Jain Dharma ka Yapniya Sampraday

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002068/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA : 59 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI puSpa : 110 vidyApITha jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sabhA lekhaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina pradhAna sampAdaka 0 sAgaramala jaina pro0 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura .

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lekhaka ___DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA janma madhyapradeza ke zAjApura nagara meM san 1932 meM huA thaa| san 1963 meM Apa ema0 e0 ( darzanazAstra ) karane ke pazcAt 1964 se madhyapradeza zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya meM pravaktA pada para kAryarata ho gaye / 1969 meM Apane 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' jaise gambhIra viSaya para pI-eca0 DI0 kii| 19.4 se 1979 taka lagAtAra zikSaNa kArya karane ke pazcAt 1979 meM Apako pAzrvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka pada hetu Amantrita kiyA gayA jisakI Apane saharSa svIkRti de dii| taba se Apa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka pada ko suzobhita kara rahe haiN| Apane lagabhaga 20 svatantra granthoM kA praNayana tathA 60 se bhI adhika granthoM kA kuzala sampAdana kiyA hai / 20 chAtra aba taka Apake nirdezana meM pI-eca0 DI0 prApta kara cuke haiN| Apake anekoM zodha-patra deza-videza ke vibhinna-patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| jaina sAhitya kI viziSTa sevAoM ke lie Apako aneka puraskAroM se sammAnita kiyA jA cukA hai jinameM DipTImala puraskAra, praNavAnanda darzana puraskAra, AcArya hastImala puraskAra evaM rAmapuriyA puraskAra mukhya haiM / akhila bhAratIya jaina vidvat pariSad ke Apa saMsthApaka rahe haiN| 1985 evaM 1993 meM Apako vizvadharma saMsada zikAgo meM jaina dharma ke pratinidhi pravaktA ke rUpa meM Amantrita kiyA gyaa| Aja bhI prativarSa jaina dharma-darzana para viziSTa vyAkhyAna hetu Apako amerikA, iMglaiMDa Adi dezoM meM Amantrita kiyA jAtA hai| Jalin ducation international Oprivateersonal Use Only wwmarnelibrary.org

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA : 59 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI puSpa : 110 jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya lekhaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura

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prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI . po. : bI0 eca0 yU0, vArANasI - 221 005 dUrabhASa : 311462 evaM prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI 3826, yati zyAmalAla jI kA upAzraya motI siMha. bhomiyoM kA rAstA jayapura * 302 003 ( rAja0) prathama saMskaraNa : 1996 mUlya : 100.00 rupaye varddhamAna mudraNAlaya, vArANasI - 10 ISBN 81-96715-17-7 Publisher Parsvanatha Vidyapitha I. T. I. Road, Karaundi, P.O. : B. H. U., Varanasi - 221 005 Phone : 311462 Prakrta Bharati Academy 3826, Yati Shyamlal Ji Ka Upashraya Moti Singh Bhomiyon Ka Rasta Jaipur - 302003 (Raj.) First Edition : 1996 Price : Rs. 100.00 Printed at Vardharnan Mudranalaya Varanasi - 10

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prakAzakIya jaina dharma ke do pramukha sampradAya digambara aura zvetAmbara to prasiddha hI haiM, kintu inake atirikta jainoM kA eka sampradAya aura bhI thA, jo yApanIya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| yaha sampradAya IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI se lekara pandrahavIM zatI taka kI eka sahasra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM astitva meM rahA hai| sAhitya aura zilpa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se jaina dharma ko isakA avadAna mahattvapUrNa rahA hai| isa sampradAya ke anekoM grantha Aja bhI digambara paramparA meM Agamatulya mAne jAte haiN| isa sampradAya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM ke madhya eka yojaka kar3I kA kArya karatA hai| jahA~ eka ora yaha strImukti, kevalI-bhukti tathA AgamoM kA astitva Adi praznoM para zvetAmbara paramparA se sahamata hai, to vahIM dUsarI ora muni kI acelatA ko lekara digambara paramparA kA bhI samarthana karatA hai| lagabhaga sahasra varSa kI lambI avadhi meM isa sampradAya meM aneka AcArya aura muni hue haiM, jinhoMne vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| isake atirikta isa sampradAya se sambandhita aneka mandira evaM abhilekha bhI upalabdha hote haiM, jo isakI mahattA ko sthApita karate haiN| isa prakAra aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hote hue bhI isa sampradAya ke viSaya meM janasAdhAraNa evaM vidvat varga donoM hI meM jAnakArI kA prAyaH abhAva hI hai| kucha svatantra lekhoM aura mAtra zrImatI kusuma paToriyA kI kRti yApanIya sampradAya aura usakA sAhitya ko chor3a kara isa sampradAya ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI prakAza meM nahIM AyI hai| isa sambandha meM jaina vidyA ke adhikRta vidvAna DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne gambhIratA se adhyayana karake isa vRhadkAya grantha kI racanA kI hai| isa grantha meM unhoMne sampradAya nirapekSa hokara tathyoM ko prastuta karane kA yathAsambhava prayatna kiyA hai| prastuta kRti ke mUlya aura mahattva kA nirdhAraNa to vidvadagaNa kareMge, hameM to kevala itanA toSa hai ki hamane isa ajJAta sampradAya ke sambandha meM eka prasiddha lekhaka kI kRti ko prakAzita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai jisase jana-jana ko isa sampradAya ke sambandha meM jAnakArI upalabdha ho ske| prastuta kRti kA prakAzana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI aura prAkRta

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[ iv ] bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura donoM ke dvArA saMyukta rUpa se kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha grantha saMyukta rUpa se prakAzita ho isake lie prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna ke nidezaka mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI ke prayatnoM evaM grantha ke lekhaka evaM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ke nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kI sahayoga bhAvanA ko bhI vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ye donoM hI saMsthAe~ sampradAya nirapekSa dRSTi se jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM kArya kara rahI haiM aura yahI kAraNa thA ki donoM saMsthAoM ne sampradAya nirapekSa dRSTi se likhe gaye isa grantha ke prakAzana kA dAyitva vahana kiyA hai aura isake prakAzana meM Arthika sahayoga kiyA hai| isa grantha ke lekhana-mudraNa Adi kA sampUrNa kArya pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM hI huA hai, ataH grantha ke prakAzana kI isa belA meM hama vidyApITha ke samasta sTApha aura mudraka mahAvIra presa ke prati dhanyavAda jJApita karate haiN| bhavadIya devendrarAja mehatA mAnada saciva, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura bhUpendranAtha jaina mAnada saciva, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI

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lekhakIya prastuta kRti ke praNayana kI kathA atyanta rocaka hai / yadyapi aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA kA sahI rUpa meM pratinidhitva karane vAlA tathA tamAna zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparAoM ke madhya yojaka kar3I ke rUpa meM vikasita yaha sampradAya merI adhyayana-ruci kA viSaya to thA hI aura isIlie isa para pro0 upAdhyAya evaM paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ke nibandhoM ke AdhAra para lagabhaga 6070 pRSThoM kI eka laghu pustikA likhane kA nirNaya lekara yaha kArya prArambha bhI kiyA thaa| taba maiMne yaha svapna meM bhI nahIM socA thA ki yaha kRti itanA vRhada AkAra le legii| mAtra socA yahI thA ki 'zramaNa' ke vibhinna aMkoM meM dhArAvAhika lekha ke rUpa meM ise prakAzita kara bAda meM isa laghu kRti ko svataMtra rUpa se mudrita karavA diyA jaayegaa| isI Azaya ke sAtha 'zramaNa' ke do aMkoM meM isa kRti kI prArambhika sAmagrI kampojiMga hetu presa ko dI gyii| jaba usakA prUpha AyA to maiMne dekhA ki usa prUpha ke pIche kI tarapha yApanIya sampradAya aura usakA sAhitya nAmaka kisI anya kRti kA prUpha bhI thA, jo usI presa meM mudrita ho rahI thI jahA~ hamane apanI kRti mudraNArtha dI thii| jaba maiMne sambandhita presa se samparka sthApita kiyA to jJAta huA ki zrImatI kusuma paToriyA kI yaha kRti Adhe se adhika chapa cukI hai aura jalda hI pUrNa hone vAlI hai| ataH maiMne apanI kRti kA kampojiMga kArya una do pharmoM ke bAda roka diyA jo zramaNa ( julAI, 1988 ) ke sAtha kRti ke prathama adhyAya ke rUpa meM mudrita ho cuke the| zrImatI paToriyA kI usa kRti kA jaba maiMne adhyayana kiyA to mujhe yaha lagA ki isa sandarbha meM paryApta saMzodhana karake abhI bahuta kucha likhA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki zrImatI paToriyA kI kRti se do tathya spaSTa rUpa se ubhara kara mere sAmane Aye the, eka to yaha ki usameM zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya ke AdhAra para tathyoM ke Akalana ke binA hI niSkarSa nikAla liye gaye the| dUsare yaha ki adhikAMza niSkarSa pUrva ke digambara vidvAnoM - vizeSarUpa se paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra Adi ke lekhoM para AdhArita the| unameM koI navInatA nahIM thii| yadyapi aneka saMdarbho meM maiM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI aura zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ke niSkarSoM se sahamata huA hU~ kintu adhikAMzataH yaha kRti pUrva vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA ke rUpa meM hI hai| maiMne unakI samIkSA evaM navIna tathyoM ke

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[ vi ] udghATana kI dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara isa kRti ke praNayana ko gati dI aura isa kArya maiMne digambara sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha zvetAmbara Agamika evaM Agametara sAhitya ko bhI AdhAra banAyA / kRti ke mUlya aura mahattva kA Akalana karanA to vidvAnoM kA kArya hai, kintu isa sambandha meM maiM apanI ora se yaha nivedana kara denA cAhU~gA ki prastuta kRti ke praNayana kI dIrgha kAlAvadhi ke daurAna aneka navIna tathyoM evaM jAnakAriyoM ke upalabdha hone para merI avadhAraNAoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM parivartana huA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prArambha meM maiMne mUlasaMgha ko digambara mAna liyA thA, kintu bAda meM mujhe jo sAkSya upalabdha hue unake AdhAra para maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki vastutaH mUlasaMgha ke prAcIna abhilekhIya ullekha digambara nahIM, balki yApanIya haiM / yApanIya granthoM kI mUlAcAra, mUla ArAdhanA ( bhagavatI ArAdhanA ) jaisI saMjJAyeM hamAre ukta niSkarSa kA samarthana karatI haiN| pA~cavIM zatI ke lagabhaga jaba isa sampradAya kA yApanIya nAmakaraNa huA, taba taka digambara sampradAya to 'nirgrantha sampradAya' nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| cauthI pA~cavIM zatI ke jina do abhilekhoM meM 'mUlasaMgha' zabda kA prayoga huA hai vahA~ ve zabda yApanIyoM ke hI sUcaka haiN| pAThakoM se merA anurodha hai ki kRti meM jahA~ kahIM aise kucha antarvirodha parilakSita hoM, vahA~ paravartI ullekha ko navIna zodha kA niSkarSa mAnakara use hI merA mantavya mAnA jAya / vastutaH prastuta kRti ke praNayana meM aneka zvetAmbara evaM digambara granthoM ke AdyopAnta adhyayana kI aparihAryatA ke kAraNa paryApta zrama ke sAtha-sAtha samaya bhI lagA, kintu isase merI aneka pUrva avadhAraNAe~ TUTIM aura aneka naye tathya merI jAnakArI meM Aye / isase bAdhya hokara mujhe apane paravartI lekhana meM apane hI pUrva niSkarSoM se bhinna niSkarSoM kI sthApanA karanI par3I hai, jo merI anAgrahI dRSTi kA pariNAma hai / isa samasta adhyayana se maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki jaina saMgha meM jo vibhinna sampradAyoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa huA, vaha deza - kAlagata paristhitiyoM evaM anya sahavartI paramparAoM ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai| ataH unameM maulika virodha nahIM hai / zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAyoM kA udbhava vastutaH uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para hue parivartanoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI huA hai| jaina samAja kA yaha durbhAgya rahA hai ki usane aitihAsika pariprekSya meM apane vibhinna sampradAyoM ke udbhava aura vikAsa ko samajhane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA aura yaha nahIM dekhA gayA ki ve kyoM aura kina paristhitiyoM meM aura kinake prabhAva se vikasita hue haiN| merI yaha kRti nizcaya hI donoM paramparAoM ke AgrahI dRSTikoNoM ko

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[ vii : jhakajhoregI aura unameM samavAya lie eka nayI dizA pradAna kregii| isa kati meM mere jo niSkarSa haiM ve yathA sambhava sAmpradAyika AgrahoM se Upara uThakara mAtra aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para nikAle gaye haiN| isa lekhana meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agamika aura anya sAhitya kI merI jAnakArI mere lie sahayogI huI hai, phira bhI maiMne digambara paramparA ke granthoM kI kahIM upekSA nahIM kI hai, varan unakA bhI AdyopAnta adhyayana kara eka saMtulita dRSTikoNa prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yadyapi maiM apanI bhASA meM saMyata rahA hU~ phira bhI kahIM-kahIM AgrahI dRSTikoNoM para coTa karane ke lie merI lekhanI meM kaThoratA AyI hai, kintu merA anurodha hai ki ise kisI prakAra kI durbhAvanA kA pratIka na mAnakara sAmpradAyika vyAmohoM ke prati merI antarvyathA kI abhivyakti hI mAnA jAya / phira bhI yadi merI lekhanI se kisI ko koI coTa pahu~catI ho to maiM usake lie kSamA prArthI huuN| prastuta kRti ke prArambha ke do adhyAya, jo yApanIya sampradAya ke udbhava, vikAsa evaM usake gacchoM, kuloM evaM anvayoM se sambandhita haiM, vastutaH atyanta saMkSipta hI haiM, kyoMki ve yApanIya sampradAya para eka saMkSipta grantha likhane ke uddezya se hI likhe gaye the, kintu yApanIya sAhitya vAlA isakA tIsarA adhyAya ati vistRta ho gayA hai aura asantulita sA lagatA hai| isakA mUlabhUta kAraNa yaha hai ki eka ora jahA~ isa adhyAya meM mujhe zrImatI kusuma paToriyA dvArA yApanIya mAne gaye granthoM ke saMdarbha meM unake mantavyoM kI samIkSA karanI par3I hai, jisameM pakSa evaM vipakSa donoM ke mantavyoM para vicAra Avazyaka thA vahIM dUsarI ora mere adhyayana ke krama meM jina aneka navIna yApanIya granthoM kI jAnakArI mujhe milI unheM bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se isa adhyAya meM samAhita karanA par3A hai| isase AkAra asaMtulita ho gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM mujhe tattvArthasUtra kisa paramparA kA grantha hai ise lekara lagabhaga 160 pRSThoM kA lekha savistAra likhanA par3A kyoMki use apanI paramparA kA siddha karane hetu zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paramparA ke vidvAnoM ke apane-apane tarka haiM aura mujhe unakI samIkSA karanI par3I hai| isake vistAra kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI rahA hai ki isa adhyAya kA lekhana aura prakAzana donoM sAtha-sAtha calate rahe aura lagabhaga 4 varSoM kI sudIrgha avadhi meM yaha adhyAya pUrNa huA aura maiM usa daurAna upalabdha navIna-navIna sAmagrI ke saMkalana kA moha saMvaraNa nahIM kara skaa| kRti kA antima adhyAya mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM hai jisameM vistAra se bacane ke lie yApanIya saMgha kI kevala unhIM mAnyatAoM kI carcA kI hai, jo usakI apanI viziSTa haiM aura jinheM lekara usakA zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM se virodha hai| zeSa mAnyatAoM, jo tInoM

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[ viii ] sampradAyoM meM samAna haiM, kI carcA mAtra piSTapeSaNa hogA, yaha samajhakara usakI upekSA kara dI gayI hai| isa kRti ke anta meM eka aura adhyAya jor3ane kI merI icchA thI jisameM yApanIya AcAryoM ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kA vivecana kiyA jAnA thA, kintu grantha ke vistAra-bhaya se tathA merI prazAsanika vyastatAoM se prakAzanakArya meM Age aura adhika vilamba na ho jAya, ise dhyAna meM rakhakara lekhanI ko yahIM virAma denA par3a rahA hai| sambhava huA to bhaviSya meM yApanIya AcAryoM kA jaina dharma ko avadAna nAmaka eka svatantra pustikA prastuta karane kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| anta meM maiM una sabhI ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karanA cAhU~gA jinakA pratyakSa yA parokSa sahayoga mujhe isa kRti ke praNayana meM milA hai| sarvaprathama to maiM zrImatI kusuma paToriyA kA AbhArI hU~ jinakI kRti mere lekhana, cintana aura samIkSA-mantavyoM ke prastutIkaraNa kA upajIvya banI hai| yadi unakI kRti mere samakSa nahIM hotI to sambhavataH yaha grantha mAtra 100 pRSThoM meM hI simaTa kara raha gayA hotaa| isake adhyAyoM ke vargIkaraNa evaM viSaya ke prastutIkaraNa meM maiMne unakI kRti yApanIya sampradAya aura usakA sAhitya kA pUrA lAbha uThAyA hai phira bhI maiM spaSTa kara denA cAhU~gA ki unake aura mere niSkarSa aneka binduoM para bilkula bhinna haiM / prastuta kRti unakI kRti kA anukaraNa mAtra na hokara vastutaH unake mantavyoM kI vyApaka samIkSA hI hai, jo anekAneka navIna tathyoM kA udghATana karatI hai, phira bhI unakA itanA RNa to mujhe avazya svIkAra karanA hogA ki unakI kRti ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI merI prastuta kRti astitva meM AI hai| isake atirikta prastuta kRti ke praNayana meM mere AdhAra bane haiM - pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye aura paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ke lekha / ina sabhI ke mantavyoM ko maiMne yathA avasara uddhRta aura ullekhita bhI kiyA hai| vicAra-samIkSA kI dRSTi se vizeSa rUpa se tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke nirdhAraNa meM maiMne paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra aura DaoN0 darabArI lAlajI koThiyA ke lekhana ko bhI AdhAra banAyA hai aura unheM kahIM-kahIM sampUrNa rUpa se uddhRta bhI kiyA hai| ataH maiM ina sabhI kA AbhArI huuN| isa sambandha meM maiM paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA aura pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI kA bhI AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne mujhe dizA pradAna kii| isake sAtha hI maiM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke una sabhI sahayogI sAthiyoM ko bhI dhanyavAda denA cAhU~gA jinake sahayoga ke abhAva meM isa kRti ke prakAzana meM aura kitanA vilamba hotA, yaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| isa sandarbha meM maiM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pravaktA DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha, DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya, DaoN zivaprasAda, DaoN0 indrezacandra siMha, DaoN0 rajjanakumAra evaM zodha adhyetA DaoN0 jayakRSNa tripAThI tathA zrI asImakumAra mizra ke

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[ ix ] sahayoga ko vismRta nahIM kara sakatA jinhoMne alaga-alaga rUpoM meM isakA DikTezana lene, presa kApI taiyAra karane, zabda anukramaNikA banAne evaM prUpha saMzodhana Adi meM merA sahayoga kiyaa| yadyapi prastuta kRti ke prakAzana kI prakriyA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM prArambha ho gayI thI, kintu AdaraNIya zrI devendrarAja mehatA, saciva, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI tathA mahopAdhyAya paM0 vinayasAgara, nidezaka, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura ke Agraha aura sneha ke vazIbhUta hokara maiMne ise pArthanAtha vidyApITha evaM prAkRta bhAratI donoM saMsthAoM se sammilita rUpa se prakAzita karavAne kA nirNaya liyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha aura vizeSa rUpa se usake mantrI, bhAI bhUpendranAtha jI jaina kA to mere Upara RNa hai hI, kyoMki unake dvArA upalabdha sAdhana suvidhAoM ke AdhAra para hI isa kRti kA praNayana ho pAyA hai| prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI kA vizeSarUpa se usake saciva devendrarAjajI mehatA aura nidezaka, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI kA bhI maiM utanA hI AbhArI hU~ jinhone pUrva meM merI chaH pustakoM kA prakAzana kiyA hai| cUMki donoM hI saMsthAe~ sampradAya nirapekSa hokara jaina vidyA ke vikAsa meM kAryarata haiM, ataH unake dvArA saMyukta rUpa se isa kRti kA prakAzana ho, isameM mujhe kisI prakAra kA koI saMkoca bhI nahIM thaa| isase donoM saMsthAoM kA arthabhAra bhI kama huA hai| isa kRti meM prastuta niSkarSa aura vicAra mere apane haiM aura prakAzana saMsthAe~ usake lie uttaradAyI nahIM haiM, yadyapi inhoMne merI svatantra abhivyakti ko jo mAna diyA hai usake lie maiM unakA AbhArI huuN| maiM una sabhI vidvAnoM ke sujhAoM, mArgadarzana evaM samIkSAoM kA AbhArI rahU~gA jo prastuta kRti kA adhyayana kara apane mantavyoM se mujhe avagata kraayeNge| ho sakatA hai ki unake dvArA prastuta vicArabinduoM ke AdhAra para isakA agalA saMskaraNa aura adhika sazakta aura sundara bana sake / prastuta kRti ke prakAzana meM mere kAraNa jo anapekSita vilamba huA hai usake lie maiM prakAzaka aura pAThaka donoM se kSamA prArthI huuN| 1 apraila, 1996 mahAvIra jayantI sAgaramala jaina nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI

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adhyAya prakAzakIya lekhakIya viSaya sUcI 1 : viSaya praveza yApanIya zabda kA artha 2, yApanIya aura boTika 8, yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti 12, yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti kathA 21, yApanIyoM kA utpatti sthala 26, yApanIya saMgha ke abhilekhIya sAkSya 27 / 2 : yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya 33 punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa 34, kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa 35, zrImUlamUlagaNa 35, punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa 35, kaNDUra/kANUragaNa 37, kumudigaNa /kumuligaNa 39, korayagaNa 39, koTimaDuvagaNa 40, bandiyUragaNa ( vADiyUragaNa ) 41, yApanIya saMgha ke anya gaNa 41, yApanIya saMgha kA anya saMghoM se saMbaMdha 43, nirgrantha saMgha aura mUlasaMgha 44, mUlasaMgha (nirgrantha saMgha ) kA yApanIyoM se saMbaMdha 46, kUrcaka aura yApanIya 48, drAvir3a saMgha aura yApanIya saMgha 55, kASThAsaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha 56, mAthurasaMgha 60, punnATa saMgha aura yApanIya saMgha 61, lAr3abAgar3a gaccha aura yApanIya 64, yApanIya aura zvetAmbara 65 / 3 : yApanIya sAhitya yApanIyoM ke Agama 68, kyA yApanIya Agama vatarmAna zvetAmbara AgamoM se bhinna the ? 71, kisI grantha ko yApanIya mAnane kA AdhAra 81, yApanIya AcAryoM dvArA racita Agamika sAhitya 82, kasAyapAhuDasutta 82, SaTkhaNDAgama 90, dharasena, unakI paramparA aura kAla 90, puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali 98, prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama 105, sthAnAMga aura SaTkhaNDAgama 105, Avazyaka - niyukti aura SaTkhaNDAgama 106, yativRSabha ke kasAyapAhuDa cUrNisUtra aura tiloyapaNNatti 108, bhagavatI - ArAdhanA 120, mUlAcAra pR0 saM0 1 - 32 67 68 - 384

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[ xii ] aura usakI paramparA 130, piNDachedazAstra 143, chedazAstra 153, aparAjitasUri kI vijayodayA TIkA 154, Avazyaka sUtra (pratikramaNa sUtra ) 160, bRhatkathAkoza ( ArAdhanAkathAkoza) 165, bRhatkathAkoza ke yApanIyatva meM bAdhaka tathya aura unake prAmANya kA prazna 169, hariSeNa aura jinasenaracita harivaMzapurANa 170, mahAkavi svayaMbhU aura unakA paumacariu 180, jaTAsiMhanandi kA varAGcarita aura usakI paramparA 185, pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana aura unakA zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa 200, zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana kI yApanIya TIkAe~ 203, zAkaTAyana ke strImukti aura kevalIbhukti prakaraNa 205, prabhAcandrakRta tattvArthasUtra 206, vimalasUri aura unake paumacariyaM kI paramparA 208, paumacariyaM kI digambara paramparA se nikaTatA sambandhI kucha tathya 208, siddhasena divAkara aura unake sanmatisUtra kI paramparA 223, kyA siddhasena digambara haiM ? 225, siddhasena ke kAla ke AdhAra para unake sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa 230, kyA siddhasena yApanIya haiM ? 232, tattvArthasutra aura usakI paramparA 239, tattvArthasUtra ke kartA 240, tattvArtha ke AdhArabhUta grantha 244, kyA umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra kundakunda ke grantha haiM ? 247, tattvArthasUtra ke mUlapATha kA prazna 253, sUtroM kA vilopana evaM vRddhi 254, sUtragata matabheda 255, kyA tattvArthasUtra kA bhASya-mAnya pATha aprAmANika aura paravartI hai ? 257, kyA vAcaka umAsvAti aura unakA tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara paramparA kA hai ? 262, kyA prazamaratiprakaraNa aura tattvArthabhASya bhinnakRtaka haiM ? 267, kyA tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya bhinnakRtaka haiM ? 278, sarvArthasiddhi kA pAThasaMzodhana kyoM ? 292, vicAra-vikAsa kI dRSTi se sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya kA pUrvAparatva 299, tattvArthabhASya kI svopajJatA evaM prAcInatA 305, bhASya kI prAcInatA 306, svopajJabhASya kI AvazyakatA 310, tattvArthasUtra ke kucha sUtroM kA digambara mAnyatAoM se virodha 311, kyA tattvArtha aura usakA svopajJabhASya zvetAmbaroM ke viruddha hai ? 316, kyA tattvArthabhASya kA zvetAmbara paramparA se virodha hai ? 348, kyA tattvArtha yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai ? 350, tattvArtha kA kAla 366, umAsvAti kA janma

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[ xiii ] sthala evaM kAryakSetra 373, umAsvAti kI uccai gara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala U~ceharA ( ma0 pra0 ) 374, umAsvAti kA janma sthAna nAgoda ( ma0 pra0) tattvArtha sUtra kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa 385 / 4 : yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ 386 - 491 yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ 386, zvetAmbara sAhitya meM ullikhita yApanIya saMgha kI mAnyatAe~ 387, digambara sAhitya meM ullikhita yApanIyoM kI mAnyatAe~ 391, strI-mukti, anyatairthika mukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna 392, gRhasthamukti kA prazna 410, kevalI-bhukti kA prazna 415, kevalI kavalAhAra kA niSedha kyoM ? 420, digambara paramparA kA pUrvapakSa 421, yApanIyoM kA uttarapakSa 425, jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 431, prastuta adhyayana kI srota sAmagrI 432, mahAvIra ke pUrva nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra kI sthiti 433, RSabha kA acela dharma 435, pArzva kA sacela dharma 436, vastra ke sambandha meM yApanIya dRSTikoNa 456, nirgrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA 469, jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa 474, pratilekhana/picchI 476, pAyapuMchana ( pAtroMchana ) 479, pAtra ( kamaNDalu ), paMcamahAvrata aura unakI bhAvanAe~ 487, rAtri-bhojana niSedha-chaThA vrata 491 /

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adhyAya-1 viSaya-praveza sAmAnyatayA Aja vidvatvarga aura jana-sAdhAraNa jainadharma ke do pramukha sampradAyoM-zvetAmbara aura digambara se hI paricita haiM, kintu usakA 'yApanIya' nAmaka eka anya mahattvapUrNa sampradAya bhI thA, jo I0 san kI dUsarI zatI se pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka lagabhaga 1400 varSa jIvita rahA aura jisane na kevala anekoM jina-mandira banavAye evaM mUrtiyA~ sthApita kI, apitu jaina-sAhitya ke kSetra meM aura vizeSakara jaina zaurasenI prAkRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa avadAna bhI pradAna kiyaa| yaha sampradAya Aja se 50 varSa pUrva taka jaina samAja ke lie bhI pUrNataH ajJAta banA huA thaa| saMyoga se vigata 50 varSoM kI zodhAtmaka pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa isa sampradAya ke kucha abhilekha evaM grantha prakAza meM Aye haiN| phira bhI abhI taka isa sampradAya para cAra-pA~ca lekhoM ke atirikta koI bhI vizeSa sAmagro prakAzita nahIM huI hai| sarvaprathama pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye evaM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne hI isa sambandha meM kucha lekha prakAzita kiye the, kintu unake pazcAt isa dizA meM punaH udAsInatA A gaI thii| prastuta 1. a- Indian Antiquary VII pp. 34 b- H. Luders : E. IV, P 238 c-nAthUrAma premI : jaina hitaiSI, XIII pR0 250-75 d-A. N. Upadhye : Journal of the University of Bombay, 1956, I-VI pp 224 ff; e-nAthUrAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-dvitIya saMskaraNa (bambaI 1956) pR0 56, 155, 521 f-P. B. Desai : Jainism in South India, pp. 163-66 Adi / g-e0 ena0 upAdhye : jaina sampradAya ke yApanIya saMgha para kucha aura prakAza, anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 244-253 / / 2. DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA kA 'yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya' nAmaka grantha sadyaH hI prakAzita huA hai|

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2 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya Alekha usI udAsInatA ko tor3ane kA eka prayAsa mAtra hai / AzA hai jaina - vidyA ke vidvAn isa dizA meM punaH sakriya hoNge| Aja vizRGkhalita hote hue jaina samAja ke lie isa sampradAya kA jJAna aura bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isa sampradAya ko mAnyatAe~ Aja bhI jainadharma kI digambara aura zvetAmbara zAkhAoM ke bIca yojaka kar3I bana sakatI haiM / durbhAgya se Aja bhI aneka jaina vidvAn aura munijana yaha nahIM jAnate haiM ki jainadharma kA eka aisA bhI sampradAna, jo zvetAmbara aura digambara ke madhya eka yojaka kar3I ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thA evaM lagabhaga 1400 varSoM taka apane ko jIvita banAye rakhakara Aja se lagabhaga 600 varSa pUrva kAla ke garbha meM aisA vilIna ho gayA ki Aja loga usakA nAma taka bhI nahIM jAnate haiM / Aja jainadharma meM 'yApanIya' paramparA kA koI bhI anuyAyI zeSa nahIM hai / Aja yaha paramparA mAtra itihAsa ko vastu banakara raha gayI hai / kintu inake dvArA sthApita mandira evaM mUrtiyA~ tathA sRjita sAhitya sahaja hI Aja hameM usakA smaraNa karA dete haiN| Aja jaba jaina dharma meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza dRDhamUla hotA jA rahA hai, yApanIya saMgha ke itihAsa aura unakI mAnyatAoM kA bodha na kevala jaina saMgha meM samanvaya kA sUtrapAta kara sakatA hai, varan TTate hue jaina saMgha ko punaH ekatA kI kar3I meM jor3a sakatA hai / vastutaH 'yApanIya' paramparA vaha setu hai, jo zvetAmbara aura digambara ke bIca kI khAI ko pATane meM Aja bhI mahattva - pUrNa bhUmikA adA kara sakatA hai| agrima paMktiyoM meM hama aise mahattvapUrNa aura samanvayavAdI sampradAya ke sandarbha meM gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se kucha vicAra karane kA prayatna kareMge / yApanIya zabda kA artha bhASA evaM uccAraNa bheda ke AdhAra para Aja hameM 'yApanIya' zabda ke aneka rUpa upalabdha hote haiM yathA - yApanIya, jApanIya, yapanI, ApanIya, yApuliya, Apuliya, jApuliya, jAvuloya, jAviliya, jAvaliya, jAvaligeya Adi Adi / ' 'yApanIya' zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga hameM jaina Agama sAhitya aura pAlI tripiTaka sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai / prAkRta aura pAlI sAhitya meM 'yApanAya ' zabda kA prayoga kuzala-kSema pUchane ke prasaMga meM hI 1. e0 ena0 upAdhye : jaina sampradAya ke yApanIya saMgha para kucha aura prakAza, anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 246

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viSaya-praveza : 3 huA hai| dUsaroM se kuzala-kSema pUchate samaya yaha pUchA jAtA thA ki ApakA 'yApanIya' kaisA hai ( ki yApanIyaM ?) / 'bhagavatI' nAmaka jaina Agama meM yApanIya zabda kA prAkRta rUpa 'javanijja' prApta hotA hai| usameM somila nAmaka brAhmaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se prazna karatA hai-he bhante / ApakI yAtrA kaisI huI ? ApakA yApanIya kaisA hai ? ApakA svAsthya (avvAvaha) kaisA hai ? ApakA vihAra kaisA hai ? bhagavatI aura jJAtAdharmakathA meM isa prasaMga meM do prakAra ke yApanIyoM kI carcA bhI huI hai-indriya yApanIya aura no-indriya yApanIya / indriya yApanIya ko vyAkhyA karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki merI zrotra Adi pA~coM indriyA~ vyAdhirahita evaM mere niyantraNa meM haiN| isI prakAra no-indriya yApanIya ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne kahA thA ki mere krodha, mAna, mAyA evaM lobha vicchinna yA nimala ho gaye haiM, aba ve abhivyakta yA prakaTa nahIM hote haiM / ___uparyukta carcA se spaSTa rUpa se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavatosUtra meM indriya aura mana kI niyantrita evaM zAnta sthiti ke artha meM hI yApanIya zabda kA prayoga huA hai| indriyoM kI vRttiyoM aura mana ko vAsanAoM kA zAnta evaM niyantrita honA hI yApanIya kI kuzalatA 1. jattA te bhaMte ? javaNijjaM ( te bhaMte ? ) avvAbAhaM ( te bhaMte ) phAsuya vihAraM ( te bhaMte ? ) ? somilA ! jattA vi me, javaNijjaM pi me, avvAvAhaM pi me, phAsuyavihAraM pi me| bhagavaI (lADanUM) 10 / 206-207 2. ki te bhaMte ! javaNijja ? sImilA ! javaNijje duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA iMdiyajavaNijje ya, noiMdiyajavaNijje ya // se ki te iMdiyajavaNijje ? iMdiyajavaNijje-jaM me soiMdiya-kkhidiya-dhANidiya-jibhidiyaphAsidiyAI niruvahayAI vase vaTuMti, setta iMdiyajavaNijje / se ki taM noiMdiyajavaNijje ? no-iMdiyajavaNijje jaM me koha-mANa-mAyA-lobhA vocchiNNA no udIreMti, settaM noi diyajavaNijje settaM javaNijje / bhagavaI (lADanUM) 10 / 208-210

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4 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kA sUcaka hai| vastutaH yaha zabda manuSya ke mAnasika kuzala-kSema kA sUcaka hai / 'ki javaNicca' kA artha hai ApakI manodazA kaisI hai ? ataH yApanIya zabda manodazA ( Mood ) yA mAnasika sthiti ( Mental State ) kA sUcaka hai / isa zabda kA prayoga mana kI prasannatA ko jAnane ke lie prazna ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA thA / pAlo sAhitya meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga isI artha meM huA hai / bhagavAn buddha kA apane grAma meM Agamana hAne para bhRgu, bhagavAn se pUchate haiM ki he bhikSu ! ApakA kSamA-bhAva kaisA hai ? ApakA yApanoya kaisA hai ? Apako AhAra Adi ke lAbha meM koI kaThinAI to nahIM haiM ? pratyuttara meM bhagavAn buddha ne kahA, merA kSamA-bhAva ( kSamanIya ) acchA hai, merA yApanoya sundara hai / mujhe AhAra-lAbha meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai' / isa prakAra yahA~ bhI yApanIya zabda jIvana yAtrA ke kuzala-kSema ke sandarbha meM hI prayukta huA hai / 'kacci yApanIyaM' kA artha hai ApakI jovana yAtrA kaisI cala rahI hai ? isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ pAlI sAhitya meM 'yApanIya' zabda jIvana yAtrA ke sAmAnya artha kA sUcaka hai, vahA~ jaina sAhitya meM vaha indriyoM evaM mana kI vRttiyoM yA manodazA kA sUcaka hai, bhagavatA aura jJAtAdharmakathA meM 'indriya-yApanIya' aura 'no indriya-yApanIya' ko spaSTa karate hue yahI batAyA gayA hai ki jisakI indriyA~ svastha aura niyantraNa meM haiM tathA jisakA mana vAsanAoM ke Avega se rahita evaM zAnta ho cukA hai, aise niyantrita indriya aura manavAle vyakti kA yApanIya kuzala hai / yadyapi jahA~ 'yApanIya' zabda indriya aura mana ko vRttiyoM kA sUcaka hai, kintu apane mUla artha meM to yApanIya zabda vyakti ko 'jIvana yAtrA' kA hI sUcaka hai / vyakti ko jIvana yAtrA ke kuzalakSema ko jAnane ke lie hI usa yuga meM yaha prazna kiyA jAtA thA ki ApakA yApanoya kesA hai ? bauddha paramparA meM isI artha meM yApanIya zabda kA prayoga hotA thA kintu jaina paramparA ne use eka AdhyAtmika artha pradAna kiyA thA / jJAtAdharmakathA evaM bhagavatI meM mahAvIra ne 'yAtrA' kA jJAna, darzana aura cAritra 1. AyasmaMtaM bhagu bhagavA etadavoca - " kacci, bhikkhu, khamanIyaM kacci yApanIyaM kacci piNDakena na kilamasI" ti ? khamanIyaM bhagavA, yApanIyaM, bhagavA, na cAhaM, bhante piNDakena kilamAmIti / mahAvaggo 10-4-16

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viSaya-praveza : 5 kI sAdhanA se jor3A to 'yApanIya' ko indriya aura mana kI vRttiyoM se / isa prakAra nirgrantha paramparA meM 'yApanIya' zabda ne eka nayA artha liyaa| pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye yahA~ apanA mata vyakta karate hue likhate haiM ki-"nAyAdhammakahAo ( jJAtAdharmakathA ) meM 'indiya-javaNijje' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA artha yApanIya na hokara yamanIya hotA hai, jo yam ( niyantraNe ) dhAtu se banatA hai| isakI tulanA 'thavaNijje' zabda se kI jA sakatI hai jo sthApanIya zabda ke lie prayukta hotA hai| isa taraha 'javaNijja' kA sahI saMskRta rUpa yApanIya nahIM ho sktaa| ataH 'javaNijja' sAdhu ve haiM jo, yama-yAma kA jIvana bitAte the| isa sandarbha meM pArzva prabhu ke caujjAma--cAturyAma dharma se yama-yAma kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai|" kintu pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA 'javanijja' kA yamanIya artha karanA ucita nahIM hai| yadi unhoMne vinayapiTaka kA upayukta prasaMga dekhA hotA, jisameM 'yApanIya' zabda kA jovanayAtrA ke kuzala-kSema jAnane ke sandarbha meM spaSTa prayoga hai, to sambhavataH ve isa prakAra kA artha nahIM karate / yadi usa yuga meM isa zabda kA 'yamanIya' ke rUpa meM prayoga hotA to phira pAlI sAhitya meM yApanIya zabda kA spaSTa prayoga na milakara 'yamanIya' zabda kA ho prayoga miltaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki mUla zabda 'yApanIya' hI hai, yamanIya nahIM hai / yadyapi AgamoM meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se yApanIya zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue use avazya hI mana aura indriya kI niyantrita yA saMyamita dazA kA sUcaka mAnA gayA hai| yApanIya zabda kI upayukta vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta vidvAnoM ne usakI anya vyAkhyAyeM bhI dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| muni kalyANavijaya jI yApanIya ke uparokta arthoM se sahamata nahIM haiN| ve likhate haiM ki "koI-koI vidvAn "yApanIya" zabda kA artha nirvAha karanA batAte haiM, jo yathArtha nahIM hai| yApanIya nAma par3ane kA khAsa kAraNa unake guruvandana meM Ane vAlA "jAva NijjAe" zabda hai| nirgrantha zramaNa apane bar3eroM (jyeSTa) ko vandana karate samaya nimnalikhita pATha bolate haiM : "icchAmi khamAsamaNo ! vaMdilaM jAvaNijjAe nisIhiAe, aNujAgaha me mi uggahaM nisiihi|" 1. anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 246

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6 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya arthAt "maiM cAhatA hU~, he pUjya ! vandana karane ko, zarIra kI zakti ke anusAra / isa samaya maiM dUsare kAryoM kI tarapha se dhyAna rokatA hU~, mujhe AjJA dIjie, parimita sthAna meM Ane kI / " uparyukta vandanaka sUtra meM Ane vAle jAvaNijjAe - "yApanIya " zabda ke bArambAra uccAraNa karane ke kAraNa logoM meM unakI "yApanIya" nAma se prakhyAti ho gii| logoM ko pUre sUtra pATha ko to AvazyakatA thI nahIM / usameM jo viziSTa zabda bArambAra sunA usI ko pakar3a kara zramaNoM kA vahI nAma rakha diyaa| aisA honA azakya bhI nahIM hai / mAravAr3a ke yatiyoM kA isI prakAra " mattheNa " - yaha nAmakaraNa huA hai / jaba ve eka dUsare se milate haiM athavA jude par3ate haiM taba " matthaeNa vaMdAmi" yaha zabda saMkSipta vandana ke rUpa meM bolA jAtA hai / isako bAra-bAra sunakara bolane vAloM kA nAma hI logoM ne " mattheNa" rakha diyaa| yahI bAta " yApanIya" nAmakaraNa meM samajha lenA cAhie / " " meM merI dRSTi meM kalyANavijayajI kA yApanIya nAmakaraNa ke sambandha prastuta uparokta vivaraNa satya ke nikaTa hai, kintu ve yApanIya zabda ke nirvAha paraka artha kA jo virodha karate haiM vaha samucita nahIM hai / pro0 tailaMga ke anusAra 'yApanIya' kA artha binA Thahare hue sadaiva vihAra karane vAlA hai / sambhava hai ki jaba uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata meM caityavAsa arthAt mandiroM meM apanA maTha banAkara rahane kI pravRtti panapa rahI thI taba una muniyoM ko jo caityavAsa kA virodha kara sadeva vihAra karate the--yApanIya kahA gayA ho / kintu isa vyAkhyA meM kaThinAI yaha hai ki caityavAsa kA vikAsa paravartI hai, vaha IsA kI cauthI yA pA~cavIM zatI meM prArambha huA, jaba ki yApanIya saMgha IsA ko dUsarI ke anta yA tIsarI zatI ke prArambha meM astitva meM A cukA thA / pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI yApanIya zabda ko mUla meM yAvanika mAnate haiM / unake anusAra sambhAvanA yaha hai ki mathurA meM zaka aura kuSANoM ke kAla meM kucha yavana jaina muni bane hoM aura unakI paramparA yAvanika ( yavana + ik) kahI jAtI ho / unake matAnusAra 'yAvanika' zabda hI Age cala kara 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha ( muni kalyANavijayagaNi ) pR0 91 2. pUrvokta, anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 246 //

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viSaya-praveza : 7 yApanIya bana gayo / ' yaha satya hai ki yApanIya paramparA kA vikAsa mathurA meM usI kAla me haA hai, jaba zaka, haNa Adi ke rUpa meM yavana bhAnta meM praviSTa ho cuke the aura mathurA unakA kendra bana gayA thaa| phira bhI vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI dRSTi se yAnika zabda kA yApanIya rUpa banAnAyaha santoSajanaka vyAkhyA nahIM hai / __ saMskRta aura hindI zabda kozoM meM yApana' zabda kA eka artha parityAga karanA yA niSkAsita karanA bhI batAyA gayA hai| pro0 ApTa ne 'yApya' zabda kA artha nikAle jAne yogya, tiraskaraNoya yA nIca bhI batAyA hai. isa AdhAra para yApanIya zabda kA artha nIca, tiraskRta yA niSkAsita bhI hotA hai| ataH sambhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki isa varga ko tiraskRta, niSkAsita yA parityakta mAnakara 'yApanIya' kahA gayA ho| vastutaH prAcIna jaina AgamoM evaM pAlI tripiTaka meM yApatIya zabda jIvanayAtrA ke artha meM hI prayukta hotA thaa| 'ApakA yApanIya kaisA hai' isakA artha hotA thA ki ApakI jIvana-yAtrA kisa prakAra cala rahI hai| isa AdhAra para merA yaha mAnanA hai ki jinakI jIvana-yAtrA suvidhApUrvaka calatI ho ve yApanIya haiN| sambhavataH jisa prakAra uttara bhArata meM zvetAmbaroM ne isa paramparA ko apane sAmpradAyika durabhiniveza meM 'boTika' arthAt bhraSTa yA patita kahA; usI prakAra dakSiNa meM digambara paramparA ne bhI unheM unake suvidhAvAdI jIvana ke AdhAra para athavA unheM tiraskRta mAnakara yApanIya kahA ho| ___isa prakAra hamane yahA~ yApanIya zabda kI sambhAvita vibhinna vyAkhyAoM ko prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu Aja spaSTa pramANoM ke abhAva meM yaha batA pAnA to kaThina hai ki ina vividha vikalpoM meM kisa AdhAra para isa varga ko yApanIya kahA gayA thaa| phira bhI kalyANavijayajI kI mAnyatA adhika yuktisaMgata hai| 1. pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para / 2. a- kAlikA prasAda : bRhat hindI koza (jJAnamaMDala, vArANasI) vi0 saM0 2009, pR0 1068 / (ba)-vAmana zivarAma ApTe : saMskRta-hindI koza (dillI-1984)pR0834 3. vAmana zivarAma ApTe-vahI pR0 834 /

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8 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya yApanIya aura boTika yApanIyoM ke lie zvetAmbara paramparA meM lagabhaga 8vIM zatAbdI taka 'boDiya' (boTika ) zabda kA prayoga hotA rahA hai / " merI jAnakArI ke anusAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM sabase pahale haribhadra ke granthoM meM yApanIya zabda kA prayoga huA hai / phira bhI yApanIya aura boTika eka hI haiMaisA spaSTa ullekha zve 0 sAhitya meM hameM kahIM nahIM milatA hai / haribhadra bhinna-bhinna prasaMgoM meM ina donoM zabdoM kI vyAkhyA to karate haiM, kintu ye donoM zabda paryAyavAcI haiM aisA spaSTa ullekha ve bhI nahIM karate / yadyapi zve0 sAhitya meM 'boTika' aura 'yApanIya' sampradAya ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, use dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki donoM zabda eka hI paramparA ko sUcita karate haiM / 0 AcAryoM ne boTikoM ko jo digambara mAna liyA hai, vaha eka bhrAnti hai | zvetAmbara sAhitya meM ullikhita 'boTika' digambara nahIM haiM', isa tathya ko paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne apane eka lekha - 'kyA boTika digambara haiM ?' - meM bahuta hI spaSTatApUrvaka pratipAdita kiyA hai / unakA yaha lekha Aspects of Jainology Vol, II paM0 becaradAsadozI smRtigraMtha meM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama se hI prakAzita huA hai / ve likhate haiM"vizeSAvazyaka kI vistRta carcA meM vivAda ke viSaya vastra aura pAtra haiM, isameM mukti niSedha kI carcA nahIM hai / digambara saMpradAya meM vastra- pAtra ke alAvA strImukti kA bhI niSedha hai / ataeva jinabhadra ke samaya meM boTika ko digambara saMpradAya ke antargata nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / mudrita AvazyakacUrNi meM jitane aMza meM boTika kI carcA hai, usake mArjina meM 'digambarotpatti' chapA hai / kintu vaha sampAdaka kA bhrama hai / kyoMki cUrNi meM bhI boTika kI carcA meM kahIM bhI strImukti kI carcA ko sthAna nahIM milA hai / ataeva boTika aura digambara meM bheda karanA jarUrI hai / yahA~ yaha bhI batA denA jarUrI hai ki vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthA 2609 kI 1. Avazyaka niyukti (haribhadrIya vRtti) meM upalabdha mUlabhASya gAthA pR0 215-16 / 2 strIgrahaNaM tAsAmapi tadbhava iva saMsArakSayo bhavati iti jJApanArtha vacaH yathoktam yApanIyataMtra" ---- zrIlalitavistarA pR0 57-58, RSabhadeva kezarI - mala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma /

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viSaya-praveza : * TIkA meM boTika carcA kA upasaMhAra karate hue strImukti kI carcA ke lie uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsaveM adhyayana ko TokA ko dekha lene ko kahA hai| vaha bhI unake mata meM boTika aura digambara ko eka mAnane ke bhrama ke kAraNa hai / isa samagra carcA se itanA spaSTa hai ki boTika digambara nahIM the| isa samagra carcA se do phalita nikalate haiM - prathama to yaha ki zvetAmbara granthoM meM boTika nAma se jisa saMpradAya kA ullekha huA hai, vaha digambara saMpradAya se bhinna hai aura jise anyatra yApanIya nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| dUsare digambara saMpradAya - jo strImukti kA niSedha karatA haiusase prAraMbhika zvetAmbara AcArya paricita nahIM the" / " boTikoM kI utpatti - kathA se bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki inhoMne jinakalpa kA viccheda svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA aura vastra ko parigraha mAnakara muni ke lie acelakatA kA hI pratipAdana kiyA thA / zivabhUti dvArA apanI bahana uttarA ko vastra rakhane kI anumati denA yaha bhI sUcita karatA hai ki isa sampradAya meM sAdhviyAM savastra rahatI thIM / isa sampradAya ke tatkAlIna paramparA se matabheda ke jo ullekha milate haiM unase yahI phalita hotA hai ki inakA mukhya vivAda muni ke sacela aura acela hone ke sambandha meM thA / strImukti aura kevalI - kavalAhAra ke sambandha meM inakA koI matabheda nahIM thA athavA yaha kaheM ki yaha prazna usa samaya utpanna hI nahIM huA thA / vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM inheM AcArAMga Adi AgamoM ko svIkAra karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai / ataH boTika digambara paramparA ke samAna na to strI-mukti aura kevala mukti kA niSedha karate the aura na jainAgamoM kA pUrNataH viccheda hI svIkAra karate the / mAtra yaha kahate the ki AgamoM meM jo vastra - pAtra ke ullekha haiM, ve ApavAdika sthiti ke haiM / isa prakAra boTika strI-mukti aura kevalI - kavalAhAra kA niSedha karane vAle aura AcArAMga Adi AgamoM ko vicchinna mAnane vAle digambara sampradAya se bhinna the / yadi hama boTikoM kI ina mAnyatAoM kI tulanA yApanIya paramparA se karate haiM to donoM meM koI antara dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / yApanIyoM kA jo bhI sAhitya upalabdha hai, usase bhI spaSTa rUpa se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yApanIya yadyapi muni kI acelatA para bala dete the kintu dUsarI ora ve strI-mukti, anya taithikoM (dUsarI dharma paraMparA) kI mukti, kevalokavalA1. uttarAdhyayana- zAntyAcArya kI TIkA pR0 181 / 2. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 3054 /

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10 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hAra aura AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, kalpa, vyavahAra, maraNavibhakti, pratyAkhyAna Adi AgamoM ko svIkAra karate the| ve digambara paraMparA ke samAna aMga AgamoM ke sarvathA viccheda kI bAta nahIM mAnate the| isa paramparA meM Age calakara jina svataMtra granthoM aura AgamoM kI TokAoM kA nirmANa huA unameM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI saikar3oM gAthAe~ aura uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| ataH upalabdha sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pUrNarUpeNa sunizcita hai ki yApanIya aura boTika donoM sampradAya eka hI haiN| isa niSkarSa kI satyatA ko unakI nimna mAnyatAoM kI samarUpatA meM spaSTataH dekhA jA sakatA hai-1. boTika aura yApanIya donoM hI muni ke lie utsarga mArga kI dRSTi se acelatA ke pakSadhara haiM tathA donoM AcArAMga Adi AgamoM ko upasthiti ko svIkAra karate haiM aura unake vastra, pAtra sambandhI ullekhoM ko ApavAdika mAnate haiN| jabaki digambara paramparA AcArAMga Adi aMga AgamoM kA viccheda mAnato hai aura vastradhArI ko kisI bhI sthiti meM muni nahIM mAnatI hai| punaH yApanoya aura boTika donoM ne strImukti kA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai aura sAdhvI meM vastra grahaNa hote hue bhI mahAvratoM kA sadbhAva mAnA tathA strI ko dokSA ko svIkAra kiyaa| jabaki digambara paramparA strI-dIkSA evaM strI-mukti kA niSedha karatI hai| saMkSepa meM AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi AgamoM ko mAnya karane aura strImukti kA niSedha na karane se boTika aura yApanIya eka paramparA ke sUcaka haiM / ataH zvetAmbara sAhitya meM prayukta boTika zabda yApanoyoM kA ho paryAyavAcI hai / boTika zabda kI vyAkhyA prAkRta 'boDiya' zabda kA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa boTika kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasatra kI zAntyAcArya kI TIkA meM boTika zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA-'boTikAzcAsau cAritravikalatayA muNDamAtratvena'1 arthAt cAritrika vikalatA ke kAraNa mAtra muNDita boTika kahe jAte haiM / kintu isa vyAkhyA se boTika zabda para koI vizeSa prakAza nahIM par3atA, mAtra boTikoM ke caritra ke sambandha meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| merI dRSTi meM prAkRta meM 'boDiya' ke sthAna para 'vADiya' zabda honA cAhie thA jisakA saMskRta rUpa vATika hogaa| 'vATika' zabda kA 1. uttarAdhyayana zAntyAcArya kI TIkA, pR0 181 /

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viSaya-praveza : 11 AvazyakaTokA meM zivarahate the, bhikSAdi prasaMga praveza nahIM karate the aura ve arthaM vATikA yA udyAna meM rahane vAlA hai / bhUti kI kathA se spaSTa hai ki boTika muni nagna ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA grAma yA nagara meM nagara ke bAhara udyAnoM yA vATikAoM meM hI nivAsa karate the / ullekha milate haiM | 3 seaaDa > sevar3A bADiya > boDiya ataH sambhAvanA yaha hai ki vATikA meM nivAsa ke kAraNa ve vADiya yA bADiya kahe jAte hoMge / sambhavataH Age calakara vADiya zabda kA parivartita rUpa 'boDiya' ho gayA ho / kalpasUtra meM vesavADiya (vaizya-vATika) uDuvADiya ( RtuvATika) Adi gaNoM ke jisa prakAra zvetapaTa prAkRta meM setapaTa > seapaDa > ho gayA, usI prakAra sambhavataH vATika> vADiya> ho gayA ho / Aja bhI mAlava pradeza meM udyAna ko bAr3I kahA jAtA hai / isI prasaMga meM mujhe mAlavI bolo meM prayukta 'boDA' zabda kA bhI smaraNa ho jAtA hai / gujarAta evaM mAlavI meM kezarahita mastaka vAle vyakti ko 'boDA' kahA jAtA | ataH sambhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki luMcita keza yA kezarahita sira vAloM ko 'boDiya' kahA gayA ho / zabdoM ke rUpa parivartana kI ye vyAkhyAe~ maiMne apanI buddhayanusAra karane kI ceSTA kI hai / bhASAzAstra ke vidvAnoM se apekSA hai ki isa sambandha meM vizeSa prakAza DAleM / pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI boTika kI merI isa vyAkhyA se sahamata nahIM haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki 'boTavu' zabda Aja bhI gujarAtI bhraSTa yA apavitra ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / sambhavataH yaha dezIya zabda ho aura usa yuga meM bhI isI artha meM prayukta hotA rahA ho / ataH zvetAmbaroM ne unheM sAmpradAyika abhinivezavaza 'boDiya' arthAt bhraSTa yA patita kahA hogA / kyoMki zvetAmbara paraMparA unake lie mithyAdRSTi, prabhUtataravisaMvAdo, sarvavisaMvAdI aura sarvApalApI jaise anAdarasUcaka zabdoM kA prayoga 1. Avazyaka TIkA ( haribhadra kRta) pR0 423 / 2. atherehiMto bhaddajasehito bhAradvAyagotrohito ettha NaM uDuvADiyagaNe nAmaM gaNe niggae / kalpasUtra ( prAkRtabhAratI, jayapura, saMskaraNa) sUtra 213 / ba - therehito NaM kAmiD Dhihito kuMDalisagottehito ettha NaM vesavADiyagaNe nAma gaNe niggaye / kalpasUtra, vahI sUtra - 124 // 3. dekhiye boDu - hindI - gujarAtI koza ( ahamadAbAda - 1961) pR0 348 /

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- 12 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kara rahI thii|' punaH bhojapurI aura avadhI meM Aja bhI boranA yA bUr3anA zabda DUbane ke artha meM prayukta hote haiM / vyaJjanA se isakA artha bhI patita . yA girA huA ho sakatA hai / 'boDiya' zabda kI ina vibhinna vyAkhyAoM meM mujhe pro0 DhAkI kI vyAkhyA adhika yuktisaMgata lagatI hai / kyoMki isa vyAkhyA se yApanIya aura boTika zabda paryAyavAcI bhI bana jAte haiM / yadi yApanIya kA artha tiraskRta yA niSkAsita aura boTika kA artha bhraSTa yA patita hai, to donoM paryAyavAcI hI siddha hote haiM / kintu aisI sthiti meM hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ye donoM nAma unheM sAmpradAyika durabhiniveza -vaza hI diye gaye haiM / jahA~ zvetAmbaroM ne unheM boDiya (boTika = bhraSTa ) kahA, vahIM digambaroM ne unheM yApanIya ( tiraskRta yA niSkAsita ) kahA / yApanIyoM ke lie boTika zabda kA prayoga zvetAmbara paraMparA meM kevala Agamika vyAkhyA granthoM taka hI sImita rahA hai; ina granthoM ke atirikta isa zabda kA prayoga anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / yaha saMbhava hai ki Age calakara isa varga ne svayaM apane lie 'yApanoya' zabda ko svIkAra kara liyA hogA, kyoMki yApanIya zabda kI vyAkhyA prazasta artha meM bhI saMbhava hai / abhilekhoM meM bhI ye apane ko 'yApanIya' ke rUpa meM hI aMkita karavAte the / yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti yApanAya sampradAya kaba utpanna huA ? yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai / bhagavAn mahAvora kA dharma saMgha kaba aura kisa prakAra vibhAjita hotA gayA, isake prAcInatama ullekha hameM kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM meM milatA hai / ye sthavirAvaliyA~ spaSTa rUpa se hameM yaha to batAtI haiM ki mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha vibhinna gaNoM meM vibhAjita huA aura ye gaNa zAkhAoM meM, zAkhAyeM kula meM aura kula sambhogoM meM vibhAjita hue, kintu nandI sUtra aura kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM meM aisA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisase mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke yApanIya, zvetAmbara aura 1. (a) pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI se prApta vyaktigata sUcanA para AdhArita / (ba) dekhie boTavu - hindI - gujarAtI koza pR0 348 / 2. kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI 207-224 / 3. nandI sUtra (madhukara muni) gAthA 25-50 /

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viSaya-praveza : 13 digambara paramparAoM meM vibhAjita hone kI koI sUcanA milatI ho / ina donoM sthavirAvaliyoM meM bhI kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI apekSAkRta prAcIna hai, isameM do bAra parivardhana huA hai / antima parivardhana vIra nirvANa samvat 980 arthAta IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI kA hai| nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI bhI isI kAla kI hai, kintu donoM sthavigavaliyA~ sthUlabhadra ke ziSyoM se alaga ho jAtI haiN| inameM kalpasatra kI sthavirAvalI kA sambandha gaNadhara vaMza se jor3A jAtA hai|' sambhavataH gaNadharavaMza saMgha vyavasthApaka AcAryoM ko paramparA (Administrative linege) kA sUcaka hai jaba ki vAcaka vaMza upAdhyAyoM yA vidyAguruoM kI paramparA kA sUcaka hai| vAcaka vaMza vidyAvaMza hai / isameM vidvAn jainAcAryoM ke nAmoM kA kAlakrama se saMkalana hai / kintu ina sthavirAvaliyoM meM yApanIya yA boTika saMgha kI utpatti kA koI bhI saMketa nahIM milatA hai| kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyA~ antima rUpa se devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa taka kI paramparA kA arthAt vIranirvANa se eka hajAra varSa taka (I0 pU0 pAMcavIM zatI se IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI taka) ke jaina zramaNa saMgha ke itihAsa kA ullekha karatI haiM, phira bhI isameM sampradAyabheda kI kahIM carcA nahIM hai, mAtra gaNabheda Adi kI carcA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke upalabdha Agamika sAhitya sthAnAGga aura Avazyakaniyukti meM hameM sAta nihnavoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ye sAta nihnava jAmAli, tiSyagupta, ASAr3ha, azvamitra, gaMga, rohagupta aura goSThamAhila haiN| inameM jAmAli aura tiSyagapta mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM aura zeSa pAMca unake nirvANa ke pazcAt 214 se 584 varSa ke bIca hue haiM / 2 rohagupta se trairAzika mata kI utpatti kA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirA1. paTTAvalIparAgasaMgraha (kalyANa vijayagaNi) ke prArambhika adhyAya / 2. (a) samaNasya NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa tithIsa satta pavayaNaNiNhagA paNNattA, taM jahA-bahuratA, jIvapaesiyA, avattiyA, sAmuccheiyA, dokiriyA, terAsiyA abaddhiyA / eesi NaM sattaNhaM pavayaNaNiNhagANaM sattaM mammAyariyA hutthA, taM jahAjamAlI, tIsagutte, AsADhe, Asamitta , gaMge, chalue, goTThAmAhile // etesi NaM sattaNha pavayaNaNiNhagANaM sattauppattiNagarA hutthA, taM jahAsthAnAGga ___sattamaM ThANaM 140-142, pRSTha saMkhyA 753-754;

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- 14 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya valI meM bhI hai / [ nihnava ve haiM jo saiddhAntika yA dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM matabheda rakhate haiM, kintu AcAra aura veza vahI rakhate haiM / ] ina sAta nihnavoM meM kahIM bhI boTika ( boDiya ), jinheM sAmAnyatayA digambara mAna liyA jAtA hai, kintu vastutaH jo yApanIya haiM, kA ullekha nahIM hai / boTika sampradAya kA sarvaprathama ullekha Avazyaka mUlabhASya kI gAthA 145 se 148 taka meM milatA hai / ' ye gAthAyeM haribhadra kI Avazyakaniyukti TIkA meM mUla gAthA 783 ke pazcAt saMkalita haiM / isa prakAra zvetAmbara Agamika sAhitya Avazyaka mUlabhASya kI racanA ke pUrva taka boTika, yApanIya evaM digambara paramparAoM ke sambandha meM hameM koI sUcanA : nahIM detA / Azcarya yaha hai ki strImukti evaM kevalIkavalAhAra kA niSedha 1. ( ba ) bahuraya jamAlipaM bhavA jIvapaesasa ya tIsaguttAo / avvattA''sADhAo sAmuccheyAsssamittAo / / 779 / / gaMgAo dokariyA chalugA terAsiyANa uppattI / therA ya goTha mAtyi puThumabaddhaM parUviti / / 780 / / sAthI usannapuraM seyaviyA mihila ullugatIraM / purimaMtaraMja dasapura rathavIrapuraM ca nagarAI // 781 // coTsa sothasa vAsA coisavIsuttarAM ya doNNi sayA / aTThAvIsA ya duve paMceva sayA u coyAlA ! 782 / / sayA culasIyA chacceva sayA NvottarA hoMti / NANuppattIya duve uppaNNA Nitvue sesA // 783 // - Avazyaka niryukti samuppaNNA // ajjakaNhe | chavvAsasayAiM navuttarAi taiyA siddhigayassa vIrassa / to boDiyANa diTThI rahavIrapure ravIrapuraM nayaraM jIvagamujjANa siva bhaissarvA hami ya pUcchA therANa kahaNA ya // UhA paNNatta boDiyasivabhU iuttarAhi imaM / micchAdaMsaNamiNamo rahavIrapure samuppaNNaM // boDiyasivaIo boDiyaliMgassa hoi uppattI // koDiNNa- kodravIrA paraMparAphAsamuppaNNA / - Avazyaka mUlabhASya 145 148, uddhRta Avazyakaniyukti haribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 215

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viSaya praveza : 15 karane vAlI digambara paramparA kA ullekha to vikrama kI AThavIM zatI ke pUrva ke kisI bhI zvetAmbara grantha meM nahIM milatA hai / sAhityika dRSTi se yApanIya sampradAya ke sambandha meM jo ullekha upalabdha haiM ve lagabhaga IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI yA usake pazcAt ke haiM / yadyapi isake pUrva bhI yaha sampradAya astitva meM to avazya hI A gayA thA / , jahA~ taka abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA prazna hai mathurA ke IsA kI prathama aura dvitIya zatAbdI ke, jo jaina abhilekha upalabdha haiM, unameM gaNoM, zAkhAoM, kuloM evaM sambhogoM ke ullekha milate haiM / ye samasta gaNa, kula, zAkhAyeM aura sambhoga kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra hI haiM / 'digambara sAhitya meM hameM ina gaNoM, zAkhAoM evaM kuloM kA kiJcit bhI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / yadyapi mathurA se upalabdha una sabhI mUrtiyoM aura Ayapa (jinapara ye abhilekha aMkita haiM) meM tIrthaGkara ko nagna rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai kintu vahIM usI kAla meM kalpasUtra evaM AcArAGga (dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ) meM ullikhita mahAvIra ke garbhaparivartana kI ghaTanA kA aMkana bhI upalabdha hai / sAtha hI una abhilekhoM meM kalpasUtra ke anurUpa gaNa, kula, zAkhA aura saMbhogoM ke ullekha yaha sUcita karate haiM ki ye sabhI - abhilekha aura mUrtiyA~ digambara paramparA se sambaddha nahIM / punaH mathurA ke prAcIna zilpa meM muni ke hAtha kI kalAI para laTakate hue vastra kA aMkana bhI milatA haiM, jisase ve apanI nagnatA ko chipAye hue haiM / yaha tathya isa zilpa ko digambara paramparA se pRthak karatA hai / kintu mathurA kA jaina zilpa yApanIya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki yApanIya paramparA kI utpatti isase kiJcit paravarttI hai / isa zilpa meM Arya kRSNa (ajja kaNha) kA, jinake ziSya zivabhUti se Avazyaka mUlabhASya meM boTika yA yApanIya paramparA kA vikAsa mAnA gayA hai, nAmollekha pUrvaka aMkana upalabdha hotA hai / paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne ise ardhasphAlaka sampradAya kA mAnA haiM, kintu isa sampradAya ke astitva kA dasavIM zatI ke pUva kA koI bhI sAhityika yA abhilekhIya sAkSya nahIM hai / paM0 nAthUrAmajo 1. paTTAvalIpa rAgasaMgraha, kalyANavijaya pR0 34-45 2. Jaina Stupas and Other Antiquitiesof India... V. A. Smith, Plate No. 10, 15, 17 pp. 24, 25 3. Jaina Stupas and Other Antiquities. pp. 24-25. 4. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrvapIThikA, pR0 385 /

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16 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 'premI' ke anusAra aisA koI sampradAya hI nahIM thA / yaha mAtra saMghabheda ke pUrva kI sthiti hai / " satya to yaha hai ki yApanIyoM yA boTikoM ne AryakRSNa ke usI vastra kA virodha kara acelaka paramparA ke punaH sthApana kA prayatna kiyA thaa| deza-kAla ke pravAha meM jaina saMgha meM jo parivartana A rahe the, usI kA virodha yApanIyoM yA boTikoM kI utpatti kA kAraNa banA / isa prakAra abhilekhIya ora sAhityika donoM hI pramANoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki IsA ko lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI taka cAhe mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM vibhinna gaNa, zAkhA, kula aura sambhoga astitva meM A gaye the, phira bhI zvetAmbara yA yApanIya jaise vargoM meM usakA spaSTa: vibhAjana nahIM ho pAyA thA / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina dharmaM meM zvetAmbara, digambara evaM yApanIya sampradAya IsA kI tIsarI zatI yA usake pazcAt hI astitva meM Aye haiM / yadyapi isa saMghabheda ke mUla kAraNa isake pUrva bho bhItara-bhItara apanI jar3eM jamA cuke the / jaisA ki hama pUrva meM dekha cuke haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM matabheda aura saMghabheda sambandho jo sUcanAyeM upalabdha haiM, unameM prathamataH sthAnAGga evaM Avazyaka niyukti meM boTika yA boDiya kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai / boDiya' ( bATika ) kA sarvaprathama ullekha AvazyakamUlabhASya meM hai / isa grantha ke anusAra vora nirvANa ke 509 varSa meM rathavIrapura nagara ke dIpaka udyAna meM ajja kaNha (AryakRSNa) ke ziSya zivabhUti dvArA boTika paramparA kI utpatti huI / " AvazyakamUlabhASya, Avazyakaniyukti evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke madhya kAla kI racanA hai / upalabdha Avazyaka niyukti vAra nirvANa ke 584 varSa pazcAt arthAt IsA kI prathama zato kI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha karatI hai, ataH usake pazcAt hI usakA racanAkAla mAnA jA sakatA hai / vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA racanAkAla sAmAnyatayA IsA kI chaThIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa (zaka 531 ke pUrva ) mAnA jAtA hai / ataH isa avadhi ke bIca hI boTika mata yA 1. ( a ) vahI, pR0 381 / (ba) jainahitaiSI, bhAga 13, aMka 9-10 / 2. Avazyaka mUlabhASya 145-148 / uddhRta -- Avazyaka niyukti haribhadra-vRtti, pR0 215-216 / 3. Avazyakaniyukti 779-783 / 4. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrvapIThikA, pR0 372 /

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viSaya-praveza : 17 yApanIya paramparA kA prAdurbhAva huA hogaa| AvazyakamUlabhASya meM jo vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa bAda arthAt IsA kI dvitIya zatI meM isa sampradAya kI utpatti kA ullekha hai, vaha kisI sImA taka satya pratIta hotA hai| digambara paramparA meM jaina saMgha ke isa vibhAjana kI sUcanA dene vAlA koI prAcIna grantha nahIM hai, mAtra I. san 942 (vi0 saM0 999 ) meM devasena dvArA racita 'darzanasAra' hai / isa grantha ke anusAra vikrama kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt saurASTra deza ke valabhI nagarI meM zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huii| isameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki zrIkalaza nAmaka zvetAmbara muni se vikrama saMvat 205 meM kalyANa meM yApanIya saMgha utpanna huaa| cU~ki 'darzanasAra' AvazyakamUlabhASya kI apekSA paryApta paravartI hai, ataH usake vivaraNoM kI prAmANikatA ko svIkAra karane meM vizeSa satarkatA kI AvazyakatA hai, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki jaba AvazyakamalabhASya aura darzanasAra donoM hI vi0 saM0 136 athavA 139 yA vIra nirvANa saMvat 606 yA 609 meM saMgha bheda kI ghaTanA kA ullekha karate haiM.3 to eka dUsare se puSTi hone ke kAraNa isa tathya ko aprAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki vikrama samvat kI prathama zatI ke anta yA dvitIya zatAbdI ke prArambha meM jainoM meM spaSTa rUpa se saMghabheda ho gayA thaa| 'darzanasAra' meM isa saMgha bheda kI ghaTanA ke 70 varSa pazcAt yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti kA ullekha hai / AvazyakamUlabhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki zivabhUti ke ziSya kauDinya aura koTTavIra se yaha paramparA Age clii| ataH yaha mAnane meM vizeSa bAdhA nahIM AtI ki yaha boTika sampradAya jisakA ullekha AvazyakamUlabhASya meM milatA hai, IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke anta meM yA tRtIya zatAbdo ke Arambha meM eka svatantra sampradAya ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hogA / yadyapi yaha prazna anirNIta hI hai ki isa sampradAya ne pUrNa svataMtra hokara 'yApanIya' nAma kaba dhAraNa kiyA, kyoMki 'yApanIya' zabda kA sabase prAcona prayoga dakSiNa bhArata meM magezavarman ke IsA kI 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrvapIThikA pR0 372 / 2. vahI, pR0 372 / 3. vahI, pR0 272-273 / 4. Avazyaka mUlabhASya gAthA 145-148 uddhRta Avazyaka niyukti hari bhadrIya vRtti|

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18 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya pAMcavI zatAbdI ke abhilekha meM hI milatA hai,' yadyapi uttara bhArata meM isase pUrva bhI yaha sampradAya apanI jar3eM jamA cukA thaa| kintu yaha kisa nAma se abhihita hotA thA, isakA koI spaSTa saMketa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| uttara bhArata meM haribhadra ke grantha zrI lalitavistarA (lagabhaga AThavIM zatI pUrvArddha) meM sarvaprathama 'yApanIya' nAma milatA hai / isake pUrva ke uttarabhArata meM na to abhilekhoM meM aura na hI sAhityika granthoM meM yApanIyoM kA ullekha hai| yaha nizcita hai ki isa sampradAya ko isake pUrva zvetAmbara boTika (boDiya) kaha rahe the, kintu yaha apane ko kisa nAma se abhihita karatA thA, isakA patA nahIM calatA hai / jo saMketasUtra upalabdha haiM, unase mAtra kucha sambhAvanAeM prakaTa kI jA sakatI haiM, nizcita rUpa meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| sarvaprathama kalpasUtra, sthAnAGga Adi Agama granthoM meM aura mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM jina gaNa, zAkhA, kula, sambhoga Adi kA ullekha hai, ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrvaja to mAne jA sakate haiM, kintu inake AdhAra para yaha batA pAnA kaThina hai ki yApanIya prArambha meM apanI pRthaktA ko kisa rUpa meM sUcita karate the| isa sambandha meM mAtra pabhosA, vidizA aura pahAr3apUra ke abhilekhoM para vicAra karanA hogaa| pabhosA ke abhilekha meM kAzyapIya arhatoM kA ullekha AyA hai| prazna uThatA hai 'ki ye kAzyapIya arhat kauna the ? kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM kAzyapIya zAkhA ke sambandha meM eka ullekha milatA hai / yaha to nizcita hai ki kAzyapagotrIya kisI dharmAcArya ke ziSya hI 'kAzyapIya arhat' kahe jAte hoNge| isa sambandha meM tIna saMbhAvanAeM ho sakatI haiM (1) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAzyapagotrIya hone se unakI ziSya paramparA apane ko kAzyapIya arhat kahatI ho| (2) kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ke ziSya 'godAsa' ko kAzyapa gotrIya kahA gayA hai ataH unako ziSya paramparA bhI apane ko kAzyapoya arhat ke nAma se abhihita karatI ho| (3) Arya zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa jinake madhya vastra-pAtra kA vivAda huA thA-ke paravartI tIna AcAryoM Aryabhadra, AryanakSatra aura 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, abhilekha saM0 102-103 / 2. vaho, abhilekha saM0 6-7 3. kalpasUtra 215.

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viSaya-praveza : 19 AryarakSa (sambhavataH AryarakSita) ko bhI kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM kAzyapa gotrIya kahA gayA hai, ataH inako ziSya paramparA bhI kAzyapIya arhat kahalAtI ho| prathama aura dvitoya vikalpa isalie nirasta ho jAte haiM ki kalpasUtra kAzyapikA zAkhA ko sahasti ke ziSya vaziSTha gotroya RSigupta se nikale mAnava gaNa kI eka zAkhA batAtA hai / yadyapi isameM kAzyapikA zAkhA ke pravartaka kA nAma ajJAta hI hai| punaH ye ullekha yApanIyoM ko utpatti ke pUrva ke haiN| cUMki pabhosA kA abhilekha bhI lipi kI dRSTi se zuMgakAlIna mAnA jAtA hai, ataH usakA samaya I0pU0 dvitIya-prathama zatI to nizcita hI hogA, kintu yApanIyoM kI utpatti to IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke lagabhaga mAnI jAtI hai / ataH pabhosA ke abhilekha ke AdhAra para bhI yApanIyoM ko kAzyapIya arhat kahanA pramANabhUta nahIM ho sktaa| vidizA ke udayagiri ke abhilekha ( gupta saMvat 106, vi0 saM0, 426) meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA ko sthApita karAne vAle ne apane Apako Aryakula evaM bhadrAnvaya ke AcArya gozarmA kA ziSya batAyA hai| isa abhilekha ke bhadrAnvaya ko yApanIya paramparA kA pUrva nAma mAnA jA sakatA hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM Arya zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa, jinake madhya vastra-pAtra-vivAda huA thA, ke pazcAt Aryabhadra kA nAma AtA hai| mero dRSTi meM isa zilAlekha meM ullikhita AryakUla aura bhadrAnvaya kA sambandha inhIM Aryabhadra se ho sakatA hai| saMbhAvanA hai ki kAzyapagotrIya Aryabhadra AryazivabhUti ke pakSadhara rahe hoM aura unheM hI agragaNya mAnakara yaha paramparA apane ko Aryakula aura bhadrAnvaya ko mAnatI ho / yaha nizcita hai ki uttara-bhArata kI yaha acela paraMparA jise hama boTika yA yApanoya ke nAma se jAnate haiM, mathurA se lekara sAMcI taka apanA vyApaka prabhAva rakhatI thii| saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki uttara-bhArata meM apane prArambhika kAla meM yaha yApanoya paramparA Aryakula aura bhadrAnvaya ke nAma se pahacAnI jAtI rahI ho| vidizA ke mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta ke kAla kI eka anya pratimA para pANipAtrika Aryacandra kSamaNa-zramaNa (khamaNa-samaNa) ke paTTaziSya tathA 1. AcArya-bhadrAnvayabhUSaNasya ziSyo hyasAvAryakulodgatasya [1] AcArya-gozarma -jailazilAlekha saMgraha dvitIya bhAga, pR0 57

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20 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya celu kSamaNa ke ziSya AcArya sarpasena (nAgasena) kSamaNa kA ullekha hai|' isameM pANipAtrika vizeSaNa jahA~ ina AcAryoM ko zvetAmbara paramparA se pRthak karatA hai vahIM kSamaNa-zramaNa (khamaNa-samaNa), yaha viruda inheM digambara paramparA se pRthak karatA hai kyoMki kSamaNa-zramaNa kA viruda digambara paramparA meM kabhI bhI pracalita nahIM rahA / jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM yaha vizeSaNa vizeSa rUpa se pracalita rahA hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM ke antima saMkalanakartA devardhigaNi kSamaNazramaNa (khamaNa-samaNa) ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| kalpasUtrasthavirAvalI meM inake pUrva ke AcAryoM ko bhI kSamaNa-zramaNa kahA gayA hai| cUMki boTika yA yApanIya paramparA kA vikAsa bhI uttara-bhArata kI isI paramparA se huA hai| ataH unameM bhI yaha viruda pracalita rahA hogaa| vidizA ke ye abhilekha yApanIya paramparA se saMbandhita haiM, isakI puSTi pro0 yU0 pI0 zAha ne bhI kI hai, ve likhate haiM-Aryacandra nizcaya hI digambara (acelaka) the aura ve sambhavataH yApanIya saMgha se sambaddha the| pro0 yU0 pI0 zAha ne isa abhilekha ke sarpasena ko nAgasena mAnA hai| kalpasUtrasthavirAvalI meM AryakRSNa aura zivabhati kI paraMparA meM Aryabhadra, AryanakSatra, AryarakSa ke pazcAt ullekhita AryanAga ko uparokta zilAlekha ke Arya sarpasena nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki inakI gurU paraMparA kA kalpasUtra kI paraMparA se koI sIdhA sambandha nahIM jur3atA hai phira bhI isa vivecana ke AdhAra para itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki Aryakula aura bhadrAnvaya evaM sarpasena kA sambandha nizcita rUpa se yApanIya paraMparA se hai| pahAr3apura (baMgAla) ke eka abhilekha meM kAzI kI paMcAstUpAnvaya kA ullekha huA hai| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM evaM zilpAMkana se yaha spaSTa hai ki mathurA meM jaina paramparA meM stUpa ArAdhanA kI paddhati pracalita thii| yaha bhI satya hai ki uttara-bhArata meM sacela aura acela paramparAoM kA vibhAjana matharA ke AsapAsa ke pradeza meM hI kahIM huA thaa| ataH sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki mathurA se vibhAjita hokara jo acela zAkhA gvAliyara, devagar3ha ke rAste se vidizA aura sAMcI pahu~cI vaha AryakUla aura bhadrAnvaya ke nAma se jAnI jAtI ho aura isI prakAra jo zAkhA mathurA se kAzI hotI huI baMgAla ko gaI vaha apane ko paMcAstUpAnvaya ke nAma se prakaTa 1. jarnala Apha oriyanTala insTiTyUTa bar3audA jilda 18 (san 1969) pR0 247-51 thI inskripzansa Apha rAmagupta-jI0 esa0 ghai.

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viSaya-praveza : 21 karatI ho / ataH yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki uttara-bhArata meM apane prAraMbhika kAla meM yApanIya paramparA apane ko Aryakula-bhadrAnvaya aura paMcastupAnvaya ke nAma se abhihita karato ho / yadyapi usa paramparA ke virodhI zve. AcArya use boTika ho kahate the / kintu inakA yApanIya nAmakaraNa inake dakSiNa pahu~cane para ho huA hai| yApanIya-saMgha kI utpatti kathA yApanIyoM yA boTikoM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM kathAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha kathA vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura AvazyakarNi (6-7 zatI) meM upalabdha hotI hai / zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra rathavIrapura nagara ke dIpaka nAmaka udyAna meM AryakRSNa nAmaka AcArya kA Agamana huA / usa nagara meM sahasramalla zivabhUti nivAsa karatA thaa| pratidina arddharAtri ke pazcAt ghara Ane ke kAraNa usakA apanI mAtA aura patnI se kalaha hotA thaa| eka bAra rAtri meM vilamba se Akara dvAra khulavAne para usakI mAtA ne dvAra na kholate hue kahA isa samaya jahA~ dvAra khalA ho vahIM cale jaao| nirAza hokara nagara meM ghUmate samaya use muniyoM ke nivAsa kA dvAra udghATita dikhAI par3A / usane andara jAkara muniyoM kA vandana kiyA aura pravajita hone kI AkAMkSA vyakta ko| pahale AcArya sahamata nahIM hue parantu usake dvArA svayaM keza-luJcana kara lene para AcArya ne use muniliGga pradAna kiyaa| eka bAra rathavIrapura Agamana para rAjA ne use bahamUlya ratnakambala bheMTa kiyA / AcArya ne isake grahaNa karane para Apatti kI aura zivabhUti ko binA batAye hI kisI samaya usa ratnakambala ke Asana nirmita kara diye / isa kAraNa AcArya aura zivabhUti meM matabheda utpanna ho gyaa| eka bAra AcArya dvArA jinakalpa kA varNana karate samaya usane vartamAna meM jinakalpa kA AcaraNa na karane aura upadhi (parigraha) rakhane kA kAraNa pachA ? AcArya ne uttara diyA-jambU svAmI ke pazcAt jinakalpa kA viccheda ho gayA / zivabhUti ne kahA-maiM jinakalpa kA AcaraNa karUMgA, upadhi ke parigrahaNa se kyA lAbha ? kyoMki parigraha ke sadbhAva meM kaSAya, mUrchA Adi aneka doSa haiM / Agama meM bhI aparigraha kA ullekha hai, jinendra bhI acela the, ataH acelatA sundara hai / isa para AcArya ne uttara diyA ki .. zarIra ke sadbhAva meM bhI kabhI-kabhI kaSAya, mUrchA Adi hote haiM taba to deha kA bhI parityAga kara denA cAhie, Agama meM aparigraha kA jo upadeza diyA gayA hai usakA tAtparya yaha hai ki dhArmika upakaraNoM meM mUrchA

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22 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya nahIM rakhanI caahie| jina bhI ekAnta rUpa se acelaka nahIM haiM, kyoMki sabhI jina eka vastra lekara dIkSita hote haiN| guru ke isa prakAra pratipAdita karane para bhI zivabhUti karmodaya ke kAraNa vastroM kA tyAga karake saMgha se pRthak ho gayA / use vandana karane hetu AI usakI bahana uttarA bhI usakA anusaraNa kara acela ho gaI / kintu bhikSArthaM nagara meM jAne para gaNikA ne use dekhA aura kahA ki isa prakAra loga hamase virakta ho jAyeMge yA hamAre prati AkarSita nahIM hoMge / usane uttarA ke ura meM vastra bAMdha diyA / yadyapi usane vastra kI apekSA nahIM kI, kintu zivabhUti ne kahA ki ise devatA kA diyA huA mAnakara grahaNa karo / zivabhUti ke do ziSya hue kauDinya aura koTyavora / ina ziSyoM se usakI pRthak paramparA Age bar3hI / " ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya evaM mathurA ke aMkanoM se jJAta hotA hai ki AryakRSNa ke samaya meM muni nagnatA ko chipAne ke lie vastra kA upayoga karate the / sambhavataH zivabhUti kA isI prazna para Arya kRSNa se vivAda huA hogaa| isa kathA meM bhI matabheda kA mukhya kAraNa vastra evaM upadhi kA grahaNa hI mAnA gayA hai / kathAnaka ke anya tathyoM meM kitanI prAmANikatA hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai / yaha sambhava hai ki zivabhUti dvArA acelakatA ko grahaNa karane para unakI bahana evaM sambandhita sAdhviyoM ne bhI acelakatva kA Agraha kiyA hogA, kintu zivabhUti ne sAdhviyoM kI acelakatA ko ucita na samajhakara kahA ho ki jisa prakAra tIrthaGkara devadRSya nAmaka vastra grahaNa karate haiM usI prakAra sAdhviyoM ko bhI devatA kA diyA huA mAnakara eka vastra grahaNa karanA caahie| isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM boTikoM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jo kathA milatI hai vaha sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se pUrNatayA mukta to nahIM hai - phira bhI usameM itanI satyatA avazya hai ki boTika acelakatA ke prazna ko lekara tatkAlIna paramparA se alaga hue the tathA unhoMne sAdhviyoM ke lie eka vastra rakhanA mAnya kiyA thA / kathAnaka kA zeSa bhAga sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kI racanA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se isakI satyatA isa artha meM hai ki AryakRSNa aura zivabhUti kAlpanika vyakti na hokara aitihAsika vyakti 1. Avazyaka niyukti haribhadrIyavRtti. pRSTha 216-218 2. Jaina Stupas and other Antiquities of Mathura-- V. A. Smith, Plate No. 10, 15, 17, PP 24.25 |

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viSaya-praveza : 23 haiM kyoMki unakA ullekha kalpasUtra ko sthavirAvalI meM milatA hai / yadyapi jahA~ kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM AryakRSNa kA ullekha zivabhUti ke ziSya ke rUpa meM huA hai, vahIM vizeSAvazyaka meM zivabhUti ko AryakRSNa kA ziSya kahA gayA hai / ajjakaNha [AryakRSNa] kA ullekha mathurA ke abhilekha meM bhI hai|' sambhava hai ki donoM hI garubhrAtA hoN| digambara paramparA meM yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM do kathAnaka upalabdha hote haiN| devasena (lagabhaga I0 san kI dasavIM zatAbdI) ke darzanasAra nAmaka grantha ke 29vIM gAthA ke anusAra zrI kalaza nAmaka zvetAmbara sAdhu ne vikrama kI mRtyu ke 205 varSa pazcAt kalyANa nagara meM yApanIya saMgha prArambha kiyaa| grantha meM isa sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa kA abhAva hai| ___yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM dUsarA kathAnaka ratnanandI ke . bhadrabAhucarita ( IsA kI lagabhaga 15vIM zatAbdI) meM upalabdha hotA hai karahATaka ke rAjA bhUpAla kI patnI nakulAdevI ne rAjA se Agraha kiyA ki ve usake paitRka nagara jAkara vahA~ Aye hue AcAryoM ko Ane hetu anunaya kreN| rAjA ne nRkulAdevI ke nirdezAnusAra apane mantrI buddhisAgara ko bhejakara una muniyoM se karahATaka padhArane kI prArthanA kI / rAjA ke AmantraNa ko svIkAra kara ve munigaNa karahATaka pdhaare| unake svAgata hetu jAne para rAjA ne dekhA ki ve sAdhu savastra haiM aura unake pAsa bhikSA pAtra aura lAThI bhI hai| yaha dekhakara rAjA ne unheM vApasa lauTA diyA / nRkulAdevI ko jaba yaha jJAta huA to usane una muniyoM se digambara mudrA meM picchi-kamaNDalu lekara padhArane kA Agraha kiyA aura unhoMne tadanurUpa digambara mudrA dhAraNa kara nagara praveza kiyA / isa prakAra ve sAdhu veSa se to digambara the kintu unake kriyA-kalApa zvetAmbaroM jaise the / yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM ratnanandI kA yaha kathana pUrNataH prAmANika nahIM hai / yApanIyoM kI utpatti zvetAmbara paramparA se na hokara usa mala dhArA se huI hai, jo zvetAmbara paramparA ko bhI pUrvaja thI, 1. (a) kalpasUtra, 223/1 (311) Jaina Stupas and other Antiquities of Mathura--V.A. Smith, Plate No. 10, 15, 17, pp. 24-25. 2. Annals of the B. O. R. I. XV-III. IV, pp. 191ff, Poona, 1934; dekheM anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 134 /

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24 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya jisase kAla-krama se vartamAna zvetAmbara dhArA kA vikAsa huA hai| vastutaH mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM jaba vastra-pAtra Adi meM vRddhi hone lagI aura acelakatva kI pratiSThA kSINa hone lagI, taba usase acelatA ke pakSadhara yApanoya aura sacelatA ke pakSadhara zvetAmbara aisI do dhArAyeM nikliiN| punaH yApanIya sampradAya kA janma dakSiNa meM na hokara uttara bhArata meM huaa| "yApanIyoM ne jaba dakSiNa bhArata meM praveza kiyA, taba ve zvetAmbara sAdhu ke veza meM gaye the-yaha eka bhrAnta dhAraNA hI haiN| unake kathana meM mAtra itanI ho satyatA ho sakatI hai ki yApanIyoM ke AcAravicAra meM kucha bAteM zvetAmbara paramparA ke samAna aura kucha bAteM dakSiNa meM upasthita digambara paramparA ke samAna thiiN| ___indranandI ke 'notisAra' meM yadyapi yApanIyoM kI utpatti-kathA nahIM dI gaI hai, kintu nimna pA~ca prakAra ke jainAbhAsoM kI carcA karate hue usameM unhoMne yApanIyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai-gopucchika, zvetavAsA, dravir3a, yApanIya aura niHpicchaka' / indranandI ke uparyukta kathana se mAtra itanA hI phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya paramparA indranandI kI mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA se bhinna thI, ve unheM jainAbhAsa mAnate the arthAt unakI dRSTi meM yApanIya jainadharma ke sacce pratinidhi nahIM haiN| vastutaH yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti aura svarUpa sambandhI jo kathAnaka milate haiM, ve sabhI virodhiyoM dvArA prastuta haiM aura saMgha kI yathArtha sthiti se avagata nahIM karAte haiM / yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM merA cintana isa prakAra hai-mathurA ke aGkanoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AryakRSNa ke samaya arthAt vikrama ko dUsarI zatAbdI meM jainamuni eka vastra, picchi yA rajoharaNa evaM pAtra dhAraNa karane lage the| ho sakatA hai ki chedasUtroM meM varNita 14 upakaraNa pUrNa rUpa se pracalita na bhI ho pAye hoM, kintu itanA avazya hai ki vastra rakhakara nagnatA chipAne kA prayatna aura bhikSA pAtroM kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| eka vastrakhaNDa mukhavastrikA ke rUpa meM bhI grahaNa kiyA jAtA thaa| hAtha kI 1. bhadrabAhucarita-kolhApura 1921, IV,, pR0 135-154 dekheM anekAnta. varSa 28, kiraNa 1 / 1. gopucchikAH zvetavAsAH drAviDo yApanIyakAH / niHpicchikazceti paMcate jainAbhAsAH prakIrtitAH // dekheM anekAnta, varSa 28 kiraNa 1, pR0 246 /

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viSaya-praveza : 25 kalAI para vastra DAlakara nagnatA ko chipA liyA jAtA thA, vizeSa rUpa se jaba bhikSAdi hetu nagara meM jAnA hotA thaa| zivabhUti kA AryakRSNa se isI prazna ko lekara vivAda haA / jahA~ AvazyakamUlabhASya meM AryakRSNa aura zivabhUti ke madhya guru-ziSya kA sambandha batAyA gayA hai, vahA~ kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM zivabhUti ko AyaMkRSNa ke pahale dikhAyA gayA hai / phira bhI donoM ko samakAlikatA meM kahIM bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| vastutaH vivAda donoM ke bIca huA thA isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI ratnakambala ke prasaGga ko lekara, jo kathAnaka khar3A kiyA gayA hai vaha mujhe prAmANika nahIM lagatA / vastutaH mahAvIra ke pazcAt unake saMgha meM vastra-pAtra grahaNa karane kA kramazaH vikAsa huA hai / kSullakoM aura sadoSaliGga vAle vyaktiyoM athavA rAjaparivAra se Aye vyaktiyoM ke 'lie apavAdarUpa meM vastra rakhane kI anumati pahale se hI thI, kintu jina kalpa kA viccheda mAnakara jaba sacelatA sAmAnya niyama banane lagI, to 'zivabhUti ne isakA virodha kara acelatA ko hI utsarga mArga sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| unake pUrva AryarakSita ko bhI apane pitA, jo unake hI saMgha meM dIkSita ho gaye the, nagnatA dhAraNa karavAne hetu vizeSa prayatna karanA par3A thA, kyoMki ve apane parijanoM ke samakSa nagna nahIM rahanA cAhate the| yadyapi inhIM AryarakSita ne bhikSA pAtra ke atirikta varSAkAla meM mala-mUtra Adi ke lie eka atirikta pAtra rakhe jAne kI anumati bho dI thii| mahAvIra ke kAla se hI nirgrantha saMgha meM nagnatA kA ekAnta Agraha nahIM thA, kintu use apavAda ke rUpa meM ho svIkRta kiyA gayA thaa| kintu jaba jinakalpa ko vicchinna mAnakara acelatA ke apavAda ko ho utsarga mAnakara nagnatA ko chipAne ke lie vastra rakhanA anivArya kiyA hogA, to zivabhUti ko acelatA ko hI utsarga mArga ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane ke lie saMgharSa karanA par3A hogaa| unhoMne jinakalpa ko vicchinna na mAnakara samartha ke lie acelatA aura pANItalabhojI honA Avazyaka maanaa| ApavAdika sthiti meM vastra-pAtra se unakA virodha nahIM thaa| "bhagavatIArAdhanA meM hameM unake isI dRSTikoNa kA samarthana milatA hai| yadyapi yaha kahanA atyanta kaThina hai ki unake dvArA acelakatva ke puna pina ke isa prayAsa se spaSTa rUpa se saMghabheda ho gayA thA, kyoMki kalpasUtra ko paTTAvalo meM jo antima parivardhana devaddhigaNi ke samaya pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM huA usako pahalI gAthA meM gautama gotrIya phalgumitra, vaziSThagotrIya dhanagiri, kotsagotrIya zivabhUti aura kozikagotrIya durjayanta

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26 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kRSNa kA ullekha hai / yahA~ vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki isameM zivabhUti ke pazcAt AryakRSNa kA ullekha hai jabaki AvazyakamUlabhASya meM zivabhUti ko AryakRSNa kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai| sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa guru-ziSya na hokara guru bandhu hoN| isase zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa ke samakAlika hone meM bhI koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / yaha bho satya hI hai ki upadhi ke prazna ko lekara zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa ke bIca yaha vivAda haA aura zivabhUti ke ziSyoM kauDinya aura koTyavIra se acelatA kI samarthaka yaha dhArA pRthak rUpa se pravAhita hone lagI hogii| yApanIyoM kA utpatti-sthala yApanoyoM athavA boTikoM ke utpatti-sthala ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAe~ bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa rakhatI haiN| zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra unako utpatti rathavIrapura nAmaka nagara meM haI, yaha nagara mathurA ke samIpa uttara bhArata meM sthita thaa| jabaki digambaroM ke anusAra inakA utpatti sthala dakSiNa bhArata meM kalyANa yA uttara pazcimI karNATaka meM sthita karahATaka thaa| isa prakAra zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra ve uttara meM aura digambaroM ke anusAra dakSiNa meM utpanna hae / prazna yaha hai ki inameM se kauna satya hai ? zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM tathya yaha hai ki usameM isa vibhAjana ko AryakRSNa aura zivabhUti se sambandhita kiyA gayA hai-ina donoM ke ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM upalabdha hai| punaH AryakRSNa ko abhilekha sahita mUrti bhI mathurA se upalabdha hai jo vastrakhaNDa kalAI para DAlakara apanI nagnatA chipAye hue hai / astu, AvazyakamUlabhASya kA uttara bhArata meM unakI utpatti kA saMketa prAmANika hai / jahA~ taka ratnanando ke dakSiNa bhArata meM inakI utpatti ke ullekha kA prazna hai, vaha isalie adhika prAmANika nahIM hai ki prathama to vaha unakI utpatti 1200 varSoM bAda jaba yaha sampradAya maraNAsanna sthiti meM thA taba likhA gayA, jabaki Avazyaka mUlabhASya unakI utpatti ke lagabhaga 200 varSa pazcAt nirmita ho cukA thaa| dUsare usa kathAnaka kI puSTi ke anya koI sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSya nahIM haiM / tIsare dasavIM zatI se pahale 'kalyANa' kA astitva hI saMdigdha hai / dakSiNa bhArata meM unako utpatti batAne kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki yApanoyoM kA digambara paramparA se sAkSAtkAra dakSiNa bhArata meM hI huA thaa|

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viSaya-praveza : 27 yApanIya saMgha ke abhilekhIya sAkSya yApanIya saMgha aura usake AcAryoM, bhaTTArakoM evaM upAsakoM ke sambandha meM hameM jo sUcanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM, unake do AdhAra haiM-eka sAhityika ullekha aura dUsare abhilekhoya sAkSya / inameM bhI abhilekhIya sAkSya adhika prAmANika kahe jA sakate haiM kyoMki prathama to ve samakAlika hote haiM, dUsare inameM kisI prakAra ke parivartana kI sambhAvanA atyalpa hotI hai / / yApanIya sampradAya ke sambandha meM hameM aneka abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha hote haiM / ina abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pro0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye ne 'anekAnta' varSa 28, kiraNa 1 meM yApanIya saMgha ke sambandha meM paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| prastuta vivecana kA AdhAra unakA vaho nibandha hai, kintu hamane una abhilekhoM ke mudrita rUpoM ko dekhakara apekSita sAmagrI ko jor3A bho hai| yApanIya saMgha ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama abhilekha hameM 'kadambavaMzoya" mRgezavarman I0 san (475-490 ) kA prApta hotA hai| isa abhilekha meM yApanIya, nigrantha evaM kUrcakoM ko diye gaye bhUmidAna kA ullekha hai|' isI kAla ke eka anya abhilekha (I0 san 497 se 537 ke madhya) dAmakotti, jayakItti pratIhAra, nimittajJAna pAragAmI AcArya bandhusena aura tapodhana zAstrAgama vijJa kumAradatta nAmaka cAra yApanIya AcAryoM evaM muniyoM ke ullekha haiN| isameM yApanIyoM ko tapasvI (yApanIyAstapasvinaH) tathA saddharmamArga meM sthita (saddharmamArgasthita) kahA gayA hai| AcAryoM ke lie 'sUri' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| ina donoM abhilekhoM se yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki rAjA ne mandira kI pUjA, surakSA aura dainika dekhabhAla ke sAtha-sAtha aSTAhnikA mahotsava evaM yApanIya sAdhuoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa ke lie dAna diyA thA, isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki isa kAla taka yApanIya saMgha ke muniyoM ke AhAra ke lie koI svatantra vyavasthA hone lagI thI aura bhikSAvRtti gauNa ho rahI thI, anyathA unake bharaNa-poSaNa hetu dAna diye jAne ke ullekha nahIM hote / isake pazcAt devagiri se kadambavaMza kI dUsarI zAkhA ke kRSNavarmA ( I0 san 475-485 ) ke kAla kA abhilekha. 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 99 / 2. vaho, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 100 /

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28 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 'milatA hai, jisameM usake putra yuvarAja devavarmA dvArA triparvata ke Upara ke kucha kSetra arhanta bhagavAn ke caityAlaya kI marammata, pUjA aura mahimA ke lie yApanIya saMgha ko diye jAne kA ullekha hai|' isa abhilekha ke pazcAt 300 varSoM taka hameM yApanIya saMgha se sambandhita koI bhI abhilekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, jo apane Apa meM eka vicAraNIya tathya hai / isake pazcAt I0 san 812 kA rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa kA eka abhilekha prApta hotA. hai| isa meM yApanoya AcArya kuvilAcArya ke praziSya evaM vijayakIrti ke ziSya arkakIrti kA ullekha milatA hai| isa lekha meM yApanIya nandIsaMgha aura pUnnAgavRkSamalagaNa evaM zrI kityAcAryAnvaya kA bhI ullekha huA hai| isa abhilekha meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki AcArya arkakIti ne zani ke duSprabhAva se grasita puligila deza ke zAsaka vimalAditya kA upacAra kiyA thaa| isa abhilekha se anya phalita yaha nikalatA hai ki IsA kI navoM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM yApanIya AcArya na kevala maThAdhIza bana gaye the apitu ve vaidyaka aura yantra-mantra Adi kA kArya bhI karane lage the| lagabhaga 9vIM zatAbdI ke eka anya abhilekha meM, joki 'ciMgalapeTa, tamilanADu se prApta huA hai, yApanIya saMgha aura kumiligaNa ke mahAvIrAcArya ke ziSya amaramudalaguru kA ullekha hai jinhoMne dezavallabha nAma kA eka jinamandira banavAyA thaa| isa dAnapatra meM yApanIya saMgha ke sAdhuoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa kA bhI ullekha hai| isase bhI yahI lagatA hai ki isa kAla taka yApanIya mani parNatayA maThAdhIza ho cake the aura maThoM meM ho unake AhAra ko vyavasthA hoto thii| isake pazcAt yApanoya saMgha se sambandhita eka anya dAnapatra pUrvIcAlukyavaMzIya 'ammarAja dvitIya' (945 I0) kA hai| isane kaTakAbharaNa jinAlaya ke lie maliyapUNDI nAmaka grAma dAna meM diyA thaa| isa mandira ke adhikArI yApanIya saMgha 'koTimaDuvagaNa' nandigaccha ke gaNadhara sadRza munivara jinanandI ke praziSya munipugava divAkara ke ziSya jinasadRza guNasamudra mahAtmA zrI mandira deva the| isake pUrva ke abhilekha meM jahA~ yApanIya nandIsaMgha aisA ullekha hai, vahA~ isameM yApanIya saMgha nandIgaccha aisA ullekha hai / 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 105 / 2. vahI, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 124 / 3. vahI, bhAga 4, lekha kramAMka 70 / 4. vahI, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 143 /

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viSaya-praveza : 29 yApanIya saMgha se ho sambandhita I0 san 980 kA cAlukyavaMza kA bhI eka abhilekha milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM zAntivarma dvArA nirmita jaina mandira ke lie bhUmidAna kA ullekha hai, isameM yApanIya saMgha ke kANDUragaNa ke kucha sAdhuoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM yathA-bAhabalidevacandra, ravicandrasvAmo, arhannandI, zubhacandra, siddhAntadeva, maunideva aura prabhAcandradeva Adi / isameM prabhAcandra ko zabdavidyAgamakamala, SaTatarkAkalaGka kahA gayA hai| ye prabhAvandra-'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' aura 'nyAyakumudacandra' ke kartA prabhAcandra se bhinna yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ke 'zabdAnuzAsana' para 'nyAsa' ke kartA haiN| pro0 pI0 bI0 desAI ne apane grantha meM saudatti (belagA~va) ke eka anya abhilekha kI carcA kI hai jisameM yApanIya saMgha ke kANDUragaNa ke zubhacandraprathama, candrakoti, zubhacandra 'dvitIya', nemicandra 'prathama', kumArakIrti, prabhAcandra aura nemicandra dvitIya ke ullekha haiM / 2 yApanIya saMgha se sambandhita I0 san 1013 kA eka anya abhilekha 'belagA~va' kI ToDDAvasadI kI neminAtha kI pratimA ke pAdapoTha para aMkita hai, jise yApanIya saMgha ke pArisayya ne I0 san 1013 meM nirmita karavAyA thaa| isI prakAra san 1020 I0 ke 'raDhavaga' lekha meM yApanIya saMgha ke 'punnAgavakSamalagaNa ke prasiddha upadezaka AcArya kumArakIti paNDitadeva ko 'huvinavAge' kI bhUmi ke dAna kA ullekha hai / I0 san 1028-29 ke hAsura ke abhi-- lekha meM yApanIya saMgha ke guru jayakoti ko supArI ke bAga aura kucha ghara mandira ke lie dAna meM dene ke ullekha haiN|' 'hulI' ke do abhilekha jo I0 san 1044 ke haiM, unameM yApanIya saMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke bAlacandradeva bhaTTAraka' kA tathA dUsare meM rAmacandradeva kA ullekha hai| isI 1. jaina zilA lekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 160 / 2. Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigrphs P. B. ___Desai p. 165. 3. dekheM-anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 247 / 4. (a) Journal of the Bombay Historical Society, III, pp. 100. (ba) anekAnta, varSa 28 kiraNa 1, pR0 248 / 5. (a) vahI pR0 248 / / (ba) South Indian Inscriptions XIJ No. 65, Madras 1940. 6. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekha kramAMka 130 / 7. vahI /

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'30 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya prakAra I0 san 1045 ke mugada (maisUra) lekha meM bhI yApanIya saMgha ke kumudigaNa ke kucha AcAryoM ke ullekha milate haiM-zrI kIrtigoravaDi, prabhAzazAMka, nayavRttinAtha, ekavIra, mahAvIra, narendrakIrti nAgavikki, vRttIndra, niravadyakIrti, bhaTTAraka mAdhavendu, bAlacandra, rAmacandra, municandra, ravikIrti, kumArakIrti, dAmanaMdi, vidyagovardhana, dAmanandi, vaDDhAcArya Adi / ' yadyapi prophesara upAdhye ne ina nAmoM meM se kucha ke sambandha meM kRtrimatA kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai, kintu unakA AdhAra kyA hai ? yaha unhoMne apane lekha meM spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| isI prakAra moraba jilA dhAravADa ke eka lekha meM yApanIya saMgha ke jaya-kotideva ke ziSya nAgacandra ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| isameM -nAgacandra ke ziSya kanakazakti ko mantracUDAmaNi batAyA gayA hai / san 1096 meM tribhuvanamalla ke zAsanakAla meM yApanIya saMgha ke punnAgavRkSamalagaNa ke municandra vidya bhaTTAraka ke ziSya cArukIti paMDita ko soviseTTi dvArA eka upavana meM dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| isa dAnapatra meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki ise municandra siddhAntadeva ke ziSya dAyiyayya ne lipibaddha kiyA thaa| dharmapUrI jilA bIDa, mahArASTra ke eka lekha meM yApanIya saMgha aura vandiyUra gaNa ke mahAvIra paMDita ko kucha nagaroM se vividhakaroM dvArA prApta Aya kA kucha bhAga bhagavAn kI pUjA aura sAdhuoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa hetu dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra 11vIM zatAbdI ke eka anya abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha kI mAilAyAnvaya evaM koreyagaNa ke devakIti ko gandhavaMzo zivakumAra dvArA jaina mandira nirmita karavAne aura usakI vyavasthA hetu cumudavADa nAmaka grAma dAna meM dene kA ullekha hai / " isa abhilekha meM devakIrti ke pUrvaja guruoM meM zubhakIti, jinacandra, nAgacandra, guNakIrti Adi AcAryoM kA bhI ullekha hai| 1. (a) anekAnta, varSa 28; kiraNa 1, pR0 248 / (ba) South Indian Inscriptions XII. No. 78, Madras 1940. (sa) jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekhakramAMka 131 / 2. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekhakramAMka 143 / 3. vahI 168 / 4. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 5, lekhakramAMka 69-70 / 4. I. A. XVIII. p. 309. Also see Jainism in South India P. B. Desai, p. 115.

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viSaya-praveza ; 31 isI prakAra ballAla deva aura gaNadharAditya ke samaya meM IsavI san 1108 meM malasaMgha punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kI AryikA rAtrimatI kanti kI ziSyA bammagavur3a dvArA mandira banavAne kA ullekha hai / yahA~ mUlasaMgha kA ullekha kucha bhrAnti utpanna karatA hai, yadyapi punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke ullekha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vaha AryikA yApanIya saMgha se hI sambandhita thii| kyoMki punnAgavRkSamlagaNa yApanIya saMgha kA hI eka gaNa thA / - bailamoMgala jilA belagA~va se cAlukyavaMzI tribhuvana malladeva ke kAla kA eka abhilekha prApta hai isameM yApanIya saMgha mailAyAnvaya koreyagaNa ke mUla bhaTTAraka aura jinadevasUri kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha hai| isI prakAra vikramAditya 'SaSTha' ke zAsana kAla kA hali jilA belagA~va kA eka abhilekha hai jisameM yApanIya saMgha ke kaNDUragaNa ke bAhubalI, zubhacandra, monideva, mAghanaMdi Adi AcAryoM kA ullekha hai| ekasambi jilA belagA~va se prApta eka abhilekha meM vijayAditya ke senApati kAlaNa dvArA nirmita neminAtha vasati ke lie yApanIya saMgha punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke mahAmaNDalAcArya vijayakIrti ko bhUmidAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai / isa abhilekha meM ina vijayakIrti kI guruparamparA ke rUpa meM municandra, vijayakIrti 'prathama', kumArakIti aura vidya vijayakIti kA bhI ullekha hai| asikere, maisUra ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIyasaMgha ke maDuvagaNa kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI gaI hai| isa mandira kI mUrti pratiSThA punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa aura yApanIya saMgha ke ziSya bhANakaselI dvArA karAI gaI thii| pratiSThAcArya yApanIya saMgha ke maDuvagaNa ke kumArakoti siddhAnta deva the| isa abhilekha meM yApanIya zabda ko miTAkara kASThAmukha zabda ko jor3ane kI ghaTanA kI sUcanA bhI sampAdaka se milatI hai| inake atirikta 12vIM zatAbdI meM lokApura jilA belagAMva ke eka abhilekha" meM ubhayasiddhAnta 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhakramAMka 250 / 2. Annual Report of South Indian Inscriptions. 1951-52. No. 33, p. 12 See also. anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 248 / 3. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekhakramAMka 207 / 4. vahI, bhAga 4, lekhakramAMka 259 / . 5. Journal of the Karnatak University, X, 1965, 159, ff. 6. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 5, lekhakramAMka 117 / .

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32 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya cakravartI yApanIya saMgha-kaNDUragaNa ke guru sakalendu saiddhAntika kA ullekha hai| isI kSetra ke manoli jilA belagA~va ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha ke guru municandradeva ke ziSya pAlyakIrti ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai'-ye pAlyakorti sambhavataH suprasiddha vaiyAkaraNa pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana hI haiM, jinake dvArA likhita zabdAnuzAsana evaM usakI amoghavRtti prasiddha hai| inake dvArA likhita strI-nirvANa aura kevalIbhuktiprakaraNa bhI zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa ke sAtha bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita hue haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki ve yApanIya paramparA ke AcArya the / isI prakAra 13vIM zatI ke hukeri jilA belagA~va ke eka abhilekha meM kIrti kA nAmollekha hai| yApanIya saMgha kA ullekha karane vAlA antima abhilekha IsavI san 1394 kA kagavADa jilA belagA~va meM upalabdha huA hai| yaha abhilekha talaghara meM sthita bhagavAn neminAtha kI pIThikA para aMkita hai / isameM yApanIya saMgha aura punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke nemicandra, dharmakIrti aura nAgacandra kA ullekha hai| 1. Jainism in South India, P. B. Desai, p. 404. 2. jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, kramAMka 384 / 3. jinavijaya (kannar3a) belagA~va, julAI 1931 /

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adhyAya : 2 yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika AdhAroM se hameM yApanIya saMgha ke avAntara gaNoM aura anvayoM kI sUcanA milatI hai / indranaMdi ke nItisAra ke AdhAra para pro0 upAdhye likhate haiM ki "yApanIyoM meM siMha, nandi, sena aura devasaMgha Adi nAma se sabase pahale saMgha-vyavasthA thI, bAda meM gaNa, gaccha Adi kI vyavasthA banI / "1 kintu abhilekhIya sUcanAoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gaNa hI Age calakara saMgha meM parivartita ho ge| kadamba nareza ravivarmA ke halsI abhilekha meM 'yApanIya saMghebhyaH' aisA bahavacanAtmaka prayoga hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki yApanIya saMgha ke antargata bhI kucha saMgha yA gaNa the| yApanIya saMgha ke eka abhilekha meM "yApanIya nandIsaMgha" aisA ullekha milatA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki naMdi saMgha yApanIya paramparA kA hI eka aMga thaa| kucha abhilekhoM meM yApanIyoM ke nandigaccha kA bhI ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| digambara paramparA ke abhilekhoM meM gaccha zabda kA prayoga bahuta kama milatA hai, sAmAnyatayA unameM saMgha, gaNa aura anvaya ke prayoga pAye jAte haiM, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke abhilekhoM meM gaNa, gaccha, zAkhA, kula aura saMbhoga ke prayoga hue haiN| yApanIya saMgha ke abhilekhoM meM bhI kevala upayukta abhilekha meM gaccha zabda kA prayoga milA hai| abhilekhoM meM yApanIya saMgha ke jina gaNoM, anvayoM kA ullekha milA hai-unameM punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa, kumili athavA kumudigaNa, maDuvagaNa, kaNDUragaNa yA kANUragaNa, bandiyUragaNa, koreyagaNa kA ullekha pramukha rUpa se haA hai| sAmAnyatayA yApanoya saMgha se sambandhita abhilekhoM meM anvayoM kA ullekha nahIM huA hai, kintu 11vIM zatAbdI ke kucha abhilekhoM meM 1. anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1. pR0 250 / 2. Epigraphia India Vol. X No. 6, see Ibid., p 247. 3. anekAnta, varSa 18, kiraNa 1, pRSTha 244-45 / 4. anekAnta , varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pRSTha 250 / For. Private & Personal Use Only

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34 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya koreyagaNa ke sAtha mailApAnvaya athavA mailApAnvaya ke ullekha milate haiN| yApanIya saMgha ke prArambhika abhilekhoM meM usake kisI gaNa yA anvaya kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| yApanIyoM meM saMgha, gaNa athavA anvaya sambandhI ullekha hameM navIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha arthAt san 812 I0 se milane lagate haiM usake pUrva ke abhilekhoM meM mAtra 'yApanIyasaMghebhyaH' aisA bahuvacanAtmaka ullekha prApta haA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArambha meM yApanIyoM meM saMgha vyavasthA thI, gaNa, anvaya Adi kI vyavasthA nahIM thI / ye saMgha aise samUha the, jisameM muniyoM ke nAmAnta viziSTa prakAra ke hote the, jaise nandisaMgha ke muniyoM ke nAma ke anta meM nandi zabda prayukta hotA thA / senasaMgha meM muniyoM ke nAma ke anta meM sena zabda prayukta hotA thaa| isI prakAra siMha saMgha aura deva saMgha meM bhI nAmAntaka zabdoM kI sthiti thii| punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa gaNa vyavasthA kI dRSTi se yApanIya saMgha ke abhilekhoM meM sarva prathama yApanIya nandisaMgha punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa aisA ullekha milatA hai / yadyapi isake pUrva bhI san 488 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamulagaNa kA ullekha hai kintu isa gaNa ke sAtha yApanIya saMgha kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| isake sambandha meM DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI likhate haiM ki lekha kramAMka 106 meM ullikhita 'mUlagaNa' ko zrI premIjI mUlasaMgha samajha baiThe, kintu yaha eka bhrAnta dhAraNA hI hai / ' DA0 caudharI ke anusAra yaha gaNa yApanIya saMgha kA hI eka gaNa thaa| anya abhilekhoM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki nandIsaMgha AThavIM-navIM zatAbdI taka yApanIya sampradAya ke antargata hI thA, ataH nandIsaMgha se sambandhita usa kAla ke gaNoM ko yApanIya saMgha se hI sambaddha samajhanA cAhie / yaha yApanoya nandIsaMgha kaI gaNoM meM vibhakta thA / inameM kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa, zrImUlamUlagaNa tathA punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa pramukha the| merI dRSTi meM yApanIya prArambha meM apane gaNa ko 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 13, 182 / 2. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, le0 0 124 / 3. vahI, bhAga 2, le0 kra0 106 / 4. vahI, bhAga 3, bhUmikA pR0 27 /

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 35 'mUlagaNa' kahate rahe hoMge-jisakA Age vibhAjana hone para uparyukta tona gaNa bane, kintu sabhI ne 'mulagaNa'- yaha pada surakSita rkhaa| kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa isa gaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha kolhApura ke san 488 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM huA hai / isameM kanakopala AmnAya ke jinanandi ko eka jaina maMdira hetu gA~va tathA kucha jamIna dene kA ullekha hai| isameM jinanandi ke sAtha hI siddhanandi, citakAcArya aura unake guru ke rUpa meM nAgadeva kA ullekha huA hai| yaha kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa yApanIya saMgha se sambandhita thA, isakA eka pramANa yaha ho sakatA hai ki kaDaba ke abhilekha meM jo AcAryoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai usameM kityAcAryAnvaya (citakAcAryanvaya) kA bhI ullekha hai|2 kityAcArya yA citakAcArya kA yaha antara uccAraNa bheda yA lekhana kI bhUla ke kAraNa ho sakatA hai / yApanIya paramparA se hI Age kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa, zrImUla mUlagaNa aura punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa nikale / kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa kA ullekha hameM isake pazcAt kahIM nahIM prApta hotA hai, ataH yaha gaNa kaba vilupta ho gayA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| zrImalamUlagaNa devarahalli (devalApura pradeza) meM paTela kRSNayya ke tAmrapatroM para san 776 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM zrImUlamUlagaNa kA ullekha milatA hai / isa abhilekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki isa gaNa meM eregittara gaNa aura pUlikala gaccha bhI thA / isa abhilekha meM isa gaNa kI AcArya-paramparA isa prakAra dI gaI hai-candranandI, kIrtinandI aura vimlnndii| zrImalamUlagaNa kA bho Age koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai ataH Age isa gaNa kA bhI kyA huA-yaha jJAta nahIM jaisA ki pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM pro0 galAba candra caudharI ne ina donoM gaNoM ke sAtha spaSTa rUpa se yApanIya saMgha kA ullekha na hone para bhI inheM yApanIya saMgha kA hI gaNa mAnA hai / punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa yApanIya saMgha ke gaNoM meM punnAvRkSamUlagaNa sabase adhika dIrghajIvI 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, le0 kra0 106 / 2. vahI, bhAga 2, le0 kra. 124 / 3, vahI bhAga 2 le0 kra0 121

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36 : jainadharma kA yApanItha sampradAya hai / isa gaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha hameM kaDaba ke san 812 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM prApta hotA hai| isa abhilekha meM isa gaNa ke AcAryoM ko paramparA isa prakAra dI gaI hai-zrI kityAcArya, inake pazcAt aneka AcAryoM ke hone para zrI kUvilAcArya, zrI vijayakIrti aura zrI arkakIrti / isa abhilekha kI vizeSatA hai ki isameM spaSTa rUpa se 'zrIyApanIya nandIsaMghapunnAgavRkSamUlagaNe' zrI kityAcAryanvaye' aisA spaSTa ullekha hai| isa abhilekha meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki arkakIti ne cAkirAja ke bhAnaje vimalAditya kI zanibAdhA dUra kI thI aura usI cAkirAja ko prArthanA para govindarAja 'tRtIya' ne zilAgrAma meM jaina maMdira ke prabandha ke lie jAlamaMgala nAmaka grAma pradAna kiyA thaa| isa zilAlekha meM ullikhita arkakIrti ko zrI nAthUrAmajI premo ne zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa ke kartA pAlyakIti kA guru yA sadharmA hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai| / isake pazcAt 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' se sambandhita raDhvaga kA san 1020 I0 kA abhilekha prApta hotA hai| isa abhilekha meM punnAgavRkSamalagaNa ke kumArakIrti paNDitadeva kA ullekha hai / punaH hAsura (dhAravAr3a) ke sana 1028 ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha ke pUnnAgavakSamalagaNa ke AcArya jayakIti kA ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra hali ke abhilekha meM bhI yApanIya punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa bhaTTAraka bAlacandradeva aura rAmacandradeva ke ullekha milate haiN|' san 1108 I0 ke kolhApura ke zilahAravaMzIya ballAladeva aura gaNDarAditya ke zAsanakAla meM mUlasaMgha, punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ko AryikA rAtrimatikanti kI ziSyA bammagauNDa ne eka maMdira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| usa abhilekha meM punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ko malasaMgha se sambandhita batAyA gayA hai isa AdhAra para gulAbacandra caudharI ne 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, le0 0 124 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-nAthUrAma premI, pR0 167 / 3. Journal of Bombay Historical Society Vol.53 p. 102. dekheM, anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pRSTha 248 / 4. sAutha iNDiyana iMskripzansa, khaNDa 12, naM0 65, madrAsa 1940 5. janazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, lekha kra0 130 6. vahI bhAga 2, le0 kra0 250

Page #53
yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anbaya : 37 yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki isa kAla meM yaha gaNa yApanIya saMgha se alaga ho gayA thA aura mUlasaMgha dvArA AtmasAt kara liyA gayA thA / ' kintu hameM unakA mantavya isalie samucita nahIM lagatA hai, kyoMki isa kAla ke pUrva evaM pazcAt ke punnAgavRzcamUlagaNa ke aneka anya abhilekha bhI milate haiM, jinameM spaSTa rUpa se yApanIya saMgha ke sAtha 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' kA ullekha huA hai / isa abhilekha meM 12 varSa pUrva doNi, dhAravAr3a ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha mUlavRkSagaNa ke municandra, traividyabhaTTAraka ke ziSya paM0 cArukIrti kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha prApta hai / ataH yaha kalpanA samucita nahIM lagatI ki yApanIya saMgha kA punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa mUlasaMgha meM samAhita ho gayA ho / ekasAmba belagA~va se prApta san 1955 I0 ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa ke vijayakIrti ko senApati kAlana dvArA neminAtha vasati ke lie bhUmidAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai / isa abhilekha meM vijayakoti kI guru paramparA ke rUpa meM municandra, vijayakIrti 'prathama', kumAra kIrti aura traividyakIrti ke ullekha haiM / 3 yApanIya saMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kA antima abhilekha I0 san 1394 kagavAr3a, jilA belagAMva meM upalabdha huA hai / isameM punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke nemicandra, dharmakIrti aura nAgacandra ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa yApanIya sampradAya meM sabase lambI avadhi taka jIvita rahanevAlA gaNa hai aura isI gaNa ke sarvAdhika abhilekha bhI milate haiM / kaNDUra-kANUragaNa yApanIya saMgha kA eka anya mahattvapUrNa gaNa kaNDUragaNa yA kANUragaNa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / isa gaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha I0 san 980 I0 ke sauMdatti ke abhilekha meM milatA hai / isa abhilekha meM spaSTarUpa se yApanIya saMgha kA nAma nirdiSTa hai / ataH yaha gaNa yApanIya saMgha kA hI gaNa thA / isa abhilekha meM isa gaNa ke AcAryoM ke nAma isa prakAra 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 3, bhUmikA, pR0 29 2. vahI bhAga 4, le0 kra0 168 1 3. vahI bhAga 4, le0 kra0 260 , 4. vahI, bhAga 2, le0 kra0 160

Page #54
38 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ullikhita hue haiM-bAhubalideva, ravicandra svAmI, arhannandI, zubhacandra, municandra aura prabhAcandradeva / ye prabhAcandradeva 'nyAyakUmadacandra' ke kartA prabhAcandra se bhinna zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa para 'nyAsa' ke kartA haiN| jJAtavya hai ki pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana bhI yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya the| sauMdatti ke hI anya binA kAla nirdeza ke abhilekha meM ravicandra svAmI aura arhannandI kA ullekha hai|' yaha abhilekha sambhavataH 11vIM zatAbdI ke uttarAddhaM kA hai| isI prakAra sauMdatti ke hI anya abhilekha kA nirdeza DaoN0 pI0 bI0 desAI ne kiyA hai| jisameM isa gaNa ke zubhacandra 'prathama', candrakIrti, zubhacandra 'dvitIya', nemicandra, kumArakIrti, prabhAcandra aura nemicandra 'dvitIya' kA ullekha hai / ___isI prakAra belagAMva jile ke lokApura nAmaka sthAna ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha ke kaNDUragaNa ke sakalendu saiddhAntika ke ziSya abhayasiddhAntacakravartI nAgacandrasUri ke upadeza me eka mUrti kI sthApanA kA nirdeza hai| bandalike ke 1074 I0 ke anya abhilekha meM kANUragaNa kA ullekha hai kintu isameM ise mUlasaMghAnvaya kA gaNa kahA hai isameM paramAnandi siddhAntadeva ke ziSya kulacandradeva ko zAntinAtha mandira ke lie bhUmidAna kA nirdeza hai| isI prakAra adaraguMci dhAravAr3a ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMghake kaNDUragaNa ke eka mandira kI bhUmi kI sImAoM kA ullekha hai|" __ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki I0 san kI dasavIM zatAbdI se 13vIM zatAbdI taka isa gaNa ke astitva kI hameM sUcanA milatI hai| I0 san 1074 ke bandalike ke abhilekha meM tathA 1075 ke kuppaTUra ke abhilekhameM isa gaNa kA sambandha mUlasaMgha (jaina zi0 saM04/291) ke sAtha batAyA gayA hai| isake AdhAra para DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI ne yaha anumAna lagAyA hai ki 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, le0 kra. 205 2. Jainism in South India by P. B. Desai p. 165 3. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 5, le0 kra0 117 4. vahI, bhAga 2, le0 kra0 207 5. (a) vahI, bhAga 4, le0 kra0 368 (ba) dekheM-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, kusuma paToriyA, pR0 73

Page #55
yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 39 yaha gaNa bhI mUlasaMgha meM AtmasAt ho gayA hogaa| kintu isake bAda 13vIM zatAbdI taka isa gaNa ke abhilekhoM meM yApanIya saMgha kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| ataH yaha nizcaya karanA kaThina hotA hai ki yaha gaNa, jo yApanIya saMgha kA eka gaNa thA, pUrNataH mUlasaMgha ke dvArA AtmasAt kara liyA gayA thaa| yaha ho sakatA hai ki isa gaNa ke kucha AcArya mUlasaMgha meM cale gaye hoN| kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki yApanoya saMgha dhIre-dhIre samApta ho rahA thA aura usake gaNa aura AcArya dravir3asaMgha aura mUlasaMgha se jur3ate jA rahe the| kumudigaNa/kumuligaNa ___ dakSiNa karnATaka aura tamila pradeza meM yApanIya sampradAya ke jina gaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai, unameM kumudigaNa eka pramukha gaNa hai| yadyapi isa gaNa ke kucha abhilekha uttarI karnATaka meM bhI mile haiN| isa gaNa kA sabase prAcIna abhilekha kIrappAkam-tamilanADu se navIM zatAbdI kA prApta huA hai| isameM amaramudalaguru dvArA dezavallabha nAmaka jinAlaya ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai| isameM yApanIya saMgha kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza hai|' isI prakAra mugada, jilA maisUra se I0 san 1045 kA eka abhilekha upalabdha hai jisameM kumudigaNa ke kucha AcAryoM kA ullekha huA hai, yathA-sirikIrti goravar3i, prabhAzazAMka, nayavRttinAtha, ekavIra, mahAvIra, narendrakIrti, nAgavikki, vRtIndra, niravadyakIrti bhaTTAraka, mAdhavendu, bAlacandra, rAmacandra, municandra, ravikIrti, kumArakIrti, kumAracandra, dAmanandi, traividyagovarddhana, dAmanandi, vaDDhAcArya Adi / 2 pro0 upAdhye ne yaha sUcI prAmANika nahIM mAnI hai| isI prakAra gadaga (dhAravAr3a) ke eka abhilekha meM bhI kumudigaNa ke zAntideva ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kumudigaNa navoM zatAbdI se lekara bArahavIM zatAbdI taka arthAt lagabhaga 300 varSa taka astitva meM rhaa| korayagaNa korayagaNa ke ullekha paryApta rUpa se paravartI haiN| yadyapi isa gaNa kA 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 4, le0 kra0 70 2. vahI, bhAga 4, le0 kra0 143 3. vahI, bhAga 4, le0 kra0 611, 612

Page #56
40 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya zaka saMvat 261 arthAt 336 I0 kA kalbhAvi kA eka abhilekha upalabdha huA hai kintu isa abhilekha meM jo zaka saMvat 261 ko vibhava saMvatsara nAma diyA gayA hai vaha vibhava saMvatsara zaka saMvat 261 meM na hokara zaka saMvat 231 meM par3atA hai| vastutaH yaha markarA ke dAnapatra ke samAna koI jAlI dAnapatra pratIta hotA hai|' isa abhilekha meM korayagaNa ke mailApAnvaya ke AcArya zubhakIrti, jinacandra, nAgacandra, guNakIrti aura jinadatta ke ullekha milate haiN| isI prakAra bailahoMgala (belagAMva) ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha kA mailApAnvaya ke kAreyagaNa ke mulla bhaTTAraka evaM jinadezvarasUri kA varNana hai| punaH san 1209 I0 ke hannakeri, san 1219 I0 ke nadalI (belagAMva) tathA san 1257 I0 ke hannakeri ke abhilakhoM meM bhI yApanoya saMgha ke mailApAnvaya aura koreyagaNa kA ullekha hai| badalI (belagAMva) ke abhilekha meM bhaTTAraka mAdhava, vijayadeva, bhaTTAraka kIrti, kanakaprabha aura zrIdhara vidyadeva kA ullekha huA hai, jabaki hannakeri ke abhilekha meM inameM se paravartI do AcAryoM kanakaprabha aura zrodhara kA ullekha hai| koreyagaNa ke abhilekha san 875 I0 se prArambha hokara san 1257 I0 taka milate haiN| isa prakAra yaha gaNa lagabhaga 400 varSa taka jIvita rhaa| yApanIya saMgha meM yahI ekamAtra aisA gaNa hai jisameM spaSTa rUpa se mailApa-anvaya kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| mailApatIrtha meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa hI yaha anvaya mailApAnvaya nAma se prasiddha huA hogaa| koTimaDuvagaNa __ madanUra, jilA nellora meM I0 san 945 ke abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha koTimaDuvagaNa, arhannandIgaccha ke jinanandi munozvara ke ziSya 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, le0 kra0 182 2. vahI, bhAga 2, le0 R0 182 3. vahI, bhAga 4, le0 kra0 209 4. Karnataka Inscriptions Vol. I (1941) p. 75-76 5. uddhRta-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 74

Page #57
yAvanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 41 divAkara muni evaM unake ziSya mandiradeva kA ullekha hai| isa abhilekha meM gaNa ke kaTakAbharaNa jinAlaya kA bhI ullekha haA hai| isI prakAra pro0 pI0 bI0 desAI ne apane grantha Jainism in South India meM 1124 IsvI ke seDama ke abhilekha ke AdhAra para mar3avagaNa ke prabhAcandra vidya kA ullekha kiyA hai| isI prakAra asikere (maisUra) ke eka anya abhilekha meM maDuvagaNa yApanIya saMgha ke kumArakIti kA ullekha huA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki koTimaDuvagaNa ke ullekha I0 san 945 se prArambha hokara 12vIM zatI ke madhya taka arthAt do sau varSa taka milate haiN| isake pazcAt isa saMgha kA koI anya abhilekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| bandiyUragaNa (vADiyUragaNa) ___ bandiyUragaNa ke tIna abhilekha prApta hote haiN| ye tInoM abhilekha 11-12vIM zatAbdI ke haiN| dharmapUrI, jilA bIr3a (mahArASTra) se lagabhaga 11vIM sadI ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha bandiyUragaNa ke mahAvIra paNDita kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra beMgali (gulabargA) ke eka abhilekha meM yApanIyasaMgha ke vADiyUragaNa ke nAgadeva saiddhAntika ke ziSya brahmadeva kA ullekha hai|5 tIsare vAraMgala ke eka abhilekha meM isI gaNa ke guNacandra mahAmuni ke svargavAsa kA ullekha hai| isa abhilekha kA kAla san 1131 I0 batAyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt isa gaNa kA koI abhilekha prApta nahIM ho sakA hai| isa prakAra yaha gaNa lagabhaga eka zatAbdI taka hI jovita rhaa| pApanIya saMgha ke anya gaNa Upara hamane jina gaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM kanakopala sambhUta vRkSa mUlagaNa aura zrImUla mUlagaNa ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI gaNoM se sambandhita 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha bhAga, 2, le0 kra0 143 2. Jainism in South India P. B. Desai, p. 403 3. Journal of Karnataka University, Vol. 10. (1965) p, 159, 4. janazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 5 le0 kra0 70 5. vahI, bhAga 5, le0 kra0 125 6. vahI, bhAga 5, le0 kra0 86

Page #58
42 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya abhilekhoM meM kahIM na kahIM yApanIya saMgha kA ullekha prApta ho jAtA hai| kintu kucha aise bhI gaNa haiM jinheM vidvAnoM ne yApanIya-saMgha se sambaddha mAnA hai, yadyapi zilAlekhoM meM unake sAtha spaSTa rUpa se yApanIya saMgha kA nirdeza nahIM hai| pro0 gulAbacandra caudharI ne jainazilAlekhasaMgraha-bhAga 3 kI bhUmikA meM balahArIgaNa aura usake aDDakaligaccha ko bhI yApanIya sampradAya se sambandhita mAnA hai| zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne bhI pro0 gulAbacandra caudharI ke AdhAra para hI isa gaNa ko yApanIya saMgha ke gaNoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM ullikhita kiyA hai| isa gaNa kA prAcInatama abhilekha lagabhaga I0 san 945 kA hai| isameM sarvalokAzraya jinabhavana ke lie balahArIgaNa aura aDakaligaccha ko dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| isameM AcAryoM kI jo paramparA dI gaI hai usameM sakalacanda, apyapoTTi aura arhannandI ke ullekha haiN| isI prakAra balagAra gaNa kA I0 san 1048 kA eka anya abhilekha jo belagA~va se prApta haA hai, usameM meghanandi bhaTTAraka ke ziSya aSTopavAso kezavanandI kA ullekha hai| pro0 gulAbacandra caudharI ne nandyanta nAma ke kAraNa tathA uktagaNa ke sAtha kisI anya saMgha kA ullekha na hone se ise yApanIya saMgha kA mAnA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki lagabhaga 11vIM zatAbdI se hI isa balahAra yA bala-- kAragaNa kA balAtkAragaNa ke rUpa meM mUlasaMgha ke sAtha ullekha milane. lagatA hai| yApanIya saMgha ke gaNoM ke itihAsa-nirdhAraNa meM hamAre sAmane pramukha kaThinAI yaha AtI hai ki jo gaNa yA saMgha prArambha meM yApanIya saMgha ke sAtha pratIta hote haiM ve Age calakara mUlasaMgha yA draviDasaMgha ke sAtha ullikhita milate haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM nandIsaMgha jisakA sarvaprathama ullekha yApanIya nandosaMgha isa rUpa meM huA hai, Age calakara dravir3agaNa ke sAtha ullikhita milatA hai| 12vIM zatAbdI se to isakA ullekha nandIgaNa. aura nandIgaccha ke rUpa meM mUlasaMgha ke sAtha bhI huA hai| isI prakAra balagAragaNa, jo pahale svatantra rUpa se ullikhita hai, Age calakara mUlasaMgha 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 3 bhUmikA pR0 30 2. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 51-53 3. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, le0 kra. 144 4. vahI, bhAga 2, le0 kra0 181 5. vahI, bhAga 3, bhUmikA pR0 30

Page #59
yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 43. ke sAtha ullikhita milatA hai| isI prakAra yApanIya saMgha ke punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa aura kANUragaNa kA bhI ullekha Age calakara mUlasaMgha ke sAtha dekhA jAtA hai| pro0 gulAbacandra caudharI ne inhIM AdhAroM para yaha kalpanA ko hai ki yApanIya saMgha ke vividhagaNa kramazaH mUlasaMgha athavA dravir3a saMgha dvArA AtmasAt kara liye gaye / ' yApanIya saMgha kA anya saMghoM se sambandha mRgezavarmA ke abhilekhoM meM sarvaprathama hameM yApanIya, nigrantha, kUrcaka aura zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha aise cAra saghoM ke ullekha milate haiM / halsI ke abhilekha meM yApanIya, nirgrantha aura kUrcaka aise tIna saMgha eka sAtha ullikhita haiN| yaha abhilekha zAntivarmA ke jyeSTha putra mRgezavarmA kA hai aura0 san 5vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kA hai / mRgezavarmA ke devagiri se upalabdha eka anya abhilekha meM zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha aura nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha aise do saMghoM kA ullekha hai / isameM zvetapaTa mahAzramaNasaMgha ke sAtha 'saddharmakaraNaparasya' aisA vizeSaNa bhI ullikhita hai| yaha abhilekha bhI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha kA hI hai| kintu ina abhilekhoM se lagabhaga 100 varSa pUrva se hI mUlasaMgha kA bhI ullekha upalabdha hone lagatA hai| mUlasaMgha kA sarvaprathama ullekha noNamaMgala kI tAmrapaTTikAoM para huA hai| ina tAmrapaTTikAoM para gaMgakula ke rAjAoM ko paramparA dete hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki mAdhavavarmA 'dvitIya' ne apane rAjya ke 13veM varSa meM phAlguna zukla paMcamI ko AcArya vIradeva kI sammati se mUlasaMgha dvArA pratiSThApita jinAlaya meM uktabhUmi aura kumaripura grAma dAna meM diyA / punaH noNamaMgala ke hI pAMcavI zatI ke pUrvArdha ke eka anya saMskRtakannar3a mizrita dAnapatra meM koMgaNivarmA dvArA apane rAjya ke prathamavarSa kI phAlguna zukla paMcamI ko paramAhat upAdhyAya vijayakIrti kI sahamati se malasaMgha ke candranandi Adi dvArA pratiSThApita korikUnda (deza) meM uranUra ke jinamandira ko vennelkarani gA~va tathA cuMgI kI Aya kA caturtha bhAga dAna meM diyA 14 vidvAnoM ne yaha dAnapatra san 425 I0 1. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 3, bhUmikA, pR0 30 2. yApani (nI)ya nirgranthakurcakAnaM"jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 le0kra0 96. 3. vahI, bhAga 5, le0 kra0 98 4. vahI, bhAga 2, le0 kra0 90 5. vahI, bhAga 5, le0 0 94

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44 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ke lagabhaga kA mAnA hai / isa prakAra I. san kI 5voM zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata ke uttarI bhAga meM hameM nimna pAMca jaina saMghoM ke ullekha milate haiM (1) nirgranthasaMgha, (2) mUlasaMgha, (3) kUrcakasaMgha, (4) yApanIyasaMgha aura (5) zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha / inameM se prathama cAra digambara (acelaka) saMgha haiM aura antima zvetAmbara (sacelaka) saMgha hai| nirgrantha saMgha aura mUlasaMgha sarvaprathama hameM nirgrantha saMgha aura mUlasaMgha ke sambandha meM vicAra karanA hai| dakSiNa meM nirgrantha saMgha kA ullekha hameM mAtra mRgezavarmA ke do abhilekhoM devagiri aura halsI meM milatA hai| devagiri abhilekha meM zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha aura nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha kA ullekha sAtha-sAtha huA hai ye donoM kramazaH jainoM kI zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do zAkhAoM ke paricAyaka haiM / isa dAna-patra se yaha phalita hotA hai ki usa samaya rAjA donoM sampradAyoM kA samAnarUpa se sammAna karate the| sAtha hI ina donoM sampradAyoM meM mAnyatA yA AcAra bheda ke hote hue bhI paraspara sauhArda aura saha-astitva rahA hogA, anyathA eka ho gAMva kI Aya ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karake yaha nahIM kahA jAtA ki isakA eka bhAga ahaMddevatA ke lie, eka bhAga zvetapaTamahAzramaNasaMgha ke lie aura eka bhAga nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha ke lie nizcita kiyA gyaa| sambhavataH usa samaya taka zvetAmbara aura digambaroM ke mandira alaga-alaga nahIM hote the| donoM eka mandira meM upAsanA kara lete the, pro0 galAbacandra caudharI ne bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| sAtha hI isase yaha bho phalita hotA hai ki zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI meM dakSiNa-pradeza meM upasthita thaa| zvetAmbara graMthoM meM pratiSThAnapura (paiThaNa) meM AyaM kAlaka ke samaya se hI unakI upasthiti ke saMketa haiN| isa abhilekha meM ullikhita nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha se kyA tAtparya thA, yaha spaSTa nahIM hotaa| yadyapi 'mahA' 'vizeSaNa lagAne se lagatA hai ki acela varga ke sabhI avAntara sampradAyoM ke lie yaha eka sAmAnya nAma hogA arthAt mUlasaMgha, yApanIyasaMgha aura kurcakasaMgha ina tInoM ko nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha meM samAhita kiyA gayA hogA, kintu halsI ke pUrvokta abhilekha meM 'yApanIyanirgranthakUrcakAnAM' aisA bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga milatA hai, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki yApanIya, nimrantha aura kUrcaka ye tIna svatantra sampradAya the| kintu nirgrantha saMgha aura mUlasaMgha eka hI the yA alaga-alaga-pramANoM

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 45 ke abhAva meM yaha spaSTa kara pAnA kaThina hai| noNamaMgala kI tAmrapaTikAoM para mUlasaMdhAnuSThita mandiroM ke ullekha se bhI yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki mUlasaMgha aura nirgrantha saMgha eka hI the yA alg-alg| merI dRSTi meM sambhavataH donoM eka hI rahe hoMge / yadi alaga-alaga hote to kahIM na kahIM ina donoM kA bhI eka sAtha ullekha avazya hotaa| ___ isa sambandha meM mere vicAra nimna haiM jisa para vidvAnoM se cintana karane kI apekSA hai / yApanIyoM ke dakSiNa meM praveza ke pUrva bhadrabAhu ke pahale yA unake sAtha jo nirgrantha zramaNavarga dakSiNa calA gayA thA, vaha apane Apa ko 'nirgrantha' hI kahatA hogA; kyoMki usa samaya taka saMghabheda yA gaNabheda nahIM huA thaa| sambhavataH jaba yApanIya uttarabhArata se dakSiNabhArata kI ora gaye taba ve apane gaNa ko mUlagaNa kahate rahe hoMge, kyoMki yApanIyoM (boTika) ke vibhAjana ke samaya uttara bhArata meM gaNa-bheda ho cukA thaa| ataH yApanIyoM ne bhI apane sAtha gaNa kA prayoga avazya kiyA hogaa| unake jina prAcIna gaNoM ke ullekha haiM unameM punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa, kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa aura zrImUlamUlagaNa ye tIna nAma milate haiM aura ina tInoM ke sAtha mulagaNa kA prayoga hai| ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jaba uttara bhArata ko nigrantha saMgha sacelatA aura acelatA ke prazna para do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA, to uttara bhArata kI usa acela zAkhA ne, jise zvetAmbaroM ne boTika aura digambaroM ne yApanIya kahA hai, apane ko tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke mUla AcAra mArga kA anusaraNa karane ke kAraNa 'mUlagaNa' kahA hogaa| jaba yaha mUlagaNa dakSiNa meM praviSTa huA hogA to dakSiNa ke nirgrantha saMgha ne inakI suvidhAvAdI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa athavA Apasa meM milate samaya 'ki javaNijjaM' (ki yApanIyaM ?)-aisA pUchane para yA vandana karate samaya 'javaNijjAye' zabda kA jora se uccAraNa karane ke kAraNa inheM 'yApanIya' (jAvanIya) nAma diyA hogA / inheM bAhara se AyA jAnakara apane saMgha ko mUlasaMgha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hogaa| ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki mUlagaNa aura mUlasaMgha alaga-alaga the| 'mulagaNa' yApanIya thA aura mUlasaMgha nirgrantha thaa| nirgrantha saMgha mUlasaMgha se bhinna nahIM thA, yaha una acela zramaNoM kA varga thA, jo bhadrabAhu ke pUrva yA bhadrabAha ke samaya se dakSiNa bhArata meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| ataH I0 san kI pA~cavIM zatI taka dakSiNa bhArata meM yApanIyoM se bhinna acela paramparA ke do anya saMgha bhI the eka nirgrantha saMgha (mUlasaMgha) aura dUsarA kUrcaka sNgh|

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46 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mUlasaMgha (nirgrantha saMgha) kA yApanIyoM se sambandha ___ yApanIyoM kA malasaMgha se kaisA sambandha thA aura usameM paraspara kina bAtoM ko lekara matabheda thA ? isa sambandha meM jo sAhityika sUcanAe~ hameM upalabdha haiM unake AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki unameM mukhyatayA nimna bAtoM meM matabheda rahA hogA (1) bhadrabAhu ke pUrva yA unake sAtha jo munisaMgha dakSiNa kI yAtrA para gayA thA vaha yadyapi apane sAtha mahAvIra kA tattvajJAna aura AcAramArga lekara avazya gayA thA kintu unake pAsa mAtra utanA hI sAhitya rahA hogA, jitanA bhadrabAhu ke kAla taka nirmita ho pAyA thaa| punaH vismRti aura bhASAgata vibhinnatAoM ke kAraNa ve una Agama granthoM ko mUla rUpa meM kitanA surakSita rakha pAye the, Aja yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai| sambhavataH kAlakrama meM usa paramparA ke pAsa AcAramArga aura tattvajJAna ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM kI apanI bhASA meM jAnakArI ke atirikta viziSTa grantha zeSa nahIM raha gaye the| yahI kAraNa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata kA vaha nirgrantha saMgha (mUlasaMgha) AgamoM ko vicchinna mAnane lagA thaa| yApanIya saMgha jo ki unake bAda lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa pazcAt uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA se alaga hokara dakSiNa bhArata pahuMcA thA, vaha apane sAtha jina Agama granthoM ko le gayA thA, unako mUlasaMgha ne mAnane se inkAra kara diyA hogaa| kyoMki una granthoM meM bhI cAhe ve apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM hI kyoM na hoM, vastra, pAtra Adi ke ullekha to the hI / yahI kAraNa thA ki dakSiNa bhArata meM nirgranthasaMgha yA mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne Age calakara kSetrIya bhASA ke atirikta saMskRta ko bhI apanA pramukha mAdhyama bnaayaa| kundakunda ho mUlasaMgha ke prathama AcArya the, jinhoMne apane saMgha meM AgamoM kI pUrti ke lie yApanIyoM kI zailI meM zaurasenI meM grantha likhe| yadyapi kundakunda kI lekhana-dRSTi yApanIya granthoM se bilkula bhinna thii| isa prakAra AgamoM ke vicchinna hone ke prazna para dakSiNa bhArata ke nirgranthamUlasaMgha aura yApanoyoM meM matabheda rahA hogaa| (2) yApanIyoM aura dakSiNa bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha mUlasaMgha meM matabheda kA dUsarA kAraNa apavAda ke rUpa meM vastra-pAtra kA grahaNa bhI ho sakatA hai kyoMki yApanIya vastra-pAtra ko apavAda rUpa meM grAhya mAnate the / kyoMki unake dvArA mAnya AgamoM aura nirmita granthoM-donoM meM hI apavAda rUpa meM inake grahaNa kA ullekha milatA hai / sambhavataH dakSiNa meM muni AcAra meM zithilAcAra kA praveza yApanIyoM ke dvArA hI prArambha huaa|

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 47 (3) vivAda kA tIsarA AdhAra sambhavataH strI-dIkSA bhI ho sakatA hai| malasaMgha strI ko mahAvatArohaNa rUpa dIkSA dene ke virodha meM rahA hogA kyoMki usake dvArA sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga sambhava nahIM thaa| yaha bAta kundakunda ke evaM paravartI granthoM se puSTa hotI pratIta hotI hai| mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne yApanIya, dravir3a aura mAthura saMgha ko isalie bhI jainAbhAsa kahA thA ki ve strI ko paMcamahAvrata rUpa dokSA pradAna karate the| sambhavataH mUlasaMgha strI ko kevala sAmAyika caritra grahaNa karane kI anumati detA hogA, chedopasthApanIya cAritra arthAt mahAvratAropaNa kI anumati nahIM detA hogA / Age calakara yahI vivAda adhika tIvra huA aura mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne strI-dokSA ke sAtha-sAtha strI-mukti kA bhI niSedha kara diyaa| Aja hamAre samakSa I. san kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA koI bhI aisA sAhitya nahIM hai jisameM strI-mukti kA prazna jaina saMgha meM vivAdAspada banA ho / sarvaprathama lagabhaga pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI meM kundakundakRta mAne jAne vAle suttapAhuDa meM strI-mukti ke niSedha kA prazna upasthita hotA hai / smaraNa rahe ki pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne isa grantha ke kundakundakRta hone meM bhI saMdeha prakaTa kiyA hai| yaha prazna vivAdAspada banane para sabase pahale yApanIyoM ne hI strI-mukti ke pakSa meM tarka dene prArambha kiye hoMge aura mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne unake virodha meM apane tarka diye hoNge| zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM to strI-mukti ke prazna kI carcA sarvaprathama lagabhaga 8vIM zatAbdI se aura vaha bhI yApanIya granthoM ke AdhAra para dekhI jAtI hai| haribhadra jaisA samartha AcArya bhI strI-mukti ke apane pakSa ke samarthana meM yApanIyoM ke kathana ko hI 'yApanIyatantre' kahakara uddhRta karatA hai| (4) isake atirikta kevalI-bhukti, kevalI ko kitane parISaha hote haiM Adi kucha tAttvika mAnyatAoM ko lekara bhI donoM meM matabheda rahA hogaa| kintu kAlakrama se jaba mUlasaMgha bhI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke prabhAva meM A gayA to AcAra-mArga ke jina praznoM ko lekara yApanIyoM aura mUlasaMgha meM virodha thA usakI tIvratA samApta ho gayI aura saiddhAntika praznoM meM bhI kucha bAtoM ko chor3akara donoM meM samanvaya hotA gyaa| mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne bhI SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyapAhuDa, tiloyapaNNatti, bhagavatI

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48 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra jaise yApanIya granthoM ko mAnya kara liyA aura Age calakara una para TIkAyeM bhI likhii| isa prakAra nikaTatA bar3hane aura mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTArakoM ke atiprabhAvazAlI hone ke kAraNa dhIre-dhIre yApanIya saMgha ke vibhinna AcArya evaM gaNa mUlasaMgha meM AtmasAt hote rahe / abhilekhoM meM eka hI gaNa yA saMgha kA donoM paramparAoM meM samAnarUpa se pAyA jAnA isI tathya kA saMketaka hai / cAhe yApanoya saMgha ke sabhI AcArya eka sAtha mUlasaMgha meM praviSTa nahIM hue hoM kintu kucha AcArya unake prabhAva meM Ate rhe| yApanIya saMgha ke mUlasaMgha meM AtmasAt hone kI yaha prakriyA hameM pArzva ke nirgrantha saMgha kI mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM AtmasAt hone kI prakriyA kA smaraNa karA detI hai| jisa prakAra pArzva kA nirgrantha saMgha mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM samAkara Aja itihAsa kI vastu ho gayA usI prakAra yApanIya saMgha bhI Aja itihAsa kI vastu ho gyaa| jisa prakAra pAzvaM ke nirgrantha saMgha ne mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha ke AcAra-vyavahAra ko andara hI andara kAphI prabhAvita kiyA usI prakAra yApanIyoM ne dakSiNa ke nirgrantha saMgha yA mUlasaMgha ke AcAra-vyavahAra ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| jisa prakAra Aja pArzva kI paramparA ke Agama mahAvIra kI paramparA ke abhinna aMga ho gaye, usI prakAra sabhI yApanIya grantha digambaroM meM Agama tulya mAnya ho gaye / Aja isa mUlasaMgha ke atirikta anya sabhI acelaka saMgha nAmazeSa ho gaye haiN| yaha mUlasaMgha bhI nirgrantha acela paramparA ko mAtra graMthoM meM yA siddhAnta meM hI jovita rakha sakA,vyavahAra meM nahIM / vyavahAra meM nirgrantha acela muniyoM kI yaha paramparA sahasrAbdi se adhika kAlataka vilupta rahakara AcArya zAntisAgarajI se lagabhaga Aja se ATha dazaka pUrva pUnarjIvita haI hai| kyA aisA hI koI prAjJa saMta yApanIya saMgha kI isa mUladhArA ko bhI vyAvahArika rUpa meM punarjIvita kara jainoM ke sAmpradAyika bhedoM ke bIca samanvaya kA setu nirmita karegA? kUrcaka aura yApanIya-jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM ullekha kiyA hai mRgeza varmA ke abhilekha meM nirgrantha, kUrcaka aura yApanIyoM kA eka hI sAtha ullekha hai / ataH yaha siddha hotA hai ki nirgrantha, kUrcaka aura yApanIya tInoM alaga-alaga sampradAya the| kurcaka sampradAya kA isa abhilekha ke atirikta eka anya abhilekha bhI milA hai| isameM kurcaka saMgha ke antargata vAriSeNa AcArya ke saMgha kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai| isa abhilekha ke

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 49 anusAra kUrcaka saMgha ke vArisenAcArya ke anvaya meM candrakSAnta nAmaka muni ko kadamba nareza ravivarmA ne apane rAjya ke cauthe varSa meM apane pitavya zivaratha ke upadeza se siMha senApati ke putra mRgezavarmA dvArA nirmita jinamaMdira meM aSTAhnikA pUjA ke lie aura sarvasaMgha ke bhojana ke lie vasuntavATaka nAmaka grAma dAna meM diyA thaa| isa abhilekha meM 'kUrcakAnAM vArisenAcArya saMgha haste candrakSAntaM pramukhaM kRtvA' aisA ullekha hone se yaha anumAna hotA hai ki kurcaka saMgha ke antargata bhI aneka saMgha (anvaya) rahe hoMge / kUrcakoM ke sandarbha meM ye donoM hI abhilekha 'halsI' se upalabdha hue haiN| isake atirikta kUrcakoM se sambandhita anyatra kahI se koI bhI abhilekha upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH yaha nizcita karane meM atyanta kaThinAI kA anubhava hotA hai ki isa sampradAya kI mAnyatAoM kA anya saMghoM se kyA antara thA, yaha kitane varSoM taka jIvita rahA aura usakA mukhya prabhAvakSetra kahA~ thA ? ___ tApasa paramparA ke sAdhuoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kUrcakoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya aura Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya donoM meM hI upalabdha hote haiN| ina tApasoM meM zikhI, jaTI Adi ke sAtha kUrcakoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai aura unameM mukhya rUpa se nirgrantha zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ko kUrcaka ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra vastrAdi ke lena-dena kA sambandha nahIM rakhanA cAhie, isakI carcA hai| kintu hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki halsI ke donoM abhilekhoM meM ullikhita kUrcaka saMgha tApasa-paramparA se sambandhita na hokara jaina paramparA se hI sambandhita thaa| jaina paramparA kA yaha kUrcaka sampradAya kauna thA, isakI kyA mAnyatAe~ thIM, sAhityika aura abhilekhIya donoM srotoM se isa sambandha meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotaa| AdaraNIya nAthUrAma jI premI ne yaha anumAna lagAyA hai ki jaina sAdhuoM kA bhI koI eka varga hogA jo dAr3hI Adi rakhatA hogA aura isI kAraNa vaha kUrcaka kahalAtA hogA / ve likhate haiM ki "kUrcaka (prAkRta-kuccaya) zabda ke aneka artha haiM, darbha, kuzakImuTTho, mayUrapicchi aura daaddh'ii-mch| kU~cI isakA dezI rUpa hai| karnATaka meM UMcI-kamaNDalu sAdhuoM ke upakaraNoM ke rUpa meM Amataura se vyavahRta hotA hai| isase 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 99 evaM 102 / 2. kAvalie ya bhikkhU suivAdI kuccie avesatthI vANiyaga taruNa saMsaTTha mehuNe __ mohae ceva-bRhatkalpasUtra-laghubhASya-2823

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50 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya dAnapatroM ke isa zabda ne pahale-pahala hameM mayUrapicchi rakhanevAle jaina sAdhuoM ke hI kisI sampradAya ko samajhane ke lie lalacAyA / yApanIya sAdhu mayUrapicchi rakhate the aura digambara sampradAya ke sAdhu bhI mayUrapicchi rakhate haiM; parantu dAnapatroM kA ukta kUcaka sampradAya ina donoM se bhinna koI tIsarA hI pratIta hotA hai aura kucha prAcIna ullekhoM ke mila jAne se aba hama isa natIje para pahuMce haiM ki yaha kUrcaka jaina sAdhuoM kA aisA sampradAya honA cAhie jo dAr3hI maMcha rakhatA hogaa| unhoMne yaha yaha bhI mAnA hai ki vArAMgacarita ke kartA jaTAsiMha nandI kA jo varNana upalabdha hai vaha sambhavataH jaina sAdhuoM dvArA "jaTA" rakhe jAne kA AbhAsa detA hai / apane kathana ko puSTi meM premI jI jinasena racita AdipurANa meM unakI jaTAoM kA "jaTAH pracala vRttayaH" ke rUpa meM jo varNana kiyA gayA hai-usakA ullekha karate haiN| kintu AdaraNIya premo jI ke isa niSkarSa se sahamata hone meM kucha kaThinAI hai| kyoMki kezaloca jaina zramaNa saMgha kA eka aparihArya niyama rahA hai aura usa paramparA kA bhaMga karake jaina zramaNa dAr3hI aura jaTAyeM rakhane lage hoM isakA jaTAnandI ke uparya kta ullekha ke atirikta anya koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| punaH jaTA ke kAraNa 'jaTI-jaTila' nAmakaraNa hotA hai, kUrcaka nhiiN| oniyakti meM gerue vastradhArI dAr3hI rakhane vAle sAdhuoM kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu jaina sAdhu dAr3hI rakhate the aisA ullekha nahIM miltaa|' cUMki zvetAmbaroM meM keza loca kA antarAla sthaviroM ke lie sAmAnyatayA 1 varSa kA aura anya sAdhuoM ke lie 8, 6 athavA 4 mAsa kA hotA thA / usake madhya to isa varga ke jaina sAdhuoM kI dAr3hI to bar3ha hI jAtI hogii| ataH yadi dAr3hI ke AdhAra para hI kucha jaina sAdhu kUrcaka kahe jAte hoM to sambhava yahI lagatA hai ki ve sthavirakalpI yA zvetAmbara hoMge / dADhI Adi ke kAraNa kisI digambara jaina saMgha kA nAma kUrcaka saMgha paDA ho isakA hamAre pAsa koI bhI aitihAsika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM jinakalpI (nagnamuni) ke lie nitya loca kA 1. jaina itihAsa aura sAhitya (paM0 nAthUrAma premI), dvitIya saMskaraNa pR0 558-562 / 2. kAvyAnucintane yasya jaTAH pracalavRttayaH / arthAnasmAnanvadantIva jaTAcAryaH . sa no'vatAt-AdipurANa 50 / 3. kAsAyavatthakuccaM dharAya--opaniyukti bhASya-83 /

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 51 vidhAna hai / yApanIya grantha mUlAcAra meM bhI utkRSTa madhya aura jaghanya bheda se eka mAsa, do mAsa aura cAra mAsa meM loca kA vidhAna hai ataH isa varga kI dAr3hI adhika bar3hane kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / yadi dAr3hI ke AdhAra para hI koI saMgha kUrcaka kahalAyA ho to vaha vahI hogA jisake Agama varSa meM eka bAra hI loca kA vidhAna karate hoN| prAkRta meM 'kuccaga' zabda dAr3hI ke atirikta kaMghI aura kUcIvyaJjanA se pratilekhana yA rajoharaNa-ina arthoM meM bhI prayukta huA hai| ataH kUrcaka zabda se kevala dAr3hI rakhanevAle ko gRhIta karanA upayukta pratIta nahIM hotaa| 'kuccaga' (kUrcaka) zabda kA prayoga kaMghI yA kUci rakhane vAlA ke sambandha meM bhI ho sakatA hai| ho sakatA hai ki jo sthavirakalpI zramaNa varSa meM eka hI bAra kezaloca karate hoM, ve apane bar3he hue bAloM meM jue~ Adi jIvotpatti nahIM ho, isa ahiMsaka dRSTi se apane pAsa kaMghI rakhane lage hoM / smaraNa rahe zvetAmbara sAdhuoM meM Agamika nirdeza na hone para bhI Aja kaMghA rakhA jAtA hai / ataH unheM kuccaga (kUrcaka) kahA jAtA hogaa| punaH rajoharaNa yA picchi bhI eka prakAra kI kUci hI thI, ataH yaha bhI sambhava hai ki viziSTa prakAra ke rajoharaNa yA picchi rakhane ke kAraNa bhI jaina sAdhuoM kA eka varga kUrcaka kahalAtA ho| AcArAMgacUrNi meM boTikoM ke upakaraNoM kI carcA karate hue 'dhammakuccaga' aisA spaSTa ullekha bhI milatA hai| yahA~ 'dhammakuccaga 'zabda kA abhiprAya pratilekhana yA picchi se hI hai| usake Age lagA 'dhamma' zabda yaha sUcita karatA hai, vaha dharmopakaraNa hai| yApanoya grantha mUlAcAra meM bhI pratilekhana (picchi) ko saMyamopakaraNa kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra AcArAMgaNi meM varNita 'dhammakuccaga' dhArmika upakaraNa arthAt picchi vizeSa hI hai aura upayukta vikalpoM meM adhika sambhava yahI hai ki isI kAraNa yaha varga karcaka kahalAyA ho / yahA~ vizeSarUpa se yaha jJAtavya hai ki jaina zramaNoM meM picchi ke svarUpa evaM prakAra ke AdhAra para gaNa yA saMgha kA nAmakaraNa hotA rahA hai| acelaka paramparA meM hI go-picchaka aura niSpicchaka jaise saMgha rahe haiN| isI prakAra gRddhapicchAcArya-yaha nAmakaraNa bhI picchi ke prakAra ke AdhAra para huA hai| ataH sambhava hai ki jaina zramaNoM kA eka varga apanI ahiMsaka dRSTi ke kAraNa pazuoM ke 1. pAiyasaddamahaNNavo pR0 250-251 / 2. boDieNa dhammakuccagakaDasAgarAdi secchayA gahitA / AcArAMgacUNi pR0 82 /

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52 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kezoM athavA pakSiyoM kI pUMchoM yA paroM se bane hue pratilekhana ke sthAna para vAnaspatika rezoM yathA-- paTasana, mUMja Adi ke pratilekhana rakhatA ho aura isa kAraNa use kUcaMka kahA jAtA ho / AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM zayyA ke lie grahaNa kiye jAnevAle vibhinna prakAra ke ghAsoM ke ullekha meM 'kucca' nAmaka ghAsa kA bhI ullekha hai / - kUrcaka zabda ke artha ke sandarbha meM anya vikalpa yaha bhI hai kikalpasUtra meM boTika yA yApanIya saMgha ke prathama AcArya zivabhUti ko kotsa gotrIya kahA gayA hai / usameM 'koccha sivabhUI' aisA ullekha hai / " yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki zivabhUti ko paramparA ke ye zramaNa apane ko kocchaga (kotsaka) kahate hoM aura yahI kocchaga zabda kramazaH dhvani parivartana ke kAraNa kocchaga -- koccaga -- kuccaga ho gayA ho aura usakA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa kUrcaka kara liyA gayA ho| isa sambandha meM eka udAharaNa yaha hai ki osavAloM ke 'buraDa' gotra ke kucha loga Aja apane ko 'barAra' likhate haiM / yaha dhvaniparivartana aise huA hai - buraDa - baraDa / baraDa ko aMgrejI meM Barar likhA jAtA hai, jisakA punaH nAgarIkaraNa karake barAra likhA jAne lagA hai / aisI sthiti meM yaha mAnanA hogA ki zivabhUti kI paramparA kA acelaka saMgha hI kUrcaka kahalAyA ho / kintu yahA~ samasyA yaha hai ki eka abhilekha meM yApanIyoM aura kUrcakoM kA eka sAtha ullekha huA hai | ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki yApanIya evaM kUrcaka bhinna-bhinna hokara bhI eka hI paramparA ke the / zivabhUti kI paramparA hI Age calakara do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gaI, unameM se eka yApanIya kahalAtI ho aura dUsarI kUrcaka / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki kUrcaka jahA~ vAnaspatika rezoM kA pratilekhana rakhate hoMge, vahA~ yApanIya mayUrapicchI / punaH kUrcaka zabda kI vyutpatti ke sambandha meM eka anya vikalpa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki yaha gocchaga se banA ho / zvetAmbara paramparA meM pratilekhana yA picchI ke lie gochA yA gocchga zabda kA prayoga Aja bhI hotA hai / yaha prAkRta 'gocchaga' zabda, jo ki saMskRta guccha se banA hai, tamila yA kannaDa meM 'ga' kA 'ka' hone se use kocchaka kahA jAtA ho / kyoMki tamila meM 'ga' Adi tRtIya vyaJjana nahIM hote haiM / ataH gocchaga kA koccaka huA hogA aura isI 'koccaka' kA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa kUrcaka kiyA gayA hogA / dUsare zabdoM meM gochA (gocchaga) rakhane vAle jaina zramaNa hI kUrcaka kahalAye hoM / 1. kocchaM sivabhUiM ---- kalpasUtram ( prAkRta bhAratI ) 223 / 9 /

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 53 ataH yaha mAnanA bhI pUrNataH nirAdhAra to nahIM hai ki dAr3hI-mUMcha yA kaMghI rakhanevAle zramaNa kUrcaka kahalAte the| phira bhI adhika satya to yahI lagatA hai ki viziSTa prakAra ke vAnaspatika rezoM se bane pratilekhana (kuccagayA-gocchaga) rakhane ke kAraNa hI jaina zramaNoM kA eka varga kUrcaka kahalAyA hogaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja bhI mayUrapicchi Adi ke sthAna para Una yA anya vAnaspatika rezoM ke gocchaga rakhane kA pracalana hai / lekhaka ne bIsa-paccIsa varSa pUrva taka jaina sthAnakoM meM pramArjana ke lie paTasana kI kaMciyoM kA prayoga hote dekhA hai| ho sakatA hai ki jo zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha dakSiNa gayA thA, vaha paTasana yA mUMja Adi ke gocchaga rakhatA ho aura isI kAraNa kUrcaka kahalAyA ho| ataH isa sambhAvanA se bhI inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki dAr3hI-macha, kaMghI yA vAnaspatika rezoM ke gocchaga rakhanevAlA zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha hI kUrcaka ho / kyoMki usa abhilekha meM zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai, mAtra nirgrantha, yApanoya aura karcaka kA ullekha hai ataH nirgrantha aura yApanIya se bhinna kUrcaka zvetAmbaroM kA vAcaka bhI ho sakatA hai| zvetAmbaroM (zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha) kA ho eka varga kUrcaka kahA jAtA ho, isake pakSa meM nimna tathyoM ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) yadi kUrcaka kA artha dAr3hI-mUMcha se yukta zramaNa-aisA kareM to yaha nizcita hai ki jinakalpI acela nirgranthoM kI apekSA sthavirakalpI sacela paramparA meM keza loca kA adhikatama antarAla eka varSa kA mAnya hone se unheM hI kUrcaka kahA gayA hogaa| Aja bhI zvetAmbara muniyoM ko varSa ke adhikatama samaya meM dAr3hI se yukta dekhA jAtA hai| (2) yadi kurcaka kA artha kaMghI rakhane vAlA kareM to yaha tarka bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM jAtA hai kyoMki keza loca kA antarAla adhika hone se kezoM meM jIvotpatti na ho isa dRSTi se adhikAMza zvetAmbara muni Aja bhI kaMghI rakhate haiN| yadyapi isa sandarbha meM Agamika nirdezoM kA abhAva hai| (3) yadi kUrcaka kA sambandha mayUra-picchi se bhinna paTasana Adi vAnaspatika rezoM yA Una Adi kI kUcI yA gocchaga se mAnA jAye to yaha tarka bhI kUrcakoM ke zvetAmbara hone ke pakSa meM jAtA hai, kyoMki unameM Aja bhI pratilekhana ko gocchaga (gochA) kahA jAtA hai-zvetAmbara

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54 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mandiroM meM aura sthAnakoM meM pramArjanI ke rUpa meM paTasana kI kuMciyoM kA upayoga hote svayaM lekhaka ne dekhA hai| (4) kUcakoM ke zvetAmbara hone ke pakSa meM eka tarka yaha bhI hai ki usa abhilekha meM yApanIya kUrcaka aura nirgrantha (digambara) kA hI ullekha hai aura kUrcaka yApanIyoM aura digambaroM se bhinna zvetAmbara mAne jA sakate haiN| phira bhI jaba taka nizcita pramANa na mile, isa tathya se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki acelaka sampradAya kA eka varga jo dAr3hI-mUMcha yA kaMghI yA vAnaspatika rezoM kA gocchaga rakhatA thA, kUrcaka ho kintu itanA nizcita hI hai ki kUrcaka nirgrantha (digambara) aura yApanIya se bhinna haiN| isa sambandha meM adhika nizcitarUpa se kucha kahane ke lie vAriSeNa aura candrakSAta muni tathA unakI guru yA ziSya paramparA se sambandhita kucha abhilekhIya yA sAhityika sAkSya khojane hoNge| yadi kisI paramparA kI paTTAvalI IsvI san kI pA~cavI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga kisI vAriSeNa AcArya yA candrakSAta muni kA ullekha mila jAtA hai to jainoM ke karcaka sampradAya ke sambandha meM adhika prAmANikatA pUrvaka kucha kahA jA sakatA hai / AzA hai vidvad varga isa dizA meM prayatna jArI rkhegaa|| kUrcakoM aura yApanIyoM ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara kucha kaha pAnA kaThina hai, kyoMki karcakoM kI mAnyatAoM aura unake AcAra-vyavahAra ke sambandha meM koI bhI sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM hama jo kucha bhI kaha sakate haiM vaha eka tArkika parikalpanA se adhika kucha bhI nahIM hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM nirdeza kara cuke haiM ki yadi karcaka koccha (kautsa) gotrIya zivabhati kI paramparA se sambandhita haiM to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki yApanIya aura kUrcaka donoM eka hI paramparA kI do zAkhae~ haiN| yadi hama kUrcakoM ko varSa meM ekabAra keza loca karane ke kAraNa dAr3hI-maMcha se yukta athavA kaMghI yA Una, vAnaspatikarezoM Adi kA banA gocchaga (karcI) rakhane vAle mAnate haiM to zvetAmbaroM ke sAtha unakI nikaTatA pratIta hotI hai| phira bhI yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hI hai ki ve sacela paramparA ke the yA acela paramparA ke, sambhAvanAe~ donoM hI ho sakatI haiM / parantu ye saba parikalpanAyeM hI haiN| I0 san kI 5vIM zatI ke ina do abhilekhoM ke atirikta karcakoM ke sambandha meM anya koI bhI abhilekhIya yA sAhityika sAkSya upalabdha na hone se itanA to nizcita hai ki yaha saMgha bahuta hI alpajIvI rahA hai aura isakI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM adhika kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai|

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 55 drAvir3a saMgha aura yApanIya saMgha darzanasAra ke kartA devasena ke anusAra pUjyapAda ke ziSya vajranandI ne vikramasaMvat 526 arthAt I0 san 469 meM dakSiNa mathurA meM drAvir3a saMgha kI sthApanA kii| darzanasAra meM prastuta vivaraNa ke anusAra jaba inheM aprAsuka cane khAne se varjita kiyA gayA, to unhoMne vidroha karake eka naye saMgha kI sthApanA kara dI / inakA kahanA thA ki bIjoM meM jIva nahIM hotA hai, muniyoM ke lie khar3e hokara khAne (sthita-bhojana) kA niyama nahIM hai / yaha saMgha sAvadha arthAt bhUmi, jala, bIja Adi sacitta hai-isa avadhAraNA ko nahIM mAnatA thaa| ataH inake anusAra kRSi Adi karavAnA tathA zItala jala se snAna karanA bhI muni ke lie varjita nahIM hai / prArambhika abhilekhoM meM kundakundAnvaya aura mUlasaMgha ke sAtha drAvir3agaNa rUpa meM isakA ullekha dekhakara DA0 galAbacandra caudharI ne yaha anumAna lagAyA ki drAvir3a saMgha prArambha meM mUlasaMgha aura kundakundAnvaya se sambandhita rahA hogA, kintu Age calakara yaha yApanIyoM ke nandIsaMgha meM drAvir3hagaNa ke rUpa meM samAhita huA hogaa| paravartIkAla meM yaha drAvir3asaMgha itanA prabhAvazAlI ho gayA ki isane apane ko saMgha kA rUpa de diyA aura yApanIya nandIsaMgha ko nandIgaNa ke rUpa meM apane meM samAhita kara liyaa| yApanIyoM ke samAna hI drAvir3asaMgha ko bhI jainAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| isase lagatA hai ki yApanIya saMgha aura drAvir3asaMgha kucha mAnyatAoM meM eka dUsare ke nikaTa hI the| yApanIyoM ke nandIsaMgha kA nandIgaNa ke rUpa meM drAvir3asaMgha meM samAviSTa honA bhI isa tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| yadyapi 1. siripujjapAdasIso dAviDasaMghassa kArago duvo| NAmeNa vajjaNaMdI pAhuDavedI mhaasttho|| appAsuyacaNayANaM bhakkhaNado vajjido muNidehi / pariraiyaM vivarIyaM visesiyaM vaggaNaM cojjaM / bIesu Natthi jIvo ubbhasaNa tthi muNiMdANaM / sAvajja Na hu maNNai Na gaNai gihakappiyaM aDheM // kacchaM khettaM vasahi kAriUNa jiivNto| Nhato sIyalanIre pAvaM paraM ca saMcedi / / paMcasae chabbIse vikkamarAyasya maraNapattassa / dakSiNamahurA jAdo dAviDasaMgho mahAmoho / / -darzanasAra gAthA 24-48 taka

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56 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya pramANAbhAva meM drAvir3oM aura yApanIyoM ke bIca kina bAtoM meM samAnatA aura kina bAtoM meM antara thA isako spaSTa kara pAnA kaThina hai| drAviDasaMgha kI kRtiyoM ke upalabdha hone para unakA adhyayana karake hI isa sambandha meM kucha likhA jA sakatA hai| kASThAsaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha __ mUlasaMgha aura drAvir3asaMgha kI apekSA kASThA saMgha paravartI hai / yApanIyoM aura dravir3oM ke samAna hI isa saMgha ko bhI jainAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| isa saMgha kI utpatti jinasena ke satIrtha aura vinayasena ke ziSya kumArasena ke dvArA vi0 saMvat 753 arthAt san 696 I0 meM huii| AdaraNIya premI jI ne isa utpatti saMvat ko sandigdha mAnA hai|' 'darzanasAra' meM isa saMgha kI nimna mAnyatAoM kA ullekha huA hai-striyoM ko punaH dIkSA, kSullakoM kI vIracaryA, karkaza keza grahaNa aura chaThe aNavrata kI svIkRti / isakI utpatti ke sambandha meM alaga-alaga mAnyatAe~ haiN| paNDita paramAnanda zAstrI kA kahanA hai ki inakA utpatti samvat vikrama saM0 753 ke sthAna para zaka samvat 753 hogA tabhI vinayasena ke guru bandhu jinasena ke samaya ke sAtha saMgati baiTha sakatI hai kASThA saMgha bhI acelaka paramparA kA eka dIrghajIvI saMgha hai / isa saMgha ke cAra gaccha mAne jAte haiN| mAthura gaccha, bAgar3a gaccha, lAr3abAgar3a gaccha, aura nandI bAgar3a gaccha / yadyapi kASTha saMgha se ina gacchoM kA sambandha paryApta paravartI hI hai| pro0 joharApurakara likhate haiM-"sambhavataH 12vIM zatI taka mAthura, bAgar3a aura lAr3abAgar3a ina tIna saMghoM kA kASThA saMgha se koI sambandha nahIM thA / " pro0 joharApurakara ke anusAra aisI sthiti meM yaha mAnanA ucita 1. (a) sattasaetevaNNe vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / gaMdiyeDevaragAmekaTTosaMgho muNayanvo // darzana 38 / (bI) dekheM-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-pR0 276-277 / 2. itthINaM puNadikkhA khullayaloyassa vIracariataM / kakkasakesaggahaNaM, chaTai ca aNNuvvadaM NAma / darzanasAra 35 3. kASThA saMgho bhuvi khyAto jAnanti nRsurAsurAH / tatra gacchAzca catvAro rAjante vizrutAH kSitau / zrInanditaTasaMjJazca mAthuro baagdd'aabhidhH| lAr3a-bAgar3a ityete vikhyAtAH kSitimaNDale // -uddhRta jainasAhitya aura itihAsa 10 277 /

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 57 hogA ki mAthura Adi cAra saMghoM kA ekIkaraNa hokara 12vIM zatI meM kASThA saMgha kI sthApanA huI hai / ve devasena kI kRti 'darzanasAra' ke racanAkAla ko bhI saMzayAspada mAnate haiN| unake anusAra darzanasAra una devasena kI kRti hai jinakI caraNapAdukAe~ 1545 meM sthApita huI thiiN|' kASThA saMgha ko 'gopicchika' bhI kahA gayA hai / ___kASThAsaMgha ko pUrvokta cAra mAnyatAoM ke atirikta kucha vidvAnoM ne kASTha kI pratimA kI pUjA ke vidhAna ko bhI kASThAsaMgha ko viziSTa mAnyatA kahA hai| kASThAsaMgha ke utpatti sthala ke sambandha meM bhI vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| kucha vidvAn matharA ke pAsa kASThA nAmaka grAma meM isakI utpatti mAnate haiM to kucha nandItaTa grAma (vartamAna nAMdeDa) meM aura kucha agrohA meM isakI utpatti batAte haiN| kASThA saMgha ke saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM lohAcArya kA ullekha hai|6 kASThAsaMgha kA vizeSa prabhAva agravAla samAja para thaa| lohe kA vyavasAya karane ke kAraNa agravAla samAja kA eka varga Aja bhI lohiyA kahA jAtA hai| sambhAvanA yaha hai ki lohiyoM ke vaMza kA hone ke kAraNa athavA lohiyoM ke dharmaguru hone se unheM lohAcArya kahA gayA hogA / smaraNa rahe ki lauhakAra aura lauha-vaNik aise do vargoM kA ullekha mathurA ke prAcIna jaina abhilekhoM meM bhI milatA hai / lohiyoM kA sambandha inhIM lauha-vaNikoM se hogaa| kASThasaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha ke pArasparika sambandhoM para vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa pratota hotA hai ki kASThAsaMgha cAhe yApanIya na ho kintu vaha yApanIyoM se bahuta adhika prabhAvita to avazya hI hai| ho sakatA hai ki nandIsaMgha aura pUnnATasaMgha-jo kramazaH nandItaTagaccha aura punnATagaccha ke nAma se kASThA saMgha meM lagabhaga 12vIM zatI meM antarbhukta 1. dekheM-bhaTTAraka sampradAya pR0 211-212 / 2. dekheM-(a) jainasAhitya aura itihAsa (premIjI) pR0 276 / (ba) kASThA saMghe camarI bAlaiH picchikaa| -SaDdarzana samuccaya (haribhadra) kI guNaratna kI TIkA pR0 161 / 3. dekheM-jainasAhitya aura itihAsa (premIjI) 276 / 4. bhaTTAraka sampradAya pR0 211 / 5. naMdiyeDevaragAme darzanasAra 39 / 6. paM0 bulAkIcandra kRta kathA koza (vi0 saM0 1737) / -uddhRta yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya pR0 59 /

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58 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hue haiM, usake kAraNa hI kASThA saMgha meM kucha yApanIya mAnyatAoM kA praveza huA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki yApanIyoM ke samAna kASThAsaMgha kA dRSTikoNa bhI striyoM ke sandarbha meM udAra thA / punnATasaMghIya AcArya strImukti evaM strI ko chedopasthApanIya cAritra (mahAvratAropaNa) kA niSedha nahIM karate the| darzanasAra meM bhI kASThAsaMgha kI vizeSa mAnyatA kI carcA karate hue striyoM kI punardIkSA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kASThAsaMgha yApanIyoM ke samAna hI striyoM ko chedopasthApanIya cAritra pradAna karatA thA / zramatI (DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA) ne chedopasthApanIya kA artha zrutasAgara kI SaTpAhuDa TIkA ke AdhAra para prAyazcitta kara lene para punaH dIkSA prApta karanA'-aisA jo likhA hai, vaha zrutasAgara jI kI evaM unakI bhrAnti hI hai| cheda kA tAtparya hai pUrva kI dIkSA-paryAya kA arthAt sAmAyika cAritra kI dIkSA-paryAya kA cheda, aura upasthApana kA artha hai-saMgha meM varIyatA krama pradAna karanA yA saMgha meM sammilita krnaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja bhI chedopasthApanIya cAritra ke pazcAta hI navadIkSita muni ko saMgha meM sammilita mAnA jAtA hai aura usI dina se varIyatA (jyeSThatA) nizcita kI jAtI hai| chedopasthApanIya cAritra pradAna karane kA artha mahAvatAropaNa karanA hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki kASThAsaMgha meM savastra hote hae bhI striyoM ko mahAvrata pradAna kiye jAte the| yahA~ pUnardIkSA zabda kA artha bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai| zvetAmbara Agamika vyAkhyAoM ke anusAra mahAvIra ne hI apane saMgha meM sAmAyika cAritra aura chedopasthApanIya cAritra-aise do prakAra kI zramaNa dIkSAoM kI vyavasthA kI thii| pArzva kI paramparA meM aisI vyavasthA nahIM thI, sambhavataH navAgantuka yuvAoM aura una pApitya zramaNoM ko jo vastra kA tyAga nahIM karanA cAhate the sthavirakalpa arthAt pArzva ke saMgha kI vyavasthA ke anusAra sAmAyika cAritra pradAna kiyA jAtA thA-ye yuvA hoM to kSullaka aura vRddha hoM to sthavira kahalAte the| jinakI sAdhanA ko parakha liyA jAtA thA aura jo vastrAdi sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAgakara jinakalpa kA AcaraNa karate the unheM hI chedopasthApanIya cAritra pradAna kiyA jAtA thA / zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja bhI sarvaprathama choTI dIkSA ke rUpa meM sAmAyika cAritra pradAna kiyA jAtA hai aura phira kucha samaya pazcAt usakI kSamatA ke 1. yApanIya sAhitya aura unakA sAhitya pR0 65 /

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 59 parIkSaNa ke uparAnta bar3I dIkSA ke rUpa meM chedopasthApanIya cAritra pradAna karake use pA~ca mahAvratoM ke pAlana kI pratijJA karAI jAtI hai / jahA~ acelaka paramparA kI mUlasaMgha Adi anya kucha zAkhAe~ savastra strI ko mAtra sAmAyika cAritra pradAna karate the, vahA~ yApanIya aura kASThAsaMgha donoM hI strI ko chedopasthApanIya cAritra bhI pradAna karate the| dUsare zabdoM meM jahA~ anya acela paramparAoM meM strI ko nagna na ho pAne ke kAraNa muni pada ke ayogya mAnA jAtA thA, vahA~ yApanIya aura kASThAsaMghIya use muni-pada ke yogya mAnate the| kASThAsaMgha kI anya mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM "khullayaloyassa vIra cariyaataM" kA ullekha bhI devasena ne kiyA hai| yahA~ kSullakoM ko vIracaryA kA artha spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| kSullaka kA artha savastra muni yA ISatmuni hai aura vIracaryA kA artha 'svayaM bhrAmaryA bhojanam' arthAt bhikSAvRtti se bhojana prApta karanA hai|' isa prakAra kSallakoM ke lie bhI muni-sadaza bhikSAcaryA kA vidhAna yApanIya aura kASThAsaMgha meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta thaa| isake atirikta kASThAsaMgha bhI yApanIyoM ke sadRza hI rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko chaThe aNuvrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA thaa| smaraNa rahe ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAe~ rAtri bhojana niSedha ko SaSThavrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI haiM / 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' meM spaSTa rUpa se rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko SaSThavrata kahA gayA hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki yApanIya aura kASThAsaMgha kI mAnyatAe~ bahuta kucha samAna hI thiiN| yaha sambhava hai ki jaba yApanIyoM kA punnAgagaNa punnATasaMgha ke rUpa meM aura punnATasaMgha punnATagaccha ke rUpa meM kASThAsaMgha meM antarbhAvita huA to usake prabhAva se ye mAnyatAeM kASThAsaMgha meM AI haiN| aneka digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki kASThAsaMgha kA AvirbhAva punnATagaccha, bAgar3a gaccha, lAr3abAgar3a gaccha aura nandItaTa gaccha ke sammilana se hI huA hai / ____saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki kASThAsaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha meM saiddhAntika dRSTi se adhika dUrI nahIM hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki Age calakara yApanIya saMgha ke aneka gaNa aura anvaya kASThAsaMgha meM antarbhAvita hote dikhAI dete haiN| 1. dharmAmRta (sAgAra)-AzAghara, jJAnadIpikA paJjikA saha, pR0 304 / 2. dazavaikAlika 4 / 3. bhaTTAraka sampradAya pR0 213 /

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"60 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mAthurasaMgha devasena ne mAthurasaMgha kI utpatti kASThAsaMgha se hI mAnI hai, unake anusAra kASThAsaMgha ke rAmasena ke dvArA hI vi0 saMvat 953 meM saMgha kI utpatti huii| mAthurasaMgha kA mukhya prabhAva kSetra pUrvI rAjasthAna pazcimI uttara-pradeza, hariyANA, gopAJcala arthAt AgarA gvAliyarAdi kA kSetra tathA bundelakhaNDa rahA hai| mAthura saMgha ko niSpicchika saMgha bhI kahA jAtA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki kASThAsaMgha meM jo cAmara-picchi rakho jAtI tho, usakI karkaza keza grahaNa ke rUpa meM AlocanA hone ke kAraNa hI mAthurasaMgha ke bhaTTArakoM ne picchi kA parityAga kara diyA hogaa| SaDdarzanasamuccaya ko guNaratna kI TIkA' meM tathA indranandI kRta nItisAra meM inheM niSpicchika kahA gayA hai| kintu lATI saMhitA, meM jo ki kASThAsaMgha aura mAthura gaccha ke paM0 rAjamalla kI kRti hai, meM jahA~ kSullaka ke lie vastra picchi kA ullekha milatA hai vahIM ailaka ke lie spaSTa rUpa se picchi kA ullekha hai| vastra-picchi ke do artha hote haiM-vastra ke dhAgoM se banI huI picchi athavA vastra hI hai picchi jisako / smaraNa rahe ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja bhI UnI dhAgoM se bane rajoharaNa rakhe jAte haiN| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki mAthurasaMgha kSullaka kI voracaryA kA niSedha karatA thaa| yaha satya hai ki mUlasaMghIya vasunandI ne apane zrAvakAcAra 1. kASThAsaGgha camarobAlaiH picchikA, mUlasaGgha mAyUrapicchaH picchikA, mAthurasaGgha mUlato'pi picchikA nAvRtA gopyAM mAyUrapicchikA / ___ --SaDdarzanasamuccaya pR0 161 / 2. gopucchikAH zvetavAsAH drAviDAH yApanIyakAH / nipicchikAzceti paJcaite jainAbhAsAH prakIrtitAH / / -nItisAra (indranandI 10) 3. kSullakaH komalAcAraH zikhAsUtrAGkito bhavet / ekavastraM sakaupInaM vastrapicchakamaNDalam / / --lATIsaMhitA 7163 4. talakaH sa gRhNAti vastraM kaupanimAtrakam / locaM smazruzirolomnAM picchikAM ca kamaNDalum / / --lATI saMhitA 7156

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 61 meM' tathA svatantra vicAraka paM0 AzAdhara ne apane sAgAradharmAmRta' meM kSullakoM kI vIracaryA kA spaSTa rUpa se niSedha kiyA hai kintu lATI saMhitA meM paM0 rAjamalla jI, jo apane ko kASThAsaMgha aura mAthura gaccha kA mAnate haiM-vIracaryA kA spaSTa rUpa se samarthana karate haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM ve kSullakoM kI sampUrNa bhikSAcaryA kA vivaraNa bhI prastuta karate haiN| ataH jabataka isa saMgha ke anya kisI grantha meM koI spaSTa ullekha na mile isa nirNaya para pahu~canA kaThina hai ki mAthurasaMghIya spaSTa rUpa se vIracaryA kA niSedha karate the / zrImatI (DA0) kusuma paToriyA ne jo yaha likhA hai ki mAthuragaccha vIracaryA kA niSedha karatA hai usakA AdhAra kyA hai, yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / yadi unakA AdhAra vasunandI aura AzAdhara haiM, to ye donoM mAthuragacchIya nahIM hai ataH inake granthoM ke AdhAra para yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAthuragaccha kSullakoM kI vIracaryA kA niSedha karatA hai| yadyapi AzAdhara ke dharmAmRta (sAgara) kI TIkA meM vIracaryA kA artha bhikSAvRti kiyA gayA hai, kintu hameM yaha artha ucita nahIM lagatA hai, kyoMki vasunandI aura AzAdhara donoM hI kSullakoM kI vIracaryA kA niSedha karane vAlI isa gAthA ke pUrva Upara kI gAthAoM meM kSullaka aura ailaka ko bhikSAcaryA vidhi kA pratipAdana karate haiM / ataH vIracaryA kA artha anya kucha honA caahie| pUnaH lATIsaMhitA meM yadyapi kSullaka aura ailaka ko utkRSTa zrAvaka kahA jAnA isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki unapara mUlasaMghIya paramparA kA prabhAva hai kintu unake lie ISatmuni, sanmunireva Adi vizeSaNoM kA prayoga yaha sUcita karatA hai ki unapara yApanIya prabhAva bhI hai / punnATasaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha punnATasaMgha ke sandarbha meM sAhityika sAkSya to IsavI san AThavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se milane lagate haiM, kintu abhilekhIya sAkSya bArahavIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke nahIM milate / sulatAnapura ke san 1154 ke zilAlekha meM AcArya amRtacandra ke ziSya vijayakIrti ko punnATa batAyA 1. diNapaDima vIracariyA-tiyAla yogesu Natthi ahiyAro siddhantarahaMsANavi ajjhayaNaM desaviradANaM / -vasu0 zrA0 312/50 2. zrAvako vIracaryAha pratimAtApanAdiSu / syAnnAdhikArI siddhAntarahasyAdhyayane'pi // --sAgaradharmAmRta 7/50.

