUti gautama kI jijJAsu vRtti ke anUThe udAharaNa haiM / 94 (13) bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zramaNoM kI AcAravicAra paddhati meM vibhinnatA dekhakara gaNadhara gautama svayaM apane ziSya-samudAya ke sAtha kezIkumAra zramaNa ke nivAsa sthAna para gae aura zramaNa kezIkumAra dvArA upasthita zaMkAoM kA yuktiyukta DhaMga se sundara samAdhAna kiyA / pariNAmasvarUpa kezI zramaNa bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita ho ge| (14) bhagavatIsUtra, upAsakadazAsUtra evaM aupapAtika Adi zAstroM meM yatra-tatra unake vyaktittva kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai- " zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jyeSTha antevAsI indrabhUti anagAra ugra tapasvI, dIpta tapasvI, tapta tapasvI, ghora brahmacaryavAsI, lachimA Rddhi tathA mahAnasalabdhi se sampanna, vipula tejolezyA ko antaralIna karane vAle the| jJAna kI apekSA se ve cAra jJAna aura caturdaza pUrva ke dhAraka the tathA sarvAkSara sannipAtI - jaisI vividha labdhiyoM ke dhAraka the| bhagavAna mahAvIra se na to atidUra aura na hI atinikaTa, UrdhvajAnU aura adhosira ho ( ukaDU Asana kI mudrA meM ) baiThate the| dhyAnakoSTha meM virAjamAna hokara ve tapa aura saMyama se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vicarate the / ApakA vinaya itanI ucca koTi kA thA ki svayaM ko jaba bhI koI prazna pUchanA hotA to ve apane sthAna se tatparatApUrvaka uThakara bhagavAna ke pAsa jAte aura tIna bAra pradakSiNApUrvaka vandanA - namaskAra karate the| phira maryAdita kSetra meM prAJjalayukta hokara bhagavAna se pUchate /

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306 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana saMkSepa meM kahA jAe to ve jAisaMpatre, kulasaMpanne, balasaMpanne, viNayasaMpanne, nANasaMpatre, daMsaNasaMpanne, cArittasaMpanne, oyaMsI, teyaMsI, jasaMsI Adi saMsAra ke samasta sarvocca koTi ke guNoM ke akSaya bhaNDAra the / bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna (sarvajJatA ) - prApti ke pazcAt nirvANa -prApti taka ve unake anugAmI banakara rhe| nirvANa ke pazcAt bhagavAna ke prati anurAga kA sUkSma sUtra bhI TUTa gyaa| ve svayaM vItarAgI sarvajJa evaM bhagavatsvarUpa jIvanmukta banakara 12 varSoM taka bhAratavarSa meM vicaraNa karate rhe| parantu unakA vicaraNa kahA~-kahA~, kisa-kisa pradeza meM huA ? kyA-kyA ghaTanA-prasaMga unake jIvana - vikAsa se jur3e hoNge| unakA kiMcit mAtra bhI ullekha kisI zAstra meM upalabdha nahIM hotA / saca hai, ve svayaM prasiddhi evaM prazaMsA se svayaM kosoM dUra rahe, jIvana ko ujjvala, samujjvala banAkara anta meM AThoM hI karmoM se, janma-maraNa se tathA samasta vaiSayika sukha-duHkhoM se sarvathA rahita siddha-buddha-mukta ho ge| vAstava meM unakA nandIsUtra meM bahumAnapUrvaka smaraNa karanA ucita hI hai / 95 agnibhUti gautama : dvitIya gaNadhara agnibhUti indrabhUti gautama ke majhale bhAI the / 46 varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkAra kI / 12 varSa taka chadmasthAvasthA meM tapa - japa kara kaivalyazrI ko prApta hue / 16 varSa taka kevalI avasthA meM vicaraNa kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se do varSa pUrva rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazana kara 74 varSa kI Ayu meM nirvANa ko prApta hue / 196 vAyubhUti gautama : tRtIya gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ke laghu bhrAtA the / 42 varSa kI umra meM gRhavAsa ko tyAgakara inhoMne zramaNadharma aMgIkAra kiyA thA / ye 10 varSa chadmasthAvasthA meM rhe| 18 varSa kevalI avasthA meM rahe / 70 varSa kI vaya meM rAjagRha ke guNazIla nAmaka caitya meM mAsika anazana ke sAtha nirvANa prApta kiyA / 97 Arya vyakta svAmI : caturtha gaNadhara ye kallAga sanniveza ke nivAsI bhAradvAja gotrIya brAhmaNa the / Apake pitA kA nAma dhanamitra aura mAtA kA nAma vAruNI thA / 50 varSa kI vaya meM Apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha zramaNadharma svIkAra kiyA / ye 12 varSa taka chadmastha rahe aura 18 varSa taka kevalI - paryAya meM vicaraNa kara 80 varSa kI avasthA meM guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazana ke sAtha nirvANa ko prApta hue / 18

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nandIsatra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 307* Arya sudharmA svAmI : paMcama gaNadhara ye bhI kollAga-sanniveza ke nivAsI agnivaizyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma dhammila aura mAtA kA nAma bhaddilA thaa| inake pAsa 500 chAtra adhyayana karate the| inhoMne 50 varSa kI vaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA svIkAra kii| 42 varSa paryanta chadmastha avasthA meM rhe| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt 12 varSa vyatIta hone para Apa kevalI hue aura 8 varSa taka kevalI-paryAya meM rhe| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sabhI gaNadharoM meM sudharmA dIrghajIvI the| ataH anyAnya gaNadharoM ne apane-apane nirvANa ke samaya apane-apane gaNa Arya sudharmA svAmI ko samarpita kara diye the| ___ mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 12 varSa bAda sudharmA svAmI ko kevalajJAna prApta huA aura 20 varSa ke pazcAt 100 varSa kI avasthA meM mAsika anazanapUrvaka rAjagRha meM sthita guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa|99 Arya maNDika (maNDitaputra) : chaThe gaNadhara ___ Arya maNDika maurya-sanniveza-nivAsI vaziSTha gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma 'dhanadeva' aura mAtA kA nAma 'vijayAdevI' thaa| inhoMne 350 chAtroM ke sAtha 53 varSa kI vaya meM kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura 83 varSa kI vaya meM guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa ko prApta kiyaa|00 Arya mauryaputra : saptama gaNadhara ___ ye kAzyapa gotrIya brAhmaNa the| maurya-sanniveza-nivAsI pitA 'maurya' aura mAtA 'vijayAdevI' ke ye putra the| 350 chAtroM ke sAtha 53 varSa kI vaya meM inhoMne muni-dIkSA grahaNa kii| 79 varSa kI vaya meM inheM kevalajJAna prApta huA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke antima varSa meM 83 varSa kI umra meM rAjagRha sthita guNazIla caitya meM mAsika anazanapUrvaka nirvANa prApta kiyaa|101 eka spaSTIkaraNa __ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke chaThe gaNadhara maNDika (maNDitaputra) aura sAtaveM gaNadhara mauryaputra ke sambandha meM AcArya jinadAsagaNI mahattara aura AcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai ki ye donoM mAtA vijayAdevI ke aMgajAta sahodara the| ina donoM kI

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* 308 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana mAtA eka hI thii-vijyaadevii| kintu maNDika ke pitA kA nAma dhanadeva thA aura mauryaputra ke pitA kA nAma thaa-maury| Arya maNDika ke janma ke bAda dhanadeva kA nidhana ho gyaa| ataH (usa samaya mahilA ke lie punarvivAha jAyaja mAne jAne se) dhanadeva ke mausere bhAI maurya ke sAtha vijayAdevI ne vidhavA vivAha kara liyaa| usake pazcAt maurya se jo putra huA, usakA nAma mauryaputra rakhA gyaa| ___ muni zrI ratnaprabhavijaya jI ne bhI likhA hai-"mAtA eka aura pitA do the| cU~ki usa samaya maurya-sanniveza meM vidhavA-vivAha niSiddha nahIM thaa|" ___ paNDitapravara dalasukha mAlavaNiyA jI ne bhI 'gaNadharavAda' kI prastAvanA meM likhA hai-"mAtA eka aura pitA do the|" parantu vastutaH yaha eka bhrama hai, satya-tathya nahIM hai| donoM kI mAtA kA eka nAma hone se hI yaha bhrama huA hai|02 samavAyAMgasUtra meM Arya maNDika kI sarvAyu 83 varSa kI likhI hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI likhA hai ki ve 30 varSa taka zramaNa-paryAya kA pAlana kara siddha-buddhamukta hue| isa para se yaha spaSTa hai ki dIkSA lene ke samaya maNDika kI Ayu 53 varSa kI thii|103 isI samavAyAMgasUtra meM mauryaputra ke sambandha meM likhA hai-unhoMne 65 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSA lI thii| dIkSA lene kI samavAyAMga kI bAta anya granthakAroM ne bhI svIkAra kI hai|04 muni ratnaprabhavijaya jI ne bhI isI tathya ko mAnA hai|05 sArAMza yaha hai ki 11 hI gaNadharoM ne jaba eka hI dina dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, taba aisI sthiti meM yaha kaise sambhava hai ki bar3e bhrAtA 53 varSa ke hoM aura laghu bhrAtA 65 varSa ke ? eka hI dina dIkSA lete samaya bar3e bhAI se choTA bhAI umra meM bar3A kaise ho sakatA hai? isa para se yaha spaSTa hai ki maNDika aura mauryaputra ye donoM sahodara bhAI nahIM the| donoM kI mAtAe~ pRthak-pRthak thiiN| nAma bhale hI eka rahA ho, para ve eka nahIM thiiN| ataH vijayAdevI ne punarvivAha nahIM kiyA thaa| unakI umra kI ora dRSTi na jAne se hI (bhramavaza) AcArya hemacandra-jaise mahApratibhA ke dhanI ne ina donoM gaNadharoM ko sahodara mAnA aura Age-'lokAcAro hi na hiye' likhakara apanI mAnyatA kA aucitya siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyaa|06 Arya akampita : aSTama gaNadhara ye mithilA ke rahane vAle gautama gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA 'deva' aura mAtA 'jayantI' thii| inhoMne 300 chAtroM ke sAtha 48 varSa kI vaya meM dIkSA grahaNa

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 309 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.kii| 57 varSa kI vaya meM inheM kevalajJAna prApta huA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke antima varSa-78 varSa kI umra meM rAjagRha ke guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa|107 Arya acalabhrAtA : navama gaNadhara __ ye kozalAgrAma ke nivAsI hArIta gotrIya brAhmaNa the| Apake pitA 'vasu' aura mAtA 'nandA' thii| 300 chAtroM ke sAtha 46 varSa kI vaya meM zramaNa dIkSA lii| 12 varSa taka chadmasthAvasthA meM rhe| 14 varSa kevalI-paryAya meM vicaraNa kara 72 varSa kI Ayu meM mAsika anazana ke sAtha rAjagRha sthita guNazIla caitya meM nirvANa ko prApta hue|108 Arya maitArya : dazama gaNadhara ___ ye vatsa-dezAntargata tuMgika-sanniveza ke nivAsI kauNDinya gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma 'danta' tathA mAtA kA nAma varuNadevA thaa| unhoMne 300 chAtroM ke sAtha 36 varSa kI vaya meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| 10 varSa taka chadmasthAvasthA meM rahe aura 16 varSa taka kevalI avasthA meN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 4 varSa pUrva 62 varSa kI vaya meM rAjagRha sthita guNazIla caitya meM unakA nirvANa huaa|09 Arya prabhAsa : gyArahaveM gaNadhara __ ye rAjagRha nivAsI kauNDinya gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma bala aura mAtA kA nAma atibhadrA thaa| 16 varSa kI vaya meM zramaNadharma svIkAra kiyaa| 8 varSa taka chadmasthAvasthA meM rahe aura 16 varSa taka kevalI avasthA meN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 5 varSa pUrva rAjagRha meM mAsika anazanapUrvaka 40 varSa kI vaya meM nirvANa ko prApta hue|110 / gaNadharoM kI garimA ke viSaya meM vizeSa jJAtavya (1) ye gyAraha hI vidvAn bhArata ke coTI ke jAne-mAne kriyAkANDI vidvAn AcArya the| (2) ina sabake antarmana meM AtmA, karma Adi viSayoM ke sambandha meM eka-eka sandeha thA, jisakA rahasyodghATana evaM samAdhAna prApta hone para ye vaidika dharma ko chor3akara vItarAga dharma meM dIkSita ho ge|

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* 310 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana . - . - . - . - . - . (4) (3) AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra gaNadharoM ko kubera ke dvArA vastra, pAtra, upakaraNa Adi prApta hue the|11 inakI dIkSA ke samaya devagaNoM ne paMca divyoM kI vRSTi karake apanI prasannatA evaM dharma kI mahimA pragaTa kii|112 (5) prabhu kI eka hI dezanA meM 11 vidvAn AcAryoM ne 4,400 ziSyoM ke sahita dharma ke zAzvata satya svarUpa ko hRdayaMgama kara liyA aura sabhI prabhu ke samIpa dIkSita ho ge| saMyama-sAdhanA svIkAra karane ke bAda inako gaNadhara-labdhi prApta ho gii| phalataH ve gaNadhara khlaae| AvazyakacUrNi, trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra evaM mahAvIra caritra ke anusAra 11 hI gaNadhara prabhu mahAvIra ke samakSa kucha jhukakara khar3e ho ge| kucha kSaNa ke lie devoM ne vAdya-ninAda baMda kiye| usa samaya sarvaprathama indrabhUti kA lakSya karake prabhu ne kahA-"maiM tumheM tIrtha kI anujJA detA huuN|" tatpazcAt sabhI gaNadharoM ke mastaka para kramazaH cUrNa ddaalaa|13 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 11 hI gaNadharoM ko sarvaprathama 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyamayI tripadI' kA jJAna diyaa|114 usI ko sUtrarUpa meM prApta kara dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kii| bArahaveM aMga 'dRSTivAda' meM caudaha pUrva samAviSTa the| unake nAma kramazaH isa prakAra haiM1. utpAda pUrva 2. agrAyaNIya pUrva 3. vIrya-pravAda pUrva 4. asti-nAsti-pravAda pUrva 5. jJAna-pravAda pUrva 6. satya-pravAda pUrva 7. Atma-pravAda pUrva 8. karma-pravAda pUrva 9. pratyAkhyAna pUrva 10. vidyAnuvAda pUrva 11. kalyANa-pravAda pUrva 12. prANAdAya pUrva 13. kriyAvizAla pUrva 14. lokabindusAra pUrva ukta caudaha pUrvo kI racanA AcArAMgAdi dvAdazAMgI ke pUrva kI gaI thii| isa kAraNa inheM 'pUrva' nAma diyA gyaa|115 caudaha pUrva kI racanA ke pazcAt aMgazAstroM kI racanA kii| ina caudaha pUrvo kI racanA tIna niSadyAoM meM kI jAtI hai|116 'niSadyA' kA artha hai-vandanA karake

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 311 pUchanA / 'utpAda' Adi pratyeka pada para gaNadhara pRcchA karate haiM aura prabhu se uttara sunakara sUtroM kI racanA karate haiM / (8) prathama sAta gaNadharoM kI Agama vAcanA pRthak-pRthak thii| Age ke gaNadharoM meM gaNadhara acalabhrAtA aura akampita kI vAcanA tathA gaNadhara maitArya aura prabhAsa kI vAcanA samAna thI / antima yugma kI vAcanA samAna hone ke kAraNa 11 gaNadharoM ke 9 gaNa bane / 117 Agama-vAcanA ke AdhAra para nirmita ina gaNoM meM prathama sAta gaNoM kA saMcAlana indrabhUti Adi prathama sAta gaNadharoM ne kramazaH kiyA / acalabhrAtA aura akampita ne8veM gaNa kA tathA maitArya aura prabhAsa ne 9 veM gaNa kA saMcAlana kiyA thaa| samavAyAMgasUtra meM gaNadharoM kA kAphI ullekha hai / 118 gaNadhara tIrthaMkara prabhu ke gaNa ke stambha hote haiN| ve tIrthaMkaroM kI artharUpa vANI ko sUtrarUpa meM granthita karane vAle kuzala zabdazAstrI hote haiN| kahA bhI hai"atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM graMthati gaNaharA niuNA / " atizayavAna vIra - zAsana kI stuti gyAraha gaNadharoM kA nAmotkIrttana karane ke pazcAt nandIsUtrakAra ne jinapravacana tathA jinazAsana kI stuti kI hai / 1 yaha jinazAsana samyak darzana, jJAna, cAritrarUpa nirvANa (nirvRtti) patha kA zAsaka hai, dUsare zabdoM meM mokSa pada kA pradarzaka prazikSaka hai / 119 zAsana zabda kA vyutpattijanya artha hai - " jisase hita- zikSA dI jAtI ho, vaha zAsana hai| vIra-zAsana nirvRtti arthAt nirvANa ke patha kA zAsana hai-mokSa pada kA pratipAdaka - hitazikSaka hai / 120 isI kA dUsarA nAma jina-pravacana athavA nirgrantha pravacana hai, jisake lie AvazyakasUtra ke antargata 'zramaNasUtra' meM kahA gayA hai-yahI nirgrantha pravacana satya hai, anuttara, kevaliprajJapta hai, nyAyayukta hai, pratipUrNa hai, saMzuddhikAraka hai, mAyAdi trizalya ko kATane vAlA hai, siddhimArga, muktimArga, niryANamArga, nirvANamArga hai| yaha avitatha hai, asaMdigdha hai, sarvaduHkha-prahANamArga hai| isa pravacana meM sthita jIva siddha, buddha, mukta, parinirvANa ko prApta karate haiM, sarvaduHkhoM kA anta karate haiM / 121 yaha jina pravacana jIva- ajIva Adi sarva bhAvoM (padArthoM) kA prakAzaka hai, kyoMki nirmala, svaccha zrutajJAna ke prakAza se samasta padArtha ( padArthoM kA svarUpa) prakAzita ho jAtA hai|

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* 312 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana jaise sUrya ke prakAza hote hI andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jinazAsana ke prakAza se mithyAtva, ajJAna Adi rUpa andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| vaise hI jinazAsana kusamaya (apasiddhAntoM athavA kuprAvacanika matoM) ke mada kA mardaka-nAzaka hai| yaha zAsana prANimAtra kA hitaiSI hone se sadaiva upAdeya hai aura mumukSuoM dvArA grAhya hai| isI kAraNa jinendroM meM pravaravIra-mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdaka jinazAsana jayavanta hai, sarvotkRSTa hai, sarvopari atizayavAna hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai-"jainaM jayatu shaasnm|" arthAt rAga-dveSa vijetA jinendroM-vItarAgoM dvArA prarUpita jinazAsana vijayI ho| yugapradhAna sthavirAvalI-vandana ___ vIra-zAsana kI mahatomahIyAn guNa-garimA ke pazcAt sUtrakAra ne antima maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM AcArya sudharmA svAmI se lekara AcArya dUSyagaNI taka ke 31 prabhAvaka tathA yugapradhAna sthavira-puMgavoM kA guNotkIrtana sahita smaraNa karate hue vandana kiyA hai| Aja sabhI vidvAn samaveta svara meM yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA kI do sthavirAvaliyA~-kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI aura nandI sthavirAvalI pUrNataH prAmANika, vizvasanIya evaM atiprAcIna aitihAsika sthavirAvaliyA~ haiN| donoM sthavirAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA kA pramANa san 1871 meM janarala kaniMghama ke tattvAvadhAna meM mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM, dUsarI bAra san 1888 se san 1891 meM DaoN. phyudara ke tattvAvadhAna meM tathA tIsarI bAra paM. rAdhAkRSNa ke tattvAvadhAna meM huI khudAI meM jaina itihAsa kI mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI upalabdha huI hai| ina zilAlekhoM meM kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke chaha gaNoM meM se tIna gaNoM, cAra gaNoM ke 12 kuloM, 10 zAkhAoM tathA nandIsUtra ke AdimaMgala ke rUpa meM dI gaI vAcakavaMza (vAcanAcAryoM) kI sthavirAvalI ke 15veM AcArya Arya samudra, 16veM Arya maMgu, 21veM Arya nandila, 22veM Arya nAgahastI aura 29veM vAcanAcArya bhUtadinna ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| ina zilAlekhoM meM dasa pUrvadhara kAla se lekara sAmAnya pUrvadhara taka ke katipaya vAcanAcAryoM, gaNoM, kuloM Adi kA ullekha hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye donoM sthavirAvaliyA~ atiprAcIna hI nahIM, prAmANika bhI haiN|

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 313 * vAcakavaMza paramparA kI sthavirAvalI Arya sthUlabhadra ke do ziSyoM-Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI, meM Arya mahAgiri bar3e the| Arya mahAgiri kI zAkhA pramukha zAkhA mAnI gaI hai|122 vaha vAcakavaMza paramparA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| nandIsUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda kI vAcakavaMza paramparA kI sthavirAvalI isa prakAra hai1. sudharmA 2. jambU 3. prabhava 4. zayyambhava 5. yazobhadra 6. sambhUtavijaya 7. bhadrabAhu 8. sthUlabhadra 9. mahAgiri 10. suhastI 11. balissaha 12. svAti 13. zyAmArya 14. zANDilya 15. samudra 16. maMgu 17. dharma 18. bhadragupta 19. vajra 20. rakSita 21. nandila (Anandila) 22. nAgahastI 23. revatI nakSatra 24. brahmadIpakasiMha 25. skandila 26. himavanta 27. nAgArjuna 28. zrIgovinda 29. bhUtadina 30. lauhitya 31. dUSyagaNI 32. devagiNI nandI vRttikAra evaM cUrNikAra ne sthavirAvalI kI gAthA saMkhyA 31, 32 aura 41 ko prakSipta mAnA hai| unake anusAra Arya dharma, bhadragupta (candragupta), vajra, rakSita aura Arya govinda, ina pA~ca AcAryoM ke nAma jor3ane para hI Arya devarddhi taka isa paramparA ke AcAryoM kI saMkhyA 32 hotI hai| nandI sthavirAvalI kI mUla gAthAoM ke anusAra Arya devarddhigaNI 27veM AcArya haiN|

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* 314 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana - . - . -.-.-.-.-.-. AcArya paramparAnusAra kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ko Arya suhastI kI AcArya paramparA mAnA hai| vaha yahA~ dI jA rahI hai1. Arya sudharmA 2. Arya jambU 3. Arya prabhava 4. Arya zayyambhava 5. Arya yazobhadra 6. Arya sambhUtavijaya-bhadrabAhu 7. Arya sthUlabhadra 8. Arya suhastI 9. Arya susthita-supratibuddha 10. Arya indradinna 11. Arya dinna 12. Arya siMhagiri 13. Arya vajra 14. Arya ratha 15. Arya puSyagiri 16. Arya phalgumitra 17. Arya dhanagiri 18. Arya zivabhUti 19. Arya bhadra 20. Arya nakSatra 21. Arya dakSa 22. Arya nAga 23. Arya jehila 24. Arya viSNu 25. Arya kAlaka 26. Arya sampalitabhadra 27. Arya vRddha 28. Arya saMghapAlita 29. Arya hastI 30. Arya dharma 31. Arya siMha 32. Arya dharma 33. Arya sAMDilya kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anta meM dI gaI devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kI vandana-gAthA ke AdhAra para sAMDilya ke pazcAt devarddhi ko 34vA~ AcArya mAnA hai| parantu yaha gAthA prakSipta mAnI gaI hai| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ko guru-ziSya paramparA ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| agnivezyAyana gotrIya Arya sudharmA : prathama AcArya ___ AcArya paramparA kI kar3I meM sUtrakAra ne AcArya sudharmA ko sarvaprathama sthAna meM adhiSThita rakhA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra vIra nirvANa ke bAda AcArya paramparA kA prArambha Arya sudharmA (paMcama gaNadhara) se hotA hai| gaNadhara-maNDalI

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 315 * meM unakA paMcama sthAna thA, jabaki AcAryoM kI zrRMkhalA meM ve prathama AcArya bane; tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya indrabhUti gautama aura sudharmA do hI gaNadhara avaziSTa the| zeSa nau gaNadharoM kA nirvANa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pUrva hI ho gayA thaa| ataH agnibhUti Adi nau gaNadhara Arya sudharmA ko apanA apanA gaNa sauMpakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM hI siddhabuddha-mukta ho gaye the|23 jyeSTha gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama sarvajJa ho gaye the| sAmAnya sarvajJa kabhI saMgha paramparA kA vAhaka nahIM hotaa| ataH vIra nirvANa ke bAda saMgha ke dAyitva ko gaNadhara sudharmA ne sNbhaalaa| usa samaya unakI vaya 80 varSa kI thii| vIra nirvANa ke samaya gaNadhara sudharmA kA gaNa hI sarvAdhika vizAla thaa| unake pAsa apane gaNa ke atirikta nau gaNadharoM kI ziSya sampadA prApta thii| 11 gaNadharoM meM sudharmA svAmI ke hI ziSya hue haiM, zeSa 10 gaNadharoM kI ziSya paramparA nahIM clii|24 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke sukhada upapAta meM 30 varSa rahane ke kAraNa vividha anubhavoM kI vipula nidhi unake pAsa thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra-jaise saMgha ke sabala AdhAra ke cale jAne se caturvidha zramaNasaMgha kI naiyA kA DagamagA jAnA svAbhAvika thaa| parantu Arya sudharmA kA majabUta Azraya saMgha ke lie atIta upayogI siddha huaa|25 usa samaya AjIvaka Adi anya dharmasaMgha bhI apanA varcasva bar3hA rahe the| aise samaya meM sudharmA ne jo netRtva zramaNasaMgha ko diyA, vaha atyanta sudRr3ha va upayogI Alambana thaa| __ jainazAsana Aja AcArya sudharmA kA atyanta AbhArI hai| unhoMne vItarAga prabhu mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM baiThakara unakI lokakalyANakAriNI trividhatApahAriNI amRtavANI se apanI mastiSka-ghaTa ko bharakara pichalI pIr3hI ke lie agAdha Agama jJAna rAzi ko surakSita rkhaa| vartamAna meM gyAraha aMgazAstroM kI jJAna sampadA Arya sudharmA kI dena hai|26 sarvajJazrI se maNDita hone ke bAda Apake avikala jJAna se hajAroM vyaktiyoM ko divya prakAza prApta huaa| isa sambandha meM vizeSa jJAtavya (1) digambara paramparA ke anusAra gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama uttarAdhikArI the| (2) digambara paramparA ke katipaya granthoM meM 'sudharmA' kA apara nAma 'lohArya' bhI upalabdha hotA hai|127

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*316 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana (3) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke bAda vIra saMvat ke prArambha kAla meM, arthAt zaka saMvat se 605 varSa pUrva kArtika zuklA 1 ke dina caturvidha saMgha ne Arya sudharmA ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyA thaa|128 kAzyapa gotrIya Arya jambU : dvitIya AcArya __ AcArya jambU bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvitIya uttarAdhikArI the| unakA janma vIra nirvANa pU. 16 (vikrama pU. 486) meM rAjagRha meM huaa| unake pitA rAjagRha ke dUbhya zreSThI RSabhadatta the, mAtA kA nAma dhAriNI thaa| mAtA-pitA kI prasannatA hetu brahmacarya saMkalpI jambUkumAra ne guNa-sampanna apsarA-sama sundara ATha kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| vivAha kI prathama rAtri meM hI jambU ne una AThoM paliyoM ko vividha dRSTAntoM se samajhAkara bhoga se tyAga mArga kI ora mor3a diyaa| isa prakAra AThoM patniyoM ko vivAha kI prathama rAtri meM hI tyAgakara tathA asIma bhoga-sAmagrI ko ThukarAkara svecchA se kaNTakAkIrNa tapa-saMyama-patha kA anusaraNa karane vAle jambU kA udAharaNa itihAsa ke svarNima pRSThoM para aMkita anupama udAharaNa hai|29 eka dina jambU ne Arya sudharmA kA bhavavyAdhihAraka pravacana sunA aura usake komala mAnasa para adhyAtma kA evaM saMsAra-virakti kA gaharA raMga chA gyaa| phalataH Arya jambU ne kuberopama apAra vaibhava kA tyAga svayaM hI nahIM kiyA, varan unake vairAgya se prabhAvita hokara AThoM patniyA~, unake mAtA-pitA, pitA RSabhadatta, mA~ dhAriNI tathA kukhyAta caurarAja prabhava, usake 500 sAthI, yoM kula 527 vyaktiyoM ke sAtha vIra nirvANa 1 (vikrama pU. 469) meM rAjagRha sthita guNazIla caitya meM Arya sudharmA ke pAsa jambUkumAra dIkSita hue| Arya jambU kuzAgra buddhi ke dhanI the| Arya sudharmA ne apanA samasta zrutajJAna Arya jambU ko pradAna kiyaa| jisa prakAra gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama apanI jijJAsA evaM zaMkA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa parama vinIta bhAva se upasthita hote the, ThIka usI prakAra jambU svAmI bhI apanI jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa upasthita hote the| jambU svAmI kI pRcchA aura sudharmA dvArA diyA gayA Agama jJAna hI Aja apane mUla svarUpa kA parityAga kiye binA, usI aparivartita rUpa meM vidyamAna hai aura yahI pravAha paMcama Are ke anta taka calatA rhegaa|300

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 317 ____ AcArya jambU 16 varSa taka gRhastha-jIvana meM rhe| muni-paryAya ke 64 varSoM meM se 44 varSa taka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana ke dvitIya paTTadhara ke rUpa meM AcArya pada para rhe| unakI pUrNa Ayu 80 varSa kI thii| chattIsa varSa kI Ayu meM unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| jana-jana ko jJAna-razmiyoM se Alokita kara jyoti-puMja Arya jambU vIra nirvANa 64 (tadanusAra vikrama pU. 406) meM mathurA meM nirvANa pada ko prApta hue|31 jambU mahAn samartha AcArya the| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparA jambU ko samAna Adara detI haiN| inake samaya taka dharmasaMgha meM kisI prakAra kI bheda-rekhA nahIM ubharI thii| Arya jambU ko donoM hI paramparAe~ antima muktigAmI mAnatI haiN| vizeSa jJAtavya (ka) vairAgyamUrti jambUkumAra ke AkhyAna jaina kathA sAhitya kI anamola nidhi hai| saMsAra meM sArabhUta vastu pravrajyA hai; yaha satya-tathya mAtA-pitA ko samajhAne ke lie viziSTa prajJA-sampanna jambU ne viziSTa parijJA-sampanna zreSThIputra kA AkhyAna sunaayaa| (kha) viSaya-lolupatA kI bhayAvahatA ko samajhAne ke lie jambU ne eka bandara kA dRSTAnta sunAyA, jo viSayAsakti ke kAraNa zilAjIta se cipakakara mara gayA thaa| (ga) jambUkumAra kI samudrazrI Adi ATha nava-vivAhitA patniyoM ne virakta jambUkumAra ko saMyamamArga para car3hane se rokane aura sahaja prApta vipula sukhasAmagrI kA bhogopabhoga karane kI anurodhapUrNa prArthanA karate hue kramazaH 8 dRSTAnta sunAe; jambUkumAra ne bhI AThoM patniyoM dvArA prastuta kiye gaye 8 mArmika dRSTAntoM ke uttara meM unase bhI prakhara vairAgyotpAdaka 8 dRSTAnta sunAe jinheM sunakara unakI vAsanA-zakti kSINa ho gii| (gha) "tathAkathita viSayasukha 'madhubindu' ke samAna atituccha, nagaNya, ApAta ramaNIya evaM kSaNika hai|'' yaha tathya prabhava cora ko samajhAne ke lie jambU ne 'madhubindu' kA dRSTAnta khaa| (Ga) garbhAvAsa ke dAruNa duHkhoM kA anubhava karAne hetu 'lalitAGga' kA dRSTAnta sunaayaa|

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318 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana (ca) eka hI bhava meM ajJAnatA ke kAraNa mAnava ke sAtha kitanI anarthapUrNa ghaTanAe~ ghaTita ho jAtI haiM / ise samajhAne ke lie 'eka bhava meM 18 nAte' ke nAma se prasiddha kuberadatta - kuberadattA kI kathA sunAI / (cha) artha ke anucita upayoga ke duSpariNAma ke sambandha meM 'gopayuvaka' kA dRSTAnta sunaayaa| 132 (ja) lokadharma kI asaMgati ke sambandha meM 'mahezvaradatta' kA suprasiddha AkhyAna sunaayaa| (jha) duHkha meM bhI sukha kI kalpanA karane ke sambandha meM 'vaNik' kA dRSTAnta sunAyA / ' 33 isa prakAra saMsAra kA sajIva citra AkhyAnakoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta 'karake jambUkumAra ne apane mAtA-pitA, ATha patniyoM, unake mAtA-pitA evaM 500 coroM kI antazcetanA ko jAgRta evaM prabuddha kara diyaa| phalataH eka hI rAta meM 527 vyaktiyoM ko pratibuddha kara dIkSita hone vAle jambUkumAra itihAsa ke pRSThoM para sirpha eka hI haiM, advitIya haiN| (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa jambUkumAra kI dIkSA se kucha hI mAsa pUrva huA thaa| isa prakAra ke ullekha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke prAcIna granthoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| (3) jambU svAmI ke nirvANa (mokSa) ke pazcAt jambUdvIpAntargata bharata kSetra meM nimnalikhita 10 bAteM vilupta ho gaIM (1) manaHparyavajJAna, (2) parama avadhijJAna, (3) pulAkalabdhi, (4) AhAraka - zarIra, (5) kSapaka zreNi, (6) upazama zreNi, (7) jinakalpa sAdhanA, (8) tricAritra (parihAravizuddhi, sUkSma- samparAya aura yathAkhyAtacAritra), (9) kevalajJAna, aura (10) muktigamana / 134 135 (4) sudharmA aura jambU kA isase pUrva ke 5 bhavoM kA itivRtta granthoM meM milatA hai jinameM 3 bhava manuSya ke aura 2 bhava deva ke haiN| manuSya ke tInoM bhavoM meM sudharmA ke jIva ne jambU ke jIva ko pratibodhita karake dIkSita kiyA thaa| Arya jambU ke nirvANa ke sAtha hI kevalIkAla kI samApti ho gaI / tRtIya paTTadhara : AcArya prabhava Arya jambU ke pazcAt kevalIkAla samApta ho jAne se zrutakevalIkAla prArambha huA / zrutakevalIkAla ke prathama zrutadhara AcArya hue- Arya prabhava / ye

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 319 * jambU svAmI ke paTTa para,bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke tIsare paTTadhara hue| zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM zrutakevalIkAla ke viSaya meM tathA zrutakevalI paramparA ke AcAryoM ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra zrutakevalIkAla vIra nirvANa 64 se vIra nirvANa 170 taka kula 106 varSa kI avadhi kA mAnA gayA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM vIra nirvANa 62 se vIra nirvANa 162 taka 100 varSa kA zrutakevalIkAla mAnA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra zrutakevalI ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama AcArya prabhava kA nAma liyA jAtA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM zrutakevalI rUpa meM prathama AcArya viSNunandI-aparanAma 'nandI' ko mAnA gayA hai| ___ donoM paramparAoM se sammata zrutakevalI evaM unakA AcArya kAla isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA digambara paramparA (1) prabhava svAmI vIra nirvANa 64 se 75 (1) viSNunaMdi vIra nirvANa 62 se 76 (2) zayyambhava svAmI vIra nirvANa 75 se 98 (2) nandImitra vIra nirvANa 76 se 92 (3) yazobhadra svAmI vIra nirvANa 98 se 148 (3) aparAjita vIra nirvANa 92 se 114 (4) sambhUtivijaya vIra nirvANa 148 se 156 (4) govardhana vIra nirvANa 114 se 133 (5) bhadrabAhu svAmI vIra nirvANa 156 se 170 (5) bhadrabAhu prathama vIra nirvANa 133 se 162 vindhya pradeza ke jayapura nagara meM vIra nirvANa pUrva 30 (vikrama pUrva 500, IsA pUrva 557) meM kAtyAyana gotrIya vindhya rAjA ke jyeSTha putra ke rUpa meM kSatriya rAjakumAra prabhava kA janma huaa| kaniSTha putra ko rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI banA diye jAne se pita-sneha se vaMcita evaM ruSTa hokara prabhava corapallI meM pahu~ca gyaa| apanI nirbhIkatA aura buddhi-bala se jana-samUha ko lUTatA, dhana haraNa karatA evaM zera kI taraha dahAr3atA huA prabhava eka dina 500 coroM kA netA bana gyaa| avasvApinI aura tAlodghATinI vidyA ke prabhAva se usakA bala atyadhika bar3ha gayA; isa kAraNa zastra sajjita samrATa koNika kA sainya-dala bhI prabhava ke nAma se kA~patA thaa| eka bAra prabhava ke dala ne rAjagRha ke ibhya zreSThI RSabhadatta ke putra jambU ke vivAha kI aura usameM prApta 99 karor3a ke prItidAna kI carcA sunI to eka hI dina meM dhanADhya banane kI lAlasA se ve apane dala sahita zreSThI ke vizAla gRha meM

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320 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana praviSTa ho gaye / avasvApinI vidyA se sabako nIMda kI goda meM sulAkara tAlodghATana vidyA ke prayoga se tAle khola diye aura jaise 'madhubindu' para makkhiyA~ bhinabhinAtI haiM, vaise hI yaha dasyu dala dhana kI peTiyoM para jA lpkaa| dhana ke gaTThara bA~dhakara jaise hI ve uThAne ko tatpara hue ki unake hAtha gaTTharoM para aura paira dharatI se cipaka gye| sabhI citralikhita sama stambhita ho gaye / 136 prabhava dUra khar3A khar3A apane sAthiyoM ko gaTThara uThAkara calane kA Adeza de rahA thA, kintu apanI zArIrika zakti kA pUrNa upayoga karane para bhI taskara - dala svayaM ko iMca mAtra bhI hilA nahIM pA rahA thA / kuzAgra buddhi kA dhanI prabhava samajha gayA ki avazya hI yahA~ kisI zaktizAlI vidyA ke prayoktA ne prayoga kiyA hai anyathA mere saMketa mAtra para prANa nyochAvara kara dene vAlA merA dala merI AjJA kI avahelanA kyoM karatA aura kyoM niSkriya banatA ? avazya hI isameM koI rahasya hai / ho sakatA hai, jisakI zabda- taraMgeM mere karNakuharoM se TakarA rahI haiM, vaha mujhase adhika zaktizAlI mAnava hai, usI ne mere dala para stambhinI vidyA kA prayoga kiyA ho / prabhava ne apanI painI dRSTi se cAroM ora dekhA ki RSabhadatta ke mahala ke sabase UparI gavAkSa se chanakara prakAza kiraNeM A rahI haiN| vaha vidyut vega se jambUkumAra ke zayana kakSa taka pahu~cA / virakti ke svara usake kAnoM se ttkraaye| vaha vicAra karane lagA - 'aho ! suhAga kI prathama rAtri meM ye adhyAtma ke svara ! avazya hI yaha koI asAdhAraNa puruSa hai|' cumbaka - sA khiMcA huA prabhava jambUkumAra ke samakSa khar3A ho gayA aura apanA paricaya dete hue bolA"maiM taskararAja prabhava hU~ / Apase maitrI - sambandha sthApita karane kI bhAvanA se yahA~ AyA huuN| maiM apanI 'avasvApinI' aura 'tAlodghATinI' vidyA Apako pradAna kara Apase stambhinI aura vimocanI vidyAe~ grahaNa karanA cAhatA huuN|" - ,137 jambUkumAra ne muskarAte hue kahA- "stenasamrAT ! mere pAsa na koI bhautika vidyA hai aura na hI mujhe inakI AvazyakatA hai| merI dRSTi meM adhyAtma vidyA se bar3hakara koI vidyA, maMtra yA zakti nahIM hai| maiM to prabhAta hote hI isa dhana-sampadA aura rUpa- sampadA kA tyAgakara Arya sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa saMyama aMgIkAra kruuNgaa|" jambUkumAra kI bAta sunakara prabhava avAk raha gayA / vaha kucha kSaNa taka jambU ke zAnta, zItala, tejasvI mukhamaNDala ko nihAratA hI raha gayA / usake antaHkaraNa meM eka jhaTakA sA lgaa| usakA antarmana udvelita ho utthaa| usake mana meM antaHsphuraNA jhaMkRta ho uThI-"are prabhava ! dekha, kahA~ tU aura kahA~ yaha jambU ! yaha to prApta bhogoM aura sukha-sAdhanoM ko ThukarA rahA hai aura

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 321 * -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-...-.-- -- tU inake dvArA vamita bhogoM aura sukha-sAdhanoM ke pIche kutte kI bhA~ti TUTa rahA hai ! isa dhana ke lie tUne kyA-kyA pApa nahIM kiye ? dhikkAra hai tujhe ! " prabhava svayaM ko dhikkAratA huA antaratama meM gaharA utara gyaa| use dhana se tathA sukhopabhogoM se virakti ho gii| vaha jambU ko prApta apAra dhanarAzi lUTane AyA thA, kintu svayaM pUrNataH luTa gayA ! usane jambU ke caraNoM meM natamastaka hokara apane aparAdha kI kSamA mA~gI aura jambUkumAra ke samakSa apane 500 sAthiyoM sahita dIkSA lene kI icchA vyakta kii| isa prakAra vIra nirvANa saM. 1 (vikrama pUrva 469) ke dina apane 500 sAthiyoM sahita prabhava ne jambUkumAra Adi ke sAtha AcArya sudharmA svAmI se bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra-prabhava kI dIkSA jambU kI dIkSA ke eka dina bAda huii| prabhava umra kI dRSTi se jambU se jyeSTha aura dIkSA kI dRSTi se kaniSTha the| dIkSA grahaNa kAla meM jambU kI Ayu 16 varSa kI aura prabhava kI 30 varSa kI thii| ataH prabhava svAmI AcArya jambU svAmI ke gurubhrAtA hue aura bAda meM jambU svAmI ke uttarAdhikArI bhii| jambU svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa saM. 64 meM prabhava svAmI ne AcAryapada kA dAyitva sa~bhAlA aura vIra nirvANa 75 (vikrama pUrva 395) meM 105 varSa kI sarvAyu pUrNa kara unhoMne anazanapUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| unheM dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna jambU svAmI se upalabdha huA thA yA sudharmA svAmI se? isakA kahIM para bhI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| jo bhI ho, AcArya prabhava zrutakevalI, viziSTa zrutadhara, tejasvI, anuzAsana sakSama evaM viziSTa prabhusattA se sampanna AcArya the| vizeSa jJAtavya (1) Arya sudharmA aura Arya jambU ko apane bhAvI uttarAdhikArI AcArya kI cintA nahIM karanI par3I, kintu AcArya prabhava kI dRSTi meM unake saMgha meM AcAryapada grahaNa karane kI yogyatA vAlA eka bhI vyakti najara nahIM aayaa| ataH AcArya prabhava ko zayyaMbhava-jaise mahAn yAjJika brAhmaNa ko ziSyarUpa meM prApta karane ke lie kAphI prayatna karanA par3A thaa| prabhava ke saMgha-anuzAstAkAla meM nandavaMza kA abhyudaya ho cukA thaa| magadha deza meM udAyI nareza ke rAjya kA anta vIra nirvANa saM. 60 (vikrama pUrva 410) meM ho gayA thaa| nandavaMza ke abhyudaya ke samaya AcArya jambU kA AcAryakAla thaa|

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* 322 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana vatsa gotrIya AcArya zayyambhava : caturtha paTTadhara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tRtIya paTTadhara AcArya prabhava svAmI hue| unake pazcAt vIra nirvANa saM. 75 meM caturtha paTTadhara AcArya zayyaMbhava hue| ApakA janma vatsa gotrIya brAhmaNa parivAra meM vIra nirvANa saM. 36 (vikrama pUrva 434 ) meM rAjagRha huA thaa| jisa samaya zayyaMbhava ne 28 varSa kI vaya meM AcArya prabhava svAmI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara muni dIkSA grahaNa kI, usa samaya unakI yuvA patnI garbhavatI thI / AcArya prabhava 94 varSa kI Ayu meM AcAryapada para AsIna hue the| unake jIvana kA yaha sandhyAkAla thA / pichalI rAtri meM unake antarmAnasa meM yaha vicAra udbuddha huA ki mere bAda gaNabhAra - vAhaka kauna hogA? unhoMne apane samUce zramaNasaMgha, zrAvakasaMgha evaM jainasaMgha para gaharAI se dRSTipAta kiyA, kintu unakI dRSTi meM AcAryapada ke yogya koI bhI vyakti nahIM ThaharA / anta meM, unakA dhyAna vedavijJa yAjJika zayyambhava para kendrita huA / 1 38 yadyapi zayyambhava AcAryapada ke sarvathA yogya pratIta ho rahe the, kintu jainadharma-darzana ke kaTTara virodhI, svajJAnagarviSTha vedavijJa brAhmaNa ko kaise samajhAyA aura manAyA jAye ? ataH dUsare hI dina AcArya prabhava svAmI apanI sAdhu- maNDalI ke sAtha vihAra karate hue rAjagRha pdhaare| vahA~ jAkara Apane apane do sAdhuoM ko Adeza diyA ki tuma donoM zayyaMbhava brAhmaNa kI yajJazAlA meM bhikSArtha jAo aura jaba ve bhikSA na deM to tuma ucca svara se nimnokta zloka - paMkti sunAkara vApasa lauTa AnA'aho kaSTamaho kaSTaM, tattvaM vijJAyate nhi|" 1 - aho ! bar3e kheda kI bAta hai ki tattva nahIM jAnA jA rahA hai zramaNa-yugala ne AcArya ke saMketAnusAra vaisA hI kiyA / tattva ko nahIM jAnane kI bAta sunakara udbhaTa vidvAn zayyaMbhava kA darparUpI sarpa phuphakAra utthaa| socA- 'ye upazAnta tapasvI asatya nahIM bolte|' ataH satya kyA hai ? yaha jAnane ke lie ve naMgI talavAra hAtha meM lekara yajJAnuSThAna karAne vAle upAdhyAya ke pAsa pahu~ce aura unase 'tattva kyA hai ?' yaha pRcchA kI / upAdhyAya ne kahA"svarga aura apavarga ko dene vAle veda hI parama tattva haiN|" zayyaMbhava ne kahA- "ye niSparigrahI, mamatvarahita zAnta maharSi asatya nahIM kahate / tuma mujhe satya - satya kaho ki 'tattva kyA hai ?' anyathA, isa talavAra se tumhArA ziroccheda kara duuNgaa|"

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 323 karAlakAla-sama vikarAla talavAra dekhakara upAdhyAya ne kA~pate hue kahA"arhat dharma hI yathArtha tattva hai / " zayyaMbhava bhaTTa abhimAnI hone ke sAtha-sAtha jijJAsu bhI the / ve jaina zramaNoM kI khoja karate hue Arya prabhava ke pAsa pahu~ca gye| prabhava ne unheM yajJa kA adhyAtmaparaka yathArtha svarUpa samajhAyA aura adhyAtma tattva kI vizad vyAkhyA kI / AcArya prabhava kI pIyUSavarSiNI adhyAtma sudhA sampRkta vANI sunakara unhoMne samyak bodha prApta kiyA aura AcArya prabhava ke pAsa ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| patnI kA tyAga karake sAdhu bana jAne kI bAta rAjagRha ke pUre brAhmaNavarga meM vidyut pravAha kI taraha phaila gii| ve Apasa meM carcA karane lage- " aho ! zayyaMbhava bhaTTa niSThurAtiniSThura vyakti nikalA, jo apanI navayauvanA patnI kA tyAgakara sAdhu bana gayA / " 139 nArI ke lie pati ke abhAva meM putra kA Alambana hotA hai / parantu mAlUma hotA hai, vaha Alambana bhI ise prApta na ho sakA / 44 eka dina ar3ausa - par3ausa kI mahilAoM ne zayyaMbhava kI patnI se pUcha liyA - "sarale ! kyA putra kI sambhAvanA hai ?" usane lajjA aura saMkocavaza saMkSipta-sA uttara diyA- "maNagaM ( manAk ); arthAt hA~, kucha hai / " ukta zabda sunakara zayyaMbhava ke parijanoM ko santoSa huA / samayAnusAra jaba putraratna utpanna huA to sabhI ne usakI mA~ ke mukha se nikale hue madhura karNapriya zabda (manaka) kA anusaraNa karake, zizu kA 'manaka' nAma rkhaa| zayyaMbhava bhaTTa kA yaha putra manaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha ho gyaa| mA~ ne atyanta snehavaza pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| jaba manaka 8 varSa kA huA to eka bAra apanI mA~ se pUchA - "merI pyArI acchI mA~ ! maiMne apane pitA ko kabhI nahIM dekhA, batAo mere pitA kahA~ haiM ?" mA~ ne apane umar3ate azruoM ko balAt rokate hue atyanta dhairya ke sAtha kahA- " vatsa ! jaise tUne apane pitA ko nahIM dekhA, vaise hI tere pitA ne bhI tujhe nahIM dekhA hai / ve tere janma se pUrva hI jaina muni bana gaye haiM / " mA~ kI bAta sunakara manaka ke mana meM pitR-darzana kI bhAvanA prabala ho uThI / vaha apanI mAtA kI anumati lekara pitA kI khoja meM idhara-udhara bhaTakatA huA campAnagarI meM pahu~ca gyaa| zauca nivRtti ke lie gaye hue AcArya zayyaMbhava vApasa lauTa rahe the ki unhoMne manaka kI apanI-sI mukhAkRti dekhakara samajha liyA ki yaha merA gRhastha-pakSIya putra hai / jaba manaka ne pUchA - "mere pitA AcArya zayyaMbhava kahA~ haiM ? kyA Apa unheM jAnate haiM ?" AcArya ne kahA- " vatsa ! maiM tumhAre pitA ko

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* 324 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana jAnatA huuN| ve mere se abhinna haiN| tuma mujhe apanA pitA hI smjho|' bAlaka manaka unake sAtha upAzraya meM aayaa| vahA~ zruti paramparA se patA calA ki ye hI mere pitA AcArya zayyaMbhava haiM to harSa se gadgada hokara 8 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI usane zramaNa-dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lii| na to use upadeza kI adhika AvazyakatA par3I aura na hI preraNA kii| dazavaikAlikasUtra kI racanA kA AdhAra aura prayojana AcArya zayyaMbhava caturdaza pUrvadhArI the| bAlaka ke lakSaNa aura usakI hastarekhA dekhakara unhoMne jAna liyA ki isa bAlaka zramaNa kI Ayu mAtra 6 mAsa hI avaziSTa hai| ataH isa svalpakAla meM hI jJAna aura kriyA donoM kA samyak ArAdhana kara Atma-kalyANa kara sake, isake lie Atma-pravAda pUrva se dazavaikAlikasUtra kA nirvRhaNa kiyaa|deg isa sUtra meM 10 adhyayana haiM, jisameM muni-jIvana kI samagra AcAra-saMhitA kA nirUpaNa huA hai| yaha sUtra uttaravartI navIna mokSArthI sAdhakoM ke lie atyanta upayogI siddha huA hai| isakI gaNanA 4 mUlasUtroM meM kI gaI hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu kI dazavaikAlikaniyukti ke anusAra isa sUtra ke caturtha adhyayana kA nirvRhaNa Atma-pravAda pUrva se, paMcama adhyayana kA nirvRhaNa karma-pravAda pUrva se, saptama adhyayana kA ni!haNa satya-pravAda pUrva se aura avaziSTa adhyayanoM kA nirvRhaNa navameM pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtIya vastu se huA hai| isa Agama kI racanA vIra nirvANa 80 meM huI thii|41 muni manaka ne 6 mAsa ke svalpakAla meM zramaNadharma kI ArAdhanA kara samAdhipUrvaka AyuSya pUrNa kara svarga kI rAha lii| manaka kI svalpakAlIna sAdhanA ke sAtha deha-tyAga ke prasaMga ne atyanta dhairyavAna AcArya zayyaMbhava ke dila ko udvelita kara diyaa| unakI A~khoM se do azra-binda dharatI para lur3haka pdd'e|02 yazobhadra Adi muniyoM ne unase isa khinnatA kA kAraNa pUchA to AcArya ne kahA"yaha merA gRhastha-pakSIya putra thaa| putra-moha ne mujhe kSaNabhara ke lie vihvala kara diyaa|" yazobhadra Adi muniyoM ne kahA-"bhagavan ! Apa hameM pahale hI batA dete to hama usakI samyak paricaryA va sevA-zuzrUSA krte|' AcArya ne uttara meM kahA-"munivaro ! maiMne yaha rahasya isalie nahIM kholA ki phira AcAryaputra samajhakara koI isase sevA-zuzrUSA-paricaryA nahIM karavAtA tathA yaha sevAdharma ke lAbha se vaMcita raha jaataa| isa bAla-muni kI alpAyu jAnakara hI maiMne pUrvazruta se sAra uddhRta karake isa choTe se sUtra kI racanA kii| aba vaha prayojana nahIM rhaa|

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 325 * ataH isa dazavaikAlikasUtra kA maiM punaH pUrvo meM saMvaraNa kara denA cAhatA huuN|" AcArya kI bAta sunakara Arya yazobhadra Adi munisaMgha evaM zrAvakasaMgha ne prArthanA kI-"pUjyavara ! manaka muni ke samAna bhaviSya meM aura bhI alpAyu yA maMdamati sAdhu-sAdhvI ho sakate haiN| unako sAdhvAcAra kA saMkSepa meM patha-pradarzana karane meM yaha sUtra atIva upayogI hogaa| ataH Apa ise yathAvat rahane deN|" AcArya zayyaMbhava pUrvo se sUtra kA nirvRhaNa karane vAle prathama AcArya hue haiN| saMgha dvArA kI gaI prArthanA aura zayyaMbhavAcArya ke kRpA prasAda ke phalasvarUpa Aja samagra sampradAyoM ke zramaNasaMgha meM dazavaikAlikasUtra se pUrNatayA AdhyAtmika lAbha uThAyA jA rahA hai| paMcama Are ke anta taka dazavaikAlikasUtra vidyamAna rahegA, yahI isakI upayogitA tathA sarvazreSThatA kA pramANa hai| __ AcArya zayyaMbhava 11 varSa taka sAmAnya muni-paryAya meM aura 23 varSa taka yugapradhAna AcAryapada para rhe| 62 varSa kI sarvAyu pAlana kara ve vIra nirvANa saM. 98 (vikrama pUrva 372) meM svargAsIna hue|43 tuMgika gotrIya AcArya yazobhadra : paMcama paTTadhara ____ AcArya zayyaMbhava ke pradhAna ziSya Arya yazobhadra jainazAsana ke parama yazasvI yugapradhAna AcArya ho gaye haiN| ApakA janma taMgiyAyana (taMgika) gotrIya yAjJika brAhmaNa parivAra meM vIra nirvANa 62 meM (vikrama pUrva 408) meM huaa| 22 varSa kI yuvAvasthA meM Apane Arya zayyaMbhava ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kii| 14 pUrvo kI vizAla jJAna-rAzi kA adhyayana karake 36 varSa kI vaya meM AcAryapada para AsIna hue| 50 varSa taka AcAryapada para rahakara jinazAsana kI anupama sevA karate hue 86 varSa kI Ayu meM vIra nirvANa 148 meM svargagAmI hue| vizeSa jJAtavya (1) AcArya yazobhadra ne apane samaya ke bar3e-bar3e yAjJikoM ko pratibodha dekara jainadharmAnuyAyI bnaaye| (2) Apa hI kI vicakSaNa pratibhA ke phalasvarUpa Apake zAsanakAla meM saMbhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu-jaise do samartha ziSya caturdaza pUrvadhara zrutakevalI bne|45 (3) tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke uttaravartI yugapradhAna AcAryoM kI zrRMkhalA meM usa samaya taka sarvAdhika lambA zAsanakAla (50 varSa) AcArya yazobhadra kA rhaa|

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* 326 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana (4) AcArya zayyaMbhava taka caturvidha zramaNasaMgha meM eka hI AcArya paramparA thii| parantu AcArya yazobhadra ne apane pATa para saMbhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu donoM ko AcAryapada para niyukta karake jainazAsana (dharmasaMgha) meM naI pravRtti ko janma diyaa| 46 magadha, aMga aura videha ye tInoM pradeza AcArya yazobhadra ke dharma-pracAra ke kSetra rhe| usa samaya magadha para nandavaMza kA rAjya thaa| (6) AcArya zayyaMbhava aura AcArya yazobhadra donoM brAhmaNa parivAra se sambaddha hone se tatkAlIna brAhmaNa samAja para unakA asAdhAraNa prabhAva pdd'aa| ina donoM AcAryoM kA 73 varSa kA sudIrghakAla vaidika saMskRti (jisameM brAhmaNa paramparA) ko jaina saMskRti se prabhAvita karane vAlA ahiMsA kA udghoSa kAla rhaa| mAThara gotrIya AcArya sambhUtavijaya : SaSTha paTTadhara AcArya sambhUtavijaya zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke mahAn gauravazAlI AcArya the| mahAvIra zAsana ke ve chaThe paTTadhara tathA zrutakevalI paramparA meM caturtha zrutakevalI the| unakA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 66 (vikrama pUrva 404) meM mAThara gotrIya brAhmaNa parivAra meM huA thaa| utkRSTa viraktabhAva se unhoMne vIra nirvANa 108 (vikrama pUrva 362) meM 42 varSa kI Ayu meM Arya yazobhadra ke pAsa ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| AgamoM kA gambhIra jJAnArjana karate hue 14 pUrvo kA sampUrNa mUlArtha grahaNa kara ve zrutakevalI AcArya bne| AcArya yazobhadra ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa saM. 148 (vikrama pUrva 322) meM ve AcAryapada para ArUr3ha hue| zrutasampanna AcArya bhadrabAhu unake gurubhrAtA zramaNa the| ___ kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke 12 pramukha ziSya the-(1) nandanabhadra, (2) upanandanabhadra, (3) tiSyabhadra, (4) yazobhadra, (5) sthavira sumanabhadra, (6) maNibhadra, (7) puNyabhadra, (8) sthUlabhadra, (9) Rjumati, (10) jambU, (11) dIrghabhadra, aura (12) paannddubhdr| AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke saMgha meM katipaya ghora abhigrahadhArI zreSTha zramaNa the| aise sthUlabhadra Adi 4 viziSTa sAdhakoM ke abhigraha kA romAMcakArI varNana upadezamAlA meM kiyA gayA hai| usake anusAra eka ne siMha guphA meM, dUsare ne sarpa kI bAmbI para, tIsare ne kue~ kI pAla para aura cauthe Arya sthUlabhadra ne apanI pUrva paricitA kozA gaNikA kI kAmottejaka citrazAlA meM cAturmAsa