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.62 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya gayA hai / sAhityika sAkSyoM se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki harivaMza purANa ke racayitA jinasena aura bRhatkathA koSa ke racayitA hariSeNa punnATasaMghIya the| isI punnATa saMgha kA Age calakara kASThAsaMgha ke punnATagaccha ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai / zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ke anusAra kASThA saMgha meM isa saMgha kA antarbhAva jinasena aura hariSeNa ke bAda hI kabhI huA hogaa| smaraNa rahe ki mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA ne kASThAsaMgha ko bhI jainAbhAsa kahA hai| yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki prArambha meM ina punnATasaMghI AcAryoM kI kyA mAnyatAe~ thIM aura yApanIya paramparA se unakA kyA sambandha thaa| paM0 nAtharAma jI premI ne jinasenakRta harivaMza purANa aura AcArya hariSeNakRta bRhatkathA koSa meM aise aneka tathyoM ko khoja nikAlA hai jinake AdhAra para ye grantha strImukti, savastramukti, anyaliGgamukti kA niSedha karane vAlI mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA se bhinna kisI anya paramparA ke siddha hote haiM / isa sandarbha meM vizeSa carcA to hama yApanIya sAhitya ke prasaMga meM kreNge| yahA~ to mAtra yaha saMkSipta sUcanA hI paryApta hai ki harivaMzapurANa meM yazodA se mahAvIra kA vivAha, nandISaNa muni kA rogo mani ke lie AhAra lAnA, baladeva kI svargagati Adi aise aneka tathya haiM jo unheM mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA se pRthak karate haiM aura yApanIya paramparA ke nikaTa khar3A kara dete haiN|2 yadyapi harivaMzapurANa ke prathama aura antima sarga meM AcAryoM kI jo sUcI dI gayI hai usake kAraNa pUnnATasaMgha ko yApanIya mAnane meM bAdhA AtI hai| kintu zrImatI kusuma paToriyA aura paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki ye aMza yApanIya sAhitya ke digambara sAhitya meM antarbhUta hone ke bAda prakSipta hue haiN| harivaMzapurANa ke racayitA AcArya jinasena ke punnATa saMgha ko yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha mAnane ke lie pramukha AdhAra to yaha hai ki bahatkathA koSa ke racayitA hariSeNa bhI punnATa saMghIya haiM aura unake bRhatkathA koSa meM yApanIya tatva bhI spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hote haiN| jaise strImukti, strI ke dvArA tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA upArjana, 1. (a) jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 122 / (ba) yApanIya aura unakA itihAsa pR0 151 / 2. dekheM-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya pR0 150 / 3. vahI, pR0 151 /

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 63 gRhasthamakti tathA bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke AdhAra para apane kathA-koSa kA nirmANa Adi / ' hariSeNa ko yApanIya mAnane meM mAtra eka hI bAdhA AtI hai, vaha yaha ki unhoMne apanI bhadrabAha kathA meM ardhasphAlaka kAmbala tIrtha aura yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti kA asammAnajanaka rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai / zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne isa aMza ko bhI prakSipta hone kI saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hai| isa bAta ke aneka pramANa haiM ki digambara AcAryoM ne yApanIya sampradAya ke sAhitya ko apane meM samAhita karate samaya usameM aneka prakSepaNa kiye haiM / isa sabakI carcA hamane alaga se kI hai| bRhatkathA-koSa meM strImukti aura gRhastha mukti ke ullekha isa bAta ke prabala pramANa haiM ki punnATasaMghIya hariSeNa yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha rahe hoMge / punnATasaMgha ke yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha mAnane kA eka AdhAra to yaha hai ki yApanIyoM kA eka prAcIna gaNa kA nAma punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa thaa| sambhava hai ki yahI punnAga gaNa Age calakara punnATasaMgha bana gayA ho / isa saMdarbha meM pro0 joharApurakara kA kathana vizeSarUpa se draSTavya hailikhate haiM- "zaka saMvat 735 meM kuvilAcArya ke praziSya tathA vijayakIrti ke ziSya arkakIti ko cAkIrAja kI prArthanA se ballabhendra ne jAla nAmaka grAma dAna meM diyA thA / arkakIti ne apane ko yApanIya nandIsaMgha tathA punnAgavRkSamUla kA kahA hai| sambhavataH punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa pUnnATasaMgha kA hI rUpAntaraNa hai| merI unase isa saMdarbha meM yaha bhinnatA hai ki jahA~ ve punnATasaMgha se punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kA AvirbhAva mAnate haiM, vahA~ maiM punnAga vRkSamUlagaNa se punnATa saMgha kA AvirbhAva haA hai-aisA mAnatA hai| yadyapi punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke kucha paravartI abhilekha bhI upalabdha haiN| sambhAvanA yaha hai ki karnATaka se saurASTra jAne para isa punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ne svataMtrarUpa se apane ko punnATa saMgha ghoSita kiyA hai| ye donoM racanAe~ saurASTra meM hI nirmita haiN| gaNoM ke saMghoM meM aura saMghoM ke gaNoM meM parivartita hone ke aneka ullekha hameM dakSiNa bhArata kI acelaka paramparA meM milate haiN| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ke anusAra punnATa karnATaka kA prAcIna nAma hai aura karnATaka ke muni saMgha ko karnATaka ke bAhara jAne para yaha 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya pR0 151-153 / 2. vahI pR0 153 / 3. vahI pR0 153 / 4. bhaTTAraka sampradAya pR0 257 /

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64 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya nAma prApta huaa| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki uttarI karnATaka meM yApanIyoM kA prAbalya thA / punaH uttara bhArata ke anya pradezoM se yApanIyoM kA hI nikaTa sambandha thA kyoMki ve uttara bhArata se hI dakSiNa meM Aye the aura unakA vihAra uttara-pazcima tathA madhyabhArata meM hotA rahatA thaa| harivaMzapurANa aura bahatkathA-koSa donoM kI ho racanA varddhamAnapUra meM haI aura yaha varddhamAnapura saurASTra kA bar3avANa hI mAlUma hotA hai / yaha satya hai ki saurASTra zvetAmbaroM kA kendra thA / vahA~ yApanIyoM kA hI praveza adhika sambhava thA, kyoMki muni ke utsargaliGga aura apavAdaliGga ke prazna ko chor3a kara donoM meM saiddhAntika vivAda alpatama the aura nikaTatA adhika thii| isa bAta ke bhI aneka pramANa haiM ki yApanIya paramparA ke maniyoM kA AvAgamana karnATaka se saurASTra taka prAcIna kAla meM bhI hotA thaa| yApanIya saMgha ke SaTkhaNDAgama ke racayitA aura strImukti ke samarthaka puSpadaMta evaM bhUtabalI kA AcArya dharasena ke pAsa saurASTra meM karmazAstra ke adhyayana hetu jAnA isakA prabalatama pramANa hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM meM itanI dUrI nahIM thI, jitanI ki strImukti niSedhaka mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM thii| AgamoM aura strImukti ko svIkAra karane ke kAraNa yApanIyoM aura zvetAmbaroM meM adhika virodha nahIM thA / mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki ve eka dUsare ko Agama, karmasAhitya Adi kA adhyayana bhI karavAte the| dharasena yA to sacela paramparA ke the yA phira yApanIya the| unhoMne ho karnATaka se puSpadanta aura bhUtabalI ko saurASTra bulAyA thaa| apane purAne sambandhoM ke kAraNa punnATasaMgha gujarAta meM adhika vikasita evaM pallavita huaa| lAr3abAgar3a gaccha aura yApanIya punnATagaccha ke samAna lAr3abAgar3agaccha ko kASThAsaMgha kA upabheda batAyA jAtA hai, kintu kASThA saMgha meM antarbhAva ke pUrva yaha gaccha punnATa saMgha se sambandhita rahA hai| isa gaccha kA mukhya prabhAva kSetra gujarAta, rAjasthAna aura mAlavA rahA hai| lAr3abAgar3a gaccha ke ullekha vi0 saM0 1055 se vi0 saM0 1493 taka milate haiM ataH yaha eka dIrghajIvI gaccha hai|' zilAlekhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki lAr3abAgar3a gaccha mUlasaMgha kA virodhI thaa| isa gaccha ke bhaTTAraka cAmara kI picchi rakhate the| Age calakara yaha gaccha bhI punnATa saMgha ke sAtha kASThA saMgha meM antarbhUta ho gayA / 1. dekheM-bhaTTAraka sampradAya pu0 257-262 /

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yApanIya sagha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 65 yaha saMgha bhI kASThA saMgha ke anurUpa hI striyoM kI punaH dIkSA, kSullakoM kI vIracaryA, karkaza keza kI picchi aura rAtrI bhojana niSedha ko SaSTha vrata ke rUpa meM svIkRta karatA rahA hai / isase bhI isa saMgha kI yApanIya se kucha nikaTatA to siddha hotI hai| lAr3avAgar3agaccha punnATasaMgha se nikalA hai aura pUnnATasaMgha yApanIyoM se nikalA hai ataH yaha bhI yApanIya mAnyatAoM se prabhAvita rahA hai aura isane kASThA saMgha meM antarbhUta hokara usakI mAnyatAoM ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA hai|' yApanIya aura zvetAmbara prathama adhyAya meM hama spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbara, uttara bhArata ke jaina zramaNa saMgha kI hI do zAkhAe~ haiN| yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM hI isa avibhakta saMgha meM (IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka) nirmita Agamika sAhitya ke samAna rUpa se uttarAdhikArI bane / sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki prAcIna kAla meM yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM eka hI sAtha nagna mUrtiyoM kI upAsanA karate the| donoM ke Agama aura mandira bhI eka hI the| itanA hI nahIM ve paraspara eka dUsare ko granthoM kA adhyayana bhI karavAte the| mathurA, saurASTra aura uttarI karnATaka meM unakI sAtha-sAtha upasthiti bhI isI tathya ko pramANita karatI hai| prArambha meM donoM meM mAtra vastra mani ke lie apavAda liMga hai yA utsarga liMga hai, isa prazna ko chor3akara anya bAtoM meM samAnatAe~ thiiN| Agama granthoM ke mAnya karane ke kAraNa strI mukti, savastra mukti, anyaliMga mukti mahAvIra kA garbhApaharaNa, mahAvIra kA vivAha Adi aneka praznoM para yApanIya aura zvetAmbaroM kI dRSTi samAna hI thii| muni kI acelatA aura pANi-pAtra meM bhojana ina do bAtoM ko chor3akara muni AcAra sambandhI zeSa niyamoM meM una donoM meM lagabhaga samAnatA hI dekhI jAtI hai| mUlasrota kI ekatA ke kAraNa donoM meM samAnatAe~ to haiM-kintu unhoMne eka dUsare ko kisI rUpa meM prabhAvita kiyA hai-aisA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| acela paramparA ke ina vibhinna saMgho, gaNoM aura gacchoM ke yApanIyoM ke sambandha ke tulanAtmaka vivecana meM hamane yaha spaSTa rUpa se dekhA hai ki mUlasaMgha ko chor3akara jainAbhAsa ke rUpa meM ullekhita jitane saMgha haiM, ve kisI na kisI 1. vahI pR0 259 /

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66 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya rUpa meM yApanIyoM se sambandhita haiM aura unapara yApanIya mAnyatAoM kA kama yA adhika prabhAva bhI par3A hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kASThAsaMgha aura usake pUnnATa tathA lAr3avAgar3a gacchoM para yApanIyoM kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / kASThAsaMgha meM striyoM kI punardIkSA, kSullakoM kI vIracaryA Adi aisI avadhAraNAe~ haiM, jo nizcita hI kASThAsaMgha meM antarbhukta yApanIya paramparA ke avazeSa haiM / drAvir3a saMgha meM bhI jaba yApanIyoM ke nandIsaMgha kA praveza nandIgaNa ke rUpa meM huA to ve bhI kisI sImA taka yApanIyoM se prabhAvita hae hoMge / yadyapi drAvir3a saMgha ke sAhitya ke samyaka adhyayana ke binA yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki unapara kitanA aura kisa sImA taka yApanIyoM kA prabhAva hai| drAvir3a saMgha kI bIja meM jIva nahIM hai, zItala jala se snAna karane, khetI karavAne Adi meM doSa nahIM hai-Adi mAnyatAe~ mAtra usameM praviSTa zithilAcAra kI hI sUcaka haiM / kASThAsaMgha meM antabhakta mAthurasaMgha yadyapi mukhyataH mUlasaMghIya mAnyatAoM se prabhAvita hai| kintu usa para kASThAsaMgha ke mAdhyama se Aye yApanIya prabhAva ko bhI pUrNataH nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha satya hai ki yApanIya saMgha aura malasaMgha paraspara eka dUsare ke virodhI rahe haiM, aura isalie mUlasaMgha para yApanIyoM kA prabhAva nahIM dekhA jaataa| yadyapi yApanIyoM ke kucha gaNa kAlAntara meM mUlasaMgha meM antarbhUta hote hue dekhe jAte haiM, kintu unhoMne mUlasaMgha kI mAnyatAoM ko prabhAvita kiyA ho-yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| isake viparIta unapara mUlasaMgha kI mAnyatAoM kA adhika prabhAva huA hai| yahA~ hameM mUlAcAra, mUlarAdhanA Adi granthoM ko unake sAtha jaDe hae 'mUla' zabda ke AdhAra para mUlasaMgha se sambandhita mAnane kI bhrAnti se bacanA caahie| vastutaH ye grantha mUlasaMgha ke na hokara yApanIyoM ke mUlagaNa se sambandhita rahe haiN| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM spaSTa kara cake haiM, apane dakSiNa praveza ke samaya yApanIya apane ko malagaNa, Aryakula aura bhadrAnvaya ke nAma se hI sUcita karate the| isa grantha meM yApanIya mAnyatAoM kI spaSTa upasthiti yaha sUcita karatI hai ki ye grantha yApanIya hI haiM aura inake sAtha jur3A 'mUla' vizeSaNa yApanIyoM ke mUlagaNa kA sUcaka hai yApanIyoM ke ina granthoM ko apanA kara mUlasaMgha ne inameM apanI mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa yathAzakya parivartana bhI kiye, phira bhI inameM kucha aise tattva bane rahe jisake kAraNa unakA yApanIya honA spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ataH cAhe mUlasaMgha ne yApanIyoM kA virodha hI kiyA ho aura unake sAhityika RNa ko svIkAra bhI nahIM kiyA ho, kintu

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yApanIya saMgha ke gaNa aura anvaya : 67 yApanIyoM ke sAhitya ko apanAkara mUlasaMgha unameM upakRta to avazya hI huA hai / Aja bhI yadi yApanIya aura kaSThAsaMghIya sAhitya mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA se alaga kara diyA jAya to mAtra kundakunda ke granthoM, tattvArtha kI kucha TIkAoM aura kucha saMskRta purANa-granthoM ke atirikta unakA apanA kucha nahIM bctaa| anya kucha jo bhI hai vaha yApanIyoM ke granthoM para unako mUlAtmA se pRthaka hokara kI gaI TIkAe~ haiN| agale adhyAya meM hama yApanIya sAhitya para vicAra kreNge|

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adhyAya 3 yApanIya sAhitya yApanIya paramparA ke mAnya granthoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-- prathama ve grantha jo uttarIya jaina saMgha kI avibhakta dhArA meM yApanIyoM ke pRthaka hone ke pUrva se cale A rahe the aura jinheM ve bhI mAnya karate the, arthAt jo unheM virAsata meM prApta the / dUsare ve grantha jinheM yApanIya AcAryoM ne svayaM nirmita kiyA thA yA jina para unhoMne TIkAe~ likhI thIM / prathama prakAra meM mukhyataH ve Agama grantha Ate haiM, jinheM yApanIya mAnya karate the aura jinake uddharaNa sammAnapUrvaka apane mata ke samarthana meM prastuta karate haiN| ina graMthoM meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtAdharmaMkathA, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa, nizItha, jItakalpa, vyavahAra, Avazyaka Adi Agama tathA ina AgamoM kI niyu - ktiyA~, maraNa-vibhakti, saMstAraka, saMgraha, stuti (devinda thuI) pratyAkhyAna ( Atura evaM mahApratyAkhyAna) Adi prakIrNaka tathA karmaprakRti (kammapayaDI) Adi karma sAhitya ke grantha haiM / ina Agamika granthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana aura svAdhyAya kI paramparA yApaniyoM meM thI / dUsare prakAra ke graMtha ve haiM, jinakI ina granthoM kI viSaya-vastu ke AdhAra para athavA inakI gAthAoM ko lekara athavA svatantra rUpa se yApanIya AcAryoM ne svayaM racanA kI thI / ina granthoM meM kasAyapAhuDa (pejjadosapAhuDa), SaTkhaNDAgama ( chakkhaNDAgama), kasAyapAhuDa para yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtra, zivArya kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA, baTTakera kA mUlAcAra, hariSeNa kA bRhatkathAkoza, jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa, zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa aura usakI svopajJa amoghavRtti, strImukti aura kevalimukti prakaraNa aparAjita sUri kI ArAdhanA aura dazavaikAlika para vijayodayA TIkA, svayaMbhU kA paumacariu, jaTAsiMhanandi kA vArAMgacaritra Adi ullekhanIya haiM / AcArya haribhadra ne 'yApanIyatantra' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / yApanIyoM ke Agama yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavekAlika, kalpa, nizItha, vyavahAra, Avazyaka Adi AgamoM ko mAnya karate the / isa prakAra AgamoM ke viccheda hone kI jo digambara mAnyatA hai, vaha unheM svIkArya nahIM thI / yApanIya AcAryoM dvArA nirmita kisI bhI grantha meM kahIM bhI yaha ullekha nahIM hai ki aMgAdi - Agama

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yApanIya sAhitya 69 vicchinna ho gaye haiM / ve AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga, dazavekAlika, uttarA - dhyayana, nizItha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, kalpa Adi ko apanI paramparA ke granthoM ke rUpa meM uddharita karate the / isa sambandha meM AdaraNIya paM0 nAthUrAma premI kA yaha kathana draSTavya hai- "aksara granthakAra kisI mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie usI mata ke granthoM kA havAlA diyA karate haiM aura apane siddhAnta ko puSTa karate haiM / parantu isa TIkA (arthAt bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA) meM aisA nahIM hai, isameM to TIkAkAra ne apane hI AgamoM kA havAlA dekara acelatA siddha kI hai / "" 3 AgamoM ke astitva ko svIkAra kara unake adhyayana aura svAdhyAya sambandhI nirdeza bhI yApanIya graMtha mUlAcAra meM spaSTa rUpa se upalabdha hote haiN| mUlAcAra meM cAra prakAra ke Agama granthoM kA ullekha hai - (1) gaNadhara kathita, (2) pratyekabuddha kathita, (3) zrutakevali kathita aura (4) abhinna dazapUrNI kathita / isake sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki saMyamI puruSoM evaM striyoM arthAt muniyoM evaM AryikAoM ke lie asvAdhyAyakAla meM inakA svAdhyAya karanA varjita hai kintu inake atirikta kucha anya aise grantha haiM jinakA asvAdhyAyakAla meM pATha kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaise - ArAdhanA ( bhagavatI - ArAdhanA ) niyukti, maraNavibhakti, saMgraha (paMcasaMgraha yA saMgrahaNIsUtra) stuti (devidatthu ), pratyAkhyAna (Aura paccakkhANa evaM mahApaccakkhANa ) dharmakathA ( jJAtAdharmakathA) tathA aise hI anya grantha yahA~ para cAra prakAra ke Agama granthoM kA jo ullekha huA hai, usa para thor3I vistRta carcA apekSita hai, kyoMki mUlAcAra kI mUlagAthA meM mAtra ina cAra prakAra ke sUtroM kA ullekha huA hai / usameM ina granthoM kA nAmanirdeza nahIM hai / mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra vasunandi na to yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha the aura na unake sammukha ye grantha hI the / ataH isa prasaMga meM 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (paM nAthUrAma premI) pR0 61 / 2. suttaM gaNadhara kadhidaM taheva patteyabuddha kadhidaM ca / sudavalA kadhidaM abhiNNa dasapuvva kadhidaM ca // taM paDhidumasajjhAye No kappadi virada itthivaggassa / etto aNNo gaMtho kappadi paDhiduM asajjhAe / ArAhaNA nijjuttI maraNavibhattI saMgahatthudio / paccakkhANAvAsayadhamkahAo ya erisao // - mUlAcAra, 5/80-82 /

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70 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya unakI pratyeka-buddhakathita kI vyAkhyA pUrNataH bhrAnta hI hai / mAtra yahI nahIM, agalI gAthA kI TIkA meM unhoMne 'thudi', 'paccakkhANa' evaM 'dhammakahA' ko jina grantha se samIkRta kiyA hai vaha to aura bhI adhika bhrAmaka hai / Azcarya hai ki ve 'di' se devAgamastotra aura parameSThistotra ko samIkRta karate haiM, jabaki mUlAcAra kA mantavya anya hI hai / " jahA~ taka gaNadharakathita granthoM kA prazna hai vahA~ lekhaka kA tAtparya AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi aMga granthoM se hai, pratyekabuddhakathita grantha se tAtparyaM praznavyAkaraNa, uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita se hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM praznavyAkaraNa, uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita pratyekabuddhakathita mAne jAte haiM; ye grantha pratyekabuddhakathita haiM, aisA spaSTa ullekha bhI samavAyAMga, uttarAdhyayananiyukti Adi meM hai / zrutakevali kathita granthoM se tAtparya AcArya svayambhUracita dazavekAlika, AcArya bhadrabAhu ( prathama ) racita bRhatkalpa, dazAzrutaskandha (AyAra dasA ), vyavahAra evaM nizItha Adi se hai tathA abhinna dazapUrvI kathita granthoM se unakA tAtparya kammapayaDI Adi 'pUrva' sAhitya ke granthoM se hai / yahA~ smaraNa rakhane yogya tathya yaha hai ki yadi yApanIya paramparA meM ye grantha vicchinna mAne jAte to phira inake svAdhyAya kA nirdeza lagabhaga IsA kI chaThIM zatAbdI ke grantha mUlAcAra meM kaise ho pAtA / digambara paramparA ke anusAra vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa pazcAt arthAt IsA kI dUsarI zatI meM AcArAMga dhAriyoM kI paramparA bhI samApta ho gaI thI phira vIra nirvANa ke eka hajAra varSa pazcAt bhI AcArAMga Adi ke svAdhyAya karane kA nirdeza dene kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAtA hai / jJAtavya hai ki mUlAcAra kI yahI gAthA kundakunda ke suttapAhuDa meM bhI milatI hai kintu kundakunda AgamoM ke uparyukta prakAroM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt unakI svAdhyAya vidhi ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahate haiN| jabaki mUlAcAra spaSTataH unake 1. dekhie - mUlAcAra, 5/80-82 para vasunandi kI TIkA / 2. ( a ) aMgappabhavA jiNabhAsiyA ya patteyabuddhasaMvAyA / baMdhe mukkhe ya kayA chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNA // - uttarAdhyayananiryukti 4 / (ba) patte buddhamisiNo bIsaM titthe ariTThanemissa / pAsassa ya paNNadasa vIrassa vilINamohassa || - isibhAsiyAI, saMgrahaNI gAthA / (sa) paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu NaM sasamaya - parasamaya paNNavaya- patte abuddha ''' / - samavAyAMga 547 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 71 svAdhyAya kA nirdeza karatA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM mUlAcAra meM AgamoM ke adhyayana kI upadhAna vidhi arthAt tapa pUrvaka AgamoM ke adhyayana karane kI vidhi kA bhI ullekha hai|' AgamoM ke adhyayana kI yaha upadhAna vidhi zvetAmbaroM meM Aja bhI pracalita hai| vidhimArgaprathA meM isakA vistRta ullekha hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se pramANita ho jAtA hai ki mUlAcAra usI yApanoya paramparA kA grantha hai, jo AgamoM ko vicchinna nahIM mAnatI thI aura jisameM ina AgamoM ke adhyayana, adhyApana aura svAdhyAya kI paramparA thii| yApanIya paramparA meM ye aMga Agama aura aMgabAhya Agama pracalana meM the isakA pramANa yaha hai ki navoM zatAbdI meM yApanIya AcArya aparAjita bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI TokA meM na kevala ina AgamoM se aneka uddharaNa prastuta karate haiM, apitu svayaM dazavaikAlika para TIkA bhI likha rahe haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, yApanoya payUSaNa ke avasara para kalpasUtra kA vAcana bhI karate the, aisA nirdeza svayaM digambarAcArya kara rahe haiN| kyA yApanIya Agama vartamAna zvetAmbara AgamoM se bhinna the? isa prasaMga meM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki yApanIya ke ye Agama kauna se the? kyA ve ina nAmoM se upalabdha zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM se bhinna the yA yahI the ? hamAre kucha digambara vidvAnoM ne yaha kahane kA atisAhasa bhI kiyA hai ki ye Agama vartamAna zvetAmbara AgamoM se sarvathA bhinna the| paM0 kailAzacandra jI ne aisA hI anumAna kiyA hai, ve likhate haiM ki "jaina paramparA meM digambara aura zvetAmbara ke samAna eka yApanIya saMgha bhI thaa| saMgha yadyapi nagnatA kA pakSapAtI thA tathApi zvetAmbarIya AgamoM ko mAnatA thaa| isa saMgha ke AcArya aparAjita sUri kI saMskRta TIkA bhagavatI ArAdhanA nAmaka prAcIna grantha para hai| jo mudrita bhI ho cukI hai| usameM nagnatA ke samarthana meM aparAjita sUri ne Agama granthoM se aneka uddharaNa diye haiM, jinameM se aneka uddharaNa vartamAna AgamoM meM nahIM milte|" AdaraNIya paM0 jI ne yahA~ jo 'aneka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai vaha bhrAnti utpanna karatA hai / maiMne aparAjita sUri kI TIkA meM uddhRta Agamika sandarbho kI zvetAmbara AgamoM se tulanA karane para spaSTa rUpa se 1. mUlAcAra, 5 / 282 / 2. vidhimArgaprapA, yogavidhi, pR0 49-51 / 3. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva pIThikA pR0 525 /

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72 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya yaha pAyA hai ki lagabhaga 90 pratizata sandarbho meM AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI prAkRta para zaurasenI prAkRta ke prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa hue AMzika pAThabheda ko chor3akara koI antara nahIM hai| jahA~ kiMcit pAThabheda hai vahA~ bhI artha bheda nahIM hai| AdaraNIya paMDita jI ne isa grantha meM bhagavatIArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA se AcArAMga kA eka uddharaNa prastuta karate yaha dikhAyA hai ki yaha vartamAna AcArAMga meM nahIM milatA hai| unake dvArA prastuta vaha uddharaNa nimna hai tathA coktamAcAraGge-sudaM meM* Aussatto* bhagavadA evamakkhAdA iha khalu saMyamAbhimukhA duvihA itthI purisA jAdA havaMti / taM jahA savvasamaNNAgade No savvasamaNNAgade ceva / tattha je savvasamaNNAgade thiNA* hatthapANIpAde savvidiya samaNNAgade tassa NaM No kappadi egamavi vattha dhAriuM evaM parihiuM evaM aNNattha egeNa paDilehageNa iti / 2 nizcaya ho uparyukta sandarbha AcArAMga meM isI rUpa meM zabdazaH nahIM hai kintu 'savvasamannAgaya' nAmaka pada aura ukta kathana kA bhAva AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke aSTama adhyayana meM Aja bhI surakSita hai / ataH isa AdhAra para yaha kalpanA karanA anucita hogA ki yApanIya paramparA kA AcArAMga, vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha AcArAMga se bhinna thaa| kyoMki aparAjita sari dvArA uddharita AcArAMga ke anya sandarbha Aja bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArAMga meM upalabdha haiN| aparAjita ne AcArAMga ke lokavicaya nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana ke paJcama uddezaka ke ullekhapUrvaka jo uddharaNa diyA hai, vaha Aja bhI usI adhyAya ke usI uddezaka meM upalabdha hai| isI prakAra usameM 'ahaM puNa evaM jANejja upAtikate hemate"Thavijja' jo yaha pATha AcArAMga se uddhRta hai-vaha bhI vartamAna AcArAMga ke aSTama adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka meM hai| uttarAdhyayana, sUtrakRtAMga tathA kalpa Adi ke sandarbho kI bhI yahI lagabhaga yaha sthiti hai| aba hama uttarAdhyayana ke sandarbho para vicAra kregeN| AdaraNIya paMDita jI ne jaina sAhitya kI pUrvapIThikA meM aparAjita kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA kI nimna do gAthAeM uddhRta kI hai1. dekheM-(a) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayATIkA (saM0 50 kailAzacandra jI) gAthA-423 kI TIkA pR0 320-327 / 2. zuddha pATha isa prakAra honA cAhie meM = me, *Aussatto = AussaMto, *thiNA = thirAMga /

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yApanIya sAhitma : 73 paricattesu vatthesu Na puNo celamAdie / acelapavare bhikkhU jiNarUpadhare sadA // salaga sukhI bharvAda asukhI vA vi acelago / ahaM to sacelo hokkhAmi idi bhikkhu na citae // paMDitajI ne inheM uttarAdhyayana kI gAthA kahA hai aura unheM vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM anupalabdha bhI batAyA hai / " kintu jaba hamane svayaM paMDitajI dvArA hI sampAdita evaM anuvAdita bhagavatI arAdhanA kI TIkA dekhI, to usameM inheM spaSTa rUpa se uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAyeM nahIM kahA gayA hai / usameM mAtra "imAni ca sUtrANi acelatAM darzayanti" kahakara inheM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| AdaraNIya paMDitajI ko yaha bhrAnti kaise ho gaI hama nahIM jAnate / punaH ye gAthAeM bhI cAhe zabdazaH uttarAdhyayana meM na hoM, kintu bhAvarUpa se to donoM hI gAthAeM aura zabdarUpa se inake ATha caraNoM meM se cAra caraNa to upalabdha hI haiM / uparokta uddhRta gAthAoM se tulanA ke lie uttarAdhyayana kI ye gAthAeM prastuta haiM- 'parijuNNehi vatthehi hokkhAmi tti acelae / aduvA ' sacelae hokkha' idaM bhikkhU na cintae || ' egayA acelae hoi sacele yAvi egayA / ' eyaM dhammahiyaM naccA nANI no paridevae || -- uttarA0 2112-13 jisa prakAra zve0 paramparA meM hI cUrNi meM Agata pAThoM aura zIlAMka yA abhayadeva kI TIkA meM Agata pAThoM meM ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta kI dRSTi se pAThabheda rahA hai, usI prakAra yApanIya paramparA ke Agama ke pATha mAthurI vAcanA ke hone ke kAraNa zaurasenI prAkRta ke Agama se yukta rahe hoNge| kintu yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki prAcIna -stara ke sabhI Agama grantha mUlataH ardhamAgadhI ke rahe haiM / unameM jo mahArASTrI yA zaurasenI ke zabda rUpa upalabdha hote haiM, ve paravartI haiM / "vijayodayA ke AcArAMga Adi ke sabhI Agamika sandarbhoM ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve pUrNataH zaurasenI prabhAva se AcArAMga uttarAdhyayana Adi Agama to nizcita hI haiM / yahA~ do sambhAvanAe~ ho sakatI haiM, prathama yahI hai ki mAthurI vAcanA ke samaya una para zaurasenI kA prabhAva AyA ho aura yApanIyoM ne use 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva pIThikA, pR0 526 yukta haiM / mUlataH ardhamAgadhI me rahe

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74 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mAnya rakhA ho / dUsare yaha hai ki yApaniyoM ne una AgamoMkA zaurasenIkaraNa karake zve0 paramparA meM mAnya AcArAMga Adi se unameM apanI paramparA ke anurUpa kucha pAThabheda rakhA ho / kintu isa AdhAra para bhI yaha. yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hogA ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama bhinna the| aisA pATha-bheda to eka hI paramparA ke AgamoM meM bhI upalabdha hai| svayaM paM0 kailAzacandra jI ne apane grantha jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa-pUrvapIThikA meM jo aparAjitasUri kI bhagavatIArAdhanA kI TIkA se AcArAGga kA upayukta pATha diyA hai, usameM aura svayaM unake dvArA sampAdita bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aparAjita sUri kI TIkA meM uddharita pATha meM hI antara hai--eka meM 'thINa' pATha hai--dUsare meM 'thIrAMga' pATha hai,. jisase artha bheda bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana ko gAthA ke. sandarbha meM jahA~ pUrvapIThikA meM 'paricattesu' pATha hai, vahA~ ArAdhanA meM 'pariNattesu' pATha hai| eka hI lekhaka aura sampAdaka kI kRti meM bhI pATha bheda ho to bhinna paramparAoM meM kiMcit pATha bheda honA svAbhAvika hai, kintu usase unakI pUrNa bhinnatA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| punaH yApanIya paramparA dvArA uddhata AcArAMga uttarAdhyayana Adi ke upayukta pAThoM kI acelakatva kI avadhAraNA kA prazna hai, vaha zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| ____ isI prasaMga meM uttarAdhyayana kI jo anya gAthAyeM uddhata kI gaI haiM, ve Aja bhI uttaradhyayana ke 23 veM adhyayana meM kucha pATha bheda ke sAtha upalabdha haiN| ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM uddhata ina gAthAoM para bhI zaurasenI kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki mala uttarAdhyayana ardhamAgadhI kI racanA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki yApanIyoM ne apane samaya ke. avibhakta paramparA ke AgamoM ko mAnya karate hue bhI unheM zaurasenI prAkRta meM rUpAntarita karane kA prayAsa kiyA thA, anyathA aparAjita kI TIkA meM mUla AgamoM ke uddharaNoM kA zaurasenI rUpa na milakara ardhamAgadhI rUpa hI milatA hai| isa sambandha meM paM0 nAtharAma jI premI kA nimna vaktavya vicAraNIya hai-- 'zvetAmbara saMpradAya mAnya jo Agama grantha haiM, yApanIya saMgha zAyada una sabhI ko mAnatA thA, parantu aisA jAna par3atA hai ki donoM ke AgamoM meM kucha pATha-bheda thA aura usakA kAraNa yaha ho ki upalabdha vallabhI vAcanA ke pahale kI koI vAcanA ( saMbhavataH mAthurI vAcanA) yApanIya.

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yApanIya sAhitya : 75. saMgha ke pAsa thI, kyoMki vijayodayA TokA meM AgamoM ke jo uddharaNa haiM ve zvetAmbara AgamoM meM bilkUla jyoM ke tyoM nahIM kucha pATha-bheda ke sAtha milate haiN|' yApanIyoM ke pAsa skaMdila kI mAthurI vAcanA ke Agama the yaha mAnane meM eka bAdhA AtI hai, vaha yaha ki svaMdila kI vAcanA kA kAla vIra ni0 827-840 arthAt IsA kI tRtIya zatI kA anta aura caturthazatI kA prArambha hai, jabaki saMghabheda usake lagabhaga 200 varSa pahale hIghaTita ho cukA thA / ataH pro0 DhAkI kI yaha mAnyatA ucita hI hai ki vaha vAcanA phalgumitra kI rahI hogii| yApanIyoM ne usameM apane maMtavyoM ke anusAra kucha prakSepa bho kiyA hogaa| yadyapi phalgamitra kI paramparA kI isa vAcanA ke sambandha meM spaSTa nirdeza kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki yApanIya Agama vahI the, jo una nAmoM se Aja zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha haiN| mAtra unameM kicit pAThabheda thA tathA bhASA kI daSTi se zaurasenI kA prabhAva adhika thaa| yApanIya granthoM meM AgamoM ke jo uddharaNa milate haiM unameM kucha to vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM meM anupalabdha haiM, kucha pAThAntaraNa ke sAtha upalabdha haiN| jo anupalabdha haiM, unake sambandha meM do vikalpa haiM-prathama yaha ki mUlAgAmoM ke ve aMza bAda ke zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne agalI vAcanA meM nikAla diye aura dUsarA yaha ki ve aMza yApanIya mAnyatA ke prakSipta aMza haiN| kintu prathama vikalpa meM isalie vizvAsa nahIM hotA ki yadi paravartI vAcanAoM meM ve saba bAteM, jo usa yuga ke AcAryoM ko mAnya nahIM thIM yA unako paramparA se viruddha thIM, nikAla dI gaI hotI to vartamAna zvetAmbara AgamoM meM acelatA ke samarthaka sabhI aMza nikAla diye jAne cAhie the| majhe aisA lagatA hai ki AgamoM kI vAcanAoM ( saMkalana ) ke samaya kevala ve hI aMza nahIM A pAye the jo vismRta ho gaye the athavA pUnarAvatti se bacane ke lie 'jAva' pATha dekara vahA~ se haTA diye gaye the| mAnyatA bheda ke kAraNa kucha aMza jAnabUjhakara nikAle gaye hoM, aisA koI bhI vizvasanIya pramANa hameM nahIM miltaa| kintu yaha ho sakatA hai ki ve aMza kisI anya gaNa kI vAcanA ke rahe hoM, jinake pratinidhi usa vAcanA meM sammilita nahIM the| kucha aise pramANa upalabdha haiM ki vibhinna 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 60 1. pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para

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76 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya gaNoM meM vAcanA-bheda yA pAThabheda hotA thaa| vibhinna gaNoM ke nirmANa kA eka kAraNa vAcanA bheda bhI mAnA gayA hai| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki mahAvora ke gyAraha gaNadharoM ko nau vAcanAeM thIM arthAt mahAvIra ke kAla meM bhI vAcanA-bheda thA / kyoMki pratyeka vAcanAcArya ko adhyApana zailI bhinna hotI thii| jJAtavya hai ki jaina paramparA meM zabda ke sthAna para artha para bala diyA jAtA thA, tIrthaGkara ko artha kA pravartaka mAnA gayA thA jabaki vaidika paramparA zabda pradhAna thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainoM ne yaha mAnA ki cAhe zabda bheda ho, artha bheda nahIM honA cAhie / yahI kAraNa hai ki vAcanA bheda bar3hate gye| hameM yApanIya granthoM meM upalabdha Agamika uddharaNoM kA vartamAna AgamoM se jo pAThabheda milatA hai unakA kAraNa vAcanA-bheda hai, artha bheda nahIM, kyoMki aise anupalabdha aMzoM yA pAThabhedoM meM viSaya pratipAdana ko daSTi se mahattvapUrNa antara nahIM hai| kintu isa sambhAvanA se pUrI taraha inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki svayaM yApanIyoM ne bhI apanI mAnyatA kI puSTi ke lie kucha aMza jor3e hoM athavA parivartita kiye hoN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI valabho vAcanA meM yA usake pazcAt bhI AgamoM meM kucha aMza jur3ate rahe haiM isa tathya se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / hama paNDita kailAzacandra jI ke isa kathana se sahamata haiM ki valabhI vAcanA ke samaya aura usake bAda bhI AgamoM ke svarUpa meM kucha parivartana hue haiN| kintu unake dvArA prayukta 'bahuta' zabda Apatti janaka hai phira bhI dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki inameM prakSepa hI adhika huA hai, nikAlA kucha nahIM gayA hai| kintu aisA prakSepa mAtra zvetAmbaroM ne kiyA hai aura digambaroM tathA yApanIyoM ne nahIM kiyA hai-yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sambhava hai ki yApanIya paramparA ne bhI AgamoM meM apane anukUla kucha aMza prakSipta kiye hoM / mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi granyoM ko dekhane se aisA spaSTa lagatA hai ki unhoMne ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko hI saikar3oM gAthAyeM zaurasenI prAkRta meM rUpAntarita karake apane ina granthoM ko racanA kI hai, mUlAcAra kA lagabhaga AdhA bhAga prakIrNakoM, niyuktiyoM evaM AgamoM kI gAthAoM se nirmita hai yaha to nizcita hai ki prAcIna Agama-sAhitya ardhamAgadhI meM thaa| yApanIya granthoM meM upalabdha Agamika sandarbho ke sadaiva zaurasenI rUpa hI milate haiM, jo isa tathya ke spaSTa pramANa haiM ki unhoMne ardhamAgadhI Agama 1. jaina sAhitya kA isihAsa pUrvapIThikA pR0 527 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 77 sAhitya ko zaurasenI meM apane DhaMga se rUpAntarita karane kA prayatna kiyA aura isa prayatna meM unhoMne apane mata kI puSTi kA bhI prayAsa kiyaa| ata; isa tathya se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki yApanIya AcAryoM ne bho mala AgamoM ke sAtha cheDachADa kI aura apane mata kI puSTi hetu unhoMne unameM parivardhana aura prakSepa bhI kiye / ___mAtra zvetAmbara aura yApanIya hI AgamoM ke sAtha cher3achAr3a karane ke doSI nahIM haiM, balki digambara AcArya aura paNDita bhI isa daur3a meM pIche nahIM rahe haiN| yApanIya granthoM meM digambara paramparA ke dvArA jo prakSepaNa aura parivartana kiye gaye haiM ve to aura bhI adhika vicAraNIya haiM; kyoMki inake kAraNa aneka yApanIya granthoM kA yApanIya svarUpa hI vikRta ho gayA hai| hamAre digambara vidvAn zvetAmbara granthoM meM prakSepaNa kI bAta to kahate haiM kintu ve isa bAta ko vismRta kara jAte haiM ki svayaM unhoMne yApanIya aura apane granthoM meM bhI kisa prakAra hera-phera kiye haiN| isa sambandha meM maiM apanI ora se kucha na kahakara digambara vidvAnoM kA mata prastuta karanA caahNgaa| paM. kailAzacandra jI apane dvArA sampAdita 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI prastAvanA meM likhate haiM ki-"vijayodayA ke adhyayana se prakaTa hotA hai ki unake sAmane TIkA likhate samaya jo mUlagrantha upasthita thA, usameM aura vartamAna mUla (grantha) meM antara hai / aneka gAthAoM meM ve zabda nahIM milate jo TIkAoM meM haiN|" isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jaba digambara AcAryoM ne isa yApanIya grantha ko apane meM samAhita kiyA hogA to isakI mUla gAthAoM ke zabdoM meM bhI hera-phera kara diyA hogaa| yadi paM0 kailAzacandra jI ne una sabhI sthaloM kA jahA~ unheM pAThabheda pratIta huA, nirdeza kiyA hotA to sambhavataH hama adhika prAmANikatA se kucha bAta kaha sakate the / TIkA aura mUla ke sAre antaroM ko hama bhI abhI taka khoja nahIM pAye haiM / ataH abhI to unake mata ko hI vizvasanIya mAnakara saMtoSa kreNge| svayaMbhU ke riTTanemicariu (harivaMsapurANu) meM bhI isI prakAra kI cher3a-chAr3a huI thii| isa sandarbha meM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI likhate haiM-"isameM to saMdeha nahIM hai ki isa antima aMza meM muni jasakitti (yazakIti) kA bhI hAtha hai parantu yaha 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, prastAvanA pR0 9 /

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*78 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kitanA hai yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| bahuta kucha soca-vicAra ke bAda hama isa nirNaya para pahu~ce haiM ki muni jasakitti ko isa grantha kI koI aisI jIrNa-zIrNa prati milI thI jisake antima patra naSTa-bhraSTa the aura zAyada anya pratiyA~ durlabha thIM, isalie unhoMne gopagiri (gvAliyara) ke samIpa kumaranagarI ke jaina mandira meM vyAkhyAna karane ke lie ise ThIka kiyA arthAt jahA~-jahA~ jitanA aMza par3hA nahIM gayA thA yA naSTa ho gayA thA, usako svayaM racakara jor3a diyA aura jahA~-jahA~ jor3A vahA~-vahA~ apane parizrama ke evaja meM apanA nAma bhI jor3a diyaa| isase spaSTa hai ki kucha digambara AcAryoM ne dUsaroM kI racanAoM ko bhI apane nAma para car3hA liyaa| __isI prakAra tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI paryApta rUpa se milAvaTa huI hai| jahA~ tiloyapaNNatti kA grantha parimANa 8000 zloka batAyA gayA hai vahA~ vartamAna tiloyapaNNatti kA zloka pariNAma 9340 hai, arthAt lagabhaga 1340 zloka adhika haiN| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ke zabdoM meM yeisa bAta ke saMketa dete haiM ki pIche se isameM milAvaTa kI gayI hai| isa saMdarbha meM paM0 phalacandra zAstrI ke jainasAhitya bhAskara bhAga-11, aMka prathama meM prakAzita 'vartamAna tiloyapaNNatti aura usake racanAkAra kA vicAra' nAmaka lekha ke AdhAra para ve likhate haiM ki-"usase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha grantha apane asala rUpa meM nahIM rahA hai| usameM na kevala bahata sA-lagabhaga eka aSTamAMza prakSipta hai, balki bahuta-sA parivartana aura parizodha bhI kiyA gayA hai, jo mUla grantha kartA ke anukUla nahIM hai|"2 isI prakAra kasAyapAhuDasutta kI mUla gAthAe~ 180 thIM, kintu Aja usameM 233 gAthAe~ milatI haiM--arthAt usameM 53 gAthAeM paravartI AcAryoM dvArA prakSipta haiN| yahI sthiti kundakunda ke samayasAra, baTTakerI ke mUlAcAra Adi kI bhI hai / prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM bhI gAthAoM kI saMkhyAoM meM bahuta adhika antara hai samayasAra ke jJAnapITha ke saMskaraNa meM 415 gAthAyeM haiM to ajitAzrama saMskaraNa meM 437 gaathaayeN| mUlAcAra ke digambara jainagranthamAlA ke saMskaraNa meM 1252 gAthAeM haiM to phalaTaNa ke saMskaraNa meM 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa (dvitIya saMskaraNa) pR0 202 / 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa (dvi0 saM0 ) pR0 11-12 aura [ sUcanA premIjI ke anusAra tiloyapaNNatti meM kucha bAteM dhavalAdi se anyathA dekhakara usakA saMzodhana aura parivardhana karake use vartamAna rUpa de diyA ho pR0 16]

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yApanIya sAhitya 79 1414 gAthAe~ haiM arthAt 162 gAthAe~ adhika haiM, yaha saba isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM ne zvetAmbaroM aura yApanoyoM kI apekSA bahata adhika prakSepa evaM parivartana kiyA hai| ina ullekhoM ke atirikta vartamAna meM bhI isa prakAra ke parivartanoM ke prayAsa hae haiN| jaise 'dhavalA' ke sampAdana ke samaya mUla grantha SaTkhaNDAgama se 'saMjada' pada ko haTA denA, tAki usa grantha ke yApanIya svarUpa yA strI makti ke samarthaka hone kA pramANa naSTa kiyA jA ske| isa saMdarbha meM digambara samAja meM kitanI UhApoha macI thI aura pakSa-vipakSa meM kitane lekha likhe gaye the, yaha tathya kisI se chipA nahIM hai / yaha bhI satya hai ki anta meM malaprati meM 'saMjada' pada pAyA gayA / tathApi tAmrapatra vAlI prati meM vaha pada nahIM likhA gayA, saMbhavataH bhaviSya meM vaha eka naI samasyA utpanna kregaa| isa sandarbha meM bhI maiM apanI ora se kucha na kahakara digambara paramparA ke mAnya vidvAn paM0 kailAzacaMdra jI ke zabdoM ko hI uddhata kara rahA hai| paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI kI kRti 'SaTkhaNDAgama-parizIlana ke apane pradhAna sampAdakIya meM ve likhate haiM-"samUcA grantha prakAzita hone se pUrva hI eka aura vivAda uTha khar3A huaa| prathama bhAga ke sUtra 93 meM jo pATha hameM upalabdha thA, usameM artha-saMgati kI dRSTi se 'saMjadAsaMjada' ke Age 'saMjada' pada jor3ane kI AvazyakatA pratIta huI, kintu isase phalita hone vAlI saiddhAntika vyavasthAoM se kucha vidvAnoM ke mana AloDita hae aura ve 'saMjada' pada ko vahAM jor3anA eka anadhikAra ceSTA kahane lge| isa para bahuta bAra maukhika zAstrArtha bhI hue aura uttara-pratyuttara rUpa lekhoM kI zrRkhalAe~ bhI cala par3I, jinakA saMgraha kucha svatantra granthoM meM prakAzita bhI haa| isake maukhika samAdhAna hetu jaba sampAdakoM ne tADapatrIya pratiyoM ke pATha kI sUkSmatA se jA~ca karAyI taba patA calA ki vahA~ kI donoM bhinna pratiyoM meM hamArA sujhAyA gayA saMjada pada vidyamAna hai| isase do bAteM spaSTa haIM-eka to yaha ki sampAdakoM ne jo pATha-saMzodhana kiyA hai, vaha gambhIra cintana aura samajhadArI para AdhArita hai| aura dUsarI yaha ki mUla pratiyoM se pATha milAna kI AvazyakatA aba bhI bano huI hai, kyoMki jo pAThAntara mUDabidrI se prApta hue the aura tRtIya bhAga ke anta meM samAviSTa kiye gaye the unameM yaha saMzodhana nahIM milA / ' : 1. (a) SaTkhaNDAgama-parizIlana-paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, pradhAnasampAdakIya (ba) paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha khaNDa 5 SaTkhaNDAgama meM saMjada pada para vimarza--pR0 18 /

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80 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mere uparyukta lekhana kA tAtparya kisI kI bhAvanAoM ko Thesa pahu~cAnA nahIM hai kintu mUlagranthoM ke sAtha aisI cher3a-chAr3a karane ke lie zvetAmbara, digambara, yApanIya - sabhI samAnarUpa se doSI haiM / jahA~ zvetAmbaroM ne apane hI pUrva avibhakta paramparA ke AgamoM se aisI cher3a-chAr3a kI, vahA~ yApanIyoM ne zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM se aura digambaroM ne yApanIya paramparA ke granthoM se aisI hI cher3a-chAr3a kI / niSkarSa yaha hai ki isa prakAra kI cher3a-chAr3a prAcIna kAla se lekara vartamAna kAla taka hotI rahI hai / koI bhI paramparA isa saMdarbha meM pUrNa nirdoSa nahIM kahI jA sakatI / ataH kisI bhI paramparA kA adhyayana karate samaya yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama una prakSipta athavA parivardhita aMzoM para niSpakSa dRSTi se vicAra kareM, kyoMki isa cher3a chAr3a meM kahIM kucha aisA avazya raha jAtA hai, jisase yathArthatA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai / parivardhanoM aura parivartanoM ke bAvajUda bhI zvetAmbaroM AgamoM kI eka vizeSatA hai, vaha yaha ki ve saba bAteM bhI jinakA unakI paramparA se spaSTa virodha hai, unameM yathAvat rUpa meM surakSita haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki zvetAmbara Agama jaina dharma ke prAcIna svarUpa kI jAnakArI dene meM Aja bhI pUrNatayA sakSama hai / AvazyakatA hai niSpakSa bhAva se unake adhyayana kii| kyoMki unameM bahuta kucha aisA mila jAtA hai, jisameM jainadharma ke vikAsa aura usameM Aye parivartanoM ko samajhA jA sakatA hai / yahI bAta kisI sImA taka yApanIya aura digambara granthoM ke sandarbha meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai, yadyapi zvetAmbara sAhitya kI apekSA vaha alpa hI hai / prakSepa aura pariSkAra ke bAda bhI samagra jaina sAhitya meM bahuta kucha aisA hai, jo satya ko prastuta karatA hai, kintu zarta yahI hai ki usakA adhyayana aitihAsika aura sampradAyanirapekSa dRSTi se ho; tabhI hama satya ko samajha sakeMge / isa sandarbha meM paM0 nAthUrAma jo premI, pro0 ena0ena0 upAdhye, DA0 hIrAlAla jI jaina, paM0 sukhalAla jI, paM0 becaradAsa jI, paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavANiyA ne jo taTastha dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA thA vaha Aja bhI hamArA mArgadarzana bana sakatA hai / agrima pRSToM meM hama unhIM vidvAnoM kI taTastha dRSTi ke AdhAra para yApanIya sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana karane kA prayatna kareMge / (sa) paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI abhinandana grantha, pariziSTa 'saMjada' pATha ke sambandha meM paM0 AcArya zAntisAgara jI kA antima abhimata pR0 574-576 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 81 kisI anya ko yApanIya mAnane kA AdhAra isa carcA ke sandarbha meM yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai ki kisI kRti ko yApanIya mAnane kA AdhAra kyA honA cAhie ?-DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne zvetAmbara athavA digambara paramparA kI pracalita mAnyatAoM se matabheda rakhane vAle sabhI granthoM ko yApanIya paramparA se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yadyapi unhoMne kasAyapAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama jaise yApanIya grantha chor3a bhI diye haiM kintu merI dRSTi meM mAtra yahI AdhAra ucita nahIM hai kyoMki zvetAmbara aura acelaka-donoM hI paramparAoM ke avAntara saMghoM, gaNoM yA gacchoM meM bhI na kevala AcAra ke sAmAnya praznoM ko lekara, apitu jJAnamImAMsA, tattva-mImAMsA, karma-siddhAnta aura sRSTi-mImAMsA kI sUkSma vivecanAoM ke sambandha meM aneka avAntara matabheda dekhe jAte haiM, mAtra yahI nahIM, eka hI grantha meM do bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAoM ke nirdeza bhI prApta hote haiN| ataH mAtra isI AdhAra para ki usa grantha kI mAnyatAeM pracalita zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA se bhinna haiM, use yApanoya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / kyoMki zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM bhI aneka avAntara matabheda rahe haiM, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM siddhasena aura jinabhadra kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke kramabhAva yA yogapadya ko lekara matabheda rakhate haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM bhI digambara paramparA ke hI aneka avAntara matabhedoM kI vistRta carcA hai| kasAyapAhaDapatta aura usakI caNi meM bhI aise matabheda dekhe jAte haiN| ataH pracalita mAnyatAoM se matabheda mAtra kisI grantha ke yApanIya hone kA AdhAra nahIM hai| merI dRSTi meM kisI grantha ko yApanIya mAnane ke lie nimna bAtoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai (1) kyA usa grantha meM acelatA para bala dete hue bhI stro-mukti aura kevalI-bhukti ke nirdeza upalabdha haiM ? (2) kyA vaha grantha strI ke chedopasthApanoya cAritra arthAt mahAvatAropaNa kA samarthana karatA hai ? (3) kyA usa grantha meM gRhastha athavA anya paramparA ke bhikSu Adi ke muktigamana kA ullekha hai ? (4) kyA usa grantha meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya aMgAdi AgamoM ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura apane mata ke samarthana meM unake uddharaNa diye gaye haiM ? 6

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82 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (5) kyA granthakAra zvetAmbara AgamoM meM upalabdha mahAvIra ke garbhApahAra, vivAha, Adi tathyoM kA ullekha karatA hai? (6) kyA granthakAra ne apane gaNa anvayAdi kA ullekha kiyA hai aura ve gaNa kyA yApanIyoM Adi se sambandhita haiM ? (7) kyA usa grantha kA sambandha una AcAryoM se hai, jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya ke pUrvaja rahe haiM ? (8) kyA grantha meM aisA koI viziSTa ullekha hai, jisake AdhAra para use yApanIya paramparA se sambandhita mAnA jA sake ? (9) kyA usa grantha meM kSullaka ko gRhastha na mAnakara apavAda liMgadhArI muni kahA gayA hai ? (10) kyA usa grantha meM rugNa yA vRddha muni ko pAtrAdi meM AhAra lAkara dene kA ullekha hai ? / yApanIya AcAryoM dvArA racita Agamika sAhitya ___ yApanIyoM ne na kevala paramparAgata Agama sAhitya ko svIkAra kiyA, apitu svayaM bhI jainadharma ke vividha pakSoM para vipula mAtrA meM sAhitya kA sajana kiyA / Aja digambara paramparA meM Agama rUpa meM mAnya, jo sAhitya hai, usameM adhikAMza to yApanIya paramparA dvArA hI sajita hai| SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra jaise mahattvapUrNa zaurasenI Agamika grantha yApanIya AcAryoM kI hI kRtiyA~ haiN| hama agrima pRSThoM para sarvaprathama yApanIya Agamika sAhitya para vicAra kreNge| usake bAda yApanIya kathA-sAhitya evaM anya lAkSaNika granthoM kI carcA kreNge| kasAyapAhuDa sutta __ acela paramparA aura zaurasenI Agamika sAhitya meM prAcInatama grantha ke rUpa meM kasAyapAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama ko rakhA jA sakatA hai / inameM bhI kasAyapAhuDa apekSAkRta prAcIna aura pUrvavartI mAnA jAtA hai / kasAyapAhaDa ke kartA kauna haiM ? isakA spaSTa ullekha kasAyapAhuDa meM nahIM hai| kasAyapAhuDa para yativRSabha kI cUrNI upalabdha hai kintu cUNisUtroM meM bhI usake kartA kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kasAyapAhuDa ke kartA ke rUpa meM guNadhara kA aura cUrNikAra ke rUpa meM yativRSabha kA ullekha sarvaprathama jayadhavalAkAra ne kiyA hai| AcArya guNadhara kauna the aura kisa paramparA ke the isakI sUcanA hameM na to prAcIna zvetAmbara Agamika sthavirAvaliyoM se aura na hI digambara paTTAvaliyoM se prApta hotI hai| jaya

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yApanIya sAhitya : 83 dhavalA meM bhI mAtra yahI kahA gayA hai ki AcArya paramparA se AtI huI ye sUtragAthAe~ Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI ko prApta huIM, punaH una donoM ke pAda-mUla meM baiThakara guNadhara AcArya ke mukha kamala se nikalI huyI una 180 gAthAoM ke artha ko samyak prakAra se zravaNa kara yativRSabha bhaTTAraka ne pravacana vAtsalya ke lie cUrNisUtroM kI racanA kI / isa kathana se itanA to avazya phalita hotA hai ki guNadhara ko yaha kRti Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI ke mAdhyama se hI paravartI AcAryoM ko prApta huI hai / Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI kA ullekha digambara paramparA kI kisI bhI prAcIna paTTAvalI meM upalabdha nahIM hotA jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke nandIsUtra ke vAcaka vaMza kI sthavirAvalI meM Arya maMkSu ko zrutasAgara kA pAraMgata aura nAgahastI ko vyAkaraNa arthAt praznavyAkaraNa, karaNabhaMgI arthAt piNDazuddhi ke jJAtA hone ke sAtha-sAtha karmaprakRti kA pradhAna rUpa se jJAtA bhI kahA gayA hai / inheM Arya nandila kA paravartI mAnA jAtA hai / nAgahastI Arya maMkSu ke praziSya the athavA paramparA - ziSya the, yaha vivAdAspada hai / jJAtavya hai ki nandIsUtra evaM mAthurIvAcanA kI sthavirAvalI" meM Arya kSu (maMga) Arya nandila aura Arya nAgahastI (nAgahatthi) ke ullekha haiM; usake anusAra nAgahastI Arya maMkSu ke praziSya pratIta hote haiM-- kyoMki usameM Arya maMkSu ke pazcAt Arya nandila aura usake pazcAt Arya nAgahastI kA ullekha hai / kintu anya paTTAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para ve Arya maMkSu ke 1. guNahara - vayaNa - viNiggaya gAhANattho'vahAriyo / savvo jeNajjamaMkhuNa so saNAgahatthI varaM deU / jayadhavalA ( maMgalAcaraNa) 7 jo ajjama khusIsa aMtevAsI vi NAgahatthissa / so vittisuttakattA jaivasaho me varaM deU // 3. bhaNagaM karagaM jharagaM pabhAvagaM NANa-daMsaNa guNANaM / vaMdAmi ajjamaMgu suyasAgarapAraMga dhIraM // 4. vaDDhau vAyagavaMso jasavaMso ajjaNAgahatthINaM / vAgaraNa - karaNabhaMgiya-kammappayaDIpahANANaM 11 vahI (maMgalAcaraNa ) 8 dekheM - paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha ( kalyANavijaya ) pu0 46 / ( nandI sUtra ) 28 vahI 30 www.jamnelibrary.org

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84 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya paramparA ziSya pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki donoM ke bIca sAta anya AcAryoM kA ullekha huA hai|' kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI makSa (maMga) kA ullekha nahIM karatI hai usameM mAtra nAgahastI kA nAma hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya ho sakatA hai kintu itanA sunizcita hai ki Arya nAgahastI 'karma kRti' ke vizeSa jJAtA the aura unake mAdhyama se hI 'karma prakRti' ke adhyayana ko paramparA Age bar3hI / Arya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahastI kA samaya zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM tathA mathurA ke abhilekha ke anusAra IsA ko prayama zatAbdI kA anta aura dvitIya zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha nizcita hotA hai| matharA ke haviSkakAlIna abhilekhoM meM bhI Arya nandila, nandika aura AryahastI ke ullekha milate haiN| isI prakAra mathurA ke eka abhilekha meM Arya maMkSu kA bhI ullekha hai, isameM inheM koTTiyagaNa, vairA zAkhA aura ThAnIya kula kA batAyA gayA hai| ina sabakA ullekha kalpasUtra paTTAvalo meM bhI hai / vastutaH usameM kula ko bAniya kahA gayA hai| ataH kalpasUtra aura nandosUtra meM ullikhita Arya maMkSu aura abhilekha meM ullekhita Arya maMkSu eka hI haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki kasAyapAhuDa sutta kA sambandha isI paramparA se thaa| kalpasatra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra isa vajrI (vairA) zAkhA meM zivabhUti aura AryakRSNa hue| AryakRSNa (ajjakaNha) kA ullekha bhI mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM hai| Avazyaka mUlabhASya meM inhIM Arya kRSNa ke ziSya zivabhUti se boTika paramparA kA udbhava batAyA gayA hai| yahI boTika paramparA Age calakara yApanIya kahalAyo / kasAyapAhuDa isI boTika yA yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai / yadyapi yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki AcArya guNadhara Arya maMkSu ke pUrva hue the kintu digambara paramparA meM gaNadhara nAmaka kisI AcArya kA astitva hI vivAdAspada hai / kyoMki unake sambandha meM dasavIM zatI ke jayadhavalA ke isa ullekha ke atirikta anya koI bhI sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai| vaise jayadhavalA meM jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki gaNadhara ke mukhakamala se nikalI ye gAthAe~ Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI ke dvArA avadhAraNa kI gii| isase phalita hotA hai ki vastutaH mala meM gaNadhara (gaNahara) hI hogA aura Age calakara bhrAntivaza use guNadhara mAna 1. dekheM-paTTAvalI parAgasaMgraha pR0 47 / 2. dekheM-vahI, pR0 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 41 4. vahI, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 54

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yApanIya sAhitya : 85 liyA gayA hogaa| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM khaNDilagaccha kI paTTAvalI meM Arya kAlaka (dvitIya) ke guru ke rUpa meM guNandhara kA ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra pallIvAlagacchIya paTTAvalI meM devaddhigaNI ke samakAlIna somadeva ke ziSya guNandhara kA ullekha hai kintu isa paTTAvalI kI prAmANikatA asaMdigdha nahIM hai| punaH ye guNandhara paryApta paravartI haiN| ataH yadi guNandhara nAmaka koI AcArya hue haiM, to ve usI paramparA ke pUrvAcArya haiM, jisase Arya maMA, Arya nandila, Arya nAgahastI aura Arya kAlaka hae haiN| ina saba vivAdoM se bhI pare yaha to nirvivAda hai ki yaha siddhAnta grantha Arya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahastI ko prApta thA / Arya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahastI spaSTa rUpa se AryakRSNa aura zivabhUti jinake samaya meM sacela aura acela (boTika-yApanIya) paramparA kA vibhAjana huA, ke lagabhaga samakAlika hoMge kyoMki mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM AryamaMkSu, Aryahasti aura AryakRSNa ke ullekha haiN| abhilekhIya evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para itanA nizcita hai ki ye sabhI IsvI san kI prathama evaM dvitIya zatAbdI meM hue haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM koI bhI zaurasenI prAkRta kI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| ataH kasAyapAhuDa ke vartamAna svarUpa ko zvetAmbara paramparA kI racanA to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, jaisA ki kalyANa vijaya jI ne mAnA hai| vastutaH prastuta grantha Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI kI usa avibhakta paramparA meM nirmita huA hai, jisakA uttarA. dhikAra samAna rUpa se yApanIyoM ko bhI prApta haA thaa| sambhAvanA yahI hai ki Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI se adhyayana karake yativRSabha ne hI ise zaurasenI prAkRta kA vartamAna svarUpa pradAna kara cUrNisUtra kI racanA kI ho| prAcIna paramparA meM kammapayaDI Adi karma sAhitya ke grantha the, jinake viziSTa jJAtA nAgahastI the| inhIM granthoM ke AdhAra para kasAyapAhuDasutta kI racanA huii| yadi kasAyapAhuDasutta Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI ke mAdhyama se punarjIvita huA to yaha kevala yApanIya paramparA ko hI uttarAdhikAra meM prApta ho sakatA hai, kyoMki Arya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahastI yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja haiM, digambaroM ke nhiiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke grantha sittarI cUrNi meM kasAyapAhuDa kA spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza milatA hai-jaise ... 1. dekheM-paTTAvalI parAgasaMgraha pR0 245

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86 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (a) taM veyaMto bitiya kiTTIo taiya kiTTIo ya daliyaM dhettaNaM suhamasAMparAiya kiTTIo karei tisiM lakkhaNaM jahA kasAyapAhuDe / (ba) ettha apuvakaraNa aNiyaTTi addhAsuaNagAi vattavvagAI jahA kasAyapAhuDe, kammapagaDi saMgahaNIe vA tahA vattavvaM / sittarI patra 62 / 2 ukta uddharaNoM se yaha to nizcita ho siddha ho jAtA hai ki sittarI cUrNikAra kasAyapAhuDa se paricita haiM aura ve use apanI hI paramparA ke grantha ke rUpa meM uddhRta karate haiN| punaH candrarSi mahattara ne paJcasaMgraha meM nimna pA~ca granthoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai-1. zataka (sataka) 2. saptatikA (sattarI) 3. kaSAyaprAbhUta (kasAyapAhuDa) 4. satkarma aura 5. karmaprakRti (kmmpyddii)| malayagiri ne apanI TIkA meM kaSAyaprAbhRta ko chor3akara zeSa cAra kA pramANa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| ataH zvetAmbara paramparA meM 12-13 vIM zatI meM kasAyapAhuDa upalabdha nahIM thaa| Aja sataka, sattarI aura kammapayaDI upalabdha hai, satkarma upalabdha nahIM hai| merI dRSTi meM satkarma bhI SaTkhaNDAgama ke satprarUpaNa kA hI koI prAcIna rUpa hogA, jisake racayitA puSpadaMta kahe jAte haiN| isa carcA kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki kasAyapAhuDa bhI AgamoM kI taraha usa vibhakta paramparA kA grantha hai, jise yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM hI mAnya karate the| hamane AgamoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM dekhA thA ki AgamoM kA zaurasenIkaraNa yApanIya paramparA kA vaiziSTya rahA hai| isI prakAra kasAyapAhuDa kA zaurasenIkaraNa bhI yApanIya paramparA kI hI dena hai| jisa prakAra yApanIyoM ke Agama-AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, kalpasUtra Adi zvetAmbara AgamoM se bhinna to nahIM the, kintu kvacit pAThabheda aura zauraseno prAkRta ke prabhAva se yukta the| usI prakAra kasAyapAhuDa bhI yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM meM vaho rahA hai-mAtra kvacit pAThabheda aura zaurasenI prAkRta ke prabhAva kA antara ho sakatA hai / kintu na to Aja yApanIya paramparA ke Agama upalabdha haiM aura na zvetAmbara paramparA kA kasAyapAhuDa hI / ataH donoM ko samAnatA aura antara kA pUrI taraha adhyayana kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| uparyukta vivecana se kaSAyaprAbhRta (kasAyapAhuDa) ke sambandha meM jo niSkarSa nikAle jA sakate haiM, ve nimna haiM (1) prAcIna digambara paTTAvaliyoM meM guNadhara, AryamaMkSu aura nAga

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yApanIya sAhitya : 87 hasti kA jo ki isake kartA yA praNetA mAne jAte haiM, ullekha nahIM hone se aura zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM meM inakA ullekha hone se yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha mUlataH digambara paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai| 2. kalpasUtra, nandIsUtra Adi meM tathA mathurA ke zilAlekhoM meM AryamaMkSu aura Arya nAgahasti kA ullekha hone se evaM Arya nAgahasti ko karmazAstra kA jJAtA kahe jAne se yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha grantha usa paraMparA meM nirmita huA hai, jo zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja thii| 3. yApanoyoM ko yaha grantha pUrva paramparA se uttarAdhikAra meM milA hai, kyoMki itanA nizcita hai ki AryamA aura Arya nAgahasti na to digambara AcArya haiM aura na yApanIya hii| yadyapi itanA bhI nizcita hai ki ve zvetAmbaroM ke samAna yApanIyoM ke bhI pUrvaja haiN| ataH yaha grantha yApanIya paramparA meM nirmita na hokara bhI yApanIyoM ko uttarAdhikAra meM milA hai| 4. ho sakatA hai ki isa para cUrNisUtroM ke raciyatA yativRSabha yApanIya hoM, kyoMki yApanIyoM meM apane nAma ke Age yati zabda lagAne kI pravRti rahI hai, jaise-yatigrAmAgraNI bhadanta zAkaTAyana / 5. digambara paramparA ko yaha graMtha yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se prApta huA hai| jaise unhoMne yApanIya grantha mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi ko apanA liyA, usI taraha se ise bhI apanA liyA hai| 6. zvetAmbara karma-sAhitya meM isakA spaSTa nirdeza hone se, apane pUrvAcAryoM kI yaha kRti zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI mAnya rahI hai| ho sakatA hai ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbara meM mAnya isa grantha meM kvacit pAThabheda aura bhASA-bheda ho| 7. 'kasAyapAhuDa' kA pratipAdya viSaya darzanamoha aura cAritramoha kI. karma prakRtiyoM kI sthiti, bandha, udaya, kSaya Adi kI carcA hai| sAmAnyatayA isa carcA meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para grantha ke sampradAya vizeSa kA nizcaya ho sake; phira bhI vibhinna guNasthAnoM meM mohanIya karma kI prakRtiyoM ke bandha, udaya, kSaya Adi kI carcA karate hae usameM spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki strI veda se zreNI car3hatA huA jIva apagatavedI hokara caturdaza guNasthAna taka AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA hai| nizcaya hI liMga to dravyacihna hotA hai, bandhana aura mukti kA mUla AdhAra to bhAva hI hotA hai aura veda (kAma vAsanA) kA sambandha

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88 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya bhAva se hai| yadi granthakAra strI, puruSa, napusaka veda arthAt tatsambandhI kAma vAsanA kI upasthiti meM bhI dasaveM guNasthAna taka AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambhava mAnatA hai, to use strI mukti ko svIkAra karane meM koI Apatti nahIM ho sakatI hai| yaha kahanA kitanA ayuktisaMgata aura adhyAtmavAda ke viparIta hogA ki jIva strI liMga (stro zarIra) se yukta hone para to pA~caveM gaNasthAna se Age AdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM kara sakatA kintu strIveda (strI sambandhI kAmavAsanA ke) hote hue vaha dasaveM guNasthAna taka AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara sakatA hai| yadi 'kasAyapAhuDa' ke kartA yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki strIveda kI upasthiti meM dasaveM guNasthAna taka AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambhava hai to ve strImukti kA niSedha nahIM kara skte| mAtra yahI nahIM kasAyapAhaDakAra yaha bhI mAnatA hai ki napuMsaka, strI aura puruSa apagatavedI hokara caturdaza guNasthAna taka apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karate haiN| kasAyapAhuDa kI mUla gAthAoM meM strIvedI, puruSavedI aura napuMsakavedI zabdoM kA prayoga na karake apagatavedI strI, puruSa, napaMsaka aisA prayoga haA hai jabaki hindI artha karate hae digambara vidvAnoM ne sarvatra 'veda' zabda kI yojanA kara dI hai| yadi graMthakAra ko strImukti-niSedha iSTa hotA to vaha mUla gAthAoM meM bhI 'veda' zabda kI yojanA karatA' / vastutaH kasAyapAhuDa meM racanA ke samaya taka strImukti kA prazna upasthita hI nahIM huA thaa| sAtavIM zatI ke pUrva isa vivAda kI upasthiti kA donoM paramparAoM meM koI saMketa nahIM milA hai / 8. kasAyapAhuDa ke cUrNisUtroM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki Arya guNandhara, AryamaMkSu aura Arya nAgahasti ne kasAyapAhuDa kA jisa rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA thA, usase aneka sthAnoM para cUNikAra yativRSabha aura jayadhavalATIkAkAra matabheda rakhate the| udAharaNArtha graMtha ke arthAdhikAroM kA mUlagranthakAra kA vargIkaraNa cUNisUtra ke kartA yativRSabha evaM jayadhavalAkAra ke vargIkaraNa se bhinna hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki mUla granthakAra, cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra kI paramparAyeM eka nahIM haiN| jahA~ mUla granyakAra zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja uttara bhArata kI avibhakta nigranthadhArA ke pratinidhi haiM vahA~ cUrNikAra yApanIya aura TIkAkAra digambara haiN| cUrNikAra ko yApanIya mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai 1. dekheM kasAyapAhuDa gAthA 8-45, 50, 51, 52 aura unake artha / 2. kasAyapAhuDa bhUmikA pR0 14-15 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 89 ki yApanIya ho avibhakta uttara bhAratIya Agamika sAhitya ke uttarAdhikArI rahe haiM / 9. kasA pAhuDa ke vyaJjanAdhikAra meM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke jina 52 paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha hai, unameM adhikAMza ve hI haiM jinakA ullekha bhagavatI sUtra ke bArahaveM zataka meM tathA samavAyAMga ke 52 veM samavAya meM huA hai / bhagavatI meM kahIM-kahIM krama aura saMkhyA kI dRSTi se antara avazya hai kintu samavAyAMga meM saMkhyA aura nAma kI samAnatA hai / nAmoM meM bhI kucha zabdabheda hai, arthabheda nahIM hai / tulanA ke lie dekhie koho ya kova roso ya akkhama saMjalaNa- kalaha vaDUDhI ya / jhaMjhA dosa vivAdo dasa koyaTTiyA hoMti // 86 // mANa mada dappa thaMbho ukkAsa pagAsa tadhasamukkasso / attukkariso paribhava ussida dasalakkhaNo mANo // 87 // mAyA ya sAdijoge NiyadI viya vacaNA aNujjugadA / gahaNaM maNuNNamaggaNa kakka kuhaka guNacchaNNo // 88 // kAmo rAga NidANo chaMdo ya sudo ya pejja doso ya / hANurAga AsA icchA mucchA ya giddhI ya // 89 // | sAsada patthaNa lAlasa aviradi taNhA ya vijja jibbhA / lobhassa NAmadhejjA bosaM egaTTiyA bhaNidA ( 5 ) ||10|| kasA pAhuDa suttagAthA 86-90 1. mohaNijjassa NaM kammassa bAvannaM nAmadhejjA paNNattA, taM jahA - kohe kove rose dose akhamA saMjalaNe kalahe caMDikke bhaMDaNe vivAe / mANe made dappe thaMbhe attukkose gavve paraparivAe ukkose avakkose unnae unnAme | mAyA uvahI niyaDI balae gahaNe NUme kakke kurue daMbhe kUDe jimhe kabbisie aNAyaraNayA gUhaNayA vaMcaNayA paliku caNayA sAtijoge / lobhe icchA mucchA kaMkhA gehI tinhA bhijjA abhijjA kAmAsA bhogAsA jIviyAsA maraNAsA naMdI rAge // samavAyAMga, samavAya 52 isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki kasAyapAhuDa uttara bhArata kI avibhakta nirgrantha paramparA kA grantha hai, jo zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ko samAna rUpa se uttarAdhikAra meM prApta huA thA /

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90 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya SaTkhaNDAgama SaTkhaNDAgama zaurasenI prAkRta meM racita jaina karmasiddhAnta kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isameM karmaprakRtiyoM kA aura unake udaya, udIraNa, sattA, saMkramaNa Adi kA vivecana guNasthAna siddhAnta ko kendrIbhUta mAnakara kiyA gayA hai / isake racayitA puSpadanta aura bhUtabali mAne jAte haiN| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne AcArya dharasena se 'mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta' kA adhyayana karake usake AdhAra para SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kii| dharasena, unako paramparA aura kAla sarvaprathama yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki ye dharasena kisa paramparA ke the aura kaba hue ? kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM se hameM dharasena ke sambandha meM koI bhI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotii| digambara paraMparA meM tiloyapaNNatti', harivaMza purANa, dhavalA Adi meM pUrvajJAna aura aMgajJAna ke vIranirvANa saM0 683 taka ke vicchedakrama ko sUcita karate hue unameM jJAna ke dhAraka AcAryoM kI, jo paramparA prastuta kI gaI hai, usameM dharasena kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hai| kintu dhavalA meM itanA avazya kahA gayA hai ki isa prakAra zruta ke uttarottara kSINa honepara aMgoM evaM pUrvo kA ekadeza jJAna AcArya paramparA se AtA huA dharasenAcArya ko prApta huaa| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki lohArya aura dharasenAcArya ke bIca kI AcAryaparamparA dhavalAkAra ko bhI jJAta nahIM thii| sambhavataH ina donoM ke bIca kAla kA adhika antarAlaM rahA hogA athavA usa paramparA se dharasena kA koI sIdhA sambandha nahIM rahA hogaa| dhavalA ke atirikta dharasena kA ullekha nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI tathA indranandi ke zrutAvatAra meM bhI milatA hai / hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki Aja acela paramparA ke pAsa 1. tiloyapaNNatti 4 / 1476-1492 2. harivaMzapurANa (punnATasaMghIya jinasenakRta) sarga 66 / 22-24 3. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA samanvita, khaNDa 1 bhAga 1 pustaka pR0 67:68 4. (a) savvesimaMgapuvvANamegadeso Airiya paraMparAe AgacchamANo dharaseNA iriyaM saMpatto-vahI, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, pR0 64 (ba) vahI khaNDa 4 bhAga 1 pustaka 9 pR0 81-82 . 5. SaTkhaNDAgama dhabalA TIkA samanvita, khaNDa 1 - bhAga 1 pustaka kI prastAvanA (pro0 hIrAlAla jaina) pR0 21-22 para uddhRta / 6. zrutAvatAra 151

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yApanIya sAhitya : 91 kI koI bhI prAcInatama paTTAvalI IsA kI 8vIM-9vIM zatI ke pUrva racita nahIM hai / ve vIranirvANa ke lagabhaga teraha sau varSa pazcAt jisa AcArya paramparA ko prastuta kara rahI haiM usameM kalpanA kA kitanA mizraNa haikaha pAnA kaThina hai| nandIsaMgha kI yaha prAkRta paTTAvalI bhI kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM, jo ki IsA pUrvaprathama dvitIya zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka parivardhita huI haiM aura mathurA ke abhilekhoM se pramANita bhI hai, kI apekSA paryApta paravartI hai / isakI mUla prati upalabdha na hone se isakI prAmANikatA bhI sandehAspada bana jAtI hai| Azcarya hai ki eka bAra jaina siddhAnta bhAskara meM chapane ke bAda kisI digambara vidvAn ko bhI isakI mUlaprati dekhane ko upalabdha nahIM ho skii| jJAtavya hai ki harivaMza' meM vIra nirvANa 683 taka hae pUrvajJAna aura aMgajJAna ke dhAraka AcAryoM kI saMkhyA aura varSa diye gaye, kintu AcArAMga ke dhAraka AcAryoM ko chor3a kara anya kisI ke nAma nahIM diye gaye haiN| isa ullekha ke pazcAt jinasena ne apanI guru paramparA kI paTTAvalI prastuta kI hai| isameM vinayadhara se lekara kItisena taka 31 AcAryoM ke nAma haiN| ina nAmoM meM 14veM krama para nAgahasti aura 18veM krama para zrI dharasena ke nAma haiM kintu inakA kAla, pratyeka AcArya kA ausata kAla 20 varSa mAnane para bhI, kramazaH 683 + 280 = 963 aura 683 + 360 = 1043 AtA hai, jo prAmANika nahIM lagatA hai, ataH ye nAgahasti aura dharasena anya hI haiN| jahA~ taka indranandi ke zrutAvatAra kA prazna hai vaha lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA grantha hai ataH use bhI bahuta adhika prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yadyapi navIM zatAbdI ke graMtha dhavalA meM dharasena kA ullekha to hai kintu vaha bhI unakI paramparA ke sambandha meM koI nirdeza nahIM karatI hai| zrutAvatAra meM indranandi ne to spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki guNadhara (kaSAyapAhuDa ke pravaktA) aura dharasena (mahAkarmaprakRti ke pravaktA) ke anvaya, guru-paramparA aura paurvApayaM kA kathana karane vAle AgamoM (granthoM) aura munijanoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa hameM isa sambandha meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai| zrutAvatAra kA 'tadanvayakathakAgamamunijanAbhAvata'-yaha pada isa sambandha meM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| usameM indranandi dvArA 'tad' zabda kA, jo prayoga kiyA gayA hai, vaha spaSTa rUpa se yaha sUcita karatA hai ki indra1. harivaMza (jinasena) 66 / 25-33 2. guNadharasenAnvayagurvoH pUrvAparakramo'smAbhiH / na jJAyate tadanvayakathakAgamamunijanAbhAvAt // -zrutAvatAra 151

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92 : jainadharma kA yApanoya sampradAya nandi ko paramparA aura guNadhara tathA dharasena ko paramparAyeM eka na hokara bhinna-bhinna haiN| yadi indranandi ko mUlasaMghIya paramparA kA mAnA jAya to spaSTa hai ki dharasena kI paramparA usase bhinna rahI / mAtra yahI nahIM isa kathana se yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki indranandi ke samakSa usa paramparA ke na to Agama grantha hI the aura na munijana hii| yaha spaSTa hai ki indranandi ke samaya meM arthAt gyArahavIM zatI meM yApanIya paramparA ke Agama aura munijana donoM hI viluptaprAyaH ho rahe the| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki usa kAla taka aneka yApanIya grantha mUlasaMghIya AcAryoM dvArA katipaya parivardhana aura saMzodhana kara AtmasAt kara liye gaye the| aisI sthiti meM anuzruti se Arya guNadhara, Arya maMkSu, Arya nandi, Arya nAgahasti aura dharasena Adi ke nAma to digambara paramparA meM avaziSTa raha gaye kintu unake gaNaparamparA Adi ke sambandha meM koI jAnakArI avaziSTa nahIM raha sakI / isase itanA to nizcita hai ki dharasena mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA se 'bhinna kisI anya paramparA ke AcArya rahe haiN| tiloyapaNNatti, harivaMza purANa aura abhilekhIya-paTTAvalI (abhilekha kramAMka 1 aura 105) meM dharasena kA nAmollekha na honA bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai ki yA to ve kisI bhinna paramparA ke the yA phira inameM sUcita AcAryoM se paryApta paravartI haiN| yadi kucha samaya ke lie nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ko pramANa mAna leM, to usase yaha siddha hotA hai ki dharasena vIra nirvANa saMvata 633 meM divaMgata hue| usameM unakA AcArya kAla 19 varSa mAnA gayA hai, ataH ve vIra nirvANa saMvat 614 meM AcArya hue| yadi ve apano Ayu ke 50veM varSa meM AcArya hue hoM to yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki lagabhaga usake 30 varSa pUrva ve dIkSita hue hoNge| ataH unakI dIkSA kA samaya vIra ' nirvANa saMvat 584 ke Asa-pAsa ho sakatA hai| ataHdharasena saMgha bheda kI ghaTanA ke, jo vIra nirvANa saMvat 609 meM ghaTita huI thI, pUrva hI dokSita ho cuke the| niSkarSa yaha hai ki ve saMgha bheda ko ghaTanA ke pUrva avibhakta uttara bhAratIya nirgrantha paramparA ke kisI gaNa ke AcArya rahe hoNge| yadyapi yaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai ki ve saMgha-bheda ke samaya acela paramparA ke pakSadhara rahe hoM, kintu itanA sunizcita hai ki ve dakSiNa bhAratIya nirgrantha 1. dekhe SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA samanvita khaNDa 1 bhAga 1 pustaka 1 kI prastAvanA (pro0 hIrAlAla jaina) pR0 26

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yApanoya sAhitya : 93 saMgha, jo Age calakara mUlasaMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huA, se sambaddha nahIM the| saMbhavataH isI kAraNa digambara paTTAvaliyA~ unakA ullekha nahIM karatIM / yadi ve paravartI kAla ke haiM to adhika se adhika hama unheM uttara bhArata meM vibhAjita haI acela paramparA, jo ki Age calakara yApanIya nAma se vikasita huI, se sambaddha mAna sakate haiN| saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki unhoMne mahArASTra, uttara karNATaka aura Andhra pradeza meM vicaraNa kara rahI uttara bhArata kI acela paramparA, jo yApanIya nAma se prasiddha haI, ke puSpadanta aura bhUtabali nAmaka muniyoM ko karmazAstra kA adhyayana karAyA ho / kyoMki usI paramparA se unakI nikaTatA thii| punaH jisa nandIsaMgha paTTAvalI ko AdhAra banAkara yaha carcA kI jA rahI hai, vaha nandIsaMgha bhI yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha rahA hai| kaNapa ke zaka saMvat 735, IsvI san 812 ke eka abhilekha meM 'zrI yApanIya nandisaMgha punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa' aisA spaSTa ullekha hai| yApanIya aura nandIsaMgha kI isa ekarUpatA aura nandIsaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM dharasena ke ullekha se yahI siddha hotA hai ki dharasena yApanIya saMgha se sambaddha rahe haiN| dharasena ke sandarbha meM jo anya aitihAsika sAkSya upalabdha haiM, unameM do kA ullekha vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai / sarvaprathama AcArya dharasena ko joNipAhuDa (yoniprAbhRta) nAmaka nimitta zAstra ke eka apUrva grantha kA racayitA mAnA jAtA hai| isa graMtha kI eka prati bhANDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTiTyUTa pUnA meM hai| paMDita beyaradAsa jo ne isa prati se jo noTsa likhe the, unake AdhAra para yaha grantha paNNasavana muni ne apane ziSya pUSpadanta aura bhUtabali ke lie likhA thaa| vi0 sa0 1556 meM likhI gayI bRhaTippaNikA meM isa graMtha ko vIra nirvANa ke 600 varSa pazcAt dhArasena (dharasena) dvArA racita mAnA gayA hai / isa graMtha ke ullekha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM pAye jAte haiM, kintu digambara paramparA meM mAtra dhavalA kI TIkA meM isa graMtha ke nAma kA ullekha huA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agamika 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka / 2. (a) SaTkhaNDAgama parizIlana (bAlacandra zAstrI) pR0 20 (ba) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad-itihAsa bhAga 5 pR0 200-202 3. yoniprAbhRtaM vIrAt 600 dhArasenam -bRhaTTippaNikA jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka pariziSTa 1, 2

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94 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya vyAkhyAoM ke kAla arthAt 6ThI zatI se lekara 15-16vIM zatI taka ke aneka AcAryoM ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (IsvI san 6ThIM zatI) kI gAthA 1775 meM 'joNIvihANa' ke rUpa meM isa graMtha kA ullekha hai / ' nizIthacUNi (lagabhaga 7vIM zato) meM AcArya siddhasena dvArA yoniprAbhRta ke AdhAra para azva banAne kA ullekha hai| maladhAragacchIya AcArya hemacandra dvArA racita vizeSAvazyaka bhASya TIkA meM isa grantha ke AdhAra para aneka vijAtIya dravyoM ke sahayoga se sapaM, siMha Adi prANI aura maNi, svarNa Adi padArthoM ko utpanna karane kA ullekha hai| kuvalayamAlA bhI yoniprAbhRta meM ullikhita rAsAyanika prakriyAoM kA ullekha karatI hai| isake anusAra joNopAhuDa meM svarNa siddhi Adi vidyAoM kA ullekha hai| jinezvarasUri ne kathAkoSa-prakaraNa ke 'sundarIdatta kathAnaka meM jinabhASita pUrvagata yAni pAhuDazAstra kA ullekha kiyA hai| prabhAvaka carita (5 / 115-122) meM isa grantha ke AdhAra para machalI aura siMha banAne ke nirdeza dete haiN| kulamaNDanasari dvArA vikrama saMvat 1473 meM racita vicArAmatasaMgraha (pR0 9) meM ullekha hai ki agrAyaNIpUrva se nirgata yAniprAbhRta ke kucha upadezoM kI dezanA ko dharasena dvArA vajita kahA gayA hai| isameM ujjaMtagiri (pazcimo saurASTra ke girinagara) meM isa grantha ke uddhAra 1. iti rukkhAyuvede joNivihANe ya visarisehito |-vishessaavshykbhaassy (Agamodaya samiti) gAthA 1775 / 2. joNipAhuDAtiNA jahA siddhaseNAyarieNa assAe katA / -nizIthacUNi khaNDa 2 pR0 281 3. vizeSAvazyakabhASya (maladhAragacchoya hemacandra kI TIkA sahita) gAthA 1775 kI TIkA / 4. Namo siddhANaM Namo joNIpAhuDasiddhANaM "magavaM savvaNNU jeNa eyaM savvaM joNIpAhuDa bhaNiyaM / kuvalayamAlA (udyotanasUri)-bhAratIya vidyA bhavana pR0 196-97 5. jigabhAsiyapunvagae joNopAhuDasue smuddittheN| eyaMpi saMghakajje kAyavvaM dhiirpurisehiN|| -jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 5 pR0 201

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yApanIya sAhitya : 95 kA bhI ullekha hai / isase dhavalA meM unheM girinAra kI candraguphA meM nivAsa karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai, usa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai / isI grantha ke caturtha khaNDa meM agrAyaNI pUrva ke madhya 28 hajAra gAthAoM meM varNita zAstra ko saMkSepa meM kiye jAne kA bhI ullekha hai / jahA~ digambara paramparA meM mAtra dhavalA meM unake isa grantha kA ullekha hai / vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM chaThI zatAbdI se lekara 15vIM zatAbdI taka aneka granthoM meM unake isa grantha ke nirantara ullekha pAye jAte haiN| isase yaha nizcita hotA hai dharasena aura unakA grantha yoniprAbhUta (joNipAhaDa) zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya rahA hai / ataH ve uttara bhArata kI usI nirgrantha paraMparA se sambaddha hoMge jinake granthoM kA uttarAdhikAra zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ko samAna rUpa se milA hai / yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI inakA aura inake grantha joNIpAhuDa kA ullekha dhavalA meM huA hai| ___ 'joNIpAhuDa' meM usake kartA kA nAma prajJAzramaNa (pannasavaNa) hai| prajJAzramaNa, kSamA-zramaNa yA kSapaNa-zramaNa kI taraha hI eka upAdhi rahI hai jo uttara bhAratIya avibhakta nirgrantha paramparA meM pracalita thii| nandIsUtra (29) meM Aryanandila ko vaMdana karate hue 'pasaNNamaNa' zabda AyA hai-usameM varNa vyatyaya huA hai merI dRSTi meM use 'paNNasamaNaM' honA cAhiye / dhavalA meM prajJAzramaNa ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| tiloyapaNNatti meM prajJA zramaNoM meM vajrayaza (vairajasa) ko antima prajJAzramaNa kahA gayA hai / kalpasUtra ko sthavirAvalI meM Aryavajra aura unake ziSya 1. aggeNipunvaniggayapAhuDasatthassa majjhayArammi / kiMci uddesadesaM gharaseNo vajjiya bhaNai / / giriujjitaThieNa pacchimase suraTugirinayare / buDataM uddhariyaM dUsamakAlappayAvammi / / -vicArAmRtasaMgraha (kulamaNDanasUri) sUrata, pR0 9 2. aTThAvIsasahassA gAhANaM jattha vanniyA satthe / aggeNipujyamajhe saMkhevaM vitthare muttu / / vicArAmRtasaMgraha pR0 9-10 3. Namo paNNAsamaNANaM // 18 // SaTkhaNDAgama ghavalA khaNDa 4 bhAma 1 pustaka 9 pR0 81-82 4. paNNasamaNesu carimo vairajaso nAma ohiNANIsu / carimo siriNAmo sudaviNayasusIlAdisaMpaNNo / tiloyapaNNatti 4.148.

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96 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya Aryavajrasena kA tathA Aryavajra se vajrI zAkhA aura Aryavajrasena se nAgalI zAkhA ke nikalane kA ullekha hai| vajrasena kA kAla vIra nirvANa ke 616 se 619 mAnA gayA hai| ye nAgahasti ke samakAlIna bhI haiN| nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta pAvalI ke anusAra dharasena kA kAla bhI yahI hai| sabase mahattvapUrNa sUcanA yaha hai ki mathurA ke haviSka varSa 48 ke eka abhilekha meM brahmadAsika kUla aura uccanAgarI zAkhA ke 'dhara' kA ullekha hai| lekha ke Age ke akSaroM ke ghisa jAne ke kAraNa par3hA nahIM jA sakA, ho sakatA hai, pUrA nAma 'dharasena' ho| kyoMki kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM zAntisena, vajrasena Adi sena nAmAntaka nAma milate haiN| ataH ise dharasena hone kI sambhAvanA ko nirasta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa kAla meM hameM kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM eka pusagiri kA bhI ullekha milatA hai hI sakatA hai, ye puSpadaMta hoN| isI prakAra nandIsUtra vAcakavaMza sthavirAvalI meM bhUtadinna kA bhI ullekha hai / inakA samIkaraNa bhUtabali se kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha mahattvapUrNa hai ki bhUtadinna usI nAgila zAkhA ke haiM, jo prajJAzramaNa vajrasena se prArambha huI thii| yadyapi isa sandarbha meM abhI adhika pramANoM kI khoja aura gambhIra cintana kI apekSA hai phira bhI yadi dharasena vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue haiM aura ve hI yoniprAbhRta ke kartA haiM to ve mathurA ke ukta abhilekha ke AdhAra para zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM ke hI pUrvaja haiN| isa abhilekha kA kAla aura nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI se diyA gayA dharasena kA kAla samAna hI hai| yoniprAbhUta ke zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya hone se bhI unakA zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja uttara bhAratIya nirgrantha dhArA kA honA hI siddha hotA hai| yadi hama nandisaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI aura mathurA ke pUrvottara abhilekha se alaga haTakara SaTkhaMDAgama kI TIkA dhavalA ke AdhAra para dharasena ke sambandha meM vicAra kareM to hameM unakA kAla I0 san kI dUsarI zatI se nIce utArakara cauthI-pAMcavIM yA chaThI zatAbdI taka lAnA hogA, 1. mahArAjasya huviSkasya sa 408 he 4 di 5 bamadAsiye kula () u (ca)o nAmariya zAkhAyA ghr| -jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 50 pR0 38 2. bhUmahiyayappaganbhe vaMde haM bhUyadiNNamAyarie / -nandIsUtra 39

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yApanIya sAhitya : 97 kyoMki dhavalA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vora nirvANa ke 683 varSa pazcAt sampUrNa AcArAGga ke dhAraka lohArya hue| unake pazcAt jo bhI AcArya hue ve saba aMga aura pUrvo ke eka deza ke dhAraka the arthAt unheM aMga aura pUrvo kA AMzika jJAna ho thaa| aMga aura pUrvo kA yaha AMzika jJAna AcArya paramparA se AtA huA dharasena ko prApta huaa|"" dhavalA kA yaha kathana mahattvapUrNa hai| lohArya aura dharasena ke bIca ke AcAryoM ke saMdarbha meM dhavalAkAra kA yaha ajJAna spaSTa rUpa se yaha batalAtA hai ki kama se kama unake bIca 200 varSa se adhika kA antara rahA hogaa| ataH dharasena vIra nirvANa ke 683 + 00 = 883 varSa pazcAt arthAt I0 san kI caturthaM zatAbdI ke bAda hI hue hogeM / parantu pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI ke anusAra dharasena kA kAla I0 san kI 5-6ThIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa hai| cAhe hama dharasena ko paravartI ho kyoM na svIkAra kareM kintu anya kucha aise pramANa hai, jinake AdhAra para bhI unheM dakSiNa bhAratIya mUlasaMghIya paramparA se sambaddha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| __yaha spaSTa hai ki dharasena ne SaTkhaMDAgama kI racanA nahIM kI thI, unhoMne to mAtra puSpadanta aura bhUtabalI ko mahAkarmaprakRti prAbhUta kA adhyayana karAyA thaa| mahAkarmaprakRti prAbhRta bhI uttara bhArata kI avibhakta nirgrantha paramparA meM hI nirmita huA thaa| nandIsUtra paTTAvalI meM Arya nAgahasti ko karmaprakRti aura vyAkaraNa zAstra kA jJAtA kahA gayA hai| vastutaH yahI karmaprakRtizAstra Age calakara zvetAmbara paramparA meM zivazarma dvArA racita karma prakRti Adi granthoM kA aura yApanIya paramparA meM puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali dvArA racita SaTakhaMDAgama kA AdhAra banA hai| cU~ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM hI isa paramparA ke uttarAdhikArI the ataH yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki donoM paramparAoM meM isa karma prakRti zAstra ke AdhAra para grantha racanAeM huI / ataH dharasena uttara bhAratIya nirgrantha saMgha ke hI AcArya siddha hote haiM / yadi hama dharasena ke vihAra kSetra kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kareM to bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki unhoMne puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko mahAkarmaprakRtizAstra 1. SaTkhaMDAgama-dhavalATIkA khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, pR0 66-68 2. pro0 ema0 e0 hAkI ke aprakAzita lekha 'SaTkhaNDAgama kA racanA kAla" para AdhArita 3. nandIsUtra-sthavirAvalI 30

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98 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kA adhyApana saurASTra deza ke girinagara kI candraguhA meM karAyA thA / saurASTra meM prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja taka zvetAmbara tathA yApanIya tathA yApanIyoM se nikale punnATa aura lAr3abAgar3a gacchoM kA prabhutva rahA hai | ataH kSetra kI dRSTi se bhI dharasena yA to usa avibhakta nirgrantha paramparA ke AcArya haiM jisase zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kA prAdurbhAva huA hai yA phira ve uttara bhAratIya acela yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha rahe haiN| isa prakAra sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM, AdhArabhUta grantha, kSetra tathA kAla sabhI dRSTiyoM se dharasena mUlasaMghIya paramparA se sambaddha na hokara zvetAmbara yA yApanIya paramparA se athavA unakI pUrvaja uttara bhArata kI avibhakta nirgrantha paramparA se hI sambaddha pratIta hote haiN| puSpadanta aura bhUtabali I puSpadanta aura bhUtabali SaTkhaNDAgama ke raciyatA haiM / inake ullekha nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke atirikta kucha anya paTTAvaliyoM aura abhilekhoM meM bhI milate haiM / harivaMzapurANa kI sUcI meM inakA ullekha nahIM hai / prApta ullekhoM meM bhI kAlakrama aura guru-paramparA kI dRSTi se itanI visaMgatiyA~ haiM ki ina donoM ko guru-paramparA kA aura inake kAla kA nirNaya karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM yadyapi puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ke ullekha haiM, kintu unakI guru paramparA aura gaNa Adi ke sambandha meM ve spaSTatayA mona haiM / dharasena to unake vidyAguru hI siddha hote haiM, unake dIkSA guru kauna the, ve kisa paramparA aura anvaya ke the, isa sambandha meM hameM dhavalA, jayadhavalA aura nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI se bhI koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai / bhUtabali aura puSpadanta ko kundakunda kI paramparA se sambaddha batAne ke lie, siddharavasati kA I0 san 1398 kA, jo abhilekha upalabdha hotA hai, vaha bhI itanI adhika visaMgatiyoM se bharA huA hai ki usakI vizvasanIyatA samApta ho jAtI hai / upalabdha digambara paTTAvaliyoM kI mukhya kamI yaha hai ki ve kalpasUtra sthavirAbalI ke samAna avicchinna guru-paramparA kI sUcaka nahIM haiM / unameM guru paramparA yA AcArya paramparA ke sthAna para nandIsUtra kI vAcakavaMza sthavirAvalI ke samAna prasiddha prasiddha AcAryoM ke nAmoM kA saMkalana mAtra hai / isa saMkalana meM bhI vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM meM paraspara asaMgatiyA~ pAyI

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yApanIya sAhitya : 99 jAtI haiN| pUnaH nAmoM ke isa saMkalana meM kAlakrama aura guru-paramparA kA koI dhyAna nahIM rakhA gayA hai / jahA~ abhilekha' meM puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko arhatbali kA sAkSAt ziSya dikhAyA gayA hai vahIM nandIsaMgha paTTAvali meM unake boca mAghanandi aura dharasena kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra ukta abhilekha meM mAghanandi puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ke ziSya nemicandra ke ziSya haiM, vahIM nandIsaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM ve dharasena ke guru haiN| jahA~ eka anya paTTAvalI' meM kundakunda ko mAghanandI kA praziSya aura jinacandra kA ziSya kahA gayA hai, vahIM ukta abhilekha meM mAghanandI ko kundakunda kI ziSya paramparA meM unase 10veM sthAna para batAyA gayA hai / siddharavasati ke 14vIM zatI ke abhilekha me puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kI jo guru paramparA dI hai, usameM to kAlakrama ke viveka kA bhI pUrNa abhAva parilakSita hotA hai| usameM AcAryoM kA krama isa prakAra hai kundakunda umAsvAti (gRdhrapiccha) balAkapiccha samantabhadra zivakoTi devanandI bhaTTAkalaka jinasena guNabhadra arhadbali puSpadanta bhUtabali nemicandra mAghanandi 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga-1, siddharavasati abhilekha, kramAMka 105 2. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA samanvita, khaNDa-1, bhAga-1 pustaka-1, prastAvanA pa0 21-22,para uddhRta 3. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha pR0-117-118

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100 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya eka ora digambara paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki SaTkhaNDAgam para kundakunda ne parikama nAmaka prAkRta vyAkhyA' likhI thI, kintu dUsarI ora usI SaTkhaNDAgama ke racayitA ko kundakunda kI ziSya paramparA meM dasarve krama para sthAna denA kitanA virodhAbhAsapUrNa hai / yadi hama nandIsaMgha paTTAvalI ko pramANa mAnate haiM to pUSpadanta aura bhUtabali kA kAla IsA kI dUsarI yA tIsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga nizcita hotA hai kintu isa abhilekha ke ke anusAra to puSpadanta aura bhUtabali na kevala kundakunda ke pazcAt apitu umAsvati, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, devanandi, bhaTTa akaMlaka jinasena, guNabhadra Adi ke bhI pazcAt hue haiN| bhaTTa akaMlaka kA kAla digambara vidvAnoM ne sAtavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga mAnA hai| ataH ukta abhilekha ke anusAra puSpadanta aura bhUtabali 8vIM zatI ke pUrva ke siddha nahIM hote haiM / ina saba visaMgatiyoM ke kAraNa digambara paramparA meM upalabdha paTTAvaliyA~ prAcIna AcAryoM ke sambandha meM vizvasanIya nahIM raha jaatiiN| jabaki kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI paTTAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA mathurA ke abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se siddha ho cukI haiN| jisa nandIsaMgha kI paTTAvalI kI prAmANikatA ko hamAre vidvAnoM ne balapUrvaka sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| usameM gautama se lekara bhUtabali taka 33 AcAryoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai| kintu inameM kahIM bhI kundakunda kA nAmollekha nahIM hai, jabaki usI kI bhUmikA rUpa meM prakSipta 3 zlokoM meM use mUlasaMgha nandIAmnAya, balAtkAragaNa, sarasvatI gaccha aura kundakundAnvaya kI paTTAvalI kahA gayA hai| yadi ye bhUmikArUpa 3 zloka iso paTTAvalI ke aMza haiM to phira yaha paTTAvalI paryApta paravartI hI siddha hogI, kyoMki balAtkAragaNa kA ullekha san 1075 I0 ke pUrva nahIM milatA hai| svayaM kundakundAnvaya kA, jisakI yaha pAvalI kahI jAto hai, ullekha bho I0 san 931 ke pUrva kahIM nahIM milatA hai| aisI sthiti meM puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kI guru paramparA aura kAla kA nirNaya di0 paTTAvaliyoM aura abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para kara pAnA kaThina hai / yadyapi dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM Aye unake ullakhoM se unakI aitihAsikatA sunizcita hai| kintu isa AdhAra para unako 1. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA samanvita, khaNDa-1, bhAga-1 pustaka-1, prAstAvanA pR0 42 2. vahI prastAvanA, pR0-23 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-3, prastAvanA, pR0 62

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yApanIya sAhitya : 101 guru paramparA tathA unake kAla kA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / unake kAla aura paramparA kA nirNaya karane kA sAdhana hamAre pAsa unake grantha kI viSayavastu ke atirikta anya kucha bhI nahIM hai| yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki unake vidyAguru dharasena the, to unheM hameM I0 san kI tRtIya zatAbdI se chaThI zatAbdI ke bIca kahI bhI to sthApita karanA hogaa| kintu yaha kAla-nirNaya unakI paramparA kA AdhAra nahIM bana sktaa| yadyapi itanA nizcita hai ki isa kAla meM yApanIya saMgha susthApita ho cukA thA aura isalie inake yApanIya hone kI saMbhAvanA ko nirasta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vastutaH SaTkhaNDAgama ko yApanIya grantha siddha karane ke lie sabase Avazyaka tathya usameM sthApita una mAnyatAoM ko spaSTa karanA hai, jinake AdhAra para use yApanIya grantha siddha kiyA jA sake / agrima paMktiyoM meM hama una tathyoM ko prastuta kareMge jinake AdhAra para SaTkhaNDAgama aura unake kartA puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko yApanIya paramparA kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke yApanIya paramparA se sambandhita hone kA sabase mahattvapUrNa evaM anyatama pramANa usameM satprarUpaNA nAmaka anuyogadvAra kA 93vA sUtra hai, jisameM paryApta manuSyanI (strI) meM saMyata-guNasthAna kI upasthiti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jo prakArAntara se strI-mukti kA sUcaka hai| yadyapi digambara paramparA meM isa satra ke 'saMjada' pada ko lekara kAphI UhApoha huA aura mUlagrantha se pratilipi karate samaya kAgaja aura tAmrapatra para kI gaI pratilipiyoM meM ise chor3a diyA gayA / yadyapi anta meM sampAdakoM ke Agraha ko mAnakara mudrita prati meM saMjada pada rakhA gayA aura yaha saMjada pada bhAvastrI ke sambandha meM hai, aisA mAnakara santoSa kiyA gyaa| prastuta prasaMga meM maiM una sabhI carcAoM ko uThAnA nahIM cAhatA, kevala itanA hI kahanA cAhU~gA ki SaTkhaNDAgama ke sUtra 89 se lekara 93 taka meM kevala paryApta manuSya aura aparyApta manuSya, paryApta manuSyanI aura aparyApta manuSyanI kI carcA hai, dravya aura bhAva manuSya yA manuSyanI kI vahA~ koI carcA nahIM hai / ataH isa 1. maNusiNIsu micchAiTTi sAsaNa sammAiTThi ThANe siyA pajjattiyAo siyA apajjatiyAo // 9 // sammAmicchAiTThi asaMjada sammAiTThi saMjadAsaMjada saMjada NiyamA pajjattiyAo // 93 // chakkhaNDAgama khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, pRSTha 334

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102 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya prasaMga meM dravya strI aura bhAva strI kA prazna uThAnA hI nirarthaka hai| dhavalAkAra svayaM bhI isa sthAna para zaMkita thA kyoMki isase strI-mukti kA samarthana hotA hai ataH usane apanI TIkA meM yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki manuSyanI ke sandarbha meM saptama guNasthAna mAnane para usameM 14 guNasthAna bhI mAnane hoMge aura phira strI-mukti bhI mAnanI hogii|' kintu jaba deva, manuSya, tiryaJca Adi kisI ke bhI sambandha meM mUla grantha meM dravya aura bhAva kI carcA kA prasaMga nahIM uThAyA gayA, to TIkA meM manuSyanI ke sambandha meM yaha prasaMga uThAnA kevala sAmpradAyika Agraha kA hI sUcaka hai / vastutaH prastuta grantha yApanIya sampradAya kA rahA hai| cUMki ukta sampradAya strImukti ko svIkAratA thA ataH use yaha sUtra rakhane meM koI Apatti ho nahIM ho sakatI thii| samasyA to una TIkAkAra AcAryoM ke sAmane AI jo strI-mukti kA niSedha karane vAlI digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para isakA artha karanA cAhate the| ataH mUlagrantha meM 'saMjada' pada ko upasthiti se SaTkhaNDAgama mUlataH yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai isameM kiMcit bhI saMzaya kA sthAna nahIM raha jAtA hai| yApanIya paramparA ke sambandha meM yaha bhI sunizcita hai ki ve zvetAmbara AgamoM ko mAnate the aura unakI paramparA meM unakA adhyayanaadhyApana bhI hotA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kI viSayavastu bahuta kucha rUpa meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke prajJApanA sUtra se milatI hai| yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama meM cintana kA jo vikAsa hai vaha prajJApanA meM nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne vistAra se jo carcA kI hai, use hama atisaMkSepa meM yahA~ prastuta kara rahe haiM 1. prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama donoM kA AdhAra 'dRSTivAda' hai ataH donoM kI sAmagrI kA srota eka hI hai| 2. donoM kI viSayavastu meM bahuta-kucha samAnatA hai kintu donoM kI nirUpaNa zailI bhinna hai-eka jIva ko kendra meM rakhakara vivecana karatA hai to dUsarA baddha karmoM ke kSaya ke kAraNa niSpanna guNasthAnoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara jIva kA vivecana karatA hai| 3. prajJApanA ke 36 padoM meM se karmabandhaka, karmavedaka, veda bandhaka, vedavedaka aura vedanA ye chaH khaNDa, SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI isI nAma se sUcita kie gaye haiM, jinakI samAnatA tulanIya hai / 1. dekheM-vahI khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, pRSTha 334 para dhavalA TIkA / 2. paNNavaNAsutta dvitIya bhAga-prastAvanA ( gujarAtI ) pR0 mahAvIra vidyAlaya bambaI

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yApanIya sAhitya : 103 4. jahA~ prajJApanA sUtra bhagavatI ke samAna praznottara zailI meM likhA gayA hai, vahA~ SaT khaNDAgama meM vivecana zailI kA anusaraNa hai / yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama meM kucha prazna-uttara bhA saMgrahIta haiM / 5. prajJApanA eka hI AcArya kI saMgrahakRti hai usameM koI cUlikA nahIM hai, kintu SaTkhaNDAgama kI sthiti isase bhinna hai, usameM aneka cUlikAe~ bhI samAviSTa haiM / 6. jahA~ prajJApanA sUtra - zailI kA grantha hai vahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama anuyoga yA vyAkhyA zailI kA grantha hai | 7. upayukta kucha bhinnatAoM ke hote hue bhI SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA meM nirUpaNasAmya aura zabdasAmya hai / prajJApanA kI gAthAyeM kra0 99-100-101 SaTkhaNDAgama meM sUtra kra0 122-23-24 meM pAyI jAtI haiM / kintu jahA~ imaM bhaNidaM kahakara ina gAthAoM ko SaTkhaNDAgama meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai vahA~ prajJApanA meM aisA koI nirdeza nahIM hai / ina gAthAoM ke atirikta mahAdaNDaka kI carcA donoM meM bahuta kucha samAna rUpa meM milatI hai / alpabahutva kI isa carcA ko prajJApanA meM 26 dvAroM ke dvArA vivecita kiyA gayA hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM mAtra gati Adi 14 dvAroM ke AdhAra para isakI carcA kI gaI hai / prajJApanA meM jo adhika dvAra haiM unakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unameM jIva aura ajIva donoM kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM mAtra jIva kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama ke 14 dvAra prajJApanA meM bhI usI nAma se milate haiM, mAtra krama kA antara hai / 8. jahA~ prajJApanA meM mahAdaNDaka meM jIva ke 98 bhedoM kA ullekha hai vahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama ke mahAdaNDaka meM jIva ke mAtra 78 bhedoM kA ullekha hai / prastuta prakaraNa meM prajJApanA meM vaicArika vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai jabaki yahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama prAcIna paramparA kA anusaraNa karatA hai / kintu anya prakaraNoM meM prajJApanA kI apekSA SaTkhaNDAgama meM vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai / 9. prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama donoM meM hI tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi pada kI prApti kI carcA hai / 10. jisa prakAra prajJApanA meM niyuktiyoM kI aneka gAthAeM haiM usI prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI niyuktiyoM kI aneka gAthAeM milatI haiM, isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki donoM kisI samAna paramparA se hI vikasita hue haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama pustaka 13 meM sUtra 4 se 16 taka kI gAthAeM Avazyaka

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104 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya niyukti meM gAthA kra0 31 se Age aura vizeSA bhASya meM gAyA kra0 604 se yathAvat milatI hai / SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA ke mUla srota kI yaha ekarUpatA yahI sUcita karatI hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kA vikAsa bhI usI dhArA se huA hai jisameM prajJApanA, kI racanA huI / yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama meM kucha sthala to aise haiM jo prajJApanA kI apekSA bhI prAcIna paramparA kA anusaraNa karate haiM kintu SaTkhaNDAgama meM anuyogadvAra ke mAdhyama se jo vyAkhyA - zailI apanAyI gayI hai, usameM naya-nikSepa paddhati kA jo anusaraNa pAyA jAtA hai vaha prajJApanA meM upalabdha nahIM hai aura isa dRSTi se prajJApanA SaT khaNDAgama kI apekSA prAcIna pratIta hotA hai / usI prakAra prajJApanA meM guNasthAna siddhAnta kA koI bhI nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM to guNasthAna siddhAnta vivecana kA mukhya AdhAra rahA haiN| isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki prajJApanA ko apekSA SaTkhaNDAgama paravartI hai / jahA~ prajJApanA IsA pUrva prathama zatI kI racanA hai vahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA nahIM hai, phira bhI donoM meM viSayavastu evaM zailIgata sAmya yahI sUcita karatA hai ki donoM ke vikAsa kA mUla srota eka hI paramparA hai / / ' pro0 hIrAlAla jaina aura pro0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA kI pustaka 1 khaNDa bhAga 1 ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kI apanI bhUmikA meM paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ke uparyukta vicAroM kI samIkSA kI hai, kintu ve bhI yaha tA mAnate hI haiM ki SaTkhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA meM viSayavastugata sAmya hai cAhe ve yaha nahIM mAneM ki SaTkhaNDAgama para prajJApanA kA prabhAva hai, kintu itanA to mAnanA hI hogA ki isa samAnatA kA AdhAra donoM kI pUrva paramparA eka honA hai aura yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI uttara-bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA ke samAna rUpa se uttarAdhikArI rahe haiM aura isIlie donoM kI Agamika paramparA eka hI hai tathA yahI unake Agamika granthoM kI nikaTatA kA kAraNa hai / SaTkhaNDAgama meM strI-mukti kA samarthana aura zvetAmbara Agamika aura niyukti sAhitya se usakI zailI aura viSayavastugata samAnatA yahI siddha karatI hai ki vaha yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai / 1 dekheM - SaTkhaNDAgama khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1 ke dvitIya saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA pR0

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mUla SaTkhaNDAgama aura zvetAmbara Agama niTakatA hai use nimna tulanAtmaka vivaraNoM se sakatA hai prajJApanA sUtra samayaM vakkaMtANaM samayaM prajJApanA aura SaTkhaNDAgama sthAnAMga ANuggahaNaM samayaM SaTkhaNDAgama sUtra 124 samagaM vakkaMtANaM samagaM tesi sarIraNippattI | samagaM ca aNuggahaNaM samagaM ussAsaNissAso || prajJApanA sUtra yApanIya sAhitya : 105 sAhitya se kisa prakAra samyaka rUpa se jAnA jA samayaM tesi sarIranivvattI / UsAsanIsAse / / 99 // ekkssa u jaM gahaNaM bahUNa sAhAraNANa taM ceva / jaM bahuyANaM gahaNaM samAsao taM pi egassa || 100 || SaTkhaNDAgama sUtra 123 eyassa aNuggahaNaM bahUNa sAhAraNANameyassa / eyassa jaM bahUNaM samAnado taM pi hodi eyassa // prajJApanA sUtra sAhAraNamAhAro sAhA raNajIvANa SaTkhaNDAgama sUtra 122 sAhAraNamAhAro sAhAraNajIvANa sAhAraNamANupANagahaNaM sAhAraNalakkhaNaM sAhAraNamANapANagahaNaM sAhAraNalakkhaNaM sthAnAMga aura SaTkhaNDAgama ca / eyaM // 101 // ca / maNasA vayasA kAraNa vAvi juttassa viriyapariNAmo / jIvassa appaNijjo sa jogasanno jiNakkhAo || bhaNidaM // - sthAnAMga sthAna 3, pR0 101

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106 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya SaTakhaNDAgama maNasA vacasA kAraNa cAvi juttassa viriyapariNAmo / jIvassappaNiyoo jogo tti jiNehi Niddivo // -SaTkhaNDAgama khaNDa 1 bhAga 1 pustaka 1 pR0 101 Avazyaka niyukti aura SaTkhaNDAgama Avazyaka niyukti aMgulamAvaliyANaM, bhAgamasaMkhijja dosu sNkhijjaa| aMgulamAvaliaMto, AvaliyA aMgulapuhuttaM // 32 // SaTkhaNDAgama aMgulamAvaliyAe mAgamasaMkhejja do vi saMkhejjA / aMgulamAvaliyaMto AvaliyaM cAMgulapudhattaM / / 304 / / Avazyaka niyukti bharahami addhamAso, jaMbUdIvaMmi sAhio mAso / vAsaM ca maNualoe, vAsapuhuttaM ca rUyagaMmi // 34 // / SaTkhaNDAgama bharahammi addhamAsaM sAhiyamAsaM ca jaMbudIvammi / vAsaM ca maNualoe vAsapudhattaM ca rUjagammi // 307 / / Avazyaka niyukti saMkhijjami u kAle, dIvasamuddAvi hu~ti sNkhijjaa| kAlaMmi asaMkhijje, dovasamuddA u bhaiyavvA / / 35 / / SaTkhaNDAgama saMkhejjadime kAle dIva-samuddA havaMti sNkhejjaa| kAlammi asaMkhejje dIva-samuddA asaMkhejjA // 308 //

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Avazyaka niyukti kAle cauNha buDDhI, kAlo bhaiyavvu khittabuDDhIe / vuDDhIi davvapajjava, bhaiyavvA khittakAlA u // 36 // SaTkhaNDAgama kAlo caduSNa vuDDhI kAlo bhajidavvo khettabuDDhoe / vuDDhI davva-pajjaya bhajidavvA khetta-kAlA du || 309 || Avazyaka niryukti 1 sakkIsANA paDhamaM duccaM ca saNakumAramAhiMdA | taccaM ca baMbhalaMtaga, sukkasahassAra ya cautthIM // 48 // SaTkhaNDAgama sakkIsANA paDhamaM doccaM tu saNakkumAra- mAhiMdA / taccaM tu bamha-laMtaya sukka sahassArayA cotthaM ||316|| Avazyaka niryukti yApanIya sAhitya : 107 ANayapANayakappe, devA pAsaMti paMcami puDhavIM / taM ceva AraNacyUya, ohInANeNa pAsaMti // 49 // SaTkhaNDAgama ANada- pANadavAsI taha AraNa-accudA ya je devA / passaMti paMcamakhidi chaTTima gevajjayA devA // 318|| Avazyaka niyukti ukkosomaNue, maNussatiriesu ya jahaNaNe ya / ukkosa logamitto, paDivAi paraM apaDivAI // 53 // SaTkhaNDAgama ukkassa mANusesu ya mANusa tericchae jahaNNohI / ukkassa logamettaM paDivAdI teNa paramapaDivAdI || 327|

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108 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya vivecana zailIgata samAnatA prajJApanA SaTkhaNDAgama 1. dizA 2. gati 1. gati 3. indriya 2. indriya 4. kAya 3. kAya 5. yoga 4. yoga 6. veda 5. veda 7. kaSAya 6. kaSAya 8. lezyA 10. lezyA 9. samyaktva 12. samyaktva 10. jJAna 7. jJAna 11. darzana 9. darzana 12. saMyata 8. saMyama 13. upayoga 14. AhAra 14. AhAraka 15. bhASaka 16. paritta 17. paryApta 18. sUkSma 19. saMjJI 20. bhava 21. astikAya 22. parima 23. jIva 14. kSetra 25. baMdha 26. pudgala yativRSabha ke kasAyapAhuDa cUNisUtra aura tiloyapaNNatti yaha hama siddha kara cuke haiM ki kasAyapAhaDa mUlataH uttara bhArata kI avibhakta nirgrantha paramparA meM nirmita huA thA, ataH usake uttarAdhikArI | I | | / / / /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 109 yApanIya aura zvetAmbara donoM hI rahe haiN| jahA~ taka kasAyapAhuDa ke cUrNisUtroM kA prazna hai ve yativRSabha ke kahe jAte haiM / yativRSabha kA eka anya grantha tiloyapaNNatti bhI upalabdha hai kintu jaisA ki prabuddha digambara vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma premI, paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI Adi kA kahanA hai ki isa grantha meM paryApta milAvaTa huI hai / ataH usake AdhAra para yativRSabha kI paramparA kA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu yadi hama mAtra kasAyapAhuDa kI cUNi para vicAra kareM to usameM aisA koI bhI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hotA jinake AdhAra para yativRSabha ko yApanIya mAnane meM bAdhA utpanna ho| paM0 hIrAlAlajI jaina ne kasAyapAhuDa ko prastAvanA meM spaSTarUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki yativRSabha ke sammukha SaTkhaNDAgama, kammapayaDI, sataka aura sittarI, ye cAra grantha avazya vidyamAna the / punaH unhoMne vistArapUrvaka una sandarbho ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai, jo kasAyapAhuDacUNi aura ina granthoM meM pAye jAte haiN| vistArabhaya se hama yahA~ kevala nirdeza mAtra kara rahe haiM / unhoMne kasAyapAhuDacUNi, kammapayaDIcUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sitarINi kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa bhI prastuta kiyA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana ke icchuka vidvAn unakI kasAyapAhaGa kI bhUmikA dekha sakate haiN| yadyapi kasAyapAhaDa kI caNi kI kammapayaDI cUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sittarIcUrNi se jo zailI aura vicAragata samarUpatA hai usake AdhAra para unhoMne kammapayaDIcUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sittarIcUrNi ke racayitA bhI yativRSabha hI haiM-aisA anumAna kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki satakacUrNi, sittarIcUNi, kasAyapAhuDacUrNi aura kammapayaDIcUrNi, ina cAroM ho cUrNiyoM ke racayitA eka hI AcArya haiN| kasAyapAhuDacUNi ke racayitA yativRSabha prasiddha hI haiN| zeSa tInoM cUrNiyoM ke racayitA, upayukta ullekhoM se ve hI siddha hote haiM / ataH cAroM cUrNiyoM kI racanAe~ AcArya yativRSabha kI hI kRtiyA~ haiM / kintu yadi hama niSpakSa bhAva se vicAra kareM, to paM0 hIrAlAla jI kI yaha mAnyatA unake sAmpradAyika Agraha kA hI pariNAma hai| yaha satya hai ki ina granthoM meM viSayavastugata aura zailIgata samAnatAe~ haiM kintu isa samAnatA ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ki ye sabhI yativRSabha kI kRtiyA~ haiM ucita nahIM haiN| kyA mUlAcAra, Avazyakaniyukti, 1. dekheM-kasAyapAhuDasutta, prastAvanA pR0 28 2. vahI, prastAvanA pR0 52

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110 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna Adi ko zatAdhika gAthAoM ke samAna hone ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA ucita hogA ki mUlAcAra, Avazyakaniyukti, Atura-pratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna Adi kA racayitA eka hI hai ? vastutaH aisA kahanA dussAhasapUrNa hogA / hama mAtra yahI kaha sakate haiM ki inhoMne paraspara eka dUsare se athavA apanI hI pUrva paraMparA se ye gAthAeM lI haiN| digambara paramparA meM mAnya paMcasaMgraha (prAkRta) meM 'sataka' aura 'sittarI' donoM grantha samAhita hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke sataka aura sittarI se jaba inakI tulanA karate haiM to hama pAte haiM ki 2-3 gAthAoM ko chor3akara donoM kI sampUrNa gAthAyeM eka samAna hai, antara mAtra mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI prAkRta kA hai| kasAyapAhuDacUrNi ke atirikta kammapayaDI, sataka aura sittarIcUrNi mUlataH zvetAmbara bhaNDAroM se hI upalabdha huI haiM aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI pracalita rahI haiN| yadi hama unakI bhASA kA vicAra kareM to spaSTa rUpa se yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki donoM kI paramparAe~ bhinna haiN| jahA~ kaSAyapAhuDacUNi zaurasenI prAkRta meM upalabdha hotI hai vahA~ kammapayaDI cUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sittarIcUrNi mahArASTrI prabhAvita ardhamAgadhI meM upalabdha haiN| Aja taka na to zvetAmbara paramparA kA koI aisA grantha upalabdha huA hai jo zaurasenI prAkRta meM racA gayA ho aura na digambara tathA yApanIya paramparA meM aisA grantha pAyA gayA hai jo mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhA gayA ho / yaha nirvivAda hai ki na to zvetAmbaroM ne zaurasenI prAkRta ko apane lekhana kA AdhAra banAyA aura na hI yApanIya aura digambara paramparA ne ardhamAgadhI tathA mahArASTro prAkRta ko kabhI apanAyA / hA~ itanA avazya huA hai ki jaba kisI yApanIya yA digambara AcArya ne zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya ardhamAgadho athavA mahArASTrI prAkRta granthoM ke AdhAra para koI racanA kI to ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gyaa| isI prakAra jaba kisI zvetAmbara AcArya ne kisI zaurasenI prAkRta ke grantha ko AdhAra banAkara koI racanA kI to usa para zaurasenI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gayA hai / yadyapi zaurasenI prabhAvayukta mahArASTrI prAkRta ke granthoM meM tIrthodgAlika prakIrNaka ko chor3akara anya koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai, jo aneka praznoM para zvetAmbara mAnyatA se bhinna hai / jabaki ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta ke prabhAva se yukta zaurasenI prAkRta ke anekoM grantha haiN| prAyaH yApanIya aura digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM para ardhamAgadhI yA mahArASTrI kA prabhAva dekhA

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yApanIya sAhitya : 116 jAtA hai, jo isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki inakI gAthAe~ ardhamAgadho srotoM se AyI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcIna stara ke jo grantha apanI viSaya-vastu evaM zailI kI dRSTi se ardhagAgadhI AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM ke nikaTa haiM aura jo zaurasenI prAkRta meM rUpAntarita yA racita haiM, ve nizcita rUpa se yApanIya haiM aura isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama spaSTatayA isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki kasAyapAhuDacUNi yApanIya paramparA kA ho gratha hai aura isake lekhaka yativRSabha bhI yApanoya haiM / jahA~ taka yativRSabha aura unake kasAyapAhuDacUrNisUtroM ke racanAkAla kA prazna hai, jayadhavalA ke anusAra yativRSabha Arya maMkSu ke ziSya aura Arya nAgahasti ke antevAsI the aura unhoMne unhIM se kasAyapAhuDa kA adhyayana kara cUrNisUtroM kI racanA kI thI kintu isa kathana kI vizvasa. nIyatA saMdehAspada hai| abhilekhIya aura anya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para AyaM maMkSa aura nAgahastI kA kAla IsvI san kI dUsarI zatI siddha hai / prathama to cUNi likhane kI paramparA jainoM ke atirikta anyatra prApta nahIM hotI hai| punaH jaina paramparA meM bhI cUrNiyA mAtra chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI se likhI jAne lagI haiM aura vaha bhI mAtra zvetAmbara aura yApanoya paramparAoM meM ho| mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA meM koI cUNi nahIM likho gaI hai| punaH yApanoya paramparA meM bhI kasAyapAhuDa ke atirikta anya kisI grantha para cUrNi likhI gaI ho isake saMketa prApta nahIM hote| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM karma sAhitya aura Agamika sAhitya para lagabhaga 22 se adhika caNiyA~ likhI gaI haiM / kasAyapAhuDacUrNi kI zvetAmbara paramparA kI kammapayaDIcUrNi, satakacUrNi aura sittarIcUrNi se zailIgata nikaTatA bhI yahI sUcita karatI hai ki kasAyapAhuDacUrNi kA racanAkAla bhI lagabhaga chaThI-sAtavIM zatI hogA aura isI AdhAra para yativRSabha kA kAla bhI yahI mAnanA hogA / adhikAMza digambara aura zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne unakA yahI kAla mAnA bhI hai / bAdhA yahI hai ki isase ve kalpasUtra evaM nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM meM ullikhita AyamaMkSu evaM nAgahasti ke ziSya aura antevAsI na hokara paramparA-ziSya hI siddha hoNge| kyoMki inhoMne Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti ke matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura Arya maMkSu kA upadeza vicchinna aura nAgahasti ke upadeza ko avicchinna mAnA hai, isI AdhAra para dhavalAkAra ne inheM unakA ziSya mAna liyA hai|

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112 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ___ yativRSabha se AyaM maMkSu aura nAgahasti ke ziSya mAnane kA AdhAra yativRSabha dvArA maMkSu aura nAgahasti ke matoM kA kramazaH apavvAijaMta aura pavvAijaMta ke rUpa meM ullekha karanA hai| paM0 hIrAlAla jI ne jayadhavalA ke AdhAra para ise spaSTa karate hue likhA hai, "jo upadeza sarva AcAryoM se sammata hai, cirakAla se avicchinna sampradAya dvArA pravAharUpa se A rahA hai, aura guru-ziSya paramparA ke dvArA prarUpita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pravAhyamAna (pavvAijaMta) upadeza kahalAtA hai| isase bhinna jo sarva AcAryasammata na ho aura avichinna guru-ziSya-paramparA se nahIM A rahA ho, aise upadeza ko apravAhyamAna (apavvAijaMta) upadeza kahate haiN| AryamaMkSu AcArya ke upadeza ko apravAhyamAna aura nAgahasti kSamAzramaNa ke upadeza ko pravAhyamAna upadeza samajhanA cAhie / ' paM0 horAlAlajI kA kathana hai ki vaha (kammapayaDI) A0 yativRSabha ke sAmane upasthita hI nahIM thI balki unhoMne prastuta cUrNi meM usakA bharapUra upayoga bhI kiyA hai| kammapayaDI ko zivazarmasUri kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai-inakA kAla 5vIM zatI hai / ataH sambhava yahI hai ki yativRSabha kA kAla inake pazcAt arthAt IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatI ho / guNasthAna siddhAMta ke vikAsa kI daSTi se yaha mAnanA hogA ki Arya maMA aura nAgahasti karma prakRtiyoM ke viziSTa jJAtA the, ve kasAyapAhuDa ke vartamAna svarUpa ke prastotA nahIM the, mAtra yahI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki kasAyapAhuDa ko racanA kA AdhAra unakI karma siddhAnta sambandhI avadhAraNAe~ hai kyoMki Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti kA kAla I0 san kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA hai| yadi hama kasAyapAhaDa meM prastuta guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA para vicAra kareM to aisA lagatA hai ki kasAyapAhuDa kI racanA guNasthAna siddhAnta kI avadhAraNA ke nirdhArita hone ke bAda huI hai| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM yahA~ taka ki prajJApanA jaise vikasita Agama aura tattvArthasatra meM bhI guNasthAna kA siddhAMta suvyavasthita rUpa nahIM le pAyA thA, jabaki kasAyapAhuDa meM guNasthAna-siddhAMta savyavasthita rUpa lene ke bAda hI racA gayA hai / ataH yadi tattvArtha kA racanAkAla IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI hai to usakA kAla IsA kI tosarI-cauthI zatAbdI mAnanA hogaa| kintu yadi hama prajJApanA ke kartA AryazyAma ke bAda nandIsatra sthavirAvalI meM ullekhita svAti ko tattvArtha 1. dekheM-kasAyapAhuDasutta pR0 TippaNI sahita 2. kasAyapAhuDasutta kI prastAvanA pR0 38

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yApanIya sAhitya : 113 ke kartA umAsvAti mAne athavA umAsvAti kA kAla kama se kama IsA kI prathama zatAbdI mAne, taba hI kasAyapAhuDa ke kartA aura prastotA ke rUpa meM guNadhara, AryamA aura Arya nAgahasti ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, tathApi yativRSabha ko AryamaMkSu aura Arya nAgahasti kA sAkSAt ziSya aura antevAsI mAnanA sambhava nahIM hai| ve unake paramparA ziSya hI haiN| vartamAna meM kasAyapAhuDasUtta meM cUlikA aura bhASya bhI upalabdha hote haiN| saMkSipta bhASyoM kI racanAeM niyuktiyoM ke bAda aura bRhadkalpabhASya, vyavahArabhASya aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya jaise vistRta bhASya granthoM kI racanA ke pahale hone lagI thii| inakA kAla lagabhaga IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI mAnanA hogA / kasAyapAhuDa kI bhASya gAthAeM bhI isI kAla kI hoMgI aura chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI meM usa para yaha cUNi likhI gaI hogii| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa meM apane vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM AdezakaSAya ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue 'kecit' kahakara usake yativRSabhake cUrNisUtra meM nirdiSTa svarUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki vaha sthApanAkaSAya se bhinna nahIM hai, usI meM usakA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai isa AdhAra para paM0 nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra yativRSabha vi0 saM0 666 ke pUrva hue yaha nizcita hotA hai, yaha unakI uttarasImA hai / yativRSabha vi0 saM0 515 ke pUrva bhI nahIM hue haiM kyoMki yativRSabha ke dvArA sarvanandI ke lokavibhAga kA tiloyapaNNatti meM pAMca bAra ullekha huA hai aura sarvanandI kA lokavibhAga vi0 saM0 515 (I0 saM0 458) kI racanA hai| isI prakAra tiloyapaNNatti meM vIranirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda taka kI rAjyaparamparA kA ullekha hai / tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra vI0 ni0 ke 1000 varSa bAda kalkI kI mRtyu huI aura usake bAda usake putra ne do varSa taka dharmarAjya kiyaa| ataH tiloyapaNNatti vI0 ni0 saM0 1002 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 532 arthAt I0 san 475 ke bAda hI kabhI racI gayI hai / ataH yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai ki yativRSabha vi0 saM0 535 se vi0 saM0 666 ke bIca hue haiM aura isa AdhAra para unake cUrNisUtroM kA racanAkAla IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI hI siddha hotA hai| punaH tiloyapaNNatti ke anta meM pAI jAnevAlI 'cuNNisarUvaTTha' ityAdi gAthA ke 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI) pR0 10 2. vahI, pR0 10

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114 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ullekha se siddha haiM ki tiloyapaNNatti kI racanA ke pUrva kammapayaDIcUrNi kI racanA ho cukI thii| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki yativRSabha kA kAla 6-7 zatAbdI hai, kyoMki anya prAcInacUNiyoM kA racanA kAla bhI yahI hai| paM0 hIrAlAlajI ne kammapayaDI zataka aura sittarI cUrNiyoM ke maMgala padyoM kI zabdAvalI aura zailIgata ekarUpatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai|' yaha satya hai ki ve sabhI maMgala padya nandIsUtra kI Adi maMgala gAthAoM se prabhAvita hai aura yahI siddha karate haiM ki ye cUrNiyA~ nandIsUtra ke bAda kI haiM aura usI paramparA kI haiN| * bhASya aura cUNi likhane kI paramparA zvetAmbaroM meM ho rahI hai, digambaroM ne na to koI bhASya likhA gayA aura na koI cUNi hii| ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtra yApanIya paramparA ke hI hoMge, kyoMki yApaniyoM aura zvetAmbaroM meM Agamika jJAna kA paryApta AdAnapradAna huA hai| yadi yativRSabha, AryamA aura nAgahasti ke paramparA ziSya bhI ho to sambhAvanA yahI hai ki ve boTika / yApanIya hoNge| kyoMki uttara bhAratIya abiyala nirgrantha paramparA ke Arya maMkSu aura nAgahasti kA sambandha boTika/ yApanIyoM se ho sakatA hai, mUlasaMghIya dakSiNa bhAratIya kundakunda kI digambara paramparA se nhiiN| / prAkRta loka vibhAga, jisake kartA sarvanandI haiM, kA ullekha yativRSabha ne apanI tiloyapaNNatti meM pA~ca bAra kiyA hai| zivArya ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM jinanandI, sarvaguptagaNi aura mitranandI kA ullekha apane guruoM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / paM0 nAthUrAma premIjI ne yaha mAnA hai ki ye sarvaguptagaNi hI sarvanandI hoM / sAtha hI unhoMne inheM yApanIya hone kI sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai| ataH sambhava yahI hai ki yativRSabha ne tiloyapaNNatti meM apanI hI paramparA ke Arya sarvanandI kI kRti ko uddhRta kiyA ho|| yativRSabha ke Age vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM jo yati viruda hai vaha bhI zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM meM pracalita rahA hai / indranandI ne zrutAvatAra meM unheM yatipati kahA hai| yApanIya-zAkATAyana kA yatigrAma-agraNI 1. kasAyapAhuDasutta prastAvanA pR0 52-53 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, (paM0 nAthurAmajI premI) pR01-3 3. yativRSabhanAmadheyo"tato yatipatinA / zrutAvatAra 155-56

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yApanIya sAhitya : 115 kahA gayA hai| isake viparIta dakSiNa bhAratIya digambara paramparA meM 'yati' viruda pracalita rahA ho, aisI hameM jAnakArI nahIM hai, kintu yApanIya paramparA se nikale kaSThAsaMgha ke bhaTTAraka 'yati' kahe jAte rahe haiM, udAharaNArtha sonAgira ke bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI Aja bhI yatijo kI gaddI kahI jAtI hai| yativRSabha ke cUrNisUtroM meM na to strImukti kA niSedha hai aura na kevalimukti kA / ataH unheM yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| yativRSabha ko yApanIya mAnane ke lie eka AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki aparAjita ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI gAthA 2069 (zolApura saMskaraNa) kI TIkA meM yativRSabha dvArA zrAvastI meM zastra grahaNa karake deha tyAga karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha kathA hariSeNa ke bahada-kathA koSa meM kramAMka 156 para aura nemidatta ke ArAdhanA koSa meM krama 81 para vistAra se varNita hai / yadyapi bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI mUla gAthA meM mAtra 'gaNi' zabda kA ullekha hai kintu TIkAkAra aparAjita tathA bRhadakathAkoSa ke kartA hariSeNa ne unheM yativRSabha kahA hai| sambhavataH TIkAkAra aura bRhadkathAkoSakAra ke sammukha koI anuzruti rahI hogii| yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya, TIkAkAra aparAjita yApanIya aura bRhatakathAkoSakAra hariSeNa punnATasaMghIya rahe haiM aura isalie sambhAvanA yahI hai ki unheM yaha kathA anuzruti se prApta huI ho aura yativRSabha unhIM ke paramparA ke prAcIna AcArya rahe hoN| punaH yativRSabha ke dehatyAga kI yaha ghaTanA uttara bhArata ke zrAvastI nagara meM ghaTita haI thii| uttara bhArata hI boTika yA yApanIyoM kA kendra thaa| isase bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yativRSabha uttara bhAratIya acela paramparA ke AcArya haiN| ___ yativRSabha ko yApanIya mAnane meM ekamAtra bAdhA yaha hai ki unakI tiloyapaNNatti meM AgamoM ke viccheda kA jo krama diyA gayA hai, vaha yApanIya paramparA ke anukUla nahIM hai, kyoMki aparAjita (9 vIM zatI) apanI vijayodayA TIkA meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bRhadakalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, jItakalpa Adi AgamoM kA na kevala nAmollekha kara rahe haiM, apitu unake anekoM vAkyAMza yA gAthAyeM bhI uddhRta

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116 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kara rahe haiN| kintu tiloyapaNNatti ko yApanIya kRti mAnane meM AgamoM kA viccheda batAne vAlI gAthAe~ bahata bAdhaka nahIM hai| prathama to tiloyapaNNatti meM paryApta milAvaTa huI hai, yaha tathya digambara vidvAn bhI svIkRta karate haiN| paM0 nAtharAma jI premI likhate haiM ki "isa taraha paM0 phUlacandajI ke lekha se aura jayadhavalA kI prastAvanA se mAlUma hotA hai ki upalabdha tiloyapaNNatti apane asala rUpa meM nahIM hai| dhavalA TIkA ke bAda ( arthAt 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt ) usameM saMskAra saMzodhana, parivartana, milAvaTa kI gaI hai|" isI prakAra jayadhavalA kI prastAvanA meM paM0 phUlacandrajI likhate haiM ki "vartamAna tiloyapaNNatti jisa rUpa meM pAI jAtI hai, usI rUpa meM yativRSabha ne usakI racanA kI thI, isameM sandeha hai / hameM lagatA hai ki yati vRSabha kRta tiloyapaNNatti meM kucha aMza aisA bhI hai, jo bAda meM sammilita kiyA gayA aura kucha aMza aisA bhI hai jo kisI kAraNa se upalabdha pratiyoM meM likhane se chUTa gayA hai|"1 ataH isa sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki mUla tiloyapaNNatti yApanIya kRti rahI ho aura yativRSabha bhI yApanIya ho / dUsare mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki jaba yApanIya saMgha meM AgamoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana pravRti zithila ho gaI, apanI paramparA meM nirmita granthoM se hI unakA kAma calane lagA tabhI AcAryoM dvArA AgamoM ke kramika uccheda kI bAta kahI jAne lgii| sarvaprathama tiNoyapaNNatti, dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM hI yaha carcA aaii| punnATasaMghIya jinasena ke harivaMza ke aMta meM to nAma bhI nahIM diye haiM, mAtra viccheda kAla kA ullekha kiyA hai / ___ sabhI granthoM meM upalabdha sUciyoM meM sAmAnyatayA nAma aura kAlakrama kI ekarUpatA bhI yahI batAtI hai ki ina sabhI kA mUla srota eka hI rahA hogA / vaise Agamika jJAna ke viccheda kA artha yaha bhI nahIM hai ki Agamaprantha sarvathA viccheda ho gye| AgamoM ke eka deza jJAna kI upasthiti to sabhI ne mAnI hI hai| merI dRSTi meM to jaba AgamoM kI viSaya vastu evaM padasaMkhyA ko lekara hamAre AcArya usa samaya ke upalabdha granthoM kI upekSA karake unakI mahattA dikhAne ke lie kalpanA loka meM ur3Ane bharane lage aura AgamoM kI pada saMkhyA lAkha aura karor3a kI saMkhyA bhI ko pAra karake Age bar3hane lagI aura jaba yaha kahA jAne lagA ki vipAkasUtra meM eka karor3a caurAsI lAkha battIsa hajAra pada the athavA 14vA pUrva itanA bar3A thA ki use likhane ke lie 14 hAthI DUba jAye itanI syAhI lagatI thI

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yApanIya sAhitya : 117 aura usameM sAr3he bAraha karor3a pada the| kintu vAstavikatA to isase bhinna thI una nAmoM se upalabdha granthoM kA AkAra usa kalpita pada saMkhyA se bahuta choTA thA, ataH bacAva ke lie yaha kahA jAne lagA ki Agama vicchinna ho gaye / jaba vaha zvetAmbara paramparA bhI jo AgamoM kA saMrakSaNa kara rahI thI kahane lagI ki Agama-vicchinna ho rahe haiM, to digambara aura yApanIya paramparAoM dvArA unake viccheda kI bAta karanA svAbhAvika hI thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agamika prakIrNaka 'tIrthodgAlika' meM bhI AgamoM ke uccheda krama kA ullekha hai| jaba AgamoM ke hote hue bhI zvetAmbara paramparA unake viccheda kI bAta kara sakatI hai, to yApanIya AcAryoM dvArA unake viccheda kI bAta karanA Azcaryajanaka bhI nahIM hai| ataH AgamoM ke uccheda kI bAta karane mAtra se kisI grantha ke yApanIya hone ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| tiloyapaNNatti meM AgamoM ke viccheda kI bAta A jAne se bhI usakA yApanIya honA nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| kyoMki Agama viccheda kI yaha carcA na kevala digambara meM uThI ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai, vaha yApanIyoM aura zvetAmbaroM meM bhI huI hai| isa sambandha meM vAstavikatA kyA hai, isa prazna para paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne jaina sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa kI bhAga 1 kI prastAvanA meM gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai / hama yahA~ unhIM ke vicAroM ko zabdazaH uddhRta kara rahe haiM ataH pAThaka yathArthatA ko samajha sake / ve likhate haiM ki "aba Agamaviccheda ke prazna para vicAra kiyA jAya / Agamaviccheda ke viSaya meM bhI do mata haiN| eka ke anusAra 'sutta' vinaSTa huA hai, taba dUsare ke anusAra 'sutta' nahIM kintu suttadhara-pradhAna anuyogadhara vinaSTa hue haiN| ina donoM mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza nandI-cUNi jitanA to purAnA hai hii| Azcarya to isa bAta kA hai ki digambara paramparA ke dhavalA (pR0 65) meM tathA jayadhavalA ( pR0 83 ) meM dUsare pakSa ko mAnA gayA hai arthAt zrutadharoM ke viccheda kI carcA pradhAna rUpa se kI gayI hai aura zrutadharoM ke viccheda se zruta kA viccheda phalita mAnA gayA hai| kintu Aja kA 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 47, 48 evaM 50 / ( AdhArabhUta grantha nandIvRtti, samavAyAga vRtti aura dhavalA aadi)| 2. paiNNayasuttAI-tithyogAlI ( mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI ) gAthA 807-836, pR0 482-484 / 3. nandI-cUrNi, pR0 8 / /

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118 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya digambara samAja zruta kA hI viccheda mAnatA hai| isase bhI siddha hai ki pustaka meM likhita AgamoM kA utanA hI mahattva nahIM hai jitanA zrutadharoM kI smRti meM rahe hue AgamoM kA / . jisa prakAra dhavalA meM zrutadharoM ke viccheda kI bAta kahI hai usI prakAra titthogAlI prakIrNaka meM zruta ke viccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai / vaha isa prakAra hai prathama bhagavAna mahAvIra se bhadrabAhu taka kI paramparA dI gaI hai aura sthUlabhadra bhadrAbAhu ke pAsa caudahapUrva kI vAcanA lene gaye isa bAta kA nideza hai / yaha nirdiSTa hai ki dasapUrvadharoM meM antima sarvamitra the| usake bAda nirdiSTa hai ki vIranirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda pUrvo kA viccheda huA / yahA~ para yaha dhyAna denA jarUrI hai, yahI ki ullekha bhagavatI sUtra meM (2.8 ) bhI hai / titthogAlI meM usake bAda nimna prakAra se kramazaH zrutaviccheda kI carcA kI gaI haiI0 723 = vIra-nirvANa 1250 meM vivAhaprajJapti aura chaH aMgoM kA viccheda I0 773 = ,, 1300 meM samavAyAMga kA viccheda 1350 meM ThANAMga kA , 1400 meM kalpa-vyavahAra kA , I0 973 = , 1500 meM dazAzruta kA , 1900 meM sUtrakRtAMga kA , I0 1473 = ,, 2000 meM vizAkha muni ke samaya meM nizItha kA ,, I0 1773 = ,, 2300 meM AcArAMga kA , dusamA ke zruta meM duppasaha muni ke hone ke bAda yaha kahA gayA hai ki ve hI antima AcAradhara hoNge| usake bAda anAcAra kA sAmrAjya hogaa| isake bAda nirdiSTa hai kiI0 19973 = vIrani0 20500 meM uttarAdhyayana kA viccheda I0 20373 = , 20900 meM dazavaikAlika sUtra kA viccheda I. 20473 = , 21000 meM dazavaikAlika ke artha kA viccheda, duppasaha muni kI mRtyu ke baad| I. 20473 = , 21000 paryanta Avazyaka, anuyogadvAra aura nandI sUtra avyavacchinna rheNge| -titthogAlI gA0 697-866. 4ir air tir in thirt

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yApanIya sAhitya : 119 titthogAlIya prakaraNa zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla grantha hai, aisA usake adhyayana se pratIta hotA hai / usameM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM ke 14 svapnoM kA ullekha hai- - gA0 100, 1024, strI-mukti kA samarthana bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai - gA0 556; Avazyaka niyukti kI kaI gAthAe~ isameM AtI haiM gA0 70 se, 383 se ityAdi; anuyogadvAra aura nandI kA ullekha aura unake tIthaMparyanta Tike rahane kI bAta, dazaAzcarya kI carcA gA0 887 se, nandI sUtragata saMghastutikA avataraNa gA0 848 se hai / AgamoM ke kramika viccheda kI carcA jisa prakAra jainoM meM hai usI prakAra bauddhoM ke anAgatavaMza meM bhI tripiTaka ke viccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki zramaNoM kI yaha eka sAmAnya dhAraNA hai ki zruta kA viccheda kramazaH hotA hai / titthogAlI meM aMgaviccheda kI carcA hai / isa bAta ko vyavahArabhASya ke kartA ne bhI mAnA hai " titthogAlI etthaM vattavvA hoi ANupuvvIe / je tassa u aMgassa vucchedo jahi viNidiTTho // " - vya0 bhA0 10.704 isase jAnA jA sakatA hai ki aMgaviccheda ko carcA prAcIna hai aura yaha digambara- zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM calI hai| aisA hote hue bhI yadi zvetAmbaroM ne aMgoM ke aMza ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna kiyA aura vaha aMza Aja hameM upalabdha hai - yaha mAnA jAya to isameM kyA anucita hai ? eka bAta kA aura bhI spaSTIkaraNa jarUrI hai ki digambaroM meM bhI dhavalA ke anusAra sarva aMgoM kA sampUrNa rUpa se viccheda mAnA nahIM gayA hai kintu yaha mAnA gayA hai ki pUrva aura aMga ke ekadezadhara hue haiM aura unakI paramparA calI hai / usa paramparA ke viccheda kA bhaya to pradarzita kiyA hai kintu vaha paramparA vicchinna ho gaI, aisA spaSTa ullekha dhavalA yA jayadhavalA meM bhI nahIM hai / vahA~ spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vIranirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda bhAratavarSa meM jitane bhI AcArya hue haiM ve sabhI "sabvemiMgapuNvANamekavesadhArayA jAdA" arthAt sarva aMga-pUrva ke ekadezadhara hue haiM - jayadhavalA bhA0 1, pR0 86; dhavalA, pR0 67 / tiloya paNNatti meM bhI zrutaviccheda kI carcA hai aura vahA~ bhI AcArAMgadhArI taka kA samaya vIrani0 683 batAyA gayA hai / tiloyapaNNatta ke anusAra bhI aMga zruta kA sarvathA viccheda mAnya nahIM hai / use bhI aMga-pUrva ke ekadezadhara ke astitva meM sandeha nahIM hai / usake anusAra --