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 327 * -.-.-.-.-.karane kA abhigraha karake cAturmAsa vyatIta kiyaa| cAturmAsa kI sampannatA para jaba cAroM muni AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke pAsa Aye to unhoMne tIna muniyoM kA 'duSkara kriyA ke sAdhaka' kahakara tathA muni sthUlabhadra kA mahAduSkara kriyA ke sAdhaka, se sambodhita kara svAgata-satkAra kiyaa| AcArya sambhUtavijaya kA zramaNIvarga bhI atyanta prabhAvaka thaa| mahAmAtya zakaDAla kI sAta putriyA~-yakSA, yakSadattA, bhUtA, bhUtadinnA, seNA, veNA, reNA AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke pAsa dIkSita huI thiiN|149 inameM se sAdhvI yakSA jainazAsana kI gauravazAlinI mahAsAdhvI thii| atIva sukumAla zrIyaka muni ko jyeSThabhaginI sAdhvI yakSA ne paryuSaNa parva ke dina upavAsa kI preraNA dii| upavAsa tapa ke daurAna rAtri meM bhayaMkara kaSTa hone se deva-guru kA smaraNa karatA huA muni zrIyaka svargavAsI huaa| bhrAtA zrIyaka muni ke svargavAsa kA kAraNa svayaM ko mAnatI huI sAdhvI yakSA apane manastApa ke nivAraNArtha zAsanadevI kI sahAyatA se mahAvideha kSetra meM jAkara tIrthaMkara sImandhara svAmI ke zrImukha se svayaM ko nirdoSatA siddha krvaaii| sAtha hI unake mukhakamala se niHsRta vANI ko jyoM kI tyoM smRti meM rakhakara zrIsaMgha ko pradAna kii| atiprasiddha cAra cUlikAe~ sAdhvI yakSA ko prApta huIM, inameM se do cUlikAe~ dazavaikAlikasUtra ke sAtha aura do cUlikAe~ AcArAMgasUtra ke sAtha saMyojita kI giiN|150 / / ___ AcArya yazobhadra kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa saM. 148 meM huA thaa| sthUlabhadra kI dIkSA AcArya yazobhadra kI anumati se AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke dvArA huI thii| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki AcArya yazobhadra kI vidyamAnatA meM hI AcArya sambhUtavijaya ko dIkSA pradAna karane kA adhikAra prApta ho gayA thaa| sambhava hai, usa samaya dharmasaMgha kI aisI vyavasthA cAlU ho gaI ho| __ AcArya sambhUtavijaya jI ne 40 varSa taka saMyama-paryAya kA pAlana kiyaa| usameM 8 varSa AcAryatva kAla kA thaa| apanI prakhara jJAna-razmiyoM se sahasroM bhavya janoM ko pratibodha dete hue AcArya sambhUtavijaya jI vIra nirvANa saM. 156 (vikrama pUrva 314) meM svargagAmI hue| vizeSa jJAtavya __ AcArya sambhUtavijaya jI ke AcAryakAla meM nanda rAjya utkarSa para thaa| unake samaya meM nauveM nanda kA rAjyakAla cala rahA thA; kyoMki nauveM nanda ke mahAmAtya zakaDAla parivAra kI 9 dIkSAe~-(sthUlabhadra, zrIyaka evaM inakI sAta bhaginiyoM kI dIkSAe~) AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke dvArA huI thiiN|

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* 328 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana prAcIna gotrIya AcArya bhadrabAhu : saptama paTTadhara viziSTa zrutadhara (zrutakevalI) paramparA meM AcArya bhadrabAhu paMcama zrutadhara the| Apa jaina saMskRti ke jyotirdhara AcArya the / jaina sAhitya - sarjanA ke Apa Adi puruSa the| AgamoM ke vyAkhyAkAra, itihAsakAra evaM vividha sAhitya sarjaka ke rUpa meM ApakA sthAna prathama hai| Apa antima caturdazapUrvadhArI AcArya the / Apake pazcAt koI bhI zramaNa arthazaH caturdazapUrvadhAraka nahIM huA / dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAsUtra, AvazyakasUtra Adi 10 sUtroM para Apake dvArA racita mahattvapUrNa niyuktiyA~ haiM / kalpasUtra Apake dvArA deva, guru, dharma evaM AcAra-saMhitA para zraddhA evaM caryA TikAne ke lie mahanIya kRti hai / katipaya vidvAn ukta niryuktiyA~ dvitIya bhadrabAhu dvArA racita mAnate haiM / upasargahara ApakI yazasvI racanA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu kA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 94 (vikrama pUrva 376) meM pratiSThAnapura meM huA / prAcIna gotra se pratIta hotA hai, Apa brAhmaNa vaMza kI vibhUti the / unhoMne 45 varSa kI vaya meM AcArya yazobhadra se dIkSA grahaNa kii| 62 varSa kI Ayu meM vIra nirvANa 156 ( vikrama pUrva 314 ) meM AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt Apa AcAryapada para AsIna hue / 14 varSa taka yugapradhAna pada para jinazAsana kA saphala netRtva aura anudAna dekara vIra nirvANa saM. 170 (vikrama pUrva 300) meM svargavAsI hue / 151 unhIM ke sAtha arthavAcanA kI dRSTi se zrutakevalI kA viccheda ho gyaa| vizeSa jJAtavya (1) zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAe~ bhadrabAhu ko zrutadhara AcArya ke rUpa meM Adara pradAna karatI haiN| (2) digambara paramparA meM bhadrabAhu govardhana nAmaka AcArya ke ziSya the / zvetAmbara paramparA AcArya bhadrabAhu ko AcArya yazobhadra kA ziSya evaM AcArya sambhUtavijaya kA gurubhrAtA svIkAra karatI hai / (3) pariziSTa parva ke anusAra AcArya yazobhadra ne sambhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu donoM ko saMgha ke AcAryapada para eka sAtha niyukta kiyA thA / 152 Ayu meM jyeSTha hone ke kAraNa yaha dAyitva pahale sambhUtavijaya ne sa~bhAlA, tatpazcAt bhadrabAhu saMgha ke agragaNya bane /

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 329 * - . (5) (4) bhadrabAhu ne nepAla kI pahAr3iyoM meM mahAprANa-dhyAna kI sAdhanA 12 varSa taka kii|153 usI daurAna svayaM kI icchA na hone para bhI zrIsaMgha kI prArthanA para sthUlabhadra ko 8 varSa meM 8 pUrvo kA adhyayana kraayaa| 54 sthUlabhadra ke sAtha 499 vidyArthI-zramaNa aura bhI pUrvazAstroM ke adhyayanArtha gaye the, kintu eka to dRSTivAda kA abhyAsa atikaThina, dUsare bhadrabAhu svAmI se prApta alpa samaya kI vAcanA, ina donoM ko dekhakara unakA dhairya Dola utthaa| ve vAcanA lie binA hI punaH sva-sthAna ko lauTa aae| 'titthogAliya' ke anusAra 1,500 zramaNa nepAla ge| unameM 500 vidyArthI-zramaNa aura 1,000 zramaNa unakI paricaryA karane vAle the| sthUlabhadra 14 pUrva kA jJAna grahaNa karane meM pUrNa samartha the| kintu zrutamada (jJAnamada) se AkrAnta hone ke kAraNa 4 pUrvo kA arthataH adhyayana unheM nahIM karAyA gyaa| usake lie AcArya bhadrabAhU ne zrIsaMgha kI prArthanA ko bhI mAnya nahIM kiyaa| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki saMgha kI zakti AcArya meM kendrita hotI hai| AcArya hI antima nirNAyaka hotA hai| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke atirikta AcAryoM kI lambI zRMkhalA pAra karane ke bAda eka bhadrabAhu aura hue haiN| unheM hI digambara paramparA ke anusAra candragupta maurya (vIra nirvANa 215) ke guru evaM nimitta jJAnI mAnanA nirvivAda hai| inhoMne hI candragupta ke 16 svapnoM kA phalAdeza batAyA thA aura ye hI (dvitIya bhadrabAhu) dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ke samaya 12,000 sAdhuoM ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora vihAra kara gaye the| dvitIya bhadrabAhu suprasiddha jyotirvid varAhamihira ke sahodara the aura vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM hue the| gautama gotrIya sthUlabhadra AcArya : aSTama paTTadhara zRMgAra aura vairAgya donoM kI parAkASThA kA apUrva aura adbhuta samanvaya karake itihAsa meM nAma amara karane vAle sutIkSNa pratibhA ke dhanI, duSkAla ke AghAta se TUTatI zruta-zrRMkhalA ke saMrakSaka, anupama kAmavijetA AcArya sthUlabhadra kA zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM atyanta gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| AcArya sthUlabhadra kA janma gautama gotrIya brAhmaNa-parivAra meM vIra nirvANa saM. 116 (vikrama pUrva 354) meM pATaliputra meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma (7)

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* 330 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana zakaDAla evaM mAtA kA nAma lakSmI thaa| zakaDAla ke 7 putriyoM evaM 2 putroM kA vizAla parivAra thaa| zakaDAla kI niyukti nanda-sAmrAjya meM uccatama amAtyapada para thii| unakI maMtraNA se hI sAre rAjya kA saMcAlana hotA thaa| ve apane samaya ke sarvocca koTi ke rAjanItijJa, zikSA-vizArada aura kuzala prazAsaka the| unake maMtritvakAla meM rAjyakoSa meM apUrda sImAvRddhi huI thii| lokazruti ke anusAra nanda-sAmrAjya meM nau svarNazaila ke astittva the| tathaiva magadha deza ke antargata kAzI, kauzala, avantI, vatsa aura aMga-jaise bar3e-bar3e rAjya the| aise vikhyAta mahAmAtya ke yahA~ sthUlabhadra kA janma huaa| unake choTe bhrAtA kA nAma zrIyaka thA evaM yakSA, yakSadinnA Adi 7 bahaneM thiiN| sabhI ko mahAmAtya ne ucca koTi kA susaMskArayukta zikSaNa dilvaayaa| una sAtoM putriyoM kI medhA itanI prakhara thI ki azrutapUrva zlokoM ko sunakara tatkAla smRti meM surakSita rakhakara jyoM kI tyoM duharA detI thiiN|155 sthUlabhadra bhI atyanta medhAvI thA, kintu thA kAmabhoga se atyanta udaasiin| usakI aisI vRtti se cintita hue mahAmAtya ne use kAmakalA ke prazikSaNa hetu urvaza.. ke samAna rUpa-sampanna gaNikA 'kozA' ke pAsa bhejaa| SoDazavarSIya navayuvaka sthUlabhadra kozA ke yahA~ pahu~cA ki phira lauTakara ghara Ane kA nAma nahIM liyaa| bAraha varSa kA dIrghakAla vyatIta ho gyaa| jaba magadha ke vidvAna kavIzvara vararuci ne apane apamAna se kSubdha hokara mahAmAtya zakaDAla para 'rAjadroha' kA Aropa lagAyA aura rAjA bhI jaba unheM sandeha kI dRSTi se dekhane lage, taba apane hI putra zrIyaka dvArA ziroccheda karavAkara unhoMne aTUTa rAjabhakti kA paricaya diyaa|156 zakaDAla kI mRtyu ke pazcAt sthUlabhadra ke pAsa amAtyapada grahaNa karane ke lie narezvara nanda ne nimaMtraNa bhejA to sthUlabhadra kI moha-tandrA ko eka jhaTakA-sA lgaa| unhoMne cintana kI gaharAI meM DubakI lagAI-yaha (amAtya kA) pada sadaiva rAjA se hI anuzAsita rahA hai, rahatA hai| mere pitA kI mRtyu kA pramukha kAraNa bhI yahI bnaa| ataH mere lie yahI zreyaskara hai ki maiM rAjataMtra ke prapaMcoM meM par3akara apanI AtmA ko akalyANa kI ora na le jAkara, sva-para-kalyANakAraka zramaNa-patha para le jaauuN| phalataH sthUlabhadra ne preya se zreya kI ora yAnI bhoga se yoga kI ora jAne kA nizcaya karake AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke caraNoM meM pahu~cakara 30 varSa kI vaya meM, vIra nirvANa 146 (vikrama pUrva 324) meM zramaNa-dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| saMyama grahaNa ke bAda unhoMne

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 331 * AcArya sambhUtavijaya se AgamoM kA talasparzI adhyayana kiyaa| tadanantara guru-AjJA prApta kara kozA gaNikA kI citrazAlA meM cAturmAsa vyatIta kara sAdhu-jIvana kA ujjvala ucca Adarza sthApita kiyA ki sabhI loga kaha uThekAjala kI koTharI meM rahakara bhI ve bedAga rhe| AcArya sambhUtavijaya se bhI unheM duSkara-mahAduSkara kriyA ke sAdhaka kA sammAna prApta huaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu se unhoMne samagra caturdaza pUrva kA jJAna atyanta dhairya ke sAtha grahaNa kiyaa| yadyapi kiMcit jJAnapada ke daNDasvarUpa arthavAcanA to ve do vastu kama dazapUrva kI hI le pAye the, antima 4 pUrva kI unheM mUla pATha-vAcanA hI prApta huii| AcArya bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa saM. 170 (vikrama pUrva 300) meM Arya sthUlabhadra AcAryapada para pratiSThita hue| atyanta dakSatA ke sAtha AcAryapada kA nirvahana karate hue vaibhAragiri para 99 varSa kI vaya meM 15 dinoM kA anazana kara vIra nirvANa 215 (vikrama pUrva 255) meM ve svargavAsI hue| Arya sthUlabhadra zramaNa-ziromaNi evaM mahAn tejasvI AcArya the| maMgalAcaraNa meM tIrthaMkara prabhu mahAvIra aura gaNadhara gautama ke pazcAt ApakA nAmasmaraNa Apake viziSTa vyaktittva kA sUcaka hai|157 vizeSa jJAtavya (1) sthUlabhadra ne apane para atyanta anurakta kozA gaNikA ko adhyAtma kA marma samajhAkara vratadhAriNI zrAvikA bnaayaa| usane apane zeSa jIvana meM pUrNa brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana kiyaa| magadha-samrATa udAyI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt prathama nanda ke samaya se navama nanda ke samaya taka nirantara mahAmAtya zakaDAla ke pUrvapuruSa kalpaka hI magadha ke mahAmAtya pada para suzobhita hote rahe the| navama nanda ke mahAmAtya kA nAma zakaTAra yA zakaDAla thaa| AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke svargArohaNa se pUrva madhya pradeza meM bhISaNa duSkAla par3A thaa| phalataH zruta (zAstroM) kA parAvartana (pArAyaNa) na hone ke kAraNa ekAdazAMgI ke pATha bhI vismRta hone lage the|158 bArahaveM dRSTivAda kA jJAtA eka bhI zramaNa nahIM bacA thaa| usa samaya AgamoM kI prathama bRhad vAcanA pATaliputra meM vIra nirvANa saM. 160 meM kI gii| yaha vAcanA svargastha AcArya sambhUtavijaya ke ziSya Arya sthUlabhadra ke tattvAvadhAna meM huI thii| (3)

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* 332 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana (4) AcArya bhadrabAhu hI usa samaya zramaNasaMgha ke mAtra eka AcArya the, jinheM caturdaza pUrva kA sampUrNa jJAna thaa| ve usa samaya nepAla meM mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| sthUlabhadra Adi muniyoM ko 8 varSa taka unhoMne pratidina 7 vAcanAe~ denA svIkAra kiyA thaa|159 / / (5) AcArya sthUlabhadra ke AcAryatvakAla ke 44 varSa bIta jAne para vIra nirvANa saM. 214 meM zvetAmbikA nagarI meM ASADhAcArya ke ziSyoM se tIsare nihnava avyaktavAdI kI utpatti huI thii| (6) bhAratIya itihAsa kI dRSTi se Arya sthUlabhadra kA yuga rAjya-parivartana athavA rAjya-viplava kA yuga rhaa| bhArata para yUnAniyoM ke AkramaNa, mahAn rAjanItijJa cANakya kA abhyudaya, nandarAjya kA patana aura maurya rAjya kA udaya, ye saba Arya sthUlabhadra ke kAla kI pramukha rAjanaitika ghaTanAe~ haiN| vIra nirvANa 200 meM bhArata ke uttara-pazcima pradeza meM yUnAna ke zAha sikandara (elekjeMDara dI greTa) ne eka prabala senA lekara AkramaNa kiyaa| IsA pUrva 323 meM baibilona pahu~cate-pahu~cate sikandara kI mRtyu ho gaI thii|160 (7) sthUlabhadra AcArya ke do yugapradhAna ziSya the-Arya mahAgiri evaM Arya suhstii|61 jinakalpatulya sAdhanAzIla AcArya mahAgiri : navama AcArya Arya mahAgiri eka medhAvI tathA jinakalpatulya sAdhanA karane vAle mahAmanA AcArya the| unakA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 145 (vikrama pUrva 325) meM huaa| ve elApatya gotrIya the| 30 varSa kI umra meM unhoMne AcArya sthUlabhadra ke samIpa dIkSA grahaNa kii| AcArya hemacandra ke matAnusAra Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI ina donoM kA lAlana-pAlana AryA yakSA ne kiyA thaa| isa kAraNa ina donoM zramaNavIroM ke nAma ke sAtha 'Arya' zabda jur3a gayA hai|162 ___ katipaya vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI mantavya hai ki jina muniyoM ke sAtha Arya zabda saMlagna hai, vaha inake tapa kA anusaraNa kara kiyA gayA hai, parantu hamArI dRSTi se yaha kevala kalpanA hI hai, kyoMki mahAgiri ke pUrva bhI zramaNoM ke nAma ke sAtha Arya zabda vyavahRta huA hai| dIkSA grahaNa ke pazcAt Arya mahAgiri ne Arya sthUlabhadra se 10 pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyaa| jIvana kI sAndhya-belA meM Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI, ina donoM ko AcArya sthUlabhadra ne apanA

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 333 * uttarAdhikAra pradAna kiyaa|63 kintu Arya suhastI aura Arya mahAgiri meM paraspara vAtsalya kI atyadhikatA ke kAraNa donoM sAtha-sAtha vicaraNa karate the|164 Arya mahAgiri AgamoM ke gambhIra jJAtA the| unhoMne aneka zramaNoM ko Agama kI vAcanAe~ pradAna kii|165 Arya suhastI-jaise medhAvI AcArya bhI unheM apane guru-sadRza mAnakara unakA sammAna karate the| eka dina Arya mahAgiri ke antaHkaraNa meM yaha cintana sphuTita huA ki 'Atma-vizuddhi kI mahatI sAdhanA-jinakalpa hai, jo isa samaya vicchinna hai, tathApi vaha tapa bhI pUrvabaddha karmoM ko naSTa kara sakatA hai| mere aneka medhAvI ziSya sUtra aura artha ke pUrNa jJAtA ho cuke haiM aura Arya suhastI saMgha kA dAyitva vahana karane meM samartha haiN| ataH maiM unheM gaNa kA bhAra sauMpakara jinakalpatulya sAdhanA meM saMlagna ho jaauuN|' phalataH saMgha kA dAyitva Arya suhastI ko sauMpakara Arya mahAgiri zmazAna bhUmi meM jAkara sAdhanA meM tallIna ho ge|166 unake dvArA dhAraNa kiye gae aneka abhigrahoM meM se AhAra kA abhigraha vizeSa kaThora thaa| 'upadezamAlA' kI bRhad vRtti meM unake AhAra se sambandhita abhigraha kA eka prasaMga hai-eka bAra pATaliputra ke vasubhUti zreSThI ko vizeSa upadeza dene hetu Arya suhastI vahA~ pdhaare| usa samaya Arya mahAgiri bhI anAyAsa hI ukta zreSThI ke yahA~ padhAra ge| unheM dekhate hI Arya suhastI ne uThakara unheM vandana kiyaa| jaba Arya mahAgiri lauTa gae to zreSThI ne pUchA-"kyA ye mahAmuni Apake guru haiM ?' Arya suhastI ne kahA-"hA~, ye mere guru haiM; viziSTa sAdhaka aura ghora tapasvI haiN| gRhastha ke yahA~ jo AhAra nIrasa, rUkSa aura pheMkane yogya hotA hai, use hI ye grahaNa karate haiN|" Arya suhastI ke isa prakAra kahane para vasubhUti zreSThI ke mana meM Arya mahAgiri ke prati zraddhA-bhaktibhAva jgaa| unhoMne apane pArivArika janoM se kahA ki ye (Arya mahAgiri) mahAn tapasvI kadAcit apane yahA~ bhikSA ke lie padhAreM to inake abhigraha kI pUrti yoM kahakara karanA ki "hama yaha bhojana bAhara pheMkane vAle haiM, Apa ise grahaNa kiijie|' eka dina Arya mahAgiri zreSThI ke yahA~ bhikSA ke lie pdhaare| zreSThI ke yahA~ bar3hiyA modaka taiyAra rakhe the| usake parijanoM ne kahA-"mahAmune ! hamane bahuta hI bar3hiyA bhojana kara liyA hai| ataH ina modakoM kI icchA nahIM rahI aura hama inheM bAhara pheMkane vAle hI the| acchA huA, Apa padhAra ge| Apa inheM grahaNa kiijie|" isa prakAra anunaya-vinaya karane para bhI Arya mahAgiri ne ve modaka grahaNa nahIM

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* 334 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana kiye|67 jaba Arya suhastI mile, taba unhoMne kahA-"usa dina vasubhUti zreSThI ke yahA~ Apane jo merA sammAna kiyA, usake kAraNa mere lie unake ghara kA AhAra aneSaNIya bana gyaa|" Arya suhastI ne natamastaka hokara apanI bhala ke lie unase kSamA mA~gI aura bhaviSya meM isa bhUla kI punarAvRtti nahIM hogI, aisA vacana diyaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki ve kitane kaThora abhigrahadhArI zramaNa the|168 kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM Arya mahAgiri ke 8 pramukha ziSyoM kA ullekha hai-(1) uttara, (2) balissaha, (3) dhanAkSya, (4) zrIADhya, (5) kauNDinya, (6) nAga, (7) nAgamitra, aura (8) rohgupt| inameM se uttara aura balissaha ye bahuta hI prabhAvazAlI the| unase kauzAmbika, zuktimatikA, koDavAnI aura candranAgarI; ye cAra zAkhAe~ nikalI aura rohagupta se trairAzika mata prakaTa huaa| nihnava paramparA meM rohagupta kA chaThA krama hai|69 / / __ Arya mahAgiri 30 varSa kI vaya meM zramaNa bane aura 70 varSa kI Ayu meM AcAryapada para pratiSThita hue| tatpazcAt 30 varSa taka AcAryapada kA gauravapUrNa nirvAha kara vIra nirvANa saM. 245 (vikrama pUrva 225) meM mAlava pradeza ke gajendrapura nagara meM ve svargavAsI hue| elApatya gotrIya Arya suhastI : dasaveM paTTadhara ___ vAziSTha gotrIya Arya suhastI kA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 191 (vikrama pUrva 279) meM huaa| unhoMne tIsa varSa kI vaya meM AcArya sthUlabhadra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| kintu AcArya sthUlabhadra kA svalpa samaya ke pazcAt svargavAsa ho jAne se unhoMne Arya mahAgiri ke pAsa pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyaa| vIra nirvANa saM. 245 (vikrama pUrva 225) meM ve AcAryapada para AsIna hue| ___ AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra ve eka bAra kauzAmbI padhAre, usa samaya vahA~ bhayaMkara duSkAla thaa| eka bhikhArI ko kaI dinoM se khAne ko kucha nahIM milaa| vaha bhikSATana ke lie jA rahe zramaNoM ke pIche-pIche claa| zramaNoM ko eka zreSThI ne apane yahA~ zraddhA-bhaktipUrvaka svAdiSTa bhojana-sAmagrI pradAna kii| rAste meM calate samaya usane zramaNoM se kahA-"Apako jo bhojana-sAmagrI milI hai, usameM se mujhe bhI kucha deN|" zramaNoM ne kahA-"hama guru Adeza ke binA kucha bhI nahIM de skte|' vaha bhikhArI zramaNoM ke sAtha upAzraya meM AyA aura AcArya suhastI se bhojana kI yAcanA kii| AcArya suhastI ne usakA ceharA dekhA aura jJAnopayoga se jAnA ki yaha raMka bhaviSya meM jinazAsana kA AdhAra bnegaa|170

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 335 W | Mann in dolla ataH Arya suhastI ne usa raMka se kahA - "yadi tuma zramaNadharma svIkAra karo to hama tumheM apane niyamAnusAra AhAra de sakate haiM, gRhastha ko nhiiN|" raMka ne socA- 'bhUkha se chaTapaTAkara marane kI apekSA to zramaNadharma svIkAra karanA acchA hai|' 171 AcAryazrI ne use zramaNadharma kA svarUpa, mAhAtmya aura phala ke viSaya meM smjhaayaa| isa para zramaNadharma - pAlana ke lie udyata hone para use AcArya ne dIkSA pradAna kI / dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda navadIkSita muni ko unhoMne bharapeTa sarasa AhAra karAyA / kintu kaI dinoM kA bhUkhA hone se usane adhika mAtrA meM sarasa bhojana kara liyaa| 172 phalataH zvAsa nalikA meM zvAsa - vAyu kA saMcAra ruka jAne se atyadhika pIr3A huI / AcArya zrI sahita sabhI sAdhu usakI paricaryA meM lage hue the / AcAryazrI ne use prazasta bhAvanA aura saMyama kA mahattva smjhaayaa| usakA AyuSyadIpa bujhatA dekha sAgArI saMthArA karA diyA / usI dina prazasta bhAvanA se usa sAdhu ne AyuSya pUrNa kiyA aura avantI - nareza azoka ke pautra- kuNAla ke putra - samprati ke rUpa meM janma liyA / pUrvakRta puNya evaM dharmaniSThA ke phalasvarUpa vaha mahAn sAmrAjya kA adhikArI banA / eka dina rAjakumAra samprati mahala ke gavAkSa meM baiThA huA thaa| nIce rAjapatha se AcArya suhastI ko sAdhu-maMDalI sahita jAte dekhakara vaha vizeSa rUpa se cintana karane lagA ki yaha AkRti pUrva-paricita lagatI hai / UhApoha karate-karate jAtismaraNa jJAna huA, jisase pUrvabhava kA sArA citra usake smRti paTa para camaka utthaa| vaha apane prAsAda se nIce utarakara AcArya suhastI ke samakSa hAtha jor3akara khar3A ho gayA / parama jJAnI AcArya ne upayoga lagAyA to usakA pUrvabhava unake mastiSka meM calacitra kI bhA~ti camaka utthaa| tatpazcAt samprati ne gadgada hokara kahA - " bhagavan ! Apa mere parama upakArI guru haiN| maiM ApakA dharmaputra huuN| mujhe Adeza deM, jisase merA jIvana maMgalamaya aura Apake asIma RNa se uRNa ho ske|" AcArya suhastI ne kahA - " jisa dharma ke prabhAva se tumheM yaha sampadA prApta huI hai, usa dharma kA pAlana karo aura usa dharma kI prabhAvanA karo / " samprati ne Arya suhastI se zrAvaka vrata aMgIkAra kiyA aura apane sAmantoM tathA rAjya karmacAriyoM ko bhI jaina- saMskAra pradAna kiye| phira usane apane subhaToM ko zramaNa veza pahanAkara Andhra, dravir3a (tamilanADu), mahArASTra Adi ( usa samaya ke) anArya pradezoM meM preSita kiye, tAki ve vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ko zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra se saMyama-niyamoM se paricita kara ,