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120 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya bhI aMgavAhya ke viccheda kA koI prazna nahIM uThAyA gayA hai / vastutaH tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra zrutatIrthaM kA viccheda vIrani0 20317 meM hogA arthAt taba taka zruta kA ekadeza vidyamAna rahegA hI ( dekhie, 4. gA0 1475 - 1493 ) / tiloya paNNatti meM prakSepa kI mAtrA adhika hai phira bhI usakA samaya DaoN0 upAdhye ne jo nizcita kiyA hai vaha mAnA jAya to I0 san 473 aura 609 ke bIca hai / tadanusAra bhI usa samaya taka sarvathA zrutaviccheda kI carcA nahIM thI / tiloyapaNNatti kA hI anusaraNa dhavalA meM mAnA jA 1 sakatA hai / " 1 ina saba AdhAroM para yativRSabha aura unake grantha tiloyapaNNatti ko bhI yApanIya mAnanA hogA / sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki usameM jo kucha yApanIya paramparA ke virodha kA aMza hai vaha prakSipta aMza hai / kyoMki usameM hue prakSepoM ko to paM0 phulacandajI aura paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI jaise diggaja vidvAn pUrva meM hI svIkAra kara cuke haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA 'ArAdhanA' yA 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' yApanIya paramparA kA eka aura mahatvapUrNa grantha hai / isake racayitA zivArya haiM / grantha ke anta meM granthakAra ne svayaM likhA hai ki "Arya jinanaMdI gaNi, AyaM sarvagupta gaNi aura Arya mitranaMdI ke caraNoM ke nikaTa sUtroM aura unake abhiprAya ko acchI taraha se samajha karake pUrvAcAryoM dvArA nibaddha kI huI racanAoM ke AdhAra se pANitala bhojI zivAyaM ne yaha ArAdhanA apanI zakti ke anusAra racI / granthakarttA ne apane aura apane tInoM guruoM ke lie 'Arya' vizeSaNa 1. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bhAga 1 prastAvanA, pR0 47-49 / 2. ajjajiNaNaMdigaNi savvagutta gaNi-ajja mittaNaMdINaM / avagamiya pAdamUle sammaM suttaM ca atyaM ca // puvvAyariyaNibaddhA uvajIvittA imA sasattIe / ArAdhanA sivajjeNa pANidalabhoiNA raidA // chadumatthadAe ettha dujaM baddhaM hojja pavayaNaviruddhaM / sodheMtu sugIdatthA pavayaNa vacchaladAe du // ArAdhaNA bhagavatI evaM bhattIe vaNNidA saMtI / saMghassa sivajjassa ya samAdhivaramuttamaM deu // bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 121 kA prayoga kiyA hai| sAtha hI jiNanandI aura sarvagupta ko gaNi bhI kahA hai| mathurA evaM vidizA ke abhilekhoM evaM kalpa tathA nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM se hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI taka muniyoM ke nAmoM ke Age 'Arya' tathA sAdhvI ke lie 'AryA' zabda ke prayoga kA pracalana thA tathA AcArya ko gaNi zabda se abhisUcita kiyA jAtA thA / ' vidizA ke abhilekha meM to Aryakula kA bhI ullekha hai / yaha AyaMkula yApanIya thA-yaha bAta hama pUrva meM batA cuke haiN| vidizA ke eka abhilekha meM Aryacandra ke lie 'pANitala bhojI' vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai| ArAdhanA meM zivArya ne bhI apane lie 'pANitala bhojI' kA vizeSaNa prayoga kiyA hai / ataH donoM eka hI paramparA ke pratIta hote haiN| muni ke nAma ke sAtha 'Arya' vizeSaNa kA prayoga zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAoM meM lagabhaga chaThI-sAtavIM zatI taka pracalita rahA hai, jabaki 'digambara paramparA meM isakA prayoga nahIM dekhA jAtA hai / zivArya ke sAtha lage hue 'vAya' aura 'pANitala bhojI' vizeSaNa unheM yApanIya Aryakula se sambandhita siddha karate haiN| unake guruoM ke nandi nAmAntaka nAmoM ke AdhAra para bhI unakA sambandha yApanIya paramparA ke nandIsaMgha se mAnA jA sakatA hai| jinasena ne apane AdipurANa meM inheM zivakoTi kahA hai| yadyapi kucha digambara granthoM meM zivakoTi ko samantabhadra kA ziSya batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| kintu yaha mata bhrAmaka hai| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne isa mata kA apane 'ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkA' nAmaka lekha meM vistArapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai / zAkaTAyana ne zivAyaM ke guru savaMgupta ko bar3A bhArI vyAkhyAtA batAyA hai| cUMki zAkaTAyana bhI yApanIya haiN| ataH 1. dekheM-jainazilAlekhasaMgraha bhAga 2 (mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, lekha kramAMka 16, 22, 24, 26, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 41, 45, 51, 54, 55, 56, 59 / 2. dekheM-vahI, lekha kramAMka 91 / 3. jarnala Apha oriyanTala insTiTyUTa bar3audA, jilda 18 (san 1969) pR0 247-51, thrI inskripzansa Apha rAmagupta-jI0 esa0 ghii| 4. AdipurANa (jinasena) 1/49 / 5. dekheM-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 76 / 6. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 76-77 /

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122 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya zivArya ke guru ke sambandha meM unakI jAnakArI prAmANika hai| isa AdhAra para sarvagupta aura zivArya yApanIya paramparA se hI sambaddha siddha hote haiN|' punaH bhagavatIArAdhanA aura usakI vijayodayA TIkA ke sandarbha meM apanA mata prakaTa karate hue paM0 kailAzacandra jI apane pradhAna sampAdakIya meM likhate haiM ki "bhagavatI ArAdhanA grantha jaina sAdhu ke AcAra se sambaddha eka prAcIna grantha hai aura usakI TIkA vijayodayA bhI isa dRSTi se apanA vizeSa mahatva rakhatI hai| ye donoM eka tIsare sampradAya ke mAne jAte haiM, jo na digambara thA na zvetAmbara / digambara sampradAya Agama granthoM ko mAnya nahIM karatA hai aura zvetAmbara sampradAya sAdhuoM ke vastrapAdavAda Adi kA samarthaka hI nahIM, kintu poSaka hai / kintu isa grantha aura TIkA se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki eka ora inake racayitA Agama granthoM ko mAnya karate the to dUsarI ora ve vastrapAtravAda ke ghora virodhI pratIta hote haiM / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki ve aise sampradAya ke anuyAyI haiM, jo na Agama granthoM ko amAnya hI karatA hai aura na vastrapAtravAda ko. svIkAra hI karatA hai| aisA sampradAya yApanIya hI ho sakatA hai / isa satya ko svIkAra karake bhI apane sampradAya ke vyAmoha meM Age paMDita jI likhate haiM ki "isa grantha meM na to strI mukti kA hI samarthana hai aura na kevalI mukti kA, pratyuta anta meM strI se bhI vastra tyAga karAne kI isameM carcA hai aura yApanIya saMgha kI ye donoM mAnyatAeM batalAyI jAtI haiN| kintu hama yaha nahIM mAna sakate ki isa grantha ke kartA aura TIkAkAra savastra mukti yA strI mukti ke samarthaka hoNge| Azcarya yaha hai ki AdaraNIya paMDita jI eka ora spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki yaha grantha eka aise sampradAya kA grantha hai jo na digambara thA aura na zvetAmbara / ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki aisA sampradAya yApanIya hI ho sakatA hai| yApanIya strImukti aura kevalImukti kA samarthana karate the-yaha tathya bhI ve svayaM tathA anya vidvAn svIkAra karate haiM / yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ne to svayaM hI strImukti-kevalImukti prakaraNa likhA hai / kintu yaha dekhakara ki isa grantha meM spaSTa rUpa se strImukti aura kevalIbhukti kI carcA nahIM hai, ve isa grantha, usake kartA aura TIkAkAra ko savastra 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 77 / 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA (zolApura), pradhAna sampAdakIya, pR0 1 / 3. vahI, pR01|

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yApanIya sAhitya : 123 mukti yA strI mukti ke samarthaka arthAt yApanIya hone meM sandeha prakaTa karate haiM / ve likhate haiM ki hameM ve ( aparAjitasUri ) savastra mukti yA stro mukti ke samarthaka pratIta nahIM hue / sambhavataH paMDita jI isa aitihAsika tathya para dhyAna nahIM de pAye ki strI mukti aura kevalI mukti ke prazna hI 6-7vIM sadI ke pUrva kisI bhI zvetAmbara - digambara grantha meM carcita nahIM-haiM / digambara paramparA meM sarvaprathama kundakunda ne suttapAhuDa meM strI mukti kA niSedha kiyA hai, kintu vidvAnoM ne prathama to suttapAhuDa ke kundakundakRta hone meM hI sandeha prakaTa kiyA dUsare ve kundakunda ko chaThI zatI pUrva kA nahIM mAnate haiM / yApanIya mAnyatAoM kI carcA karate hue agrima adhyAya meM hamane isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA kI hai / ataH bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM strI mukti aura kevalI bhukti kA ullekha na dekhakara use eka tIsarI paramparA kA grantha kahate hue bhI use yApanIya paramparA kA nahIM mAnanA, AdaraNIya paMDita jI ke sAmpradAyika abhi-niveza kA hI sUcaka hai / jaba mUlagrantha meM yaha carcA hI nahIM thI to TIkA-kAra aparAjita ne bhI use nahIM uThAyA, kintu isase ve strI mukti ke virodhI nahIM kahe jA sakate haiM / yApanIyoM ke atirikta aisA koI bhI jaina-sampradAya nahIM thA, jo acelatA kA samarthaka hote hue bhI AgamoM ko mAnya kara rahA thA / yadi strI mukti aura kevalI bhukti kA spaSTa samarthana yA niSedha hI usa grantha ke kisI sampradAya vizeSa se sambandhita hone kA AdhAra ho to phira aneka grantha jinheM Aja digambara paramparA apanA grantha mAna rahI hai, unheM digambara paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAnanA hogA / kundakunda ke hI samayasAra, niyamasAra paMcAstikAya meM strI-mukti aura kevala bhukti kA khaNDana nahIM milatA hai| kyA isake abhAva meM inake digambara AcArya dvArA racita hone meM koI saMdeha kiyA jAnA cAhie ? zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paramparA ke prAcIna aneka grantha aise haiM jinameM ina donoM avadhAraNAoM ke samarthana yA niSedha ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA gayA hai / mAtra strI-mukti aura kevalI - bhukti kI samarthaka gAthAoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa use yApanIya mAnane se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / paMDita nAthUrAma premI ne apane lekha 'yApanIyoM kA sAhitya * meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartAzivAyaM aura TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri yApanIya the / isa sambandha meM hama 1. vahI, pR0 30 /

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- 124 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya unake tarkoM ko unake hI zabdoM meM yathAvata rUpa meM prastuta kara rahe haiM / ve likhate haiM ki aparAjita ke viSaya meM vicAra karate samaya mUla bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI kucha bAteM aisI milI haiM jinase usake kartA zivArya bhI yApanIya saMgha ke mAlUma hote haiM / dekhie - 1. isa grantha kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki Arya jinanandi gaNi, AyaM sarvagupta gaNi aura Arya mitranandi gaNi ke caraNoM meM acchI taraha sUtra aura unakA artha samajhakara aura pUrvAcAryoM kI racanA ko upajIvya banAkara 'pANitalabhojI' zivAyaM ne yaha ArAdhanA rcii|' hama logoM ke lie prAyaH ye sabhI nAma aparicita haiM / aparAjita kI paramparA ke samAna yaha paramparA bhI digambara sampradAya ko kisI paTTAvalI yA gurvAvalI meM nahIM milatI / isa dhAraNA ke sahI hone kA bhI koI puSTa aura nirbhrAnta pramANa abhI taka nahIM milA ki ve zivakoTi aura zivArya eka hI haiM, jo samantabhadra ke ziSya the| jo kucha pramANa isa sambandha meM diye jAte haiM, ve bahuta pIche ke gar3he hue mAlUma hote haiM / 3 aura to aura, svayaM zivArya hI yaha svIkAra nahIM karate ki maiM samantabhadra kA ziSya hU~ / 2. aparAjitasUri yadi yApanIya saMgha ke the to adhika saMbhava yahI hai ki unhoMne apane hI sampradAya ke grantha kI TIkA kI hai| 3. ArAdhanA kI gAthAyeM kAphI tAdAda meM zvetAmbara sUtroM meM milatI haiM, isase zivArya ke isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai ki pUrvAcAryoM kI racI 1. ajjajiNaNaMdigaNiajjamitta gaMdINaM / avagamiyapAyamUle sammaM sutaM ca atthaM ca // 2161 puvvAyariyaNivaddhA upajIvittA imA sasattIe / ArAhaNA sivajjeNa pANidalabhoiNA raidA // 2162 2. ApanIya saMgha ke muniyoM meM kIrtinAmAnta adhikatA se hai - jaise pAlyakIrti, ravikIrti, vijayakIrti, dharmakIrti, Adi / nandi, gupta, candra, nAmAnta bhI kAphI haiM jaise- jinanandi, mitranandi, sarvagupta, nAgacandra, nemicandra / 3. dekho Age ke pRSThoM meM 'ArAdhanA aura usakI TIkAyeM' / 4. anantakIrti - granthamAlA meM prakAzita 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA vacanikA' ke anta meM una gAthAoM kI eka sUcI dI hai jo mUlAcAra aura ArAdhanA meM ekasI haiM aura paM0 sukhalAlajIdvArA sampAdita 'paMca pratikramaNa sUtra' meM mUlAcAra kI sUcI dI hai jo bhadrabAhukRta 'Avazyakaniyukti' meM bhI haiM /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 125. huI gAthAyeM unakI upajIvya haiM / 4. jina tIna guruoM ke caraNoM meM baiThakara unhoMne ArAdhanA racI hai, unameM se 'sarvagupta gaNi' zAyada vahI haiM, jinake viSaya meM zAkaTAyana kI amoghavRtti meM likhA hai ki "upasarvaguptaM vyaakhyaataarH|" 1-3-104 / arthAt sAre vyAkhyAtA yA TIkAkAra sarvagupta se pIche haiM / cU~ ki zAkaTAyana yApanIya saMgha ke the isalie sambhava yahI hai ki sarvagupta yApanIya saMgha ke hI sUtroM yA AgamoM ke vyAkhyAtA hoN| 5. zivArya ne apane ko 'pANitalabhojI' arthAt hatheliyoM para bhojana karanevAlA kahA hai| yaha vizeSaNa unhoMne apane ko zvetAmbara sampradAya se alaga prakaTa karane ke lie diyA hai| yApanIya sAdhu hAtha para hI bhojana karate the| 6. ArAdhanA kI 1132 vI gAthA meM 'medassa muNNissa akkhANaM" (metAryamunerAkhyAnam) arthAt metArya muni kI kathA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| paM0 sadAsukhajI ne apanI vanikA meM isa pada kA artha hI nahIM kiyA hai| yahI hAla naI hindI TIkA ke kartA paM0 jinadAsa zAstrI kA hai| saMskRta TIkAkAra paM0 AzAdhara ne to isa gAthA kI vizeSa TIkA isalie nahIM kI ki vaha sugama hai parantu amitagati ne isakA saMskRtAnuvAda karanA kyoM chor3a diyA ? ve metArya ke AkhyAna se paricita nahIM the, zAyada isI kaarnn| metAryamani kI kathA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bahuta prasiddha haiN| ve eka cANDAlinI ke lar3ake the parantu kisI seTha ke ghara pale the| atyanta dayAzIla the| eka dina ve eka sunAra ke yahA~ bhikSA ke lie gye| usane apanI dUkAna meM usI samaya sone ke jo banAkara rakkhe the| vaha bhikSA lAne ke lie bhItara gayA aura muni vahIM dUkAna meM khar3e rahe jahAM jo rakkhe the| itane meM eka kauMca ( sArasa ) pakSI ne Akara ve jo cuga liye| sunAra ko sandeha huA ki muni ne hI jI curA liye haiN| muni ne pakSI ko cugate to dekha liyA parantu isa bhaya se nahIM kahA ki yadi saca bAta mAlUma ho jAyagI to sunAra sArasa ko mAra DAlegA aura usake peTa meM se apane jo nikAla legaa| para isase sunAra ko sandeha ho gayA ki yaha kAma muni kA hI hai, isane hI jau curAye haiN| taba usane unheM bahuta kaSTa diyA aura anta meM bhIge camar3e meM kasa diyaa| isase unakA zarIrAnta 1. dekho Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 867-70 /

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126 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ho gayA aura unhoMne kevala jJAna prApta kiyA / hariSeNakRta kathAkoza -meM metArya muni kI kathA hai, parantu usameM zvetAmbara kathA se bahuta bhinnatA hai / gAthA 6 kI vijayodayA TIkA meM likhA hai - " saMskAritAbhyantaratasAiti vA asambaddhaM / antareNApi bAhyatapo'nuSThAnaM antarmuhUrtamAtre-NAdhigata ratnatrayANAM bhaddaNarAjaprabhRtInAM purudevasya bhagavataH ziSyANAM nirvANagamanamAgame pratItameva / ' yaha bhaddaNarAja Adi kI antarmuhUrta meM nirvANa prApti kI kathA bhI digambara sAhitya meM ajJAta hai / isI taraha gAthA 17 kI TIkA meM bhI haiM - bhaddaNAdayo rAjaputrAstasminneva bhave trasatAmApannAH ataevAnAdimithyAdRSTayaH prathama jinapAdamUle zrutadharmaM sArAH samAropita ratnatrayAH / 7. daza sthitikalpoM ke nAmavAlI gAthA jisakI TIkA para aparAjita ko yApanIya siddha kiyA gayA hai, jItakalpa- bhASya kI 1972 naM0 kI gAthA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya kI anya TIkAoM aura niyuktiyoM meM bhI yaha milatI hai aura prabhAcandra ne apane prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke strI-muktivicAra ( nayA eDIzana pR0 131) prakaraNa meM isakA ullekha zvetAmbara siddhAnta ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai"nAcAkyaM neSyate ( Apa 'rAyapiMDa kikimme' ityAdeH puruSaM tadupadezAt / " ISyateva ) 'Acelakkudde siya- sejjAharaprati dazavidhasya sthitikalpasya madhye ArAdhanA kI 662 aura 663 navambara kI gAthAyeM bhI digambara sampradAya ke sAtha mela nahIM khAtI haiM / unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki labdhiyukta aura mAyAcArarahita cAra muni glAnirahita hokara kSapaka ke yogya nirdoSa bhojana aura pAnaka ( peya ) lAveM / isa para paM0 sadAsukhajI ne Apatti kI hai aura likhA hai ki "yaha bhojana lAne kI bAta pramANa rUpa nAhIM / " isI taraha 'sejjAgAsaNisejjA' Adi gAthA para ( jo mUlAcAra meM bhI 1. cattArijaNA bhattaM uvakappaMti agilAe pAoggaM / chaDiyamavagadadosaM amAiNo laddhisaMpaNNA / / 662 // cattArijaNA pANayamuvakappaMti agilAe pAoggaM / chaMDiyamavagadado saM amAiNo laddhisaMpaNNA / / 663 // 2. sejjagAsaNisejjA uvahIpaDilehaNA uvagmahide | AhArosayavAyaNavikiMcaNuvvattaNAdIsu // 305

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yApanIya sAhitya : 127 391 naM0 para hai ) kavivara vRndAvanadAsajI ko zaMkA huI thI aura usakA samAdhAna karane ke lie dIvAna amaracanda jI ko patra likhA thA / dIvAna jI ne uttara diyA thA ki "isameM vaiyAvRtti karane vAlA muni AhAra Adi se mani kA upakAra kare; parantu yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai ki AhAra svayaM hAtha se banAkara de| muni kI aisI caryA AcArAMga meM nahIM batalAI hai|" 8. gAthA 1123 naM0 ko 'desAmisiya suttaM' meM 'tAlapalaMbasutammi' pada meM jisa sUtra kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha kalpasUtra ( bRhatkalpa ) kA hai jisakA prArambha hai 'tAlapalaMbaM Na kppdi'| isakI vijayodayA TIkA meM, 'tathA coktaM' kahakara kalpa kI do gAthAyeM aura dI haiM aura ve hI AzAdhara ne 'kalpe' kahakara uddhRta kI haiN| 9. gAthA 79-83 meM muni ke utsagaM aura apavAda mArga kA vidhAna hai jisake anusAra muni vastra dhAraNa kara sakatA hai-"vasanasahitaliMgadhAriNo hi vastrakhaMDAdikaM zodhanIyaM mahat / itarasya picchAdimAtraM / " 10. gAthA 79-80-81 meM zivAyaM ne bhakta pratyAkhyAna ke prasaMga meM kahA hai ki utsargaliMga vAle ( vastrahIna ) ko to jo ki bhakta pratyAkhyAna karanA cAhatA hai utsaliMga hI cAhie parantu jo apavAdaliMgI ( savastra ) hai, use bhI utsargaliMga hI prazasta kahA hai, arthAt use bhI nagna ho jAnA cAhie aura jisake liMgasambandhI tIna doSa dunivAra hoM use vasati meM saMstarArUDha hone para utsargaliMga dhAraNa karanA caahie| bahatkalpasUtra, Avazyakaniyukti, bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAyeM eka sI haiN| sAdhu ke mRtaka saMskAra kI gAthAyeM khAsa taura se ullekhanIya haiN| 11. ArAdhanA kA cAlIsavA~ 'vijahanA' nAma kA adhikAra bhI vilakSaNa aura abhUtapUrva hai, jisameM muni ke mRta zarIra ko rAtri-bhara jAgaraNa karake rakhane kI aura dUsare dina kisI acche sthAna meM vaise hI ( binA jalAye ) chor3a Ane kI vidhi varNita hai / yaha pArasI logoM jaisI vidhi anya kisI digambara grantha meM abhI taka dekhane meM nahIM aaii| 12. nambara 1544 kI gAthA meM kahA hai ki ghora avamodarya yA alpa 1. dekho, 'ArAdhanA aura usakI ttiikaayeN| 2. bhagavatI bArAdhanAvacanikAkI bhUmikA, pR0 12-13 /

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128 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya bhojana ke kaSTa se binA saMkleza buddhi ke bhadrabAhu muni uttama sthAna ko prApta hue| parantu digambara sampradAya kI kisI bhI kathA meM bhadrabAhu kA isa Unodara-kaSTa se samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha nahIM hai| 13. naM0 428 kI gAthA' meM AdhAravatva guNa ke dhAraka AcArya ko 'kappavabahAradhArI' vizeSaNa diyA hai aura kalpa-vyavahAra, nizIthasUtra, zvetAmbara sampradAya meM prasiddha grantha haiM / isI taraha 407 nambara kI gAthA meM niryApaka guru kI khoja ke lie parasaMgha meM jAne vAle muni kI 'AyArajIda-kappaguNadIvaNA' hotI hai| vijayodayA TIkA meM isa pada kA artha kiyA hai, 'AcArasya jItasaMjJitasya kalpasya gunnprkaashnaa|' aura AzAdhara kI TIkA meM likhA hai, 'AcArasya jIdasya kalpasya ca guNaprakAzanA / etAni hi zAstrANi ratnatrayatAmeva darzayanti / ' paM0 jinadAsa zAstrI ne hindI artha meM likhA hai ki AcArazAstra, jItazAstra aura kalpazAstra inake guNoM kA prakAzana hotA hai|' arthAt tInoM ke mata se ina nAmoM ke zAstra haiM aura yaha kahane kI jarUrata nahIM ki AcArAMga aura jItakalpa zvetAmbara sampradAya meM haiN| 1. omodarie ghorAe bhaddabAhU asaMkiliTThamadI / ghorAe tigiMchAe paDi vaNNo uttamaM ThANaM // 1544 2. codasa-dasa-Nava-pulvI matAmadI sAyarovva gaMbhIro / kappavahAraghArI hodi hu AdhAravaM NAma / / AyArajIdakappaguNadIvaNA attsodhinijjhNjhaa| ajjava-maddava-lAghava-tuTThI palhAdaNaM ca guNA // yahI gAthA jarAse pAThAntara ke sAtha 130 3 nambara para bhI hai| usameM 'tuTThI palhAdaNaM ca guNA' kI jagaha 'bhattI palhAdakaraNaM ca' pATha hai / 130 vIM gAthA (pR0 304) meM bhI 'AyArajIdakappaguNadIvaNA' pada hai| isakA artha vijayodayA meM kiyA hai-"prathamamaMgamAcArazabdenocyate / AcArazAstranirdiSTakramaH AcArajIdazabdena ucyate / kalpyate abhidhIyate yena aparAghAnuparo daNDaH saMkalpastasya guNaH upakArastena nirvaya'tvAt / anayoH prakAzanaM aayaarjiidkppgunndiivnnaa|" 59vIM gAthA (pR0 797) meMNavamammiya jaM pugve bhaNide kappe taheva vvhaaro| aMgesu sesaesu ca paiNNae cAvi taM diNNaM / 622vIM gAthA (pR0 824 ) meM 'chedasudajANagagaNI se chedasUtrajJaH /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 129 tIsarIgAthA ko vijayodayA TIkA-'anuyogadvArAdInAM bahUnAmupanyAsamakRtvA diGmAtropanyAsaH' Adi meM anuyogadvArasUtra kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ( gAthA 116 pR0 277 ) 'paMcavadANi jadINaM' Adi Avazyaka sUtra kI gAthA uddhRta kI hai| ___ 499 vIM gAthA kI vijayodayA meM "aMgabAhya vA bahuvidhavibhatte sAmAyikaM caturviMzatIstavo, vaMdanA, pratikramaNaM, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavekAlika, uttarAdhyayanaM, kalpavyavahAraH kalpaM mahAkalpaM, puNDarIkaM mahApuNDarIka ityAdinAM vicitrabhedena vibhkto|" 1123 vIM gAthA kI TIkA"tathA coktaM kalpe-harita taNo sahigucchA" Adi / ina saba bAtoM se siddha hai ki zivAyaM bhI yApanIya saMgha ke haiN| isa taraha kI aura bhI aneka bAteM mUla grantha meM haiM jo digambara sampradAya ke sAtha mela nahIM khaatii|" bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hone ke sambandha meM digambara paramparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn paM0 nAthurAmajI premI ke uparyukta AdhAroM ke atirikta eka anya mahatvapUrNa AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki usameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya prakIrNakoM se aneka gAthAyeM haiN| paM0 kailAza candra jI ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI apanI bhUmikA meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| jina prakIrNakoM kI gAthAyeM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM milatI haiM unameM AurapaccakkhANa, bhattapariNNaya saMthAraga, maraNa samAhI pramukha haiM / yadyapi paNDitajI gAthAoM kI isa samAnatA ko to sUcita karate haiM-phira bhI ve spaSTa rUpa se yaha nahIM kahate haiM ki ina granthoM se ye gAthAyeM lI gaI haiN| vastutaH ina gAthAoM ke AdAna-pradAna ke sambandha meM tIna vikalpa ho sakate haiM / yA to ye gAthAyeM bhagavatI ArAdhanA se ina granthoM meM gaI hoM yA phira bhagavatI ArAdhanAkAra ne ina granthoM se ye gAthAyeM lI hoM athavA ye gAthAyeM donoM kI eka hI pUrva paramparA se calI A rahI hoM, jinheM donoM ne liyA ho| isameM prathama vikalpa hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA se ina granthakAroM ne ye gAthAyeM lI hoM, yaha isaliye sambhava nahIM hai ki ye grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI apekSA prAcIna haiN| nando, mUlAcAra Adi meM inameM se kucha granthoM ke ullekha milate haiM-punaH ina granthoM meM guNasthAna jaise vikasita 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA (paM0 kailAzacaMda jI), bhUmikA pR0

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130 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya siddhAnta kA bhI nirdeza nahIM hai| jabaki bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM vaha siddhAMta upasthita hai| tIsare yaha spaSTa hai ki ye grantha AkAra meM laghu haiM jabaki ArAdhanA eka vizAlakAya grantha hai| yaha sunizcita hai ki prAcIna stara ke grantha prAyaH AkAra meM laghu hote haiM, kyoMki unheM maukhika rUpa se yAda rakhanA hotA thA, ataH ve ArAdhanA kI apekSA pUrvavartI haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM vijahanA (mRtaka ke zarIra ko jaMgala meM rakha dene) kI jo carcA hai vaha prakIrNakoM meM to nahIM hai kintu bhASya aura cUrNi meM hai| ataH prastuta ArAdhanA bhASya cUrNiyoM ke kAla kI racanA rahI hogii| ataH yaha prazna to uThatA hI nahIM hai ki gAthAyeM ArAdhanA se ina prakIrNakoM meM gaI haiN| yadi hama yaha svIkAra na bhI kareM ki ye gAthAyeM zvetAmbara sAhitya se ArAdhanA meM lI gaI haiM to yaha to mAnanA hI hogA ki donoM kI koI sAmAnya parva paramparA thI, jahA~ se donoM ne ye gAthAyeM lI haiM aura sAmAnya pUrva paramparA zvetAmbara aura yApanIya (boTika) kI thI, kyoMki donoM Agama, prakIrNaka aura niyukti sAhitya ke samAna rUpa se uttarAdhikArI rahe haiN| ataH bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM AurapaccakkhANa, bhattapariNA, saMthAraga, maraNasamAhi evaM niyukti Adi kI anekoM gAthAoM ko upasthiti yaha siddha karatI hai ki vaha yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai| yaha bAta to aneka digambara vidvAn bhI mAna rahe haiM ki mUlAcAra aura ArAdhanA meM anekoM gAthAyeM samAna haiM aura mUlAcAra meM gAthAyeM AurapaccakkhANa, mahApaccakkhANa, niyukti Adi zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya granthoM se hI uddhRta haiN| mUlAcAra aura usakI paramparA mUlAcAra ko vartamAna digambara jaina paramparA meM Agama sthAnIya grantha ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAtA hai| yaha grantha mukhyataH acela paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra se sambandhita hai| yaha bhI nirvivAda satya hai ki digambara paramparA meM isa grantha kA utanA hI mahatva hai jitanA ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArAMga kA / yahI kAraNa hai ki dhavalA aura jayadhavalA ( dazavIM zatAbdI ) meM isakI gAthAoM ko AcArAMga ko gAthA kahakara uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM jaba AcArAMga ko lupta mAna liyA gayA to usake sthAna para mUlAcAra ko hI AcArAMga ke rUpa meM dekhA jAne lgaa| vastutaH AcArAMga ke prAcInatama

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yApanIya sAhitya : 131 aMza prathama zrutaskaMdha meM acelatA kA pratipAdana hote hue bhI muni ke vastra grahaNa 'sambandhI kucha ullekha, phira cAhe ve ApavAdika sthiti ke kyoM na hoM, pAye hI jAte haiM / yahI kAraNa thA ki acelakatva para atyadhika bala dene vAlI digambara paramparA apane sampradAya meM mAnya na rakha sakI aura usake sthAna para mUlAcAra ko hI apanI paramparA kA muni AcAra sambandhI grantha mAna liyA / AryikA jJAnamatI jI ne bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita mUlAcAra kI bhUmikA meM yaha likhA hai ki AcArAMga ke AdhAra para caudaha sau gAthAoM meM granthakartA ne isa grantha kI racanA kI; kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yaha grantha AcArAMga aura vizeSa rUpa se usake prAcInatama aMza prathama zrutaskaMdha ke AdhAra para to bilakula hI nahIM likhA hai / jina granthoM ke AdhAra para mUlAcAra kI racanA huI hai ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya bRhat pratyAkhyAna, AturapratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka niryukti, jIvasamAsa Adi haiM jinakI saikar3oM gAthAe~ zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa ke sAtha isameM gRhIta kI gaI haiN| vastutaH mUlAcAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya niyuktiyoM evaM prakIrNaMkoM kI viSayavastu evaM sAmagrI se nirmita hai / yadyapi hameM spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki yaha grantha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhie / kyoMki isameM acelakatva para jitanA adhika bala diyA gayA hai utanA zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArAMga ko chor3akara kisI bhI AcAraparaka grantha meM nahIM milatA / ise zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha mAnane meM dUsarI kaThinAI yaha hai ki isakI bhASA na to ardhamAgadhI hai aura na mahArASTrI prAkRta hI; vastutaH isameM ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racita zvetAmbara mAnya Agama granthoM kI saikar3oM gAthAeM zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa meM milatI haiM / kintu isa AdhAra para ise zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki abhI taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA koI bhI grantha zaurasenI prAkRta meM likhA gayA jJAta nahIM hotA / yaha spaSTa satya hai ki zaurasenI prAkRta meM lekhana kAryaM mukhyataH acela paramparA meM hI huA hai, kintu kucha aise tathya haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha digambara paramparA kA grantha hai / sarvaprathama to isameM AryikA ko zramaNa ke samakakSa mAnakara usakI mukti kA jo vidhAna 1. mUlAcAra ( sa 0 jJAnamatI mAtAjI - bhAratIya jJAnapITha), bhUmikA, pR0 /

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132 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kiyA gayA hai vaha ise digambara grantha mAnane meM bAdhA utpanna karatA hai| digambara paramparA ke bahuzruta vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne aneka tarkoM ke AdhAra para kahA hai ki yaha digambara paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai| ataH yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki yadi mUlAcAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM se kisI paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai to phira kisa paramparA kA grantha hai ? yaha spaSTataH satya hai ki yaha grantha acelakatA Adi ke sambandha meM digambara paramparA ke nikaTa hai kintu strI-dIkSA, strI-mukti, AgamoM ko mAnya karane Adi kucha bAtoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA se bhI samAnatA rakhatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki yaha grantha eka aisI paramparA kA grantha hai jo kucha rUpa meM zvetAmbaroM aura kucha rUpa meM digambaroM se samAnatA rakhatI thii| DaoN. upAdhye, paM0 nAthUrAma premI ke lekhoM evaM prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhIya tathA sAhityika sAkSyoM ke adhyayana se aba yaha spaSTa ho gayA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambaroM ke bIca eka yojaka setu kA kAma karane vAlI 'yApanIya' nAma kI eka tIsarI paramparA bhI bhI thii| hama pUrva meM yaha bhI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki yApanIya paramparA jahA~ acelakatva para bala dene ke kAraNa digambara paramparA ke nikaTa thI vahIM strImukti, kevalImukti aura AgamoM kI upasthiti, ApavAdika rUpa meM vastra evaM pAtra kA upayoga Adi bAtoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke nikaTa thii| mUlAcAra kI racanA isI paramparA meM huI hai, isa sambandha meM kucha adhika vistAra se carcA kareM bahuzruta digambara vidvAna paM0 nAthUrAma jI 'premI' ne ise yApanIya paramparA kA grantha mAnA hai, isa sambandha meM ve likhate haiM ki "mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yaha grantha kundakunda kA to nahIM hI hai, unakI vicAra paramparA kA bhI nahIM hai, balki yaha usa paramparA kA jAna par3atA hai, jisameM zivArya aura aparAjita hue haiM / kucha bArIkI se adhyayana karane se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| 1-mUlAcAra aura bhagavatIArAdhanA kI pacAsoM gAthAyeM eka-sI aura samAna abhiprAya prakaTa karane vAlI haiM / 2-mUlAcAra 'Acelakkuddesiya' Adi 909vIM gAthA bhagavatIArAdhanA kA 421vIM gAthA hai| isameM dasa sthiti kalpoM ke nAma haiN| jItakalpabhASya kI 1972vIM gAthA bhI yahI hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anya TIkAgranthoM aura niyuktiyoM meM bhI yaha hai / prameyakamalamArtaNDa 'strI

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yAMpanIya sAhitya : 133 muktivicAra' meM prabhAcanda ne isakA ullekha zvetAmbara siddhAnta ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / 3 - mUlAcAra kI 'sejjogAsaNisejjA' Adi 391vIM gAthA aura ArAdhanA kI 305vIM gAthA eka hI hai / isameM kahA hai ki vaiyAvRtti karane vAlA muni rugNa muni kA AhAra auSadhi Adi se upakAra kare / isI gAthA ke viSaya meM kavi vRndAvanadAsa ko zaMkA huI thI aura usakA nivAraNa karane ke lie unhoMne dIvAna amaracandajI ko patra likhA thA / samAcAra adhikArI 'gacche vejjAvaccaM' Adi 174vIM gAthA kI TIkA meM bhI vaiyAvRtti kA artha zArIrika pravRtti aura AhArAdi se upakAra karanA likhA hai - ' vejjAvacca vaiyAvRtyaM kAyikavyApArAhArAdibhirUpa grahaNam / ' 4 - bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 412vIM gAthA ke samAna isakI bhI 387 vIM gAthA' meM AcAra - jIta - kalpa granthoM kA ullekha hai jo yApanIya aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke haiM aura upalabdha bhI haiM / 9- gAthA 277-78-79 meM kahA hai ki saMyamI muni aura AryikAoM ko cAra prakAra ke sUtra kAlazuddhi Adi ke binA na par3hanA caahie| inase anya ArAdhanA, niryukti, maraNavibhakti, saMgraha, stuti, pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka aura dharmakathA Adi par3hanA caahie| ye saba grantha mUlAcAra ke kartA ke samakSa the, parantu kundakunda kI paramparA ke sAhitya meM ina nAmoM ke grantha upalabdha nahIM haiM / 6 - mUlAcAra kI ' bAvIsa titthaparA" aura saSaDikkamaNo dhammo ina do gAthAoM meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, vaha kundakunda kI paramparA meM anyatra kahIM nahIM kahA gayA hai / ye hI do gAthAe~ bhadrabAhukRta Avazyaka niryukti meM haiM aura vaha zvetAmbara grantha hai / 1. AyArajI dakappaguNadIvaNA appasoghi NijjhaMjhA / ajjava maddava- lAghava-vuTTI palhAdaNaM ca guNA // 387 2. ArAhaNaNijjattI maraNavibhattI ya saMgahatthudio / paccakkhANAvAsaya dhammakahAo ya erasio / / 279 uvadisaMti / 3. bAvIsaM tittha parA sAmAiyasaMyamaM chetrAvaNiyaM puNa bhayavaM usaho usaho ya vIro ya / / 7-36 4. sapaDikkamaNo dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa jiNassa / avarAhapaDikkamaNaM majjhimayANaM jiNavarANaM / / 7-19.

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134 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 7-Avazyakaniyukti kI lagabhaga 80 gAthAyeM mUlAcAra meM milatI haiM aura mUlAcAra meM pratyeka Avazyaka kA kathana karate samaya baTTakeri kA yaha kahanA ki maiM prastuta Avazyaka para samAsa se-saMkSepa se-niyukti kahU~gA', avazya hI arthasUcaka hai| kyoMki sampUrNa mUlAcAra meM 'SaDAvazyaka adhikAra' ko chor3akara anya prakaraNoM meM niyukti' zabda zAyada hI kahIM AyA ho / SaDAvazyaka ke anta meM bhI isa adhyAya ko 'niyukti' nAma se hI nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| 8-mUlAcAra meM muniyoM ke lie 'virata' aura AryikAoM ke lie 'virato' zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / (gAthA 180) / muni-AryikA, zrAvaka-zrAvikA milakara carvidha saMgha hotA hai| cauthe samAcAra adhikAra meM (gAthA 187) kahA hai ki abhI taka kahA huA yaha yathAkhyAtapUrva samAcAra AryikAoM ke lie bhI yathAyogya jaannaa| isakA artha yaha huA ki granthakartA muniyoM aura AryikAoM ko eka hI zreNI meM rakhate haiM (jaba ki A0 kundakunda strI pravajyA niSedha karate haiM / 5) phira 166vIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki isa prakAra kI caryA jo muni aura AryikAyeM karatI haiM ve jagatpUjA, korti aura sukha prApta karake 'siddha' hotI haiM / 184vIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki AryikAoM kA gaNadhara gambhIra durdharSa alpakautUhala, cirapravajita aura gRhItArtha honA caahie| isase jAna par3atA hai ki AryikA muni saMgha ke hI antargata haiM aura unakA gaNadhara muni hI hotA hai| 'gaNadharo maryAdopadezakaH pratikramaNAdyAcAryaH' (ttiikaa)| ina saba bAtoM se mUlAcAra kundakunda paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAlUma 1. dekhie, paM0 sukhalAla saMdhavIkRta 'pNcprtikrmnnsuutr'| 2. 'AvAsayaNijjuttI vocchAmi jahAkama smaasennaa|' 'samADayaNijjuttI esA kahiyA mae samAseNa / ' 'cauvIsayaNijjuttI esA kahiyA mae samAseNa' Adi / 1. AvAsayaNijjuttI evaM kadhidA samAsao vihinnaa| 4. eso ajjANaMpi a samAcAro jahAkkhio punvaM / samvamhi ahoratte vibhAsidanvo jadhAjoggaM / / 187 5. dekhie, kundakunda amRtasaMgraha, gA0 24-27, pR0 saM0 135 saM0 paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI-136. 6. evaM vidhANacariya carati je sAdhavo ya ajjaao| jagapujjaM te kitti suhaM ca labhrUNa sijhaMti ||-muulaacaar

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yApanIya sAhitya : 135 hotaa| ataH mUlAcAra yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai, yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra ko yApanIya paramparA kA grantha mAnane ke aneka pramANa haiN| paM0 nAtharAma jI premI ne apane uparokta vivecana meM una sabhI tathyoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kara diyA hai jinake AdhAra para mUlAcAra ko kundakunda kI acela paramparA ke sthAna para yApanIyoM ko acela paramparA kA grantha mAnA jAnA caahie| maiM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI dvArA uThAye gaye inhIM muddoM para vistAra se carcA karanA caahuuNgaa| sarvaprathama mUlAcAra aura bhagavatIArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAyeM samAna aura samAna abhiprAya ko prakaTa karane vAlI hone ke kAraNa 'premI jI' ne ise bhagavatIArAdhanA kI paramparA kA grantha mAnA hai| unhoMne isa tathya kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai ki malAcAra ke samAna hI bhagavatIArAdhanA ke bhI kucha aise mantavya haiM jo acela digambara paramparA se mela nahIM khAte aura yadi bhagavatIArAdhanA digambara paramparA kA grantha na hokara yApanIya paramparA kA grantha siddha hotA hai to phira mUlAcAra ko bhI hameM yApanIya paramparA kA hI grantha mAnanA hogaa| vaise to premI jI ne mAtra bhagavatI ArAdhanA se isakI gAthAoM kI samarUpatA kI carcA kI hai, parantu bAta yahIM samApta nahIM hotI / mUlAcAra meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya aneka granthoM kI gAthAyeM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hotI haiN| unameM zaurasenI aura ardhamAgadhI athavA mahArASTrI ke antara ke atirikta kahIM kisI prakAra kA antara bhI nahIM hai| mUlAcAra ke bRhatpratyAkhyAna nAmaka dvitIya adhikAra meM adhikAMza gAthAyeM mahApaccakkhANa aura AurapaccakkhANa se milatI haiM / mUlAcAra ke bRhat pratyAkhyAna aura saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna ina donoM adhikAroM meM kramazaH 71 aura 14 gAthAyeM arthAt kula 85 gAthAe~ haiN| inameM se 70 gAthAyeM to AturapratyAkhyAna nAmaka zvetAmbara paramparA ke prakIrNaka se milatI haiM / zeSa 15 gAthAoM meM bhI kucha mahApaccakkhANa evaM candrAvedhyaka meM mila jAtI haiM / ye grantha zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakIrNakoM ke rUpa meM Aja bhI svIkArya haiN| punaH adhyAya kA nAmakaraNa bhI unhIM granthoM ke AdhAra para hai| isI prakAra mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhikAra kI 192 gAthAoM meM se 80 gAthAyeM Avazyakaniyukti se samAna rUpa se upalabdha haiN| isake atirikta isI

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136 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya adhikAra meM pAThabheda ke sAtha uttarAdhyayana, anuyogadvAra aura dazavekAlika se aneka gAthAyeM milatI haiN| paMcAcAra-adhikAra meM sabase adhika 222 gAthAyeM haiN| isakI 50 se adhika gAthAyeM uttarAdhyayana aura jIvasamAsa nAmaka zvetAmbara grantha meM samAna rUpa se pAyI jAtI haiM / isameM jo SaDjIva nikAya kA vivecana hai usakI adhikAMza gAthAyeM uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyAya prajJApanA, Avazyakaniyukti aura jIvasamAsa meM haiN| isI prakAra 5 samiti gapti Adi kA jo vivecana upalabdha hotA hai vaha bhI uttarAdhyayana ke aura dazavakAlika meM kiMcita bheda ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai| isI prakAra mUlAcAra ke piNDazuddhi adhikAra kI 83 gAthAyeM haiN| inameM bhI kucha gAthAyeM zvetAmbara paramparA ko piNDaniyukti nAmaka grantha meM yathAvat upalabdha hotI haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra ko adhikAMza sAmagrI zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, piNDaniyukti, AurapaccakkhANa, mahApaccakkhANa, Avazyakaniyukti, candrAvedhyaka Adi zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya upayukta granthoM se saMkalita hai / Azcarya to yaha lagatA hai ki hamArI digambara paramparA ke vidvAn mUlAcAra meM kundakunda ke granthoM se mAtra 21 gAthAyeM samAna rUpa se upalabdha hone para ise kundakunda kI kRti siddha karane kA sAhasa karate haiM aura jisa paramparA ke granthoM se isakI AdhI se adhika gAthAyeM samAna rUpa se milatI haiM usake sAtha isakI nikaTatA ko bhI dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiM / mUlAcAra kI racanA usI paramparA meM sambhava ho sakatI hai jisa paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyakaniyukti, piNDaniyukti, mahApaccakkhANa, AurapaccakkhANa Adi granthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA rahI hai| navIna kI khojoM se yaha spaSTa ho cukA hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM ina granthoM kA adhyayana hotA thaa| yApanIya paramparA ke aparAjitasUri dvArA uttarAdhyayana aura dazavakAlika para likho gaI TIkAeM isI bAta kI puSTi karatI haiN| inakA adhyayana aura adhyApana unakI paramparA meM pracalita thA / jo paramparA Agama granthoM kA sarvathA lopa mAnatI ho, usa paramparA meM mUlAcAra jaise grantha kI racanA sambhava pratIta nahIM hotii| yaha spaSTa hai ki jahA~ dakSiNa bhArata meM vikasita digambara acela paramparA AgamoM ke viccheda kI bAta kara rahI thI, vahIM uttara bhArata meM vikasita hokara dakSiNa kI ora jAne vAlI isa yApanIya paramparA meM AgamoM kA

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yApanIya sAhitya : 13. adhyayana barAbara cala rahA thA / ataH isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki mUlAcAra kI racanA kundakunda kI digambara paramparA meM na hokara yApanIyoM kI acela paramparA meM huI hai| svayaM mUlAcAra' ke pAMcaveM paMcAcAra nAmaka adhikAra kI 79vIM gAthA meM aura 3872 na0 gAthA meM AcArakalpa, jItakalpa, Avazyakaniyukti, ArAdhanA, maraNavibhakti, paccakkhANa, Avazyaka, dharmakathA (jJAtAdharmakathA) Adi granthoM ke adhyayana ke spaSTa nirdeza haiM / ukta gAthAoM meM nimna granthoM kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai-1. ArAdhanA, 2. niyukti, 3. maraNavibhakti, 4. saMgraha (paMcasaMgraha), 5. stuti (devindatthuI), 6. pratyAkhyAna, 7. Avazyaka aura 8. dharmakathA / sarvaprathama yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ina granthoM meM kauna-kauna grantha zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya evaM upalabdha haiM aura kauna-kauna digambara 'paramparA meM mAnya evaM upalabdha haiM / ina granthoM meM sarvaprathama ArAdhanA kA nAma hai / ArAdhanA ke nAma se suparicita grantha zivArya kA bhagavatIArAdhanA yA mUlArAdhanA hai| yaha suspaSTa hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA mUlataH digambara paramparA kA grantha na hokara yApanIya saMgha kA grantha hai| mUlAcAra meM jisa ArAdhanA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, vaha sambhavataH bhagavatIArAdhanA ho, kyoMki mUlAcAra bhI usI yApanIya paramparA kA grantha pratIta hotA hai aura mulAcAra ke racanAkAra ne sarvaprathama usI grantha kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| digambara paramparA meM ArAdhanA nAma kA koI grantha nahIM hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM maraNavibhakti nAmakA jo grantha hai usakI racanA bhI jina ATha prAcIna zruta granthoM ke AdhAra para mAnI jAtI hai unameM maraNavibhakti, maraNavizodhi, maraNasamAdhi, saMlekhanAzruta, bhattaparijJA, Atura pratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura ArAdhanA haiN| prastuta gAthA meM maraNavibhakti, pratyAkhyAna aura ArAdhanA aise tIna svataMtra granthoM ke ullekha haiN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki mUlAcAra kA ArAdhanA se tAtparya isI prAcIna 'ArAdhanA' se rahA hogaa| yaha 'ArAdhanA' bhagavatIArAdhanA kI racanA kA bhI AdhAra rahI hai| yadi hama ArAdhanA kA tAtparya bhagavatIArAdhanA lete haiM to hameM itanA nizcita rUpa se svIkAra 1. ArAhaNA nijjuti maraNavibhattIyaM saMgahatthudio / paccakhANAvAsaya dhammakahAo ya erisao // -5/79 2. AyAra jIdakapa guNa dIvaNA"" / -5/387

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138 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya karanA hogA ki mUlAcAra kA racanAkAla bhagavatIArAdhanA kI racanA ke bAda kA hai aura donoM granthoM ke Antarika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para yaha nirNaya karanA hogA ki inameM se kauna prAcIna hai| cUMki yaha eka svataMtra nibandha kA viSaya hogA isalie isakI adhika gaharAI meM nahIM jAnA cAhatA kintu itanA avazya ullekha karU~gA ki yadi bhagavatIArAdhanA kI racanA mUlAcAra se paravartI hai, to mUlAcAra meM likhita yaha ArAdhanA, maraNavibhakti meM aMgIbhUta ArAdhanA hI hai| donoM kA nAma sAmya bhI isa dhAraNA ko puSTa karatA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki kisI samaya ArAdhanA svataMtra grantha thA, jo Aja maraNavibhakti meM samAhita ho gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Agama granthoM kI prAcInatama vyAkhyAoM ke rUpa meM niyuktiyA~ likhI giiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM dasa niyuktiyA~ suprasiddha haiM / niyukti sambhavataH dvitIya bhadrabAhu kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai, kintu kucha niyuktiyA~ usase bhI prAcIna haiN| yaha bhI suspaSTa hai ki mUlAcAra ke SaDAvazyaka adhikAra meM Avazyaka niyukti kI 80 se adhika gAthAeM spaSTataH milatI haiN| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki prastuta gAthA meM niyukti kA jo ullekha hai vaha zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha niyuktiyoM se hI hai / yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki adhikAMza niyuktiyA~ bhadrabAhu dvitIya ke dvArA racita haiM aura ina bhadrabAhu kA samaya vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI hai / isase eka bAta avazya spaSTa hotI hai ki mUlAcAra vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA nahIM hai| mUlAcArakAra yaha kahakara ki 'aba maiM AcArya paramparA se yathAgata Avazyakaniyukti ko saMkSepa meM kahU~gA', isa tathya kI svayaM puSTi karatA hai ki usake samakSa Avazyakaniyukti nAmaka grantha rahA hai aura jo use AcArya paramparA se prApta thaa| dUsare asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3hane yogya granthoM kI meM sUcI niyukti kA ullekha bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karatA hai| digambara paramparA meM niyuktiyAM likhI gaIM, aisA koI bhI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH mulAcAra meM niyukti se tAtparya zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita niyuktiyoM se hI hai / isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya Agamika grantha eka hI the-unameM mAtra zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI kA bhASA bheda thaa| mUlAcAra meM jisa tIsare grantha maraNa-- vibhakti kA ullekha huA hai, vaha bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke dasa prakIrNakoM meM eka hai| yaha maraNavibhakti aura maraNasamAdhi ina do nAmoM se ulli

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yApanIya sAhitya : 139 khita hai| svayaM granthakAra ne bhI ise maraNavibhakti kahA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki mUlAcAra dvArA nirdiSTa maraNavibhakti zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha maraNavibhakti hI hai| digambara paramparA meM maraNavibhakti nAma kA koI grantha rahA ho, aisA ullekha mujhe dekhane ko nahIM milA hai| yadyapi mUlAcAra meM ullekhita maraNavibhakti vartamAna maraNavibhakti ke eka bhAga mAtra thI-kyoMki vartamAna maraNavibhakti meM usake sahita ATha prAcIna granthoM kA saMkalana hai| prAcIna 'maraNavibhakti' eka saMkSipta grantha thaa| jisa cauthe grantha kA ullekha mUlAcAra meM milatA hai, vaha saMgraha hai| saMgraha se granthakAra kA kyA tAtparya hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| paMca-saMgraha ke nAma se karmasAhitya sambandhI grantha zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM upalabdha hai| isake atirikta digambara paramparA meM paMcAstikAya ko bhI 'paMcatthikAya-saMgahasutta' kahA gayA hai| svayaM isa grantha ke kartA ne bhI isa graMtha ko saMgraha kahA hai ataH eka vikalpa to yaha ho sakatA hai ki saMgraha se tAtparya 'paMcatthikAya saMgraha' se ho-kintu yahI ekamAtra vikalpa ho-hama aisA nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki aneka AdhAroM para mUlAcAra paMcastikAya kI apekSA prAcIna hai| dUsare yadi mUlAcAra ko kundakunda ke graMthoM kA ullekha iSTa hotA to ve samayasAra kA bhI ullekha karate haiM / punaH kundakunda dvArA 'samaya' zabda kA jisa artha meM prayoga kiyA hai-mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra meM 'samaya' zabda usase bhinna artha meM grahaNa huA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMgrahaNI sUtra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / paMcakalpa mahAbhASya ke anusAra saMgrahaNiyoM kI racanA AcArya kAlaka ne kI thii| pAkSikasUtra meM niyukti aura saMgrahaNI donoM kA ullekha hai / saMgrahaNI Agamika graMthoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya dene vAlI racanA hai| caMki AgamoM kA asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3hanA vajita thA, ataH yaha ho sakatA hai ki AcArya kAlaka Adi kI jo saMgrahaNI thI, unhIM se granthakAra kA tAtparya rahA ho / saMgraha se 'paMcasaMgraha' kA artha grahaNa karane para kucha samasyAe~ uTha khar3I hotI haiM / zvetAmbara paMcasaMgraha jo candraRSi kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM 7vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI nahIM hai| digambara paramparA kA paMcasaMgraha to aura bhI paravartI hI siddha hotA hai| usameM upalabdha dhavalA Adi kA kucha aMza use 10vIM-11vIM zatI taka le jAtA hai| ataH mUlAcAra meM saMgraha ke rUpa meM jisa grantha kA

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140 : bainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ullekha hai vaha grantha vartamAna zvetAmbara-digambara paramparA kA upalabdha paMcasaMgraha to nahIM ho sktaa| anyathA hameM mUlAcAra kI tithi ko kAphI nIce le jAnA hogA / gAthA ke sandarbha sthala ko dekhate hue use prakSipta bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / yadyapi yaha bAta nizcita hI satya hai ki paMcasaMgraha meM jina granthoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, unameM kucha graMtha zivazarmasUri kI racanAe~ haiM aura isa dRSTi se prAcIna bhI haiN| sambhava, yahI lagatA hai ki upalabdha paMcasaMgraha ke pUrva bhI karma siddhAnta se sambandhita kasAyapAhur3a sataka, sittarI Adi kucha graMthoM kA eka saMgraha rahA thA aura jo saMgraha nAma se prasiddha thaa| ho sakatA hai ki mulAcArakAra ne usI kA ullekha kiyA ho / thudi yA stuti se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya kisa grantha se hai, yaha bhI spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| TIkAkAra vasUnandI ne isakA tAtparya samantabhadra ke devAgama nAmaka stuti racanA se liyA hai, kintu merI daSTi meM vasunandI kI yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai / prathama to samantabhadra kA kAla hI vivAdAspada hai| dUsare vastutaH 'thudi' koI prAkRta racanA hI rahanI caahie| zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'thuI' ke nAma se vIratthuI aura 'deviMdatthuo' ina do kA ullekha milatA hai vIratthuI-sUtrakRtAMga kA hI eka adhyAya hai, kintu usakA svatantra rUpa se svAdhyAya karane kI paramparA prAcInakAla se Aja taka rahI hai| devidatthuo kI gaNanA dasa prakIrNakoM meM kI jAtI hai| vaise prakIrNakoM meM hI 'vIratthao' (vIra-stava) eka svatantra grantha bhI hai, kintu isakI viSayavastu sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThe adhyAya vIratthuI se bhinna hai, merI dRSTi meM yaha paravartI bhI lagatA hai| mUlAcAra kI prastuta gAthAoM meM jina granthoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai, unameM adhikatara zvetAmbara paramparA ke prakIrNakoM ke nAmoM se milate haiN| ataH prastuta gAthA meM 'thudi' nAmaka graMtha se tAtparya prakIrNakoM meM samAviSTa 'deviMdatthao' se hI honA cAhie / ataH 'thudi' se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya yA to sUtrakRtAMga ke chaThe adhyAya meM antanihita 'vIratthuI' se rahA hogA yA phira devidatthao nAmaka prakIrNaka se hogA kyoMki yaha bhI IsA pUrva prathama zatI meM racita eka prAcIna prakIrNaka hai / (isa sambandha meM mere dvArA sampAdita evaM Agama saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita 'devidatthao' kI bhUmikA dekheM) prakIrNakoM meM samAhita vIratthao mujhe mUlAcAra kI apekSA paravartI racanA lagatI hai| paccakkhANa nAmaka grantha se malAcAra kA mantavya kyA hai, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| digambara paramparA meM paccakkhANa nAmaka koI grantha rahA

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yApanIya sAhitya : 141 hai-aisA jJAta nahIM hotA hai / jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakIrNakoM ke antargata hI AurapaccakkhANa aura mahApaccakkhANa nAmaka do grantha haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki paccakkhANa se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya AurapaccakkhANa tathA mahApaccakkhANa nAmaka granthoM se hI hai / mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra vasunandI ne ise spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai| kevala itanA hI kahakara chor3a diyA hai ki trividha evaM caturvidha parityAga kA pratipAdaka grantha-kintu aisA koI grantha zvetAmbara yA digambara paramparA meM rahA hai-aisA dhyAna meM nahIM aataa| jaba mUlAcAra meM AurapaccakkhANa kI hI 70 gAthAyeM mila rahI haiM isake atirikta mahApaccakkhANa kI bhI gAthAyeM thI usameM hai hIisase yahI siddha hotA hai ki paccakkhANa se mUlAcArakAra kA tAtparya AurapaccakkhANa aura mahApaccakkhANa se hI hai| Avasaya yA Avazyaka se mUlAcArakAra kA tAtparya kisa grantha se haiyaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| TIkAkAra vasunandI ne kevala itanA nirdeza diyA hai ki Avazyaka se tAtparya sAmAyika Adi SaD-Avazyaka kAryoM kA pratipAdaka grantha / digambara paramparA meM isa nAma kA bhI koI grantha nahIM rahA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM Avazyaka nAmaka svatantra graMtha prAcIna kAla se upalabdha hai aura usakI gaNanA Agama grantha ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki mUlAcArakAra kA Avazyaka se tAtparya zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AvazyakasUtra se hI hai| antima grantha jisakA isa gAthA meM ullekha hai, vaha dharmakathA hai| yaha bAta nizcaya hI vicAraNIya hai ki dharmakathA se granthakAra kA tAtparya kisa prantha se hai| digambara paramparA meM dharmakathAnuyoga se jo purANa Adi sAhitya upalabdha haiM, ve kisI bhI sthiti meM mUlAcAra ke pUrvavartI nahIM haiN| TIkAkAra vasunandI ne dharmakathA se triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra Adi kA jo tAtparya liyA hai, vaha taba taka grAhya nahIM bana sakatA jaba taka ki triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra kA vivecana karane vAle mUlAcAra se pUrva ke koI graMtha hoM / jaba hama triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra se sambandhita graMthoM ko dekhate haiM to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye sabhI grantha mUlAcAra ke paravartI hI haiM / ataH yaha prazna anuttarita hI rahatA hai ki dharmakathA se mUlAcAra kA kyA tAtparya hai ? isake uttara ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane do vikalpa haiMyA to hama yaha mAne ki mUlAcAra kI racanA ke pUrva bhI kucha carita grantha rahe hoMge jo dharmakathA ke nAma se jAne jAte hoMge, kintu yaha kalpanA

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242 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya adhika santoSajanaka nahIM lgtii| dUsarA vikalpa yaha ho sakatA hai ki dharmakathA se tAtparya 'nAyadhammakahA' se to nahIM hai ? yaha sarvamAnya hai ki 'nAyadhammakahA' kI viSaya-vastu dharmakathAnuyoga se sambandhita hai, isa vikalpa ko svIkAra karane meM kevala eka hI kaThinAI hai ki kucha aMga-Agama bhI asvAdhyAya kAla meM par3he jA sakate haiM-yaha mAnanA hogA / eka aura 'vikalpa ho sakatA hai dharmakathA se tAtparya kahoM paumacariyaM Adi grantha se to nahIM hai, lekina yaha kalpanA hI hai| merI dRSTi meM to 'dhammakahA' se mUlAcAra kA tAtparya 'nAyadhammakahA' se hogA / mUlAcAra meM uparyukta graMthoM ke atirikta 'AyArakappa' aura 'jIdakappa' aise do graMthoM kI aura sacanA milatI hai ataH inake sambandha meM bhI vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai / zve. paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM meM cheda sUtroM ke antargata AcArakalpa (dazAzrutaskandha = AcAradazA) aura jItakalpa kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| yApanIya paramparA ke eka anya graMtha chedazAstra meM bhI prAyazcitta ke sandarbha meM AcArakalpa aura jItakalpa kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArakalpa aura jItakalpa muni jIvana ke AcAra-niyamoM tathA unase sambandhita prAyazcittoM kA varNana karate haiM / paMcAcArAdhikAra meM tapAcAra ke sandarbha meM jo ina do graMthoM kA ullekha hai ve vastutaH zve0 paramparA meM mAnya AcAradazA (dazAzrutaskandha) aura jItakalpa hI haiN| yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki digambara AcAryoM ne yApanIya paramparA ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki ve 'kalpasUtra' kA vAJcana karate haiM / smaraNa rahe ki AcArakalpa kA AThavA~ adhyayana paryaSaNa-kalpa ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura Aja bhI paryuSaNa parva ke avasara para zve0 paramparA meM usakA vAJcana hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlAcAra meM jina graMthoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, lagabhaga ve sabhI graMtha Aja bhI zve0 paramparA meM mAnya aura pracalita haiM, usase yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki Agamika granthoM ke sandarbha meM mUlAcAra kI paramparA zve0 paramparA ke nikaTa hai| yApaniyoM ke sandarbha meM yaha spaSTa hai ki ve zve0 paramparA meM mAnya Agama sAhitya ko mAnya karate the / yaha hama pUrva meM bhI sUcita kara cuke haiM ki uttara bhArata ke nigraMtha saMgha meM jina granthoM kA nirmANa I0 san kI dUsarI zatI taka huA thA usake * uttarAdhikArI zve0 aura yApanIya donoM hI rahe haiM ataH mUlAcAra meM zve0 paramparA meM mAnya graMthoM kA ullekha yahI siddha karatA hai ki vaha yApanIya . paramparA kA graMtha hai|

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yApanIya sAhitya : 143 piNDachedazAstra acela paramparA meM cheda piNDa nAmaka eka prAyazcitta grantha rahA hai| isa grantha kA prakAzana mANikacanda digambara granthamAlA ke 18veM grantha ke rUpa meM 'prAyazcittasaMgraha' ke antargata huA hai / grantha ke prArambha kI mUla gAthAoM meM to kartA kA nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai kintu grantha ke antima gAthA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti indranandi dvArA racita isa chedapiNDa se bhAvita hotA hai, vaha loka aura lokottara vyavahAra meM kuzala hotA hai / isa antima samApana gAthA ke bAda sambhavataH lipikAra ne apanI ora se eka gAthA jor3I hai aura usameM kahA hai ki sajjanoM ke mala kA haraNa karane vAlA indranandi ke dvArA viracita yaha grantha unake prati bhaktipUrvaka samyak prasannacitta se likhA gayA hai| grantha mulataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM hai aura usameM mUlataH AlocanA, pratikramaNa, ubhaya (AlocanA aura pratikramaNa ) viveka, vyutsarga ( kAyotsarga ) tapa, cheda, mala, parihAra evaM pAraMcika-ina dasa prakAra ke prAyazcittoM kA aura una prAyazcitoM se sambandhita aparAdhoM kA arthAt paMcamahAvratoM, rAtribhojananiSedha, paJcasamiti, pA~ca indriyoM kA nirodha, kezaloca, SaDAvazyaka Acelya ( nagnatA ), asnAna, adaMta dhAvana, bhUmi-zayana, sthita-bhojanaeka samaya bhojana-ina aTThAvIsa mUlaguNoM aura aneka uttara-guNoM ke ullaMghana saMbaMdhI doSoM kA vistRta vivecana hai / grantha kI kula gAthAe~ 361 aura zloka parimANa 420 haiM / granthakAra dvArA nirdiSTa gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 333 haiM, kintu upalabdha grantha meM 361 gAthAeM dI gaI haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki grantha meM bAda meM lagabhaga 28 gAthAe~ jor3a dI gaI haiM / acela paramparA ke prAyazcitta viSayaka granthoM meM isakA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| vastutaH zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo sthAna chedasUtroM kA hai vahI sthAna acela paramparA meM isa cheda-piNDa kA hai| grantha ke prArambha meM arahaMta ko namaskAra karake chedapiNDa prAyazcitta ko maiM kahU~gA, aisI pratijJA ke dvArA grantha kA pUrA nAma 'chedapiNDa prAyazcitta'2 aisA hogA, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi grantha kI antima gAthA meM granthakartA ke rUpa meM indranandi 1. caurasayAiM bIsuttarAI gaMthassa parimANaM / tetIsuttaratisayapamANaM gAhA Nibaddhassa // -chedapiNDaM, 360 2. vicchiNa kammabaMdhe, NicchayaNayassiUNa arahate / vocchAmi chedapiNDaM pAyacchitta paNamiUNaM ||-chedpinndd 1 - - -

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144 : bainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kA ullekha huA hai, kintu mUla grantha ke kartA ye indranandi kauna the yaha vicAraNIya hai| digambara paramparA meM nItisAra nAmaka grantha ke kartA ke rUpa meM indranandi kA ullekha milatA hai, lekina prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA ye indanandi vahI haiM jo ki nItisAra ke racayitA haiN| indranandi ne apane nItisAra meM paMca jainAbhAsoM kI carcA kI hai, jisameM zvetAmbara, yApanIya, dravir3a saMgha, kASThAsaMgha aura mAthurasaMgha kA samAveza hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ye indranandi ina pA~coM paramparAoM se bhinna mUla saMgha se sambaddha honA cAhie, kintu grantha ke svarUpa ko dekhate hue yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki yaha grantha mUla saMgha kA nahIM hai / kyoMki isameM kalpa-vyavahAra Adi zvetAmbara AgamoM kA na kevala ullekha hai apitu prAyazcitta ke sandarbha meM unheM pramANa bhI mAnA gayA hai / grantha 'zramaNI' kA bhI spaSTa rUpa se ullekha karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki zramaNiyoM ke lie ve hI prAyazcita haiM jo zramaNoM ke lie haiN| zramaNiyoM ke lie mAtra paryAya-cheda, mUla, parihAra, dinapratimA aura trikAla yoga nAmaka prAyazcittoM kA niSedha hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki isa grantha ke kartA yApanIyoM ko jainAbhAsa kahane vAle indranandI nahIM mAne jA sakate; isake viparIta anya saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai ki isa grantha ke kartA indranandI, yApanIya nandIsaMgha ke koI indranandI rahe hoM aura bAda meM bhrAnti se nItisAra aura chedapiNDa prAyazcitta ke kartA ko eka mAna liyA gayA ho kyoMki jo paramparA mUlasaMgha ko chor3akara anya sabhI ko jainAbhAsa kaha rahI ho vaha apane granthoM meM unake vicAroM kA saMgraha kese karatI ? nItisAra aura zrutAvatAra ke kartA indranandi kA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI hai, jabaki prastuta grantha bhASA aura viSaya donoM kI dRSTi se dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA to nizcita hI hai| yaha saMbhava hai ki jaba granthakAra svayaM graMtha kI 333 gAthAoM kA ullekha kara rahA hai, to 361 gAthAoM kI upasthiti, isa bAta ko sUcaka hai ki kucha gAthAe~ bAda meM jor3I gayI hai aura isa jor3anevAle ne kartA ke rUpa meM apanA nAma de diyA hai / yadyapi abhI taka grantha ko jitanA kucha dekhA hai usase spaSTa 1. bhAvei chedapiMDaM jo evaM iNdnnNdignnircidN|-chedpinndd 361 2. evaM dasavidhapAyacchitaM bhaNiyaM tu kppvvhaare| jIdammi purisabhedaM gAuM dAyavvamidi bhaNiyaM ||-chedpinndd 288 3. jaM samaNANaM vRttaM pAyacchitaM thjjmaacrnnN| tesiM ceva pauttaM taM samaNINaMpi gAyavvaM ||-chedpinndd 89

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yApanIya sAhitya : 145 lagatA hai ki grantha yApanIya paramparA kA honA cAhie aura isa grantha ke kartA yadi indranandI hI haiM to ve yApanIya nandIsaMgha ke koI indranandI rahe hoMge / zrImatI (DaoN0) kusuma paToriyA ne jaTAsiMha nandI ke varAMgacaritra ke yApanIya kRti hone kI sambhAvanA kI carcA karate hue kannar3a kavi janna (I0 1219) ke anantanAtha purANa kA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai-vaMdyara jaTAsiMha gaMdyAcAryAdIMdraMNadyAcAryAdi muni kArga paMdyapRthiviyolagellaM (1/17) / isameM jaTAsiha nandI aura indranandI ko kANUragaNa kA batAyA gayA hai aura yaha kANUragaNa yApanIya saMgha kA hai yaha hama dvitIya adhyAya meM batA cuke haiN| ataH chedazAstra ke praNetA indranandI yApanIya saMgha ke kANUra gaNa ke haiM aura ye lagabhaga IsA kI 7-8vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiM / sambhavataH ye jaTAsiMha nandI ke ziSya rahe hoM / itanA nizcita hai ki ye zrutAvatAra ke kartA indranandI ke bhI pUrva hue haiN| indra (nandI) kA ullekha hameM raviSeNa ke padmacarita aura gommaTasAra meM bhI milatA hai| raviSeNa ne padmacarita meM apanI guru paramparA meM indra, divAkara yati, arhanmani aura lakSmaNasena ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 2 zrImatI (DaoN.) kusuma paToriyA likhatI haiM ki AcArya raviSeNa kaI kAraNoM se yApanIya pratIta hote haiN| yadi raviSeNa yApanIya haiM to guru ke praguru bhI yApanIya hoMge, isameM saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| raviSeNa ke padmacarita ke lekhana kA samaya IsvI san 678 hai / ataH unake praguru ke guru kama se kama unase eka sau varSa pUrva arthAt IsvI san 578 ke pUrva hI hue hoNge| punaH gommaTasAra meM 'indra' kA ullekha sAMzayika ke rUpa meM huA hai| gommaTasAra ke TIkAkAra ne unheM zvetAmbara kahA hai|5 kintu vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki ye indra (nandI) yApanIya haiM / kyoMki digambaroM kI dRSTi meM yApanIya hI sAMzayika ho sakate haiN| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premo' likhate haiM ki "zAkaTAyana sUtrapATha meM indra, siddhanandi aura Aryavajraina tIna kA mata diyA hai-sambhavataH ye bhI yApanIya sampradAya ke hoNge| indra ko gommaTasAra ke TIkAkAra ne zvetAmbara guru batalAyA hai| 1. yApanIya sampradAya aura sAhitya, pR0 158 / 2. pAcaritam (raviSaNa), bhUmikA pR0 2 / 3. yApanIya sampradAya aura sAhitya, pR0 146 / 4. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 16 / 5. vahI (ttiikaa)| 6. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (10 nAthUrAma jI premI) pR0 167 /

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146 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kintu indra nAma ke zvetAmbara AcArya kA abhI taka koI ullekha nahIM milA hai, bahuta sambhava hai ki ye yApanIya hoM aura zvetAmbara tulya hone se zvetAmbara kaha diye gaye hoN| dvikoTigata jJAna ko saMzaya kahate haiM, jo zvetAmbara sampradAya meM ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA parantu yApanIyoM ko kucha zvetAmbara aura kucha digambara hone ke kAraNa zAyada saMzaya mithyAdRSTi kaha diyA gayA ho| bahuta sambhava hai ki zAkaTAyana sUtrakAra ne inhIM indra guru kA ullekha kiyA ho / ' zAkaTAyana yApanIya the, yaha suspaSTa hai ataH unhoMne jisa indraguru kA ullekha kiyA hai ve bhI yApanIya hoMge isameM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| prAyazcitta saMgraha ko bhUmikA meM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne bhI gommaTasAra meM sAMzayika ke rUpa meM ullikhita aura zAkaTAyana dvArA indra guru ke rUpa meM ullikhita indranandi ke atirikta bhI cAra anya indranandi nAmaka AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura isa prazna para vicAra kiyA hai ki inameM kauna se indranandi cheda piNDazAstra ke kartA haiM ? yadyapi isa sambandha meM merA dRSTikoNa AdaraNIya paNDitajI ke dRSTikoNa se bhinna hai(1) ayyapArya ne jinendra kalyANAbhyudaya (I0 san 1319) meM kisI indranandi ke pUjAkrama kA ullekha kiyA hai / isase phalita hotA hai ki I0 san 1319 ke pUrva koI pUjA viSayaka grantha indranandi dvArA likhA gayA thA jisa krama se isameM AcAryoM kA ullekha huA hai yadi use aitihAsika dRSTi se satya mAneM to ye indranandi vasunandI ke pazcAt aura AzAdhara ke pUrva hue hoMge ataH inakA samaya lagabhaga IsA kI 13vIM zatI hogaa| kintu merI dRSTi meM ye indranandI paryApta paravartI haiM aura ye usa chedapiNDa ke kartA nahIM ho sakate, jisameM jIta, kalpa evaM vyavahAra ke adhyayana ke spaSTa nirdeza haiM / usa kAla taka yApanIya paramparA vilupta-sI ho gaI thI aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita ina granthoM se digambara paramparA aparicita thii| (2) dUsare indranandi vartamAna meM upalabdha indranandi-saMhitA ke racayitA 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa (paM0 nAthUrAma premI) pR0 167 / 2. vIrAcArya su pUjyapAda jinasenAcArya saMbhASito. yaH pUrva guNabhadrasUri vasunandIndrAdinanyujitaH / yazcAzAdhara hastimallakathito yazcaika saMghistataH, tebhya svAhRtsAramadhyaracitaH syAjjanapUjAkrama -uddhRta prAyazcitta saMgraha bhUmikA pR0 4 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 147 indranandi haiM kintu ye indranandi vahI haiM, jinakA ullekha ayyapAyaM ne pUjAkrama ke racayitA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| kyoMki inhoMne bhI unhIM AcAryoM kA usI krama se ullekha kiyA hai, jisa krama se ayyapArya ne kiyA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki zrutAvatAra ke kartA indranandi aura indranandi saMhitA tathA pUjAkrama ke racayitA eka hI hoN| phira bhI inheM chedapiNDazAstra kA racayitA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki svayaM indranandi-saMhitAkAra ina indranandi ne dAyabhAga prakaraNa kI antima gathAoM meM kisI anya prAcIna indranandi nAmaka AcArya kI indranandi-saMhitA kA ullekha kiyA hai aura use pramANa mAnane ke lie kahA hai| (3) ataH ye tIsare koI prAcIna indranandi haiM jinakI saMhitA arthAt AcArasambandhI koI grantha pramANa mAnA jAtA thaa| isa sambandha meM paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI kA yaha kathana draSTavya hai___ "aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa indranandi saMhitA se bhI pahale koI indranandi saMhitA thI, jise isa saMhitA ke kartA pramANa mAnane ko kahate haiN|" merI daSTi meM isa prAcIna indranandisaMhitA ke kartA indranandi hI chedapiNDazAstra ke kartA haiM aura vaha indranandi saMhitA anya kucha nahIM, svayaM cheda-piNDazAstra.hI hogaa| (4) indranandi kA ullekha gommaTasAra karmakANDa kI 396vIM gAthA meM bho hai, inase kanakanandi muni ne siddhAntagranthoM (sambhavataH kaSAyapAhaDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama) kA adhyayana karake sattvasthAna kI racanA kI thii| 1. puvvaM pujjavihANe jiNaseNAi vIraseNa gurujuttai / pujjassayAya ( ? ) guNabhaddasUrihiM jaha tahuddiTThA // . vasuNaMdi iMdaNaMdi ya taha ya muNI eyasaMdhigaNinAhaM (hiM) raciyA pujjavihI yA pumbakkamado viNihiTThA / indranandisaMhitA 64, 66 2. goyama samaMtabhadda ya ayalaMka su mAhaNaMdi munninnaahi| vasuNaMdi iMdaNaMdihiM raciyA sA saMhitA pamANAhu // vahI 65 uddhRta prAyazcitta saMgraha, bhUmikA pR0 4 3. prAyazcitta saMgraha, bhUmikA, pR0 5 / 4. varaiMdaNaMdi guruNo pAse soUNa sayalasiddhanta / siri kaNayaNadiguruNA sattaThANaM samuddiDheM // -gommaTasAra karmakANDa, 396 /

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148: jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sambhava hai ki zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti ne jisa indraguru kA ullekha kiyA hai ve hI isa gAthA meM ullikhita indranandi guru hoM. jinase kanakanandi ne adhyayana kiyA thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI sambhava hai ki ye indranandi, prAcIna indranandi-saMhitA ke kartA indranandi aura chedapiNDazAstra ke kartA indranandi eka hI vyakti hoN| indranandi nAmaka uparokta AcAryoM ke atirikta zrutAvatAra ke kartA indranandi aura nItisAra ke kartA indranandi ke ullekha milate haiM / zrutAvatAra kartA indranandi chedapiNDa ke kartA nahIM ho sakate kyoMki vyavahAra kalpa aura jIta-kalpa jaise zvetAmbara AgamoM ko pramANa mAnane vAle yApanIyoM ko ve jainAbhAsa kahate haiM / nItisAra ke kartA indranandi bhI chedapiNDa ke kartA nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ve una indranandi se bhinna haiM, jo prAcIna indranandi saMhitA ke kartA haiM aura zAkaTAyana tathA gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicandra dvArA indraguru ke rUpa meM ullikhita haiM, kyoMki nItisAra ke kartA indranandi to svayaM hI nItisAra ke 70veM zloka meM nemicandra aura prabhAcandra kA ullekha karate haiN.|' isa prakAra ye bhI eka paravartI AcArya hI siddha hote haiM aura inheM bhI chedapiNDa kA kartA mAnanA sambhava nahIM hai, yadyapi paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne inheM chedapiNDa ke kartA hone kI sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai| kintu chedapiNDa kisI bhI sthiti meM dasavIM zato se pUrva kA hai| merI dRSTi meM chedapiNDa ke kartA indranandi gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicandra se pUrvavartI haiN| nemicandra ne svayaM gommaTasAra ke karmakANDa meM inheM praNAma bhI kiyA hai aura unheM sakala zrutasAgara kA pAragAmI mAnA hai| inhIM indranandi se kanakanandi ne karmazAstra kA adhyayana karake satva sthAna kA vivecana kiyA thaa| usI sattva sthAna ke AdhAra para nemicandra 1. prabhAcandronemicandra ityAdimunisattamaiH / -nItisAra 70 / 2. NamiUNa abhayanaMdi sudasAgara pAragiMdaNaMdi guru / vIravIraNaMdiNAhaM payaDINaM paccayaM vocchaM / -gommaTasAra karmakANDa gA0 785 / 3. vara iMdaNaMdi guruNo pAse soUNa sayala siddhataM / sirikaNayaNaMdi guruNA sattaThANaM smutttthi|| -gommaTasAra karmakANDa 395 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 149 ne gommaTasAra meM sattva sthAna kA vivecana kiyA hai| isI prasaMga meM gAthA 391 se 395 taka meM mAnyatA bheda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| gommaTasAra nemicandra ke guru vIranandi kA evaM kanakanandi ke guru indranandi aura indranandi ke guru abhayanandi kA ullekha milatA hai / yadi ye saba sAkSAt guru the yA paramparA guru the, yaha batA pAnA kaThina hai / kintu isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki gommaTasAra meM ullikhita indranandi, jo ki sakala zruta ke pAragAmI aura karmaprakRti ke jJAtA the, hI chedapiNDa ke kartA hoM / ye nemicandra se lagabhaga sau varSa pUrva to hue hoMge ataH inakA kAla lagabhaga I0 san kI navIM zatI hogA / punaH karmasiddhAnta aura kalpa, vyavahAra, Adi chedasUtroM ke adhyayana kI paramparA yApanIya paramparA meM hI rahI hai ataH ye indranandi yApanIya hI hoMge / 11vIM evaM 12vIM zatI ke kucha zilAlekhoM meM drAvir3a saMgha ke nandisaMgha ke aruMgala anvaya ke indranandi kA ullekha milatA hai / jJAtavya hai nandisaMgha jo bAda meM drAviDasaMgha meM antarbhukta huA mUlataH yApanIya thA isakI carcA hama dvitIya adhyAya meM kara cuke haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM samantabhadra, akalaMka, puSpasena aura vimalacanda ke pazcAt indranandi kA ullekha hai / ' isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki ye indranandi akalaMka ke bAda nemicandra ke pUrva hue haiM ataH inakA samaya 9vIM zatI mAnanA ucita hai / zilAlekha meM inheM pratiSThAkalpa, jvalinI kalpa kA kartA kahA gayA hai / jaina sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5 ke anusAra indranandi ne jvAlinI kalpa kI racanA zakasaMvat 861 meM mAnakher3a ke rAjA kRSNarAja ke rAjyakAla meM kI thI / inake guru bappanandI the / smaraNa rahe ki isI kAla meM bappabhaTTi nAmaka eka prasiddha jainAcArya uttara bhArata meM hue haiM-gvAliyara se unake abhilekha bhI mile haiM - yadyapi unheM zvetAmbara mAnA jAtA hai / paryApta prayAsa ke pazcAt hameM indranandi ke sambandha meM eka anya abhilekha bhI prApta huA hai - yaha abhilekha rAmanagara ( atichatrA ) kA hai isameM 'mahAcArya indranandi ziSya mahAhari pArzvapatisya kotari' aisA ullekha hai / kaniMghama ke anusAra isakA kAla guptakAla kI avanati se pUrva kA hai / sambhavataH ye indranandi sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI ke hoM / zilAlekhoM meM indranandi nAmaka aneka AcAryoM ke ullekha hone se 9. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, pR0 205-206, lekha kramAMka 410 / 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, pR0 592, lekha kramAMka 843 /

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150 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kisI nizcaya para pahu~canA kaThina avazya hai kintu grantha kI viSayavastu evaM usameM upalabdha ullekhoM ke AdhAra para itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA haichedapiNDa sAtavIM se navIM zatI ke madhya hae yApanIya yA yApanIya saMgha se nikale hue kisI anya gaNa ke indranandi kI racanA hai aura ye indramandi vahI haiM jinakA ullekha zAkaTAyana aura nemicandra indranandi guru ke rUpa meM karate haiM aura jo karmazAstra ke viziSTa jJAtA the| prastuta grantha ke kartA ko aura grantha ko yApanIya paramparA se sambandhita kyoM mAnA jAya, isa sambandha meM nimna tarka prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra aura unakI vijayodayA TIkA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya cheda grantha yApanIya paramparA meM pramANarUpa meM svIkAra kiye jAte the| vijayodayA TIkA meM aneka sthaloM para ina granthoM ke sandarbho kA pramANa ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| cheda-piNDa prAyazcitta grantha kI 228vIM gAthA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki kalpa-vyavahAra meM ye jo dasa prakAra ke prAyazcitta kahe gaye haiM, unheM jItakalpa meM kahe gaye puruSabheda ko jAnakara denA caahie|' isase spaSTa rUpa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki granthakAra na kevala kalpa, vyavahAra aura jItakalpa kA nirdeza karatA hai apitu unheM pramANarUpa svokAra kara unhIM ke anurUpa prAyazcita dene kA vidhAna bhI karatA hai| 2. grantha kI gAthA 303 meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki 'dezayati ko saMyatI ke prAyazcitta kA AdhA denA cAhie"2 isase yaha pratIta hai ki yaha paramparA ailaka, kSullaka Adi ko utkRSTa zrAvaka na mAnakara zramaNa varga ke antargata hI rakhatI thii| jabaki mUlasaMghIya paramparA parigraha rakhanevAle vyakti ko zrAvaka kI avasthA se Upara nahIM mAnatI hai| yApanIya paramparA meM AcArAMga kA sandarbha dekara zramaNoM ke do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM-sarva zramaNa aura no savaM zramaNa / nosarvazramaNa ko hI zabda bheda se isa grantha meM dezayati mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM pracalita 1. evaM dasavidha pAyacchittaM bhaNiyaM tu kappavavahAre / jIdammi purisabhedaM NA dAyanvamidi bhaNiyaM // -chedapiNDam, 288 2. desajadINaM chevo viravANaM abaddhaparimANaM |-chedpinnddm, 303 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 151 kSullaka zabda bhI isI kA vAcaka hai / kSullaka yA dezayati ko zrAvaka kahanA mAtra Agraha buddhi kA paricAyaka hai / ( 3 ) yaha spaSTa hai ki yApanIya saMgha aura usase vikasita kASThAsaMgha, strI kI punaH dIkSA aura rAtri bhojana ko chaTheM vrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate the / zvetAmbara paramparA meM dazavekAlika Adi meM chaTheM vrata ke rUpa meM hI rAtri bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / prastuta grantha meM bhI rAtri bhojana niSedha kA chaTheM vrata ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / isameM kahA gayA hai ki jo rAtri meM bhikSAcAryA ke lie praveza karatA hai use aura usake sambhogI ko mUlaprAyazcitta denA caahie| isI prakAra grantha kI gAthA 307 aura 342 meM bhI zrAvaka ke prAyazcittoM ke sandarbha meM rAtri bhojana- niSedha ko chaThA~ aNuvrata kahA gayA hai' / rAtri bhojana-niSedha ko chaThA vrata mAnanA yaha yApaniyoM aura zvetAmbaroM kI mAnyatA hai, digambara paramparA kI nahIM / digambara paramparA usakA antarbhAva ahiMsAvrata meM karatI hai / ( 4 ) prastuta grantha meM prAyazcitta kI carcA karate hue chedapiNDaprAyazcitta kI gAthA 174 aura mUlAcAra ( jJAnamatI dvArA sampAdita ) kI gAthA 362 meM vicAragata hI nahIM zabdagata samAnatA bhI hai / ye donoM hI grantha zvetAmbara paramparA ke pArAMJcika prAyazcitta ke sthAna para zraddhAna kA ullekha karate haiM / isa prakAra chedapiNDa aura mUlAcAra donoM kI paramparA samAna pratIta hotI hai / tattvArthaM kA anusaraNa karanevAlI mUlasaMghIya digambara paramparA meM no prAyazcittoM kA hI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai unameM pArAJcika kA ullekha nahIM hai / yadyapi yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki tatvArthaM kI paramparA meM mUla ke sthAna para upasthApana zabda kA prayoga huA hai / cUMki mUlAcAra yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai, yaha siddha hI hai, ataH isake AdhAra para yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha chedapiNDa - prAyazcitta grantha bhI yApanIya paramparA kA rahA hogA / (5) chedapiNDa meM aneka sthaloM para kalpa aura vyavahAra kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai | gAthA 208 meM kahA gayA hai ki jo zramaNa vikRti, tRNa, 1. ( a ) chaTTha aNubvayadhAde guNavaya sikkhAvaya tu uvavAso / (ba) chaThamaNuvvayadhAde guNavayasikyAvara hi uvavAso / --chedapiNDam, 307 / - chedapiNDam 342 //

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152 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kASThAdi ko dina athavA rAtri meM binA pratilekhanA kiye grahaNa karatA hai athavA unakA cAlana karatA hai usake lie kalpa vyavahAra meM prAyazcita paJcaka kahe gaye haiN| isI prakAra gAthA 211 meM kahA gayA hai ki diye gaye prAyazcitta ko lete hue yadi roga ke kAraNa koI antarAla AtA hai to vaha bhI kalpa-vyavahAra ke anusAra prAyazcitta paJcaka ke yogya hotA hai| punaH gAthA 213 meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi pUrva meM diye gaye prAyazcitta ko koI bIca meM chor3a detA hai to kalpa-vyavahAra meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki use bhI guru ke dvArA prAyazcitta paJcaka diyA jAnA cAhie / punaH gAthA 225 meM kahA gayA hai ki varddhamAna ke tIrtha meM kalpa aura vyavahAra meM chaH mAha se adhika tapa, prAyazcita nahIM kahA gayA hai isalie unako chaH mAha kA prAyazcitta hI denA caahie| isa tathya ko jItakalpa meM bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| piNDacheda zAstra meM vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa, nizItha aura jItakalpa kA pada-pada para yaha anusaraNa yahI sUcita karatA hai ki yaha yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai / kyoMki digambara paramparA meM ina granthoM ko kabhI mAnyatA pradAna nahIM kI gaI aura na koI bhI digambara AcArya inakI pramANatA kA hI koI ullekha hI karatA hai| (6) chedapiNDa meM mAsa guru, mAsa laghu, acAmla (Ayambila ), nirvikRti, kSamA-zramaNa (khamAsanA ) Adi prAyazcittoM ke jo prakAra varNita haiM, ve zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM hI upalabdha hote haiM, digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM inakA ullekha mujhe dekhane ko nahIM milaa| kyoMki yApanIya kalpa, vyavahAra Adi zvetAmbara AgamoM ko mAnya karate the ataH chedapiNDa yApanIya grantha hI siddha hotA hai| 1. viDi tiNa kaLaM vA rAdo va diyA va appaDilihittA / geNhato cAlato paNayariho kappa vavahAre ||-chedpinnddm, 208 / 2. pAyacchittaM diNNaM kUvvaMto jadA aMtarijja rogeNa / to jIrogo saMto paNayariho kappavavahAre ||-chedpinnddm, 211 / 3. pujvapadiNNaM pAyacchittaM chaMDAviUNa paNayaMtu / dAyatrameva guruNA iya bhaNiyaM kappavavahAre |--chedpinnddm, 213 / 4. kappavavahAre puNa chammAsehiM paraM tu Natthitavo / ___ iha vaDDhamANatitthe teNa ya chammAsiyaM diNNa // -chedapiNDam, 225 / 5. jItakalpa, 1932 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 153 (7) prastuta grantha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM zramaNa aura zramaNI ke atirikta dezayati, gRhastha aura zrAvikA ke liye bhI prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna hai aura isa prakAra yaha kalpa, vyavahAra, jItakalpa Adi kI apekSA vikasita grantha hai / yaha kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, jItakalpa Adi ko mAnya karake bhI aneka aise prAyazcittoM kA ullekha karatA hai, jinakA ullekha ina granthoM meM nahIM hai| vizeSa rUpa se rajasvalA zramaNI ke snAna, RtukAla meM anya zramaNiyoM se sparza, vibhinna vargoM kI rajasvalA zrAvikAoM ke paraspara sparza sambandhI prAyazcitta Adi aise niyama haiM, jo brAhmaNa paramparA se jaina paramparA meM Aye haiN| kintu dUsarI ora isameM harita tRNa, aMkura Adi ke pAdasparza, una para mala-mUtra visarjana ko bhI prAyazcitta kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai, jo isameM prAcIna avadhAraNA kI upasthiti kA saMketa karatA hai| vastutaH yaha kalpa, vyavahAra Adi prAcIna prAyazcitta granthoM ke AdhAra para vikasita grantha hai aura isalie isakA yApanIya honA sunizcita hai| (8) punaH isa grantha kI gAthA 28 meM bhAgavatoM, kApAlikoM Adi ke sAtha-sAtha zvetapaTa zramaNoM kA bhI pASaNDa ke rUpa meM ullekha hai ataH yaha bhI nizcita hai ki yaha zvetAmbara kRti nahIM hai| (9) isameM mUla guNoM aura bhojana ke antarAyoM ke jo ullekha upalabdha haiM ve ise mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI paramparA kA grantha hI siddha karate haiM / ataH isakA yApanIya kRti honA sunizcita hai| chedazAstra prAyazcitta saMgraha ke antargata chedazAstra nAmaka prAyazcitta sambandhI prAkRta bhASA kA eka anya grantha bhI prakAzita haA hai| grantha kI 'pratijJAgAthA' meM chedazAstra ( chedasatthaM ) hI nAma milatA hai, kintu isameM nabbe gAthAe~ hone ke kAraNa ise 'chedanavati' bhI kahA gayA hai| isa grantha meM lekhaka ke nAma kA kahIM bhI koI ullekha nahIM hai| ataH isake lekhaka ke sambandha meM vicAra karanA sambhava nahIM hai / jahA~ taka grantha kI viSayavastu kA prazna hai, vaha mukhyataH 'chedapiNDa' para hI AdhArita pratIta hotI hai / isameM bhI 28 mUlaguNoM ke bhaMga ko AdhAra banAkara prAyazcittoM kA 1. chedapiNDam gAthA, 298-302, 343-351 / 2. paNamiUNa ya paMcaguruM gaNaharadevANa riddhivaMtANaM / bucchAmi chedasatthaM sAhUNaM sohaNaTThANaM ||-chedshaastrm, 1

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154 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| prAyazcittoM kA svarUpa aura unake nAma vahI haiM, jo hameM chedapiNDa meM milate haiN| isakI aneka gAthAe~ bhI chedapiNDa meM milatI haiN| yadi ise chedapiNDa kA hI eka saMkSipta rUpa kahA jAye, to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| isameM muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ke prAyazcittoM kA saMkSipta vivecana upalabdha hai| isa grantha kI paramparA kA nizcaya karanA kaThina hai kyoMki isameM aisA koI bhI spaSTa saMketa upalabdha nahIM hai, jisase ise yApanIya paramparA kA grantha kahA jA ske| kintu yadi chedapiNDa yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai aura usI ke AdhAra para isa chedazAstra kI racanA huI hai, to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha bhI yApanIya paramparA kA grantha rahA hogaa| punaH grantha ke anta meM granyakAra kA yaha kathana ki pUrva AcAryoM dvArA nirmita granthoM kA samyaka adhyayana karake yaha grantha banAyA gayA hai phira bhI isameM jo Agama viruddha ho, chedajJa arthAt chedazAstra ke jJAtA use nikAla deM yA AgamAnusAra usakI pUrti kareM / 2 granthakAra ke isa kathana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki chedasUtra Adi AgamoM kA prAmANya use svIkArya hai| yaha isake yApanIya hone kA AdhAra kahA jA sakatA hai| punaH isameM rAtri-bhojana sambandhI prAyazcitta kA paMcamavrata ke prAyazcitta ke bAda ullekha, AryikAoM ke prAyazcittoM kA alaga se ullekha Adi kucha aise saMketa haiM jo ise yApanIya kRti siddha karate haiN| aparAjitasUri ko vijayodayATIkA ___ aparAjitasUri kI 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' kI 'vijayodayATokA' bhI yApanIya paramparA kI hai| pUrva meM hama isa tathya ko bahuta hI spaSTatA ke sAtha siddha kara cuke haiM ki bhagavatIArAdhanA yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai| yadyapi yApanIya paramparA ke kucha grantha, jaise SaTkhaNDAmama, kaSAyapAhuDa, para dhavalA, jayadhavalA Adi digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne bhI TokAe~ likhI haiM, kintu bhagavatIArAdhanA kI aparAjitasUri kI yaha vijayo1. pAyacchittaM chedo malaharaNaM pAvaNAsaNaM sohI / puNNa pavittaM pAvaNamidi pAyacchittanAmAiM ||-chedpinnddm, 3 tulanIyapAyacchittaM sohI malaharaNaM pAvaNAsaNaM chedo / pajjAyA mUlaguNaM mAsiya saMThANa paMcakallANaM |-chedshaastrm, 2 2. puvAyariyakayANi ya AlocittA mayA samRdiTThA / jaM bAgame viruvaM avaNiya pUraM tu chevr||-vshaastrm, 92

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yApanIya sAhitya : 155 dayATokA to aneka kAraNoM se yApanIya hI siddha hotI hai / isa sambandha meM paM0 nAtharAmajI premI ne apane grantha 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' meM tathA zrImatI ( DA. ) kusuma paToriyA ne 'yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya' meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| hama usI AdhAra para yahA~ saMkSepa meM carcA kreNge| aparAjitasUri aura unakI mUlArAdhanA kI vijayodayATIkA ko nimna AdhAroM para yApanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai (1) bhagavatIArAdhanA ko TIkA kI antima prazasti meM aparAjita sUri ne apane ko candranandi kA praziSya aura baladevasUri kA ziSya kahA hai| gaMgavaMza ke pRthuvIkoGgaNi mahArAja ke IsvI san 776 ke eka dAnapatra meM-zrImUlagaNa nandisaMgha ke candranandI nAmaka AcArya kA ullekha hai| yadi aparAjita inhIM candranandI ke praziSya haiM to isa AdhAra para inheM yApanIya mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai, kyoMki zrImUla mULagaNa aura nandisaMgha yApanIya haiN| isa abhilekha ke AdhAra para inakA kAla lagabhaga AThavIM kA uttarArdha aura navIM kA pUrvArdha siddha hotA hai| (2) bhagavatIArAdhanA kI TIkA meM aparAjita ne apane dvArA dazavaikAlika para bhI TIkA likhe jAne kA nirdeza kiyA hai| sAtha hI unhoMne bhagavatIArAdhanA ko isa TIkA meM AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, vyavahAra, kalpa Adi zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Agama granthoM ko pramANa rUpa svIkAra karake unake aneka uddharaNa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki unheM ye saba Agama grantha na kevala jJAta the, apitu pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra bhI the| yaha suspaSTa hai ki acela paramparA meM yApanIya sampradAya hI aisA sampradAya thA, jo ina Agama granthoM ke prAmANya ko svIkAra karatA hai| isa AdhAra para bhI aparAjitasUri aura unakI vijayodayATIkA kA yApanIya honA sunizcita hai| (3) ArAdhanA kI vijayodayATIkA meM isa prazna para bhI paryApta 1. candranandimahAkarmaprakRtyAcAryapraziSyeNa ArAtIyasUricUlAmaNinA nAganandi gaNipAdapamopasevAjAtamatilavena baladevasUriziSyeNa jinazAsanoddharaNadhIreNa labdhayazaHprasareNa aparAjitasUriNA zrInandigaNinAvacodinena racitA ArAdhanATokA zrIvijayodayAnAmnA smaaptaa| -bhagavatIArAdhanA (vijayodayATIkA ) antima prazasti 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga do, lekha kramAMka 121 / 3. dazavaikAlikaTIkAyAM zrIvijayodayAyAM prapaJcitA ugamAdidoSA iti neha pratanyate / -bhagavatIArAdhanA ( bijayodayATIkA ), bhAga 2, pR0 604 /

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156 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya gaharAI se cintana kiyA gayA hai ki AgamoM meM stra-pAtra ke ullekha haiM-unakI acelatA kI avadhAraNA se kaise saMgati biThAI jA sakatI hai ? TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri ke anusAra AgamoM meM jo vastra-pAtra sambandhI nirdeza haiM, ve ApavAdika haiN| AgamoM meM kAraNa vizeSa meM vastra grahaNa karane kI anujJA hai / AgamoM ko pramANa mAnakara unake vastra-pAtra sambandhI nirdezoM ko ApavAdika rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita karanA yaha TIkAkAra ke yApanIya hone kA pramANa hai| kyoMki jo digambara paramparA AgamoM ko pramANa nahIM mAnatI thI-usake lie yaha samasyA hI nahIM thI, samasyA to una yApanIya AcAryoM ke samakSa thI, jo eka ora acelatA ke samarthaka the aura dUsarI ora AgamoM ko pramANa bhI mAna rahe the| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki aparAjita aura unakI vijayodayATIkA yApanIya hai| (4) bhagavatoArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM AgamoM meM mahAvIra ke vastra sahita dIkSita hone aura bAda meM usa vastra ke parityAga ke sambandha meM jo vividha pravAda pracalita the'-unakI vistRta samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai| aparAjita likhate haiM ki jo bhAvanA (AcArAMga 1. saMvacchara sAhiyaM mAsaM, jaM rikkAsi vatthagaM bhagavaM / acelae tato cAI. taM vosajja vatthamaNagAre // -AcArAMga pra0 zru0, a0 9, sUtra 4 2. "yacca bhAvanAyAmaktaM-varisaM cIvaraSArI teNa paramecalago jiNoti : taduktaM vipratipattihubalatvAt / kathaM ? kecidvadanti' tasminneva dine tadvastraM vIrajinasya vilambanakAriNA gRhItamiti' / anye 'SaNmAsAcchinnaM tatkaNTakazAkhAdibhiriti / ' 'sAdhikena varSeNa tadvastraM khaMDalakabrAhmaNena gahItamiti kecitkathayanti / kecidavAtena patitamapekSitaM jineneti / apare vadanti 'vilambanakAriNA jinasya skandhe tadAropitamiti / ' evaM vipratipattibAhulyAnna dRzyate tattvaM / sacelaliMgaprakaTanAtha yadi celagrahaNaM jinasya kathaM tadvinAza iSTaH / sadA taddhArayitavyam / kiM ca yadi nazyatIti jJAtaM nirarthaka tasya grhnnN| yadi na jJAtamajJAnamasya prApnoti / api ca celaprajJApanA vAJchitA cet "Acelakko dhammo purimacarimANaM" iti vaco mithyA bhavet / " tathA navasthAne yaduktaM "yathAhamacelI tathA hou pacchimo idi hoksavitti" tenApi birodhaH / kiM ca jinAnAmitareSAM vastratyAgakAla: vIrajinasyeva kiM na nirdizyate, yadi vastraM teSAmapi bhavet / evaM tu yukta vaktu 'sarvatyAgaM kRtvA sthite jine kenacidasaM' vastraM nikSiptaM upasaHrgasa iti / -bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayATIkA pR0 325-26 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 157 ke bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana) meM kahA hai ki jina eka varSataka vastradhArI rahe usake bAda acelaka rahe / ' usameM bahuta vivAda hai / koI kahate haiM ki usI dina vaha vastra vIra bhagavAn ke kisI vyakti ne le liyA thA / dUsaroM kA kahanA hai ki vaha vastra chaha mAsa meM kA~Te, zAkhA Adi se chinna ho gyaa| koI kahate haiM ki eka varSa se kucha adhika hone para usa vastra ko khaMDalaka nAma ke brAhmaNa ne le liyA thaa| kucha kahate haiM ki havA se vaha vastra gira gayA aura jinadeva ne usakI upekSA kara dii| anya kahate haiM ki usa puruSa ne usa vastra ko vIra bhagavAn ke kandhe para rakha diyA / isa prakAra bahuta vivAda hone se isameM kucha tattva dikhAI nahIM detaa| yadi vora bhagavAna ne savastra veSa prakaTa karane ke lie vastra grahaNa kiyA thA to usakA vinAza iSTa kaise huA / sadA usa vastra ko dhAraNa karanA cAhiye thA tathA yaha vastra vinaSTa hone vAlA hai aisA unheM jJAta thA to usakA grahaNa nirarthaka thA / yadi unheM yaha jJAta nahIM thA to vIra bhagavAn ajJAnI Thaharate haiM tathA yadi celaprajJApanA iSTa thI to 'prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara kA dharma acela thA' yaha vacana mithyA ThaharatA hai| tathA nava sthAna meM kahA hai-'jaise maiM acela huA vaise hI antima tIrthaMkara acela hoNge|' usase bhI virodha AtA hai| anya tIrthaMkaroM ne bhI vastra dhAraNa kiyA thA to vIra bhagavAn kI taraha unakA bhI vastra tyAgane ke kAla kA nirdeza kyoM nahIM hai ? isalie aisA kahanA yukta hai ki jaba vIra bhagavAn sarvasva tyAga kara dhyAna meM lIna hue to kisI ne unake kandhe para vastra rakha diyaa| yaha to upasarga huaa|' yaha saba uhApoha TIkAkAra aparAjita ko yApanIya hI siddha karatA hai| kyoMki yaha samasyA bhI yApanIyoM dvArA AgamoM ko mAnya karane se utpanna huI thii| jo paramparA AgamoM kA pUrNa viccheda aura upalabdha AgamoM ko apramANa mAna rahI thI, usake liye yaha samasyA hI nahIM thii| isase ArAdhanA kA yApanIya honA sunizcita hai| (5) vijayodayATokA meM jaTAsiMhanandI ke 'varAMgacaritra' se kucha zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| jaTAsiMhanandI ko kannar3a kavi janna ne krANUragaNa kA batAyA hai aura yaha krANUragaNa yApanIya hai / punaH janna ne jaTAsiMha nandI ke atirikta indranandi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai aura pUrva meM hama batA cuke haiM ki ye indranandI aura unake dvArA nirmita chedapiMDa nAmaka grantha yApanIya hai| (1) bhagavatI ArAdhanA mUla gAthA 76 se 86 taka meM aura usakI

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158 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya aparAjita kI vijayodayA TIkA meM mani ke utsarga aura apavAdaliMga kI vistRta carcA hai| isameM vastradhAraNa ko apavAda liMga mAnA gayA hai| hamAre digambara AcArya vastradhArI ko zrAvaka kI koTi meM vargIkRta karate haiM use kisI bhI sthiti meM muni nahIM mAnate haiM, jabaki aparAjita unheM muni kI koTi meM hI vargIkRta karate haiM, kahIM bhI unheM utkRSTa zrAvaka nahIM kahate haiN| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki apavAdaliMga kI yaha carcA muni ke sandarbha meM hI hai| gRhastha ke sandarbha meM nahIM hai / gRhastha to sadaiva hI vastrayukta hotA hai / jo vastradhArI hI hai, usake liye vastradhAraNa apavAda kaise ho sakatA hai ? kintu hamAre kucha mUrdhanya digambara vidvAn zabdoM ko tor3a-maror3a kara apavAda liMga ko gRhastha liMga batAne kA prayAsa karate haiM-paM0 kailAzacandrajI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI bhUmikA meM likhate haiM ki "isa TIkA meM aparAjitasUri ne autsargika kA artha sakala parigraha ke tyAga se utpanna huA kiyA hai tathA ApavAdika liMga kA artha parigraha sahita kiyA hai, kyoMki yatiyoM ke apavAda kA kAraNa hone se parigraha ko apavAda kahate haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki ApavAdika liMga kA dhArI gRhastha hI hotA hai| muni to autsargika liMga kA ho dhArI hotA hai" kintu apavAda kI unakI yaha vyAkhyA bhrAnta hai| mUla grantha aura TIkA meM apavAda liMga kA tAtparya liMga, aNDakoSa Adi meM doSa hone para yA sambhrAnta kula kA evaM lajjAlu hone para vastra yukta rahakara bhI muni caryA karanA hai| apavAdaliMgI muni hI hotA hai, gRhastha nhiiN| isa sambandha meM DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA kA dRSTikoNa yathArtha hai| ve likhatI haiM ki "apavAda utsarga sApekSa hotA hai| parigraha tyAga muni kA utsarga liMga hai ataH parigraha dhAraNa bhI yati kA hI apavAda liMga hotA hogA | gRhastha to parigrahI hotA hI hai / ataH apavAdaliMga muni kA hI hotA hai|" yaha bAta isI tathya ko pramANita karatI hai ki aparAjita ko vijayodayATIkA yApanIya kRti hai| (7) digambara paramparA meM pUjyapAda, akalaka Adi rAtribhojanatyAga ko Alokita pAna-bhojana nAmaka ahiMsA mahAvrata kI bhAvanA meM samAhita karate haiM, vahAM zvetAmbara mAnya dazavaikAlika Adi Agama aura 1. dekheM jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya-le0 DA0 sAgaramala jaina, pR0 43.44 -2. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 120 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 159 yApanIya paramparAeM ise chaTheM vrata ke rUpa meM mAnya karatI haiM / vijayodayATIkA meM rAtri bhojana tyAga ko chaThA vrata kahA jAnA yahI pramANita karatA hai ki vaha yApanIya kRti hai / (8) digambara paramparA arahaMta ke avarNavAda ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kevala ke kavalAhAra ko prastuta karatI hai kintu bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM arahaMta ke avarNa vAda kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kevali kavalAhAra kA udAharaNa prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isa AdhAra para zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne aparAjita aura unakI vijayodayA TIkA ko yApanIya mAnA hai, jo ucita hI hai / 4 (9) vijayodayATIkA meM jinakalpa, parihAra saMyama, Alanda, vijahanA Adi ke AcAra kI jina viziSTa vidhiyoM kA varNana hai, unakA varNana digambara sAhitya meM nahIM hai, jabaki zvetAmbara mAnya sAhitya meM milatA hai / " isase bhI aparAjita ke yApanIya hone kI sambhAvanA puSTa hotI hai| (10) vijayodayATIkA meM bhikSu kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai / yaha vivaraNa zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM to upalabdha hotA hai, kintu digambara paramparA meM kahIM bhI bhikSu pratimAoM kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki aparAjita zvetAmbara AgamoM kA hI anusaraNa kara rahe haiM / ataH yaha bhI unake yApanIya hone kA hI eka pramANa hai / (11) mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura vijayodayATIkA meM vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa ke vivecana ke prasaMga meM sAta gharoM se bhikSA lene kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, vaha digambara paramparA ke anukUla nahIM hai / isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyoM meM zvetAmbaroM ke anurUpa pAtra meM 2. ( a ) dazavaikAlika aura usakI agastyacUrNa, pR0 86 / (ba) bhagavatI ArAdhanA ( TIkA sahita) bhAga 1, pR0 330 / (sa) savArthasiddhi 6 / 19 / 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhAga 1, pR0 91 / 4. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 134 / A. vahI, pR0 135 // 6. (a) bhagavatI ArAdhanA (TIkA sahita) bhAga 1, pR0 371 | (ba) yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 135 /

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160 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya AhAra lAkara ApavAdika sthiti meM upAzraya meM AhAra grahaNa karane kI paramparA rahI hogii| yaha paramparA yApanIyoM kI hI ho sakatI hai, digambaroM kI nahIM, kyoMki yApanIya apavAdamArga meM pAtra meM bhikSA grahaNa karanA mAnya karate the / (12) vijayodayATIkA meM savedya, samyaktva, hAsya, puruSaveda, zubhanAma, zubhagotra, zubhaAyu ko puNyaprakRti kahA gayA hai| isa kathana kA samarthana digambara paramparA meM kahIM bhI nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| jabaki tattvArtha bhASya meM yaha mAnyatA upasthita hai aura usakI AlocanA bhI siddhasenagaNa ne kI hai / isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki aparAjita yApa -- nIya rahe hoMge / " yadi gaharAI se vijayodayATIkA kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to aura bhI aise aneka tathya mila jAyeMge, jinake AdhAra para use yApanIya kahA jA sakatA hai / Avazyaka ( pratikramaNasUtra ) jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA dvArA, paM0 motIcanda gotamacanda koThArI dvArA sampAdita 'pratikramaNa-grantha trayI' kA prakAzana huA hai vastutaH yaha acela paramparA meM pracalita Avazyaka sUtra hI hai'| isa grantha ke kartA gautama svAmI aura TIkAkAra prabhAcandra paNDita haiM / mUlagrantha zaurasenI prAkRta meM hai aura TIkA saMskRta bhASA meM hai / jahA~ taka grantha ke kartA kA prazna hai yadyapi TIkAkAra ne gautama svAmI kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu yaha anuzruti hI ho sakatI hai kyoMki grantha meM zayyambhava ke dazavekAlika kI prathama gAthA bhI hai| vastutaH yaha kisI prAcIna AcArya kI kRti hai, jo ardhamAgadhI ke Avazyaka sUtra ke hI AdhAra para banI hai | mujhe nimna kAraNoM se yaha grantha bhI yApanIya paramparA kA pratIta hotA hai ( 1 ) sarvaprathama isa grantha kI viSaya vastu kA lagabhaga assI pratizata bhAga zaurasenI yA ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke athavA krama sambandhI antara ko chor3akara vahI hai, jo zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita Avazyaka sUtra meM 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 135 / 2. samadA thavo vaMdaNa pADikkamaNaM taheva NAdavvaM / paccakkhANa visaggo karaNIyAvAsayAchappi || - pratikramaNa granyatrayI pu0 14

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yApanIya sAhitya : 161 hai| hama pUrva meM hI yaha siddha kara cake haiM ki yApanIya granthoM kI zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya se bahuta nikaTatA hai| isa AdhAra para yaha yApanIya paramparA kI kRti pratIta hotI hai| ( 2 ) isake kartA ke rUpa meM gotama svAmI kA ullekha hone se itanA to avazya siddha hotA hai ki kRti kA AdhAra avibhakta prAcIna paramparA hI hai / zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM mahAvIra ko sapratikramaNa dharma kA pratipAdaka hone sambandhI pATha ati prAcIna hai aura zvetAmbara evaM yApanIyoM meM samAna rUpa se pracalita rahe haiN| punaH isake TIkAkAra prabhAcanda batAye haiN| inhoMne candraprabhadeva ke sAnnidhya meM yaha TIkA likhI thii| hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ye prabhAcandra prajJeyakamala mArtaNDa evaM nyAya kUmada candra ke kartA prabhAcandra se bhinna hai| I0 san 980 ke cAlukya vaMzake saudatti abhilekha meM yApanIya saMgha ke kaNDUra (krANUra) gaNa ke prabhAcanda kA ullekha hai| abhilekha meM inheM zabdavidyAgamakamala evaM SaTtakilaGka kahA gayA hai / ' inhoMne apanI paramparA ke zAkaTAyana ke vyAkaraNa-grantha zabdAnuzAsana para nyAsa likhA thA, ataH sambhava yahI hai ki inhoMne apanI paramparA meM pracalita pratikramaNa para TIkA bhI likhI hogI / TIkAkAra kA yApanIya honA yahI siddha karatA hai ki yaha grantha yApanIya paramparA kA hai| (3) isa pratikramaNa sUtra ke yApanIya hone kA eka anya pramANa yaha bhI hai ki isameM 'rAtri bhojana viramaNa' ko sarvatra chaThe vrata yA aNuvrata ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, zrImatI kusumapaToriyA Adi aneka vidvAn yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki rAtri bhojana viramaNa ko chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM mAnya karane kI pravRtti yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara hai| kyoMki dazavaikAlika Adi prAcIna AgamoM, bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura usakI vijayodayATIkA meM sarvatra ise chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA gayA hai jabaki digambara paramparA isakA samAveza 1. dekheM-jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 160 2. ( a ) ahAvare chaThe aNuvvade savva bhaMte rAibhoyaNa paccakkhAmI / pratikramaNagranthatrayI-pR0 130 (ba) rAya bhoyaNaveramaNachaTThANi |-vhii pR0 100 /

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162 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya Alokita pAna-bhojana nAmaka prathama vrata kI bhAvanA meM karatI hai / yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki isa sUtra meM prathama mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM meM managupti, vacanagupti, kAyasaMyama, IryA tathA eSaNA samiti kA ullekha haA hai-usameM Alokita pAna-bhojana kA ullekha nahIM hai| ( dekheM, pR0 131-32) (4) isameM 'eUNavisAe NAhAjjhayaNesu' kahakara do gAthAoM meM jJAtAsUtra ke 19 adhyayanoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / ye donoM gAthAyeM evaM inameM ullekhita jJAtA ke unnIsa adhyayana Aja bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya jJAtAdharmakathA meM milate haiM / mAtra do-tInanAmoM meM antara hai, vaha bheda bhI lipidoSa se huA hogA prastuta grantha kA ullekhaukkoDaNAga-kummaDaya-rohiNI-sissa-tUba-saMdhAde / mAdaMgimalli caMdima tAvaddevaya tika tajAya kiNNe ya // 1 // susukeya-avarakaMke-NaMdIphalamudaga jAha maMDUke / etto ya puNDarIgo NAhajjhANANi uguvIsaM / / 2 / / -pratikramaNa granthatrayo pR0 51 bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha pATha azuddha hai| jJAtAsUtra kA ullekha isa prakAra haiukkhittaNAe saMghADe aMDe kumme ya selge| tumbe ya rohiNI mallo mAiMdI caMdimAi ya // 1 // dAvaddave udaga NAe, maMDukke teyalI vi ya / NaMdiphale amarakaMkA AhaNNe susamAI ya // 2 // avare ya puNDarIe NAmA egUNavIsaime-jJAtAdharmakathA 11 jJAtavya hai ki jJAtAdharmakathA ke malli adhyayana meM mallitIrthaMkara kA strI rUpa meM ullekha hai / ataH yaha adhyayana usI paramparA ko mAnya ho sakatA thA, jo strI-tIrthaMkara aura strI-makti kI avadhAraNA ko mAnya karatI ho| yaha spaSTa hai ki yApanIya ho eka aisA sampradAya rahA hai jo AgamoM ko aura strImukti ko mAnya karate the, ataH siddha hai ki yaha pratikramaNasUtra yApanIya paramparA kA hai / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki TIkAkAra ke kAla taka jJAtAdharmakathA ke adhyayana adhyApana kI pravRti yApanIya paramparA meM vilupta ho cukI thI, ataH kucha kathAoM ke sandarbha meM unakI vyAkhyAe~ bhrAnta hai / sAtha hI unhoMne jJAtA ke unnIsa adhyAyoM ke sandarbha . meM anya do vaikalpika mAnyatAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / isakA tAtparya

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yApanIya sAhitya : 163 hai ki yaha grantha yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha rahA hai kyoMki yApanIyoM meM zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ke adhyayana aura unheM mAnya karane kI pravRtti rahI hai| (5) isa pratikramaNa sUtra meM tevosAe saddayaDajjhANesu kaha kara sUtrakRtAMga ke tevIsa adhyayanoM kA ullekha tIna gAthAoM meM huA hai / yahA~ bhI lipi - doSa ke kAraNa kucha adhyAyoM ke nAmoM meM parivartana huA hai, kintu adhikAMza nAma vahI hai jo vartamAna meM sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha hote haiM tulanA ke lie donoM ke mUla pATha nIce diye jA rahe haiM pratikramaNa granthatrayI meM sUtrakRtAMga ke adhyAyoM kI nAma sUcaka gAthAyeM nimna haiM samae vedAlijhe etto uvasagga itthipariNAme / NirayaMtaravIrathadI kusIlaparibhAsie virie // 1 // dhammo ya aggamagge samovasaraNaM tikAlagaMthahide / AdA taditthagAthA puMDariko kiriyaThANe ya // 2 // AhArayapariNAme paccakkhANANagAraguNakitti / suda atthA NAlaMde suddayaDajjhANANi tevIsaM // 3 // samavAyAMga meM ullekhita sUtrakRtAMga ke adhyAyoM kI nAma sUcI isa prakAra hai tevIsaM sUyagaDajjhayaNA paNNattA, taM jahA - samae 1. vetAlie 2. uvasaggapariNNA 3. thIpariNNA 4. narayavibhattI 5. mahAvIrathuI 6. kusIlaparibhAsie 7. virie 8. dhamme 9 samAhI 10. magge 11. samosaraNe 12. Ahatahie 13. gaMthe 14. jamaIe 15. gAthA 16. puMDarIe 27. kiriyAThANA 18. AhArapariNNA 19. apaccakkhANakiriA 20. aNagArasurya 21. addaijjaM 22. nAlaMdaijjaM 23 / [ sUtrakRtAGga ke teIsa adhyayana kahe gaye haiM- jaise - 1. samaya, 2. vaitAlika, 3. upasargaparijJA, 4. strIparijJA, 5. narakavibhakti, 6. mahAvIrastuti, 7. kuzIlaparibhASita, 8. vIrya, 9. dharma, 10. samAdhi, 11. mArga, 12. samavasaraNa, 13. yAthAtathya ( AkhyAtahita ) 14. grantha, 12. yamatIta, 16. gAthA, 17. puNDarIka, 18. kriyAsthAna, 19. AhAraparijJA, 20. apratyAkhyAnakriyA, 21. anagArazruta, 22. Adraya, 23 nAlandIya ]

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164 : jainadharma kA yApanoya sampradAya donoM ullekhoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para hama pAte haiM ki samavAyAMga meM jahA~ dasavAM adhyayana 'samAdhi' kahA gayA hai, vahIM pratikramaNa granthayayI kI isa gAthA meM use 'agra' kahA gayA hai / isI prakAra terahaveM adhyAya kA nAma jahA~ samavAyAMga meM AkhyAta - hita hai vahA~ isa pratikramaNa sUtra meM use 'trikAla' kahA gayA hai / isI prakAra samavAyAMga meM paMdrahavA~ adhyAya yamatIta ke nAma se ullekhita hai ki isameM 'AtmA' ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki mUla gAthA ke 'gaMthahide AdA' yahI 'grantha' nAmaka adhyAya kA pUrA nAma honA cAhie, jisakA tAtparya hai 'AtmA kI hRdaya granthi' jise samavAyAMga sUtra meM 'grantha' kaha kara hI ullekhita kiyA gayA hai / pratikramaNa granthatrayI meM 'tadittha' kA jo ullekha hai vaha mujhe 'yamatIta' kA hI vikRta rUpa pratIta hotA hai / samavAyAMga meM 21veM adhyAya ko 'anagArazruta' kahA gayA hai, jabaki isa gAthA meM use aNagAra kIrti zruta ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai' kintu donoM ke artha meM koI antara nahIM hai / zvetAmbara mAnya samavAyAMgasUtra ke anusAra isake 22 veM adhyAya kA nAma 'Adraya' hai, jabaki pratikramaNa granthatrayI kI ina gAthAoM meM use 'atthA' kahA gayA hai| vastutaH mUla zabda addaijjaM rahA hai jisakA artha paravartI yApanIya AcAryoM ko spaSTa na hone se unhoMne use 'atthA' kara diyA aura usakA tAtparya arthAdhikAra batAyA / yadi hama ina gAthAoM kI prabhAcandra TIkA dekhate haiM, to jJAta hotA hai ki unake kAla taka yApanIya paramparA meM sUtrakRtAMga ke adhyayana kI pravRti samApta ho gaI thI, ve mUla grantha se paricita bhI nahIM the / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne aneka adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kI jo vyAkhyAyeM kI haiM ve atyanta bhrAnta hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'samaya' nAmaka prathama adhyAya kI viSaya vastu ko 'adhyayana- kAla' ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai, jo ki bilakula bhrAnta hai / upalabdha sUtrakRtAMga meM samaya nAmaka prathama adhyAya vividha dArzanika siddhAntoM ko prastuta karatA hai aura samaya kI yaha siddhAnta paraka vyAkhyA dUsare TIkAkAroM ne kI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ donoM meM adhyAyoM ke mUlanAmoM meM samAnatA hai vahA~ pratrikramaNagranthatrayI ke TIkAkAra ke vicAra alaga haiM, usakA mUla kAraNa yahI hai usa kAla meM yApanIya AcAryoM ke samakSa sUtrakRtAMga nahIM thA / anyathA ve inakI bhrAnta vyAkhyA nahIM karate / pratikramaNasUtra ke isa nirdeza ke atirikta sUtrakRtAMga ke adhyAyoM kA nAmapUrvaka ullekha anya kisI bhI digambara grantha

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yApanIya sAhitya : 165 meM nahIM milatA hai| pratikramaNa sUtra meM sUtrakRtAMga ke ina adhyAyoM kA ullekha spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki jisa paramparA meM yaha pratikramaNa banA, usameM sUtrakRtAMga ke adhyayana kI paramparA rahI hogI, anyathA tatsambandhI pratikramaNa kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| isa AdhAra para bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki uparokta pratikramaNa sUtra yApanIya paramparA kA rahA hai| (6) isa pratikramaNa sUtra meM maMgala ke rUpa meM dazavaikAlika sUtra ke prathama adhyAya kI prathama gAthA ullekhita hai yaha spaSTa hai ki dazavaikAlika sUtra zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI paramparAoM meM 9vIM zatAbdI taka mAnya rahA hai| yApanIya AcArya aparAjita sari ne to bhagavatI arAdhanA kI TIkA ke sAtha hI dazavakAlika kI TIkA bhI likhI thI / durbhAgya se yaha TIkA Aja anupalabdha hai| jaisA ki hama pahale ullekha kara cuke haiM ki isa pratikramaNasUtra meM aneka pATha yathAvat rUpa meM yA vAcanAbheda Adi ke sAtha zvetAnbara mAnya Avazyakastra meM pAye jAte haiN| AvazyakasUtra ko bhI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI mAnya karate the| ataH phalita yahI hotA hai ki yaha pratikramaNa rUpa mUlataH yApanIya paramparA rahA hogA, jise bAda meM digambara AcAryoM ne apanA liyA hogaa| bRhatkathAkoza ( ArAdhanAkathAkoza) bRhatkathAkoza ( ArAdhanAkathAkoza ) yApanIya paramparA kA eka anya mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| yaha grantha saMskRta bhASA meM racita hai| isameM 157 kathAe~ haiM, jo mUlataH bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM ullikhita haiM, kintu yahA~ ve kathAe~ vistAra se varNita hai| isakA racanAkAla I0 san 932 hai| isakI zloka saMkhyA 12500 hai| yaha grantha nimna AdhAroM para yApanIya pratIta hotA hai (1) isa bRhatkathAkozakI kathAoM kA AdhAra bhagavatI-ArAdhanA hai| svayaM kathAkoza kartA hariSeNa ne bhI ise ArAdhanoddhRta kahA hai ArAdhanoddhRta pathyo bhavyAnAM bhAvitAtmanAm / hariSeNakRto bhAti kathAkozo mahItale // -ArAdhanAkathAkoza prazasti 8 jJAtavya hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai / usa

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166 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya para apane grantha ko AdhArita karanA yaha siddha karatA hai ki granthakAra bhI usI paramparA se sambaddha rahA hogaa| DA0 zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne bho isI AdhAra para ise yApanIya grantha mAnA hai| ve likhatI haiM ki 'yApanIya grantha ke AdhAra para isakI nirmiti bhI isakI yApanIyatA kI ora saMketa karatI hai|' (2) isa grantha ke lekhaka hariSeNa ne svayaM apane Apako punnATasaMghI batAyA hai / yaha punnATasaMgha yApanIya paramparA ke punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa se ho vikasita huA hai, isa tathya ko hama pUrva meM siddha kara cuke haiN| svayaM DA0 zrImatI kusuma paToriyA likhatI haiM ki 'punnATasaMgha hI yApanIya saMgha athavA usakI koI zAkhA hogI yaha mAnane ke lie pramANa hai-strImukti tathA gRhasthamukti jaise siddhAntoM kA samarthana to punnATasaMgha ke yApanIya hone kA sabala pramANa hai'| punnATa saMgha yApanIya paramparA se spaSTatayA sambandhita hai, isa tathya ko carcA hama pUrva meM hI kara cuke haiN| kintu kucha naye tathyoM ke AdhAra para punaH isa prazna para eka bAra vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai| eka abhilekha meM 'zrIyApanIya nandIsaMgha punnAgavRkSamUlagaNe zrI kityAcAryAnvaye' aisA spaSTa ullekha hai / inake atirikta raDDavagga, hAsUra, huli, kolhApura Adi ke abhilekhoM meM bhI punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kA ullekha hai| prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA punnATa saMgha aura 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' eka haiM ? isa sambandha meM hameM sarvaprathama punnATa aura punnAga zabda para vicAra kara lenA caahiye| harivaMzapurANa kI bhUmikA meM DA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA spaSTa rUpa se yaha likhate haiM ki punnAga aura punnATa zabda paryAyavAcI haiM / ApTe ne apane saMskRta hindI koza meM punnATa aura punnAga donoM zabdoM ko eka vRkSa kA nAma batAyA hai| yadyapi jaina purANoM evaM abhilekhoM meM punnATa zabda kA prayoga mukhya rUpa se karnATaka deza ke lie huA haiM, 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya pR0 153 / 2. vahI pR0 149 evaM pR0 153 / 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekhakramAMka 124 / 4. jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha bhAga 2 dekheM shbdsuucii| 5. harivaMzapurANa bhUmikA ( paM0 darabArIlAla koThiyA) pR0 23 / 6. saMskRta hindI koza ( ApTe ) pR0 618 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 167 kintu punnATa yA punnAga zabda kA mUla artha nAgakesara kA vRkSa hai | karnATaka prAMta meM nAgakesara bahutAyata se hotI hai, ataH nAgakesara kI bahulatA ke kAraNa hI usa deza ko punnATa kahA gayA hai / punnATa yA ponnATa kannaDa bhASA kA zabda rUpa hai aura punnAga saMskRta bhASA kA / kintu isa bhinnatA ke kAraNa inake mUla artha meM kahIM bheda nahIM hai / punnATa saMgha aura punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa eka ho hai / jaise nandIgaNa Age calakara nandIsaMgha bana gayA usI prakAra punnAgagaNa punnATasaMgha bana gayA aura usameM vRkSa sUcaka 'punnAga' zabda deza sUcaka 'punnATa' bana gayA / punaH yApanIya punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa ke eka abhilekha meM kityAcAryAnvaya kA bhI ullekha huA haiM kittUra karnATaka pradeza kI rAjadhAnI rahI hai / kityAcAryAnvaya saMbhavataH kittUra se hI sambandhita rahI hogI / punnATa saMgha aura punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa eka hI the isakA eka pramANa yaha bhI hai ki eka hI kAla ke aura eka hI AcArya vijayakIrti se sambandhita do bhinna abhilekhoM meM se eka meM unheM punnATasaMgha' kA aura dUsare meM unhe punnAgavRkSamUlagaNare kA kahA gayA hai / ataH punnATa saMgha punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kA ho paravartI rUpa hai aura isakA yApanIya honA sunizcita hai / (3) hariSeNa ke isa kathAkoza meM strImukti kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / rohiNI kI 57vIM kathA meM spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki isa bhUtalapara jo puruSa yA strI bhaktipUrvaka aisA karate haiM, ve kramazaH kevalajJAna aura mokSa ko prApta hote hai / ( jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ 'rAmA' zabda strI ke lie prayukta huA hai ) isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki granthakAra ko strImukti mAnya hai aura yaha usake yApanIya hone kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai / (4) prastuta kRti meM strI ke dvArA tIrthaMkara nAma evaM gotra ke bandha kA bhI saMketa hai / 108 vIM kathA meM rukmiNI ke dvArA tIrthaMkara gotra bA~dhane 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 5 lekha kramAMka 98 / ( san 1954 sulatAnapura ) 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 4 lekha kramAMka 259 / ( san 1965 ekasambi ) 3. evaM karoti yo bhaktyA naro rAmA mahItale / labhate kevalajJAnaM mokSaM ca kramataH svayam || bRhatkathAkoza 57 / 235 / /

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168 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kA spaSTa ullekha hai / isa kathAnaka ke anusAra rukmiNI ne saMyamazrI nAmaka AryikA ke pAsa zuddha tapa karake tIrthaMkara gotra kA bandhana kiyA / digambara paramparA meM strI ke dvArA tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke bandhana kA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara mAnya Agama aura yApanIya paramparA meM aneka striyoM dvArA tIrthaMkara gotra arjita karane ke ullekha haiM / ataH strI ke dvArA tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke bandhana kA ullekha hone se yaha kRti yApanIya hI siddha hotI hai / (5) kathAkoza ko 57 vIM kathA meM gRhastha- mukti kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki guNavrata evaM zikSAvrata se yukta tathA maunavrata se samanvita siddhibhakti se koI aNuvrata dhArI siddhi ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra yahA~ gRhastha mukti kA bhI samarthana dekhA jAtA hai, jo vastutaH zvetAmbara yA yApanIya mAnyatA hI ho sakatI hai | (6) prastuta kRti meM strI ke dvArA sarvaparigrahatyAga kA ullekha bhI huA hai / kathAkoza kI 57 vIM kathA meM hI rohiNI aura mahAdevI ke dvArA sarva parigraha ke tyAga kA ullekha hai / digambara paramparA ke anusAra strI vastra rUpa parigraha kA tyAga nahIM kara sakatI aura yadi vaha vastra kA tyAga nahIM kara sakatI hai to phira sarvaparigraha kI tyAgI bhI nahIM mAnI jA sktii| aneka digambara AcAryoM ne use upacAra se hI mahAvratI mAnA hai, yathArtha meM nahIM / jabaki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA strI ko vastra hote hue bhI sarvaparigraha kA tyAgI kahA gayA hai / mahAvratAropaNa karate samaya use aparigraha mahAvrata ho grahaNa karavAyA jAtA hai, parigrahaparimANa vrata nahIM / vastra hote hue bhI sarvaparigraha kA tyAga sambhava hai, yaha zvetAmbara aura yApanoya mAnyatA hai / ataH bRhatkathAkoza yApanIya hai / (7) isameM eka sthAna para ArthikAdi ke vastradAna ko bhI carcA hai 1. baddhvA tIrthaGkaraM gotraM tapaH zuddha vidhAya ca / after strItvamAdAya divi jAto suro mahAn / / bRhatkathAkoza 108 / 125 // 2. aNuvratadharaH kazcit guNazikSAvratAnvitaH / siddhibhakto vrajet siddhiM maunavrata samanvitaH // vahI ( 57/567 ) 3. rohiNI ca mahAdevI hitvA sarvaM parigraham / vAsupUjyaM jinaM natvA sumatyante tapo'grahIt // vahI 57/582 / /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 169 kintu anyatra yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhakti tatpara vyaktiyoM ko karmakSaya ke nimitta samasta saMgha ko vastrAdi kA dAna denA cAhiye / (57 / 554) saMgha ko vastradAna kA gauravagAna karane vAlI paramparA kisI bhI sthiti meM digambara nahIM ho sakatI hai / (8) ArAdhanA kathAkoza ( bRhatkathAkoza ) meM annikAputra, metArya Adi kucha kathAyeM digambara paramparA meM apracalita rahI haiM, yApanIya granthoM ke atirikta kisI bhI digambara paramparA ke grantha meM ye kathAyeM nahIM pAyI jAtI haiN| jabaki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA meM Avazyaka niyukti Adi meM ye kathAyeM pAyI jAtI hai / isalie bhI ArAdhanA kathAkoza aura usake kartA hariSeNa yApanIya pratIta hote haiN| bRhatkathAkoza ke yApanIyatva meM bAdhakatayya aura unake prAmANya kA prazna DA0 zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ke anusAra bRhatkathAkoza kA bhadrabAhu kathAnaka isa grantha ko yApanIya mAnane meM bAdhaka pratIta hotA hai / ataH isa sambandha meM gambhIra punarvicAra kI AvazyakatA hai kyoMki isameM ardhasphAlaka sampradAya se zvetAmbara aura usase yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti batAyI gayI hai| kintu isa kathAnaka kA bhI digambara paramparA se tIna bAtoM meM virodha AtA hai| prathama to yaha ki bhadrabAha muni dakSiNa nahIM gaye, jabaki digambara paramparA meM unakA dakSiNa jAnA sunizcita hai| punaH digambara paramparA meM sthUlibhadra, rAmilla aura bhadrAcArya nAmaka AcAryoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki isa kathAnaka meM unakA ullekha hai aura unake dvArA punaH acelakatva ke grahaNa kA bhI nirdeza hai| isameM candragupta muni 1. tataH samastasaMghasya dehibhirbha ktitatparaiH / deyaM vastrAdidAnaM ca karmakSayanimittataH / bRhatkathAkoza 571554 / / 2. dekheM (a)-bRhatkathAkoza-kathA kramAMka 130 evaM 105 (ba) (i) aNNiyAputta, Avazyaka niyukti 1190-91 (ii) metejja vahI 886-870 3. dekheM-prApya bhAdrapadaM dezaM zrImadujjayinIbhavam / cakArAnazanaM dhIraH sa dinAni bahUnyalam // 131/43 // 4. rAmillaH sthaviraH sthUlabhadrAcAryastrayo'pyamI / mahAvairAgyasaMpannA vizAkhAcArya mAyayuH // 131/65 //

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170 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kA nAma vizAkhAcArya hone kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI ullekha hai ki sukAla hone para ve dakSiNa se punaH madhyadeza aaye| jabaki digambara paramparA meM candragupta kA muni dIkSA kA nAma prabhAcandra batAyA gayA hai aura vaha candragupta aura bhadrabAhu donoM kA dakSiNa meM hI dehAnta hone kI bAta kahatI hai| ___ isa prakAra yaha kathAnaka bhI digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM se thor3A haTakara hai, ataH ise yApanIya honA cAhie / zrImatI DA0 kusuma paToriyA yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki bhadrabAhu kathA kA yaha matabheda bhI bRhakathAkozakAra ke yApanIya hone kA saMketa karatA hai| yadyapi isameM ardha sphAlaka se zvetAmbara kAmbala tIrtha kI aura usa kAmbalatIrtha se yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti kI kathA jisa rUpa meM prastuta haiM-usase aisA lagatA hai ki yaha grantha yApanIya saMgha kA nahIM ho| kintu DA0 zrImatI kusuma paToriyA kI spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki isameM yApanIyoM kI utpatti sambandhI kathAbhAga prakSipta hai| ve likhatI haiM ki "isa aMza ko par3hane se pratIta hotA hai ki arddhaphAlaka sampradAya se kAmbalatIrtha kI utpatti batAkara yaha kathA samApta ho gaI hai / samApta kathA meM eka zloka jor3akara yApanIyoM kI utpatti kA kathana prakSipta lagatA hai| kyoMki jaba hariSeNa ne kAmbalatIrtha kI utpatti kI kathA aneka padyoM meM vistAra se dI hai, to yApanIyoM kI utpatti kI kathA bhI vistAra se dI jAnI cAhie thii| antima zloka yApanIya virodhI vyakti dvArA jor3A huA pratIta hotA hai, apane kathana ko vajana dene ke lie 'nana' zabda jor3A gayA hai| hariSeNa ko yApanIya mAnane ke lie strImukti tathA gRhasthamukti ke ullekha prabala pramANa haiM'2 / hariSeNa aura jinasena racita harivaMza purANa hariSeNa aura jinasena racita harivaMza purANa ko bhI vidvAnoM ne nimna kAraNoM se yApanIya grantha mAnA hai tyaktvA'rdhakarpaTaM sadyaH saMsArAt trstmaansaaH| namranthyaM hi tapaH kRtvA munirUpaM dadhustrayaH // 131/66 / 1. bhadrabAhuguroH ziSyo vishaakhaacaarynaamkH| madhyadazaM sa saMprApa dakSiNApathadezataH // 131/46 // 2. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 153

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yApanIya sAhitya : 171 1. harivaMza purANakAra hariSeNa aura jinasena punnATasaMghI haiM / yaha hama pUrva meM hI batA cuke haiM ki punnATasaMgha yApanoya punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa kA hI paravartI rUpa hai / vaha yApanIya paraMparA se hI vikasita huA hai / ataH isa saMgha ke AcAryoM ko aneka yApanIya mAnyatAe~ svIkRta bhI rahI haiM / jaisA ki hama dekha cuke haiM ki hariSeNa ne apane bRhatkathAkoza meM spaSTa rUpa se strImukti aura gRhasthamukti kA samarthana kiyA hai, isase unakA yApanIya honA svayaMsiddha hai / DA0 zrImatI kusuma paToriyA likhatI haiM ki - kathA - kozakAra hariSeNa ne strImukti aura gRhasthamukti kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai, ata: unheM yApanIya honA caahie| harivaMzapurANakAra bhI usI punnATa - saMgha ke haiM / ataH unheM bhI yApanoya hI honA cAhie / 1 2. zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM meM AcArAMga, kalpasUtra Adi ke Agamika ullekhoM ke AdhAra para mahAvIra ke yazodA se vivAha kA kathAnaka pracalita rahA hai / 2 harivaMzapurANa meM bhI hariSeNa ne mahAvIra ke yazodA se vivAha prasaMga ko uThAyA hai / isase bhI unakA yApanIya honA siddha hotA hai / 3. zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyayana ke sAtaveM uddezaka meM vRddha yA glAna muniyoM ke paraspara AhArAdi se sevA sambandhI nimna cAra vikalpoM kA ullekha hai - (a) maiM anya muniyoM ko AhArAdi lAkara dU~gA aura unake dvArA lAye gaye AhArAdi ko svIkAra bhI karU~gA / (ba) maiM anya muniyoM ko AhArAdi lAkara dUMgA, kintu unake dvArA lAyA gayA AhArAdi svIkAra nahIM karU~gA / (sa) maiM anya muniyoM dvArA AhArAdi se kI jAne vAlI sevA ko svIkAra to karU~gA, kintu svayaM unakI sevA nahIM karU~gA / (da) maiM AhArAdi se na to anya muniyoM kI sevA karUMgA aura na unake dvArA kI jAne vAlI sevA ko svIkAra kahA~gA | 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 149 / 2. AcArAMga, dvitIyazrutaskandha adhyayana / 3. yazodayAM sutayA yazodayA pavitrayA vIra vivAha maMgalam / 4. AcArAMga, 1 / 8 / 7 / 222. (saM0 ghevaracaMda jI bAMThiyA, bIkAnera ) / - harivaMza 66 / 8

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172 : jainadharma kA yApanIya gampradAya uparokta cAra vikalpoM meM se digambara paraMparA meM mAtra caturtha vikalpa hI pracalita evaM mAnya rhaa| kyoMki pAtra Adi nahIM rakhane se ve isa prakAra sevA karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiN| isake viparIta zvetAmbara paraMparA meM pAtrAdi kA aparihArya grahaNa hone se prathama vikalpa pracalita rahA hai aura caturtha vikalpa ko jina-kalpa kahA gyaa| kintu yApanIya paraMparA meM utsarga mAtra meM caturtha aura apavAda mArga meM prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya vikalpa bhI mAnya rahe haiN| usake grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi meM rugNa evaM glAna sAdhu ko AhAra-pAnaka lAkara dene aura isa prakAra unakI sevA karane kA ullekha hai| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai ki cAra muni kSapaka ke liye AhAra lAte haiM aura cAra muni paanii| anya cAra usa lAye hue AhAra ko rakSA karate haiN|' zvetAMbara paraMparA meM glAna evaM rogI muni ko AhAra-auSadhi Adi se sevA karane sambandhI yaha Adarza nandISeNa mani ke kathAnaka meM paryApta rUpa se vikasita huA hai| ___ zvetAmbara sAhitya meM nandIsena kA yaha kathAnaka AvazyakacUNi,2 dazavaikAlika cUrNi , jItakalpabhASya, sthAnAMga abhayadeva vRtti meM ullekhita hai| yahI nandISaNa kA kathAnaka bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke atirikta jinasena evaM hariSeNa ke harivaMza purANa meM bhI varNita hai| jisameM kahA gayA hai ki nandISaNa muni apanI labdhi (siddhi) ke bala para rogI muni ke hAthoM meM apekSita AhAra-auSadhi Adi prakaTa kara dete haiN| yApanIya paraMparA meM pANItala bhojana kI paraMparA rahI hai, ataH usI ke anusAra yahA~ lAkara dene ke sthAna para sambhavataH hAthoM meM prakaTa kara dene kI bAta kahI gayI ho| 'kintu isI kathA meM Age calakara nandiSeNa muni dvArA svayaM gocarI belA meM jAkara rogI ko apekSita pathya-AhAra lAkara dene kA bhI spaSTa ullekha -662, 663 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 661 / 2. AvazyakaNi bhAga 2, pR0 94 / 3. dazavakAlikacUrNi, pR0 59 / 4. jItakalpabhASya, gAthA 825-846 / 5. sthAnAMga abhayadeva vRtti, pR0 474 / / 6. harivaMzapurANa-~sarga 18 / 126-166 / 7. haste bheSajadhAzu jAyate |-vhii 181138 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 173 hai|' isa kathA meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki nandiSeNa ne dUsaroM kI vaiyAvRtya to kI thI, kintu sallekhanA ke avasara para ve apanI vaiyAvRtya na to svayaM karate the aura na anya se karavAte the / isase isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki ve AcArAMga meM varNita dvitIya vikalpa ko lekara sAdhanA karate the / isa sambandha meM harivaMza kI zvetAMbara mAnya Agamika paramparA se nikaTatA usake yApanIya hone kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai / 4. jinasena aura hariSeNa ke harivaMzapurANa ke yApanIya mAnane kA eka AdhAra yaha bhI hai ki usameM gyAraha aMga, dRSTivAda tathA caudaha pUrva kA ullekha to hai hI, kintu usameM SaDAvazyaka granthoM, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa, vyavahAra, kalpAkalpa, puMDarIka, mahApuMDarIka aura nizItha kA kA bhI do sthaloM para spaSTa rUpa se ullekha huA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki tInako chor3akara ye grantha Aja bhI zvetAMbara paraMparA meM upalabdha haiM / yApanIya paraMparA meM bhI 1. gatvAgocarIvelAyAmAnIya sahasAdadau / harivaMzapurANa 18/164 / 2. aGgapraviSTatattvArthaM pratipAdya jinezvaraH / // 101 // aGgabAhyamavocattatpratipAdyArtha rUpataH sAmAyika yathArthAkhyaM sacaturviMzatistavam / vandanAM ca tataH pUtAM pratikramaNameva ca // 102 // vainayikaM vineyebhyaH kRtikarma tato'vadat / dazavekAlikAM pRthvImuttarAdhyayanaM tathA // 103 // taM kalpaH yavahAraM ca kalpAkalpaM tathA mahAkalpaM ca puNDarIkaM ca sumahApuNDarIkakam // 104 // tathA niSadyakAM prAyaH prAyazcittopavarNanam / jagattrayaguruH prAha pratipAdya hitodyataH // 105 // -- - harivaMzapurANa 1 / 101-105. jinastava vidhAnAkhyaH sa caturviMzatistavaH / varNako vandanA vandyavandanAvidhivAdinI || dravye kSetre ca kAlAdau kRtAvadyasya zodhanam / pratikramaNamAkhyAti pratikramaNanAmakam // darzanajJAnacAritratapovIyapacArikam } paJcadhAH vinayaM vakti tad vainayikanAmakam / / catuH zirastridvinataM dvAdazAvarta meva ca / kRtikarmAkhyamAcaSTe kRtikarmavidhiM param //

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"174 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha Adi se aneka sthaloM para gAthAyeM uddhRta kI gaI haiM / bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ko vijayodayA TIkA meM inakI aneka gAthAyeM nirdiSTa haiM aura chedapiNDazAstra, chedanavanati Adi meM ina granthoM kI pramANikatA kA ullekha hai / yadyapi jinasena aura hariSeNa ne ina sabhI granthoM ko bhagavAna dvArA upadiSTa batA diyA hai, yaha sambhavataH isalie kiyA gayA hogA ki ina granthoM kI pramANikatA banI rhe| kintu isa ullekha se itanA to spaSTa hai ki jinasena ko ye grantha pramANa rUpa meM mAnya the| isase unakA yApanIya paraMparA se saMbaMdhita honA siddha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki mAtra yApanIya paraMparA meM hI navIM zatI taka ina granthoM kA pracalana rahA hai aura ina granthoM ke viccheda kI bAta bhI harivaMza purANa meM nahIM kahI gaI hai| 5. samantabhadra, devanandI Adi digambara AcAryoM ke sAtha siddhasena Adi zvetAmbara tathA indra (nandI), vajrasari, raviSNa, varAGga Adi yApanIya AcAryoM kA grantha ke prArambha meM Adara pUrvaka ullekha yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve udAra yApanoya paraMparA se sambaddha rahe hoNge| (6) harivaMza purANa meM hameM sagranthamukti aura anya liGgamukti ke bhI nirdeza prApta hote haiN| jisa prakAra zvetAMbara paraMparA meM mAnya uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM mukti ke sandarbha meM vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai usI dazavaikAlikaM vakti gocaragrahaNAdikam / uttarAdhyayanaM vIranirvANagamanaM tathA / / tatkalpavyavahArAkhyaM prAha kalpaM tapasvinAm / akalpyasevanAyAM ca prAyazcittavidhi tathA / / yatkalpAkalpasaMjJaM syAt kalpAkalpadvayaM punaH / mahAkalpaM punadravyakSetrakAlocitaM yateH // devopapAdamAcaSTe puNDarIkAkhyamapyataH / devInAmupapAdaM tu puNDarIkaM mahAdikam // niSadyakAkhyamAkhyAti prAyazcittavidhi param / aGgavAhyazrutasyAyaM vyApAraH pratipAditaH // -harivaMza 10 / 130-138 1. dekheM-isa adhyAya meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA, usakI vijayodayA TIkA tathA chedapiNDa zAstra sambandhI vivaraNa / 2. harivaMzapurANa 1 / 29-36 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 175 prakAra harivaMza purANa ke cauMsaThaveM sarga meM bhI usa para vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai, usameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki liGga ( veza ) kI dRSTi se nirgrantha liGga ( acela liGga ) athavA sagrantha liGga ( sacela liGga ) se mukti hotI hai| usameM 'na vA' pada jor3akara yaha artha kiyA gayA hai ki sagrantha avasthA meM vikalpa se mukti hotI hai arthAta hotI bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotI hai / kintu kyA nimrantha mukta hotA hI hai ? aisA niyama bhI nahIM hai, ataH vikalpa nirarthaka hai| isakA artha karate hue paMDita pannAlAla jI sAhityAcArya likhate haiM ki pratyutpanna naya kI apekSA se nigrantha liGga se hI siddhi hotI hai aura bhUtArtha grAhI naya kI apekSA se sagrantha liGga se hotI bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotI hai| kintu yaha vikalpa to nirgrantha evaM sagrantha donoM ke sambandha meM mAnanA hogA / yadyapi mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yahA~ mUla-pATha ke sAtha bhI koI cher3achAr3a ko gaI hai| mUla zloka kA tAtparya mAtra yaha hai ki liGga ( veza ) kI apekSA se nirgrantha liGga aura sagrantha liGga donoM se hI mukti hoto bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotI hai| kintu jaba eka bAra sagrantha-mukti svIkAra kara lI jAtI hai to phira strI mukti, zrAvaka-mukti aura anyatairthika kI mukti svataH siddha ho jAtI hai| durbhAgya se hamAre digaMbara paraMparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAna bhI paraMparA viruddha satya ko svIkAra karane se hicakicAte haiM aura mUlArtha ko aura Avazyaka hone para pATha ko bhI apanI ora se jor3ator3a kara vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| prastuta prasaMga meM bhI paM0 pannAlAla jI ne pratyutpanna naya aura bhUtArtha naya ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu jisa prakAra isake pUrva ke padyoM meM ina nayoM kA spaSTa zabdoM meM adhyAhAra kiyA gayA hai, vaisA isa padya meM nahIM hai / yadi lekhaka ko ina nayoM ke AdhAra para vivecana karanA hotA to vaha svayaM usakA mUla padya meM ullekha krtaa| punaH bhUtArtha naya kA artha bhUtakAlika paryAya nahIM haiapitu yathArtha dRSTi yA nizcaya dRSTi hai, kundakunda ne bhUtArtha kA artha nizcaya daSTi yA satyadaSTi kiyA hai| ataH nayoM ke AdhAra para bhI vyAkhyA karane para isa padya kA artha digaMbara mAnyatA ke bilkula viparIta hogaa| vastutaH dravya liGga se nirgrantha aura sagrantha donoM ho mukta ho sakate haiN| kintu 'bhAva' se nirgrantha hI mukta hotA hai| vAsanA kA bhAva hI mokSa meM bAdhaka hai| zarIra saMracanA yA veza vizeSa nhiiN| vAsanA kA bhAva arthAt veda to 10veM guNa sthAna meM samApta ho jAtA hai| ataH mukti meM bAdhaka veda hai, liGga nahIM / ataH mUla zloka kA yaha artha karanA ki liGga se aveda

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176 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya avasthA meM aura bhAva se tInoM vedoM se mukti hotI hai, pUrI taraha ayuktisaMgata hai| tInoM veda (vAsanA bhAvoM) kI upasthiti meM mukti sambhava nahIM hai / yahA~ bhI zlokoM ke mUla pATha ke sAtha cher3achAr3a kI pratIta gaI hotI hai / (7) harivaMza purANa meM AryikAoM kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai | unheM 'eka vasanArvatA' kahA gayA hai / yaha spaSTa batAyA jA cukA hai ki AryikA saMgha kI vyavasthA yApanIya hai / jo paraMparA strI meM mahAvrata ke AropaNa ko hI sambhava nahIM mAnatI ho, usameM AryikA saMgha kI vyavasthA saMbhava hI nahIM bntii| yaha satya hai ki yApanIya aura unase vikasita drAvir3a saMgha aura mAthura saMgha bhI strI kA mahAvratAropaNa karate hue use puna dakSA ( zvetAmbaroM kI bar3I dIkSA ) dete the / harivaMza ke 60 veM sarga meM kRSNa kI AThoM paTarAniyoM sahita aneka striyoM ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai jo usake yApanIya hone kI sambhAvanA ko puSTa karatI hai / kRSNa kI ATha rAniyoM ke dIkSita hone ke ye ullekha zvetAMbara mAnya antakRt dazA meM haiM / isI prakAra isameM dropadI kA jo kathAnaka milatA hai, vaha bhI jJAtAdharmakathA ke anurUpa hai / isakA gajasukumAla kA kathAnaka bhI antakRtadazA meM yathAvata rUpa meM milatA hai | harivaMza purANa kI zvetAMbara AgamoM se yahI nikaTatA usake yApanIya hone kI mAnyatA ko puSTa karatI hai / (8) harivaMza purANa ke yApanIya hone kA eka pramANa yaha bhI milatA hai ki usameM 'nArada' ko do sthAnoM para caramazarIrI kahA gayA hai" jabaki tiloyapaNNatti aura trilokasAra nArada ko narakagAmI mAnate haiM / zvetAMbara paraMparA meM RSibhAsita meM nArada ko arhat RSi kahA gayA hai / 7 punaH unheM pratyeka buddha kaha kara unake caramazarIrI hone kI puSTi kI gaI hai / ' 1. harivaMzapurANa 60 / 2. antakRtaddazAMga -- pA~cavA varga / 3. jJAtAdharmakathA varga 1 adhyAya 16 / 4. antakRtadazAMga varga 3 adhyAya 8 / 5. harivaMza purANa 42 / 22, 65/24, 17/163 / 6. trilokasAra 835 / 7. RSibhASita 1 / 8. RSibhASita - saMgrahaNI gAthA /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 177 punaH samavAyAMga meM unheM svargagAmI aura bhAvI tIrthaMkara kahA gayA hai / " nArada ko caramazarIrI athavA svargagAmI mAnanA, yaha Agamika paraMparA hai / cU~ki yApanIya AgamoM ko svIkAra karate the, ataH unake granthoM meM aisA ullekha honA svAbhAvika hI thA / isa AdhAra para bhI jinasena aura unake harivaMza purANa kA yApanIyatva hI siddha hotA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM jambU ke pazcAt AcArya paramparA meM bheda ho jAtA hai / digambara paramparA jamba ke pazcAta viSNu kA ullekha karatI hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA prabhava kA / raviSeNa ke dvArA sudharmA ke pazcAt AcArya paramparA meM prabhava ko sthAna denA isa bAta ko puSTa karatA hai ki ve usa paramparA se bhinna the jo ki AcArya viSNu ko jambU kA uttarAdhikArI mAnatI thI / yApanIya uttara bhArata kI usa nirgrantha dhArA se alaga huye the jo ki Arya prabhava ko Arya jambU kA uttarAdhikArI mAnatI thI / 'kalpasUtra' meM ullikhita yaha AcArya paramparA yApanIyoM ko hI mAnya ho sakatI hai, digambaroM ko nahIM / kyoMki yApanIya ' kalpasUtra' ko na kevala mAnya karate the, apitu paryuSaNa ke avasara para usakA vAcana bhI karate the / apane kathA srota meM Arya prabhava kA yaha ullekha yahI siddha karatA hai ki raviSeNa yApanIya paramparA ke rahe hoMge / (2) jainoM meM rAmakathA kI do paramparAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM- eka paramparA kA anusaraNa kUci bhaTTAraka ( sambhavataH ye pUrva ullikhita kUrcaka saMgha ke prathama puruSa hoMge), nandI munIzvara, kavi paramezvara, jinasena (AdipurANa ke karttA ), guNabhadra aura cAmuNDarAya ke dvArA likhita rAmakathAoM meM kiyA gyaa| jabaki dUsarI dhArA kA anusaraNa vimalasUri ke paucariyaM, raviSeNa ke padmacarita aura svayaMbhU ke paumacariu meM dekhA jAtA hai / vimalasUri ko yaha kathA paramparA zvetAmbara AcArya zIlAMka ke caupannamahApurisacariyaM' aura hemacandra ke 'triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita' meM bhI pAI jAtI hai / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki rAmakathA kI eka paramparA dakSiNa ke digambara AcAryoM meM pracalita rahI aura dUsarI paramparA uttara bhArata ke 1. samavAyAMga -- prakIrNaka samavAya 668/81 / 2. varddhamAnajinendroktaH so'yamartho gaNezvaraM / indrabhUti pariprAptaH sudharmaM dhAriNIbhavam / / prabhavaM kramataH kIrti tato'nuttaravAgminaM / likhitaM tasya saMprApya raveryatnoya mudgataH - padmacarita 1/41 - 42, 123/16 / 12

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178 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya nirgrantha saMgha se vikasita hue zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM meM pracalita rhii| raviSeNa ke 'padmacarita' aura svayaMbhU ke 'paumacariu' kI rAmakathA meM vimalasUri dvArA pravartita rAmakathA kI dhArA kA anusaraNa isI tathya kA sUcaka hai ki ve yApanIya paramparA ke rahe hoMge, kyoMki yApanIya hI zvetAmbara dhArA ke nikaTa the| 'raviSeNa kA padmacarita to paumacariyaM kA saMskRta chAyAnuvAda hI hai'-paMDita nAthUrAma jI premI kA yaha kathana isI tathya ko saMpuSTa karatA hai| unake zabdoM meM "raviSeNa ke dvArA digambara paramparA meM pracalita guNabhadra vAlI kathA ko na apanAkara vimalasUri kI kathA ko apanAnA, unheM digambara bhinna paramparA kA dyotita karatA hai" aura hamArI dRSTi meM yaha paramparA yApanIya hI ho sakatI hai kyoMki isa kathA meM aneka sthaloM para acelakatva para bala diyA gayA hai|' (3) AcArya raviSeNa ne apanI guru paramparA meM indra, divAkara yati, arhan muni, lakSmaNasena aura raviSeNa kA ullekha kiyA hai / 'gommaTasAra' kI TIkA meM indra ko zvetAmbara batAyA gayA hai, kintu isa sambandha meM premI jI kA yaha kathana adhika upayukta lagatA hai ki indra nAma ke zvetAmbara AcArya kA abhI taka koI ullekha nahIM milA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki ve yApanIya hI hoM aura zvetAmbara tulya hone se zvetAmbara kaha die gaye hoN| pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana ne indra guru kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha sunizcita hai ki pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana yApanIya paramparA ke AcArya rahe haiN| unake dvArA likhita 'strImukti' aura 'kevalIbhukti prakaraNa' bhI isI tathya ke sUcaka haiM ki ve yApanIya the / punaH hamane chedapiNDa zAstra kI carcA ke prasaMga meM isa tathya ko suspaSTa kiyA hai ki usake kartA indra vahI haiM jinakA ullekha zAkaTAyana ne indra gurU ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| chedapiNDazAstra kI racanA aura usameM upalabdha aneka tathya indra ko yApanIya hI siddha karate haiM / yadi indra yApanIya hai to raviSeNa ke dvArA apane ko usI guru paramparA kA sUcita karanA isI tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki ve bhI yApanIya haiN| DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ke zabdoM meM 'indra aura divAkara yati yApanIya hoM to raviSeNa bhI yApanIya hone caahie| muni ke liye 'yati' viruda kA prayoga karanA yApanIyoM kI vizeSatA hai| svayaM zAkaTAyana bhI yatigrAmaagraNI kahalAte the| 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-padmacarita aura paumacariya, pR0 87-102 / 2. vahI, pR0 167 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 179 (4) ve0 AcArya udyotanasUri dvArA vimala ke paumacariyaM ke sAtha raviSeNa kI padmacarita kI prazaMsA aura punnATasaMghIya jinasena dvArA raviNa ke padmacarita kI prazaMsA yahI sUcita karatI hai ki raviSeNa usa paramparA se rahe haiM jo eka ora zvetAmbaroM ke tathA dUsarI ora punnATa saMgha ke nikaTa ho / zvetAmbara aura yApanIya eka hI dhArA se vikasita hue, ataH donoM meM paga-paga para nikaTatA dekhI jAtI hai / punaH punnATasaMgha bhI yApanIya paramparA se vikasita hai, ataH inake dvArA yApanIya raviSeNa kI prazaMsA svAbhAvika hai / isa prakAra padmacarita meM ullikhita kathA srota meM prabhava svAmI kA ullekha aura guru paramparA meM indra kA ullekha, kathA lekhana meM vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA anusaraNa tathA bAda meM svayaMbhU ke dvArA bhI prabhava svAmI ke ullekhapUrvaka raviSeNa kI kathA ko apanAnA, ye saba tathya isa bAta ko sUcita karate haiM ki ve yApanIya paramparA ke rahe hoMge / isake atirikta DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA' ne raviSeNa ke kaI aise ullekhoM kI bhI carcA kI hai, jo digambara paramparA ke viparIta hai / unake anusAra nimna ullekha raviSeNa ko digambara paramparA aura guNabhadra kI rAmakathA paramparA se bhinna siddha karate haiM : (i) gandharva devoM ko madyapI mAnanA / (ii) yakSa-rAkSasoM ko kavalAhArI mAnanA / (iii) solahaveM svarga meM pratIndra ke rUpa meM janme sItA ke jIva kA rAvaNa ko sambodhita karane ke lie narakAnaraka meM jAnA ( jJAtavya hai ki digambara paramparA ke anusAra bArahaveM se solahaveM svarga taka ke deva prathama naraka ke citrA bhAga se Age nahIM jAte haiM ) / (iv) bharata cakravartI ke dvArA muniyoM ke lie banAye gae auddezika AhAra ko lekara samavasaraNa meM pahu~canA aura RSabha dvArA yaha kahA jAnA ki muni uddiSTa bhojana nahIM karatA ( yApanIya granthoM meM muni ke lie dezika AhAra kA niSedha hai ), kintu digambaroM meM yaha paramparA pracalita nahIM rahI hai, Aja sAmAnyatayA digambara muni auddezika AhAra grahaNa karate haiM / (v) sagara cakravartI ke pUrvabhava tathA unake putroM kA nAgakumAra deva ke kopa se bhasma honA / 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 148-149 /

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180 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (vi) hariSeNa cakravartI kI mokSa gati / (vii) madhavA cakravartI ko saudharma svarga kI prApti / (viii) sanatakumAra cakravartI ko tIsare svarga kI prApti / (ix) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA saudharmendra kI zaMkA nivAraNArtha pAdAMguSTha se meru ko kaMpita karanA ( jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra dvArA pA~va ke a~gUThe se meru ko kaMpita karane kI yaha kathA zvetAmbaroM meM pracalita hai|) (x) rAma aura kRSNa ke bIca cauMsaTha hajAra varSa kA antara ( jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ inake bIca lAkhoM varSa kA antara mAnatI haiM ) / __ ina AdhAroM para DaoN. kusuma paToriyA kA yaha niSkarSa hai-"ye aneka kAraNa raviSeNa ko digambara AcArya hone meM zaMkA upasthita karate haiM phalataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki raviSeNa kI kucha bAtoM meM zvetAmbaroM se samAnatA kucha bAtoM meM digambaroM se samAnatA aura kucha bAtoM meM donoM se hI bhinnatA-isa tathya kI sUcaka haiM ki ve ina donoM se bhinna kisI tIsarI paramparA arthAt yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha rahe hoNge|"1 mahAkavi svayaMbhU aura unakA paumacariu apabhraMza bhASA meM racita svayaMbhU kA yaha rAmakathA kA grantha bhI aneka kAraNoM se yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha pratIta hotA hai| usake yApanIya hone ke sambandha meM nimna tarka prastuta kie jA sakate haiM 1. svayaMbhU ne bhI apane rAmakathA ke srota kI carcA karate hue raviSeNa kI paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| mAtra usameM raviSeNa kA eka nAma adhika jor3a diyA gayA hai| ve bhI isa kathA ko mahAvIra, indrabhUti, sudharmA, prabhava, kIti tathA raviSeNa se prApta batAte haiN| apane kathA srota meM prabhava kA ullekha yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha rahe hoNge| 2. unakI rAmakathA meM bhI vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' tathA raviSeNa ke 'padmacarita' kA anusaraNa huA hai| unhoMne bhI guNabhadra kI rAmakathA kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyA hai / isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki unakI kathAdhArA digambara paramparA kI kathA-dhArA se bhinna hai| yadi raviSeNa yApa . 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 149 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 181 nIya haiM to unakI kathA-dhArA kA anusaraNa karane vAle svayaMbhU bhI yApanIya hI siddha hote haiM / " + 3. yadyapi svayaMbhU ne spaSTa rUpa se apane sampradAya kA ullekha kahIM nahIM kiyA hai kintu puSpadanta ke mahApurANa ke TippaNa meM unhe ApulI - saMghIya batAyA gayA hai| paMDita nAthUrAmajI premI ne bhI inheM yApanIya mAnA hai / 4. svayambhU dvArA divAyara ( divAkara ), guNahara ( guNadhara ), vimala( vimalasUri ) Adi anya paramparA ke katriyoM kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha bhI unake yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha hone kA pramANa isIliye mAnA jAnA cAhiye ki aisI udAratA yApanIya paramparA meM dekhI jAtI hai' digambara paramparA meM nahIM / 5. svayaMbhU ke granthoM meM anyataithika kI mukti kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / anyataithika kI mukti kI avadhAraNA Agafor hai aura AgamoM ko mAnya karane ke kAraNa yaha avadhAraNA zvetAmbara aura yapanIya donoM meM svIkRta rahI hai / uttarAdhyayana, jisameM spaSTa rUpa se anyaliMga siddha kA ullekha hai, yApanIyoM ko bhI mAnya rahA hai / jinasena 'ne 'harivaMza' meM spaSTa rUpa se usakA ullekha kiyA hai| prophesara eca0 sI0 bhAyANI kA mantavya bhI unheM yApanIya mAnane ke pakSa meM hai / ve likhate haiM ki yadyapi isa sandarbha meM hameM svayaMbhU kI ora se pratyakSa yA parokSa vaktavya nahIM milatA hai, parantu yApanIya sagrantha avasthA tathA parazAsana se bhI mukti svIkAra karate the aura svayaMbhU apekSAkRta adhika udAracetA the, ataH unheM yApanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai / eka ora acelakatva para bala aura dUsarI ora zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM ullikhita aneka tathyoM kI svIkRti unheM yApanIya paramparA se 1. eha rAmakaha-sari sohantI / gaNaharadevahi diTTha vahantI / pacchai indabhUi AyarieM / puNu dhammeNa guNAlaMkarie // puNu pahave saMsArArAeM / kittihareNaM aNuttaravAe / puNu raviseNAyariyapasAe~ / buddhie avagAhiya kairAe // - paumacariu 1 / 6-9 / 2. sayaMbhu paddhaDIbaddhakartA ApalI saMdhIya / - mahApurANa ( TippaNayukta ) pR0 9 / 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ( paM0 nAthUrAma premI ), pR0 197 /