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1.126 4 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana ske| jaba vahA~ ke kSetra zramaNoM ke vihAra ke yogya ho gae to samprati ne AcAryazrI se apane zramaNoM ko una-una sulabha kSetroM meM bhejane kI prArthanA kii| isa prakAra rAjakumAra samprati ne dharma-pracAra meM sahayoga dekara dharma-prabhAvanA kii|173 eka bAra Arya suhastI vAhanakuTTI nAmaka sthAna meM virAje hue the, taba rAtri ke prathama prahara meM nalinIgulma nAmaka adhyayana kA svAdhyAya kara rahe the ki avanti sukumAla ne sunA to use yaha suparicita lgaa|74 UhApoha karate-karate jAtismaraNa jJAna ho jAne se apanA pUrvabhava jAnA ki maiM pUrvabhava meM nalinIgulma vimAna meM thaa| use yaha dhuna lagI ki mujhe nalinIgulma vimAna meM deva bananA hai| AcAryazrI ke pAsa Akara sAdhu-dIkSA grahaNa karane kI utkaTa icchA pragaTa kii| AcAryazrI ne saMyamamArga kI kaThoratA aura usakI sukumAratA kA pratipAdana karake smjhaayaa| usake dRr3ha Agraha ko dekhakara AcAryazrI ne dIkSA kA pATha pddh'aayaa| dIkSA lete hI usane yAvajIvana anazana vrata grahaNa kiyA aura zmazAna bhUmi meM pahu~ca gyaa| naMge paira calane se pairoM se rakta kI dhArAe~ bahane lgiiN| eka raktapipAsu siyAranI kAyotsargastha muni ke pAsa pahu~cI aura kramazaH prathama pahara meM muni ke paira, dUsare pahara meM jaMghA, tIsare pahara meM udara aura cauthe pahara meM samUce zarIra ko khA gii| munivara uttarottara vizuddha bhAvoM meM Age bar3hate gae aura vahA~ se kAladharma prApta kara nalinIgulma vimAna meM deva bne| unakI gRhastha-pakSIyA 32 patniyoM meM se 31 patniyoM ne dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| AcArya suhastI hI ina sabake saMyamamArga ke preraka bne| ___ Arya suhastI kA ziSya-parivAra atyadhika vizAla thaa| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra unake ziSya sthaviroM se aneka gaNa bne| sthavira rohaNa se uddehagaNa, sthavira zrIgupta se cAraNagaNa, bhadra se uDupATitagaNa, RSigupta se mAnavagaNa, kAmardhi se vezapATikagaNa tathA anya aneka avAntaragaNa bhI nikle| Arya suhastI ke samaya jainadharma kA bahuta pracAra, prasAra aura vikAsa huaa| avanti aura saurASTra meM jainadharma kA prabhAva bddh'aa| Arya suhastI ne 30 varSa kI umra meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura 70 varSa kI vaya taka saMyama kI ArAdhanA kii| vIra nirvANa saM. 292 (vikrama pUrva 178) meM ApakA avanti meM svargavAsa huaa| Arya suhastI taka eka mAtra AcArya hI gaNa ke anuzAsana kI aura zikSaNa kI donoM vyavasthAe~ sa~bhAlate the| parantu AcArya suhastI ke pazcAt gaNa kI rakSA

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 337. -.-.-. karane vAle ko gaNAcArya tathA gaNa kI zaikSaNika vyavasthA sa~bhAlane vAle ko vAcanAcArya kahA jAne lgaa| gaNAcArya paramparA ko gaNadhara vaMza kahA gyaa| isa kAraNa yugapradhAna AcAryoM kI paramparA eka gaNa se hI sambandhita nahIM rhii| kaI gaNoM meM yugapradhAna prabhAvazAlI sAdhaka hue| kauzika gotrIya Arya balissaha : gyArahaveM paTTadhara __ AcArya balissaha apane yuga ke eka prabhAvazAlI AcArya the| ye mahAgiri AcArya ke ATha pramukha ziSyoM meM se eka the| inakA gotra kAzyapa thaa| Arya mahAgiri ke svargavAsI hone ke pazcAt ye zruta-sampanna hone ke kAraNa vAcanAcArya ke rUpa meM niyukta hue| AcArya balissaha ke gaNa kI prasiddhi uttara balissaha ke nAma se hai| AcArya balissaha ke jyeSTha gurubhrAtA kA nAma 'bahula' thA, unakA upanAma 'uttara' thaa| ataH donoM gurubhrAtAoM ke nAma para gaNa kA nAma uttara balissaha pdd'aa|175 AcArya devavAcaka ne AcArya balissaha ko vandana karate hue kahA "tatto kosiyagottaM bahulassa sarivvayaM vNde| 176 himavanta sthavirAvalI ke anusAra samrAT khAkhela ne kumAragiri parvata para zramaNa-sammelana kA bhavya Ayojana kiyA thaa| usa sammelana meM AcArya balissaha samupasthita the| unhoMne vidyAnupravAda pUrva se aMgavidyA-jaise mahattvapUrNa grantha kI racanA kii| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra uttarabalissaha gaNa se cAra zAkhAe~ nikalI haiM-(1) kausambikA, (2) sUktimatI, (3) koDavANI, aura (4) cndnaagrii|177 AcArya balissaha kA kAla vIra nirvANa 245 (vikrama pUrva 225) mAnA jAtA hai| hArita gotrIya Arya svAti evaM Arya zyAma : bArahaveM-terahaveM paTTadhara Arya svAti evaM Arya zyAma donoM hArita gotrIya the| Arya svAti Arya balissaha ke ziSya the| Arya zyAma Arya svAti ke ziSya the| jaina paramparA meM kAlaka nAma ke cAra AcArya hue haiN| unameM prathama kAlaka--AcArya zyAmAcArya ke nAma se vizruta haiN| zyAmAcArya ko ho devavAcakagaNI ne vAcanAcArya mAnA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne zyAmAcArya ko AcArya guNADhya ke pazcAt yugapradhAna AcArya mAnA hai| Apa apane yuga ke dravyAnuyoga-vyAkhyAtA yugapradhAna evaM

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* 338 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana mahAprabhAvaka AcArya the| ApakA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 280 (vikrama pUrva 190) meM huaa| Apane vIra nirvANa saM. 300 (vikrama pUrva 170) meM ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| usa samaya Apa 20 varSa ke the| 'ratnasaMcaya prakaraNa' ke anusAra-ApakI prakRSTa pratibhA se prabhAvita hokara caturvidha saMgha ne Apako vIra nirvANa saM. 335 (vikrama pUrva 135) meM yugapradhAna AcArya ke pada para pratiSThita kiyaa|178 Apane 41 varSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya aura vAcanAcArya rahakara jinazAsana kI prabala prabhAvanA kii| dravyAnuyoga ke viziSTa jJAtA zyAmAcArya ne prajJApanA-jaise vizAla Agama kI racanA kii| upAMga-sAhitya meM prajJApanA kA viziSTa sthAna hai| isameM vividha viSayoM para pRthak-pRthak 36 pada haiN| aura jIva, karma, bhASA, jJAna Adi pRthak-pRthak viSayoM kA vyavasthita DhaMga se isameM saMyojana kiyA gayA hai|179 AcArya zyAma kI prajJA prakhara evaM nirmala thI, isa kAraNa prajJApanAsUtra ko AgamoM meM gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta huaa| 'vicArazreNI' meM ullekha hai ki zyAmAcArya nigoda ke viziSTa vyAkhyAkAra the| eka bAra saudharmendra ne sImandhara svAmI se nigoda viziSTa vyAkhyA sunii| isa para unhoMne sImandhara svAmI se pUchA-"bhagavan ! kyA bharata kSetra meM bhI nigoda ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA karane vAlA koI AcArya, upAdhyAya yA zramaNa hai?'' sImandhara svAmI ne AcArya zyAma kA nAma prastuta kiyaa| saudharmendra vRddha brAhmaNa ke veza meM AcArya zyAma ke pAsa aae| unhoMne AcArya kA jJAna-bala jAnane hetu apanA hAla unake sAmane rkhaa| __ AcArya zyAma ne gambhIra dRSTi se unakI ora dekhakara kahA-"tuma mAnava nahIM, deva ho|" phira saudharmendra ne nigoda ke sambandha meM apanI jijJAsA prastuta kii| Arya zyAma se nigoda kI sAMgopAMga vyAkhyA sunakara saudharmendra ne kahA"maiMne nigoda ke sambandha meM jaisA vivecana sImandhara svAmI se sunA, vaisA hI vivecana Apase sunakara bahuta hI prabhAvita huA huuN|" indra (saudharmendra) kI rUpa-sampadA ko nihArakara koI zramaNa nidAna na kara le, isa dRSTi se bhikSAcarI ke lie gaye hue muniyoM ke Agamana se pUrva hI saudharmendra zyAmAcArya kI prazaMsA karate hue jAne lgaa| zyAmArya ne kahA-"jarA ruka jAo, ziSyoM ko Ane do|' saudharmendra ne kahA-"maiM isa samaya ruka nahIM sktaa| AcArya ke nirdeza se saudharmendra ne upAzraya kA dvAra pUrvAbhimukha se

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana *339 pazcimAbhimukha kara diyaa| ziSya bhikSA lekara lauTe to dvAra ko parivartita dekhakara vismita hue| AcArya se saudharmendra ke Ane kI ghaTanA sunii| prajJApanAsUtra ke prArambha meM Arya zyAma kI stutiparaka do gAthAoM meM unheM vAcaka vaMza kA teIsavA~ puruSa batAyA hai| kintu paTTakramAnusAra AcArya zyAma terahaveM paTTadhara AcArya hote haiN| 'vicArazreNI' tathA TIkAkAra ne 'vAcakAH pUrvavidaH' arthAt vAcaka kA artha pUrvavid karake gaNadharoM ko bhI vAcaka mAnakara gaNadharoM ko sammilita karake zyAmAcArya ko teIsavA~ vAcaka batAyA hai|180 cU~ki gaNadharoM kA mukhya kArya AgamoM kI vAcanA denA thA, isa dRSTi se gaNadharoM ko vAcaka kahanA merutuMga AcArya kA kathana yuktiyukta hai| nigoda-vyAkhyAtA zyAmAcArya kA zAsanakAla 41 varSa taka calatA rhaa| jainazAsana kI prabala prabhAvanA kara vIra nirvANa 376 (vikrama pUrva 94) meM 96 varSa kI umra meM ve svargavAsI hue| dvitIya kAlakAcArya dvitIya kAlakAcArya bhI inhIM zyAmArya (kAlakAcArya) ke samakAlIna hue haiN| ve dhArAnagarI ke vairasiMha rAjA ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma surasundarI thaa| inakI laghu bahana kA nAma sarasvatI thaa| guNAkara muni ke pAvana pravacana ko sunakara kAlakakumAra aura sarasvatI ne pravrajyA grahaNa kii| ajor3a vidvattA aura pratibhA ke kAraNa guru ne unheM AcAryapada pradAna kiyaa|181 ujjayinI ko rAjA gardabhilla sAdhvI sarasvatI ke adbhuta saundarya ko dekhakara mugdha ho gayA aura rAjapuruSoM dvArA sAdhvI sarasvatI kA apaharaNa kara liyaa| AcArya kAlaka, amAtyagaNa, zrAvakasaMgha tathA prajAjanoM ke samajhAne para bhI vaha sAdhvI ko antaHpura se mukta karane ko taiyAra na huA to AcArya kAlaka ne sindhutaTavAsI zaka rAjA ko prabhAvita kara use sainya sahita lAkara gardabhilla para AkramaNa kiyaa| use jIvita pakar3akara AcArya kAlaka ke samakSa prastuta kiyA aura rAjyapada se cyuta karake sAdhvI sarasvatI ko bhI mukta kraayaa| sAdhvI sarasvatI aura svayaM ne prAyazcitta lekara punaH dIkSA grahaNa kii| atIva prabhAvazAlI vyaktittva hone se saMgha kA netRtva AcArya kAlaka ko punaH sa~bhAlanA pdd'aa| anya kaI ghaTanAe~ inase sambandhita haiM, para yahA~ Avazyaka na hone se nahIM dI jA rahI haiN|

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* 340 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana kauzika gotrIya Arya SANDilya ( zANDilya ) : caudahaveM paTTadhara mAthurI yugapradhAna paTTAvalI ke anusAra AcArya zyAma ke pazcAt Arya SANDilya hue haiM / haiM / ye kAzyapa gotrIya the / ye jIta vyavahAra ke pratipAlana meM atyanta jAgarUka the / 182 sANDilyagaccha kA prArambha inhIM se huA thA aura vaha gaccha Age calakara candragaccha meM sammilita ho gyaa| Arya SANDilya kA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 306 meM huA aura 22 varSa kI umra meM unhoMne zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| 48 varSa taka sAmAnya zramaNa- paryAya meM rahe / vIra nirvANa saM. 376 meM Apako vAcanAcArya aura yugapradhAna AcArya, ye donoM pada pradAna kiye ge| Apane 38 varSa taka yugapradhAna AcArya pada para rahakara jinazAsana kI prabala prabhAvanA kI / Arya samudra evaM Arya maMgU : pandrahaveM - solahaveM paTTadhara AcArya himavanta sthavirAvalI aura nandI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra AcArya SANDilya ke uttarAdhikArI AcArya samudra the / AcArya devavAcaka jI ne Apake lie jina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, usase spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki Apako dvIpa, samudra Adi kA viziSTa jJAna thaa| ApakI kIrti AsamudrAnta taka vyApaka thI tathA pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI Apa samudra ke samAna akSubdha evaM gambhIra the / 183 vIra nirvANa saM. 414 meM Apa vAcanAcArya pada para AsIna hue / 40 varSa taka AcAryapada para rahakara Apa jainadharma kI prabala prabhAvanA karate rahe / vIra nirvANa saM. 454 meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| zIlAMkAcArya ne AcArya samudra ke jIvana kA eka prasaMga diyA hai - jIvana sAndhyabelA meM AcArya zrI kA jaMghA - bala kSINa ho gayA thA, jisase ve vihAra na kara ske| eka sthAna para hI avasthita rahe aura apanI zeSa Ayu vahIM pUrNa kI / 184 Arya samudra ke jIvana kA dUsarA prasaMga 'nizIthacUrNi' meM milatA hai - ve AhAra ke viSaya meM bahuta anAsakta the / bhikSA meM jo bhI AhAra prApta hotA, use svAda kI apekSA kiye binA, sabhI padArthoM ko eka sAtha milAkara prazAnta bhAva se usakA upabhoga kara lete the| unake antarmAnasa meM ye vicAra - lahariyA~ sadA taraMgita hotI rahatIM ki kahIM maiM rasoM meM Asakta hokara navIna karma na bA~dha luuN| isalie ve sadA anAsakta rahate the / 185

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 341 * Arya maMgU Arya samudra ke ziSya evaM uttarAdhikArI the| vIra nirvANa saM. 454 meM ve vAcanAcArya pada para AsIna hue| Apa jJAnI, dhyAnI aura samyak darzana ke prabala pracAraka the| Apa apane ziSyoM ko kuzalatApUrvaka sUtra aura artha kI vAcanA dete the| jIvana ke USAkAla aura madhyAhnakAla meM Apa bahuta hI jAgarUka sAdhaka the| isIlie AcArya devavAcaka ne AcArya maMgU ko vandana karate hue likhA hai-- "AcArya maMgU Agama-adhyetA, AcAra-kuzala, sUtra aura artha kA mAnasika cintana karane vAle, paravAdI-vijetA, pravacana-prabhAvaka, jJAna-darzana-cAritra guNa-sampanna zruta-samudra pAragAmI evaM dhRtidhara AcArya the|" jIvana ke sandhyAkAla meM AcArya maMgU apanI sAdhanA meM zithila ho gae the| nizItha bhASya aura cUrNi meM unake jIvana kA eka prasaMga hai-eka bAra AcArya maMgU apane ziSyoM ke sAtha mathurA pdhaare| vairAgya se chalachalAte hue pravacanoM ko sunakara mathurA-nivAsiyoM ke hRdaya meM dhArmika bhAvanAe~ ubuddha huiiN| ve zraddhA-bhaktivaza unheM vastra, pAtra tathA snigdha, sarasa, svAdiSTa AhAra Adi pratidina pratilAbhita karane lge| pratidina sarasa, svAdiSTa AhAra prApta hone se rasalolupatAvaza AcArya maMgU ne vahIM sthiravAsa rahane kA vicAra kara liyaa| jo AcArya eka dina ugra kriyAvAdI the, ve pramAdI ho ge| sadoSa AhAra AsaktipUrvaka sevana karane kI unhoMne AlocanA nahIM kii| isa prakAra pramAdabhAva meM anArAdhaka banakara Ayu pUrNa karake ve yakSayoni meM utpanna hue| jJAna ke dvArA unhoMne apanA pUrvabhava jAnA aura socane lage-'aho ! maiMne jihvAlolupatAvaza yaha durgati-duryoni prApta kI hai| jinadharma prApta karake bhI maiM sAdhanA se bhraSTa ho gyaa|' caturdazapUrva kA jJAtA bhI yadi pramAda ke adhIra ho jAe to anantakAla meM utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra ve 'hAya ! maiMne kitanA pApa kara liyA"-yoM pApoM ke lie pazcAttApa karane lge|186 ___ eka dina yakSa (maMgU ke jIva) ne apane ziSyoM ko dekhA aura socA ki merI taraha ina ziSyoM kI bhI durgati na ho jaae| ataH inheM pratibuddha kara denA caahie| ziSyoM ko pratibaddha karane hetu vaha (yakSa) apanI jIbha bAhara nikAlakara lapalapAne lgaa| usake isa vicitra rUpa ko dekhakara ziSya mana hI mana socane lage - 'yaha aisA vicitra rUpa banAkara hameM kucha kahanA cAhatA hai| ataeva unhoMne kahA- "devAnapriya ! Apa apane asalI svarUpa ko prakaTa karake spaSTa kareM ki Apa hameM kyA kahanA gahate haiM ?' yakSa ne kahA- 'he tapasviyo ! pUrvabhava meM maiM tumhArA guru maMgU thaa|87 jihvAlolupatAvaza hone se merI yaha durgati huI hai ki .

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* 342 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana maiM yakSayoni meM paidA huA huuN| ataH maiM tumase yaha kahanA cAhatA hU~ ki tuma bhUlakara bhI jihvAlolupa mata bnnaa| cAritra kA samyak pAlana krnaa|' sabhI ziSya yakSa ke dvArA pratibuddha hue| unhoMne kahA-"hama saMyama-sAdhanA meM zithila nahIM hoNge| utkRSTa saMyama-sAdhanA kara jIvana ko pAvana bnaaeNge|" isa prakAra maMgU AcArya yakSayoni pAkara pazcAttApapUrvaka pApa-prakSAlana karake Atma-zuddhi kI dizA meM Age bar3hane lge| Arya dharma evaM Arya bhadragupta : satrahaveM-aThArahaveM paTTadhara ___ Arya dharma mUrtimAn dharma the| ye Arya sudharmA se lekara Arya dharma satrahaveM paTTa para AsIna hue the| Arya dharma ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotaa| inake uttarAdhikArI aThArahaveM paTTa para Arya bhadragupta hue| __ AcArya bhadragupta dazapUrvadhara the| ve jyotiSa vidyA ke prakANDa paNDita the| AcArya vajra svAmI dazapUrvo kA vivecana jJAna prApta kiyaa| AcArya bhadragupta kA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 428 meM huA thaa| vIra nirvANa saM. 449 meM ikkIsa varSa kI Ayu meM inhoMne ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kI tathA vIra nirvANa saM. 494 meM ve yugapradhAna AcArya ke pada para AsIna hue| aura 39 varSa taka jinazAsana-sevA karane ke bAda vIra nirvANa saM. 533 meM ApakA svargavAsa huaa| ___ yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA hai ki AcArya bhadragupta kA kAla AcArya vajra svAmI se kucha pahale kA hai| kAlakrama kI dRSTi se AcArya samudra aura AcArya maMgU kA kAla dvitIya kAlakAcArya se pahale kA hai; jabaki AcArya bhadragupta kA kAla dvitIya kAlakAcArya ke pazcAt kA hai| vratoM meM vajravat sudRr3ha Arya vajra svAmI : unnIsaveM paTTadhara AcArya vajra svAmI kA jIvana aneka vilakSaNatAoM se sampanna thaa| ve bAlyakAla se hI zrutapAragAmI evaM utkRSTa cAritra-sampanna tathA saMsAra kI mohamAyA se virakta the| avantI deza ke antargata tumbavana nagara meM Arya vajra kA janma huA thaa| unakI mAtA kA nAma sunandA thA, pitA kA nAma thaa-dhngiri| sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati jalakamalavata nirlipta dhanagiri ne anicchA se dhanapAla zreSThI kI putrI sunandA se vivAha kiyaa| patnI ke garbhavatI hone ke bAda dhanagiri ne usakI sahamati lekara yuvAvasthA meM hI gRha tyAgakara AcArya siMhagiri ke samIpa dIkSA

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nandI sUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 343 grahaNa kii| sunandA ne jaba zizu ko janma diyA to usakA janmotsava manAte samaya usakI sakhiyoM ne use ghera rakhA thA / sakhiyoM ne kahA - "yadi isa zizu ke pitA dhanagiri jaina zramaNa na banate aura yahA~ upasthita hote to janmotsava kA rUpa kucha aura hI hotA / " sakhiyoM ke paraspara vArttAlApa ko navajAta zizu ne sunA to usakA dhyAna usI bAta para vizeSa rUpa se kendrita huA / UhApoha karate-karate jJAnAvaraNa-karma ke kSayopazama hone se bAlaka ko jAtismaraNa jJAna utpanna ho gayA / 188 usane cintana kiyA ki mere pUjya pitA aura mAmA ( samita Arya) ne saMyama grahaNa kiyA hai to mere lie bhI yahI mArga zreSTha hai / parantu saMyama-patha kA pathika banane meM merI mA~ kI mamatA bAdhaka banegI / ataH mA~ kI mamatA ke gAr3ha bandhana ko zithila karane ke lie bAlaka ne rudana karanA prArambha kiyaa| sadA rote rahane se usakI mA~ na to sukhapUrvaka so sakatI thI, na hI uTha-baiTha sakatI thI aura na bhojana kara sakatI thii| bAlaka ke rudana ko kama karane ke lie sunandA ne bahuta prayatna kiye, parantu saba vyartha hue| chaha mahIne taka satata rudana ke kAraNa sunandA khinna ho gaI / eka dina AcArya siMhagiri tumbavana meM pdhaare| dhanagiri aura samita muni bhI unake sAtha the| Arya samita aura dhanagiri bhikSA ke lie jAne lage to siMhagiri AcArya ne unase kahA - "pakSI kA svara mujhe zubhasUcaka lagatA hai, isalie Aja tumheM bhikSA meM sacitta, acitta jo bhI prApta ho, le aanaa|" dhanagiri aura samita Arya ne guru kA Adeza zirodhArya karake cala par3e sunandA ke ghara kI ora / vahA~ pahu~ce to zizu ke anavarata rudana se parezAna sunandA ne donoM ko vandana karake dhanagiri muni se nivedana kiyA- "putra ke satata rudana ne mujhe khinna kara diyA hai| saMtAna kI surakSA kA bhAra mAtA-pitA donoM para hotA hai / itane dina isakA lAlana-pAlana maiMne kiyA hai, aba Apa ise sa~bhAleM / " dhanagiri ne socakara kahA - "tuma agara saharSa ise detI ho to maiM svIkAra karU~gA, kintu bhaviSya meM tuma ise vApasa na le sakogI, na hI koI Apatti uThAogI, soca lo / " sunandA ne kahA- "Arya samita aura ye merI sakhiyA~ isa bAta kI sAkSI haiM, maiM bhaviSya meM apane putra ko lene ke lie koI prazna upasthita nahIM kruuNgii|"189 sunandA ke atyAgraha se chaha mAsa ke ukta bAlaka ko dhanagiri ne apanI jholI meM grahaNa kara liyaa| dhanagiri ke pAsa Ate hI apanA uddezya saphala huA dekha bAlaka ne ronA baMda kara diyA / dhanagiri bAlaka ko jholI meM lekara guru ke pAsa pahu~ce / 1

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* 344 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana AcArya siMhagiri ne jholI apane hAtha meM lI to bahuta hI bhArI lagI / unhoMne kahA - "yaha vajrasama kyA uThA lAye ho ?" kholakara dekhA to saumya vadana, tejasvI bhAla aura camakate hue divya netra dekhakara AcAryazrI ko lagA"yaha bAlaka dharma kI apUrva prabhAvanA kregaa|" AcAryazrI ke mukha se nikale hue 'vajra' zabda ke kAraNa zizu kA nAma 'vajra svAmI' rakha diyaa| AcAryazrI sAdhviyoM ke upAzraya kI zayyAtara mahilA ko vajra ke lAlana-pAlana kA bhAra sauMpa diyaa| saMgha kI dharohara samajhakara vaha mahilA zrAvikA mA~ kI taraha usakA lAlana-pAlana karane lagI / bAlaka vajra kA adhikAMza samaya pAlikA mAtA ke sAtha zramaNiyoM ke pAsa hI vyatIta hotA thA, isalie unake mukha se svAdhyAya sunate-sunate use gyAraha aMgoM kA jJAna kaNThastha ho gayA / 190 yadA-kadA sunandA upAzraya meM sAdhviyoM ke darzanArtha AtI to apane priya putra ko muskarAte dekha usakI mamatA jAga utthtii| usane apane putra ko le jAne ke lie nivedana kiyA to sAdhviyA~ tathA pAlikA zrAvikA ne kahA- "tuma ise gurudeva ko de cukI ho / gurudeva ke Adeza ke binA hama tumheM ise nahIM de sktiiN|" punaH AcArya siMhagiri jaba tumbavana meM padhAre to sunandA ne muni dhanagiri se putra kI mA~ga kI / dhanagiri muni ne kahA - "tumane Arya samita aura apanI sakhiyoM kI sAkSI se putradAna diyA, aba usa para tumhArA nahIM guru kA adhikAra hai|" sunandA ne rAjadarabAra meM nyAya kI mA~ga kii| rAjA ne muni - saMgha ko AmaMtrita kiyaa| donoM hI pakSoM kI bAta sunakara ghoSaNA kI - "yaha bAlaka apanI icchA se jisake pAsa jAnA cAhe, usI kA hai|" rAjA ne pahalA avasara mA~ ko diyaa| usane khilaune, miThAI Adi AkarSaNa kI vastue~ bAlaka ko dikhAIM, para bAlaka kathamapi sunandA kI ora AkarSita na huaa| phira dhanagiri muni ne bAlaka ke sAmane rajoharaNa rakhakara kahA - " vatsa ! tU tattvajJa hai / karmaraja ko haraNa karane ke lie yaha rajoharaNa tere sAmane hai|" bAlaka ne prasanna mana se uchalakara rajoharaNa hAtha meM le liyaa| rAjA ne nyAya diyA- 'bAlaka muni - saMgha kA hai / " isa nyAya ke bAda sunandA ne socA- 'mere pati aura sahodara bhAI zramaNa haiM aura putra bhI zramaNa banane ke lie lalaka rahA hai| ataH aba mujhe bhI gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara kyA karanA hai ? usane bhI AcArya siMhagiri ke pAsa hI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura sAdhvI saMgha meM mila gaI / 191 vIra nirvANa 504 (vikrama saM. 34) meM bAlaka vajra ne 8 varSa kI vaya meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| bAlaka vajra muni sAdhvAcAra-saMhitA ke prati pUrNa niSThAvAn the /

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 345 * isIlie nandI sthavirAvalI meM kahA gayA hai-"tava-niyama-guNehiM virsmN|" arthAt tapa, niyama Adi guNoM se sampanna vajra ke samAna sudRr3ha AcArya vajra svAmI ko vandana karatA huuN| unake ina guNoM kI kaI bAra kasauTI huI, usameM vaha pUrNatayA uttIrNa huii| eka bAra AcArya siMhagiri vajra muni Adi ke sAtha vihAra karate hue kisI parvata kI talahaTI meM pahu~ce, tabhI ghanaghora varSA zurU ho gii| varSA se bacane ke lie ve giri-guphAoM meM praviSTa hue| tabhI vajra muni ke pUrvabhava ke mitra jRmbhakadeva ne vaikriya-zakti se vahA~ paTamaNDapa banA diyA aura AhAra bnaayaa| vajra muni ko AhAra lene ke lie bhejane kI deva ne eka zreSThI ke rUpa meM Akara vinatI kii| vajra muni varSA banda hone para ve pahuMce to upayoga lagAkara dekhA ki vaha AhAra devapiNDa hai, AdhAkarmI-doSayukta hai| ataH grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| eka bAra grISma Rtu meM bhikSA ke lie ghUma rahe the| jRmbhakadeva ne mAnava rUpa banAkara bhavana meM padhArane aura AhAra lene kI prArthanA kii| kintu bhavana meM praviSTa hote hI deva ne miThAI se bharA thAla prastuta kiyaa| magara vajra muni ne devabhikSu samajhakara grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| deva ne vajra muni kI jAgarUkatA ko dekhakara prasanna hokara gaganagAminI vidyA pradAna kii| ___ vajra muni zruta sampadA ke dhanI the| unheM padAnusAriNI labdhi prApta ho gaI thI jisase ve eka pada sunakara usase sambandhita sau pada kA smaraNa kara lete the| eka bAra AcArya siMhagiri zaucArtha bAhara gaye hue the| upAzraya meM ekAkI vajra muni hI the| unheM Agama-vAcanA dene kI bhAvanA jaagii| zramaNoM ke upakaraNoM ko pratIka rUpa meM zramaNa mAnakara rakhe aura vAcanA denA prArambha kiyaa| Agama-vAcanA dene meM itane tallIna ho gae ki unheM samaya kA dhyAna nahIM rhaa| AcAryazrI ke Agama kI gAthAoM ke artha sune to ve bhAva-vibhora ho gae ki kitanI spaSTa vyAkhyA aura vivecana hai| Arya vajra kI jJAna-garimA dekhakara ve prasanna hue| Arya siMhagiri ke vihAra karane ke bAda AgamapAThI muniyoM ko vAcanA kA kArya vajra muni ne sNbhaalaa| pratibhA ke dhanI, Arya vajra kA pUrvo ko vizeSa adhyayana karane hetu siMhagiri AcArya ne AcArya bhadragupta ke pAsa bhejaa| Arya vajra ko pAkara vayovRddha AcArya bhadragupta ko prasannatA huii| unhoMne vajra muni ko dazapUrvo taka kA adhyayana kraayaa| adhyayana pUrNa karake ye punaH AcArya siMhagiri ke pAsa phuNce|