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182 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hI sambaddha karatI hai| zrImatI kusuma paToriyA bhI isI niSkarSa para pahu~catI haiM / ve likhatI haiM ki hamArI dRSTi se mahAkavi puSpadanta ke mahApurANa ke TIkAkAra ne jisa paramparA ke AdhAra para inheM ApalIsaMghIya kahA hai vaha paramparA vAstavika honI caahie| sAtha hI aneka tathyoM se inake yApanIya hone kA samarthana hotA hai / inake atirikta bhI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne svayambhU ke granthoM ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para anya kucha aise pramANa prastuta kiye haiM, jisase ve kucha mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM digambara paramparA se bhinna evaM yApanIya pratIta hote haiM 1. digambara paramparA ke tiloyapaNNattI, trilokasAra aura uttarapurANa meM rAma ( balarAma ) ko AThavA~ aura padma ( rAmacandra ) ko navA~ baladeva batAyA gayA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara granthoM yathA samavAyAMga, paumacariyaM, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, abhidhAnacintAmaNi, vicArasAraprakaraNa Adi meM padma (rAma) ko AThavA~ aura balarAma ko navA~ baladeva kahA gayA hai| rAma kA padma nAma digambara paramparAnusArI nahIM hai, rAma kA padma nAma mAnane ke kAraNa raviSeNa aura svayambhU donoM yApanIya pratIta hote haiN| 2. devakI ke tIna yugaloM ke rUpa meM chaha putra kRSNa ke janmake pUrva hue the, jinheM hariNegamesI deva ne sulasA gAthApatnI ke pAsa sthAnAntarita kara diyA thaa| svayambhU ke riTThanemicariu kA yaha kathAnaka zvetAmbara Agama aMtakRtadazA meM yathAvat upalabdha hotA hai| svayambhU dvArA Agama kA yaha anusaraNa unheM yApanIya siddha karatA hai| 3. svayambhU ne paumacariu meM devoM kI bhojanacaryA meM ullekha likhA hai ki gandharva pUrvAhna meM, deva madhyAhna meM, pitA-pitAmaha ( pitRloka ke deva ) aparAhna meM aura rAkSasa, bhUta, pizAca evaM graha rAtri meM khAte haiM, jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra devatA kavalAhArI nahIM hai unake anusAra devatAoM kA mAnasika AhAra hotA haiM ( devesu maNAhAro ) 4. inhoMne kathAsrota kA ullekha karate hue krama se mahAvIra, gautama, sudharma, prabhava, kIrti aura raviSeNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| prabhava ko sthAna denA unheM digambara paramparA se pRthaka karatA hai kyoMki digambara paramparA meM inake sthAna para viSNu kA ullekha milatA hai / yadyapi inake riTThanemi

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yApanIya sAhitya : 183 cariu ke anta meM jambU ke bAda viSNu nAma AyA hai, kintu yaha aMza jasakitti dvArA prakSipta hai / 5. svayambhU ne sItA ke jIva kA rAvaNa evaM lakSmaNa ko pratibodha dene solahaveM svarga se tIsarI pRthvI meM jAnA batAyA hai| jabaki dhavalA TIkA ke anusAra 12 veM se 16 veM svarga taka ke devatA prathama pRthvI ke citrA bhAga se Age nahIM jAte haiM / 6. paumacariu meM ajitanAtha ke vairAgya kA kAraNa mlAnakamala batAyA gayA hai, jabaki trilokaprajJapti meM tArA TUTanA batAyA gayA hai / 7. raviSeNa ke samAna inhoMne bhI mahAvIra ke caraNAMguSTha se meru ke kampana kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha zvetAmbara mAnyatA hai / 8. bhagavAn ke calane para devanirmita kamaloM kA rakhA jAnA - bhagavAn kA eka atizaya mAnA gayA hai / yaha bhI zvetAmbara mAnyatA hai / 9. tIrthaMkara kA mAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza denA / jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara mAnya Agama samavAyAMga meM yaha mAnyatA hai / digambara paramparA ke anusAra to tIrthaMkara kI divyadhvani khiratI hai, jo sarva bhASA rUpa hotI hai / 10. digambara uttarapurANa meM sagaraputroM kA mokSagamana varNita hai jabaki vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM ke AdhAra para raviSeNa aura svayambhU ne bhIma evaM bhagIratha ko chor3akara zeSa kA nAgakumAra deva ke kopa se bhasma honA batAyA / suzrI kusuma paToriyA ke anusAra ina varNanoM ke AdhAra para svayambhU yApanIya siddha hote haiM / isa prakAra ina sabhI ullekhoM meM nikaTatA aura digambara mAnyatAoM se ve yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha rahe hoMge / svayambhU ko zvetAmbara mAnyatA se bhinnatA yahI siddha karatI hai ki punaH svayambhU muni nahIM, apitu gRhastha hI the, unakI kRti 'paumacariu' se jo anya sUcanAe~ hameM upalabdha hotI hai, unake AdhAra bhI para unheM yApanIya paramparA se sambandhita mAnA jA sakatA hai / svayambhU kA nivAsa sthala sambhavataH pazcimottara karnATaka rahA

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184 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai|' abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki usa kSetra para yApanIyoM kA sarvAdhika prabhAva thaa| ataH svayambhU ke yApanIya saMgha se sambandhita hone kI puSTi kSetrIya dRSTi se bhI ho jAtI hai| kAla kI dRSTi se svayambhU 7vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura 8vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha ke kavi hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki isa kAla meM yApanIya saMgha dakSiNa meM na kevala praveza kara cakA thA, apitu vahA~ prabhAvazAlI bhI bana gayA thA / ataH kAla kI dRSTi se bhI svayambhU ko yApanIya paramparA se sambandhita mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| __ sAhityika pramANa kI dRSTi se puSpadanta ke mahApurANa kI TIkA meM svayambhU ko spaSTa rUpa se yApanIya (ApulI) batAyA gayA hai| usameM likhA hai-'sayaMbhU patthaDibaddha kartA ApalIsaMghIyaH' isa kathana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki ve yApanIya saMgha se sambandhita the| svayambha ke yApanIya saMgha se sambandha hone ke lie pro0 harivallabhayANI ne eka aura mahattvapUrNa pramANa yaha diyA hai ki yApanIya saMgha vaicArika dRSTi se udAra aura samanvayavAdI thaa| yaha dhArmika udAratA aura samanvayazIlatA svayambhU ke granthoM meM vibhinna sthaloM para pAI jAtI hai, 'riTThanemi cariu' saMdhi 55/30 aura 'paumacariu' saMdhi 43/19 meM unakI yaha udAratA spaSTa rUpa se dekhI jA sakatI hai| unakI udAratA ko sUcita karane ke lie hama yahA~ kevala eka hI gAthA de rahe haiM 'arahantu buddha tuhu~ hariharana va, tuha~ aNNANa tamohariu / tuhu~ suhaMmu NiranjaNu paramapau, tuhu~ ravidambhu sayambhu siu // ' digambara paramparA dhArmika dRSTi se zvetAmbaroM aura yApanIyoM kI apekSA anudAra rahI hai, kyoMki vaha anyatairthika mukti ko asvIkAra karatI hai; javaki zvetAmbara aura yApanIya anyataithikoM kI mukti ko 1. paumacariu, saM0 DaoN0 harivallabhabhayAnI, siMghI jainanathamAlA granthAMka 34, bhUmikA (aMgrejI) pR0 13 2. vahI, pR0 9 3. svaghaMbhU pAvaMDIbaddha rAmAyaNa kartA ApalIsaMdhIyaH / -mahApurANa puSpadaMta 1/9/5 TippaNa

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yApanIya sAhitya : 185 svIkAra karate haiM / svayambhU kI dhArmika udAratA kI vistRta carcA pro0 bhayANI jI ne paumacariu kI bhUmikA meM kI hai / pAThaka use vahA~ dekha sakate hai / " jaTAsiMhanandi kA varAGgacarita aura usakI paramparA jaTAsiMhanandi aura unake varAMgacarita ke digambara paramparA se bhinna yApanIya athavA kUrcaka saMgha se sambandhita hone ke kucha pramANa upalabdha hote haiM / yadyapi zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ke anusAra varAMgacarita meM aisA koI bhI antaraMga sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai, jisase jaTAsiMhanandi aura unake grantha ko yApanIya kahA jA sake, kintu merI dRSTi meM zrImatI kusuma paToriyA kA yaha kathana samucita nahIM hai / sambhavataH unhoMne mUla grantha ko dekhane kA prayatna hI nahIM kiyA aura dvitIyaka srotoM se upalabdha sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para aisA mAnasa banA liyA / maiMne yathAsambhava mUla grantha ko dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura usameM mujhe aise aneka tatva mile haiM, jinake AdhAra para varAMgacarita aura usake kartA jaTilamuni yA jaTAsiMhanandi ko digambara paramparA se bhinna yApanIya athavA kUrcaka paramparA se sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa vivecana meM sarvaprathama to maiM zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ke dvArA prastuta una bAhya sAkSyoM kI carcA karU~gA, jinake AdhAra para jaTAsiMhanandi ke yApanIya hone kI sambhAvanA ko puSTa kiyA jAtA hai| usake pazcAt mUla grantha meM mujhe digambara mAnyatAoM se bhinna, jo tathya upalabdha hue haiM, unakI carcA karake yaha dikhAne kA prayatna karU~gA ki jaTAsiMhanandi yApanIya athavA kUrcaka paramparA meM se kisI eka se sambaddha rahe hoMge / jAsiMhanandi yApanIya saMgha se sambandhita the yA kUrcaka saMgha se sambandhita the, isa sambandha meM to abhI aura bhI sUkSma adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai / kintu itanA nizcita hai ki ve digambara paramparA se bhinna anya kisI paramparA se sambandhita haiM, kyoMki unakI aneka mAnyatAe~ vartamAna digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtI haiN| AyeM ina tathyoM kI samIkSA kareM 1. paumacariu, saM0 DaoN0 harivallabha bhayANI, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA granthAMka 34 bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI, bhUmikA ( aMgrejI) pR0 13-15 2. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, pR0 157-158 / -

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186 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 1 3 4 1. jinasena prathama ( punnATasaMghIya ) ne apane harivaMzapurANa ( I0 san 783 ) meM, jinasena dvitIya ( paMcastUpAnvayI ) ne apane AdipurANa meM, udyotanasUri ( zve0 AcArya ) ne apanI kuvalayamAlA ( I0 san 778 ) meM, 3 rAtra malla ne apane kannar3a gadya grantha triSaSTizalAkApuruSa ( I0 san 974-84 ) meM, dhavala kavi ne apabhraMza bhASA meM racita apane harivaMza meM jaTilamuni athavA unake varAMgacarita kA ullekha kiyA hai / inake atirikta bhI pampa ne apane AdipurANa ( I0 san 941 ) meM, nayanasena ne apane dharmAmRta ( I0 san 1912 ) 7 meM aura pArzvapaMDita ne apane pArzvapurANa ( I0 san 1205 ) meMTa, janna ne apane anantanAthapurANa ( I0. sarvAGgervarAGgacaritArthavAk / kasya notpAdayedgADhamanurAgaM svagocaram // 1. varAMganeva 2. kAvyAnucintane yasya jaTAH pracalavRttayaH / arthAnsmAnuvadantIva jaTAcAryaH sa no'vatAt / / - AdipurANa ( jinasena ), 1 / 50 3. jehi kae ramaNijje varaMga paumANa cariyavitthAre / kahavaNa salAhaNije te kaiNo jaDiya - raviseNe // kuvalayamAlA, pR0 4 - harivaMzapurANa ( jinasena ), 1 / 34-35. 4. aidanaeNya zrotRvaeNvoM jaTAsiMhanadyAcAryara vRttaM 6. Aryanuta- gRdha pichAcArya 5. muNimahaseNu suloyaNu jeNa paumacariu muNiraviseNeNa / jiNaseNeNa harivaMsu pavittu jaDilamuNiNA varaMgacaritu // - uddhRta, varAMgacarita, bhUmikA pR0 11 / harivaMza, uddhRta varAMgacarita, bhUmikA pR0 10 jaTAcArya -- vizrutazrutakIrtyAcArya purassaramappAcArya paraMparaeNya kuDuma bhavyotsavamaM / / AdipurANa, 1/12 7. varyarlokottamarbhAvisuvaoNDana dharatyunnatakaoNDa kudAcAryacaritraratnAkara radhikaguNarsajAsiMhanaMdyAcArya zrakUcibhaTTAraka ruditayazamikkapepiMga lokAzcarya niSkarma - raeNmmaM paoNramaDiga~ saMsArakAMtAradidaM // - dharmAmRta, 1/13 8. bidirapodara taoNlayaeNnaeN tU -- gidaoNDAbidijinamunipa - jaTAcAryara dhairyada paeN gaeNdupasargadayena nisi nagadumiga~ sogayisidaM // -- pArzvapurANa, 1/14

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yApanIya sAhitya : 187 san 1209 ) meM,' guNavarma dvitIya ne apane puSpadantapurANa ( I0 san (1230)2 meM, kamalabhavana ne apane zAMtinAthapurANa (I0 san 1233)3 meM, mahAbala kavi ne apane neminAthapurANa (I0 san 1254) meM jaTAsiMhanandi kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina sabhI ullekhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi yApanoya, zvetAmbara aura digambara tInoM hI paramparAoM meM mAnya rahe haiN| phira bhI sarvaprathama punnATasaMghIya jinasena ke dvArA jaTAsiMhanandi kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha yaha batAtA hai ki ve sambhavataH yApanIya paramparA se sambandhita rahe hoM" kyoMki punnATasaMgha kA vikAsa yApanIya punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa se hI huA hai / punaH zvetAmbara AcArya udyotanasari ne yApanIya raviSaNa aura unake grantha padmacarita ke sAtha-sAtha jaTAsiMhanandi ke varAMgacarita kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase aisI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki donoM eka hI paramparA ke aura samakAlika rahe hogeN| punaH zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM meM eka-dUsare ke granthoM ke adhyayana kI paramparA rahI hai| yApanIya AcArya prAcIna zvetAmbara AcAryoM ke granthoM ko par3hate the| jaTAsiMhanandi ke dvArA prakIrNakoM, Avazyakaniyukti tathA siddhasena ke sanmatitarka aura vimalasari ke paumacariya kA anusaraNa yahI batAtA hai ki ve yApanIya sampradAya se sambandhita rahe hoNge| kyoMki yApanIyoM dvArA ina granthoM kA adhyayana-adhyApana evaM anusaraNa kiyA jAtA thA, isake aneka pramANa diye jA sakate haiN| yaha ho sakatA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi yApanIya na hokara kUrcaka sampradAya se sambandhita rahe hoM aura yaha karcaka sampradAya bhI yApaniyoM kI bhA~ti zvetAmbaroM ke ati nikaTa rahA ho| yadyapi isa sambandha meM vistRta gaveSaNA abhI apekSita hai| 1. vaMdyar jaTAsiMhaNAMdyAcAryAdIMdraNaMdyAcAryAdimuniparAkANUrgaNaMdyapRthiviyaoNLo gaeNllaM ||--anntnaathpuraann, 1/16 / / 2. naDaeNvaLyioLa tannaM samaM bau~dArU nau~darilla gaDamaeNtardeSu / nuDiyu naDeduva paduLike jaTAsiMhaNaMdi munipugavanA / puSpadaMtapurANa, 1/29 3. kAryavidarhabdalyAtrArya-jaTAsiMhanaMdi nAmoddAmAcAryavaragRdhrapichAcAryara caraNA raviMdavRdastotraM ||-shaaNtinaathpuraann, 1/19 4. dhairyaparagRdhra piMchAcAryara jaTAsiMhanaMdi jagatIkhyAtAcAryara prabhAvamatyAzcaryamadaM pA~gaLa vaDabjajaMgamasAdhyaM / / neminAthapurANa, 1/14 5. harivaMza (jinasena), 1/35 / / 6. dekheM-jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pro0 sAgaramalajaina pR0 36-37

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188 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (2) jaTAsiMhanandi yApanIya paramparA se sambaddha rahe haiM, isa sambandha meM jo bAhya sAkSya upalabdha haiM unameM prathama yaha hai ki kannar3a kavi janna ne jaTAsiMhanandi ko 'kANaragaNa' kA batAyA hai| aneka abhilekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha kANUragaNa prArambha meM yApanIya paramparA kA eka gaNa thA / isa gaNa kA sarvaprathama ullekha saudattI ke I0 san dasavIM zatI (980) ke eka abhilekha se milatA hai| isa abhilekha meM gaNa ke sAtha yApanIya saMgha kA bhI spaSTa nirdeza hai|' yaha sambhava hai ki isa gaNa kA astitva isake pUrva sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI meM bhI rahA ho| DA0 upAdhye janna ke isa abhilekha ko zaMkA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| unakI isa zaMkA ke do kAraNa haiM-eka to yaha ki gaNoM kI utpatti aura itihAsa ke viSaya meM paryApta jAnakArI kA abhAva hai, dUsare jaTAsiMhanandi janna ke samakAlIna bhI nahIM haiN| yaha satya hai ki donoM meM lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa kA antarAla hai kintu mAtra kAlabheda ke kAraNa janna kA kathana bhrAnta ho, hama DA0 upAdhye ke isa mantavya se sahamata nahIM haiN| yaha Thoka hai ki yApanIya paramparA ke kANUra Adi kucha gaNoM kA ullekha Age calakara mUlasaMgha aura kUndakUndAnvaya ke sAtha bhI huA hai kintu isase unakA mUla meM yApanIya honA apramANita nahIM ho jaataa| kANaragaNa ke hI 12vIM zatAbdI taka ke abhilekhoM meM yApanIya saMgha ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| ( dekheM jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 5 lekha kramAMka 117 ) isake atirikta svayaM DA0 upAdhye ne 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke kucha zilAlekhoM meM kANaragaNa ke siMhanandi ke ullekha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi ina lekhoM meM kANUragaNa ke ina siMhanandi ko kahIM mUlasaMgha aura kahIM kundakundAnvaya kA batAyA gayA hai| lekina smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki yaha lekha usa samaya kA hai jaba yApanIya sahita sabhI apane ko mUlasaMgha se jor3ane lage the| punaH ina lekhoM meM siMhanandi kA kANUragaNa 1. ""yaapniiysNghprtiitknndduugrgnnaabdhi""| jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 160 / 2. dekheM-varAMgacarita, bhUmikA ( aMgrejI ), pR0 16 / 3. dekheM-jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 267, 277, 299 / 4. vahI-bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 267, 277, 299 / jJAtavya hai ki kANaragaNa ko mUla saMgha, kundakundAnvaya aura meSapASANa gaccha se jor3ane vAle ye lekha na kevala paravartI haiM apitu inameM ekarUpatA bhI nahIM hai|

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yApanIya sAhitya : 189. ke AdyAcArya ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / unakI paramparA meM prabhAcandra, guNa-candra, mAghanandi, prabhAcandra, anantavIrya, municandra, prabhAcandra Adi kA ullekha hai - yaha lekha to bahuta samaya pazcAt likhA gayA hai / punaH ina lekhoM meM bhI prArambha meM jaTAsiMhanandi AcArya kA ullekha hai, vahA~ na to mUlasaMgha kA ullekha hai aura na kundakundAnvaya kA, vahA~ mAtra kANUragaNa kA ullekha hai / yaha kANUragaNa prArambha meM yApanIya gaNa thA / ataH siddha hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi kANUragaNa ke AdyAcArya rahe hoNge| ina zikhAlekhoM meM siMhanandi ko gaMga vaMza kA samuddhAraka kahA gayA hai| yadi gaMga vaMza kA prArambha I0 san caturtha zatI mAnA jAtA hai to gaMga vaMza ke saMsthApaka siMhanandi jaTAsiMhanandi se bhinna hone cAhie / punaH kANUragaNa kA astitva bhI I0 san kI 7vIM - 8vIM zatI ke pUrva jJAta nahIM hotA hai / sambhAvanA yahI hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi kANUragaNa ke AdyAcArya rahe hoMge aura unakA gaMga vaMza para adhika prabhAva rahA ho| ataH Age calakara unheM gaMga vaMza kA uddhAraka mAna liyA gayA ho tathA gaMga vaMza ke uddhAra kI kathA unase jor3a dI gaI ho / (3) janna ne anantanAtha purANa meM na kevala jaTAsiMhanandi kA ullekha kiyA hai apitu unake sAtha-sAtha hI kANUragaNa ke indranandI AcArya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / " hama chedapiNDa zAstra kI paramparA kI carcA karate samaya aneka pramANoM se yaha siddha kara cuke haiM ki jaTAsiMhanandi ke samakAlIna yA unase kiMcit paravartI ye indranandI rahe haiM / jinakA ullekha zAkaTAyana Adi aneka yApanIya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai / janna ne jaTAsiMhanandi aura indranandI donoM ko kANUragaNa kA batAyA hai / (4) koppala meM purAnI kannar3a meM eka lekha bhI upalabdha hotA hai jisake anusAra jaTAsiMhanandi ke caraNa-cihnoM ko cAvvaya ne batAyA thA / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi kA samAdhimaraNa sambhavataH koppala meM huA ho / punaH DA0 upAdhye ne gaNabheda nAmaka 1. varAMgacarita, saM0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, bhUmikA ( aMgrejI ), pR0 16 para uddhRta - vaMdyar jaTAsiMhaNaMdyAcAryadIMdrAMdyAcAryAdi muni parA kANUrgaNaM / - anantanAtha purANa 1 / 17. 2. dekheM - jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya - pro0 sAgaramala jaina, pR0 145 - 146 3. dekheM -- varAMgacarita, saM0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, bhUmikA (aMgrejI), pR0 17

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190 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya aprakAzita kannar3a grantha ke AdhAra para yaha bhI mAna liyA hai ki koppala yA kopana yApanIyoM kA mukhya pITha thaa| ataH koppala/kopana se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa jaTAsiMhanandi ke yApanIya hone kI sambhAvanA adhika prabala pratIta hotI hai| (5) yApanIya paramparA meM muni ke lie 'yati' kA prayoga adhika pracalita rahA hai| yApanIya AcArya pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana ko 'yatigrAmAgraNI' kahA gayA hai / hama dekhate haiM ki jaTAsiMhanandi ke isa varAMgacarita meM bhI muni ke lie yati zabda kA prayoga bahutAyata se huA hai| granthakAra kI yaha pravRtti usake yApanIya hone kA saMketa karatI hai| (6) varAMgacarita meM siddhasena ke sanmati tarka kA bahuta adhika anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| aneka AdhAroM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki sanmati tarka ke kartA siddhasena kisI bhI sthiti meM digambara paramparA se sambaddha nahIM rahe haiN| yadi ve 5vIM zatI ke pazcAt hae haiM to nizcita hI zvetAmbara haiM aura yadi usake pUrva hue haiM to adhika se adhika zvetAmvara aura yApanIya paramparA kI pUrvaja uttara bhAratIya nirgrantha dhArA se sambaddha rahe haiN| unake sanmati tarka meM kramavAda ke sAtha-sAtha yugapadvAda kI samIkSA, Agamika paramparA kA anusaraNa, kRti kA mahArASTrI prAkRta meM honA Adi tathya isI saMbhAvanA ko puSTa karate haiM / varAMgacarita ke 26veM sarga ke aneka zloka sanmatitarka ke prathama aura tatIya kANDa ko gAthAoM kA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa mAtra lagate haiN| varAMgacarita sanmati tarka varAMgacarita sanmati tarka 26/52 26/65 1/52 26/53 1/9 26/69 3/47 26/54 26/70 26/55 1/12 26/71 26/57 1/17 26/72 3/53 26/58 1/18 26/78 1/11 3/54 3/55 1. dekheM-yApanIya saMgha para kucha aura prakAza, e0 ena0 upAdhye, anekAMta, vIra nirvANa vizeSAMka 1975 / / 2. yatInAM (3/7), yatIndra (3/43), yatipatinA (5/113), yati (5/114), yatinA (8/68), vIracaryA yatayobabhUvuH (30/61), yatipati (30/99), yatiH (31/21) /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 191 varAMgacarita sanmati tarka varAMgacarita sanmati tarka 26/60 1/21 26/90 26/61 1/22 26/99 3/67 26/62 1/23-24 26/100 3/68 26/63 1/25 26/64 1/51 varAMgacaritakAra jaTAsiMhanandi dvArA siddhasena kA yaha anusaraNa isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki ve siddhasena se nikaTa rUpa se jur3e hue haiN| siddhasena kA prabhAva zvetAmbaroM ke sAtha-sAtha yApanIyoM aura yApanIyoM ke kAraNa punnATasaMghIya AcAryoM evaM paMcastUpAnvaya ke AcAryoM para bhI dekhA jAtA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi usa yApanIya athavA kUrcaka paramparA se sambandhita rahe hoMge jo aneka bAtoM meM zvetAmbaroM kI Agamika paramparA ke nikaTa thii| yadi siddhasena zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja AcArya haiM to yApanIya AcAryoM ke dvArA unakA anusaraNa saMbhava hai| yadyapi varAMgacarita ke isI sarga kI do gAthAoM para samantabhadra kA bhI prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai, kintu siddhasena kI apekSA yaha prabhAva alpa mAtrA meM hai|' (7) varAMgacarita meM aneka saMdarbho meM AgamoM, prakIrNakoM evaM niyuktiyoM kA anusaraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama to usameM kahA gayA hai-"una varAMgamuni ne alpakAla meM hI AcArAMga aura aneka prakIrNakoM kA samyak adhyayana karake kramapUrvaka aMgoM evaM pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyA / " isa prasaMga meM prakIrNakoM kA ullekha mahattvapUrNa hai| viSayavastu ko dRSTi se to isake aneka sargoM meM AgamoM kA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| vizeSa rUpa se svarga, naraka, karma-siddhAnta Adi sambandhI vivaraNa meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA anusaraNa huA hai| jaTAsiMhanandi ne caturtha sarga meM jo karma siddhAnta kA vivaraNa diyA hai usake aneka zloka apane prAkRta rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana ke tIsaveM karmaprakRti nAmaka adhyayana meM yathAvat milate haiM1. dekheM-varAMgacarita 26 / 82-83 tulanIya svayambhUstotra (samaMtabhadra), 102-103 2. AcAramAdau samadhItya dhImAnprakIrNakAdhyAyamanekabhedam / aGgAni pUrvAzca yathAnupUAmalparahobhiH samamadhyagISTa // -varAMgacarita, 31/18

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192 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya uttarAdhyayana 30/2-3 30/4-6 30/8-9 30/10-11 30/12 30/13 30/15 varAMgacarita 4/2-3 4/24-25 yadyapi sampUrNa vivaraNa kI dRSTi se varAMgacarita kA karma siddhAnta sambandhI vivaraNa uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA vikasita pratIta hotA hai / isI prakAra kI samAnatA svarga-naraka ke vivaraNa meM bhI dekhI jAtI hai / uttarAdhyayana meM 36 veM adhyayana kI gAthA kramAMka 284 se 296 taka varAMgacarita ke naveM sarga ke zloka 1 se 12 taka kiMcit zAbdika parivartana ke sAtha saMskRta rUpa meM pAyI jAtI haiN| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi bhI AgamoM ke anurUpa bAraha devalokoM kI carcA karate haiM / tulanIya - 4/25-26-27 4/28-29 4 / 33 (AMzika) 4 / 35 (AMzika) 4/37 isI prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya kI bhI aneka gAthAe~ varAMgacarita meM apane saMskRta rUpAntara ke sAtha pAyI jAtI haiM, dekheMdaMsaNabhaTTo bhaTTho, na hu bhaTTho hoi caraNapabbhaTTho / daMsaNa maNupattassa u pariyaDaNaM natthi saMsAre // 65 // daMsaNabhaTTho bhaTTho, daMsaNabhaTTassa natthi nivvANaM / sijjhati caraNarahiyA, daMsaNarahiyA na sijjhati / / 66 / / darzanAbhraSTa evAnu bhraSTa ityabhidhIyate / na hi cAritravibhraSTo bhraSTa ityucyate budhaiH // 96 // mahatA tapasA yukto mithyAdRSTirasaMyataH / tasya sarvajJasaMdRSTyA saMsAro'nanta ucyate // 97 // - varAMgacarita sarga 26 isI prakAra varAMgacarita ke nimna zloka Atura pratyAkhyAna meM pAye jAte haiM - bhaktaparijJA ekastu me zAzvatikaH sa AtmA sadRSTisajjJAnaguNairupetaH / zeSAzca me bAhyatamAzca bhAvAH saMyogasallakSaNalakSitAste // 101 //

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yApanIya sAhitya : 193 saMyogato doSamavApa jIvaH parasparaM naikavidhAnubandhi / tasmAdvisaMyogamato durantamAjIvitAntAdehamutsRjAmi // 102 // sarveSu bhUteSu manaH samaM me vairaM na me kenacidasti kiMcit / AzAM punaH klezasahastra mUlAM hitvA samAdhi laghu saMprapadye ||103 || - varAMgacarita sarga 31 tulanIya - ego me sAsao appA nANa-daMsaNasaMjuo | sesA me bahirA bhAvA savve saMjogalakkhaNA // 27 // saMjogamUlA jIveNaM pattA dukkhaparaMparA / tamhA saMjoga saMbaMdhaM savvaM bhAveNa vosire // 28 // sammaM me savvabhUesa veraM majjha na keNaI | AsAo vosirittANaM samAhiM paDivajjae || 22 // ye tIno gAthAyeM AturapratyAkhyAna se sIdhe varAMgacarita meM gaIM yA mUlAcAra ke mAdhyama se varAMgacarita meM gaIM yaha eka alaga prazna hai / mUlAcAra yApanIya grantha hai, ataH yadi ye gAthAyeM mUlAcAra se bhI lI gaI to bhI jaTAsiMhanandi aura unake grantha varAMgacarita ke yApanIya hone kI hI puSTi hotI hai / yadyapi kundakunda ke granthoM meM bhI ye gAthAyeM pAyI jAtI haiM, kiMtu itanA nizcita hai ki kundakunda ne bhI ye gAthAyeM mUlAcAra se hI lI hogIM / punaH mUlAcAra meM AturapratyAkhyAna kI lagabhaga sabhI gAthAyeM samAhita kara lI gaI haiM, ataH antatogatvA to ye gAthAyeM Atura - pratyAkhyAna se hI lI gaI haiM / Avazyaka niyukti kI bhI nimna do gAthAe~ varAMgacarita meM milatI haiM tulanIya - hayaM nANaM kiyAhINaM, hayA annANao pAsaMto paMgulo daDDho dhAvamANo a saMjogasiddhIi phalaM vayaMti, na hu egacakkeNa raho payAi / aMdhoya paMgU ya vaNe samiccA te saMpauttA nagaraM paviTThA // 102 // 13 --AturapratyAkhyAna kiyA / aMdhao // 101 // kriyAhInaM ca yajjJAnaM na tu siddhiM prayacchati / paripazyanyathA paGgumugdho dagdho davAgninA // 99 //

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194 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya tau yathA saMprayuktau tu dvaagnimdhigcchtH| tathA jJAnacAritrAbhyAM saMsArAnmucyate pumAn // 101 // -varAMgacarita sarga 26 Agama, prakIrNaka aura niyukti sAhitya kA yaha anusaraNa jaTAsiMhanandi aura unake grantha ko digambaretara yApanIya yA kUrcaka sampradAya kA siddha karatA hai| __(8) jaTAsiMhanandi ne na kevala siddhasena kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, apitu unhoMne vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA bhI anusaraNa kiyA hai| cAhe yaha anusaraNa unhoMne sIdhe rUpa se kiyA ho yA raviSeNa ke padmacarita ke mAdhyama se kiyA ho, kintu itanA satya hai ki una para yaha prabhAva AyA hai| varAMgacarita meM zrAvaka ke vratoM ko jo vivecanA upalabdha hotI hai vaha na to pUrNataH zvetAmbara paramparA ke upAsakadazA ke nikaTa hai aura na pUrNataH digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya tattvArtha ke pUjyapAda devanandI ke sarvArthasiddhi ke malapATha ke nikaTa hai / apitu vaha vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM ke nikaTa haiN| paumacariyaM ke samAna ho isameM bhI dezAvakAsika vrata kA antarbhAva digvrata meM mAnakara usa rikta sthAna ko pUrti ke lie saMlekhanA ko bArahavA~ zikSAvrata mAnA gayA hai / kundakunda ne bhI isa paramparA kA 1. sthUlAmahiMsAmapi satyavAkyamacoratAdArarativrataM ca / bhogopabhogArthaparipramANamanarthadigdezanivRttitAM ca // sAmAyikaM proSadhapAtradAnaM sallekhanAM jIvitasaMzaye ca / gRhasthadharmasya hi sAra eSaH saMkSepataste'bhinigadyate sma / dekhie-varAMgacarita, 22/29-30, varAMgacarita, 15 / 111-125 / tulanIya-paJca ya aNuvvayAI, tiNNeva guNavvayAI bhaNiyAiM / sikkhAvayANi etto, cattAri jiNovaiTThANi // 112 // thUlayaraM pANi vahaM, mUsAvAyaM adattadANaM ca / parajuvaINa nivittI, saMtosavayaM ca paJcamayaM // 113 / / disividisANa ya niyamo, aNatthadaNDastha vajjaNaM ceva / uvabhogaparimANaM, tiNNeva guNavvayA aie // 114 / / sAmAiyaM ca uvavAsaposaho atihisaMvibhAgo ya / antesamAhimaraNaM, sikkhAsu vayAi~ cattAri // 115 // -paumacariyaM uddezaka 14

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yApanIya sAhitya : 195 anusaraNa kiyA hai' / kundakunda vimalasUri se to nizcita ho paravartI haiM aura sambhavataH jaTAsiMhanandi se bhI / ataH unake dvArA kiyA gayA yaha anusaraNa asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai / smaraNa rahe ki kundakunda ne trasa-sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa, caturvidha mokSamArga Adi ke sambandha meM bhI Agamika paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai aura unake granthoM meM prakIrNakoM kI aneka gAthAyeM milatI haiM / vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA anusaraNa, raviSeNa, svayambhU Adi aneka yApanIya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai, ataH jaTAsiMhanandi ke yApanIya hone kI saMbhAvanA prabala pratIta hotI hai / (9) jaTAsiMhanandi ne varAMgacarita ke naveM sarga meM kalpavAsI devoM ke prakAroM kA jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai vaha digambara paramparA se bhinna hai / vaimAnika devoM ke bheda ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM spaSTa rUpa se matabheda hai / jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA vaimAnika devoM ke 12 vibhAga mAnatI hai vahA~ digambara, paramparA unake 16 vibhAga mAnatI hai / isa sandarbha meM jaTAsiMhanandi spaSTa rUpa se zvetAmbara yA Agamika paramparA ke nikaTa haiM / ve naveM sarga ke dvitIya zloka meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki kalpavAsI devoM ke bAraha bheda haiM / punaH isI sarga ke sAtaveM zloka se naveM zloka taka uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke samAna una 12 devalokoM ke nAma bhI ginAte haiM / yahA~ ve spaSTa rUpa se na kevala digambara paramparA se bhinna hote 1. paMcevaNuvvayAI guNavvayAI havaMti taha tiSNi / sikkhAvaya cattAriya saMjamacaraNaM ca sAyAraM // thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adattathUle ya / pariharo paramahilA pariggahAraMbha parimANaM // disividisimANaM paDhamaM aNatthadaMDassa vajjaNaM vidiyaM / bhogopabhogaparimANa iyameva guNavvayA tiSNi // sAmAiyaM ca paDhamaM vidiyaM ca taheva posahaM bhaNiyaM / taiyaM ca atihipujja cauttha sallehaNA aMte // - carita pAhuDa, gAthA 23-26 2. dazaprakArA bhavanAdhipAnAM te vyantarAstvaSTavidhA bhavanti / jyotirgaNAzcApi dazArdhabhedA dviSaTkArAH khalu kalpavAsAH // - varAMcarita 9/2 3. saudharmakalpaH prathamopadiSTa aizAnakalpazca punadvatIyaH / sanatkumAro dyutimAMstRtIyo mAhendrakalpazca caturtha uktaH //

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196 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya haiM, balki kisI sImA taka yApanIyoM se bhI bhinna pratIta hote haiN| yadyapi yaha sambhAvanAhai ki yApanIyoM meM prArambha meM AgamoM kA anusaraNa karate hue 12 bheda mAnane kI pravRtti rahI hogI, kiMtu bAda meM digambara paramparA yA anya kisI prabhAva se unameM 16 bheda mAnane kI paramparA vikasita huI hogii| tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM tathA tiloyapaNNatti meM ina donoM hI paramparAoM ke bIja dekhe jAte haiM / tattvArthasUtra kA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya yApanIya pATha jahA~ devoM ke prakAroM kI carcA karatA hai, vahA~ vaha 12 kA nirdeza karatA hai, kintu jahA~ vaha unake nAmoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai to vahA~ 16 nAma prastuta karatA hai / yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI 12 aura 16 donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAyeM hone kA spaSTa ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isase spaSTa lagatA hai ki prArambha meM Agamika mAnyatA kA anusaraNa karate hue yApanIyoM meM aura yadi jaTAsiMhanandi kUrcaka haiM to karcakoM meM bhI kalpavAsI devoM ke 12 prakAra mAnane kI paramparA rahI hogii| Age yApanIyoM meM 16 devalokoM kI mAnyatA kisI anya paramparA ke prabhAva se AyI hogii| (10) varAMgacarita meM varAMgakumAra kI dokSA kA vivaraNa dete hue likhA gayA hai ki-'zramaNa aura AryikAoM ke samIpa jAkara tathA unakA vanayopacAra (vandana) karake vairAgyayukta varAMgakumAra ne ekAnta meM jA siMndara AbhUSaNoM kA tyAga kiyA tathA guNa, zIla, tapa evaM prabuddha tatva rUpI samyak zreSTha AbhUSaNa tathA zveta zubhra vastroM ko grahaNa karake ve brAha myaM punaH paJcamamAhurAstei lAntavaM SaSThamudAharanti / sa saptamaH zukra iti prarUDhaH kalpaH sahasrAra ito'STamastu / / yamAnataM tannavamaM vadanti sa prANato yo dazamastu varNyaH / ekAdazaM tvAraNamAmananti tamAraNaM dvAdazamacyutAntam / / -varAMgacarita, 9/7-8-9 1. dazASTapaJcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapapannaparyantAH / -tattvArthasUtra (vivecaka-paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI) 4/3, pR0 118 dekheN-4|19 meM 16 kalpoM kA nirdeza hai / 2. vArasa kappA keI keI solasa vadaMti AiriyA // 115 // sohammIsANasaNakkumAramAhiMdabamhalaMtavayA / mahasukkasahassArA ANadapANadayAraNaccudayA // 120 // -tiloyapaNNattI AThavA~ adhikAra

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yApanIya sAhitya : 197 jinendra dvArA pratipAdita mArga meM agrasara hue''| dIkSita hote samaya mAtra AbhUSaNoM kA tyAga karanA tathA zveta zubhra vastroM ko grahaNa karanA digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi digambara paramparA se bhinna kisI anya paramparA kA anusaraNa karane vAle the| yApanIyoM meM apavAda mArga meM dIkSita hote samaya rAjA Adi kA nagna honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gayA thaa| caMki varAMgakumAra rAjA the ataH sambhava hai ki unheM savastra hI dIkSita hote dikhAyA gayA ho| yApanIya grantha bhagavatoArAdhanA evaM usakI aparAjitA TIkA meM hameM aise nirdeza milate haiM ki rAjA Adi kulIna puruSa dIkSita hote samaya yA saMthArA grahaNa karate samaya apavAda liMga (savastra) rakha sakate haiN| pUnaH varAMgacarita meM hameM muni ko caryA ke prasaMga meM hemanta kAla meM zIta-pariSaha sahate samaya muni ke lie mAtra eka bAra digambara zabda kA prayoga milA hai / sAmAnyatayA 'vizorNavastrA' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / eka sthala para avazya muniyoM ko nirastrabhUSA' kahA gayA hai kintu nirastrabhUSA kA artha sAjasajjA se rahita hotA hai, nagna nhiiN| ye kucha aise tathya haiM jinapara varAMgacarita kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa, karate samaya gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA jAnA caahie| maiM cAhU~gA ki Age Ane vAle vidvAn sampUrNa grantha kA gambhIratApUrvaka AloDana karake isa samasyA para vicAra kreN| ___ sAdhviyoM ke prasaMga meM carcA karate samaya unheM jIrNa-zIrNa vastroM ko dhAraNa karane vAlI athavA vizIrNa vastroM se AvRtta deha vAlI kahA gayA 1. tato hi gatvA zramaNAjikAnAM samIpamabhyetya kRtopcaaraaH| viviktadeze vigatAnurAgA jahurvarAGgayo vara bhUSaNAni // 13 // guNAzca zIlAni tapAMsi caiva prabuddhatattvAH sitazubhravastrAH / saMgRhya samyagvarabhUSaNAni jinendramArgAbhiratA babhUvuH / / 94 / / -varAMgacarita 29/93-94 2. Avasadhe vA appAugge jo vA mahaDhDhio hirimaM / micchajaNe sajaNe vA tassa hojja avavAdiyaM liMgaM / / 78 // Age isakI TIkA dekheM-'apavAdikaliMgaM sacelaliMga' -bhagavatI ArAdhanA, bhAga 1 aparAjita TIkA pR0 114 3. hemantakAle dhRtibaddhakakSA digambarA hyabhravakAzayogAH / -varAMgacarita, 30/32 4. 23. . / kRtkeshlocH|-vhii 302

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198 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai| isase bho yaha siddha hotA hai ki varAMgacaritakAra jaTAsiMhanandi ko stro dIkSA aura savastra dokSA mAnya thii| jabaki kundakunda strI dIkSA kA spaSTa niSedha karate haiN| (11) varAMgacarita meM striyoM ke dokSA kA spaSTa ullekha hai usameM kahIM bhI aisA ullekha nahIM hai ki strI ko upacAra se mahAvrata hote haiM, jaisA ki digambara paramparA mAnatI hai| isa grantha meM unheM tapodhanA, amitaprabhAvI, gagAgraNI, saMyamanAyikA jaise sammAnita padoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| sAdhvI varga ke prati aisA AdarabhAva koI zvetAmbara yA yApanIya AcArya hI prastuta kara sakatA hai| ataH itanA nizcita hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi kA varAMgacarita kundakunda kI usa digambara paramparA kA grantha nahIM ho sakatA, jo striyoM kI dIkSA niSedha karatI ho yA unako upacAra se hI mahAvrata kahe gaye haiM, aisA mAnatI ho| kundakunda ne sUtraprAbhUta gAthAkramAMka 25 meM evaM liGgaprAbhuta gAthAkramAMka 20 meM strI dIkSA kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai, yaha hama pUrva meM dikhA cuke haiN| (12) varAMgacarita meM zramaNoM aura AyikAoM ko vastra dAna kI carcA hai| yaha tathya digambara paramparA ke viparIta hai| usameM likhA hai ki "vaha nRpati muni puGgavoM ko AhAradAna, zramaNoM aura AryikAoM ko vastra aura annadAna tathA daridroM ko yAcita dAna (kimicchadAnaM) dekara kRtArtha 1. vizIrNavastrAvRtagAtrayaSTayastAH kASThamAtrapratimA babhUvuH / -varAMgacarita, 31/13 2. (a) itthIsu Na pAvayA bhnniyaa| -sUtraprAbhRta 25 (ba) daMsaNaNANacaritte mahilAvaggammi dehi viisho| pAsattha vi hu NiyaTTho bhAvaviNaTTo Na so samaNo / -liMgapAhuDa 20 3. (a) narendrapatnyaH zrutizolabhUSA pratipannadIkSAstadA babhUvuH paripUrNakAmAH // 31/1 // dIkSAdhirAjyazriyamabhyupetA"" // 31/2 / / (ba) naravaravanitA vimucya sAdhvIzamupayayuH svapurANi bhUmipAlAH // 29/99 / / (sa) vratAni zIlAnyamRtopamAni" // 31/4 // (da) mahendrapalyaH zramaNatvamApya"" ||31/113||-vraaNgcrit 4. tapodhanAnAmamitaprabhAvA gaNAgraNo saMyamanAyakA saa| -varAMgacarita, 31/6

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yApanIya sAhitya : 199 huaa|" yahAM prazna upasthita hotA hai ki mUla zloka meM jahA~ muni puGgavoM ke lie AhAradAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ zramaNa aura AryikAoM ke lie vastra aura anna (AhAra) ke dAna kA prayoga huA hai| saMbhavataH yahA~ acela muniyoM ke lie hI 'munipuGgava' zabda kA prayoga huA hai aura sacela muni ke lie 'zramaNa' / bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM usakI aparAjita kI TIkA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM apavAda mArga meM muni ke lie vastra-pAtra grahaNa karane kA nirdeza hai / ___vastrAdi ke saMdarbha meM uparokta sabhI tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi aura unakA varAMgacarita bhI yApanIya kUrcaka paramparA se sambaddha rahA hai| (13) varNa-vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM bhI varAMgacarita ke kartA jaTAsiMhanandi kA dRSTikoNa Agamika dhArA ke anurUpa evaM ati udAra hai| unhoMne varAMgacarita ke paccIsaveM sarga meM janmanA AdhAra para varNa vyavasthA kA kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki varNa vyavasthA karma-vizeSa ke AdhAra para hI nizcita hotI hai isase anya rUpa meM nhiiN| jAtimAtra se koI vipra nahIM hotA, apitu jJAna, zIla Adi se brAhmaNa hotA hai / jJAna se rahita brAhmaNa bhI nikRSTa hai kintu jJAnI zUdra bhI vedAdhyayana kara sakatA hai| vyAsa, vasiSTha, kamaTha, kaNTha, droNa, parAzara Adi ne apanI sAdhanA 1. "AhAradAnaM muni puGgavebhyo, vastrAnnadAnaM zramaNAyikAbhyaH / kimicchadAnaM khalu durgatebhyo datvAkRtArtho nRpatirbabhUva / / -varAMgacarita, 23/92 *(jJAtavya hai ki mUla meM prapha kI azuddhi se zramaNa ke sthAna para zravaNa chapa gayA hai / ) 2. (a) ApavAdika liMgaM scelliNg"...."| -bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA, pR0 114 (ba) cattAri jaNA bhattaM uvkppeNti"..."| cattArijaNA rakkhanti daviyamuvakappiyaM tayaM tehi / -bhagavatI ArAdhanA 661 evaM 663 3. kriyAvizeSAdvyavahAramAtrAyAbhirakSAkRSizilpabhedAt / ziSTAzca varNAzcaturo vadanti na cAnyathA varNacatuSTayaM syAt // -varAMgacarita, 25/11

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200 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya aura sadAcAra se hI brAhmaNatva ko prApta kiyA thaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki varNa-vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM varAMgacaritakAra kA dRSTikoNa uttarAdhyayana Adi kI Agamika dhArA ke nikaTa hai| punaH isa AdhAra para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaTAsiMhanandi usa digambara paramparA ke nahIM haiM jo zUdra-jalagrahaNa aura zUdra-mukti kA niSedha karatI hai / isase jaTAsiMhanandi aura unake grantha varAMgacarita ke yApanIya athavA kurcaka hone kI puSTi hotI hai| pAlyakoti zAkaTAyana aura unakA zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa jaina paramparA meM IsA kI 9vIM meM racita zAkaTAyana kA vyAkaraNa ati prasiddha hai| svayaM granthakartA aura TIkAkAroM ne ise 'zabdAnuzAsana' nAma diyA hai / isa zabdAnuzAsana para zAkaTAyana ne svayaM hI amoghavRtti nAmaka TIkA likhI hai / zAkaTAyana kA mUla nAma pAlyakIti hai / zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti ke sampradAya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM pUrva meM kAphI matabheda rahA / cUki zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana ke adhyayana adhyApana kI pravRtti dakSiNa meM digambara paramparA meM kAphI pracalita thI aura usa para muni dayApAla Adi digambara vidvAnoM ne TokA grantha bhI likhe the, ataH digambara vidvAn unheM apanI sampradAya kA mAnate the| isake viparIta DaoN0 ke0 pI0 pAThaka Adi ne zAkaTAyana kI amoghavRtti meM Avazyakaniyukti, chedasUtra aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya kAlika granyoM kA AdarapUrvaka.. ullekha dekhakara unheM zvetAmvara mAna liyA thaa| kintu ye donoM dhAraNAe~ bAda meM galata siddha huii| aba zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti ke dvArA racita strImukti prakaraNa tathA kevalibhukti prakaraNa ke upalabdha ho jAne se itanA to sunizcita ho gayA, ki ve digambara paramparA ke nahIM hai| kyoMki strI 1. jJAnaM ca na brahma yato nikRSTaH zUdro'pi vedAdhyayanaM karoti // 42 // vidyAkriyAcAruguNaiH prahINo na jAtimAtreNa bhavetsa vipraH / jJAnena zIlena guNena yuktaM taM brAhmaNaM brahmavido vadanti // 43 // vyAso vasiSThaH kamaThazca kaNThaH zaktyugdamau droNaparAzarau ca / AcAravantastapasAbhiyuktA brahmatvamAyuH pratisaMpadAbhiH // 44 // -varAMgacarita sarga, 52 2. janasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthurAma premI pR0 157 / 3. zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam, saM0 paM0 zambhunAtha tripAThI Indroduction. Page 14-15

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yApanIya sAhitya : 201 kI tadbhavabhu kti aura kevalibhukti kI mAnyatAoM kA digambara paramparA spaSTa rUpa se virodha karatI hai| yahA~ yaha kahanA bhI aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke vibhAjaka rekhA ke rUpa meM yahI do siddhAnta pramukha rahe haiN| prasiddha tArkika AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'prameyakamalamArtaNDa' aura 'nyAya kUmadacandra' meM strImukti aura kevalibhukti kA khaNDana zAkaTAyana ke inhIM do prakaraNoM ko pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM rakhakara kiyA hai| ataH ve digambara paramparA ke nahIM ho sakate / yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA ke vAdi vetAla zAntisUri ne apanI uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM, ratnaprabha ne 'ratnAkarAvatArikA'3 meM aura yazovijaya ke 'adhyAtmamataparIkSA tathA 'zAstravArtAsamuccaya'' ko TIkA meM strImukti aura kevalibhukti ke samarthana meM inhIM prakaraNoM kI kArikAyeM uddhRta kI hai, kintu isase yaha to siddha nahIM hotA ki ve ztAmbara the, hA~ hama itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI strImukti aura kevalibhakti ke apane pakSa ke samarthana ke lie unakI kArikAe~ uddhRta karake unheM apane pakSa kA samarthaka batAte hue unake prati sammAna vyakta kiyA hai| zAkaTAyana dvArA strImukti aura kevalIbhukti kA samarthana unake yApanIya hone kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai| zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti yApanIya the / isa sambandha meM paNDita nAthUrAmajI premI ne apane grantha jainasAhitya aura itihAsa (pR0 157-59)meM nimna tarka prastuta kiye haiM (1) zvetAmbara AcArya malayagiri (lagabhaga IsA kI 12vIM zato) ne apanI nandIsUtra kI TIkA meM unheM 'yApanIya yatigrAmAgraNo' batAyA hai| malayagiri ke isa ullekha se unakA yApanIya honA siddha ho jAtA 1. (a) prameyakamala mArtaNDa anu0 (jinamati) (ba) nyAyakumudacandra dvitIya bhAga pR0 177-199 evaM 257-272 (saM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya)pR0 851-787 2. zrImantyuttarAdhyayanAni (devacanda lAlabhAI), TIkA zAntisUrI adhyAya 26 3. ratnAkarAvatArikA 7/57 bhAga 3 pR093-101 / 4. adhyAtmamataparIkSA, yazovijaya / 5. zAstravArtA samuccaya, TIkA yazovijaya / 6. zAkaTAyano'pi yApanIya yatigrAmagraNI svopajJazabdAnuzAsanavRttAvAdI bhagavataH stutimevamAha zrI vIramRtaM jyotirnatvA''di sarvavedasAm / -nandIsUtra, malayagiri TIkA, pR0 23

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202 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai / punaH unakI kRti zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai| kyoMki usameM bhI unheM 'yatigrAma agraNI' yaha viruda (vizeSaNa) diyA gayA hai| (2) zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti dvArA racita strI-mukti aura kevali-- bhukti-ye donoM prakaraNa zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke sAtha bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita bhI ho cuke haiN| prathama prakaraNa meM 45 zlokoM meM strI mukti kA samarthana hai aura dUsare prakaraNa meM 34 zlokoM meM kevalI ke dvArA bhojana karane (kavalAhAra) kA samarthana hai| jJAtavya hai ki yApanIya sampradAya zvetAmbaroM ke samAna hI strI mukti aura kevali bhakti ko svIkAra karatA thaa| svayaM haribhadra ne lalitavistarA meM ina donoM bAtoM ke samarthana meM 'yApanIyataMtra' ko uddhRta kiyA hai| aba yApanIyataMtra anupalabdha hai| ina donoM prakaraNoM meM strImukti aura kevalibhukti ke samarthana ke sAthasAtha acelakatva kA bhI samarthana pAyA jAtA hai| ataH yaha svataH siddha hai ki pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana yApanIya the| kyoMki yApanIya hI ekamAtra aisA sampradAya thA, jo eka ora acelakatva kA samarthana karatA hai, to dUsarI ora strImukti aura kevalibhukti kaa| (3) zAkaTAyana ne apane zabdAnuzAsana kI svopajJa amoghavRtti meM kAlika sUtroM ke sAtha Avazyaka, chedasUtra, niyukti Adi ke adhyayana kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / 2 paNDita nAthUrAma jo premI ke anusAra "ina granthoM kA jisa prakAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unake sampradAya meM ina granthoM ke paThana-pAThana kA pracAra thA / ye grantha digambara sampradAya ko mAnya nahIM the, jabaki yApanIya saMgha ina granthoM ko mAnya karatA thaa| hama pUrva meM bhI isa tathya ko spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki ina nAmoM se pracalita vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Agama grantha yApanIya saMgha meM mAnya rahe haiN| vaTakera, iMdranandI, aparAjitasUri Adi aneka yApanoya AcAryoM ne inako uddhRta bhI kiyA gayA hai| 1. dekheM-lalitavistarA (haribhadra), prakAzaka RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, pR0 57 / jJAtavya hai ki yApanIyataMtra nAmaka mUla graMtha prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha thA, varta mAna meM yaha graMtha anupalabdha hai| 2. dekhe-sUtrANyadhIte, niyuktIradhIte bhaassyaannydhiite....| zAkTAyanavyAkaraNam, amoghavRtti 4 / 4 / 140 aura bhI dekheM 1 / 2 / 203-204 / 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI pR0 158 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 203 zAkaTAyana ke dvArA ina granthoM kA apanI paramparA ke granthoM ke rUpa meM ullekha yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve digambara na hokara yApanoya para- .. mparA ke the| ___ (4) amoghavRtti meM zAkaTAyana ne sarvagupta ko sabase bar3A vyAkhyAtA batalAyA hai,' ye sarvagupta vahI jAna par3ate haiM jinake caraNoM meM baiThakara ArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya ne sUtra aura artha ko acchI taraha se samajhA thaa| yaha hama pUrva meM hI siddha kara cuke haiM ki zivArya aura unakI bhagavatI ArAdhanA yApanIya paramparA se saMbaddha hai| zAkaTAyana dvArA zivArya ke guru kA zreSTha vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM ullekha bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve bhI yApanIya the| . (5) zAkaTAyana ko 'zrutakevalidezIyAcArya' kahA gayA hai| isa sampUrNa pada kA artha hai zrutakevalI tulya AcArya / pANini (5/3/67) ke anusAra dezIya zabda tulyatA kA bodhaka hai| zrutakevalI kA viruda digambara paramparA ke anusAra unheM pradAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jaba zruta hI samApta ho gayA to koI zrutakevalI kaise ho sakatA hai ? zvetAmbara aura yApaniyoM meM aisI padaviyA~ dI jAtI thIM, jaise hemacandra ko kalikAlasarvajJa kahA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra unheM yatigrAmaagraNI bhI kahA gayA hai yaha viruda bhI sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM meM hI pracalita thaa| digambara paramparA meM yApanIyoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI muni ke lie yati (prAkRta-jadi) viruda pracalita huA hai / hama yaha pUrva meM hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki 'yati' viruda bhI unake yApanIya hone kA pramANa hai| malayagiri dvArA nandIsUtra TokA meM unheM yApanIya yatigrAmaagraNI kahanA isako puSTi karatA hai / zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana ko yApanIya TIkAeM : zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana para sAta TIkAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM unameM amoghavRtti aura zAkaTAyana-nyAsa mahattvapUrNa hai| amoghavRtti ke lekhaka svayaM zAkaTAyana hI hai, ataH yaha zabdAnuzAsana kI svopajJa TokA 1. upasarvaguptaM vyAkhyAtAraH-zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam, amoghavRtti 113 / 104 / 2. dekhe-zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam (saM0 paM0 zambhunAtha tripAThI) Introduction, Page. 17. evaM jainasAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 159 / 3. nandIsUtra malayagiri TIkA pR0 23 /

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204 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya * kahI jA sakatI hai| yaha I0 san 814 I0 se san 867 ke bIca kabhI likhI gaI thii| paNDita nAthUrAma jI premI ne isa sambandha meM vistAra se carcA kI hai|' yaha amoghavRtti amoghavarpa nAmaka zAsaka ke sammAna meM likhI gaI hai| kaDaba ke dAnapatra zaka saM0 735 arthAt I0 san 813 meM yApanIya nandisaMghapUNNAgavakSamalagaNa ke arkakIrti nAmaka AcArya kA ullekha hai| arkakIrti ke guru kA nAma vijayakIti aura praguru kA nAma zrI kIrti batAyA gayA hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne yaha sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti isI paramparA ke the aura Azcarya nahIM ki ve arkakIti ke ziSya yA unake sadharmA hoN| Antarika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para amoghavatti ke yApanIya hone ke sandarbha meM hama pUrva meM hI sUcita kara cuke haiN|4 amoghavRtti para prabhAcandra kA nyAsa hai / yadyapi yaha graMtha Aja pUrNa rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI itanA suspaSTa hai ki isake kartA prabhAcandra haiM aura ve prabhAcandra nyAyakumadacandra ke kartA prabhAcandra se bhinna haiN| hamane Age yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki ye prabhAcandra sodatti ke lagabhaga I0 san 980 ke abhilekha meM ullekhita yApanIya saMgha aura kaNDUragaNa ke prabhAcandra hI haiM / nyAyakumudacandra ke kartA prabhAcaMdra ko nyAsa kA kartA mAnanA bhrAMtipUrNa hai| isa abhilekha meM yApanIya kaNDUragaNa kA spaSTa ullekha hai|5 ataH inakA yApanoya honA nirvivAda hai| isa prakAra zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana para likhI gaI svopajJa amoghavRtti aura nyAsa donoM hI yApanIya paramparA ke grantha siddha hote haiM / yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai ki yApanIya prabhAcandra apanI ho paramparA ke zAkaTAyana kI kRti para TIkA likhe| inhIM yApanIya prabhAcandra kA eka graMtha tatvArthasUtra bhI hai usameM inheM bRhatprabhAcandra (lagabhaga I0 san 980) kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ye nyAyakumudacaMdra ke kartA prabhAcaMdra (I0 san 1020) se pUrvavartI evaM jyeSTha the / 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI pR0 161 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 124 / 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI pR0 167 / 4. jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya , DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina pR0 207 5. na zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 160 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 205: zAkaTAyana ke strImukti aura kevalibhukti prakaraNa' zAkaTAyana ke ina donoM granthoM ke saMdarbha meM hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke haiM / strImukti prakaraNa meM strImukti kA samarthana 46 zlokoM meM aura kevalibhukti prakaraNa meM kevalibhukti kA samarthana 37 zlokoM meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki ye donoM mAnyatAe~ digambara paramparA se bhinna haiM tathA zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA kI haiN| yApanIya acelatA ke sAtha-sAtha strImukti aura kevalibhukti ko bhI svIkAra karate the| ina granthoM meM eka ora acelatA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai to dUsarI ora strI-mukti aura kevalibhukti kA bhI samarthana kiyA hai| ataH inako yApanIya mAnane se koI Apatti nahIM AtI hai| ___ zAkaTAyana strImukti prakaraNa meM muni ke liye apavAda mArga meM aura strI ke liye utsarga mArga meM vasra grahaNa ko svIkAra karate haiM aura yaha batAte haiM aisI sthiti meM savastra strI ko sthavira Adi ke samAna mukti sambhava hai / ve likhate haiM ki jina zAsana meM striyoM kI caryA vastra ke binA nahIM kahI gaI hai aura puruSa kI caryA binA vastra ke kahI gaI hai| ve Age kahate haiM ki sthavira (savastra muni) ke samAna savastra strI kI bhI mukti sambhava hai / yadi savastra hone ke kAraNa strI kI mukti svIkAra nahIM kareMge to phira arza, bhagandara Adi rogoM meM aura upasarga kI avasthA meM sarvatra muni kI bhI mukti sambhava nahIM hogii| isa carcA se spaSTa rUpa se do makhya bAteM siddha hotI haiN| prathama to yaha ki muni ke liye utsarga meM acelatA aura apavAda mArga meM sacelatA tathA strI ke liye utsarga mArga meM bhI sacelatA unheM mAnya hai| isase hI ve savastra kI mukti bhI svIkAra karate haiN| ataH zakaTAyana kA yApanIya honA nirvivAda hai kyoMki yaha mAnyatA mAtra yApanIyoM kI hai| 1. ye donoM graMtha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam, sampAdaka-paM0 zambhunAtha tripAThI, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha (mUrtidevI graMthamAlA graMthAMka 39) ke antargata pariziSTa ke rUpa meM grantha kI bhUmikA ke pazcAt chape haiM / 2. vastra vinA na caraNaM strINAmityahatIcyata, vinA'pi / pusAmiti nyavAryata, tatra sthavirAdivada muktiH / / arzIrbhagandarAdiSu gRhItacIro yatina mucyate / upasarge vA cIreggadAdiH saMnyasyate cAtte / / -strImukti prakaraNa, kArikA, 16-17 //

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206 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya prabhAcandrakRta tattvArthasUtra __AcArya umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra se to hama sabhI paricita haiM kintu AcArya prabhAcandra kA eka anya tattvArthasUtra bhI hai, ise bahuta kama loga jAnate haiN| ise prArambha meM 'dasa sUtra'' aura anta meM 'jinakalpIsUtraaisA nAma diyA gayA hai, kintu pratyeka adhyAya kI puSpikA meM sAmAnyatayA bRhatprabhAcandakRta tatvArthasUtra aisA nAma milatA hai| dasaveM adhyAya ke anta meM tattvArthasArasUtra aisA nAma-nirdeza bhI huaa| grantha kI viSayavastu kA vibhAjana aura adhyAya kA krama vahI hai jo tattvArthasUtra kA hai| yaha sunizcita hai ki isakI racanA tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para huI hai kucha sUtroM kI to tattvArthasUtra se samarUpatA bhI hai| isakA eka nAma tattvArthasArasUtra hai jo adhika sArthaka jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki tattvArthasUtra kI viSayavastu ko ho isameM ati saMkSepa meM nirUpita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| tattvArtha kI apekSA isakI sUtra-saMkhyA bahuta hI kama hai, isameM mAtra 107 sUtra haiM jabaki tattvArthasUtra ke digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya pATha meM 357 sUtra aura zvetAmbara mAnya pATha meM 344 sUtra haiM / dasasatra-yaha nAma isake dasa adhyayanoM ke AdhAra para diyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| digambara paramparA meM umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ko bhI dasasUtra kahA jAtA hai| isakA antima nAma jinakalpIsUtra vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / aisA svayaM jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ne isakI bhUmikA meM mAnA hai| merI dRSTi meM bhI yaha nAma isake sampradAya ke nirdhAraNa meM bahuta upayogI hai| isake racayitA prabhAcandra haiM, kintu unake nAma ke sAtha bRhat vizeSaNa lagA huA hai| yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ye prabhAcandra kauna haiM, kaba hue aura kisa paramparA ke haiM ? yahA~ bRhat zabda kA artha bar3A, prAcIna yA pUrvavartI hI abhipreta hai| aba yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki prameyakamala-mArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandra ke kartA prabhAcandra (lagabhaga 1020 I0) ke pUrva 1. "OM namaH siddhaM / atha dazasUtraM likhyate"-tattvArthasUtra, sampAdaka jugala kizora mukhtAra, prakAzana vIra sevA mandira, sahAranapura, pR0 12 / 2. "iti jinakalpisUtraM samAptam'-vahI, pR0 16 / . 3. "iti zrI bRhatprabhAcandraviracite tattvArthasUtre prathamodhyAyaH"-vahI, pR0 23 / 4. "iti zrI bRhatprabhAcandraviracite tattvArthasAre sUtre dazamodhyAyaH''-vahI, pR0 52 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 207 yApanIya sampradAya ke kaNDUragaNa ke eka anya prabhAcandra (lagabhaga 980 I0) kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| ye prabhAcandra Agama aura vyAkaraNa ke viziSTa vidvAna the inakA samaya IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha mAnA jAtA hai|' punaH yApanIya kaNDUragaNa ke ina prabhAcandra kA kAla zaka samvat 902 yA IsvI san 980 hai, jabaki nyAya kumudacandra ke kartA kA kAla AdaraNIya mahendrakumAra jo nyAyAcArya ne lagabhaga IsvI san 1020 mAnA hai| isase yApanIya saMgha ke kaNDUragaNa ke ye prabhAcandra unase pUrvavartI yA vayovRddha-samakAlIna siddha hoMge, ataH unake sAtha lagA yaha bRhad vizeSaNa bhI samyaka hai| ye zAkaTAyana nyAsa evaM pratikramaNa ke TIkAkAra bhI haiM 'pUjyapAda ne bhI prabhAcandra ke eka sUtra ko apane jainendra vyAkaraNa meM udadhata kiyA hai| usase aisA lagatA hai ki pUjyapAda ke pUrva bhI eka prabhAcandra hue haiM. jo vyAkaraNa ke vidvAna the| inakA samaya pUjyapAda ke pUrva hI rahA hogaa| kintu abhilekha meM ullekhita yApanIya kaNDUragaNa ke prabhAcandra aura ye prabhAcandra eka hI vyakti nahIM ho sakate haiN| pUjyapAda chaThI zatI pUrva hue haiM aisI sthiti meM to donoM prabhAcandra bhinna kAla ke hoMge aura bhinna vyakti hoNge| merI dRSTi meM yaha tattvArthasUtra yApanIya prabhAcandra kA hI honA caahie| isameM SoDaza svargoM kA ullekha evaM 'sattvaM dravya lakSaNam' sUtra hone ke kAraNa yaha prati zvetAmbara paramparA se to nizcita hI bhinna paramparA kI hai, kintu isako viSaya-vastu meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai 'jisase ise yApanIya paramparA kA mAnane meM koI bAdhA utpanna ho / jaisA ki tattvArthasUtra ke sambandha meM maiMne siddha kiyA hai ki digambara paramparA meM gRhIta mUlapATha yApanIya paramparA se liyA gayA hai aura prabhAcandra kA yaha tattvArthasUtra bhI sAmAnyatayA digambara paramparA meM mAnya usI yApanoya pATha kA anusaraNa kara rahA hai| isake anta meM diyA gayA jinakalpIsUtra vizeSaNa isake yApanIya hone kA pramANa de detA hai| kyoMki yApanIya zvetAmbaroM ke samAna sthavirakalpa aura jinakalpa donoM ko mAnya karake bhI jinakalpa para vizeSa bala dete haiN| yApanIya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra meM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa ke ullekha pAye jAte haiM, isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki isa tattvArthasUtra ke kartA prabhAcandra yApanIya 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekhakramAMka 160 / 2. nyAyakumudacandraH prathamobhAgaH (paNDita mahendra kumAra, mANikacandra digambara jaina grantha mAlA, bambaI) bhUmikA, pR0 123 / 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 157

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208 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sampradAya ke rahe hoMge / kyoMki digambara paramparA ke AcArya to jinakalpa aura sthavira kalpa aisI mAnyatA ko hI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / isase tattvArthasUtra kA yApanIya prabhAcandra kI kRti honA sunizcita hotA hai / inake sAtha lagA huA bRhad vizeSaNa bhI inheM nyAya mukudacandra ke kartA prabhAcandra se pUrvavartI siddha karatA hai isakI puSTi abhilekhanIya sAkSya se ho jAtI hai / vimalasUri aura unakA paumacariyaM kyA vimalasUri kA paumacariyaM yApanIya hai ? vimalasUri aura unake grantha paumacariyaM ke sampradAya sambandhI prazna ko lekara vidvAnoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai / jahA~ zvetAmbara' aura videzI vidvAn paumacariyaM meM upalabdha antaH sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para use zvetAmbara paramparA kA batAte haiM, vahIM paumacariyaM ke zvetAmbara paramparA ke virodha meM jAnevAle kucha tathyoM ko ubhAra kara kucha digambara vidvAn use digambara yA yApanIya siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiM / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM meM sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM kI dRSTi se yadyapi kucha tathya digambara paramparA ke pakSa meM jAte haiM, kintu adhikAMza tathya zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM hI jAte haiM / jahA~ hameM sarvaprathama ina tathyoM kI samIkSA kara lenI hogii| pro0 bI0 ema0 kulakarNI ne jina tathyoM kA saMketa prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI se prakAzita 'paumacariyaM' kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai, unhIM ke AdhAra para yahA~ hama yaha carcA prastuta karane jA rahe haiM / paumacariyaM kI digambara paramparA se nikaTatA sambandhI kucha tathya(1) kucha digambara vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sAmAnyatayA kisI grantha kA prArambha - 'jambU svAmI ke pUchane para sudharmA svAmI ne kahA, isa prakAra se hotA hai, AgamoM ke sAtha-sAtha kathA granthoM meM yaha paddhati milatI hai, isakA udAharaNa saMghadAsagaNi kI vadevasu hiNDI hai / kintu vasudevahiNDI meM jambU ne prabhava ko kahA- aisA bhI 1. paumacariyaM bhAga-1, iNTroDaksana peja 18, phuTanoTa na0 2 / 2. vahI, 3. dekheM, padmapurANa ( raviSeNa), bhUmikA, DaoN0 pannAlAla jaina, pR0 22-23 / 4. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana (bI0 ema0 kulakarNI), peja 18-22 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 209 ullekha hai / ' jabaki digambara paramparA ke kathA granthoM meM sAmAnyatayA zreNika ke pUchane para gautama gautama gaNadhara ne kahA- aisI paddhati upalabdha hotI hai / jahA~ taka paumacariyaM kA prazna hai usameM nizcita hI zreNika ke pUchane para gautama ne rAmakathA kahI aisI hI paddhati upalabdha hotI hai / 2 kintu mero dRSTi meM isa tathya ko paumacariyaM ke digambara paramparA se sambaddha hone kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki paumacariyaM meM strImukti Adi aise aneka Thosa tathya haiM, jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM hI jAte haiM / yaha saMbhava hai ki saMghabheda ke pUrva uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA meM donoM hI prakAra kI paddhatiyA~ samAna rUpa se pracalita rahI hoM aura bAda meM eka paddhati kA anusaraNa zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kiyA ho aura dUsarI kA digambara evaM yApanIya AcAryoM ne kiyA ho / yaha tathya vimalasUri kI paramparA ke nirdhAraNa meM bahuta adhika sahAyaka isIlie bhI nahIM hotA hai, ki prAcIna kAla meM, zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM meM, grantha prAraMbha karane kI aneka zailiyA~ pracalita rahI haiM / digambara paramparA meM vizeSa rUpa se yApaniyoM meM jambU aura prabhava se bhI kathA paramparA ke calane kA ullekha to svayaM padmacarita meM hI milatA hai / vaho krama zvetAmbara grantha vasudevahiNDI meM bhI hai / 3 zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI kucha aise bhI Agama grantha haiM, jinameM kisI zrAvikA ke pUchane para zrAvaka ne kahA- isase grantha kA prArambha kiyA gayA hai / devindatthava nAmaka prakIrNaka meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM hI usa grantha kA samasta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM ziSya kI jijJAsA samAdhAna hetu guru ke kathana se hI grantha kA prArambha huA hai / " usameM jambU aura sudharmA ke saMvAda kA koI 1. ti tasseva pabhavo kaheyavvo, tappabhavassa ya pabhavassa tti / vasudevahiNDI ( saMghadAsagaNi), gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, gA~dhInagara, pR0 2 / 2. taha indabhUikahiyaM, seNiyaraNNassa nIsesaM / -- paumacariyaM 1, 33 3. vaddha' mAnajinendroktaH so'yamartho gaNezvaraM / indrabhUtiM pariprAptaH sudharmaM dhAriNIbhavam / / tattonuttaravAgminaM / raveryatnoyamudgataH // 4. devidatthao ( davendrastava, - padmacarita 1 / 41-42 parva 123 / 166 sampAdaka - pro0 sAgaramala jaina, Agama-ahiMsAsamatA prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura) gAthA kramAMka - 3, 7, 11, 13, 14 prabhavaM kramataH kIrti likhitaM tasya saMprApya 5. suyaM me Au ! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM / - AcArAMga (saM0 madhukara muni ), 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 14

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210 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya saMketa bhI nahIM hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM grantha kA prArambha karane kI koI eka nizcita paddhati nahIM thii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavayAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandI, anuyogadvAra, dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa Adi aneka granthoM meM bhI jambU aura sUdharmA ke saMvAda vAlI paddhati nahIM pAyI jAtI hai| paddhatiyoM kI ekarUpatA aura vizeSa sampradAya dvArA vizeSa paddhati kA anusaraNa yaha eka paravartI ghaTanA hai| jabaki paumacariyaM apekSAkRta eka prAcIna racanA hai| 2-digambara vidvAnoM ne paumacariyaM meM mahAvIra ke vivAha ke anullekha (paumacariyaM 2 / 28-29 evaM 3 / 57-58) ke AdhAra para use apanI paramparA ke nikaTa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki prathama to paumacariyaM meM mahAvIra kA jIvana-prasaMga ati saMkSipta rUpa se varNita hai ataH mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha na hone se use digambara paramparA kA grantha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| svayaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke kaI prAcIna grantha aise haiM jinameM mahAvIra ke vivAha ke ullekha nahIM hai| paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga ke TippaNa meM likhA hai ki bhagavatI sUtra ke vivaraNa me mahAvIra ke vivAha kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vivAha kA anullekha eka abhAvAtmaka pramANa hai, jo akelA nirNAyaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, jabataka ki anya pramANoM se yaha siddha nahIM ho jAve ki paumacariyaM digambara yA yApanIya grantha hai| 3-punaH paumariyaM meM mahAvIra ke garbha-parivartana kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu merI dRSTi se isakA kAraNa bhI usameM mahAvIra kI kathA ko atyaMta saMkSepa meM prastuta karanA hai| punaH yahA~ bhI kisI abhAvAtmaka tathya ke AdhAra para hI koI niSkarSa nikAlane kA prayatna hogA, jo ki tArkika dRSTi se samucita nahIM hai| ____4-paumacariyaM meM pA~ca sthAvarakAyoM ke ullekha ke AdhAra para bhI use digambara paramparA ke nikaTa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, kintu hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki sthAvaroM kI saMkhyA tIna mAnI gaI hai athavA pA~ca, isa AdhAra para grantha ke zvetAmbara yA digambara paramparA kA hone kA nirNaya karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA meM jahA~ kundakunda ne 1. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana, pRSTha 19 kA phuTanoTa kra. 1 / 2. paumacariyaM, 2/65 evaM 2/93 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 211 paMcAstikAya (111 ) meM tIna sthAvaroM kI carcA kI haiM, vahIM anya AcAryoM ne pA~ca kI carcA kI hai / isI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI, tIna sthAvaroM ko tathA pA~ca sthAvaroM kI-- donoM mAnyatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / ataH ye tathya vimalasUri aura unake grantha kI paramparA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra nahIM bana sakate / isa tathya kI vizeSa carcA hamane tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke prasaMga meM kI hai, sAtha hI eka svatantra lekha bhI zramaNa apraila-jUna 93 meM prakAzita kiyA hai, pAThaka ise vahA~ dekheM / 5 - kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki paumacariyaM meM 14 kulakaroM kI avadhAraNA pAyI jAtI haiM / " digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya grantha tilo paNNattI meM bho 14 kulakaroM kI avadhAraNA kA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai jabaki zvetAmbara mAnya jambUdvIpaprajJapti 15 kulakaroM kI carcA karatI hai ataH yaha grantha digambara paramparA kA honA cAhiye / kintu hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM antima kulakara ke rUpa meM RSabha kA ullekha hai / RSabha ke pUrva nAbhirAya taka 14 kulakaroM kI avadhAraNA to donoM paramparAoM meM samAna hai / ataH yaha antara grantha ke sampradAya ke nirdhAraNa meM mahatvapUrNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / punaH jo kulakaroM ke nAma paumacariyaM meM diye gaye hai unakA jambudvIpaprajJapti aura tiloyapaNNatta donoM se hI kucha aMtara hai / 6 - paumacariyaM ke 14 veM adhikAra kI gAthA 115 meM samAdhimaraNa ko cAra zikSAvratoM ke antargata parigaNita kiyA gayA hai, kintu * 1. paumacariyaM 3 / 55-56 2. tiloyapaNNatti, mahAdhikAra gAthA- 421 ( jovarAja granthamAlA zolApura ) / 3. jambUdvIpaprajJapti, vakSaskAra 2 / 4. paMca ya aNuvvayAiM tiSNeva guNavvayAIM bhaNiyAI / sikkhAvayANi etto cattAri jiNovaidvANi // thUlayaraM pANivahaM mUsAvArya adattadANaM ca / parajuvaINa nivittI saMtosavayaM ca paMcamayaM // disividisANa ya niyamo aNatthadaMDassa vajjaNaM ceva / upabhogaparImANaM tiNNaiva guNavvayA ee // sAmAiyaM ca uvavAsa -posaho atihisaMvibhAgo ya / aMte samAhimaraNaM sikkhAsuvayAi cattAri // - paumacariyaM 14 / 112-115

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212 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya zvetAmbara Agama upAsakadazA meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha zikSAvratoM ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai / jabaki digambara paramparA ke kundakunda Adi kucha AcArya samAdhimaraNa ko 12 veM zikSAvrata ke rUpa meM aMgIkRta karate haiN|' ataH paumacariyaM digambara paraMparA se sambaddha honA cAhiye / isa sandarbha meM merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki guNavatoM evaM zikSAvratoM ke nAma evaM unake krama ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM ekarUpatA kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai. digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha kA anusaraNa karane vAle digambara AcArya bhI samAdhimaraNa ko zikSAvratoM meM parigrahita nahIM karate haiN| jabaki kundakunda ne use zikSAvratoM meM parigrahita kiyA hai| jaba digambara paramparA hI isa prazna para ekamata nahIM hai to phira isa AdhAra para paumacariyaM kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva nirgrantha paramparA meM vibhinna dhAraNAoM kI upasthiti eka sAmAnya bAta hai thii| ataH isa grantha ke sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa karane meM vratoM ke nAma evaM krama sambandhI matabheda sahAyaka nahIM ho skte| 7-paumacariyaM meM anudik kA ullekha huA hai / zvetAmbara AgamoM meM anudik kA ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki digambara grantha (yApanIya grantha) 1. paMcevaNuvvayAiM guNavvayAiM havaMti taha tiSNi / sikkhAvaya cattAri ya saMjamacaraNaM ca sAyAraM // thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adattathUle ya / parihAro paramahilA pariggahAraMbha parimANaM // disavidisamANapaDhamaM aNatthadaNDassa vajjaNaM bidiyaM / bhogopabhogaparimANa iyameva muNavvayA tiNNi // sAmAiyaM ca paDhamaM bidiyaM ca taheva posahaM bhaNiyaM / tIiyaM ca atihipujja cauttha sallehaNA aMte // -cArittapAiDa 22-26 jJAtavya hai ki jaTAsiMha nandI ne bhI varAGgacarita sarga 22 meM vimalasUri kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| 2. dekhie, jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (le0 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina) bhAga-2, pR0 saM0 274 3. paumacariyaM, 102/145

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yApanIya sAhitya : 213 SaTkhaNDAgama evaM tiloyapaNNattI meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai|' kintu merI dRSTi meM prathama to yaha bhI paumacariyaM ke sampradAya nirNaya ke lie mahattvapUrNa sAkSya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki anudik ko avadhAraNA se zvetAmbaroM kA bhI koI virodha nahIM hai| dUsare jaba anudik zabda svayaM AcArAMga meM upalabdha hai to phira hamAre digambara vidvAn yaha kaise kaha dete haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM anudika kI avadhAraNA nahIM hai| 8-paumacariyaM meM dIkSA ke avasara para RSabha dvArA vastroM ke tyAga kA ullekha milatA hai| isI prakAra se bharata dvArA bhI dIkSA grahaNa karate samaya vastroM ke tyAga kA ullekha hai|4 kintu yaha donoM sandarbha bhI paumacari ke digambara yA yApanIya hone ke pramANa nahIM kahe jA skte| kyoMki zvetAmbara mAnya granthoM meM bhI dIkSA ke avasara para vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga kA ullekha to milatA hI hai| yaha bhinna bAta hai ki zvetAmbara granthoM meM usa vastra tyAga ke bAda kahIM devaduSya kA grahaNa bhI dikhAyA jAtA hai / 6 RSabha, bharata, mahAvIra Adi acelakatA to svayaM zvetAmbaroM ko bhI mAnya hai| ataH paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI kA yaha tarka grantha ke digamba ratva kA pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| (9) paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ke anusAra paumacariyaM meM narakoM kI saMkhyA kA jo ullekha milatA hai vaha AcArya pUjyapAda ke sarvArthasiddhimAnya tattvArtha ke pATha ke nikaTa hai, jabaki zvetAmbara bhASya-mAnya tattvArtha ke mUlapATha meM yaha ullekha nahIM hai| kintu tattvArthabhASya evaM anya zvetAmbara 1. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana peja 19; padmapurANa, bhUmikA ( paM0 pannAlAla ), pR0 30 / jo imAo (disAo) aNudisAo vA aNusaMcarai, sayAo disAo aNudisAo, so'haM / -AcArAMga 11 / 1 / 1, zIlAMkaTIkA, pR0 19 / ( jJAtavya hai ki mUla paumacariyaM meM kevala 'anudisAiM. zabda hai jo ki AcArAMga meM usI rUpa meM hai| usase nau anudizAoM kI kalpanA dikhAkara use zvetAmbara AgamoM meM anupasthita kahanA ucita nahIM hai|) 3. dekhie, paumacariyaM 3/135-36; 4. paumacariyaM, 83/5 5. mukkaM vAsojuyalaM"-caupannamahApurisacariyaM, pR0 273 / 6. egaM devadUsamAdAya..."pavvaie / kalpasUtra 114 7. paumacariyaM bhAga-1 ( iNTroDaksana peja 19, phuTanoTa 5 )

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214 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya AgamoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hone se ise bhI nirNAyaka tathya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra nadiyoM kA vivaraNa tathA bharata aura airAvata kSetroM meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla kA vibhAga Adi tathyoM ko bhI graMtha ke digaMbaratva ke pramANa hetu prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, kintu ye sabhI tathya zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI ullekhita haiM / ataH ye tathya grantha ke digamba-ratva yA zvetAmbaratva ke nirNAyaka nahIM kahe jA sakate / mUla paramparA ke eka hone se aneka bAtoM meM ekarUpatA kA honA to svAbhAvika hI hai / punaH SaTkhaNDAgama, tiloya paNNati tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi Adi digambara TIkAyeM paumacariyaM se paravartI hai ataH unameM vimalasUri ke paumacariyaM kA anusaraNa dekhA jAnA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai kintu inake AdhAra para usakI paramparA ko nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / pUrvavartI grantha ke AdhAra para paravartI grantha kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa to sambhava hai kintu paravartI grantha ke AdhAra para pUrvavartI grantha ko paramparA ko nizcita nahIM ko jA sakatI hai / punaH paumacariyaM meM tIrthaMkara mAtA ke 14 svapna, tIrthaMkara nAma karmabandha ke bIsa kAraNa, cakravartI kI rAniyoM kI 64000 saMkhyA, mahAvIra ke dvArA merukampana, strImukti kA spaSTa ullekha Adi aneka aise tathya hai jo strI mukti niSedhaka digambara paramparA ke vipakSa meM jAte haiM / vimalasUri ke sampUrNa grantha meM digambara zabda kA anullekha aura siyambara zabda kA ekAdhika bAra ullekha hone se use kisI bhI sthiti meM digambara paramparA kA grantha siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / AyeM aba isI prazna para zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ke mantavya para bhI vicAra kareM aura dekheM ki kyA vaha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha ho sakatA hai ? paumacariyaM ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke nimnalikhita pramANa prastuta kiye jAte haiM 1 - vimalasUri ne likhA hai ki 'jina' ke mukha se nirgata artharUpa vacanoM ko gaNadharoM ne dhAraNa karake unheM grantharUpa diyA - isa tathya ko muni kalyANavijaya jI ne zvetAmbara paramparA sammata batAyA hai / kyoMki zve 0 paramparA kI niyukti meM isakA ullekha milatA hai / " 2- paumacariyaM ( 2 / 26) meM mahAvIra ke dvArA a~gUThe se meru rurvata ko 1, 'jiNavaramuhAo attho so gaNaherahi dhariuM / Avazyaka niryukti 1/10 2. dekhe - padmapurANa ( AcArya ravizeSa ), prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, sampAdakIya, pR0 7 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 215 kampita karane kI ghaTanA kA bhI ullekha huA hai, yaha avadhAraNA bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM baha pracalita hai| 3-paumacariyaM (2/36-37) meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki mahAvIra kevalajJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt bhavya jIvoM ko upadeza dete hue vipulAcala parvata para Aye, jabaki digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ne 66 dinoM taka mauna rakhakara vipUlAcala parvata para apanA prathama upadeza diyA / DA0 hIrAlAla jaina evaM DA0 upAdhye ne bhI isa kathana ko zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM mAnA hai|' 4-paumacariyaM (2/33) meM mahAvIra kA eka atizaya yaha mAnA gayA hai ki ve devoM ke dvArA nirmita kamaloM para paira rakhate hue yAtrA karate the| yadyapi kucha vidvAnoM ne ise zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM pramANa mAnA hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha koI mahattvapUrNa pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yApanIya AcArya hariSeNa evaM svayambhU Adi ne bhI isa atizaya kA ullekha kiyA hai| 5-paumacariyaM (2/82) meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma prakRti ke bandha ke bIsa kAraNa mAne haiN| yaha mAnyatA Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtAdharmakathA ke samAna hI hai / digambara evaM yApanIya donoM hI paramparAoM meM isake 16 hI kAraNa mAne jAte rahai haiM; ataH isa ullekha ko zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM eka sAkSya kahA jA sakatA hai| 6-paumacariyaM meM marudevI aura padmAvatI-ina tIrthaMkara mAtAoM ke dvArA 14 svapna dekhane kA ullekha hai / 2 yApanIya evaM digambara paramparA 16 svapna mAnatI hai| isa prakAra ise bhI grantha ke 3 vetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke sambandha meM prabala sAkSya mAnA jA sakatA hai| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne yahA~ svapnoM kI saMkhyA 15 batAyI hai| bhavana aura vimAna ko unhoMne do alaga-alaga svapna mAnA hai| kintu zvetAmbara paramparA meM aise ullekha milate haiM ki jo tIrthaMkara naraka se Ate haiM, unakI mAtAe~ bhavana aura jo tIrthaMkara devaloka se Ate haiM unakI mAtAe~ vimAna dekhatI haiN| 1. paumacariyaM, 3/62; 21/13 / ( yahA~ marudevI aura padmAvatI ke svapnoM meM samAnatA hai, mAtra marudevI ke sandarbha meM 'varasiridAma' zabda AyA hai, jabaki padmAvatI ke svapnoM meM 'abhisekadAma' zabda AyA hai kintu donoM kA artha lakSmI hI hai|) 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (nAthUrAma premI), pRSTha 99 /

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216 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ataH bhavana aura vimAna vaikalpika svapna mAne gaye haiM, isa prakAra mAtA dvArA dekhe jAne vAle svapna kI saMkhyA to 14 hI rahatI hai (Avazyaka haribhadro vRtti pR0 108 ) / smaraNa rahe ki yApanIya raviSeNa ne paumacariyaM ke dhvaja ke sthAna para mIna-yugala ko mAnA hai| sAtha hI sAgara ke bAda unhoMne siMhAsana kA ullekha kiyA hai aura vimAna tathA bhavana ko alagaalaga svapna mAnA hai / yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki svapna sambandhI paumacariyaM kI yaha gAthA zvetAmbara mAnya 'nAyadhammakahA' se bilkula samAna hai | ataH yaha avadhAraNA bho grantha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone sambandha meM prabala sAkSya hai / 7 - paumacariyaM meM bharata aura sagara cakravartI ko 64 hajAra rAniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jaba ki digambara paramparA meM cakravartiyoM kI rAniyoM kI saMkhyA 96 hajAra hI batAyI haiM / ataH yaha sAkSya bhI digambara aura yApanIya paramparA ke virUddha hai aura mAtra zvetAmbara paramparA ke pakSa meM jAtA hai / 8 - ajita aura munisuvrata ke vairAgya ke kAraNoM ko tathA unake saMghastha sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara paumacariyaM aura tiloyapaNNatti meM mata vaibhinya hai / kintu aisA matavaibhinya eka hI paramparA meM bho dekhA jAtA hai ata: ise grantha ke zvetAmbara hone kA sabala sAkSya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / 9 - paumacariyaM aura tiloyapatti meM baladevoM ke nAma evaM krama ko lekara matabheda dekhA jAtA hai jabaki paumacariyaM meM diye gaye nAma evaM krama zvetAmbara paramparA meM yathAvat milate haiM / " ataH ise bhI grantha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke pakSa meM eka sAkSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi yaha smaraNa rakhanA honA ki paumacariyaM meM bhI rAma ko baladeva bhI jahA gayA hai / 10- paumacariyaM meM 12 devalokoM kA ullekha hai jo ki zvetAmbara 1. NAyadhamma hA ( madhukara muni) prathama zrutaskaMdha, adhyAya 8, 26 / 2. paumacariyaM 4 / 58; 5 / 98 / 3. padmapurANa ( raviSeNa ), 4 / 66, 247 / 4. dekheM paumacariyaM 21 / 22; paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana peja 22 phuTanoTa - 3. tulanIya -- tiloyapaNNattI, 4/608 / 5. paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana, peja 21 /

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yApanIya sAhitya : 217 paramparA kI mAnyatAnurUpa hai / ' jabaki yApanIya raviSeNa aura digambara paramparA ke anya AcArya devalokoM kI saMkhyA 16 mAnate haiM ataH ise bhI grantha ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone kA pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| 11-paumacariyaM meM samyakdarzana ko pAribhASita karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo nava padArthoM ko jAnatA hai vaha samyagdRSTi hai|2 paumacariyaM meM kahIM bhI 7 tattvoM kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| paM0 phUlacanda jo ke anusAra yaha sAkSya grantha ke zvetAmbara hone ke pakSa meM jAtA hai| kintu merI daSTi meM nava padArthoM kA ullekha digambara paramparA meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai ataH ise grantha ke zvetAmbara hone kA mahattvapUrNa sAkSya to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| donoM hI paramparA meM prAcIna kAla meM nava padArtha hI mAne jAte the, kintu tattvArthasUtra ke pazcAt donoM meM sAta tattvoM kI mAnyatA bhI praviSTa ho gii| ca ki zvetAmbara prAcIna stara ke AgamoM kA anusaraNa karate the ataH unameM 9 tattvoM kI mAnyatA kI pradhAnatA banI rhii| jaba ki digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa sAta tattvoM kI pradhAnatA sthApita ho gii| 12-paumacariyaM meM usake zvetAmbara hone ke sandarbha meM jo sabase mahattvapUrNa sAkSya upalabdha hai vaha yaha ki usameM kaikayI ko mokSa kI prApti batAI gaI hai, isa prakAra paumacariyaM strI mukti kA samarthaka mAnA jA sakatA haiM / yaha tathya digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai| kinta hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yApanoya bhI strImukti to svIkAra karate the ataH isa dRSTi se yaha grantha zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM se sambaddha mAnA jA sakatA hai / 13-isI prakAra paumacariyaM meM muni ko AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM dharmalAbha kahate hue dikhAyA gayA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM muni Azirvacana ke rUpa meM dharmavRddhi kahatA haiM, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA 1. paumacariyaM, 75/35-36 aura 102/42-54 / 2. paumacariyaM, 102/181 / / 3. anekAnta varSa 5, kiraNa 1-2 tatvArtha sUtra kA antaHparIkSaNa, paM0 phUlacanda, jI, pR0 51 / 4. siddhipayaM uttama pattA-paumacariyaM 83/12 / 5. dekheM, paumacariyaM, iNTroDaksana peja 21 /

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218 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya cAhie ki dharmalAbha kahane kI paramparA na kevala zvetAmbara hai, apitu yApanIya bhI hai / yApanIya muni bhI zvetAmbara muniyoM ke samAna dharmalAbha hI kahate the / grantha ke zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke ina antaHsAkSyoM ke parIkSaNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki grantha ke antaH sAkSya mukhya rUpa se usake zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone ke pakSa meM adhika haiN| vizeSa rUpa se strI mukti kA ullekha yaha siddha kara detA hai ki yaha grantha stro mukti niSedhaka digambara paramparA se sambaddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| 14 - vimalasUri ne paumacariyaM ke anta meM apane ko nAila (nAgendra ) vaMzanandIkara AcArya rAhU kA praziSya aura AcArya vijaya kA ziSya banAyA hai / sAtha hI paumacariyaM kA racanAkAla vI0 ni0 saM0 530 kahA hai / 3 ye donoM tathya bhI vimalasUri evaM unake grantha ke sampradAya-nirdhAraNa hetu mahattvapUrNa AdhAra mAne jA sakate haiM / yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM nAgendrakula kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai, jabaki zvetAmbara mAnya kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM Aryavajra ke praziSya evaM vrajasena ke ziSya Arya nAga se nAila yA nAgila zAkhA ke nikalane kA ullekha hai | zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra bhI vrajasena ke ziSya Arya nAga ne nAila zAkhA prArambha kI thI / vimalasUri isI nAgila zAkhA meM hue haiM / nandI sUtra meM AcArya bhUtadinna ko bhI nAilakulavaMzanaMdIkara kahA gayA hai / " yahI viruda vimalasUri ne apane guruoM AyaM rAhU evaM Arya vijaya ko bhI diyA hai / ataH yaha sunizcita hai ki vimalasUri uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA se sambandhita haiM aura unakA yaha ' nAila kula' zvetAmbaroM meM bArahavIM zatAbdI taka calatA rahA hai| cAhe unheM Aja ke artha meM zvetAmbara na kahA jAye, kintu ve zvetAmbaroM ke agraja avazya hai, isameM kisI prakAra ke matabheda kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / 1. gopyA yApanIyA / gopyAstu vandyamAnA dharmalAbhaM bhaNanti / - SaTdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 4 / 1 / 2. paumacariyaM, 118/117; / 3. vahI, 118 / 103 / 4. 'therehito NaM ajjavairase Niehito ettha NaM ajjanAilI sAhA niggayA'kalpasUtra 221, pR0 306 / nAilakula - vaMsanaM dika re" bhUya dinnamAyarie / - nandIsUtra 44-45 / 5. .

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yApanIya sAhitya : 219 paumacariyaM ke sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa karane hetu yahA~ do samasyAe~. vicAraNIya haiM-prathama to yaha ki yadi paumacariyaM kA racanAkAla vIra ni0 saM0 530 hai, jise aneka AdhAroM para ayathArtha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, to ve uttarabhArata ke sampradAya vibhAjana ke pUrva ke. AcArya siddha hoNge| yadi hama mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 467 mAnate haiM to isa grantha kA racanAkAla I0 san 64 aura vi0 saM0 122 AtA hai| dUsare zabdo meM paumacariyaM vikrama ko dvitIya zatAbdo ke pUrvArdha kI racanA hai| kintu vicAraNIya yaha hai ki kyA vIra ni0 saM0 530 meM nAgilakula astitva meM A cukA thA ? yadi hama kalpasUtra paTTAvali kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to Arya vajra ke ziSya Arya vajrasena aura unake ziSya Arya nAga mahAvIra kI pATa paraparA meM kramazaH 13veM, 14veM evaM 15veM sthAna para Ate haiN| yadi AcAryoM kA sAmAnya kAla 30 varSa mAneM to Aryavajrasena aura Arya nAga kA kAla vIra ni0 ke 420 varSa pazcAt AtA hai, isa dRSTi se vIra ni0 ke 530veM varSa meM nAila kula kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai / yadyapi paTTAvaliyoM meM vajra svAmI ke samaya kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai kintu nihnavoM ke sambandha meM jo kathAyeM haiM, usameM Arya rakSita ko Arya bhadra aura vajra svAmI kA samakAlIna batAyA gayA hai aura isa dRSTi se vajrasvAmI kA samaya vIra ni0 583 mAna liyA gayA hai, kintu yaha dhAraNA bhrAntipUrNa hai / isa saMbaMdha meM vizeSa uhApoha karake kalyANa vijaya jI ne Arya vajUsena kI dIkSA vIra nika saM0 486 meM nizcita ko hai| yadi ise bhI hama sahI mAna leM to vIra ni0 saM0 530 meM nAIla kUla kA astitva mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / punaH yadi koI AcArya dIrdhajovI ho to apanI ziSya paraMparA meM sAmAnyatayA vaha cAra-pA~ca por3hiyA~ to dekha ho letA hai| vajrasena ke ziSya Arya nAga, jinake nAma para nAgendra kula hI sthApanA huI, apane dAdA guru Arya vajra ke jIvanakAla meM jIvita ho sakate haiN| punaH Arya vajra kA svargavAsa vI0 ni0 saM0 584 meM huA aisA anya srotoM se pramANita nahIM hotA hai / mero dRSTi meM to yaha bhrAnta avadhAraNA hai| yaha bhrAnti isaliye pracacita ho gaI ki nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI meM Arya vaz2a ke pazcAt sIdhe Arya rakSita kA ullekha huaa| isI AdhAra para unheM Arya vajra kA sIdhA ziSya mAnakara vajrasena ko unakA guru bhrAtA mAna liyA gayA aura AryarakSita ke kAla ke AdhAra para unake kAla kA 1. paTThAvalI parAgasaMgraha (kalyANavijayajI), pR0 27 evaM 138-139.

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220 : jainadharma kA yApanIyasampradAya 'nirdhAraNa kara liyA gyaa| kintu nandIsUtra meM AcAryoM ke krama meM bIcabIca meM antarAla rahe haiM / ataH AcArya vimalasUri kA kAla vIra nirvANa saM0 530 arthAt vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| yadi hama paumacariyaM ke racanAkAla vIra ni0 saM0 530 ko svIkAra karate haiM, to yaha spaSTa hai ki usa kAla taka uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM vibhinna kula zAkhAoM kI upasthiti aura unameM kucha mAnyatA bheda yA vAcanAbheda to thA phira bhI spaSTa saMghabheda nahIM huA thaa| donoM paraMparA isa saMghabheda ko vora nirvANa saM0 606 yA609 meM mAnatI hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki apane kAla kI dRSTi se bhI vimalasari saMgha. bheda ke pUrva ke AcArya haiM aura isalie unheM kisI saMpradAya vizeSa se jor3anA saMbhava nahIM hai| hama sirpha yaho kaha sakate haiM ve uttara bhArata ke usa zramaNa saMgha meM hue haiM, jisase zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM dhArAe~ nikalI haiM / ataH ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrvaja haiM aura donoM ne unakA anusaraNa kiyA hai / yadyapi dakSiNa bhArata kI nirgrantha paraMparA ke prabhAva se yApanIyoM ne unakI kucha mAnyatAoM ko apane anusAra saMzodhita kara liyA thA, kintu strImukti Adi to unheM bhI mAnya rahI hai| paumacariyaM meM strImakti Adi kI jo avadhAraNA hai vaha bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ve ina donoM paraMparAoM ke pUrvaja haiM, kyoMki donoM hI paramparAyeM strImukti ko svIkAra karatI haiM / yadi kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke sabhI gaNa, kula, zAkhAyeM zvetAmbaroM dvArA mAnya hai, to vimalasUrI ko zvetAmbaroM kA pUrvaja mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahI hai| punaH yaha bhI satya hai ki sabhI zvetAmbara AcArya unheM apanI paraMparA kA mAnate rahe haiM / jabaki yApanIya raviSeNa aura svayaMbhU ne unake granthoM kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI unake nAma kA smaraNa taka nahIM kiyA hai, isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve unheM apane se bhinna paraMparA kA mAnate the / kintu yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ve usI yuga meM hue haiM jaba zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara kA spaSTa bheda sAmane nahIM AyA thA / yadyapi kucha vidvAn unake grantha meM muni ke lie 'siyaMbara' zabda ke ekAdhika prayoga dekhakara unako zvetAmbara paraMparA se sambaddha karanA cAheMge, kintu isa saMbaMdha meM kucha sAvadhAniyoM kI apekSA hai / vimalasUri ke ina do-cAra prayogoM ko chor3akara hameM prAcIna stara ke sAhitya meM kahIM bhI zvetAmbara yA digambara zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM milatA hai / svayaM vimalasUri dvArA paumacariyaM meM eka bhI sthala para digambara zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vidvAnoM ne bhI vimalasUri ke

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yApanIya sAhitya : 221 SaumacariyaM meM upalabdha zvetAmbara (siyaMbara) zabda ke prayoga ko saMpradAya sUcaka na mAnakara usa yuga ke savastra muni kA sUcaka mAnA hai| ho sakatA hai ki paravartI zvetAmbara AcAryoM yA pratilipi kartAoM ne yaha zabda badalA ho, yadyapi aisI saMbhAvanA kama hai / kyoMki sItA sAdhvI ke liye bhI siyaMbAra zabda kA prayoga unhoMne svayaM hI kiyA hogaa| mujhe aisA lagatA hai vimala sUri ke yuga taka jaina muniyoM meM vastra rakhane kI pravRtti vikasita ho cukI thii| mathurA ke IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatI ke aMkana bhI isakI puSTi karate haiN| jisa prakAra savastra sAdhvI sItA ko vimalasari ne siyaMbarA kahA usI prakAra savastra muni ko bhI siyaMbara kahA hogaa| unakA yaha prayoga nigrantha muniyoM dvArA vastra rakhane kI pravRtti kA sUcaka hai, na ki zvetAmbara digambara saMghabheda kA / vimalasUri nizcita hI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya-donoM ke pUrvaja hai| zvetAmbara unheM apane saMpradAya kA kevala isIliye mAnate haiM ki ve unakI pUrva paraMparA se jur3e hue haiN| zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne mahAvIra jayantI smArikA jayapura varSa 1977 I0pRSTha 257 para isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se svokAra kiyA hai ki vimalasUri aura paumacariyaM yApanIya nahIM hai| ve likhatI haiM ki 'nizcita vimalasari eka zvetAmbarAcArya hai / unakA nAilavaMza, svayaMbhU dvArA unakA smaraNa na kiyA jAnA tathA unake (grantha meM) zvetAmbara sAdhu kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha-unake yApanIya na hone ke pratyakSa pramANa hai| vimalasUri aura unake grantha paumacariyaM ko yApanIya mAnane meM sabase bar3I bAdhA yaha bhI hai ki unakI kRti mahArASTrI prAkRta meM hai jabaki kisI bhI yApanIya yA digaMbara lekhaka ne mahArASTrI prAkRta ko apane grantha kI bhASA nahIM banAyA hai| yApanIyoM ne sadaiva hI ardhamAgadhI se prabhAvita zauraseno prAkRta ko hI apanI bhASA mAnA hai| ataH AdaraNIya paM0 nAthurAmajI premI ne usake yApanIya hone ke saMbaMdha meM jo saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hai, vaha samucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki unakI mAnyatAoM kI zvetAmbaroM evaM yApanIyoM donoM se samAnatA hai, kintu isakA kAraNa unakA ina donoM paramparAoM kA pUrvaja honA hai-zvetAmbara yA yApanoya honA nahIM / kAlakI daSTi se bhI ve ina donoM ke pUrvaja hI siddha hote haiN| punaH yApanIya AcArya raviSeNa aura apabhraMza ke mahAkavi svayambhu dvArA unakI kRti kA pUrNataH anusaraNa karane para bhI unake nAma kA ullekha nahIM karanA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve unheM

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222 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya apanI paramparA kA nahIM mAnate the| ataH siddha yahI hotA hai ki vimalasari zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparA ke pUrvaja hai| zvetAmbaroM ne sadaiva apane parvaja AcAryoM ko apanI paramparA kA mAnAhai / vimalasUri ke digambara hone kA to prazna hI nahIM uThatA, yApanIyoM ne unakA anusaraNa karate hue bhI unheM apanI paramparA kA nahIM mAnA, anyathA raviSeNa aura svayambhu kahIM na kahIM unakA nAma nirdeza avazya krte| punaH yApanoyoM kI zaurasenI prAkRta ko na apanA kara apanA kAvya mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhanA yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve yApanIya nahIM hai| vimalasari kI paramparA ke sambandha meM do hI vikalpa hai| yadi hama unake grantha kA racanA kAla vIra nirvANa samvat 530 mAnate haiM to hameM unheM zvetAmbara aura pApanoyoM kA pUrvaja mAnanA hogaa| yadi hama isa kAla ko vIra nirvANa samvat na mAnakara vikrama samvat mAnate haiM, jaisA ki kucha vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai, to unheM zvetAmbara AcArya mAnanA hogaa|

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siddhasena divAkara aura unake sanmatisUtra kI paramparA : siddhasena divAkara aura unake grantha sanmatisUtra ke sampradAya ke viSaya meM vibhinna dRSTikoNa parilakSita hote haiM / jinabhadra, haribhadra Adi se 'prArambha karake paM0 sukhalAla jI, paM0 becaradAsa jI Adi sabhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAn ekamata se unheM apane sampradAya kA svIkAra karate hai / isake viparIta SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA evaM jinasena ke harivaMza tathA raviSeNa ke padmapurANa meM siddhasena kA ullekha hone se paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra jaise digambara paramparA ke kucha vidvAn unheM apanI paramparA kA AcArya siddha karane kA prayAsa karate haiM / kintu digambara paramparA se unakI kucha bhinnatAoM ko dekhakara pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye Adi kucha digambara vidvAnoM ne unheM yApanIya paramparA kA AcArya siddha karane kA 1. ( a ) daMsaNagAhI - daMsaNaNANappabhAvagANi satthANi siddhiviNicchayasaMmatimAdi gehaMto asaMtharamANe jaM akappiyaM paDisevati jayagAte tattha so suddho aprAyazcittI bhavatItyarthaH / - nizIthacUrNi bhAga 1, pR0 162 daMsaNapabhAvagANa satyANa sammadiyAdisutaNANe ya jo visArado Nissakiyasutta tyo tti vRttaM bhavati / vahI bhAga 3, pR0 202 pADatA jahA siddhaseNAyarieNa assA pakatA / ( ba ) Ayariya siddhaseNeNa sammaI e paiTThi dUsamaNisAdivAgara kapattaNao -vahI bhAga 2, pR0 281 ajaseNaM / tadavakheNaM // -- paMcavastu ( haribhadra ) 1048 cUrNisaha - pR0 16 ( zrImaNivijaya ( yahA~ siddhasena ko guru se bhinna (sa) zrI dazAzrutaskandha mUla, niyukti, granthamAlA naM0 14 saM0 2011 ) artha karane vAlA bhAva - avinaya kA doSI batAyA gayA hai ) (da) pUrvAcArya viraciteSu sanmati nayAvatArAdiSu " 1 - dvAdazAraM nayacakam, (mallavAdi ) 1988 tRtIya vibhAga, pR0 886 bhAvanagarasthA zrIAtmAnanda sabhA, 2. ( a ) aNeNa sammaisutteNa saha kathamidaM vakkhANaM Na virujjhade / ( jJAtavya hai ki isake pUrva sammatimUtra kI gAthA 6 uddhRta hai ) - ghavalA, TIkA samanvita SaTkhaNDAgama 1 / 1 / 1 pustaka 1 pR0 16

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224 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya prayAsa kiyA hai| pro0 upAdhye ne jo tarka diye unheM spaSTa karate hue tathA apanI ora se kucha anya kucha tarkoM ko prastuta karate hue DaoN. kusuma paToriyA ne bhI unheM yApanIya paramparA kA siddha kiyA hai| prastuta sandarbha meM hama ina sabhI vidvAnoM ke mantavyoM kI samIkSA karate hue yaha nizcaya karane kA prayatna kareMge ki vastuta: siddhasena kI paramparA kyA thI? (ba) jagatprasiddha bodhasya, vRSabhasyeva nistuSAH / bodhayaMti satAM buddhi siddhasenasya sUktayaH / / -harivaMzapurANa ( jinasena ) 1 / 30 sa siddhaseno'bhaya bhImasenako guru parau tau jinazAMtiSaNako / -vahI 66 / 29 (sa) pravAdikariyathAnAM kesarI nayakesaraH / siddhasena kavirjIyAdvikalpanakharAGkuraH // -AdipurANa ( jinasena ) 1 / 42 (da) AsIdindragururdivAkarayatiH ziSyo'sya cAhanmuniH / tasmAllakSmaNasena sanmuniradaH ziSyo ravistu smRtaH // -padmacarita ( raviNa ) 123 / 167 jJAtavya hai ki harivaMza purANa ke anta meM pundhATasaMdhIya jinasema kI apanI guruparamparA meM ullekhita siddhasena tathA raviSeNa dvArA padmacarita ke anta meM apanI guru paramparA meM ullekhita divAkara yati-ye donoM siddhasena divAkara se bhinna hai| yadyapi harivaMza ke prArambha meM tathA AdipurANa ke prArambha meM pUrvAcAryoM kA smaraNa karate hue jina siddhasena kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve siddhasena divAkara hI hai (i) dekheM-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, jugalakizora mukhtAra, pR0 500-585 (epha) dhavalA aura jaya dhavalA meM sanmatisUtra kI kitanI gAthAyeM kahA~ uddhRta huI, isakA vivaraNa paM0 sukhalAlajI ne sanmatiprakaraNa kI apanI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai / dekhe-sanmatiprakaraNa bhUmikA pR0 58 (jI) isIprakAra jaTila ke varAMgacarita meM bhI sanmatitarka kI aneka gAthAe~ apane saMskRta rUpAntaraNa meM pAyI jAtI hai| isakA vivaraNa maiMne isI grantha ke isI adhyAya meM varAGgacaritra ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai / 1. siddhasenAsa nyAyAvatAra eNDa adara varksa-e0 ena0 upAdhye, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala vAmbe, inTroDakzana peja XIV-XVII 2. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya -DaoN0 kusumapaToriyA pR0 143-148

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siddhasena divAkara aura unake sammatisUtra kI paramparA : 225 kyA siddhasena digambara hai ? isa carcA ke prasaMga meM hamArA AdhAra mukhya rUpa se sanmatisUtra aura dvAtrizikAe~ hI hai / nyAyAvatAra sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena kI kRti hai yA nahIM, yaha vivAdAspada prazna hai / isa sandarbha meM zve0 vidvAn bhI mataikya nahIM rakhate haiN| paM0 sukhalAla jI, paM0 becaradAsa jI evaM paM0 dalasukhamAlavaNiyA ne nyAyAvatAra ko siddhasena kI kRti mAnA hai, kintu ema0 e0 DhAkI Adi kucha zvetAmbara vidvAn unase matabheda rakhate hue use siddhaSi kI kRti mAnate haiN'| kiMtu kucha tArkika AdhAroM para merI vyaktigata mAnyatA yaha hai ki nyAyAvatAra bhI siddhasena kI kRti hai| prathama to yaha ki nyAyAvatAra bhI eka dvitrizikA hai aura mujhe jJAta nahIM hai ki siddhasena ke atirikta kisI anya zvetAMbara yA digaMbara prAcIna AcArya ne dvitrizikA zailI ko apanAyA ho, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM haribhadra ne aSTaka, SoDazaka evaM vizikAyeM to likhIM kintu dvAtriMzikA nahIM likhii| dUsare nyAyAvatAra meM Agama yuga ke pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ina tIna pramANoM kI hI carcA huI hai darzanayuga meM vikasita jaina paramparA meM mAnya smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka kI pramANa ke rUpa meM mUla grantha meM koI carcA nahIM hai jabaki paravartI sabhI zvetAmbara evaM digambara AcArya evaM nyAyAvatAra ke TIkAkAra siddharSi svayaM bhI ina pramANoM kI carcA karate haiM / yadi siddharSi svayaM hI isake kartA hote to kama se kama eka kArikA banAkara ina tInoM pramANoM kA ullekha to mUlagrantha meM avazya karate / punaH siddharSi kI TIkA meM eka bhI aisA lakSaNa nahIM milatA hai, jisase vaha svopajJa siddha hotI hai / pratyakSa kI paribhASA meM prayukta abhrAnta pada tathA sanmatabhadra ke ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ke jisa zloka ko lekara yaha zaMkA kI jAtI hai ki nyAyAvatAra siddhasena divAkara kI kRti nahIM hai- anyathA ve dharmakIrti aura samantabhadra ke paravartI siddha hoNge| usameM jahA~ taka abhrAnta pada kA prazna hai - tucI ke anusAra yaha dharmakIrti ke pUrva bhI bauddha nyAya meM pracalita thA / yaha ho sakatA hai dharmakIrti ke pUrva bhI bauddha nyAya kA vartamAna meM anupalabdha koI grantha rahA ho jisameM abhrAnta pada kA prayoga huA ho / punaH samantabhadra kI kRti ke rUpa meM mAnya ratnakaNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM prApta jisa samAna kArikA ko lekara vivAda kiyA jAtA haiusa sambandha meM prathama to yaha nizcita nahIM hai ki ratnakaraNDaka 1. pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para 15

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226 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya prAcIna stutiyoM ke kartA samantabhadra kI ho kRti hai / dUsare yaha ki yaha kArikA donoM granthoM meM apane yogya sthAna para hai ataH ise siddhasena se samantabhadra ne liyA hai yA samantabhadra se siddhasena ne liyA hai yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai / tIsare samantabhadra bhI lagabhaga 5 vIM zatI ke AcArya hai ataH nyAyAvatAra ko siddhasena kI kRti mAnane meM bAdhA nahIM haiM / paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena ko diga mbara paramparA kA AcArya siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiM tathApi mukhtAra jI unheM digambara paramparA kA AcArya hone ke saMbaMdha meM koI bhI AdhArabhUta pramANa prastuta nahIM kara pAye haiM / unake tarka mukhyataH do bAtoM para sthita haiM - prathamataH siddhasena ke granthoM se yaha phalita nahIM hotA ki ve strImukti, kevalIbhukti aura savastramukti Adi ke samarthaka the| dUsare yaha ki siddhasena athavA unake grantha sanmati sUtra kA ullekha jinasena, hariSeNa, vIraSeNa Adi digambara AcAryoM ne kiyA hai-isa AdhAra para ve unake digambara paramparA kA hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta karate haiM / yadi AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI unake granthoM meM strImukti, kevalobhukti yA savastramukti kA samarthana nahIM hone ke niSedhAtmaka tarka ke AdhAra para unheM digambara mAnate haiM, to phira isI prakAra ke niSedhAtmaka tarka ke AdhAra para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki unake granthoM meM strImukti, dharakti aura savastra mukti kA khaNDana nahIM haiM, ataH ve zvetAmbara para - mparA ke AcArya haiM / punaH mukhtAra jI yaha mAna lete haiM ki raviSega aura punnATasaMghIya jinasena digambara paramparA ke haiM, yaha bhI unakI bhrAMti hai| raviSeNa yApa nIya paramparA ke haiM ataH unake paradAdA guru ke sAtha meM siddhasena divAkara kA ullekha mAneM to bhI ve yApanIya siddha hogeM digambara to kisI bho sthiti meM siddha nahIM hoMge / AdaraNIya mukhtArajI ne eka yaha vicitra tarka diyA hai ki zvetAmbara prabandhoM meM siddhasena ke sanmati sUtra kA ullekha nahIM hai, isalie prabandhoM meM ullekhita siddhasena anya koI siddhasena haiM, ve sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena nahIM haiM / kintu mukhtAra jI ye kaise bhUla jAte haiM ki prabandha granthoM ke likhe jAne ke pA~ca sau varSa pUrva haribhadra ke paMcavastu tathA jinabhadra kI nizothacUrNi meM sanmatisUtra aura usake kartA ke rUpa meM siddhasena ke ullekha upasthita haiM / jaba prabandhoM se prAcIna zvetA1. dekhe - jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra, pR0 580-582

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siddhAnta vidyAdhara aura unake sammatisUtra kI paramparA : 227 mbara granthoM meM sanmatisUtra ke kartA ke rUpa meM siddhasena kA ullekha hai, to phira yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki prabandhoM meM jo siddhasena kA ullekha hai, vaha sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena kA na hokara kucha dvAtriMzikAoM aura mAyAvatAra ke kartA kisI anya siddhasena kA hai / punaH zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne yadyapi siddhasena ke abhedavAda kA khaNDana kiyA aura unheM AgamoM kI avamAnanA karane para daNDita kise jAne kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai, kinta kisI ne bhI unheM apane se bhinna paramparA yA sampradAya kA nahIM batAyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAn unheM matabhinnatA ke bAvajUda bhI apanI hI paramparA kA AcArya prAcIna kAla se mAnate A rahe haiN| zvetA. mbara granthoM meM unheM daNDita karane kI jo kathA pracalita hai, vaha bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ve sacela dhArA meM hI dIkSita hue the, kyoMki kisI AcArya ko daNDa dene kA adhikAra apanI hI paramparA ke vyakti ko hotA hai-anya paramparA ke vyakti ko nhiiN| ataH siddhasena digambara paramparA ke AcArya the, yaha kisI bhI sthiti meM siddha nahIM hotA hai / kevala yApanIya granthoM aura unako TIkAoM meM siddhasena kA ullekha honese itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki siddhasena yApanIya paramparA meM mAnya rahe haiN| punaH zve0 dhArA se kucha bAtoM meM apanI mata-bhinnatA rakhane ke kAraNa unako yApanIya yA digambara paramparA meM Adara milanA asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai| jo bhI hamAre virodhI kA Alocaka hotA hai, vaha hamAre lie AdaraNIya hotA hai, yaha eka manovaijJAnika satya hai| kucha zvetAmvara mAnyatAoM kA virodha karane ke kAraNa siddhasena yApanIya aura digambara donoM meM AdaraNIya bane haiM, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki ve digambara yA yApanIya haiN| yaha to usI lokotti ke AdhAra para huA hai ki 'zatru kA zatru mitra hotA hai|' kisI bhI digambara paramparA ke grantha meM siddhasena ke jIvana vRtta kA ullekha na hone se tathA zve0 paramparA meM unake jIvanavRtta kA savistAra ullekha hone se tathA zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA unheM kucha kAla ke lie saMgha se niSkAsita kiye jAne ke vivaraNoM 1. dekheM-prabhAvakacaritta-prabhAcandra-siMdhI jaina granthamAlA pR0 54-61 / prabandhakoza (caturviMzatiprabandha)-rAjazekharasUri-siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha pR0 15-21 prabandha cintAmaNi merutuMga-siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha pR0 7-9 2. prabhAvakacarita-vRddhavAdisUricaritam pR0 107-120

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228 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya se yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve yApanIya yA digambara paramparA ke AcArya nahIM the| matabhedoM ke bAvajUda bhI zvetAmbaroM ne sadaiva hI unheM apanI paramparA kA AcArya mAnA hai| digambara AcAryoM ne unheM 'dveSya-sitapaTa' to kahA, kintu apanI paramparA kA kabhI nahIM maanaa| eka bhI aisA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai jisameM sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena ko digambara paramparA kA kahA gayA ho| jabaki zvetAmbara bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha unakI kRtiyoM kI pratilipiyoM meM unheM zvetAmbarAcArya kahA gayA hai| ___zvetAmbara paramparA ke sAhitya meM chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara madhyakAla taka siddhasena ke aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / punaH siddhasena kI kucha dvAtriMzikAyeM spaSTa rUpa se mahAvIra ke vivAha Adi zvetAmbara mAnyatA evaM Agama granthoM kI svIkRti aura Agamika sandarbho kA ullekha karatI hai / ' yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA ke grantha yaha bhI ullekha karate haiM ki kucha praznoM ko lekara unakA zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM se matabheda thA, kintu isase yaha to siddha nahIM hotA hai ki ve kisI anya paramparA ke AcArya the / yadyapi siddhasena zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya ko svIkAra karate the kintu ve AgamoM ko yugAnurUpa tarka purassaratA bhI pradAna karanA cAhate the| isalie unhoMne sanmatisUtra meM Agama bhIru AcAryoM para kaTAkSa kiyA tathA AgamoM meM upalabdha asaMgatiyoM kA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai|2 paravatI prabandhoM meM unakI kRti sanmatisUtra kA ullekha nahIM hone kA spaSTa kAraNa yaha hai ki sanmatisUtra meM zve0 Agama mAnya kramavAda kA khaNDana hai isIlie zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne jAnabUjhakara usa grantha kI upekSA kI hai| madhyayugIna sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM se jur3e hue zvetAmbarAcArya yaha nahIM cAhate the ki unake sanmatisUtra kA saMgha meM vyApaka adhyayana ho| ataH jAnabUjhakara unhoMne usakI upekSA kii| paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena ko digambara siddha karane ke uddezya se yaha mata bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sanmatisatra ke kartA siddhasena, katipaya dvAtrizikAoM ke kartA siddhasena aura nyAyAvatAra ke kartA siddhasena-ye tInoM alaga-alaga vyakti haiN| 1. 'anekajanmAntarabhagnamAnaH ssaro yazodApriya yatpuraste' -paMcama dvAtriMzikA 36 2. dekhe-sanmatisUtra 2/4, 2/7, 3/46 3. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza-paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra pR0 527-528

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siddhAnta vidyAdhara aura unake sammatisUtra kI paramparA : 229 unakI dRSTi meM sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena divAkara digambara haiM-zeSa donoM zvetAmbara haiN| kintu yaha unakA durAgraha mAtra hai-ve yaha batA pAne meM pUrNataH asamartha rahe haiM ki Akhira ye donoM siddhasena kauna haiM ? siddhasena ke jina granthoM meM digambara mAnyatA kA poSaNa nahIM hotA ho, unheM anya kisI siddhasena ko kRti kahakara chuTakArA pA lenA ucita naha kahA jA sakatA hai| unheM yaha batAnA cAhie ki Akhira ye dvAtriMzikAyeM kauna se siddhasena ko kRti haiM aura kyoM inheM anya siddhasena kI kRti mAnA jAnA cAhie ? mAtra zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hone se unheM siddhasena kI kRti hone se nakAra denA to yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| yaha to tabhI saMbhava hai jaba anya suspaSTa AdhAroM para yaha siddha ho cukA ho ki sanmatisUtra ke kartA siddhasena digambara haiN| inake viparIta pratibhA samAnatA ke AdhAra para paM0 sukhalAla jI unheM sanmati sUtrakAra siddhasena kI hI kRtiyA~ mAnate haiM / ' zvetAmbara paramparA meM siddhasena divAkara, siddhasenagaNi aura siddharSi kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu inameM siddhasena divAkara ko ho sanmati sUtra, stutiyoM (dvAtriMzikAoM) aura nyAyAvatAra kA kartA mAnA gayA haiM / siddhasenagaNi tattvArthAdhigama bhASya kI vRtti ke kartA haiM aura siddharSi-siddhasena ke grantha nyAyAvatAra ke TIkAkAra haiM / siddhasenagaNi ora siddharSi ko kahIM bhI dvAtrizikAoM aura nyAyAvatAra kA kartA nahIM kahA gayA hai| punaH Aja taka eka bhI aisA pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai ki kisI bhI yApanIya yA digambara AcArya ke dvArA mahArASTrI prAkRta meM koI grantha likhA gayA ho / yApanIya aura digambara AcAryoM ne jo kucha bhI prAkRta meM likhA hai vaha saba zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI likhA hai, jabaki prastuta sanmatisUtra spaSTataH mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai| sanmatisUtra kA mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhA jAnA hI isa bAta kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai ki siddhasena yApanIya yA digambara nahIM haiN| ve yA to zvetAmbara haiM yA phira uttarabhArata kI usa nirgrantha dhArA ke sadasya hai, jisase zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM vikasita hae haiN| kiMtu ve digamvara to kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM hai| siddhasena kA sanmatisUtra eka dArzanika grantha hai aura usa kAla taka strI-makti aura kevalI-bhukti jaise prazna utpanna hI nahIM hae the| ataH sanmatisatra meM na to inakA samarthana hai aura na khaNDana ho| ina 1. sanmatiprakaraNa-saM0 paM0 sukhalAlajI evaM becaradAsa jo jJAnodaya TrasTa __ ahamadAbAda pR0 36-37

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230 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM kI anupasthiti se hama unake zvetAmbara yA digambara hone ke sambandha meM koI bhI niSkarSa nahIM nikAla sakate haiN| kyoMki yaha eka niSedhAtmaka tarka hogA aura isakA upayoga donoM hI pakSa. apane mantavya kI siddhi ke lie kara sakate haiN| siddhasena ke sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa karane meM unakA samaya eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana ho sakatA hai ataH aba hama usa para vicAra kreNge| siddhasena ke kAla ke AdhAra para unake sampradAya kA nirdhAraNa : siddhasena kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa karane meM unakA kAla eka mahattvapUrNa AdhAra ho sakatA hai| unake kAla ke sambandha meM paM0 sukhalAla jI ne vistRta carcA kI hai, hama to yahA~ kevala saMkSipta carcA kareMge / prabhAvakacarita meM siddhasena kI guru paramparA kI vistRta carcA huI hai| usake anusAra siddhasena Arya skandila ke praziSya aura vRddhavAdI ke ziSya the| Arya skandila ko mAthurI vAcanA kA praNetA mAnA jAtA hai / yaha vAcanA vIra nirvANa 840 meM huI thii| isa dRSTi se Arya skandila kA samaya vikrama kI caturtha zatAbdI ke uttarArdha ke lagabhaga AtA hai| kabhI-kabhI praziSya apane praguru ke samakAlika bhI hotA hai, isa dRSTi se siddhasena divAkara kA kAla bhI vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdI kA uttarArgha mAnA jA sakatA hai| prabaMdhoM meM siddhasena ko vikramAditya kA samakAlIna mAnA gayA hai| ina kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai yA candragupta dvitIya ko vikramAditya mAnane para bhI siddhasena caturtha zatI ke haiN| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki unakI sabhA meM kAlIdAsa, kSapaNaka Adi nau ratna the| yadi kSapaNaka siddhasena hI the to isa dRSTi se bhI siddhasena kA kAla vikrama kI caturtha zatAbdI kA uttarArdha mAnA jA sakatA haiM, kyoMki candragupta dvitIya kA kAla bhI vikrama kI caturtha zatAbdI kA uttarArdha siddha hotA hai / punaH mallavAdI ne siddhasena divAkara ke sanmati tarka para TIkA likhI thI, aisA nirdeza AcArya haribhadra ne kiyA hai| prabandhoM meM mallavAdo kA kAla vIra nirvANa saMvat 884 ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM meM sanmatisUtra para TIkA likhI jA cukI thii| ataH siddhasena vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM hae hoNge| punaH vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM pUjyapAda devanandI ne jainendra vyAkaraNa meM siddhasena ke 1. dekheM-sanmati prakaraNa-sampAdaka, paM0 sukhalAla jI saMdhavI, jJAnodaya TrasTa ahamadAbAda, prastAvanA pR0 6 se 16 /

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siddhAnta vidyAdhara aura unake sammatisUtra kI paramparA : 231 mata kA ullekha kiyA hai / pUjyapAda devanandI kA kAla vikrama kI pA~cavIMchaThIM zatI mAnA gayA hai| isase bhI ve vikrama saMvat kI chaThIM zatAbdI ke pUrva hue, yaha to sunizcita ho jAtA hai / mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM do abhilekha aise haiM, jinameM Arya vRddhahasti kA ullekha hai / saMyoga se ina donoM abhilekhoM meM kAla bhI diyA huA hai / ye abhilekha huviSka ke kAla ke haiM / inameM prathama meM varSa 60 kA aura dvitIya meM varSa 79 kA ullekha haiM / yadi hama ise zaka saMvat mAneM to tadanusAra dUsare abhilekha kA kAla lagabhaga vikrama saMvat 215 hogA / ye lekha unakI yuvAvasthA ke hoM to AcArya vRddhahasti kA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArdhaM taka mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se siddhasena kA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke bIca mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa samagra carcA se itanA nizcita hotA hai ki siddhasena divAkara ke kAla kI sImA rekhA vikrama saMvat kI tRtIya zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se lekara vikrama saMvat kI paMcama zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke vIca hI kahIM nizcita hogI / paM0 sukhalAla jI, paM0 becaradAsa jI ne unakA kAla caturtha paMcama zatAbdI nizcita kiyA hai / pro0 DhAkI ne bhI unheM pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM mAnA hai, kintu isa mAnyatA ko uparyukta abhilekhoM ke Aloka meM tathA candragupta dvitIya se samakAlikatA kI dRSTi se thor3A pIche lAyA jA sakatA hai / yadi Arya vRddhahasti hI vRddhavAdI haiM aura siddhasena unake ziSya haiM to siddhasena kA kAla vikrama kI tRtIya zatI ke uttarArdha se caturtha zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke bIca hI mAnanA hogA / kucha prabandhoM se unheM Arya dharma kA ziSya bhI kahA gayA hai / Arya dharma kA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM hai / ve Arya vRddha ke bAda tIsare krama para ullekhita hai / isI sthavirAvalI meM eka Arya dharma devadhigaNikSamAzramaNa ke pUrva bhI ullekhita haiM / yadi hama siddhasena ke sanmati prakaraNa aura tattvArthasUtra kI tulanA kareM to donoM meM kucha samAnatA parilakSita hotI hai / vizeSa rUpa se tattvArtha sUtra meM anekAnta dRSTi ko vyAkhyAyita karane ke lie arpita aura anarpita jaise zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / ina zabdoM kA prayoga sanmatitarka ( 1 / 42 ) meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / merI dRSTi meM siddhasena umAsvAti se kiMcit paravartI ho sakate haiM / isa carcA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki siddhasena vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdI meM hI hue haiN| yadi hama sAmpradAyika vibheda ke kAla

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232 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kI dRSTi se isa para vicAra kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki isa kAla meM uttara bhArata meM AcAra aura vicAra ke kSetra meM jaina saMgha meM vibhinna mAnyatAe~ janma le cukI thIM, kintu abhI sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa hokara zvetAmbara, digambara, yApanIya Adi rUpoM meM nahIM ho pAyA thA / vaha yuga thA jaba jaina paramparA meM tArkika cintana prArambha ho cukA thA aura dhArmika evaM Agamika mAnyatAoM ko tArkika rUpa pradAna kiyA jA rahA thA aura yadi tarka aura Agamika mAnyatAoM meM koI antara hotA thA to tarka ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI thI / siddhasena kA Agamika mAnyatAoM ko tArkikatA pradAna karane kA prayatna bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| phira bhI usa yuga meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya aise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A pAye the / zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya sampradAya ke sambandha meM spaSTa nAma nirdeza ke sAtha jo sarvaprathama ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, ve lagabhaga I0 san 475 tadanusAra vikrama saM0 532 ke lagabhaga arthAt vikrama kI chaThIM zatAbdI pUrvArdha ke haiM / ataH kAla ke AdhAra para siddhasena ko kisI sampradAya vizeSa se nahIM jor3A jA sakatA kyoMki usa yuga taka na to sampradAyoM kA nAmakaraNa huA thA aura na ho ve astitva meM Aye the / mAtra gaNa, kula, zAkhA Adi kA hI pracalana thA aura yaha spaSTa hai ki siddhasena vidyAdhara zAkhA ( kula ) ke the / kyA siddhasena yApanIya haiM ? pro0 0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne siddhasena divAkara ke yApanIya hone ke sandarbha meM jo tarka diye haiM, yahA~ unakI samokSA kara lenA bho aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA / (1) sarvaprathama unakA tarka yaha hai ki siddhasena divAkara ke lie AcArya haribhadra ne zrutakevalI vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai aura zrutakevalI yApanIya AcAryo kA vizeSaNa rahA hai / ataH siddhasena yApanIya haiM / isa sandarbha meM hamArA kahanA yaha hai ki zrutakevalI vizeSaNa na kevala yApanIya paramparA ke AcAryoM kA apitu zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna AcAryoM kA bhI vizeSaNa rahA hai | yadi zrutakevalo vizeSaNa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI paramparAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai to phira yaha nirNaya kara lenA ki siddhasena yApanIya haiM ucita nahIM hogA / 1. Siddhasena's Nyayavatar and other works.-A. N. upadhye-Introductiou-P. xiii to zviii

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siddhAnta vidyAdhara aura unake samyatisUtra kI paramparA : 233 (2) AdaraNIya upAdhye jI kA dUsarA tarka yaha hai ki sanmati sUtra kA zvetAmbara AgamoM se kucha bAtoM meM virodha hai| upAdhye jI ke isa kathana meM itanI satyatA avazya hai ki sanmatisUtra ko abhedavAdI mAnyatA kA zvetAmbara AgAmoM se virodha hai| merI dRSTi se yahI eka aisA kAraNa rahA hai ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne apane prabandhoM meM unake sanmati tarka kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| lekina mAtra isase ne na to Agama virodhI siddha hote haiM aura na yApanoya hii| sarvaprathama to zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne unhe apanI paramparA kA mAnate hue hI unake isa virodha kA nirdeza kiyA hai kabhI unheM bhinna paramparA kA nahIM kahA hai| dUsare yadi hama sanmatisUtra ko dekheM to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve AgamoM ke AdhAra para hI apane mata kI puSTi karate the| unhoMne Agama mAnyatA ke antavirodha ko spaSTa karate hue yaha siddha kiyA hai ki abhedavAda bhI Agamika dhAraNA ke anukUla hai| ve spaSTarUpa se kahate haiM ki Agama ke anusAra kevalajJAna sAdi aura ananta hai, to phira kramavAda sambhava nahIM hotA hai kyoMki kevalajJAnopayoga samApta hone para hI kevala darzanopayoga ho sakatA hai| ve likhate haiM ki sUtra kI AzAtanA se Darane vAle ko isa Agama vacana para bhI vicAra karanA caahie| vastutaH abhedavAda ke mAdhyama se ve, unheM Agana meM jo antavirodha parilakSita ho rahA thA, usakA hI samAdhAna kara rahe the| ve AgamoM kI tAkika asaMgatiyoM ko dUra karanA cAhate the aura unakA yaha abhedavAda bhI usI Agamika mAnyatA ko tArkika niSpatti hai, jisake anusAra kevalajJAna sAdi kintu ananta hai| ve yahI siddha karate haiM ki kramavAda bhI Agamika mAnyatA ke virodha meM hai| (3) pro0 upAdhye jI kA yaha kathana satya hai ki siddhasena divAkara kA kevalI ke jJAna aura darzana ke abhedavAda kA siddhAnta digambara paramparA ke yugapadvAda ke adhika samIpa hai| hameM yaha mAnane meM bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai ki siddhasena ke abhedavAda kA janma kramavAda aura yugapadvAda ke antavirodha ko dUra karane hetu ho haA hai kintu yadi siddhasena divAkara digambara yA yApanoya hote to unheM sIdhe rUpa se yugapadvAda ke siddhAnta 1. suttAsAyaNabhIrUhi taM ca daTThavvayaM hoI / saMtammi kevale dasaNammi NANassa saMbhavo Nasthi / / sutammi ceva sAI-apajjavasiyaM ti kevalaM vRttaM / kevalaNANammi ya daMsagassa tamhA saNiNAI // -sanmati-prakaraNa, 2/7-8

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234 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ko mAnya kara lenA thA, abhedavAda ke sthApana kI kyA AvazyakatA thI? vastutaH abhedavAda ke mAdhyama se ve eka ora kevalajJAna ke sAdi-ananta hone ke Agamika vacana kI tArkika siddhi karanA cAhate the, vahIM dUsarI ora kramavAda aura yugapadvAda kI virodhI avadhAraNAoM kA samanvaya bhI karanA cAhate the / unakA kramavAda aura yugapadvAda ke bIca samanvaya kA yaha prayatna spaSTa rUpa se yaha sUcita karatA hai ki ve digambara yA yApanIya nahIM the / yahA~ yaha prazna uThAyA jA sakatA haiM ki yadi siddhasena ne kramavAda kI zvetAmbara aura yugapadvAda kI digambara mAnyatAoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai, to uttakA kAla sampradAyoM ke astitva ke bAda honA cAhie / isa sambandha meM hama yaha spaSTa kara denA cAhate haiM ki ina vibhinna mAnyatAoM kA vikAsa pahale haA hai aura bAda meM sAmpradAyika dhra vIkaraNa kI prakriyA meM kisI sampradAya vizeSa ne kisI mAnyatA vizeSa ko apanAyA hai| pahale mAnyatAe~ astittva meM AyIM aura bAda meM sampradAya bane / yugapadvAda bhI mUla bhI meM digambara mAnyatA nahIM hai, yaha bAta alaga hai ki bAda meM digambara paramparA ne use mAnya rakhA hai| yugapadvAda kA sarvaprathama nirdeza zvetAmbara kahe jAne vAle umAsvAti ke tattvArthadhigama bhASya meM hai / siddhasana ke samakSa kramavAda aura yugapadvAda donoM upasthita the / caki zvetAmbaroM ne Agama mAnya kie the isalie unhoMne Agamika kramavAda ko mAnya kiyaa| digambaroM ko Agama mAnya nahIM the ataH unhoMne tArkika yugapadvAda ko prazraya diyaa| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki kramavAda evaM yugapadvAda ko ye mAnyatAe~ sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa ke pUrva ko hai isa prakAra yugapadvAda aura abhedavAda ko nikaTatA ke AdhAra para siddhasena ko kisI sampradAya vizeSa kA siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| anyathA phira to tattvArthabhASyakAra ko bhI digambara mAnanA hogA, kintu koI bhI tattvArthabhASya ko sAmagrI ke AdhAra para use digambara mAnane ko sahamata nahIM hogaa| (4) punaH AdaraNIya upAdhye jI kA yaha kahanA ki eka dvAtriMzikA meM mahAvIra ke vivAhita hone kA saMketa cAhe siddhasena divAkara ko digambara ghoSita nahIM karatA ho, kintu unheM yApanIya mAnane meM isase 1. sambhinna jJAnadarzanasya tu bhagavataH kevalino yugapat sarvabhAva grAhake nirapekSe kevalajJAne kevaladarzane cAnusamayamupayogo bhavati / -tattvArthabhASya 1/31

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siddhAnta vidyAdhara aura unake sammatisUtra kI paramparA : 235.. bAdhA nahIM AtI hai, kyoMki yApanIyoM ko bhI kalpasUtra to mAnya thA ho / kintu kalpasUtra ko mAnya karane ke kAraNa ve zvetAmbara bhI to mAne jA sakate haiN| ataH yaha tarka unake yApanIya hone kA sabala tarka nahIM hai| kalpasUtra zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ke pUrva kA grantha hai aura donoM ko mAnya haiM / ataH kalpasUtra ko mAnya karane se ve donoM ke pUrvaja bhI siddha hote haiN| AcArya siddhasena ke kula aura vaMza sambandhI vivaraNa bhI unakI paramparA nirdhAraNa meM sahayogI siddha ho sakate haiN| prabhAvakacaritra aura prabandhakoza meM unheM vidyAdhara gaccha kA batAyA gayA hai| ataH hameM sarvaprathama isI sambandha meM vicAra karanA hogaa| digambara aura yApanoyoM meM vidyAdhara gaccha hone kI koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai| digambara paramparA ne sena nAmAnta ke kAraNa unako senasaMgha kA mAna liyA hai / yadyapi yApanIya aura digambara granthoM meM jahA~ unakA ullekha huA hai vahA~ unake gaNa yA saMgha kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| kalpasatra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra Arya susthita ke pA~ca pramukha ziSyoM meM sthavira vidyAdharagopAla eka pramukha ziSya the| unhIM se vidyAdhara zAkhA niklii|' yaha vidyAdhara zAkhA koTika gaNa kI eka zAkhA thii| hamArI dRSTi meM Arya siddhasena iso vidyAdhara zAkhA meM hue haiN| paravartI kAla meM gaccha nAma pracalita hone ke kAraNa hI prabandhoM meM ise vidyAdhara gaccha kahA gayA hai| kalpasatra sthivirAvalI meM siddhasena ke guru Arya vRddha kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / isa AdhAra para yadi hama vicAra kareM to Arya vRddha kA kAla devardhigaNi se cAra pIr3hI pUrva hone ke kAraNa unase lagabhaga 120 varSa pUrva rahA hogA arthAt ve vIra nirvANa samvat 860 meM hae hoNge| isa AdhAra para unakI Arya skaMdila se nikaTatA bhI siddha ho jAto hai, kyoMki mAthurI vAcanA kA kAla vIra nirvANa saM0 840 mAnA jAtA hai isa prakAra unakA kAla vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdo nirdhArita hotA hai / mero daSTi meM saMbhAva / yahI hai ki AcArya siddhasena inhIM Arya vRddha ke ziSya rahe hoMge / abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para Arya vRddha koTika gaNa kI vrajI zAkhA ke the| vidyAdhara zAkhA bhI isI koTika gaNa kI eka zAkhA thI / gaNa kI dRSTi se to Arya vaddha aura siddhasena eka hI gaNa ke siddha hote haiM, kintu zAkhA kA antara avazya vicAraNIya hai| sambhavataH Arya vRddha siddhasena ke vidyAguru hoM, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki AcArya siddhasena kA sambandha usI koTika 1. kalpasUtra

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- 236 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya gaNa se hai jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI paramparAoM kA pUrvaja haiM / jJAtavya hai ki umAsvAti bhI isI koTika gaNa kI uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue the / punaH kalpasUtra sthivirAvalI meM Arya vRddha ke pUrva Arya bhadrakA ullekha huA hai / yadi ye Arya bhadra varAhamihara ke bhAI bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) haiM to isase bhI jahA~ eka ora siddhasena kI candragupta vikramAditya se samakAlikatA siddha hojAtI hai vahIM unakA kAla bhI nizcita ho jAtA hai / hama cAhe unake gaNa (vaMza) kI dRSTi se vicAra kare yA kAla kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM siddhasena digambara, zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya paramparAoM ke astitva meM Ane ke pUrva hI ho cuke the / ve uttara bhArata kI nigrantha dhArA meM hue haiM jo Age calakara zvetAmbara aura yApanIya ke rUpa meM vibhAjita huI / yApanIya paramparA ke granthoM meM siddhasena kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha unheM apanI pUrvaja dhArA ke eka vidvAna AcArya hone ke kAraNa hI hai / vastutaH siddhasena ko zvetAmbara yA yApanIya siddha karane ke prayatna isalie nirarthaka hai ki pUrvaja dhArA meM hone ke kAraNa kvacit matabhedoM ke hote hue bhI ve -donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se grAhya rahe haiM / zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ko yaha adhikAra hai ki ve unheM apanI paramparA ko batAe~ kintu unheM sAmpradAyika artha meM zvetAmbara yA yApanIya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / ve donoM ke hI pUrvaja hai (7) pro0 e0ena0 upAdhye ne unheM karnATakIya brAhmaNa batAkara karnATaka yApanIya paramparA kA prabhAva hone se unako yApanIya paramparA se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai / kintu uttara-pazcima karNATaka meM upalabdha pA~cavI, chaThIM zatAbdI ke abhilekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki uttara bhArata ke zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha kA bhI usa kSetra meM utanA hI mAna thA jitanA nirgrantha saMgha aura yApanIyoM kA thA / uttara bhArata ke ye AcArya bhI uttara karnATaka taka kI yAtrAyeM karate the / siddhasena yadi dakSiNa bhAratIya brAhmaNa hogeM to isase yaha phalita nahIM hotA hai ki ve yApanIya the / uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA, jisase zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kA vikAsa huA hai, kA bhI bihAra dakSiNa meM pratiSThAnapura arthAt uttara pazcimI karnATaka taka nirbAdha rUpa se hotA rahA hai / ataH siddhasena kA karnATakIya brAhmaNa honA kA unake yApanIya hone kA prabala pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / merI dRSTi meM itanA mAnanA hI paryApta hai ki siddhasena koTika gaNa kI usa vidyAdhara zAkhA meM hue the jo ki zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja hai /

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siddhAnta vidyAdhara aura unake sammatisUtra kI paramparA : 237 (8) punaH kunda-kunda ke granthoM aura vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra kI jo sanmatisUtra se nikaTatA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha nahIM hai ki siddhasena dakSiNa bhArata ke vaTTakera yA kunda-kunda se prabhAvita haiM / apitu sthiti isake ThIka viparIta hai| vaTakera aura kunda-kunda donoM hI ne prAcIna Agamika dhArA aura siddhasena kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| kunda-kunda ke granthoM meM basa-sthAvara kA vargIkaraNa, caturvidha mokSa mArga kI kalpanA Adi para Agamika dhArA kA prabhAva spaSTa hai cAheM yaha yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI una taka pahuMcA ho / mUlAcAra kA to nirmANa hI Agamika dhArA ke niyukti aura prakIrNaka sAhitya ke AdhAra para huA hai| usa para siddhasena kA prabhAva honA bhI asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| AcArya jaTila ke varAMga carita meM bhI sanmati kI aneka gAthAe~ apane saMskRta rupAntara meM prastuta hai| yaha saba isI bAta kA pramANa hai ye sabhI apane pUrvavartI AcArya siddhasena se prabhAvita hai| pro0 upAdhyejI kA yaha mAnanA, ki mahAvIra kA sanmatinAma karnATaka meM ati prasiddha hai aura siddhasena ne isI AdhAra para apane grantha kA nAma sanmati diyA hogA, ataH siddhasena yApanIya hai, mujhe samucita nahIM lagatA hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhI mahAvIra ke sanmati vizeSaNa kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise sanmati se yukta hone se ve zramaNa kahe ge| isa prakAra pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne siddhasena ke yApanIya hone ke jo-jo pramANa diye haiM ve sabala pratIta nahIM hote haiN| suzrI kusuma paToriyA ne jugala kizora mukhtAra evaM pro0 upAdhye ke tarkoM ke sAtha-sAtha siddhasena ko yApanIya siddha karane ke lie apane bhI kucha tarka prastuta kiye haiN| ve likhatI haiM ki sanmatisUtra kA zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI AdarapUrvaka ullekha hai| jItakalpa carNi meM sanmatisUtra ko siddhivinizcaya ke samAna prabhAvaka grantha kahA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM siddhivinizcaya ko zivasvAmi ko kRti kahA gayA hai| zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM bhI zivArya ke siddhivinizcaya kA ullekha hai / yadi eka kSaNa ke lie mAna bhI liyA jAye ki ye zivasvAmi bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya ho hai to bhI isase itanA hI phalita hogA ki kucha yApanIya kRtiyA~ zvetAmbaroM ko mAnya thI, kintu isase sanmatisUtra kA yApanIyatva siddha nahIM hotA hai| punaH sanmatisUtra meM arddhamAgadhI Agama ke uddharaNa bhI yahI siddha karate haiM ki ve usa Agamika paramparA ke anusaraNakartA haiM jisake uttarAdhikArI zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya donoM haiM / yaha bAta hama pUrva meM hI pratipAdita kara cuke haiM ki AgamoM ke antavirodha ko dUra karane ke lie hI unhoMne

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- 238 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya apane abhedavAda kI sthApanA kI thI / suzrI kusuma paToriyA ne vistAra se sanmatisUtra meM unake Agamika anusaraNa kI carcA kI hai| yahA~ hama usa vistAra meM na jAkara kevala itanA hI kahanA paryApta samajhate haiM ki siddhasena usa Agamika dhArA meM hI hue haiM jisakA anusaraNa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ne kiyA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki donoM hI unheM apanI-apanI paramparA kA kahate haiM / Age ve puna: yaha spaSTa karatI hai ki guNa aura paryAya ke sandarbha meM bhI unhoMne AgAmoM kA spaSTa anusaraNa kiyA hai aura pramANarUpa meM Agama vacana uddhRta kiye haiM / yaha bhI unheM Agamika dhArA kA hI siddha karatA hai | zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM dhArAyeM ardhamAgadhI Agama ko pramANa mAtI haiM / siddhasena ke sammukha jo Agama the ve devaddha vAcanA ke na hokara mAthurI vAcanA ke rahe hoMge kyoMki devaddha nizcita hI siddhasena se paravartI haiM / suzrI paToriyA ne madanUra jilA nellaura ke eka abhilekha' kA ullekha karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki koTamuDuvagaNa meM mukhya puSyArhanandi gaccha meM gaNadhara ke sadRza jinanandI munIzvara hue haiM unake ziSya pRthvI para vikhyAta kevalajJAna nidhi ke dhAraka svayaM jinendra ke sadRza divAkara nAma ke muni hue / yaha satya hai ki yaha koTimaDuvagaNa yApanoya hai kintu isa abhilekha meM ullikhita divAkara siddhasena divAkara hai, yaha kahanA kaThina hai kyoMki isameM ina divAkara ke ziSya zrImaMdira devamuni kA ullekha hai jinake dvArA adhiSThita kaTakAbharaNa nAmaka jinAlaya ko yaha dAna diyA gayA thA / yadi divAkara mandiradeva ke guru haiM to ve siddhasena divAkara na hokara anya koI divAkara haiM kyoMki isa abhilekha ke anusAra mandira - deva kA kAla IsvI san 942 arthAt vi0 saM0 1002 hai / inake guru inase 50 varSa pUrva bhI mAne jAyeM to ve dasavIM zatAbdI uttarArdha meM hI siddha hote jabaki siddhasena divAkara to kisI sthiti meM pA~cavI zatI se paravartI nahIM hai / ataH ve divAkara siddhasena divAkara nahIM ho sakate haiM / donoM ke kAla meM lagabhaga 600 varSa kA antara hai yadi isameM ullekhita divAkara ko mandiradeva kA sAkSAta guru na mAnakara paramparA guru mAneM to isase unakA yApanIya honA siddha nahIM hotA hai kyoMki paramparA guru ke rUpa meM to gautama Adi gaNadharoM evaM bhadrabAhu Adi prAcIna AcAryoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / anta meM siddha yahI hotA hai ki siddhasena divAkara yApanIya na hokara yApanIyoM aura zvetAmbaro - donoM ke pUrvaja the / 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 143

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA tattvArthasUtra jainadharma aura darzana kA saMskRta bhASA meM sUtra zailI meM nibaddha prAcInatama aura sambhavataH prathama grantha hai| jaba vibhinna darzanoM meM, apane siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana ke lie saMkSipta sUtra zailI ke grantha saMskRta bhASA meM likhe jAne lage, to usI krama meM jaina paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra kI racanA huii| yaha grantha sAMkhyasUtra, yogasUtra, nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra, brahmasUtra Adi kI zailI meM hI likhA gayA hai| aura unase prabhAvita tathA unakA samakAlIna yA kiJcit paravartI hai yaha grantha 10 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| isakA prArambhika sUtra mokSa-mArga kA pratipAdana karatA hai / isake prathama adhyAya meM paMcajJAnoM, cAranikSepoM aura sapta nayoM kA vivecana hai, dvitIya adhyAya meM jIva kA tathA tRtIya aura caturtha adhyAyoM meM kramazaH naraka aura svarga kA vivecana hai| paMcama adhyAya meM SadravyoM kA aura vizeSa rUpa se pudgala kA vivecana hai| SaSThama evaM saptama adhyAyoM meM kramaza: Azrava evaM saMvara kI carcA hai, jisakA mukhya sambandha sadAcAra aura durAcAra se hai| aSTama adhyAya bandha kI carcA ke prasaMga meM jaina karma siddhAnta kA aura navama adhyAya nirjarA ke rUpa meM tapa, dhyAna Adi kA vivecana karatA hai| anta meM dasaveM adhyAya meM mokSa kI carcA hai| isakA racanAkAla lagabhaga IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| isa grantha kI sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki ise jainadharma ke sabhI sampradAya mAnya karate haiM, yadyapi zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnya sUtra-pATha meM kvacit antara hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne ise apanIapanI paramparA meM racita siddha karane hetu aneka lekhAdi likhe haiN| maiMne una sabhI lekhoM ko, jinheM donoM paramparAoM ke paramparAgata vidvAnoM evaM kucha taTastha videzI vidvAnoM ne likhA, dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA aura una sabako dekhane ke pazcAt maiM isa nirNaya para pahu~cA hU~ ki tattvArthasUtra usa yuga kI racanA hai, jaba jaina paramparA meM aneka praznoM para saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika matabheda ubharakara sAmane Ane lage the aura jaina saMgha vibhinna gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| kintu ina matabhedoM evaM gaNabhedoM ke hote hue bhI taba taka jaina saMgha zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita nahIM huA thaa| merI dRSTi meM tattvArtha

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240 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sUtra kI racanA uttara bhArata kI usa nirgrantha paramparA meM huI, jo usakI racanA ke pazcAt eka-do zatAbdiyoM meM hI sacela acela aise do bhAgoM meM spaSTa rUpa se vibhakta ho gaI jo kramazaH zvetAmbara aura yApanIya ( boTika ) ke nAma se jAnI jAne lagI / jahA~ taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai, unheM yaha grantha uttara bhArata kI acela paramparA, jise yApanIya kahA jAtA hai, se hI prApta huA / jahA~ taka isa grantha ke AdhArabhUta sAhitya kA prazna hai, isakA AdhAra na to SaTkhaNDAgama aura kasAyapAhur3a Adi yApanIya grantha hai aura na hI kundakunda ke digambara paramparA ke grantha hai | zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya valabhI vAcanA ke jo Agama vartamAna meM pracalita haiM ve bhI isakA AdhAra nahIM mAne jA sakate kyoMki yaha vAcanA umAsvAti ke pazcAt lagabhaga IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM huI hai / Arya skandila ko adhyakSatA meM huI mAthurI vAcanA ke Agama isakA AdhAra hai aisA bhI nirvivAda rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki eka to yaha vAcanA bhI umAsvAti ke kiJcit pazcAt IsA kI cauthI zatI meM hI huI hai / dUsare isake Agama Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki isa grantha kI racanA ke AdhAra uccairnAgara zAkhA meM pracalita phalgumitra ke kAla ke Agama grantha rahe ho / yadyapi itanA nizcita hai ki ye Agama vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM se bahuta bhinna nahIM the / phira bhI kvacit pATha bhedoM kA honA asambhava nahIM hai / Age hama inhIM praznoM para thor3I gaharAI se carcA kareMge aura yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA kI vAstavika paramparA kyA hai ? tattvArtha sUtra ke kartA-tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJa bhASya ke kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA nAma sAmAnya rUpa se sarvamAnya hai kintu paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI ne usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti ke sthAna para guddhapicchAcArya ko svIkAra kiyA / ve isa bAta para bhI bala dete haiM ki digambara paramparA meM jo tattvArtha ke karttA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA ullekha milatA hai vaha paravartI hai unake zabdoM meM vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArthAdhigama kI racanA kI thI kintu yaha nAma tattvArthasUtra kA na hokara tattvArtha ke bhASya kA hai' / paM0 phUlacanda jI ne isa sambandha meM tIna pramANa prastuta kiye hai| prathama pramANa yaha hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kI ghavala / 1. sarvArthasiddhi paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI - bhAratIya jJAnapITha - kAzI, prastAvanA pR0 64

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 241 TIkA meM vIrasena (9 vIM zatI uttarArdha) ne jIvasyAna ke kAla anugoga dvAra meM tattvArthasUtrakAra ke nAma ke ullekhapUrvaka tattvArthasUtra kA eka sUtra uddhRta kiyA hai-"tahagiddhapichAiriyAppayAsida taccatthasuttevi vartanApariNAma kriyAH paratvAparatve ca kAlasya' (dhavalATIkA samanvita SaTkhaNDAgama saM0 hIrAlAla); dUsare vidyAnanda (9 vIM zatI uttarArdha) ne bhI tattvArthazlokavArtika meM "etena gRddhapicchAcAryaparyantamunisUtreNa vyabhicAratA nirastA ( tattvArthazlokavArtika, nirNayasAgarapresa pR0 6) ke rUpa meM tatvArthasUtra ke kartA ko gRddhapicchAcArya mAnA hai| tIsare vAdirAjasUri ne pArzvanAthacaritameM 'gRddhapicchaM nato'smi' kahakara gRddhapicchAcArya kA ullekha kiyA hai| inameM do pramANa navIM zatI ke uttarArdha evaM eka pramANa gyArahavIM zatI kA hai| jabaki tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM digambara paramparA meM umAsvAti ke nAma ke jo ullekha milate haiM ve saba vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI pUrva ke nahIM hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki 11 vIM zatAbdI taka jaina paramparA meM tattvArtha ke kartA gRdhrapiccha the aisI mAnyatA thii|" punaH paM0 phUlacandajI kI dRSTi meM tattvArthasUtra mUla ke racanAkAra gRdhrapiccha aura tattvArthabhASya ke racanAkAra umAsvAti haiM / ina donoM nAmoM ke ghAlamela se tattvArtha ke kartA gRdhrapiccha umAsvAti hai aisI dhAraNA bnii| kintu digambara paramparA ke hI zilAlekhoM meM gadhrapiccha ko umAsvAti kA vizeSaNa mAnA gayA hai zilAlekha kra0 108 aura 155 se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai / ' gadhrapiccha kabhI bhI kisI AcArya kA nAma nahIM ho sakatA hai vaha to vizeSaNa hI rhegaa| vastutaH tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti hI hai aura gRdhrapiccha unakA vizeSaNa hai-isa bAta ko digambara 1. (a) abhUdumAsvAtimuniH pavitre vaze tadIye sakalArthavedI / sUtrIkRtaM yena jinapraNItaM zAstrArthajAtaM munipuMgavena / / sa prANisaMrakSaNasAvadhAno babhAra yogI kila gRdhrapakSAn / tadA prabhRtyeva budhA yamAhurAcAryazabdottara gRdhrapiccham // (ba) zrImAnumAsvAtirayaM yatIzastattvArthasUtraM prakaTIcakAra / yanmuktimArgAcaraNodyatAnAM pAtheyamayaM bhavati prajAnAm // tasyaiva ziSyo'jani gRnapiccha dvitIya saMjJasya balAkapicchaH / yatsUktiratnAni bhavanti loke muktyaMganAmohanamaNDanAni // -sarvArthasiddhiH bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, prastAvanA pR0 63 /

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242 : janadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya vidvAna paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra bhI svIkAra karate hai' isa sambandha meM digambara paramparA meM supracalita nimna zloka bhI uddhata karate haiM tattvArthasUtrakartAraM gRdhrapicchopalakSitam / vande gaNIndrasaMjAtamumAsvAti munIzvaram / / digambara paramparA ke hI dUsare taTasthavidvAna paM0 nAthurAmajI premI bhI tattvArthabhASya ko svopajJamAnakara usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti ko hI svIkAra karate hai| paM0 phUlacandajI kevala isI bhaya se ki tattvArtha ke kartA umAsvAti ko svIkAra karane para kahIM bhASya ko svopajJa nahIM mAnanA par3e, usake kartA ke rUpa meM gRdhrapicchAcArya kA ullekha karate hai| kintu tattvArthasUtra ke kartA gRdhrapiccha hai, yaha ullekha bhI to 9 vIM zatI ke uttarArdha ke haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki prAcIna kAla meM granthakartA mUlagrantha meM apane ko kartA ke rUpa meM ullekhita na karake jinavANI ke prati apanA vinaya pradarzita karate rahe hoN| kintu pUjyapAda devanandI aura bhaTTa akalaMka to tattvArtha ke TIkAkAra hai-unako kartA kA ullekha karane meM kyA Apatti thI ? punaH usa kAla taka grantha ke Adi meM pUrvaja AcAryoM kA smaraNa karane kI paramparA bhI pracalita ho gaI thii| phira digambara paramparA kI prAcIna TIkAoM meM unake nAma kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA? isakA eka mAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki ve unheM apanI paramparA kA nahIM mAnate the| yahI sthiti vimalasUri ke sambandha meM bhI raho, padmacarita aura paumacariu meM unake grantha 'paumacariyaM' kA anusaraNa karake bhI digambara evaM yApanIya AcAryoM ne unake nAma kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| mAtra siddhasena hI isake apavAda haiN| ___ jahA~ digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM 9 vIM zatI ke uttarArdha se gRdhrapicchAcArya ke aura 13 vIM zatI se gRdhrapiccha umAsvAti aise ullekha milate haiM, vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArthabhASya (3rI-4 thI zatI ) tathA siddhasenagaNi (7 vIM zatI ) aura haribhadra ( 8 vIM zatI) kI prAcIna TIkAoM meM bhI usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM unake vAcakavaMza aura uccanAgarI zAkhA kA bhI ullekha hai| jinheM zvetAmbara paramparA apanI mAnatI rahI hai| 1. dekheM-jainasAhitya ke aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra-pR0 202 se 108 taka

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 243 umAsvAti kA gRdhrapiccha vizeSaNa sambhavataH yApanIya paramparA se AyA hogaa| yaha satya hai ki dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM uttara bhArata kI savastraparamparA meM bhI pakSiyoM ke paMkhoM se nirmita picchI kA pracalana thA, yaha tathya mathurA kI AcAryoM evaM muniyoM kI savastra pratimAoM se siddha hotA hai aura sambhava hai ki umAsvAti gRdhra ke paMkho se nirmita picchI rakhate ho aura isa kAraNa unakA eka vizeSaNa gRdhrapiccha bana gayA ho| cU~ ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM unakA vAcaka vizeSaNa pracalita rahA, ataH unhoMne gadhra'piccha vizeSaNa na apanAyA ho / yadi paM0 phUlacandajI, ullekhoM kI prAcInatA ke AdhAra para umAsvAti nAma asvIkAra kara gRdhrapiccha nAma apanAte hai, to phira unheM yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki gRdhrapiccha nAma (vi0 9 vIM zatI utarArdha) kI apekSA bhI umAsvAti nAma kA ullekha prAcIna hai, kyoMki yaha nAma bhASya se to milatA hI hai-bhASya ke kAla ko ve cAhe kitanA hI nIce lAye, use zlokavArtika aura dhavalA TIkA-jinameM gadhraH piccha nAma AyA hai, se to prAcIna mAnanA hogA kyoMki dhavalA meM tattvArthabhASya kA spaSTa ullekha hai| punaH jaba vidyAnandI apane grantha AptaparIkSA kI svopajJa vRti meM 'tattvArthasUtrakArairumAsvAtiprabhRtibhiH' ( zloka 119 ) kahakara umAsvAti ko tatvArthasUtra kA kartA mAna rahe hai-phira paM0 phUlacanda jI yaha kathana kisa AdhAra para karate haiM ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti nahIM kiMtu gRdhrapiccha hai ? punaH gRdhrapiccha aura umAsvAti abhinna hai yA bhinna bhinna vyakti hai, isa prazna paM0 sukhalAlajI ne apanI bhUmikA (pR078)meM vistAra se carcA kI hai / hama usa saba carcA meM utaranA nahIM cAhate haiM-icchaka vyakti usa bhUmikA ko dekha le / jahA~ paM0 sukhalAla jo unheM bhinna-bhinna vyakti mAna rahe hai, vahA~ paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra unheM abhinna mAna rahe hai / jahA~ unameM bhinnatA mAnakara paM0 sukhalAlajI yaha siddha karane ko prayatna kara rahe hai ki umAsvAti zvetAmbara hai aura gRdhrapiccha unakA vizeSaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki piccha dhAraNa kI paramparA zvetAmbara nahIM hai| vahI jugalakizorajo mukhtAra unheM abhinna siddhakara yaha batAnA cAhate haiM ki gRdhrapiccha vizeSaNa se ve digambara siddha hote haiM, kyoMki mayarapiccha, gadhrapiccha, balAkapiccha dhAraNa kI paramparA digambara hai| isa sambandha meM merA daSTikoNa bhinna hai, mathurA kI sacela muni-pratimAoM se yaha siddha hotA ki prAcInakAla meM piccha dhAraNa kI paramparA sacelapakSa meM bhI rahI hai| ataH umAsvAti kA gRdhrapiccha vizeSaNa svIkAra kara lene para bhI unako zvetAmbara paramparA ko

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244 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya pUrvaja dhArA meM hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| isIliye umAsvAti aura gRdhrapiccha bhinnatA aura abhinnatA ke isa vivAda ko maiM yahA~ nahIM uThA rahA huuN| paM0 sukhalAlajI ko bhI yaha bhrAnti ho hai ve yaha mAne baiThe ki gRdhrapiccha, balAkapiccha, mayurapiccha Adi vizeSaNoM kI sRSTi digambara paramparA meM huI hai| prAcIna sacela dhArA meM bhI picchoMkA grahaNa hotA thA / punaH vidyAnanda ke 'tattvArthasUtrakArairumAsvAtiprabhRtibhiH' aise bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga ko dekhakara usake artha ko apane-apane DhaMga se tor3anemaror3ane ke jo prayatna paM0 phalacanda jo Adi digambara vidvAnoM ne kiye hai ve bhI ucita nahIM hai| usakA spaSTa artha itanA hI hai ki 'tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM ke raciyatA umAsvAti Adi AcArya'-yahA~ bahavacanAtmaka prayoga se lekhaka anya granthoM aura anya AcAryoM kA saMgraha karatA hai / kintu isase tattvArthasatra ke kartA umAsvAti hai-isa mAnyatA meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| yaha eka nizcita satya hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti hai, phira ve cAhe hama unheM gRdhrapiccha kaheM yA uccanAgara zAkhA ke vAcaka vaMza ke kaheM, donoM eka hI vyakti ke sUcaka hai| yaha mAnanA ki gadhrapiccha aura umAsvAti alaga-alaga vyakti hai-usI prakAra bhrAMta hai jisa prakAra yaha kahanA ki tattvArtha ke kartA to gadhrapiccha hai aura umAsvAti mAtra bhASyakAra hai| hamAre sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM ke AdhAra para itihAsa ko jhuThalAne ke ye prayatna nizcaya hI duHkhada haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke AdhArabhUta graMtha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM yaha mAnate haiM ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA Agama granthoM ke AdhAra para huI hai, kintu prazna yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke lekhaka ke lie ve AdhArabhUta Agama grantha kauna se the? isa sandarbha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| digambara paramparA ke vidvAna paM0 jagalakizorajI mukhtAra', paM0 paramAnandajI zAstrI, paM0 kailAzacandajI, DaoN0 nemicandajI evaM paM0 phUlacandajI ne 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza (paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra) pR0 125 / 2. anekAMta varSa 4 kiraNa 1-tattvArthasatra ke bIjoM kI khoja, paM0 paramAnanda shaastrii| 3. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, paM0 kailAzacandajI, caturtha adhyAya / 4. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 2, pR0 159-162 / 5. dekheM-sarvArthasiddhi paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntacArya prastAvanA pR0 13-15 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 245 isakI vistAra se carcA kI hai / digambara paramparA ke ina sabhI vidvAnoM ke anusAra umAsvAti vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa ke pazcAt hI kabhI hue haiN| kintu digambaroM ke matAnusAra usa kAla taka pUrva evaM aMgadhArI AcAryoM kI paramparA samApta ho gaI thii| umAsvAti ke sAmane aMga evaM pUrvagata Agamika sAhitya nahIM thaa| ataH digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ko yaha kalpanA karanI par3o ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra kasAyapAhuDa, SaTakhaNDAgama, tiloyapaNNati evaM kundakunda ke graMtha samayasAra, niyamasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya Adi rahe haiM / kintu isake viparIta zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAn jo aMga aura aMga bAhya AgamoM kI upasthiti ko svIkAra karate haiM, tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra aMga aura aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya ko mAnate haiN| sthAnakavAso AcArya AtmArAmajI ne 'tatvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka grantha meM tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kA AdhAra zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya ko batAte hue tattvArthasUtra ke pratyeka sUtra kI racanA kA Agamika AdhAra kyA hai ? ise AgamoM ke uddharaNa dekara paripuSTa kiyA hai / ' Adhunika digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa aura vizeSa rUpa se kundakunda ke graMthoM ko tattvArthasUtrakA AdhAra batAte hue unase uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM / yadyapi abhI taka kisI bhI digambara vidvAn ne tattvArthasUtra-jainAgama samanvaya kI zailI meM tattvArthasUtra ke sabhI sUtroM kA digambara paramparA mAnya Agamatulya granthoM meM kahA~ aura kisa rUpa meM nirdeza hai-isako spaSTa karane vAle kisI grantha kA praNayana nahIM kiyA hai| mAtra paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI jI ne 'tattvArthasUtra ke bIjoM kI khoja' nAmaka lekha meM, jo anekAnta varSa 4 kiraNa 1 meM prakAzita hai, isa tathya kA saMketa kiyA hai| digambara paramparA ke vidvAn yaha bhI ullekha karate haiM ki zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya kI racanA to pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke bAda huI hai / tattvArthasUtra meM to Agama ke uddharaNa haiM hI nahIM, aba rahA tatvArthabhASya to usake sambandha meM ve yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki vaha to usake bhI bAda meM hI kisI samaya likhA gayA hogaa| isa sambandha meM paM0 phUlacanda jI, paM0 sukhalAla jI ke kathana ko bhrAnta rUpa meM prastuta karate hue yaha kahate haiM ki "tattvArthabhASyakAra ne tattvArtha kI racanA ke AdhArarUpa jisa aMga-anaMga zruta kA avalambana kiyA thA, vaha pUrNatayA sthavira pakSa ko mAnya thA, ataH tattvArthabhASya zve0 mAnya AgamoM ke bAda arthAt pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kabhI 1. dekheM-tattvArthasatra jainAgama samanvaya, upAdhyAya AtmArAmajI /