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_346 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana siMhagiri ne bhI apane jIvana kA sandhyAkAla jAnakara vIra nirvANa saM. 548 (vikrama saM. 78) meM Arya vajra muni ko AcAryapada para niyukta kiyA / 192 AcArya vajra svAmI kuzalatApUrvaka saMgha kA netRtva karate hue 500 zramaNoM ke sAtha bhArata ke vibhinna aMcaloM meM vicaraNa karane lage / 193 eka bAra AcArya vajra svAmI pATaliputra pdhaare| vahA~ ke rAjA ne unakA bhavya svAgata aura abhivandana kiyaa| pATaliputra kI janatA unake pAvana pravacana sunakara bahuta hI prabhAvita huI / kSIrAsrava-labdhi aura rUpaparAvartana-labdhi ke dhAraka vajra svAmI ke rUpa aura guNoM kI prazaMsA cAroM ora phaila rahI thI / vahA~ ke vipula dhana-sampanna dhana zreSThI kI rUpavatI kanyA rukmiNI ne mana hI mana pratijJA le lI ki maiM vajra svAmI ke sAtha hI pANigrahaNa karU~gI, anyathA maiM agni- jvAlA kI zaraNa grahaNa karU~gI / putrI kI cintA se vyathita dhanazreSThI zatakoTi sampatti aura putrI rukmiNI ko sAtha meM lAkara AcArya vajra svAmI ke pAsa pahu~ce aura unheM zatakoTi dhana lekara apanI rUpavatI putrI ko svIkAra karane kI prArthanA kii| kintu AcArya vajra svAmI kisI bhI mUlya para isa pralobhana ke Age nahIM jhuke / pratyuta dhana zreSThI ko kAmabhogoM se hone vAle mahAvinAza kA svarUpa samajhAyA / dhanazreSThI ko samajhAyA ki yadi tumhArI putrI mujha para anurakta hai to vaha jJAna, darzana, cAritra se yukta zramaNadharma kA svIkAra karake merA anusaraNa kare / 194 AcArya vajra svAmI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara rukmiNI ne ArhatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| AcArya vajra svAmI ne AcArAMgasUtra ke mahAparijJA adhyayana se gaganagAminI vidyA prApta kI thii| .195 eka bAra ve pUrva bhArata se vihAra karake uttara bhArata meM pdhaare| usa samaya vahA~ bhayaMkara duSkAla hone se janatA kSudhA se pIr3ita thI / usa samaya unhoMne apanI vidyA ke bala para eka vizAla caddara bichA dI aura zayyAtara sahita sAre saMgha ko usa caddara para biThAkara uttara bhArata kI mahApurI nagarI meM laae| vahA~ para bhI rAjanaitika saMkaTa upasthita hone se ve saMgha ko AkAzamArga se mAhezvarI udyAna meM le gye| vahA~ sabane paryuSaNa parva kI samyak ArAdhanA kii| usa avasara para hajAroM logoM ne jainadharma svIkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra dharmazAsana kI prabhAvanA karate hue ve dakSiNAMcala meM pdhaare| 196 vahA~ eka bAra kaphaja vyAdhi kI zAnti ke lie lAyA huA sauMTha kA Tukar3A vApasa denA bhUla jAne se unheM apanI smRti kSINatA kA bhAna tathA AyuSya kI

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 347* alpatA kA jJAna huaa| sAtha hI jJAna-bala se yaha bhI jAnA ki bhaviSya meM bhayaMkara duSkAla par3ane vAlA hai| ataH unhoMne apane ziSya vajrasena ko Adeza diyA ki ve 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha sopAraka deza kI ora jAyeM aura subhikSa na ho jAye taba taka usI kSetra meM vicaraNa kreN| unhoMne usI prakAra kiyaa| Arya vajra svAmI jisa kSetra meM vicara rahe the, vahA~ anazanapUrvaka una sabane samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra vajra svAmI ne vIra nirvANa saM. 584 meM svargArohaNa kiyaa| vajra svAmI 8 varSa taka gRhasthAzrama meM rhe| 80 varSa taka saMyama kA pAlana kiyaa| 36 varSa taka yugapradhAna AcArya ke rUpa meM rhe| isa prakAra unakI kula Ayu 88 varSa kI huii| vajra svAmI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt daza pUrva aura caturtha ardha-nArAca-saMhanana kA viccheda ho gyaa|97 Arya vajrasvAmI ke nAma para vAjrIzAkha kA prAdurbhAva huaa| anuyogarakSaka AryarakSita : bIsaveM paTTadhara yugapradhAna AcAryoM kI paramparA meM AryarakSita kA viziSTa sthAna hai| madhya pradeza ke antargata dazapura (vartamAna meM mandasaura) nagara meM vIra nirvANa saM. 522 (vikrama saM. 52) meM unakA janma huaa| unake pitA kA nAma somadeva aura mAtA kA nAma rudrasomA thA, jo jaina zrAvikA, udAra hRdayA aura atimadhurabhASiNI thii| pitA somadeva rAjapurohita aura kalAvid bhI the| AryarakSita ke choTe bhAI kA nAma phalgurakSita thaa| donoM hI putra medhAvI the|198 unhoMne vedoM kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana kiyA thaa| kintu AryarakSita kA jijJAsu mana vizeSa adhyayana karane ke lie lalaka rahA thaa| ataH pitA kI anumati lekara adhyayana hetu pATaliputra phuNce| alpa samaya meM hI adhyayana karake dazapura lautte| rAjapurohita hone se dazapura-nareza ne tathA nAgarikoM ne AryarakSita kA abhivAdana evaM viziSTa sammAna kiyaa| sabhI ke dvArA sammAna prApta kara AryarakSita mAtA rudrasomA ke pAsa phuNcaa| kintu mAtA ne sAmAyika meM hone se use badhAI aura AzIrvAda nahIM diyaa| mA~ kA AzIrvAda na milane se AryarakSita ke cehare para udAsI chA gii|199 unhoMne mAtA se isakA kAraNa pUchA to usane kahA-"vatsa ! tUne varSoM taka laukika zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA hai, para jisa adhyayana se Atmabodha na ho, vaha adhyayana jIvana ke lie sArthaka nahIM hai| maiM cAhatI hU~ ki tU lokottara zAstra-'dRSTivAda' kA adhyayana kr|" AryarakSita ne mA~ se pUchA-"mAtAjI ! dRSTivAda kA adhyayana karAne vAlA kauna prAdhyApaka hai?' rudrasomA bolI

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348 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana " vatsa ! ikSuvATikA meM Arya tosaliputra virAjamAna haiM, ve dRSTivAda ke jJAtA haiN| tuma unake pAsa jAkara dattacitta hokara adhyayana kro| " mA~ kA AzIrvAda lekara AryarakSita dUsare dina prAtaHkAla hI ikSuvATikA kI ora cala pdd'aa| mArga meM unheM apane pitA ke mitra vRddha brAhmaNa nau pUrNa aura AdhA ikSu lie hue milA / AryarakSita ko usane AzIrvAda diyaa| AryarakSita ne ikSudaNDa dekhakara anumAna lagAyA ki maiM sArdha nau pUrvoM kA adhyayana kara sakU~gA / 200 ikSuvATikA meM pahu~cakara DhaDDhara nAmaka zrAvaka ko AcArya ko vandana karate dekha usI vidhi se AryarakSita ne AcArya toSaliputra ko vandana kiyA aura apane Ane kA prayojana btaayaa| AcArya ne kahA - "dRSTivAda ke adhyayana ke lie tumheM zramaNa bananA Avazyaka hai|" AryarakSita ne saharSa svIkRti de dii| ataH AcArya toSaliputra ne vIra nirvANa saM. 544 (vikrama saM. 74) meM AryarakSita ko zramaNa-dIkSA dI aura vahA~ se anyatra vihAra kara diyaa| AcArya toSaliputra ne apanA sArA jJAna vinIta AryarakSita ko saharSa pradAna kara diyA | 201 vizeSa adhyayana ke lie unhoMne AryarakSita ko Arya vajra svAmI ke pAsa jAne kA nirdeza diyA / 202 AryarakSita ne vahA~ se prasthAna kiyA aura rAste meM avantInagarI meM virAjita vajra svAmI ke vidyAguru AcArya bhadragupta ke darzanArtha phuNce| unase jaba vajra svAmI ke pAsa adhyayanArtha jAne kA jikra kiyA to AcArya bhadragupta ne kahA - "tumhArI bhAvanA prazaMsanIya hai| para isa samaya merA antima samaya nikaTa hone se tuma mujhe saMlekhanA - saMthArApUrvaka samAdhimaraNa meM sahayoga do / " AryarakSita ne prasanna mana se dattacitta hokara unakI sevA kI, jisase prasanna hokara unhoMne AzIrvAda diyaa| isa prakAra AcArya bhadragupta ke svargavAsa hone para AryarakSita ne vihAra kiyA aura AcArya bhadragupta ke parAmarzAnusAra apane AhAra, zamanAdi kI vyavasthA alaga kI / Arya vajra svAmI ko AryarakSita ke adhyayanArtha Ane kA patA cala gayA / ataH AryarakSita ke pahu~cane para unhoMne use dRSTivAda par3hAnA prArambha kiyaa| Arya rakSita kI buddhi tIkSNa hone se adhyayana drutagati se cala rahA thaa| isI bIca unake saMsAra - pakSIya mAtA-pitA kA sandeza lekara unakA choTA bhAI phalgurakSita AyA aura kahA - "mAtA-pitA Apake darzana ke lie tarasa rahe haiM, ataH zIghra hI darzana dene padhAro / " AryarakSita ne anAsaktabhAva se sunA aura phalgurakSita se kahA--" bhAI ! yaha saba moha kA nATaka hai| jisake kAraNa sArA saMsAra

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 349 - duHkhI ho rahA hai| tU bhI moha ko chor3akara apanA jIvana saMyama sAdhanA meM lagA / prabuddha hokara phalgurakSita ne bhI AryarakSita ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / kintu phalgurakSita bAra-bAra AryarakSita ko mAtA-pitA ke darzana dene kI yAda dilAtA / kintu AcArya vajra svAmI se unhoMne adhyayana ke bAre meM pUchA to unhoMne kahA"abhI to sarasoM ke eka dAne jitanA par3hA hai, merugiri jitanA par3hanA bAkI hai| jaba nau pUrvo kA adhyayana pUrNa kara liyA aura dazaveM pUrva kA AdhA adhyayana pUrNa ho gayA, taba AryarakSita ne Arya vajra svAmI se mAtA-pitA ko darzana dene hetu dazapura jAne kI AjJA mA~gI / Arya vajra svAmI gambhIra ho gaye aura jJAna-bala se apanA AyuSya kama hai, punaH milana nahIM ho sakegA / dazaveM pUrva kA jJAna mere sAtha hI vicchinna ho jAyegA / " ataH anicchA se unhoMne AjJA pradAna kI, apane vyavahAra ke lie kSamA maaNgii| AryarakSita aura phalgurakSita donoM vajra svAmI ko vandana kara pahale dIkSA-pradAtA AcArya tosaliputra ke pAsa pATaliputra pahu~ce / AcAryazrI ne AryarakSita ko yogya samajhakara AcAryapada pradAna kiyA / AryarakSita AcArya banakara dazapura pahu~ce / 203 * jaba phalgurakSita muni ke sAtha AcArya AryarakSita ne binA kisI ADambara ke ghara meM praveza kiyaa| isa para pitA somadeva ne kahA- "yaha acchA nahIM kiyaa| eka naye utsava ke sAtha maiM nagara meM praveza karAnA cAhatA thA; dUsare, tumheM zramaNa-veza kA tyAgakara gRhasthAzrama kA veza pahanakara vivAhAdi karanA cAhie thaa| to hama donoM kI AtmA ko santoSa hogA / ' AcArya AryarakSita ne kahA"ina sAMsArika sambandhoM se lAkha gunA behatara hai dhArmika sambandha / usI se ubhaya jIvana saphala ho skeNge| yadi ApakA hArdika prema hama para hai to zramaNa banakara hamAre sAtha gurucaraNoM meM clie|" pitA somadeva ne dIkSA grahaNa karanA svIkAra kiyA / parantu unhoMne kahA- "maiM chatra, janeU, kopIna aura pAdukA rkhuuNgaa|" AryarakSita ne yaha socakara chUTa de dI ki kucha dinoM bAda ye vastue~ apane Apa chUTa jaayeNgii| ye cAroM cIjeM somadeva muni ke zarIra para rahIM, taba taka bAlakoM Adi ne anya sAdhuoM ko to vandana kiyA, kintu somadeva muni ko nahIM karate the, yaha kahakara ki yaha jaina- zramaNa ke veza meM nahIM haiN| somadeva muni ne ise apanA apamAna samajhA aura svayaM unhoMne apane hAthoM ye cAroM cIjeM kramazaH utArakara rakha diiN| svayaM una cIjoM kA tyAga karake jaba jaina zramaNocita veza meM ho gaye, taba sabhI jaina zrAvaka varga unheM vandana karane lgaa| aba somadeva muni saMyamamArga meM tathA muni-sAdhanA meM sthira ho gaye /

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* 350 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana vizeSa jJAtavya (1) AryarakSita ke pUrva zramaNa eka pAtra rakhate the, parantu yuga-parivartana ke sAtha AryarakSita ne cAturmAsa meM do pAtra rakhane kI naI paramparA pracalita kii|204 dUsarA mahattvapUrNa kArya yaha huA ki unase pahale AgamoM kA adhyayana nayoM aura cAroM anuyogoM ke sAtha hotA thA, kintu Agama adhyayana kI yaha vyavasthA bahuta hI jaTila aura kaThina thii| AcAryazrI ne usa para gahana cintana kiyA aura AgamAdhyayana vyavasthA ko sarala banAne ke lie AgamoM ko dravyAnuyoga, caraNakaraNAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga aura dharmakathAnuyoga ina cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiye|05 isa vibhaktikaraNa ke kAraNa jina pApoM se jo anuyoga spaSTataH pratibhAsita hotA thA, usa pradhAna anuyoga ko rakhakara zeSa anya gauNa arthoM kA pracalana banda kara diyaa| jaise-gyAraha aMgoM, mahAkalpasUtra aura chedasUtroM kA caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM, RSibhASitoM, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA Adi kA dharmakathAnuyoga meM, sUryaprajJapti Adi kA gaNitAnuyoga meM aura dRSTivAda kA dravyAnuyoga meM samAveza kiyA gyaa| isake pazcAt nayAvatAra anAvazyaka ho gyaa|206 (2) itihAsakAroM ke matAnusAra yaha Agama-vAcanA vIra nirvANa saM. 592 ke lagabhaga huii| isa Agama-vAcanA meM Arya nandila, gaNAcArya vajrasena tathA yugapradhAnAcArya AryarakSita Adi upasthita the| Agama-vAcanA kI dizA meM yaha eka zaikSaNika krAnti thii| AryarakSita ke tejasvI vyaktittva ke atyadhika prabhAva ke kAraNa unake dvArA kI gaI yaha anuyoga-vyavasthA zrIsaMgha ne nirvirodha svIkAra kii|207 (3) AryarakSita ke aneka ziSya the, unameM se tIna ziSya-durbalikApuSyamitra, ghRtapuSyamitra evaM vastrapuSyamitra, viziSTa labdhi-sampanna the|208 (4) AryarakSita kA vihAra-kSetra avanti, mathurA aura dazapura ke AsapAsa thaa| unake jIvana se sambandhita aneka ghaTanAe~ ina nagaroM se sambandhita haiN| unhoMne 13 varSa taka yugapradhAna AcAryapada para rahakara jainadharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA kii| (5) ApakI Ayu ke sambandha meM itihAsavijJoM meM do matabheda haiN| kitane hI vijJa unakI Ayu 75 varSa kI aura kitane hI 95 varSa kI mAnate haiN| 95

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 351 varSa kI Ayu mAnane vAloM ke anusAra AryarakSita kA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 502 (vikrama saM. 32) meM siddha hotA hai| 75 varSa kI Ayu kI mAnyatA vAloM ke anusAra unakA janma vIra nirvANa saM. 522 meM tathA vIra nirvANa saM. 544 meM 22 varSa kI vaya meM dIkSA-grahaNa aura vIra nirvANa saM. 584 meM yugapradhAna AcArya-padArUr3ha honA tathA 75 varSa kI sarva Ayu pUrNa kara vIra nirvANa saM. 597 meM svargavAsI honA siddha hotA hai| jo bhI ho, AryarakSita sthitipAlaka nahIM the| ve svastha paramparA ke poSaka the| krAntikArI siddhAnta-sammata vicAroM ke ve prabala samarthaka bhI the| unhoMne katipaya purAtana paramparAoM ko nayA mor3a diyA aura janamAnasa kI AsthAoM ko TikAne kA puruSArtha kiyaa| Arya nandila kSapaNa, nAgahastI, revatInakSatra evaM Arya siMha : ikkIsaveM se caubIsaveM paTTadhara taka Arya nandila (Arya Anandila) kSapaNa sadaiva jJAna, darzana, tapa, vinaya aura cAritra ke pAlana meM pratikSaNa pramAdarahita hokara sadA udyata (tatpara) rahate the| rAga-dveSa atIva manda hone se ve prasannacitta samAhita manna rahate the| jo muni nizcayapUrvaka vyavahAra dharma meM udyamazIla hote haiM, unhIM ke mana meM sadaiva prasannatA rahatI hai| arthArthI ko tIna loka meM sudurlabha cintAmaNi ratna milane se atIva prasanna ho jAtA hai, vaise hI saMyama-niyamarUpa cAritra ratna milane para kauna prasannatA se otaprota nahIM hotA? nandila zramaNa aise kSapaNa aura guNoM se sampanna the| pichalI Agama-vAcanA AryarakSita ke sAtha Arya kSapaNa bhI Agama-vAcanA upasthita the|209 Arya nAgahastI usa yuga ke anuyogadharoM meM dhurandhara vidvAn the| unakA yazasvI vAcaka vaMza mUrtimAna yazo vaMza kI bhA~ti vRddhi ko prApta ho, aisA kahakara devavAcaka jI ne apanI manomaMgala bhAvanA prakaTa kI hai| sambhava hai, vAcaka vaMza kA udbhava Arya nAgahastI se hI huA ho| vAcaka vaha hotA hai, jo jijJAsuoM aura ziSyoM ko zAstrAdhyayana karAte haiN| vAcaka vaise upAdhyAya pada kA bhI pratIka hai| Arya nAgahastI AcArya (Anandila) nandila kSapaNa ke paTTadhara ziSya the ye vyAkaraNa (saMskRta prAkRta vyAkaraNa) tathA praznavyAkaraNa Adi viSayoM aura bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the tathA piNDavizuddhi, bhAvanA, samiti, bhikSu-pratimAe~, indriya-nirodha, pratilekhana, gupti aura abhigraha, ina sabake samUha

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352 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana rUpa 'karaNa' ke apratima vidvAn the tathA inake sAdhaka aura ArAdhaka bhI the| isI prakAra saptabhaMgI, pramANabhaMgI, nayabhaMgI, gAMgeya anagAra ke bhaMgasamUha tathA anya jitane bhI prakAra ke bhaMga (syAdvAda zailI ke vikalpa) haiM, una sabameM vAcaka nAgahastI kI gati thI / karma - prakRtiyoM ke bhI ve vizeSajJa the| apane samujjvala cAritra aura vidvattA se Arya nAgahastI vAcaka aura AcArya bane / 210 1 isake pazcAt 23veM paTTadhara AcArya revatInakSatra haiM, jo AcArya nAgahastI ke ziSya the / AcArya revatInakSatra jAti sampanna hone para bhI inake zarIra kI dIpti aMjanadhAtu ke sadRza thii| aMjana A~khoM meM ThaNDaka paidA karatA hai tathA cakSuroga bhI miTAtA hai, tathaiva inake darzanoM se bhavya jIvoM ke netroM ko zItalatA prApta hotI hai| isI prakAra inake deha kI kAnti paripakva drAkSAphala tathA nIlotpala kamala athavA nIlamaNi (kuvalaya) vizeSa ke varNa ke sadRza kamanIya thI / sambhava hai, inakA janma revatInakSatra meM huA ho, isa kAraNa inakA nAma revatInakSatra rakhA gayA ho| muni kalyANavijaya jI ne inheM revatImitra batAyA hai| AcArya devavAcaka jI ne inako bhI vAcaka vaMza kA mAnakara vAcaka vaMza kI vRddhi kI kAmanA kI hai| 211 tadanantara 24veM paTTadhara siMhAcArya haiM, jo Arya revatInakSatra ke ziSya the| ye brahmadvIpaka zAkhA se upalakSita the| ye usa samaya meM prasiddha nagara 'acalapura' se dIkSita hue the| dIkSita hone ke bAda inhoMne kAlika zAstroM (zrutoM) kA gahana adhyayana kiyA aura isIlie kAlikazrutoM kI vyAkhyA karane meM niSNAta the / usa samaya ke anya vAcakoM (AcAryo = vAcanAcAryoM) se ye bar3hakara the, uttama vAcaka the| AcArya siMha buddhimAna aura dhairyavAna the, isa kAraNa zrIsaMgha meM suzobhita the| inhIM kA dUsarA nAma Arya brahmadvIpakasiMha (nandIsUtra ke anusAra) thA | jainakAlagaNanA ke anusAra inheM brahmadvIpikA zAkhA ke sthavira siMharatha' bhI kahA gayA hai| kaI vijJa inheM brahmadIpakasiMha bhI likhate haiM / 21 AcArya skandila, AcArya himavanta evaM AcArya nAgArjuna paccIsaveM se sattAIsaveM paTTadhara : vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jainakAlagaNanA ke anusAra AcArya skandila kA janma mathurA ke brAhmaNa parivAra meM huaa| unake pitA kA nAma megharatha aura mAtA kA nAma rUpasenA thA / megharatha aura rUpasenA donoM dharmopAsanA karane vAle,

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 353 jinAjJA - pratipAlaka zrAvaka the| gRhastha jIvana meM AcArya skandila kA nAma somaratha thA / 213 nIlotpala kI bhA~ti zyAmavarNa vAcanAcArya revatInakSatra ke vidvAn ziSya brahmadIpakasiMha AcArya skandila ke guru the| prabhAvaka caritra ke anusAra AcArya skandila vidyAdharI AmnAya ke AcArya pAdaliptasUri kI paramparA ke the / jainazAsanarUpI nandanavana meM kalpavRkSa ke samAna, samagra zrutAnuyoga ko aMkurita karane meM AcArya skandila mahAmegha sama bne| unake lie kahA gayA"cintAmaNiriveSTadaH / " arthAt ve (saMgha para vipatti ke samaya ) cintAmaNi ke samAna iSTa vastu ke pradAtA bane / agAdha jJAna ke dhanI, vAcaka vaMza paramparA ke prabhAvaka AcArya skandila evaM AcArya nAgArjuna vAcanAkAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| ye anuyogadhara AcArya the / 214 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt aba taka cAra vAcanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prathama vAcanA pATaliputra AcArya bhadrabAhu kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna huI thii| usa samaya duSkAla ke prabhAva se zrutadhara muniyoM kI kSati hone para bhI zruta kI dhArA sarvathA vicchinna nahIM huI thii| usake bAda vIra nirvANa kI nauvIM zatAbdI meM dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ke kAraNa zruta vinAza kA mahAn AghAta jainazAsana ko lagA / isa dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla ke prabhAva se aneka zrutadhara muni vaibhAragiri tathA kumAragiri parvata para anazanapUrvaka svargastha ho cuke the| isa avasara para Agamazruta kI mahatI kSati huii| aneka zruta-sampanna muni kAla ke gAla meM samA gaye / sUtrArthagrahaNa evaM unake parAvartana ke abhAva meM rahA-sahA zruta bhI vismRta ho gayA thA / bahusaMkhyaka munigaNa subhikSa vAle sudUra pradezoM meM vihAra kara gaye the| jainazAsana ke sAmane zrutarakSA kA vikaTa prazna thA / aisI vikaTa paristhiti meM duSkAla kI parisamApti ke pazcAt mathurA meM zramaNa-sammelana huaa| sammelana kA netRtva AcArya skandila ne sNbhaalaa| katipaya zruta-sampanna muni isa sammelana meM upasthita hue| jina-jina muniyoM ko jitanA - jitanA smRti meM thA, vaha sarvazruta ekatrita kiyA gyaa| kAlikazruta tathA pUrvazruta saba vyavasthita rUpa se saMkalita kiyA gyaa| isa dvitIya Agama-vAcanA kA samaya vIra nirvANa 827 se 840 (vikrama saM. 357 se 370) kA madhyakAla hai / yaha Agama-vAcanA mathurA meM hone se mAthurI vAcanA kahalAI / AcArya skandila kI adhyakSatA meM hone ke kAraNa ise skandilI vAcanA bhI kahA jAne lgaa|

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* 354 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana skandilI (mAthurI) vAcanA ke viSaya meM katipaya vijJoM kA kahanA hai ki duSkAla ke isa krUra capeTa meM Arya skandila ke sivAya sabhI anuyogadhara kAladharma ko prApta ho gaye the, kevala Arya skandila hI bace the, jinhoMne mathurA meM duSkAla-samApti ke bAda anuyoga pravartana kiyA thaa| ataH yaha vAcanA skandilI vAcanA ke nAma se prasiddha huii|215 ___ kahate haiM-duSkAla samApta hone para mathurA meM Ayojita zramaNoM ke mahAsammelana kI adhyakSatA AcArya skandila ne kI thii| prastuta sammelana meM skandila AcArya ke gurubhAI, AcArya madhumitra, mahAprAjJa AcArya gandhahastI (madhumitra ke vidvAn ziSya) tathA tatsama aneka vidvAn Adi lagabhaga 150 zramaNa upasthita the| ina vidvAn zramaNoM dvArA smRta pAThoM ke AdhAra para AgamoM kA saMkalana huaa| Arya skandila kI preraNA se vidvAn ziSya gandhahastI ne 11 aMgasUtroM para vivaraNa likhaa| AcArya skandila kA guNa-gaurava AcArya skandila ke prati kRtajJatA pradarzita karate hue vAcaka devagaNI likhate haiM-"jinakA vartamAna meM upalabdha yaha anuyoga Aja bhI dakSiNArddha bharata kSetra meM pracalita hai tathA bahuta se nagaroM meM jinakI yazaHkIrti phaila cukI hai, una skandilAcArya ko vandana karatA huuN|" vAstava meM skandilAcArya ne saMkaTakAla meM bhI anuyoga kI rakSA kii| Aja isa arddha-bharata kSetra meM jo anuyoga pracalita hai, vaha unake hI puruSArtha kA madhura phala hai| nandIsUtra ke isa ullekha ke anusAra AcArya skandila ke udAtta vyaktittva kA prabhAva pUre bhArata meM pratIta hotA hai| AcArya devarddhigaNI ne AcArya skandila kI vAcanA ko hI pramukha mAnA thaa| yaha tathya bhI uparyukta gAthA se pramANita hotA hai|216 AcArya skandila kA kAlanirNaya ___ AcArya merutuMga ke anusAra-AcArya skandila kI kAlanirNayatA isa prakAra hai-vikrama saM. 114 meM zrI vajra svAmI kA svargavAsa huaa| AcArya skandila kA samaya Arya vajra ke svargArohaNa ke 239 varSa bAda kA hai| vidvAn muni kalyANavijaya jI ke anusAra-vajra svAmI aura Arya skandila donoM kA madhyavartI samaya 242 varSa hai| vajra svAmI ke bAda 13 varSa AryarakSita ke, 20 varSa puSyamitra ke, 3 varSa vajrasena ke, 69 varSa nAgahastI ke, 59 varSa revatImitra ke, 78 varSa brahmadIpakasiMha ke haiN| kula jor3a hai-242 / isa 242 kI saMkhyA

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 355 * meM vajra svAmI ke 114 evaM anuyoga pravartaka prasiddha vAcanAkAra AcArya skandila ke yugapradhAnakAla ke 14 varSa milA dene se Arya skandila kA samaya vIra nirvANa 827 se 840 taka kA pramANita kiyA gayA hai|217 AcArya himavAn ke viziSTa guNa __ AcArya skandila ke pazcAt himAlaya kI bhA~ti vistRta kSetra meM vicaraNa karane vAle yA mahAn vikramazAlI ananta dhairyayukta aura parAkramI, bhAva kI apekSA se ananta svAdhyAya ke dhAraka AcArya zrI skandila ke ziSya AcArya himavanta ko vandana karatA huuN| AcArya himavAn mahAmanA, pratibhAzAlI, dharmanAyaka evaM pravacana-prabhAvaka the| ye aparimita dhairya aura parAkrama se karmazatruoM kA nAza kara rahe the| AcArya himavAn ko himavAn parvata se upamita karane kA abhiprAya yaha bhI hai ki ve himAlaya kI bhA~ti apanI maryAdA, pratijJA aura saMyama meM acala evaM sudRr3ha the|218 AcArya nAgArjuna kA vyaktittva aura kartRtva isake pazcAt dhRti-sampanna, mahAparAkramI, svAdhyAyI, upasargAdi pratikUlatAoM ko sahane meM sakSama, himAlayavat akampa AcArya nAgArjuna hue| ve vAcanAcArya himavanta (himavAn) ke ziSya the| AcArya devavAcaka ne unakA guNAnuvAda karate hue kahA hai-AcArya nAgArjuna kAlikasUtra sambandhI anuyoga ke tathA utpAda Adi pUrvazAstroM ke dhAraka the| ve himavAn parvata ke samAna kSamAvAn (kSamAdhara) zramaNa the| ve komala, zAnti, mArdava, Arjava, saMtoSa Adi guNoM se sampanna hone se lokapriya the tathA vaya-paryAya evaM dIkSA-paryAya ke krama se vAcakapada ko prApta hue| isI prakAra ve oghazruta yAnI utsarga vidhi kA samAcaraNa karane vAle (utsarga-apavAdamArga ke pUrNa vettA the| vAcanAcArya ke (adhyayana-kalA meM nipuNa labdhavarNa, buddhizAlI prajJA skandha evaM zAnti sarovara) guNoM se yukta the|219 (mAthurI) skandilI vAcanA ke samaya ke AsapAsa eka Agama-vAcanA vallabhI meM huI thI AcArya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meN| ise vallabhI vAcanA yA nAgArjunIya vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi vallabhI aura mathurA donoM jagaha saMghoM kA sammelana huA thaa| smRti ke AdhAra para sUtrasaMkalana hone ke kAraNa . vAcanAdi (pAThabheda) raha jAnA sambhava hai|220

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.. -. -.-. -. -. * 356 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana AcArya govinda aura AcArya bhUtadina : aTThAIsaveM-unatIsaveM paTTadhara AcArya govinda aura AcArya bhUtadinna ina donoM AcAryoM kI guNa-niSpanna vizeSaNoM se stuti evaM vandanA kI gaI hai| AcArya govinda anuyoga-sambandhI vipula dhAraNA rakhane vAloM meM indra ke samAna the tathA kSamA, dayA Adi kI nitya prarUpaNA karane meM indra ke lie bhI durlabha prarUpaka the| jaise sarva devoM meM indra pradhAna hotA hai, vaise hI tatkAlIna anuyogadhara AcAryoM meM govindAcArya yA gopendrAcArya bhI indra ke samAna pramukha the| sAtha hI unameM sadaiva kSamApradhAna dayA thI athavA dayA kA AcaraNa karane ke lie kitanA hI kaSTa sahanA par3e, ve pIche nahIM haTate the| isake pazcAt AcArya bhUtadinna hue haiN| inakI vizeSatA yaha thI ki ve tapa, saMyama kI ArAdhanA-sAdhanA meM bhISaNa kaSTa hone para bhI kheda nahIM mAnate the| sAtha hI ve vidvajjanoM dvArA sammAnita aura sevita the evaM saMyamavidhi ke vizeSajJa the| ___ unakI zArIrika sampadA kA varNana karate hue devavAcaka jI kahate haiMunake zarIra kA varNa tapAye hue uttama svarNa ke samAna yA svarNima varNa vAle campaka puSpa ke samAna athavA khile hue uttama jAti vAle kamala ke garbha-parAga ke tulya pItavarNayukta thaa| ve bhavya prANiyoM ke hRdayavallabha the| janatA meM dayAlutA kA guNa utpanna karane meM vizArada the, dhairyaguNayukta the, tatkAlIna dakSiNArddha bharata kSetra meM yugapradhAna the, bahuvidha svAdhyAya ke parama vijJAtA tathA suyogya sAdhuoM ko yathocita svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vaiyAvRtya Adi zubha kAryoM meM niyukta karane vAle, nAgendra (nAhala) kula kI paramparA ko bar3hAne vAle evaM prANimAtra ko upadeza karane meM suniSNAta, bhavabhIti ko naSTa karane vAle AcArya nAgArjuna RSi ke ziSya zrI bhUtadinna AcArya ko vandana karatA huuN| ___ ina guNoM se spaSTa hai ki AcArya bhUtadinna ahiMsA kA pracAra kevala zabdoM dvArA hI nahIM, balki bhavya prANiyoM ke hRdaya meM isa guNa ke utpAdaka tathA hiMsaka ko ahiMsaka banAne meM dakSa the| unhoMne aneka hiMsaka prANiyoM ko dayAlu banAyA thaa|221 AcArya lauhitya evaM AcArya dUSyagaNI : tIsaveM-ikattIsaveM paTTadhara AcArya lauhitya padArthoM ke nitya-anitya svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnate the ki samasta padArtha dravya se nitya aura paryAya se anitya hote haiN| jainadharma ke siddhAntAnusAra padArtha na to ekAnta nitya hai aura na hI ekAnta anitya hai, balki nityAnitya hai| AcAryazrI apane samaya meM sUtra aura artha ke vizeSajJa the,

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 357 . kyoMki jIvanotthAna, manaHsaMyama, vAk saMyama aura kAya saMyama tathA AgamoM kA adhyayana, manana, cintana evaM nididhyAsana karane se hI ho sakatA hai| padArthoM ko yathAvasthita rUpa se prakaTa karane meM ve siddhahasta the| unake dvArA kI gaI vyAkhyA avisaMvAdI, satya evaM samyak hotI thii|222 isake pazcAt dUSyagaNI ke guNoM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| dUSyagaNI zAstroM ke artha aura mahArtha kI khAna ke samAna the| satra kI vyAkhyA ko artha aura usakI vibhASA, vArtika, anuyoga, naya aura saptabhaMgI Adi ke dvArA viziSTa artha nikAlane kI zakti mahArtha hai| ve viziSTa mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM se sampanna munivaroM ke sammukha sUtra kI vyAkhyA apUrva zailI se karate the| dharmopadeza karane meM dakSa the| zrutajJAna-viSayaka prazna pUchane para unakA pUrNatayA samAdhAna karate the| svabhAva se madhurabhASI hone se aisI zikSA dete, jisase vaha punaH vaisI bhUla apane jIvana meM nahIM hone detaa| unakA zAsana aura prazikSaNa zAnta evaM vyavasthita rUpa se cala rahA thA, kyoMki hitapUrvaka madhura vacana kopa ko utpanna nahIM krtaa| guru ko suziSyoM ko zikSaNa pradAna karane se samAdhi prApta ho sakatI hai, na ki kuziSyoM ko| isake atirikta AcArya dUSyagaNI bAraha prakAra ke tapa, abhigraha Adi niyama dasa prakAra kA zramaNadharma, dasa prakAra kA satya, satraha prakAra kA saMyama, sAta prakAra kA vinaya, kSamA, mArdava, RjutA (saralatA), zIla Adi viziSTa guNoM se vikhyAta the| usa yuga meM jitane bhI anuyogAcArya the, unameM ve pradhAna the| ve pUrvokta vividha guNoM se vibhUSita the aura unake caraNakamala zabda, cakra, padma Adi zubha lakSaNoM se suzobhita the tathA ve (caraNakamala) kamala kI bhA~ti sukumAra evaM sundara the| unakI vANI meM mAdhurya, mana meM svacchatA, buddhi meM sphuraNA zakti tathA pravacana prabhAvanA meM advitIya, cAritra meM samujjvalA, dRSTi meM samatA, karakamaloM meM saMvibhAgatA ityAdi guNoM se ve sampanna the| saikar3oM prAticchikoM dvArA jinake caraNakamala sevita evaM vandanIya the| prAticchika munivara ve kahalAte haiM, jo vizeSa zrutAbhyAsa karane ke lie apane-apane AcArya kI AjJA prApta karake anya gaNa se Akara viziSTa vAcakoM se vAcanA lete haiM yA usI gaNa ke jijJAsu vAcanA grahaNa karate haiN| Asanna upakArI hone se devavAcaka jI ne pUrvApekSayA adhika bhAvabhInI vandanA karate hue kahA-bhagavad vANI ke rahasyoM ko jo apane prAticchika munivaroM ke samakSa vitarita karate haiM yA kholakara rakhate haiM, aise anuyogAcArya dUSyagaNI ke caraNoM meM zatazaH vandana ! 223

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*358 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana pahale katipaya manISiyoM ke matAnusAra kahA jA cukA hai ki devavAcaka aura devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa eka hI haiN| ve anuyogAcArya dUSyagaNI ke ziSya haiN| devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke guNoM ke viSaya meM pahale kaha cuke haiN| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI unakI vizeSatAe~ batAI gaI haiN| ve hI antima vallabhI vAcanA ke sUtradhAra the| anya anuyogadhara kAlikazruta jJAtA AcAryoM ko praNAma sthavirAvalI kA upasaMhAra karate hue AcArya devavAcakagaNI antima (50vIM) gAthA meM kahate haiM-ina (pUrvokta) yugapradhAna AcAryoM ke atirikta anya jo bhI kAlikazrutoM ke jJAtA, yAni aMgazruta aura kAlikazrutoM ke viziSTa jJAtA evaM anuyogadhara dhIra AcArya bhagavanta hue haiM, una sabhI ko natamastaka hokara praNAma karake maiM (devavAcaka) jJAna kI prarUpaNA kruuNgaa|224 isa prakAra arhat vandanA evaM stuti se lekara yugapradhAna sthavira AcArya bhagavaMtoM kI stati karane kA Azaya viziSTa bhAvamaMgalAcaraNa tathA jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, saMyama ke mahAsrota guNavidhiyoM ke prati vinaya-bhakti karanA hai, tAki apane meM jJAnAdi kA ahaMkAra, pratispardhA, IrSyA, pratiSThA, lAlasA Adi durguNoM se sarvathA nirlipta rahA jA ske| pariSad ke tIna prakAra ___ isake pazcAt nandIsUtra ke vAcana-zravaNa ke adhikArI-anadhikArI zrotAoM kI tIna prakAra kI sabhAoM (ajJA, anajJA aura durvidagdhA) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka pariSad (sabhA) ke vividha svabhAvoM kA 14 dRSTAntoM dvArA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai|225 paMcavidha jJAna pramANa kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM samAviSTa tadanantara nandIsUtra ke mukhya viSaya-paMcavidha jJAna (AbhinibodhikajJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna aura kevalajJAna) kA vividha bheda-prabhedoM dvArA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI paMcavidha jJAna ko saMkSepa meM do prakAra se prarUpita kiyA gayA hai-pratyakSa aura prokss| jaina siddhAnta kI dRSTi se pratyakSa ke viSaya meM anya darzanoM ke sAtha matabheda hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra Adi ke do jJAna parokSa haiM aura zeSa tIna jJAna pratyakSa haiN| parantu anya darzana pramANa ke sandarbha meM indriyoM ke sAtha vastu ke sannikarSa se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa aura smRti, pratyabhijJA, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama (zabda) ko parokSa pramANa mAnate haiN|

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 359 T anekAntavAdI samanvayakAraka jainadarzana ne mati- - zrutajJAna ko parokSa mAnate hue bhI sApekSa dRSTi se indriya- pratyakSa aura noindriya-pratyakSa, aise do bheda kiye haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM- paravartI jaina- dArzanikoM ne inheM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa kahA hai / tathaiva smRti, pratyabhijJA, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama (zabda) ko anya darzanoM dvArA parokSa mAnate hue bhI jainadarzana ne ina sabako sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa (saiddhAntika dRSTi se parokSa) kI koTi meM mAnA hai parantu pramANa kI dRSTi se jaba vividha darzanoM kI mAnyatA aura vaizeSika darzana kA vicAra jAnA gayA to niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki nyAyadarzana aura vaizeSikadarzana pratyakSa, anumAna, zabda aura upamAna ye cAra pramANa mAnate haiM sAMkhyadarzana pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda ye tIna pramANa, prabhAkara arthApatti sahita pA~ca pramANa, bhATTa aura vedAntadarzana ye donoM abhAva sahita chaha pramANa mAnate haiM / bauddha pratyakSa aura anumAna ye do pramANa mAnate haiM, jabaki jainadarzana pratyakSa aura parokSa, ye pramANa mAnatA hai| jainadarzana sammata pAramArthika pratyakSa kA lakSaNa yaha hai ki jisa jJAna meM indriya, mana, buddhi, Aloka yA kisI bhI bAhya nimitta kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, sIdhe AtmA kI apanI-apanI yogyatA evaM kSamatA (kSaya, kSayopazama, upazama) ke bala se jo jJAna pragaTa ho, use pratyakSa jJAna kahate haiN| isake tIna bheda haiM - avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna aura kevljnyaan| isake viparIta jo jJAna indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai, aisA aspaSTa jJAna parokSa jJAna kahalAtA hai| spaSTa jJAna ko pratyakSa kahate haiN| vikalAdeza pratyakSa meM AtmA para Aye hue AvaraNa kA pUrNatayA nAza nahIM hotA, jitane-jitane kSayopazama kI taratamatA hotI hai, pratyakSa utanA utanA spaSTa, spaSTatara kahalAtA hai / kintu ekalAdeza pratyakSa meM AvaraNa kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAtA hai| isa apekSA se vikalAdeza pratyakSa meM avadhi aura manaHparyAyajJAna ko tathA sakalAdeza pratyakSa meM kevalajJAna ko parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| 226 jJAna ke vyutpattilabhya artha samyak aura mithyA donoM prakAra ke jJAnoM meM ghaTita hote haiM jJAna kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai - " jJAyate paricchidyate vastu aneneti jJAnam / " - jisake dvArA vastu kA bodha yA viveka hotA hai, vaha jJAna hai / athavA " tadAvaraNa kSayopazamayukto jAnAti svaviSayaM paricchinatti iti jJAnam / " - usa jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya, kSayopazama se yukta hokara jo apane viSaya yA vastusvarUpa ko jAnatA hai, vaha bhI jJAna hai / isa artha ke anusAra sva aura para

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* 360 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana (apane Apako tathA para-padArthoM) ko jAnanA, nizcaya karanA jJAna hai| jJAna ke ina aura aise vyutpattilabhya arthoM ko dekhate hue yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki ye artha jaise jJAna ke haiM, vaise ajJAna (mithyA jJAna yA kujJAna) meM bhI ghaTita hote haiN| ataH zaMkA hotI hai ki nandIsUtra meM varNita paMcavidha jJAna meM kauna-sA jJAna (samyak jJAna, ajJAna, mithyA jJAna) zAstrakAra ko abhISTa hai ?227 adhyAtmazAstra kI dRSTi se samyak jJAna aura mithyA jJAna kA antara isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yoM to besamajha, abodha, ajJa yA pAgala vyakti bhI yA mithyA dRSTi mAnava bhI yA paMcendriya tiryaMca, deva, dAnava, nAraka bhI vastu kI jAnakArI samyak dRSTi kI taraha rakhate haiM, prApta kara lete haiM, una sabake jJAna ko athavA cArvAka, nAstika, ekAntamatavAdI yA mithyAtvI yA narasaMhArArtha yA bhautika jJAna ko saMsAra ke bhogavilAsa rUpa sukhArtha vividha vaijJAnikoM ke bauddhika jJAna ko samyak jJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki saMsArAbhimukhI bhavAbhinandI (mithyAtvI) AtmA cAhe jitanA adhika jJAna prApta kara le, sAre vizva ke bhUgola, khagola, itihAsa, arthazAstra,rAjanItizAstra, kAmazAstra Adi kI jAnakArI ho, una-una viSayoM para vaha hajAroM pRSTha likha sakatA ho, kaI ghaNToM taka una-una bhautika Adi viSayoM para dhArApravAha bola sakatA ho, yadi use samyak dRSTi prApta nahIM hai, usakI dRSTi mokSAbhimukha yA AtmalakSI deva, guru, dharmazAstralakSI nahIM, svAtmA tathA vizva kI AtmAoM ke hita kI dRSTi nahIM hai, AtmA meM pracura mAtrA meM samabhAva, AsthA sahita kaSAyoM kA upazamana, zAnti, dhairya, vairAgya evaM mokSa-prApti kI AkAMkSA na ho to usakA sArA laukika jJAna aura zAstrIya jJAna bhI AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ajJAna hI hai| ajJAna kA artha jJAna kA abhAva nahIM, mithyA jJAna yA kujJAna hai| pramANazAstra yA nyAyazAstra kI dRSTi se pratyeka jJAna, cAhe vaha samyaka ho yA mithyA, sva-para-prakAzaka hotA hI hai| pramANazAstra yA nyAyazAstra kI dRSTi meM jisa jJAna kA viSaya yathArtha ho, use vyavahAra meM pramANa aura samyaka jJAna mAna liyA jAtA hai, tathA jisa jJAna kA viSaya yathArtha na ho, use vyavahAra meM pramANAbhAsa yA asamyaka jJAna (mithyA jJAna) mAnA jAtA hai| parantu adhyAtmazAstra athavA adhyAtmalakSI dharmazAstra meM nyAyazAstra-sammata samyak jJAna asamyak jJAna kA yaha pRthakkaraNa vyavahAra dRSTi se kathaMcit mAnya hone para bhI paramArtha dRSTi se yaha pRthakkaraNa gauNa hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki mokSArthI, mokSAbhimukhI, AtmArthI samyaka dRSTi ke kSayopazama kI kamI se, indriyavikalatA se athavA buddhi-mandatA ke kAraNa kisI viSaya meM use

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 361 * saMzaya ho, bhrAnti ho yA spaSTa jJAna na ho; isake viparIta, mithyAtvI nAstika, saMsArAbhimukhI, bhavAbhinandI, ekAnta bhautikavAdI meM kSayopazama kI adhikatA, buddhi kI prakharatA ho, tathA saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya na ho, bhrAnti yA aspaSTa jJAna kA abhAva ho, usameM apanI bAta dUsaroM ko yuktipUrvaka samajhAne, dUsaroM ke gale utArane aura baragalAne kI pravINatA ho, phira bhI usakA vaha jJAna adhyAtmazAstra kI kasauTI para mithyA hI siddha hogA, kyoMki usameM AtmalakSI zama, sama, AdhyAtmika zrama (svayaM puruSArtha), saMvega, nirveda (vairAgya) anukampA, Atma-paramAtmalakSI AsthA, sarvabhUtoM meM AtmabhAva kI dRSTi tathA Atmaupamya bhAva, samatva evaM mana, vacana, kAya dvArA kI jAne vAlI pratyeka pravRtti meM sarvAtmahita dRSTi na hone se usakA vaha jJAna samyak jJAna kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| jisa samyak dRSTi vyakti kI dRSTi ekAntAgrahI, matAgrahI, mithyAgrahI yA pUrvAgrahI nahIM hotI, usI kA jJAna samyak jJAna hotA hai| ataH jisa jJAna se AtmA sva-para-kalyANa kara sake, saMsAra-vRddhi roka sake, jo jJAna AtmA ko sarvakarmamuktirUpa mokSa kI, svarUparamaNa kI ora le jA sake evaM jisa jJAna se vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ho, jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM sthiratA raha sake, vaha samyak jJAna hai, jisakA phala virati, saMyama, tyAga aura vairAgya hai|228 pratyakSa aura parokSa jJAna ke bheda-prabheda tathA svarUpa kA vistRta varNana isa dRSTi se nandIsUtra meM jJAna ke sandarbha meM samyak jJAna aura mithyA jJAna kA tathaiva samyak zruta aura mithyA zruta kA bhalIbhA~ti nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai aura viveka bhI batAyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa matijJAna aura zrutajJAna evaM avadhijJAna ko jahA~ samyaka jJAna kI koTi meM liyA gayA hai, vahIM mati-ajJAna, zruta-ajJAna evaM vibhaMgajJAna ko ajJAna kI koTi meM lekara spaSTa pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jJAna ke mukhya pA~ca bhedoM ko pratyakSa aura parokSa do rUpoM meM vargIkRta karake tathA sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika pratyakSa kA antara batAkara, sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ko indriya pratyakSa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa ko noindriya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt sarvaprathama pAramArthika pratyakSa ke avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna aura kevalajJAna, ye tIna prakAra batAye gaye haiN| avadhijJAna ke bhavapratyaya aura kSAyopazamika ye do bheda batAkara inake svarUpa kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara avadhijJAna ke AnugAmika Adi chaha bhedoM kA tathA unake svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| phira antagata aura madhyagata avadhijJAna kI vizeSatA

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* 362 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana batAI gaI hai| tadanantara avadhijJAna ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa kSetra kA nirUpaNa karake dravya-kSetrAdi krama se avadhijJAna ke svarUpa tathA inake adhikArI kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt manaHparyavajJAna ke adhikArI kA vizleSaNapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| phira manaHparyAyajJAna ke mukhya do bhedoM ke svarUpa evaM antara kA tathA dravyAdi cAra prakAra se usakI pravRtti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara kevalajJAna ke svarUpa kA tathA bhavastha evaM siddha ko hone vAle kevalajJAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI bhavastha kevalajJAna ke svarUpa aura prakAra kA evaM siddha kevalajJAna ke do prakAroM kA tathA anantarasiddha evaM paramparasiddha kevalajJAna ke svarUpa tathA bheda-prabhedoM kA spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| __isake pazcAt parokSa jJAna ke Abhinibodhika (mati) jJAna aura zruta jJAna, ye do bheda batAye gaye haiN| ye donoM jJAna sAtha-sAtha rahate haiN| zruta jJAna matijJAnapUrvaka hI hotA hai, yaha nirUpaNa karake mati aura zruta ke do rUpa samyak jJAna aura mithyA jJAna kI dRSTi se batAye gaye haiM-mati-jJAna, mati-ajJAna tathA zruta-jJAna, zruta-ajJAna samyaka dRSTi kA zruta zruta-jJAna aura mithyA dRSTi kA zruta zruta-ajJAna hai, yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara Abhinibodhika (mati) jJAna ke zruta nizrita aura azruta nizrita, ye do bheda batAkara azruta nizrita kA svarUpa tathA autpAtikI vainayikI, karmajA aura pAriNAmikI, ye buddhi ke 4 bhedoM ko azruta nizrita meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| cAroM kA lakSaNa tathA svarUpa dRSTAntoM dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai| tadanantara zrutanizrita mati jJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA, ye cAra prakAra haiM, phira avagraha ke arthAvagraha, vyaMjanAvagraha, unake 4 aura 6 bheda tathA avAya, IhA aura dhAraNA ke bheda-prabheda batAkara punaH dravya, kSetra Adi se matijJAna ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt zrutajJAna ke parokSa akSara, anakSara, saMjJi, asaMjJi, samyak, mithyA, sAdika, anAdika, samarthavasita, aparyavasita, gamika, agamika, aMgapraviSTa, anaMgapraviSTa ye 14 bheda batAkara pratyeka kA sAMgopAMga vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI inake bheda, prakAra, adhikArI tathA inakI utpatti ke prakAra bhI batAye gaye haiN| gamika agamika ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue gamika meM dRSTivAda ko tathA agamika meM kAlika ko samAviSTa kiyA gyaa| saMkSepa meM ina dono kA aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| phira aMgabAhya ko

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 363 Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| Avazyaka meM 6 Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta ko kAlika, utkAlika ina do bhedoM meM parigaNita karake donoM ke aneka prakAra batAye gaye haiM / tadanantara aMgapraviSTa zruta meM dvAdazAMgI kA nAmollekha karake pratyeka aMgasUtra meM kyA-kyA viSaya haiM ? usakA byaurevAra varNana kiyA gayA hai / anta meM, bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda kA nirUpaNa karate hue usake pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM- parikrama, sUtra, pUrvagata ( 14 pUrva varNana ), anuyoga aura cUlikA / sAtha hI dvAdaza aMgoM meM bhAva, abhAva, hetu, ahetu Adi kA varNana karake inakI virAdhanA aura ArAdhanA ke phala tathA inake sthAyitva evaM dravyAdi se jAnane-dekhane kI kSamatA aura inake adhyayana kI paddhati kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki jJAna ke sambandha meM sabhI pahaluoM se nandIsUtra meM sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra anta meM zrutajJAna ke 14 bhedoM (akSarazruta, anakSarazruta Adi) kA punaH eka gAthA dvArA ullekha karake zrutajJAna (zAstra) kI paThanavidhi tathA vyAkhyA karane kI vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt zruta ( zAstra ) jJAna kise diyA jAye ? buddhi ke aSTaguNoM dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki zrutajJAnI zAstrajJAna karake sanmArga para cale, samyak cAritra kI ArAdhanA karake mukti prApta kre| samyak cAritra kI ArAdhanA samyak zrutajJAna kI ArAdhanA ke binA nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH sthAnAMgasUtra meM jJAnArAdhanA kA jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa phala bhI batAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI zAstrajJAna ke adhyetA - zrotA ke lie zravaNavidhi kA evaM zAstra ke adhyApanakarttA ke dvArA adhyayana vidhi kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sUtra mUla kA granthA nandIsUta kI racanA gadya aura padya donoM meM hai| isameM eka adhyayana hai tathA 700 anuSTup zloka-pariNAma jitanA isakA mUla pATha hai / varNachandoM meM eka anuSTup zloka hotA hai, jisameM prAyaH 32 akSara hote haiM / yadyapi isa zAstra meM gadya kI bahulatA hai, padya to bahuta kama haiN| lambe-lambe gadyasUtra 57 haiM, aura padyamaya zloka (gAthAe~) 97 haiM / tathApi nandIsUtra ke gadya-padyamaya jitane akSara haiM, yadi una akSaroM ke anurUpa zloka banAye jAe~ to 700 bana sakate haiN| ataH isa sUtra kA granthAgra 700 zloka pariNAma hai| Agama-saMzodhaka muni zrI

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* 364 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana puNyavijaya jI ne isa zAstra ke akSaroM kI gaNanA ke hisAba se 20,686 akSara tathA tadanusAra 646 zloka evaM 14 akSara-parimANa isakA granthaparimANa nirdhArita kiyA hai|229 nandIsUtra para vyAkhyA grantha niyukti ___ AgamoM para likhI huI sabase prAcIna vyAkhyA niyukti hai| AgamoM para jitanI bhI niyuktiyA~ milatI haiM, ve saba padya meM haiN| usakI bhASA prAkRta hai| niyuktiyoM meM pratyeka adhyayana kI bhUmikA tathA prakaraNa se sambandhita viSayoM ke Azaya ko svayaM karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| niyukti ke Adya-praNetA AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI jI mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne AvazyakasUtra, dazavaikAlika, nizIthasUtra, bRhatkalpa, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga evaM sUryaprajJapti Adi sUtroM para niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI hai, kintu nandIsUtra para adyAvadhi kisI bhI niyuktikAra kI niyukti dekhane meM nahIM aaii| itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai, ye niyuktikAra AcArya devavAcakagaNI se pahale hue haiN| nandIsUtra para cUrNi ___ cUrNikAroM meM jinadAsa mahattara kA sthAna prathama paMkti meM AtA hai| cUrNiyA~ prAyaH gadyAtmaka haiN| jaise cUrNa meM aneka vastuoM kA sammizramaNa hotA hai, vaise hI cUrNi kI mukhya bhASA prAkRta hote hue bhI usameM saMskRta bhASA ke atirikta zaurasenI, ardha-mAgadhI Adi dezIya bhASAoM kA bhI sammizraNa hai| cUrNi kI racanA kA lakSya bhI kliSTa viSaya ko vizada karake samajhAne kA rahA hai| jinadAsa mahattara ne AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, nizItha, dazAzrutaskandha evaM nandIsUtra Adi sUtroM para cUrNi kI racanA kI hai| nandIsUtracUrNi kA granthAgra anumAnataH 1,500 gAthAoM ke parimANa jitanA mAnA jAtA hai| nandIsUtra para malayagiri kI bRhat saMskRta vRtti ___ AcArya malayagiri apane yuga ke mahAn dArzanika, Agama vyAkhyAkAra AcArya hue haiN| unhoMne rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, AvazyakasUtra, nandIsUtra Adi AgamoM para dArzanika zailI meM mahattvapUrNa bRhad vRttiyA~ (vyAkhyAe~) likhI haiN| nandIsUtra para Apake dvArA likhI huI prAMjala vyAkhyA vizeSa rUpa se paThanIya hai| jaina saMskAroM se susaMskRta hone