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246 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya nirmita huA / ' durbhAgya yaha hai ki hamAre digambara vidvAn AgamoM kI antima vAcanA (sampAdana) aura unake pUstakArUr3ha hone arthAta tAr3apatroM para likhe jAne ke kAla ko hI Agama kA racanA kAla mAna lete haiN| yadi usake pUrva Agama the hI nahIM, to valabho meM saMkalana aura sampAdana kisakA haA hogA? kyA valabhI meM koI naye Agama grantha race gaye the ? yadi digambara paramparAke vidvAnoM ke anusAra tattvArtha ko racanA ke samaya Agama the hI nahIM to phira digambara paramparA meM upalabdha tattvArthasUtra kI utthAnikA meM umAsvAti ne aisA spaSTa ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA ki vartamAna meM aGga-anaGga zratarUpa AgamoM kA uccheda ho gayA hai aura isalie janasAdhAraNa ko jainatattvajJAna kA bodha karAne ke liye maiM isa grantha kI racanA meM pravRtta huA huuN| yadi umAsvAti ne kundakunda ke granthoM ko hI apanA AdhAra banAyA to phira tattvArthasUtra evaM usakI digambara TIkAoM kI utthAnikAoM meM kahIM bhI kundakunda ko nAmollekha pUrvaka namaskAra kyoM nahIM kiyA ? kyoM tattvArthasUtra kI pUjyapAda devanandI kI sarvArthasiddhi aura akalaMka kI rAjavAtika Adi TIkAyeM usake kartA ke sambandha meM bhI koI nirdeza nahIM karatI ? jabaki tattvArthabhASya meM to spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki Agama ke gambhIra viSayoM kA saralatApUrvaka saMkSepa meM bodha karAne ke lie hI maiM isa grantha kI racanA meM pravRta huA haiM ve tattvArthabhASya meM apane vaMzaparicaya ke sAtha-sAtha apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha karate haiN| jabaki tattvArthasUtra kI prAcIna 1. sarvArthasiddhi, paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prastAvanA pR0 37 / 2. vAcakamukhyasya ziva-zriyaH prakAzayazasaH praziSyeNa / ziSyeNa ghoSanandi-kSamAzramaNasyaikAdazAGgavidaH // 1 // vAcanayA ca mahAvAcakakSamaNamuNDapAdaziSyasya / ziSyeNa vAcakAcAryamUlanAmnaH prathitakIrteH // 2 // nyagrodhikAprasatena viharatA puravare kusumanAmni / kaubhISaNinA svAtitanayena vAtsIsutenAya'm / / 3 / / arhadvacanaM samyaga, gurukrameNAgataM samavadhArya / / duHkhAtaM ca durAgama-vihatamatilokamavalokya // 4 // idamuccai garavAcakena sattvAnukampayA dRbdham / / tattvArthAdhigamAkhyaM, spaSTamumAsvAtinA zAstram // 5 //

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI pamparA : 247 digambara TIkAyeM isa sambandha meM mauna sAdhe hue haiN| isa rahasya kA kAraNa kyA hai ? kyA umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra kundakunda ke grantha haiM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne tattvArtha ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM mukhyatayA SaDkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa evaM kundakunda ke granthoM kI carcA kI hai', anya digambara vidvAn bhI iso mata kI puSTi karate haiN| isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki kyA tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama evaM kundakunda ke pazcAt huI / yaha satya hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM aneka samAnatAyeM parilakSita hotI haiM, kintu mAtra isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki umAsvAti ne hI inheM kundakunda se grahaNa kiyA hai / sambhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki kundakunda ne hI umAsvAti se inheM liyA ho| hameM to yaha dekhanA hogA ki unameM se kauna pUrva meM hue aura kauna pshcaat| jahA~ taka digambara paTTAvaliyoM kA prazna hai unameM se kucha meM umAsvAti ko kundakunda kA sAkSAt ziSya aura kucha meM paramparA ziSya batAyA gayA hai, kintu ye sabhI paTTAvaliyA~ paryApta paravartI lagabhaga 10vIM zatI ke bAda kI haiM ataH prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sktii| svayaM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI jaise niSpakSa digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI unheM prAmANika nahIM mAnA hai| markarAbhilekha jisako AdhAra banAkara vidvAnoM ne kUndakunda ko 1-3 zatAbdI ke madhya rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA thA, aba apramANika (jAlI) siddha ho cukA hai / aba 9vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA koI bhI aisA abhilekha yastattvAdhigamAkhyaM jJAsyati ca kariSyate ca tatroktam / so'vyAbAdhaM saukhyaM, prApsyatyacireNa paramArtham // 6 // tattvArthabhASya pIThikA kArikA 26-31 / 1. dekheM-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, nemIcandra zAstrI (a0 bhA0 di0 jaina vidvatpariSad) bhAga 2 pR0 159-162 / 2. (a) jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza (paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra) pR0 125 / (ba) jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga 2 (paM0 kalAzacandajI) pR0 249 / 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI) pR0 530-531 / 4. Aspects of Jainology Vol. III Pt. Dalsukhbai Malvania

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248 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya nahIM hai, jo kundakunda yA unakI anvaya kA ullekha karatA ho / lagabhaga 10vIM zatI taka kundakunda ke granthoM ke nirdeza yA una para TIkA kI anupasthiti bhI yahI sUcita karatI hai ki kundakunda chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva to kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM hue haiM, isa tathyako pro0 madhusUdana r3hAkI' aura muni kalyANavijaya jI ne aneka pramANoM se pratipAdita kiyA hai| jabaki umAsvAti kisI bhI sthiti meM tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdI se paravartI siddha nahIM hote haiM / vastutaH kundakunda evaM umAsvAti ke kAla kA nirNaya karane ke lie kundakunda evaM umAsvAti ke granthoM meM ullikhita siddhAntoM kA vikAsakrama dekhanA pdd'egaa| yaha bAta sunizcita hai ki kundakunda ke granthoM meM guNasthAna' aura saptabhaMgI kA spaSTa nirdeza hai| guNasthAna kA yaha siddhAnta samavAyAMga ke 14 jIva-samAsoM ke ullekhoM ke atirikta zvetAmbaramAnya Agama sAhitya meM sarvathA anupasthita hai, yahA~ bhI ise zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne prakSipta hI mAnA hai / tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM bhI ina donoM siddhAntoM kA pUrNa abhAva hai, jabaki tattvArthasUtra kI sabhI digambara Felicitiation Vol. I, P. V. Research Institute Varanasi English Section, M. A. Dhaky, The Date of Kundakunda. carya p. 190. 1. Ibid. p. 189-190. 2. zrI paTTAvalIparAgasaMgraha, muni kalyANavijaya jI, pR0 100-107 / 3. (a) guNaThANa maggaNehiM ya pajjattIpANajIvaThANehiM / ThAvaNa paMcavihehiM paNayavvA arahapurisassa // terahame guNaThANe sajoi kevaliya hoi arahaMto / cautIsa aisayaguNA hoMti hu tassaTTapaDihArA // -bodhapAhuDa 31-32 (ba) jIva samAsAiM muNI caudasaguNaThANAmAI ||-bhaavpraabhRt 97 (sa) Neva ya jIvaThANA Na guNaThANA ya atthi jovassa |-smysaar 55 (da) NAhaM maggaThANo NAhaM guNaThANa jIvaThANo Na |-niymsaar 78 4. siya asthi Natthi uhayaM avvattavaM puNo ya tattidayaM / davvaM khu sattabhaMgaM AdesavaseNa saMbhavadi ||-pNcaastikaaysaar 14

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 249 TIkAoM meM ina siddhAntoM ke ullekha pracuratA se pAye jAte haiM / ' pUjyapAda devanandI yadyapi saptabhaMgI siddhAnta kI carcA nahIM karate parantu guNasthAna kI carcA to ve bhI kara rahe haiN| digambara paramparA meM AgamarUpa meM mAnya SaTkhaNDAgama to guNasthAna kI carcA para hI sthita haiM / umAsvAti ke tattvArtha meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI anupasthiti spaSTa rUpa se yaha 1. (a) jIvAzcaturdaza su guNasthAneSu vyavasthitAH mithyAdRSTiH, sAsAdanasamyagdRSTi, samyagmithyAdRSTi:, asaMyata samyagdRSTiH saMyatAsaMyata, pramattasaMyataH, apramattasaMyataH, apUrvakaraNasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, anivRttibAdaraguNasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, sUkSmasAmparAyasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, upazAMtakaSAya vItarAgachadmasthaH kSINakaSAyavItarAgachaddmasthaH, sayogI kevalI, ayogakevali ceti / 118 [jJAtavya haiM ki guNasthAna sambandhI yaha sampUrNa vivaraNa paM0 phUlacandrajI siddhAnta zAstrI dvArA sampAdita sarvArthasiddhi meM pR0 29 se pR0 92 taka lagabhaga 64 pRSThoM meM huA hai - isakA tAtparya hai ki pUjyapAda ke samakSa yaha siddhAnta pUrNa vikasita rUpa meM thA ] (ba) (i) praznavazAdekasmin vastunyavirodhena vidhi pratiSedha kalpanA saptabhaMgI 1 / 6 / 5 tattvArthavArtika / [ akalaMka ke tattvArthavArtika meM saptabhaMgI kA yaha vivaraNa pR0 33 se 35 taka tIna pRSThoM meM upalabdha haiM (jJAnapITha saMskaraNa ) ] (ii) akalaMka ne tasvArtha 1 / 8 meM to guNasthAna kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA mAtra mArgaNAsthAnakA nirdeza kiyA / kintu adhyAya ke sUtra 3 evaM adhyAya 9 ke sUtra 7 evaM 26 meM guNasthAna kA nirdeza kiyA hai / ..... mithyAdRSTayAdi caturdazaguNasthAna bhedAt 1513 jIvasthAna guNasthAnAnAM gatyAdiSu mArgaNA lakSaNo dharmaH svAraNyAtaH / - 9 / 7 / 10 isa prakAra akalaMka ke sammukha saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna upasthita the / 2. edesi ceva coddasahaM jIvasamAsANaM 1 chakkhaNDAgama 1|115 ( vistAra evaM sabhI nAmoM ke liye dekhe - chakkhaNDAgama 1 / 1 / 9-22) jJAtavya hai ki chatrakhaNDAgama guNasthAnoM ke liye samatrAMyAga ke jIvaThANa ke samAna jIvasamAsa zabda kA prayoga karatA hai, guNasthAna kA nahIM / ataH donoM ke tatsambandhI vivaraNa meM paryApta samAnatA hai aura ye kundakunda kI apekSA pUrvavartI hai)

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250 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 1 sUcita karatI hai ki ye avadhAraNAe~ unake kAla taka astitva meM nahIM AyI thIM, anyathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura karmasiddhAnta ke AdhAra rUpa guNasthAna ke siddhAnta ko ve kaise chor3a sakate the ? cAhe vistAra rUpa meM carcA bhale ho nahIM karate parantu unakA ullekha avazya karate haiM / tattvArthaM -- sUtra' meM samyagdRSTi, zrAvaka, virata, anantaviyojaka, darzanamohakSapaka, upazamaka, upazAntamoha, kSapaka, kSINamoha aura jina, nirjarA ke pariNAma - svarUpa AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa aura inameM guNasthAnoM ke kucha paribhASika nAmoM kI upasthiti yahI siddha karatI hai ki usa kAla taka guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA nirmita to nahIM huI thI, parantu apanA svarUpa avazya grahaNa kara rahI thI / tattvArthasUtra aura guNasthAna para zramaNa apraila-jUna 1992 meM prakAzita merA svatantra lekha dekhe | paM0 dalasukhabhAI ke anusAra tattvArtha sUtra meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa se sambandhita jo dasa nAma milate haiM, ve bauddhoM kI dasabhUmiyoM kI avadhAraNA para nirmita hue haiM aura inhIM se Age guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai / yadi umAsvAti ke samakSa guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA hotI to phira ve AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina dasa avasthAoM kI carcA na karake 14 guNasthAnoM kI carcA avazya karate / jJAtavya hai ki kaSAyapAhuDasutta meM bhI tattvArthasUtra ke samAna guNa-sthAna siddhAnta ke kucha paribhASika zabdoM kI upasthiti hote hue bhI suvyavasthita guNasthAna siddhAnta kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai / jabaki kasAyapAhuDasutta ke cUrNi sUtroM meM guNasthAna siddhAnta kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai / kaSAyaprAbhRta ke kucha adhikAroM ke nAma tattvArthasUtra ke samAna hI 1. ( a ) samyagdRSTi zrAvaka viratAnantaviyojaka darzanamoha kSapakopazAmaka kopa-zAMtamokSapaka kSINamoha jinA: / - tattvArtha 9 45 [ isI avadhAraNA se guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai, isakA pramANa yaha hai ki pUjyapAda guNasthAna kI carcA meM guNasthAna ke apane nAma ke sAtha-sAtha upazAmaka kSapaka Adi uparyukta nAmoM kA samanvaya karate haiM - dekhe sarvArthasiddhi 118 ] jJAtavya hai ki kasAyapAhuDasutta meM bhI guNasthAna sambandhI kucha pAribhASika zabdoM ke hote hue bhI sampUrNa siddhAnta kA kahIM nirdeza nahIM hai, ataH kasAya-pAhuDasutta aura tattvArtha sUtra kI samakAlikatA siddha hotI hai aura donoM: spaSTataH sampradAya bheda ke pUrva kI racanAyeM haiM /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 251 hai-samyaktva, dezavirati, saMyata, upazAmaka, kSaraka gAthA (14) / phira bhI kasAyapAhuDa kA vivaraNa tattvArtha kI apekSA kucha adhika vyavasthita evaM vistRta lagatA hai| aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra, kasAyapAhuDa aura SaTakhaNDAgama meM gaNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| jaisA ki hamane nirdeza kiyA hai zvetAmbaramAnya samavAyAMga meM 14 jIvaThANa ke rUpa meM 14 guNasthAnoM kA nirdeza hai, kintu aneka AdhAroM para yaha siddha hotA hai ki samavAyAMga meM prathama zato se pA~cavIM zatI ke bIca aneka prakSepa hote rahe haiN| ataH valabhI vAcanA ke. samaya hI jova samAsa kA yaha viSaya usameM saMkalita kiyA gayA hogaa| anya prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara AgamoM jaise-AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhdhayana, dazavaikAlika, bhagavato aura yahA~ taka ki prathama zatAbdI meM racita prajJApanA aura jIvAbhigama meM bhI guNasthAna kA abhAva hai| ina AgamoM meM aise kaI prasaMga the, jahA~ guNasthAna ko carcA kI jA sakatI thI, kintu usakA kahIM bhI ullekha yA nAma nirdeza taka na honA yahI siddha karatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke kAla taka ye avadhAraNAeM astitva meM nahIM AyI thiiN| caMki kundakunda', SaTkhaNDAgama', bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra Adi sabhI ina avadhAraNAoM kI carcA karate haiM, ataH ve tattvArtha se pUrvavartI nahIM ho skte| yadi yaha kahA jAye ki umAsvAti ke samakSa ye avadhAraNAe~ upasthita to thIM, kintu unhoMne anAvazyaka samajhakara unakA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hogA, to phira prazna yaha uThatA hai ki tattvArthabhASya ke atirikta tatvArthasUtra ke sabhI zvetAmbara aura digambara TokAkAra isa siddhAnta kI carcA kyoM karate haiM ? yahA~ taka ki tattvArthasUtra ke prathama digambara TokAkAra pUjyapAda devanandI sarvArthasiddhi meM tattvArtha ke prathama adhyAya ke AThaveM sUtra kI carcA meM na kevala inakA nAma nirdeza karate haiN| apitu isakI ati vistRta vyAkhyA bhI karate haiN| yadi hama pUjyapAda devanandI kA kAla pA~cavIM kA uttarArdha aura chaThI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnate 1. dekhe-bodhapAhuDa 31, 32, bhAvapAhuDa 97, samayasAra 55, niyamasAra 78. 2. dekhe-SaTkhaNDAgama 11115 tathA 111 / 9-22 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1086-88 4. mUlAcAra, 12 (paryApti-adhikAra)/154-155

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252 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya haiM, to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki isI kAla meM yaha avadhAraNA sunirdhArita hokara apane svarUpa meM A gaI thii| yahI kAla zvetAmbara AgamoM kI antima vAcanA kA kAla hai / sambhava yahI hai ki isI samaya use samavAyAMga meM DAlA gayA hogaa| ataH yaha sunizcita hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra na to kundakunda ke grantha haiM aura na SaTkhaNDAgama ho, kyoMki ye sabhI tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya ke bAda kI racanAe~ haiN| yadyapi kasAyapAhuDa ko kisI sImA taka tattvArthasUtra kA samasAmayika mAnA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI guNasthAna siddhAnta kI dRSTi se yaha tattvArtha se kiJcita paravartI siddha hotA hai| yadyapi isase hamAre kahane kA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki valabhI vAcanA ke vartamAna meM zvetAmbaroM dvArA mAnya Agama unake tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra hai, kyoMki yaha vAcanA to umAsvAti ke bAda kI hai / vastutaH skaMdila kI mAthurI vAcanA (vIra nirvANa 827-840) ke bhI pUrva phalgumitra ke samaya jo Agama grantha upasthita the, ve hI tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke mukhya AdhAra rahe haiN| merI dRSTi meM umAsvAti skaMdila se pUrvavartI hai ataH unakA AdhAra phalgumitra ke yuga ke Agama grantha hI the| yadyapi vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya AgamoM se inameM bahuta adhika antara nahIM rahA hogA, phira bhI kucha pATha bheda aura mAnyatA bheda to avazya hI rahe hoNge| dUsare vartamAna meM upalabdha zvetAmbara Agama koTikagaNa kI vaz2IzAkhA ke haiM jabaki umAsvAti koTikagaNa kI uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue haiM, ina donoM zAkhAoM meM aura unake mAnya AgamoM meM kucha mAnyatAbheda aura kucha pAThabheda avazya hI rahA hogA, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai / sambhavataH usI uccanAgarI zAkhA meM mAnya AgamoM ko ho umAsvAti ne apane grantha kI racanA kA AdhAra banAyA hogA, jisake pariNAma svarUpa cAra-pA~ca sthAnoM para tattvArthasUtra aura usakI bhASyagata mAnyatAoM meM vartamAna zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA kI mAnyatAoM se matabheda A gayA hai, jisakI carcA hamane Age kI hai| phira bhI itanA sunizcita hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra ve hI Agama grantha rahe haiM, jo kvacit pAThabhedoM ke sAtha zvetAmbaroM meM Aja bhI pracalita haiM aura yApanIyoM meM bhI pracalita the| isase isa bhrAnti kA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kA AdhAra SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke grantha hai, kyoMki ye grantha tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA paryApta paravartI hai aura guNasthAna, saptabhaMgI Adi paravartI yuga meM vikasita avadhAraNAoM ke ullekhoM se yukta hai|

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tatvArtha sUtra ke mUlapATha kA prazna tattvArtha sUtra kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie tattvArthasUtra ke pracalita pAThoM meM kauna-sA pATha maulika hai, isakA nirNaya karanA bhI Avazyaka hai / vartamAna meM tattvArthasUtra ke do pATha pracalita haiM - (1) bhASyamAnya pATha, jise sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai aura (2) sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha, jise digambara paramparA meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM pAThoM meM se kauna-sA pATha prAcIna evaM maulika hai, yaha nirNaya isalie bhI Avazyaka hai ki usake AdhAra para hI tattvArthasUtra kI maulika paramparA kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / pracalita donoM pAThoM meM tattvArthasUtra kA mUla prAcIna pATha kauna-sA hai ? isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu jApAnI vidvAn sujikA ohiro ne paryApta parizrama kiyA hai / " kisI paramparA vizeSa se Abaddha na hone ke kAraNa unakA nirNaya taTastha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| DaoN0 sujikA ohiro ne isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai (1) bhASAgata parivartana, (1) sUtroM kA vilopana aura (3) sUtragata matabheda | tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 253 isa sambandha meM unake vistRta nibandha kA hindI anuvAda paM0 sukhalAla jI dvArA vivecita tathA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita tattvArthasUtra meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ hama usI ko AdhAra banAkara saMkSepa meM carcA kareMge bhASAgata parivartanoM ke sandarbha meM unakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki zvetAmbara mAnya pATha AgamanusAra hai, jabaki digambara mAnya pATha meM vyAkaraNa ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai | vyAkaraNa aura padavinyAsa kI dRSTi se pUjyapAda ne tattvArtha sUtra ke sUtroM ko nimna dRSTi se parimArjita kiyA hai (a) eka taraha ke bhAvoM kA saMyuktikaraNa karane ke lie do sUtroM kA eka sUtra meM samAveza / (ba) zabdakrama kI samyak samAyojanA | (sa) anAvazyaka zabdoM ko nikAlanA aura spaSTa bhAvAbhivyakti ke lie kama se kama zabdoM ko jor3anA / 1. dekheM --- tattvArthasUtra, paM0 sukhalAla jI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI, 5, bhUmikA bhAga pR0 84-107

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254 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (da) 'iti' zabda dvArA sUtroM ko varga meM bA~TanA / sujiko ohiro ke anusAra yadyapi aisA karane meM takanIkI dRSTi se bahuta-sI galatiyA~ huI haiM, jisase sUtroM kA ThIka-ThIka artha samajhane meM kaThinAI hotI hai| isakA eka kAraNa to yaha hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM jainAcAryoM ke samakSa uttara bhArata kI Agamika paramparA kA abhAva thA aura dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki sUtrakAra kI usa vAstavika sthiti ko na samajha pAnA, jisameM jaina siddhAnta ko tathA anya dArzanika matoM ko barAbara dhyAna meM rakhakara isa grantha kI racanA kI gaI thii| yadyapi ve mAnatI haiM ki mAtra bhASAgata adhyayana se kisI aise niSkarSa para to nahIM paha~ca jA sakatA, jisase kahA jA sake ki amaka paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra mUlarUpa meM hai aura amuka paramparA meM dUsare se liyA gayA hai| phira bhI "uparyukta AdhAra para itanA nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha Agamika sandarbha kI daSTi se digambara pATha se adhika saMgata hai|" sujikA ohiro ke sAtha-sAtha kucha zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kI bhI mAnyatA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se adhika pariSkArita hai / pUjyapAda vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn the ataH unhoMne hI bhASyamAnya pATha ko vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se pariSkArita kiyA hai aura isa AdhAra para sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha bhASyamAnya pATha kI apekSA paravartI siddha hotA hai| mujhe unake isa tarka se to koI Apatti nahIM hai, kintu aneka kAraNoM se aisA lagatA hai ki yaha pATha saMzodhana kA kArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne nahIM kiyA hai, apitu indranandI yA anya kisI yApanIya paramparA ke vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn ne kiyA hogaa| sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha pUjyapAda devanandI dvArA saMzodhita nahIM hai, isa hetu maiMne Age alaga se tarka diye haiM, pAThaka unheM vahA~ dekha le| sUtroM kA vilopana evaM vRddhi___DaoN0 sujiko ohiro ne sUtroM ke vilopana ke AdhAra para yaha mAnA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha ko digambara pATha meM sArarUpa se samAhita kiyA gayA hai| ohiro ke anusAra sUtroM ke vilopana evaM vRddhi ke vizleSaNa se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki digambara sUtroM (3/12-32) kI racanA bhASya aura jambUdvIpasamAsa ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / tArkika dRSTi se digambara vidvAn yaha bho 1. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra, paM0 sukhalAlajo, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 5, bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 92

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 255 kaha sakate haiM ki bhASya tathA jambUdvIpa samAsa kI racanA digambara mAnya pATha ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| yadyapi sUjiko ohiro kA kahanA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha ke 1-3 vargoM ke sUtroM ke vilopana ke AdhAra para aba taka jo vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai usase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha mUla rUpa meM haiM / sUtra zailI meM yathAkrama zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / 'sat dravya lakSaNam' nAmaka sUtra prastuta sandarbha meM upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA, varan bAda meM jor3A gayA pratIta hotA hai, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sUtra 5/29 tattvArthasUtra ke prAcIna mUlapATha kA nahIM hai| sujiko ohiro ke zabdoM meM jahA~ taka donoM AvRttiyoM meM sUtroM ke vilopana kA prazna hai digambara paramparA meM mAnya pATha zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya pATha se adhika saMzodhita pratIta hotA hai|' sUtragata matabheda__DaoN. sujuko ohiro ne tathA anya zvetAmbara aura digambara vidvAnoM ne bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya pAThoM ke una sUtragata matabhedoM kI vistAra se carcA kI hai jo yA to Agamika zvetAmbara paramparA se yA digambara mAnyatAoM se saMgati nahIM rakhate haiN| DaoN0 sujikoohiro ne sUtragata aise ATha matabhedoM kA saMketa kiyA hai 1. naya ke prakAra 2. trasa evaM sthAvara kA vibhAjana 3. antarAla gati meM jIva tIna samaya taka anAhAraka rahatA hai| 4. Aharaka zarIra caturdaza pUrvadhara ko hotA hai / ___ AhAraka zarIra pramattasaMyata ko hotA hai / 5. jyotiSa devoM meM tejolezyA hotI hai, bhavanapati va vyantaroM meM kRSNa se tejas taka cAra lezyAe~ hotI hai, isa prakAra bhavanapati, vyantara evaM jyotiSka ina tIna devanikAyoM meM cAra lezyAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| 6. bAraha kalpa devaloka hai / digambara paramparA mAnya pATha (3/4) meM bAraha kalpa mAne gaye haiM, kintu 4/19 meM solaha kalpa ginAye haiN| tiloyapaNNatti (8/114) meM 12 kalpoM kI gaNanA hai| 7. kaI AcArya kAla ko bhI dravya kahate haiM yA kAla bhI dravya hai| 1. dekheM tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 5, bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 97

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256 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 8. samyaktva, hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda puNya prakRti hai| kintu donoM paramparAoM meM inheM puNya prakRti nahIM kahA gayA hai / sujiko ohiro ke anusAra uparyukta ATha matabhedoM meM dUsare, tIsare aura AThaveM matabheda kI puSTi zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM Agamika paddhati ke dvArA hoto hai| pahalA, cauthA aura sAtavA~ vAstava meM matabheda nahIM hai / pA~cavA aura chaThA vizeSa mahattva ke nahIM haiN|' ___ inake atirikta anya do matabheda-jo pudgala bandha ke niyama tathA pariSahoM ke sambandha meM haiM, ohiro kI dRSTi meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| yadyapi ye matabheda mUlasUtroM ko lekara utane nahIM hai, apitu unakI vyAkhyAoM ke sambandha meM hai / bandha ke niyama ke sandarbha meM DaoN0 sujiko ohiro kA kahanA hai ki ye sUtra zvetAmbara paramparA sammata artha ke sAtha adhika saMgata haiM / digambara paramparA sammata artha se inakA tAlamela nahIM baiThatA hai / yadyapi digambara paramparA meM isa pATha ko SaTkhaNDAgama ke anurUpa banAne kA prayatna avazya kiyA gyaa| ve likhatI haiM ki sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha meM sUtra maulika nahIM haiM, sUtra 5/35 binA kisI vizeSa vicAra ke anya sUtroM ke sAtha apanA liyA gayA mAlUma hotA hai| isase zvetAmbara pATha kI maulikatA siddha hotI hai| isI sandarbha meM pariSahoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM ve likhatI haiM ki "digambara AcAryoM ne 'ekAdaza jine' sUtra (9/11) ko binA kisI parivartana ke svIkAra kara liyA parantu apane rUr3higata vizvAsa ke anusAra TIkAoM meM artha sambandhI saMzodhana kara DAlA / unhoMne yaha saMzodhana upacAra kI paddhati se kiyA tAki isa sUtra kA mUla artha bigar3a na jAe, kintu isameM ve asaphala rahe haiN|"4 ___ isase yaha nizcita rUpa se pramANita hotA hai ki sUtra 9/11 (11) mUla rUpa meM digambara paramparA kA nahIM hai / anta meM ve likhatI haiM ki "yaha 1. tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAla jI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 5, bhUmikA bhAga pR0 98-100 2. vahI pR0 100-101 / 3. tattvArthasUtra-vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI (pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna ) bhUmikA bhAga pR0 103 / 4. vahI, pR0 106 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 257 pramANita ho jAtA hai ki zvetAmbaramAnya pATha mUla hai aura digambara paramparA meM mAnya pATha usase vyutpanna huA hai|"1 ina sUtragata matabhedoM ke sandarbha meM Age hamane alaga se bhI carcA kI hai aura yaha pAyA hai ki bhASyamAna zvetAmbara pATha hI mUla hai aura vaha AgamoM ke anukUla bhI hai| yadyapi vartamAna Agamika mAnyatAoM se kucha sthaloM para jo kvacita matabheda daSTigata hotA hai, vaha isalie hai ki eka to AgamoM meM aneka mAnyatAyeM saMkalita haiM aura dUsare umAsvAti ke samakSa valabhI vAcanA ke Agama na hokara phalgumitra ke kAla ke uccanAgarI zAkhA ke Agama rahe hoNge| kyA tattvArthasUtra kA bhASya-mAnya pATha aprAmANika aura paravartI hai yaha satya hai ki siddhasena gaNi aura haribhadra sUri aura anya zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne tattvArthabhASya-mAnya pATha ke AdhAra para apanI TIkAe~ likhIM aura tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kI rakSA karane kA prayatna kiyA, kintu unhoMne unake sUtra meM jo pATha bheda aura arthabheda ho gaye the, unakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArtha ke kucha pAThabheda prAcIna kAla se hI pracalita rahe haiM, phira bhI unakI saMkhyA bahuta adhika nahIM hai| kintu isa AdhAra para digambara paramparA ke vidvAn yaha tarka upasthita karate haiM ki jaba tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya eka hI vyakti kI kRti thI aura zvetAmbara AcArya isa tathya ko bhalIbhauti samajhate the, taba sUtrapATha ke viSaya meM itanA pAThabheda kyoM huA ? khAsakara usa avasthA meM jabaki tattvArthabhASya usa svIkRta pATha ko sunizcita kara detA hai| sUtrapATha meM mAtra tona pAThAntaroM ke AdhAra para hamAre digambara vidvAn yaha kalpanA kara lete haiM ki sUtrapATha aura bhASya mAnya pATha ke bIca paryApta antara hai / paM0 phUlacanda jI likhate haiM ki "hama to isa samasta matabhedoM ko dekhate hue isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki tatvArthabhASya-mAnya sUtrapATha svIkRta hone ke pahale zvetAmbara paramparA-mAnya sUtrapATha nizcita karane ke lie choTe-bar3e aneka prayatna hue haiM, aura ve prayatna pIche taka bhI svIkRta hote rahe haiN|"2 yahI nahIM isa AdhAra para hamAre digambara vidvAn yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAla lete haiM ki tattvArthabhASya svopajJa nahIM hai aura donoM ke 1. vahI, pR0 107 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, saM0 50 phUlacaMda jI, prastAvanA pR0 23 / 17

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258 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ke bIca samaya kA eka lambA aMtarAla hai / isa sandarbha meM maiM yaha batAnA Avazyaka samajhatA hU~ ki vaha yuga lekhana kA yuga nahIM thA / tattvArtha bhASya ke kAla taka jaina paramparA meM pustaka lekhana kI pravRtti vikasita nahIM huI thI / muni ke lie grantha lekhana aura likhita granthoM kA saMgraha karanA prAyazcitta yogya aparAdha mAne jAte the / kyoMki tAr3apatroM para grantha likhane aura unakA saMgraha karane donoM meM jIva hiMsA aparihArya thI / jabaki sarvArthasiddhi jisa kAla meM likhI gaI usa kAla meM lekhana kI paramparA prArambha ho cukI thI / zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvaprathama vo0 ni0 saM0 980 arthAt vikrama saM0 510 yA I0 san 453 meM yaha sunizcita kiyA gayA ki yadi Agama sAhitya kI rakSA karanA hai to unheM tAr3apatroM para likhavAnA aura saMgrahita karanA hogA / isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM grantha lekhana kI pravRtti tattvArtha bhASya kI racanA ke lagabhaga do sau varSa bAda prArambha huI / jo grantha mukhAgra paramparA se 200 varSoM taka calA ho usameM pATha bheda ho jAnA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai / yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sabhI muni tattvArthasUtra ko usake bhASya ke sAtha hI kaMThastha to nahIM nahIM karate the, kucha mAtra sUtra ko kaMThastha karate rahe hoMge / ataH sUtragata pATha aura bhASyagata pATha meM kvacit antara A gayA ho / 200 varSa taka kI maukhika paramparA meM sUtra aura bhASya ke pAThoM meM kucha antara A jAnA asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai / punaH hamAre digambara vidvAn jitane adhika jora-zora se isa pAThabheda kI carcA ko uchAlate hai, vaisA bhI kucha nahIM hai, eka hI sUtra meM do sarva pada hone para eka kA chUTa jAnA, asvAbhAvika nahIM hai / isI prakAra 'nityA'vasthitAnyAH rUpAni' ko eka sUtra yA do sUtra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA koI bahuta bar3A antara nahIM hai / ina do-tIna choTI-choTI bAtoM ko uchAlakara yena kena prakAreNa bhASya ko sarvArthasiddhi aura akalaMka ke rAjavArtika se pIche le jAne kA prayatna hai tAki yaha kahA jA sake ki digambara paramparA ke vidvAn pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne bhASya se kucha nahIM liyA hai, balki bhASyakAra ne ho unase liyA hai / digambara paramparA ke niSpakSa vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne paM0 sukhalAlajI ke samAna hI aneka tarka dekara bhASya ko svopajJa aura tattvArthasUtra kI prAcInatama TIkA mAna rahe haiM / dUsare loga use svopajJa mAnane jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ( paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ) pu0 524-529 // 2.

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 259 se kevala isIlie katarA rahe haiM ki usameM kucha aisA bhI hai jo unakI apanI paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai / bhASya meM mAtra do-tIna sthaloM para vastra, pAtra sambandhI kucha bAteM haiM (dekheM1- bhASya 9/5, 9/7, 9/26), jo unakI dRSTi meM digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtI hai aura kevala isIlie ve use asvIkAra kara dete haiM / jabaki sUtra aura bhASya meM aise bhI tathya haiM jo vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhI virodha meM jAte kucha haiM / jisa prakAra zvetAmbara TIkAkAra bhASyakAra ko apanI paramparA kA mAnate hue bhI usake matoM ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, usI prakAra digambara vidvAn bho aisA kara sakate the, kintu unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA / yadi hama niSpakSa hRdaya se vicAra kareM to hameM yaha pratIta hotA hai ki paravartI digambara paramparA meM jaisI kaTTaravAditA rahI hai, vaisI zvetAmbara paramparA meM nahIM rahI hai / yadi bhASyagata aura sUtragata pATha meM do-tIna sthaloM para jo thor3A sA antara hai, vaha bhASya kI svopajJatA kA virodhI mAnA jA sakatA hai to hama pUchanA cAheMge ki sarvArthasiddhi ke do prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM mAtra prathama adhyAya meM itane adhika pAThabheda kyoM aura kaise ho gaye haiM ? svayaM paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI ne apane dvArA sampAdita sarvArthasiddhi meM mAtra apanI paramparA se saMgati biThAne ke liye kyoM aneka pATha binA kisI Thosa AdhAra para badala diye haiM / isa saMbaMdha meM vistRta carcA Age kI hai aura unake hI kathana ko pAThakoM ke vicArArtha prastuta kiyA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke mUlapATha aura usakI TIkA meM ullekhita mUla pATha se antara kyoM hai ? prAcIna stara ke granthoM kA sAmpradAyikatA ke cazme se mUlyAMkana karanA bhI ucita nahIM hai tattvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya na to zvetAmbara hai aura na digambara hI, usakI sthiti mathurA ke - sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke aMkana ke samAna hai, jinheM zvetAmbara yA digambara nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai athavA phira donoM hI kahA jA sakatA hai / ve zvetAmbara mAne jA sakate haiM kyoMki unake pAsa vastra aura pAtra haiM, sAtha hI unake gaNa, zAkhA, kula Adi zvetAmbara mAnya kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra haiM / ve digambara bhI kahe jA sakate haiM, kyoMki ve nagna jina - pratimA kI upAsanA kara rahe haiM aura svayaM bhI nagna haiM / ve yApanIya bhI kahe jA sakate haiM, kyoMki acelatA ko mAnya karake bhI apavAda rUpa meM vastra aura pAtra grahaNa kara rahe haiM (dekheM - pariziSTa ke citra ) / tattvArthaM - sUtra ko zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya ke cazmeM dekhanA hI mUrkhatA hai, kyoMki vaha to inake vibhAjana ke pUrva kA hai / /

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260 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kyA tattvArtha kA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha svayaM devanandI ke dvArA saMzodhita hai ? yA bhASyamAna pAu svayaM umAsvAti kA na hokara kisI anya zvetAmbara AcArya dvArA saMzodhita hai ? sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ke dvArA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki pUjyapAda devanandI ne tattvArtha ke pATha ko apanI paramparA ke anusAra saMzodhita karake usa para sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka TIkA likhii| isake dUsaro ora digambara vidvAn yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki tattvArthabhASya ke kartA ne tattvArtha ke pATha ko apanI paramparAnusAra DhAla karake usa para bhASya likhaa| hamArI dRSTi meM ye donoM hI kathana sahI nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi hama yaha mAne ki pUjyapAda devanandI digambara paramparA ke AcArya the aura unhoMne digambara paramparAnusAra tattvArtha ke pATha ko saMzodhita kiyA thA to yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA ki phira unhoMne mUlapATha meM ve saba bAteM, jaise 'ekAdaza jine1 athavA 'dvAdazavikalpAH2, jo ki unakI paramparA ke viparIta thI, kyoM rahane do ? jaba koI vyakti apanI paramparA ke anusAra kisI grantha ko saMzodhita karatA hai to aisA nahIM hotA hai ki usameM kucha mAnyatAoM ko saMzodhita kare aura kucha ko vaisA hI rahane de| yadi 'ekAdazajine' pATha, jo spaSTa rUpa se digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai aura jisake lie svayaM pUjyapAda 'ekAdazajine na santi vAkyazeSakalpanIyaH' kahakara 'na santi' kA adhyAhAra karate haiM to prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jaba unhoMne itane sAre pATha badale to kyoM nahIM yahA~ 'na' zabda yA 'na santi' zabda mUla pATha meM rakha diyA / jaba itane sAre sUtroM meM parivartana kara diyA thA to 'na' ko mUla pATha meM jor3a dene meM unheM kyA Apatti ho sakatI thI? isa samasyA para gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yA to pUjyapAda ne pATha ko saMzodhita. hI nahIM kiyA hai aura unheM yaha jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huA usI para TokA likhI, yA phira hama yaha mAneM ki pUjyapAda devanandI yApanIya paramparA ke the, unheM yaha sUtrapATha mAnya thA aura bAda meM kisI digambara AcArya ne isa sUtra kI unakI TIkA ko apanI paramparA ke anurUpa banAne ke lie badalA hai| isa prakAra do hI vikalpa hamAre sAmane ho sakate haiM, prathama to yaha ki sUtrapATha pUjyapAda devanandI ke dvArA parivartita nahIM kiyA 1. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 11 (zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM pAThoM meM yahI krama hai / 2. vahI, 4 / 3

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tattvArthasUtra aura unakI paramparA : 261 gayA hai aura yadi devanandI ne sUtrapATha meM parivartana kiyA hai to ve phira yApanIya the aura unheM jina bhagavAn meM ekAdaza pariSaha mAnya the aura yahA~ unakI isa sUtra kI TIkA ko kisI digambara AcArya ne badalA hai| ina sabameM bhI ucita vikalpa yaha mAnanA hai ki pUjyapAda ne koI pATha nahIM badalA hai / yApanIyoM se jaisA milA usapara TIkA likho| isa sandarbha meM itanA to nizcita hai ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI pATha ke sAtha svataH koI cher3a-chAr3a nahIM kI hai, unheM mUlapATha aura pAThAntara jisa rUpa meM upalabdha hue haiM, unheM rakhA hai| kyoMki yadi unheM bhI apanI paramparA ke anusAra sUtrapATha badalanA hotA, to ve apanI paramparA se bhinna jo mAnyatAeM thIM unheM badala DAlate / mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparA ke AcAryoM para tattvArtha ke mUlapAThoM ko saMzodhita yA parivardhita karane kA jo Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai, vaha mithyA haiN| kyoMki ina TokAkAra samartha AcAryoM ne yadi pATha meM parivartana kiyA hotA to yaha kabhI bhI sambhava nahIM thA ki ve usameM koI bhI pATha apanI paramparA se bhinna rahane dete| ataH donoM paramparA ke vidvAnoM ko eka dUsare para isa taraha ke AkSepa nahIM lagAne caahie| vAstavikatA isase kucha bhinna hai, merI samajha ke anusAra tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne uccanAgarI zAkhA kI usa yuga ko mAnyatAoM ke anusAra tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kI racanA ko aura yaha bhASyamAnya mUla pATha aura bhASya bAda meM vikasita hone vAlI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM ko upalabdha haa| yApanIya AcAryoM ne apanI mAnyatAoM ke 'sthirokaraNa ke pazcAt mUlapATha ko saMzodhita kiyA aura usa para TIkA likho| kyoMki digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparA ke vidvAna isa tathya ko svIkAra kara rahe haiM ki sarvArthasiddhi aura siddhasenagaNi kI tattvArthabhASya kI TIkA likhe jAne ke pUrva tatvArtha kI kucha anya TIkAe~ astitva meM thIM aura saMbhavataH ve yApanIya paramparA kI thii| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM jo tattvArtha kI TIkA upalabdha thI usameM bhASya ko bhI samAhita kara liyA hogaa| yaha kahane kA AdhAra yaha hai ki yApanIya paramparA ne uttarAdhikAra meM upalabdha granthoM evaM AgamoM meM apanI paramparA ke anurUpa bhASika aura saiddhAntika parivartana kiye the| ata: tattvArtha ke mUlapATha meM bhI saMzodhana unhIM ke dvArA kiyA hogaa| yApanIya paramparA se ho pUjyapAda devanandI ko tattvArtha upalabdha huA aura unhoMne 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthurAma premI; pR0 544-545 /

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262 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya usa para apanI paramparA ke anurUpa sarvArthasiddhi TIkA likhI / isakI puSTi SaTkhaNDAgama jaise yApanIya granthoM kI dhavalA TIkA se bhI hotI hai, jisake mUlapATha ko yathAvat rakhate hue bhI digambara AcAryoM ne apanI mAnyatA ke anurUpa usa para TIkA likhI hai / isa prakAra siddhasena gaNi ne tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya jaisA aura jisa rUpa meM unheM prApta huA thA, use mAnya rakhate hue apanI TIkA likhI aura jahA~-jahA~ unheM Agama aura apanI mAnyatAoM se antara parilakSita huA usakA nirdeza kara diyA / ataH tattvArtha kA bhASyamAnya pATha usake mUlakartA kA hai aura sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha yApanIyoM dvArA saMzodhita / isa pATha ko yApanIyoM dvArA saMzodhita kiye jAne kA pramANa yaha hai ki isameM pudgala ke baMdhako prakriyA ko yApanIya grantha SaTkhaMDAgama-Agama ke anurUpa banAyA gayA hai / digambara AcAryoM ke dvArA usameM saMzodhana nahIM huA hai anyathA usameM unakI paramparA se jo asaMgatiyA~ haiM, ve nahIM raha sakatI thIM / kucha zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki pUjyapAda devanandI vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn the aura tattvArtha sUtra kA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha vyAkaraNa zAstra kI dRSTi se adhika prAmANika hai ataH yaha saMzodhana unhIM ne kiyA hai, kintu mero dRSTi se yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA hai / yApanIya paramparA meM bhI indranandI Adi vyAkaraNa ke vidvAna hue hai, ataH sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha indranandI nAmaka yApanIya AcArya dvArA hI saMzodhita hai / jinakA ullekha gommaTTasAra meM sAMzayika ke rUpa meM huA hai / kyA vAcaka umAsvAti aura unakA tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara paramparA kA hai ? mUrdhanya vidvAn paM0 sukhalAlajI ne apane tattvArtha sUtra kI bhUmikA meM, paM0 hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA ne tattvArthAdhigamasUtra evaM usake svopajJa bhASya kI siddhasenagaNi kI TIkA ke dvitIya vibhAga ke prArambha kI aMgrejI bhUmikA meM, DaoN0 sujiko ohiro ne apane nibandha 'tattvArthasUtra kA mUlapATha' meM ise zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / ' sthAnakavAsI AcArya AtmArAma jI mahArAja ne 'tattvArthasUtra1. dekheM - ( a ) tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI - 5 bhUmikA bhAga pR0 15 - 27 / (ba) tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( svopajJa bhASya aura siddhasena gaNi kI TIkA sahita ) Introduction P. 36-40 / (sa) tattvArtha sUtra, vivecaka; paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 5, bhUmikA bhAga pR0 105-107 /

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tattvAryasUtra aura unakI paramparA : 263 jaina Agama samanvaya' meM tattvArtha ke pAThoM kA Agamika AdhAra prastuta karate hue ise zvetAmbara paramparA kI hI kRti mAnA hai|' zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA ke sAgarAnanda sUrIzvara jo ne tattvArthasUtra ke kartA zvetAmbara haiM aura sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha saMzodhita hai, yaha siddha karane ke lie 96 pRSThoM kI eka pustaka hI likha DAlI hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara aura digambara vidvAnoM kA yaha Agraha ucita nahIM hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake lekhaka usa mUla dhArA ke hai, jisase ina vibhinna paramparAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara paramparA ko kRti hai, ise siddha karane ke lie paM0 sukhalAla jI Adi zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne jo tarka die haiM unheM saMkSepa meM nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. tattvArthasUtra ke mUla pAThoM kI racanA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ke AdhAra para huI hai, ataH tattvArtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha hai / tattvArtha ke mUlapATha zvetAmbaramAnya Agama sAhitya ke kitane nikaTa hai, ise AcArya AtmArAmajIkRta 'tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka grantha meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / isase aisA lagatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA ke haiN| 2. tattvArthasUtra ke bhASyamAnya pATha meM gati kI apekSA se trasa aura sthAvara kA jo vargIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai vaha prAcIna jaina Agama AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, jIvAbhigama Adi ke anukUla hai|4 ataH bhASyamAnya pATha prAcIna bhI hai aura AgamoM se pramANita bhI hotA hai| isa AdhAra para bho use zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA kA mAnA jA sakatA hai / 3. bhASyamAnya pATha meM 'kAlazceke' jo sUtra milatA hai vaha bhI prAcIna Agamika paramparA kA anusaraNa karatA hai kyoMki zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM 1. tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya, upadhyAya AtmArAma jI, prastAvanA sammati patra, paM0 haMsarAja jI pR0 3 / / 2. zrI tattvArthakatanmatanirNaya, sAgarAnandasUrIzvara, RSabhadeva kesarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA ratalAma-sampUrNa grantha paThanIya hai / 3. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya, isameM tattvArtha ke satroM ke nIce sasaMdarbha __Agamika pATha diya gaye haiM / 4. dekheM-zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1993 prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM 'basa-sthAvara vargI karaNa', lekhaka-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina /

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264 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya meM kAla svatantra dravya hai yA nahIM, isa sambandha meM donoM prakAra ke dRSTikoNoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| isa satra ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha usa paramparA kA grantha hai jisameM kAla ke dravyatva ke sambandha meM vaikalpika mAnyatAe~ thiiN| 4. tattvArtha ke bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya donoM pAThoM meM upasthita 'ekAdazajine' (9 / 11) sUtra spaSTa rUpa se digambara paramparA ke viruddha jAtA hai, kyoMki ve 'jina' meM kavalahAra nahIM mAnane ke kAraNa kSudhApariSaha Adi pariSahoM ko svIkAra nahIM karate, kintu sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se 'jina' ko bhI gyAraha pariSaha batAye gaye haiN| yaha bAta bhI use zvetAmbara paramparA kA siddha karatI hai, kyoMki zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya kevalo ke kavalAhAra ko svokAra karake usameM kSudhAdi pariSahoM kA sadbhAva mAnate haiN| 5. zvetAmbara vidvAn tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati ko umAsvAti kI hI kRti mAnakara unheM zvetAmbara paramparA kA siddha karate haiN| kyoMki tattvArthabhASya (9 / 5, 9 / 7, 9 / 26) aura prazamarati meM vastra-pAtra sambandhI kucha aise sandarbha haiM, jo unake zvetAmbara paraMparA se sambaddha hone ke pramANa haiN| yadi hama bhASya aura prazamarati ko tatvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti kI kRti mAnate haiM to hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki tattvArtha sUtra mUlataH vastra-pAtra samarthaka zvetAmbara paraMparA kA grantha hai / paM0 sukhalAla jI ke anusAra tattvArthasUtra, usakA bhASya tathA prazamarati (138) eka ho kRtaka haiM-isa sambandha meM ve likhate haiM (i) bhASya para upalabdha TIkAoM meM sabase prAcIna TIkA siddhasena kI hai / usameM bhASya kI svopajJatA ke sUcaka aneka ullekha milate haiN| (isa hetu dekheM-tattvArthadhigamasUtra-sabhASyaTIkA prathama bhAga pR0 72, 205, dvitIya bhAga pR0 220, sampAdaka-hIrAlAla kaapddiyaa)| (ii) yAkinI sunu haribhadra (IsA kI AThavIM zatI) ne bhI zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM bhASya kI antima kArikAoM meM se AThavIM kArikA ko umAsvAti kRtaka rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| (iii) AcAryadevagupta bhI sUtra aura bhASya ko eka hI kRtaka mAnate haiN| (iv) bhASya kI prArambhika kArikAoM (1 / 22) meM aura kucha anya sthaloM para bhASya meM vakSyAmi, vakSyAmaH (5 / 22, 5 / 37, 5 / 40, 542) Adi prathama puruSa ke nirdeza haiM aura ina nirdezoM ke bAda hI sUtra kA kathana kiyA

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tattvArthasUtra aura unakI paramparA : 265 gayA hai, isase bhI bhASya kI svopajJatA siddha hotI hai| isa prakAra tattvArtha ke kucha mUlasUtroM ke pUrva meM bhASya meM vakSyAmi zabda ke prayoga se bhASya kI svopajJatA meM sandeha karane kA koI avakAza hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM bhASya ko prArambha se anta taka dekhe jAne para eka bAta jaMcatI hai ki 'kahIM sUtra kA artha karane meM zabdoM kI khIMcatAna nahIM huI hai, kahIM sUtra kA artha karane meM saMdeha yA vikalpa bhI nahIM liyA gayA hai| na sUtra kI kisI dUsarI vyAkhyA ko mana meM rakhakara sUtra kA artha kiyA gayA aura na kahIM sUtra ke pAThabheda kA hI avalambana liyA gayA hai| jabaki ye sabhI bAteM digambara paramparA mAnya prathama TIkA sarvArthasiddhi meM dekhI jAtI haiM, usameM aneka sthAnoM para artha ko lekara khIMca-tAna karanA par3I hai| yaha vastusthiti sUtra aura bhASya kI ekakRtaka hone kI cirakAlIna mAnyatA ko siddha karatI hai| yadi bhASyakAra aura sUtrakAra eka hI haiM, to sUtrakAra ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone kI puSTi hotI hai| (5) punaH bhASya kI prazasti meM umAsvAti ne apanI uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaha uccanAgara zAkhA digambara paramparA meM raho hai, aisA eka bhI pramANa nahIM milatA hai| jabaki zvetAmbaramAnya kalpasatra kI sthavirAvali meM (216) aura mathurA ke aneka abhilekhoM meM isa uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha milatA hai|5 kalpasUtra meM yaha uccanAgaro zAkhA koTikagaNa kI zAkhA batAyI gayI hai aura Aja bhI sabhI zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka muni apane ko koTikagaNa kA mAnate haiN| punaH bhASya meM umAsvAti ne apane ko vAcaka vaMza kA batAyA hai, yaha vAcaka vaMza bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya nandIsUtra meM ullikhita hai| 1, tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 16 / 2. vahI, pR0 16 / 3, vahI, pR0 17 / 4. idamuccai garavAcakena'-tattvArthabhASya 5 / 5. kalpasUtra, (prAkRta bhAratI) 216 tathA janazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 19, 20, 22, 23, 31, 35, 36, 50, 64, 71 / 6. vaDaDhau vAyagavaMso-nandIsUtra, stuti gAthAyeM, 34, 35 /

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266: jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (vi) isI prakAra bhASya kI 'kAlazceke' 5/38) evaM 'ekAdaza jine* (9/11) kI vyAkhyAe~ tathA siddhoM meM liMgadvAra aura tIrthadvAroM (10/7) kA bhASyagata vaktavya tathA vastra-pAtrasambandhI ullekha (9/5, 9/7, 9/26) bhI digambara paramparA ke viparIta jAte haiM, bhASya meM kevalajJAna ke pazcAt kevalI ke dUsarA upayoga mAnane kA jo mantavya bheda hai vaha bhI digambara granthoM meM nahIM dikhatA (1/31) / paM0 sukhalAlajI ke anusAra upayukta yuktioM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAmI zvetAmbara paramparA (vii) pUnaH prazamarati kI tattvArthasatra se tulanA karane para jo samAnatAe~ dRSTigata hotI haiM, unake AdhAra para use bhI umAsvAti kI kRti hone meM sandeha nahIM raha jaataa| usameM bhI muni ke vastra-pAtra Adi kA ullekha hone se yahI siddha hotA hai ki umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparA ke the| isa prakAra paM0 sukhalAlajI, kApaDiyAjI Adi zvetAmbara paraMparA ke vidvAn tattvArthasUtra, usake svopajJabhASya aura prazamarati kI ekakRtakatA siddha kara umAsvAti ko apanI paramparA kA batAte haiM / (viii) tattvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya zvetAmbara paramparA kA hai, isakA mahattvapUrNa pramANa yaha hai ki tattvArtha ke prAcIna zvetAmbara TokAkAra siddhasenagaNi aura haribhadra donoM hI unheM apanI paramararA kA mAnate haiM aura jahA~ unheM tattvArtha athavA usake bhASya kA Agama se virodha parilakSita hotA hai vahA~ usakA spaSTa nirdeza karate hue yA to ve Agama se usakA samanvaya sthApita karate haiM yA yaha mAna lete haiM ki yaha AcArya kI apanI paramparA hogo athavA kisI durvigdha ne bhASya kA yaha aMza vikRta kara diyA hai| siddhasenagaNi likhate haiM ki umAsvAti to vAcaka mukhya haiM, vAcaka to pUrvo ke jJAtA hote haiM, unhoMne aisA Agama virodhI kaise likha diyA, yahA~ avazya ho kisI durvigdha ne bhASya ko naSTa kara diyA hai| 1. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI-5, bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 17 / 2. vahI. bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 18 / / 3. nedaM pAramarSa pravacanAnusAri bhASyaM kiM tahiM pramattagItametat / vAcako hi pUrvavit kathamevaMvidhaM ArSavisaMvAdi nibadhnIyAt / sUtrAnavabodhAdupajAtAbhrAntinA kenApi racitametat / -tattvAdhigamasUtra bhASya 9/6

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 267 . siddhasena ke uparokta kathana se digambara paramparA ke vizruta vidvAn paM. nAthUrAmajo premI yahI niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki 'unake isa taraha ke vAkyoM se pratIta hotA hai ki ve bhASyakAra ko apane ho sampradAya kA samajhate haiM / ' yahA~ eka bAta spaSTa hai ki sabhI zvetAmbara vidvAnoM meM yaha mataikya hai ki tattvArtha aura usakA bhASya unakI apanI paramparA kA hai| jabaki tattvArthasUtra ke prAcIna digambara TIkAkAra mUla graMtha para vistata TIkAe~ likhakara bhI usa graMthakAra ke viSaya meM mauna sAdhe hue haiM jo isI tathya kA sUcaka hai ki yA to ve granthakAra ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM jAnate haiM yA usake bAre meM jAnate hae bhI isalie mauna raha jAte haiM ki vaha unakI apanI paramparA kA nahIM hai, ataH usakA ullekha hI kyoM kareM ? anyathA kyA kAraNa thA ki pUjyapAda devanandI aura akalaMka ne unakA kahIM smaraNa nahIM kiyA ? vAstavikatA yaha hai ki umAsvAti usa paramparA ke the jise zvetAmbara apano mAnate the aura jisase ve nikaTa rUpa meM jar3e hae the / digambaroM ne tattvArtha ko yApanIyoM se prApta kiyA thaa| yApanIya usI mUla dhArA se alaga hue the, ataH unhoMne grantha ko apanAkara bhI granthakAra ko mAnya nahIM kiyA / digambara AcAryoM ko isIlie kartA ke sambandha meM mauna sAdhanA pdd'aa| jahA~ taka sUtra, bhASya aura prazamarati ko ekakRtaka mAnane kA prazna hai, zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kA isa sambandha meM mataikya hai, kintu digambara vidvAn sUtra, bhASya, prazamarati ko ekakRtaka nahIM mAnate haiM unakI dRSTi meM bhASya aura prazamarati kisI zvetAmbara AcArya kI racanA hai jabaki tattvArtha kisI anya AcArya kI racanA hai, jo digambara thaa| ataH isa sambandha meM unake tarkoM kI samIkSA kara lenA bhI Avazyaka hai| kyA prazamarati prakaraNa aura tattvArtha bhASya bhinna kRtaka hai ? tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati prakaraNa ko bhinna kRtaka siddha karane ke lie digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne unameM milane vAle bahuta adhika sAmya kI upekSA karake unakI bhinnatA ke kucha udAharaNoM ko prastuta karake yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki unameM jo sAmya hai vaha to pUrva paramparA kI ekarUpatA ke kAraNa haiM kintu unameM jo vaiSamya hai vaha unakI bhinna kRtakatA ko sUcita karatA hai, ataH isa sambandha meM gambhIratA se vicAra kara lenA 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pR0 542 /

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268 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya Avazyaka hai| inake antara ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki (1) tatvArthabhASya aura prazamarati prakaraNa meM saMyama ke jo satraha bheda batAye gaye haiM ve saMkhyA kI daSTi se samAna hote hue bhI vivaraNa kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna haiN|' 'tattvArthabhASya' meM saMyama ke satraha bheda nimna haiM___yoganigrahaH saMyamaH / saH saptadazavidhaH / tadyathA pRthvIkAyika-saMyamaH, apkAyika-saMyamaH, tejaskAyika-saMyamaH vAyukAyika-saMyamaH, vanaspatikAyika-saMyamaH, dvIndriya-saMyama, trIndriya-saMyamaH, caturindriya-saMyamaH, paMcendriya-saMyamaH, prekSya-saMyamaH, upadeza-saMyamaH, apahRtya-saMyamaH, pramRjya-saMyamaH, kAya-saMyamaH, vAk-saMyamaH, manaHsaMyamaH, upakaraNa-saMyamaH, iti saMyamo dharmaHtattvArthabhASya 96 jabaki prazamarati meM saMyama ke satraha bheda nimna haiM-- paMcAsravAdviramaNaM paMcendriyanigrahazca kaSAyajayaH / daNDatrayaviratizceti saMyamaH saptadezabhedaH // -prazamarati kArikA 172 ina donoM meM mAtra pA~ca indriya vijaya aura tIna daNDa samAna haiM kintu zeSa nau nAma bhinna-bhinna haiN| isa AdhAra para zrImatI kusuma paToriyA Adi kA kahanA hai ki 'isase spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki ye donoM racanAe~ ekakRtaka nahIM haiM, unake kartA bhinna-bhinna haiM anyathA eka hI kartA isa prakAra kA bhinna-bhinna kathana apane ho granthoM meM nahIM krtaa| kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA eka bhrAnta dhAraNA para sthita hai / saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA donoM zailiyoM se vivecana karane vAlI paramparAe~ ati prAcIna haiM aura Agamika bhI hai, kyoMki inake ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| 'pravacanasAroddhAra' jo ki zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha hai| usameM donoM hI prakAra se saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA ullekha huA hai| usake dvAra 66 gAthA 555 meM pA~ca AzravoM se virati, pA~ca indriyoM para vijaya, cAra kaSAya kA tyAga aura tIna daNDa se virati aise saMyama ke satraha bheda batAye haiM jabaki usake dvAra 66 kI ho 556vIM gAthA meM pRthvIkAyAdi satraha prakAra ke saMyamoM kA ullekha huA hai| pA~ca Azrava dvAra Adi ke AdhAra para saMyama ke satraha bheda karane vAlI pravacanasAroddhAra kI nimna gAthA 'prazamarati' ke anurUpa hai : 'paMcAsavA viramaNaM paMcendiya niggaho kasAya jo| daNDattayassa viraI sattarasahA saMjamo hoi / ' -pravacanasAroddhAra 66555 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya,-DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, pR0 119-120 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 269. jabaki pRthvIkAya Adi saMyama ke satraha bheda karane vAlI pravacanasAroddhAra ko nimna gAthAe~ 'samavAyAMga' aura 'tattvArthabhASya' ke vivaraNa ke anurUpa haiM puDhavi daga agaNi mArUya vaNasrAi bi ti cau paNidiajjIvA / pehu gheha pamajjaNa pariThavaNa aNo vaI kaae|| -pravacanasAroddhAra 661556 na kevala zvetAmbara paramparA meM apitu yApanIya paramparA meM bhI Agamika AdhAra para saMyama ke donoM zailiyoM se satraha bheda karane kI paramparA pracalita rahI hai| yApanIya graMtha bhagavatIArAdhanA meM gAthA 416-17 meM jo saMyama ke satraha bheda kiye gaye haiM ve zvetAmbara mAnya 'samavAyAMga' ke 17veM samavAya ke anurUpa hI haiN| jabaki usI paramparA ke pratikramaNa meM 'sattarassavihisU asaMjamesa' kI vyAkhyA karate hue prabhAcandra ne usakI TIkA meM eka ora pRthvIkAya Adi saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora pA~ca Azrava Adi ke AdhAra para saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kI carcA karane vAlI nimna gAthA bhI prastuta kI hai 'paMcAsavehi viramaNaM paMcendiyaniggaho kasAya jayo tihi daNDehiM ya viradi sattArassa saMjayA bhnnidaa'|' pravacanasAroddhAra kI uparokta gAthA aura digambara pratikramaNa sUtra kI TIkA meM ullikhita yaha gAthA samAna hI hai aura 'prazamarati' prakaraNa kI 172vIM kArikA bho inakA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa mAtra hai / vastutaH saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kI donoM prakAra se vyAkhyA karane ko zailiyA~ Agamika aura prAcIna ho hai| jisakA anukaraNa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| vastutaH vargIkaraNa zailI kI yaha vividhatA prANI-saMyama aura indriya-saMyama ke AdhAra para sthita hai| jaba prabhAcandra jaise yApanIya paramparA ke mAnya vidvAn eka hI graMtha meM prakArAntara se saMyama ke donoM prakAra ke vargIkaraNoM kI carcA kara sakate haiM aura jaba zvetAmbara 'siddhasenasUri' pravacanasAroddhAra meM ina donoM hI prakAroM kA 1. pratikramaNa granthatrayI (prabhAcandra kI TIkA sahita ) saM0 paM. motIcanda gotamacanda koThArI, digambara jaina jinavANI jIrNoddhAra saMsthA kolhApura. pR0 49-50 /

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270 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ullekha karate haiM to umAsvAti ke dvArA do bhinna graMthoM meM saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA do bhinna dRSTiyoM se ullekha kiyA jAnA asambhava nahIM hai| isase donoM granthoM kA bhinna kRtaka honA siddha nahIM hotA hai| umAsvAti ne jahA~ apane vivaraNAtmaka gadya grantha 'tattvArthabhASya' meM prANo saMyama kI dRSTi se saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, vahIM 'prazamarati' meM indriya-saMyama kI dRSTi se saMyama ke satraha bhedoM ko carcA kii| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki donoM hI zailiyoM se saMyama ke satraha bheda karane kI yaha paramparA Agamika hai aura isIlie AgamoM ko mAnane vAlI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM meM milatI hai| digambara paramparA meM saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kI yaha carcA anupalabdha hai kyoMki na to pUjyapAda devanandi aura na akalaGka hI tattvArthaTIkA meM ina satraha bhedoM kA kahIM koI nirdeza karate haiN| jabaki yApanoya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA aura yApanIya pratikramaNa kI TIkA meM prabhAcandra spaSTa rUpa se isakA ullekha karate hai / ataH saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA do dRSTiyoM se vivecana karane vAlI paramparA, do bhinna-bhinna paramparAe~ na hokara eka hI Agamika paramparA . kA anusaraNa hai| ataH umAsvAti ke dvArA do bhinna granthoM meM do bhinna kintu apanI paramparA kI zailiyoM kA anusaraNa karanA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai| isase to yahI siddha hotA hai ki 'prazamarati' aura 'tattvArthabhASya' eka hI Agamika paramparA kI racanAe~ haiM aura unake kartA bhI eka hI haiN| ____(ii) 'tattvArthabhASya' aura 'prazamarati' ko bhinna kartRka siddha karane ke lie eka tarka yaha diyA jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM aura tattvArthabhASya meM jIvoM ke bhAvoM ke pA~ca prakAroM kA hI ullekha milatA hai (2 / 1) jaba ki 'prazamarati' kArikA 196-197 meM pA~ca prakAra ke bhAvoM kI carcA ke pazcAt chaThe 'sAnnipAtika' (SaSThazca sannipAtika) nAmaka chaThe bhAva kI bhI carcA karatI hai / ise vaiSamya kA saiddhAMtika udAharaNa batAkara yaha kahA gayA hai ki yadi ina donoM kA kartA eka hotA to ye saiddhAMtika viSamatAe~ unameM nahIM ho sakatI thii| aisI viSamatA to bhinna kartRka kRtiyoM meM hI sambhava hai|" 1. bhagavatIArAdhanA, gAthA 416-17 / 2. pratikramaNa granthatrayI (sampAdaka prakAzaka pUrvokta) pR0 49-50 / 3. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 119 / - 4. vahI, pR0 117 /

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tatvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 271 merI dRSTi meM yaha niSkarSa yuktipUrNa nahIM hai, prathama to yaha ki yaha saiddhAMtika vaiSamya na hokara mAtra saMkSipta aura vistRta vivecana kA pariNAma hai / tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke samAna prazamarati bhI mUla meM to pA~ca hI bhAva kI carcA karatI hai kintu jaba vaha unameM se pratyeka ke upabhedoM evaM unake sannipAtajanya upabhedoM kI carcA karatI hai to vaha kahatI hai ki chaTheM sAnnipAtika bhAva ke anya pandraha bheda bhI haiM / kintu yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki sAnnipAtika bhAva svataMtra bhAva na hokara, eka mizrita bhAva dazA hai, ataH usakA tattvArtha meM svatantra bhAdoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM ullekha nahIM honA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai / tattvArtha sUtra - zailo kA gadya graMtha hai, jabaki prazamarati vivecanAtmaka zailI meM likho gaI padyAtmaka racanA hai, ata: usameM adhika vistAra se carcA kI gii| saiddhAMtika vaiSamya to taba hotA, jaba unameM pA~ca bhAvoM meM koI antara hotA aura sAnnipAtika bhAva koI svataMtra bhAva hotA / sAnnipAtika zabda svayaM hI isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki yaha svataMtra bhAva nahIM hai / eka ho lekhaka jaba vistAra se koI carcA karatA hai to pUrva meM anukta aneka bAtoM kA ullekha karatA hai / punaH isa carcA meM yadi prazamarati prakaraNa, tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya se uttaravartI siddha ho to bhI usase usakI bhinnakRtakatA siddha nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki eka hI lekhaka jaba jIvana ke vividha caraNoM meM vividha racanAe~ likhatA hai aura unameM antara bhI hotA hai / (iii) prazamarati, tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya ko bhinna kRtaka siddha karane ke lie eka tarka yaha diyA jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane ke viSaya meM taTasthatA pradarzita kI gaI hai, jabaki prazamarati meM kAladravya ko samAna bhAva se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA likhatI haiM ki prazamarati prakaraNakAra ne chahoM dravyoM kA eka sAtha pratipAdana kiyA / tattvArthasUtra kI taraha prazamarati prakaraNa meM kAla ke viSaya meM apanI taTasthatA pradarzita nahIM kI hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki prazamarati prakaraNakAra chahoM dravyoM ke antargata kAladravya ko bhI svataMtra rUpa se svIkAra karate haiM ( dekheM kArikA 206 evaM 210) ' isa AdhAra para ve yaha phalita nikAlatI hai ki prazamarati prakaraNakAra aura tattvArthasUtrakAra bhinna-bhinna vyakti hai / 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, pR0 116 /

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272 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ___ yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya meM umAsvAti ne apanA pakSa prastuta nahIM kiyA hai-mAtra unhoMne jaina paramparA meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya kI mAnyatA ko lekara jo matabheda thA, usakA 'kAlazceke' sUtra meM bhI saMketa kiyA hai| kAla svataMtra dravya hai yA nahIM yaha carcA prAcInakAla se ho jaina paramparA meM pracalita rahI hai| pArzva aura unakI paramparA mAtra paMcAstikAya ko ho mAnate the,' kAla ko svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnate the, ve kAla ko jIva aura ajIva kI paryAya hI mAnate the| kintu mahAvIra ko paramparA meM kAla ko svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM mAnyatA mila cakI thii| svayaM uttarAdhyayana meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya. mAnakara usake lakSaNa kI carcA hai| yadi AgamoM meM hI donoM prakAra ke dRSTikoNa the, to AgamoM ke AdhAra para nirmita graMtha meM usakA saMketa karanA Avazyaka thaa| punaH tattvArtha kI racanA kA uddezya samagra jaina darzana ke pratinidhi grantha kI racanA karanA thA, tAki nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra, sAMkhyasUtra aura mImAMsAsUtra kI taraha jaina darzana kA bhI koI pratinidhi sUtra grantha ho| jaba ki prazamarati unakI apanI svataH racanA thii| ataH tattvArtha meM usa taTasthatA kA paricaya denA Avazyaka thA, jabaki prazamarati meM Avazyaka nahIM thaa| tattvArtha aura usake bhASya meM ve sampUrNa jaina darzana kI ora se koI bAta kaha rahe haiM, jabaki prazamarati meM apanI paramparA kI bAta kara rahe haiN| Aja bhI koI vidvAn jaba samagra jainadharma ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM koI bAta kahatA hai to usakI prastutIkaraNa kI zailI bhinna hotI hai aura jaba apanI sAmpradAyika mAnyatA kI bAta karatA hai to usakI zailo bhinna hotI hai| punaH yahA~ bhI saiddhAMtika matabheda nahIM hai kyoMki kahIM bhI umAsvAti ne yaha nahIM kahA hai ki maiM kAla ko svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnatA huuN| ve mAtra yaha kahate haiM ki kucha kAla ko bhI svataMtra dravya mAnate haiN| una kucha meM umAsvAti svayaM bhI ho sakate haiM / ataH isa AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA ko prazamarati ke kartA se bhinna mAnanA ucita nahIM 1. se jahA nAmate paMca asthikAyA Na kayAti NAsI jAva NiccA evAmeva loke'vi Na kayAti NAsI jAva Nicce |-isibhaasibaaii 3119 2. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA-pR0 213-214 3. dhammo ahammo AgAsaM kAlo puggala jantavo / esa logotti pannatto jiNehiM varadaMsihi ||-uttraadhyyn 287 4. 'vattaNAlakkhaNo kaalo|'-uttraadhyyn 28.10

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 273 hai| isa sandarbha meM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki umAsvAti ke kAla taka mahAvIra ke saMgha meM vilIna pApityoM kI paJcAstikAya ko dravya mAnane kI aura kAla ko svataMtra dravya nahIM mAnane kI paramparA kSINa ho rahI thI aura kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane kA pakSa majabUta hotA jA rahA thaa| vaha eka saMkramaNa kAla thA, ataH unake lie taTastha rUpa se usa viluptaprAyaH mAnyatA kA saMketa kara denA ho paryApta thA, use mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM thA / punaH ye donoM hI paramparAe~ Agamika haiM aura ve umAsvAti ko usI Agamika dhArA kA siddha karatI haiN| (iv) prazamarati ko tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA se bhinna kisI anya kI kRti batAne hetu digambara vidvAnoM dvArA eka tarka yaha bhI diyA jAtA hai ki basa aura sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa ko lekara bhI donoM meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai| jahA~ prazamarati meM jIva ke bhedoM kA vargIkaraNa karate hue pA~ca sthAvaroM kA vivecana hai vahA~ tattvArtha aura tattvArthabhASya meM tejaskAyika aura vAyukAyika jovoM ko asa kahA gayA hai, jabaki prazamarati ina donoM ko sthAvaroM meM vargIkRta karatI hai| suzrI kusuma paToriyA ke anusAra yaha eka saiddhAMtika matabheda hai aura eka hI kartA kI do bhinna kRtiyoM meM isa prakAra kA saiddhAMtika matabheda yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve bhinna kRtaka haiM / tattvArthasUtra ke kartA prazamarati ke kartA se bhinna hai aura ve unake uttaravartI haiM / merI dRSTise isa sandarbha meM vizeSa rUpa se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se Agamika mAnyatAoM kA gambhIra adhyayana kiye binA isa taraha kI bAteM karanA hAsyAspada lagatA hai| SaTjIvanikAyoM meM pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa ye SaT prakAra ke jIva Ate haiM kintu ina SaTjIvanikAyoM meM kauna sa hai aura kauna sthAvara ? isa prazna ko lekara prAcInakAla se hI jaina paramparA meM bhinna-bhinna dhAraNAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| yadyapi lagabhaga chaThI zatI se 1. kSityambuvahnipavanataravastrasAzca SaDbhedA |-prshmrti 192 / 2. tejovAyU dvIndiyAdayazca vasAH / tattvArtha 2 / 14 jJAtavya hai ki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM mAtra 'dvIndriyAdayazca trasAH' itanA pATha hai, usameM vAyu aura teja ko sUtra 2 / 13 meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai / 3. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, pR0 117 / 18

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274 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ina pA~coM ko sthAvara mAnA jAtA hai, kintu Agamika paramparA meM inake vargIkaraNa kI bhinna zailiyA~ rahI haiM aura usameM bhI aneka mata-matAntara rahe haiM / tattvArtha kA zvetAmbara paramparA kA bhASyamAnya pATha pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati-ina tIna ko sthAvara aura agni, vAyu tathA dvIndriya Adi ko basa nikAya meM vargIkRta karatA hai| tattvArtha aura tattvArthabhASya kA yaha pATha uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyAya meM upalabdha dRSTikoNa ke samAna hI hai| kintu AcArAMga se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki jahA~ AcArAMga meM agni ko sthAvara mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ tatvArtha meM use asa kahA gayA hai / AgamoM meM SaTnovanikAya ke vargIkaraNa kI aneka zailiyA~ pracalita rahI haiM aura unameM parivartana bhI hotA rahA hai| AcArAMga meM vAyu aura dvIndriya Adi ko basa mAnA gayA, kyoMki AcArAMgakAra vAyakAya kI vivecanA trasakAya ke pazcAt karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM agni ko usameM sammilita karake agni, vAyu aura dvIndriyAdi ko trasa kahA gayA hai, kintu dUsarI ora uttarAdhyayana ke 26veM adhyayana kI 31vIM gAthA meM tathA dazavakAlika ke cauthe adhyAya meM yadyapi trasa aura sthAvara kA spaSTa nAma-nirdeza nahIM hai, phira bhI unako vivecana zailI se aisA lagatA hai ki vahA~ pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ina pA~ca ko sthAvara hI mAnA gayA hogaa| kyoMki ina pA~coM kA ullekha karane ke bAda basa kA ullekha huA hai| SaTjIvanikAya ke vargIkaraNa ke ina donoM dRSTikoNoM meM dazavakAlika ko aura utarAdhyayana ke 26veM 1. tulanIya-tattvArtha 2013-14 tathA uttarAdhyayana 36 / 2. dekheM-AcArAMgasUtra prayama zruta skandha prathama adhyayana, uddezaka 6 evaM 7 / 3. puDhavI AujIvA ya taheva ya vaNassaI / iccee thAvarA tivihA tesiM bhee suNeha me // teU vAU ya boddhavvA urAlA ya tasA tahA / iccae tasA tivihA tesiM bhee suNeha me ||-uttraadhyyn 36 / 69, 107 . 4. puDhavI AukkAe teU vAU vanassai tasANa / paDilehaNaM Autto chaNhaM ArAhao hoi ||-uttraadhyyn 26 / 31 5. taM jahA puDhavikAiyA, AukAiyA, teukAiyA, vAukAiyA, vanassakAiyA, tasakAiyA / dazavakAlika, adhyAya 4 / 1 jJAtavya hai ki prazamarati kI sthiti dazavakAlika ke samAna hai /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 275 adhyayana kI sthiti prazamarati ke samAna hai, prazamarati bhI spaSTa rUpa se yaha to nahIM kahatI hai, ki kSitiAdi pA~ca sthAvara hai, kintu vaha ina pA~coM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt trasa kahakara jIva ke chaha bheda batAtI hai| jabaki uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyayana kI sthiti tattvArtha aura usake bhASya ke samAna hai| umAsvAti ne tattvArtha bhASya aura prazamarati donoM meM hI Agamika mAnyatAoM kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki unake kAla taka donoM hI mAnyatAeM pracalita rahI haiM aura kintu pA~ca ekendriya jIvoM ko sthAvara mAnane kI avadhAraNA dhIre-dhore sthira ho rahI thI, yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne prazamarati meM paMcasthAvaroM kI avadhAraNA kA uttarAdhyayana ke 26veM adhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika ke anurUpa hI vivecana kiyaa| jaba eka hI Agama meM donoM prakAra ke dRSTikoNa upalabdha haiM, to yaha Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai ki eka hI kartA kI do bhinna kRtiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa upalabdha ho jaayeN| yadyapi digambara paramparA ke sarvArtha-siddhimAnya pATha' meM aura paravartI sabhI digambara tattvArtha kI TIkAoM meM pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu, vanaspati ina pA~ca ko sthAvara mAnA gayA hai| kintu svayaM digambara paramparA meM hI kundakunda kA dRSTikoNa isase bhinna hai| kundakunda apane grantha paMcAstikAya meM apanA dRSTikoNa prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki pRthvI, apa, vAyu, agni aura vanaspati ye pA~ca ekendriya jIva haiN| ina ekendriya jIvoM meM tIna sthAvara zarIra se yukta haiM aura zeSa anila aura anala trasa zarIra se yukta haiN| yahA~ kundakunda kA dRSTikoNa bhI trasa evaM sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa meM zvetAmbara Agama aura zvetAmbara mAnya pATha ke samAna hai| kintu usI paMcAstikAya ko gAthA saMkhyA 113 meM unhoMne prazamarati ke samAna hI pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati kA eka sAtha vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| yadi kunda1. pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH / -tattvArtha (sarvArthasiddhi) 2013 2. puDhavI ya udagamagaNI vAuvaNatphadi jIva saMsidA kaayaa| daMti khalu moha bahulaM phAsaM bahugA vi te tesi / / titthAvarataNujogA aNilANala kAiyA ye| tesu tasA / maNapariNAma virahidA jIvA egeMdiyA NeyA // -paMcAstikAya 110-111 3. ede jIvaNikAyA paMcavihA puDhavikAiyAdIyA / _(mana) maNapariNAmavirahidA jIvA egeMdiyA bhaNiyA / / -paMcAstikAya 113

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276 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kunda ke eka hI grantha meM ye donoM dRSTikoNa eka sAtha upalabdha haiM to kyA yaha mAnA jAyegA ki paMcAstikAya do bhinna AcAryoM kI racanA hai yA vaha mAtra eka saMkalita grantha hai| prazamarati aura tattvArthamUla tathA tattvArtha bhASya meM jisa antara ko iMgita karake hamAre digambara vidvAn unheM do bhinna vyaktiyoM kI racanA siddha karate haiM, kyA ve apane usI tarka ke AdhAra para paMcastikAya ko do bhinna vyaktiyoM ko racanA mAnane ko taiyAra haiM ? vastutaH vargIkaraNa kI ye jo do zailiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM ve trasa evaM sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para nahIM hai apitu gatizIlatA aura indriya-saMkhyA ina do AdhAroM para hai / ataH ina donoM prakAra kI zailiyoM meM saiddhAntika virodha nahIM hai| jaba SaTjIvanikAya ko ekendriya aura dvIndriya Adi ke AdhAra para vargIkRta karanA hotA hai, to isa vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu aura vanaspati ko eka varga meM aura trasa ko dUsare varga meM rakhA jAtA hai| kintu jaba gatizIlatA kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, jo pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ko sthAvara aura agni, vAyu aura udAra-trasa ko trasa kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH ye donoM vargIkaraNa do bhinna dRSTikoNoM para AdhArita haiN| hamAre vidvAn vargIkaraNoM ke ina do dRSTikoNoM ko eka sAtha milAkara bhrAnti utpanna kara dete haiN| Agama yaga meM aindrika AdhAra se jaba vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA thA, to ina pA~coM ko ekendriya varga meM aura trasa ko ekendriyetara varga meM rakhA jAtA hai, kintu jaba gatizIlatA ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai taba pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ko agatizIla arthAt sthAvara meM dvIndriya Adi ko gatizIla mAnakara trasa meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| ataH vargIkaraNa ke isa prazna ko lekara jo digambara vidvAn tattvArtha aura usake bhASya tathA prazamarati ko bhinna kRtaka siddha karanA cAhate haiM, ve eka bhrAnta avadhAraNA ko khar3I karanA cAhate haiN| jisa tarka kA ve yahA~ bhinna kRtakatA siddha karane hetu upayoga karate haiM, jaba vahI tarka kundakunda ke prasaMga meM una para lAgU hotA hai taba ve asamaMjasa meM par3a jAte haiM / kyA paMcAstikAya kI do bhinna matoM ko prastuta karane vAlI ye gAthAyeM eka kRtaka nahIM hai ? kyA isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jAya ki sarvArthasiddhimAnya tattvArthasUtra kA pATha aura paMcAstikAya ke kartA eka hI sampradAya ke nahIM hai ? dUsare zabdoM meM kundakunda digambara paramparA ke

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 277 nahIM hai ? punaH prazamarati meM yaha zloka SaDjIvanikAya ko sUcita karane ke sandarbha meM AyA hai na kisa-sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa ke sandarbha meN| pUnaH yaha zloka uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika evaM paMcAstikAya meM bhI bhAva kI dRSTi samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| vastutaHprazamarati aura tattvArtha eka hI Agamika paramparA ke grantha hai| isa prakAra tattvArtha, usake bhASya aura prazamarati meM jo vaiSamya siddha karake unako pRthak batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, vaha nirAdhAra siddha ho jAtA hai| punaH tattvArtha aura prazamarati meM sAmyatA ke anekAneka udAharaNa paM0 sukhalAlajI kI bhUmikA se uddhata karake svayaM kUsUma paToriyA ne diye hI haiN|' ataH vidvAnoM ko una para bhI vicAra lenA caahie| unameM sabase mahattvapUrNa samAnatA yaha hai ki donoM meM zrAvaka ke vratoM ke nAma aura krama eka samAna hai| tattvArtha (7/15-17) meM inakA jo krama hai, vaha prazamarati (303-303 ) ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra donoM meM kAla kA lakSaNa samAna zabdAvalI meM diyA gayA hai| isa sAmya se to yahI siddha hotA hai ki tatvArtha, tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati eka hI vyakti kI racanAe~ haiN| unameM eka vyakti ke jIvana kI dRSTi se kAlakrama bheda aura vicAra bheda ho sakatA hai, kintu ve bhinna kRtaka kiso bhI avasthA meM nahIM ho sktii| vyAvahArika anubhava meM bhI hama yaha pAte haiM ki, 'eka hI vyakti ke jIvana meM, kAlakrama meM kucha mAnyatAe~ bilkula badala jAtI haiM, to yadi tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati meM kahIM kvacit mAnyatA bheda, jo ki vastutaH to nahIM hai, yadi dikhAI bhI par3e to isa AdhAra para yaha kalpanA kara lenA ki ve bhinna vyakti kI racanAe~ haiM, eka bhrAnta avadhAraNA hai / isI prasaMga meM kusuma paToriyA kA yaha kathana bhI vicAraNIya hai, "ina granthoM ke sUkSma antaH parIkSaNa se hameM to yahI avagata hotA hai ki prazamaratiprakaraNakAra ke samakSa tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya vidyamAna the| yaha isalie kaha sakate haiM ki prazamaratiprakaraNakAra ne pUrva kaviyoM dvArA racita prazamajananazAstrapaddhatiyoM ke AdhAra-grahaNa kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, isase ve nizcaya hI uttarakAlIna aura bhinna samayavartI haiN| isa sampUrNa vivecana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra pahale racA gayA aura usakA bhASya 1. dekheM-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 115-116 / -tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI

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278 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya usake bahuta kAla bAda racA gayA hai aura ina donoM kA AdhAra lekara prazamaratiprakaraNakAra ne apanI racanA prazamarati likhI hai|"1 ___isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to merA nivedana yaha hai ki prazamarati ke kartA ke samakSa tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya kI upasthiti se yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki ve bhinna kRtaka haiM athavA unake bIca kAlakrama kA lambA antarAla hai| jaba ye tInoM grantha eka hI lekhaka kI racanA hai aura usameM bhI prazamarati unakI bAda kI racanA ho to prazamarati meM tattvArtha aura usake bhASya kI upasthiti svAbhAvika ho hai / punaH tInoM granthoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM kA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai, jo yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve tInoM eka hI Agamika paramparA ke vyakti kI racanAe~ hai / ataH tattvArtha ke kartA ko digambara yA yApanIya mAnanA aura bhASya aura prazamarati ke kartA ko zvetAmbara kahanA ucita nahIM hai| bhASya aura prazamarati meM jo tathya haiM ve unake kartA ko zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA kA pUrvaja hI siddha karate haiN| tattvArtha, tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati meM yadi kiJcita mAnyatA bheda bhI ho to usase mAtra yahI phalita hotA hai ki umAsvAti kI jIvana ke uttarArdha meM kucha mAnyatAe~ badalI hai| yadyapi unameM aisA mAnyatA bheda nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| tattvArtha aura usake bhASya tathA prazamarati meM yadi kAla kA lambA antarAla hotA to unameM kahIM na kahIM kisI rUpa meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI jaise vikasita jaina siddhAntoM kA praveza ho jaataa| guNasthAna jaina sAdhanA aura jaina karma siddhAnta kA AdhArabhUta siddhAnta hai, jo pA~cavoM zatI ke lagabhaga astitva meM aayaa| tattvArthasUtra, tattvArthabhASya aura. prazamarati meM unakI anupasthiti se yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve samakAlIna racanAe~ haiM aura unake kAloM meM 20-30 varSa se adhika kA antara nahIM rahA hai| yadi digambara vidvAnoM ke anusAra ye sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI kI racanAe~ hotI to inameM saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna siddhAnta avazya A jAte / kyoMki pA~cavIM-chaTIM zatI ke bAda kI sabhI zvetAmbara-digambara tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM inakA ullekha hai / kyA tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya bhI bhinna kRtaka haiM ? digambara paramparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn paM0 phUlacanda jI, paM0 jugala 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 120 / :

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 279 kizora jI Adi sUtra aura bhASya meM virodha dikhAte hue yaha siddha karate haiM ki ve bhI bhinna kRtaka haiM / paM0 phUlacanda jI likhate haiM (i) "sAdhAraNata: kisI viSaya ko spaSTa karane, usakI sUcanA dene yA agale satra kI utthAnikA bA~dhane ke lie TIkAkAra Age ke yA pIche ke sUtra kA ullekha karate haiN| yaha paripATI sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya meM bhI vistArapUrvaka apanAI gaI hai| sAdhAraNataH ye TokAkAra kahIM pUre sUtra ko uddhRta karate haiM aura kahIM usake eka hisse ko| para jitane aMza ko uddhRta karate haiM vaha apane meM pUrA hotA hai| aisA vyatyaya kahIM bhI nahIM dikhAI detA ki kisI eka aMza ko uddhRta karate hue bhI ve usameM se samasita prArambha ke kisI pada ko chor3a dete hoN| aisI avasthA meM hama to yahI anumAna karate the ki ina donoM TIkA granthoM meM aisA uddharaNa zAyada hI milegA jisase inakI sthiti meM sandeha utpanna kiyA jA ske| isa dRSTi se hamane sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya kA bArIkI se paryAyalocana kiyA hai| kintu hameM yaha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki tatvArthabhASya meM eka sthala para aisA skhalana avazya huA hai jo isakI sthiti meM sandeha utpanna karatA hai / yaha skhalana adhyAya 1 sUtra 20 kA bhASya likhate samaya huA hai| __ matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ke viSaya kA pratipAdana karane vAlA sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtra isa prakAra hai ___ 'matizrutayonibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu / ' yahI sUtra tattvArthabhASya mAnyapATha meM isa rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai ___ 'matizrutayonibandhaH sarvadravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu / ' tattvArthabhASya meM sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtra pAThakI apekSA 'dravya' padake vizeSaNarUpa se 'sarva' pada adhika svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kintu jaba ve hI tattvArthabhASkAra isa sUtra ke uttarArdha ko adhyAya 1 sUtra 20 ke bhASya meM uddhRta karate haiM taba usakA rUpa sarvArthasiddhimAnya satrapATha le letA hai / yathA 'atrAha-matizrutayostulyaviSayatvaM vakSyati-'dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu' iti' kadAcit kahA jAya ki isa ullekha meM se lipikAra kI asAvadhAnI 1. dekheM-sarvArthasiddhi, paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI prastAvanA pR0 44-45 /

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280 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya vaza 'sarva' pada chUTa gayA hogA kintu yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki apanI TIkA meM siddhasenagaNi aura haribhadra ne bhI tattvArthabhASya ke isa aMza ko isI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| prazna yaha hai ki jaba tattvArthabhASyakAra ne ukta sUtra kA uttarArdha 'sarvadravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu' svIkAra kiyA, taba anyatra use uddhRta karate samaya ve usake 'sarva' pada ko kyoM chor3a ge| pada kA vismaraNa ho jAne se aisA huA hogA yaha bAta binA kAraNa ke kucha napI-tulo pratIta nahIM hotii| yaha to hama mAna lete haiM ki pramAdavaza yA jAna-bUjhakara unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA hogA, phira bhI yadi vismaraNa hone se hI yaha vyatyaya mAnA jAya to isakA koI kAraNa avazya honA caahie| hamArA to khyAla hai ki tattvArthabhASya likhate samaya unake sAmane sarvArthasiddhi mAnya satrapATha avazya rahA hai aura hamane kyA pATha svIkAra kiyA hai isakA vizeSa vicAra kiye binA unhoMne anAyAsa usake sAmane hone se sarvArthasiddhi mAnya sUtrapATha kA aMza yahA~ / uddhRta kara diyA hai / yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki adhyAya 1 sUtra 20 kA bhASya likhate samaya taka ve yaha nizcaya na kara sake hoM ki kyA isameM ''sarva' pada ko 'dravya' pada kA vizeSaNa banAnA Avazyaka hogA yA jo purAnA sUtrapATha hai use apane mUlarUpa meM hI rahane diyA jAya aura sambhava hai ki aisA kucha nizcaya na kara sakane ke kAraNa yahA~ unhoMne purAne pATha ko ho uddhata kara diyA ho| hama yaha to mAnate haiM ki tattvArthabhASya prArambha karane ke pahale hI ve tattvArthasUtra kA svarUpa nizcita kara cuke the phira bhI kisI khAsa sUtra ke viSaya meM zaMkAspada bane rahanA aura tattvArthabhASya likhate samaya usameM parivartana karanA sambhava hai| jo kucha bhI ho isa ullekha se itanA nizcaya karane ke lie to bala milatA hI hai ki tatvArthabhASya likhate samaya vAcaka umAsvAti ke sAmane sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtrapATha avazya honA caahie|" isa sambandha meM merA dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki apane hI grantha meM apane kisI sUtra ko uddhRta karate samaya yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki pUre hI sUtra ko uddhRta kiyA jAye / svayaM paM0 jI isI sandarbha meM pUrva meM yaha svIkAra kara cuke haiM ki "sAdhAraNataH ye TIkAkAra kahIM pUre sUtra ko uddhRta karate haiM aura kahIM usake eka hisse ko aisI sthiti meM uddhRta karate samaya yadi dravya ke pUrva sarva vizeSaNa ko uddhRta nahIM kiyA to, isase yaha nahIM kahAjA sakatA ki sUtrakAra svayaM hI TIkAkAra nahIM ho sktaa|" vizeSa bAta

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 281 yaha hai ki isa prasaMga meM bhASyakAra sarvaparyAyoM ke jJAna ke niSedha para bala denA cAhatA hai aura isalie dravya ke Age sarva pada ko uddhRta karanA use Avazyaka nahIM lagA hogA / punaH 'dravyeSu' pATha svataH bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga hone se usake sarva vizeSaNa ko yahA~ uddhRta karanA Avazyaka bhI nahIM thaa| ataH sarva pada kA ullekha honA yA na honA bahuta mahattvapUrNa tathya nahIM hai| punaH vismaraNa athavA lipikAra dvArA sarva pada ko chor3a denA bhI asambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki tattvArtha aura usake svopajJa bhASya ke kAla taka likhita graMthoM ke mAdhyama se adhyayana karavAne kI paramparA jainasaMgha meM nahIM thI, maukhika paramparA hI thii| ataH vismaraNa yA lipikAra kA doSa sambhava hai| yadi usa sarvArthasiddhi meM, jisake kAla taka likhane kI prathA prArambha ho cukI thI, Aja saikar3oM pAThabheda haiM, jinakA ullekha svayaM0 paM0 phalacandajI ne apanI sarvArthasiddhi kI prastAvanA meM pR0 1-7 meM kiyA hai, to tattvArtha aura usake svopajJa bhASya meM eka-do sthala para pAThabheda honA koI bahuta bar3I bAta nahIM hai ki jisake AdhAra para bhASya kI svopajJatA ko nakArA jA sake / punaH yaha bhI sambhava hai ki bhASyakAra ke kAla meM yaho pATha rahA ho aura bAda meM pariSkArita huA ho, kintu yaha kahanA to atyanta hI bacakAnA lagatA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi ke pAThoM ke AdhAra para bhASyamAnya pATha nizcita huA hai| __ jaba bhASya ke anekoM aMza sarvArthasiddhi meM mUla pATha ke rUpa meM athavA TIkA ke aMza meM pAye jAte haiM to yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhASyakAra ne sarvArthasiddhi se pATha uddhRta kiyA hogA? Azcarya to yaha hotA hai ki tattvArtha aura usake bhASya ko umAsvAti kI kRti mAnakara bhI yaha kahanA ki vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya likhate samaya sarvArthasiddhi mAnya sUtrapATha ko grahaNa kiyA hogaa| yadi tattvArthasUtra ke kartA vAcaka umAsvAti se bhinna koI AcArya yA AcArya gRddhapiccha the, to phira tattvArthasUtra ke digambara TIkAkAra pUjyapAda devanandI aura akalaMka ne unake nAma kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA ? apanI paramparA ke usa AcArya kA jisake grantha para TIkAkAra TIkA likha rahA hai, ullekha na kare, isase durbhAgyapUrNa bAta anya kyA ho sakatI hai ? kyoM bAda ke digambara AcAryoM ne abhilekhoM meM umAsvAti ko tattvArtha kA kartA mAnA / punaH yaha kalpanA karanA ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti aura tattvArthabhASya ke kartA umAsvAti do bhinna vyakti hai aura unameM prathama digambara aura dUsarA zvetAmbara hai ? yadi aisA hI hai to akalaMka jaise samartha AcArya ne bhASya ko kArikAoM

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282 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ko apane vArtika meM kyoM uddhRta kiyaa| durbhAgya se aisA saba soca hamAre paramparA ke vyAmoha aura sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA pratIka hai / hama apane sAmpradAyika vyAmohoM kI mohara usa AcArya para lagAnA cAhate haiM, jo ina sampradAyoM ke janma ke pUrva huA thaa| sampUrNa grantha meM mAtra eka pATha bheda pakar3a kara yaha kaha denA ki donoM eka AcArya kI kRti nahIM hai, durbhAgyapUrNa hI hai| maiM yaha pUchanA cAhatA hU~ ki kyA isa taraha ke anekoM pAThabheda digambara paramparA meM nahIM haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi aneka granthoM meM aura unakI TIkAoM meM bhI aise pAThabheda mila rahe haiM, jinako carcA svayaM paM. kailAzacaMda jI, paM0 nAthUrAmajo Adi digambara vidvAn bhI kara cuke haiM / anya granthoM ko bAta chor3ie-tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA kI purAnI mudrita pratiyoM meM aura vartamAna meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha se mudrita evaM svayaM paNDita phUlacandajI dvArA sampAdita prati meM hI eka-do nahIM mAtra prathama adhyAya meM hI pacAsa se adhika sthAnoM meM pAThabheda kA saMketa to svayaM paM0 jI ne kiyA hai aura yaha pAThabheda bho sAmAnya nahIM hai kahIM-kahIM to pUre ke pUre 8-10 vAkyoM kA antara hai| paM0 phalacandajI siddhAntazAstrI ne inake atirikta bhI isameM digambara paramparA ke anukUla nahIM baiThane vAle pAThoM ko pATha zuddhi ke nAma para kaise aura kyoM badalA hai, isa sambandha meM hama apanI ora se kucha na kahakara mAtra unakI sarvArthasiddhi kI bhUmikA ke pR0 1 se 7 dekhane kA nirdeza kareMge tAki pAThaka unake mantavya kA samyak prakAra se mUlyAM kana kara ske| ____ (ii) tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya meM antara spaSTa karate hue paM0. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra likhate haiM ki "sUtra aura bhASya jaba donoM eka hI AcArya kI kRti hoM taba unameM paraspara asaMgati, arthabheda, matabheda athavA kisI prakAra kA virodha na honA cAhiye aura yadi unameM kahIM para aisI asaMgati, bheda' athavA virodha pAyA jAtA hai to kahanA cAhie ki ve donoM eka hI AcAryako kRti nahIM haiM-unake kartA bhinna-bhinna haiaura isaliye sUtra kA vaha bhASya 'svopajJa' nahIM kahalA sktaa|" unake anusAra zvetAmbaroM ke tattvArthAdhigamasUtra aura usake bhASya meM aisI asaMgati, bheda athavA virodha pAyA jAtA hai| prathamataH zvetAmbarIya sUtrapATha meM prathama adhyAya kA 23vA~ satra nimna prakAra hai yathoktanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm /

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tatvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 283 isameM avadhijJAnake dvitIya bhedakA nAma 'yathoktanimittaH' diyA hai aura bhASya meM 'yathoktanimittaH kSayopazamanimitta ityarthaH' aisA likhakara 'yathoktanimitta' kA artha 'kSayopazamanimitta' batalAyA hai; parantu 'yathokta' kA artha 'kSayopazama' kisI taraha bho nahIM bntaa| 'yathokta' kA sarvasAdhAraNa artha hotA hai jaisA ki kahA gayA', parantu pUrvavartI kisI bhI sUtra meM 'kSayopazamanimitta' nAma se avadhijJAna ke bheda kA koI ullekha nahIM hai aura na kahIM 'kSayopazama' zabda kA hI prayoga AyA hai, jisase 'yathokta' ke sAtha usakI anuvRtti lagAI jA sktii| aisI hAlata meM 'kSayopazamanimitta' ke artha meM 'yathoktanimitta' kA prayoga sUtrasandarbha ke sAtha asaMgata jAna par3atA hai| isake sivAya, 'dvividho'vadhiH' isa 21veM sUtra ke bhASya meM likhA hai-'bhavapratyayaH kSayopazamanimittazca' aura isake dvArA avadhijJAna ke do bhedoM ke nAma kramazaH 'bhavapratyaya' aura 'kSayopazamanimitta' batalAye haiN| 22veM sUtra 'bhavapratyayo nArakadevAnAm' meM avadhijJAna ke prathama bheda kA varNana jaba bhASyanirdiSTa nAma ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai taba 23veM sUtra meM usake dvitIya bheda kA varNana bhI bhASyanirdiSTa nAma ke sAtha honA cAhiye thA aura taba usa sUtra kA rUpa hotA-"kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm", jaisA ki digambara sampradAya meM mAnya hai| parantu aisA nahIM hai, ataH ukta satra aura bhASya kI asaMgati spaSTa hai aura isaliye yaha kahanA hogA ki yA to 'yathoktanimittaH' pada kA prayoga hI galata hai aura yA isakA jo artha 'kSayopazamanimittaH' diyA hai vaha galata hai tathA 21veM sUtrake bhASyameM 'yathoktanimitta' nAma ko na dekara usake sthAna para 'kSayopazamanimitta' nAma kA denA bhI galata hai| donoM hI prakAra se sUtra aura bhASya ko pArasparika asaMgati meM koI antara mAlUma nahIM hotaa|" prastuta vivecana se AdaraNIya jugalakizora jI mUla aura bhASya meM jisa asaMgati ko dikhAnA cAhate haiM, vaha asaMgati to vahA~ kahIM parilakSita hI nahIM ho rahI hai-bhASya meM 'yathoktanimitta' ko spaSTa karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki 'yathokta nimitta' kA tAtparya kSayopazama rUpa nimitta haiN| sambhavataH yahA~ mukhtAra jI yaha mAnakara cala rahe haiM ki bhASyakAra ne yathokta zabda kA artha kSayopazama kiyA hai jo kisI prakAra se nahIM banatA 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza, paNDita jugalakizora jo mukhtAra pR0 126-27 /

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284 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai aura isIlie ve bhASya aura mUla meM asaMgati mAna rahe haiN| kintu yahA~ bhASyakAra ne 'yathokta' zabda kA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM karake mAtra 'nimitta' zabda ko spaSTa kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki nimitta kA tAtparya kSayopazama rUpa nimitta hai| yahA~ mukhtAra jI ne isa satya ko samajhate hue bhI eka bhrAnti khaDI karake yena kena prakAreNa bhASya aura mUla meM asaMgati dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yathokta nimitta kA pUrA spaSTIkaraNa hai-kSayopazama ke nimitta AgamoM meM jaisI tapa sAdhanA batAyI gayA hai vaisI tapa sAdhanA se prApta hone vAlA arthAt sAdhanA janya avadhi jJAna / yahA~ mukhtAra jI kahate haiM ki yadi mUla sUtra meM 'yathokta' kahA to usake pahale tattvArtha ke kisI pUrva sUtra meM usakA ullekha honA cAhie thaa| kintu hameM dhyAna rakhanA hai ki umAsvAti to Agamika paramparA ke hai, ataH unakI dRSTi meM yathokta kA artha hai-Agamokta / vastutaH jo paramparA Agama ko hI nahIM mAnatI ho, usako sUtra meM prayukta yathokta zabda kA vAstavika tAtparya kaise samajha meM AyegA ? isalie usane bhASya ke AdhAra para mUla meM hI pATha badala ddaalaa| caMki avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama to bhavapratyaya meM bhI hotA hai, ataH sUtra evaM bhASyakAra ne kSayopazama zabda ko mUla meM na rakhakara bhASya meM rakhA tAki yaha bhrAnti paidA na ho ki bhavapratyaya binA kSayopazama ke ho ho jAtA hai / kSayopazama to donoM meM hai| mala aura bhASya donoM meM saMgati kA paricAyaka jo mahattvapUrNa zabda hai vaha to 'nimitta' hai| usameM avadhijJAna ke do bheda hai-bhava-pratyaya aura nimitta janya aura yahA~ nimitta zabda kA artha prayatna yA tapa sAdhanA se hai / isalie 'yathokta nimitta'-isa sUtra kA tAtparya hai, kSayopazama hetu kI gaI Agamokta tapasAdhanA janya / bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya donoM ho avadhijJAna hote to haiM avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se hI kintu jahA~ prathama meM usa jJAna kI upalabdhi ke lie koI prayatna nahIM karanA hotA hai, vaha janmanA hotA hai vahIM dUsare ke lie prayatna yA sAdhanA karano hotI hai, ataH usI janma kI dRSTi se pahalA vipAka janya hai to dUsarA prayatna yA sAdhanA janya / isa prakAra bhASya meM 'yathokta' kA artha kSayopazama kiyA hI nahIM gayA hai ataH donoM meM asaMgati kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| yaha jAnakara duHkha hotA hai ki AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI isa spaSTa satya ko kyoM nahIM samajha pAye ? zAyada sampradAya kA vyAmoha hI isameM bAdhaka banA ho| punaH avadhijJAna se sambandhita ina donoM mUla sUtroM ke zvetAmbara bhASya mAnya aura digambara sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha ko dekheM to spaSTa ho jAtA

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tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 285 hai ki sarvArthasiddhikAra ne bhASya ke AdhAra para hI mUla pATha ko saMzodhita kiyA hai / cUMki bhASya meM 'nimitta' kI vyAkhyA 'kSayopazama nimitta' thI / ataH unhoMne 'yathokta', jisakA tAtparya Agamokta thA, ko mUlapATha meM se haTAkara usake sthAna para kSayopazama nimitta aisA bhASya pATha rakha diyaa| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya yA digambara paramparA meM jo pATha badale gaye haiM-- unakA AdhAra bhI bhASya hI rahA hai / anyathA yahA~ 'guNa pratyaya' pATha rakhA jA sakatA thA / punaH sarvArthasiddhi meM sudharA huA adhika spaSTa pATha honA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki vaha bhASya se paravartI hai / yadyapi isa sudhAre gaye pATha meM 'yathokta' zabda haTa jAne se eka bhrAnti janma letI hai, vaha yaha ki kyA bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke binA hotA hai ? vastutaH 'yathokta nimitta:' mUla pATha bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna se guNapratyaya avidhajJAna kA antara jitanI adhika gaharAI se karatA hai, vaisA 'kSayopazama nimittaH' pATha nahIM kara pAtA hai| isameM yathokta zabda se avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke liye jisa Agamokta tapa sAdhanA kA nirdeza hotA thA, vaha samApta ho gayA aura isa prakAra spaSTatA ke prayAsa meM punaH eka bhrAnti hI khar3I ho gaI / (iii) tatsvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM asaMgati dikhAkara unheM bhinna kartRka dikhAne ke prayatna meM AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI tIsarA tarka yaha dete hai ki --- - zve0 sUtrapATha ke chaThe adhyAya kA chaThA sUtra hai"indriyakaSAyA'vrata kriyAH paMcacatuH paMcapaMcaviMzatisaMkhyA: pUrvasya bhedAH / " digambara sUtrapATha meM isI ko naM0 5 para diyA hai / yaha sUtra zvetAmbarA - cArya haribhadra kI TIkA aura siddhasenagaNI kI TIkA meM bhI isI prakAra se diyA huA hai | zvetAmbaroM kI usa purAnI saTippaNa prati meM bhI isakA yahI rUpa hai, jisakA prathama paricaya anekAnta ke tRtIya varSa kI prathama kiraNa meM prakAzita huA hai / isa prAmANika sUtrapATha ke anusAra bhASya meM pahale indriya kA, tadanantara kaSAya kA aura phira avrata kA vyAkhyAna honA cAhiye thA, parantu aisA na hokara pahale 'avrata' kA aura avrata vAle tRtIya sthAna para indriya kA vyAkhyAna pAyA jAtA hai / yaha bhASyapaddhati ko dekhate sUtrakramollaMghana nAma kI eka asaMgati hai, jise siddhasenagaNI ne anya prakAra se dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, jaisA ki paM0 sukhalAlajI ke ukta

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286 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya tattvArthasUtra ko sUtrapATha se sambandha rakhane vAlI nimna TippaNI (pR0 132)se bhI pAyA jAtA hai :___"siddhasena ko sUtra aura bhASya kI asaMgati mAlUma huI hai aura unhoMne isako dUra karane kI koziza bhI kI hai|" __ parantu jAna par3atA hai paM0 sukhalAlajI ko siddhasena kA vaha prayatna ucita nahIM jhuMcA, aura isaliye unhoMne mUlasUtra meM usa sudhAra ko iSTa kiyA hai jo use bhASya ke anurUpa rUpa dekara 'avratakaSAyendriyakriyAH' pada se prArambha hone vAlA banAtA hai| isa taraha yadyapi sUtra aura bhASya kI ukta asaMgati ko kahIM-kahIM para sudhArA gayA hai, parantu sudhAra kA yaha kArya bAda kI kRti hone se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki sUtra aura bhASya meM ukta asaMgati nahIM thii| yahA~ para maiM itanA aura bhI batalA denA cAhatA hU~ ki zvetAmbarIya AgamAdi purAtana granthoM meM bhI sAmparAyika Asrava ke bhedoM kA nirdeza indriya, kaSAya, avrata yoga aura kriyA isa satra nirdiSTa krama se pAyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki upAdhyAya muni zrI AtmArAmajI dvArA 'tattvArthasUtra jainAgamasamanvaya' meM uddhRta sthAnAMgasUtra aura navatattvaprakaraNa ke nimna .vAkyoM se prakaTa hai : "paMcidiyA paNNattA""cattArikasAyA paNNattA""paMcaaviraya paNNattA" paMcavIsA kiriyA pnnnnttaa"|" -sthAnAMga sthAna 2, uddezya 1 sU0 60 (?) "iMdiyakasAyaavvayajogA paMca cau paMca tinni kmaa|" kiriyAo paNavIsaM imAo tAo aNukamaso // " -navatattvaprakaraNa isase ukta sudhAra vaise bhI samucita pratIta nahIM hotA, vaha Agama ke [viruddha par3hegA aura isa taraha eka asaMgati se bacane ke liye dUsarI asaMgati ko Amantrita karanA hogaa|"1 yaha satya hai ki 'indriyakaSAyA'vata kriyA' kI vivecanA meM bhASya meM krama-bheda hai / jahA~ sUtra meM indriya prathama aura avrata tRtIya sthAna para hai, 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra pR0 127-28 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 287 vahA~ bhASya meM avrata prathama aura indriya tIsare sthAna para hai, kintu yaha koI saiddhAntika asaMgati nahIM hai, vivecana meM krama kA antara hai| vismati se bhASya likhate samaya yaha antara A gayA hogaa| krama kA yaha antara bhASya karate samaya AyA ho yA pratilipi karate samaya huA ho hama Aja kucha bhI nahIM kaha sakate / yaha satya hai ki siddhasenagaNi ko jo prati milI usame yaha antara thaa| pUnaH bhASyakAra aura siddhasenagaNi meM bhI tIna-cAra sau varSa kA antara hai ataH aisI bhUla mukhAgra paramparA meM bhI ho sakatI hai kintu isa sabase yaha kahIM phalita nahIM hotA hai ki donoM meM saiddhAntika asaMgati hai| aisA krama bhaMga eka hI lekhaka kI do kRtiyoM meM bhI aneka bAra ho jAtA hai, ataH isa AdhAra para yaha kahanA anucita hogA ki bhASya svopajJa nahIM hai| punaH zvetAmbara mAnya mUlapATha kI Agama se jo saMgati hai jise svayaM mukhtAra jo dikhA rahe haiM, vaha yahI siddha karatI hai ki mUlapATha Agamika paramparA ke anurUpa hai aura svArthasiddhi, rAjavAtika aura zlokavArtika ke pATha svayaM bhASya ke krama ke AdhAra para sudhAre gaye haiM, ataH paravartI bhI haiN| yadi ve kramabhaMga ko bahuta bar3I asaMgati mAnate haiM, to phira saMkhyA bheda to mahAna asaMgati hogI / inhIM Asrava ke kAraNoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM hI hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ kundakunda samayasAra meM 'pramAda' ko chor3akara mAtra mithyAtva, avata, kaSAya aura yoga aise cAra kAraNa mAnate haiM, vahA~ tattvArtha mUla, sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, zlokavArtika, Adi sabhI pA~ca kAraNa mAnate haiN| kyA saMkhyA bheda kI isa asaMgati ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kundakunda aura sarvArthasiddhikAra eka hI paramparA ke nahIM ho sakate? vivecana meM krama kA vyatikrama yA saMkhyA bheda eka lekhaka kI kRti meM bhI sambhava hotA hai, ataH isa AdhAra para yaha kahanA ki bhASya svopajJa nahIM hai, eka durAgraha hI hogaa| (iv) AdaraNIya mukhtArajI tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya meM eka asaMgati yaha bhI dikhAte haiM ki cauthe adhyAya kA cauthA sUtra isa prakAra hai "indra-sAmAnika-trAyastriza-pAriSadyA''tmarakSa-lokapAlA-nIkaprakIrNakA-''bhiyogya-kilviSikAzcaikazaH / " isa sUtra meM pUrvasUtrake nirdezAnusAra devanikAyoM meM devoM ke daza bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / parantu bhASya meM 'tadyathA' zabda ke sAtha una bhedoM ko jo ginAyA hai usameM daza ke sthAna para nimna gyAraha bheda de diye haiM :

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288 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya "tadyathA, indrAH sAmAnikAH trAyastrizAH pAriSadyAH AtmarakSAH lokapAlAH anIkAdhipatayaH anIkAni prakIrNakAH AbhiyogyAH kilviSikAzceti / " ___isa bhASya meM 'anIkAdhipatayaH' nAma kA jo nayA bheda diyA hai vaha sUtrasaMgata nahIM hai / isI se siddhasenagaNI bhI likhate haiM ki___ "sUtre cAnIkAnyevopAttAni sUriNA nAnIkAdhipatayaH, bhASye punarupanyastAH / " arthAt-sUtra meM to AcArya ne anIkoM kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai anIkAdhipatiyoM kA nhiiN| bhASya meM usakA punaH upanyAsa kiyA gayA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki isase sUtra aura bhASya meM jo virodha AtA hai, usase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / siddhasenagaNI ne isa virodha kA kucha parimArjana karane ke liye jo yaha kalpanA kI hai ki bhASyakAra ne anIkoM aura anIkAdhipatiyoM ke ekatva kA vicAra karake aisA bhASya kara diyA jAna par3atA hai, vaha Thoka mAlama nahIM hotI; kyoMki anIkoM aura anIkAdhipatiyoM kI ekatA kA vaisA vicAra yadi bhASyakAra ke dhyAna meM hotA to vaha anIkoM aura anIkAdhipatiyoM ke liye alaga-alaga padoM kA prayoga karake saMkhyAbheda ko utpanna na krtaa| bhASya meM to donoM kA svarUpa bhI alagaalaga diyA gayA hai jo donoM kI bhinnatA kA dyotana karatA hai / yoM to deva aura devAdhipati (indra) yadi eka hoM to phira 'indra' kA alaga bheda karanA bhI vyartha ThaharatA hai| parantu daza bhedoM meM indra kI alaga gaNanA kI gaI hai, isase ukta kalpanA ThIka mAlUma nahIM hotii| siddhasenagaNi bhI apanI isa kalpanA para dRr3ha mAlUma nahIM hote, isI se unhoMne Age calakara likha diyA hai-"anyathA vA dazasaMkhyA bhiveta'-athavA yadi aisA nahIM hai to daza kI saMkhyA kA virodha AtA hai"| ___ yahA~ AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI anIka (sainika) aura anokAdhipati meM bheda dikhAkara yaha siddha karanA cAhate haiM ki jahA~ mUlasUtra meM deva pariSad ke dasa prakAra dikhAye haiM, vahA~ bhASya meM anIka (sainika) aura anIkAdhipati ko alaga-alaga mAnane para gyAraha bheda ho jAte haiN| mukhtAra jI kA eka tarka yaha bhI hai ki jisa prakAra indra (deva-adhipati) aura devoM meM 1. "tadekatvamevAnokAnIkAdhipatyoH paricintya vivRtameva bhASyakAreNa / " 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR0 128-29

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 289 bheda hai, usI prakAra anIkAdhipati aura anIka meM bheda hai aura yaha bheda mAna lene para sUtra aura bhASya kI devapariSad kI saMkhyA meM antara A jAtA hai| jaba sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra eka ho hai to yaha antara honA nahIM cAhiye" / sarvaprathama to hamArI samajha meM yaha nahIM AtA ki mUla meM anIka aura bhASya meM anIka evaM anIkAdhipati aisA bheda hone para kauna-sI bahuta bar3I asaMgati ho jAtI hai| koI bhI vyAkhyAkAra vyAkhyA meM kisI bheda ke upabheda kI carcA to kara ho sakatA hai| puna: kyA isa prakAra bheda aura upabhedoM kI carcA digambara vyAkhyAkAroM ne nahIM kI hai ? jaba ve nikSepa kI carcA karate haiM to kyA sthApanA ke sAkAra-sthApanA aura anAkArasthApanA aise do bheda nahIM karate haiM ? aura koI Agraha pUrvaka yaha kahe ki sAkAra aura anAkAra aisI do sthApanA hone se vyAkhyA meM nikSepa ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye hai ataH vyAkhyA aura mUla meM asaMgati hai ? aise to eka do nahIM saikar3oM asaMgatiyA~ kisI bhI mUlagrantha aura usake bhASya yA TokA meM dikhAI jA sakatI hai| vAstava meM anoka (sainika) ke bhASya meM anIka sainika) aura anIkAdhipati (senApati) aise do bheda karane se na to devapariSad kI dasa saMkhyA meM koI abhivRddhi hotI hai aura na bhASya aura mUla meM koI asaMgati hI AtI hai| anIka aura anIkAdhipati kA bheda rAjA aura prajA ke bheda se bhinna hai-rAjA prajA nahIM hotA hai, svAmI sevaka nahIM hotA hai kintu senApati anivArya rUpa se sainika hotA hI hai-ataH mukhtAra jI ne apane mata kI puSTi hetu jo udAharaNa diyA hai vaha svataH hI asaMgata hai| aise asaMgata udAharaNa dekara to kaho bho asaMgati dikhAI jA sakatI hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki senA kA koI bhI adhikArI sainika hotA hI hai| ata: mukhtAra jI dvArA dikhAI gaI yaha asaMgati nirasta ho jAtI hai| pUna: yadi ve kahe ki indra bhI to deva hotA hai aura jaba usakI gaNanA to alaga se kI gaI hai to phira senApati kI sainika se alaga parigaNanA karanA cAhiye, to hamArA uttara yaha hai ki yaha devapariSad ke prakAroM kI carcA hai-isaliye indra aura usakI pariSad ke sAmAnika Adi devoM ko alaga ginA gayA / uso pariSad kA eka aMga hai-sainika deva (anIka) / jaba deva senA ke aMgoM kI carcA karanA ho to sainika evaM senApati Adi kI alaga-alaga gaNanA karanA caahiye| vaise to sainika devoM ke varga meM senApati svataH ho samAhita hai ataH anIka aura anIkAdhipati ko alaga-alaga mAnakara mUla aura bhASya meM asaMgati dikhAnA anucita hai|

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290 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya (v) punaH tattvArtha ke zvetAmbaramAnya mUla pATha aura usake bhASya meM asaMgati dikhAte hue AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI likhate haiM ki "zve0 sUtrapAThake cauthe adhyAya kA 26vA~ sUtra nimna prakAra hai* "sArasvatAdityabanhyaruNagardatoyatuSitAvyAbAdhamaruto'riSTAzca / " isameM lokatAntika devoMke sArasvata, Aditya, vahni, aruNa, gardatoya, tuSita, avyAbAdha, maruta aura ariSTaH aise nava bheda batalAye haiM, parantu bhASyakAra ne pUrva sUtrake bhASya meM aura isa sUtra ke bhASya meM bho lokAntika devoM ke bheda ATha hI batalAye haiM aura unheM pUrvAdi ATha dizA-vidizAoM meM sthita sUcita kiyA hai; jaisA ki donoM sUtroMke nimna bhASyoM meM prakaTa hai : "brahmalokaM parivRtyASTAsu dikSu aSTakikalpA bhavanti / tadyathA-" "ete sArasvatAdayo'STavidhA devA brahmalokanya pUrvAttarAdiSu dikSa pradakSiNaM bhavanti yathAsaMkhyam / " isase sUtra aura bhASyakA bheda spaSTa hai| siddhasenagaNI aura paM0 sukhalAlajI ne bhI isa bheda ko svIkAra kiyA hai, jaisA ki unake nimnavAkyoM se prakaTa hai "nanvevamete navabhedA bhavanti, bhASyakRtA cASTavidhA iti mudritaaH|" "ina do sUtroM ke mUlabhASya meM lokAntika devoMke ATha hI bheda batalAye haiM, nava nhiiN|" isa viSaya meM siddhasenagaNI to yaha kahakara chuTTI pA gaye haiM ki lokAnta meM rahane vAloM ke ye ATha bheda jo bhASyakAra sUri ne aMgIkAra kiye haiM ve riSTavimAna ke prastAra meM rahanevAloM kI apekSA navabhedarUpa ho jAte haiM, Agama meM bhI nava bheda kahe haiM, isameM koI doSa nahIM paranta mala sUtra meM jaba svayaM sUtrakAra ne nava bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai taba apane hI bhASya meM unhoMne nava bhedoM kA ullekha na karake ATha bhedoM kA hI ullekha kyoM kiyA hai, isakA ve koI mAkUla ( yuktiyukta ) vajaha nahIM batalA ske| iso se paM0 sukhalAlajo ko usa prakAra se kahakara chuTTI pA lenA ucita nahIM UMcA aura isaliye unhoMne bhASya ko svopajJatA meM bAdhA na 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, pR0 128-29 / 2. 'ucyate-lokAntavartinaH eteSTabhedAH sUriNopAttAH riSTavimAnaprastAravarti bhinavadhA bhavantItyadoSaH / Agame tu navadhavAdhItA iti / "

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 291 par3ane dene ke khayAla se yaha kaha diyA hai ki-"yahA~ mUla sUtra meM 'maruto' pATha pIche se prakSipta huA hai|" parantu isake liye ve koI pramANa upasthita nahIM kara sake / jaba prAcIna se prAcIna zvetAmbarIya TIkA meM 'maruto' pATha svIkRta kiyA gayA hai taba use yoM hI digambara pATha ko bAta ko lekara prakSipta nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sUtra tathA bhASya ke ina cAra namUnoM aura unake ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki sUtra aura bhASya donoM eka hI AcArya kI kRti nahIM hai aura isaliye zve0 bhASya ko 'svopajJa' nahIM kahA jA sktaa|" ___ isa carcA meM jo asaMgati AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI dikhA rahe haiM vaha yaha hai ki bhASyamAnya mUla sUtra meM lokAMtika devoM ke nau prakAra ullekhita hai jabaki bhASya mAtra ATha prakAroM kI carcA karatA hai| pU0 siddhasenagaNi aura paM0 sukhalAla jI donoM ne isa saMkhyAgata bhinnatA kA nirdeza kiyA kiyA hai| kintu isase yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ki bhASya svopajJa nahIM ayuktisaMgata hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki bhASyakAra ke samakSa jo mUla pATha rahA hogA usameM to ATha ho prakAroM kA ullekha rahA hogA-anyathA ve bhASya meM ATha ko saMkhyA kA nirdeza hI kyoM karate ? jaisI ki paM0 sukhalAla jo ne kalpanA kI hai, bAda meM kisI zvetAmbara AcArya ne mUlapATha ko samavAyAMga se saMgati dikhAne hetu usameM maruta ko jor3akara yaha saMkhyA nau kara do| jaba yApanIya aura digambara AcAryoM ne aneka pATha badala DAle, to kisI paravartI zvetAmbara AcArya ne kahIM eka nAma prakSipta kara diyA to mUla evaM bhASya meM bahuta bar3o asaMgati ho gaI-yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaba bhASyakara ke samakSa mUlapATha meM ATha hI nAma the, to phira asaMgati kahA~ huI ? bhASyakAra ne to kisI eka sthala para bhI mUla pATha se apanI asaMgati kI carcA nahIM ko / jabaki siddhasena gaNi ne jahA~ bhI mUlapATha athavA Agama se bhASya meM koI bhinnatA dikhAI do, usako carcA kI hai| jo prAcIna zvetAmbara AcAryoM ko bauddhika ImAnadArI ko sUcita karatA haiN| punaH yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA cAhe ATha mAne yA nau mAne donoM hI Agama sammata hai| samavAyAMga donoM matoM kA nirdeza karatA hai| ATha kI saMkhyA bho Agama saMgata hai| ataH bhASya kI na to mUlapATha se aura na Agama se koI asaMgati hai| jo asaMgati AI hai vaha paravartI prakSepa ke kAraNa AI hai, yadyapi yaha prakSepa kaba huA

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292 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya aura kisane kiyA yaha kahanA kaThina hai--phira bhI siddhasenagaNi ko mUlaaura bhASya kI jo prati milI, usameM yaha prakSepa avazya thaa| yadyapi yaha prakSepa bhI Agama saMgata hai, Agama viruddha nahIM / lagatA hai ki zvetAmbaroM meM jaba lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA nau mAna lo gaI tabhI kisI ne bhASya kA vicAra kiye binA hI mUlapATha meM 'maruta' zabda prakSipta kara diyA hogaa| yaha prakSepa bhI lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI ke pUrva ho huA hogA kyoMki siddhasena gaNi usase avagata hai| Aja usa yuga kI koI bhI prati upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH usake pramANIkaraNa kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai| kintu bhASya evaM sarvArtha siddhi Adi meM jo pATha hai ve hI isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki yaha prakSepa huA hai| sarvArtha siddhi kA pATha saMzodhana kyoM ? hamAre digambara paramparA ke vidvAn pUrva paramparA ke yA usake dvArA mAnya granthoM yathA-tattvArtha, tattvArthabhASya, prazamarati aura Agama meM paraspara asaMgatiyA~ dikhAkara yaha siddha karanA cAhate hai ki unameM paraspara virodha hai, ataH ve bhinna kRtaka aura bhinna paramparA ke haiN| kintu unheM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki asaMgatiyA~ sarvatra hai| sarvArthasiddhi kI digambara paramparA meM kitanI asaMgatiyA~ aura kitane pAThabheda the, yaha saba hameM batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / svayaM paM0phUlacandajI kI prastAvanA hI isakA sabase baDA pramANa hai| ve likhate haiM-"vizeSa vAcana ke samaya mere dhyAna meM AyA ki sarvArtha siddhi meM aise kaI sthala haiM jinheM usakA mUla bhAga mAnane meM sandeha hotA hai| kintu jaba koI vAkya, vAkyAMza, pada yA padAMza lipikAra kI asAvadhAnI yA anya kAraNa se kisI grantha kA mUla bhAga bana. jAtA hai taba phira use binA AdhAra ke pRthak karane meM kAphI ar3acana kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki AcArya pUjyapAda ne tattvArtha sUtra prathama adhyAya ke nirdezasvAmitva' aura 'satsaMkhyA' ina do sUtroM kI vyAkhyA SaTkhaNDAgama ke AdhAra se kI hai| yahA~ kevala yaha dekhanA hai ki ina sUtroM kI vyAkhyA meM kahIM koI zithilatA to nahIM Ane pAI aura yadi zithilatA cihna dRSTigocara hote haiM to usakA kAraNa kyA hai ? 'nirdezasvAmitva'-sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate samaya AcArya pUjyapAda ne cAroM gatiyoM ke Azraya se samyagdarzana ke svAmI kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vahA~ tiyaciniyoM meM kSAyika samyagdarzana ke abhAva ke samarthana meM pUrva mudrita pratiyoM meM yaha vAkya upalabdha hai

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 293 'kuta ityukte manuSyaH karmabhUmija eva darzanamohakSapaNaprArambhako bhavati / kSapaNaprArambhakAlAtpUrva tiryakSu' baddhAyuSko'pi uttamabhogabhUmitirSakpuruSapvevotpadyate na tiryastroNAM; dravyavedastrINAM tAsAM kSAyikAsambhavAt / evaM 'tirazcAmapyaparyAptakAnAM kSAyopazamikaM jJayaM na paryAptakAnAm / ' yahA~ 'dravyavedastrINAM' yaha vAkya racanA Agama paripATI ke anukUla nahIM hai ataeva bhramotpAdaka bhI hai, kyoMki Agama meM tiryaJca, tiryaJcinI aura manuSya, manaSyino aise bheda karake vyavasthA ko gaI hai tathA ina saMjJAoM kA mUla AdhAra veda noSAya kA udaya batalAyA gayA hai| hamAre sAmane yaha prazna thA / hama bahuta kAla se isa vicAra meM the ki yaha vAkya grantha kA mUla bhAga hai yA kAlAntara meM usakA aMga banA hai| tAttvika vicAraNA se bAda bhI isake nirNaya kA mukhya AdhAra hastalikhita prAcIna pratiyA~ hI thIM / tadanusAra hamane uttara bhArata aura dakSiNa bhArata ko pratiyoM kA saMkalana kara zaMkAsthaloM kA mudrita pratiyoM se milAna karanA prArambha kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa hamAro dhAraNA sahI nikalI / yadyapi saba pratiyoM meM isa vAkya kA abhAva nahIM hai para unameM se kucha prAcIna pratiyA~ aisI bhI thIM jinameM yaha vAkya nahIM upalabdha hotA hai|" yaha 'dravyavedastrINAM' pATha paNDita jI ko vastutaH isaliye khaTakA ki Age calakara strI mukti niSedha ko avadhAraNA ke samarthana meM SaTkhaNDAgama ke manuSyanI zabda kI vyAkhyA meM usakA jo bhAva strI artha lAyA gayA hai, vaha isake virodha meM jAtA hai| dUsarA pakSa yahA~ yaha kaha sakatA thA ki sarvArthasiddhi meM to 'strI' kA artha dravya vda kiyA hai Apa bhAva strI kaise karate haiM / ataH paNDitajI ne mUlapATha meM se dravyaveda strI zabda hI purAno prati ke nAma para haTA diyA / yadyapi ve yaha nahIM batA sake ki yaha pATha kisa prati meM nahIM milatA hai / Age punaH paNDita jI likhate haiM "isI sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM dUsarA vAkya 'kSAyikaM punarbhAvavedenaiva' mudrita huA hai| yahA~ manuSyiniyoM ke prakaraNa se yaha vAkya AtA hai / batalAyA yaha gayA hai ki paryApta manuSyiniyoM ke hI tInoM samyagdarzanoM ko prApti sambhava hai, aparyApta manuSyiniyoM ke nhiiN|' nizcayataH manuSyinI ke kSAyika samyagdarzana bhAvaveda kI mukhyatA se hI kahA hai yaha dyotika karane ke lie isa vAkya ko sRSTi kI gaI hai| kintu yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki Agama meM 'manuSyinI' pada strIveda ke 1. sarvArthasiddhi saM0 paM0 phUlacandrajI prastAvanA pR0 1-7 /

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294 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya udayavAle manuSya gati jIva ke lie ho AtA hai / jo loka meM nArI, mahilA yA strI Adi zabdoM ke dvArA vyavahRta hotA hai, Agama ke anusAra manuSyanI zabda kA artha usase bhinna hai / aisI avasthA meM ukta vAkya ko mUla kA mAna lene para manuSyinI zabda ke do artha mAnane par3ate haiM / usakA artha to strI veda kA udayavAlA manuSya jIva hotA hI hai aura dUsarA artha mahilA mAnanA par3atA hai cAhe usake strI veda kA udaya ho yA na ho / aisI mahilA ko bhI jisake strI veda kA udaya hotA hai manuSyanI kahA jA sakatA hai aura usake kSAyika samyagdarzana kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha vAkya AyA hai, yadi yaha kahA jAya to isa kathana meM kucha bhI tathyAMza nahIM pratIta hotA, kyoMki jaisA ki hama pahale kaha Aye haiM ki Agama meM manuSyanI zabda bhAvaveda kI mukhyatA se hI prayukta huA hai, ataeva vaha kevala apane artha meM ho caritArtha hai / anya ApattiyoM kA vidhiniSedha karanA usakA kAma nahIM hai / " kintu bhAvaveda arthAt strI sambandhI kAmavAsanA vAlI strI meM kSAyika samyak darzana mAnanA paNDita jI ko kadApi iSTa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki yaha strI mukti kA sAdhaka banatA ataH paNDita jI ne yaha likhakara - 'hamane isa vAkya para bhI paryApta UhApoha kara saba pratiyoM meM isakA anusandhAna kiyA hai / pratiyoM ke milAna karane se jJAta huA ki yaha vAkya bhI saba pratiyoM meM nahIM upalabdha hotA / ' isa kathana se bhI apanA pIchA chur3A liyA aura bhI aise sabhI prasaMga jahA~ unheM AMtarika asaMgati yA paramparA se virodha parilakSita huA inhIM pATha bhedoM ke nAma para haTA diye / AdaraNIya paNDita jI ne usakI carcA apanI bhUmikA meM kI hai / pAThaka pRSTha 1 se 7 taka dekha sakate haiM / sarvArthasiddhi prathama saMskaraNa kallappA bharamappA niTave ne kolhApura se prakAzita kiyA thA / dUsarA saMskaraNa zrI motIcandra gotamacandra koThArI ne solApura se prakAzita kiyA hai / tIsarA saMskaraNa paM0 baMzodhara jI solApura vAloM ne sampAdita karake prakAzita kiyA hai / yadyapi paNDita phUlacanda jI spaSTataH yaha mAnate haiM ki anya saMskaraNoM kI apekSA yaha saMskaraNa adhika zuddha hai / phira bhI paM0 phUlacanda jI ko aneka sthaloM para pATha badalane par3e haiM - Akhira kyoM ? kevala apano mAnyatA se saMgati ke liye ? isa sambandha meM ve svayaM likhate haiM ki adhikatara hastalikhita pratiyoM meM yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki pIche se aneka sthaloM para viSayoM ko spaSTa karane lie anya granthoM ke zloka, gAthA, vAkyAMza yA svatantra TippaNiyA~ jor3a 1. paM0 phUlacanda jI kA yaha kathana svataH hI Atma virodhI hai /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 295 dI jAtI haiM aura kAlAntarameM ve grantha kA aGga bana jAtI haiM / sarvArthasiddhi meM yaha vyatyaya bahuta hI mAtrA meM huA hai| paMDita jI ne isa vyatyaya ko miTAne hetu kitanA parivartana kiyA hai, isa sambandha meM hama apanI ora se kucha na kahakara mAtra unake dvArA prastuta sUcI hI nIce de rahe haiMpR0 paM0 purAnI mudrita prati prastuta saMskaraNa 3 3 -vat / evaM vyastajJAnA- -vat vyastaM jJAnA6 1 svayaM pazyati dRzyeta'neneti pazyati dRzyate'nena 6 1 jJaptimAtraM jJAtimAtra 17 4 puruSAkArA puruSakArA18 1 -rthAnAmajovAnAMnAmA -rthAnAM nAmA19 1 -vidhinA nAmazabdA -vidhinA zabdA20 1 tattvaM pramANebhyo tattvaM pramANAmyAm 29 6 -nirdezaH / prazaMsA -nirdezaH / sa prazaMsA30 2 sNksseprucyH| apare sNksseprucyH| kecit vistara rucayaH / apare 34 1 dvividhA sAmAnyena tAvat dvividhA sAmAnyena vizeSeNa ca / sAmAnyena tAvat 44 5 -saMkhyeyabhAgaH -saMkhyeyA bhAgAH 49 7 -spRSTaH aSTau nava catu- spRSTaH aSTau catu50 3 -khyeyabhAgaH spRSTaH / saasaadn--khyembhaagH| asaMyata samyagdaSTibhiH lokasyAsaMkhyeyabhAgA aSTau nava caturdaza bhAgA vA dezonAH samyagmithyAdRSTayAdyanivRttibAdarAntAnAM sAmAnyoktaM sparzanam / asaMyata59 2 -khyeyaH kAlaH / vana -khyeyA lokaaH| vana64 11 -jJinAM mithyAdRSTe nA- -jJinAM nAnAM71 10 -bhyadhike / caturNA -bhyadhike / asaMyatasamyagdaSTayAdyapramattAntAnAM nAnAjovApekSayA nAstyantaram / ekajIvaM prati jghnyenaantmuhuurtH| utkarSeNa dve sAgaropamasahasra pUrvakoTIpRthaktverabhyadhike / caturNA

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296 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 83 7 -bhAgA asaMkhyeyA utsa- -bhAgo'saMkhyeyAsaMkhyeyA utsa88 7 -saMyatA saMkhye -saMyatA asaMkhye89 5 -bhAvaH / indriyaM prtyucyte| -bhAvaH / paJce paJcendriyAyekendriyAntA utta rottaraM bahavaH paJce89 7 -bhAvaH kAyaM pratyucyate / sarvata- -bhAvaH / trasa stejaH-kAyikA alpaaH| tato bahavaH pRthivii-kaayikaaH| tto'pypkaayikaaH| tato vaatkaayikaaH| sarvato'nanta guNA vana-spatavaH / trasa90 6 -dRSTyo'saMkhyeyaguNAH / mati- -dRSTayo'nantaguNAH vibhaMga jJAniSu sarvataH stokAH sAsAdanasamyagdRSTayaH / mithyA dRSTayo'saMkhyeyaguNAH / mati90 9 -yatAH saMkhye yatAH asaMkhye90 9 -STayaH saMkhye -STayaH asaMkhye5 -dRSTayo'saMkhye -dRSTayaH saMkhyeya91 12 -saMyatA saMkhye --saMyatA asaMkhye92 1 -dRSTayaH saMkhya -dRSTayo'saMkhye92 2 -dRSTayo'saMkhye -dRSTayaH saMkhye92 7 -yatAH saMkhye yatAH asaMkhye-yatAH saMkhye -yatAH asaMkhye92 10 -bahutvam / vipakSe ekaika- -bahutvam / saMjJA guNasthAnagrahaNAt / saMjJA93 11 -svamarthAnmanyate -svamartho manyate 94 1 aneneti tat anena tat 98 1 -lpAjJAnabhAvaH ajJAnanAzo -lpAjJAnanAzo 98 3 -dhigame anya -dhigame ca anya98 5 hetuH tatsvarUpa hetuH svasvarUpa100 1 -tyarthaH upamAnArthApatyAdInA -tyarthaH / uktasya mavAntarbhAvAduktasya 103 3 -jJAnamapi prati -jJAnamakSameva prati 104 1 evaM prasaktyA Aptasya evaM sati Aptasya

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: 107 2 107 4 110 1 * 111 6 saMjJAH / sama nAtivartata iti - rgataM karaNamityu patAketi / apetasya 111 7 113 7 bahuSu bahuvidheSvapi 117 3 dvitrisiktaH dvitryAdiSu - 1975 - 120 - 131 5 pratItyA vyu - 3 tAbhyAm / tayoH "134 10 nArUpeSviti - jJAnamavadhyajJAnaM 140 1 140 8 - pravaNaprayogo tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 297 saMjJAH / samanAtivartanta iti -rgataHkaraNamantaHkaraNamityu patAkA veti / avetasya bahuSvapi bahutvamasti bahuvidheSvapi dvitrAsikta : dvitrAdiSu pratItya vyu - tAbhyAM vizuddhayapratipAtA bhyAm / tayoH nArUpiSviti jJAnaM vibhaMgajJAnaM pravaNaH prayogo jJAtavya hai ki yaha bhI sampUrNa sUcI nahIM hai / isI adhyAya ke 'dravyaveda -strINAM Adi parivartita pAThoM kA bhI isameM samAveza nahIM hai / vastutaH paNDita phUlacandajI ne savArthasiddhi meM pAThAntara ke nAma para jo itanA adhika parivartana kara DAlA, hamArI dRSTi meM vaha mAtra pAThabheda se sambandhita hI nahIM hai, vaha to siddhAnta bheda se bhI sambandhita hai / unako jahA~ kahIM bhI savArthasiddhi ke pATha vartamAna digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA ke pratikUla lage, unhoMne ve sabhI pATha pAThazuddhi ke nAma para badala DAle / Agama meM dravyaveda kA tAtparya sadaiva ho ' strI-zarIra ( strI'liMga ) se aura bhAvabheda kA tAtparya strI sambandho kAmavAsanA ( strIveda ) se mAnA gayA thA, ataH sarvArthasiddhikAra ne manuSyanI kA artha dravyastrI kiyA / kintu aisA mAnya kara lene para SaTkhaNDAgama kI strImukti kI avadhAraNA kA niSedha karane hetu Age calakara usakI dhavalA TIkA meM jo bhAva strI kI carcA uThI hai-usase sarvArthasiddhi kA mantavya bhinna ho jAtA / ataH paNDita jI ne sarvArthasiddhi kA pATha hI badala DAlA / kyoMki yadi ve manuSyaNI kA tAtparya dravya-strI mAnate jaisA sarvArthasiddhikAra ne mAnA hai, to SaTkhaNDAgama ko dhavalA TIkA meM bhI manuSyaNI kA artha dravyastrI hI mAnanA hotA aura phira stro mukti niSedha kI digambara paramparA "kI avadhAraNA hI khaNDita ho jAtI / isa prakAra pUjyapAda jisa bhAvI

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298 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya samasyA ko nahIM dekha sake the, paNDita jI ne use dekha liyA aura apanI paramparA ko sudRr3ha karane hetu sarvArthasiddhi kA pATha badala ddaalaa| isI prakAra pAThabheda ke nAma para aneka sthaloM para unhoMne yA to 'a' jor3akara yA 'a' haTAkara pAThoM ko viparIta arthavAlA bhI banA diyA, kevala prathama adhyAya meM hI unhoMne aneka sthaloM para yaha upakrama kiyA hai| sabase adhika Azcarya to yaha hai ki paNDitajI ko jina-jina sthaloM para aisI zaMkAye uTho thoM una sabhI zaMkita sthaloM kA samAdhAna unheM kisI na kisI prati meM mila gayA / jo ki kisI bhI sthiti meM sambhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| pUnaH AdaraNoya paNDitajI ko spaSTarUpa se yaha bhaya thA ki koI unase yaha pUcha sakatA thA ki kauna sA zuddha pATha Apako kisa prati meM milA / isase bacane kA upAya bhI AdaraNIya paNDitajI ne DhUMr3ha nikaalaa| unhoMne golamola uttara diyA aura phira kaha diyA ki prati paricaya kho gayA / pratyeka zaMkita sthala para paNDitajI kA uttara hotA hai "yadyapi saba pratiyoM meM isa vAkya kA abhAva nahIM hai, parantu unameM kucha prAcIna pratiyA~ aisI bhI thI jinameM yaha vAkya nahIM upalabdha hotA hai|" "isa vAkya para bho uhApoha kara saba pratiyoM meM anusaMdhAna kiyA hai| pratiyoM ke milAna karane para jJAta huA ki yaha vAkya bhI sabhI pratiyoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| lagabhaga sabhI jagaha isI prakAra ke uttara haiM / mAtra eka sthala para prati ke ullekha ke sAtha uttara diyaa| yadi eka sthala para prati ke ullekha sahita uttara diyA gayA, to anyatra kyoM nahIM diyA? anta meM paNDitajI ne apane pUre bacAva ke liye likha diyA--"sarvArthasiddhi ko sampAdita hokara prakAza meM Ane meM AvazyakatA se adhika samaya lagA hai| itane lambe kAla ke bhItara hameM aneka bAra gRha parivartana karanA par3A hai aura bhI kaI ar3acane AI haiN| isa kAraNa hama apane saba kAgajAta surakSita nahIM rakha sake"una kAgajAtoM meM prati paricaya bhI thaa| isIlie pratiyoM kA jo pUrA paricaya hamane likha rakhA thA vaha to isa samaya hamAre sAmane nahIM hai aura ve pratiyA~ bhI hamAre sAmane nahIM, jinake AdhAra. se hamane kArya kiyA thA / " jisa prakAra pUrva meM digambara vidvAnoM ne khaTkhaNDAgama ke apanI paramparA ke viparIta mUlapATha badala DAle the, yadyapi bAda meM dUsare saMskaraNa, 1. sarvArthasiddhi, saM0 50 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, prastAvanA pR0 7 / 2. vahI, pR0 7

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 299. meM unheM punaH sammilita karanA pdd'aa| usI prakAra kA kucha upakrama sarvArthasiddhi ke sambandha meM AdaraNIya paNDita phUlacanda jI dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra sarvArthasiddhi kI prAcona mudrita prati meM bhASya kA jo aMza thA vaha bhI kyoM nikAla diyA gayA yaha vicAraNIya hai| vicAra-vikAsa ko dRSTi se sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya kA pUrvAparatva zvetAmbara vidvAnoM vizeSarUpa se paM0 sukhalAlajI Adi ne tattvArtha kI digambara AcAryoM kI TokAoM meM upalabdha vaicArika vikAsa jaiseguNasthAna, saptabhaMgI, pramANacarcA, stromukti niSedha, kevalabhukti niSedha Adi ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki tattvArthabhASya ko apekSA ye sabhI TIkAe~ paravartI haiM, kyoMki ina sabhI meM eka vaicArika vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai| digambara vidvAnoM ke dvArA isa tathya kA koI spaSTa samAdhAna de pAnA to isalie sambhava nahIM thA, kyoMki ina TokA granthoM meM paga-paga para vaicArika vikAsa ke tathya parilakSita hote haiM / phira bhI yenakena prakAreNa sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA tattvArthabhASya meM artha vikAsa ko dikhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM paM0 phUla vandra jo siddhAntazAstro apanI sarvArthasiddhi kI bhUmikA meM likhate haiM ki "kahIM-kahIM vastuke vivecana meM tattvArthabhASya meM artha vikAsa ke spaSTa darzana hone se bhI ukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| udAharaNArtha-dasaveM adhyAya meM 'dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt' sUtra AtA hai| isake pahale yaha batalA Aye haiM ki mukta jIva amuka kAraNa se Upara lokake anta taka jAtA hai| prazna hotA hai ki vaha isake Age kyoM nahIM jAtA hai aura isI ke uttarasvarUpa isa sUtra kI racanA huI hai| kintu yadi TIkA ko chor3akara kevala sUtroMkA pATha kiyA jAya to yahA~ jAkara rukanA par3atA hai aura mana meM yaha zaMkA banI hI rahatI hai ki dharmAstikAya na hone se AcArya kyA batalAnA cAhate haiN| sUtrapATha ko yaha sthiti vAcaka umAsvAti ke dhyAna meM AI aura unhoMne isa sthiti ko sApha karane kI dRSTi se hI use sUtra na mAnakara bhASya kA aMga banAyA hai| yaha kriyA spaSTataH bAda meM kI gaI jAna par3atI hai| isI prakAra isI adhyAya ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya dUsare sUtra ko lojie| isake pahale mohanIya Adi karmoM ke abhAva se kevalajJAna kI utpatti kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / kintu inakA abhAva kyoM hotA hai isakA samucita uttara usa sUtra se nahIM milatA aura na hI sarvArthasiddhikAra isa prazna ko sparza karate haiN| kintu vAcaka umAsvAti ko yaha truTi khaTakatI hai / phalasvarUpa ye sarvArthasiddhi

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300 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mAnya 'bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH' isa sUtra ke pUrvArdha ko svataMtra aura uttarArdha ko svataMtra sUtra mAnakara isa kamI kI pUrti karate haiN| sarvArthasiddhi meM jaba ki isakA sambandha kevala 'kRtsnakarmavipramokSaH' pada ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai vahA~ vAcaka umAsvAti ise pUrvasUtra aura uttarasatra donoMke lie batalAte haiN|" isa prakAra paM0 phUlacandrajI sarvaprathama yaha dikhAnA cAhate haiM ki muktAtmA lokAgra se Age kyoM nahIM jAtA hai, isake samAdhAna hetu bhASya meM dharmAstikAyAbhAvavAt jo vyAkhyA AyI hai vaha bAda meM AyI hai aura unakI dRSTi meM to umAsvAti ne sarvArthasiddhi mAnyapATha ke AdhAra para hI ise grahaNa kiyA hai, phira bhI ise sUtra ke rUpa meM mAnakara bhASya kA aMga banAyA hai| isa carcA meM hameM dekhanA hogA ki artha-vikAsa yA vicAravikAsa kahA~ hai ? sarvaprathama to yadi hama isa sandarbha meM bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya mula pATha ko dekheM to spaSTa lagatA hai ki bhASyamAna mUlapATha meM to yaha sUtra hai hI nahIM, jabaki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM yaha sUtra hai / yadi umAsvAti ne ise sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha se liyA hotA to use mUlasUtra ho kyoM nahIM rakhA, bhASya meM ise kyoM le gaye ? sarvArthasiddhi meM vaha mUlasatra thA hI, phira unheM mUlasatra rakhane meM kyA Apatti thI? yaha nizcita satya hai ki kathana ko tArkika pUrNatA pradAna karane ke lie isa tathya kA ullekha honA Avazyaka thaa| kintu bhASyamAnya mUlapATha meM isakA abhAva hone se yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki bhASyamAnya pATha avikasita hai aura usakI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi mAnyapATha vikasita hai / kyoMki usameM ise mUlasatra kA hI aMga banA liyA gayA hai| punaH aneka sthaloM para hamane yaha dikhAyA hai ki bhASya ke aneka aMzoM ko sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM mUlasUtra banA liyA gayA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki bhASya ko dekhakara hI sarvArthasiddhikAra ne athavA usake pUrva tattvArthasUtra ke kisI yApanIya TIkAkAra ne mUla pATha ko saMzodhita kiyA hogaa| yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki aneka prasaMgoM meM bhASyamAna pATha kI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha adhika vikasita hai| sarvArthasiddhikAra ne na kevala bhASya ke usa aMza ko mUla ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA apitu usa para apanI vyAkhyA bhI likhI hai| yadi hama isI prasaMga meM dekheM to yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki bhASyamAnya mUlapATha kI apekSA bhASya meM kvacit artha vikAsa hai, kintu bhASyamAnya mUlapATha kI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya mUlapATha meM aura bhASya kI apekSA 1. dekhe-sarvArthasiddhi sa0 paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, bhUmikA pR0 45 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 301 sarvArthasiddhi meM spaSTa rUpa se eka-do nahIM zatAdhika sthaloM para artha vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| isa satya ko dekhate hue bhI yaha kahanA ki umAsvAti ne sarvArthasiddhi aura usake mAnya pATha ko lekara apanA bhASya banAyA, hamArI bauddhika ImAnadArI ke prati praznacihna ho khar3A kregaa| jaba sarvArthasiddhi meM bhASya ke aMza ko mUla pATha mAnakara usa para vyAkhyA likho jA rahI hai to yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhASya meM artha vikAsa haA hai ? punaHpaM0 phUlacandajo ne dasaveM ho adhyAya ke 'bandha"mokSaH' (sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 2) nAmaka satra ko lekara bhI artha vikAsa kI bAta kahI hai| sarvaprathama to hameM yaha spaSTa samajha lenA cAhie ki bhASyamAnya mUlapATha meM yaha satra do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai jabaki sarvArthasiddhi ke mAnya pATha meM ye donoM sUtra milAkara eka kara diye gaye haiN| ataH yadi mAtra sUtra ko dRSTi se dekhe to donoM meM kiMcit antara nahIM hai, eka sUtra ko do sUtra athavA do sUtra ko eka sUtra kara dene ko kabhI bhI artha vikAsa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jahA~ kucha prasaMgoM meM bhASyamAnya pATha meM sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha kA eka sUtra do sUtroM meM milatA hai vahIM adhikAMza prasaMgoM meM sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM bhI bhASyamAnya pATha ke eka sUtra ko do sUtroM meM dikhAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra satra vibhAjana yA sUtra saMkalana ke AdhAra para pUrvAparatva kA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jabataka ki anya koI Thosa pramANa na ho / yadi hama yaha mAneM ki ina do sUtroM ko eka mAnakara mokSa ko adhika susaMgata vyavasthA sambhava thI, to aisI sthiti meM yaha mAnanA hogA ki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha adhika susaMgata yA vikasita hai / punaH paM0 jI mAnate haiM ki 'bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm' sUtra kA sambandha umAsvAti ne pUrvasUtra aura uttarasUtra donoM se mAnA, isameM artha vikAsa kaise ho gayA, yaha hama samajha nahIM paate| koI bhI madhyavartI sUtra apane pUrvasUtra se aura apane uttara sUtra se sambandhita hotA hI hai / isameM artha vikAsa kI kalpanA kaise A gayI ? isa sUtra kA bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi TIkA donoM ko dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi adhika vikasita hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke isa satra kI vyAkhyA meM guNasthAna aura karma prakRtiyoM ke kSayopazama kI vistRta carcA hai jabaki bhASya meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| phira paM0 jI kisa AdhAra para yaha kahate haiM ki bhASya sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA vikasita hai| yadi bhASya vikasita hotA to usameM yahA~ gRNasthAna kI carcA honI thI, jaisI sarvArthasiddhi Adi TokAoM meM hai| sambhavataH hama apane sAmpradAyika

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- 302 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya abhinivezoM ke kAraNa yA to satya ko dekhate hI nahIM yA dekhakara bhI apane pakSa-pratipAdana hetu use daSTi se ojhala kara dete haiN| maiM pAThakoM se anurodha karU~gA ki dasaveM adhyAya ke dUsare aura tIsare sUtra ke bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi TIkA ke ina aMzoM ko dekhakara svayaM nirNaya kareM ki kauna vikasita hai ? sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA bhASya ko vikasita batAne ke lie pAMcaveM adhyAya ke kAla ke upakAra ke pratipAdaka sUtra kI bhI carcA paM0 jI ne kI hai| ve likhate haiM ki aisI hI eka bAta, jo vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai, pA~caveM adhyAya ke kAla ke upakAra ke pratipAdaka sUtra ke prasaMga se AtI hai| prakaraNa paratva aura aparatva kA hai| ye donoM kitane prakAra ke hote haiM isakA nirdeza sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya donoMmeM kiyA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM inake prakAra batalAte hue kahA hai-paratvAparatve kSetrakRte kAlakRte ca staH / kintu tattvArthabhASya meM ye do bheda to batalAye ho gaye haiM, sAtha hI vahA~ prazaMsAkRta paratvAparatva kA svatantra rUpa se aura grahaNa kiyA hai / vAcaka umAsvAti kahate haiM-paratvAparatve trividhe-prazaMsAkRte kSetrakRte kAlakRte iti / itanA hI nhiiN| hama dekhate haiM ki isa sambandhameM tattvArthavArtikakAra tattvArthabhASya kA hI anusaraNa karate haiN| unhoMne kAla ke upakAra ke pratipAdaka sUtra kA vyAkhyAna karate hue paratva aura aparatva ke ina tIna bhedoM kA ullekha ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai'kSetraprazaMsAkAlanimittAtparatvAparatvAnavadhAraNamiti cet ? na, kAlopakAraprakadaNAt' / ' ataeva kyA isase yaha anumAna karane meM sahAyatA nahIM milato ki - jisa prakAra isa udAharaNa se tattvArthabhASya tattvArthavAtikakArake sAmane thA isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai usI prakAra tatvArthabhASya sarvArthasiddhi ke bAda kI racanA hai isa kathana kI bhI puSTi hotI hai / yaha satya hai ki jahA~ vAcaka umAsvAti ne 'paratvAparatva' ke prazaMsAkRta, kSetrakRta aura kAlakRta aise tona bhAga mAne haiM vahA~ sarvArthasiddhi meM kevala paratvAparatva ke kSetrakRta aura kAlakRta aise do bhAgoM kI carcA huI hai, lekina yahA~ bhI yadi hama mUlabhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi ko sAmane rakhakara dekheM to hameM spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki sarvArthasiddhikAra ne paratvAparatva 1. dekheM-sarvArthasiddhi, saM0 10 phalacandajI bhUmikA pR0 45-46 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 303 ke na kevala kSetrakRta aura kAlakRta bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai apitu inakI ativistAra meM carcA bhI kI hai| vastutaH pUjyapAda ne paramArthakAla aura vyavahArakAla, bhUtakAla, vartamAnakAla aura bhaviSyakAla kI carcA to kI hai, apitu paramArtha kAla aura vyavahAra kAla meM unakI mukhyatA aura gauNatA ko bhI vistAra se carcA kI hai| yadi bheda carcA ko hI vikAsa kA AdhAra mAnA jAye to paMcama adhyAya ke niSkriyANica' (zve0 6/ diga0 7) meM utpAda ke do bhedoM kI carcA huI hai, jabaki bhASya meM aisI koI carcA nahIM hai / isase yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi bhASya kI apekSA vicAra aura bhASA donoM hI dRSTi se adhika vikasita hai| paratva aura aparatva ke bhedoM kI carcA meM kSetra aura kAla ke atirikta prazaMsA ko usakA eka bheda mAnanA athavA nahIM mAnanA yaha pUjyapAda kI apano vyaktigata ruci kA prazna bhI ho sakatA hai| sambhavataH pUjyapAda ne bhASya ke sammakha hote hae bhI use svIkAra nahIM kiyA ho, kintu Age akalaMka ne apane vArtika meM usakA anusaraNa kiyA ho / yadi vikAsa ko samajhanA hai to hameM vaicArika vikAsa ko daSTi se vividha tathyoM kA saMkalana karanA hogaa| nIce tulanAtmaka dRSTi se hama kucha tathya prastuta kara rahe hai jisa para 'vicAra karake pAThakoM ko yaha nirNaya karane meM suvidhA hogI ki vaicArika vikAsa kI dRSTi se kauna pUrva hai Ara kona pazcAt / sarvArthasiddhi ___tattvArthabhASya 1. sarvArthasiddhi meM guNasthAna 1. jabaki tattvArthabhASya meM guNa sthAna siddhAnta kA pUrNataH abhAva aura mArgaNA sthAna kA atyadhika hai, usameM prathama adhyAya ke 8veM sUtra vikasita aura vistRta vivaraNa kI vyAkhyA kevala do pRSThoM meM samApta ho gaI hai| mArgaNA ke rUpa meM mAtra upalabdha hai / sarvArthasiddhi ke prathama gati indriya kAya, yoga, kaSAya adhyayana ke 8veM sUtra ko vyAkhyA meM Adi kA nAmollekha hai, unake sambandha meM koI vistRta carcA nahIM lagabhaga sattara pRSThoM meM guNasthAna hai| sattara pRSThoM meM carcA karanevAlA aura mArgaNAsthAna ko carcA kI grantha vikasita hai yA mAtra do pRSThoM meM carcA karane vAlA vikasita hai pAThaka gaI hai| svayaM yaha vicAra kara leN|

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hai 304 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sarvArthasiddhi tattvArthabhASya 2. sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM 2. bhASyamAnya pATha meM prArambha sAta nayoM kA ullekha milatA hai| pA~ca nayoM kA ullekha karake phira unameM prathama aura antima ke do aura isameM nayoM kI yaha vyAkhyA lagabhaga tIna vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| isameM sAta pRSTha meM samApta huI hai| yaha vyAkhyA pA~ca pRSThoM hai / 3. aupazamika Adi bhAvoM kI 3. bhASya meM yaha vyAkhyA mAtra jo vyAkhyA sarvArthasiddhi meM upalabdha hai vaha lagabhaga tIna pRSThoM meM haiN| chaha paMktiyoM meM samApta ho gayI hai| 4. samyak cAritra ko savArtha- 4. bhASya meM mAtra eka paMkti meM siddhi meM lagabhaga eka pRSTha meM vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| vivecana karatA hai| 5. dvitIya adhyAya ke caturtha 5. isameM yaha mAtra do paMktiyoM satra kSAyika bhAva kI vyAkhyA laga lana meM hai| bhaga eka pRSTha meM hai| 6. sarvArthasiddhi meM strI-mukti 6. bhASya meM isa carcA kA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| pUrNataH abhAva hai| yaha carcA chaThI zatI ke pazcAt hI astitva meM AyI hai| 7. sarvAsiddhi meM paMcama adhyAya 7. tattvArthabhASya meM ina 21 ke prathama sUtra se ikkIsaveM sUtra taka sUtroM kI vyAkhyA mAtra chaH pRSThoM 21 sUtroM kI vyAkhyA 26 pRSThoM meM haiN| meM hai| 8. sarvArthasiddhi meM aneka 8. tattvArthabhASya meM isa zailI sthaloM para pUrva pakSa kI ora se zaMkA kA lagabhaga abhAva sA hai yaha zailI upasthita kara usakA samAdhAna kiyA khaNDana-maNDana yuga kI dena hai| gayA hai| bhASya meM usakI anupasthiti svataH hI usakI prAcInatA kA pramANa hai| 9. sarvArthasiddhi (1/19) meM 9. bhASya meM aprApyakAritA cakSu aura mana se vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM kI koI carcA hI nahIM hai| mAtra hotA hai isakI siddhi meM AprApya- tIna paMktiyoM meM vyAkhyA samApta ho kAritoM kA dArzanika siddhAnta gayI hai|

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 301 sarvArthasiddhi tattvArthabhASya varNita hai / usameM apane mata kI puSTi meM Avazyaka niyukti kI pA~cavIM gAthA bhI kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha uddhRta hai| yaha gAthA paMcasaMgraha (1/98) meM bhI upalabdha hai| jabaki bhASya meM ye vyAkhyAe~ isa prakAra do-cAra apavAdoM ko atyanta saMkSipta haiN| chor3akara sAmAnyataH sarvArthasiddhi meM hara sUtra kI vistRta vyAkhyAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| yahA~ hama adhika kucha na kahakara pAThakoM se itanA nivedana avazya / kareMge ki ve nirdezita aMzoM kA svayaM avalokana karake yaha nizcita kara leM ki kauna vikasita hai ? tattvArthabhASya kI svopajJatA evaM prAcInatA tattvArthabhASya ko digambara vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne na kevala svopajJa mAnA hai apitu use sarvArthasiddhi Adi sabhI digambara TIkAoM se prAcIna bhI mAnA hai / hama yahA~ unake kathana ko zabdazaH uddhRta kara rahe haiM__ "bhASya kI prazasti umAsvAti kA pUrA paricaya denevAlI aura vizvasta hai| isameM koI banAvaTa nahIM mAlUma hotI aura isase prakaTa hotA hai ki mUlasUtra ke kartA kA hI yaha bhASya hai| bhASya kI svopajJatA meM kucha logoM ko sandeha hai; parantu nIce likhI bAtoM para vicAra karane se vaha sandeha dUra ho jAtA hai 1. bhASya kI prArambhika kArikAoM meM aura anya aneka sthAnoM meM 'vakSmAmi' 'vakSyAmaH' Adi prathama puruSa kA nirdeza hai aura nirdeza meM kI gaI pratijJA ke anusAra hI bAda meM sUtroM meM kathana kiyA gayA hai| ataeva sUtra aura bhASya donoM ke kartA eka haiN| 2. sUtroM kA bhASya karane meM kahIM bhI khIMcAtAnI nahIM kI gii| sUtra kA artha karane meM bhI kahIM sandeha yA vikalpa nahIM kiyA gayA aura na 1. jJAtavya hai ki pR0 305 se lekara 311 taka kA yaha samagra aMza hamane paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ke 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' se yathAvat uddhRta kiyA hai aura isa hetu hama lekhaka aura prakAzaka ke abhArI haiM / 20

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306 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kisI dUsarI vyAkhyA yA TIkA kA khayAla rakhakara sUtrArtha kiyA gayA hai| bhASya meM kahIM kisI sUtra ke pATha-bheda kI carcA hai aura na sUtrakAra ke prati kahIM sammAna hI pradarzita hai| 3. bhASya ke prArambha kI 31 kArikAyeM mUla sUtra-racanA ke uddezya se aura mUla graMtha ko lakSya karake hI likhI gaI haiN| isI prakAra bhASyAnta kI prazasti bhI mUlasUtrakAra kI hai| bhASyakAra sUtrakAra se bhinna hote aura unake samakSa sUtrakAra kI kArikAyeM aura prazasti hotI, to ve svayaM bhASya ke prArambha meM aura anta meM maMgala aura prazasti ke rUpa meM kucha na kucha avazya likhate / isake sivAya ukta kArikAoM kI aura prazasti kI TIkA bhI krte|' bhASya kI prAcInatA 1. tatvArtha kI suprasiddha TokA tattvArthavArtika ke kartA akalaMkadeva vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdi ke haiM / ve isa bhASya se paricita the| kyoMki unhoMne apane grantha ke anta meM bhASyAnta kI 32 kArikAyeM 'uktaMca' kahakara uddhRta kI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, ukta kArikAoM ke sAtha kA bhASya kA gadyAMza bhI prAyaH jyoMkA tyoM de diyA hai| isake sivAya AThavIM 'dagdhe boje' Adi kArikA ko aura bhI eka jagaha-'uktaM ca' rUpa se uddhRta kiyA hai| 1. dekho, paM sukhalAlajIkRta hindI tattvArtha kI bhUmikA pR0 45-50 / 2. "tato vedanIyanAmagotraAyuSkakSayAtphalabandhananirmukto nirdagdhapUrvopAttendhano nirupAdAna ivAgniH pUrvopAttabhavaviyogAddhatvabhAvAccettarasyAprAdurbhAvAcchAntaH saMsArasukhamatItyAntyAntikamaikAntikaM nirupama niratizayaM nityaM nirvANamukhamavApnotIti / evaM tattvaparijJAnAdviraktasyAtmano bhRzaM"."-bhASya / "tataH zeSakarmakSayAbhAvabandhanimuktaH nirdagdhapUrvopAdanendhano nirupAdAna ivAgniH pUrvopAttabhavaviyogAddhatvabhAvAccottarasyAprAdurbhAtsAntasaMsArasukhamatItya AtyantikamaikAntikaM nirupama niratizayaM nirvANasukhamavApnotIti / tattvArthabhAvanAphalametat / uktaM ca-evaM tattvaparijJAnAdviraktasyAtmano bhRzaM."-rAjavArtika (bhAratIya jJAnapITha banArasa meM rAjavArtika kI jo tADapatra kI prati AI hai, usameM 'evaM tattvaparijJAnAdviraktasya' hI pATha haiM, chapI prati jaisA 'samyaktvajJAnacaritrasaMyuktasya' nhiiN| yaha pichalA pATha sampAdakoM dvArA amRtacandrasUri ke tattvArthasAra' ke anusAra banAyA gayA hai aura tattvArthasAra ko rAjavArtika kA pUrvavartI samajha liyA gayA hai jo ki bhrama hai|) 3. tattvArthavArtika (mudrita) pR0 361 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 307 2. tatvArthavArtika meM aneka jagaha bhASyamAnya sUtroM kA virodha kiyA hai aura bhASya ke mata kA bhI kaI jagaha khaNDana kiyA hai / 3 paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI aura paM0 mahendrakumAra jI nyAyAcArya bhI mAnate haiM ki akalaMkadeva bhASya se paricita the| DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jo zAstrI ema0 e0 ne bhI bhASya aura vArtika ke aneka uddharaNa dekara isa bAta ko siddha kiyA hai| 4 vIrasena ne apanI jayadhavalA TIkA zaka saMvat 738 (vi0 saM0 873 ) meM samApta kI hai| isameM bhI bhASyAntako ukta 32 kArikAyeM uddhRta haiN| isase bhI bhASyakI prAcInatA aura prasiddhi para prakAza par3atA 1. tRtIya adhyAya ke pahale bhASyasammata sUtra meM 'pRthutarA' pATha adhika hai / isako lakSya karake rAjavAtika ( pR0 113 ) meM kahA hai-"pRthutarA iti keSAMcitpAThaH / " cauthe adhyAya ke naveM sUtra meM 'dvayordvayoH' pada adhika hai / isa para rAjavAtika ( pR0 153 ) meM likhA hai--'dvayordvayoriti vacanAsiddhiriti cenna ArSavirodhAt / " isI taraha pAMcaveM adhyAya ke 363 sUtra 'bandhe. samAdhiko pAriNAmiko' ko lakSya karake pR0 242 meM likhA hai-"samA dhikAvityapareSAM pAThaH-sa pATho nopapadyate / kutaH, ArSavirodhAt / " 2. pAMcaveM adhyAya ke anta meM 'anAdirAdimAMzca' Adi tIna sUtra adhika hai| pR0 244 meM ina sUtroM ke mata kA khaMDana kiyA hai| isI taraha naveM adhyAya ke 37 veM sUtra meM 'apramatasaMyatasya' pATha adhika hai, usakA virodha karate hue pR0 354 meM likhA hai, "dhaya'mapramattasyeti cenna / pUrveSAM vinivRtta prasaMgAt / " 3. dekho, nyAyakumudacandra prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA pR0 71 / 4. dekho, anekAnta varSa 3, aMka 4-11 meM 'tattvArthAdhigamabhASya aura akalaMka', jaina siddhAntabhAskara varSa 8 aura 9 tathA jainasatyaprakAza varSa 6 aMka 4 meM tattvArthabhASya aura rAjavAtika meM zabdagata aura carcAgata sAmya tathA sUtra pAThasambandhI ullekha / ' 5. jayadhavalA meM bhASya kI jo ukta kArikAyeM udgha ta haiM, unake bAda jayadhavalA kAra kahate haiM-'evamettieNa pabaMdheNa NiyANaphalapajjavasANaM / ' isa vAkya ko dekhakara eka vidvAn ne ( anekAnta varSa 3, aMka 4 ) kalpanA kI thI ki pUrvAcArya kA yaha koI prAcIna prabandha rahA hogA jisa para se rAjavArtika meM bhI ve kArikAyeM uddhRta kI gaI hai| parantu, yaha 'ettieNa pabandheNa' pada jayadhavalA meM ukta prasaMga meM hI nahIM, aura bosoM jagaha AyA

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308: jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai| isake sivAya vIrasena umAsvati ke dUsare grantha 'prazamarati' se bhI paricita the| kyoMki unhoMne jayadhavalA ( pR0 369) meM 'atropayogI zlokaH' kahakara 'prazamaratikI 25 vI kArikA uddhRta kI hai| 5 amRtacandra ne apane tattvArthasAra ( padyabaddha tattvArthasUtra ) meM bhI bhASyako ukta kArikAoM meM se 30 kArikAe~ nambaroM ko kucha idhara udhara karake le lI haiM aura mudrita prati ke pAThapara yadi vizvAsa kiyA jAya to unhoMne unheM 'uktaM ca' na rahane dekara apane grantha kA hI aMza banA liyA hai / amRtacandra vikrama kI gyArahavIM sadI ke lagabhaga hae haiM aura ve bhI bhASya se yA usakI ukta kArikAoM se paricita the| 6 akalaMka aura vorasena ke samAna, unase bhI pahale ke pUjyapAda devanandi ke samakSa bhI tattvArthabhASya rahA hogA / yadyapi unhoMne sarvArthasiddhi meM kahIM bhASya kA virodha Adi nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI jaba hama bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi ko Amane sAmane rakhakara dekhate haiM taba donoM ke vAkya ke vAkya, pada ke pada eka se milate cale jAte haiM bhASya 1. samyagdarzanaM samyagjJAnaM samyakcAritramityeSa trividho mokSamArgaH / taM purastAllakSaNato vidhAnatazca vistareNopadekSyAmaH / zAstrAnupUrvI vinyAsArtha tuddezamAtramidamucyate / -1, 1 2. cakSuSA no indriyeNa ca vyaMjanAvagraho na bhavati / -1, 19 3. kASThapustacitrakarmAkSanikSepAdiSu sthApyate jIva iti sa sthApanAjIvaH / -1,5 4. nairgranthyaM prati prasthitAH zarIropakaraNavibhUSAnuvartina RddhiyazaskAmAH sAta gauravAzritA aviviktaparivArAzchedazabalayuktA nirgranthA bkushaaH| kuzIlA hai aura saba jagaha usase kevala yahI sUcita kiyA hai ki itane prabandha yA sUtrabhAga ke dvArA yA itane kathana se amuka viSaya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA / ukta 32 kArikAoM ke bAda Aye hue ukta pada kA yahI artha vahAM ThIka baiThatA hai, dUsarA koI artha nahIM ho sktaa| 1. tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti ke kartA siddhasena gaNine 'prazamarati' ko umAsvAti vAcaka kA hI mAnA hai-"yataH prazamaratI anenaivoktan" "vAcakena tvetadeva balasaMjJayA prazamaratau upAttam / " a0 5/6 tathA 9/6 kI bhASya-- vRtti| aura prazamarati kI 120 vIM kArikA 'AcArya Aha' kahakara zrIjinadAsa mahattara ne nizIthacUNi meM uddhRta kI hai aura jinadAsa mahattara. vikrama kI AThavIM sadI ke haiN|

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 309 dvividhAH pratisevanAkuzIlAH kaSAyakuzIlAzca / tatra pratisevanAkuzIlAH mairgranthaM prati prasthitA aniyatakriyAH kathaMciduttaraguNeSu virAdhayantazcaranti te pratisevanAkuzIlAH / yeSAM tu saMyatAnAM satAM kathaMcitsaMjvalanakaSAyA udIyante te kssaaykushiilaaH|-9, 48 5. liGga dvividhaM dravyaliGgaM bhAvaliGga ca / bhAvaliGga pratItya sarve paMcanirgranthA bhAvaliGge bhavanti dravyaliGga pratItya bhAjyAH / -9, 49 kaSAyakuzIlo dvayoH parihAravizuddhau sUkSmasAmparAye ca / nirgranthasnAtakAvekasmin yathAkhyAtasaMyame / zrutam-pulAkabakuzapratisevanAkuzIlA utkRSTanAbhinnAkSaradazapUrvadharAH kaSAyakuzIla-nirgranthA caturdazapUrvadharau / jaghanyena pulAkasya zrutamAcAravastu / bakuzakuzIlanirgranthAnAM zrutamaSTo pravacanamAtaraH / zrutApagataH kevalo snAtaka iti / pratisevanA-paJcAnAM mUlaguNAnAM rAtribhojanaviratiSaSThAnAM parAbhiyogAdvalAtkAreNAnyatamaM pratisevamAnaH pulAko bhavati / -9, 49 sarvArthasiddhi samyagdarzanaM samyagjJAnaM samyakcAritramiti / eteSAM svarUpaM lakSaNato vidhAna tazca purastAdvistareNa nirdekSyAmaH / uddezamAtra tvidamucyate / 1, 1 2. cakSuSA anindriyeNa ca vyaMjanAvagraho na bhavati / 1, 19 3. kASThapustacitrakarmAkSa nikSepAdiSu so'miti sthApyamAnA sthApanA / -1, 5 4. nairgranthaM prati prasthitA akhaMDitavratAH zarIropakaraNavibhUSAnuvartino'vivikta parivArA mohazabalayuktA bkushaaH""| kuzIlA dvividhAH-pratisevanAkuzIlA: kaSAyakuzIlA iti / aviviktaparigrahAH paripUrNobhayAH kathaMciduttaraguNavirAdhinaH prtisevnaakushiilaaH| vazIkRtAnyakaSAyodayAH saMjvalanamAtrataMtrAH kaSAyakuzIlAH / -9, 47 / 5. liGga dvividhaM-dravyaliGga bhAvaliGga ceti / bhAvaliGga pratItya paMca nirgranthA liGgino bhavanti / dravyaliGgaM pratItya bhAjyAH / -9, 47 6. kaSAyakuzIlA dvayoH saMyamayoH parihAravizuddhisUkSmasamparAyayoH pUrvayozca / nirganthasnAtakA ekasminneva ythaakhyaatsNymesnti| zrutaM-pulAkabakuzapratisevanAkuzIlA utkrssennaabhinnaakssrdshpuurvdhraaH| kaSAyakuzIlA nirgranthAzcaturdazapUrvagharAH / jaghanyena pulAkasya zrutamAcAravastu / bakuzakuzIlanigranthAnAM zrutamaSTo pravacanamAtaraH / snAtakA apagatazrutAH kevlinH| pratisevanA-paJcAnAM mUlaguNAnAM rAtribhojanavarjanasya ca parAbhiyogAlAda badanyatamaM pratisevamAnaH 'pulAko bhavati / --9,47 vizeSa udAharaNoM ke lie dekho DA0 jagadIzacandra jI zAstrI ke lekha /

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310 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 7. bhASya kI lekhana zailI bhI sarvArthasiddhi se prAcIna hai| vaha prasanna aura gaMbhIra hote hue bhI dArzanikatA kI dRSTi se kama vikasita aura kama parizolita hai / saMskRta ke lekhana aura jainasAhitya meM dArzanika zailI ke. jisa vikAsa ke pazcAt sarvArthasiddhi likhI gaI hai, vaha vikAsa bhASya meM nahIM dikhAI detaa|' artha kI dRSTi se bhI sarvArthasiddhi arvAcIna mAlUma hotI hai| jo bAta bhASya meM hai, sarvArthasiddhi meM usako vistRta karake aura usa para adhika carcA karake nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / vyAkaraNa aura jainetara darzanoM kI carcA bhI usameM adhika hai| jaina paribhASAoM kA jo vizadokaraNa aura vaktavya kA pRthakkaraNa sarvArthasiddhi meM hai, vaha bhASya meM kama se kama hai / bhASya kI apekSA usameM tArkikatA adhika hai aura anya darzanoM kA khaMDana bhI jora pakar3atA hai| ye saba bAteM sarvArthasiddhi se bhASya ko prAcIna siddha karatI haiN| isa taraha tatvArthabhASya pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva, vIrasena Adi se pahale kA hai aura usase ukta sabhI AcArya paricita the| unhoMne usakA kisI na kisI rUpa meM upayoga bhI kiyA hai aura usakI yaha prAcInatA svopajJatA kA hI samarthana karatI hai| svopajJabhASya kI AvazyakatA ___ tattvArtha jaise saMkSipta sUtra-grantha para svopajJa bhASya honA hI caahie| kyoMki eka to jainadarzana kA yaha sabase pahalA saMskRtabaddha sUtra-grantha hai,. jo anya darzanoM ke dArzanika sUtroM kI zailI para racA gayA hai| jainadharma ke anuyAyI isa saMkSipta sUtra-paddhati se pahale paricita nahIM the| ve bhASya kI sahAyatA ke binA usase pUrA lAbha nahIM uThA sakate the| dUsare isako racanA kA eka uddezya itara dArzanikoM meM bhI jainadarzana kI pratiSThA karanA thaa| isaliye bho bhASya Avazyaka hai| sUtrakAra ko yaha cintA rahatI hai ki yadi svayaM apane sUtroM kA bhASya nahIM kiyA jAyagA to Age loga unakA anartha kara ddaaleNge| pATaliputra meM vihAra karate hue unhoMne apane isa bhASya-grantha kI racanA kI thI, isalie ve Arya cANakya yA viSNugupta ke suprasiddha grantha kauTilIya arthazAstra (sUtra 1. udAharaNa ke lie dekho a0 1/2, 1/12, 1/32, aura 3/1 sUtroM kA bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi / 2. dekho, hindI tattvArtha kI bhUmikA, pR0 86-88

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 311 aura svopajJa bhASya) se avazya paricita hoMge, jo pATalIputra meM hI nirmANa kiyA gayA thA aura jisake anta meM kahA hai ki-prAyaH sUtroM se bhASyakAroM kI vipratipatti yA virodha dekhakara-sUtrakAra kA abhiprAya kucha thA aura bhASyakAroM ne kucha likha diyA, yaha samajha kara, viSNugupta ne svayaM satra banAye aura svayaM hI bhASya likhaa| aisI avasthA meM umAsvAtikA svayaM hI bhASya nirmANa karane meM pravRtta honA svAbhAvika hai / ___ apane granthoM para isa taraha ke svopajJa bhASya likhane ke aura bhI udAharaNa haiN| bauddha dArzanika nAgArjuna umAsvAti se pahale hue haiM / unhoMne apane grantha para 'vigrahavyAttinI' nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI haiN| mUla grantha kArikAoM meM hai jo satra kI hI bhA~ti adhika bAtoM ko thor3e zabdoM meM kahalAne vAlI aura padya hone se kaNThastha karane yogya hoto haiM / isI taraha vasubandhu kA 'abhidharmakoza' hai jo tattvArtha jaisA ho hai aura usa para bhI svopajJa bhASya hai| ____ apane grantha para svopajJa TIkA likhane kI yaha paddhati jainaparamparA meM bhI rahI hai / pUjyapAda ne apane vyAkaraNa para jainendra-nyAsa ( anupalabdha ), jinabhadragaNi ne apane vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para vyAkhyA, zAkaTAyana ne apane vyAkaraNa-satroM para amoghavRtti aura akalaMkadeva ne apane laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya para svopajJa vRttiyoM ko racanA kii|" tattvAryasUtra ke kucha sUtroM kA digambara mAnyatAoM se virodha___ tattvArthasUtra ke digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya mUlapATha ke hI kucha sUtra spaSTa rUpa se digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ke bhI virodha meM jAte haiM / agrima paMktiyoM meM hama isa sambandha meM kucha vistRta carcA kareMge (1) sarvaprathama tattvArthasUtra ke caturtha adhyAya ke sUtra 3 meM devoM ke pAMca prakAroM ke AvAntara bhedoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / isameM vaimAnika devoM ke bAraha prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA vaimAnika devoM ke solaha bheda mAnya karatI haiN| digambara paramparA dvArA 1. dRSTvAM vipratipatti prAyaH sUtreSu bhASyakArANAm / __svayameva viSNuguptazcakAra sUtraM ca bhASyaM ca / / 2. nAgArjuna kA samaya vi0 saM0 223-253 nizcita kiyA gayA hai| 3. vinayatoSa bhaTTAcArya ke anusAra vasubandhu kA samaya vi0 saM0 298 hai| 4. dazASTapaMcadvAdazavikalpAH klpoppnnpryntaaH| -tattvArthasUtra 43

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312 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mAnya pATha ke isI adhyAya ke unnIsaveM sUtra meM vaimAnika devoM ke solaha prakAroM kA nAma sahita ullekha bhI huA hai| digambara paramparA ke mAnya isa pATha meM jahA~ caturtha adhyAya kA tIsarA sUtra zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra vaimAnika devoM ke bAraha prakAroM kI hI carcA karatA hai, vahIM unnIsavA~ sUtra digambara paramparA ke anusAra solaha devalokoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karatA hai| isa prakAra digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya sUtra pATha meM hI eka antavirodha parilakSita hotA hai| caturtha adhyAya ke ina tIsare aura unnIsaveM sUtra kA yaha antavirodha vicAraNIya hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka sthAna para to apanI paramparA ke anurUpa pATha ko saMzodhita kara liyA gayA hai aura dUsare sthAna para asAvadhAnIvaza vaha yathAvat raha gayA hai| kintu eka sthAna para prayatna pUrvaka saMzodhana kiyA gayA ho aura dUsare sthAna para use asAvadhAnIvaza chor3a diyA gayA ho-yaha bAta buddhigamya nahIM lagatI haiN| sambhAvanA yahI hai ki digambara AcAryoM ko yaha sUtra yA to isI rUpa meM prApta hue hoM athavA usa paramparA ke sUtra hoM jo solaha svarga mAnakara bhI vaimAnika devoM ke bAhara prakAra hI mAnatI ho-ho sakatA hai yaha yApanIya mAnyatA ho / digambara TokAkAroM ne isa sandarbha meM vizeSa koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM diyA hai| ve mAtra ise indroM kI saMkhyA mAnakara santoSa karate haiN| jabaki yaha sUtra indra kI saMkhyA kA sUcaka yA indroM ke AdhAra para devoM kA vargIkaraNa nahIM hai kyoMki yadi indroM kI saMkhyA yA indroM ke AdhAra para devoM ke vargIkaraNa kA sUcaka hotA to jyotiSI meM kevala do hI indra haiM phira pA~ca kaiMse kahe gaye ? ataH spaSTa hai ki yaha sUtra digambara mAnyatA ke anurUpa hI nahIM hai| (2) dUsarA jo sUtra hai vaha pAMcaveM adhyAya kA bAIsavA~ sUtra hai / zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya sUtrapATha meM 'kAlazceke' yaha pATha milatA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM 'kAlazca' aisA pATha milatA hai| dravyoM kI carcA ke pazcAt anta meM yaha sUtra AyA hai isase aisA lagatA ki granthakAra kAla ko dravya mAnane ke sandarbha meM taTastha dRSTi rakhatA hogaa| zvetAmbara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. saudharmazAnasAnatkumAramAhendrabrahmabrahmottaralAntavakApiSThazukramahAzukra 12 13 14 15 16 shtaarshsraaressvaantpraanntyoraarnnaacyutyoH| -tattvArthasUtra 4 / 19 2. dekheM tattvArthasUtra sarvArthasiddhi TIkA 4 / 3

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 313 'paramparA meM kAla dravya hai yA nahIM hai, isa prazna ko lekara do mAnyatAoM kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| usa kAla meM kucha vicAraka kAla ko svataMtra dravya svIkAra karate haiM aura kucha vicAraka kAla ko svataMtra dravya na mAnakara jIva evaM ajIva dravyoM kI paryAya kA sUcaka mAnate the| yadi tattvArthasUtra kI racanA digambara paramparA ke anusAra hotI yA digambara AcAryoM ne apanA pATha banAyA hotA to dravyoM kI vivecanA ke prasaMga meM bhI kAla kA ullekha A jAnA cAhie thaa| jahAM ajIva kAyA kA ullekha kiyA vahIM kAla kA bhI ullekha honA thaa| isase spaSTa lagatA hai ki granthakAra ne usa mAnyatA kA saMgraha karane ke lie ki kucha dArzanika kAla ko bhI dravya mAnate haiM, isa sUtra kI racanA kii| ata: 'kAlazceke' yahA~ mUla sUtra rahA hogA jabaki Age calakara kAla ko eka dravya mAna liyA gayA to sUtrapATha meM se 'eke' pATha alaga kara diyAkintu yaha yApanIya paramparA meM haA hogA-aiso sambhAvanA hai, kyoMki yadi pUjyapAda ise badalate to ve isakA sthAna bhI badala sakate the| vastutaH cAhe mUla pATha meM 'kAlazca' ho yA kAlazce ke ho, yaha sUtra digambara mAnyatA se tattvArtha ko bhinnatA sUcita karate hue Agamika 'paramparA se nikaTatA sUcita karatA hai| kyoMki jahA~ bhagavatI evaM prajJA'panA meM kAla ko pudgala aura jIva ko paryAya kahA gayA vahIM uttarAdhyayana meM use svataMtra dravya kahA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA pUrva meM kI jA cuko hai / usako punarAvRtti nirarthaka hai| (3) tIsare tatvArthasUtra ke naveM adhyAya kA gyArahavA~ sUtra 'ekAdazajine' bhI jise donoM hI pAThoM meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai, digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai| kyoMki digambara paramparA kevalI yA jina meM pariSahoM kA sadbhAva nahIM mAnatI hai / jaba kevalI meM kavalAhAra hI nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA, to phira kSudhA-pipAsA jaise pariSaha usameM saMbhava hI nahIM hoMge / digambara TIkAkAra bhI isa sUtra ko apane mata ke virudva mAnate haiM aura isalie ve 'na santi' kA adhyAhAra karake use apane matAnukUla karanA cAhata haiM, jabaki mUlasUtra spaSTa rUpa se unake sadbhAva kA saMketa karatA hai| isa sandarbha meM digambara paramparA ke variSTha vidvAn DaoN. hIrAlAla jI ke vicAra draSTavya haiM-"kundakundAcArya ne kevalo ke bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ko vedanA kA niSedha kiyA hai| para tatvArthasUtrakAra ne sabalatA se karmasiddhAntAnusAra yaha siddha kiyA hai ki vedanIyodaya janya kSudhA-pipAsA di gyAraha parISaha kevalI ke bhI hote haiM (adhyAya 9 sUtra 8-17) sarvArtha

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314 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya siddhikAra evaM rAjavAtikakAra ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki mohanIya karmodaya ke abhAva meM vedanIya kA prabhAva jarjarita ho jAtA hai isase ve vedanAe~ kevalI ke nahIM hotii| para karmasiddhAnta se yaha bAta siddha nahIM hotii| mohanIya ke abhAva meM rAgadveSajanya pariNati kA abhAva avazya hogA, para vedanIya janya vedanA kA abhAva nahIM ho skegaa| yadi vaisA hotA to phira mohanIya karma ke abhAva ke pazcAt vedanIya kA udaya mAnA hI kyoM jAtA? vedanIya kA udaya sayogI aura ayogI guNasthAna meM bhI Ayu ke antima samaya taka barAbara banA rahatA hai| isake mAnate hue. tatsambandhI vedanAoM kA abhAva mAnanA zAstrasammata nahIM ThaharatA / dUsare. samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA 93 meM vItarAga ke bhI sukha aura duHkha kA sadbhAva svIkAra kiyaa|" 'ekAdazejine' sUtrapATha kI upasthiti spaSTataH isa tathya kI sUcaka hai ki yaha grantha mUlataH digambara paramparA kA nahIM hai, sAtha hI yaha sUtra isa satya ko bhI udghATita karatA hai ki digambara paramparA meM mAnya sUtrapATha bhI unake dvArA saMzodhita nahIM hai anyathA ve AsAnI se mala meM bhI 'ekAdaze jine na saMti' pATha kara sakate the| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki yaha pATha unheM yApanIyoM se prApta huA thaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki yApanIya zvetAmbaroM ke samAna 'jina' meM ekAdaza pariSaha sambhava mAnate haiM, kyoMki ve kevalI ke kavalAhAra ke samarthaka haiN| (4) tattvArthasUtra ke digambara paramparA mAnya pATha meM bhI nigranthoM ke. pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka aise pA~ca vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla kI vivecanA karate hue tattvArtharAjavAtikakAra ne unameM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA sadbhAva mAnA hai| sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya aise do cAritroM kI mAnyatA mUlataH yApanIya aura zvetAmbara hai| yApanIyoM ke prabhAva se hI Age yaha digambara paramparA meM mAnya huI hai / punaH bakuza ke tattvArtharAjavAtika meM jo do prakAra batAye gaye haiN| unameM upakaraNa bakaza ko vividha, vicitra parigraha yukta tathA vizeSa aura bahu upakaraNoM kA AkAMkSI kahA gayA hai| kevala kamaNDala aura picchI rakhane vAle digambara muni ke sandarbha meM yaha kalpanA ucita nahIM baiThatI hai| yaha vividha aura vicitra parigraha kI. kalpanA kevala unhIM nirgranthoM ke sandarbha meM ho sakatI hai, jo picchI aura 1. dekhe-digambara jainasiddhAntadarpaNa (dvitIya aMza), digambara jaina paMcAyata bambaI 1944 pR0 20 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 315 kamaNDalu ke atirikta bhI anya upakaraNa rakhate hoMge / ataH yaha sUtra bhI digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai / (5) isI prakAra tattvArthasUtra kA 'mUrchA parigraha' nAmaka sUtra bhI mUlataH zvetAmbara mAnya Agama dazavakAlika ke AdhAra para banA huA pratIta hotA hai / dazavaikAlika ko tattvArtha se prAcInatA sarvatra siddha hai| tattvArtha kA yaha sUtra dazakAlika ke 'na sA pariggaho vutto' mucchA pariggahovutto" ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| mUrchA parigraha yaha bAta digambara paramparA ke anukUla nahIM hai, usake anusAra to mAtra mUrchA hI nahIM, vastu bhI parigraha hai| yadi tattvArthasUtrakAra digambara paramparA kA hotA to bhAva parigraha ke sAtha dravya parigraha kI bhI carcA karatA vaha ' mUrchA parigraha' ke sAthasAtha yaha bhI ullekha karatA ki vastu bhI parigraha hai| kintu yaha sUtra to vastra-pAtra vAda poSaNa ke lie rAstA sApha kara detA hai| yaha sUtra usI paramparA kA ho sakatA hai, jisameM kisI sImA taka saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vastra-pAtra kI paramparA kA poSaNa ho rahA thA aura unheM parigraha nahIM mAnA jA rahA thaa| tattvArtha bhaura usake bhASya meM 'mUrchA parigraha' nAmaka sUtra spaSTa rUpha se tattvArtha kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa kara detA hai| sarvaprathama to yaha sUtra dazakAlika kA anusaraNa karate hue parigraha ke bhAva pakSa ko pradhAnatA detA hai aura dravya (vastu) pakSa ko gauNa kara detA hai / nirgrantha paramparA meM aparigraha aura acelatA para ati bala thA, ataH sAmAnya rUpa se yaha samasyA utpanna huI ki saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM pratilekhana evaM vastra-pAtra bhI parigraha hai ataH unakA grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| eka ora ahiMsA ke paripAlana lie pratilekhana ( rajoharaNa/picchI ) kA grahaNa Avazyaka thA to dUsarI ora bImAra aura vRddhoM kI paricaryA ke lie pAtra kI AvazyakatA huI / punaH eka hI ghara se sampUrNa AhAra grahaNa karane para bhI yA to use punaH bhojana banAnA par3a sakatA thA yA phira bhUkhA rahanA hogA-donoM sthiti meM hiMsA tho-isI prakAra yadi vRddha, glAna, rogI Adi kI paricaryA nahIM kI jAtI to karuNA kI samApti aura hiMsA meM bhAgIdAra banane kA prazna thaa| inhIM kAraNoM se pAtra Avazyaka banA / pAtra ke sAtha pAtra kI saphAI tathA pAtra ko Dhakane ke lie vastra kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| punaH bhojana, pAnI evaM zauca Adi ke lie alaga-alaga pAtra 1. dazavakAlika /

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316 : jainadharma kA yApanoya sampradAya kI AvazyakatA pratIta hone para jholI aayii| mathurA ke aMkanoM se jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI prathama zatI meM nagnatA ko mAnya rakhate hue bhI itanA parigraha A cukA thaa| jaba ahiMsA kI prAthamikatA se saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM nirgrantha saMgha meM pratilekhana, vastra aura pAtra mAnya hue taba vastumAtra parigraha haiM yaha paribhASA badalane kI AvazyakatA huI hogI aura usI meM parigraha kI yaha navIna paribhASA AI hogI-saMyamoparakaraNa parigraha nahIM hai, mUrchA hI parigraha hai-dazavakAlika ke kAla taka to yaha saba ho cukA thA aura tattvArthasUtra meM usI kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kyA tattvArtha aura usakA svopajJabhASya zvetAmbaroM ke viruddha hai ?: digambara paramparA ke aneka vidvAnoM ne tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya kI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM se asaMgati siddha kara yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya mUlataH zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM hai| ataH tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa karane hetu unake tarkoM para bhI vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| (1) AdaraNIya paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ne mokSamArga ke pratipAdana ke sandarbha meM tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya kI zvetAmbara mAnya Agama se asaMgati dikhAkara yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, ki tattvArtha kI trividha sAdhanA mArga kI paramparA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM anupalabdha hai, unameM caturvidha mokSamArga kI paramparA hai, jabaki kundakunda ke granthoM meM sarvatra trividha sAdhanA mArga kI paramparA pAI jAtI hai ataH tattvArtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha na hokara digambara paramparA kA grantha hai| ve likhate haiM ki-"zvetAmbarIya Agama meM mokSamArga kA varNana karate hue usake cAra kAraNa batalAye haiM aura unakA jJAna, darzana, cAritra evaM tapa isa krama se nirdeza kiyA hai| jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 28veM adhyayana krI nimna gAthAoM se prakaTa hai mokkhamaggagaI tacca suNehajiNabhAsiyaM / caukAraNasaMjuttaM gANadasaNa lakkhaNaM / nANaM ca dasaNaM cevacarittaM ca tavo thaa| esa magguttipaNNatto jiNehiM varadasihiM / / parantu ( tattvArthasUtra ke ) zvetAmbara sUtrapATha meM digambara sUtrapATha kI taraha tIna kAraNoM kA darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra ke krama se nirdeza hai jaisA'

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 317 ki nimnasUtra se prakaTa hai-samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArga :-121 yaha sUtra zvetAmbara Agama ke sAtha pUrNatayA saMgata nahIM hai / vastutaH yaha digambara sUtra hai aura isake dvArA mokSamArga ke kathana kI usa digambara zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai, jo kundakundAdi ke granthoM meM sarvatra pAI jAtI hai|' mUrdhanya vidvAn AdaraNIya jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ko yaha bhrAnti kaise ho gaI ki zve. mAnya AgamoM meM mAtra caturvidha (caukAraNa saMjuttaM ) mokSamArga kA vidhAna hai-sambhavataH unhoMne 'tattvArtha-jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka grantha ko dekhakara hI yaha dhAraNA banA lI aura isa prasaMga meM zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ko dekhane kA kaSTa hI nahoM utthaayaa| jisa uttarAdhyayana ke 28 veM adhyAya kA pramANa unhoMne diyA yadi use bhI pUrI taraha dekha liyA hotA to isa bhrAnta dhAraNA ke zikAra na hote| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke hI isI adhdhayana ko gAthA kramAMka tosa meM vividha sAdhanA mArga kA spaSTa ullekha hai| vastutaH zvetAmbara AgamoM meM dvividha se lekara paMcavidharUpa meM mokSamArga kA vivecana haidvividha 'NANakiriyAhiM mokkho'vijjAcaraNa pmokkho|-suutrkRtaaNg nANeNa biNA karaNaM karaNeNa biNA Na tArayaM NANaM / -candrAvedhyaka 73 trividha NANa saNa carittAi paDisevissAmi-isibhAsayAI, 23/2 AriyaM NANaM sAhU AriyaM sAhu daMsaNaM AriyaM caraNaM sAhU tamhA sevaha AriyaM |-vhii 19/6 tivihA ArAhaNA pannatA taM jahA NANArAhaNA, daMsaNArAhaNA, carittArAhaNA -sthAnAMga, 3/4/198caturvidhadasaNa NANa caritte tave ya kuNa ApamAyaM ti / -maraNavibhakti 126 uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 28 veM adhyayana kI gAthA 2,3 evaM 35 meM bhI: caturvidha mokSa mArga kA kathana huA hai| 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, le0 jugala kizora mukhtAra : pR0 133

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318 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya vastutaH umAsvAti kA tattvArtha kI racanA meM mukhya prayojana saMkSepa meM yA sUtra rUpa meM jaina siddhAntoM ko prastuta karanA thA, ataH unhoMne anAvazyaka vistAra se bacate hue sUtrarUpa meM, phira bhI koI mahattvapUrNa pakSa na chUTe, isa dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai| isI sandarbha meM unhoMne trividha mokSamArga kA vivecana kiyaa| tattvArtha ko zvetAmbaramAnya AgamoM se asaMgati to taba mAnI jAtI, jaba AgamoM meM trividha sAdhanA kA ullekha hI nahIM hotA / jaba AgamoM meM trividha mokSa mArga ke sandarbha upalabdha haiM sAtha hI darzana, jJAna aura caritra kA mokSa ke hetu ke rUpa meM ullekha hai, jaba tattvArtha aura Agama meM asaMgati kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai / yadi AgamoM meM mokSa ke cAra hetuoM kA ullekha hone meM hI unheM asaMgati dRSTigata hotI hai to aisI asaMgati to svayaM kundakunda meM hI tathA kundakunda ke granthoM aura tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI dikhAI detI hai-dekhie kundakunda svayaM evaM digambara paramparA ke anya granthakAra bhI uttarAdhyayana ke samAna caturvidha mokSa mArga kA varNana kara rahe haiM NANeNa daMsaNeNa taveNa carieNa smmshienn| hohadi parinivvANaM jIvANaM caritasuddhANaM // -sIlapAhuDa, 11 NANeNa daMsaNeNa ya taveNa cariyeNa saMjamaguNeNa / cauhi pi samAjoge mokkho jiNasAsaNe diTTho / -darzanapAhuDa, 30 NANammi daMsaNammi ya taveNa carieNa smmshienn| copahaM pi samAjoge siddhA jIvA Na saMdeho / / -darzanapAhuDa, 32 dasaNaNANacarittaM tave ya pAvaMti sAsaNe bhaNiyaM / jo bhaviUNa mokkhaM taM jANaha sudaha mAhappaM / / -aMgaprajJapti, 76 yahIM nahIM paMcavidha mArga kA ullekha bhI AgamAnusAra kundakunda ne zIlaprAbhRta meM kiyA hai sammata NANa daMsaNa tava voriyaM paMcayAramappANaM / jalaNo vi pavaNa sahido DahaMti porAyaNa kammaM // -sIlapAhuDa, 3 yadi uttarAdhyayana meM do gAthAoM meM caturvidha sAdhanAmArga kA ullekha hone se evaM tattvArthasUtra meM trividha sAdhanA mArga ullekha hone se tattvArthasUtra

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 319 zvetAmbara nahIM ho sakatA to phira kundakunda meM tIna gAthAoM meM caturvidha mokSamArga pratipAdana hone para bhI yaha kundakunda kI paramparA kA grantha aura unake granthoM se nirmita kaise ho sakatA hai ? vastutaH aisA socanA hamArI sAmpradAyika buddhi kA pariNAma hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki AgamoM meM mokSamArga ke pratipAdana kI vividha zailiyA~ rahI haiM aura umAsvAti ne unameM se madhyamArga ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA mArga ko zailo ko apanAyA / (2) paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ne tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kA - Agama se virodha dikhAte hue dUsarA tarka yaha diyA hai ki sUtra aura bhASya donoM meM jova, ajova, Azrava, bandha, saMvara aura mokSa aise sAta tattvoM kA nirdeza hai| jabaki zvetAmbara AgamoM meM tattva yA padArtha nau batalAye gaye haiM / sthAnAMgasUtra ke naveM sthAna meM nau padArthoM kA tathA uttarAdhyayana ke 28veM adhyAya meM nau tatvoM kA ullekha milatA hai / isake AdhAra para ve likhate haiM ki "sAta tattvoM ke kathana kI zailI zvetAmbara AgamoM meM haiM hI nahIM / "" isase upAdhyAya muni AtmArAma jo ne tattvArthasUtra aura zvetAmbara Agama ke sAtha jo samanvaya upasthita kiyA hai usameM ve sthAnAMga ke ukta sUtra ko uddhRta karane ke alAvA koI bhI aisA nirdeza nahIM kara sake jisameM sAta tattvoM kI kathana zailI kA spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai / sAta tattvoM ke kathana kI yaha zailI digambara hai- digambara sampradAya meM sAta tattvoM aura nau padArthoM kA alaga-alaga rUpa se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| apane isa mantavya kI puSTi ke lie mukhtAra jo bhAvaprAbhRta se 'navama-payatthAI satta taccAI' nAmaka uddharaNa bhI upasthita karate haiM / isake atirikta bhI darzana pAhuDa meM SaTdravya, navapadArtha, pA~ca astikAya aura sAta tattva kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu isa AdhAra para yaha kalpanA kara lenA ki sAta tattvoM ke vivecana kI daulo digambara aura nava tattvoM ko zailI zvetAmbara hai, samucita nahIM hai / kyoMki paMcAstikAya meM spaSTa rUpa se hameM nau arthoM kA ullekha milatA hai / artha, padArtha, tattva Adi meM koI vizeSa artha bheda nahIM hai / kyA sAta tattvoM meM puNya-pApa kA yoga ho jAne para ve padArtha ho jAyeMge ? uttarAdhyayana meM to unheM nava tattva hI kahA gayA hai / " 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, lekhaka paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, pR0 134 / 2. vahI, pR0 134 / 3. bhAvapAhuDa, AcArya kundakunda, gAthA 95 / 4. uttarAdhyayana sUtra /

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320 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya prArambha meM nava tattvoM kI hI avadhAraNA pramukha rahI hai| nava tattvoM kI avadhAraNA meM suvidhA yaha hotI thI ki pUNya aura pApa kA kisI eka meM antarbhAva karanA Avazyaka nahIM thaa| vastutaH puNya aura pApa mAtra Azrava hI nahIM haiM jaisA ki umAsvAti ne mAna liyA hai| ve Azrava, bandha aura nirjarA tInoM ke sAtha jur3e hue the| puNya aura pApa kA sambandha na kevala Azrava aura bandha se hI hai apitu unakA sambandha karmaphala-vipAka arthAt karma-nirjarA se bhI hai| isalie AgamakAroM ne nava tattvoM kI hI avadhAraNA ko pramukhatA dii| cUMki umAsvAti pApa aura puNya kI carcA Azrava ke prasaMga meM alaga se kara rahe the| isalie unhoMne prArambha meM sAta tattvoM kI hI carcA kii| lekina sAta aura nava tattvoM kI isa carcA ko saiddhAntika matabheda nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki sAta mAnakara bhI unhoMne puNya aura pApa ko svIkAra to kiyA hI hai, cAhe unhoMne unakI Azrava ke bheda rUpa meM carcA kI ho| punaH tattvArtha sUtrazailI kA grantha hai ataH usase anAvazyaka vistAra se yathAsambhava bacane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| caturvidha mokSamArga ke sthAna para trividha mokSamArga, nava tattva ke sthAna para sAta tattva, sAta nayoM ke sthAna para mUla pA~ca naya, tIrthaMkara nAma karma ke bandha ke bIsa kAraNoM ke sthAna para solaha kAraNa Adi tathya yahI sUcita karate haiM ki umAsvAti samAsa (saMkSipta) zailI ke prastotA thevyAsa (vistAra) zailI ke nhiiN| kintu isa AdhAra para umAsvAti digambara haiM-zvetAmbara nahIM, yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai| phira to koI yaha bhI tarka de sakatA hai ki umAsvAti ne pA~ca nayoM kI carcA kI hai kyoMki. digambara paramparA meM pAMca nayoM kI zailI nahIM hai ataH umAsvAti digambara nahIM hai| (3) tattvArthasUtra evaM tattvArthabhASya kI zvetAmbara AgamoM se bhinnatA dikhAte hue paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra Adi digambara vidvAnoM ne eka pramANa yaha bhI prastuta kiyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM aura usake bhASya meM adhigama ke nimna 8 anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA hai-sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva aura alpa-bahutva / isake viparota zvetAmbara mAnya anuyogadvAra sUtra meM abhigama ke 9 anuyogadvAroM kI carcA hai / isameM uparoktaH 1. satsaMkhyA kSetra sparzanakAlA'ntarabhAvA'lpabahutvaizca / / -tattvArthasUtra 118 inakI vivecanA hetu dekhe-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya 118 2. aNugame navavihe paNNatte, taM jahA santapathaparUvaNA 1 davvapamANa ca 2 kheta

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tattvArthasU aura usakI paramparA : 321 8 ke atirikta 'bhAga' nAmaka eka anuyogadvAra aura hai, kintu yadi hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM to isameM saMkhyA ke sthAna para dravya-pramANa aisA nAma upalabdha hotA hai| yaha sUtra digambara paramparA kA samarthaka hai, yaha siddha karane ke lie AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI yaha tarka bhI dete haiM ki SaTkhaNDAgama meM ina ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai|' SaTkhaNDAgama meM aura tatvArthasUtra meM ATha anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA hone mAtra se tattvArthasUtra digambara paramparA kA grantha nahIM ho jAtA hai / prathama to yaha ki SaTkhaNDAgama svayaM digambara paramparA kA grantha na hokara yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai| isa sandarbha meM hama vizeSa carcA pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| punaH unhoMne yaha nirNaya kaise kara liyA ki zvetAmbara AgamoM meM ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA hI nahIM hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM jahA~ naigama naya kI apekSA se carcA kI gaI hai vahA~ uparokta nau anuyogadvAroM ko carcA hai tathA jahA~ saMgraha naya kI apekSA se carcA ko gaI hai vahA~ ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA hai / punaH hama pUrva meM hI pratipAdita kara cuke haiM ki tattvArtha sUtrAtmaka zailo kA graMtha hai, ataH usameM anAvazyaka vistAra se bacane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai aura yaha bAta hameM usakI tattva-vivecanA, mokSamArga vivecanA, tIrthaMkara nAmakarma vivecanA, anuyogadvAra vivecanA Adi sabhI meM upalabdha hotI hai| jahA~ usameM AgamoM meM varNita saMkhyA kA saMkoca kiyA hai / punaH AgamoM kI yaha zailo raho hai ki unhoMne vibhinna apekSAoM se vibhinna prakAra ke vivecana kiye haiN| jaise-prastuta prasaMga meM ho jahA~ zvetAmbaramAnya Agama negama-vyavahAranaya se carcA karate haiM vahA~ nau anuyogadvAroM ko aura jahA~ saMgrahanaya kI apekSA se carcA karate haiM vahA~ 3 phusaNA ya 4 / kAlo ya 5 aMtaraM 6 bhAga 7 bhAva 8 appAbahutavva 9 -anuyogadvAra sUtra, sampAdaka madhukara muni, sUtra 105 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza, paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra / edesiM coddasAhaM jIvasamAsANaM parUvaNaThThadAe tattha imANi aThTha aNiyogahArANi NAyavvANi bhavaMti-taM jahA-saMtaparUvaNA, davvapamANANugamo khettANugamo phosaNANugamo kAlANugamo aMtarANugamo bhAvANugamo, alpAbahugANugamo cedi / -SaTkhaNDAgama 11117 (khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, sUtra 7). 2. anuyoga dvArasUtra, sampAka madhukara muni, sUtra 105, pR0 68 3. vahI, sUtra 122, pR0 83 21

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322 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ATha anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA karate haiM / punaH hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki anuyogadvAra sUtra nizcita hI tattvArthasUtra evaM usake bhASya se kiJcit paravartI hai aura isalie usameM aisA vikAsa sambhava hai| punaH anuyogadvAroM kI yaha saMkhyA vibhinna prasaMgoM meM bhinna-bhinna rahI hai / tattvArthasUtra meM samyak darzana ke sandarbha meM ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA huI hai, jabaki anuyogadvAra sUtra meM yaha carcA dravya ke sandarbha meM hai| samyak darzana jIva ke kisI bhAga vizeSa meM nahIM hotA hai ataH usameM 'bhAga' kI carcA nahIM hai / jabaki eka dravya dUsare dravya ke kisI bhAga vizeSa meM raha sakatA hai ataH dravya kI carcA ke prasaMgameM 'bhAga' nAmaka anuyoga (anugama) kI carcA kI gaI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama yApanIya Agama hai tattvArtha se usakI nikaTatA tattvArtha ko uttara bhArata kI Agamika dhArA kA ho grantha siddha karatI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke anuyogadvAroM ke nAmoM kI nikaTatA tattvArtha kI apekSA anuyogadvAra sUtra ke nikaTa hai, yaha bhI hameM dekhanA hogA / punaH viSayoM ke badalane ke sAtha anuyogadvAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhinnatA ke saMketa zvetAmbaradigambara donoM paramparAoM meM milate haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM hI gyAraha, solaha Adi anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA bhI hai aura isameM 'bhAga' nAmaka anuyogadvAra, jo zvetabAra AgamoM meM bhI ullekhita hai, milatA hai| prasaMgAnusAra anuyogadvAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhinnatA hone se tattvArtha aura zvetAmbara AgamoM meM virodha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| donoM meM yadi eka hI prasaMga meM bhinna-bhinna saMkhyA batAyI gayo hotI to ho unameM virodha mAnA jA sakatA thaa| (4) tattvArthabhASya kA Agama se virodha dikhAte hue paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI dvArA yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ tattvArtha bhASya meM lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA ATha mAnI gaI hai| vahA~ zvetAmbara AgamoM meM lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA 9 milatI hai kintu AdaraNIya paNDitajI ne yaha bhrAnti vyartha hI khar3I kI hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA 8 aura 9 donoM hI prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| sthAnAMga meM bhI AThaveM sthAna meM ATha prakAra ke lokAntika devoM kI carcA - 1. sarvArthasiddhi sampAdaka, paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntamAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prastAvanA, pR0, 19 evaM 33 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 323 hai' aura naveM sthAna meM nau lokAntika devoM kI carcA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki lokAntika devoM kI nau kI saMkhyA eka paravartI vikAsa hai| jaba nau kI saMkhyA mAnya ho gaI to kisI zvetAmbara AcArya ne tattvArtha ke mUlapATha meM bho maruta nAma jor3a diyA aura isa prakAra tattvArtha mUla aura tattvArthabhASya meM antara A gayA / tattvArthasatra mUla meM yaha prakSepa tattvArthabhASya kI racanA ke bAda aura siddhasena gaNi kI tattvArthabhASya kI TIkA ke pUrva kiyA gayA hogaa| kintu isa sabase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki bhASya zvetAmbaramAnya AgamoM ke virUddha hai| yadi saMkhyA ke bheda ke AdhAra para ho Agama virodha mAnA jAye phira tiloyapaNNatti, sarvArthasiddhi aura rAjavAtika meM hI lokAntika devoM kI 24 saMkhyA bhI mAnI gii| phira to digambara paramparA se bhI tatvArthasatra kI bhinnatA siddha ho jAyegI / Azcarya yaha hai ki jo 'maruta' nAma prakSipta mAnA jAtA hai, usakA ullekha tiloyapaNNatti aura rAjavArtika meM bhI upasthita hai| isase bhASya kI sarvArthasiddhi se prAcInatA siddha ho jAtI hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki lokAntika devoM kI avadhAraNA meM eka vikAsa huA hai aura sarvArthasiddhi bhASya ko apekSA vikAsa kI sUcaka hai| tiloyapaNNatti meM lokavibhAga ke kartA kA prAcIna mata bhI ullikhita hai (8/635-639) / isameM nau lokAMtika devoM kI avadhAraNA kA saMketa hai; kyoMki isameM vahni ke atirikta Agneya nAma adhika milatA hai| (jJAtavya hai ki vartamAna saMskRta lokavibhAga-prAcIna prAkRta 'loyavibhAya' ke AdhAra para nirmita hai)| isakA saMketa saMskRta lokavibhAga kI bhUmikA meM bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI ne kiyA hai (dekheM bhUmikA, pR0 31) tathA mUla meM bhI yaha saMkhyA 9 hI varNita hai ( zloka 10 // 319 ) jJAtavya haiAgneya (agiccA) yahI nAma zvetAmbara Agama (sthAnAMga 8 / 46, 9 / 34) 1. aitesu NaM aTTasu logaMtiyavimANesu aTTavidhA logaMtiyA devApaNNattA taM jahA sArassatamAiccA vahnIvarUNA ya gahatoyA ya / tusitA anvAvAhA agiccA ceva boddhavvA // -sthAnAMga-saM0 madhukara muni, 8146 2. Nava devaNikAyA paNNattA taM jahA sArassayamAiccA vaNhIvarUNA ya gaddatoyA ya / tusiyA avvAbAhA agiccA ceva riTThA ya // -sthAnAMga saM0 madhukara muni 9 / 34

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324 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya meM bhI upalabdha hai| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki nau lokAMtika devoM kI avadhAraNA bhI prAcIna hI hai aura yaha digambara paramparA (loka vibhAga) meM bhI mAnya rahI hai / ataH isa AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra ko AgamaparamparA se virodhI mAnA jAye, to vaha donoM paramparA kA hI virodhI siddha hogA / apanI paramparA ko bhI samyak prakAra jAne binA vidvAnoM dvArA tattvArthasUtra ko digambara siddha karane ke prayAsa meM aise tarka denA samucita nahIM hai| jo zvetAmbaroM meM ariSTa-nAmaka lokAntika devoM ko madhya meM mAnane kI avadhAraNA hai, vaha bhI tiloyapaNNati meM uddhRta lokavibhAga ke AcArya ke mata se sahamati rakhatI hai, yadyapi Azaya ko samagra prakAra se na samajhane ke kAraNa tiloyapaNNatti ke sampAdaka ne usa mUlapATha ko samyak rUpa meM nahIM rakhA hai| paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne bhASya aura zvetAmbara Agama meM virodha dikhAte hue eka anya tarka yaha diyA hai ki "tattvArthasUtra ke cauthe adhyAya meM lokAntika devoMkA nivAsa sthAna 'brahmaloka' nAma kA pA~cavA~ svarga batalAyA gayA hai aura 'brahmalokAlayA lokAntikA' isa 25veM sUtra ke nimna bhASya meM yaha spaSTa nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki brahmaloka meM rahane vAle hI lokAntika hote haiM anya svargoM meM yA unase pare aveyakAdimeM lokAntika nahIM hote "brahmalokAlayA eva lokAntikA bhavanti nAnyakalpeSu nApi prtH|" brahmaloka meM rahane vAle devoM kI utkRSTa sthiti dasa sAgara kI aura jaghanya sthiti sAta sAgara se kucha adhika kI batalAI gaI, jaisA ki sUtra naM. 37 aura 42 aura unake nimna bhASyAMzoM se prakaTa hai "brahmaloke tribhiradhikAni sptdshetyrthH|" "mAhendra parA sthitivizeSAdhikAni sapta sAgaropamANi sA brahmaloke jaghanyA bhavati / brahmaloke dazasAgaropamANi parA sthitiH sA lAntave jghnyaa|" isase spaSTa hai ki sUtra tathA bhASya ke anusAra brahmaloka ke devoM kI utkRSTa Ayu dasa sAgara kI aura jaghanya Ayu sAta sAgara se kucha adhika hotI hai| kyoMki lokAntika devoM kI Ayu kA alaga nirdeza karane vAlA koI vizeSa sUtra bhI zve0 satrapATha meM nahIM hai| parantu zve0 Agama meM lokAntika devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya donoM hI prakAra kI Ayu kI :

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 325 sthiti ATha sAgara ko batalAI hai jaisAki 'sthAnAMga' aura 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' ke nimna sUtra se prakaTa hai "logaMtikadevANaM jahaNNamukkoseNaM aTTasAgarovamAI ThitI paNNattA / " - sthAnAMga, sthAna 8, samavAyAMga, 623, vyAkhyAprajJapti, za0 6 / 305 aisI hAlata meM sUtra aura bhASya donoM kA kathana zve0 Agama ke sAtha saMgata na hokara spaSTa virodha ko liye hue hai / digambara Agama ke sAtha bhI usakA koI mela nahIM hai; kyoMki digambara sampradAya meM bhI lokAntika devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthiti ATha sAgara kI mAnI hai aura isI se digambara sUtrapATha meM "lokAntivAnAmaSTo sAgaropamANi sarveSAm " yaha yaha eka vizeSa sUtra lokAntika devoM kI Ayu ke spaSTa nirdeza ko liye.. hue hai| mukhtAra jo kI isa carcA kA sAra yaha hai ki bhASya meM lokAntika devoMko brahmaloka kA nivAsI batAyA gayA hai aura brahmaloka ke devoM kI bhASya meM Ayu maryAdA adhikatama dasasAgaropama aura nyUnatama sAta sAgaropama batAI gaI hai ataH lokAntika devoM kI bhI yahI Ayu maryAdA hogii| kintu zvetAmbara AgamoM meM lokAntika devoM kI Ayu ATha sAgaropama batAI gaI hai, isa prakAra unakI dRSTi meM sUtra aura bhASya kA kathana zvetAmbara AgamoM ke sAtha saMgata nahIM hai / kintu yaha unakA nirA bhrama hai / jahA~ brahmaloka ke devoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa Ayu kI carcA hai vahA~ sAmAnya kathana hai / jabaki lokAntika devoM kI carcA eka viziSTa kathana hai / lokAntikadeva brahmaloka ke devoM kA eka choTA sA vibhAga hai punaH jaba lokAntika devoM kI Ayu brahmaloka ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa AyusImA ke antargata ho hai to usakA AgamoM ke sAtha virodha kaise huA ? virodha to taba hotA jaba unakI Ayu iso Ayu somA varga yaha bAta alaga hai ki digambara paramparA ne usake lie eka svataMtra sUtra banA liyA kintu yaha sUtra bhI zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ke viruddha nahIM hai, punaH yaha sUtra spaSTatA kI dRSTi se ho banAyA gayA hai, jo yahI siddha karatA hai ki tattvArtha sUtra kA sarvArthasiddhi kA digambara mAnya pATha pariSkArita hai / se bhinna hotI / (6) tIrthaMkara nAma karma prakRti ke bandha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra, pra 0 136 /

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326 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya jainadharma kI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paramparA meM antara mAnA jAtA hai| isI AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA jAtA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama NAyadhammakahAo, Avazyakaniyukti tathA pravacanasAroddhAra meM tIrthakara nAma karma baMdha ke bIsa kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jabaki tattvArthasUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra kI digambara TokAoM meM tIrthakara nAma karma bandha ke solaha kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai / tattvArthasUtra mUla meM yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se solaha kA saMkhyA kA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu phira bhI gaNanA karane para unakI saMkhyA solaha hI hai / 1. (a) arihaMta-siddha-pavayaNa-guru-thera-bahussue tasvasIsu / vacchalayA ya esi abhikkhanANovaAge a||1|| daMsaNaviNae Avassae a sIlavvae niricaaro| khaNalavatavacciyAe veyAvacce samAhI ya // 2 // apuvvaNANagahaNe suyabhattI pavayaNe pahAvaNayA / eehiM kAraNehiM titthayarattaM lahai jIvo // 3 // -jJAtAdharmakathA, adhyAya 8 (ba) Avazyaka niyukti 179-181, tathA 451-53 (sa) pravacanasAroddhAra, 10/312 ( devacanda lAlabhAI jainapustakodvAre granthAGka58) 2. (a) "darzanavizuddhi vinayasampannatA zIlabateSvanaticAro'bhIkSNaM jJAnopayoga saMvego zaktitastyAga-tapasI saMghosAdhusamAdhivaiyAvRtyakaraNamarhadAcAryabahuzruta-pravacanabhaktirAvazyakAparihANimArgaprabhAvanApravacanavatsalatvamiti tIrthakRttvasya tattvArthasUtra 6/24 dekheM-isI sUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, zlokavAtika Adi ttiikaayeN| (ba) "dasaNavisujjhadAe viNayasaMpaNNadAe sIlavadesu NiradicAradAe AvAsaesu aparihINadAe khaNalavapaDibujjhaNadAe laddhisaMvegasaMpaNNadAe jadhAgame tathA tave sAhUNaM pAsuapariccAgadAe sAhUNaM samAhisaMghAraNAe sAhUNaM vejjAvaccajogajuttadAe arahaMtabhattIe bahusudabhattIe pavayaNabhattIe, pavayaNavacchaladAe pavayaNappabhAvaNAe abhikkhaNaM NANovajogajuttadAe iccadehi solasehi kAraNehi jIvA titthayaraNAmagodakamma baMcaMti / " -SaTkhaNDAgama, bandhasvAmitva, 7/41

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 327 SaTkhaNDAgama meM solaha kI saMkhyA bhI spaSTa rUpa se dI gaI hai| tattvArthasUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM pandraha nAma to lagabhaga samAna hai, parantu unameM bhI eka nAma meM to spaSTa antara hai / tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya bhakti hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM usake sthAna para kSagalavapratibodhatA hai, yaha nAma zvetAmbara AgamoM meM upalabdha haiN| aparAjitasUri ne bhagavatoArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM yadyapi 16 athavA 20 kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| phira bhI darzana vizuddhi Adi ko tIrthaMkara nAma-karma bandha kA kAraNa batAyA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke bhASyamAnya zvetAmbara mUla pATha meM bhI inhIM solaha kAraNoM kA ullekha hai, kintu svopajJabhASya meM pravacana vAtsalya ke antargata bAla, vRddha, tapasvI, zaikSa aura glAna-ina pA~ca ke vAtsalya kA ullekha hai, ataH pravacana-vAtsalya ke sthAna para ina pAMcoM ko svataMtra mAnane para saMkhyA bosa ho jAtI hai| yadyapi nAmoM kI dRSTi se tattvArthabhASya ke tIna nAma Avazyakaniyukti se bhinna hote haiN| isa prakAra tIrthakara nAma karmabandha ke kAraNoM ke sambandha meM tattvArthasUtra evaM tattvArthabhASya kA dRSTikoNa zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM se kvacit bhinna hai| siddhasenagaNi ke tattvArthAdhigamasatra ke svopajJa bhASya kI TokA meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma bandha ke bIsa kAraNoM ko mAnate hue bhI yaha kahA hai ki sUtrakAra ne inameM se kucha kA bhASya meM aura kucha kA Adi zabda se grahaNa kiyA hai (iti zabda AdayarthaH) / isa prakAra tIrthakara nAmakarma baMdha ke prazna ko lekara jo vibhinna mAnyatAe~ haiM, tulanAtmaka dRSTi se unakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. darzanavizuddhadhAdi pariNAma vizeSa tIrthaMkara tvnaamkrmaatishyaaH| -bhagavatIArAdhanA, gAthA 319 kI TIkA pR0 285 2. "arhacchAsanAnuSThAyinAM zrutagharANAM bAla-bRddha-tapasvi-zaikSaglAnAdinAM ca saMgrahopagrahAnugrahakAritvaM pravacanavatsalatvamiti" -tattvArthabhASya, 6/23, 3. "viMzataH kAraNAnAM sUtrakAreNa kiMcitsUtre kiMcidbhASye kiMcit AdigrahaNAt siddhapUjA-kSaNalavadhyAnabhAvanAkhyamupAttam upayujya ca pravaktrA vyAkhyeyam / " tatvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya, 6 / 23

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328 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kra0saM0 tattvArthasUtra evaM tattvArthabhASya SaTkhaNDAgama jJAtAdharmakathA aura tattvArthasUtra kI (yApanIya paraMparA) Avazyakaniyukti digambara TIkAe~ (zvetAmbara paraMparA) 1. darzana vizuddhi darzana vizuddhi darzanavizuddhatA darzananiraticAritA 2. vinaya sampannatA vinaya sampannatA vinaya sampannatA vinayaniraticAritA 3. zIlavatAnaticAra zIlavatAnaticAra zolavratanirati- zIlavratanirati cAritA cAritA 4. abhIkSNajJAnopayoga abhIkSaNa abhIkSNa-abhIkSNa abhIkSNajJAnopayoga jJAnopayoga jJAnopayogayuktatA 5. saMvega saMvega labdhisaMvega saMpannatA 6. zaktyAnusAra tyAga zaktyAnusAra tyAga sAdhu prAsuka tyAga parityAgatA 7. zaktyAnusAra tapa zaktyAnusAra tapa yathAzakti tapa tapa 8. sAdhu samAdhi sAdhu samAdhi sAdhu samAdhi samAdhi saMdhAraNatA 9. vaiyyAvRtyakaraNa .. vaiyyAvRtyakaraNa sAdhu vaiyAvRtya- veyAvRtya yogayuktatA 10. arhat bhakti arhat bhakti arahanta bhakti arahanta vatsalatA 11. AcArya bhakti AcArya bhakti x guru vtsltaa| 12. bahuzruta bhakti bahuzruta bhakti bahuzruta bhakti bahuzruta vatsalatA .13. pravacana bhakti pravacana bhakti pravacana bhakti zruta bhakti 14. AvazyakAparihANi AvazyakAparihANi AvazyakApari- Avazyakanirati honatA cAritA 15. mArga-prabhAvanA mArga-prabhAvanA mArga-prabhAvanA pravacana prabhAvanA 16. pravacanavatsalatva pravacana vatsalatA pravacana vatsalatA pravacana vAtsalya 17. x kSaNalava pratibo- kSaNalava pratidhanatA bodhanatA 18. vRddha vatsalatA sthavira vatsalatA siddha vatsalatA tapasvI vatsalatA tapasvI vatsalatA 21. x apUrva jJAna grahaNa 22. x bAla vatsalatA zaikSavatsalatA 24. 4 glAna vatsalatA x x xxx xxx x xx xx xxx xxx

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tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 329 tIrthaMkara nAmakarmabaMdha ke isa tulanAtmaka vivaraNa meM tattvArthasUtra kA 'anya granthoM se jo antara jJAta hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai-jahA~ taka tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJa bhASya kA prazna hai-donoM meM solaha nAma samAna haiM, kintu donoM meM hI saMkhyA kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai| kintu tattvArthabhASya meM pravacana prabhAvanA ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM-1. bAlavatsalatA, 2. vRddhavatsalatA, 3. tapasvIvatsalatA, 4. zaikSavatsalatA aura 5. glAna vtsltaa| yadi hama pravacana vatsalatA ke sthAna para 'ina pA~ca upabhedoM ko mAnya karate haiM to tattvArthabhASya meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma baMdha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA bIsa ho jAtI hai, jo Age zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya rahI haiM / yadyapi donoM meM nAma aura krama meM AMzika antara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya bosa kAraNoM meM se tatvArthastra meM 15 samAna haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM ullikhita saMvega zvetAmbara paramparA meM anupalabdha hai, usake sthAna para nimna pA~ca adhika pAye jAte haiM.-1. kSaNalava pratibodhanA, 2. siddha vatsalatA, 3. sthavira vatsalatA, 4. tapasvI vatsalatA aura 5. apUrva jJAna grahaNa / yadi hama bhASya ko dRSTi se ina para vicAra kareM to 16 nAma artha kI dRSTi se lagabhaga samAna haiM-tattvArthabhASya meM 'saMvega, bAlavatsalatA, zaikSa vatsalatA aura glAna vatsalatA hai jabaki Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtAsUtra meM inake sthAna para pravacana vatsalatA, kSaNalava pratibodhanatA, siddhavatsalatA aura apUrva jJAna grahaNa hai / yadyapi pravacana vatsalatA mUla meM to hai hI aura saMvega ko apUrva jJAna grahaNa se jor3A jA sakatA hai ataH antara mAtra do meM rahatA hai / jahA~ taka tattvArthasUtra mUla aura yApanIya graMtha SaTkhaNDAgama kA prazna hai-donoM meM solaha kAraNa upasthita hote hue bho unameM bhI eka nAma meM spaSTa antara hai| jahA~ tattvArtha meM AcArya bhakti hai, vahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama meM kSaNalava prati bodhanatA hai, jisakA zvetAmbara mAnya Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtAdharmakathA meM ullekha hai| tattvArthasUtra kI . AcAryabhakti SaTkhaNDAgama meM anupasthita hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI apekSA zvetAmbara paramparA meM nimna cAra nAma adhika haiM-guru, siddha, sthavira evaM tapasvI vtsltaa| .. isa tulanA se hama do niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM, prathama yaha ki tIrthakara nAmakarmabandha ke kAraNoM ke nAma tathA saMkhyA kI dRSTi se zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara tInoM hI paramparA meM kvacit matabheda pAyA jAtA

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330 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai| na to tattvArthasUtra kI, digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya yApanIya grantha kI SaTkhaNDAgama se pUrNa ekarUpatA hai aura na zvetAmbara mAnya jJAtAdharmakathA aura Avazyakaniyukti se ho| kintu yadi ImAnadArI pUrvaka vizleSaNa kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki ina antaroM se koI saiddhAntika. virodhAbhAsa nahIM AtA / tattvArthasUtra kI AcAryabhakti na to SaTkhaNDAgamakAra ko amAnya kahI jA sakatI hai aura na guru, siddha, sthavira aura tapasvI bhakti tathA apUrva jJAna grahaNa ke prati tattvArthakAra yA SaTkhaNDAgamakAra kA koI virodha ho sakatA hai| vastutaH ye dhAraNAe~ kAlakrama meM vikasita huI haiM aura isI kAraNa unameM kvacit matabheda dekhA. jAtA hai| bhagavatoArAdhanA kI aparAjitasUri TIkA meM darzana vizuddhi Adi ko torthakaratva prApti kA kAraNa batAyA hai| isake AdhAra para kucha. vidvAnoM ne yaha mAna liyA hai ki unheM arthAt yApanIyoM ko bhI tattvArthasUtra athavA digambara sampradAya samasta solaha kAraNa hI mAnya hoMge, zvetAmbara sampradAya sammata bosa kAraNa nahIM / punaH zvetAmbaramAnya granthoM meM tIrthakara pada prApti kA prathama kAraNa arihanta-vatsalatA batAyA gayA hai. jabaki tattvArthasUtra meM prathama kAraNa darzanavizuddhi hai| isa AdhAra para unhoMne yaha bhI anumAna kara liyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara grantha nahIM ho sakatA hai| unake zabdoM meM 'isase bho anumAnita hotA hai ki, tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara grantha nahIM hai|' ___ isa sandarbha meM mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai-bIsa kAraNoM kA ullekha karane vAlI Avazyaka niyukti kI ye tInoM gAthAe~ trika haiM / isa trika meM yadi prathama do gAthAoM kA krama badala diyA jAye to zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI prArambha darzana se ho hogaa| ho sakatA hai ki umAsvAti ke sAmane yahI krama rahA ho / gAthAoM ke krama nirdhAraNa se mUla avadhAraNA meM koI antara bhI nahIM AtA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha bhI ullekha hai ki prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara sabhI kAraNoM kA sevana karate haiM kintu madhyavartI torthakara eka, do, tona yA saba kAraNoM kA sevana karate haiM / 2.. 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA pR0 100 / 2. purimeNa pacchimeNa ya, ee samve'vi phAsiyA ThANA / majjhimaehiM jiNehiM ekkaM do tiNNi savve vA // -Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 54 (niyukti saMgraha, pR0 47)

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 331 punaH tattvArthabhASya kI TIkA karate hue siddhasena gaNi spaSTa rUpa se likhate haiM ki 'ete yathoudiSTA guNA darzanavizuddhiyAdaya AtmanaH pariNAmAH samuditAH pratyekaM ca tIrthaMkara nAmakarman AzravA bhavanti na punaH niyamo asti samastA eva vyastA eva vA vikalpA artho vA zabda: / " yahA~ hama 'dekhate haiM ki siddhasena bhI darzana vizuddhi se ho prArambha karate haiM ora unake kAraNoM ko vaikalpikatA svIkArate haiM / ataH darzanavizuddhi se prArambha hone ke kAraNa yApanIyoM ko digambara sammata vahI 16 kAraNa mAnya the, yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ThIka nahIM hogA; kyoMki donoM meM eka nAma meM to spaSTa antara hai / isa carcA meM saMkhyA kA mahattva nahIM hai kyoMki bhASya, niyukti Adi sabhI yaha mAnate haiM ki inameM se kisI eka ke athavA kucheka ke athavA sabhI ke anupAlana se torthaMkara gotra kA bandha hotA hai / jahA~ taka 16 yA 20 kAraNoM ke vivAda kA prazna hai, nAmoM kI yaha bhinnatA SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai / tattvArthasUtra meM pratipAdita AcArya bhakti kA ullekha SaTkhaNDAgama meM nahIM hai usake sthAna para vahA~ 'kSaNalava pratibodhanA' kA ullekha milatA hai / jo ki jJAtAdharmakathA aura niyukti ke ullekha ke anurUpa hai / vastutaH tIrthaMkara nAmakarma prakRti ke kAraNoM kA suvyavasthita saMkhyAtmaka vivecana eka paravartI ghaTanA hai / zvetAmbara mAnya jJAtAdharmakathA meM tatsambandhI jo gAthAe~ upalabdha haiM, ve usameM Avazyaka niyukti se hI prakSipta ko gaI haiM, kyoMki prathama to grantha gadya meM hai aura dUsare usa sandarbha meM ve atyAvazyaka bhI nahIM haiM / vahA~ mahAbala ke tapa kA vivaraNa cala rahA hai, koI bhI vijJa pAThaka yaha samajha sakatA hai ki anukUla prasaMga dekhakara ye gAthAe~ usameM DAla dI gaI haiM kintu yadi yaha vivaraNa vahA~ na bhI ho to bhI koI kamI nahIM rahatI / sambhavataH isa bIsa kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa niyukti kAla meM hI huA hai / jisa prakAra tattvArthasUtra kI mUla pA~ca nayoM evaM zabdanaya ke do bhedoM kI avadhAraNA se sAta nayoM kA vikAsa huA, usI prakAra tattvArthabhASya ke mUla solaha kAraNoM tathA bhASya ke pravacana vatsalatA ke pA~ca bhedoM se hI zvetAmbaroM meM bosa kAraNoM kI mAnyatA kA vikAsa huA hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki umAsvAti kI ucca nAgara zAkhA prArambha meM 16 kAraNa. hI mAnatI ho / yadi hama isa solaha aura bIsa ke vivAda ko sAmAnya dRSTi se dekheM 1. tattvArthavigama bhASya TIkA 6 / 23 (dvitIyo vibhAga, pR0 38)

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- 332 : jenadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya to na to yaha mahattvapUrNa hI pratIta hotA hai aura na saiddhAntika hI / tattvArthaM jJAtAdharmakathA yA Avazyaka niyukti meM jo adhika bAteM haiM ve haiM - siddha bhakti, sthavira-bhakti, tapasvI vAtsalya apUrvajJAnagrahaNa tathA kSaNalava * samAdhi / jabaki tattvArtha meM ullikhita AcArya bhakti inameM nahIM hai / phira bhI ye sabhI bAteM aisI haiM jinase na zvetAmbaroM ko aura na digambaroM ko virodha ho sakatA hai | kyA digambaroM ko siddhabhakti, sthavirabhakti, tapasvI vAtsalya aura apUrva jJAna grahaNa se koI Apatti hai ? yadi bheda kI hI bAta karanI ho to phira tattvArtha sUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama bhI eka paramparA ke nahIM ho sakate kyoMki donoM meM bhI eka nAma ko bhinnatA hai aura vaha bhinna * nAma kSaNalava pratibodhanatA zvetAmbara AgamoM ke anurUpa hai / punaH vikasita karmasiddhAnta aura guNasthAna siddhAnta se yukta SaTkhaNDAgama to tatvArthasUtra se paryApta paravartI hai / SaTkhaNDAgama mUlataH yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai aura tattvArtha sUtra to zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ke vibhAjana ke pUrva kA grantha hai / punaH tIrthaMkara nAmakarma bandha ke bosa kAraNa haiM yaha avadhAraNA Agama kAla meM nahIM, niyukti kAla meM sthira huI hai aura vahIM se jJAtAdharmakathA meM DAlI gaI hai / (7) digambara vidvAnoM ne 'tattvArtha sUtra zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai' - ise siddha karane ke lie eka tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM zrAvaka ke guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA jo nirUpaNa hai, usakI zvetAmbara AgamoM ke sAtha saMgati nahIM hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI dikhAyA hai ki isa asaMgati kA ullekha svayaM zvetAmbara TIkAkAra siddhasena gaNi ne kiyA hai aura usake parihAra kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra ke dvArA isa asaMgati ko jisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai-use hama avi"kala rUpa se noce de rahe haiM / ve likhate haiM ki " sAtaveM adhyAya kA 16vA~ sUtra isa prakAra hai "digdezAnarthadaNDaviratisAmAyika proSadhopavAsopabhogaparibhogaparimANA'tithi saMvibhAgavrata sampannazca / " isa sUtra meM tIna guNavratoM aura cAra zikSAvratoM ke bheda vAle sAta uttaravratoM kA nirdeza hai, jinheM zIlavrata bhI kahate haiM / guNavratoM kA nirdeza pahale aura zikSAvratoM kA nirdeza bAda meM hotA hai, isa dRSTi se isa sUtra meM prathama nirdiSTa hue digvrata, dezavrata aura anarthadaNDavirativrata ye tIna guNavrata haiM; zeSa sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, upabhogaparibhogaparimANa aura atithi ---

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 333 saMvibhAga, ye cAra zikSAvrata haiN| parantu zvetAmbara Agama meM dezavrata ko guNavatoM meM na lekara zikSAvratoM meM liyA hai aura isI taraha upabhogapari-. bhogaparimANavata kA grahaNa zikSAvratoM meM na karake guNavatoM meM kiyA hai| jaisA ki zvetAmbara Agama ke nimna sUtra se prakaTa hai "AgAradhamma duvAlasavihaM Aikkhai, taM jahA-paMcaaNuvvayAI tiNi guNavvayAI cattAri sikkhAvayAI / tiNi guNavvayAI, taM jahA-aNatthadaNDa-. veramANaM, disitvayaM, upabhogaparibhogaparimANaM / cattAri sikkhAvayAI, taM jahA-sAmAiyaM, desAvagAsiyaM, posahopavAse, atihisNvibhaage|" -aupapAtika zrovoradezanA sUtra 57. ___ isase tattvArthazAstra kA ukta sUtra zvetAmbara Agama ke sAtha saMgata nahIM, yaha spaSTa hai| isa asaMgati ko siddhasenagaNI ne bhI anubhava kiyA hai aura apanI TIkA meM yaha batalAte hue ki 'ArSa (Agama) meM to guNavatoM kA krama se Adeza karake zikSAvratoM kA upadeza diyA hai, kintu sUtrakAra ne anyathA kiyA hai', yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki sUtrakAra ne parama ArSa vacana kA kisaliye ullaMghana kiyA hai ? jaisA ki nimna TokA ke vAkya se prakaTa hai___"samprati kramanidiSTaM dezavratamucyate / atrAha vakSyati bhavAn dezavataM / paramArSavacanakramaH kaimarthyAdbhinnaH sUtrakAreNa ? ArSe tu guNavatAni krameNadizya zikSAvatAnyupadiSTAni sUtrakAreNa tvnythaa|" isake bAda prazna ke uttara rUpa meM isa asaMgati ko dUra karane athavA usa para kucha pardA DAlane kA yatla kiyA gayA hai, aura vaha isa prakAra hai "tatrAyamabhiprAyaH-pUrvato yojanazataparimitaM gamanamabhigRhotam / na cAsti sambhavo yatpratidivasaM tAvatI digavagAhyA, tatastadanantaramevopadiSTaM dezavatamiti deze-bhAge'vasthAnaM pratipraharaM pratikSaNamiti sukhAvabodhArthamanyathA krmH|" ___isameM anyathA krama kA yaha abhiprAya batalAyA hai ki-'pahale se kisI ne 100 yojana parimANa dizAgamana kI maryAdA lI parantu pratidina utano dizA kA avagAhana sambhava nahIM hai, isaliye usake bAda hI dezavata kA upadeza diyA hai| isase pratidina, pratiprahara aura pratikSaga pUrvagRhota maryAdA ke eka deza meM eka bhAga meM avasthAna hotA hai| ataH sukhabodhArthasaralatA se samajhAne ke lie yaha anyathA krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|' /

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334 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya yaha uttara baccoM ko bahakAne jaisA hai| samajha meM nahIM AtA ki deza-vrata ko sAmAyika ke bAda rakhakara usakA svarUpa vahA~ batalA dene se usake sukhabodhArtha meM kauna-sI ar3acana par3atI athavA kaThinatA upasthita hotI thI aura ar3acana athavA kaThinatA AgamakAra ko kyoM nahIM sUjha par3I? kyA AgamakAra kA lakSya sukhabodhArtha nahIM thA? AgamakAra ne to adhika zabdoM meM acchI taraha samajhAkara-bhedopabheda ko batalAkara likhA hai| parantu bAta vAstava meM sukhabodhArtha athavA mAtra krama bheda kI nahIM hai, kramabheda to dUsarA bhI mAnA jAtA hai-Agama meM anarthadaNDavrata ko digvata se bhI pahale diyA hai, jisakI siddhasena gaNI ne koI carcA nahIM kI hai| parantu vaha kramabheda guNavata-guNavrata kA hai, jisakA vizeSa mahatva nahIM; yahA~ to usa kramabheda ko bAta hai jisase eka guNavrata zikSAvrata aura eka zikSA vrata guNavrata ho jAtA hai aura isalie isa prakAra kI asaMgati sukhabodhArtha kaha dene mAtra se dUra nahIM ho sktii| ataH spaSTa kahanA hogA ki isake dvArA dUsare zAsana bheda ko apanAyA gayA hai|" isa sandarbha meM merA nivedana isa prakAra hai prathamataH to aise AvAntara matabheda eka hI paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hote haiM, hameM to yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki kyA yaha koI mahattvapUrNa saiddhAntika asaMgati hai ? yadi hama guNavatoM yA zikSAvratoM ke nAmoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra karate haiM to hama yaha pAte haiM ki vartamAna meM jo zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA vibhAjana pA~ca aNavata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAkta ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai vaha zvetAzbara AgamoM meM bhI samAna rUpa se nahIM hai| vaha eka kAlakrama meM vikasita evaM sunizcita huA hai| isa sambandha meM pratyeka paramparA meM AvAntara matabheda dekhe jA sakate haiN| zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM bhI aupapAtika meM jo pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavata, zikSAvata kA vibhAjana hai, vaha upAsakadazAMga meM nahIM hai| upAsakadazAMga meM pA~ca aNavrata aura sAta zikSAvratoM kA ullekha hai| guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM kA vibhAjana tattvArthasUtra aura upAsakadazAMga kI racanA ke pazcAt huA hai, jo grantha aise ullekha se yukta haiM, ve paravartI haiM / jahA~ taka zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke nAmoM kA prazna hai vahA~ taka zvetAmbara AgamoM aura tattvArthasUtra meM nAmoM ko lekara koI asaMgati nahIM 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza-paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra, pR0 140-142 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 335 hai / upAsakadazAMga, aupapAtika aura tattvArthasUtra meM samAna rUpa se unhIM - bAraha nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai / ataH nAmoM ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara AgamoM aura tattvArthasUtra meM kahIM koI asaMgati nahIM hai / jisa asaMgati * kA nirdeza paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra aura anya digambara vidvAn karate haiM : tathA jise siddhasenagaNi ne bhI spaSTa kiyA hai, vaha krama sambandhI asaMgati hai / upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata ko zvetAmbara paramparA meM guNavratoM meM samAhita kiyA jAtA hai jabaki tattvArtha meM krama ko dRSTi se vaha zikSAvratoM ke antargata AtA hai / kintu guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA yaha vibhAjana : prAcIna nahIM hai, tattvArthasUtra ke pazcAt kA hai / tattvArtha meM to aNuvrata - aura vrata ye do hI vibhAga haiM / upAsakadazAMga bhI spaSTa rUpa se pA~ca : aNuvrata aura sAta zikSAvratoM kA ullekha karatA hai' / guNavratoM kA nirdeza zvetAmbara Agamika sAhitya meM sarvaprathama aupapAtika meM milatA hai aura yaha nizcita hai ki upAsakadazAMga aupapAtika se prAcIna hai / tattvArthasUtra meM to guNavrata aura zikSAvrata aisA nAma bhI nahIM hai usameM to mAtra aNuvrata aura vrata yahI ullekha hai| bhASyakAra aNuvrata aura uttaravrata athavA zIla kahakara unameM antara karatA hai jise upAsakadazAMga meM zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai use ho tattvArtha bhASya meM uttaravrata yA zIla kahA gayA / ataH tattvArthamUla, bhASya aura upAsakadazAMga kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to usa kAla taka vahA~ guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA bheda hI utpanna nahIM huA thA ataH unameM koI krama bhaMga huA yaha kahanA hI ucita nahIM hai / hameM mAtra avadhAraNAoM para hI vicAra nahIM karanA cAhie, varan una avadhAraNAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama ko bhI samajhanA cAhie / durbhAgya se hamAre digambara vidvAn avadhAraNAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiM, aura yaha mAna lete haiM Aja jainadharma kA jo rUpa hai, vaha saba mahAvIra pratipAdita hai / jisake pariNAmasvarUpa jaina - vidyA kA = 1. 'paMcAaNuvattiaM sattasikkhAva iyaM duvAlasa vihaM giridhammaM paDivajjissAmi / -- upAsakadazAMga 1 / 25 (saM0 madhukara muni) 2. tattvArtha sUtra 7 / 15-17 3. ( a ) digvratAdimirUttaravrataiH sampanno'gArI vratIbhavati / (ba) etAni dikhatAdIni zIlAni bhavati - tattvArtha bhASya 7 / 16 - tattvArthabhASya 7 / 17

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336 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya samasta itihAsa hI asta-vyasta ho jAtA hai| yadi hama aitihAsika krama se dekheM to pahale zrAvaka ke aNuvratoM aura uttaravratoM, jinheM zikSAvrata bhI kahA gayA, ko avadhAraNA banI hogii| usake bAda hI uttaravratoM (zikSAvratoM) kA guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM meM vibhAjana huA hogA / ataH adhikAMza digambara vidvAnoM kA yaha kahanA ki tattvArthasUtra aura zvetAmbara AgamoM meM guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM ke krama ko lekara antara hai, kevala logoM ko bhramita karane ke lie hai yA mAtra apanI paramparA kA poSaNa karane ke lie hai| aba rahA prazna vratoM ke krama kA to prArambha meM yaha krama bhI sunizcita nahIM rahA yadi hama zvetAmbara Agama upAsakadazAMga aura aupapAtika ko hI leM to vahA~ krama meM antara hai| jahA~ aupapAtika meM anarthadaNDaviramaNa ko chaThA~, dikvrata ko sAtavA~ aura upabhoga paribhoga parimANa kA AThavA~ krama diyA gayA hai. vahIM upAsakadazAMga meM divrata ko chaThA~, upabhoga paribhoga parimANa ko sAtavA~ tathA anarthadaNDa viramaNa ko AThavA~ sthAna diyA gayA hai| ataH zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM meM sunizcita krama nirdhAraNa aura usa krama ke anusaraNa kI sthiti chaThI zatI se bhI paravartI hai| jaba Agama granthoM meM evaM prAcIna digambara aura yApanIya AcAryoM meM hI sunizcita krama nahIM hai, to phira umAsvAti para yaha doSAropaNa hI kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne krama bhaMga kiyA hai| jaba sAtoM hI uttaravrata yA zikSAvrata the to unameM eka nizcita krama kA hI anusaraNa kiyA jAya, yaha Avazyaka nahIM thaa| siddhasenagaNi ne bhI bhASyakAra para jo AkSepa kiyA hai, vaha apanI sAmpradAyika sthiti ke kAraNa hI kiyA hai| dUsare yaha ki unake kAla taka paravartI AgamoM meM yaha krama nizcita ho gayA thA, ataH unheM yaha asaMgati pratIta huii| umAsvAti ne khAna-pAna se sambandhita uttaravratoM ko eka sAtha rakha kara eka apanA vizeSa dRSTi kA hI paricaya diyA hai ataH yaha kahanA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai ki zrAvaka ke vratoM ke vivecana ke sandarbha meM tattvArthaaura zvetAmbara AgamoM meM asaMgati hai ataH tattvArtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai| yadi, upAsakadazA aura aupapAtika sUtra ina zvetAmbara mAnya do AgamoM meM hI kramabheda haiM to kyA ve donoM Agama zvetAmbara paramparA ke nahIM mAne jaayeNge| paM0 jugalakizora jI jaba donoM hI AgamoM ko zvetAmbara mAnakara uddhRta kara rahe haiM to kyA ve unake kramabheda ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala kiye hue haiM ?

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 337 aba yadi yahI krama bhaMga kA AdhAra grantha ke zvetAmbaratva aura digambaratva kI kasauTI mAnA jAtA hai, to prathama prazna to yahI uThatA hai ki kyA tattvArthasatra meM zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM kA jisa rUpa meM va jisa krama se vivecana hai, vahI digambara paramparA meM pAyA jAtA hai| hamAre digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne isa bAta ko bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki umAsvAti kundakunda ke ziSya haiM aura tattvArtha kI avadhAraNAoM ke mUla boja zvetAmbara AgamoM meM nahIM, apitu AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM upasthita hai| yadi yahI bAta hai to zrAvaka ke vratoM kI umAsvAti kI pratipAdana zailI aura kundakunda kI pratipAdana zailI ko jarA tulanA kara lI jAya / umAsvAti jina pAMca aNuvratoM aura sAta utaravatAM ko. tattvArthasUtra mUla aura bhASya meM prastuta karate haiM, ve kundakunda ke granthoM meM bhI usa rUpa meM nahIM milate haiM / kundakunda aupapAtika ke samAna hI zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvrata meM vibhAjana karate haiN| jabaki tattvArthasatra upAsakadazAMga kA anusaraNa karate hue zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA aNuvrata aura vrata ( uttaravrata / zikSAvata) ke rUpa meM ullekha karatA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki kundakunda umAsvAti se paravartI haiN| vaise kundakunda ke grantha paMcAstikAya ( 1/14 ) meM saptabhaMgI tathA guNasthAna kA ullekha hone se bhI ve umAsvAti kI apekSA paravartI hI siddha hote haiN| jahA~ taka zrAvaka ke vratoM kI saMkhyA kA prazna hai umAsvAti aura kundakunda donoM hI bAraha kI saMkhyA to svIkAra karate haiM kintu unake nAmoM ko lekara mahattvapUrNa antara hai| kundakunda digvrata aura dezavrata donoM ko milAkara eka kara dete haiM aura unake sthAna para bAraha ko saMkhyA kI pUrti karane ke lie saMlekhanA ko zikSAvrata meM jor3a dete haiM / punaH jahA~ kundakunda anarthadaNDa / 1. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra ke bIjoM kI khoja-paM0 paramAnanda jainazAstrI, prakAzita 'anekAMta' varSa 4 kiraNa 1 pR0 17-37 2. paMcevaNuvvayAI guNavvayAiM havaMti taha tiNNi / sikkhAvayaM cattAri ya saMjamacaraNaM ca sAyAraM // thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adattathUle ya / pariharo paramahilA pariggahAraMbha parimANaM / / disividisimANa paDhama aNatthadaMDassa vajjaNaM vidiyaM / bhogopabhogaparimANaM iyameva guNavvayA tiNNi // 22

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338 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ko sAtavA aura bhogopabhoga parimANa ko AThavA~ vrata mAnate haiM, vahIM umAsvAti anarthadaNDa ko to sAtavA~ mAnate haiM, kintu bhoga paribhoga-parimANa ko gyArahavAM vrata mAnate haiM / jabaki kundakunda ne use AThavA~ aura guNavrata kI dRSTi se tIsarA mAnA hai / punaH kundakunda aNuvrata, guNavrata evaM zikSAvrata aisA vibhAjana karate haiM jabaki umAsvAti aNuvrata aura vrata ( uttaravrata ) aisA vibhAjana karate haiN| yadi umAsvAti kA zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA krama zvetAmbara AgamoM se asaMgata hai to vaha kundakunda se bhI to asaMgata hai| mAtra yahI nahIM kundakunda meM yaha asaMgati tiharI hai| kundakunda ne guNavrata aura zikSAvrata kA bheda mAnA hai jaba ki umAsvAti ne yaha bheda nahIM kiyA hai| dUsare yaha ki kundakunda digvrata aura dezavata ko alaga-alaga nahIM mAnate tathA unakA krama umAsvAti se bhinna hai| tIsare ve saMlekhanA ko bArahaveM vrata ke rUpa meM ginate haiM, jise umAsvAti zrAvaka ke vratoM meM vargIkRta hI nahIM karate / hameM yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA ki Agama se mAtra kramabhaMga ke AdhAra para yadi umAsvAti zvetAmbara mahIM haiM, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai, to kundakunda jisake ve ziSya mAne jAte haiM aura jinake granthoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kI haijaisA ki digambara vidvAnoM dvArA mAnA jAtA hai, to unase tattvArthasUtra kI itanI asaMgati kyoM hai.? hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki zrAvaka ke vratoM kA aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM meM vibhAjana evaM unake nAma aura krama ko lekara na kevala zvetAmbara paramparA meM avAntara antara pAyA jAtA hai balki digambara paramparA meM bhI avAntara antara pAyA jAtA hai aura vaha antara zvetAmbaroM kI apekSA bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa aura saiddhAntika hai / digambara paramparA meM zrAvaka ke vratoM ko lekara AcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda hai / amRtacandra puruSArtha siddhayupAya' meM, somadeva upAsakAdhyayana meM, amitagati zrAvakAcAra sAmAiyaM ca paDhamaM vidiyaM ca taheva posahaM bhaNiyaM / taiyaM ca atihipujja cauttha sallehaNA aMte // -cAritrapAhuDa (paramazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala agAsa) 23-26 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya 40-176 (jJAtavya hai ki amRtacandra tattvArthasUtra ke krama kA pUrNataH anusaraNa karate hai aura guNavrata aura zikSAvrata ke sthAna para zIla zabda kA prayoga karate haiM) aNuvratAni paJcaiva triprakAraM guNavataM / zikSAvratAni catvAri guNAH syuddha dishotre| -upAsakAdhyayana 299 2.

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tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 339 meM,'padmanandi paMcaviMzatimeM aura paM0 rAjamalla ne lATI saMhitA meM umAsvAti kA anusaraNa karate hue pA~ca aNuvratoM aura sAta zIloM kA ullekha karate haiM aura isa prakAra kundakunda aura ina AcAryoM ke vargIkaraNa meM spaSTa antara dekhA jAtA hai| ye sabhI AcArya saMlekhanA ko zrAvaka vratoM meM samAhita nahIM karate haiN| jabaki kundakunda digvata aura dezavata ko eka mAnakara saMlekhanA ko bAraha vratoM meM samAhita karate haiN| harivaMza purANa meM tattvArthasUtra kA anusaraNa karate hue digvrata aura dezavrata ko alagaalaga mAnA gayA hai / yahI sthiti AdipurANa kI bhI hai usameM bhI 'divrata aura dezavrata alaga-alaga mAne gaye haiN| kArtikeyAnuprekSA aura [ jJAtavya hai ki somadeva ne bhI upabhoga paribhoga ko zikSAvata meM ginA hai aura use 11 vAM sthAna diyA hai| kintu aNuvratoM meM ve acaurya ko dUsarA aura satya ko tIsarA aNuvrata mAnate haiM dekheM--upAsakAdhyayana 7/299-424 ] 1. aNuguNazikSAdyAni vratAni gRhamedhinAM nigadyate / paMcatri catuH saMkhyAsahitAni dvAdaza prAptaH / / -amitagati zrAvakAcAra 6/2 [jJAtavya hai ki amitagati nAma evaM krama meM pUrNataH umAsvAti kA anusaraNa karate haiM unhoMne bhI dik aura deza vrata ko guNavrata aura upabhoga-paribhoga ko zikSAvata mAnA hai dekheM-amitagati zrAvakAcAra 76-95 ] 2. padmanandi-paJcaviMzati : (jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, zolApura ) 6/24 [ isakI hindI vyAkhyA meM zvetAmbara mAnya upAsakadazA ke anurUpa digvrata, anartha daNDa aura bhogApabhoga parimANa ko guNavrata meM aura dezAvakAzika (dezavata ) ko zikSAvrata meM mAnA hai yadyapi yahA~ anarthadaNDa kA krama 7 vA~ hai jabaki usameM AThavA~ hai / ] 3. digdezAnarthadaNDAnAM viratiH syAdguNavratam--6/109-110 sAtha hI dekheM 6/151 ke nIce uddhRta sUtra, (pR0 113) / jJAtavya hai paM0 rAjamalla ne vrata vivecana meM umAsvAti kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / 4. dekheM-harivaMza purANa, jinasena (prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha) 58/136 183 5. svAmi kArtikeyAnuprekSA 330-368-[ jJAtavya hai ki isameM anarthadaNDa ko dUsarA aura bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata ko tIsarA guNavrata kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI zikSAvratoM meM sAmayika ko prathama, proSadhopavAsa ko dvitIya, atithi

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340 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sAgAradharmAmRta' bhI AdipurANa aura harivaMzapurANa kA hI anusaraNa karate haiM / isa prakAra ye sabhI kundakunda se bhinna dRSTikoNa rakhate haiN| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM yadyapi anya nAma to umAsvAti ke anusAra hI pAye jAte haiN| kintu atithisaMvibhAga ke sthAna para vaiyAvatya kA ullekha hai| yahA~ bhI jo guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA vibhAjana hai tathA jo krama hai, vaha bhagavatIArAdhanA upAsakadazA evaM aupapAtika se bhinna hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki digambara paramparA meM zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM ke nAma aura krama ko lekara eka nahIM, tIna paramparA pAyI jAtI hai aura pUnaH ye tonoM paramparAyeM bhI pUrNataH tattvArtha kA anusaraNa nahIM karatI haiM / kahIM nAma kA to kahIM krama kA antara hai| jaba nAmoM meM samAnatA hote hue bhI mAtra kramabhaMga ke AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra ko zvetAmbara AgamoM se asaMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai aura yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha nahIM hai to phira digambara paramparA ke zrAvaka vratoM ke vargIkaraNa kI upalabdha tInoM paramparAoM se kahIM nAma aura kahIM krama kI dRSTi se bheda hote hue bhI tattvArthasUtra usa paramparA kA kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? dUsaroM kI asaMgatiyoM ko ujAgara karake apanI asaMgatiyoM ko na dekhanA kahA~ kA nyAya hai ? krama bheda ke jisa tarka ke AdhAra para tattvArtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, usI tarka ke AdhAra para vaha digambara paramparA kA bhI siddha nahIM hotA hai| saMvibhAga ko tRtIya aura dezAvakAzika ko sabase anta meM caturtha sthAna diyA gayA hai| 1. dekheM-sAgAradharmAmRta 5/1-23 tathA 5/24-55 jJAtavya hai ki paM0 AzAdharajI ke zrAvaka vrata vivecana meM umAsvAti ke sthAna para zvetAmbaramAnya aupapAtika sUtra kA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai phira bhI Antarika krama meM bhinnatA hai| isameM anarthadaNDa ko dUsarA guNavrata aura bhogopabhoga parimANa ko tIsarA guNavrata kahA gayA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM anarthadaNDa ko tIsarA aura bhogopabhoga parimANa ko dUsarA guNavata mAnA gayA hai| zikSAvratoM meM bhI isameM dezAvakAzika ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAmAyika ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| 2. dekheM-ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra (samantabhadra) 51-121 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA (saM0 paM0 kailAzacandajI, jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha zolA pura) 2073-2075

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 341 paMDita jugalakizorajI mukhtAra' ne tattvArthasUtra kI zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA se bhinnatA siddha karate hue yaha bhI batAyA hai ki "tattvArthabhASya meM nAmakarma kI prakRtiyoM kI carcA karate hue pA~ca paryAptiyoM kA ullekha huA hai / yathA-paryAptiH paMcavidhA tadyathA - AhAraparyApti, zarIraparyApti, indriyaparyApti, zvAsozvAsaparyApti aura bhASAparyApti / 2 yaha suspaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM chaha 'paryAptiyA~ mAnI jAtI haiM, jabaki bhASya meM pA~ca paryAptiyoM kA ullekha hai ataH bhASya kA ukta kathana zvetAmbara Agama ke anukUla nahIM hai / " siddhasenagaNi ne tattvArtha bhASya kI TIkA meM isa asaMgati ko uThAyA hai, ve likhate haiM ki paramaArSavacana meM arthAt Agama meM to SaT paryAptiyA~ prasiddha haiM / phira yaha paryAptiyoM kI pA~ca saMkhyA kaisI ? isa zaMkA kA nivAraNa karate hue unhoMne svayaM yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA hai ki indriya paryApti meM manaH paryApti kA grahaNa samajha lenA cAhie, vastutaH pA~ca aura chaH paryAptiyoM kA yaha prazna saiddhAntika nahIM / 3 AgamoM meM eka tathya ko . aneka apekSAoM se aneka prakAra se vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai / jaise -saMjJA kA vargIkaraNa cAra saMjJA ke rUpa meM bhI milatA hai aura dasa saMjJA ke rUpa meM bhI / yadi hama vyApaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM to mana bhI indriya - varga se bhinna nahIM hai, use no-indriya kahA gayA hai / ataH bhASya meM mana:paryApti kA alaga se ullekha nahIM hone kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki koI Agama se bhinna mata prastuta kara rahA hai / yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki tattvArtha mUla aura usake bhASya donoM kI zailI sUtra zailI hai - aura sUtra zailI meM anAvazyaka vistAra se bacanA hotA hai / punaH prAcIna paramparA meM mana kA grahaNa indriya ke antargata hotA thA / anya darzanoM meM mana ko indriya mAnA ho gayA hai / tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kI racanA para anya paramparA ke sUtra granthoM kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / sambhavataH umAsvAti ne anya paramparAoM ke prabhAva aura saMkSiptatA kI dRSTi se 1 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR0 142 2. paryAptiH paMcavidhA / tadyathA - AhAraparyAptiH zarIraparyAptiH indriyaparyAptiH prANApAnaparyAptiH bhASAparyAptiriti / " - tattvArtha bhASya 8/12 3. " nanu ca SaT paryAptayaH paramArSavacanaprasiddhAH kathaM paMcasaMkhyAkA ? iti / " * " indriyaparyAptigrahaNAdiha manaH paryApterapi grahaNamavaseyam / " - tattvArthAdhigama bhASya TIkA 8112 (bhAga 2, pU0 159-160 )

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342 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya yaha zailI apanAI hai| yaha bAta hama pUrva meM hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki umAsvAti ke kAla meM na to sAmpradAyika mAnyatAeM hI pUrNataH sthira ho pAI thIM aura na Agamika mAnyatAoM meM ekarUpatA hI thii| ataH aise sAmAnya matabheda bahuta adhika mahattva nahIM rakhate haiN| punaH paryAptiyoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca mAnane se yaha to siddha nahIM hotA hai ki tattvArthabhASya aura usake kartA digambara haiN| kyoMki digambara bhI to chaH paryApti mAnate haiM, hama yaha bhI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki umAsvAti ke sAmane jo Agama rahe haiM ve valabhI meM sampAdita Agama nahIM hai, unake samakSa valabhI ke sampAdana aura saMkalana ke pUrva ke Agama the| ataH aise matabheda svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki jaina darzana meM mAnyatA sambandhI sthirIkaraNa 5vIM-6vIM zatI meM huA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kA zvetAmbara aura usake mAnya AgamoM se antara spaSTa karate hue paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra likhate haiM ki tattvArtha ke naveM adhyAya meM jo dazadharma viSayaka sUtra haiM, usake bhASya meM bhikSu kI bAraha pratimAoM kA nirdeza hai| ina bhikSu kI bAraha pratimAoM meM sAta pratimAe~ kramazaH eka mAsa se lekara sAta mAsa taka kI hai| tIna pratimAe~ kramazaH sAta rAtrikI aura caudaha rAtrikI aura ikkIsa rAtrikI haiN| zeSa do pratimAe~ kramazaH ahorAtrikI aura ekarAtrikI hai|' siddhasenagaNi ke isa bhASya kI TIkA likhate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA hai ki Agama ke anusAra to tIna pratimAe~ saptarAtrikI mAnI gaI haiM / caturdazarAtrikI aura ekaviMzati rAtrikI pratimAeM Agama ke anusAra nahIM haiN| isa sandarbha meM unakA spaSTa kathana hai ki yaha bhASya Agama ke anukUla nahIM hai, yaha pramatta gIta hai| umAsvAti to pUrvo ke jJAtA the| ve AgamoM se asaMgata vacana kisa prakAra likha sakate the| sambhavataH Agama-- sUtra kI anabhijJatA se utpanna huI bhrAMti ke kAraNa kisI ne isa vacana kI racanA kI hai| siddhasenagaNi ne yaha bhrAnti kaise huI isakA bhI ullekha 1. "tathA dvAdazabhikSu-pratimAH mAsikyAdayaH AsaptamAsikyaH sapta, saptacaturda zaikaviMzatirAtrikyastisraH ahorAtrikI ekarAtriko ceti / " -tattvArthadhigamasUtra bhASya TIkA (siddhasenagaNi) 9 / 67 bhAga 2 pa0 205 2. "saptacaturdazaikaviMzatirAtrikyastisra iti nedaM paramArSavacanAnusAribhASya kiM tarhi ? pramattagItametat / vAcakohi pUrvavit kathamevaM vidhamArSavisaMvAdi nibadhnIyAt ? sUtrAnavabodhAduSajAtabhrAntinA kenApi racitametadvacanakam / doccA sacarAIdiyA taiyA sattarAIdiyA-dvitIyA saptarAtriko tRtIyA

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 343 kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki Agama ke prAkRta vacana ke samyak artha ko nahIM samajhane ke kAraNa hI yaha bhrAnti ho gaI haiN| yadi hama yaha bhI mAna le ki bhASya kA yaha aMza prakSipta na hokara maulika hI hai, to bhI isase unake sampradAya ke nirdhAraNa meM koI sahAyatA nahIM milatI hai| kyoMki bhASyagata yaha mAnyatA zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya kisI ke pakSa meM nahIM jAtI hai| isase itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki umAsvAti kI kucha mAnyatAe~ ina tInoM paramparAoM se pRthak thii| isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki ve ina sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva hue haiN| paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne tattvArtha bhASya kI zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se asaMgati dikhAte hae yaha bhI likhA hai ki "naveM adhyAya ke antima satra meM pUlAka, bakuza Adi nigranthoM ke nyanatama aura adhikatama zrutajJAna sambandhI jo mAnyatAe~ haiM ve zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se saMgati nahIM rakhatI haiM / jahA~ taka jaghanya zrutajJAna ko mAnyatA kA prazna hai vahA~ taka to bhASya aura zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM saMgati hai| kintu jahA~ utkRSTa zratajJAna sambandhI mAnyatA kA prazna hai, vahA~ bhASya aura zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM antara hai| udAharaNa ke lie pulAka muniyoM kA utkRSTa zrutajJAna Agama meM navapUrva taka batAyA gayA hai jabaki bhASya meM abhinna akSara dasa pUrva arthAt pUrNa dasa pUrva batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra bakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla muniyoM kA zrutajJAna Agama meM caudaha pUrva taka batAyA gayA hai, jabaki bhASya unake utkRSTa zrutajJAna ko dasa pUrva se adhika nahIM mAnatA hai| isa prakAra bhASya aura Agamika mAnyatAoM meM antara hai| 2 siddhasena gaNi ne isa antara kA ullekha to kiyA hai kintu unhoMne Agama se isakI saMgati biThAne kA prayatna nahIM kiyA, mAtra itanA hI kahakara isa viSaya ko chor3a diyA hai ki Agama meM anyathA vyavasthA hai| saptarAtrikoti sUtra nirbhedaH / dve saptarAtre trINIti saptarAtrANIti sUtranirbhedaM kRtvA paThitamajJena sapvacaturdazaikaviMzatirAtrikyastitra iti / -vahI 9 / 6 / 7 bhAga 2 pR0 206 1. vahI 9 / 6 / 7 pR0 206 (antima do paMktiyAM) 2. dekheM-jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, le0 paM0 jugalakizora jI mustAra, pR0 144-155 3. tattvAryAdhigamasUtra bhASya TIkA (siddhasenagaNi ) bhAga 2, 9/61/8 pR0 206

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344 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya isa sandarbha meM hama pUrva meM hI saMketa kara cuke haiM ki umAsvAti ke kAla taka aneka mAnyatAe~ sthira nahIM ho pAI thiiN| AcAryoM meM ina mAnyatAoM ko lekara paraspara matabhinya thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki siddhasena gaNi jina AgamoM kA sandarbha de rahe haiM ve valabhI vAcanA ke Agama haiM aura yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha vAcanA umAsvAti ke bAda huI hai| umAsvAti kA mata yadi kisI vAcanA vizeSa se matabheda rakhatA hai to isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki ve Agama virodhI the| jaisA hama saMketa kara cuke haiM ki jinheM digambara paramparA apane Agama mAna rahI hai aise prAcona zaurasenI ke Agama-tulya grantha kasAyapAhur3a aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI paraspara matavaibhinya haiN| karmaprakRtiyoM ke kSaya ke prazna ko lekara kasAyapAhur3a kI cUlikA aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke 'satprarUpaNA' dvAra ke mata bhinna-bhinna haiM / phira to inheM bho bhinna paramparA kA mAnanA hogaa| SaTkhaNDAgama meM svayaM Arya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahasti ke mantavyoM kI bhinnatA kA ullekha AyA hai aura usameM Arya maMkSu kI mAnyatA ko aparyavasita yA amAnya kahA gayA hai / aise aneka pramANa upalabdha hote haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dUsarI aura tIsarI zatAbdiyoM meM AcAra, tattvamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA aura karma sambandhI avadhAraNAoM ko lekara jainAcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda the / kyoMki usa yuga meM na to sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa huA thA aura na mAnyatAoM kA sthirIkaraNa / yadi zvetAmbara AgamoM se mAnyatA bheda ke kAraNa-umAsvAti zvetAmbara nahIM haiM-yaha kahA jA sakatA hai to puNya-prakRti athavA jina ke pariSahoM Adi kI bhinnatA ko lekara yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ve digambara bhI nahIM haiN| jo tarka AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI umAsvAti ke zvetAmbara hone ke virodha meM dete haiM, ve hI tarka samAna rUpa se umAsvAti ke digambara hone ke virodha meM bhI lAgU hote hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki tarka kA jo cAkU 1. donoM ke mAnyatA bheda ke sambandha meM dekheM-SaTkhaNDAgama parizIlana-paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha pR0 148-149 2. isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA ke liye dekhe(a) kasAyapAhuDasutta--saM0 paM0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakAzaka vIra zAsana saMgha kalakattA 1955 prastAvanA pR0 24-25 (va) SaTkhaNDAgama parizIlana-paM0 bAlacanda zAstrI pR0 646-648 (sa) SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalATIkA pustaka 16 pR0 578'

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tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 345 dUsare kA galA kATa sakatA hai, vaha apanA bhI galA kATa sakatA hai / ataH aise tarkoM ke sambandhoM meM hameM bahuta sAvadhAna rahane ko AvazyakatA hai| - DA0 koThiyA ne tattvArthasUtra ko digambara paramparA kA siddha karane ke 'lie jo taka upasthita kiye haiM, ve ho tarka paM0 kailAzacandajI ne jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga-2 (pR0 228 se 272 ) meM bhI vistAra se prastuta kiye haiN| paM0 jugalakizora jI Adi digambara paramparA ke aneka anya vidvAnoM ne bhI unhIM muddoM ko chaA hai| hama una saba kI carcA punaH yahA~ nahIM kreNge| unhoMne jo naye mudde uThAye haiM unameM eka pariSahoM kI carcA meM nAgnya zabda kA prayoga hai| jisakA saMketa paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAnta zAstrI ne sarvArthasiddhi ko bhUmikA meM bhI kiyA hai / tatvArthasUtra meM paroSahoM meM acela ke sthAna para nAgnya zabda ke prayoga ko dekhakara DaoN0 koThiyA ne yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki jaba zvetAmbara paramparA ne acela zabda kA artha alpacela ke rUpa meM bhraSTa kara diyA, to usa paramparA se apane ko pRthaka karane ke lie sUtrakAra ne acela ke sthAna para 'nAgnya' zabda prayoga kiyaa| sarvaprathama to hama paNDita jI se yaha jAnanA cAheMge ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM acela zabda kA alpacela artha kaba pracalita haA ? tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke pahale yA bAda meM ? zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya AgamoM meM to acela kA artha alpacela hotA hai, aisA kahoM likhA nahIM hai, niyuktiyA~ bhI isa sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM karatI haiN| isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama ullekha NiyoM evaM TIkAoM meM milatA hai aura jaisA ki donoM paramparA ke vidvAna mAnate haiM, caNiyA~ evaM TokAe~ to 7 vIM zatI yA usake bhI bAda racI gayI haiM, phira tIsarI yA cauthI zatI meM hue umAsvAti ko yaha kaise jJAta ho gayA ki acela kA artha zvetAmbara AcArya alpacela karate haiM / kyA ve sarvajJa the ? yA ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke udbhava ke bAda hue haiM ? sambhavataH DaoN0 koThiyA yaha mAna baiThe haiM ki 'nAgnya' zabda kA prayoga mAtra digambara AcAryoM ne apanI paramparA ko pRthaka sUcita karane ke lie kiyA hai| lagatA hai ki AdaraNIya DaoN0 sA0 ne una AgamoM ko dekhA hI nahIM hai / AgamoM meM nagna ke prAkRta rUpa nagga yA Nagina ke aneka prayoga dekheM jA sakate haiN| (dekhie-uttarA0 20/41; bhagavatI 1/9/77; sUtrakRtAMga 7/14; AcA0 1/9/6 ) DaoN0 koThiyAjo ne AgamoM meM acela zabda ko dekhA, kintu nagna kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyaa| AgamoM meM acela aura nagna donoM hI zabda prayukta hue haiN| I0 san kI dUsarI zatI taka zvetAmbaroM

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346 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ke pUrvAcArya vastra yA kambala rakhate hue bhI prAyaH nagna hI rahate the, jo unake mathurA aMkoM se siddha hai / isI prakAra DaoN0 koThiyA ne batAyA hai ki bAraha tapa ke prakAra meM jahA~ uttarAdhyayana evaM vyAkhyAprajJapti meM 'saMlInatA' hai vahA~ tattvArtha meM vivikta zayyAsana hai / ataH tattvArtha kA kartA zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM ho sakatA hai / ' yahA~ bhI pratIta yahI hotA hai ki AdaraNIya DaoN0 sA0 ne uttarAdhyayana kI jo gAthAe~ kahIM se lekara yahA~ uddhRta kI haiM, unake atirikta uttarAdhyayana ko dekhA hI nahIM hai / uttarAdhyayana ke tIsaveM adhyAya kI 28vIM gAthA meM saMlInatA kI vyAkhyA karate hue "vivittasayaNAsaNaM" zabda kA spaSTa prayoga huA hai, jo tattvArthasUtra ke tapa ke vargIkaraNa ke anurUpa hI hai tathA haribhadrasUri ne saMlInatA ke spaSTIkaraNa meM viviktacaryA kA ullekha kiyA hai / unake grantha kI merI samIkSA ke pratyuttara meM A0 koThiyAjI ne viviktacaryA meM aura vivikta- zayyAsana meM bhI antara mAna liyA hai| caryA kA artha calanA aura zayyAsana kA artha sonA-baiThanA karake ve inameM antara karate haiM, kintu caryA kA kA artha sadaiva hI calanA nahIM hotA hai, vratacaryA, tapazcaryA Adi meM caryA kA artha calanA na hokara abhyAsa yA sAdhanA hai / yadi caryA kA artha abhyAsa aura sAdhanA bhI hai to donoM hI zabdoM kA artha ekAnta sthala meM sAdhanA karanA hogA / yadi caryA aura zayyAsana kA artha alaga-alaga mAna bhI le, to bhI mUla-prazna to vivikta 'zayyAsana' kA hI hai / jaba tattvArtha sUtra ( 9 | 19 ) meM aura uttarAdhyayana (30/28) meM - donoM meM bAhya tapa meM vivikta zayyAsana zabda kA spaSTa ullekha hai to phira donoM meM paramparA bheda kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai / tattvArtha sUtrakAra ko uttarAdhyayana kI paramparA kA anusaraNa karane vAlA hI mAnanA hogA / spaSTa satya ko svIkAra na karake zabdoM ke vAk jAla meM ulajhAnA aura yaha kahanA ki vivikta zayyAsana zvetAmbara zruta meM nahIM hai- kyA yaha zvetAmbara AgamoM ke ajJAna kA paricAyaka nahIM 1. jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana - DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA, pR0 83 2. jaina tattvajJAna-mImAMsA - DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA, sevA mandira TrasTa 1983, pR0 271 baho, pR0 273 - 274 prakAzaka -- vIraH

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 347 hai| uttarAdhyayana ( 30/28) meM vivikta zayyAsana hai-ise paM0 koThiyA jI kyoM nahIM svIkAra karate haiM ? __AdaraNIya DaoN. koThiyA jI ne apane lekha ke anta meM tattvArtha ko digambara paramparA kA siddha karane ke lie do aura navIna pramANa diye haiM, ve haiM-stro parISaha aura daMzamazaka priissh| unakA kahanA hai ki "tattvArthasUtra (9 / 9) meM 22 parISahoM ke antargata eka strI parISaha hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki yaha grantha usa paramparA kA hai, jo mAtra puruSa kI mukti svIkAra karatI hai aura strI ko usake mokSa meM bAdhaka mAnatI hai / vaha paramparA hai, digambara / zvetAmbara paramparA strI aura puruSa donoM kI mukti svIkAra karatI hai, ataH usake anusAra to strI parISaha ke sAtha-sAtha puruSa parISaha bhI kahA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki puruSa bhI strI kI mukti meM bAdhaka hai, para tattvArthasUtrakAra ne use nahIM khaa| unhoMne mAtra strI parISaha. kA hI kathana kiyA hai|' isI prakAra anya 22 paroSahoM meM 'daMzamazaka' parISaha parigaNita hai| usase jAnA jAtA hai ki yaha grantha digambara paramparA kA hai, kyoMki usake sAdhu pUrNa digambara hote haiM aura daMzamazaka parISaha kI bAdhA unhIM ko hotI hai, zvetAmbara savasra sAdhu ko nhiiN| kintu hama atyanta vinamratA se pUchanA cAheMge ki parISaha ko yaha vyAkhyA unhoMne kahA~ se nikAla lI ki parISaha vaha hai, jo mukti meM bAdhaka hai| parISaha kA artha hai, ve kaSTa jo anAyAsa sahana karane par3ate haiM / punaH jo grantha ina do parISahoM kA ullekha karatA ho, vaha digambara paramparA kA hogA, yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| phira to unheM sabhI zvetAmbara AcAryoM evaM unake granthoM ko digambara paramparA kA mAna lenA hogA, kyoMki ukta donoM parISahoM kA ullekha to prAyaH sabhI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne evaM zvetAmbara AgamoM meM kiyA gayA hai aura kisI zvetAmbara grantha meM bhI puruSa parISaha kA ullekha nahIM hai| paM0 koThiyA jI jaise praur3ha vidvAn se hama itane aparipakva tarka kI apekSA nahIM karate haiN| punaH yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA sarvamAnya tathya hai ki sAre upadeza grantha evaM niyama grantha puruSa ko pradhAna karake hI likhe gaye haiM kintu isase strI kI upekSA yA ayogyatA siddha nahIM hotI hai| samantabhadra Adi digambara AcAryoM ne 'zrAvakAcAra' likhe haiM tathA caturtha aNuvrata ko 1. jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana-DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA /

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348 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya "svadArasaMtoSavrata' kahA hai evaM usa sambandha meM sAre upadeza evaM niyama puruSa ko lakSya karake ho kahe, to isase kyA yaha mAna liyA jAye ki unheM strI kA vratadhArI zrAvikA honA bhI svIkArya nahIM hai / punaH kyA daMzamazaka parISaha digambara muni ko hI hotA thA aura mAtra lokalajjA ke lie alpavastra rakhane vAle prAcInakAla ke zvetAmbara muniyoM ko nahIM hotA thA ? kyA svayaM paNDita jI ko yA kisI gRhastha ko yaha kaSTa nahIM hotA hai, kama yA adhika kA prazna ho sakatA hai kintu yaha paroSaha to sabhI ko hotA hai| phira uttarAdhyayana Adi aneka zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM isa paroSaha kA ullekha hai| yadi daMzamazaka parISaha kA ullekha honA ho grantha ke digambara paramparA kA hone kA pramANa hai to phira DaoN0 koThiyA jI ko aise sabhI granthoM ko digambara paramparA kA mAna lenA caahie| yadi digambara muni ko AhAra karate hue kSudhA paroSaha ho sakatA hai, to zvetAmbara mani ko vastra rakhate hae acela parISaha kyoM nahIM ho sakatA hai ? parISaha vaha hai jo kabhI samaya Ane para hotA hai / tapa kA "niyama lekara kSudhA-vedanIya ko sahanA tapa hai, jabaki bhojana kI icchA hote hue bhI AhAra prApta na hone se kSudhA sahana karanA kSudhA parISaha hai / punaH Aja bhI bihAra jaise prAnta meM kyA savastra gRhastha isa parISaha (kaSTa) se pIr3ita nahIM hote haiN| kapar3e hone para bhI zvetAmbara sAdhu kA sampUrNa zarIra to vastra se DhakA huA nahIM hotA hai ataH daMzamazaka pariSaha to sacela aura acela donoM ko hI hotA hai| kyA tattvArthabhASya kA zve0 paramparA se virodha hai ? isI prakAra paM0 kailAzacandra jI', paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra, paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAnta zAstrI, paM0 darabArIlAlajI koThiyA Adi vidvAnoM ne tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya kA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM pAMca-cha: 1. jainasAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga 2, 60 kailAzacaMda jI, varNI saMsthAna vArANasI pR0 264-268 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza, paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra pR0 132-147 3. sarvArthasiddhi-sampAdaka paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI, prastAvanA, pR0 65-68 4. (a) jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA .. (ba) jaina tattva jJAnamImAMsA-DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA pR0 169-275 ..

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tattvArtha aura usakI paramparA : 349 sthaloM para antara dikhAkara yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki tatvArthasUtra evaM tattvArthabhASya kA kartA zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM hai / kintu prathama to bhASya evaM Agama meM jahA~ virodha hai| usakI carcA inhoM vidvAnoM ne kI ho aisA nahIM hai| usakI carcA to tattvArthabhASya ke vRttikAra zvetAmbara AcArya siddhasena gaNi ne bho kI haiM aura jahA~-jahA~ unheM bhASyakAra kI mAnyatAoM kA Agama se virodha parilakSita huA vahA~-vahA~ spaSTa nirdeza bhI kiyaa| kintu Agamika mAnyatAoM se isa antara ke AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA umAsvAti Agamika. paramparA se bhinna anya paramparA ke the-yaha siddha nahIM ho jaataa| sabase pahale to hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jisa samaya umAsvAti ne tattvArtha mala aura bhASya kI racanA kI usa samaya taka valabhI vAcanA. ho hI nahIM pAyo tho| jaba umAsvAti valabhI vAcanA ke pUrva hue haiM, to valabho vAcanA ke saMkalana meM unakI mAnyatAoM se kucha matabheda ho gayA ho, yaha asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| kintu isakA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki umAsvAti ke sAmane koI anya Agama the| valabhI AgamoM ke saMkalana hone ke pUrva vibhinna gaNoM, zAkhAoM evaM kuloM ke jaina AcAryoM meM mAnyatA viSayaka kitane hI matabheda astitva meM the / AgamoM meM bhI unameM se kitanoM kA saMkalana ho pAyA hai aura kitanoM kA nahIM bhI ho pAyA hai / ataH 4-6 praznoM para Agamika mAnyatAoM aura umAsvAti ko mAnyatAoM meM matabheda dikhAne se yaha siddha nahIM ho jAtA ki umAsvAti kisI bhinna paramparA ke the / aisA matabheda na kevala zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM meM hai, apitu digambara paramparA jina yApanIya granthoM ko apanA Agama mAna rahI hai, unameM bhI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kasAyapAhuDa kI kSapaNA adhikAra ko cUlikA kA mantavya aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke satkarmaprAbhUta kI mAnyatAoM meM bhI aisA matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| svayaM dhavalA TIkAkAra yaha kahatA hai ki "donoM prakAra ke vacanoM meM kisakA vacana satya hai, yaha to zrutakevalI yA kevalI hI jAnate haiM, anya koI nahIM / ataH yaha nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki kasAyapAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM kisakA vacana satya hai / varta-- 1. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya-TIkA-siddhasenagaNi 7/16, 8/12 9/6, 9/48.. 49 (tattvArthasUtra ina sabhI ke bhASya kI TIkA meM siddhasena gaNi ne Agama. se bhinnatA kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai)

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350 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mAna kAla ke vajrabhIrU AcAryoM ko to donoM kA hI saMgraha karanA cAhie / ' yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya kI sUcaka haiM ki jainadharma aura darzana saMbaMdhI "kitane hI praznoM para dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM AcAryoM meM matabheda thA / yadi kasA pAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM matabheda ke hote hue bhI ve eka hI paramparA ke grantha mAne jA sakate haiM to phira kiMcit matabhedoM kI upasthiti meM umAsvAti ko Agamika paramparA kA mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? yA to digambara vidvAn yaha svIkAra kareM ki SaTkhaNDAgama aura kasAyapAhuDa do bhinna-bhinna paramparAoM ke grantha haiM yA phira yaha mAneM ki umAsvAti bhI matabhedoM ke bAvajUda usI uttara bhArata kI Agamika nirgrantha paramparA ke AcArya haiM, jinase zvetAmbaroM aura yApaniyoM kA vikAsa huA hai aura jo strImukti, gRhasthamukti, anyatairthikamukti, kevalIbhukti Adi kI samarthaka rahI / yadi yaha tarka diyA jAtA hai ki tattvArtha sUtra kA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se virodha hai, ataH vaha zvetAmbara nahIM hai, to isI prakAra kA dUsarA tarka hogA, cUMki tattvArthasUtra kA digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA se virodha hai, ataH vaha digambara bhI nahIM hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara nahIM hone para kyA vaha yApanIya hai ? kintu tattvArthasUtra ke racanA kAla taka yApanIya utpanna hI nahIM hue the ataH use yApanIya bhI nahIM kahA jA * sakatA hai - vastutaH vaha uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA kI ucca nAgarI zAkhA aura vAcaka vaMza kA grantha hai jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM kA pUrvaja hai| phira bhI isa bAta kI bhI samIkSA to kara hI lenI hogI ki kyA tattvArtha sUtra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM se bhinna tIsarI yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai ? kyA tattvArtha yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai ? umAsvAti evaM unake tattvArthasUtra ke sampradAya ke prazna ko lekara nAthUrAma jI premI ne bhI vistRta carcA kI hai / unhoMne hI sarvaprathama unake yApanIya sampradAya kA hone ko sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai / yahA~ hama unhIM 1. dekhe - ( a ) SaTkhaNDAgama 1/1/27 ko dhavalATIkA SaTkhaNDAgama (ghavalATIkA samanvita) pustaka 1, pR0 222-223 (ba) SaTkhaNDAgama parizIlana - paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha pR0 710 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa -paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pu0 522-547

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tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 351 ke tarkoM kI samIkSA ke AdhAra para yaha nizcita karane kA prayAsa kareMge ki kyA umAsvAti vastutaH yApanIya paramparA ke the ? AdaraNIya premI jI ne umAsvAti ke yApanIya hone kI sambhAvanA ke sandarbha meM sarvaprathama yaha tarka diyA ki " zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya meM jo prAcIna paTTAvaliyA~ haiM, unameM kahIM umAsvAti kA ullekha nahIM hai / ve likhate haiM ki "digambara sampradAya kI jo sabase prAcIna AcArya paraMparA "milatI hai vaha vIra nirvANa saMvat 683 arthAt vikrama saMvat 213 taka kI hai| yaha tiloyapaNNatti, mahApurANa, harivaMzapurANa, jaMbuddovapaNatti, zrutAvatAra Adi granthoM meM yaha lagabhaga eka sI hai / parantu isa paramparA meM umAsvAti yA unake kisI guru kA nAma nahIM hai / AdipurANa aura harivaMzapurANa jo vikrama kI navIM zatAbdI ke grantha haiM / inameM prAyaH sabhI prasiddha granthakartAoM kA stutiparaka smaraNa kiyA gayA hai, parantu unameM bhI umAsvAti smaraNa nahIM kiye gaye aura yaha asambhava mAlUma hotA hai ki umAsvAti jaise yugapravartaka granthakartA ko ve bhUla jAte / AdipurANa ke kartA to unake sAhitya se bhI paricita the| kyoMki unake guru vIrasena ne apanI dhavalATIkA meM eka jagaha gRddhapicchAcArya yA umAsvAti ke tatvArtha ke eka sUtra ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai aura svayaM unhoMne bho jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai, umAsvAti ke bhASyAnta ke 32 padya aura prazamarati prakaraNa kA bhI eka padya apanI jayadhavalA meM uddhRta kiyA hai, vAstava meM ve unheM bhinna sampradAya kA AcArya jAnate hoMge / " " punaH premI jI likhate haiM ki "digambara paramparA meM umAsvAti kA ullekha karane vAlI jo paTTAvaliyA~ aura abhilekha milate haiM, ve 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke nahIM haiN| ina paTTAvaliyoM meM nandisaMgha ko gurvAvalI ke anusAra jinacandra ke ziSya padmanandi yA kundakunda aura kundakunda ke ziSya umAsvAti the / digambara paramparA ke zaka saMvat 1037 arthAt vikrama saMvat 1972 (vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI) ke zilAlekhoM meM jo paTTAvaliyA~ aMkita haiM, unameM yadyapi umAsvAti ko digambara sampradAya ke AcArya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai, kintu unameM kahIM bhI ekarUpatA nahIM hai / isI sandarbha meM premI jI kA nimna vaktavya bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai / "gurvAvalI, paTTAvalI aura zilAlekhoM Adi ke pUrvokta ullekha batalAte 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI, pR0 530 2. vahI, pR0 531 /

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352 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya haiM ki unake racayitAoM ko umAsvAti ko guru paramparA kA, nAma kA aura samaya kA koI spaSTa jJAna nahIM thA, isalie unameM paraspara matabheda aura gar3abar3a hai| pUrvokta zilAlekhoM meM koI bhI lekha zaka saMvat 1037 arthAt vikrama saMvat 1172 se pahale kA nahIM hai aura gurvAvalI, paTTAvalI to zAyada unake bhI bahuta bAda meM banI hai| jisa samaya TIkA granthoM ke.. dvArA umAsvAti digambara sampradAya ke AcArya mAna liye gaye aura unako kahIM na kahIM apanI paramparA meM biThA denA lAz2imI ho gayA, usa samaya ke bAda kI hI ukta paTTAvaliyoM, zilAlekhoM Adi kI sRSTi hai| vibhinna samayoM ke lekhakoM dvArA likhe jAne ke kAraNa unameM ekavAkyatA bhI nahoM. raha skii|"2 dUsare zabdoM meM umAsvAti kA ullekha karane vAlI digambara paTTAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA saMdigdha hai| ___paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne umAsvAti ko yApanIya siddha karane hetu yaha bhI tarka diyA hai ki jisa taraha digambara paramparA kI prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM meM umAsvAti kA nAma nahIM hai usI prakAra zvetAmbara sampradAya kI paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI unakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| ve likhate haiM ki. "lagabhaga yahI hAlata zvetAmbara sampradAya kI paTTAvaliyoM Adi kI bhI hai| unameM sabase prAcIna kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI aura nandisUtra sthavirAvali haiM jo vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 arthAt vikrama saMvat 510 meM saMkalita kI gaI thii| umAsvAti ke viSaya meM itanA to nizcita hai ki ve vi0 saM0. 510 ke pahale ho cuke haiN| phira bhI unameM umAsvAti kA nAma nahIM hai| nandisUtra meM vAcanAcAryoM kI bhI sUco dI huI hai parantu unameM bhI umAsvAti yA unake guru zivazrI, bhuNDapAda, mUla Adi kisI bhI vAcaka kA nAma nahIM hai / nandisUtra kI 26vIM gAthA meM hariyaguttaM sAiM ca vande' ( hAritagotraM svAti ca vande ) pada haiN| cU~ki umAsvAti ke nAma kA uttarArdha 'svAti' hai, isalie dharmasAgara jI ne svAti ko hI umAsvAti samajha liyA ora yaha nahIM socA ki tattvArthakartA umAsvAti kA gotra to kaubhISaNi hai aura svAti kA hArIta, isake sivAya donoM ke guru bhI alaga-alaga haiN| pichale samaya kI racI huI, jo aneka zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyA~ haiM unameM avazya umAsvAti kA nAma AtA hai, parantu ekavAkyatA kA vahA~ bhI abhAva hai|" 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI pR0 531 -

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 353 'duHSamAkAlazramaNasaMghastotra' (vikrama kI 11vIM sadI) meM haribhadra aura jinabhadragaNi ke bAda umAsvAti ko likhA hai jabaki svayaM haribhadra tattvArthabhASya ke eka TIkAkAra haiM aura jinabhadragaNi ne apanA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya vi0 saM0 660 meM samApta kiyA hai / dharmasAgara upAdhyAyakRta tapAgacchapaTTAvalI (vi0 saM0 1646 ) meM . jinabhadra, vibudhaprabha, jayAnanda aura raviprabha ke bAda umAsvAti ko yugapradhAna batalAyA hai aura unakA samaya vIra ni0 saM0720, phira unake bAda yazodeva kA nAma hai / isake viruddha devavimala kI mahAvora-paTTaparamparA (vi0 saM0 1656 ) meM raviprabha aura yazodeva ke bIca umAsvAti kA nAma hI nahIM hai aura na Age kahIM hai / vinayavijayagaNi ne apane lokaprakAza (vi0 saM0 1708 ) meM umAsvAti ko gyArahavA~ yugapradhAna batalAyA hai, jo jinabhadra ke bAda aura puSyamitra ke pahale hue| ravivarddhanagaNi ( vi0 saM0 1731 ) ne paTTAvalIsAroddhAra meM umAsvAti ko yugapradhAna kahakara unakA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 1190 likhA haiN| unake bAda ve jinabhadra ko batalAte haiM, jabaki dharmaghoSasUri umAsvAti ko jinabhadra ke bAda rakhate haiN| ___ dharmasAgara ne to apanI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ( saTIka ) meM do umAsvAti khar3e kara diye haiM, eka to vikrama saMvat 720 meM raviprabha ke bAda hone vAle, jinakA ullekha Upara ho cukA hai aura dUsare Arya mahAgiri ke bahula aura balissaha nAmaka do ziSyoM meM se dUsare balissaha ke ziSya, jinakA samaya vIra ni0 376 se kucha pahale par3atA hai aura unheM hI tattvArthAdi kA kartA anumAna kara liyA hai| garaja yaha ki zvetAmbara sampradAya ke lekhaka bhI umAsvAti kI paramparA aura samayAdi ke sambandha meM a~dhere meM haiN| unhoMne bhI bahuta pIche unheM apanI paramparA meM kahIM na kahIM biThAne kA prayatna kiyA hai' !" aba hama sammAnanIya premI jI ke ina tarkoM kI samokSA kareMge aura dekheMge ki unake tarkoM meM kitanA bala hai| unakA yaha kathana satya hai ki jahA~ prAcIna zvetAmbara aura digambara paTTAvaliyA~ umAsvAti ke sandarbha meM mauna hai vahA~ paravartI zvetAmbara aura digambara paTTAvaliyoM meM unakA 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI pR0 531-532 23

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354 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ullekha hote hue bhI unake sandarbha meM itane mata-vaibhinya haiM ki kisI niSkarSa para pahu~canA asambhava hai| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ke sAtha hameM bhI yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki ina padAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para umAsvAti kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu isa AdhAra para unakA umAsvAti ko yApanIya mAna lenA hameM samucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai / yadi jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM sabhI pramukha granthakartAoM kI stuti ko, to phira unhoMne umAsvAti ko kyoM chor3a diyA ? kyA mAtra isIlie ki ve unakI paramparA se bhinna the| Azcarya to yaha hai ki jaba jinasena apane se bhinna paramparA ke siddhasena kA ullekha kara sakate haiM, to phira umAsvAti kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kara sakate haiM ? yadi hama kucha samaya ke lie yaha bhI mAna leM ki siddhasena yApanIya the, jaisA ki kucha vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai, to yaha Azcarya aura adhika bar3ha jAtA hai| yadi premI jo ke anusAra siddhasena aura umAsvAti donoM ho yApanIya haiM to phira jinasena ne eka yApanIya AcArya kA to ullekha kiyA aura dUsare ko kyoM chor3a diyA ? punaH hama pUrva meM yaha bhI siddha kara cuke haiM ki jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa bhI usI punnATasaMgha kA grantha hai, jo yApanIyoM ke 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' se nikalA hai / ataH unheM apanI pUrvaja paramparA ke kisI AcArya kA ullekha karane meM kyA Apatti ho sakatI thI? punaH jaba usameM vIra nirvANa saM0683 ke pazcAt ke apanI paramparA ke AcAryoM kI eka lambI sUcI dI gaI hai, jisameM aneka yApanIya AcArya bhI haiM to usa sUcI meM umAsvAti kA nAma kyoM nahIM hai? eka saMbhAvanA yaha vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki jinasena umAsvAti ko yApanIya evaM digambara donoM na mAnakara saMbhavataH zvetAmbara mAnate hoMge aura isI kAraNa unakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hogA, kintu unhoMne zvetAmbara hone ke kAraNa umAsvAti kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, yaha mAnane meM bhI eka kaThinAI yaha hai ki jaba unhoMne zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArya ke rUpa meM ho suvikhyAta siddhasena kA smaraNa kiyA to phira umAsvAti ko kyoM chor3a diyA? hamArI dRSTi meM jinasena ke dvArA umAsvAti kA smaraNa nahIM kiye jAne kA kAraNa unakA yApanIya honA nahIM ho sakatA hai| ___ merI dRSTi meM vAstavikatA isase bhinna hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra ke saMgha meM bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM ke bheda prArambha hue aura phira nirgrantha saMgha aneka vibhAgoM aura upavibhAgoM meM ba~TatA hI gyaa| jo sthavirAvaliyA~ aura paTTAvaliyA~ hameM upalabdha haiM ve sabhI paramparA

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 355 vizeSa ke sAtha jur3I huI haiN| jaba eka samaya meM aneka AcArya hoM to una sabhI kA paramparA vizeSa kI paTTAvaliyoM meM ullekha nahIM hotA hai / pratyeka carga apanI-apano paramparA ke AcAryoM kA ullekha karatA hai aura dUsaroM ko 'chor3a detA hai / punaH jisa AcArya kI paTTa paramparA dorghajIvI nahIM hoto, ve prAyaH vismRta kara diye jAte haiM / Aja aneka aise gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM ke ullekha upalabdha haiM, jinako AcArya paramparA ke sambandha meM hama kucha "bhI nahIM jaante| unake granthoM meM upalabdha sUcanAoM ke atirikta hama unake sambandha meM ajJAna meM hote haiN| uccanAgarI zAkhA ko AcArya 'paramparA se sambandhita vivaraNa bho usI prakAra lupta ho gaye jaise bhadrabAha se nikale godAsagaNa aura usakI koTivarSiyA, tAmraliptikA, SoNDravardhanikA Adi zA vAoM aura unameM hue AcAryoM ke vivaraNa Aja anupalabdha yA lupta haiN| sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se hameM yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki umAsvAti jisa uccanAgaro zAkhA meM hue haiM vaha zAkhA adhika dIrghajIvI nahIM rhiiN| vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdo se pA~cavIM zatAbdo ke bIca mAtra kucha abhilekhoM aura sAhityika sUcanAoM se ho isake astitva kA bodha hotA hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvali bhI isake saMsthApaka zAntizreNika ke alAvA isa paramparA ke kiso AcArya kA ullekha nahIM karatI hai| ___ ataH zvetAmbara aura digambara prAcIna sthavirAvaliyoM meM umAsvAti kA ullekha na honA kevala isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki unakI uccanAgarI zAkhA aura usakA vAcaka vaMza adhika dorghajIvI nahIM rahA hai aura kAlakrama meM tatsambandhI sAmagrI lupta ho gii| kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM meM umAsvAti kA ullekha isalie nahIM huA ki ye sthavirAvaliyA~ paravartIkAla meM mukhya rUpa se koTikagaNa kI vajrI zAkhA se sambandhita rahI haiN| usameM Arya zAntizreNika se nikalo koTikagaNa kI uccanAgarI zAkhA ke zAntizreNika ke Age kI AcArya paramparA kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, jabaki mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM isa zAkhA ke anya AcAryoM ke ullekha haiM / ataH zvetAmbara aura digambara prAcIna paTrAvaliyoM meM umAsvAti ke ullekha kA abhAva hone se aura paravartI paTTAvaliyoM meM - ullekha hote hue bhI eka vAkyatA kA abhAva hone se hama yaha niSkarSa nahIM * nikAla sakate ki ve yApanIya paramparA ke the / jaba unhoMne svayaM hI apanI uccanAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha kara diyA hai to usameM sandeha karane kI koI AvazyakatA ho nahIM hai| unakI yaha uccanAgaro zAkhA na to zvetA

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356 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya mbara hai aura na yApanIya, apitu donoM ko hI pUrvaja hai / ataH umAsvAti zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrva puruSa haiM / punaH umAsvAti usa kAla meM hae haiM jabaki nirgrantha saMgha meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise bheda astitva meM hI nahIM Aye the / ataH paravartI kAla kI ina sAmpradAyika padAvaliyoM meM unake sambandha meM ekarUpatA nahIM honA svAbhAvika haiN| unake tattvArthasUtra kI svIkRti aura usakI prasiddhi ke bAda hI zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ne unheM apanI paTTAvaliyoM sthAna dene kA prayAsa kiyA aura phalataH unameM ekarUpatA kA abhAva rhaa| bhASya meM yApanIyatva siddha karane ke lie paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne eka tarka yaha diyA hai ki tattvArthabhASya meM acaurya vrata kI jo bhAvanAe~ ullekhita kI gaI haiM, ve sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra nahIM haiM, apitu bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA yApanIya grantha hai, niSkarSa rUpa meM ve kahate haiM ki-'isase bhI yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki bhASyakAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartA eka hI sampradAya ke haiN|" ___isa AdhAra para bhASya ko yApanIya mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM, kyoMki. bhASya meM acaurya vrata kI jo bhAvanAe~ ullekhita haiM, ve AcArAMga aura samavAyAMga meM bhI milatI haiN| vastutaH Agama sAhitya se hI ye bhAvanAe~ bhASya aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM gaI haiN| ataH yaha kathana bhASya ke. yApanIyatva kA pramANa nahIM hai| isase kevala itanA hI phalita hotA hai ki bhASya aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA donoM meM AgamoM kA anusaraNa huA hai| isase bhASya aura usake kartA ko Agama kI usa paramparA kA anusaraNa kartA kahA jA sakatA hai, jo Age calakara yApanIyoM meM bhI upalabdha hotI. hai / yApanIya granthoM se bhASya kI yaha samAnatA mAtra isI bAta kI sUcaka hai ki bhASyakAra yApanIya paramparA kA pUrvaja hai na ki vaha yApanIya hai| mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAoM kA yaha ullekha zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoMAcArAMga, samavAyAMga, AcArAMgaNi, AvazyakacaNi Adi meM milatA hai| zabda evaM krama meM kahIM thor3A-bahuta antara hai kintu mUla bhAvanA meM kahIM koI antara nahIM hai / yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki tattvArtha ke bhASyamAnya mUla pATha meM bhAvanAoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| usameM kevala itanA hI kahA gayA hai ki ina mahAvratoM kI sthiratA ke lie pA~capA~ca bhAvanAe~ kahI gayI haiM / lekina sarvArthasiddhi aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa-paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pR0 535

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 357 kA yaha antara unakI paramparA bhinnatA kA sUcaka hai| sarvArthasiddhikAra ke 'lie bhAvanAoM ko mUlapATha ke antargata rakhanA isalie bhI Avazyaka thA ki usake pAsa Agama yA Agamatulya koI grantha nahIM thA / yahI kAraNa hai 'ki usane use mUlapATha meM sammilita kiyaa| isasesarvArthasiddhi ke mUlapATha ke vikasita hone kI aura bhASyamAnya pATha se paravartI hone kI sUcanA bhI "mila jAtI hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM pA~coM mahAvatoM kI jina bhAvanAoM kA 'vivecana hai ve AgamoM se AMzika hI samAnatA rakhatI haiN| jabaki tattvArthabhASya ko vivecanA Agama evaM bhagavatIArAdhanA ke anukUla hI hai| anta meM punaH hama yaho kahanA cAheMge ki tatvArthabhASya aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM jo sAmya hai vaha Agamika mAnyatAoM ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa hai, bhASya ke yApanIya hone ke kAraNa nahIM, bhASya to yApanIya paramparA ke pUrva kA hai| bhASya tosaro-cautho zatI kA hai aura yApanIya sampradAya cauthI-pA~cavIM zatI ke pazcAt ho kabhI astitva meM AyA hai| bhASya meM yApanIyatva ko siddha karane ke lie AdaraNIya premI jI ne 'eka tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki naveM adhyAya ke sAtaveM sUtra meM anitya, azaraNa Adi 12 anuprekSAoM ke nAma diye gaye hai, bhASya meM kahA gayA hai 'etAdvAdazAnuprekSAH' (ye bAraha anuprekSAe~ haiN)| premI jI, DaoN0 ena0 'ena0 upAdhye ke sandarbha se yaha bhI batAte haiM ki AgamoM meM kahIM bho 12 anuprekSAe~ nahIM milatIM, kahIM cAra kahIM do aura kahIM eka milatI haiM jabaki bhagavato ArAdhanA ko gAthA 715-78 meM inhoM 12 bhAvanAoM kA khUba vistAra se varNana hai, isase bho umAsvAti aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartA eka hI paramparA ke mAluma par3ate haiN| kama se kama umAsvAti usa 'paramparA ke nahIM jAna par3ate jo isa samaya upalabdha AgamoM kI anuyAyI nahIM hai / mUlAcAra meM bhI dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA vistRta vivaraNa hai aura vaha bhI ArAdhanA kI paramparA kA grantha hai|'' isa sandarbha meM AdaraNIya premIjI ko upAdhye jI dvArA jo sUcanA 'milI hai vaha bhrAntipUrva hai| yaha kahanA ki Agama meM kahIM pUrI bAraha anuprakSAeM nahIM milatI haiM, zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya kA samyak anuzIlana na hone kA hI pariNAma hai| Agama sAhitya meM na kevala 12 anuprekSAoM kA ullekha hai apitu unakA kramabaddha vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai| zve0 mAnya AgamoM kA eka varga prakIrNaka kahA jAtA hai / prakIrNakoM 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-paM0 nAthurAmajI premI pR0 535

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358 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ke antargata maraNavibhakti eka prAcIna prakIrNaka haiM, isakI 570 se lekara 640 taka kI 71 gAthAoM meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| maraNavibhakti kI bhAvanA sambandho ina 71 gAthAoM meM bhI aneka bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM upalabdha hotI haiN| ataH tattvArtha-bhASya, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura malAcAra meM, jo sAmya parilakSita hotA hai, vaha ina tInoM ke kartAoM dvArA kA Agamika granthoM ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa hI hai| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra yApanIya grantha haiM aura yApanIya Agama mAnate the| maraNavibhakti tattvArtha-bhASya se prAcIna hai, vastutaH yApanIya aura tattvArtha-bhASya meM jo samarUpatA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki una donoM kA mUla srota eka hI hai| isalie donoM ko nikaTatA se yaha anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki tattvArthabhASya yApanIya hai| bhAvanAoM kI carcA ke AdhAra para unheM jisa prakAra yApanIya siddha kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zvetAmbara bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki ve ina donoM sampradAyoM ke pUrvaja haiN| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne isake atirikta bhASya kA zvetAmbara sampradAya se kina bAtoM meM virodha AtA hai aura jise bhASya ke vRttikAra. siddhasenagaNi Agama virodhI mAnate haiM, isako carcA kI hai, isa sandarbha meM unhoMne nimna sAta prazna upasthita kiye haiM jinheM hama avikala rUpa meM nIce prastuta kara rahe hai 1-adhyAya 2, sUtra 17 ke bhASya meM upakaraNa ke do bheda kiye haiM, bAhya aura abhyantara / isapara siddhasena kahate haiM ki Agama meM ye bheda nahIM. milate / yaha AcArya kA ho kahIM kA sampradAya hai / 2-adhyAya 3, sUtra ke bhASya meM ratnaprabhA ke nArakIyoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI 7 dhanuSa, 3 hAtha aura 6 aMgula batalAI hai| siddhasena kahate hai 1. dekheM-paiNNayasuttAI-prathama bhAga-saM0 muni zrI puNyavijaya jI, prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya bambaI-maraNa vibhatti paiNNayaM-gAthA 570-640. (pR0 151 se 157 taka ) / 2. dekhe-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI pR0 537-538 3. "Agame tu nAsti kazcidantarbahirbheda upakaraNasyetyAcAryasyaiva kuto'pi sampra dAya iti / " 4. tiloyapaNNatti meM tattvArtha-bhASya ke hI samAna avagAhanA batalAI gaI hai-. satta-ti-cha-hatthaMgulANi kamaso havaMti dhammAe / a0 2, 116

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 359 ki bhASyakAra ne yaha atideza se kahI hai| maiMne to Agama meM kahIM yaha pratarAdi bheda se nArakIyoM ko avagAhanA nahIM dekhI' / 3-a0 3, sU0 9 ke bhASya meM jo parihANi batalAI hai, usake viSaya meM siddhasena kahate haiM ki yaha parihANi gaNita prakriyA ke sAtha jarA bhI ThIka nahIM baitthtii| ArSAnusArI gaNitajJa ise anyathA hI varNana karate haiM / haribhadrasUri ko bhI isameM kucha saMdeha huA hai| 4-a0 3, sUtra 15 ke bhASya kI TIkA karate hue siddhasena likhate haiM, isa antaradvIpaka bhASya ko durvidagdhoM ne prAyaH naSTa kara diyA hai jisase bhASya pustakoM meM ( bhASyeSu ) 16 antaradvopa milate haiN| para yaha anArSa hai| vAcakamukhya sUtra kA ullaMghana nahIM kara skte| yaha asaMbhava hai| 5-a0 4, sUtra 42 ke bhASya para siddhasena kahate haiM ki bhASyakAra ne sarvArthasiddha meM bhI jaghanya Ayu battIsa sAgaropama batalAI hai, so na jAne kisa abhiprAya se, Agama meM to tetIsa sAgaropama hai| 1. "uktamidamatidezato bhASyakAreNAsti caitat na tu mayA kvacidAgame dRSTaM pratarAdibhedena nArakANAM zarIrAvagAhanamiti / " 2. "eSA ca parihANiH AcAryoktA na manAgapi gaNitaprakriyayA saMgacchante / gaNitazAstravido hi parihANi manyathA vrnnyntyaagmaanusaarinnH|" 3. gaNitajJA evAtra pramANaM / 4. sarvArthasiddhi aura tiloyapaNNatti Adi digambara-granthoM meM bhI 96 hI antara dvIpa batalAye haiM / bhASya meM bhI 96 kA hI pATha rahA hogA / parantu Azcarya hai ki mudrita bhASyapAThoM meM 56 hI antaradvIpa mudrita haiM aura ukta bhASyAMza ke nIce hI 56 antaradvIpoM kI sUcanA denevAlI siddhasena kI tathA haribhadra kI TIkA maujUda hai / pratilipikAroM athavA mudrita karAnevAloM kA yaha aparAdha akSamya hai| "etaccAntaradvIpakabhASyaM prAyo vinAzitaM sarvatra kairapi durvidagdhairyena SaNNavatirantaradvIpikA bhASyeSu dRzyante / anArSa caitadadhyavasIyate jIvAbhigamAdiSu SaTpaJcAzadantaradvIpakAdhyayanAt / nApi ca vAcakamukhyAH sUtrollaMghanenAbhidadhatyasambhAvyamAnatvAt / ..." (haribhadrIyavRtti meM bhI bilkula yahI pATha hai|) 6. "bhASyakAreNa tu sarvArthasiddhe'pi jaghanyA dvAtriMzatsAgaropamAnyadhItA, tanna vidmaH kena abhiprAyeNa / aagmstaavdyN"|"

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360 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 6-a0 4, sUtra 26 ke bhASya meM lokAntika devoM ke ATha bheda haiN| parantu bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, sthAnAMgAdi meM nau batalAye haiN|' 7-a0 9, sUtra 6 ke bhASya meM bhikSupratimAoM ke jo 12 bheda kiye haiM, unako ThIka na mAnakara siddhasena kahane haiM ki yaha bhASyAMza parama RSiyoM ke pravacana ke anusAra nahIM hai kintu pAgala kA pralApa hai| vAcaka to pUrvavita hote haiM, ve aisA ArSavirodho kaise likhate ? Agama ko Thoka na samajhane se jise bhrAnti ho gaI hai aise kisI ne yaha raca diyA hai| isa taraha aura bhI aneka sthAnoM meM vRttikAra ne Agama-virodha batalAyA hai, jisakA sthAna bhAva se ullekha nahIM kiyA jA sakA / isa virodha se spaSTa samajha meM A jAtA hai ki bhASyakAra kA sampradAya siddhasenagaNi ke sampradAya se bhinna hai aura vaha yApanIya ho sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki upayukta tathya zvetAmbara paramparA kI ina mAnyatAoM ke virodha meM jAte haiM jo bhASya para vRtti likhe jAne ke kAla meM sthira ho cukI thI, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki AgamoM kA saMkalana hone taka arthAt vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara paramparA meM aura yApanIya paramparA meM bhI saiddhAntika praznoM para Antarika ekarUpatA nahIM thii| AgamoM kA lekhana ho jAne ke bAda bhI zvetAmbara aura yApanoya paramparAoM meM jitane adhika matabheda aura mAnyatA bheda rahe haiM, utane digambara paramparA meM nahIM the| zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM ye antarvirodha Aja bhI parilakSita hote haiN| yahI sthiti kasAyapAhuDa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama Adi yApanIya sAhitya kI bhI hai| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvali se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhadrabAha ke kAla se uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja hai, aneka gaNoM, zAkhAoM aura kuloM meM vibhAjita hotI gii| ye vividha gaNa, kula evaM zAkhAe~ na na kevala ziSya-praziSyoM kI paramparA ke AdhAra para bane the, apitu inameM mAnyatA bheda bhI thaa| taba tattva svarUpa evaM karma siddhAnta sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM aneka matabheda astitva meM A gaye the| upalabdha Aga 1. "bhASyakRtA cASTavidhA iti mudritaH / Agame tu nvdhvaadhiitaa|" 2. "nedaM pAramarSapravacanAnusAri bhASyaM kiM tarhi pramattagItametat / vAcako hi pUrvavit kathamevaMvighaM ArSavisaMvAdinibannIyAt / sUtrAnavabodhAdupajAtAbhrantinA kenApi racitametat / "

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 361 'mika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM AgamoM kI aneka vAcanAoM evaM vAcanAbhedoM ke sandarbha upalabdha hote haiN| valabhI vAcanA aura mAthurI vAcanA meM bhI antara thaa| bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM AgamoM ke jo udAharaNa upalabdha hote haiM ve isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki unheM jo Agama -grantha yA unake aMza upalabdha the, ve sambhavataH mAthurI vAcanA ke rahe haiN| hameM yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM vartamAna meM jo Agama upalabdha haiM ve vajrIzAkhA ke haiN| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA umAsvAti uccanAgara zAkhA ke haiM, ataH yaha sambhava hai ki uccanAgarazAkhA aura vajI zAkhA meM kucha mAnyatA bheda rahA ho| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne jina matabhedoM ko carcA kI hai unameM se kucha mAnyatAe~ tiloyapaNNatti nAmaka grantha meM upalabdha hotI hai| tiloyapaNNatti apane mUla svarUpa meM yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha rahA hai| __ yadyapi bAda meM use parivartita kara diyA gyaa| tiloyapaNNatti kA AdhAra bhI Agama hI hai aura isase isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki umAsvAti ke samakSa Agama sambandhI vibhinna vAcanAe~ thIM aura unameM se -ve kisI eka kA anusaraNa kara rahe the| nArakiyoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI tathA antardIpoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM bhASyakAra kA mata tiloyapaNNatti ke samAna hai| jahA~ taka lokAntika devoM ko saMkhyA kA prazna hai zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Agama sthAnAMga aura bhagavato meM ATha aura nau donoM hI taraha kI mAnyatAe~ milatI haiN| ataH siddhasenagaNi ke dvArA dikhAye gaye ina matabhedoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki umAsvAti usa pUrvaja dhArA ke nahIM the, jisase yApanoya aura zvetAmbara dhArAyeM vikasita huI haiN| yaha smaraNa rakhanA hI hogA ki umAsvAti balabhIvAcanA (vIra 'ni0 saMvat 980) ke lagabhaga do sau varSa pUrva hue-ataH yaha svAbhAvika thA ki unake mantavyoM kA valabhovAcanA ke AgamoM se AMzika matabheda ho / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki balabhIvAcanA ke samaya madhya deza meM sthita uccanAgara zAkhA ke pratinidhi upasthita nahIM rahe hoM aura unake mantavyoM kA saMkalana na ho pAyA ho / paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne umAsvAti ke yApanIya hone ke lie eka tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki unake guru ghoSanando aura ziva bhI unake yApanIya hone kA saMketa dete haiN| kyoMki nandayanta nAma yApanIya paramparA meM :

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362 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya milate haiM jaise zivArya ke guru mitranandi, jinanandi aadi| unhoMne yaha bhI sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki umAsvAti ke vAcanApraguru ziva zrI Arya ziva hI hoN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vAcanAguru mUla kA bhI pUrA nAma mUlanandI ho|' AdaraNIya premI jo isa sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karane meM katipaya kaThinAIyA~ haiN| sarva prathama AdaraNIya premI jo kI yaha mAnyatA ki nando nAmAnta nAma kevala yApanIya nandIsaMgha meM rahe haiM, samucita nahIM hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI yA nandosUtra sthavirAvalI ke atirikta mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM bhI nandI nAmAnta nAma milate haiN| dUsare yaha ki jaba premI jI svayaM tattvArthabhASya ko umAsvAti kI kRti mAnate hai aura yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki bhASya meM kiye gaye unake dIkSA guru aura praguru tathA vAcanA guru aura praguru ke nAma yathArtha haiM to phira unheM yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA ki usameM jo uccanAgara zAkhA aura vAcaka vaMza kA ullekha hai vaha bhI prAmANika hai| spaSTa hai ki yApanIyoM meM kisI bhI uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya kalpasUtra ko sthavirAvali meM spaSTa rUpa se uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha hai| uccanAgara zAkhA ke prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya zatAbdI ke nau abhilekha bhI mathurA se prApta hote haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki na to digambara paramparA meM kisI uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha hai aura na yApanoya paramparA meM uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha hai| jabaki zvetAmbaroM kI pUrvaja dhArA meM isakA ullekha hai / nAgarazAkhA kA astitva hameM abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para tRtIya zatAbdI taka milatA hai| yahI kAla umAsvAti kA bhI siddha hotA hai / isa kAla taka yApanIya paramparA spaSTa rUpa se astitva meM nahIM A pAyI thii| yadi hama mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama saMvat ke 410 varSa pUrva mAnate haiM to kalpasUtra kI sUcanAnusAra uccanAgara zAkhA vikrama saMvat ke lagabhaga 40 varSa pUrva astitva meM AyI / tathA vastrapAtra sambandhI vivAda bhI vikrama saMvat kI lagabhaga dvitIya zatI ke antima dazaka evaM tRtIya zatAbdI ke prArambha meM huA hogaa| Avazyaka malabhASya kI sUcanA ke anusAra bhI uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM zivArya aura Arya-- kRSNa ke bIca vastra evaM pAtra ke prazna para vivAda prArambha ho gayA thaa| yadyapi AryakRSNa aura zivabhUti ke madhya vIra nirvANa saMvat 609 tadanusAra 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa paM0 nAthurAma jI premI, pR0 533 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paraparA : 363 vikrama saMvat 199 arthAt vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke anta tathA tRtIya zatAbdI ke prArambha meM vastra, pAtra ko lekara vivAda huA thaa| tathApi saMghabheda nahIM huA thA, vaha to unake zipya-praziSyoM ke kAla meM arthAt tIsarI zatI ke uttarArdha meM huaa|' AdaraNIya premI jI isa mAnyatA meM kucha satyatA ho sakatI hai ki ye ho Arya zivabhUti umAsvAti ke praguru zivazro rahe hoM, kyoMki donoM ho usI koTikagaNa ke haiN| unheM pragaru mAnane para umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke anta aura caturtha zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki saMgha bheda kI ghaTanA aura umAsvAti samakAlika hI hai yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki umAsvAti ke gurumUla yA mUlanandI ke nAma mUlagaNa nikalA ho, jo dakSiNa meM mUlasaMgha ke nAma se jAnA gayA ho aura jaisA ki hama likha cuke haiM isI mulagaNa/malasaMgha se yApanIyoM kA vikAsa huA hai| mUlasaMgha ke ye abhilekha bhI vikrama saM0 427 (I0 san 370) aura vikrama saM0 472 (I0 saM0 425) ke lagabhaga ke anumAnita hai kintu ye bhI umAsvAti ke bAda ke haiN| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki zvetAmbara, digamvara yA yApanIya saMgha umAsvAti ke kucha bAda ke haiN| yadi boTika yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja haiM to hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki umAsvAti kI uccanAgarI zAkhA bhI yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja hai| vastutaH umAsvAti usa kAla meM hue haiM jaba uttara bhArata meM mAnyatA bheda apanI jar3eM to jamA rahe the, kintu unake AdhAra para sampradAyoM kA dhruvIkaraNa nahIM ho pAyA thaa| unakA kAla sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM evaM spaSTa saMghabheda ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva kA hai| merI dRSTi meM umAsvAti digambara parampA ke to bilkula hI nahIM haiM, ve yApanIya bhI nahIM haiM, apitu uttara bhArata ko usa nirgrantha paramparA meM 1. boDiya sivabhUIo boDiyaliMgassa hoi uppattI / __ koDiNNa koTvIrA paraMparA phAsamuppaNA / / -Avazyaka mUlabhASya 148 Avazyakaniyukti haribhadrIya vRtti uddhRta pR0 215 / 2. dekhe-mahAvIra kA nirmANa-kAla-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, zramaNa, akTUbara disambara 92 / 3. dekheM-zvetAmbara mUlasaMgha evaM mAthurasaMgha : eka vimarza, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, zramaNa-julAI-sitambara 92 / .

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364 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hue hai jisase eka ora boTika ( yApanIyoM) kA vikAsa huA, to dUsarI ora zvetAmbaroM kaa| ve usa koTikagaNa aura uccanAgara zAkhA meM hue haiM 'jisase vibhakta hokara uttara bhAratIya sacela-acela paramparAe~ vikasita huI haiN| cAhe umAsvAti ko AgamoM kA anusaraNa karane vAlI evaM apavAda mArga meM vastra-pAtra kI samarthaka paramparA ke hone ke kAraNa aura kalpasUtra ko sthavirAlI meM unakI ucca nAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha hone ke kAraNa zvetAmbara kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu ve usa artha meM zvetAmbara nahIM haiM, jisa artha meM Aja hama unheM zvetAmbara samajha rahe haiN| mAtra ve vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA ke pUrvaja haiM / pATaliputra meM tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kI racanA bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ve uttara bhArata ke usa nirgrantha saMgha ke sadasya the, jisake uttarAdhikArI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI haiM aura isa dRSTi se ve zvetAmbaroM evaM yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja haiN| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM AgamoM kA anusaraNa tathA zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM dvArA mAnya aneka avadhAraNAoM kI upasthiti yahI siddha karatI hai, ki AgamoM kI taraha zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ko tatvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya bhI uttarAdhikAra meM prApta hue haiM aura isIlie donoM hI use apanI paramparA kA kaheM, to usameM koI atizayokti nahIM honI cAhie / hA~ itanA avazya hai ki digambara paramparA ko tattvArtha sIdhe uttarAdhikAra meM nahIM milA hai| usane use yApanIyoM se prApta kiyA hai| sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika tathA zlokavAttika para tattvArthasUtra ke svopajJa bhASya kA spaSTa prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| bhASya aura digambara paramparA meM mAnya sarvArthasiddhi kI TIkA meM kitanI sAmyatA hai, ise paM0 nAthUrAmajo premI ne spaSTa rUpa se siddha kiyA hai aura unhoMne yaha bhI batAyAhai ki bhASya kI lekhana zailI prasanna evaM gambhIra hote hae bhI dArzanikatA kI dRSTi se parizolita hai| jaina sAhitya meM dArzanika zailI ke vikAsa ke pazcAt sarvArthasiddhi likhI gaI hai, aisA vikAsa bhASya meM nahIM dikhAI detA / bhASya kama vikasita hai| arthakI dRSTi se bhI sarvArthasiddhi (bhASya kI apekSA) arvAcIna mAlUma hotI hai| jo bAta bhASya meM hai, sarvArthasiddhi meM usako vistata karake aura usa para adhika carcA karake nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa aura jainetara darzanoM kI carcA bhI usameM adhika hai| jaina paribhASAoM kA jo vizadIkaraNa aura vaktavya kA pRthakkaraNa savArthasiddhi meM hai, vaha bhASya meM kama se kama hai| bhASya ko apekSA usameM tAkikatA

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tatvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 365.. afer hai aura anya darzanoM kA khaNDana bhI jora pakar3atA hai / ye saba bAteM " sarvArthasiddhi se bhASya ko prAcIna siddha karatI haiM / " "yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jisa taraha se tattvArthasUtra para svopajJa bhASya ke atirikta zvetAmbara aura digambara TIkAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM usa taraha se yadyapi Aja koI yApanIya TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai kintu usakI yApanIya TIkAe~ bhI rahI haiM aura ye TIkAyeM bhASya se paravartI hokara bhI zvetAmbara siddhasenagaNi aura haribhadra kI TIkAoM se tathA digambara pUjyapAda kI TIkAoM se prAcIna hai| kyoMki inako upasthiti ke saMketa sarvArthasiddhi aura siddhasena ko vRtti meM upalabdha hote hai / "" sarvArthasiddhi ke mAdhyama se hI tattvArthasUtra kA praveza digambara paraMparA meM huA haiM / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbara tatvArtha sUtra sIdhe uttarAdhikArI hai jabaki digambaroM ko yaha yApanIyoM ke dvArA prApta huA hai | tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya meM jo yApanIya aura zvetAmbara tathya parilakSita hote haiM ve vastutaH una donoM kI eka hI pUrvaja paraMparA kekAraNa haiM / tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya ke yApanIya hone kA sabase mahattvapUrNa jo tarka diyA jA sakatA hai vaha yaha ki usameM puruSaveda, hAsya, rati aura samyaktva mohanIya ko puNya prakRti kahA gayA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ho sampradAya inheM puNya prakRti nahIM mAnate haiM / siddhasenagaNine to isa sUtra kI TokA karate hue likhA hai ki "karma prakRti grantha kA anusaraNa karane vAle to 42 prakRtiyoM ko hI puNya rUpa mAnate haiM, unameM samyaktva, hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda nahIM haiM / sampradAya viccheda hone ke kAraNa maiM nahIM jAnatA ki inameM bhASyakAra kA kyA abhiprAya hI aura karma prakRti grantha praNeNatAoM kA kyA abhiprAya hai / caudaha pUrvadhArI hai isakI ThIka-ThIka vyAkhyA kara sakate haiM / " isake viparIta bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthurAmajI pra emI, pR0 528 2. vahI pR0 441 3. " karma prakRtigranthAnusAriNastu dvAcatvAriMzatprakRtoH puNyAH kathayanti / "AsAM : ca madhye samyaktva hAsyaratipuruSavedA na santyeveti / ko'bhiprAyo bhASyakRtaH ko vA karmaprakRtigrantha praNayinAmitisampradAyavicchedAnmayA tAvanna vyajJAyIti / . caturdazapUrvarAdayastu saMvidate yathAvaditi nirdoSaM vyAkhyAtam / " ---tattvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya TIkA (siddhasena ) 8.

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' 366 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya vijayodayA TokA meM aparAjita ne ina cAroM prakRtiyoM ko puNya rUpa mAnA hai|' bhASya meM ina cAra prakRtiyoM ko puNya rUpa mAnanA vastutaH isa bAta sacaka hai ki pUrva meM koI eka paramparA aisI thI, jo inheM puNyarUpa mAnatI thii| isase itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyoM ne isa sandarbha meM bhASya kI paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, kintu karma granthoM para bala dene vAlI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM ne unheM svIkRti nahIM dI / yahI hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI se tIsarI zatAbdI ke bIca uttara bhArata ke jainoM meM aneka aisI dhAraNAyeM upasthita thI, jinameM se kucha yApanIya paramparA meM jIvita rahI, kucha zvetAmbaroM meM mAnya rhii| vastutaH tattvArtha kA kAla jaina darzana ke vikAsa kA kAla thaa| anya dRSTi se use darzana vyavasthA kA kAla bhI kahA jAtA hai| usa kAla meM upasthita aneka dhAraNAoM meM se kucha aisI bhI haiM jo kisI ke dvArA svIkRta nahIM hone se vilupta ho gaI, jaise kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnane vAlI paramparA athavA SaTjIvanikAya meM tIna trasa aura tIna sthAvara mAnane vAlI paramparA Adi / usa yuga meM inake astitva ke saMketa to milate haiM, kintu Age calakara ye vilupta ho jAtI haiN| Aja na to zvetAmbara meM aisA koI hai jo kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnatA ho aura na koI aisA hai jo tIna trasa aura tIna sthAvara ko svIkAra karatA ho| yadyapi zvetAmbara AgamoM evaM tattvArthasUtra meM unake astitva kI sacanA hai| ataH isa samagra carcA se hama isI nirNaya para para pahu~cate hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA uttara bhArata ko usa nirgranya dhArA meM hae haiM, jisase Age calakara zvetAmbara ( uttara bhArata kI sacela dhArA) aura yApanIya (uttara bhArata ko acela dhArA) paramparAyeM vikasita haI haiM / ve zvetAmbara aura yApanoya donoM ke pUrvaja haiM / hA~ itanA avazya hai ki ve dakSiNa bhAratIya acela-dhArA se jise hama digambara kahate haiM, sIdhe rUpa se sambaddha nahIM haiN| tattvArthasUtra kA kAla isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki umAsvAti aura unakA tattvArtha jainadharma 1. sadvedya samyaktvaM rati hAsyapu'vedAH zubhaiH nAma gotre zubhaM Ayu puNyaM, etebhyo anyAni pApAni / (bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1643 paMkti 4 ) uddhRta jainasAhitya aura itihAsa paM0 nAthUrAma premI pR0 543

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tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 367 kI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paramparAoM meM se mUlataH kisase sambandhita rahA hai, yaha prazna vidvAnoM ke mastiSka ko jhakajhoratA rahA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne mUlagrantha ke sAtha-sAtha usake bhASya aura 'prazamarati ko umAsvAti kI hI kRti mAnakara una donoM meM upalabdha zvetAmbara samarthaka tathyoM ke AdhAra para unheM zvetAmbara siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA, vahIM digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne bhASya aura prazamarati ke kartA ko tattvArtha ke kartA se bhinna batAkara tathA mUlagrantha meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM se kucha bhinnatA dikhAkara unheM digambara paramparA kA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jabaki paM0 nAthAma premI jaise kucha taTastha vidvAnoM ne grantha meM upalabdha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM se viruddha tathyoM ko ubhArakara aura yApanIya mAnyatAoM se nikaTatA dikhAkara unheM yApanIya paramparA kA siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| vastutaH ye samasta prayAsa tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke sandarbha meM kisI bho nizcita avadhAraNA ko banAne meM taba taka sahAyaka nahIM ho sakate, jaba taka ki hama umAsvAti ke kAla kA aura ina tInoM dhArAoM ke utpanna hone ke kAla kA nizcaya nahIM kara lete haiN| ataH sabase pahale hameM yahI dekhanA hogA ki umAsvAti kisa kAla ke haiM, kyoMki isI AdhAra para unakI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa saMbhava hai / umAsvAti ke kAla nirNaya ke sandarbha meM jo bhI prayAsa hue haiM ve sabhI unheM prathama se cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya kA siddha karate haiN| umAsvAti ke granthoM meM hameM saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna siddhAnta kA sunizcita svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotA / yadyapi guNasthAna 'siddhAnta se sambandhita kucha pAribhASika zabdoM ko upasthiti se itanA saMketa avazya milatA hai ki ye avadhAraNAyeM apane svarUpa-nirdhAraNa kI dizA meM gatizIla thii| isase hama isa niSkarSa para to pahu~ca ho sakate haiM ki umAsvAti ina avadhAraNAoM ke sunirdhArita evaM sunizcita hone ke pUrva hI hae haiN| tattvArthasUtra kI jo prAcIna TIkAe~ upalabdha haiM unameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArtha bhASya ko aura digambara paramparA meM sarvArthasiddhi ko prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai / inameM se tattvArtha bhASya meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI spaSTa avadhAraNA upalabdha nahIM hai jabaki sarvArthasiddhi meM guNasthAna kA spaSTa evaM vistRta vivaraNa hai / ' tattvArthasUtra kI paravartI 1. dekheM sarvArthasiddhi-saM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI; sUtra 118 kI TIkA /

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368 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya TIkAoM meM sarvaprathama akalaMka tattvArtha rAjavAtika meM cauthe adhyAya ke anta meM saptabhaMgI kA tayA 9veM adhyAya ke prArambha meM guNasthAna siddhAnta kA pUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN| tattvArtha kI TIkAoM ke atirikta anya granthoM meM zve. AgamoM meM samavAyAMga meM jova-ThANa ke nAma se yApanIya grantha SaTkhaNDAgama meM jIva samAsa ke nAma se aura digambara paramparA meM kundakunda ke granthoM guNaThANa ke nAma se isa siddhAnta kA ullekha milatA hai| ye sabhI grantha lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI ke AsapAsa ke haiN| isalie itanA to nizcita hai ki tattvArtha kI racanA cauthI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI hai / yaha sahI hai ki IsA dUsarI zatAbdI se vastra-pAtra ke prazna para vivAda prArambha ho gayA phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM pUrva zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A pAye the| nirgranthasaMgha (digambara ), zvetapaTa mahAzramaNasaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha kA sarva prathama ullekha halsI ke pAMcavIM zatI ke abhilekhoM meM hI milatA hai| mUlasaMgha kA ullekha usase kucha pahale I0 san 370 evaM 42. kA hai5. tattvArtha ke mUlapAThoM kI kahIM digambara paramparA se, kahoM zvetAmbara paramparA se aura kahIM yApanoya paramparA se saMgati honA aura kahIM visaMgati honA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki vaha saMghabheda ke pUrva kI racanA hai| mujhe jo saMketa sUtra mile haiM usase aisA lagatA hai ki tattvArtha usa kAla kI racanA hai jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya spaSTa rUpa se vibhAjita hokara astitva meM nahIM Aye the| zrI kApaDiyA jI ne tattvArtha ko prathama zatAbdo ke pazcAt cautho zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM aise bhI aneka tathya haiM jo na to. sarvathA vartamAna zvetAmvara paramparA se aura na hI digambara paramparA se 1. samavAyAMga ( saM0 madhukara muni ) 14/95 2. SaTkhaNDAgama ( satprarUpaNA) 1/1/5, 9-22 3. niyamasAra gA0 77 ( lakhanaU, aMgrejI anuvAda saha) aura samayasAra gA0 55; uddhRta guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa-pro0 sAgaramala jaina, tulasIprajJA khaNDa 18 aMka 1, apraila-jana 92, pR0 15-29 / 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (mANikacandra granthamAlA ) bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 98, 99 5. vahI, lekha kramAMka 90 evaM 94

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 369 mela khAte haiN| 'hisTrI oNpha miDivala skUla oNpha iNDiyana lAjika' meM tattvArthasUtra kI tithi 1-85 A D. svIkAra kI gaI hai| pro0 viTaraniraja mAnate haiM ki umAsvAti usa yuga meM hue jaba uttara bhArata meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya eka dUsare se pUrNataH pRthak nahIM hue the| unakA grantha tattvArtha spaSTataH sampradAya bheda ke pUrva kA hai| sampradAya bheda ke saMbaMdha meM sarvaprathama hameM jo sAhityika sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai vaha Avazyaka mUlabhASya kI hai, jo Avazyaka niyukti aura vizeSAvazyaka ke madhya nirmita huA thaa| usameM vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt hI boTikoMkI utpatti arthAt uttara bhArata meM acela aura sacela paramparAoM ke vibhAjana kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki mani ke sacela yA acela hone kA vivAda to AryakRSNa aura Arya ziva ke bIca vIra ni0 saM0609 meM haA thA, kintu paramparA bheda unake ziSya kauDiNya aura koTravIra se huaa| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki spaSTa rUpa se paramparA bheda vIra ni0 saM0 609 ke pazcAt haA hai| sAmAnyatayA vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvata se 470 varSa pUrva mAnA jAtA hai kintu isameM 60 varSa kA vivAda hai, jisakI carcA AcArya hemacandra se lekara samakAlIna aneka vidvAna bhI kara rahe haiM / itihAsakAroM ne candragupta, azoka aura samprati Adi kA jo kAla nirdhArita kiyA hai usameM candragupta aura bhadrabAhu kI tathA samprati aura suhasti kI samakAlikatA vora nirvANa ko vikrama saMvat 410 varSa pUrva mAnane para hI adhika baiThatI hai / yadi vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvat ke 410 varSa pUrva huA hai to yaha mAnanA hogA ki saMghabheda 609-410 arthAt vikrama saMvat 199 meM huA / yadi isameM bhI hama kauDiNya aura koTTavIra kA kAla 60 varSa jor3e to yaha saMghabheda lagabhaga vikrama saMvat 259 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI uttarArdha meM huA hogaa| isa saMghabheda ke phalasvarUpa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA kA spaSTa vikAsa to isake bhI lagabhaga sau varSa pazcAt hI huA hogaa| kyoMki, pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrva ina nAmoM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 1. History of Indian Literature by M. Winternitz. vol. II P-579 2. dekheM-jAla cATiyara kA lekha-dI DeTa oNpha mahAvIra, iNDiyana eNTi kverI, jilda jUna, julAI, agasta 1914 / 3. dekheM-mahAvIra kA nirvANa kAla-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina 24

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370 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke samavAyAMga jaise zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM aura yApanIya paramparA ke kasAyapAhuDa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama jaise granthoM se tattvArthasUtra kI kucha nikaTatA aura kucha virodha yahI siddha karatA hai ki usakI racanA inake pUrva huI hai| tattvArthabhASya kI prazasti tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ke kAla kA nirNaya karane kA Aja ekamAtra mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai / usa prazasti ke anusAra tattvArtha ke kartA uccai gara zAkhA meM hue / uccai gara zAkhA kA uccanAgarI zAkhA ke rUpa meM kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai| usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki yaha zAkhA Arya zAntizreNika se prArambha huii| kalpasatra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra zAntizreNika Aryavajra ke guru siMhagiri ke gurubhrAtA the| zve0 paTTAvaliyoM meM Aryavajra kA svargavAsa kAla vIra nirvANa saM0 584 mAnA jAtA hai, yadyapi maiM isase sahamata nahIM haiN| ataH AryazAnti zreNika kA jIvana kAla vIra nirvANa 470 se 550 ke bIca mAnanA hogaa| phalataH AryazAntizreNika se ucca nAgarI kI utpatti vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM kisI samaya huii| isakI saMgati mathurA ke abhilekhoM se bhI hotI hai uccairnAgara zAkhA kA prathama abhilekha zaka saM0 5 arthAt vikrama saMvat 140 kA hai, ataH umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke pazcAt hI hogaa| umAsvAti ke tattvArthabhASya meM unheM uccai gara zAkhA kA batAyA gayA gayA hai| isa zAkhA ke nau abhilekha hameM mathurA se upalabdha hote haiM / 2 jina para kaniSka, haviSka aura vAsUdeva kA ullekha bhI hai| yadi inapara aMkita samvat zaka saMvat ho to yaha kAla zaka saM0 5 se 87 ke bIca AtA hai, itihAsakAroM ke anusAra kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva I0 san 78 se 176 ke bIca hue haiN| vikrama saMvat kI dRSTi se unakA yaha kAla saM0 135 se 233 ke bIca AtA hai arthAt vikrama saMvat kI dvitIya zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura tRtIya zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha / abhilekhoM ke kAla kI saMgati Arya zAnti zreNika aura unase utpanna ucca nAgarI zAkhA ke 1. therehito NaM ajjasaMtiseNie hito NaM mATharasagottehito etya uccanAgarI sAhAniggayA / kalpasUtraM (kalpasutta), 218, prAkRta bhAratI jayapura / 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 19, 20, 22, 23, 31, 35, 36, 50, 64; uccai gara zAkhA kA prathama lekha kaniSka varSa 5 kA antima lekha huviSka vAsudeva varSa 87 kA hai|

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 371 kAla se ThIka baiThatI hai| umAsvAti isake pazcAt hI kabhI hue haiN| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne apane praguru ghoSanandI zramaNa aura guru zivazrI kA ullekha kiyA hai| mujhe mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM khoja karane para sthAnika kula ke gaNI uggahiNI ke ziSya vAcaka ghoSaka kA ullekha upalabdha huA hai| sthAnikakula bhI usI koTikagaNa kA kula hai, jisakI eka zAkhA ucca nAgarI hai| kucha abhilekhoM meM sthAnika kula ke sAtha vajrI zAkhA kA bhI ullekha huA hai / yadyapi uccanAgarI aura vajI donoM hI zAkhAe~ koTikagaNa kI haiM / mathurA ke eka anya abhilekha meM 'nivatanA zIvada' aisA ullekha bhI milatA hai| nivartanA sambhavataH samAdhi sthala kI sUcaka hai, yadyapi isase ye AryaghoSaka aura Arya ziva nizcita rUpa se hI umAsvAti ke guru evaM praguru haiM, isa niSkarSa para pahu~canA kaThina hai, phira bhI sambhAvanA to vyakta ko hI jA sakatI hai| AyaM kRSNa aura Arya ziva jinake vIca vastra-pAtra sambandhI vivAda vIra ni0 saM0609 meM haA thaa| una donoM ke ullekha hameM mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / yadyapi Arya ziva ke sambandha meM jo abhilekha upalabdha haiM, usake khaNDita hone se saMvat kA nirdeza to spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu 'nivatanAsIvada' aisA ullekha hai jo isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki unake samAdhi sthala para koI nirmANa kArya kiyA gayA thaa| Arya kRSNa kA ullekha karane vAlA lekha spaSTa hai aura usameM zaka saMvat 95 nirdiSTa hai / isa abhilekha meM koTToyagaNa sthAnIya kula aura vairI zAkhA kA ullekha bhI hai| isa AdhAra para Arya ziva aura Arya kRSNa kA kAla vi0 saM0 230 ke lagabhaga AtA hai / vastra-pAtra vivAda kA kAla vIra ni0 saM0 609 tadanusAra 609 - 410 = vi0 saM0 199 mAnane para isakI saMgati upayukta abhilekha se ho jAtI hai kyoMki Arya kRSNa kI yaha pratimA unake svargavAsa ke 30-40 varSa bAda hI kabhI bano hogii| usase yaha bAta bho puSTa hAtI hai ki Arya ziva Arya kRSNa se jyeSTha the| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalo meM bhI unheM jyeSTha kahA gayA hai, kintu katipaya paravartI racanAoM meM unheM Arya kRSNa kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| hAlA~ki yaha bAta ucita pratota nahIM hotii| sambhAvanA yaha bhI hai ye donoM gurubhAI hoM aura 1. jainazilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 85 / 2. The Jain Stupa and other Anti quities of Mathura, Vincent A. Simth,-Indological Bookhouse 1969, p. 24.