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 365 * se ApakI abhiruci Agamika siddhAntoM kA gUr3ha rahasya pratipAdana karane kI ora rahI hai| Apa vRttikAra hI nahIM, bhASyakAra bhI the| nandIsUtra para Apake dvArA likhI huI bRhad vRtti kA granthAgra 7,732zloka parimita mAnA gayA hai| nandIsUtra para hAribhadrIyA vRtti yAkinI mahattarA ke dharmaputra haribhadrasUri jI brAhmaNa varNa se Ae hue vedavedAMga zAstroM ke vidvAn, jainAgamoM ke anekAnta siddhAnta-samanvita yugapravartaka, samanvayavAdI vyAkhyAkAra hue haiN| Apane apane jIvana meM jaina siddhAntoM ke rahasya kA pratipAdana karane vAle zAstravArtAsamuccaya, SaDdarzanasamuccaya, yogadRSTisamuccaya, viMzativiMzikA dhUrtAkhyAna, samarAiccakahA Adi aneka grantha likhe haiN| AvazyakasUtra, dazavaikAlika, nandIsUtra, prajJApanA Adi katipaya AgamoM para saMskRta meM vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| kahate haiM, Apane apane jIvana meM 1,444 granthoM kI racanA kI, jinameM se Aja to katipaya grantha hI upalabdha haiN| ApakI lekhanI saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM para samAna rUpa se calI thii| nandIsUtra para ApakI likhI huI saMskRta vRtti laghu hotI huI bhI virAT rahasya ko udaghATita karane vAlI hai| usakA granthAgra 2.336 zloka parimita mAnA gayA hai|23deg merutuMgAvArya praNIta vicAra zreNI ke anusAra ApakA samaya vikrama saMvat chaThI zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| haribhadrasUri jI vikrama saM. 585 meM divaMgata hue, isa gAthA ke anusAra chaThI zatAbdI hI pramANita hotI hai|231 nandIsUtra para TippaNI nandIsUtra para candrasUri jI ne 3,000 zloka-parimANa TippaNI bhI likhI hai| nandIsUtragata viSaya ko viSayarUpa se samajhane hetu vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ___ kisI jijJAsu ko nandIsUtragata jJAna ke viSaya ko spaSTa rUpa se samajhanA ho to jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa-praNIta vizeSAvazyaka bhASya tathA usa para koTyAcArya kI saMskRta TIkA dekhanI caahii| yaha AgamoM kA manthana mahAkoSa hai| isameM nandIsUtra evaM anuyogadvAra donoM zAstroM kA vistRta vivecana hai| bhASA prAkRta gAthAoM meM racita hai, usa para TIkA saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| gAthAoM kI kula saMkhyA 3,600 hai| bhASA sugama hai, kintu bhAva gambhIra hai| vaidika, bauddha, jaina tathA cArvAka darzana Adi kA parijJAna ho to ise samajhanA AsAna hogaa| jinabhadragaNI kA samaya IsvI san 609 nizcita kiyA gayA hai|

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* 366 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana naMdIsUtra para prabhA TIkA nandIsUtra para eka jainetara vidvAn ne saMskRta vidvAn vivRtti likhI hai jisakA nAma hai-prabhA vivRtti| yaha vivRtti AcArya malayagirikRta vRtti ko spaSTa karane ke lie likhI gaI hai| bIkAnera jJAna bhaNDAra ke saMsthApaka yativarya hitavallabha kI zubha preraNA se darabAra hAIskUla ke saMskRta ke pradhAna adhyApaka paM. jayadayAla jI ne 156 pannoM meM likhI hai| usakI presa kaoNpI zrI amaracanda jI nAhaTA ke bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| yaha vivRtti vikrama saM. 1958 kI vaizAkha zuklA tRtIyA tithi ko likhI gaI hai| nandIsUtra para hindI Adi bhASAoM meM vyAkhyA-sAhitya ___ saMskRta, prAkRta TIkAoM kA parimANa itanA bar3A hai aura viSayoM kI carcAe~ itanI gahana evaM gambhIra haiM ki sAdhAraNa sAdhaka ke hRdayaMgama nahIM hotii| ataH bAda meM yaha Avazyaka samajhA gayA ki AgamoM kA zabdArtha karane vAlI saMkSipta TIkAe~ bhI hoN| samaya kI gati ko dekhate hue saMskRta, prAkRta bhASA aba janabhASA na rahakara mAtra sAhitya kI bhASA bana gii| ataH nandIsatra Adi AgamoM para apabhraMza bhASA yA kahIM gujarAtI, mAravAr3I mizrita bhASA meM bAlAvabodha yA TabbA kI racanA huii| aThAharavIM zatAbdI meM hue lokAgaccha ke dharmasiMha muni tathA lava jI RSi evaM AcArya dharmadAsa jI ma. Adi ke likhe hue bAlAvabodha (TabbA) vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| inakI dRSTi prAcIna TIkAoM ke artha ko chor3akara kahIM-kahIM sva-sampradAya mAnya artha karane kI bhI rahI hai| unnIsavIM sadI ke prArambha meM AcArya amolaka RSi jI ma. ne nandIsUtra para patrAkAra rUpa meM hindI bhASA meM sundara rUpa se zabdArtha kiyA hai, jo AgamabattIsI ke prakAzana ke sAtha prakAzita huI hai| kintu AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma. ne nandIsUtra para hindI bhASA meM vistRta vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| sAtha hI AcArya hastImala jI ma. ne bhI nandIsUtra para hindI vyAkhyA likhI hai| AcArya zrI ghAsIlAla jI ma. ne nandIsUtra para saMskRta, hindI aura gujarAtI bhASA meM sundara vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| ye tInoM vyAkhyA-grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| isake pazcAt zramaNasaMghIya yuvAcArya paM. madhukara muni jI ma. ke pradhAna sampAdakatva evaM tattvAvadhAna meM viduSI sAdhvIratnA zrI umarAkuMvara jI 'arcanA' ne nUtana pariveza evaM bhavya zailI meM nandIsUtra kA sampAdana-vivecana kiyA hai, jo apane Apa meM anUThA hai| jo Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara se prakAzita huA hai| isa nandIsUtra-vivecana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki na to yaha atyanta vistRta hai

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nandIsatra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 367* aura na hI atyanta saMkSipta hai, kintu nandIsUtra ke mUla pATha kA zabdArtha, bhAvArtha dene ke sAtha-sAtha sUtrasparzika vivecana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai, yatra-tatra TippaNI se tathA anta meM pariziSTa evaM prArambha meM viSayAnukramaNikA dekara vyAkhyA grantha ko sarvAMga sampUrNa banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| nandIsUtra meM varNita jJAna kA anya AgamoM meM bhI varNana ___ nandIsUtra meM pratipAdita 'jJAna' ke viSaya kA varNana anya AgamoM meM bhI milatA hai| jaise ki anuyogadvArasUtra meM paMcavidha jJAna kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai| Avazyakaniyukti aura vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM bhI paMcavidha jJAna kA vividha pahaluoM se varNana kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke dvitIya sthAna meM vibhinna prakAra se do-do jJAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isI sUtra ke chaThe sthAna meM Abhinibodhika, avadhijJAna tathA matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke pratyeka ke chaha-chaha bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai| samavAyAMgasUtra ke 28veM samavAya meM matijJAna ke 28 bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isake atirikta dvAdazAMgI zruta (jJAna) kA paricaya nandIsUtra kI taraha samavAyAMgasUtra meM bhI kiyA gayA hai, parantu vaha nandIsUtra se kucha bhinna hai| prajJApanAsUtra ke 33veM pada meM avadhijJAna ke viSaya, saMsthAna Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isI satra ke 21veM pada meM AhArakazarIra kA varNana nandIsUtra ke manaHparyavajJAna ke varNana se milatA-julatA hai| prajJApanAsUtra, sU. 6-7 meM siddhapada kA varNana hai| bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti) sUtra ke za. 25, u. 3 meM gaNipiTaka ke prakAra kA varNana hai tathA bhagavatIsUtra, za. 8, u. 2, sU. 318-323 meM jJAna aura jJAnI se sambandhita viSayoM kA vistRta varNana hai| nandIsUtra ke svAdhyAya se viziSTa lAbha ___ nandIsUtra kA svAdhyAya pratyeka sAdhu-sAdhvI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke lie avazya karaNIya hai| nandIsUtra ke artha, vivecana evaM hArda ko samajhakara vAcanAdi paMcAMgayukta svAdhyAya karane se AtmA meM nihita ananta jJAnavidhi aura use pragaTa karane ke upAyoM kA jJAna hotA hai| aise svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama bhI hotA hai, jJAna kI abhivRddhi hotI hai, darzana vizuddha banatA hai| phalataH cAritra nirdoSa ho jAtA hai| tInoM kI pUrNatA se nirvANa kA mahAlAbha milatA hai| tathaiva nandIsUtra ke svAdhyAya se Ananda aura maMgala kI amRta-vRSTi hotI hai| sAtha hI laukika aura lokottara jJAna kI upalabdhi, jJAtA-draSTA bhAva kI satata prabuddhatA (jAgarUkatA) kI preraNA, pUrNa jJAna ke lie satata svabhAva meM ramaNatArUpa samAdhi ! yahI hai, nandIsUtra ke svAdhyAya kI anupama phalazruti !

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* 368 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana prastAvanA - lekhana, sampAdana kI kahAnI yadyapi sva. AcArya zrI devendra muni jI ne nandIsUtra kI prastAvanA kA lekhana kAphI samaya se prArambha kara diyA thA / kintu indaura cAturmAsa meM tathA usake pazcAt bhI unakA svAsthya bahuta hI zithila rhaa| bAda meM vihAra meM bhI unakA svAsthya samIcIna nahIM rahA / phira una para AcAryapada kA gurutara bhAra hone ke kAraNa dinabhara atyanta vyastatA rahatI thI, isa kAraNa ve prastAvanA-lekhana tathA pariSkRta sampAdana pUrNa nahIM kara sake / ataeva unhoMne mujha para isa zAstra kI prastAvanA ke pariSkAra kA bhAra DAlA / yadyapi mujhameM unake jaisI agAdha vidvattA aura kSamatA kahA~ ? phira bhI unakI AjJA ko zirodhArya karake prastAvanA ke pariSkRta sampAdana kA dAyittva sNbhaalaa| bIca-bIca meM kArya - vyastatA, asvasthatA Adi kAraNoM se sampAdana - kArya meM vyavadhAna AtA rhaa| AcArya zrI kA bhI bAra-bAra pariSkRta prastAvanA sampAdita karake zIghra bhejane kA takAjA AtA rahatA thaa| ataeva caitra mahIne kI navarAtri ke nau dina samauna ekAzana karake maiMne isake sampAdana ko pAra lagAne kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyaa| phalataH 22 apraila taka 77 peja kA sampAdita kiyA huA maiTara sthAnIya saMgha ke adhyakSa evaM maMtrI ke sAtha AcArya zrI kI sevA meM avalokanArtha mumbaI bhejaa| kintu AcAryazrI asvastha the; isa kAraNa ve isa maiTara kA avalokana na kara ske| yaha kisane jAnA thA ki AcArya zrI isa prastAvanA ke sampAdita maiTara ko sadA ke lie nahIM dekha sakeMge aura na hI isakI prakAzita pustaka ko dekha sakeMge ? hamAre durbhAgya se tA. 26 apraila, 1999 ko vaha manahUsa dina AyA aura AcArya zrI sadA ke lie isa loka se mahAprayANa kara ge| prastAvanA kA avaziSTa aMza bhI sampAdita ho cukA hai aura mudraNArtha prasiddha mudraNa- kalA vizeSajJa, sAhitya mahArathI zrI zrIcanda jI surAnA 'sarasa' ko AgarA bheja diyA gayA hai| unake hAthoM se adyAvadhi aneka grantha aura pustakeM sundara DhaMga se mudrita aura prakAzita huI haiM / prastuta zAstra kI prastAvanA ke sampAdana meM jina-jina mahAmanISiyoM, AcAryoM, munivaroM Adi ke granthoM, AgamoM, pustakoM ke vacanAmRtoM kA upayoga kiyA hai yA sahayoga liyA hai, unakA maiM hArdika RNI hU~ tathA unake prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karanA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN|

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 369 uddhRta saMdarbha-sthala sUcI 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 32, gA. 2 2. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 6, gA. 1 3. " ajJAnenAvRtaM jJAnaM, tena muhyanti jantavaH / " 4. (ka) "je AyA se vinnANe, je vinnANe se aayaa|" (kha) "upayogo lakSaNam / " (ga) "NANe puNa niyamaM AyA / " - bhagavad gItA 5/15 - AcArAMga, zru. 1, a. 5, u. 5, sU. 166 - tattvArthasUtra, a. 2/8 - bhagavatIsUtra 12/10 5. vedAntasAra 6. "nAdaMsaNissa nANaM, nANeNa viNA na huMti caraNaguNA / aguNissa natthi mokkho, natthi amokkhassa nivvANaM // " - uttarAdhyayana, a. 28, gA. 30 7. "savvasutta-khaMdhatAdINaM maMgalAdhikAre naMdi tti vattadha-NaMdaNaM gaMdI, naMdati vA teNa tti naMdI | naMdI pramodo hariso kaMdappo ityarthaH / " - nandI sUtracUrNi 8. " bhAvaNaMdI - disaddovautta bhAvo, ahavA - imaM paMcavihaNANa - parUvaNaM NaMditti ajjhayaNaM / " - nandIsUtra 9. (ka) dekheM - svarUpa sambodhana ( 3 ) meM AtmA aura jJAna kI bhinna-bhinnatA kA pratipAdana "jJAnAdbhinno na cAbhinno, bhinnAbhinnaH kathaMcana / jJAnaM pUrvAparIbhUtaM, so'yamAtmeti kIrtitaH // " (kha) "jJAnAdhikaraNamAtmA / " 10. (ka) "sva-para-vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / " (kha) "jJAnaM sva-para- prakAzakam / " 11. (ka) caturviMzatistava Avazyaka sUtra (kha) bhaktAmara stotra, zlo. 16 meM 12. uttarAdhyayana 32/2 13. (ka) dekheM - prabuddha jIvana meM (paramAnanda kApar3iyA kA lekha ) (kha) Aja kA Ananda (dainika) tA. 23/11/1998 se 14. "Ignorance is the root of all evils." 15. " na hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate / " 16. Aja kA Ananda (dainika) tA. 23/11/1998 se 17. prabuddha jIvana (paramAnanda kApar3iyA) se saMkSipta bhAva grahaNa 18. vahI 19. "nAsiddhaM sukha - duHkhAdi jJAnAdarthAntaraM yataH / cetanatvAt sukhaM duHkhaM jJAnAdanyatra na kvacit / / " - tarkasaMgraha -pramANanaya tattvAloka -Plato - bhagavad gItA - paMcAdhyAyI 14

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* 370 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 20. (ka) prabuddha jIvana se saMkSipta bhAva grahaNa (kha) bhagavatIsUtra (ga) brahmacarya vijJAna (upAdhyAya puSkara muni jI) 21. (ka) paMcavidha AcAra ke lie dekheM-sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nizIthacUrNi Adi (kha) jJAtAsUtra, antakRddazAsUtra meM dekheM inakA vRttAnta 22. prabuddha jIvana se saMkSipta bhAva grahaNa 23. prabuddha jIvana, jJAtAsUtra, antakRddazAsUtra Adi se bhAva grahaNa 24. nandIsUtra-vivecana meM nandIsUtra digdarzana (upAdhyAya paM. phUlacanda jI ma. 'zramaNa') se bhAva grahaNa 25. nandIsUtra vivecana meM nandIsUtra digdarzana (upAdhyAya phUlacanda jI ma. 'zramaNa') se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 5 (ka) "sUtrArthobhayarUpaH aagmH|" -Avazyaka 524 (kha) "AcAryapAramparyeNAgataH, AptavacanaM vaa|' -anuyogadvAra vRtti 38 (ga) "gurupAramparyeNAgacchatIti AgamaH; A = samantAt jJAyante = gamyante ____ jIvAdayaH padArthA arnaneti vaa|' -vahI 219/5 (gha) "AptapraNItaH aagmH|" -AcArAMga vRtti 48 (Ga) "aaptvcnaadaavirbhuutmrth-sNvednmaagmH| upacArAdAptavacanaM c|" -pramANanaya tattvAloka 4/1-2 27. (ka) "Apto rAgadveSAdi viyutH|" -tattvArtha siddhasenIyA vRtti 1/20 (kha) "yathArthavaktA sa aaptH|" (ga) "abhidheyaM vastu yathAvasthitaM yo jAnIte, yathAjJAnaM cAbhidhatte sa aaptH|" -pramANanaya tattvAloka 4/4 28. "Agame tivihe paNNatte, taM jahA-suttAgame ya atthAgame ya tdubhyaagme|" -anuyogadvAra, sU. 470, AvazyakasUtra 29. "atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niunnN|" -Avazyakaniyukti 92 30. (ka) "ahavA Agame tivihe paNNatte, taM jahA-attAgame, aNaMtarAgame paraMparAgame y| titthagarANaM atthassa attAgame, gaNaharANaM suttassa attAgame, atthassa aNaMtarAgame, gaNaharasIsANaM suttassa aNaMtarAgame, atthassa paraMparAgame, teNaM paraM suttassa vi atthassa vi No attAgame, No aNaMtarAgame, prNpraagme|" -anuyogadvAra, sU. 470 (kha) sthAnAMgasUtra, sthA. 3 31. prazamarati, zlo. 186-187 32. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti 33. "jahA sUi sasuttA, paDiyA vi na vinnssi| tahA jIve sasutte, saMsAre na vinnssi||" -uttarAdhyayana, a. 29, sU. 59 34. pANinIya vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 371 : kA 35. uttarAdhyayana, a. 29 kA prArambha, tathA bhagavatI, antakRddazA Adi zAstra-pAThoM kA praarmbh| 36. nandIsUtra digdarzana (sampAdaka-upAdhyAya zrI phUlacanda jI ma. 'zramaNa') se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 58 37. (ka) zrI anuyogadvArasUtra (AtmajJAna pIyUSavarSiNI TIkA samanvita) ke Amukha se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 10-11 (kha) "zrUyate AtmanA tadisi shrutshbdH|" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya vRtti (ga) "zrutaM zabdaH, krmsaadhnshc|" / -tattvArtha rAjavArtika 1/9/2 (gha) tattvArthabhASya ke vizruta TIkAkAra siddhasenagaNI 38. anuyogadvAra sUtra (AtmajJAna pIyUSavarSiNI, hindI TIkA samanvita) ke Amukha se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 11 39. vahI, pR. 11 40. vahI, pR. 12 41. "suya-sutta-gaMtha-siddhaMta cavayaNe ANa-vayaNa-uvaese paNNavaNa Agame vA egaTThA pajjayA sutte|" -anuyogadvAra 4, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA. 8/97 42. (ka) nandIsUtra digdarzana (upAdhyAya zrI phUlacanda jI ma. 'zramaNa') se sAbhAra bhAva grahaNa, pR. 10 (kha) iha hi yad bhUtabhAvaM bhAvibhAvaM vA vastu tad yathAkrama, vivakSita bhUta bhAvi bhAvApekSayA dravyamiti tattvavedinAM prsiddhimupaagmt| uktaM ca"bhUtasya bhAvino bhAvA, bhAvasya hi kAraNaM ylloke| tad dravyaM tattvajJaiH, sacetanAcetanaM kthitm||" 43. (ka) nandIsUtra digdarzana (upAdhyAya zrI phUlacanda jI ma. 'zramaNa') se sAbhAra bhAva grahaNa, pR. 11 (kha) "upayogo bhaavlkssnnm|" (ga) "bhAvammi paMca naannaaii|" 44. dekheM-dazavaikAlikasUtra, a. 9, u. 4, sU. 3 meM zrutasamAdhi kA varNana svAdhyAya ke pA~ca aMgoM se hone vAle lAbha-(1) sajjhAeNaM nANAvaraNijja kamma khvei| (2) vAyaNAe NijjaraM jaNayai, suyassa aNAsAyaNAe vhi| aNA sAyaNAe vaTTamANe tittha dhammaM avalaMbai, tittha dhammaM avalaMbamANe mahAnijjare mahApajjavasANe bhvi| (3) paDipucchaNayAe suttattha-tadubhayAiM visohei| kaMkhAmohaNijjaM kammaM vochiNdi| (4) pariyaTTaNAe vaMjaNAI jnnvii| vaMjaNa laddhiM ca uppaaei| (5) aNuppehAe Auya vajjAo savvakamma pagaDIo pagarei aNAiyaM caM aNavadaggaM dIhamaddhaM cAuraMtaM saMsArakaMtAraM khippameva viiivyi| (6) dhamma kahAe nijjaraM jnnyi| pavayaNaM pbhaavei| pavayaNapabhAveNaM jIye Agamessa bhaddatAe kammaM nibNdhi| -uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 29, sU. 18-23 46. nandIsUtra digdarzana se bhAva grahaNa 47. (ka) vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekheM-'nandisuttaM aNuogaddArAiM ca' (saM. muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ma.)

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372 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana (kha) aNuogaddArAI (saM. AcArya mahAprajJa) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 14-15 48. (ka) dekheM - 'nandittaM aNuogadArAI ca' (saM. muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ma.) (kha) aNuogaddArAI (vivecana : AcArya mahAprajJa) se bhAva grahaNa ( ga ) " aMgabAhiraM duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahA AvarasayaM ca AvassayavairittaM ca / AvassayaM chavvihaM paNNattaM / AvasyavairittaM duvihaM paNNattaM taM jahAkAliyaM ca ukkAliyaM ca / " -nandIsUtra, sU. 43 49. "prathamaM pUrvaM tasya sarvapravacanAt pUrvaM kriyamANatvAt / " - samavAyAMga vRtti, patra 101 50. dekheM- dazavaikAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti tathA uttarAdhyayana zAntyAcAryakRta bRhadvRtti 51. vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye dekheM-jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana (zrI devendra muni zAstrI), pR. 20-23 52. (ka) jainadarzana ( DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA), pR. 89 (kha) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ), pR. 28 (ga) anuyogadvArasUtra (AtmajJAna pIyUSavarSiNI hindI TIkA), pR. 39-40 (gha) jainatattva prakAza, pR. 218 (Da.) nandIsUtram (AcArya AtmArAma jI ma. ) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 13 53. (ka) anuyogadvArasUtra (Atma-jJAna pIyUSavarSiNI hindI TIkA) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 40 (kha) nandIsUtra vivecana ( AcArya AtmArAma jI ma.) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 13-14 54. anuyogadvArasUtra, pR. 40 55. (ka) "tassa puNo savva-suttabbhaMtaratA paDhama maMgalaggahaNA / jaM ca Na pidho paThijjai, gaMdIe so suyakkhaMdho // " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA. 10 (kha) "ahavA maMgalA gaMdI, sA caturvidhA - NAmAdi / ihaMpi NAma - TThavaNA - davvanaMdIvakkhANe - kate bhAvanaMdI'vasare patte bhaNati - NANaM paMcavidhaM paNNattaM / " (ga) "savvasutta - khaMdhatAdINaM maMgalAdhikAre naMditti vattavvA / " (gha) "maMgalapahavA naMdI, cauvvihA maMgalaM ca sA neyA / davve tUra - samuddao, bhAvammi ya paMcanANAI // " 56. (ka) dekheM - nandI sthavirAvalI meM - anuyogadvAracUrNi, pR. 1 - nandIsUtracUrNi - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 6 'attha- mahatthakhANiM, susamaNa-vakkhANa-kahaNa- nivvANiM / paie mahuravANiM payao paNamAmi dUsagaNiM / / " - nandI sthavirAvalI, gA. 47 (kha) " dUsagaNisIso devavAyago / " - nandIsUtracUrNa, pR. 13 57. dekheM- 'naMdIsuttaM aNuogaddArAI ca' (muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 31 58. nandIsUta vivecana ke antargata nandIsUtradigdarzana ( A. AtmArAma jI ma. ), pR. 63 59. kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 14

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 373 * 60. (ka) "devavAyago sAhujaNahiyaTThAe innmaah|" -nandIcUrNi, pR. 20 ___ (kha) "devavAcako'dhikRtA'dhyayana-viSayabhUtasya jJAnasya prarUpaNAM kurvnnidmaah|" -naMdI hAribhadrIyA vRtti, pR. 37 61. jainakAlagaNanA (muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI) 62. nandIsUtra kI prastAvanA (nandIsUtra digdarzana) (AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma.) se bhAva grahaNa, pR.8 63. (ka) vahI, pR. 2 (kha) uttarAdhyayana, a. 32, gA. 2 64. (ka) nandIsUtra prastAvanA (nandIsUtra digdarzana) (AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma.) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 8 (kha) "ekAdaza aMgAni gaNadhara-bhASitAni, anyAgamAH sarve'pi chadmasthairaMgebhya uddhRtAH snti|" -samAcArIzataka (upAdhyAya samayasundara jI) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 77 65. zrImannandIsUtram (AcArya hastImala jI ma.) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 2 66. (ka) "maMgalamahavA naMdI, cauvvihA maMgalaM ca sA neyaa| ___davve tUssamudao, bhAvammi ya pNcnaannaaii||" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (kha) nandIsUtra (AcArya AtmArAma jI ma.) prastAvanA ke AdhAra para, pR. 3, 2 67. bahuvighnAni zreyAMsi, tena kRtmNglopcaaraiH| gRhItavyaH sumahAnidhiriva, yathA vA mhaavidyaa|| tatra maMgalabhAdau, madhye paryantakaM ca shaastrsy| prathamaM zAstrArthA'vighna-pAraMgamanAya nirdissttm|| tasyaiva ca sthairyArtha, madhyamakamantimamapi tsyaiv| avyavacchitti-nimittaM, ziSya-praziSyAdi vNshsy||" -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, prAkRta gAthAoM kI saMskRta chAyA 68. (ka) naMdIsUtra (AcArya AtmArAma jI ma.) kI prastAvanA se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 3 (kha) "thava-thui maMgaleNaM nANa-daMsaNa-caritta-bohilAbhaM jnnyi| nANadaMsaNacaritta__ bohilAbha-saMpanne ya NaM jIve aMtakiriyaM kappavimANovavattigaM ArAhaNaM ___ aaraahei|" -uttarAdhyayana, a. 29, sU. 14 69. nandIsUtra (AcArya AtmArAma jI ma.) kI prastAvanA se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 4 70. (ka) "jayai jagajIvajoNI-viyANao, jaga guru jgaannNdo| jagaNAho jagabaMdhu jayai, jagappiyAmaho bhyvN|| jayai suANaM pabhavo, titthayarANaM apacchimo jyi| jayai guru logANaM, jayai mahappA mhaaviiro|| bhadaM savva jagujoyag2assa, bhadaM jiNassa viirss| bhadaM surAsuranamaMsiyassa, bhadaM dhuyryss||" -nandIsUtra, mUla pATha, gA. 1-3 (kha) nandIsUtra (AcArya AtmArAma jI ma.) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 1-8

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* 374 * mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana - - - 71. dekheM-AcArAMgasUtra, prathama zrutaskandha, adhyayana 9 kA vivecana 72. dekheM-AcArAMgasUtra prathama aura dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana-gAthA 73. (ka) vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekheM-bhagavAna mahAvIra : eka anuzIlana (AcArya devendra muni) (kha) tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (upAdhyAya amara muni) 74. vahI (lekhaka-AcArya devendra muni) 75. "guNa-bhavaNa-gahaNa ! suya-rayaNa-bhariya ! dNsnn-visuddh-rtthaagaa| saMghanagara ! bhadaM te, akhNdd-caaritt-paagaaraa|| saMjama-tava-tuMbArayassa, namo smpnn-paariyllss| apaDicakkassa jao, hou sayA sNgh-ckkss|| bhadaM sIla-paDAgUsiyassa, tv-niym-tury-juttss| saMgharahassa bhagavao, sajjhAya-sunaMdighosassa // kamma-raya-jaloha-viNiggayassa, suy-rynn-diih-naalss|| saMgha-paumassa bhaI, synn-gnn-shss-ptrss|| tava-saMjama-maya-laMchaNa, akiriya-rAhu-muha-duddharisa ! bhicchN| jaya saMghacaMda ! nimmala-sammatta-visuddha-joNhAgA / / para-titthiya-gaha-paha-nAsagassa, tv-tey-ditt-lesss| nANujjoyassa jae, bhadaM dmsNghsuurss||" -siri naMdIsuttaM, gA. 4-10 76. "saMgho guNasaMdhAo, saMgho ya vimocio ya kmmaannN| daMsaNa-NANa-caritte saMghAyaMto have sNgho||" -bhagavatI ArAdhanA 714 77. pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti, pR. 249 78. vyavahAra bhASya 326 79. "nANassa hoi bhAgI, thirayarao daMsaNe caritte y|" -bRhatkalpa bhASya, gA. 5713 80. siri naMdIsuttaM, gA. 11 81. (ka) "(vaMde) usabhaM ajiyaM saMbhavamabhinaMdaNa-sumaiM suppabhaM supaasN| sasi-puSphadaMta-sIyala-sijjaMsaM vAsupujaM c|| vimalamaNaMtaM ya dhamma, saMtiM kuMthu araM ca malliM c| muNisuvvayaM nami nemiM, pAsaM taha vaddhamANaM c|| -naMdIsUtra, gA. 20-21 (kha) "dhammatitthayare jiNe " -AvazyakasUtra meM caturvizatistava pATha (ga) "nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo thaa| esa maggutti paNNatto, jiNehiM varadaMsihi // " -uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/2 (gha) "sadRSTi-jJAna-vRttAni, dharmaM dharmezvarA viduH // dezayAmi samIcInaM, dharma krm-nivrhnnm| saMsAra duHkhataH satvAn, yo dharamyuttame sukhe||" -ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, zlo. 3, 2