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372 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya unameM Arya ziva jyeSTha aura Arya kRSNa kaniSTha hoM yA Arya ziva Arya kRSNa ke guru hoN| ___ ina Arya ziva ko umAsvAti kA praguru mAnane para unakA kAla tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se cauthI zatAbdI pUrvArdha taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM taka ke jo bhI jaina zilAlekha upalabdha haiM, unameM kahIM bhI zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya aisA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / vastra, pAtra Adi ke upayoga ko lekara vikrama saMvat ko tIsarI zatAbdo ke pUrvArdha se vivAda prAraMbha ho gayA thA, kintu spaSTa rUpa se zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya paraMparAoM ke bheda sthApita nahIM hue the| vi0 saM0 kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvAdha ke arthAt I0 san 475 se 490 ke abhilekhoM meM sarvaprathama zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNasaMgha (zvetAmbara ), nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha (digambara) aura yApanIya saMgha ke ullekha milate haiN| pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI ne umAsvAti kA kAla caturtha zato nirdhArita kiyA hai| yaha ucita hI hai| cAhe hama umAsvAti kA kAla prathama se caturtha zatI ke bIca kucha bhI mAne kintu itanA nizcita hai ki ve saMgha bheda ke pUrva ke haiN| yadi hama umAsvAti ke praguru ziva kA samIkaraNa Arya ziva, jinakA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI hai aura jo uttara bhArata meM vastrapAtra saMbaMdhI vivAda ke janaka the, se karate haiM to samasyA kA samAdhAna milane meM suvidhA hotI hai / Arya ziva vIra nirvANa saM0609 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM upasthita the| isa AdhAra para umAsvAti tIsarI ke uttarArdha aura cauthI ke pUrvArdha meM hue hoMge, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ve isa paraMparA bheda meM bhI kauDiNya aura koTTavIra ke sAtha saMgha se alaga na hokara mUladhArA se jur3e rahe ho / phalataH unakI vicAradhArA meM yApanIya ora zvetAmbara donoM hI paraMparA kI mAnyatAoM kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai| vastra-pAtra ko lekara ve zvetAmbaroM aura anya mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM yApanIyoM ke nikaTa rahe haiN| isa samasta carcA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki umAsvAti kA kAla vi0 saM0 kI tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya hai aura isa kAla taka vastra-pAtra saMbaMdhI vivAdoM ke bAvajUda bhI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIyoM kA alaga-alaga sAmpradAyika astitva nahIM bana pAyA thaa| spaSTa sampradAya bheda, saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM kA nirdhAraNa aura zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise nAmakaraNa pA~cavI zatAbdI ke bAda hI astitva meM Aye haiM / umAsvAti nizcita hI spaSTa saMpradAya bheda aura sAmpradAyika

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 373 mAnyatAoM ke nirdhAraNa ke pUrva ke AcArya haiM / ve usa saMkramaNa kAla meM hue haiM, jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya saMpradAya aura unakI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAe~ aura sthira ho rahI thI / ve usa artha meM zvetAmbara yA digambara nahIM hai, jisa artha meM Aja hama ina zabdoM kA artha lete haiM / ve yApanIya bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki yApanIya sampradAya kA sarvaprathama abhilekhIya pramANa bhI vikrama kI chaThIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha aura IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke uttarArdha ( I0 san 475 ) kA milatA hai | ataH ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA kI koTikagaNa ko uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue haiN| unake saMbaMdha meM itanA mAnanA ho paryApta hai / unheM zvetAmvara, digaMbara yA yApa-nIya sampradAya se jor3anA ucita nahIM hai / umAsvAti kA janma-sthala evaM kAryakSetra tatvArtha sUtra ke praNetA umAsvAti ne tattvArtha bhASya ko antima prazasti meM apane ko uccairnAgara zAkhA kA kahA hai tathA apanA janma-sthAna nyagrodhakA batAyA hai / ataH uccairnAgara zAkhA ke utpatti-sthala evaM umAsvAti ke janma-sthala kA abhijJAna ( pahacAna ) karanA Avazyaka hai| uccairnAgara zAkhA kA ullekha na kevala tattvArtha - bhASya' meM upalabdha hotA hai, apitu zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya kalpasUtra ko sthavirAvalI meM tathA mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra uccairnAgara zAkhA koTikagaNa kI eka zAkhA thI / mathurA ke 20 abhilekhoM meM koTikagaNa tathA nau abhilekhoM meM uccairnAgara zAkhA kA ullekha milatA hai / koTikagaNa koTivarSa ke nivAsI Arya susthita se nikalA thA / koTivarSa kI pahacAna purAtattvavidoM ne uttara baMgAla ke pharIdapura se kI hai" / isI koTikagaNa ke Arya zAnti zreNika se uccairnAgara zAkhA ke nikalane kA ullekha hai / kalpasUtra ke gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM kA sambandha vyaktiyoM yA sthAno ( nagaroM) se rahA hai jaise 1. tattvArthabhASya antima prazasti zloka saM0 3, 5 2. kalpasUtra, sthavirAlI 218 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-2 lekhakramAMka, 10, 20, 22, 23, 31, 35, 36, 50, 64, 71 , 4. kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI, 216 aitihAsika sthAnAvalI ( le0 vijayendra kumAra mAthura ) pR0 saM0 231

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374 : jainadharma kA yopanIya sampradAya vAraNagaNa, vAraNAvarta se sambandhita thA, koTikagaNa koTivarSa se saMbaMdhita thA, yadyapi kucha gaNa vyaktiyoM se bhI sabandhita the| zAkhAoM meM kauzambiyA, koDambAnI, candranAgarI, mAdhyamikA, saurASTrikA, uccainagira Adi zAkhAe~ mukhyatayA nagaroM se sambandhita rahI haiN| uccai gara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala U~ceharA (ma0 pra0) __yahA~ hama uccainAMgara zAkhA ke sandarbha meM hI carcA kareMge / vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki vaha uccainagara kahA~ sthita thA, jisase yaha zAkhA nikalI thii| muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI aura horAlAla kApar3iyA ne kaniMghama ko AdhAra banAte hue, isa uccai gara zAkhA kA sambandha vartamAna bulandazahara pUrvanAma varaNa se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI ne bhI tattvArtha ko bhUmikA meM isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kaniMghama likhate haiM ki "varaNa yA bAraNa yaha nAma hindU itihAsa meM ajJAta hai| 'baraNa' ke cAra sikke bulandazahara se prApta hue haiN| musalamAna lekhakoM ne ise baraNa kahA hai / maiM samajhatA hU~ ki yaha vahI jagaha hogI aura isakA nAmakaraNa rAjA ahibaraNa ke nAma ke AdhAra para huA hogA jo ki tomara vaMza se sambandhita thA aura jisane yaha kilA bahuta purAnA hai aura eka U~ce TIle para banA huA hai jisake AdhAra para hinduoM dvArA yaha U~cA gAMva yA U~cA nagara kahA gayA hai aura musalamAnoM ne use bulandazahara kahA hai|' yadyapi kaniMghama ne kahIM bhI isakA sambandha uccai gara zAkhA se nahIM batAyA, kintu unake dvArA bulandazahara kA U~cAnagara ke rUpa meM ullekha hone se muni kalyANavijaya jo aura kApar3iyA jI ne tathA bAda meM paM0 sukhalAla jI ne uccai gara zAkhA ko bulandazahara se jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyaa| pro0 kApar3iyA ne yadyapi apanA koI spaSTa abhimata nahIM diyA hai / ve likhate haiM "isa zAkhA kA nAmakaraNa kisI nagara ke AdhAra para ho huA hogA, kintu isakI pahacAna apekSAkRta kaThina hai, kyoMki bahuta sAre aise grAma aura zahara haiM jinake anta me 'nagara' nAma pAyA jAtA hai| ve Age bhI likhate ha ki kaniMghama kA vizvAsa hai ki yaha U~cAnagara se sambandhita hogii|" cU~ki kaniMghama ne ArkiyolAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA ke 143 khaNDa me bulandazahara kA samIkaraNa U~cA nagara se kiyA thaa| isI 1. Archaeological Survey of India. Voll. 14, P, 47 2. tattvArthAdhigamasUtram ( dvitIya vibhAga ) prastAvanA, hIrAlAla kApar3iyA, pR06 6 .

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 375 AdhAra para muni kalyANavijaya jo ne yaha likha diyA hai "U~cA nagarI zAkhA prAcIna U~cA nagarI se prasiddha huI thii| U~cA nagarI ko Ajakala bulandazahara kahate haiN|" isa sambandha meM paM0 sukhalAla jo kA kathana hai'uccai gara' zAkhA kA prAkRta nAma 'uccAnAgara' milatA hai / yaha zAkhA kisI grAma yA zahara ke nAma para prasiddha huI hogI, yaha to spaSTa dIkhatA hai; parantu yaha grAma kauna-sA thA, yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai| bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM meM 'nagara' nAma se yA anta meM 'nagara' zabdavAle aneka zahara tathA grAma haiN| 'var3anagara' gajarAta kA purAnA tathA prasiddha nagara hai / bar3a kA artha moTA (vizAla ) aura moTA kA artha kadAcit UMcA bhI hotA hai| lekina gujarAta meM bar3anagara nAma bhI pUrvadeza ke usa athavA usa jaise nAma ke zahara se liyA gayA hogA, aisI bhI vidvAnoM ko kalpanA hai| isase uccanAgara zAkhA kA bar3anagara ke sAtha hI sambandha hai, yaha jora dekara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake atirikta jaba uccanAgara zAkhA utpanna huI, usa kAla meM bar3anagara thA yA nahIM aura thA to usake sAtha jainoM kA kitanA sambandha thA, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai / uccanAgara zAkhA ke udbhava ke samaya jainAcAryoM kA mukhya vihAra gaMgA-yamunA ko tarapha hone ke pramANa milate haiN| ataH bar3anagara ke sAtha uccanAgara zAkhA ke sambandha kA kalpanA sabala nahIM rhtii| isa viSaya meM kaniMghama kA kahanA hai "yaha bhaugolika nAma uttara-pazcima prAnta ke Adhunika bulandazahara ke antargata 'uccanagara' nAma ke kile ke sAtha mela khAtA hai|" kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki U~cAnAgara zAkhA kA sambandha bulandazahara se tabhI jor3A jA sakatA hai jaba usakA astitva I0pU0 prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga rahA ho / mAtra yahI nahIM usa kAla meM vaha UMcAnagara kahalAtA bhI ho| isa nagara ke prAcIna 'baraNa' nAma kA ullekha to hai, kintu yaha bho 9-10voM zatAbdI se pUrva kA jJAta nahIM hotA hai| bAraNa (baraNa) nAma se kaba isakA nAma bulandazahara huA, isake sambandha meM unhoMne apanI asamarthatA vyakta kI hai / yaha hinduoM dvArA U~cAgA~va yA U~cAnagara kahA jAtA thA-mujhe to yaha bhI unakI kalpanA sI pratIta hotI hai| isa sambandha meM ve koI bhI pramANa prastuta nahIM kara 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha ( muni kalyANa vijaya ), pR0 37 2. tattvArthasUtra, (vivecaka paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI), prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, pR0 saM04

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376 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sake haiN| barana nAma kA ullekha bho muslima itihAsakAroM ne dasavIM sadI ke bAda hI kiyA hai / itihAsakAroM ne isa U~cAgA~va kile kA sambandha tomara vaMza ke rAjA ahivaraNa se jor3A hai, ataH isakI avasthiti IsA ke pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI se pUrva to siddha hI nahIM hotI hai| yahA~ se mile sikkoM para 'govitasabArANaye' aisA ullekha hai / svayaM kaniMghama ne bhI yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki ina sikkoM kA sambandha vAraNAva yA vAraNAvata se rahA hogaa| vAraNAvarta kA ullekha mahAbhArata meM bhI hai jahA~ pANDavoM ne hastinApura se nikalakara vizrAma kiyA thA tathA jahA~ unheM jindA jalAne ke liye kauravoM dvArA lAkSAgRha kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA thA / bAraNAvA ( bAraNAvata ) meraTha se 16 mIla aura bulandazahara (prAcIna nAma barana ) se 50 mIla kI dUrI para hiMDona aura kRSNA nadI ke saMgama para sthita hai| merI dRSTi meM yaha vAraNAvata vahIM hai jahA~ se jainoM kA 'vAraNagaNa' nikalA thaa| 'vAraNagaNa kA ullekha bhI kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI evaM mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai ataH bAraNAbata ( vAraNAvarta ) kA sambandha vAraNagaNa se ho sakatA hai na ki uccanagiro zAkhA se, jo ki koTigaNa ko zAkhA thii| ataH aba hameM isa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa kara lenA cAhie, ki uccai gara zAkhA kA sambandha kisI bhI sthiti meM bulandazahara se nahIM ho sakatA hai / yaha satya hai ki uccai gara zAkhA kA sambandha kisI U~cAnagara se hI ho sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM hamane isase milate-julate nAmoM kI khoja prAraMbha kii| hameM U~cAhAra, UMcaDIha, UMcIbastI, U~cauliyA, U~cAnA, U~cceharA Adi kucha nAma prApta hue / hameM ina nAmoM meM U~cahAra ( u0 pra0) aura U~ceharA ( ma0pra0 ) ye do nAma adhika nikaTa pratIta hue| U~cAhAra kI sambhAvanA bhI isa lie hameM ucita nahIM lagI 1. aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, pR0 saM0 608, 640 2. kaniMghama-arkiyolAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA, vAlyU0 14, pR0 147 3. vahI, 4. aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, pR0 saM0 843-44 5. kalpasUtra, sthavirAvalI, 212 6. U~ccha nAmaka anya nagaroM ke lie dekhie-The Ancient Geography of India ( Cunningham ) pp. 204-205

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tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 377 ki usakI prAcInatA ke sandarbha meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH hamane U~ceharA ko hI apanI gaveSaNA kA viSaya banAnA ucita samajhA / U~ceharA madhyapradeza ke satanA jile meM satanA reDiyo sTezana se 11 ki0mI0 dakSiNa kI ora sthita hai / U~ceharA se 7 ki0mI0 uttarapUrva kI ora bharahuta kA prasiddha stupa sthita hai, isase isa sthAna kI prAcIjanatA kA bhI patA laga jAtA hai / vartamAna OM ceharA se lagabhaga 2 ki0mI0 kI dUrI para pahAr3a ke paThAra para yaha prAcIna nagara sthita thA, isI se - isakA U~cAnagara nAmakaraNa bhI sArthaka siddha hotA hai / vartamAna meM yaha vIrAna sthala 'khoha' kahA jAtA hai / vahA~ ke nagara nivAsiyoM ne mujhe yaha bhI batAyA ki pahale yaha uccakalpanagarI kahA jAtA thA aura yahA~ se bahuta so purAtAtvika sAmagrI bhI nikalI thI / yahA~ se gupta kAla arthAt IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke rAjAoM ke kaI dAnapatra prApta hue haiM / ina tAmra- dAnapatroM meM uccakalpa (ucchakalpa ) kA spaSTa ullekha hai, ye dAnapAtra gupta saM0 156 se gupta saM0 209 ke boca ke haiM / (vistRta vivaraNa ke liye dekheM aitihAsika sthAnAvalI - vijayendra kumAra mAthura, pR0 260261 ) / isase isa nagara kI guptakAla meM to avasthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai / punaH jisa prakAra vidizA ke samIpa sAMcI kA stUpa nirmita huA hai usI prakAra isa uccairnagara ( OMcaherA ) ke samIpa bharahuta kA stUpa nirmita huA thA aura yaha stUpa I0 pU0 dUsarI yA prathama zatI kA hai / itihAsakAroM ne ise zuMga kAla kA mAnA hai / bharahuta ke stUpa ke pUrvI toraNa para 'vAcchita dhanabhUti kA ullekha hai|' punaH abhilekhoM meM 'suganaM raje' aisA ullekha hone se zuMga kAla meM isakA honA sunizcita hai / ataH uccairnAgara zAkhA kA sthApanA kAla ( lagabhaga I0 pU0 prathama zatI) aura isa nagara kA sattAkAla samAna ho hai / ataH ise uccairnAgara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala mAnane meM kAla dRSTi se koI bAdhA nahIM hai / OMceharA ( ucca kalpanagara ) eka prAcIna nagara thA, isameM aba koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA hai / yaha nagara vaizAlI yA pATaliputra se vArANasI hokara bharukaccha ko jAne vAle athavA zrAvastI se kauzAmbI hokara vidizA, ujjayinI aura bharukaccha jAne vAle mArga meM sthita hai / isI d 1. bharahuta ( DaoN0 ramAnAtha mizra ), prakAzaka - hindI grantha akAdamI bhopAla, ( ma0pra0) bhUmikA pR0 18 - 2 . vahI, pR0 18-19

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378 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya prakAra vaizAlI pATaliputra se padmAvatI (pa~vAyA ), gopAdri ( gvAliyara ) hote hue mathurA jAne vAle mArga para bhI isakI avasthiti thI / usa samaya pATalIputra se gaMgA aura yamunA ke dakSiNa se hokara jAne vAlA mArga hI adhika pracalita thA, kyoMki isameM bar3I nadiyA~ nahIM AtI thIM, mArga pahAr3I hone se kIcar3a Adi bhI adhika nahIM hotA thA / jaina sAdhu prAyaH yahI mArga apanAte the 1 prAcIna yAtrA mArgoM ke adhAra para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki U~cA nagara kI avasthiti eka pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM thI / yahA~ se kauzAmbI, prayAga, vArANasI Adi ke mArga the / pATaliputra ko gaMgA-yamunA Adi bar3I nadiyoM ko binA pAra kiye jo prAcIna sthala mArga thA, usake kendra-nagara ke rUpa meM uccakalpa nagara (Uca cAnagara) kI sthiti siddha hotI hai / yaha eka aisA mArga thA, jisameM kahIM bhI koI bar3I nadI nahIM AtI thI / ataH sArtha nirApada samajhakara ise hI apanAte the / prAcIna kAla se Aja taka yaha nagara dhAtuoM ke mizraNa ke bartanoM hetu prasiddha rahA hai| Aja bhI vahA~ kAMse ke bartana sarvAdhika mAtrA meM banate haiM / OMceharA kA uccair zabda se jo dhvani-sAmya hai vaha bhI hameM isI niSkarSa ke lie bAdhya karatA hai ki uccairnAgara zAkhA kI utpatti isI kSetra se huI thI / umAsvAti kA janma sthAna nAgoda ( ma0 pra0 ) umAsvAti ne apanA janma sthAna nyagrodhikA batAyA hai / isa saMbaMdha meM bhI vidvAnoM ne aneka prakAra ke anumAna kiye haiM / cUMki umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya kI racanA kusumapura (paTanA) meM kI thI / ataH adhikAMza logoM ne umAsvAti ke janmasthala ko pahacAna usI kSetra meM karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / nyagrodha ko vaTa bho kahA jAtA hai / isa AdhAra para pahAr3apura ke nikaTa baTagohalI, jahA~ se paMcastUpAnvaya kA eka tAmra-lekha milA hai, se bhI isakA samIkaraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / merI dRSTiye dhAraNAe~ samucita nahIM haiM / uccairnAgara zAkhA, U~ceharA se sambandhita thI, usameM umAsvAti ke dokSita hone kA artha yahI hai ki ve usakeutpatti sthala ke nikaTa hI kahIM janme hoMge / uccairnAgara yA OM ceharA se mathurA jahA~ uccanAgarI zAkhA ke adhikatama ullekha prApta hue haiM tathA paTanA jahA~ unhoMne tattvArthabhASya ko racanA kI, donoM hI lagabhaga samAna dUrI para avasthita rahe haiM / vahA~ se donoM lagabhaga 350 ki0 mI0. 1 1. tattvArtha sUtra, bhUmikA ( paM0 sukhalAlajI), pR0 5

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paraMparA : 379 kI dUrI para avasthita haiM aura kisI jaina sAdhu ke dvArA yahA~ se eka mAha kI padayAtrA kara donoM sthaloM para AsAnI se pahuMcA jA sakatA thaa| svayaM umAsvAti ne ho likhA hai ki ve vihAra ( padayAtrA ) karate hue kusumapura ( paTanA ) pahu~ce the ( viharatApuravarekusumanAmni ) / ' isase yahI lagatA hai ki nyagrodha, ( nAgoda ) kusumapura (paTanA) ke bahuta samopa nahIM thaa| DaoN. horAlAla jaina ne saMgha vibhAjana sthala rahavIrapura kI pahacAna dakSiNa meM mahArASTra ke ahamadanagara jile ke rAhurI grAma se aura umAsvAti ke janmasthala ko pahacAna usI ke samopa sthita 'nidhoja' se kI, kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai| prathama to vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se nyagrodha kA prAkRta rUpa nAgoda hotA hai, nidhoja nahIM / dUsare umAsvAti jisa uccai gara zAkhA ke the, vaha zAkhA uttara bhArata kI thI, ataH unakA sambandha uttara bhArata se ho hai| ataH unakA janma sthala bhI uttara bhArata meM hI hogaa| uccAnagarI zAkhA ke utpatti sthala U~ceharA se lagabhaga 30 ki0 mI. pazcima kI ora 'nAgoda' nAma kA kasbA Aja bhI hai| AjAdI ke pUrva yaha eka svatantra rAjya thA aura U~ceharA isI rAjya ke adhIna AtA thaa| nAgoda ke Asa-pAsa bhI jo prAcIna sAmagrI milI hai usase yahI siddha hotA hai ki yaha bhI eka prAcIna nagara thaa| pro0 ke0 DI0 bAjapeyI ne nAgoda se 24 ki0 mo0 dUra nacanA ke purAtAttvika mahattva para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| nAgoda ko avasthiti pannA ( ma0pra0), nacanA aura U~ceharA ke madhya hai| isa kSetroM meM zaMgakAla se lekara 9vIM-10vIM zato taka ko purAtAtvika sAmagrI milatI hai, ataH isakI prAcInatA meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / nAgoda nyagrodha kA hI prAkRta rUpa hai, ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki umAsvAti kA janma sthala yahI nAgoda thA aura jisa ucca nAgarI zAkhA meM ve dIkSita 1. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, svopajJa bhASya, antima prazasti, zloka saM0 3 2. digambara jaina siddhAnta darzana, prakA0 digambara jaina paMcAyata bambaI, digambara 1944 meM mudrita 'jaina itihAsa kA eka vilupta adhyAya' nAmaka pro0 hIrAlAla jaina kA lekha, pR0 7 3. saMskRti saMndhAna ( sampA0 DaoN0 jhinakU yAdava ) prakA0 rASTrIya mAnava saMskRti zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI vAlyUma III, 1990 meM mudrita 'bundelakhaNDa kI sAMskRtika dharohara, nacanA nAmaka pro0 kRSNadatta bAjapeyI kA lekha, pR0 31

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380 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hue theM, vaha bhI usI ke samIpa sthita OM ceharA ( uccakalpa nagara ) se utpanna huI thI / tattvArthabhASya kI prazasti meM umAsvAti kI mAtA ko vAtsI kahA gayA hai / hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki vartamAna nAgoda aura OM ceharA donoM hI prAcIna vassa deza ke adhIna hI the / bharahuta aura isa kSetra ke Asa-pAsa jo kalA kA vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai, vaha kauzAmbo arthAt vatsadeza ke rAjAoM ke dvArA hI kiyA gayA thA / OM ceharA vatsadeza ke dakSiNa kA eka prasiddha nagara thA / bharahuta ke stUpa ke nirmANa meM bhI vAtsI gotra ke logoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna thA, aisA vahA~ se prApta abhilekhoM se pramANita hotA hai / bharahuta ke stUpa ke pUrvI toraNadvAra para vAcchoputta dhanabhUti kA ullekha hai / ataH hama isI niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki umAsvAti kA janmasthala nAgoda madhya pradeza ( nyagrodha ) aura unakI uccanagara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala OM ceharA ( ma0pra0 ) hI hai / tathA unhoMne vartamAna paTanA ( kusumapura ) meM apanA tattvArtha bhASya likhA thA ataH ve uttara bhArata ke nigraMtha saMgha meM hue haiM / upasaMhAra tattvArthasUtra ke saMndarbha meM uparyukta vistRta vivecana ke pazcAt maiM jina niSkarSo para pahu~cA hU~, ve nimna haiM 1. jahA~ taka grantha ke nAma kA prazna hai cAhe hama use tattvArthasUtra mAne yA tattvArthAdhigamasUtra mAne, isase usakI paramparA ke nirdhAraNa meM koI sahAyatA nahIM milatI hai / yadi paM0 phUlacandajI zAstrI ke anusAra eka -bAra yaha bhI mAna liyA jAya ki tattvArthAdhigamasUtra yaha nAma bhASya kA hai mUlasUtra kA nahIM, to bhI isase usake svarUpa aura paramparA meM koI antara nahIM AtA hai / vaise to tattvArthasUtra ke donoM paramparA meM ye donoM aura dUsare aneka nAma pracalita rahe haiM / ataH grantha nAma kA vivAda sArthaka nahIM haiM / 2. jahA~ taka tattvArtha ke kartA ke nAma kA prazna hai vaha umAsvAti ho hai / gRdhrapiccha yA vAcaka umAsvAti ke vizeSaNa ho sakate haiM, kintu unake nAma nahIM / unake nAma ke sAtha gRdhrapiccha vizeSaNa hone se ho na to ve digambara yA yApanIya siddha hote haiM aura na vAcaka vizeSaNa hone se zvetAmbara siddha hote haiM / phira bhI vidvAnoM ne aisI avadhAraNA banAI hai / merI dRSTi meM ye donoM hI vizeSaNa uttara bhArata kI avibhakta usa nirgranthadhArA 1. bharahuta, bhUmikA pR0 saM0 18 Jain Education: International

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 381 meM diye jAnA saMbhava hai, jisase eka ora yApanIya paramparA kA aura dUsarI ora zvetAmbara paramparA kA vikAsa huA / vAcaka vizeSaNa ke pramANa to nandisUtra sthavirAlI meM milate hI haiN| kyoMki isa kAlataka uttara bhArata ke muni UnI rajoharaNa ke sthAna para picchi ( pratilekhana ) rakhate the, ataH gRdhrapiccha vizeSaNa se bhI unheM uttara bhArata kI nirgranthadhArA kA mAnane se koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / 3. kAla kI dRSTi se umAsvati IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI ke pazcAt aura caturtha zatAbdI ke pUrva hue haiM / pro0 DhAkI ke dvArA unakA kAla IsvI san 375-400 mAnA gayA hai / unake isa kAla ke AdhAra para unheM na to zvetAmbara, na digambara aura na yApanIya hI kahA jA sakatA hai / vastutaH ve usa kAla meM hue haiM jaba uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM AcAra evaM vicAra sambandhI aneka matabheda astitva meM A gaye the, kintu usa yuga taka sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa hokara zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya paramparAoM kA janma nahIM huA thA / hameM pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva na to abhilekhoM meM aura na sAhityika srotoM meM aise koI saMketa milate haiM, jisake AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sake ki usa kAla taka zvetAmbara ( zvetapaTTa ) digambara yA yApanIya aise nAma astitva meM A gaye the / yadyapi vastra pAtrAdi ko lekara vivAda kA prAdurbhAva ho cukA thA, kintu saMgha spaSTa rUpa se khemoM meM vibhAjita hokara zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara aise nAmoM se abhihita nahIM huA thaa| usa kAla taka mAnyatA bheda aura AcArabheda ko lekara vibhinna gaNa, kula aura zAkhAe~ to apanA svatantra astittva rakhatI thIM, kintu sampradAya nahIM bane the / ataH kAla kI dRSTi se umAsvAti na to zvetAmbara the aura na yApanIya hI the, apitu ve usa pUrvaja dhArA ke pratinidhi haiM jisase ye donoM paramparAe~ vikasita huI hai| hA~ itanA avazya hai ki dakSiNa bhArata kI acela dhArA jo Age calakara digambara nAma se jAnI gaI, usase ve sIdhe rUpa meM sambandhita nahIM the / 4. yaha satya hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI kucha mAnyatAe~ zvetAmbara AgamoM ke aurakucha mAnyatAe~ digambaramAnya AgamoM ke virodha meM jAtI haiM / yaha bhI satya hai ki unakI kucha mAnyatAe~ yApanIya granthoM meM yathAvat rUpa meM pAyI jAtI haiM, kintu isa sabase hama isa niSkarSa para nahIM pahu~ca sakate ki ve zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya paramparA ke the / jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM

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382 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya saMketa kiyA hai - umAsvAti usa kAla meM hue haiM jaba vaicArika evaM AcAragata matabhedoM ke hote hue bhI sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa nahIM huA thA / isI kA yaha pariNAma hai ki unake granthoM meM kucha tathya zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla aura kucha pratikUla, kucha tathya digambaroM ke anukUla aura kucha pratikUla tathA kucha tathya yApanIyoM ke anukUla evaM kucha unake pratikUla pAye jAte haiM / vastutaH unakI jo bhI mAnyatAeM haiM, uccanAgara zAkhA kI mAnyatAe~ haiM / ataH mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para ve koTikagaNa kI uccanAgara zAkhA ke the / unheM zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya mAna lenA saMbhava nahIM hai / 1 5. umAsvAti ke tattvArtha sUtra ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM jahA~ zvetAmbara vidvAn zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ko prastuta karate haiM, vahIM digambara vidvAn SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke granthoM ko tattvArtha sUtra kA AdhAra batAte haiM / kintu ye donoM hI mAnyatAe~ bhrAMta haiM, kyoMki umAsvAti ke kAla taka na to SaTkhaNDAgama aura na kundakunda ke grantha astitva meM Aye the aura na zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM kI balabhI vAcanA hI ho pAyI thI / SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke grantha jinameM guNasthAna siddhAnta kA vikasita rUpa upalabdha hai, tattvArtha ke pUrvavartI nahIM ho sakate haiM / guNasthAna siddhAnta aura saptabhaMgI kI avadhAraNAe~ jo tattvArthaM meM anupasthita haiM ve lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM astitva meM AyIM / ataH unase yukta grantha tattvArtha ke AdhAra nahIM ho sakate haiM / valabhI kI vAcanA bhI vikrama kI chaThIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM hI sampanna huI hai ataH valabhI vAcanA meM sampAdita Agama-pATha bhI tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM, kintu yaha mAnanA bhI bhrAMta hogA, ki tattvArtha kA AdhAra Agama grantha nahIM the / valabhI vAcanA meM AgamoM kA saMkalana evaM sampAdana to huA tathA unheM lipibaddha bhI kiyA gayA / kintu usake pUrva una Agama granthoM kA astitva to thA hI, kyoMki valabhI meM koI naye Agama nahIM bane the / umAsvAti ke sammukha jo Agama grantha upasthita the, ve na to devadhi kI valabhI ( vIra0 saM0 980) ke the aura na skandila kI mAthurI vAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 840 ke the, apitu usake pUrva kI AryaMrakSita ko vAcanA ke the / yahI kAraNa hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kI avadhAraNAoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM valabhI vAcanA se bhinnatA parilakSita hotI haiM / IsA kI prathama - dvitIya zatAbdI meM jo Agama grantha upasthita the, ve hI umAsvAti

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 383 ke tattvArthasUtra kA upajIvya bane hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki una prAcIna AgamoM kA mAthurI aura valabhI vAcanAoM meM saMkalana evaM sampAdana huA hai, nava-nirmANa nahIM, ataH yaha mAnanA bho bilkula galata hogA ki tattvArtha ke kartA umAsvAti ke sammukha jo Agama upasthita the, ve vartamAna zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se bilkula hI bhinna the| ve mAtra inakA pUrva saMskaraNa the| 6. tattvArtha ke bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya aise do pATha pracalita haiN| inameM kauna-sA pATha prAcIna aura maulika hai tathA kauna-sA vikasita hai ? yaha viSaya vivAdAspada rahA hai| isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA ke bAda hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki jahA~ sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha bhASA, vyAkaraNa aura viSayavastu tInoM kI dRSTi se apekSAkRta zuddha, vyAkaraNa sammata aura vikasita hai, vahIM bhASyamAnya mUlapATha usako apekSA bhASAyI daSTi se pUrvavartI aura kama vikasita pratIta hotA hai| ataH bhASyamAnyapATha kI prAcInatA suspaSTa hai| sujikA ohiro Adi videzI vidvAnoM kA bhI yahI mantavya hai| 7. isI se sambaddha hI eka prazna yaha uThatA hai ki isa pATha parivartana kA uttaradAyI kauna hai ? sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki yaha pATha parivartana digambara AcAryo ke dvArA kiyA gayA, kintu pUrva carcA meM maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki bhASyamAnyapATha kA saMzodhana karake jo sarvArthasiddhimAnyapATha nirdhArita haA hai, usa parivartana kA dAyitva digambara AcAryoM para nahIM jAtA hai| yadi pUjyapAda devanandI ne hI isa pATha kA saMzodhana kiyA hotA to va 'ekAdaza jine' Adi una sUtroM ko nikAla dete yA saMzodhita kara dete jo digambara paramparA ke pakSa meM nahIM jAte haiN| isa sambandha meM merA niSkarSa yaha hai ki sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha kisI yApanIya AcArya dvArA saMzodhita hai| pUjyapAda devanandI ko jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huA hai unhoMne usI rUpa meM usako TIkA likho hai| punaH yaha saMzodhita pATha bho svayaM tattvArtha bhASya para AdhArita hai| isameM aneka bhASya ke vAkya yA vAkyAMza sUtra ke rUpa meM grahIta kara lie gaye haiM / jahA~ taka bhASyamAnya pATha kA prazna hai, vahI tattvArthasUtra kA mUla pATha rahA haiM aura zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI koI pATha saMzodhana nahIM kiyA haisiddhasena gaNi ko vaha pATha jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huA hai, unhoMne use vaisA hI rakhA hai yadi ve use saMzodhita karate yA sarvArthasiddhi ke pATha ke AdhAra

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384 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya para use apanI paramparAnusAra nayA rUpa dete, to phira mUla evaM bhASya meM jina mUla bhedoM kI carcA ve karate haiM, vaha sambhava hI nahIM hotI, ataH pATha saMzodhana na to digambaroM ne kiyA hai aura na zvetAmbaroM ne| usakA uttaradAyitva to yApanIya AcAryoM para jAtA hai| 8. tattvArthAdhigama bhASya kI svopajJatA bhI eka vivAda kA viSaya rahI hai| isa sandarbha meM samasta vivecanA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki bhASya kI svopajJatA nirvivAda hai| bhASya tattvArthasUtra kI anya TIkAoM kI apekSA avikasita hai usameM guNasthAna, syAdvAda, saptabhaMgI jaise viSayoM kA spaSTa abhAva hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajo premI Adi kucha digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI usakI svopajJatA svIkAra kiyA hai, ataH bhASya kI svopajJatA nirvivAda hai| 9. bhASya meM jo vastra-pAtra sambandhI ullekha hai, ve vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA ke poSaka na hokara usa sthiti ke sUcaka hai, jo I0 san kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI meM uttarabhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha kI thI aura jinakA aMkana mathurA kI muni pratimAoM meM bhI huA hai| mathurA ke isa kAla ke aMkano meM muni nagna hai, kintu usake hAtha meM kambala aura mukhavastrikA hai / kucha muni nagna hokara bhI pAtra yukta jholI hAtha meM lie hue haiM, to kucha jholI rahita mAtra pAtra lie hue haiN| yaha saba usa saMkramaNa kAla kA sUcaka hai jisake kAraNa vivAda huA aura phalataH zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA (uttarabhArata ko acela dhArA) kA vikAsa huaa| bhASya meM mani vastra ke lie cIvara zabda kA prayoga huaa| kalpasUtra meM bhI mahAvIra jisa eka vastra ko lekara dokSita hue aura eka varSa aura eka mAha pazcAt jisakA parityAga kara diyA thA--use cIvara kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mahAvIra lagabhaga eka varSa taka eka vastra ko rakhate hae bhI nagna rhe| yahI sthiti umAsvAti ke kAla ke sacela nirgrantha zramaNoM kI hai-ve sacela hokara bhI nagna hai| pAlI tripiTika meM nirgranthoM ko jo eka zATaka kahA gayA hai, vaha sthiti bhI tattvArtha bhASya ke kAla taka uttara bhArata meM yathAvata cala rahI jii| mathurA meM eka ora vastra dhAraNa kiye eka bhI muni pratimA nahIM milI, to dUsaro aura pUrNataH nirvastra pratimA bhI nahIM milI hai| kyoMki unake gaNa, kula, zAkhAyeM zvetAmbara mAnya kalpasUtra ke anusAra hai| ataH ve zvetAmbaroM ke pUrvaja AcArya haiM, isameM bhI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA hai /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 385 10. umAsvAti ko yApanIya grantha SaTkhaNDAgama Adi kA anusaraNakartA mAnakara yApanIya kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yApanIya paramparA pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt hI astitva meM AI hai aura SaTkhaNDAgama Adi meM guNasthAna siddhAnta kA vistRta vivaraNa hone se ve tattvArthasUtra se paravartI hai| vastutaH umAsvAti zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI dhArAoM kI pUrvaja uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA ko uccanAgara zAkhA meM hue haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki ve sacela pakSa ke samarthaka rahe hoM, kintu isa AdhAra para unheM zvetAmbara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| apavAda rUpa meM sacelatA to yApanIyoM ko bhI mAnya thii| hama dekhate haiM ki mathurA ke zilpa meM muniyoM kI matiyoM ke jo aMkana haiM, usameM ve sacela aura sapAtra hokara bho nagna haiN| ina mUtiyoM ke aMkana kA kAla aura umAsvAti kA kAla lagabhaga eka hI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki cAhe umAsvAti apavAda mArga meM muni ke dvArA vastra aura pAtra grahaNa karane ke virodhI bhale na ho kintu ve usa artha meM sacelatA ke samarthaka bhI nahIM haiM, jisa artha meM Aja zvetAmbara usakA artha grahaNa karate haiM / 11. ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrvaja haiM / yadyapi itanA nizcita hai ki ve dakSiNa bhArata kI prAcIna nigraMtha dhArA se sIdhe sambaddha nahIM the, kyoMki ve uttara bhArata meM hue haiN| unakA janmasthAna nyagrodhikA aura unakI uccanAgarazAkhA kA utpatti sthala uccakalpanagara Aja bho uttara-pUrva madhyapradeza meM satanA ke nikaTa nAgoda aura U~ceharA ke nAma se avasthita haiN| unakA vihAra-kSetra bhI mukhya rUpa se paTanA se mathurA taka rahA hai / isa sabase yahI phalita hotA hai ki ve dakSiNa bhArata ko acela dhArA se sambaddha na hokara uttara bhArata ko usa dhArA se sambaddha rahe haiM jisase Age calakara zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kI nigrantha paramparA, jo Age calakara digambara nAma se abhihita huI, unase yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI paricita huI hai| 25

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adhyAya 4 yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ jahA~ taka nava yA sapta tattva, Sadravya, paMcAstikAya, SaTjIvanikAya, aSTakarma, triratna, paMcamahAvata, rAtribhojananiSedha, paMcasamiti, tonagupti zrAvaka ke dvAdazavata evaM gyAraha pratimAe~ Adi jaina dharma ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM kA prazna hai; yApanIya saMgha ko mAnyatAoM tathA zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM kI mAnyatAoM meM krama Adi ko chor3akara koI mUlabhUta antara nahIM hai / ataH yApanIya saMgha kI dhArmika evaM dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke prasaMga meM unako carcA karanA mujhe Avazyaka pratIta nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ hama kevala unhIM viziSTa mAnyatAoM kI carcA kareMge, jinameM yApanIya saMgha zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM se matavaibhinnya rakhatA hai| hama pUrva meM hI yaha sUcita kara cuke haiM ki yApanIya saMgha zvetAmbaroM evaM digambaroM kI ativAdI dhArAoM ke bIca eka yojaka kar3I hai| vaha kucha bAtoM meM digambara paramparA ke aura kucha bAtoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke nikaTa pratIta hotA hai| yadi hama niSpakSa rUpa se vicAra kareM to yApanIya saMgha vaha madhyakendra pratIta hotA hai, jahA~ se vartamAna zvetAmbara aura digamvara dhArAe~ AcAra ke kucha praznoM ko lekara do bhinna dizAoM meM prasthAna karatI haiN| mahattvapUrNa yaha hai ki vastra-pAtra Adi ke vivAdAspada praznoM para, yApanIya sampradAya jo dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA hai-vaha Aja bhI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM ke madhya yojaka kar3I bana sakatA hai| vastutaH jaba uttara bhArata meM pravartita mahAvIra ke zramaNasaMgha meM vastrapAtra rakhane kA Agraha jora pakar3ane lagA, bhagavAn mahAvora dvArA upadiSTa evaM Acarita acelakatva arthAt jinakalpa kA viccheda batA kara usakA unmUlana kiyA jAne lagA aura vastra-pAtra ke ApavAdika mArga (sthavirakalpa) ko ho tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM ekamAtra mArga mAnA jAne lagA, to zivabhUti prabhRti kucha prabuddha muniyoM ne usakA virodha kiyaa| isa virodha kI phalazruti svarUpa hI usa sampradAya kA janma huA, jo yApanIyoM kI pUrva avasthA tho aura jise zvetAmbaroM ne boTika yA boDiya

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 387 kahA thA / vastutaH vastra pAtra Adi ke praznoM para mahAvIra kI zramaNaparamparA ko yApanoyoM ko isa pUrva paramparA ne eka yathArtha dizA dene kA prayatna kiyA thA, kintu AgrahI vRttiyoM ne usakI bAta anasunI kara dI aura saMgha vibhakta ho gayA / durbhAgya to yaha hai ki mahAvIra kI mUla vicAradhArA aura AcAra paramparA ke nikaTa hote hue bhI yApanIyoM ko apane-apane ativAdI AgrahoM ke kAraNa zvetAmbaroM ne mithyAdRSTi, prabhUtatara visaMvAdI aura sarvApalApo taka kahA aura digambaroM ne bhraSTa evaM jainAbhAsa batAyA / Ae~ - sarvaprathama to zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM kI dRSTi meM yApanIyoM kI kyA mAnyatAe~ thIM, ise dekheM aura phira niSpakSa bhAva se unake granthoM ke AdhAra para unakI mAnyatAoM kA prastutIkaraNa evaM mUlyAMkana kareM / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM ullikhita yApanoya saMgha kI mAnyatAe~ vaha jaisA ki hama pUrva meM dekha cuke haiM, zvetAmbara sAhitya meM yApanIya paramparA sambandhI prAcIna ullekha boTika ke nAma se hue haiN| Avazyaka mUlabhASya I0 san lagabhaga pA~cavI zatI meM mAtra yaha ullekha hai ki vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt rathavIrapura nagara ke dIpaka udyAna meM AryakRSNa aura zivabhUti ke bIca upadhi sambandhI carcA ke phalasvarUpa boTika dRSTi aura boTika liGga kI utpatti huI aura unake ziSya koDiNNa aura vIra se eka alaga paramparA calI / kintu yahA~ yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki boTika dRSTi aura boTika liGga kyA thA ? mAtra itanA hI saMketa hai ki vivAda kA kAraNa upadhi arthAt parigraha hI thA / usake pazcAt kAlona grantha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ( I0 san chaThI zatI uttarArdha) meM vivAda kA viSaya vastra aura pAtra batalAye gaye haiM / 2 vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM jahA~ zivabhUti vastrAdi parigraha ko kaSAya kA hetu batAkara acelakatva yA jinakalpa kA samarthana karate haiM, vahA~ AryakRSNa jinakalpa ke viccheda kA udghoSa karate haiM / isase phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya ( boTika ) acelatA para bala dete the / anya sAkSyoM se yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki ve pANItala bhojo the arthAt pAtra meM bhojana grahaNa nahIM karate the / isa prakAra vizeSA 1 1. Avazyaka mUlabhASya, gAthA 147 ( vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 2552 ke pUrva ) - 2. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 2552-2609 ( Agamodaya samiti bambaI ) 1927

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388 : jainadharmaM kA mApanIya sampradAya vazyakabhASya ke anusAra boTika bhinnamata aura bhinnaliGga the / abhayadeva, sthAnAGga' kI TIkA meM veza aura dharma sAdhanA kI dRSTi se cAra prakAra ke puruSoM kI carcA karate hue likhate haiM, "boTikoM meM sthita muni kAraNavazAt sAdhu ke veza ( liGga ) kA tyAga karate haiM kintu dharma arthAt caritra kA tyAga nahIM karate, jabaki nihava veza vahI rakhate haiM kintu dharma kA tyAga kara dete haiM / " dUsare zabdoM meM abhayadeva ke anusAra boTikoM kA bAhyaveza to zvetAmbara paramparA ke anurUpa nahIM thA, kintu unameM munibhAva yathArtha thA / boTikoM ke prati yaha udAra aura sammAnapUrNa dRSTi abhayadeva kI apanI viziSTatA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM boTika ko bhI niva mAnA gayA hai phira bhI abhayadeva jahA~ anya nihnavoM ko dharma yA cAritracyuta mAnate haiM, vahA~ boTikoM ko cAritracyuta nahIM mAnate haiM / isa prakAra ve anya nihnavoM kI apekSA boTikoM ko vizeSa sammAna dete the / unakI dRSTi meM boTika dharmacyuta nahIM the / sambhavataH abhayadeva ke samakSa boTika sampradAya ke kucha aise muni rahe hoMge, jinameM unhoMne yathArtha rUpa meM muni-bhAva pAyA hogA anyathA ve jinabhadra jaise samartha AcArya se bhinna mata kaise prakaTa karate? abhayadeva ke pUrva haribhadra ne Avazyaka niyukti TIkA meM sabhI nihnavoM ko mithyAdRSTi kahA hai' arthAt unheM mAnyatA kI dRSTi se bhinna batAyA hai / kintu anya kisI ke mata kA sandarbha dete hue ve kahate haiM ki boTika to dravyaliGga kI dRSTi se bhI bhinna haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki boTikoM ke liGga arthAt muniveza kI bhinnatA kI carcA aneka zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kI hai / prasaMga meM unheM acela ) kahA gayA hai / hameM granthoM meM mAtra itanA picchI ( rajoharaNa ) boTikoM ke liGga (bAhyadeza ) kI carcA ke ( vastrarahita ) aura pANItalabhojI ( pAtrarahita AvazyakabhASya Adi apekSAkRta prAcIna stara ke hI ullekha milatA hai / ve saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM aura zaucopakaraNa ke rUpa meM kamaNDalu ( pAtra ) rakhate the yA nahIM isakI spaSTa carcA vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM nahIM hai kintu pAtra ke abhAva meM zauca yA aMgazuddhi kaise karate the, yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ? isake do hI vikalpa the- yA to ve zauca ke lie sUkhe pattoM kA athavA nadI, jharane Adi ke jala kA upayoga karate hoMge yA phira zaucopakaraNa ke rUpa meM pAtra rakhate.. 1. sthAnAMgaTIkA, abhayadeva - sthAna 4, pU0 241 2. Avazyaka niyukti - haribhadraTIkA

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yApanIya saMgha ko viziSTa mAnyatAeM : 389 hoNge| yApanIya grantha mulAcAra ke malapATha meM zaucopakaraNa ke rUpa meM pAtra ( kamaNDala ) kA ullekha bhI mujhe nahIM milA, yadyapi TIkAkAra vasunandI ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai, jabaki saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM piccho rakhe jAne kA spaSTa ullekha malAcAra ke malapATha meM hai| paravartI zvetAmbara sAhitya meM inake dvArA pratilekhana, (dhammakuccaga) kamaNDalu, sAdar3I (caTAI) evaM Asana rakhe jAne kI sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai| ___ AcArAMgacUNi ( 7vIM zatI ) meM yApanIyoM | boTiko kI upadhi ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha upalabdha hotaa| usameM kahA gayA hai 'teNa je ime sarIramattapariggahA, pANipUDabhoiNo te NAma apariggahA taM jahA uDuDa boDiyA sArakkhamAdi asaNAdo vA tattheva bhujati jahA boddiy|' ""jahA boDieNa dhammakuccagakaDasAgarAdi secchayA gahiyA- arthAt boTika zarIra mAtra parigraha dhArI pANipuTa bhojI the, unhoMne svecchA se dharma-kUrcaka, kaTAsana aura sAdaDI ko grahaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra AcArAMgacUNi ke anusAra boTika / yApanIya dharmakUrcaka arthAt pratilekhana yA picchI, kaTa arthAt Asana aura sAdaDI arthAt caTAI ye tona upakaraNa to rakhate hI the, kintu AcArAMgacUrNi ke mUlapATha meM inake Age 'Adi' zabda kA prayoga hai / ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki isake atirikta kamaNDalu Adi bhI ve rakhate rahe hoMge, kintu usakA prayoga mAtra zauca ke lie hotA rahA hogA kyAki iso grantha meM unheM pANItalabhojI bhI kahA gayA hai / ___. AcArAMgacUrNi ke pazcAt zolAGka kI AcArAMgaTokA meM boTikoM ke upakaraNoM kI sUcI ke prasaMga meM kuNDikA, taTTikA, lambaNikA,azvAvAlAdhivAlAdi kA ullekha huA hai| yahA~ kuNDikA-kamaNDalu ko taTTikA Asana kI aura lambaNikA caTAI kI aura azvavAlAdhivAla picchI yA pratilekhana ke sUcaka mAne jA sakate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM spaSTarUpa se yApanIya zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga haribhadrasUri ke TIkA graMtha lalitavistarA ( AThavIM zatI) meM upalabdha hai| isa grantha meM yApaniyoM ke strImukti ke samarthana ke sambandha meM kyA tarka the, isakA ullekha huA hai| 1. mUlAcAra, samayasArAdhikAra ( jJAnapITha ) 912-916 evaM 916 kI TIkA -kuNDikAdigrahaNa / 2. AcArAMgacUNi, pR0 169 3. vahI, pR0 82 4. AcAroga zIlAMkavRtti, pR0 122

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390 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya yApaniyoM kI anya mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM haribhadra ne isa grantha meM koI carcA nahIM kI hai| isa ullekha se mAtra itanA hI phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya strI kI tadbhava mukti ke samarthaka the| haribhadrasUri ne yApanoya tantra se eka uddharaNa dekara usakI vistRta vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| yahA~ unakI vyAkhyA meM na jAkara mAtra unake mUla kathana kA hI ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai / yApaniyoM kA tarka thA ki strI na to ajIva ( jar3a ) hai, naH abhavya hai, vaha darzana virodho bhI nahIM hai, vaha na to amanuSya hai aura na anArya hai / vaha asaMkhya Ayu vAlI bhI nahIM hai / vaha na to atikrUra prakRti kI hai aura na anupazAMta moha ( adamita kaSAya ) hai aura na zuddhAcAra se rahita hai, vaha azuddha zarIra bhI nahIM hai, na vaha vyavasAya vajita hai, na apUrvakaraNa kI virodhinI hai, na vaha navamaguNasthAna se rahita hai aura na labdhi ke ayogya hai| vaha akalyANa ko bhAjana bhI nahIM hai to phira vaha uttama dharma kI sAdhaka kyoM nahIM ho sakatI hai?' haribhadra ne yApanIya paramparA ke jisa prAkRta grantha se yaha saMdarbha diyA hai, vaha grantha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai, vidvAnoM ko isa dizA meM khoja karanA cAhie, zAyada kisI zAstra-bhaNDAra meM vaha upalabdha ho jaaye| haribhadrasUri ke upayukta vivaraNa ke pazcAt haribhadra ke hI grantha SaDdarzanasamuccaya ko TIkA meM guNaratna ne digambaroM ke kASThAsaMgha, malasaMgha, mAthurasaMgha aura gopya (yApanIya ) saMgha kA vivaraNa dete hue yApanIyoM kI mAnyatA kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki yApanIya saMgha ke muni nagna rahate haiM, mayUrapicchI rakhate haiM aura pANitalabhojI hote haiN| ve nagna pratimA ko pUjate haiM tathA vandana karane vAle zrAvakoM ko dharmalAbha dete haiN| unakI ye saba bAteM digambaroM ke samAna haiM, kintu ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki striyoM ko usI bhava meM mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai, kevalI bhojana karate haiM aura sagrantha avasthA (savastra yA gRhIveza) evaM parazAsana 1. yApanIyatantre-" No khalu itthI ajIvo Na yAvi abhavyA Na yAvi daMsa NavirohiNI No amANusA aNAriuppattI No asaMkhejjAuyA No aikUramaI No Na uvasantamohA No Na suddhAcArA No asuddhaboMdI No vavasAyavajjiyA No apunvakaraNavirohiNI No NavaguNaThANarahiyA No ajogA laddhIe No akallANabhAyaNaM ti kahaM na uttamadhammasAhiga / " -haribhadrasUri, zrI lalitavistarA, pR0 56

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAeM : 391 arthAt anya dharma paramparA ke veza se bhI mukti sambhava hai|' unake ye vicAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke anukUla hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM yApanIya mAnyatAoM para anya koI vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / mAtra kucha granthoM meM strI-mukti aura kevalobhukti ke sandarbha meM zAkaTAyana ke strImukti prakaraNa evaM kevalIbhukti prakaraNa kI kucha kArikAyeM uddhRta kI haI milatI hai| digambara sAhitya meM ullekhita yApaniyoM ko mAnyatAe~ yadyapi dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina abhilekhoM meM IsvI san kI 5vIM zatoM ke uttarArdha se yApanIyoM ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu digambara sAhitya meM dasavIM zatAbdI meM pUrva yApanIyoM kA spaSTa ullekha kahIM nahIM milatA hai| isa sambandha meM pUrvavartI digambara sAhitya-vizeSa rUpa se tattvArtha kI TIkAoM kA aura anya dArzanika grantha kA adhyayana kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha sahasA vizvAsa nahIM hotA ki ina pA~ca zatAbdiyoM meM digambara paramparA meM yApanIyoM para kucha bhI nahIM likhA gayA hogaa| merI jAnakArI meM digambara sAhitya meM sarvaprathama yApanIyoM kA ullekha bRhatkathAkoza' evaM darzanasAra ( donoM ho vikrama kI 10vIM zatI kA antima caraNa ) meM milatA hai| usameM mAtra yahI vivaraNa hai ki yApanoyoM kI utpatti zrI kalaza nAmaka zvetAmbara sAdhu se huI hai| pratota hotA hai ki ina granthoM ke kartAoM ne anuzrati ke AdhAra para lagabhaga sAta sau barSa pUrva kI ghaTanA kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai, kyoMki isako pUSTi kisI anya srota se nahIM hoto hai| ina granthoM meM yApanIya mAnyatAoM kA koI spaSTa saMketa nahIM hai, mAtra zvetAmbaroM ke sAtha-sAtha yApanIya, kASThA, drAvir3a aura mAthura (niSpicchika ) saMgha ko jainAbhAsa batAyA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki yApanIya kyoM jainAbhAsa haiM ? aura unako kyA mAnyatAeM haiM ? digambara paramparA meM ratnanandI ke bhadrabAhucarita meM bhI yApanoyoM ke 1. SaDdarzana-samuccaya-haribhadrasUri, kArikA 44 / -guNaratnaTIkA ( bhAratIya jJAnapITha) pR0 161 2. bRhatkathAkoza ( bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1943 ) kathAkramAMka 131, pR0 319 3. darzanasAra ( devasena ), gAthA 29 uddhRta jainasAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva pIThikA, pR0 372 4. anekAnta, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, pR0 134

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392 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya utpatti kI kathA do gayI hai, kintu yaha kathA bho paravartI kAla ko hai aura pUrNataH kAlpanika lagatI hai| pro. upAdhdhe ne bhI ise prAmANika nahIM mAnA hai| merI dRSTi meM isa kathA meM satyAMza yahI hai ki vastradhArI sAdhuoM dvArA punaH acelakatva grahaNa karane se isa sampradAya kI utpatti huI, jo mAnyatAoM ko dRSTi se zvetAmbaroM ke nikaTa hote hue bhI bAhyaveza kI dRSTi se digambaroM ke nikaTa thaa| zrutasAgara ne darzanaprAbhRta ( daMsaNapAhuDa ) ko TokA meM yApanIyoM kI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha karate hue likhate haiM ki 'yApanIya khaccara ke samAna donoM arthAt zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM ko svIkAra karate haiM / ratnatraya kI pUjA bhI karate haiM aura kalpasUtra kA vAcana bhI karate haiM / sAtha hI strI kI tadbhavamukti, kevalo-kavalAhAra, sagrantha ( vastrayukta ) ko mukti aura parazAsana ( anya tairthika ) se mukti kA kathana karate haiN|' anyatra zrutasAgara ne apanI TIkA meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki "jainAbhAsoM dvArA jisameM yApanoya bhI sammilita haiM, nagna mUliyoM ko pratiSThA kI jAtI hai, ve mUrti yA~ na to vandanIya haiM aura na pUjanoya / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki yApanoya bhI nagna mUrtiyoM kI hI pUjA karate the| ina sAmAnya kathanoM ke atirikta digambara sAhitya meM yApanIyoM kA koI vistata ullekha nahIM milanA Azcaryajanaka hai| itanA avazya hai ki adhikAMza digambara AcAryoM ne strImukti evaM kevalobhukti ke khaNDana meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM zAkaTAyana ke tarkoM ko ho AdhAra banAyA hai| Age hama yApanIyoM kI pramukha mAnyatAoM ko carcA kreNge| strI mukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna yApanoya paramparA ke viziSTa siddhAntoM meM strImukti, sagranthamukti, ( gRhasthamukti ) aura anyatairthika mukti aiso avadhAraNAeM haiM, jo use digambara paramparA se pRthaka karatI hai| eka ora yApanoya saMgha acelakatva (digambaratva ) kA samarthaka hai, to dUsarI ora vaha strImukti, sagrantha ( gRhastha ) mukti anyatairthika ( anya liGga) makti Adi kA bhI samarthaka hai| yahI bAta use zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA ke nikaTa lAkara khar3A 1. dekheM-dasaNapAhuDa, zrutasAgara ko ttiikaa| 2. vhii|

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 393 kara detI / yadyapi strI mukti kI avadhAraNA zvetAmbara mAnya uttarAdhyayana, jJAtAdharmakathA Adi prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM bhI upasthita rahI hai, phira bhI tArkika rUpa se strImukti kA samarthana sarvaprathama yApanIyoM ne hI kiyA hai| strImukti ke niSedha ke svara sarvaprathama 5vIM - 6vIM zatI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM hI mukhara hue aura cU~ki vahA~ AgAmika paramparA ko mAnya karane vAlA yApanIya saMgha upasthita thA, ataH use ho unakA pratyuttara denA par3A / zvetAmbaroM ko stro - mukti sambandhI vivAda kI jAnakArI yApanoyoM se prApta huI / zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra ( 8vIM zato ) ne sarvaprathama isa carcA ko apane grantha lalitavistarA meM 'yApanIya tantra' ke ullekha ke sAtha uThAyA hai / isake pUrva bhASya aura cUrNi - sAhitya meM yaha carcA anupalabdha hai / isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to hameM yaha 'dekhanA hogA ki isa tArkika carcA ke pahale strImukti ke samarthaka aura 'niSedhaka nirdeza kina granthoM meM milate haiM ! sarvaprathama hameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke antima adhyayana ( I0pU0 dvitIya- prathama zatI) meM strI ko tadbhava mukti kA spaSTa ullekha prApta hotA hai" / jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke atirikta yApanIya paramparA meM bhI uttarAdhyayana ko mAnyatA thI aura usake adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA usameM lagabhaga 9vIM zatI taka jIvita rahI hai kyoMki aparAjita ne apano bhagavatIArAdhanA ko TokA meM uttarAdhyayana se aneka gAthAeM uddhRta kI hai, jo kvacita pAThabheda ke sAtha vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM bhI upalabdha hai / * samavAyAMga, nandosUtra Adi zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM, tattvArthabhASya ke sAtha-sAtha tattvArthasUtra kI digambara TIkAoM meM evaM SaTkhaNDAgama ko dhavalATokA meM bhI aMgabAhya grantha ke rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne uttarAdhyayana ko I0 pUrva tRtIya se I0 pU0 prathama zatI ke madhya ko racanA mAnA hai / uttarAdhyayana ko apekSA " kiMcita paravartI zvetAmbara mAnya Agama jJAtAdharmakathA ( I0 pU0 prathama zatI) ke malli nAmaka adhyAya ( I0 san prathamazatI ) meM tathA antakRtadazAMga ke aneka adhyayanoM meM stro mukti ke ullekha haiM / AgAmika 1. uttarAdhyayana, 36 4, sAdhvI candanA, vIrAyatana prakAzana / itthI purisasiddhA ya taheva ya napuMsaNA / saliMge annaliMge ya gilige taheva ya // 2. jJAtAdharmakathA, aSTam adhyayana

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394 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya vyAkhyAoM meM Avazyaka cUNi ( 7vIM zatI ) meM bhI marudevI kI mukti kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya.. yApanIya grantha kaSAyaprAbhRta evaM SaTkhaNDAgama bhI strI mukti ke samarthaka haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki I0 san kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI taka jaina paramparA meM kahIM bhI strImukti kA niSedha nahIM thA / strImukti evaM sagrantha ( savastra ) kI mukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha AcArya kundakunda ne suttapAhur3a meM kiyA hai| yadyapi yApanIya grantha SaTkhaNDAgama ko suttapAhuDa kA samakAlIna grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI usameM strImukti kA niSedha nahIM hai, apitu mUlagrantha meM to paryApta manuSyanI (strI) meM caudaha guNa-- sthAnoM ko sambhAvanA mAnakara prakArAntara se usako tadbhava mukti svIkAra kI gaI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki strImukti ke nirdeza hameM I0 pUrva ke Agamika granthoM se lekara I0 kI sAtavIM zatI taka kI AgAmika vyAkhyAoM meM milate haiN| phira bhI unameM kahIM bhI strImakti kI tAkika siddhi kA koI prayatna nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| isakI tArkika siddhi kI AvazyakatA to taba hoto, jaba kisI ne usakA niSedha kiyA hotaa| strImukti kA niSedha kundakunda ke pUrva kisI bhI AcArya ne kiyA ho, aisA eka bhI pramANa nahIM hai / yadyapi yaha vivAda kA viSaya hI rahA hai ki suttapAhuDa kundakunda kI racanA hai yA nahIM, phira bhI eka bAra hama yaha mAna leM ki suttapAhuDa kundakunda kI ho racanA hai to bhI usa grantha evaM usake kartA kA kAla chaThI zatAbdo ke pUrva kA to nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki kundakunda kI racanAoM meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgo ko avadhAraNAeM spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita hai jo lagabhaga pA~cavo-chaThI zatI meM astitva meM AI haiN| pro0 ema0 e0 DhAko ne kundakunda ke samaya sambandhI pUrva mAnyatAoM ko samIkSA karate hue isa para vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai. aura ve unheM chaTho zatAbdo ke pUrva kA kisI bhI sthiti meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| tattvArthabhASya ( lagabhaga caturtha zato ) meM siddhoM ke anuyogadvAra ko 1. AvazyakacUNi, bhAga 1, pRSTha 181 evaM bhAga 2, pRSTha 212 / 2. suttapAhuDa, gAthA 23-26 / 3. dekheM-AsapekTa aupha janAlojo, vAlyama 3, peja 187 para pro0 ema0 e0. DhAkI kA lekha-The Date of Kund Kudacharya.

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 395.. carcA karate hue liMgAnuyogadvAra kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhASya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha liMga zabda para usake donoM arthoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karatA hai| apane prathama artha meM liMga kA tAtparya hai-puruSa, strI yA napuMsaka rUpa zArIrika rcnaaeN| liMga ke isa prathama artha kI daSTi se usameM uttarAdhyayana ke samAna hI strI, puruSa aura napusaka tonoM liMgoM se mukti hone kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI ullekha hai ki pratyutpanna bhAva arthAt vartamAna meM kAma vAsanA kI upasthiti ko daSTi se to 'aveda' arthAt kAmavAsanA se rahita vyakti ko ho mukti hoto hai, kintu pUrva bhAva ko apekSA se to tInoM vedoM se siddhi hoto hai| sAtha ho usameM liMga kA artha veza karate hue kahA gayA hai pratyutpanna bhAva arthAt vartamAna bhAva kI apekSA meM to aliMga arthAt liMga ke prati mamatva se rahita AtmA hI siddha hotI hai| bhAvaliMga ko apekSA se svaliMga ho siddha hote haiM, kintu dravyaliMga arthAt bAhya veza ko apekSA se svaliMga, anyaliMga aura gRhIliMga tInoM hI vikalpa se siddha hote haiN| __ tatvArthabhASya ke pazcAt ko tattvArtha ko digambara paramparA ko TIkAoM meM sarvaprathama sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai ki veda ko dRSTi se tonoM vedoM ke abhAva meM ho siddhi hotI hai| kintu dravya-liMga arthAt zArIrika saMracanA kI dRSTi se pUliMga ho siddha hote haiN| bAhyaveza kI apekSA se nigrantha liMga ho siddha hAte haiM kinta bhUtapUrva naya ko apekSA se to sagrantha liMga se bhI siddhi hoto hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sarvaprathama sarvArthasiddhi meM isa bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki mukti puruSa liMga se hI prApta ho sakatI hai| isake pazcAt rAjavAtikakAra akalaMka bhI sarvArthasiddhi ke ullekha kA hA samarthana karake raha jAte haiN| usase adhika ve bhI kucha nahIM kahate haiM / 2 ___ zvetAmbara paramparA meM Avazyakama ThabhASya (5voM zato) ora vizeSAvazyakabhASya (chaTo zato) aura AvazyakacaNi (sAtavoM zato ) meM hameM acelakatva aura sacelakatva ke prazna ko lekara AryazivabhUti aura Aryana kRSNa ke madhya hae vivAda ke pakSa aura pratipakSa ke vividha tarkoM kA ullekha to milatA hai kintu cUrNi ke kAla taka arthAt sAtavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka 1. tattvArthabhASya, 107 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi , 10 / 9 / 3. rAjavArtika, 1019 /

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396 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hameM eka bhI saMketa aisA nahIM milatA hai jisameM zve. AcAryoM ne strImukti kA tAkika samarthana kiyA ho, isase aisA lagatA hai ki sAtavIM zatAbdI taka unheM isa tathya kI jAnakArI bhI nahIM thI ki strImukti ke sandarbha meM koI pratipakSa bhI hai| stro kI pravrajyA ( mahAvratAropaNa ) aura strImukti kA niSedha sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda ne lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI meM kiyA aura usa sambandha meM apane kucha tarka bhI diye / unake pUrva pUjyapAda ne strImakti kA niSedha to kiyA thA, phira bhI unhoMne usa sandarbha meM koI narka prastuta nahIM kiye| AcArya kundakunda ne hI sarvaprathama suttapAhuDa meM yaha kahA hai ki jina-mArga meM sarvastra ko mukti nahIM ho sakatI cAhe vaha tIrthakara hI kyoM na ho ?' savastra ko mukti ke niSedha meM strImukti kA niSedha garbhita hai, kyoMki strI nirvastra nahIM ho sakatI hai / strI kA mahAvratAropaNa arthAt pravrajyA kyoM nahIM ho sakatI isake sandarbha meM unhoMne yaha kahA ki isake kukSi (garbhAzaya ), nAbhi aura stana meM sUkSma jIva hote haiN| isalie usako pravajyA kaise ho sakatI hai ? jJAtavya hai yahA~ kukSI zabda garbhAzaya ke hetu ho prayukta huA hai| punaH yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki usameM mana kI pavitratA nahIM hotI ve asthiramanA hotI haiM tathA unameM rajasrAva hotA rahatA hai, isalie unakA dhyAna cintA rahita nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sarvaprathama kundakunda ke suttapAhuDa meM ho strImukti kA tArkika khaNDana upalabdha hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM digambara paramparA meM strImukti kA tArkika niSedha chaThI zatAbdo se prArambha huaa| isake pUrva isa paramparA meM isa sambandha meM kyA mAnyatA tho, yaha jAnane kA hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM hai, kyoMki isake pUrva kA koI digambara sAhitya ho upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAtavIM zatAbdI taka stromukti ke tArkika 'niSedha kA kahIM koI khaNDana kiyA gayA ho, aisI sUcanA bhI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| saMbhavataH sAtavIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara AcArya isa mata se ki koI aisI paramparA hai, jo strI mukti kA niSedha karatI haiM, avagata hI nahIM the| strI mukti ke niSedhaka tarkoM kA sarvaprathama uttara zvetAmbaroM 1. suttapAhur3a, gAthA 23 / 2. vahI, gAthA 24 / 3. vahI, gAthA 25-26 /

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 39700 ne nahIM, apitu acelakatva kI samarthaka yApanIya paramparA ne hI diyA / cU~ki kundakunda dakSiNa meM hue the aura yApanIya bhI dakSiNa meM hI upasthita the; ataH pahalI coTa bhI unhIM para hI huI thI aura pahalA pratyuttara bhI unheM hI denA thA / sarvaprathama lagabhaga dhvIM zatI meM yApanoyoM ne isakA pratyuttara diyA / yApanIya sampradAya ke ina tarkoM kA anusaraNa paravartI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI kiyA / zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM sarvaprathama AThavIM zatI meM haribhadra ne lalitavistarA meM strI mukti kA samarthana kiyA kintu unhoMne bhI apanI ora se koI tarka nahIM dekara isa sambandha meM 'yApanoya-tantra' nAmaka vartamAna meM anupalabdha kisI yApanIya prAkRta grantha ko uddhRta mAtra kiyA hai | isase aisA lagatA hai ki kundakunda ne lagabhaga 6vIM zatAbdI meM strI mukti ke niSedha ke sandarbha meM jo tarka diye the, usakA khaNDana yApanIyoM ne lagabhaga 7vIM zatAbdI meM kiyA aura yApanIyoM ke tarkoM ko grahita karake hI AThavIM zatAbdI se zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI strI mukti niSedhaka tarkoM kA khaNDana kiyA jAne lagA / ' yApanoya tantra' ke pazcAt strI mukti ke samarthana meM sarvaprathama yApanIya AcArya zAkTAyana ne lagabhaga navIM zatI meM 'strI-nirvANa prakaraNa' nAmaka svatantra grantha kI racanA kI aura usa para svopajJavRtti bhI likho| isake bAda donoM hI paramparAoM meM strI mukti ke pakSa evaM vipakSa meM likhA jAne lagA / strI mukti ke pakSa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM haribhadra (AThavIM zatI) ke pazcAt abhayadeva ( I0 san 1000), zAntisUri ( I0 1120 ), malayagirI ( I0 1150 ), hemacandra ( I0 1160 ), vAdideva ( I0 1170 ), ratnaprabha ( I0 1250 ), guNaratna ( I0 1400 ), yazovijaya ( I0 1660 ) aura meghavijaya ( I0 1700) ne apanI kalama calAI / dUsarI ora strI mukti ke vipakSa meM digambara paramparA meM vIrasena ( lagabhaga I0 800), devasena ( I0980), nemicanda ( I0 1050), prabhAcanda ( I0 980 - 1065 ), jayasena ( I0 1150 ), bhAvasena ( I0 1275 ) Adi ne apanI lekhanI calAI / ' yahA~ hamAre lie una saba ko vistRta carcA karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / isa sandarbha meM hama yApanIya AcAryoM ke kucha - pramukha tarkoM kA ullekha karake isa viSaya ko virAma deNge| jo pAThaka isa sambandha meM vizeSa jAnane ko icchuka ho, unheM prA0 padmanAbha jainI ke grantha Gender & Salvation ko dekhanA cAhie / 1. jaitI padmanAbha - jenDara eNDa sAlvezana, peja 4 /

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-398 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai - zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya meM strI mukti ke ullekha to milate haiM kintu unameM kahIM bhI usakA tArkika samarthana nahIM huA hai / digambara paramparA meM strI mukti kA tArkika khaNDana sarvaprathama kundakunda ke granthoM meM milatA hai / kundakunda ne - isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to yahI tarka diyA thA ki jina zAsana meM vastra- dhArI siddha nahIM ho sakatA, cAhe vaha tIrthaMkara ho kyoM na ho| isase aisA lagatA hai ki strI mukti ke niSedha kI AvazyakatA tabhI huI jaba acelatA ko ho eka mAtra mokSamArga mAna liyA gayA / hameM yaha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM hai ki acelatA ke ekAnta Agraha ne ho isa avadhAraNA ko janma diyA / kyoMki zArIrika evaM sAmAjika maryAdA ke kAraNa strI nagna nahIM raha sakatI hai aura nagna hue binA mukti nahIM hoto, isalie strI mukta nahIM ho sktii| isI Agraha ke kAraNa gRhastha ligasiddha evaM anya liMgasiddha arthAt granthamukti kI Agamika avadhAraNA kA niSedha bhI Avazyaka ho gayA / Age calakara jaba strI ko pravrajyA ke ayogya batAne ke lie tarka Avazyaka hue, to yaha kahA gayA ki yadyapi strI darzana se zuddha ho tathA - mokSamArga se yukta hokara ghora cAritra kA pAlana kara rahI ho, to bhI use - pravrajyA nahIM dI jA sktii| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jaba pravrajyA ko acelatA se jor3a diyA gayA, taba yaha kahanA Avazyaka ho gayA ki stro * paMcamahAvrata rUpa dokSA kI adhikArI nahIM hai / yaha bhI pratipAdana kiyA ki jo savastraliMga hai vaha zrAvakoM kA hai / ataH kSullaka evaM ailaka ke sAtha-sAtha AryikA kI gaNanA bhI kramazaH zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke varga meM kI gaI / jJAtavya hai ki acela paramparA meM bhI kundakunda ke pUrva striyA~ dIkSita hotI thI aura unako mahAvrata bho pradAna kiye jAte the / digambara paramparA meM kundakunda hI aise prathama AcArya haiM jinhoMne spaSTa rUpa se strI ko pravrajyA kA niSedha kiyA thA aura yaha tarka diyA ki striyA~ svabhAva se ho zithila 1. Navi sijjhai vatyadharo jiNasAsaNe jaivi hoi titthayaro / sesA ummaggayA savve // 23 // Naggo vimokkhamaggo - aSTaprAbhRta, suttapAhuDa, gAthA 23 prakAzaka-parama zruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa / 2. jaha daMsaNeNa suddhA uttA maggeNa sAvi saMjuttA / ghoraM cariya caritaM itthIsu Na pAtrayA bhaNiyA // - vahIM, gAthA 25

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 399 pariNAma vAlo hoto haiM / isalie unako citta ko vizuddhi saMbhava nahIM hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA ki striyAM mAsika dharma se hotI hai, ataH "striyoM meM niHzaMka dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki zArIrika tathA sAmAjika kAraNoM se pUrNa nagnatA strI ke liye saMbhava nahIM hai aura jaba savastra ko pravajyA evaM mukti kA niSedha kara diyA gayA to strI mukti kA niSedha to usakA anivArya pariNAma thA hii| punaH AcArya kundakunda ne aparigraha ke sAtha-sAtha stro ke dvArA ahiMsA kA pUrNataH pAlana bhI asambhava mAnA, unakA tarka hai ki striyoM ke stanoM ke antara meM, nAbhi evaM kukSi (garbhAzaya ) meM sUkSmakAya jIva hote haiM, isalie usakI pravrajyA kaise ho sakatI hai ? yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki kundakunda ne jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM, ve vastutaH to strI kI pravrajyA ke niSedha ke lie ho haiN| strI mukti kA niSedha to usakA anivArya phalita avazya hai| kyoMki jaba acelatAhI eka mAtra mojha-mArga ho aura strI ke lie acelatA sambhava nahIM ho to phira usake lie na to pravrajyA saMbhava hogI aura nahIM mukti ho| hama dekhate haiM ki kundakunda ke ina tarkoM kA sarvaprathama uttara saMbhavataH yApanoya paramparA ke 'yApanoyatantra' (yApanoya-Agama) nAmaka grantha meM diyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM yaha grantha anupalabdha hai kintu isakA vaha aMza jisameM strI mukti kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai, haribhadra ke lalitavistarA meM uddhata hone se surakSita hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki strI ajIva nahIM hai, na vaha abhavya hai, na samyakdarzana ke ayogya hai, na amanuSya hai, na anArya kSetra meM utpanna hai, na asaMkhyAta AyuSya vAlI hai, na vaha atikrUramati hai, na aupazAnta moha hai, na azuddhAcAro hai, na azuddhazarIra hai, na vaha vajita vyavasAya vAlI hai, na apUrvakaraNa ko virodhI hai, na naveM guNasthAna se rahita hai, na labdhi se rahita hai, na akalyANa bhAjana hai, to phira vaha uttama dharma arthAt mokSa ko ArAdhaka kyoM nahIM ho sakatI ?' 1. citAsohi Na tesi DhillaM bhAvaM tahA sahAveNa / vijjadi mAsA tesi ityosu Na'saMkayA jhANaM / -suttapAhuDa, gAthA 26 2. liMgammi ya itthINaM thaNaMtare NAhikakkhadesesu / bhaNio suhamo kAo tAsi kaha hoi pavvajjA // -vahI, gAthA 24 3. lalitavistarA, 50 57-59 /

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400 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya AcArya haribhadra ne ukta yApanIya sandarbha kI vistRta vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| ve likhate haiM jova hI sarvottama dharma mokSa ko sAdhanA kara sakatA hai aura strI jova hai, isalie vaha sarvottama dharma ko ArAdhaka kyoM nahIM ho sakato ? yadi kahA jAya ki sabhI jova to mukti ke adhikArI nahIM hai jaise abhavya, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ to abhavya bhI nahIM hotI hai| punaH yaha tarka bhI diyA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI bhavya bhI to mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM haiM-jaise mithyAdRSTi-bhavyajIva, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ to samyagdarzana ke ayogya bhI nahIM kahI jA sakatI haiN| yadi isa para yaha kahA jAya ki strI ke samyagdaSTi hone se kyA hotA hai, pazu bhI samyagdRSTi ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha to mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM hotA hai ? isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki strI pazu nahIM, manuSya hai, yahA~ punaH yaha Apatti uThAyo jA sakatI hai ki sabhI manuSya bhI tA siddha nahIM hote, jaise anArya kSetra meM yA bhogabhUmi meM utpanna manuSya, to isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki striyA~ Arya deza meM bhI to utpanna hotI hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki Arya deza meM utpanna hokara bho asaMkhyAtavarSa kI AyuSya vAle arthAt yaugalika mukti ke yogya nahIM hote haiM, to isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki sabho striyA~ asaMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAlI bhI nahIM hotI haiM / punaH yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki saMkhyAtavarSa kI AyuvAla hokara bhI jo ati ramati ho, ve bhI mukti ke pAtra nahIM hote haiM, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ atikraramati bho nahIM hotii| kyoMki striyoM meM to saptama naraka kI AyuSya bA~dhane yogya tIvra raudra dhyAna kA abhAva hotA hai / yaha to usameM atikrUratA ke abhAva kA tathA usake karuNAmaya svabhAva kA pramAga hai aura isalie usameM mukti ke yogya prakRSTa zubhabhAva kA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki svabhAva se karuNAmaya hokara bhI jo moha ko upazAnta karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai vaha bhI makti kA adhikArI nahIM hotA hai, kintu aisA bhI nahIM hai, kucha striyA~ moha ko upazAnta karatI huI dekhI jAtI haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki moha kA upamazana karane para bhI yadi koI vyakti azuddhAcArI hai, to vaha mokSa prApta nahIM kara sktaa| isake nirAkaraNa ke lie kahA gayA hai ki sabhI striyA~ azuddhAcArI (durAcArI) nahIM hotI haiN| isa para yadi koI yaha tarka kare ki zuddha AcAra vAlI hokara bhI striyAM zuddha zarIra vAlo nahIM hotI isalie ve mokSa kI adhikArI nahIM hai to isake pratyuttara meM yaha kahA gayA ki sabhI striyA~ to azuddha

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yApanIya saMgha ko viziSTa mAnyatAeM : 401 bAlI nahIM hotI haiN| pUrvakarmoM ke kAraNa kucha striyoM aura vRddhAoM kI kukSI,stanapradeza Adi azuci se rahita bhI hote haiN| yaha tarka kundakunda kI avadhAraNA kA spaSTa pratyuttara hai| punaH zuddha zarIra vAlo hokara bhI yadi strI paraloka hitakArI pravRtti se rahita ho to mokSa kI adhikArI nahIM hosakatI, parantu aisA bhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| kucha striyA~ paraloka sadhArane ke lie prayatnazIla bhI dekhI jAtI haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki paraloka hitArtha pravRtti karane vAlo strI bho yadi apUrvakaraNa Adi se rahita ho, to mukti ke yogya nahIM hai| kintu zAstra meM strI bhAva ke sAtha apUrvakaraNa kA bhI koI virodha nahIM dikhalAyA gayA hai, isake viparIta zAstra to strI meM bhI apUrvakaraNa kA sadbhAva pratipAdita karatA hai / punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki apUrvakaraNa se yukta hokara bhI yadi koI navama guNasthAna ko prApta karane meM ayogya ho to vaha mukti kI adhikArI nahIM ho sktii| kintu Agama meM to strI meM navama guNasthAna kA bhI sadbhAva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki navamaguNasthAna ko prApta karane meM samartha hone para bho, yadi stro meM labdhi prApta karane kI yogyatA nahIM ho to, vaha kevalya Adi ko prApta nahIM kara pAtI hai| isake pratyuttara meM kahA gayA hai ki vartamAna meM bhI striyoM meM AmarSalabdhi arthAt zarIra ke maloM kA auSadhi rUpa parivartita ho jAnA Adi spaSTa rUpa se dekhI jAtI hai| ataH vaha labdhi se rahita nahIM hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki stro labdhi yogya hone para kalyANa-bhAjana na ho to vaha mokSa ko prApta nahIM kara skegii| isake pratyuttara meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki striyA~ kalyANabhAjana hotI haiM, kyoMki ve tIrthakaroM ko janma detI haiN| ataH strI uttama dharma arthAt mokSa kI adhikArI ho sakatI hai| haribhadra ne isake atirikta siddhoM ke pandraha bhedoM kI carcA karate hue 'siddhaprAbhRta' kA bhI eka sandarbha prastuta kiyA hai| siddhaprAbhRta meM kahA gayA hai ki sabase kama strI-toyaMkara ( tIrthaMkaro ) siddha hote haiN| unako apekSA strI-tIrthakara ke tIrtha meM notIthaMkara siddha asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika hote haiN| unako apekSA strI-toyaMkara ke tIrtha meM notothaMkarosiddha ( strI zarIra se siddha ) asaMkhyAta guNA adhika hotI haiM / siddhaprAmRta (siddhapAhuDa) eka paryApta prAcIna grantha hai, jisameM siddhoM ke vibhinna anuyogadvAroM kI 1. savvatthoA titthayarisiddhA, titthayarititthe NotitthayarasiddhA asaMkhejjaguNa titthayarititthe NotitthayarisiddhA asNkhejjgunno| pR0 56, lalitavistarA 26

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402 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya carcA huI hai| jJAtavya hai ki haribhadra ke samakAlona siddhasenagaNi ne apanI tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti meM bhI siddhaprAbhUta kA eka sandarbha diyA hai| yaha grantha nandosUtra ke pazcAt evaM chaThoM-sAtavIM zato ke pUrva nirmita huA hogaa| isa prakAra yApanIya paramparA dvArA hI sarvaprathama strI-mukti kA tAkika samarthana karane kA prayAsa huA hai| yaha hama pUrva meM hI kaha cuke haiM ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne strI-mukti ke samarthana meM jo tarka diye gaye haiM, ve yApanIyoM kA hI anusaraNa hai / lalitavistarA meM apanI ora se eka bhI nayA tarka nahIM diyA gayA hai, mAtra yApanIyoM ke tarkoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zvetAmbaroM ko strI-mukti niSedhaka paraMparA kA jJAna yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI huA thaa| kyoMki kundakunda kI strI-mukti niSedhaka paramparA sudUra dakSiNa meM hI prasthApita huI thI, ata: usakA uttara bhI dakSiNa se apane paira jamA rahI yApanIya paramparA ko ho denA pdd'aa| yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ne to strI-nirvANa prakaraNa nAmaka svataMtra prantha kI hI racanA kI hai| ve grantha ke prArambha meM hI kahate haiM ki mukti pradAtA vimala arhat ke dharma ko praNAma karake maiM saMkSepa meM strI-nirvANa aura kevalI-bhukti ko kahU~gA / isI grantha meM Age zAkaTAyana kahate haiM ki "ratnatraya kI sampadA se yukta hone ke kAraNa puruSa ke samAna ho stro kA bhI nirvANa saMbhava hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strotva ratnatraya kI upalabdhi meM vaise hI bAdhaka hai, jaise devatva Adi, to yaha tumhArA apanA kathana ho sakatA hai / Agama meM aura anya granthoM meM isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai / eka sAdhvI jina vacanoM ko samajhatI hai, una para zraddhA rakhatI hai aura unakA nirdoSarUpa se pAlana karatI hai, isalie ratnatraya ko sAdhanA kA strItva se koI bhI virodha nahIM hai| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ratnatraya ko sAdhanA stro ke lie azakya hai, kyoMki jo adRSTa hai usake sAtha 1. atthi titthakarasiddha titthakaratitthe, notitthasiddhA titthakaratitthe, titthasiddhA titthakaratitthe, titthasiddhAo titthakarI siddhA titthakarI titthe NotitthasiddhA titthakarotitthe titthasiddhA titthakarotitthe / -tattvArthadhigamasUtra, svopajJabhASyeNa zrI siddhasenagaNikRta TokA ca samalaMkRtam dvitIyo vibhAge, 10/7, pR0 308 2. zAkTAyana vyAkaraNam, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana ke prArambha meM pariziSTa ke rUpa meN|

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 403 asaMgati batAne kA koI artha nahIM hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strI meM sAtaveM naraka meM jAne kI yogyatA kA abhAva hai, isalie vaha nirvANa prApti ke yogya nahIM hai, kintu aisA avinAbhAva yA vyApti sambandha siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki caramazarIrI jIva bhI tadbhava meM - sAtaveM naraka meM nahIM jA sakate haiM, kintu tadbhava mokSa jAte haiM / punaH aisA koI niyama nahIM hai jo jitanA nimna gati meM jA sakatA hai, utanA hI ucca gati meM jA sakatA hai / kucha prANI aise haiM jo nimna gati meM bahuta nimna sthiti taka nahIM jAte haiM, kintu ucca gati meM samAnarUpa se jAte haiM, jaise sammUrchina jIva prathama naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, parisarpa Adi dvitIya naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, pakSI tRtIya naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, catuSpada cautho naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, sarpa pA~cavI naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate / isa prakAra nimna gati meM jAne meM ina saba meM bhinnatA hai, kintu uccagati meM ye sabhI sahasrAra svargaM taka binA kisI bhedabhAva ke jA sakate haiM / isalie yaha kahanA ki jo jitanI nimna gati taka jAne meM sakSama hotA hai, vaha utanI ho ucca gati taka jAne meM sakSama hotA hai, tarkasaMgata nahIM hai / adhogati meM jAne kI ayogyatA se ucca gati meM jAne kI ayogyatA siddha nahIM hotI / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strI vAda Adi kI labdhi se rahita, dRSTivAda ke adhyayana se vaMcita, jinakalpa ko dhAraNa karane meM aura manaHparyAya jJAna ko prApta kara pAne meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa strI mukta nahIM ho sakatI; to phira yaha mAnanA hogA ki jisa prakAra Agama meM jambU svAmI ke pazcAt jina bAtoM ke viccheda kA ullekha kiyA hai, usI prakAra strI ke lie mokSa ke viccheda kA bhI ullekha honA cAhie thA / yadi yaha mAnA jAve ki strI dIkSA kI adhikArI nahIM hone ke kAraNa mokSa kI adhikArI bhI nahIM hai, to phira AgamoM meM dIkSA ke ayogya vyaktiyoM kI sUcI meM jisa prakAra zizu ko dUdha pilAne vAlo strI tathA garbhiNI stro Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA, usI prakAra sAmAnya strI kA bhI ullekha kiyA jAnA cAhie thA / punaH yadi yaha kahA jAye ki vastra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa strI mokSa prApti kI adhikArI nahIM hai, dUsare zabdoM meM vastrarUpI parigraha ho usako mukti meM bAdhaka hai to phira pratilekhana kA grahaNa Adi bhI mukti meM bAdhaka kyoM nahIM hoMge ? yadi pratilekhana kA grahaNa usake saMyamopakaraNa hone ke

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404 : jainadharma kA mApanIya sampradAya kAraNa parigraha ke antargata nahIM mAnA jAtA to phira strI ke lie to vastra bhI jinopadiSTa saMyamopakaraNa hai, ataH use parigraha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? yadyapi vastraparigraha hai, phira bhI bhagavAna ne sAdhviyoM ke liye saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM usako grahaNa karane kI anumati dI hai, kyoMki vastra ke abhAva meM unake lie sampUrNa caritra kA hI niSedha ho jaaegaa| jabaki vastra dhAraNa karane meM alpa doSa hote hue bhI saMyama pAlana hetu usako anumati dI gaI hai, jo saMyama ke pAlana meM upakArI hotA hai, vaha dharmopakaraNa yA saMyamopakaraNa kahA jAtA hai, parigraha nhiiN| ataH nirgranthI kA vastra saMyamopakaraNa hai, parigraha nhiiN| AgamoM meM sAdhvI ke liye nirgranthI zabda kA prayoga sarvatra huA hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAye ki vastra grahaNa parigraha hI hai to phira Agama meM usake lie isa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAnA thA kyoMki nirgrantha kA artha hai, parigraha se rahita / yadi saMyamopakaraNa hI parigraha ho to phira koI muni bhI nirgrantha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi eka vyakti vastra aura AbhUSaNoM se susajjita bhI hai kintu usake mana meM unake prati koI mamatva nahIM ho, to vaha aparigrahI kahA jaayegaa| isake viparIta eka vyakti jo nagna rahatA hai kintu usameM mamatva aura mUrchA kA bhAva hai to vaha acela hokara bhI parigrahI kI kahA jaayegaa| sAdhvI isalie vastra dhAraNa nahIM karato haiM ki usameM vastra ke prati koI mamatva hai apitu vaha vastra ko jina AjJA mAnakara hI dhAraNa karatI hai| punaH vastra usake lie uso prakAra parigraha nahIM hai, jisa prakAra yadi kisI dhyAnAstha nagna mani ke zarIra para upasarga ke nimitta se DAlA gayA vastra usa muni ke lie parigraha nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta eka nagna vyakti bhI yadi apane zarIra ke prati bhI mamatva bhAva rakhatA hai to vaha parigrahI hI kahA jAyegA aura aisA vyakti nagna hokara bhI mokSa prApti ke ayogya hI hotA hai / jabaki vaha vyakti, jisameM mamatva bhAva kA pUrNataH abhAva hai, zarIra dhAraNa karate hae bhI aparigrahI hI kahA jAyegA / ataH jinAjJA ke kAraNa saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vastra dhAraNa karate hue bhI niyamavAna strI aparigrahI ho hai aura mokSa kI adhikArI bhii| jisa prakAra jantuoM se vyApta isa loka meM muni ke dvArA dravya hiMsA hotI rahane para bhI kaSAya ke abhAva meM vaha ahiMsaka hI mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vastra ke sadbhAva meM bhI nirmamatva ke kAraNa sAdhvI aparigrahI

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yApanIya saMgha ko viziSTa mAnyatAeM : 405 mAnI jAtI hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki yadi hama hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA bAhya ghaTanAoM arthAt dravya-hiMsA (jIvaghAta) ke AdhAra para na karake vyakti ke manobhAvoM arthAt kaSAyoM kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para karate haiM, to phira parigraha ke lie bhI yahI kasauTI mAnanI hogii| yadi hiMsA ko ghaTanA ghaTita hone para bhI kaSAya evaM pramAda kA abhAva hone se muni ahiMsaka ho rahatA hai, to phira vastra ke hote hue bho macchI ke abhAva meM sAdhvI aparigrahI kyoM nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai ? ___ stro kA cAritra vastra ke binA nahIM hotA aisA ahaMta ne kahA hai, to phira sthavirakalpI Adi ke samAna usakI mukti kyoM nahIM hogI? jJAtavya hai ki sthavirakalpo muni bhI jinAjJA ke anurUpa vastra-pAtra Adi grahaNa karate haiM / punaH arSa, bhagandara Adi rogoM meM jinakalpI acela muni ko bhA vastra grahaNa karanA hotA hai phira to unakI bhI mukti sambhava nahIM hogii| puna: acelakatva utsarga mArga hai, yaha bAta jaba taka siddha nahIM hogo taba taka sacela mArga ko apavAda mArga nahIM mAnA jaavegaa| utsarga bho apavAda sApekSa hai| apavAda ke abhAva meM utsarga-utsarga nahIM raha jaataa| yadi acelatA utsarga mArga hai, to sacelatA bhI apavAda mArga hai, donoM ho mArga haiM amArga koI bhI nhiiN| ataH donoM se hI mukti mAnanA hogii| punaH jisa taraha AgamoM meM ATha varSa ke bAlaka Adi kI dokSA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra AgamoM meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti tosa varSa kI Aya ko pArakara cakA ho aura jisako dIkSA ko unnIsa varSa vyatIta ho gae ho, vahI jinakalpa ko dokSA kA adhikArI hai| yadi mukti ke lie jinakalpa arthAt nagnatA Avazyaka hotI, to yaha bhI kahA jAnA cAhie thA ki tIsa varSa se kama umra kA vyakti mukti ke ayogya hai| kintu sabhI paramparAya ekamata se yaha mAnato ho haiM, ki mukti ke lie tIsa varSa kI Ayu honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| sAmAnyataH isakA artha huA ki jinakalpa arthAt nagnatA ke binA bhI mukti sambhava hai, ataH strI mukti sambhava hai| AgamoM meM saMvara aura nirjarA ke hetu rUpa bahuta prakAra kI tapa vidhiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra yoga aura cikitsA kI aneka vidhiyAM hotI haiM aura kisI vyakti ko usakI apanI prakRti ke anusAra unameM se koI eka ho vidhi upakArI siddha hotI hai| sabake lie

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406 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya eka hI vidhi upakArI siddha nahIM hotI hai, isI prakAra AcAra meM bhI koI jinakalpa sAdhanA ke yogya hotA hai to koI sthavirakalpa kI sAdhanA ke / isalie vastra kA tyAga nahIM hone se strI ke lie mokSa kA abhAva nahIM hai / kyoMki mokSa ke lie to ratnatraya ke atirikta anya koI bhI bAta Avazyaka nahIM haiN| punaH strI ko nagnadIkSA (pravrajyA ) kA niSedha kara dene kA artha bhI usakI mukti kI yogyatA kA niSedha nahIM hai| kyoMki jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke lie una vyaktiyoM kI pravrajyA kA niSedha bhI kiyA jAtA hai jo ratnatraya ke pAlana meM sakSama hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki kisI ke aceladIkSA ke niSedha se usakI mukti kA niSedha siddha nahIM hotA hai / __ yadi yaha kahA jAe ki striyA~ isalie bho siddha nahIM ho sakatI haiM. ki ve muniyoM ke dvArA vandanIya nahIM hotI hai / Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki sau varSa kI dIkSitA sAdhvI bhI eka dina ke nava-dIkSita muni ko vandana kre| isake pratyuttara ko zAkaTAyana kahate haiM ki muni ke dvArA vandanIya nahIM hone se unheM mokSa ke ayogya mAnoge to phira yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA ki arhat ( tIrthaMkara ) ke dvArA vandanIya nahIM hone se koI bhI vyakti mokSa kA adhikAro nahIM hogA, kyoMki arhat kisI ko bhI vandana nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra sthavirakalpI mani jinakalpI mani ke dvArA vandanIya nahIM hai, ataH yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki sthavirakalpI muni bhI mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM hai| isI prakAra jina gaNadhara ko vandana nahIM karate haiM ataH gaNadhara bhI mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM hai / vandana eka laukika vyavahAra hai| vaha mukti kA kAraNa nahIM hai| mukti kA kAraNa to vrata pAlana hai aura vrata pAlana meM strI puruSa samAna hI mAne gae haiM / sabhI sAMsArika viSayoM meM to striyA~ puruSoM se nimna ho mAno jAtI haiM / ataH mokSa ke sambandha meM bhI unheM nimna hI kyoM nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhie? tIrthakara pada bhI to kevala puruSa ko hI prApta hotA hai / isalie puruSa hI mukti kA adhikArI hai| isake pratyuttara meM yApanIyoM kA tarka yaha hai ki tIrthaMkara to kevala kSatriya hote haiM, brAhmaNa, zadra, vaizya to tothaMkara nahIM hote, to phira kyA yaha mAnA jAye ki brAhmaNa, vaizya evaM zUdra mukti ke adhikArI nahIM hote ? punaHsiddha na to strI hai, na puruSa / ataH siddha kA liMga se koI sambandha hI nahIM hai| yadi yaha tarka diyA jAe ki striyAM kapaTavRtti vAlI yA mAyAvI

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 407 hoto hai to isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki vyavahAra meM to puruSa bhI mAyAvI dekhe jAte haiN| punaH yadi yaha kahA jAye ki puruSa ke samAna striyoM ke koI bhI siddha kSetra ullikhita nahIM hai to yaha bAta to aneka puruSoM ke sambandha meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai / sabhI puruSoM ke siddha kSetra to prasiddha nahIM hai ! ___ yadi yaha tarka prastuta kiyA jAye ki striyoM meM puruSArtha kI kamI hotI hai isalie ve mukti kI adhikArI nahIM hai| kintu hama dekhate haiM ki AgamoM meM brAhmI, sundarI, rAjamati, candanA Adi aneka striyoM ke ullekha haiM, jo puruSArtha aura sAdhanA meM puruSoM se kama nahIM thii| ataH yaha tarka bho yukti saMgata nahIM hai| __ punaH eka tarka yaha bhI diyA jA sakatA hai ki jo vyakti bahuta pApo aura mithyA dRSTikoNa se yukta hotA hai vahI strI ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| samyak-dRSTi prANI strI ke rUpa meM janma hI nahIM letaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki strI-zarIra kA grahaNa pApa ke pariNAma svarUpa hotA hai isalie strI-zarIra mukti ke yogya nahIM hai| sAtha hI digambara paramparA yaha bhI kahatI hai ki eka samyak dRSTi vyakti strI, pazu-strI, prathama naraka ke bAda ke naraka, bhUta-pizAca Adi aura devI ke rUpa meM janma nahIM letaa| pApI AtmA hI ina zarIroM kA dhAraNa karatA hai| ataH strI zarIra mukti ke yogya nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM yApanIyoM kA kathana hai ki digambara paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA pramANa rahita hai| dUsare jaba samyaka-darzana kA udaya hotA hai, taba sabhI karma mAtra eka koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI sthiti ke raha jAte haiM, 69 koTAkoTi sAgaropama sthiti ke karma to mithyAdRSTi vyakti bhI samApta kara sakatA hai| ataH samyaka-darzana kA udaya hone para striyA~ avaziSTa mAtra eka koTAkoTi sAgaropama ke karmoM ko kyoM kSaya nahIM kara sakatI haiM ? strI meM karma kSaya karane kI zakti kA abhAva mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM haiN| punaH AgamoM meM strI-mukti ke ullekha bhI haiN| mathurAgama meM kahA gayA hai ki eka samaya meM adhikatama 108 puruSa, 20 striyA~ aura 10 napuMsaka siddha ho sakate haiN|' jJAtavya hai ki yaha ullekha uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA hai, 1. dasa ceva napusesu vIsaM itthiyAsu ya / purisesu ya aTThasayaM samaeNegeNa sijjhai // -uttarAdhyayana, 36051, pR0 387, sAdhvI caMdanA, vIrAyatana prakAzana

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408 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya jisakI mAthurIvAcanA yApaniyoM ko bhI mAnya thii| isake atirikta Agama meM strI ke 14 gaNasthAna kahe gaye haiN| saMbhavataH zAkaTAyana kA yaha nirdeza SaTpaNDAgama ke prasaMga meM haiN| jJAtavya hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama digambaroM ko bhI mAnya hai| isa vacana ke prati digambara paramparA kA yaha kahanA hai ki yahA~ strI se tAtparya bhAva-strI (strIvedI jova ) arthAt usa puruSa se hai jisakA svabhAva straiNa ho| isa sambandha meM zAkaTAyana kA pratyuttara yaha hai ki kisI zabda kA dUsarA gauNa artha hote hue bhI, jaba taka usa sandarbha meM usakA prathama mukhya artha upayukta ho taba taka dUsarA gauNa artha nahIM liyA jA sktaa| pratyeka zabda kA apanA eka nizcita rUr3ha artha homa hai aura binA paryApta kAraNa ke usa nizcita rUr3ha artha kA tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| pUnaH jaba taka vyutpattilabhya artha yA rUr3ha artha grAhya hai, taba taka dUsarA artha lene kI AvazyatA nahIM hai| stro zabda stro zarIradhArI arthAt stana, garbhAzaya Adi se yukta prANI ke lie hI prayukta hotA hai| yahA~ (SaTkhaNDAgama ke prastuta prasaMga meM ) strI zabda kA anya koI artha usI prakAra nirarthaka hai, jaise koI agniputra nAmaka vyakti kA artha agni se utpanna putra kreN| punaH jaba AgamoM meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki strI chaTe naraka se Age nahIM jAto, to vahA~ strI zabda ko usake mukhya artha meM leM aura Age jaba Agama meM yaha kahA jAye ki strI meM 14 guNasthAna hote haiM, to vahA~ strI zabda ko usake gauNa artha arthAt bhAva-stro ke rUpa meM le to yaha ucita nahIM hai| zAkaTAyana yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se vIrasena kI SaTkhaNDAgama ke satprarUpaNA khaNDa ke 93veM sUtra kI vyAkhyA para kaTAkSa karate hue pratIta hote haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama meM satprarUpaNA kI gatimArgaNA meM yaha kahA hai ki paryApta manuSyanI meM saMyatAsaMyata, saMyata Adi guNasthAna hote haiN| vIrasena kI yaha manuSyanI zabda ko bhAvastrI yA strIvedo puruSa aisI jo vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha zAkaTAyana ko svIkArya nahIM hai| zAkaTAyana kA spaSTa mata hai ki Agama (SaTkhaNDAgama ) meM jo manuSyanI zabda prayukta huA hai vahA~ usakA mukhya artha hI grAhya hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ manuSyanI kA artha-strIvedo pUruSa (striNa-puruSa ) yaha isalie bhI grAhya nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha carcA gati-mArgaNA ke sandarbha meM haiM, vedamArgaNA ke sambandha meM nahIM hai| veda-mArgaNA kI carcA to Age ko ho gaI hai| ataH prastuta sandarbha meM 'manuSyano' kA artha strIvedI manuSya bhAvastrI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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yApanIya saMgha ko viziSTa mAnyatAeM : 409 punaH mAvastro arthAt strIveda kI upasthiti meM to mukti saMbhava nahIM hotI hai, veda ( kAmavAsanA ) to nave guNasthAna meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai| mukti zarIra kI upasthiti meM sambhava hai, kyoMki zarIra to caudahaveM guNasthAna arthAt mukti ke kSaNa taka rahatA hai / punaH puruSa zarIra meM strIveda arthAt puruSa dvArA bhoge jAne sambandho kAmavAsanA athavA strI zarIra meM puruSa veda arthAta strI ko bhogane sambandhI kAmavAsanA kA udaya mAnanA bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se yukti saMgata nahIM / yadi yaha mAnA jAyegA ki puruSa ko AMgika saMracanA meM stro rUpa se bhogA jAnA aura strI ko zArIrika saMracanA meM puruSa rUpa se stro ko bhoga karanA sambhava hai to phira samaliMgI vivAha vyavasthA ko bho mAnanA hogaa| sAtha ho yadi puruSa meM strI veda kA udaya arthAta dUsare puruSa ke dvArA strI rUpa meM bhoge jAne sambandhI kAmavAsanA kA udaya saMbhava mAneMge, to phira muniyoM kA paraspara sAtha meM rahanA bhI sambhava nahIM hogA kyoMki kisI zramaNa meM kaba stro veda kA udaya ho jAya yaha kahanA kaThina hogA aura strI vedo zramaNa ke sAtha puruSa vedI zramaNa kA rahanA zramaNa ke AcAra niyamoM ke viruddha hogaa| kisI bhI vyakti meM bhinna "liMgo kAmavAsanA ko mAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai| vyavahAra meM to bAhya zarIra racanA ke AdhAra para hI nirNaya liye jAte haiM ataH manuSyanI zabda kA artha stana, yoni Adi se yukta manuSyanI ( mAnava strI) hI hai na ki stro sambandho kAmavAsanA se yukta puruSa / punaH isa kathana kA koI pramANa bhI nahIM hai ki puruSa zarIra-racanA meM straina kAmavAsanA kA udaya hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki stro zarIra meM bho pUruSa sambandhI kAmavAsanA arthAt strI ko .. bhogane kA icchA utpanna hotI hogii| aisI stro bhAva-puruSa hogI, jaba dravya puruSa bhAva-stro ho sakatA hai to davya-strI bhI bhAva-puruSa ho sakego aura puruSa mukti mAnane para dravya stro rUpI bhAva-puruSa ko mukti mAnano hogo arthAt stro-mukti bhI siddha ho jaaygii| vastutaH yaha tarka samocona nahIM hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina paraMparA meM veda aura liMga do alaga-alaga zabda rahe haiM / liMga kA tAtparya zArIrika saMracanA athavA bAhya cihnoMse hotA hai jabaki veda kA tAtparya kAmavAsanA sambandhI manAbhAvoM se hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA jaiso zarIra racanA hoto hai, tadrUpa ho veda arthAt kAmavAsanA kA udaya hotA hai| yadi kisI vyakti meM apano zarIra racanA se bhinna prakAra

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410 : jaivadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kI kAmavAsanA pAI jAto to yaha mAnanA hogA ki usa vyakti meM puruSa aura strI arthAt donoM prakAra kI kAmavAsanA hai| parantu Agama kI dRSTi se aisA vyakti napuMsaka liMgI kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM napuMsaka zabda kA tAtparya puruSatva se hona arthAt strI kA bhoga karane meM asamartha vyaktiaisA nahIM hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra napuMsaka vaha hai, jisameM ubhaya liMga kI kAmavAsanAe~ upasthita hoN| punaH zAkaTAyana kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki yadi kisI puruSa kA kAma-vyavahAra dUsare puruSa ke sAtha strIvat ho athavA kiso strI kA kAma-vyavahAra dUsaro strI ke sAtha puruSavat ho to yaha usakI apanI vikRta kAmavAsanA kA hI rUpa hai| kabhI-kabho to. manuSya pazuoM se bhI apanI kAmavAsanA ko pUrti karate hue dekhe jAte haiM / kyA aiso sthiti meM yaha mAnaMge ki usameM pazu sambandhI kAmavAsanA hai ? vastutaH yaha usakI apanI kAmavAsanA kA hI eka vikRta rUpa hai| punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki Agama meM vigata veda yA bhava kI apekSA se strI meM 14 guNasthAna mAne gaye haiM to phira to vigata bhava kI apekSA se deva meM bhI 14 guNasthAna saMbhava hoNge| kiMtu Agama meM unameM to 14 guNa-- sthAna nahIM kahe gaye haiM / vastutaH Agama meM jo manuSyano meM 14 guNasthAnoM kI saMbhAvanA svIkAra kI gaI hai, vaha strI-veda ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu strIliMga (strI rUpI zarIra racanA ) ke AdhAra para ho hai| Agama meM gatimArgaNA ke sandarbha meM paryApta manuSyanI meM guNasthAnoM kI carcA huI hai aura gati kI carcA vartamAna bhava ko apekSA se hI kI jAtI hai| ataH manuSyanI kA artha bhAva-strI arthAt straiNa vAsanA se yukta puruSa karanA upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki bhAva yA veda ko carcA to bhinna anuyoga dvAra meM kI gaI hai| ataH Agama arthAt SaTkhaNDAgama meM manuSyanI kA artha bhAva-stro na hokara dravya-strI ho hai aura yadi AgamAnusAra manuSyanI meM 14 guNasthAna sambhava hai to phira usakI mukti bhI sambhava hai| isa. prakAra yApanIya paramparA Agamika AdhAroM para strI mukti ko samarthaka rahI hai|" anyatairthika aura gRhastha mukti kA prazna stro-mukti ke sAtha-sAtha do anya prazna bhI jur3e hue haiM, ve haiM, anya-- tairthika ko mukti eva' savastra kI mukti ( gRhastha-mukti ) / yaha spaSTa hai ki uttarAdhyayana jaise prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM stro-mukti ke sAtha-sAtha anya tairthikoM ( anyaliMga ) aura gRhasthoM kI mukti ko bhI svIkAra kiyA 1. vistRta vivaraNa hetu dekhe-strI nirvANa prakaraNa, zAkaTAyana / sabhI tarka uso grantha para AdhArita hai|

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yApanoya saMgha kI viziSTa yAnyatAe~ : 411H gayA hai| usako mAnyatA yaha thI ki vyakti cAhe kisI anya paramparA meM dIkSita huA ho yA gRhastha ho ho, yadi vaha samabhAva kI sAdhanA meM pUrNatA prApta kara letA hai, rAga-dveSa se Upara uTha kara votarAga dazA ko prApta ho jAtA hai, to vaha anya taithika ke yA gRhastha ke veza meM bho mukti ko prApta ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zarIra kI apekSA se strI, puruSa evaM napusaka kI tathA veza kI apekSA se svaliMga ( nigraMtha muniveza meM ) anya liMga ( tApasa Adi anyatairthika ke veza) evaM gahIliMga ( gRhasthaveza) se mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM nami, bAhaka, asita devala, nArAyaNa Adi RSiyoM ke dvArA anya paramparA ke AcAra evaM veSa-bhUSA kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI siddhi prApta karane ke spaSTa ullekha hai| RSibhASita meM aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM anya zramaNaparamparAoM ke RSiyoM ko arhat RSi kahakara sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH mukti kA sambandha mAtmA ko vikSuddhi se hai, usakA bAhya veza yA stropuruSa Adi ke zarIra se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki vyakti cAhe zvetAmbara ho, digambara ho, bauddha ho yA anya kisI dharma paraMparA kA ho, yadi vaha samabhAva se yukta hai to avazya mokSa ko 1. itthI purisasiddhA ya taheva ya napugasA / sariMge bannaliMge ya gihiliMge taheva y|| uttarAdhyayana sUtra, (saMpA0) sAdhvI zrI candanA, 36/99,. 2. Ahesu mahApurisA pubdhi ttttpossnnaa| udaeNa sidvimAvannA tattha maMdo visoyati / / abhujiyA nami videhI, rAmaputte ya bhujiyA / bAhue udagaM bhoccA tahA nArAyaNe riso / / asite davile ceva dIvAyaNa mhaarisii| pArAsare dagaM bhoccA bIyANi hariyANi ya / / ete puvvaM mahApurisA AhitA iha sammatA / bhoccA boodagaM sidvA iti meyamaNussuaM / / -sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/4/1-4 3. devanAradeNa arahatA isiNA buiyaM / isigAsiyAI, 1/1 saMpA* mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI, prakAzaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura 4. seyaMbaro vA AsaMbaro vA buddho vA taheva anno vA / samabhAva bhAvippA lahai mokkhaM Na saMdeho //

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412 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya prApta karegA / ki yApanIya bhI Agamika paramparA ke anuyAyI the / yApanIya zAkaTAyana ne isa saMbaMdha meM Agama-pramANa kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai ataH ve strI-mukti ke sAtha-sAtha anya taithika kI mukti ke samarthaka the| kintu jaba acelatA ko hI eka mAtra mokSa-mArga svIkAra karake mUrchAdi bhAva "parigraha ke sAtha-sAtha vastra-pAtrAdi dravya-parigraha kA bhI pUrNa tyAga Avazdhaka mAna liyA gayA to yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki strI-mukti ke niSedha ke sAtha hI sAtha anyataithikoM aura gRhasthoM ko mukti kA bho niSedha kara diyA jaay| digambara paramparA caki acelatA ko ho ekamAtra mokSamArga mAnA gayA thA, isalie usane yaha mAnA ki anya-tairthika yA gRhastha veza meM koI bhI vyakti mukta nahIM ho sktaa| isake viparota zvetAmbara aura yApanoya donoM hI spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnate rahe ki yadi vyakti ko rAgAtmakatA yA mamatva vRtti samApta ho gayo hai to bAhya rUpa se vaha cAhe gRhastha veza dhAraNa kiye hue ho yA anyatairthika zramaNa yA tApasa Adi kA veza dhAraNa kiye hue ho, usakI mukti meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / tattvArthabhASya' meM tattvArthasUtra ke dazaveM adhyAya ke sAtaveMsUtra kA bhASya karate hae umAsvAti ne veza kI apekSA dravyaliMga ke tona bheda kiye-- 1. svaliga 2. gahaliMga aura 3. anyaliMga aura yaha batAyA ki ina tInoM liMgoM se mukti ho bhI sakatI hai aura nahoM bho hA sakatI hai| isa prakAra umAsvAti ne anyataithikoM evaM gahasthoM kI makti ko vikalpa se svIkAra karate haiM, kintu iso sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM pUjyapAda 'sarvArthasiddhi' meM dravyaliMga kI dRSTi se nirgrantha liMga se hI siddhi mAnate haiM yadyapi unhoMne yaha mAnA hai ki bhUtapUrva naya ko apekSA se sagranthaliMga se bho siddhi hotI hai / kintu tattvArthasUtra ke prastuta sUtra (10/7 ) meM siddha jIvoM kA 1. liMge punaranyo vikalpa ucyate dravyaliMgabhAvaliMgaaliMgamiti / pratyutpanne bhAvaprajJApanIyasyAliMga sidhyati / pUrvabhAva prajJApanIyasya bhAvaliMga pratisvaliMge sidhyati / dravyaliMga trividhaM-svaliMgamanyaliMga gRhiliNgmiti| tat pratibhAjyam / sarvastu bhAvaliMgaprApta sidhyati // -tattvArthabhASya, 10/7 kA bhASya 2. liMgena kena siddhiH ? avedatvena tribhyo vA vedabhyaH siddhirbhAvatA na dravyataH pulligenaiva athavA nirgrantha liMgena / sagraMthaliMgena vA siddhirbhuutpuurvnyaapekssyaa| -pUNyapAdaviracita sarvArthasiddhi, saMpA0 phUla canda siddhAntazAstrI pRSTha 472, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAeM : 413. kSetra, kAla, gati, liMga, tortha Adi ko apekSA se jo vicAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha unakI mukti prApta karane ke samaya ko sthiti ke sandarbha meM hai| ataH bhUtapUrva naya kA yahA~ koI prayojana ho nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi bhUtapUrva naya se kahanA hotA to usameM to sabhI liMga, sabhI gati, sabhI kSetra Adi se mukti mAnI jA sakatI tho / sarvArthasiddhi meM bhUtapUrva naya kA kathana mAtra Agama aura apanI paramparA ke madhya saMgati biThAne hetu kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki pUjyapAda ke samaya meM digambara paramparA meM anyatairthika aura gRhasthamukti ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se A gayI thii| pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi-TokA se pahale hameM zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke kisI bhI grantha meM stro, anyatairthika evaM gRhastha ko mukti ke spaSTa niSedha sambandhI koI bhI ullekha nahIM mile haiN| zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sUtrakRtAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM to spaSTa rUpa se ina tonoM kI makti kA ullekha huA hai yaha hama pUrva meM batA cuke haiN| kundakunda aura pUjyapAda ke samaya se hI jaina vidvAnoM meM yaha matabheda huA hai| hamArI dRSTi meM kundakunda bhI pUjyapAda ke samakAlona lagabhaga chaTo zatI ke ho hai| ataH pUjyapAda ke sAtha-sAtha unhoMne bhI sUtraprAbhRta meM 'vastradhArI' kI makti kA niSedha kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki "yadi tIrthaMkara bhI vastradhAro ho to vaha bhI mukta nahIM ho sktaa|"' isa niSedha meM strI, anya-- taithika evaM gahastha tInoM kI mukti kA ho niSedha ho jAtA hai kyoMki ye tonoM hI vastradhArI hai| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM kundakunda evaM pUjyapAda ke kAla se strI makti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthika evaM gahastha kI mukti kA bhI niSedha kara diyA gayA / vastutaH koI bhI dharma paramparA jaba sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatAoM meM sigaTatI jAtI hai, to usameM anya paramparAoM prati udAratA samApta hotI jAtI hai| anyataithikoM evaM gahasthoM ko mukti kA niSedha iso kA pariNAma thaa| paravartI zvetAmbara evaM digambara granyoM meM isa sambandha meM jo bhI carcA huI vaha mukhya rUpa se strI mukti ke prazna ko lekara ho huI / gRhastha evaM anyatethika ko mukti kA prazna vastutaH strImukti ke prazna se hI jar3A haA thaa| ataH paravartI sAhitya meM ina donoM ke sambandha meM pakSa va 1. gavi sijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jaivi hoi titthyro| jaggo vimokkhamaggo sesA ummaggayA savve / / -sUtraprAguta, 23

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- 414 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 'vipakSa meM kucha likhA ho, aisA mujhe jJAta nahIM hai / tasvArthazlokavArtika' meM vidyAnanda ne ekamAtra tarka yaha diyA hai ki yadi sagrantha avasthA meM mukti hotI haiM to phira parigraha tyAga kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? jisa prakAra yApanIya AcArya 'zAkaTAyana' ne aura zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra Adi ne strI mukti ke samarthana meM vividha tarka diye usI prakAra ke tarka gRhastha yA anya tairthika kI mukti ke sambandha meM yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne nahIM diye haiM / sambhavataH isakA kAraNa yahI rahA ki jaba eka bAra sacela strI kI mukti kI sambhAvanA svIkAra kI jAtI hai to phira gRhastha aura anyatairthika kI mukti kI sambhAvanA svIkAra karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahatI, kyoMki gRhastha aura anyataithika kI mukti kA prazna sIdhA strI-mukti kI samasyA ke sAtha jur3A huA thA / ataH usa para svatantra rUpa se pakSa va vipakSa meM adhika carcA nahIM huI hai / 3 jahA~ taka yApanIya paramparA kA prazna hai ve strI-mukti ke sAtha-sAtha gRhastha evaM anya tairthika ko mukti svIkAra karate the / yApanoya granthoM se isa tathya kI puSTi ho jAtI hai / AcArya hariSeNa ke 'bRhatkathAkoza 2 meM spaSTa rUpa se gRhastha mukti kA ullekha hai / isameM kahA gayA hai ki aNuvrata, guNavrata, zikSAvrata se anvita aura maunavrata se samanvita sAdhaka siddhi ko prApta hotA hai / isI prakAra harivaMzapurANa ( jinasena aura hariSeNa ) meM bhI anya tairthika kI mukti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / usameM bayAlIsaveM sarga meM nArada ko 'antyadeha' kahA gayA hai / punaH usake paisaThaveM sarga meM to spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki - " narazreSTha nArada ne pravarjita hokara tapasyA ke bala se bhava- paramparA kA kSaya karake akSaya mokSa ko prApta kiyA / " isake viparIta digambara granthoM meM nArada ko narakagAmI 1. sAkSAnnirgrantha ligena pAraMparyAttatonyataH / sAkSAtsagraMthaliMgena siddhI nirgrathatA - tattvArthazlokavArtikam 10/9, sampA0 manoharalAla vRthA / 2. aNuvratadharaH kazcit guNazikSAvratAnvitaH / siddhibhakto vrajet siddhi maunavratasamanvitaH // 3. antyadehaH prakRtyaiva niH kaSAyo'pyasau kSitau - bRhatkathAkoza, 57/567 - harivaMzapurANa, 42 / 22 4. nArado'pi narazreSThaH pravrajya tapaso balAt / kRtvA bhavakSayaM mokSamakSayaM samupeyivAn // - harivaMzapurANa, 65 / 24

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa yAnyatAeM : 415 kahA gayA hai isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya paramparA zvetAmbara "paramparA kI ho taraha udAra tho aura stro mukti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthika evaM gRhasthoM kI mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karatI thii| kevalI-bhukti kA prazna (a) kevalo kavalAhAra aura Agamika paramparA : __ kevalI ke kavalAhAra kA prazna bho yApanIya aura digambara paramparA ke bIca vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| jahA~ eka ora zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAyeM kevalI kA kavalAhAra svIkAra karatI haiM, vahA~ digambara paramparA kevalI ke kavalAhAra kA niSedha karato haiM / kevalI ke kavalAhAra sambandhI vivAda kI yaha carcA hameM IsvI san ke chaThavIM zatI ke pahale ke kisI grantha meM nahIM milato hai / sAmAnyatayA donoM hI paramparAoM ke mAnya granthoM meM ekendriya se lekara sayogo kevalI taka sabhI AhAraka hote haiM, aisA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhagavatosUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna ke pazcAt nitya-bhojo kahA gayA hai|' isake ullikhita eka anya prasaMga meM bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAna ke dvArA bhojana grahaNa karane kA bhI nirdeza hai / 2 samavAyAMgasUtra meM tothaMkara ke atizayoM ke prasaMga meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki kevalo ke AhAra aura nihAra cakSuoM se dikhAI nahIM dete| isake atirikta AgamoM meM yaha bhI ullekha hai RSabha Adi ne mukti prApta karane ke pUrva kitane dinoM kA upabAsa 1. "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samayeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre 'viyaDabhoI' yA vi hotyaa| tae NaM samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa viyaTTabhogiyassa sarIraM orAlaM siMgAraM kallANaM siNaM dhanna maMgallaM sassirIyaM aNalaMkiyavibhUsiyaM sirIya atIvaatIva uvasobhamANe citttti|" -bhagavatIsUtra, 2/1 ( skandaka tApasa adhikAra ) 2. tae NaM samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa tamAhAraM AhAriyassa samANassa se vipule rogAyake khippAmeva uvasaMte, haTTe jAe, aroge, baliyasarIre / -bhagavatIsUtra, 15/163 3. pacchanne AhAranihAre-avisse maMsacakkhuNA -samavAyAga, sU0 34/175

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416 : jainadharma kA yASanIya sampradAya kiyA thA', yadi ve kavalAhAra nahIM karate the to phira yaha ullekha kaise hotaa| kavalAhArI ke hI upavAsa Adi kA ullekha hotA hai| digambara paraMparA dvArA mAnya mUlataH yApanIya grantha 'SaTkhaNDAgama' meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha hai ki ekendriya jIvoM se lekara sayogIkevalI taka sabhI jIva AhAraka hote haiM, mAtra vigrahagati karane vAle, kevalI samadghAta karane vAle, ayogI kevalI aura siddha ye cAra prakAra ke jIva anAhAraka hote haiN| isa tathya kI puSTi digambara grantha gommaTasAra aura zvetAmbara grantha 'jIva-samAsa' se bhI hotI hai| jJAtavya hai ki donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM yaha gAthA samAna rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki vigraha gati ko prApta, kevalo samudghAta karane vAle ayogo kevalo aura siddha ye anAhAraka haiM, zeSa sabhI jIva AhAraka hote haiN| mUlAcAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai AhAramArgaNA meM teraha guNasthAna hote haiN| anAhAramArgaNoM meM mithyAtva, sAsvAdana, avirata, sayogIkevalI aura ayogIkevalI ye pA~ca kI guNasthAna hotI hai ! isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM dvArA mAnya mala AgamoM meM kevalI ke AhAraka hone ke ullekha haiN| 1. pAse arahA""mAsieNaM bhatteNaM apANaeNaM kAlagae""savvakukkha pahINe / arahAariTThanemI""saddhimAsieNaM bhatteNa amANaeNaM""kAlagae"samva dukkhphiinne| -kalpasUtra 188 usabhe arahA"coisameNaM bhatteNaM apANaeNaM "kAlagae""samvadukkhapahINe / -kalpasUtra 231. AhArA eiMdiyappahuDi jAva sajogikevali tti / aNAhArA cadusu hANesu viggahagaisamAvaNNANaM kevalINaM vA samugdhAdagadANa ajogikevali siddhA cedi / -SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/196-77 3. (a) viggahagadimAvaNNA kevaliNo samugghado ajogI yaa| siddhA ya aNahArA sesA AhArayA jIvA // -gommaTasAra. AgAsa, gAthA 666 (ba) biggahagaimAvaNNA kevaliNI samuhado ajogI ya / siddhA ya aNAhArA sesA AhAragA jIvA // -bhAga 2 (pR0 329) 4. ahArassa ya terasa paMceva havaMti jANa iyarassa / micchAsAsaNa avirada sajogI ajogI ya voddhavvA // -jIvasamAsa, gAthA 82

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 417 kundakunda dvArA kevalI kavalAhAra kA niSedha : digambara paramparA meM sarvaprathama kundakunda ne 'bodha- pAhuDa' meM kevalo ke AhAra-nihAra kA niSedha kiyA hai, ve likhate haiM ki kevalI vRddhAvasthA, vyAdhi aura duHkha se rahita hote haiM / unameM AhAra aura nihAra kA bhI abhAva hotA hai / ve zleSma (kapha) sveda aura durgaMdha ke doSa se bhI rahita hote haiM / ' isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ Agamika paramparA meM kevalI ke AhAra-nihAra ko svIkAra karake bhI unakA atizaya batAne kI dRSTi se unake AhAra-nihAra ko adRzya mAnA, vahIM kundakunda ne unameM AhAranihAra kA niSedha ho kara diyA / (sa) Agamika paramparA aura kundakunda ke madhya samanvaya : ina do virodhI mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa eka nayI samasyA utpanna huI, prathama to yaha ki yApanIya grantha 'SaTkhaNDAgama', jise kundakunda kI digambara paramparA ne bhI Agama rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA thA, meM Aye hue isa kathana kA kyA artha kiyA jAya ki 'ekendriya se lekara sayogI kevalI taka ke sabhI jIva AhAraka hote haiM / jJAtavya hai ki sayogI halI taka jIva AhAraka hote haiM - yaha mAnyatA SaTkhaNDAgama se kicita paravartI pUjyapAda kI tattvArtha kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA aura gommaTasAra' meM bhI milatI hai / kyoMki yadi sayogIkevalI ko sAmAnya artha meM AhAraka mAna liyA jAtA hai to phira kundakunda kI isa mAnyatA se virodha hotA hai ki kevalI AhAra-vihAra se rahita hote haiM / " ataH 1. jarAvAhidukkhara hiyaM AhAravihAravajjiyaM vimalaM / siMhANakhelaseo natthi dugucchA ya doso ya // - boSapAhuDa, 37 - SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/12/176 3. AhArAnuvAdena AhArakeSu mithyAdRSTyAdIni sayogI kevalyAntAni / - sarvArthasiddhi, 1/8 2. AhArA eiMdiyappahuDi jAva sajogikevaliti / 4. thAvarakAyappahudI sajogicaramotti hodi AhArI / 5. AhAranihAravajjiyaM / 27 - gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa, gAthA 698 bodhapAhuDa, 37

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418 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya donoM mAnyatAoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane hetu dhavalA - TIkA meM sarvaprathama chaH prakAra ke AhAroM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai 1. nokarmAhAra 2. karmAhAra 3. kavalAhAra 4. lepyAhAra 5. ojAhAra ( oSma ) aura 6. mana AhAra aura yaha mAnA gayA ki kevalI nokarmAhAra karate haiM / " jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ nyAyakumudacandra meM kevalI ke nokarmAhAra aura karmAhAra aise do AhAra mAne gaye haiM, vahA~ dhavalA meM mAtra eka nokarmAhAra hI mAnA gayA hai / chaH prakAra ke ina AhAroM kA ullekha sarvaprathama dhavalATIkA meM hI huA hai| usase pUrva ke kisI bhI zvetAmbara, digambara graMtha meM yaha ullekha nahIM milatA hai / vastutaH dhavalAkAra kI samasyA yaha thI ki eka ora SaTkhaNDAgama meM sayogI kevalI ko jo AhAraka mAnA gayA thA usakI saMgati AcArya kundakunda kI isa mAnyatA se baiThAnI thI, jisake anusAra kevalI meM AhAra - nihAra nahIM hai / paravartI dimbara AcArya devasena Adi ne bhAva saMgraha meM dhavalA kA anusaraNa karate hue inhIM 6 AhAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu isase pUrva ke zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM yathA -sUtrakRtAMga, niryukti Adi meM tIna prakAra ke AhAroM kA hI ullekha milatA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki AhAra tIna prakAra ke haiM- ojAhAra, 1. atra kavalalepoSmamanaH karmAhArAn parityajya nokarmAhAro grAhyaH, anyathAhArakAlavirahAbhyAM saha virodhAt / - SaTkhaNDAgama, 1/1/176 kI dhavalATIkA ( 9vIM zatI) 2. ( a ) NokammakammahAro kavalAhAro ya leppahAro ya / ujja maNo vi ya kamaso AhAro chavviho o // NokammakammahAro jIvANaM hoi caugaigayANaM / kavalAhAro Narapasu rukkhesu ya leppamAhAro // pakkhINujjAhAro aDayamajjhesu devesu maNAhAro cauvviho Natthi kevaliNo // NokammakammahAro uvayAreNa tassa Ayame bhANio / Na hu NicchaNa so vi hu sa vIyarAo paro jamhA // mANA / - bhAva saMgraha, 110-113 (ba) nokarmakarmanAmA ca lepAhAro'tha mAnasaH / ojazca kavajAhArazcetyAhAro hi SaDvidhaH // - bhAvasaMgraha, 226

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 419 lomAhAra aura prakSepAhAra / isa prakSepAhAra ko hI kavalAhAra kahA jAtA hai / sabhI aparyAptaka jIva ojAhAra karate haiM jabaki paryAptaka jIva lomAhAra yA prakSepAhAra grahaNa karate haiM / deva, nAraka aura ekendriya jIvoM meM prakSepAhAra nahIM hotA, zeSa dvIndriya se lekara sayogI kevalI taka prakSepa AhAra karate haiM / kevalI ko chor3akara zeSa jIva vigraha gati meM do samaya taka anAhAraka rahate haiM, kintu kevalI samudghAta karate samaya tIna samaya taka anAhAraka hote haiM / zaileSI avasthA ko prApta kevalI arddha antarmuhUrta taka anAhAraka hote haiM aura siddha sAdi anantakAla taka anAhAraka hote haiM / " isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prAcIna zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM nokarma AhAra, karma - AhAra aura mana AhAra kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / nokarma AhAra aura karma AhAra kI kalpanA vastutaH kevalI ko eka ora AhAraka mAnakara bhI usameM AhAra-nihAra kA abhAva siddha karane ke lie kI gayI / jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama spaSTataH sayogI kevalI meM AhAra kA sadbhAva mAnatA hai, vahA~ kundakunda spaSTataH AhAra kA abhAva mAnate haiM / donoM eka dUsare ke virodhI kathana haiM, kyoMki SaTkhaNDAgama yApanIya hai aura kuMdakuMda digambara / donoM mAnyatAoM meM samanvaya karane kA prayatna taba kiyA gayA jaba kundakunda 1. davve saccittAdI khette nagarassa jaNavao hoi / bhAvAhAro tiviho oe lome ya pakkheve // sarIreNeyAhAro tayAya phAseNa lomaAhAro / pakkhevAhAro puNa kAvalio hoi nAyavvo / oyAhArA jIvA savve appajattagA muNeyavvA / pajattagA ya lome pakkheve hoi ( hoMti) nAyavvA // egidiyadevANaM neraiyANaM ca natthi pakkhevo / sesANaM pakkhavo saMsAratthANa jIvANaM // ekkaM ca do va samae tinni va samae muhuttamaddhaM vA / sAdIyamanihaNaM puNa kAlamaNAhAragA jIvA // ekkaM ca do va samae kevaliparivajjiyA aNAhArA / maMtha ma doNi loe ya pUrie tinni samayA u // aMtomuhuttamaddhaM selesIe bhave aNAhArA / sAdIyamanihaNaM puNa siddhA saNahAragA hoMti // -- sUtrakRtAMganiryukti, gAthA 170 - 176

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420 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kI paramparA ne SaTkhaNDAgama ko apanA liyA aura usa para dhavalA-TIkA likhI gyii| (4) kevalI kavalAhAra kA niSedha kyoM ? __ satya to yaha hai ki jaba kevalI | tIrthaMkara alaukika vyakti mAna liyA gayA to sAmAnya vyakti se usakA vaiziSTya dikhAne ke lie yaha mAnA gayA ki usake AhAra-nihAra adRzya hote haiM, nakha, keza Adi meM vRddhi nahIM hotI aadi| isa krama meM kevalI ke atizayoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kundakunda ne yaha mAna liyA liyA ki usake AhAra-nihAra hote hI nahIM / jahA~ zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya paramparA kevalI ke zarIra ko sAmAnya mAnavoM ke samAna hI audArika ( hAr3a-mAMsa se yukta) mAna kara usameM AhAra grahaNa kI sambhAvanA mAna rahI thI, vahA~ digambara paramparA meM usake zarIra ko parama audArika mAnakara usameM AhAranihAra kI AvazyakatA ko hI samApta kara diyA gayA / yApanIya AcArya jo AgamoM ko mAnya kara rahe the aura jinhoMne apanI paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama kA nirmANa kiyA thA, ve Agamika ullekhoM ke hote hue, kevalI ke kavalAhAra kA niSedha nahIM kara sake, kintu dakSiNa bhArata meM vikasita digambara paramparA ne jaba AgamoM ko hI asvIkAra kara diyA to unake lie strI-mukti ke sAtha-sAtha kevalI ke kavalAhAra kA bhI niSedha karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM rhii| isa prakAra kevalI ke kavalAhAra kA niSedha mUlataH to use atizaya yukta (alaukika ) dikhAne kA hI pariNAma thaa| isake atirikta kucha tAkika kAraNa bhI the| jaise jaba eka bAra yaha mAna liyA gayA ki kevalI meM koI AkAMkSA, icchA Adi nahIM rahatI hai to phira usameM AhAra kI icchA bhI kaise mAnI jA sakatI thI? punaH jaba kevalI meM bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha saMjJA kA niSedha mAna liyA gayA, to phira usameM AhAra saMjJA ko bhI kyoM mAnA jAya ? jJAtavya hai ki strI-mukti sambandhI-vivAda ke samAna ho kavalAhAra samnbadhI vivAda se bhI zvetAmbara AcArya prAyaH 8vIM zatI ke prArambha taka aparicita hI rahe haiM, kyoMki usa kAla taka ke kisI bhI zvetAmbara grantha meM isa vivAda kI koI carcA nahIM hai| kevalIbhukti ke ullekha AgamoM meM haiM, vahA~ vaha vivAdita prazna nahIM hai| usakA niSedha to sarvaprathama kuMdakuMda ne ( lagabhaga chaThI zatI) kiyA hai| usake bAda hI

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 421 khaNDana-maNDana kI pravRtti prArambha huI jisakA prArambhika rUpa pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM milatA hai| jJAtavya hai pUjyapAda eka ora sayogI kevalI ko AhAraka mAnate haiM (18) to dUsarI ora usameM kSudhA kA abhAva kahate haiM / jJAtavya hai ki tattvArtha ke TIkAkAroM meM pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddha kI apekSA akalaMka ke rAjavAtika aura unakI apekSA bhI vidyAnandI ke zlokavArtika meM kevalI ke kavalAhAra ke niSedhaka tarka kramazaH vikasita hote hue pratIta hote haiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki tattvArthasUtra, usake svopajJa bhASya, yahA~ taka ki SaTakhaNDAgama ke racanA kAla taka bhI isa samasyA kA astitva hI nahIM thaa| (5) digambara paramparA kA pUrvapakSa : digambara paramparA meM AcArya kundakunda ne sarvaprathama kevalI ke AhAranihAra kA spaSTa niSedha usameM atizaya dikhAne ke prasaMga meM hI kiyA parantu usakI puSTi meM koI bhI tarka prastuta nahIM kiyA / sarvaprathama kevalI ke kavalAhAra-niSedha ke tarka kaSAya-pAhur3a kI jayadhavalATIkA meM prApta hote haiN| usameM kahA gayA hai ki yadi yaha kahA jAya ki kevalI tRSNA ke vazIbhUta hokara bhojana karate haiM to yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM, kyoMki aisA mAnane para ve mohI hoNge| punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki kevalI ratnatraya kI sAdhanA ke liye bhojana karate haiM to yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki kevalI ko ratnatraya arthAt jJAna, saMyama evaM dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke liye bhojana kI AvazyakatA nahIM, kyoMki ina tInoM meM kucha bhI unake liye prAptavya raha hI nahIM gyaa| kevalI jJAna prApti ke liye bhojana karate hoM yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM, kyoMki unhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kara liyA aura usase bar3A koI jJAna hai hI nahIM, jisakI prApti ke liye ve bhojana kreN| saMyama ke liye ve bhojana karate haiM, aisA kathana bhI ucita nahIM, kyoMki unheM yathAkhyAta saMyama kI prApti ho cukI hai / ve dhyAna ke liye bhI bhojana karate hoM, yaha bhI Avazyaka nahIM, kyoMki unhoMne saba kucha jAna liyA hai, ataH unake dhyAna karane yogya koI padArtha hI nahIM rhaa|' yadi yaha kahA jAya ki kevalI sAMsArika jIvoM ke samAna 1. ghAikamme NaLe saMte vi jai veyaNIyaM dukkhamuppAyai to satiso sabhukkho kevalI hojja? Na ca evaM; bhukkhAtisAsu kara-jalavisayataNhAsu saMtIsu kevalissa samohadAvattIdo / taNhAe Na bhuMjai, kiMtu tirayaNaTThamidi Na vottuM; juttaM; tattha vattAsesasaruvammi tadasaMbhavAdo / taM jahA, Na tAva NANaLaM bhaMja;

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422 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya bala, Ayu, svAda, zarIra kI vRddhi, teja yA sukha ke liye bhojana karate hU~, to aisA mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki yaha mAnane para ve mohayukta ho jaayeNge| mohayukta hone para unameM kevalajJAna kA abhAva hogA, aisI sthiti meM unake vacana Agama nahIM raha jAyeMge aura Agama kA abhAva hone se ratnatraya kI pravRtti nahIM hogI aura tIrtha kA viccheda ho jaayegaa|' isa prakAra kavalAhAra ke niSedha kA mukhya prayojana yahI thA ki kevalI ko aisI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai jisake liye ve bhojana kreN| jJAtavya hai ki jayadhavalATIkA meM jo tarka diye gaye haiM ve tarka tattvArtha kI TIkAoM meM diye gaye tarkoM se bhinna haiN| vastutaH tattvArtha kI TIkAoM ke tarkoM kA mukhya prayojana kevalI meM gyAraha-parISahoM ke sadbhAva sambandhI mUla pATha meM jo sUtra thA, usakA hI niSedha karanA thA, na ki kevalI ke kavalAhAra kA niSedha dikhaanaa| umAsvAti ne to 'ekAdazajine' kahakara spaSTa rUpa se kevalI meM kSudhAdi parISahoM kA sadbhAva mAna liyA thaa| kSudhA-parISaha mAnane kA phalitArtha yaha bhI thA ki kevalI kSudhA ke nivAraNArtha bhojana grahaNa bhI karate haiN| AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA ( 3/93 ) meM vItarAga meM daihika duHkhoM ko sambhAvanA svIkAra kI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ve kevalI meM kSudhAvedanIya kA udaya mAnate haiN| kintu unake pazcAt pUjyapAda se lekara tattvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAra taka sabhI digambara AcAryoM ne na to kevalI meM pttkevlnnaannbhaavaado| Na ca kevala NANAdo ahiyamaNNaM patthaNijjaM NANamatthi jeNa tadaLeM kevalI jejja / Na saMjamaThTha; pttjhaakkhaadsNjmaado| Na jjhANa;; visaIkayAsesa tihuvaNassa jjheyaabhaavaado| Na bhuMjai kevalI bhuktikAraNAbhAvAdo tti siddha / aha jai so bhuMjai to balAu-sAdu-sarIruvacaya-teja-suhaDheM ceva bhuMjai saMsArijIvo tva; Na ca evaM, samohassa kevlnnaannaannuvvttiido| Na ca akevalivayaNamAgamo, rAgadosamohakalaMkaMkie hari-hara hiraNNaganbhesu va saccAbhAvAdo / AgamAbhAve Na tirayaNapaDatti tti titthavocchedo ceva hojja, Na ca evaM titthassa NibbAhabohavisayIkayassa uvlNbhaado| tado Na veyaNIyaM ghAikammaNikhekkhaM phalaM dedi tti siddhaM / / jayadhavalAsahitaM kasAyapAhuDaM, bhAga 1, prakA0 bhA0 di0 jainasaMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, I0 sa0 1944,1/1/52-53, pR0 69-71

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 423 kSudhA vedanIya kI saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura na kevalI ke kavalAhAra ko mAnya kiyaa| tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM ki cAra ghAtI karmoM ko naSTa karane vAle jina bhagavAna meM vedanIya karma kA sadbhAva hone se usake nimitta se hone vAle gyAraha-parISahoM kA bhI sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai| kintu sahakArI mohanIya karma kA udaya na hone se kevalI meM kSudhAdi kI vedanA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| yaha satya hI hai, phira bhI yahA~ dravya karmoM kI apekSA se parISaha kA vaise hI upacAra kiyA gayA hai jaise kevala jJAnI meM cittavRtti ke vikalpoM kA abhAva hone para bhI karmoM ke nAza rUpa phala kI apekSA se dhyAna kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai athavA phira yaha mAnanA cAhiye ki jina meM gyAraha-parISaha nahIM hote, kyoMki sUtra upaskAra adhyAhAra sahita hote haiM / tattvArthavArtika meM akalaMkadeva ne bhI lagabhaga pUjyapAda ko isI 1. ekAdaza jine // 911 // nirastaghAtikarmacatuSTaye jine vedanIyasadbhAvAttadAzrayA ekAdazapariSahAH santi / nanu ca mohanIyodayasahAyAbhAvAtkSudAdivedanAbhAve pariSahavyapadezo na yuktaH ? satyamevametat-vedanAbhAve'pi dravyakamaMsadbhAvApekSayA pariSahopacAraH kriyate, niravazeSanirastajJAnAtizaye cintAnirodhAbhAve'pi tatphalakarmaniharaNaphalApekSayA dhyAnopacAravat / athavA-ekAdaza jine 'na santi' iti vAkyazeSaH kalpanIyaH; sopaskAratvAtsUtrANAm / -tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhiTIkA 9/11 2. ekAdaza jine // 911 // 'kaizcitkalpyante' iti vAkyazeSaH / vedanIyodayabhAvAt kSudhAdiprasaGga iti cet, na; ghAtikarmodayasahAyAbhAvAt tatsAmarthya virahAt // 1 // syAnmatam -ghAtikarmaprakSayAnnimittoparame sati nAgnyAratistrIniSadyAkrozayAcanAlAbhasatkArapuraskAraprajJAjJAnadarzanAni mA bhUvan , amI punarvedanIyAzrayAH khalu parISahAH prApnuvanti bhagavati jine iti; tanna; kiM kAraNam ? ghAtikarmodayasahAyAbhAvAt tatsAmarthyavirahAt / yathA viSadravyaM mantrauSadhibalAdupakSINamAraNazaktikamupayujyamAnaM na maraNAya kalpyate tathA dhyAnAnalanirdagdhaghAtikarmendhanasyAnantApratihatajJAnAdicatuSTayasyAntarAyAbhAvAnnirantaramupacIyamAnazubhapudgalasantatervedanIyAkhyaM karma sadapi prakSINasahAyabalaM svayogyaprayojanotpAdanaM pratyasamarthamiti kSudhAdyabhAvaH, tatsadbhAvopacArAd dhyAnakalpanavat / athavA, nAyaM vAkyazeSaH 'ekAdaza jinekazcitkalpyante' iti / kiM tahi ? ekAdaza santIti / katham 1 upacArAt / -tattvArthavArtika, 9/11 /

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424 : jainadharga kA yApanIya sampradAya bAta ko doharAyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki maMtra aura auSadhi ke bala se jisa viSa dravya kI mAraNa zakti samApta ho gaI use upacAra se hI viSa kahA jAtA hai| usI prakAra jina meM jJAnAdi ananta catuSTaya kI upasthiti, antarAya karma kA abhAva tathA nirantara zubha pudgaloM ke Agamana hone se vastutaH to kSudhAdi kA abhAva hI hotA hai, tathApi dhyAna ke samAna hI upacAra se unameM unakA sadbhAva kahA jAtA hai / athavA phira yahA~ 'nAyaM' arthAt aisA nahIM hai-isa vAkya zeSa kI kalpanA karanA cAhiye / akalaMka ke pazcAt vidyAnandI ne bhI tattvArthazlokavArtika meM inhIM AdhAroM para apane tarkoM ko vikasita kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM kevalI meM jo 1, ekAdaza jine tatra kecit saMtIti vyAcakSate, pare tu na saMtIti / tadubhayavyAkhyAnAvirodhamupadarzayannAha; ekAdaza jine saMti zaktitaste parISahAH / vyaktito neti sAmarthyAnyAkhyAnadvayamiSyate // 1 // vedanIyodayabhAvAt kSudAdiprasaMga iti cenna, ghAtikarmodayasahAyAbhAvAt tatsAmarthya virahAt / tadbhAvopacArAdhdyAnakalpanavacchaktita eva kevalinyekAdazaparISahAH saMti na punarvyaktitaH, kevalAdvedanIyAndyaktakSudAdyasaMbhavAdityupacArataste tatra parijJAtavyAH / kutaste tatropacaryate ityAha lezyaikadezayogasya sadbhAvAdupacaryate / yathA lezyA jine tadvadvedanIyasya tattvataH / / 2 // ghAtihatyupacaryate sattAmAtrAt parISahAH / / chadmasthavItarAgasya yatheti parinizcitaM // 3 // na kSudAderabhivyaktistatra taddhetubhAvataH / yogazanye jine yadvadanyathAtiprasaMgataH // 4 // naikaM hetuH kSudAdInAM vyaktau cedaM pratIyate / tasya mohodayAndyakterasadvedyodayepi ca // 5 // kSAmodaratvasaMpattau mohApAye na sekSyate / satyAhArAbhilASepi nAsadvedyodayAdRte // 6 // na bhojanopayogasyAsattvenApyanudIraNA / asAtAvedanIyasya na cAhArekSaNAdvinA / / 7 // kSudityazeSasAmagrIjanyAbhivyajyate kathaM / tavaikalye sayogasya pipAsAderayogataH // 8 //

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yopanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 425 ekAdaza parISaha kahe gaye haiM, ve sattA kI apekSA se haiM, anubhUti/abhivyakti kI apekSA se nhiiN| kyoMki ghAtI karmoM ke sahakAra ke binA unameM abhivyakti (vedanA) sAmarthya nahIM hai / punaH jisa prakAra kevalI meM lezyA kA abhAva hone para bhI lezyA kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra parISaha kA bhI upacAra kiyA jAtA hai / moha rUpa hetu kA abhAva hone se kevalI meM kSudhAdi kI anubhUti (abhivyakti) mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, anyathA phira ayogI kevalI meM bhI unakI anubhUti mAnanI hogI, kyoMki usa dazA meM bhI vedanIya karma kA sadbhAva to rahatA hI hai / punaH moha kA kSaya hone para AhAra kI abhilASA ( icchA ) sambhava nahIM hai / sAtha hI anantazakti sampanna hone para nirAhAra dazA meM azaktatA mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| satya to yaha hai ki Atma svarUpa meM upayoga hone se kevalI meM bhojana kI AkAMkSA tathA tadrUpa pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra sabhI digambara AcAryoM ne kevalI meM kSudhA-vedanIya aura usake nivAraNArtha kavalAhAra kA niSedha kiyA thaa| (6) yApanIyoM kA uttarapakSa : digambara paramparA ke tattvArtha ke TIkAkAroM evaM jayadhavalAkAra ke tarkoM kA pratyuttara dene ke liye yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ne kevalI bhukti prakaraNa nAmaka 37 zlokoM kA eka laghugraMtha nirmita kiyA hai, jisameM unhoMne mukhyataH jayadhavalAkAra evaM tattvArthasUtra ke digambara TIkAkAroM ke tarkoM ko hI apanI samAlocanA kA AdhAra banAyA hai| usakA sAra nimna hai (1) bhojana grahaNa karane ke nimitta kAraNa rUpa AhArAdi SaTparyAptiyA~, vedanIya karma, tejasa zarIra aura dIrgha AyuSyakarma kA pUrva meM jo udaya yA, vaha kaivalyadazA meM bhI rahatA hai| ataH kevalI meM kSadhAvedanIya kA udaya aura kavalAhAra mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| (2) punaH kevalI meM AyuSyAdikarma naSTa nahIM hue haiM, ataH unheM jIvana jInA hI par3atA hai aura jIvana jIne ke liye bhojana Avazyaka kSudAdivedanodbhUtau nArhato'naMtazarmatA / nirAhArasya cAzaktau sthAtu nAnaMtazaktitA // 9 // nityopayuktabodhasya na ca saMjJAsti bhojne| pAne ceti kSudAdInAM nAbhivyaktijinAdhipe // 10 // -tattvArthazlokavArtika 9.11

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426 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai / ataH unameM kSudhA - vedanIya evaM kavalAhAra mAnanA hogA, kyoMki usake abhAva meM AyuSya paryanta unako daihika sthiti bhI sambhava nahIM hogI jaise tela ke abhAva meM dIpaka kI, jalAgama ke abhAva meM jaladhArA kI sthiti nahIM hotI hai, vaise hI - bhojana ke abhAva meM kevalI ke audArika zarIra kI sthiti bhI nahIM hai / (3) punaH kevalI ke jJAnAdi guNa bhI kSudhA vedanIya evaM kavalAhAra ke virodhI nahIM haiM / jaise prakAza ke hone para aMdhakAra naSTa hotA hai, vaise hI jJAnAdi guNoM kI vRddhi ke sAtha kSudhA bhI naSTa hotI ho, aisA niyama nahIM hai / prakAza evaM andhakAra ke samAna jJAna aura kSudhA meM viloma sambandha nahIM hai, kizora evaM yuvAvasthA meM kSudhA aura jJAna donoM meM hI samAna rUpa se vRddhi hotI hai / (4) yadi yaha kahA jAya ki kSudhA duHkha rUpa hai, anantasukha kI virodhI hai, ataH anantasukha se yukta kevalI meM kSudhAvedanIya yA AhAra kI AkAMkSA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| to isakA uttara yaha hai ki jJAnAdi guNoM kI taraha sukha kA bhI kSudhA se pUrNataH virodha nahIM hai / bhojana karane se sukha hotA hai, ataH ananta sukha se yukta vyakti bhojana nahIM kare, yaha niyama nahIM banatA hai / (5) jisa prakAra sardI, garmI Adi kI anubhUti moha kA pariNAma nahIM hotI, usI prakAra kSudhA kI anubhUti bho moha kA pariNAma nahIM hai| AhAra paryApti kA kAraNa tejasa evaM audArika zarIra haiM aura kevalI meM unakI upasthiti hotI hai, ataH unheM kSudhA kI anubhUti hotI hai / vastutaH sabho zArIrika anubhUtiyA~ moha janita hI hotI hoM, aisA niyama nahIM hai / zvasana, pAcana Adi aneka zArIrika anubhUtiyA~ evaM kriyAeM aisI haiM jo moha kA pariNAma nahIM haiM / ataH moha ke abhAva meM bhI kSudhA vedanIya aura AhAra grahaNa sambhava hai / jisa prakAra zvasana sahaja zArIrika kriyA hai, usI prakAra bhUkha-pyAsAdi bhI sahaja zArIrika kriyAe~ haiM / (6) kevalo meM kSudhAdi ko saMvedanA nahIM hai, yaha kathana Agama kA virodhI haiM kyoMki Agama meM kevalI ke kSudhAdi kI saMvedanA evaM kavalAhAra ke ullekha haiM / yApanIya ardhamAgadhI evaM zaurasenI AgamoM ko mAnya karate the; isa liye zAkaTAyana pAlyakIrti ne strI-mukti aura kevalIbhukti prakaraNa meM sthAna-sthAna para Agama - prAmANya kA ullekha kiyA / (7) kSudhAdi kA udaya mAnakara bhI usakA vipAka ( kSudhA - vedanA )

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 427 nahIM mAnane vAloM ko Ayu karma ke udaya meM bhI usakA phala-vipAka arthAt jIvana dhAraNa nahIM mAnanA hogaa| (8) yadi yaha mAne ki anantazakti sampanna kevalI bhagavAna ko bhojana kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? to yaha mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi bhojana ke binA kevala anantazakti ke kAraNa zarIra sthiti mAnoge to phira anantazakti ke kAraNa AyuSyakarma ke binA dehasthiti bhI mAnanI hogii| (9) kevalI ke bhojana kA uddezya bhUkha kI vedanA ko zAMta karanA nahIM, apitu sva-para kalyANa hotA hai| jisa prakAra unakA vacana-vyavahAra evaM vihAra sva-para kalyANa ke nimitta hotA hai, usI prakAra unakA AhAra bhI sva-para kalyANa ke nimitta hotA hai| ___(10) kevalI meM kSudhAdi gyAraha-parISahoM kA sadbhAva dhyAna yA lezyA ke samAna hI upacAra se hai, yaha tarka bhI ucita nahIM hai| kevalI meM dhyAna kA sadbhAva hai, upacAra nhiiN| kevalI ko cAhe ekAgra cintA nirodha rUpa dhyAna nahIM hotA ho, kintu yoga nirodha rUpa dhyAna to hotA hI hai, kyoMki yoga nirodha rUpa dhyAna to caudahaveM guNasthAna taka rahatA ho hai| kevalI yathArtha meM hI mana, vAka aura kAya yoga kA nirodha karatA hai| samucchinnakriyA apratipAtidhyAna to carama samaya meM hotA hai / usake pUrva to yoga nirodha rUpa dhyAna hotA hai| (11) yadi kahA jAya ki jisa prakAra devoM ko kavalAhAra (prakSepAhAra ) kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai, usI prakAra kevalI ko bho kavalAhAra kI apekSA nahIM hotI, to yaha tarka bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki devoM kA zarIra audArika nahIM, apitu vaikriya hotA hai, jabaki kevalI kA zarIra audArika hI hotA hai| audArika zarIra ke liye oja, loma aura prakSepa-ye tInoM hI AhAra mAne gye| (12) caramadehadhArI ko bhI mukti ratnatraya kI sAdhanA kI pUrNatA ke binA nahIM hotI aura binA bhojana ke AyuSya paryanta zarIra sthiti nahIM ho sktii| (13) jisa prakAra nakha, keza Adi kA na bar3hanA athavA pasInA Adi na AnA athavA pUrvAbhimukha hokara baiThane para bhI sabhI ora mukha kA dikhAI denA Adi vizeSatAe~ tIrthaMkara ke puNya kAraNa hotI haiM, usI prakAra kevalI meM bhUkha kA nahIM laganA unakI dehagata vizeSatA ho sakatI

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428 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai-yaha mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki Agama meM ina atizayoM kA to ullekha hai, kintu bhUkha ke abhAva nAmaka atizaya kA ullekha nahIM hai| (14) vedanIya karmajanya rogAdi ke samAna hI kevalI meM kSudhA-vedanA mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai, kyoMki 'jina' meM sAmAnya rUpa se ekAdaza pariSahoM kA sadbhAva to mAnA hI gayA hai| (15) tattvArthasUtra meM 'ekAdaza jine' nAmaka sUtra meM vAkya zeSa ke adhyAhAra kI kalpanA tabhI kI jA sakatI hai jabaki usa sUtra ko adhUrA mAne yA usameM binA kucha jor3e usakA artha nahIM nikalatA ho| pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra prastuta prasaMga meM yadi vAkya zeSa kI kalpanA karanI hai, to ekAdaza ke sAtha 'parISahaH' kA aura vAkyapUrti ke lie anta meM 'santi' kA adhyAhAra karanA hogaa| jisase paripUrNa vAkya hogA-ekAdazaH parISahAH jine santi / prastuta sUtra meM 'na santi' jor3ane kA athavA 'kezcita kalpayante' kA adhyAhAra karane kA koI AdhAra nahIM banatA hai| yadi hama isameM 'na santi' jor3ate haiM to isakA artha hogA-jina bhagavAna meM gyAraha parISaha nahIM hote / jisakA spaSTa phalita yaha hai ki zeSa gyAraha hote haiN| isa prakAra 'na santi' jor3ane se yaha sUtra kevalI meM parISaha kA abhAva sUcaka nahIM bana pAtA hai| yadi hama isake sthAna para 'kezcit kalpayante' jor3ate haiM to isakA artha hogA ki kucha AcArya 'jina' meM ekAdaza paroSaha mAnate haiM / isake phalitArtha ke rUpa meM cAhe ekAdaza parISaha nahIM mAnane vAloM ko kalpanA bhI kara lI jAe kintu usase jina meM ekAdaza parISaha hote haiM, isa mAnyatA kA niSedha to nahIM hotA hai| ataH yaha vAkya zeSa kI kalpanA hI nirAdhAra pratIta hotI hai| yadi 'jina' meM ekAdaza pariSahoM kA sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai, to usameM kSudhA vedanIya kA udaya bhI mAnanA hogA aura isa prakAra kevalI ke kavalAhAra kI puSTi hogI / (16 ) yadi kahA jAe ki kevalI bhagavAna ke sarvajJa hone ke kAraNa bhojana ke samaya unheM rakta, mA~sa Adi kA darzana bhI hogA aura kevalI bhagavAna ina antarAyoM ko dekhate hue kaise bhojana grahaNa kara sakate haiM ? kintu jisa prakAra parama avadhi jJAna ke dhAraka chadmastha muniyoM ko bhI rudhira-mAMsa Adi kA darzana hotA hai kintu indriya jJAna kA viSaya na hone se use antarAya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra kevalI ko bhI

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yApanIya saMgha kI viziSTa mAnyatAe~ : 429 antarAyoM kA darzana hone para bhI ve antarAya rUpa nahIM mAne jA sakate / vItarAga ko kAyakleza rUpa duHkha hote haiM - isa tathya ko to digambara AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI AptamImAMsA ( 3 / 93 ) meM svIkAra kiyA hai / " isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki - zvetAmbara mAnya Agama tattvArthaM - sUtra, tattvArthabhASya, SaTkhaNDAgama aura samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA ke racanA kAla taka arthAt lagabhaga 5 vIM zatI taka kevalI-bhukti ko sAmAnya rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jAtA thA / sarva prathama kundakunda ne ( lagabhaga chaThIM zatI) tIrthaMkara ke atizayoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kevalI ke AhAra-nihAra kA niSedha kiyA / jJAtavya hai ki isake pUrva zvetAmbara paramparA meM unakA AhAra-nihAra mAnate hue bhI use carma cakSuoM se agocara mAna liyA thA, isa kalpanA meM kundakunda usase eka kadama Age nikala gaye / kevalI meM atizayoM kI kalpanA jaba aura adhika vikasita huI to unameM rogAdi kA abhAva ke sAtha-sAtha aura unakA zarIra - hAr3a, mAMsa, rudhira, mala-mUtra Adi azuciyoM se rahita parama audArika mAna liyA gayA; phalataH umAsvAti ne kevalI meM jo gyAraha parISaha mAne the, usameM bAdhA pratIta hone lagI / ataH tattvArthasUtra kI 7vIM8vIM zatI meM likhI gaI digambara TIkAoM meM kevalI meM gyAraha parISaha kA abhAva dikhAne hetu pUjyapAda, akalaMka evaM vidyAnandi dvArA tarka diye gaye / inakA pratyuttara to yApanIya AcAryoM ne diyA hogA, kintu isa sambandha meM unakI koI kRti Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / jayadhavalA TIkA ( 9vIM zatI) se aisA lagatA hai ki jayadhavalAkAra ne apane yuga ke yApanIya AcAryoM ke tarkoM kA hI uttara diyA hai - isake pazcAt lagabhaga 10vIM zatI meM yApanIya AcArya pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana ne ina sabakA uttara dene hetu kevalI bhukti prakaraNa nAmaka eka svataMtra grantha likhA / gyArahavIM zatI ke lagabhaga racita prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra evaM kundakunda ke granthoM kI TIkAoM meM jahA~ digambara AcAryoM ne zAkaTAyana ke kevalI bhukti prakaraNa kA khaNDana kiyA, vahA~ zvetAmbara 1. puNya dhruvaM svato duHkhAtpApaM ca sukha to yadi / vItarAgo munividvAMstAbhyAM yujjyarAnnimittataH // -AptamImAMsA 3 / 93

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430 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya AcAryoM ne usakA anusaraNa karate hue kevalI bhukti kA sarmathana kiyaa| zAkaTAyana ke pazcAt kisI yApanIya AcArya ne isa sambandha meM kucha likhA ho, aisA jJAta nahIM hotA hai / jJAtavya hai lagabhaga 10vIM zatI taka yaha samasyA yApanIyoM aura digambaroM ke bIca vivAda kA viSaya rahIisake pazcAt yaha samasyA zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke bIca bhI vivAda kA mukhya muddA bana gayI aura donoM paramparAoM meM isake khaNDana-maNDana hetu vipula lekhana huA, jisakI carcA prastuta prasaMga meM apekSita nahIM hai /

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna nirgrantha paramparA meM sacelakatva aura acelakalva kA prazna ati prAcInakAla se hI vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| jainoM ke vartamAna meM jo zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya haiM, unake bIca bhI vivAda kA pramukha bindu yahI hai / pahale bhI isI vivAda ke kAraNa uttara bhArata kA nigrantha saMgha vibhAjita huA thA aura yApanIya sampradAya astitva meM AyA thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM isI vivAda ke kAraNa jainoM meM vibhinna sampradAya arthAt zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya nirmita hue haiN| yaha samasyA mUlataH muni-AcAra se hI sambandhita hai, kyoMki gRhastha upAsaka, upAsikAe~ aura sAdhviyA~ to tInoM hI sampradAyoM meM sacela ( savastra ) hI mAnI gayI haiN| __ muni ke sambandha meM digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki mAtra acela ( nagna ) hI muni pada kA adhikArI hai| jisake pAsa vastra hai, cAhe vaha laMgoTI mAtra hI kyoM na ho, vaha muni nahIM ho sakatA hai|' isake viparIta zvetAmbaroM kA kahanA hai ki muni acela (nagna ) bhI hotA hai aura sacela (savastra) bhii| sAtha hI ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki vartamAnakAla kI paristhitiyAM aisI haiM jisameM muni kA acela ( nagna ) rahanA ucita nahIM hai / ina donoM paramparAoM se bhinna yApanIyoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki acelatA hI zreSTha mArga hai, kintu ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM muni vastra rakha sakatA hai| isa prakAra jahA~ digambara paramparA ekAntarUpa se acelakatva ko hI muni-mArga yA mokSa-mArga mAnatI hai, vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA vartamAna meM jinakalpa ( acela-mArga) kA uccheda dikhAkara sacelatA para hI bala detI hai| yApanIya paramparA kA dRSTikoNa ina donoM ativAditAoM ke madhya samanvaya karatA hai / vaha mAnatI hai ki sAmAnyatayA to muni ko acela yA nagna hI rahanA cAhiye, kyoMki vastra 1. NiccelamANipattaM uvaiTTha paramajiNa variMdehi / ekko vi mokkhamaggo sesA ya amaggayA savve // sUtraprAbhRta-10 2. (a) egayAJcelae hoi sacele yAvi egyaa| uttarAdhyayana-2/13 3. ussaggiyaliMgakadassa liMgamussaggiyaM tayaM ceva / avavAdiyaliMgassa vi pasatthamuvasaggiyaM liMga // bhagavatImArAdhanA-76.