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 375 82. (ka) "paDhamittha iMdabhUI, bIe puNa hoi aggibhUitti / tai ya vAubhUi, tao viyatte suhamme ya // maMDiya-moriyaputte, akaMpie ceva acalabhAyA y| je pahAse, gaNaharA huMti vIrassa // " - siri naMdIsuttaM, gA. 22-23 (kha) "anuttara jJAna - darzanAdiguNAnAM gaNaM dhArayantItigaNadharaH / " - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya TIkA, gA. 1062 (ga) "samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa nava gaNA, ekkArasa gaNaharA hotthA / " - kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI, sU. 201 (gha) "samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa ekkArassa gaNA, ekkArasa gaNaharA hotthA / " - samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 11 83. (ka) "magahA gubbaragAme jAyA tinneva goymsguttaa|" (kha) dekheM - Avazyaka niryukti, gA. 647-648 84. "gobhistamo dhvastaM yasya, asau gautamaH / " 85. je goyamA, te sattavihA paNNattA, taM jahA - te - abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa, bhA. 3 goyamA, te gaggA, te bhArahA, te aMgirasA, te sakkarAbhA, te udagattAbhA / " - sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 7, sU. 551 86. dekheM - bhAratIya prAcIna caritrakoza, pR. 193, 195 87. kalpasUtra kI subodhAvRtti, pR. 389 88. (ka) kaSAyapAhuDa kI TIkA, pR. 76 (kha) SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA, pR. 62 89. (ka) upAsakadazAMgasUtra, a. 1 (kha) vahI, a. 1 90. (ka) upAsakadazAsUtra, a. 1 (kha) vahI, a. 1 (ga) vahI, a. 3 91. antakRddazAsUtra, varga 6 92. bhagavatIsUtra, za. 2, u 1 93. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, zru. 2/7/36-38 94. (ka) bhagavatIsUtra 14/7 (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra TIkA sahita 23 (ga) vipAkasUtra 95. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 23 (kha) bhagavatIsUtra, za. 1 96. Avazyakaniryukti, gA. 650-655 97. vahI, gA. 650-655 98. vahI, gA. 643-655 - Avazyakaniryukti, gA. 643

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* 376 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 99. (ka) vahI, gA. 655 (kha) "jIvaMte ceva bhaTTArae NavahiM jaNehiM ajja - suhammassa gaNo Nikkhitto dIhAuggettiNAtuM / " - kalpasUtracUrNi 201 (ga) "parinivvuyA gaNaharA jIvaMte nAyae nava jaNA u / iMdabhUI suhammo a, rAyagihe nivvue vIre // " - Avazyakaniryukti, gA. 658 100. Avazyaka niryukti, gA. 654 - 660 101. vahI, gA. 644-655 102. (ka) "taMmi ceva magahA jaNavate moriya-sannivese maMDiyA moriyA do bhAyaro / " - AvazyakacUrNi upodghAta, pR. 337 (kha) "palyAM vijayadevAyAM, dhanadevasya nandanaH / maNDako'bhUttatra jAte, dhanadevo vyapadyata // lokAcA hyasau satretyabhAryo mauryako'karot / bhAryAM vijayadevAM tAM, dezAcAro hi na hiye // kramAd vijayadevAyAM, mauryasya tanayo'bhavat / sa ca loke mauryaputra, iti nAmnaiva prapathe // " - trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra 10/5/53-55 (ga) "Besides Sthavira Mandita and Sthavira Mauryaputra were brothers, having one mother Vijayadevi, but have different Gotras, derived from the Gotras of their different fathers, the father of Mandit was Dhanadeva of Vashistha gotra, and the father of Mauryaputra was 'Maurya' of Kasyapa gotra; as it was not forbidden for a widowed female in that country, to have a re-marriage with another person, after the death of her former husband." (gha) gaNadharavAda prastAvanA (paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA), TippaNa, pR. 63 (Ga) samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 83 103. samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 30 104. vahI, samavAya 65. 105. dekheM- gaNadharavAda, pR. 64 kA cArTa 106. Ganadhara Maharaja Mandit was fifty three years old when he renounced the world....After a period of fourteen years of ascetic life, Mandit acquired Keval Gnana....and he acquired Moksha Pada........when he was eighty three years old (p. 122) Ganadhara Maharaja Mauryaputra was sixty five years old when he renounced the world. After a period of fourteen years of ascetic life Ganadhara Mauryaputra acquired Kevala Gnana.....at the age of seventy nine. Ganadhara Maharaja Mauryaputra remained a Kevali for sixteen years and he acquired Moksha Pada.....when he was ninty five years old. (p. 124)

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 3774 107. Avazyakaniyukti, gA. 644-656 108. vahI, gA. 644-656 109. vahI, gA. 645-656 110. vahI, gA. 645-656 111. "indrabhUtirvibhAvyaivaM, ziSyANAM paMcabhiH shnaiH| svayaM jagrAha dharmopakaraNaM tridrshiirpitm||" ___-trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra, parva 10, sarga 5, zlo. 93 112. AvazyakacUrNi, mahAvIra caritra, trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra 113. (ka) AvazyakacUrNi, pR. 370 (kha) trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra 10/5/176-180 (ga) mahAvIra caritra (guNacandragaNI), patra 258 114. (ka) "uppanne i vA, vigai vA, dhuvvei vaa|" / -bhagavatI 5/9 (kha) "jAte saMghe caturdhevaM, dhrauvyotpaad-vyyaatmikaam| indrabhUti-prabhRtAnAM, tripadI vyAharat prbhuH||" -trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra 10/5 115. (ka) "jamhA titthagaro titthapavattaNa kAle gaNadharANaM savva-sutta dhArattaNato puvvaM puvvagaya-suttatthaM bhAsai, tamhA puvvatti bhaNiyA,' -nandI, hAribhadrIyA vRtti, pR. 107 (kha) "sUtritAni gaNadharai raMgebhyaH pUrvameva yt| pUrvANItyabhidhIyante tenaitAni cturdsh|' -trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra 10/5 116. "jagrantha dvAdazAMgI bhavajaladhi-tarI te nissdhaatryenn|" -apAyAkalpa vividha tIrthakalpa, pR. 25 117. "mama Nava gaNA ekkArasa gnndhraa|" -ThANaM 9/62 118. samavAyAMga, samavAya 11 119. "nivvui-paha-sAsaNayaM, jayai sayA svv-bhaav-desnnyN| kusamaya-maya-nAsaNayaM, jinniNd-vr-viir-saasnnyN||" -siri naMdIsuttaM, gA. 24 120. "ziSyate'neneti zAsanam, nirvRti (nirvANa) pathasya pratipAdakaM zAsanam nirvRti shaasnm|" -nandIsUtra vRtti 121. (ka) "iNameva niggaMthaM pAvayaNaM saccaM aNuttaraM kevaliyaM paDipuNNaM, neyAuyaM, saMsuddhaM, sallakattaNaM, siddhimaggaM, muttimaggaM, nijANamaggaM, nivvANamaggaM, avitahamavisaMdiddhaM, savvadukkha-pahINamaggaM, itthaMThiyA jIvA sijhaMti, bujhaMti, mucaMti, parinivvAyaMti, savvadukkhANayaMtaM kreNti|" / ___-Avazyaka sUtrAntargata zramaNasUtra pATha (kha) dekheM-'zramaNasUtra' (upAdhyAya amara muni) meM isakA vivecana 122. "atra cA'yaM vRddhasampradAyaH-sthUlabhadrasya ziSyadvayam Arya mahAgiriH, Arya suhastI c| tatra Arya mahAgireryA zAkhA, sA mukhyaa|" -merutuMgIyA sthavirAvalI

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378 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 123. "yazca yazca kAlaM karoti, sa sa sudhammasvAmino gaNaM dadAti / " - Avazyaka malaya vRtti, bhA. 2, pR. 339 124. "titthaM ca suhammAo, niravaccA gaNaharA sesA / " - nandIvRtti 125. jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya (sAdhvI saMghamitA) se bhAva grahaNa 126. "adhunaikAdazAMgyasti sudharmAsvAmibhASitA // 114 // - prabhAvaka carita, patrAMka 8 127. "godama sAmimhi Nivvude saMte lohajjAirio kevalaNANa-saMtANaharo jaado|" - SaTkhaNDAgama vedanA khaNDa, dhavalA, pR. 130 128. "AsIt sudharmA gaNabhRtsuteSu zrIvardhamAna - prabhu-paTTa-dhuryaH // 11 // " - paTTAvalI samuccaya zrI mahAvIra paTTa paramparA, pR. 121 129. "cittaM na nItaM vanitA vikArairvittaM na nItaM caturaizca cauraiH // 2 // " - paTTAvalI samuccaya (tapAgaccha ), pR. 42 130. "paMcamagaNahAri suhammasAmiNA dinna putra pavajjo / " - upadezamAlA, vizeSavRtti jambUcariyaM, patrAMka 185 131. "bIo jambU ttiM sa ca SoDaza varSANi gRhasthaparyAye, viMzati varSANi vrataparyAye, catuz cattvAriMzat varSANi yugapradhAnaparyAye ceti, sarvAyurazIti varSANi paripAlya zrIvIrAt catuSSaSTivarSe siddhaH / " - paTTAvalI samuccaya (tapAgaccha ), pR. 5 132. dekheM-- ratnaprabhasUriracita jambUcaritra 133. vahI 134. "manaHparAvadhI zreNyau, pulAkAhArakau zivam / kalpa- trisaMyamA jJAnaM, nAsan jambUsuneranu // " 135. 'jambUsvAmIcaritra' - vIrakavi 136. "mahApuNya prabhAvasya tasyAya vacamedRzA / - pariziSTa parva, sarga 2 - pariziSTa parva, sarga 2 te caurAH stabdhavapuSo'bhUvan lepyasayA iva // 79 // " 137. "vayasya dehi me vidyAM stambhanIM navIM mokSaNImapi / avasvApanikA-tAlodghATinyau taM dadAmyaham // 182 // " 138. "suhammo nAma gaNadharo AsI, tassa vi jambU NAmo tassa vi ya pabhavo ti / tassa annayA kayAi puvvarattAvarattammi ciMtA samuppannA - ko me gaNaharo hojja tti / aSpaNo gaNe ya saMghe ya savvao va uvaogo kao / Na dIsai koi avvocchittikaro / tAhe gAratthesu uvautto, uvaoge kae rAyagihe sejjaMbhavaM mAhaNaM jannaM jayamANaM pAsai / " - dazavaikAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti, patrAMka 11/1 - pariziSTa parva, sarga 5 - vahI, sarga 5, zlo. 83 139. "aho zayyaMbhavo bhaTTo, niSThurebhyo'pi niSThuraH / svAM priyAM yauvanavatIM, suzIlAmapi yo'tyajat // " 140. "apazcimo dazapUrvI, zrutasAraM samuddharet / caturdazapUrvadharaH, punaH kenA'pi hetunA // " - pariziSTa parva

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 379 * 141. dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gA. 16-17 142. "ANaMda-aMsupAyaM kAsI, sijjaMbhavA tahiM theraa| jasabhaddassa ya pucchA, kahaNA ya viyAlaNA sNghe||" -dazavakAlikaniyukti, gA. 371 143. paTTAvalI samuccaya (zrI gurupaTTAvalI), patrAMka 164 144. "jasabhadaM tuMgiyaM vNde|" -nandIsUtra 145. "medhAvino bhadrabAhu-sambhUtavijayaiH muni| caturdazapUrvadharau, tassa ziSyau bbhuuvtuH||" --pariziSTa parva, sarga6 146. pariziSTa parva, sarga 6 147. therassa NaM ajjasaMbhUya vijayassa ime duvAlasa therA aMtevAsI hotthA, taM jahA "naMdaNa bhadde uvanaMdabhadde, taha tIsabhadda jasabhadde / there ya sumiaNabhadde, maNibhadde ya punnabhadde y||1|| there ya thUlabhadde, ujjumatI jaMbUnAmadhejje y| there ya dIhabhadde, there taha paMDubhadde y||2||" -kalpasUtra, sthavirAvalI 208 148. (ka) upadezamAlA, vizeSa vRtti, pR. 237-239 (kha) "abbhuTThiyA maNAgaM, dukkarakArINaM sAgayaM tubhN| AsAsiyA kameNa guruNA, tA thuulbhddoti||' -upadezamAlA, vizeSa vRtti 238-239 149. therassa NaM ajja saMbhUivijayassa imAo satta aMtevAsiNIo ahAvaccao abhimAtAo hotthA, taM jahA"jakkhA ya jakkhadinnA ya, bhUyA taheva bhUI dinnA y| seNA veNA reNA, bhagiNIo thuulbhddss|||1||" -kalpasUtra 208 150. "zrIsaMghAyopadAM preSIn, manmukhena prasAdabhAk / zrImAn sImandharasvAmI, catvArthadhyayanAni c|| bhAvanA ca vimuktizca, rtiklpmthaaprm| tathA vicitracaryAM ca, tAni caitAni naamtH||" -pariziSTa parva, sarga 9, zlo. 97-98 151. pariziSTa parva, sarga 9 152. vahI, sarga 7, zlo. 4 153. ukta dhyAna-sAdhanA se 14 pUrvazAstroM kI samagra jJAna-rAzi kA muhUrta mAtra meM parAvartana (pArAyaNa) kara lene kI kSamatA A jAtI hai| -pariziSTa parva, sarga 9, zlo. 62 154. pariziSTa parva, sarga 9, zlo. 172

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* 380 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 155. upadezamAlA, gA. 4, patra 234 156. "sayaDAleNaM bhaNiyaM, tAlauDe bhakkhiyaMmi mayi puvvaM / niva - pAya paDaNa - kAle, parijjuMsu taM gayAsaMko // 38 // " - upadezamAlA, vizeSa vRtti, pR. 236 157. '"maMgalaM bhagavAn vIro, maMgalaM gautamaprabhuH / maMgalaM sthUlabhadrAdyA, jainadharmo'stu maMgalam // " 158. "aha vArasa-vArisio Ao, kUro kayAi dukkAlo / savva sAhusamUho, tao gao katthai koi // 22 // taduvarame so paNa ravi, pADile putte samAgao vihiyA / saMgheNaM suya-visayA ciMtA, kiM kassa atthitti // 23 // jaMjasa Asi pAse, uddesajjhayaNagAi taM savvaM / saMghaDiyaM ekkArasaM, gAiM taheva ThaviyAI // 24 // - upadezamAlA, vizeSa vRtti, patrAMka 241 159. AvazyakacUrNi, bhA. 2, pR. 107 160. "In June 323 B. C. Alexander died at Babylone and no permanent incumbent in Philip's place could ever be appointed." -V.A. Smiths Ashotza P.I. Cambridge History, p. 428-1-23-8 161. "thUlabhaddassa jugappahANA do sIsA, aja mahAgiri ya ajja suhatthI y|" - saMbhASya nizIthacUrNi, patrAMka 361 - pariziSTa parva, sarga 10 162. "tau hi yakSAryA, bAlAdapi mAtreva pAlitau / ityAryopapadau jAtau, mahAgiri - suhastinau // 37 // " 163. pariziSTa parva 20/40 164. nizIthacUrNi saMbhASya, bhA. 2, pR. 361 165. pariziSTa parva 11/2 166. upadezamAlA vizeSa vRtti, zlo. 2-7, patrAMka 369 167. vahI, zlo. 12- 18, 21-24, patrAMka 370 168. "abbhuTThANaM bahumANamAyaraM tArisaM kuNaMteNa / tai taiyA vihiyANesaNA hi tabbhanijaNaNAo // 26 // " - upadezamAlA bRhad vRtti, patrAMka 370 169. "rohagutterhito kosiyaguttehiMto tattha NaM terAsiyA niggayA / " - kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI, sU. 209 - pariziSTa parva, sarga 11 170. "bhAvI pravacanAdhAro raMko'yaM bhavAntare / " 171. "kosaMbA''hArakate, ajjasuhatthIta damaga-pavajjA / avvatteNaM sAmAieNaM, raNNo ghare jAto / / " - bRhatkalpa bhASya, vibhAga 3 / 3275 172. "ajja-suhatthA''gamaNaM daThThe, saraNaM ca pucchaNA kahaNA / pAvayaNammiya bhattI, to jAtA saMyatIraNNo // " - vahI, vibhAga 3 / 3277

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 381 * - . - . - . - . - . - . - .. 173. "tataH preSIdanAryeSu sAdhuveSadharAn nraam|" ___-pariziSTa parva, sarga 11/91, 11/99, 11/171 174. vahI 11/133 175. "therehiMto uttarabalissahehito tattha NaM uttarabalissahe nAmaM gaNe nigge|" -kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI 176. (ka) nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 27 (kha) "hAriyagottaM sAiM ca, vaMdiyo hAriyaM ca saamjN|" -nandI sthavirAvalI 28 177. kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI 209 178. "siri-vIrAo gaesu, paNatIsahiesu tisaya (335) vrisesu| paDhamo kAlagasUrI jAo, saamj-naamutti||55||" -ratnasaMcaya prakaraNa, patrAMka 32 179. "nijUDhA jeNa tathA, pannavaNA svvbhaavpnnvnnaa| tevIsaimo puriso, pavaro so jayai saamjo||" ___-pariziSTa parva 188, RSimaMDala patrAMka 353 180. "siddhAnte zrI vIrAdanvekAdazagaNabhRdbhiH saha trayoviMzatitamaH puruSaH zyAmArya iti vyaakhyaatH|" -vicArazreNI 181 "svapaTTe kAlakaM, yogyaM prtisstthaapygurusttH| zrImAn guNAkaraH sUriH, pretya kaaryaannysaadhyt||" -prabhAvaka carita, patrAMka 22/25 182. "vaMde kosiyagottaM' saMDillaM aj-jiiydhrN|" -nandI sthavirAvalI, gA. 28 183. "tiyamudda-khAyakittiM, dIvasamuddesu ghiy-peyaalN| vaMde ajasamudde akkhubhiy-smudd-gNbhiirN||" 184. "jaMghAbala-parikSINAnAmudadhinAmnAmArya samudrANAmaparAkramaM maraNamabhUditi vRddhprsiddhiH|" -AcArAMga vRtti 1/8/1 u. 185. "paDipakkhe aJja samuddA, te rasagiddhIe bhItA, ekkato, savvaM meleuM bhuNjti|" -nizIthacUrNi 186. nizIthacUrNi, gA. 3/3200, pR. 152-153 187. "cauddasapuvvadharA vi, pamAyao jNti'nNtkaayesu| eyaM piha hA hA pAvaM, jIvantae tayA sriyN||" -Arya maMgU kathA 10 10 188. "tA Usavo sa sannI, nimmala-mai-nANa-saMgao sunni| mahilANaM tamullAvaM, jAisaraNo tao // 31 // " _-upadezamAlA vizeSa vRtti, patrAMka 208 189. "atikhinnA ca sAvAdIdatrAryasamito muniH| sAkSI sakhyazca sAkSiNyo, bhASe nA'taH kimpyhm||94||" -prabhAvaka carita, patrAMka 4 190. "nivasaMto to tAsiM, samIvadese suNai aNgaaiiN| ekkArasa vi paDhaMtIyA, tAva teNovaladdhANi // 98 // " -upadezamAlA vizeSa vRtti, patrAMka 210

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382 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 191. upadezamAlA vizeSa vRtti, patrAMka 210, zloka 97-98 192. "vajraprAgjanya- suhRdo jJAnAd vijJAya te surAH / tasyAcArya-pratiSThAyAM ckrurutsvmdbhutm||" - prabhAvaka carita, patrAMka 9 193. "vayarasAmi vi paMcahi aNagAra saehiM saMparivuDo viharai / " - Avazyaka malaya vRtti 389/2 194. " tatraiva mahAdhana-dhanazreSThi- nandanA rukmiNI / pratibodhya tena bhagavatA nirlobha - cUDAmaNinA pravrAjitA // " - vividha tIrthakalpa - pATaliputra nagarakalpa, pR. 69 195. "jeNuddhariyA vijjA, AgAsagamA mhaaprinnaao| vaMdAmi ajjavairaM, apacchimo yo suyadharANaM // 769 // " - Avazyaka malaya vRtti, bhAga 2, 196. "ito ya vairasAmI dukkhiNAvahe, viharati ja dubbhikkhaM ca / jAyaM vArasa - barisagaM savvato, samaMtA chinnapathA nirAdhArajAtaM // " - AvazyakacUrNi, patrAMka 404 197. (ka) "vAsa paMcasaehiM ajjavahare dasamaM puvvaM, saMghayaNacaukkaM ca avagacchiho / " - vividha tIrthakalpa, pR. 38 (kha) "jAvaMta ajjavairA, apuhutta kAliANuogassa / teNAreNa puhuttaM, kAliasui diTTivAe a||" 201. 198. "sUryAzvayoriva yayau tayoH putrau babhUvatuH / AryarakSita ityAyoH dvitIyaH phalgurakSitaH // 9 // " 199. " dhik ! samAdhIta, zAstraughaM bahvAyavakaraprabham / yena me jananI, naiva paritoSamavApitA // 19 // " 200. "navANhe dRSTivAdasya, pUrvANyadhyayanAni vA / dazamaM khaNDamadhyeSye, dadhyauyAniti somabhUH // 54 // " "zrImantosaliputrANAM militaH paramAmudA / pUrvANAM navake sArddhe, saMgRhIto guNodadhiH // 117 // " 202. Avazyaka malaya vRtti, patrAMka 394 203. (ka) "taM ca sUripade nyasya, guravo'guH paraM bhavam / (kha) vahI, patrAMka 21, zlo. 117-118 - Avazyaka malaya vRtti, pR. 383 - prabhAvaka carita, patrAMka 9 - vahI, patrAMka 9 - pariziSTa parva, sarga 13 athAryarakSitAcAryaH, prAyAt dazapuraM puram // " - prabhAvaka carita, patrAMka 12 204. vyavahAracUrNi u. 8 205. "deviMda-vaMdiehiM, maNANubhAvehiM rakkhia - ajjehiM / patrAMka 390 jugamAsajjaM vihatto, aNuogo vA kao cauhA // 774 // " - Avazyaka malaya vRtti, patrAMka 391

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nandIsUtra : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana * 383 . 206. (ka) Avazyakaniyukti 365-370 (kha) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA. 2284-2295 (ga) Avazyakaniyukti, gA. 762 (gha) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA. 2279 207. "vaMdAmi ajjarakkhiya-samaNe, rakkhiya caritta svvsse| rayaNakaraMDagabhUo, aNuogo rakkhio jehiN||' -nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 32 208. "inthaM vasu-pUsamitto ghayapUsamitto dubaliyApUsamitto a laddhisaMpannA vihriyaa|" -vividha tIrthakalpa, pR. 19 209. dekheM-nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 33 210. "vaDDhau vAyagavaMso, jasavaMso ajj-naaghtthiinnN| vAgaraNa-karaNa-bhaMgiya-kampapayaDI-pahANANaM // 34 // " -nandI sthavirAvalI, malaya vRtti 211. "jajcaMjaNa-dhAu-samappahANaM, muddiy-kuvly-nihaannN| vaDDhau vAyagavaMso, devi-nkkhnt-naamaannN||35||" -nandI sthavirAvalI hindI TIkA (AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma.) 212. "ayalapurANikkhaMte, kAliya-suya-ANuogie dhiire|. baMbhadIvaka-sIhe, vAyaga-payamuttamaM ptte||36||" -vahI 213. vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jainakAlagaNanA (himavanta sthavirAvalI) (paM. kalyANa - vijaya jI) 214. jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya (sAdhvI saMghamitrA) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 184-185 215. (ka) vahI, pR. 183 (kha) "bArasa-saMvaccharie mahaMte dubhikkhakAle bhattaTThA aNNaNNato kiDitANaM __gahaNa-guNaNANuppehA bhAvAto sutte vippnnddhe| puNo subbhikkhakAle jAe madhudAe mahate sAdhusamudae khaMdhilAyariya-ppamuha-saMgheNa jo jaM saMbharati tti evaM saMghaDitaM // (ja. 190 pra.) kaaliyyuttN| jamhA ya evaM madhurAe kattaM, tamhA mAdhurA vAyaNA bhnnnnti|" __ -nandIsUtracUrNi, pR. 9 216. nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 37, hindI TIkA 217. jainadharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya (sAdhvI saMghamitrA) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 184-185 218. nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 38, hindI TIkA se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 41 219. vahI, hindI TIkA, gA. 39 se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 42 / / 220. . . . . . . . tatto durbhikSAtikrame subhikSapravRttau dvayoH sNghyormelaapko'bhvt| tadyathA-ekovallabhyAm ekomthuraayaam| tatra ca sUtrArtha-saMghaTane paraspara-vAcanA bhedo jaatH| vismRtayorhi sUtrArthayoH smRtvA bhavatyavazya-vAcanAbhedo na kaacidnumpttiH|" -jyotiSkakaraNDaka TIkA

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384 mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana 221. (ka) nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 41-45 (kha) nandIsUtra vivecana ( hindI bhASA TIkA sahita ) ( AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma.) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 43-46 222. (ka) nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gA. 46 (kha) nandIsUtra vivecana ( hindI bhASA TIkA sahita ) ( AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma.) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 46-47 223. (ka) nandIsUta sthavirAvalI, gA. 47-49 (kha) nandIsUtra vivecana (vahI), pR. 47-50 224. (ka) vahI, gA. 50 (kha) vahI ( vivecana ), pR. 50 225. dekheM- nandIsUtra, mUla pATha, gA. 51-54 226. (ka) vahI, sUtra 1-5 (kha) nandIsUtra hindI TIkA sahita (AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma.) kI prastAvanA se bhAva grahaNa 227. anuyogadvArasUtra, khaNDa 1 ( AtmajJAna pIyUSavarSiNI vyAkhyA sahita ) (paM. ra. jJAna muni jI ) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 52 228. (ka) dekheM - vahI, pR. 53-56 (kha) isa sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekhiye - vahI, vyAkhyA, pR. 50-59 229. (ka) nandIsUtra kI prastAvanA (muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ) (kha) anyatra nandIsUtra ke prArambha meM 90 padyAtmaka gAthAe~ tathA 59 gadyasUtra haiM, aisA ullekha hai| dekheM - prAkRta bhASA kA itihAsa (DaoN. nemicandra jaina) meM 230. nandIsUtra vivecana ( hindI bhASA TIkA sahita ) ( AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI ma. ) se bhAva grahaNa, pR. 59-60 231. "paMcasae paNasIe, vikkamakAlAo jhatti atthamio / haribhaddasUri sUro, bhaviyANaM dissau kallANaM // " Wang Fang 5 Bian Wan Wan Bian Wan phaphaphapha - vicAra zreNi

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mUlasUtra : eka parizIlana prastuta kRti paricaya jainadharma-paramparA kA AdhAra hai aagm| AgamoM meM mUla Agama-arthAt ahiMsA, satya Adi pAMca mahAvratoM ke samyak paripAlana kI vidhi-niSedha rUpa AcAra mArga kA pratipAdaka zAstra mUla sUtra hai| mUla ke AdhAra para hI vicAroM kA bhavya mandira TikatA hai| isalie sabase pahale jJeya-upAdeya hai aacaardhrm| AcArya zrI devendra muni jI mahArAja ne cAroM mUla sUtroM ke viSayoM para, unameM Aye hae vidhi-niSedhoM kA tathA AcAra, tattvajJAna Adi ke bheda-prabhedoM kA artha, vyAravyA, vivecana karate hue unase sambandhita sabhI viSayoM para aitihAsika dRSTi se gambhIra vivecana tathA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| jijJAsu kI dRSTi meM uThane vAlI jijJAsAoM kA; tArkika kI dRSTi meM uThane vAlI takoM kA aura buddhivAdI kI dRSTi meM, mata-matAntaroM kI zailI ke viSaya meM uThane vAle praznoM kA svayaM hI jijJAsu, tArkika aura zodhaka banakara uThAyA hai aura unakA yuktiyukta samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai, isa vivecana meN| ina prastAvanAoM ko par3hakara Apa cAra mUla sUtroM ke sambandha meM vaha saba kucha jAna sakate haiM, jo jAnanA Avazyaka hai| vaha samajha sakate haiM; jo chor3anA Avazyaka hai aura svIkAra karanA hai| manoyoga pUrvaka par3hiye aura apanI jJAna dRSTi ko vistRta, bahuAyAmI, suspaSTa bnaaiye| -zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa' &