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432 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya bhI parigraha hI hai, kintu ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vastra rakhA jA sakatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM acelakatva ( nagnatva) utsarga mArga hai aura sacelakatva apavAda mArga hai| prastuta paricarcA meM sarvaprathama hama isa vivAda ko isake aitihAsika pariprekSya meM dekhane kA prayatna kareMge, ki yaha vivAda kyoM, kaise aura kina paristhitiyoM meM utpanna huA ? prastuta adhyayana ko srota sAmagrI isa prazna para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karane hetu hamAre pAsa jo prAcIna srota sAmagrI upalabdha hai, unameM prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI Agama, pAlitripiTaka aura mathurA se prApta prAcIna jina-pratimAoM kI pAda-pITha para aMkita muni-pratimAe~ hI mukhya haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura dazavakAlika hI aise grantha haiM jinheM isa carcA kA AdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki prathama to ye prAcIna ( I. pU. ke ) haiM aura dUsare inameM hameM sampradAyAtIta dRSTikoNa upalabdha hotA hai| aneka pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI inakI prAcInatA evaM sampradAya-nirapekSatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| zaurasenI Agama sAhitya meM kasAyapAhaDa hI eka mAtra aisA grantha hai, jo apekSAkRta prAcIna stara kA hai, kintu durbhAgya se isameM vastrapAtra sambandhI koI bhI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| zeSa zaurasenI Agama granthoM meM bhagavatIArAdhanA, mulAcAra aura SaTakhaNDAgama mUlataH yApanIya paramparA ke haiN| sAtha hI guNasthAna-siddhAnta Adi kI paravartI avadhAraNAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa ye grantha vikrama kI chaThIM zatI ke pUrva ke nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM, phira bhI prastuta carcA meM inakA upayoga isaliye Avazyaka hai ki acela pakSa ko prastuta karane ke lie inake atirikta anya koI prAcIna srota sAmagrI hameM upalabdha nahIM hai / jahA~ taka kundakunda ke granthoM kA prazna hai, unameM suttapAhuDa evaM liMgapAhuDa ko chor3akara yaha carcA anyatra kahIM nahIM milatI hai| ye grantha bhI chaThI zatI ke pUrva ke nahIM haiN| durbhAgya yaha hai ki acela paramparA ke pAsa sacelakatva aura acelakatva kI isa paricarcA ke liye chaThI zatI ke pUrva kI koI bhI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| jahA~ taka anya paramparAoM ke prAcIna srotoM kA prazna hai, vedoM meM nagna zramaNoM yA vAlyoM ke ullekha to milate haiM, kintu ve spaSTataH nirgrantha

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 433 (jaina) paramparA ke haiM-yaha kahanA kaThina hai| yadyapi aneka hindU purANoM meM nagna jaina zramaNoM ke ullekha haiM, kintu adhikAMza hindU purANa to vikrama kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI yA usake bhI bAda ke haiM ataH unameM upalabdha sAkSya adhika mahattva ke nahIM haiM / dUsare unameM savastra aura nirvastra donoM prakAra ke jaina muniyoM ke ullekha mila jAte haiM, ataH unheM isa paricarcA kA bhAdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| ___isa dRSTi se pAlitripiTaka ke ullekha adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM aura kisI sImA taka satya ke nikaTa bhI pratIta hote haiM / isa paricarcA ke hetu jo AdhArabhUta prAmANika sAmagrI hameM upalabdha hotI hai, vaha hai mathurA se upalabdha prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ aura unake abhilekha / prathama to yaha saba sAmagrI IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI kI hai| dUsare isameM kisI bhI prakAra ke prakSepa Adi kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM hai| ataH yaha prAcIna bhI hai aura prAmANika bhI kyoMki isakI puSTi anya sAhityika srotoM se bhI ho jAtI hai / ataH isa paricarcA meM hamane sarvAdhika upayoga isI sAmagrI kA kiyA hai| mahAvIra ke pUrva nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra kI sthiti jaina anuzruti ke anusAra isa avasarpiNIkAla meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrva tevIsa tIrthakara ho cuke the| ataH prathama vivecya bindu to yahI hai ki acelatA ke sambandha meM ina pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM kI kyA mAnyatAe~ thIM? yadyapi sampradAya bheda sthira ho jAne ke pazcAt nirmita granthoM meM jahA~ digambara grantha eka mata se yaha udghoSa karate haiM ki sabhI jina acela hokara hI dIkSita hote haiM , vahA~ zvetAmbara grantha yaha kahate haiM ki sabhI jina eka deva-duSya vastra lekara hI dIkSita hote haiM / 2 merI dRSTi meM ye 1. Navi sijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jaiyi hoi titthyro| Namgo vimokkha maggo sesAubhmaggayA sanve / / sUtraprAbhRta, 23 / 2. (a) se bemi je ya aIyA je ya paDuppannA je ya AgamessA arahaMtA bhagavanto je ya pavvayanti je una pavvaissanti samve te sovahI dhammo desiavvotti kaTu tithyadhammathAe esA'Nudhammigati evaM devasUsamAyAe pavvahaMsu vA pavvayaMti vA pavvaisanti va / AcArAMga, 1/9/1-1 (zIlAMka TIkA ) bhAga 1, pR0 273, zrI siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, sUrata-1935 / / (ba) sanve'vi egadUseNa niggayA jinavarA cauvIsaM / Avazyakaniyukhti, 227, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA-lAkhAvAvala zAMtipurI ( saurASTra ), 1989 / 36 tional

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434 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya donoM hI dRSTikoNa sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se yukta haiM / zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA ke apekSAkRta prAcIna stara ke granthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha milatA hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha aura antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI AcAra vyavasthA madhyavartI bAvIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI AcAra vyavasthA se bhinna thii|' yApanIya grantha mulAcAra pratikramaNa Adi ke sandarbha meM unakI isa bhinnatA kA to ullekha karatA hai kintu madhyavartI tIrthaMkara sacela dharma ke pratipAdaka the, yaha nahIM kahatA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara Agama uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha bhI ullekha hai ki antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne acela dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA, jabaki tevIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ne rAceladharma kA pratipAdana kiyA thaa| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki bRhatkalpabhASya meM prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara ko acela dharma kA aura madhyavartI bAvIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko sacela-acela dharma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai / yadyapi uttarAdhyayana spaSTatayA pAzva ke dharma ko "sacela" athavA sAMtarottara hI kahatA hai, sacela-acela nhiiN| madhyavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana meM bhI acela muni hote the-bRhatkalpabhASya ko yaha svIkArokti usakI sampradAya nirapekSatA kI hI sUcaka hai| yadyapi digambara aura yApanIya paramparA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM evaM Agamika vyAkhyAoM ke ina kathanoM ko mAnya nahIM karate haiM, kintu hameM zvetAmbara AgamoM ke ina kathanoM meM satyatA parilakSita hotI hai, kyoMki anya aitihAsika srotoM se bhI ina kathanoM kI bahuta kucha puSTi ho jAtI hai| yahA~ hamArA uddezya sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM se Upara uThakara mAtra prAcIna aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para hI isa samasyA para vicAra karanA hai| ataH isa paricarcA meM hama paravartI arthAt sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke dRDhIbhUta hone ke bAda ke granthoM ko AdhAra nahIM banA rahe haiN| ____mahAvIra se pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM meM mAtra RSabha, ariSTanemi aura pArzva ke kathAnaka hI aise haiM, jo aitihAsika mahattva ke haiN| yadyapi inameM bhI 1. (a) Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA-1258 / (ba) vahI, gAthA-1260 / 2. acelago ya jo dhammo jo imosNtruttro| desio vaddhamANeNa pAseNa ya mahAjasA // uttarAdhyayana, 23/29 3. vahI, 23/24 /

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 435 RSabha aura ariSTanemi prAgaitihAsika kAla ke haiN| vedoM meM inake nAmoM ke ullekhoM ke atirikta hameM inake sambandha meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM milatI / vedoM meM ye nAma bhI kisa sandarbha meM prayukta hue haiM aura kisake vAcaka haiM, ye tathya Aja bhI vivAdAspada hI haiN| ina donoM ke jIvana vRtta ke sambandha meM jaina evaM jainetara srotoM se jo bhI sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai vaha IsA kI prathama zatI ke pUrva kI nahIM hai| vedoM evaM brAhmaNa-granthoM meM vrAtyoM evaM vAtarazanA muniyoM ke jo ullekha haiM,' unase itanA to avazya phalita hotA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla meM nagna athavA malina evaM jIrNavastra dhAraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kI eka paramparA avazya thii| sindhughATI-sabhyatA kI mohanajodar3o evaM har3appA se jo nagna yogiyoM ke aMkana vAlI soleM prApta hai haiM unase bhI isa tathya kI hI puSTi hotI hai ki nagna evaM malina vastra dhAraNa karane vAle zramaNoM/yogiyoM vrAtyoM kI eka paramparA prAcIna bhArata meM astittva rakhatI thii| usa paramparA ke agra-puruSa ke rUpa meM RSabha yA ziva ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki ina sIloM meM usa yogI ko mukuTa aura AbhUSaNoM se yukta darzAyA gayA hai jisase usake nagna nirgranthamuni hone ke sambandha meM bAdhA AtI hai / yadyapi ye aMkana zvetAmbara tIrthakara mUrtiyoM se AMzika sAmyatA rakhate haiM, kyoMki ve apanI mUrtiyoM ko AbhUSaNa pahanAte haiN| RSabha kA acela dharma prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana meM RSabha ke nAma kA ullekha mAtra hai unake jIvana ke sandarbha meM koI vivaraNa nahIM hai| isase apekSAkRta paravartI kalpasatra evaM jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM hI sarvaprathama unakA jIvanavRtta milatA hai, phira bhI inameM unakI sAdhanA evaM AcAravyavasthA kA koI vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM hai| paravartI zvetAmbara, digambara granthoM meM aura unake atirikta hinda-purANoM tathA vizeSa rUpa se bhAgavata meM RSabhadeva ke dvArA acelakatva ke AcaraNa ke jo ullekha milate haiM, 1. munayo vAtarazanA pizaGgA vasate malAH / bAtasyAnu dhrAjima yanti yadadevAso avikSat / / Rgveda, 10/136/2 2. Rgveda meM arhat aura RSabhavAcI RcAe : eka adhyayana, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, saMskRti saMdhAna-Vol. VI, pR0 22 rASTrIya mAnava saMskRti zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-1993, / /

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436 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya una sabake AdhAra para yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki RSabhadeva acela paramparA ke poSaka rahe hoMge / " RSabha acela dharma ke pravartaka the, yaha mAnane meM sacela zvetAmbara paramparA ko bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai kyoMki usakI bhI mAnyatA yahI hai ki RSabha aura mahAvIra donoM hI acela dharma ke sampoSaka the / 2 RSabha ke pazcAt aura ariSTanemi ke pUrva madhya ke 20 tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanavRtta evaM AcAra-vicAra ke sambandha meM chaThI zatI ke pUrva arthAt sampradAyoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva kI koI bhI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai / mAtra ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM samavAyAMga meM aura zaurasenI Agama-tulya grantha tiloyapaNatti meM nAma, mAtA-pitA, janma-nagara Adi sambandhI chiTapuTa sUcanAe~ haiM, jo prastuta carcA kI dRSTi se upayogI nahIM hai / isa prakAra madhyavartI bAvIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se mAtra bAvIsaveM ariSTanemi evaM tevIsaveM pArzva hI aise haiM jinase sambandhita sUcanAe~ uttarA-dhyayana ke kramazaH bAvIsaveM evaM tevIsaveM adhyAya meM milatI hai, kintu unameM bho bAvIsaveM adhyAya meM ariSTanemi kI AcAra vyavasthA kA aura vizeSa rUpa se vastra grahaNa sambandhI paramparA kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai / uttarAdhyayana ke bAvIsaveM adhyAya meM rAjImati ke dvArA guphA meM varSA ke kAraNa bhIgA huA apanA vastra sukhAne kA ullekha hone se kevala eka hI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki ariSTanemi kI paramparA meM sAdhviyAM savastra hotI thiiN| 3 usa guphA meM sAdhanA meM sthita rathanemi savastra the yA nirvastra the, aisA koI spaSTa saMketa isameM nahIM hai / ataH vastra sambandhI vivAda meM kevala pArzva evaM mahAvIra ina do aitihAsika kAla ke tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM hI jo kucha sAkSya upalabdha hote haiM, unake AdhAra para hI carcA kI jA sakatI hai / pArzva kA sacela dharma pArzva ke sambandha meM jo sUcanAe~ hameM upalabdha haiM unameM bhI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se RSibhASita ( lagabhaga I0 pU0 cauthI - pA~cavIM zatI), sUtra 1. zrImadbhAgavata, 2/7/10 1 2. ( a ) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23 / 26 / (ba) yathoktam purima pacchimANaM arahaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM acelaye pasatthe bhavai / uttarAdhyayana, nemicanda kI TIkA 2/13, zrI Atmavallabha, graMthAMka-22, bAlApura - 1937, pR0 22 meM uddhRta 1 3. uttarAdhyayana, 22 / 33-34 /

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 437 kRtAMga ( lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatI ), uttarAdhyayana ( I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI), AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha (I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI) evaM bhagavatI ( I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI se lekara IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka ) ke ullekha mahattvapUrNa haiN| inameM bhI RSibhASita aura sUtrakRtAMga meM pArzva kI vastra sambandhI mAnyatAoM kI spaSTa jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| uttarAdhyayana kA tevIsavA~ adhyayana hI eka mAtra aisA AdhAra hai jisameM mahAvIra ke dharma ko acela evaM pAzrva ke dharma ko sacela yA sAntarottara kahA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki vastra ke sambandha meM mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparAe~ bhinna thiiN| uttarAdhyayana kI prAcInatA nirvivAda hai aura usake kathana ko apramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / punaH niyukti, bhASya Adi paravartI Agamika vyAkhyAoM se bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hoto hai| ataH isa kathana kI satyatA meM sandeha karane kA koI sthAna zeSa nahIM rahatA hai| kintu pArzva kI paramparA ke dvArA mAnya "saMtaruttara" zabda kA kyA artha hai-yaha vicAraNIya hai| saMtaruttara zabda kA artha paravartI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne viziSTa, raMgIna evaM bahumUlya vastra kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM nemicandra likhate hai-sAntara arthAt vardhamAna svAmI kI apekSA parimANa aura varNa meM viziSTa tathA uttara arthAt mahAmUlyavAna hone se pradhAna, aise vastra jisa paramparA meM dhAraNa kiye jAveM vaha dharma sAntarottara hai| kintu sAntarottara ( saMtaruttara) zabda kA yaha artha samucita nahIM hai| vastutaH jaba zvetAmbara AcArya acela kA artha kutsitacela yA alpacela karane lage, to yaha svAbhAvika thA ki sAMtarottara kA artha viziSTa, mahAmUlyavAna raMgIna vastra kiyA jAya, tAki acela ke paravartI artha meM aura saMtaruttara ke artha meM kisI 1. vahI, 23/29 / 2. "jo imo" tti pazcAyaM sAntarANi vardhamAnasvAmiyatyapekSayA mAnavarNa vizeSataH savizeSANi uttarANi-mahAmUlyatayA pradhAnAni prakramAd vastrANi yasminnasau sAntarottaro dharmaH pAi~na dezita itIhA'pyapekSyate / uttarAdhyayana, nemicanda kRta sukhabodhAvRtti sahita 23/12 pR0 295, bAlA pura, vIra saM0 2463 / 3. parisuddha juNNaM kucchita thovANNiyata DaNNa bhoga bhogehi / muNayo mucchArahitA saMtehi acelayA hoMti // vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 3082, saMpAdaka-dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, lAlabhAI, dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda, 1968 /

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438 : jainadharmaM kA yApanIya sampradAya prakAra se saMgati sthApita kI jA sake / kintu saMtaruttara kA yaha artha zAbdika vyutpatti kI dRSTi se ucita nahIM hai / isase ina TIkAkAroM kI apanI sAmpradAyika mAnasikatA hI prakaTa hotI hai| saMtaruttara ke ke vAstavika artha ko AcArya zIlAMka ne apanI AcArAMga TIkA meM spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki saMtaruttara zabda uttarAdhyayana ke atirikta AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM bhI AyA hai / AcArAMga meM isa zabda kA prayoga una nirgrantha muniyoM ke sandarbha meM huA hai, jo do vastra rakhate the / usameM tIna vastra rakhane vAle muniyoM ke lie kahA gayA hai ki hemanta ke bIta jAne para evaM grISma Rtu ke A jAne para yadi kisI bhikSu ke vastra jINaM ho gaye hoM to vaha unheM sthApita kara de arthAt chor3a de aura sAMtarottara ( saMtaruttara ) athavA alpacela ( omacela ) athavA ekazATaka athavA acelaka ho jAye / yahA~ saMtaruttara kI TIkA karate hue zIlAMka kahate haiM ki antara sahita hai uttarIya ( or3hanA ) jisakA, arthAt jo vastra kI AvazyakatA hone para kabhI or3ha letA hai aura kabhI pAsa meM rakha letA hai / paM0 kailAzacandvajI ne saMtaruttara kI zIlAMka kI uparokta vyAkhyA se yaha pratiphalita karanA cAhA ki pArzva ke paramparA ke sAdhu rahate to nagna hI the, kintu pAsa meM vastra rakhate the, jise AvazyakatA hone para or3ha lete the / kintu paNDitajI kI yaha vyAkhyA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki 1. ahapuNa evaM jANijjA - uvAikkate khalu hemaMte gimheM paDivanne ahAparijunnAI vatthAiM pariTThavijjA, aduvA saMtaruttare aduvA omacele aduvA egasADe aduvA acele / apagate zIte vastrANi tyAjyAni athavA kSetrAdiguNAddhimakaNini vAte vAti satyAtmaparitulanArthaM zItaparokSArthaM ca sAntarottaro bhavet -- sAntaramuttaraM - prAvaraNIyaM yasya sa tathA kvacitprAvRNoti kvacitpAbirbhAta, zItAzaGkayA nAdyApi parityajati athavA'vamacela ekakalpaparityAgAt, dvi kalpadhArItyarthaH athavA zanaiH-zanaiH zIte'pagacchati sati dvitIyamapi kalpaM parityajet tat ekazATakaH saMvRttaH athavA''tyantikezItA - bhAve tadapi parityajedato'celo bhavati / 2. dekheM uparokta / 3. dekheM uparokta / 4. dekheM uparokta / 5. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( pUrvapIThikA), zrI gaNeza - prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2489, pR0 399 /

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 439 saMtaruttara se nagnatA kiso bho prakAra phalita nahIM hotI hai| vastutaH saMtaruttara zabda kA prayoga AcArAMga meM tIna vastra rakhane vAle sAdhuoM ke sandarbha meM haA hai aura unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA ki grISma Rtu ke Ane para ve eka jIrNa-vastra ko chor3akara saMtaruttara arthAt do vastra dhAraNa karane vAle ho jaayeN| ataH saMtaruttara hone kA artha antaravAsaka aura uttaroya aise do vastra rakhanA hai| antaravastra Ajakala kA Under wear arthAt guhyAMga ko Dhakane vAlA vastra hai| uttarIya zarIra ke Upara ke bhAga ko Dhakane vAlA vastra hai| "saMtaruttara" ko zIlAMka kI yaha vyAkhyA bhI hameM yahI batAtI hai ki uttaroya kabho or3ha liyA jAtA thA aura kabhI pAsa meM rakha liyA jAtA thA, kyoMki garmI meM sadaiva uttarIya or3hA nahIM jAtA thaa| ataH saMtaruttara kA artha kabhI sacela ho jAnA aura kabhI vastra ko pAsa meM rakhakara acela ho jAnA nahIM hai| yadi saMtaruttara hone kA artha kabhI sacela aura kabhI acela ( nagna ) hAnA hotA to phira alpacela aura ekazATaka hone ko carcA iso prasaMga meM nahIM kI jaatii| tIna vastradhArI sAdhu eka jIrNa-vastra kA tyAga karane para saMtaruttara hotA hai| eka jIrNa-vastra kA tyAga aura dUsare jIrNa-vastra ke jIrNa bhAga ko nikAlakara alpa AkAra kA banAkara rakhane para alpacela, donoM jIrNa vastroM kA tyAga karane para acela hotA hai| vastutaH Aja bhI digambara paramparA kA kSullaka sAntarottara hai aura ailaka ekazATaka aura muni nagna ( acela ) hotA hai| ataH pArzva ko sacela sAntarottara paramparA meM muni do vastra rakhate the--adhovastra aura uttarIya / uttaroya AvazyakatAnusAra zItakAla Adi meM or3ha liyA jAtA thA aura grISmakAla meM alaga rakha diyA jAtA thaa| AcArAMga ke naveM upadhAnazruta nAmaka adhyAya meM mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta varNita hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIra kI jIvana-gAthA ke sambandha meM isase prAcIna evaM prAmANika anya koI sandarbha hameM upalabdha nahIM hai| AcArAMga-dvitIya zrutaskandha, kalpasUtra, bhagavatI aura bAda ke sabhI mahAvIra ke jIvana-caritra sambandho grantha isase paravartI haiM aura unameM mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sAtha jur3I alaukikatAe~ yahI siddha karatI haiM ki ve mahAvIra kI jIvana gAthA kA atiraMjita citra hI upasthita karate haiN| isalie mahAvora ke jIvana ke sambandha meM jo bho tathya hameM upalabdha hai, be prAmANika rUpa meM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke iso upadhAnazruta meM upalabdha hai| isameM mahAvIra ke dIkSita hone kA jo vivaraNa hai usame

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440 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ve eka vastra lekara dIkSita hue the aura lagabhaga eka varSa ke kucha adhika samaya ke pazcAt unhoMne usa vastra kA parityAga kara diyA aura pUrNataH acela ho gaye / " mahAvIra ke jIvana kI yaha ghaTanA hI vastra ke sambandha meM sampUrNa jaina paramparA ke dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa kara detI hai / isakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA kA prArambha sacelatA se kiyA, kintu kucha hI samaya pazcAt unhoMne pUrNa acelatA ko hI apanA Adarza mAnA / paravartI Agama granthoM meM evaM unakI vyAkhyAoM meM mahAvIra ke eka varSa pazcAt vastra tyAga karane ke sandarbha meM aneka pravAda yA mAnyatAyeM pracalita haiM / yApanIya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA aura zvetAmbara Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM ina pravAdoM yA mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hai / yahA~ hama una pravAdoM meM na jAkara kevala 1. No cevimeNa vattheNa taMsi hemaMte / se pArae AvakahAe eyaM khu aNudhammiyaM tassa / saMvaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsaM jaM Na rikkAsi vatthagaM bhagavaM / acelae tato cAI taM vosajja vatthamaNagAre // AyAro, 1 / 9 / 1 / 2 evaM 3 2. ( a ) yacca bhAvanAyAmuktaM -- varisaM cIvaradhArI teNa paramacelago jiNottitaduktaM vipratipatti bahulatvAt kecidvadanti tasminneva dine tadvastra vIra jinasya vilambanakAriNA gRhItamiti / anye SaNmAsAcchinnaM tatkaNTaka zAkhAdibhiriti / sAdhikena varSeNa tadvastra N khaNDalaka brAhmaNena gRhItamiti kecitkathayanti / kecid vAtena patitamupekSitaM jineneti / apare vadanti vilambanakAriNA jinasya skandhe tadAropitamiti / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, saM0 paM0 kailAzacandrajI, bhAga 1, pR0 325 - 326 / (ba) tacca suvarNavAlukAnadIpUrAhRta kaNTakAva lagnaM dhigjAtinA gRhItamiti / AcArAMga zIlAMkavRtti, 119/1144-45 kI vRtti / ( sa ) tahAvi suvaNNabAlugAnadIpUre avahite kaMTarAlaggaM / kimiti vuccati ciradhariyattA sahasA va lajjatA thaMDile cutaM Na vitti vippeNa keNati diTTha AcArAMgacUrNa, RSabhadeva kesarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, pR0 300 / (da) sAmI davikhaNa vAcAlAo uttaravAcAlaM vaccati, tattha suvvaNNakulAe vuliNe taM vatthaM kaMTiyAe laggaM tAhe taM thitaM sAmI gato puNo ya avaloitaM, ki nimittaM ? ketI bhAMti - jahA mamattIe anne bhagati mA atthaMDile paDitaM, avaloitaM sulabha vatthaM pattaM sissANaM bhavissati ? taM ca

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 441 itanA hI batA denA paryApta samajhate haiM ki prArambha meM mahAvIra ne vastra liyA thA aura bAda meM vastra kA parityAga kara diyaa| vaha vastra tyAga kisa rUpa meM huA yaha adhika mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| yadi hama mahAvIra ke samakAlIna anya zramaNa paramparAoM kI vastragrahaNa sambandhI avadhAraNAoM para vicAra kareM to hameM jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM savastra aura nirvastra donoM prakAra kI zramaNa paramparAe~ pracalita thiiN| unameM se pArzva ke sambandha meM uttarAdhyayana aura usake paravartI sAhitya meM jo kucha sUcanAe~ upalabdha haiM, una sabameM eka mata se pArzva kI paramparA, savastra paramparA siddha hotI hai| svayaM uttarAdhyayana kA 23vA~ adhyayana isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki pArzva kI paramparA sacela paramparA thii| isI prakAra bauddha paramparA bhI sacela thii| dUsarI ora AjIvaka sampradAya pUrNataH acelatA kA pratipAdaka thaa| yaha sambhava hai ki mahAvIra ne apane vaMzAnugata pApityIya paramparA ke prabhAva se eka vastra grahaNa karake apanI sAdhanA yAtrA prArambha kI ho / kalpasUtra meM unake dIkSita hote samaya AbhUSaNa tyAga kA ullekha hai vastra tyAga kA ullekha nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra uttara-bihAra ke vaizAlI janapada meM zIta-Rtu ke prathama mAsa (mArgazIrSa) meM dIkSita hue the| usa kSetra kI bhayaMkara sardI ko dhyAna meM rakhakara parivAra ke logoM ke ati-Agraha ke kAraNa sambhavataH mahAvIra ne dIkSita hote samaya eka vastra svIkAra kiyA ho| merI dRSTi meM isameM bhI pArivArika Agraha hI pramukha kAraNa rahA hogaa| mahAvIra ne sadaiva hI parivAra ke variSThajanoM ko sammAna diyaa| yahI kAraNa rahA ki mAtA-pitA ke jIvita rahate unhoMne pravrajyA nahIM lii| punaH bar3e bhAI ke Agraha se do varSa aura gRhasthAvasthA meM rhe| sambhavataH zIta Rtu meM dIkSita hote samaya bhAI yA parijanoM ke Agraha se unhoMne vaha eka vastra liyA ho| sambhava hai vidAI kI usa velA meM parijanoM ke isa choTe se Agraha ko ThukarAnA unheM ucita na lagA ho| kintu usake bAda unhoMne kaThora sAdhanA kA nirNaya lekara usa vastra kA upayoga bhagavatA ya terasamAse ahAbhAveNaM dhAriyaM tato vosariyaM pacchA acelate / taM eteNa pituvaMtasa dhijjAtiteNa gahitaM / AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR0 276 / ___ isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki unake vastratyAga ke sambandha meM jo vibhinna pravAda pracalita the-unakA ullekha na kevala yApanIya apitu zvetAmbara AcArya bhI kara rahe the|

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442 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya zarIrAdi Dhakane ke lie nahIM karU~gA, aisA nizcaya kiyA aura dUsare varSa ke zItakAla kI samApti para unhoMne usa vastra kA bhI parityAga kara diyA / AcArAMga se ina sabhI tathyoM ko puSTi hotI hai| usake pazcAt ve AjIvana acela ho rahe, isa tathya ko svokAra karane meM zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara tInoM meM se kisI ko bhI koI vipratipatti nahIM hai| tInoM hI paramparAe~ eka mata se yaha bhI svIkAra karatI haiM ki mahAvIra acela dharma ke ho pratipAlaka aura pravaktA the| mahAvIra kA sacela dIkSita hAnA bhI svecchika nahIM thA-vastra unhoMne liyA nahIM, apitu unake kaMdhe para DAla diyA gayA thaa| yApanIya AcArya aparAjitasUri ne isa pravAda kA ullekha kiyA hai-ve kahate haiM ki yaha to upasarga huA siddhAnta nahIM / AcArAMga meM unake vastra grahaNa ko "anudharma" kahA gayA hai-arthAt yaha paramparA kA anupAlana mAtra thA, ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne mAtra apano kula paramparA arthAt pAvapitya paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA ho / zvetAmbara AcArya usakI vyAkhyA meM indra dvArA pradatta devaduSya vastra grahaNa karane kI bAta kahate haiM / yaha mAtra paramparAgata vizvAsa hai, usa sambandha meM koI prAcIna ullekha nahIM hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA upadhAnazruta mAtra vastra grahaNa kI bAta kahatA hai| vaha vastra indra dvArA pradatta devaduSya thA, aisA ullekha nahIM krtaa| mero dRSTi meM isa "anudharma" meM "anu' zabda kA artha vahI hai jo aNuvrata meM "anu" zabda kA hai arthAt AMzika tyAga / vastutaH mahAvIra kA lakSya to pUrNa acelatA thA, kintu prArambha meM uhone vastra kA AMzika tyAga ho kiyA thA / jaba eka varSa kI sAdhanA se unheM yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki ve apanI kAma-vAsanA para pUrNa vijaya prApta kara cuke haiM aura do zItakAloM ke vyatIta ho jAne se yaha anubhava ho gayA ki unakA zarIra usa zIta ko sahane meM pUrNa samartha hai, to unhoMne vastra kA pUrNa tyAga kara diyaa| jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra ne dIkSita hote samaya mAtra sAmAyika cAritra ho liyA thA-mahAvratoM kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| zvetAmbara AgamoM kA kathana hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkara eka devaduSya lekara sAmAyika cAritra kI pratijJA se hI dokSita hote haiM / 2 yaha isI tathya ko puSTa 1. AcArAMga zIlAMkavRtti, 119.1 / 1-4, pR0 273 ! 2. (a) savvevi egadUseNa, niggayA jiNavarA ca uvvIsaM / na ya nAma aNNa liMge no gihiliMge kuliMge vA mAvazyakaniyukti, 227

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 443 karatA hai ki sAmAyika cAritra se dIkSita hote samaya eka vastra grahaNa karane kI paramparA rahI hogii| niSkarSa yaha hai ki mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA prArambha sacelatA se huA kintu usakI pariniSpatti acelatA meM huI / mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM sacelatA aNudharma thA aura acelatA mukhya dharma thaa| mahAvIra dvArA vastra grahaNa karane meM unake kUla-dharma arthAta pApitya paramparA kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai kintu pUrNa acelatA kA unakA nirNaya yA to svataH sphUrta thA yA phira AjIvaka paramparA kA prabhAva / yaha satya hai ki mahAvIra pApitya paramparA se prabhAvita rahe haiM aura unhoMne pApitya paramparA ke dArzanika siddhAntoM ko grahaNa bhI kiyA hai, kintu vaicArika dRSTi se pApityoM ke nikaTa hote hue bhI AcAra kI dRSTi se ve unase saMtuSTa nahIM the| pArvApatyoM ke zithilAcAra ke ullekha aura usakI samAlocanA jainadharma kI sacela aura acela donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya meM milatI hai|' yahI kAraNa thA ki mahAvIra ne pArvApatyoM ko AcAra vyavasthA meM vyApaka sudhAra kiye| sambhava hai ki acelatA ke sambandha meM ve AjIvakoM se prabhAvita hue hoN| harmana jaikobI Adi pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI isa sandarbha meM mahAvIra para AjIvakoM kA prabhAva hone kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| hamAre kucha digambara vidvAn yaha mata rakhate haiM ki mahAvIra kI acelatA se prabhAvita hokara AjIvakoM ne acelatA | nagnatA nagnatA ko svIkAra kiyA, kintu yaha unakI bhrAnti hai aura aitihAsika dRSTi se satya nahIM hai| cAhe gozAlaka mahAvIra ke ziSya ke rUpa meM unake sAtha lagabhaga chaH varSa taka rahA ho, kintu na to gozAlaka se prabhAvita hokara mahAvIra nagna hue aura na mahAvIra kI nagnatA kA prabhAva gozAlaka ke mAdhyama se AjIvakoM para hI par3A, kyoMki gozAlaka mahAvIra ke pAsa unake dUsare nAlandA cAturmAsa ke madhya pahu~cA thA, jabaki mahAvIra (ba) bAvIsaM titthayarA samAiyasaMjama uva isati / cheovaTThAvaNayaM puNa vayaMti usabho ya vIro ya / ___ Avazyakaniyukti, 1260 1. ( a ) evamege u pAsatthA / sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 3 / 4 / 9 ( ba ) pAsatthAdIpaNayaM NiccaM bajjeha savvadhA tumheM / haMdi hu melaNadoseNa hoi purisassa tammayadA / -bhagavatIArAdhanA, 341

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444 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya usake ATha mAsa pUrva hI acela ho cuke the| dUsare yaha ki AjIvakoM kI paramparA gozAlaka ke pUrva bhI astitva meM thI, gozAlaka AjIvaka paramparA kA pravartaka nahIM thaa| na kevala bhagavatIsUtra meM, apitu pAlitripiTaka meM bhI gozAlaka ke pUrva hue AjIvaka sampradAya ke AcAryoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| yadi AjIvaka sampradAya mahAvIra ke pUrva astitva meM thA, to isa sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usakI acelatA Adi kucha AcAra paramparAoM ne mahAvIra ko prabhAvita kiyA ho| ataH pAzrvApatya paramparA ke prabhAva se mahAvIra ke dvArA vastra kA grahaNa karanA aura Ajovaka paramparA ke prabhAva se vastra kA parityAga karanA mAtra kAlpanika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| usake pIche aitihAsika evaM manovaijJAnika AdhAra hai| mahAvIra kA darzana pAvA patyoM se aura AcAra AjovakoM se prabhAvita rahA hai| jahA~ taka mahAvIra kI ziSya paramparA kA prazna hai yadi gozAlaka ko mahAvIra kA ziSya mAnA jAya, to vaha acela rUpa meM hI mahAvIra ke pAsa AyA thA aura acela hI rahA / jahA~ taka gautama Adi gaNadharoM aura mahAvIra ke anya prArambhika ziSyoM kA prazna hai mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne jinakalpa arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIra kI acelatA ko hI svIkAra kiyA hogA, kyoMki yadi gaNadhara gautama sacela hote yA sacela paramparA ke poSaka hote to zrAvastI meM huI paricarcA meM kezI unase sacelatA aura acelatA ke sambandha meM koI prazna hI nahIM krte| ataH zrAvastI meM huI isa paricarcA ke pUrva mahAvIra kA muni saMgha pUrNataH acela hI rahA hogaa| usameM vastra kA praveza kramazaH kinhIM vizeSa paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para hI huA hogA / mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sacelatA ke praveza ke nimna kAraNa sambhAvita haiM 1. sarvaprathama jaba mahAvAra ke saMgha meM striyoM ko pravrajyA pradAna kI gaI to unheM savastra hI dIkSita kiyA gayA kyoMki loka-lajjA aura mAsika dharma Adi zArIrika kAraNoM se unheM nagna rUpa meM dIkSita kiyA jAnA ucita nahIM thA / acelatA kI sampoSaka digambara paramparA bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karatI hai ki mahAvIra ke saMgha meM AryikAe~ savastra hI hotI thoM / jaba eka bAra AryikAoM ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa paristhiti meM vastra grahaNa kI svIkRti dI gaI to isane muni saMgha meM bhI ApavAdika paristhiti meM jaise bhagandara Adi roga hone para vastra grahaNa kA dvAra udghATita kara diyA / sAmAnyatayA to vastra parigraha hI thA kintu striyoM

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 445 ke lie aura apavAdamArga meM muniyoM ke lie use saMyamopakaraNa mAna liyA gayA / 2. punaH jaba mahAvIra ke saMgha meM yuvA dIkSita hone lage hoMge to unheM bhI mahAvIra ko savastra rahane kI anumati denI par3I hogI, kyoMki unake jIvana meM liMgotthAna aura vIryapAta kI ghaTanAe~ sambhava thIM / liMgotthAna aura vIryapAta aisI sAmAnya manodaihika ghaTanAe~ haiM jinase yuvA muni kA pUrNataH baca pAnA asambhava hai / manodaihika dRSTi se yuvAvasthA meM cAhe kAmavAsanA para niyantraNa rakhA jA sakatA ho kintu liMga sthAna aura vIryapAta kA pUrNaM nirmUlana sambhava nahIM hotA hai / nirgrantha saMgha meM yuvA muniyoM meM ye ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI thIM, aise Agamika ullekha haiN| yadi ye ghaTanAe~ araNya meM ghaTita hoM, to utanI cintanIya nahIM thIM kintu bhikSA, pravacana Adi ke samaya striyoM kI upasthiti meM ina ghaTanAoM kA ghaTita honA na kevala usa muni kI cAritrika pratiSThA ke lie ghAtaka thA, balki sampUrNa nirgrantha muni saMgha kI pratiSThA para eka prazna cinha khar3A karatA thA / ataH yaha Avazyaka samajhA gayA ki jaba taka vAsanA pUrNataH mara na jAya, taba taka aise yuvA muni ke lie nagna rahane yA jinakalpa dhAraNa karane kI anumati na dI jAya / zvetAmbara mAnya Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM to yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai ki 30 varSa kI vaya ke pUrva jinakalpa dhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / satya to yaha hai ki nirgrantha saMgha meM sacela aura acela aise do varga sthApita ho jAne para yaha vyavasthA dI gaI ki yuvA muniyoM ko chedopasthApanIya cAritra na diyA jAkara mAtra sAmAyika cAritra diyA jAya, kyoMki jaba taka vyakti sampUrNa parigraha tyAga karake acela nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka use chedopasthApanIya cAritra nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra ne hI sarvaprathama sAmAyika cAritra evaM chedopasthApanIya cAritra ( mahAvratAropaNa ) aise do prakAra ke cAritroM kI vyavasthA kI, jo Aja bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM choTI -dIkSA aura bar3I - dIkSA ke nAma se pracalita hai / yuvA muniyoM ke lie kSullaka zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA aura usake AcAra-vyavahAra ke hetu kucha viziSTa niyama banAye gaye, jo Aja bhI uttarAdhyayana aura dazavekAlika ke kSullakAdhyayanoM meM upasthita hai| mahAvIra ne chedopasthApanIya cAritra kI vyavasthA una praur3ha muniyoM ke lie ko, jo apanI vAsanAoM para pUrNa niyantraNa prApta kara cuke the aura acela rahane meM samartha the / chedopasthApanA zabda kA tAtparya bhI yahI hai ki pUrva dIkSA paryAya ko

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446 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya samApta (cheda ) kara navIna dIkSA ( upasthApana ) denA / Aja bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM chedopasthApanA ke samaya hI mahAvatAropaNa karAyA jAtA hai aura tabhI dIkSita vyakti kI saMgha meM krama-sthiti arthAt jyeSThatAkaniSThatA nirdhArita hotI hai aura use saMgha kA sadasya mAnA jAtA hai / sAmAyika cAritra grahaNa karane vAlA muni saMgha meM rahate hue bhI usakA sadasya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / isa carcA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki nigrantha muni saMgha meM sacela ( kSullaka ) aura acela ( muni ) aise do prakAra ke vargoM kA nirdhAraNa mahAvIra ne yA to apane jIvana-kAla meM hI kara diyA hogA yA unake parinirvANa ke kucha pazcAt kara diyA gayA hogaa| Aja bho digambara paramparA meM kSallaka (do vastradhArI), ailaka (eka vastradhArI) aura mani ( acela) esI vyavasthA hai| ataH prAcInakAla meM bhI aisI vyavasthA rahI hogI, isase inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki ina sabhI sandarbho meM vastra-grahaNa kA kAraNa loka-lajjA yA lokApavAda aura zArIrika sthiti hI thaa| 3. mahAvIra ke nigrantha saMgha meM vastra ke praveza kA tIsarA kAraNa sampUrNa uttara bhArata ke himAlaya ke tarAI kSetra tathA rAjasthAna meM zIta kA to prakopa thaa| mahAvIra ke nigrantha saMgha meM sthita ve muni jo yA to vRddhAvasthA meM hI dokSita ho rahe the yA vRddhAvasthA kI ora agrasara ho rahe the, unakA zarIra isa bhayaMkara zIta prakopa kA sAmanA karane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava kara rahA thaa| aise sabhI muniyoM ke dvArA yaha bhI saMbhava nahIM thA ki ve saMthArAgrahaNa kara una zItalaharoM kA sAmanA karata hue apane prANotsarga kara deN| aise muniyoM ke lie apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM zIta-nivAraNa ke lie UnI vastra rakhane kI anumati dI gii| ye muni rahate to acela hI the, kintu rAtri meM zIta-nivAraNArtha usa UnI-vastra (kambala ) kA upayoga kara lete the| yaha vyavasthA vRddha muniyoM ke lie thI aura isalie ise 'sthavirakalpa' kA nAma diyA gyaa| mathurA se prApta IsvI san prathama-dvitIya zatI ko jina pratimAoM kI pAda-pITha para yA phalakoM para jo mani pratimAe~ aMkita haiM, ve nagna hokara bhI kambala aura mukhavastrikA lie hue haiN| merI dRSTi meM yaha vyavasthA bhI ApavAdika hI thii| __hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvIra kA jo muni-saMgha dakSiNa bhArata yA dakSiNa madhya bhArata meM rahA usameM acelatA surakSita raha sakI, kintu jo munisaMgha uttara evaM pazcimottara bhArata meM rahA usameM zIta-prakopa kI tIvratA

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 447 ko deza-kAlagata paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa vastra kA praveza ho gyaa| Aja bhI hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ bhArata ke dakSiNa aura dakSiNa-madhya kSetra meM digambara paramparA kA bAhulya hai, vahA~ pazcimottara bhArata meM zvetAmbara paramparA kA bAhulya hai| vastutaH isakA kAraNa jalavAyu ho hai / dakSiNa meM jahA~ zItakAla meM Aja bhI tApamAna 25-30 DigrI selsiyasa se nIce nahIM jAtA, vahA~ nagna rahanA kaThina nahIM hai kintu himAlaya ke tarAI kSetra, pazcimottara bhArata evaM rAjasthAna jahA~ tApamAna zUnya DigrI se bhI nIce calA jAtA hai, vahA~ zItakAla meM acela rahanA kaThina hai| punaH eka yuvA-sAdhaka ko zIta sahana karane meM utanI kaThinAI nahIM hotI jitanI vRddha-tapasvo sAdhaka ko / ataH jina kSetroM meM zIta kI adhikatA thI, una kSetroM meM vastra kA praveza svAbhAvika hI thaa| AcArAMga meM hameM aise muniyoM ke ullekha upalabdha haiM jo zItakAla meM sardI se thara-thara kAMpate the| jo loga unake AcAra arthAt Aga jalAkara zotanivAraNa karane ke niSedha se paricita nahIM the, unheM yaha zaMkA bhI hotI thI ki kahIM unakA zarIra kAmAvega meM to nahIM kA~pa rahA hai| yaha jJAta hone para ki inakA zarIra sardI se kA~pa rahA hai, kabhI-kabhI ve zarIra ko tapAne ke lie Aga jalA dene ko kahate the, jisakA una muniyoM ko niSedha karanA hotA thaa| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki uttarabhArata ke nigrantha saMgha meM vastra ke praveza liye uttara bhArata kI bhayaMkara sardI bhI eka mukhya kAraNa rahI hai| 4. mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra ke praveza kA tIsarA kAraNa pAzva kI paramparA ke muniyoM kA mahAvora kI paramparA meM sammilita honA bhI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki pArzva kI paramparA ke muni sacela hote the| ve adhovastra aura uttarIya donoM hI dhAraNa karate the| hameM sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI aura rAjapraznIya Adi meM na kevala pAvaM kI paramparA ke muniyoM ke ullekha milate haiM apitu unake dvArA mahAvIra ke saMgha meM punaH dIkSita hone ke sandarbha bhI milate haiM / ina sandarbho kA sUkSmatA se vizleSaNa karane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki pArzva kI paramparA ke kucha muniyoM ne to mahAvIra kI paramparA meM sammilita hota samaya acelakatva grahaNa kiyA, kintu kucha aise bhI the jinhoMne acelatA ko grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| sambhava hai kucha pApityoM ko sacela rahane kI anumati dekara sAmAyika cAritra ke sAtha mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita kiyA gayA hogaa| isa prakAra mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM yA usake kucha pazcAt nirgrantha

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448 : jainadharma kA yApanIma sampradAya saMgha meM sacela-acela donoM prakAra kI eka milI-julI vyavasthA svIkAra kara lI gayI thI aura pArzva kI paramparA meM pracalita sacelatA ko bho mAnyatA pradAna kara dI gayI / niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM prArambha meM to muni kI acelatA para ho bala diyA gayA thA, kintu kAlAntara meM loka-lajjA aura zIta- parISaha se bacane ke lie ApavAdika rUpa meM vastra grahaNa ko mAnyatA pradAna kara dI gayI / zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM aura digambaroM dvArA mAnya yApanIya granthoM ApavAdikasthitiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai, jinameM muni vastra grahaNa kara sakatA thA / zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya sthAnAMgasUtra ( 3 / 3 / 347 ) meM vastra grahaNa ke nimna tIna kAraNoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai 1. lajjA ke nivAraNa ke lie ( liMgotthAna hone para lajjita na honA par3e isa hetu ) / 2. jugupsA ( ghRNA ) ke nivAraNa ke lie (liMga yA aNDakoSa vidrUpa hone para loga ghRNA na kareM isa hetu ) / 3. parISaha ( zIta- parISaha ) ke nivAraNa ke lie / sthAnAMgasUtra meM varNita uparyukta tIna kAraNoM meM prathama do kA samAveza loka-lajjA meM ho jAtA hai, kyoMki jugupsA kA nivAraNa bhI eka prakAra se loka-lajjA kA nivAraNa hI hai / donoM meM antara yaha hai ki lajjA kA bhAva svataH meM nihita hotA hai aura ghRNA dUsaroM ke dvArA kI jAtI hai, kintu donoM kA uddezya lokApavAda se bacanA hai / isI prakAra digambara paramparA meM mAnya, kintu mUlataH yApanIya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA (76) kI TIkA meM nimna tIna ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM vastra grahaNa kI svIkRti pradAna kI gayI hai 1. jisakA liMga ( puruSa cihna) evaM aNDakoza vidrUpa ho, 2. jo mahAna sampattizAlI athavA lajjAlu hai, 3. jisake svajana mithyA dRSTi haiM / yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki prArambha meM nirgranthasaMgha muni ke lie vastra grahaNa eka ApavAdika vyavasthA hI thI / utsarga yA zreSThamArga to acelatA ko hI mAnA gayA thA / zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya AcArAMga, sthAnAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM na kevala muni kI acelatA ke pratipAdaka sandarbha upalabdha hote haiM apitu acelatA kI prazaMsA bhI upalabdha hotI hai /

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 449 unameM bhI vastra grahaNa kI anumati mAtra loka-lajjA ke nivAraNa aura zIta -nivAraNa ke lie hI hai / AcArAMga meM cAra prakAra ke muniyoM ke ullekha haiM - 1. acela 2. eka vastradhArI 3. do vastradhArI aura 4. tIna vastradhArI / 1. inameM acela to sarvathA nagna rahate the / ye jinakalpo kahalAte the / 2. eka vastradhArI bhI do prakAra ke hote the (a) kucha eka vastradhArI rahate to acela hI the, kintu apane pAsa eka UnI vastra rakhate the, jisakA upayoga nagarAdi meM praveza ke samaya loka-lajjA ke nivAraNa ke lie aura sardiyoM kI rAtriyoM meM zItanivAraNa ke lie karate the / ye sthavirakalpI kahalAte the / (ba) kucha eka vastradhArI mAtra adhovastra dhAraNa karate the, jaise vartamAna meM digambara paramparA ke ailaka dhAraNa karate haiM / ailaka eka celaka (vastradhArI ) kA hI apabhraMza rUpa hai| ise Agama meM ekazATaka kahA gayA hai / 3. do vastradhArI, jinheM sAntarottara bhI kahA gayA hai, eka adhovastra va eka uttarIya rakhate the jaise vartamAna meM kSullaka rakhate haiM / adhovastra loka-lajjA hetu aura uttarIya zIta-nivAraNa hetu / ye kSullaka kahalAte the / 4. tIna vastradhArI adhovastra aura uttarIya ke sAtha-sAtha zItanivAraNArthaM eka UnI kambala bhI rakhate hoMge / yaha vyavasthA Aja ke zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sAdhuoM meM hai| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha karatA hai ki vastradhArI muni vastra ke jIrNa hone para evaM grISmakAla ke Agamana para jIrNa vastroM kA tyAga karate hue acelatA kI dizA meM Age bar3he / tIna vastradhArI kramazaH apane parigraha ko kama karate hue sAntarottara athavA ekazATaka athavA acela ho jAye / hama dekhate haiM ki AcArAMga meM varNita vastra sambandhI yaha vyavasthA acelatA kA ati Agraha rakhane vAlI digambara paramparA meM muni, ailaka aura kSullaka ke rUpa meM Aja bhI pracalita hai / usakA kSullaka AcArAMga kA sAntarottara hai aura ailaka ekazATaka tathA muni acela hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM paravartIkAla meM bhI jo vastra pAtra kA vikAsa huA aura vastra grahaNa ko aparihArya mAnA gayA usake pIche mUla meM parigraha yA saMcaya vRtti na hokara dezakAlagata paristhitiyA~, saMghIya jIvana kI 29

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450 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya AvazyakatAe~ evaM saMyama arthAt ahiMsA kI paripAlanA hI pramukha thI / nirgrantha saMgha meM jaba aparigraha mahAvrata ke sthAna para ahiMsA mahAvrata kI paripAlanA para adhika bala diyA gayA to pratilekhana yA picchI se lekara kramaza: aneka upakaraNa bar3ha gaye / zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya kucha paravartI AgamoM meM muni ke jina caudaha upakaraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai unameM adhikAMza pAtra - poMchana, paTala Adi ke kAraNa hone vAlI jIva hiMsA se bacane ke lie hI hai / oghaniyukti' meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki jina ne SaTukAya jIvoM ke rakSaNa ke lie hI pAtra grahaNa kI anujJA dI hai / zArIrika sukha-suvidhA aura pradarzana kI dRSTi se jo vastrAdi upakaraNoM kA vikAsa huA hai vaha bahuta hI paravartI ghaTanA hai aura prAcIna stara ke mAnya AgamoM se sammata nahIM hai aura bhuni AcAra kA vikRta rUpa hI hai / yaha vikAra yati paramparAke rUpa meM - zvetAmbaroM aura bhaTTAraka paramparA ke rUpa meM digambaroM- donoM meM AyA hai / kintu jo loga vastra ke sambandha meM AgrahapUrNa dRSTikoNa rakhate haiM unheM yaha samajha lenA cAhiye ki vastra kA grahaNa eka manodaihika evaM sAmAjika AvazyakatA thI aura usase zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAyeM prabhAvita huI haiM / digambara paramparA meM ailaka aura kSullaka kI vyavasthA to isa AvazyakatA kI sUcaka hai hI, kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha unameM jo savastra bhaTTAraka kI paramparA kA vikAsa huA, usake pIche bhI uparokta manodaihika kAraNa aura lAMkika paristhitiyA~ hI mukhya rhiiN| kyA kAraNa thA ki acelatA kI samarthaka isa paramparA meM bhI lagabhaga 1000 varSoM taka nagna muniyoM kA abhAva rahA / Aja digambara paramparA meM zAntisAgarajI se jo nagna muniyoM kI paramparA punaH jIvita huI hai, usakA itihAsa to 100 varSa se adhika kA nahIM hai / lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI se unnIsavIM zatI taka digambara muniyoM kA prAyaH abhAva hI rahA hai / Aja ina donoM paramparAoM meM sacelatA aura acelatA ke prazna para jo itanA vivAda khar3A kara diyA gayA hai, vaha donoM kI Agamika vyava 1. chakkAyaravakhaNaTThA pAyaggrahaNaM jiNehi pannattaM / je ya guNA saMbhoye havaMti te pAyagahaNevi // - oghaniyukti, 691 /

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 451 sthAoM aura jIvita paramparAoM ke sandarbha meM ImAnadArI se vicAra karane para nagaNya hI raha jAtA hai| hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki hama apane matAgrahoM meM na to Agamika vyavasthAoM ko dekhane kA prayatna karate haiM aura na una kAraNoM kA vicAra karate haiM, jinase kisI AcAra-vyavasthA meM parivartana hotA hai / durbhAgya hai ki jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA ne jinakalpa ke viccheda ke nAma para usa acelatA kA apalApa kiyA, jo usake pUrvaja AcAryoM ke dvArA lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka Acarita rahI aura jisake sandarbha unake AgamoM meM Aja bhI haiN| vahIM dUsarI ora digambara paramparA meM sacela muni ho nahIM hotA hai, yaha kahakara na kevala mahAvIra kI mUlabhUta anekAntika dRSTi kA ullaMghana kiyA, apitu apane hI AgamoM aura pracalita vyavasthAoM ko nakAra diyaa| hama pUchate haiM ki kyA ailaka aura kSullaka gRhastha haiM ? aura yadi aisA mAnA jAya to inake mUla artha kA hI apalApa hogaa| yadi hama niSpakSa dRSTi se dekheM to nirgrantha saMgha meM prAcInakAla se hI kSullakoM (yuvA-muni ) aura sthaviroM ( vRddha-muniyoM ) ke lie vastra grahaNa kI paramparA mAnya rahI hai| kSullaka loka-lajjA ke lie aura sthavira (vRddha ) daihika AvazyakatA ke lie vastra grahaNa karatA hai / kSullaka, muni nahIM hai yaha udghoSa kevala ekAMtatA kA sUcaka hai| kSullaka zabda apane Apa meM isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki vaha prArambhika stara kA muni hai, gRhastha nahIM, kyoMki "kSullaka" kA artha choTA hotA hai| vaha choTA muni hI ho sakatA hai, gRhastha nhiiN| prAcIna AgamoM meM vastradhArI yuvA muni ke lie hI kSullaka zabda kA prayoga huA hai| AcArAMga tathA anya purAtAttvika sAkSyoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nigrantha saMgha meM yA to mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM yA nirvANa ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt sacelaacela muniyoM kI eka milI-julI vyavasthA ho gaI thii| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki aisI doharI vyavasthA mAnya karane para paraspara AlocanA ke svara bhI mukharita hue hoMge / yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha nirdeza diyA gayA ki acela muni, ekazATaka, sAntarottara athavA tona vastradhArI muni paraspara eka-dUsare kI nindA na kreN| jJAtavya hai ki saMgha bheda kA kAraNa yaha milI-julI vyavasthA nahIM thI, apitu isameM apanIapanI zreSThatA kA mithyA ahaMkAra hI Age calakara saMgha bheda kA kAraNa banA hai| jaba sacelakoM ne acelakoM kI sAdhanA sambandhI viziSTatA ko

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452 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya asvIkAra kiyA aura acelakoM ne sacelaka ko muni mAnane se inkAra kiyA to saMgha bheda honA svAbhAvika hI thA / aitihAsika satya to yaha hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jo nirgrantha muni dakSiNa- bihAra, ur3IsA aura Andhra pradeza ke rAste se tamilanADu aura karnATaka meM pahu~ce, ve vahA~ kI jalavAyugata paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa apanI acelatA ko yathAvata kAyama rakha sake, kyoMki vahA~ sardI par3atI hI nahIM hai / yadyapi unameM bhI kSullaka aura ailaka dIkSAe~ hoto rahI hoMgI, kintu acelaka muni ko sarvopari mAnane ke kAraNa unameM koI vivAda nahIM huA / dakSiNa bhArata meM acela rahanA sambhava thA, isaliye vahA~ acelatA ke prati AdarabhAva banA rahA, kintu lagabhaga pA~cavIM chaThI zatI ke pazcAt vahA~ bhI hindU maThAdhIzoM ke prabhAva se savastra bhaTTAraka paramparA kA kramika vikAsa huA aura dhIre-dhIre dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatI se vyavahAra meM acelatA prAyaH samApta ho gayI / kevala acelatA ke prati saiddhAntika Adara bhAva banA rahA / Aja vahA~ jo digambara haiM, ve isa kAraNa digambara nahIM haiM ki ve nagna rahate haiM apitu isa kAraNa haiM ki acelatA / digambaratva ke prati unameM Adara bhAva hai / mahAvIra kA jo nirgrantha saMgha bihAra se pazcimottara bhArata kI ora Age bar3hA usameM jalavAyu tathA muniyoM kI bar3hatI saMkhyA ke kAraNa vastrapAtra kA vikAsa huaa| prathama zaka, hUNa Adi videzI saMskRti ke prabhAva se tathA dUsare jalavAyu ke kAraNa se uttara-pazcima bhArata meM nagnatA ko heya dRSTi se dekhA jAne lagA, jabaki dakSiNa bhArata meM nagnatA ke prati heya bhAva nahIM thA / prArambha meM uttara bhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha rahatA to acela hI thA, kintu apane pAsa eka vastra rakhatA thA jisakA upayoga nagarAdi meM praveza karate samaya loka-lajjA ke nivAraNa ke lie aura zIta Rtu meM sardI sahana na hone kI sthiti meM or3hane ke lie kiyA jAtA thA / mathurA se aneka aise acela jaina muniyoM kI pratimAe~ prApta huI haiM jinake hAtha meM yaha vastra (kambala) isa prakAra pradarzita hai ki unakI nagnatA chipa jAtI hai / uttara bhArata meM nirgranthoM, muniyoM kI isI sthiti ko hI dhyAna meM rakhakara sambhavataH pAlitripiTaka meM nirgranthoM ko eka zAka kahA gayA hai| hameM prAcIna arthAt IsA kI pahalI dUsarI zatI ke jo bhI sAhityika aura purAtAttvika pramANa milate haiM unase yahI siddha hotA hai ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM zIta aura loka-lajjA

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jainadharma meM acailakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 453 ke lie vastra grahaNa kiyA jAtA thaa| zvetAmbara mAnya Agamika vyAkhyAoM se jo sUcanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM, usase bhI yaha jJAta hotA hai ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra kA praveza hote hue bhI mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt lagabhaga chaH sau varSa taka acelakatva utsarga yA zreSThamArga ke rUpa meM mAnya rahA hai| ___ zvetAmbara Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya se hI hameM yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha ke aneka AcAryoM ne samayasamaya para vastra grahaNa kI bar3hatI huI pravRtti ke virodha meM apane svara mukharita kiye the / Arya bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt bhI uttara-bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM AryamahAgiri, AryazivabhUti, AryarakSita Adi ne vastravAda kA virodha kiyA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki ina sabhI ko zvetAmbara paramparA apane pUrvAcAryoM ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatI hai / mAtra yahI nahIM, inake dvArA vastravAda ke virodha kA ullekha bhI karatI hai| isa sabase yahI phalita hotA hai ki uttara bhArata ko nirgrantha paramparA meM Age calakara vastra ko jo aparihArya mAna liyA gayA aura vastroM ko saMkhyA meM jo vRddhi huI vaha eka paravartI ghaTanA hai aura vahI saMgha bheda kA mukhya kAraNa bhI hai| jaina sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika sAkSyoM ke atirikta nintha muniyoM ke dvArA vastra-grahaNa karane ke sambandha meM yathArtha-sthiti kA jJAna jenetara sAkSyoM se bhI upalabdha hotA hai, jo ati mahattvapUrNa hai / inameM sabase prAcIna sandarbha pAlitripiTaka kA hai| pAlitripiTaka meM pramukha rUpa se do aise sandarbha haiM jahA~ nirgrantha kI vastra sambandhI sthiti kA saMketa milatA hai| prathama sandarbha to nirgrantha kA vivaraNa dete hue spaSTatayA yaha kahatA hai ki nirgrantha ekazATaka the' isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki buddha ke samaya yA kama se kama pAlitripiTaka ke racanAkAla arthAt I. pU. tRtIya-caturtha zatI meM nirgranthoM meM eka vastra kA prayoga hotA thA, anyathA unheM ekazATaka kabhI nahIM kahA jaataa| jahA~ AjIvaka sarvathA nagna rahate the, vahA~ nigrantha eka vastra rakhate the / isase yahI sUcita hotA hai ki vastra grahaNa kI paramparA ati prAcIna hai| punaH nirgrantha ke ekazATaka hone kA yaha ullekha pAlitripiTaka meM jJAtaputra mahAvIra kI carcA ke prasaMga meM huA hai / ataH sAmAnya rUpa se ise pArzva ko paramparA kaha denA 1. niggaMthA ekasATakA / majjhimanikAya-mahAsiMhanAdasutta, 1/1/2

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454 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya bhI ThIka nahIM hogaa| phira bhI yadi isameM cAturyAma kI avadhAraNA ke ullekha ke AdhAra para ise pArzva kI paramparA se sambandhita mAneM to bhI itanA avazya hai ki mahAvIra ke saMgha meM pAvapityoM ke praveza ke sAthasAtha vastra kA praveza ho gayA thaa| cAhe nigrantha paramparA pArzva kI rahI ho yA mahAvIra kI yaha nirvivAda hai ki nignantha saMgha meM prAcInakAla se hI vastra ke sambandha meM vaikalpika vyavasthA mAnya rahI hai, phira cAhe vaha apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM yA sthavirakalpa ke rUpa meM hI kyoM na ho| pAlitripiTaka meM eka anya prasaMga meM mahAvIra ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt nimrantha saMgha ke pArasparika kalaha aura unake do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hone kA ullekha milatA hai| unake bIca hue isa vivAda kA kyA rUpa thA isakA ullekha dIghanikAya evaM majjhimanikAya meM nimna rUpa meM huA hai eka samaya bhagavAna zAkya ( janapada ) meM, sAmagAma meM vihAra karate the| usa samaya nigaMTha nAta-putta ( = jaina tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ) abhI abhI pAvA meM mare the| unake marane para nigaMTha ( = jaina sAdhu ) loga do bhAga ho, bhaMDana = kalaha = vivAda karate, eka dUsare ko mukha rUpI zakti se chedate vihara rahe the-'tU isa dharma-vinaya (= dharma ) ko nahIM jAnatA, maiM isa dharma-vinayako jAnatA huuN| 'tU kyA isa dharma-vinayako jAnegA, tU mithyArUr3ha hai, maiM satyArUr3ha hU~' / 'merA ( kathana artha- ) sahita hai, terA a-sahita hai' / 'tUne pUrva bolane ( kI bAta ) ko pIche bolA; pIche bolane ( kI bAta ) ko pahale bolA' / 'terA ( vAda ) binA-vicAra kA ulaTA hai' / 'tUne vAda ropA, tU nigraha-sthAna meM A gayA' / 'jA vAda se chUTane ke liye phiratA phira' / 'yadi sameTa sakatA hai to sameTa' / nAta. puttIya nigaMThoM meM mAnoM yuddha (= vadha ) hI ho rahA thaa| nigaMTha ke zrAvaka (- ziSya ), jo gRhI zveta (odAtta) vastradhArI, (the ) ve bhI nAta-putrIya nigaMThoM ke prati (vaise hI) udAsIna-virakta prativANa-rUpa the, jaise ki ( nAta-putta ke) dura AkhyAta ( = ThIka se na kahe gaye) duSpravedita (- ThIka se na batalAye gaye ), anairyANika ( = pAra na lagAne vAle), an-upazama-saMvartanika (= na-zAMti-gAmI), a-samyak-sambuddha-pravedita ( - kisI asamyaka-sambuddha dvArA na kahe

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 455 gaye) pratiSThA ( = nIMva )-rahita = bhinna-stUpa, Azraya-rahita dharmavinaya ke prati ( the)|' ___isa vivAda ke prati zrAvakoM kI udAsInatA se yahI phalita hotA hai vivAda kA muddA zrAvakoM se sambandhita nahIM hai| isa ghaTanA ko cAhe bauddhoM ne atiraMjita rUpa meM prastuta kiyA ho, kintu isa tathya ko asvIkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vivAda cAhe mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya huA, yA kucha kAla pazcAt parantu-vivAda huA jarUra hai / jaina saMgha meM Aja bhI mahAvIra ke bAda saMgha kA AcArya kauna haA ise lekara matabheda hai / jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA mahAvIra ke pazcAt prathama AcArya ke rUpa meM sudharmA ko svIkAra karatI hai, vahA~ digambara paramparA prathama AcArya ke rUpa meM gautama ko hI mAnya karatI hai / ho sakatA hai ki bhikSu-vinaya ke prati gautama ko mahAvIra ke ati nikaTa hone se thor3e kaThora-dRSTi koNa rakhate hoM aura sudharmA kA dRSTikoNa apekSAkRta udAra ho phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki isa vivAda kA mala kAraNa zramaNAcAra hI rahA hogaa| isa vivAda ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM do prakAra ke mata haiN| muni kalyANavijayajI Adi kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha vivaraNa mahAvIra ke jIvana-kAla meM hI unake aura gozAlaka ke bIca hue usa vivAda kA sUcaka hai, jisake kAraNa mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA pravAda bhI pracalita ho gayA thaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM hameM isa vivAda kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai| isameM vastrAdi ke sandarbha meM koI carcA nahIM hai| mAtra mahAvIra para yaha Aropa hai ki ve pahale akele vana meM nivAsa karate the, aba saMgha sahita nagara yA gAMva ke upAnta meM nivAsa karate haiM aura tIrthaMkara na hokara bhI apane ko tIrthaMkara kahate haiN| kintu isa vivAda ke prasaMga meM, jo sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta hai, vaha yaha ki pAlitripiTaka meM isakA sambandha dharmavinaya se jor3A gayA hai aura odAtta arthAt zveta vastra dhAraNa karane vAle nimrantha zrAvakoM ko isa vivAda se udAsIna batAyA gayA hai| 1. dekheM-dIghanikAya, anu0 bhikSu rAhula sAMkRtyAyana evaM bhikSu jagadIzakazyapa, __mahAbodhi sabhA, banArasa 1936, pAsAdikasutta, 3/6, pR0 252 2. bhagavaI, pannarasaM sataM, 101-152, saMpA0 muninathamala, jainavizvabhAratI lADana, vi0 saM0 2131, pR0 677 se 694 3. dekheM-dIghanikAya-pAsAdikasuttaM, 3/6 pR0 252

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456 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya isase itanA to avazya pratiphalita hotA hai ki vivAda kA mUlabhUta viSaya dharma-vinaya arthAt zramaNAcAra se hI sambandhita rahA hogA / ataH usakA eka pakSa vastra - pAtra rakhane yA na rakhane se sambandhita ho sakatA hai / ina samasta carcAoM se yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki sacalatA aura alatA kI samasyA nirgrantha saMgha kI eka purAnI samasyA hai aura isakA AvirbhAva pArzva aura mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha ke sammelana ke sAtha ho gayA thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki jahA~ eka ora AjIvakoM kI acelatA ne mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM sthAna pAyA, vahIM pArzva kI sacela paramparA ne bhI use prabhAvita kiyA / pariNAmasvarUpa vastra ke sambandha meM mahAvora ke nirgrantha saMgha meM eka milI-julI vyavasthA svIkAra kI gaI / utsarga mArga meM acelatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM vastra grahaNa kI anumati dI gayI / pAlitripiTaka meM AjIvakoM ko sarvathA acelaka aura nirgrantha ko ekazATaka kahA gayA hai aura isI AdhAra para ve AjIvakoM aura nirgrantha meM antara bhI karate haiM aura AjIvakoM ke lie acelaka zabda kA bhI prayoga karate haiM / dhammapada kI TIkA meM buddhaghoSa kahate haiM ki kucha bhikSu acelakoM kI apekSA nirgrantha ko vareNya samajhate haiM kyoMki acelaka to sarvathA nagna rahate haiM, jabaki nirgrantha praticchAdana rakhate haiM / ' buddhaghoSa ke isa ullekha se bhI yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki nirgrantha nagara praveza Adi ke samaya jo eka vastra ( praticchAdana) rakhate the, usase apanI nagnatA chipA lete the / isa prakAra mUla tripiTaka meM nirgrantha ko ekazATaka kahanA, punaH buddhaghoSa dvArA unake dvArA praticchAdana rakhane kA ullekha karanA aura mathurA se prApta nirgrantha muniyoM ke aMkana meM unheM eka vastra se apanI nagnatA chipAte hue dikhAnA - ye saba sAkSya yahI sUcita karate haiM ki uttara bhArata meM nirgrantha saMgha meM kama se kama I. pU. cauthI - tIsarI zatAbdI se eka vastra rakhA jAtA thA aura yaha pravRtti buddhaghoSa ke kAla taka arthAt IsA kI dUsarItIsarI zatAbdI taka bhI pracalita thI / vastra ke sambandha meM yApanIya dRSTikoNa yApanIya paramparA kA eka prAcIna grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA hai / isameM do prakAra ke liMga batAye gaye haiM - 1. utsargaliMga ( acela ) aura 1. dhammapada aTTakathA titiobhAgo, gAthA- 489 kI aTTakathA |

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 457 2. apavAdaliga ( sacela ) / ArAdhanAkAra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki saMlekhanA grahaNa karate samaya utsargaliMgadhArI acela zramaNa kA to utsargaliMga acelatA hI hotA hai, apavAdaliMgadhArI sacela zramaNa kA bhI yadi liMga prazasta hai to use bhI utsargaliMga arthAt acelakatva grahaNa karanA cAhiye / TIkAkAra aparAjita ne yahA~ utsargaliMga kA artha spaSTa karate hue sakala parigraha tyAga rUpa acelakatva ke grahaNa ko hI utsargaliMga kahA hai| isI prakAra apavAda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kAraNa sahita parigraha ko apavAdaliMga kahA hai / agalI gAthA kI TIkA meM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se sacelaliMga ko apavAdaliMga kahA hai| isake atirikta ArAdhanAkAra zivArya evaM TIkAkAra aparAjita ne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki jinakA puruSa cinha aprazasta ho arthAt liMga carma rahita ho, atidIrgha ho, aNDakoSa atisthUla ho tathA liMga bAra-bAra uttejita hotA ho to unheM sAmAnyadazA meM to apavAdaliMga arthAt sacela liMga hI denA hotA hai, kintu aise vyaktiyoM ko bhI saMlekhanA ke samaya ekAnta meM utsargaliMga arthAt acelakatva pradAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / kintu usameM sabhI apavAdaliMgadhAriyoM ko saMlekhanA ke samaya acelaliMga grahaNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai / Age ve spaSTa likhate haiM ki jinake svajana mahAna sampattizAlI, lajjAzIla aura mithyAdaSTi arthAt jainadharma ko nahIM mAnane vAle hoM, aise vyaktiyoM ke lie na kevala sAmAnya dazA meM apitu saMlekhanA ke samaya bhI apavAdaliMga arthAt sacelatA hI upayukta hotA hai| __ isa samagra carcA se spaSTataH yaha phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya sampradAya una vyaktiyoM ko, jo samRddhizAlI parivAroM se haiM, jo lajjAlu haiM tathA jinake vyakti parijana mithyAdRSTi haiM athavA jinake puruSacinha arthAt liMga carma rahita haiM, atidIrgha haiM, aNDakoSa sthUla haiM evaM liMga bAra-bAra uttejita hotA hai, ko ApavAdika liMga dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza karatA hai / isa prakAra vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki upayukta viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM vyakti sacela liMga dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki yApanIya paramparA yadyapi acelakatva para bala detI thI aura yaha bhI mAnatI thI ki samartha sAdhaka ko acelaliMga hI dhAraNa karanA cAhie kintu usake sAtha-sAtha vaha yaha mAnatI thI ki ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM sacela liMga bhI dhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ usakA zvetAmbara paramparA se spaSTa bheda yaha hai ki jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA

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458 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya jinakalpa kA viccheda batAkara acelaliMga kA niSedha kara rahI thI, vahA~ yApanIya paramparA samarthaM sAdhaka ke lie hara yuga meM acelatA kA samarthana karatI hai / jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA vastra grahaNa ko sAmAnya niyama yA utsarga mArga mAnane lagI vahA~ yApanIya paramparA use apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatI rahI, ataH usake anusAra AgamoM meM jo vastrapAtra sambandhI nirdeza haiM, ve mAtra ApavAdika sthitiyoM ke haiM / durbhAgya se mujhe yApanIya granthoM meM isa tathya kA kahIM spaSTa nirdeza nahIM milA ki ApavAdika liMga meM kitane vastra yA pAtra rakhe jA sakate the / yApanIya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI TIkA meM yApanIya AcArya aparAjita sUri likhate haiM ki cela (vastra) kA grahaNa, parigraha kA upalakSaNa hai ataH samasta prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga hI Acelakya hai / Acelakya ke lAbha yA samarthana meM Age ve likhate haiM 1. acelakatva ke kAraNa tyAga dharma ( dasa dharmoM meM eka dharma ) meM pravRtti hotI hai / 2. jo acela hotA hai, vahI akiMcana dharmaM ke pAlana meM tatpara hotA 3. parigraha (vastrAdi ) ke liye hiMsA ( Arambha ) meM pravRtti hotI hai, jo aparigrahI hai, vahI hiMsA ( Arambha ) nahIM karatA hai / ataH pUrNa ahiMsA ke pAlana ke liye acelatA Avazyaka hai / 4. parigraha ke lie hI jhUTha bolA jAtA hai / bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha ke abhAva maiM jhUTha bolane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hotA, ataH acela - muni satya hI bolatA hai / 5. acela meM lAghava bhI hotA hai / 6. acela dharma kA pAlana karane vAle kA adatta kA tyAga bhI sampUrNa hotA hai kyoMki parigraha kI icchA hone para ho binA dI huI vastu grahaNa karane meM pravRtti hotI hai / 7. parigraha ke nimitta kaSAya ( krodha ) hotA hai ataH parigraha ke abhAva meM kSamA bhAva rahatA hai / 8. acela ko sundara yA sampanna hone kA mada bhI nahIM hotA, ataH usameM Arjava ( saralatA ) dharmaM bhI hotA hai / 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 423, saMpAdaka - kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1938, pR0 324

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 459 9. acela meM mAyA ( chipAne ko pravRtti ) nahIM hotI ataH usameM Arjava ( saralatA ) dharma bhI hotA hai / 10. acela zIta, uSNa, DAMsa, macchara Adi parISahoM ko sahatA hai ataH use ghora tapa bhI hotA hai| saMkSepa meM acelakatva ke pAlana meM sabhI dasa zramaNa dharmoM evaM paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana hotA hai / punaH acelakatva kI prazaMsA karate hue ve likhate haiM 1. acelatA se zuddha saMyama kA pAlana hotA hai, pasIne, dhUla aura maila se yukta vastra meM usI yoni vAle aura usake Azraya se rahane vAle trasa jIva tathA sthAvara jIva utpanna hote haiM / vastra dhAraNa karane se unheM bAdhA bhI utpanna hotI hai / jIvoM se saMsakta vastra dhAraNa karane vAle ke dvArA uThane, baiThane, sone, vastra ko phAr3ane, kATane, bA~dhane, dhone, kUTane, dhUpa meM DAlane se jovoM ko bAdhA ( pIr3A ) hotI hai, jisase mahAna asaMyama hotA hai| 2acelatA se indriyoM para vijaya prApta hotI hai, jisa prakAra so se yukta jaMgala meM vyakti bahuta sAvadhAna rahatA hai usI prakAra jo acela hotA hai vaha indriyoM ( kAmavAsanA ) para vijaya prApta karane meM pUrNatayA sAvadhAna rahatA hai kyoMki aisA nahIM karane para zarIra meM vikAra (kAmottejanA) utpanna hone para lajjita honA par3atA hai|| 3. acelatA kA tIsarA guNa kaSAya rahita honA hai, kyoMki vastra ke sadbhAva meM use coroM se chipAne ke lie mAyAcAra karanA hotA hai / vastra hone para mere pAsa sundara vastra hai, aisA ahaMkAra bhI ho sakatA hai, vastra ke chIne jAne para krodha tathA usakI prApti meM lobha bhI ho sakatA hai| jabaki acelaka meM aise doSa utpanna nahIM hote haiN| ___ 4. savastra hone para suI, dhAgA, vastra Adi kI khoja meM tathA usake sIne, dhone, pratilekhanA Adi karane meM dhyAna aura svAdhyAya kA samaya naSTa hotA hai / acela ko dhyAna-svAdhyAya meM bAdhA nahIM hotii| 5. jisa prakAra binA chilake ( AvaraNa ) kA dhAnya niyama se zuddha hotA hai, kintu chilake yukta dhAnya kI zuddhi niyama se nahIM hotI, vaha bhAjya hotI hai / usI prakAra jo acela hai usakI zuddhi nizcita hotI 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA ( paM0 kailAzacandrajI ) bhAga 1 gAthA 23 kI TIkA pR0 321-322

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460 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai, kintu sacela kI zuddhi bhAjya hai ( evamacelavatiniyamAdeva bhAjyA sacele ), arthAt sacela kI zuddhi ho bhI sakatI hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai| yahA~ digambara paramparA aura yApanIya paramparA kA antara spaSTa hai / digambara paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki sacela mukta (zuddha) nahIM ho sakatA, cAhe vaha tIrthaMkara hI kyoM na ho jabaki yApanIya paramparA yaha mAnato hai ki strI, gRhastha aura anya tairthika sacela hokara bhI mukta ho sakate haiN| yahA~ bhAjya (vikalpa ) zabda kA prayoga yApanIyoM kI udAra aura anekAMtika dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| 6. acelatA meM rAga-dveSa kA abhAva hotA hai| rAga-dvaSa bAhya dravya ke Alambana se hotA hai| parigraha ke abhAva meM Alambana kA abhAva hone se rAga-dveSa nahIM hote, jabaki sacela ko manojJa vastra ke prati rAgabhAva ho sakatA hai| 7. acelaka ko zarIra ke prati upekSA bhAva rahatA hai| tabhI to vaha zIta aura tApa ke kaSTa sahana karatA hai| 8. acelatA meM svAvalambana hotA hai aura dezAntara gamana meM kisI kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM hotii| jisa prakAra pakSI apane paMkhoM ke sahAre cala detA hai, vaise hI vaha bhI pratilekhana (pIchI ) lekara cala detA hai| 9.acelatA meM citta-vizuddhi prakaTa karane kA guNa hai-laMgoTI Adi se DhA~kane se bhAva-zuddhi kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| 10. acelatA meM nirbhayatA hai, kyoMki cora Adi kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| 11. sarvatra vizvAsa bhI acelatA kA guNa hai| na to vaha kisI para zaMkA karatA hai aura na koI usa para zaMkA karatA hai| 12. acelatA meM pratilekhanA kA abhAva hotA hai| caudaha prakAra kA parigraha rakhane vAloM ko jaisI pratilekhanA karanI hotI hai vaisI acela ko nahIM karanI hotii| 13. sacela ko lapeTanA, chor3anA, sInA, bA~dhanA, dhonA, raMganA Adi parikarma karane hote haiM jabaki acela ko ye parikarma nahIM karane hote| 14. tIrthaMkaroM ke anurUpa AcaraNa karanA (jinakalpa kA AcaraNa) bhI acelatA kA eka guNa hai| kyoMki saMhanana aura bala se pUrNa sabhI tIrthaMkara acela the aura bhaviSya meM bhI acela hI hoNge| jina pratimA aura

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 461 gaNadhara bhI acela hote haiM aura unake ziSya bhI unhIM kI taraha acela hote haiM / jo savastra hai vaha jina ke anurUpa nahIM hai, arthAt jinakalpa kA pAlana nahIM karatA hai / 15. acela hI nirgrantha kahalA sakatA hai / yadi apane zarIra ko vastra se veSTita karake bhI apane ko nirgrantha kahA jA sakatA hai, to phira anya paramparA ke sAdhu nirgrantha kyoM nahIM kahe jAyeMge arthAt unheM bhI nirgrantha mAnanA hogA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yApanIya paramparA spaSTa rUpa se acela - katva kI samarthaka hai / kintu unake sAmane eka samasyA yaha thI ki ve Aja zvetAmbara paramparA meM svIkRta una AgamoM kI mAthurI vAcanA ko mAnya karate the, jinameM vastra pAtrAdi grahaNa karane ke spaSTa ullekha the / ataH unake samakSa do prazna the - eka ora acelakatva kA samarthana karanA aura dUsarI ora Agamika ullekhoM kI acelakatva ke sandarbha meM samyak vyAkhyA karanA / aparAjitasUri ne isa sambandha meM bhagavatI - ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM jo samyak dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai vaha acelakatva ke Adarza ke sambandha meM yApanIyoM kI yathArthaM dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai / aparAjita ne sarvaprathama AgamoM ke una sandarbhoM ko prastuta kiyA hai, jinameM vastra pAtra sambandhI ullekha haiM, phira unakA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM- "AcArapraNidhi" arthAt dazavekAlika' ke AThaveM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki pAtra aura kambala kI pratilekhanA karanI cAhie / yadi pAtrAdi nahIM hote to unakI pratilekhanA kA kathana kyoM kiyA jAtA ? punaH AcArAMga ' ke lokavicaya nAmaka dUsare adhyayana ke pA~caveM uddezaka meM kahA gayA hai ki pratilekhana ( paDilehaNa ) pAdaproMchana ( pAyapucchana ), avagraha ( uggaha ) aura kaTAsana ( kaDAsaNaM ) 1. dhuvaM ca paDilehejjA jogasA pAyakaMbalaM / sejjamuccAra bhUmi ca saMthAraM aduvAsaNaM // dazavekAlika, 8/17, navasuttANi, saMpA0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, 1967, pR0 68 2 AcArAMga, 1/5/89 saMpA0 - yuvAcArya madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara /

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462 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya caTAI Adi kI yAcanA kreN| punaH usake vastraSaNA' adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki jo lajjAzIla hai vaha eka vastra dhAraNa kare dUsarA pratilekhanA hetu rakhe / jaMgita (deza-vizeSa ) meM do vastra dhAraNa kare aura tIsarA pratilekhanA hetu rakhe, yadi ( zIta ) parISaha sahana nahIM ho to tIna vastra dhAraNa kare aura cauthA pratilekhanA hetu rakhe / punaH usake pAtra SaNAre meM kahA gayA hai ki lajjAzIla, jaMgita arthAt jisake liMga Adi kA hInAdhika ho tathA pAtrAdi rakhane vAle ke lie vastra rakhanA kalpatA hai / punaH usameM kahA gayA hai tumbI kA pAtra, lakar3I kA pAtra athavA miTTI kA pAtra jIva evaM bIjAdi se rahita ho to grAhya hai| yadi vastra-pAtra grAhya nahIM hote to phira ye sUtra Agama meM kyoM Ate ? punaH AcArAMga ke bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna eka varSa taka cIvaradhArI rahe, usake bAda acela ho gye| sAtha hI sUtrakRtAMga ke puNDaroka nAmaka adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu vastra 1. (a) esehirimaNe segaM vatthaM vA dhArejja paDilehaNagaM vidiyaM tattha ese jugni dese duve vatthANi dhArijja paDilehaNagaM tadiyaM / AcArAMga, vastraSaNA, uddhRta bhagavatoArAdhanA (vijayodayATIkA ), gAthA 423, pR0 324 (ba) je NiggaMthe taruNe jugavaM balavaM appAyaMke virasaMghayaNe, se egaM vatthaM dhArejjA, No bitiyaM / AcAracUlA, dvitIyasUtraskandha, 2/5/1/2, pR0 161 2. (a) hirimaNe vA juggide cAvi aNNage vA tassa NaM kappadi vatthAdikaM pAdacArittae iti // AcArAMga, vastraSaNA, uddhRta bhagavatIArAdhanA (vijayodayATIkA ), gAthA 423, pR0 324 (ba) je niggaMthe taruNe jugavaM balavaM appAyake thirasaMghayaNe, se egaM pAyaM dhArejjA, No biiy| AcAracUlA, acArAMgasUtra, 2/6/1/2 3. saMvaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsaM, jaM Na rikkAsi vatthagaM bhagavaM / __ acelae tato cAI, taM vosajja vatthamaNagAre / / AcArAMga, 1/9/1/4 4. (a) Na kahejjo dhammakahaM vatthapattAdihedumiti / sUtrakRtAMga-puMDarIkaadhyayana, uddhRta bhagavatIArAdhanA (vijayodayATIkA) gAthA 423, pR0 324

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 463 aura pAtra ke lie dharmakathA na kahe / nizItha' meM kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu akhaNDa-vastra aura kambala dhAraNa karatA hai use mAsa-laghu (prAyazcita kA eka prakAra ) prAyazcita AtA hai| isa prakAra Agama meM vastra grahaNa kI anujJA hone para bhI acelatA kA kathana kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? isakA samAdhAna karate hue svayaM aparAjitasUri kahate hai ki Agama meM kAraNa kI apekSA se AyikAoM ko vastra kI anujJA hai, yadi bhikSu lajjAlu hai athavA usakI jananendriya tvacArahita ho yA aNDakoSa lambe hoM athavA vaha parISaha (zIta ) sahana karane meM akSama ho to use vastra dhAraNa karane kI anujJA hai| AcArAMga3 meM hI kahA gayA hai ki saMyamAbhimukha strIpuruSa do prakAra ke hote haiM-sarva zramaNAgata aura no-sarvazramaNAgata / unameM sarvazramaNAgata sthirAMga vAle pANi pAtra bhikSu ko pratilekhana ke atirikta eka bhI vastra dhAraNa karanA yA chor3anA nahIM kalpatA hai| bRhadkalpasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki lajjA ke kAraNa aMgoM ke glAniyukta hone para deha ke juMgita (bIbhatsa ) hone para athavA parISaha (zIta(ba) No pANassa ( pAyassa ) heu dhammamAikkhejjA / No vatthassa heu dhamma mAikkhejjA / sUyagaDo, 2/1/68, pR0 366 1. (a) kasiNAI vatthakaMbalAiM jo bhikkha paDiggahidi Apajjadi mAsigaM lahagaM / nizIthasUtra, 2/23, uddhRta bhagavatoArAdhanA ( vijayodayATIkA) gAthA 423, pR0 324 (ba) je bhikkha kasiNAI vatthAI dhareMtaM vA sAtijjati / nizIthasUtra, 2/23, uddhRta bhagavatIArAdhanA ( vijayodayATIkA) gAthA 423, pR0 324 2. bhagavatIArAdhanA ( vijayodayATIkA ) gAthA 423, pR0 324 3. bhagavatIArAdhanA meM ullikhita prastuta sandarbha vartamAna AcArAMga meM anupa labdha hai| usameM mAtra sthirAMga muni ke lie eka vastra aura eka pAtra se adhika rakhane kI anujJA nahIM hai / sambhavataH yaha parivartana paravartIkAla meM huA hai| 4. (a) hirihetukaM va hoi dehaduguMchaMti dehe juggidge| dhArejjasiyA vatthaM parissahANaM ca Na vihAsiti // coktaM kalpe, uddhRta bhagavatIArAdhanA ( vijayodayATIkA) gAthA 423, pR0 324 (ba) prastuta sandarbha upalabdha bRhatkalpasUtra meM prApta nahIM hotA hai / yadyapi vastra dhAraNa karane ke ina kAraNoM kA ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra 3 meM nimnarUpa meM milatA hai

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464 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya parISaha) sahana karane meM asamartha hone para vastra dhAraNa kare / punaH AcArAMga' meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai yadi aisA jAne kI zItaRtu (hemanta ) samApta ho gayI hai to jIrNa vastra pratisthApita kara de arthAt unakA tyAga kara de| isa prakAra ( AgamoM meM ) kAraNa kI apekSA se vastra kA grahaNa kahA hai / jo upakaraNa kAraNa kI apekSA se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai usake grahaNa karane kI vidhi aura gahIta upakaraNa kA tyAga avazya kahA jAtA hai| ata: Agama meM vastra-pAtra kI jo carcA batAyI gayI hai vaha kAraNa ko apekSA se arthAt ApavAdika hai| __ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yApanIya saMgha mAtra ApavAdika sthiti meM vastragrahaNa ko svIkAra karatA thA aura utsarga mArga acelatA ko hI mAnatA thaa| AcArAMga ke 'bhAvanA' nAmaka adhyayana meM mahAvIra ke dvArA eka varSa taka vastra yukta hone ke ullekha ko vaha vivAdAspada mAnatA thA / aparAjita ne isa sambandha meM vibhinna pravAdoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai-jaise kucha kahate haiM ki vaha chaH mAsa meM kAMTe, zAkhA Adi se bhinna ho gyaa| kucha kahate haiM ki eka varSa se kucha adhika hone para usa vastra ko khaNDalaka nAmaka brAhmaNa ne le liyaa| kucha kahate haiM ki vaha vastra vAyu se gira gayA aura bhagavAna ne usakI upekSA kara dii| koI kahate haiM ki bilambanakArI ne use jina ke kandhe para rakha diyA Adi / isa prakAra aneka vipratipattiyoM ke kAraNa aparAjita kI dRSTi meM isa kathana meM koI tathya nahIM hai| punaH aparAjita ne Agama se acelatA ke samarthaka aneka sUtra bhI uddhRta kiye haiN| yathA-"vastroM kA tyAga kara dene para bhikSu punaH vastra grahaNa nahIM karatA tathA acela hokara jina rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / bhikSu yaha nahIM soce ki sacelaka sukhI hotA hai aura acelaka duHkhI hotA hai, ataH maiM sacelaka ho jaauuN| acela ko kabhI zIta bahuta satAtI hai, phira bhI vaha dhUpa kA vicAra na kare / mujha nirAvaraNa ke kappati NiggaMthANa vA NiggaMthINa vA tao pAyAI dhArittae vA pariharittae vA, taMjahA-jaMgie-bhaMgie, khomie / ThANAMga, 3/345 1. AcArAMga, zIlAMkavRtti, 1/7/4, sUtra, 209 pR0 251 2. (a) bhagavatIArAdhanA, vijayodayaTIkA, pR0 325-326 tulanIya-AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR0 276 / / (ba) zrImadAvazyakasUtraM ( uttarabhAgaM) cUAsameta, zrI RSabhadevajI, kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1929 3. bhagavatIArAdhanA (vijayodayATIkA) pR0 326-25

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 465 pAsa koI chAdana nahIM hai, ataH maiM agni kA sevana kara leM aisA bhI nahIM soce|" isI prakAra unhoMne uttarAdhyayana ke 23veM adhyAya kI gAthAyeM uddhRta karake yaha batAyA ki pArzva kA dharma sAntarottara thaa| mahAvIra kA dharma to acelaka hI thaa| punaH dazavaikAlika meM muni ko nagna aura muNDita kahA gayA hai| isase bhI Agama meM acelatA hI pratipAdya haiyaha siddha hotA hai| ___ isa prakAra yApanIya utsarga mArga meM acelatA ke samarthaka the isameM koI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA kintu apavAda mArga meM ve vastra kI grAhyatA ko svIkAra karate the| bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke nimna sandarbha se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhanA kI dRSTi se jaba sAdhaka ko yaha anubhava hotA hai ki maiMne dIrghakAla taka saMyama paryAya kA zAstra ke anusAra pAlana kiyA tathA ziSyAdi taiyAra kara unheM vAcanA dI, aba mujhe apanA hita karanA hI zreya hai, taba use saMgha se alaga hokara athAlanda vidhi, bhaktaparijJA, iMginimaraNa, parihAra vizuddha cAritra, pAdopaupagamana athavA jinakalpa dhAraNa karake vicaraNa karanA caahie| isake pazcAt bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA meM aparAjita sUri ne ina chahoM vidhiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA vistAra se vivaraNa diyA hai| usa carcA meM unhoMne parihAra saMmaya kI bhI carcA ko hai| usameM parihAra samaya ko eka upadhi dhAraNa karane vAlA batAyA hai| Age yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ve saMgha se upakaraNa Adi ke dAna kA saMbaMdha nahIM rakhate haiM mAtra gRhastha athavA anya liMga ke dvArA diyA gayA upakaraNa hI grahaNa karate haiN| isI kI TIkA ke pazcAt unhoMne nimna gAthA uddhRta kI hai kappaTTi do NukappI bhujaNasaMghADadANa gahaNe vi / savAsavaMdaNAlAvaNAhi bhujanti aNNoNNaM / isa prasaMga meM vicAraNIya yaha hai ki ve kalpasthita anukaMpA karane vAle se bhojana aura saMghATi kA dAna grahaNa karate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ bhujana saMghADa dAna gahane kA artha hai bhojana aura saMghATi kA dAna prApta karanA / liMga vicAra meM usako eka upadhi se yukta kahanA aura prastuta prasaMga meM saMghATi kA dAna grahaNa karanA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhAga 1 pR0 204 30

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466 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya parihAra saMyamI eka vastra grahaNa karate the / prastuta prasaMga meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo jinakalpa ko dhAraNa karane meM asamartha ho vahI paryAya saMyama ko dhAraNa karatA hai / isakA artha yahI hai ki paryAya saMyamI eka vastra rakhatA thA / Azcarya yaha hai ki paM0 kailAzacandrajI ne isa TIkA kA anuvAda karate samaya mUla ke nimna bhAga kA koI artha hI nahIM kiyA / 'ekopadhikaM avasAnaM liGga parihAra saMyatAnAm' yadi isakA artha karate to unheM eka upadhi kI vyAkhyA karanI pdd'tii| punaH unhoMne saMghATa 'dAna grahaNa kA artha bho mUla zabdoM ko yathAvat rakhakara sahAyatA denA yA lenA kara diyA tathA usameM bhI bhujana zabda kA koI artha hI nahIM kiyA jabaki isakA spaSTa artha hai ki ve parihAra saMyamI anukaMpA karane vAle kalpasthita ko bhojana aura vastra paraspara dete bhI haiM aura lete bhI haiM / agale caraNa meM aura spaSTa karate hue kahA hai-- ve Apasa meM eka hI sthAna para rahate haiM, paraspara eka dUsare se vaMdana, saMlApa karate haiM aura eka dUsare kI lAI bhikSA ko khAte bhI haiM / parihAra saMyamI ko jinakalpa meM asamarthaM mAnanA usake dvArA eka upadhi kA grahaNa kiyA jAnA aura paraspara eka dUsare ke vastra, bhojanAdi grahaNa karanA yaha saba isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki ve apavAda liMga ke dhAraka hote the / isa samagra carcA ke AdhAra para yApanIya saMgha kA vastra sambandhI dRSTikoNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / unake isa dRSTikoNa ko saMkSepa meM nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. zvetAmbara paramparA, jo jinakalpa ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA ke dvArA vastra Adi ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kI vaikalpika vyavasthA ko samApta karake sacelakatva ko hI eka mAtra vikalpa banA rahI thI, yaha bAta yApanIyoM ko mAnya nahIM thI / 2. yAnI yaha mAnate the ki jinakalpa kA viccheda suvidhAvAdiyoM kI apanI kalpanA hai / samartha sAdhaka ina paristhitiyoM meM yA isa yuga meM bhI raha sakatA hai / unake anusAra acelatA ( nagnatA ) hI jina kA Adarza mArga hai, ataH muni ko acela yA nagna hI rahanA cAhie / 3. yApanIya ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM hI muni ke lie vastra ko grAhyatA ko svIkAra karate the unakI dRSTi meM ye apavAdika sthitiyA~ nimna thIM Mang

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna : 467 (ka) rAja-parivAra Adi atikulIna gharAne ke vyakti janasAdhAraNa ke samakSa nagnatA chipAne ke lie vastra rakha sakate haiN| (kha) isI prakAra ve vyakti bhI jo adhika lajjAzIla haiM apanI nagnatA ko chipAne ke lie vastra rakha sakate haiN| (ga) ve navayuvaka muni jo abhI apanI kAma-vAsanA ko pUrNataH vijita nahIM kara pAye haiM aura jinheM liMgottejana Adi ke kAraNa nigrantha saMgha meM aura janasAdhAraNa meM pravAda kA pAtra bananA par3e, apavAda rUpa meM vastra rakha sakate haiN| (gha) ve vyakti jinake liMga aura aNDakoSa vidrUpa haiM, ve saMlekhanA ke avasara ko chor3akara yAvajjIvana vastra dhAraNa karake hI rheN| (Ga) ve vyakti jo zItAdi parISaha sahana karane meM sarvathA asamartha haiM,. apavAda rUpa meM vastra rakha sakate haiN| ___ (ca) ve muni jo arza, bhagandara Adi kI vyAdhi se grasta hoM, bImArI kI sthiti meM vastra rakha sakate haiN| 4. jahA~ taka sAdhviyoM kA prazna thA yApanIya saMgha meM spaSTa rUpa se unheM vastra rakhane kI anujJA tho / yadyapi sAdhviyA~ bhI ekAnta meM saMlekhanA ke samaya jina-madrA arthAt acelatA dhAraNa kara sakatI thiiN| ___isa prakAra yApanIyoM kA Adarza acelakatva hI rahA, kintu apavAda mArga meM unhoMne vastra-pAtra kI grAhyatA bhI svIkAra kii| ve yaha mAnate haiM ki kaSAya-tyAga aura rAgAtmakatA ko samApta karane ke lie sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga, jisameM vastratyAga bhI samAhita hai, Avazyaka hai, kintu ve digambara paramparA ke samAna ekAnta rUpa se yaha ghoSaNA nahIM karate haiM ki vastradhArI cAhe vaha tIrthakara hI kyoM na ho, mukta nahIM ho sktaa| ve savastra meM bhI AdhyAtmika vizuddhi aura mukti kI bhajanIyatA arthAt sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiN| isa prakAra acelakatva sambandhI mAnyatA ke sandarbha meM digambara paramparA ke nikaTa khar3e hokara bhI apanA bhinna mata rakhate haiN| ve acelakatva ke Adarza ko svIkAra karake bhI savastra mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiN| punaH muni ke lie acelakatva kA purajora samarthana karake bhI ve yaha nahIM kahate haiM ki jo ApavAdika sthiti meM vastra dhAraNa kara rahA hai, vaha muni nahIM hai / jahA~ hamArI vartamAna digambara paramparA mAtra laMgoTIdhArI ailaka, eka-celaka yA do vastradhArI kSullaka ko muni na mAnakara utkRSTa zrAvaka hI mAnatI

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468 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya hai, vahA~ yApanIya paramparA aise vyaktiyoM kI gaNanA muni-varga ke antargata hI karatI hai / aparAjita, AcArAMga kA eka sandarbha dekara jo vartamAna AcArAMga meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai kahate haiM ki aise vyakti no-sarvazramaNAgata haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki savastra muni aMzataH zramaNa bhAva ko prApta hai| isa prakAra yApanIya ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM paristhitivaza vastra grahaNa karane vAle zramaNoM ko zramaNa hI mAnate haiM, gRhastha nhiiN| yadyapi yApanIya aura digambara donoM hI acelakatva ke samarthaka haiM, phira bhI vastra ke sambandha meM yApanIyoM kA dRSTikoNa apekSAkRta udAra evaM yathArthavAdI rahA hai / ApavAdika sthiti meM vastra grahaNa, sacela kI mukti kI sambhAvanA, sacela strI aura puruSa donoM meM zramaNatva yA munitva kA sadbhAvaunheM acelatA ke prazna para digambara paramparA se bhinna karatA hai, jabaki AgamoM meM vastra-pAtra ke ullekha mAtra ApavAdika sthiti ke sUcaka haiM aura jinakalpa kA viccheda nahIM hai yaha bAta unheM zvetAmbaroM se alaga karatI thii|

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nirgrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsayAtrA jaina paramparA meM muni ke pAtrAdi upakaraNoM kA vikAsa kramika rUpa se dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para lokopavAda se bacane ke lie evaM ahiMsA ke paripAlana ke nimitta hI huA hai| sarvaprathama yadi hama jainAgama sAhitya ke prAcInatama grantha AcArAMgasUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ko leM to usameM nirgranthoM ke lie mAtra pA~ca upakaraNoM kA ullekha huA hai-vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAtroJchana aura kaTAsana ( cttaaii)|' isameM bhI kaTAsana (caTAI), AvazyakatA hone para mAMgakara bichAyI jAtI thii| yadi hama AcArAMga ke isI zrutaskaMdha meM vastra dhAraNa karane kI sthiti ko dekhate haiM to usameM acela, ekazATaka, sAntarottara (do vastradhArI) aura tIna vastradhArI aise cAra prakAra ke nirgranthoM kA ullekha milatA hai / punaH ina sabhI ko bhI kramazaH vastra kama karate hue anta meM acela rahane kA hI nirdeza diyA gayA hai / jahA~ taka AyikAoM kA prazna hai unheM eka-do hAtha vistAra vAlI, do-tIna hAtha vistAra vAlI evaM eka cAra hAtha vistAra vAlI aisI kAra saMghATi rakhane kA nirdeza hai| 2 ___ AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bhI yadyapi vastrAdi upakaraNoM ko grahaNa karane se sambandhita vidhi-niSedhoM kA vistAra se ullekha huA hai kintu unameM kahIM bhI vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kA 1. vatthaM paDiggaha, kaMbalaM pAyapuchaNaM, uggahaM ca kaDAsaNaM / etesu ceva jaaejjaa| AyAro ( AcArAMga ) 112 / 5 / 112, aura bhI dekheM AyAro 108 / 1 / 1 / 2. ka. je bhikkhU tihiM vatthehiM parivusite pAyacautthehi, tassa NaM No evaM ___ bhavati-cautthaM vatthaM jAissAmi / vahI 128 / 4 / 43 kha. je bhikkhU dohiM vatthehiM parivusite pAyataiehiM, tassa NaM No evaM bhavati taiyaM vatthaM jAissAmi // vahI 1 / 8 / 5 / 62 ga. je bhikkhU egeNa vatyeNa parivusite pAyabiieNa, tassa No evaM bhavai biiyaM vatthaM jAissAmi // vahI 1 / 8 / 6 / 85 gha. aha puNa evaM jANejjA-uvAikkate khalu hemaMte, gimhe paDivanne, ahAparijuNNaM vatthaM pariThThavejjA, ahAparijuNNaM vatthaM pariTThavettA-vahI 1 / 8 / 6 / 92 Ga. aduvA acele / vahI 1 / 8 / 6 / 93

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470 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya koI nirdeza nahIM hai apitu yahI kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu taruNa, yuvA, balavAna, niroga evaM sthira saMhananavAlA hai, vaha eka hI vastra rakhe, dUsarA nhiiN| yahI vastradhArI kI sAmagrI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM pratilekhanA ke sandarbha meM mukha-vastrikA, gocchaga/pAtrakambala aura vastra ina tInoM kA ullekha huA hai / dazavaikAlika meM bhI vastra-pAtra kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi ke koI nirdeza nahIM haiN| mAtra itanA kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI jo vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdaproJchana rakhate haiM ve kevala ahiMsA ke paripAlana yA loka-lajjA ke nivAraNArtha rakhate haiM, ataH use bhagavAna ne parigraha nahIM kahA hai / sambhavataH yaha kathana vastradhArI para hone vAle AkSepa ke nivAraNArtha hI kiyA gayA hogaa| vastra Adi upakaraNoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi ke sandarbha sarvaprathama bRhalkalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha Adi chedasUtroM meM hI milate haiM kintu unameM sampUrNa 14 upakaraNoM kA ullekha eka sAtha nahIM milatA hai / vyavahAra sUtra meM ullekha hai ki vRddhAvasthA ko prApta sthavira ko daNDa, pAtra, chAtA, mAtraka, lAThI, bhissa (pINa-phalaka , vastra, cela-cilimilikA, carma, carmakoSa aura carma paricchedaka avirahita sthAna meM rakhakara AnA jAnA 1. ka. je NiggaMthe taruNe jugavaM balavaM appAyaMke thirasaMghayaNe, se egaM vatthaM dhArejjA, No bitiyaM // AyAracalA, 5 / 1 / 2 kha. jA NiggaMthI, sA cattAri saMghADIo dhArejjA-egaM duhatthavitthAraM, vo tihatyavitthArAo, egaM cauhatyavitthAra, tahappagArehiM vatthehiM asaM vijjamANehi aha pacchA egamegaM saMsIvejjA / vahI 5 / 113 2. ka. paDilehei pamatte avajjhai pAyakaMbalaM / paDilehaNAaNAutte pAvasamaNi tti vuccaI / / uttarA0 179 kha muhapottiyaM paDilehittA paDilahijja gocchan / ___ gocchagalaiyaMgulio vatthAI paDilehae / / vahI 26 / 23 ga. je bhikkhU NiggaMthINaM AgamaNapahasi daMDagaM vA laTThiyaM vA rayaharaNaM vA muhapottiyaM vA aNNayaraM vA uvagaraNajAyaM Thaveti, ThaveMtaM vA sAtijjati / / -nizItha, 4 / 23 aura bhI dekheN-bhgvtii-2|106, 15 / 10,153, jJAtAdharmakathA, 1 / 14 / 41, upAsakadazA, 1170, aMtakRtdazA, 3 / 22 3. jaMpi vatthaM va pAyaM vA kaMbalaM pAyapuchaNaM / taM pi saMjamalajjaTThA dhAraMti pariharaMtiya / dazavakAlika, 6 / 19

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 471 kalpatA hai| ina upakaraNoM meM daNDa, mAtraka, pAtra tathA cilimilikA kA pracalana to zvetAmbara paramparA meM Aja bhI dekhA jAtA hai kintu zeSa upakaraNa vizeSa rUpa se chAtA evaM carma zvetAmbara paramparA meM kabho pracalana meM rahe hoM aisA jJAta nahIM hotA / sambhavataH ye upakaraNa prAcIna kAla meM caityavAsiyoM ke dvArA rakhe gaye hoMge athavA phira ye pApityoM kI paramparA meM rahe hoMge jo bAda meM mAnya nahIM rahe / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra bhI mAMtraka ke alaga rakhane kI vyavasthA sarvaprathama AryarakSita ke samaya meM huii| aisI sthiti meM yaha saMdeha hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu ke dvArA racita chedasUtroM meM unakA ullekha kaise A gyaa| lagatA hai ki chedasUtroM evaM odhaniyukti meM bhI valabhI vAcanA ke samaya kucha saMzodhana yA prakSepa hue haiN| oghaniyukti meM jinakalpI ke lie 12, sAmAnyamuni ke lie 14 aura sAdhvI ke lie 25 upakaraNoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / sAmAnya muni ke lie jo 14 upakaraNa nizcita huye ve nimna haiM-pAtra, pAtrabaMdha, pAtra-sthApana, pAtra-paTala, rajastrANa, gucchaka, tIna pracchAdaka, rajoharaNa, mukhavastrikA, mAtraka aura colapaTTaka' | ina upakaraNoM kI sarvaprathama carcA hameM aMga-Agama sAhitya meM praznavyAkaraNa meM milatI hai kintu vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNasUtra lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI kI racanA hai| ataH usakA kathana aitihAsika dRSTi se paravartI hai| isalie sarvaprathama oghaniyukti meM hI inakA ullekha 1. therANaM therabhUmipattANaM kappai daMDae vA bhaMDae vA chattae vA mattae vA laThThiyA vA cele vA calacili miliyA vA camme vA cammakosae vA cammapaliccheyaNae vaa"| vyavahArasUtra, 85 . 2. dekheM-oghaniyukti, gAthA 669,671,677 3. pattaMpattAbaMdho pAyaTThavaNaM ca paaykesriyaa| paDalAI rayattANaM ca gucchao paaynijjogo|| tinneva ya pacchAgA rayaharaNaM ceva hoi muhpttii| eso duvAlasaviho uvahI jiNakappiyANaM tu / / ee ceva duvAlasa mattaga airega colapaTTo ya / eso cauddasaviho uvahI puNa therakappammi / / ___ odhaniyukti, zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhAbAvaka, 1989 gAthA-668,669,670 4. jaMpi ya samaNassa suvihiyassa tu paDiggahadhArissa bhavati mAyaNa-bhaMDovahi uvagaraNaM paDiggaho pAyabaMdhaNaM pAyakesariyA pAyaThavaNaM ca paDalAiM tiNNeva,

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472 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya huA hogA, yahI mAnA jA sakatA hai / merI dRSTi meM niyuktiyoM kA racanAkAla IsA kI lagabhaga dUsarI zatI mAnA jA sakatA hai / IsA kI prathama - dUsarI zatI meM nirgrantha paramparA ke muniyoM meM vastrAdi upakaraNoM kI sthiti kyA thI, isakA purAtAttvika pramANa hameM isI kAla ke mathurA ke aMkanoM se milatA hai / usameM caturvidha saMgha ke aMkanoM meM muniyoM evaM sAdhviyoM ke vividha aMkana haiN| unameM nimna upakaraNoM kA spaSTa aMkana hai - 1. kambala, 2. mukhavastrikA, 3 pAtra proJchana / pratilekhana / rajoharaNa, 4. pAtra aura 5. pAtra rakhane kI jholI arthAt pAtrabaMdha / muniyoM ke jo aMkana haiM unameM unake hAtha meM mukhavastrikA / vastrakhaNDa tathA kalAI para taha kiyA huA kambala pradarzita hai jisase kinhIM aMkanoM meM unakI nagnatA chipa gaI hai aura kinhIM meM vaha nahIM bhI chipI hai (dekheM citra saMkhyA / kintu koI bhI muni vastra dhAraNa kiye hue pradarzita nahIM haiM / abhilekhoM meM ina muniyoM ke nAma, gaNa, zAkhA aura kula Adi kA jo ullekha hai unakI puSTi kalpasUtra paTTAvalI se hotI hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki ye aMkana uttara bhArata meM sacela aura acela paramparA ke vibhAjana ke pUrva kI sthiti ke sUcaka haiM / uparokta caudaha upakaraNoM meM se pA~ca kA spaSTa aMkana hai- zeSa pAtra sthApana, pAtrapaTala, rajastrANa aura gucchaka / pAtra kesarikA - ye cAra pAtra se hI sambandhita aura atyanta choTe-choTe vastra khaNDa hI hote haiM / inakA svatantra aMkana yA pradarzana Avazyaka nahIM thaa| inakA vikAsa pAtra rakhane kI paramparA ke sAtha hI huA hogA kyoMki inakA mukhya uddezya pAtra meM koI jIva-jantu yA raja-dhUli Adi ko girane se rokanA, pAtra kI saphAI tathA pAnI ko chAnanA Adi thA / mAtraka mala-mUtra visarjana hetu rakhA jAtA hai aura ise rakhane kI anumati AryarakSita ne prathama dUsarI zatI meM hI dI thI / isa prakAra ye kula dasa upakaraNa hue| zeSa cAra-tIna pracchAdaka (cAdara) aura eka cUlapaTTaka ina cAra kA aMkana mathurA ke sthApatya meM pahalI dUsarI zatI taka kahIM nahIM milatA hai / yadyapi mathurA kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI kI eka jina pratimA kI pAdapITha meM aMkita muni pratimA ko svastra dikhAyA gayA hai / kintu abhilekha ke AdhAra para pratimA spaSTataH tiNNava ya pacchAkA, raoharaNa- colapaTka- muhaNaM rattANaM ca gocchao, takamAdIyaM / paNhAvAgaraNAI 10/10

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ninanya saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 473 zvetAmbara mAthura saMgha kI hai aura paravartI hai| ataH ise vastra pAtra kI prAcInakAla kI sthiti ko samajhane meM AdhAra bhUta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / kintu AcArAMga meM adhikatama tIna vastroM ke rakhane kA ullekha hone aura pAlitripiTaka' meM ekazATaka nirgranthoM kA ullekha hone se yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vastra rakhane kI paramparA bhI prAcIna hai / jahA~ taka colapaTTaka kA prazna hai prArambha meM vaha laMgoTI ke samAna eka choTA sA vastra khaNDa hI thA jo mAtra nagnatA chipAne ke lie upayoga meM lAyA jAtA thaa| AcArAMga meM ise 'omacela' arthAt choTA vastra kahA gayA hai| colapaTTaka mUlataH calapaTTa se banA hai jisakA artha bhI choTA kapar3A yA vastra khaNDa hI hotA hai| haribhadra ne muniyoM ke dvArA akAraNa hI jisa kaTi vastra ke dhAraNa karane kI AlocanA kI hai vaha bhI isI kA sUcaka hai| vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo ghuTanoM ke nIce taka ke adhovastra dhAraNa kiye jAte haiM, yadyapi unakA nAma bhI colapaTTaka hI hai phira bhI unake AkAra-prakAra meM kramazaH vRddhi haI hai| ___jahA~ taka yApanIya paramparA kA prazna hai bhagavato ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM aparAjita ne muni ke caudaha upakaraNoM kA ullekha avazya kiyA hai| kintu jJAtavya hai ki ye caudaha upakaraNa unheM svIkArya nahIM the / yadyapi unake kAla arthAt navIM zatAbdI ke pUrva zvetAmbara paramparA meM ye svIkRta ho cuke the| yApanIya paramparA inameM se mAtra pratilekhana aura pAtra-vaha bhI kevala zauca ke lie jala grahaNa karane hetu-svIkRta kiyA gayA thA / yApanIya granthoM meM pratilekhana ko saMyamopadhi aura pAtra ko zaucopadhi ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| zeSa vastra, pAtra Adi kA grahaNa unake anusAra ApavAdika sthiti meM hI svIkRta thaa| unake anusAra Agama aura niyukti Adi meM jina caudaha upadhiyoM ( upakaraNoM) kI carcA hai, vaha kevala ApavAdika sthiti kI sUcaka hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki vastra, pAtra ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha hI nimrantha paramparA meM jina kalpa aura sthavirakalpa kI do bhinna-bhinna paramparAoM kA vikAsa huA jisakI carcA hama Age kreNge| 1. niggaMthA eksaattkaa|-mjjhimnikaay, mahAsiMhanAdasutta 1 / 1 / 2 .. 2. aduvA saMtaruttare aduvA omacele aduvA egasADe aduvA acele / AcArAMga sUtra ( AtmArAmajI) 11851 pR0 585 3. caturvidha upadhi gRhaNatAM bahu prati lekhanatA na tathA celasya / bhagavatI ArAdhanA (vijayodayA TIkA) gAthA 423, pR. 322

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474 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa yApanIya paramparA meM jinakalpa kA ullekha hameM bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura usakI vijayodayA TIkA meM milatA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki 'jo rAga-dveSa aura moha ko jIta cuke haiM, upasarga ko sahana karane meM samartha haiM, jina ke samAna ekAko vihAra karate haiM, ve jinakalpI kahalAte haiM / kSetra Adi kI apekSA se vivecana karate hue Age usameM kahA gayA hai ki jinakalpI sabhI karma bhUmiyoM aura sabhI kAloM meM hote haiM / isI prakAra cAritra kI dRSTi se ve sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya cAritra vAle hote haiN| ve sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM pAye jAte haiM aura janma kI apekSA se 30 varSa kI vaya aura muni jIvana kI apekSA se 19 varSa kI dIkSA paryAya vAle hote haiM / jJAna kI dRSTi se nava-dasa pUrva ke jJAna ke dhArI hote haiM / ve tInoM zubha lezyAoM se yukta hote haiM aura vajra - RSabha nArAca saMhanana ke dhAraka hote haiM / " 1 aparAjita ke atirikta jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kA ullekha yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ke strI-mukti prakaraNa meM bhI hai / isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jinakalpa kI avadhAraNA zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya donoM paramparAoM meM lagabhaga samAna hI thI / mukhya antara yaha hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM jinakalpI ke dvArA vastra grahaNa kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / kyoMki usameM muni ke lie vastra pAtra kI svIkRti kevala apavAda mArga meM hai, utsarga mArga meM nahIM aura jinakalpI utsargaM mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai / ataH yApanIya paramparA ke anusAra vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM vastra- pAtra nahIM rakha sakatA / vaha acela hI rahatA hai aura pANi-pAtrI hotA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM ke anusAra jinakalpI acela bhI hotA hai aura sacela bhI / ve pANi-pAtrI bhI hote haiM aura sapAtra bhI hote haiM / oghaniyukti ( gAthA 78-79 ) meM upadhi ke AdhAra para jinakalpa ke bhI aneka bheda kiye gaye haiM / T isI prakAra nizIthabhASya meM bhI jinakalpI kI upadhi ko lekara 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, bhAga -1 ( vijayodayA TIkA ) - gAthA - 157 kI TIkA pR0 saM0 205 2. (a) zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam ( strI mukti prakaraNam ) - 7 saM0 paM0 zambhunAtha tripAThI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI, 1971 pR0 1 (ba) bRhatkalpasUtra, saMpA0 madhukara muni, byAvara, 1992 -6/9

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yotrA : 475 vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai / usameM sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pAtra kI apekSA se jinakalpI do prakAra ke hote haiM-pANipAtra arthAt binA pAtra vAle aura pAtradhArI / isI prakAra vastra kI apekSA se bhI usameM jinakalpiyoM ke do prakAra batAe gaye haiM-acelaka aura scelk| punaH inakI upadhi kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo acelaka aura pANipAtrabhojI jinakalpI hote haiM ve rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA ye do upakaraNa rakhate haiN| jo sapAtra aura savastra hote haiM unakI upadhi kI saMkhyA kama se kama tIna aura adhika se adhika bAraha hotI hai| sthavirakalpo ko jina 14 upadhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unameM mAtraka aura cUlapaTaka ye do upadhi jinakalpI nahIM rakhate haiN| yApanIyoM kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve zvetAmbaroM ke samAna jinakalpa kA viccheda nahIM maante| unake anusAra samartha sAdhaka sabhI kAloM meM jinakalpa ko dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, jabaki zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra jinakalpI kevala tIrthaMkara kI upasthiti meM hI hotA hai| yadyapi yApanIyoM kI isa mAnyatA meM unakI ho vyAkhyAnusAra eka antarvirodha AtA hai, kyoMki unhoMne apanI jinakalpI kI vyAkhyA meM yaha mAnA hai ki jinakalpI nava-dasa pUrvadhArI aura prathama saMhanana ke dhAraka hote haiN| cU~ki unake anusAra bhI vartamAna meM pUrva jJAna aura prathama saMhanana ( vajaRSabha-nArAca-saMhanana) kA abhAva hai| ataH jinakalpa sarvakAloM meM kaise saMbhava hogaa| ina do-tIna bAtoM ko chor3akara yApanIya aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM jinakalpa ke sambandha meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA aura bRhatkalpabhASya ke tatsambandhI vivaraNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki digambara gratha gommaTasAra aura yApanIya graMtha bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM jinakalpa ko lekara eka mahattvapUrNa antara parilakSita hotA hai, vaha yaha ki jahA~ gommaTasAra meM jinakalpI muni ko mAtra sAmAyika cAritra mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM unameM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya aise do cAritra mAne gaye haiM / vastutaH yaha antara isalie AyA ki jaba digambara paramparA meM chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA artha mahAvatAropaNa se bhinna hokara prAyazcitta rUpa pUrva dIkSA paryAya ke cheda ke artha meM liyA gayA to, jinakalpI meM prAyazcitta rUpa chedo1. (a) bRhatkalpasUtra 6 / 20 (ba) paMcakalpabhASya ( AgamasudhAsindhu) 816-822

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476 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya pasthApanIya cAritra kA niSedha mAnanA Avazyaka ho gayA kyoMki jinakalpI kI sAdhanA nirapavAda hotI hai| hameM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kA ullekha prAyaH zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya paramparA meM hI dekhane ko milA hai| digambara paramparA meM yApanIya prabhAvita granthoM ko chor3akara prAyaH isa carcA kA abhAva hI hai / vastutaH yApanIya paramparA ne jinakalpa ke punaH pravartana kA hI prayAsa kiyA thaa| jahA~ taka usake upakaraNoM kA prazna hai, Adarza sthiti meM zvetAmbara paramparA usake lie do upakaraNa nizcita karatI hai-eka rajoharaNa aura dUsarA mukhavastrikA / yApanIya paramparA meM utsarga mArga meM usake lie picchI/pratilekhana aura kamaNDalu kA ullekha milatA hai| Age hama ina donoM ke sambandha meM thor3I vistAra se carcA kreNge| pratilekhana/picchI . jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM rajoharaNa athavA pratilekhana muni kA eka Avazyaka upakaraNa mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ taka ki jinakalpa meM yA acela muni ke lie bhI isakA rakhanA Avazyaka hai| pratilekhana rakhane kA mukhya uddezya sUkSma jIvoM ko hiMsA se bacanA hai / yadyapi ise muni liMga bhI kahA gayA hai / prAcIna graMthoM meM isake aneka paryAyavAcI nAma pracalita haiM / dazavaikAlikasUtra' meM isake rajoharaNa, pAyapuchana aura gocchaga aise tIna nAma milate haiN| yApanIya paramparA ke grantha mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM isake lie mAtra pratilekhana (paDilehaNa ) nAma milatA hai| paravartI digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM pratilekhana ke sthAna para picchI zabda kA ullekha milatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika, sthAnAMga, bRhatkalpa, nizItha Adi meM isake svarUpa kArya Adi kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai|yaa vkhyA granthoM-vizeSa 1. dshvaikaalik-4|23 2. muulaacaar-10|19 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-98 4. (a) notisAra-43 . (ba) ThANANi sijjAgamaNe jIvANaM haMti appaNo dehN| .. dasakatta riThANa gadaM Nivicche patthi NivvANaM // -bhadrabAhu kriyAsAra 25 5. (a) uttarA0 26 / 23, dazavaikAlika-4 sUtra-23, 5 / 68-78 sthAnAMga-5-191, kalpasUtra-2229, 3 / 14,15, nishiith-4|23

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 477 rUpa se nizIthabhASya Adi meM rajoharaNa aura pAyapuchana ( pAdaproJchana) kA paryAyavAcI hI mAnA gayA hai / vaise kucha AcAryoM ne ina zabdoM ke vyutpattilabhya artha ke AdhAra para pAdaproJchana, pAtraproJchana aura rajoharaNa ina tInoM ko alaga-alaga upakaraNa mAnA hai| unake anusAra pAdaproJchanapA~va poMchane ke lie, pAtraproJchana-pAtroM kI saphAI ke lie aura rajoharaNa-dhUla aura jIva-jantuoM ke pramArjana ke lie upayoga meM lAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA meM ye tInoM alaga-alaga rakhe jAte haiM kintu prAcIna kAla meM ye tIna svatantra upakaraNa rahe hoMge, yaha mAnanA kaThina hai anyathA Agamika vyAkhyAkAra inheM paryAyavAcI nahIM mAnate / munizrI kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' ne nizIthasUtra ke dUsare uddezaka ke prAraMbha meM dazavakAlika adhyayana-4 tathA praznavyAkaraNasUtra adhyAya-5 ke AdhAra para inheM alaga-alaga upakaraNa kahA hai| kintu dazavaikAlika meM jahA~ rajoharaNa, pAyapuchana aura gocchaga zabda kA prayoga huA hai usa sthala ko dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki ye paryAyavAcI bhI rahe hoMge kyoMki vahA~ pIDhaka, phalaka, zayyA aura saMthAraga ye cAra zabda mukhyatayA paryAyavAcI rUpa meM hI prayukta haiN| ye cAroM vikalpAtmaka haiN| ataH dazavaikAlika ke AdhAra para ina tIna ko alaga-alaga upakaraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM lgtaa| vartamAna meM bhI ye tInoM AkAra-prakAra Adi ko chor3akara svarUpa kI dRSTi se eka samAna hI haiM / vastutaH jaise-jaise sApha-saphAI kA viveka adhika hotA gayA vaise-vaise inheM alaga-alaga kara diyA gyaa| sambhavataH jisase dhUla sApha kI jAtI ho usase pA~va sApha karanA aura jisase pAMva sApha kiyA jAtA ho usase pAtra sApha karanA ucita pratIta nahIM huA hogA isalie ye tIna alaga-alaga upakaraNa banA lie gaye / mala meM to ye eka hI the aura inakA prayojana sthAna, pAtra, upakaraNa athavA zarIra Adi ko raja Adi se rahita karanA thaa| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya prAcIna Agama AcArAMga, AcArAMgacUlA, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, bhagavato, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA Adi meM mukhyataH pAya (ba) kappai niggaMthANa vA niggaMthINa vA imAiM paMca rayaharaNAI dhArittae vA parihArittae vA, taM jahA-1-oNNie, 2-uTThie, 3-sANae 4-vaccAcippae 5-mujacippae nAme paMcame / bRhtklpsuutr-2||30 1. nizIthasUtram, saMpA. madhukaramuni, byAvara 1991, anu0 kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala'-pR. 32-33

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478 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya puchana zabda kA hI ullekha milatA hai / uttarAdhyayana' meM 'pAyakaMbalaM' aisA prayoga milatA hai| ise alaga-alaga do zabda mAnane para pAtra aura kaMbala aise do upakaraNa phalita hote haiM kintu use eka hI zabda mAnane para isakA artha bhI pAtraproJchana ho sakatA hai| TIkAkAra ne yahI arthaM kiyA hai kyoMki prAcIna ullekhoM ke anusAra pAtraproJchana eka hAtha lambA - caur3A kambala kA Tukar3A hotA thA / rajoharaNa ibda kA prayoga apekSAkRta paravartI Agama AvazyakasUtra, dazavekAlika, bRhatkalpasUtra, nizItha, sthAnAMga, bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, antakRtadazA aura praznavyAkaraNa meM upalabdha hai / gocchaka zabda kA ullekha dazavekAlika ke atirikta uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI aura kalpasUtra meM bhI huA hai / yadi hama ina graMthoM ke kAlakrama ko dhyAna meM rakhakara isakI carcA kareM to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki AcArAMga meM rajoharaNa yA picchI kA ullekha nahIM hai mAtra pAyapuchana kA ullekha hai / prArambha meM pAtraproJchana ke rUpa meM kambala ke Tukar3e kA prayoga huA hogA / bAda meM sambhavataH use golAkAra lapeTakara tathA usake agrabhAga ko kholakara rajoharaNa banAyA jAtA thA / phira lapeTe gae hisse ke Upara ke bhAga meM moTe ghAsa ke tinakoM ko DAlakara agalA bhAga kaThora banAyA gayA, yaha rajoharaNa yA pratilekhana kahalAyA / bAda meM bher3a evaM U~Ta ke Una Adi se rajoharaNa banane lage, sthAnAMga evaM bRhatkalpa meM pA~ca prakAra ke rajoharaNa kA ullekha hai -- bher3a ke Una kA, U~Ta ke Una kA, sana kA vizeSa prakAra kI ghAsa kA aura mUMja kA / isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ina pA~coM meM se kisI kA bhI rajoharaNa grahaNa kiyA jAtA thA / kintu pUrva kI apekSA uttaravartI kA grahaNa karanA aparAdha mAnA jAtA thA rajoharaNa gucchaka ke rUpa meM hotA thA ataH use hI gocchaka kahA gayA / isa prakAra pAyapu chana, rajoharaNa aura gocchaga zabda pracalita hue / merI dRSTi meM prArambha meM ye tInoM hI paryAyavAcI the / jahA~ taka picchI kA prazna hai sacela aura acela paramparA ke prAcIna graMthoM meM kahIM bhI picchI kA ullekha nahIM milatA / usakA prathama ullekha chaThI - sAtavIM zatI ke bAda ke graMthoM meM hI milatA hai / yadyapi yApanIya paramparA , 1. uttarAdhyayana- 17/9 2. dazavaikAlika - 4123, uttarAdhyayana- 20123, bhagavai - 8 / 250 kalpa0 3 / 14,15 3. bRhatkalpasUtra - 2/30

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2 nirgrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 479 meM pratilekhana ke rUpa meM mayUrapicchI kA prayoga hotA rahA hai kintu Azcarya hai ki yApanIya grantha mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke mUla meM kahIM bhI picchI zabda kA ullekha na hokara sarvatra pratilekhana kA hI ullekha milatA hai / mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM saMyamopakaraNa ke prasaMga meM muni ke lie pratilekhana rakhane kA spaSTa vidhAna kiyA gayA' / pAyeMpu chana pAtraproJchana mUlAcAra to spaSTa rUpa se saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM pratilekhana kA ullekha karatA haiM / boTikoM athavA yApanIyoM ne prArambha meM pratilekhana ( picchI ) kA grahaNa kiyA thA yA nahIM isa sambandha meM paMDita dalasukha bhAI ne apane lekha " kyA bITika digambara haiM" meM zaMkA upasthita kI hai / unakA kathana hai ki yadi picchI kA grahaNa kiyA hotA to AcArya jinabhadra, vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM apanI carcA meM use bhI parigraha kyoM na mAnA jAya - yaha prazna avazya hI uThAte / aisA nahIM karake unhoMne yadi vastra parigraha hai, to zarIra ko bhI parigraha kyoM nahIM mAnate ityAdi jo dalIleM dI haiM unheM ve picchI kI carcA ke bAda hI dete / kintu isa carcA ke AdhAra para picchI yA pratilekhana kA prayoga prArambha meM boTikoM ne nahIM kiyA thA, aisA spaSTa nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| paM0 dalasukha bhAI kI zaMkA ke sambandha meM eka uttara yaha ho sakatA hai ki sambhava hai pratilekhana ke ( picchI) ubhaya sammata hone se usa sambandha meM koI bhI carcA nahIM uThAI gaI ho / yadyapi digambara paramparA meM jainAbhAsoM ke jina pA~ca vargoM kI carcA hai, unameM niSpicchikoM ke eka varga kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jise mAthura saMgha bhI kahA jAtA thA / kintu samasyA yaha hai ki usa zloka meM inheM yApanIyoM se bhinna evaM paravartI batAyA gayA hai / yaha sambhava hai ki aparigraha ke atyadhika Agraha ke kAraNa yApanIyoM kI eka zAkhA jo Age 1. ( a ) bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 98 (ba) mUlAcAra - 10/19 2. jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa - 2, paM0 becaradAsadozI smRtigrantha, pAravanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI - hindI vibhAga, pR0 72 3. gopucchikAH zvetavAsAH drAviDo yApanIyakAH / niH picchikazceti paJcaite jainAbhASAH prakIrtitA // nItisAra, 10

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480 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya calakara mAthura saMgha kahalAyo niSpicchika rahI ho / niSpicchika saMgha ko mAthura saMgha bhI kahA jAtA hai aura isako utpatti rAmasena dvArA vikrama saM0 953 meM batAyI gayI hai|' smaraNa rahe ki boTika (yApanIya) aura mAthura saMgha ( niSpicchika saMgha ) donoM hI mathurA kSetra se sambandhita haiM tathA donoM ko ho jainAbhAsa batAyA gayA hai| punaH yApanIyoM kA eka nAma gopya saMgha bhI hai| mathurA, AgarA, gvAliyara, jhA~sI Adi ke AsapAsa kA pradeza, prAcIna kAla meM gopAJcala kahA jAtA thA, usI kSetra se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa yApanIya gopya kahalAye / ataH mAthura saMgha aura gopya saMgha (yApanIya saMgha ) kSetra kI dRSTi se paraspara sambandhita pratIta hote haiM, kintu kAlika dRSTi se donoM meM paryApta antara hai| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki mAthura saMgha kA vikAsa paramparA kI dRSTi se yApanIyoM se huA hai jisakI carcA 'mAthura saMgha aura yApanIya' nAmaka zIrSaka ke antargata dvitIya adhyAya meM kI jA cukI hai / kintu isa AdhAra para yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hogA ki yApanIya bhI mAthura saMgha ke samAna niSpicchika the / kyoMki mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM jo yApanIya saMgha ke graMtha haiM, meM pratilekhana kA spaSTa ullekha hai| mAtra yahI nahIM ina donoM graMthoM meM pratilekhana ke guNa bhI batAye gaye haiN| yadyapi boTikoM yA yApanIyoM ne alaga hote samaya prArambha meM picchI grahaNa kI thI yA nahIM isake pramANa ke abhAva meM isa sambandha meM nirNayAtmaka kathana karanA kaThina hai, kintu kAlAntara meM ve pratilekhana avazya rakhate the isameM saMkSaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki pUrvokta yApanIya paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM ke atirikta zvetAmbara paramparA ke boTikoM kI carcA karane vAle granthoM meM bhI boTika muniyoM kI sAmagrI ( upadhi ) ke prasaMga meM pratilekhana yA picchI ko carcA milatI hai| merI dRSTi meM to yApanIya prArambha se hI pratilekhana ( piccho ) rakhate the kyoMki vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke pUrvavartI yA kama se kama samakAlika yApanIya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlA (ba) mAthurasaMghe mUlato'pi picchikA nAdratA indranandI / -SaDdarzanasamuccaya, guNaratna TIkA, pR0 161 1. dekheM-isI pustaka kA adhyAya-2 pR0 60 2. rajasedANamagahaNaM maddava sukumAhadA lahuttaM ca / jatthede paMcaguNA taM paDivihaNa pasaMsaMti / / -mlaacaar-10|19, bhagavatI bArApanA-97

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA 481 cAra meM muni ke upakaraNoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM pratilekhana aura usake guNoM kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai / pratilekhana meM pA~ca guNa hone cAhiedhUli (raja ) evaM sveda ko grahaNa nahIM karanA, mRdutA - arthAt A~kha meM ghumAne para bhI pIr3A na ho, sukomalatA aura halkApana / vizeSAvazyaka meM jo picchI kI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai usakA ekamAtra kAraNa usakA ubhaya-sammata saMyamopakaraNa honA hI hai / 1 yApanIya yA boTikoM ke upadhi sambandhI vivaraNa meM AcArAMga cUrNi meM 'dhammakuccaga' kA ullekha upalabdha hai / " yahA~ 'dharmakUrcaka' picchI yA pratilekhana kA sUcaka hai / zIlAGka ne apanI AcArAMga ko TIkA meM ra boTikoM ke upakaraNoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM 'azvabAladhibAlAdi' kA ullekha kiyA hai / isameM azvabAla picchI yA pratilekhana kA paryAyavAcI rahA hai| isa prasaMga meM kuccaga ( kUrcaka ) aura azvabAla para kucha adhika carcA apekSita hai | abhilekhIya sUcanAoM se vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM nirgrantha saMgha, mUlasaMgha, kUrcaka, yApanIya aura zvetapaTa - aise pA~ca jaina sampradAyoM ke ullekha milate haiM / inameM nirgrantha ( digambara ) zvetapaTa ( zvetAmbara ) aura yApanIya ye tIna spaSTa haiM / kintu kUrcaka kauna ye yaha vicAraNIya hai / paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI aura DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne inheM dAr3hI-mUMcha rakhane vAle jaina muni mAnA hai / * kintu mero dRSTi meM dAr3hI-mUMcha ke kAraNa nahIM apitu kuccaga (kUrcaka) rakhane ke kAraNa hI ve kUcaka kahalAte hoMge / AcArAMgacUrNi meM dhammakuccaga zabda kA prayoga yaha sUcita karatA hai ki yaha dhArmika upakaraNa thA / dAr3hI-mU cha dhArmika upakaraNa nahIM ho sakate haiM, ataH kUrcaka ve haiM jo pratilekhana ke hetu kUrcaMka (kuccaga) rakhate the / paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI aura pro0 upAdhye ne unheM jo dAr3hI-mUMcha rakhane vAle jaina muni mAnA hai- yaha mero dRSTi meM bhrAnta hai / zAyada unheM bhI AcArAMgacUrNi kA yaha ullekha jJAta hotA to ve aisA niSkarSa nikAlane kI bhUla nahIM karate | yaha spaSTa hai ki 1. AcArAMga cUrNi - pR0 82 2. AcArAMga ( zIlAMka TIkA ) Agamodaya samiti, pR0 135 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 2, abhilekha kramAMka, 99, 102, 103 4. jaina itihAsa aura sAhitya, paM0 nAthUrAmapremI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 31 --- pR0 558-562

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482 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 'rajoharaNa' yA 'picchI' ko jaina paramparA meM saMyamopakaraNa mAnA jAtA hai / merI dRSTi meM dhammakuccaga eka viziSTa prakAra kA pratilekhana hI thA, jo sajIva prANiyoM ke pUMcha ke bAloM, romoM yA paMkha ke sthAna para paTasana Adi prAsuka vAnaspatika padArthoM ke rezoM se banAyA jAtA hogaa| eka hI abhilekha meM karcakoM aura yApanIyoM ke alaga-alaga ullekha se aisA lagatA hai ki bAhyaliMga meM picchI ke prakAra kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa ye alaga-alaga bane hogeN| picchI ke prakAra-bheda ke AdhAra para jaina saMgha meM sampradAya bheda hue haiM-jaise-niSpicchika, gopicchika Adi / AcArya haribhadra ke suprasiddha grantha SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM guNaratna sUri likhate hai ki kASThAsaMgha meM camarI gAya ke bAloM kI picchI, mUlasaMgha aura gopyasaMgha ( yApanIya ) meM mayUrapicchI aura mAthurasaMgha meM kisI prakAra kI picchI nahIM rakhI jAtI hai| bIsa paccIsa varSa pUrva taka lekhaka ne zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke dharma sthAnakoM meM isa prakAra kI paTasana kI banI huI kUciyoM kA pratilekhana ke rUpa meM prayoga hote dekhA hai| paJcendriya prANiyoM ke bAloM athavA pakSiyoM kI pUchoM se bane rajoharaNa aura picchI kI apekSA ise adhika niravadya evaM alpamUlya kA mAnakara prayoga kiyA jAtA hogaa| azvabAla-gopiccha bhI kramazaH ghor3e yA camarI gAya kI pUMcha ke bAloM se bane pratilekhana (picchI) hI the kintu ye bahumUlya evaM ahiMsaka vRtti ke pratikUla the tathA inameM pratilekhana hetu Avazyaka sabhI guNa pUrNataH nahIM pAye jAte the| yaha spaSTa hai ki acelaka paramparA meM azva-piccha, gopiccha, mayUra-piccha, gRddhapiccha dhAraNa kiye jAte the aura inake AdhAra para unameM sampradAya bheda bhI thaa| zvetAmbara carNikAroM yA TIkAkAroM ne isa sampradAya bheda ko dhyAna meM rakhakara dhammakuccaga evaM azva bAla kA jo boTikoM ke prasaMga meM ullekha kara diyA hogA, vaha unakI asAvadhAnI kA hI sUcaka hai| guNaratnasUri ne SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM yApanIyoM ko spaSTataH mayUrapicchI rakhane vAlA batAyA hai / merI dRSTi meM yaha satya hI hai| 1. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA digambarA puna gnyaliMgAH pANipAtrAzca / te caturdhA kASThAsaM-mUlasaMgha-mAthurasaMgha-gopyasaMgha bhedAt / kASThAsaMghe camarIbAlaiH picchikA, mUlasaMghe mAyUrapicchaiH picchikA, mAthurasaMghe mUlato'pi picchikA nAdRtA, gopyA maayuurpicchikaaH| haribhadrasUri, SaDdarzanasamuccaya, caturthodhikAraH kA0 44/2, pR0 161 -

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 483 bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki unameM sAmAnyataH na to digambara sammata picchI zabda kA ullekha hai aura na zvetAmbara sammata rajoharaNa zabda kA ullekha hai apitu usake sthAna para usameM pratilekhana (paDilehaNa) zabda kA prayoga hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM TIkAkAra aparAjita' bhI mukhyataH isI zabda kA prayoga karate haiM / isase aisA phalita hotA hai ki prAraMbha meM yApanIyoM meM yaha Agraha nahIM rahA hogA ki yaha pratilekhana kisa vastu kA banA huA ho / mathurA meM muniyoM kI yA sAdhviyoM kI jo pratimAe~ upalabdha haiM unameM vividha AkAra evaM prakAra ke pratilekhana / rajoharaNa / picchI haiN| merI dRSTi meM Age calakara rajoharaNa yA picchI ke AkAra evaM prakAra ko lekara vivAda utpanna hue hoMge aura pratyeka saMpradAya yA upasaMpradAya ne viziSTa AkAra-prakAra ke evaM viziSTa vastu ke bane hue pratilekhana / rajoharaNa / picchI grahaNa karane kA niyama banAyA hogA / mathurA ke pazcAt jo utkRSTa jaina zilpa khajurAho meM upalabdha hotA hai-- usameM acela muniyoM kI pratimAe~ bhI haiM / unake upakaraNoM meM lambe pratilekhana aMkita haiN| yadyapi ve mayUrapiccha ke bhI ho sakate hai kintu AkAra meM ve vaise hI haiM jaise ki vartamAna meM zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI muna rakhate haiN| yaha saba isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki viziSTa prakAra kA rajoharaNa yA viziSTa AkAra prakAra kI picchI paravartI kAla ke Agraha haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM jo hameM picchI yA rajoharaNa ke sthAna para paDilehaNa / pratilekhana kA ullekha milatA hai, vaha usa vastu ke kArya kA sUcaka hai - viziSTa vastu yA viziSTa AkAra kA sUcaka nahIM hai / Azcarya yaha hai ki donoM granthoM meM (mUla meM) kahIM bhI mayUrapicchI kA nirdezana nahIM hai / yadyapi donoM hI granthoM meM pratilekhana ke pA~ca guNa -- dhUli evaM pasIne se alipta rahanA, mRdutA, sukumAratA aura laghutA ( halkApana ) mAne ge| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jise netra meM ghumAne se pIr3A na ho aise sUkSma evaM halke pratilekhana ( paDilehaNa) grahaNa karanA caahie| ina donoM granthoM ke upalabdha ullekha se yaha spaSTa hai. ki yApanIya pratilekhana rakhate the, yadyapi yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki vaha kisa vastu kA thA / mAtra terahavIM zatI ke guNaratnasUri kI SaTdarzanasamuccaya 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 97 kI vijayodayA TIkA

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484 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya TIkA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ve mayUrapicchI rakhate the| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke yApanIya TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri ( 8-9 vIM zatI) 'paDilehaNa' kA artha sadaiva hI pratilekhana karate haiN|' jJAtavya hai ki aparAjita kI sampUrNa TIkA meM kevala eka-do sthAnoM para hI picchI zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jabaki mUlAcAra ke digambara TIkAkAra vasunandI ( 12 vIM zatI) paDilehaNa kA artha sadaiva hI picchI karate haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM aura vizeSa rUpa se yApanIya paramparA meM bhI prArambha meM to pratilekhana, picchI, rajoharaNa ke svarUpa arthAt vaha kisa vastu kA banA huA ho, usakA AkAra-prakAra kyA ho, ise lekara ekarUpatA kA abhAva hI rahA hai-kintu kAlakrama meM pratyeka sampradAya ne kinhIM viziSTa AkAra prakAra kI picchI, rajoharaNa rakhanA prArambha kara diyaa| yApanIya paramparA meM hI mayUrapicchI kA pracalana rahA ho isameM vaimatya kA prazna nahIM uThatA hai, kyoki bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM pratilekhana, picchI ke jo gaNa batAye gaye haiM, ve mayUrapiccha meM pAye jAte hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prAcIna zvetAmbara AgamoM meM bhI rajoharaNa ke rUpa meM mayUrapiccha ke grahaNa kA koI virodha nahIM hai| nizIthacUNi ( gA0 822 ) meM spaSTataH ApavAdika sthiti meM mayUrapicchI rakhane kA ullekha hai| prArambha meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita kASThadaNDa ke rajoharaNa niSiddharthaM chedasUtroM meM rajoharaNa meM kASTha-daNDa lagAne kA na kevala spaSTa niSedha hai apitu jo usakA prayoga karatA hai, use daNDa dene kI bhI vyavasthA hai| pAtra ( kamaNDalu) yApanIya paramparA ko zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ne pANitalabhojI kahA hai / isakA ullekha hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| hama yaha bhI dekha cuke haiM ki AcArAMga cUNi meM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne unake upakaraNoM 1. mUlAcAra 10 / 19, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 98 2. bhagavato ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA-gAthA 98 3. mUlAcAra TIkA (vasunandi) 10 / 19 4. je bhikkhU dArudaMDayaM pAyapuchaNaM kareti kareM taM vA sAtijjati -nizItha 2 / 1-8

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 485 kI sUcI meM kuNDikA kA ullekha kiyA hai| yApanIya grantha mUlAcAra meM zaucopadhi ke rUpa meM pAtra kA ullekha huA hai| isa saba se yahI phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya bhojana to hAtha meM hI grahaNa karate the, kintu zaucAdi hetu jala rakhane ke lie pAtra avazya rakhate the| yaha paramparA Aja bhI digambara sampradAya meM pracalita hai| yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki pAtra rakhane kI paramparA kA vikAsa mahAvIra ke nigrantha saMgha meM kisa prakAra huaa| pAva kI paramparA meM pAtra rakhA jAtA thA yA nahIM ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna uttarAdhyayana kI kezI-gautama carcA meM anupalabdha hai, yadyapi pAzvapityoM ke jo ullekha anyatra upalabdha haiM unase aisA lagatA hai ki unameM pAtra rakhe jAne kI paramparA rahI hogii| mahAvIra ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara sAhitya meM jo ullekha upalabdha haiM-unase nimna phalita nikalate haiM (1) pravrajyA grahaNa karate samaya mahAvIra ne mAtra eka vastra grahaNa kiyA thA, pAtra rajoharaNa ( picchI ) Adi anya upakaraNa nahIM lie the| yadi liye hote to AcArAMga meM avazya unakA ullekha hotaa| (2) caNi sAhitya se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki prArambha meM mahAvIra gahI-pAtra meM bhojana kara lete the, kintu lagabhaga ATha mAsa pazcAta unhoMne usakA bhI tyAga kara diyA aura ve pANi-tala bhojI ho gye| cUNi meM ullekhita isa kathana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki-mahAvIra ne dIkSita hote samaya pAtra nahIM rakhA thA, dUsare yaha ki pahale ve gRho pAtra meM bhojana karate the aura bAda meM pANitala bhojI hue|' (3) mahAvIra ke zramaNa prArambha meM pAtra rakhate the yA nahIM isakA nizcayAtmaka uttara denA kaThina hai| AcArAMga jaise prAcIna stara ke grantha meM bhI donoM taraha ke sandarbha upalabdha haiM, AcArAMga meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki varSA A jAne para bhikSu apane bhojana ko kAMkha meM dabAle yA phira hAthoM se use sampuTa kara le / isase phalita hotA hai ki ve pAtra nahIM rakhate the| kintu Age isI grantha meM pAtra rakhane ke bhI ullekha haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, kaisA pAtra lenA aura kaisA nahIM lenA, isakA bhI ullekha hai| zvetAmbara ullekhoM ke anusAra AryarakSita taka mAtra eka hI pAtra 1. paMca abhiggahA gahitA, taM jahA. pANIsu bhottanva |""tenn paDhama pAraNage parapatte bhutte tena paraM pANipattaM |-aavshyknni pR0 279

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486 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya rakhA jAtA thaa| bhojana, jala tathA zauca ke lie usI kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA, unhoMne sarvaprathama mAtraka ke nAma se eka aura pAtra rakhane kI anumati dI / mAtraka, jaisA ki Aja samajhA jAtA haimala-mUtra visarjana kA yA zauca kA pAtra thA - yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai / yadi maha mala-mUtra visarjana kA pAtra thA to sarva prathama ativRddha aura rogI bhikSuoM ke lie isakA prayoga prArambha huA hogA / pAtra kI AvazyakatA zaucopadhi ke rUpa meM to prArambha se hI rahI hogI - kyoMki sacitta jala ke prayoga kA niSedha to jaina saMgha meM prArambha se hI thA, ataH jaina zramaNa nadI, jalAzaya Adi ke AsapAsa mala-nivRtti karake bhI usase zuddhi kara nahIM sakate the / yaha bhI kucha aTapaTA sA lagatA hai ki ve mala-mUtra visarjana ke aMgoM kI zuddhi kiye binA rahate hoMge / sambhava hai ki malavisarjana ke uparAnta svamUtra yA sUkhe patte Adi se mala-zuddhi kara lete hoMge / kucha samaya pUrvataka sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM rAtri meM jala nahIM rakhate the-- rAtri meM mala visarjana kI sthiti hone para ve svamUtra yA jIrNavastra khaNDa se hI mala zuddhi karate the / pazcimI dezoM meM Aja bhI kAgaja se hI mala dvAra kI zuddhi kI jAtI hai / ve loga isa hetu jala kA upayoga nahIM karate haiM / kintu bhArata meM prAcIna kAla se hI mala-dvAra kI zuddhi jala se karane kI paramparA rahI hai / 'mUlAcArapradIpa nAmaka grantha jharane Adi ke jala ko prAsuka mAnakara usase mala zuddhi karane kA ullekha hai'| ataH cAhe AhAra ke lie pAtra na rakhA jAtA ho kintu zauca ke lie avazya rakhA jAtA hogA / phira bhI spaSTa sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM pAtra ke sambandha meM nirgrantha saMgha kI prArambhika sthiti kyA thI yaha kahanA kaThina hai / yadyapi sabhI zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya AgamoM meM pAtra, sambandhI ullekha haiM, kintu yApanIya paramparA meM usakA upayoga zauca ke lie hI kiyA jAtA thA, bhikSA ke lie nahIM / yApanIya granthoM meM use zaucopadhi hI kahA gayA hai / pAtra zaucopadhi ke rUpa meM grAhya thA, kintu yApanIya Agama bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM glAna, ati vRddha yA rogI muniyoM ko pAtra meM AhAra lAkara dene kI prathA rahI hai / mathurA meM lagabhaga prathama zatI kA eka aise muni kA aMkana milatA hai jo nagna hai, kintu eka hAtha meM pratilekhana ( picchI/ rajoharaNa ) aura dUsare hAtha meM jholI meM pAtra lie hue haiM / yaha pratimA 1. mUlAcAra - pradIpa pR0 128

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 487 yApanIyoM aura zvetAmbaroM ke alaga-alaga hone ke pUrva kI hai aura IsvI pUrva uttara bhArata meM nigrantha saMgha kI kyA sthiti thI, usakI sUcaka hai / isase bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM vRddha yA rogI sAdhu ko AhArAdi lAkara dene kI jo bAta hai usako bhI puSTi ho jAtI hai| paMcamahAvrata aura unakI bhAvanAe~-pA~ca mahAvatoM kI paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya tInoM pamraparAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArAMga ke dvitIya zruta skandha, samavAyAMga, AvazyakacUNi evaM AcArAMgacUrNi meM ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM IryA-samiti, manogupti, vacanagupti, AdAnabhANDa nikSepaNa samiti, aura Alokita pAna-bhojana aisI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha huA hai / ' inhIM pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha digambara paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha tathA kundakunda ke cAritra-pAhuDa meM bhI haA hai / 2 zvetAmbara paramparA ke upalabdha praznavyAkaraNasUtra, jo ki paravartI hai aura lagabhaga chaThI sadI kI racanA hai, meM Alokita pAna-bhojana kA ullekha nahIM hai, usake sthAna para eSaNA-samiti kA ullekha hai / isa sandarbha meM yApanIya paramparA ko sthiti bhinna hai| isake grantha mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM AcArAMga Adi zvetAmbara paramparA ke graMthoM meM ullikhita athavA kundakunda aura tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TokA meM ullikhita vacanagupti kA abhAva hai aura usake sthAna para praznavyAkaraNa kI eSaNA samiti ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA, tattvArthabhASya kA anusaraNa karate pratIta hote haiN| yaha bAta hama pUrva meM bho kaha cuke haiM ki aneka sandarbho meM yApanIya AcArya tattvArthabhASya kA anusaraNa karate haiN| Azcarya yahI hai ki jahA~ kundakunda isa prasaMga meM AcArAMga, samavAyAMga Adi zvetAmbara AgamoM kA anusaraNa kara rahe haiM vahA~ yApanIya paravartI Agama praznavyAkaraNa evaM tattvArthabhASya kA 1. (i) AcArAMga 2015 (i) AvazyakacUrNi-pratikramaNa adhyayana 1 (iii) AcArAMgacUrNi-mU0 pA0 Ti0 pR0 279 2. (i) tattvArthasUtra-713 (i) carittapAhuDa 31 3. (i) mUlAcAra 5 / 140 (ii) bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1200

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488 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya anusaraNa karake ahiMsA mahAvrata kI bhAvanA ke rUpa meM vacanagupti ke sthAna para eSaNA samiti ko sthAna dete haiM, aisA lagatA hai ki jaba nirgrantha saMgha meM pAtra meM bhikSA grahaNa karane kI paramparA pracalita huI hogI to usake pariNAmasvarUpa ahiMsAvata kI bhAvanA meM se vacanagupti ko haTAkara usake sthAna para eSaNA samiti ko rakha diyA gayA hogaa| jahA~ taka dvitIya mahAvrata kI bhAvanAoM kA prazna hai kramabheda ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA AcArAMga Adi sabhI AgamoM, cUrNiyoM tathA tattvArthasUtra meM ekarUpatA hI pAyI jAtI hai| yApanIya grantha mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI Agama, bhASya aura caNiyoM kA ho anusaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| sarvatra krodha, bhaya, lobha aura hAsya ke varjana ke sAtha anuvIcI bhASaNa ko satyAnuvartI bhAvanA kahA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM mAtra kundakunda aise haiM jo caritrapAhuDa meM anuvIcI bhASaNa ke sthAna para moha tyAga kA ullekha karate haiM / ataH isa sandarbha meM hama yahI kaha sakate haiM ki dvitIya mahAvata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM meM zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA meM ekarUpatA hai jabaki kundakunda ke anuvocI bhASaNa aura mohatyAga ko lekara unameM matabheda haiN| jahA~ taka tRtIya mahAvrata kI bhAvanAoM kA prazna hai zvetAmbara paraMparA meM AcArAMgasUtra meM jina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha hai unakA zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI Agama samavAMyAga, AvazyakarNi aura AcArAMgacUNi se mUla bhAvanA ko ekarUpatA hote hue bhI AMzika rUpa meM antara hai| jahA~ AcArAMga meM prathama bhAvanA vicArapUrvaka sImita sthAna kI yAcanA karanA hai vahA~ samavAyAMga meM sthAna kI bAra-bAra yAcanA karanA hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga meM jahA~ dvitIya bhAvanA anujJApita pAnabhojana-bhojI hai vahA~ samavAyAMga, AcArAMgacUrNi aura AvazyakacUrNi meM avagraha kI sImA jAnanA yA avagraha ( sthAna ) kI yAcanA karanA hai| AcArAMga meM tIsarI bhAvanA sImA aura samaya ke ullekhapUrvaka sthAna kI yAcanA karanA hai| yadyapi yaha bhAvanA samavAyAMga, AcArAMgaNi, Adi meM samAna rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai| AcArAMga meM cauthI bhAvanA sthAna ke lie bAra-bAra yAcanA karanA hai / jabaki samavAyAMga meM use sAmiyoM ke sthAna kA bhI unakI AjJApUrvaka upayoga karanA batAyA gayA hai, kintu AcArAMgacUrNi evaM AvazyakacUNi meM isake sthAna para guru kI AjJApUrvaka AhAra-pAnI kA upayoga karanA kahA gayA hai| pAMcavIM

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nirgrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 489 bhAvanA-vicArapUrvaka sAdharmiyoM se sImita sthAna kI yAcanA karanA hai / AcArAMgaNi aura AvazyakacaNi meM isakA isI ruu| meM ullekha hai| __isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI AcArAMga se prArambha karake samavAyAMga ke kAla taka ina bhAvanAoM meM parivartana huA hai aura inake krama aura artha meM bhI antara AyA hai / AcArAMga kA anujJApita pAna-bhojana Age calakara guru kI AjJApUrvaka pAna-bhojana bana gayA / jaba upAzrayoM meM bhojana karane kI paramparA zurU huI hogI tabhI isake artha meM parivartana AyA hogaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM praznavyAkaraNa ke kAla meM Akara to tRtIya mahAvrata kI pA~coM bhAvanAoM ke svarUpa meM parivartana A gayA / usameM nirdoSa upAzraya, nirdoSa saMstAraka, zayyA parikarmavarjana, anujJAta pAna-bhojana aura sAdharma vinaya ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai|' yahA~ yAcanA zabda ke sthAna para nirdoSatA zabda para adhika bala diyA gyaa| nirdoSa saMstAraka aura zayyA parikarmavarjana meM ye-do naI bhAvanAe~ judd'iiN| anya tIna bhAvanAoM ke artha meM bhI antara aayaa| tattvArthasUtra ( sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha) meM inake sthAna para zUnyAgAravAsa, vimocitAvAsa, paroparodhAkaraNa, bhikSAzuddhi aura sadharma avisaMvAda diye gae haiN| jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ tattvArthabhASya meM krama-bheda ko chor3akara isa mahAvrata kI pA~coM vahI bhAvanAe~ haiM jinakA ullekha zvetAmbara AgamoM meM pAyA jAtA hai vahIM isake viparIta digambara paramparA ke tattvArtha ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATa meM inheM bhinna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne carittapAhuDa meM inhIM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI praznavyAkaraNa ke upalabdha paravartI saMskaraNa meM inheM kiMcita parivartana ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA-jaise zUnyAgAravAsa ke sthAna para nirdoSa upAzraya tathA paroparodhAkaraNa ke sthAna para zayyAparikarmavarjana hai| yahA~ nirdoSa saMstAraka aura zayyAparikarmavarjana bilakula alaga hai / bhikSAzuddhi aura sadharmaavisaMvAda ke sthAna para anujJAta bhaktapAna Adi hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tIsare vrata kI bhAvanAoM ke sandarbha meM eka hI sampradAya meM bhI bhinnabhinna paramparAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| yadi isI sandarbha meM yApanIya dRSTikoNa paravicAra kiyA jAya to aisA lagatA hai ki yApanIya dRSTikoNa kiMcita rUpa se Agama kA anusaraNa karatA hai aura kiMcit rUpa meM bhinna bhI hai| usake anusAra yAcanApUrvaka sthAna Adi kA grahaNa samanojJa vyaktiyoM 1. prazna vyAkaraNa-tRtIya saMvara dvAra

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490 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ke sAtha ananyabhAva se rahanA, vyakta vastu kA hI grahaNa karanA aura sAdharmI ke upakaraNoM kA vicArapUrvaka sevana karanA hai| yahA~ spaSTa hai ki mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kiMcit parivartana ke sAtha Agamika paramparA kA hI anusaraNa huA hai| jJAtavya hai ki mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA jo eka hI paramparA ke grantha hai, meM bhI ina pA~coM bhAvanAoM ko lekara paraspara antara hai| jahA~ taka caturthaM mahAvrata kI bhAvanAoM kA prazna hai AcArAMga, samavAyAMga, tattvArthabhASya, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura carittapAhuDa ina sabhI meM ve samAna rUpa se hI varNita haiM kevala zAbdika bhinnatA ko chor3akara una meM kahIM bhI bhAvagata bhinnatA nahIM hai, yadyapi krama meM kiMcit antara bhI pAyA jAtA hai / jahA~ AcArAMga meM strIkathA niSedha ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai vahA~ mUlAcAra meM usakA sthAna cauthA hai| isI prakAra jahA~ strI, paza, napUsaka Adi se saMsakta zayyA aura Asana kA niSedha AcArAMga meM pAMcaveM sthAna para hai vahIM mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM vaha tIsare sthAna para hai| isa prakAra krama sambandhI antara ko chor3akara kahIM koI vizeSa antara parilakSita nahIM hotaa| yahA~ bhI yApanIya paramparA ne Agamika paramparA kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| jahA~ taka paJcama mahAvrata kA prazna hai AcArAMga, samavAyAMga, tattvArthasUtra mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM isa vrata kI bhAvanAoM ke nAmoM meM koI antara nahIM haiN| sabhI pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM ke sevana ke niSedha ko hI parigraha vrata kI pAMca bhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| yahA~ bhI Agamika evaM yApanIya paramparA meM kAlakrama kA antara hai / AcArAMga meM krama hai-manojJa, zabda, rUpa, gaMdha, sa aura sparza ke prati rAga-dveSa kA niSedha / jabaki-mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM-zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa aura gaMdha yaha krama diyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA yaha krama anya darzanoM meM paMcIkaraNa meM paMcamahAbhUtoM ke diye gae krama ke anurUpa hI hai| jabaki AcArAMga Adi meM yaha krama isa rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki paMcamahAvratoM aura unakI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM ko lekara Agamika paramparA aura mUlAcAra tathA bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI yApanIya paramparA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| mAtra krama Adi kA bheda hai jo eka hI paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM Agamika paramparA meM

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nigraMnya saMgha meM upakaraNoM ko vikAsa yAtrA : 491 jisa rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha hai usakA bhI vrata, aNuvrata ke rUpa meM ullekha yApanIya paramparA meM milatA hai jisakI carcA hama Age kareMgerAtri-bhojana-niSeSa-chaThAvata ___digambara, zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAoM meM jainAcAra kI apekSA se vivAda kA mukhya viSaya to vastra-pAtra ke grahaNa ko lekara hI rahA jisakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiM, sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki isa saMbaMdha meM ina tInoM paramparAoM kI bhUlabhUta mAnyatAoM meM kyA antara thA? jahA~ taka paMcamahAvratoM aura rAtri-bhojana-niSedha nAmaka chaThe vrata kA prazna hai paMca mahAvratoM kA sAmAnya vivaraNa sabhI paramparAoM meM samAna hai, unake nAma evaM krama bhI vahI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvaprathama AcArAMga meM ina pA~ca mahAvratoM aura unakI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / bhAvanAoM kA yaha ullekha usake dvitIya zrutaskandha ke aMtima adhyAya meM hai| usameM rAtri-bhojana niSedha kA svatantra ullekha vrata ke rUpa meM nahIM hai kintu sUtrakRtAGga meM upalabdha vIrastuti se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ne jisa prakAra vratoM meM brahmacarya para bala dekara use svatantra sthAna diyA thA usI prakAra unhoMne rAtri-bhojana niSedha para bhI vizeSa bala dekara usako bhI svatantra sthAna diyA hogaa|' yahI kAraNa hai ki dazakAlika Adi AgamoM meM rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko eka svatantra vrata ke rUpa meM hI ginAyA gayA hai / isa sambandha meM jahA~ taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai usake granthoM meM tattvArthasUtra kA anusaraNa karate hue pA~ca mahAvratoM kA hI vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra meM prathama mahAvrata kI Alokita pAna bhojana nAmaka bhAvanA ke rUpa meM rAtri-bhojana niSedha kA ullekha hai parantu tatvArthasUtra kI digambara TIkAoM aura anya digambara granthoM meM usakI gaNanA svatantra vrata ke rUpa meM nahIM kI gaI hai| yahA~ taka ki aneka sandarbho meM Agamika paramparA kA anusaraNa karane vAle kundakunda ne bhI rAtri-bhojana-niSedha kA chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM kahIM ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya meM dazavekAlika Adi se prArambha karake paravartI aneka granthoM meM rAtribhojana-niSedha kA svatantra vrata ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai aura use chaThA vrata kahA gayA hai / jabaki pUjyapAda akalaMka, vidyAnanda Adi digambara 1. se vAriyA itthi sarAi mattaM |-suutrkRtaaNg 1 / 6 / 28 2. ahAvare chaThe bhaMte vae rAIbhoyaNAo veramaNaM snvN"| dazavakAlika 4

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492 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya AcAryoM ne apanI apano tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM spaSTatayA isa bAta kA niSedha kiyA hai ki rAtri-bhojana-viramaNa chaThA vrata hai|' isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki ina AcAryoM ke samakSa eka aisI paramparA thI jo rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko svatantra vrata yA anuvrata mAnatI thI, jisakA unhe apanI kRtiyoM meM khaNDana karanA pdd'aa| spaSTa hai ki usa samaya zvetAmbara paramparA ora yApanIya paramparA use chaThA vrata mAnatI thii| __isI saMdarbha meM yadi hama yApanIya granthoM ko dekhate haiM to malAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM rAtri-bhojana kA svatantra vrata ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM hai parantu mUlAcAra meM ina vratoM kI rakSA ke lie 'rAtribhojananivRtti' kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI pA~ca mahAvratoM ko carcA ke sAtha isakA ullekha hone se yaha Agamika mAnyatA ke nikaTa ho hai / mAtra yahI nahIM bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA, pratikramaNa graMthatrayI, chedapiNDa zAstra Adi yApanIya granthoM meM rAtri bhojana niSedha ko spaSTataH chaThA vrata kahA gayA jabaki digambara paramparA meM rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko na to svatantra vrata hI kahA gayA hai aura na usakI gaNanA mUlaguNoM meM hI huI hai apitu use ekabhakta ke antargata athavA Alokita pAna bhojana ke antargata hI samAviSTa mAna liyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA prazna hai, usameM AcArAMga aura tattvArthabhASya ko chor3akara dazavakAlika Adi anya graMthoM meM rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko prAyaH chaThA vrata kahA gayA hai| __isa prakAra jahA~ zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sampradAya ne rAtri bhojana niSedha ko chaThA vrata kahA, vahA~ yApanIya sampradAya se vikasita ka SThAsaMgha meM rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko chaThA aNuvrata svIkAra kiyA gayA kintu digambara paramparA kI tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM use svatantra vrata na mAnakara usakA samAveza prathama mahAvrata kI Alokita bhojana-pAna nAmaka bhAvanA 1. (a) nanu ca SaSThamaNuvratamasti rAtribhojanaviramaNaM tadihopa saMkhyAtavyam / nabhAvanAsvantarbhAvAt / -sarvArthasiddhi 7 / 1 (ba) tattvArthavArtika-akalaMka, 7/1 kI TIkA (sa) tattvArthazlokavArtika-vidyAnanda 71 kI TIkA 2. tesiM ceva vadANaM rakkha TheM rAdibhoyaNa niyatI / -mUlAcAra ( mANikacandra ) granthamAlA 5 / 98

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nirgrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 493 meM kiyA gayA hai / jJAtavya hai ki sarvaprathama dazavakAlikasUtra meM hI rAtri bhojana niSedha ko spaSTataH chaThA vrata kahA gayA hai| kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha paramparA ati prAcIna hai| hama pUrva meM hI yaha batA cuke hai ki pArzvanAtha kI paramparA meM mahAvIra dvArA kiye gaye AcAra saMbaMdhI pramukha saMzodhanoM meM eka saMzodhana rAtri-bhojana niSedha kA spaSTa vidhAna karanA bhI thA / zvetAmbara AcArya jinadAsa gaNi kI dazavaikAlika caNi aura yApanIya AcArya aparAjitasari kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ka tIrtha meM rAtri-bhojana-viramaNa ko chaThA vrata mAnA jAtA hai aura pA~ca mahAvratoM ke pAlanArtha hI rAtribhojana-viramaNa nAmaka chaThe vrata kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ digambara paramparA rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko ahiMsA mahAvrata kI bhAvanAoM meM samAhitakara mAtra use ahiMsA mahAvrata ke rakSaNa ke lie hI Avazyaka mAnatI hai vahA~ zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAyeM pA~coM mahAvratoM ke rakSaNArtha rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha karatI hai| jahA~ digambara paramparA use prathama mahAvrata ke Alokita bhojana pAna meM antabhukta mAnatI hai, vahA~ zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAyeM use eka svatantra vrata bhI mAnatI haiN| ___ isa saMdarbha meM zvetAmbara yApanIya kASThAsaMghIya aura digambara paramparAoM meM jo-jo sUkSma antara haiM unheM bhI hameM samajha lenA caahie| jahA~ zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA use chaThA vrata kahatI hai, vahA~ kASThAsaMghoya use chaThA aNuvrata kahate haiM kintu digambara paramparA use na to vrata kahatI hai aura na aNavrata, apitu usakA antarbhAva prathama mahAvrata kI Alokita bhojana-pAna nAmaka bhAvanA meM karatI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana meM tathA samavAyAMga, mUlAcAra aura tattvArtha bhASya meM prathama mahAvrata kI bhAvanAoM meM Alokita bhojana-pAna kA ullekha hai', kintu praznavyAkaraNa meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai / mUlAcAra 1. (a) AcArAMga, 2015 (ba) samavAyAMga 25vAM samavAya (sa) mUlAcAra, 5 / 140 (da) tattvArthabhASya, 73

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494 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya meM bhI prathama mahAvrata kI bhAvanAoM meM vacanagupti kA ullekha na hokara Alokita pAna bhojana kA hI ullekha huA hai / -- jaisA ki hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke haiM ki sarvaprathama dazavekAlika ke caturtha adhyAya meM 'ahAvare chaTThe bhante vaye rAyabhoaNa viramaNaM" kahakara rAtri - bhojana niSedha ko chaThA vrata kahA gayA hai / dazavekAlika kI cUrNi meM kahA gayA hai ki jina-pravacana meM pA~ca mahAvrata hI prasiddha haiM to phira mahAvratoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM rAtri bhojana kA varNana kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara dete hue AcArya kahate haiM ki 'prathama aura antima jinavaroM ke kAla meM puruSoM kA svabhAva kramazaH Rjujar3a aura vakrajar3a hone ke kAraNa pA~ca mahAvratoM ke bAda chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM rAtri bhojananiSedha kA alaga se vivecana kiyA jAtA hai aura use mahAvrata ke samAna ho mAnA jAtA hai / jabaki madhyakAla ke tIrthaMkaroM ke kAla meM ise uttara guNoM meM samAviSTa kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ - 'mahavvayamiva mannatAM yaha kathana vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya hai / isI kI puSTi aparAjitasUri ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kI hai / ve kahate haiM ki'prathama aura antima tIrthaMkaroM ke kAla meM pA~ca mahAvrata aura chaThA rAtribhojana viramaNavrata hotA hai / paMca mahAvratoM ke pAlana ke lie hI rAtri bhojana viramaNavrata kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha dRSTikoNa bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI gAthA 1179 aura 1980 meM tathA mUlAcAra kI gAthA 295 aura 296 meM samAnarUpa se upalabdha hai / donoM kI gAthAe~ zabdazaH samAna haiM / isase spaSTa hai ki isa sambandha meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra kA dRSTikoNa vahI hai jo ki dazavekAlikasUtra aura usake cUrNikAra kA hai| rAtri bhojana tyAga ke abhAva meM pA~coM mahAvratoM kA kisa prakAra khaNDana hotA hai - isa sambandha meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura zvetAmbara AgamoM ke TIkAkAroM kA dRSTikoNa samAna hI hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura usakI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai'yadi muni rAtri meM bhikSA ke lie bhramaNa karatA hai to asa aura sthAvara jIvoM kA ghAta karatA hai, kyoMki rAtri meM unako dekha sakanA kaThina hai / 1. dazavakAlika adhyAya, 4/6 2. dazakAlika agasyasiMhacUrNi ( prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI ) pR0 86 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhAga 1 ( paM0 kailAzacaMdra ) gAthA 423 kI TIkA pU0 330

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nirgrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 495 rAtri meM denevAle ke Ane kA mArga, usake anna rakhane kA sthAna, apane ucchiSTa bhojana ke girane kA sthAna, diyA jAnevAlA AhAra yogya hai athavA nahIM-yaha saba bhikSu kaise dekha sakatA hai ? dina meM bhI jinakA parihAra kaThina hai una rasaja atisUkSma jIvoM kA parihAra rAtri meM kaise kara sakatA hai ? karachala, athavA dene vAle kA hAtha athavA pAtra ko dekhe binA kaise AhAra zodhana kara sakatA hai ? ina sabakI samyak rUpa se parIkSA kiye binA pada vibhAgI eSaNA samiti kI AlocanA na karane para sAdhu kA vrata kaise raha sakatA hai ? dAna kA svAmo soyA huA ho aura usake dvArA na diye gaye AhAra ko kisI anya ke hAtha se lene para adattAdAna (binA dI huI vastu kA grahaNa) khlaayegaa| kisI bhAjana meM dina meM lAkara rakhe aura rAtri meM bhojana kare to aparigraha kA lopa hogA, kintu rAtri-bhojana kA tyAga karane se saba vrata sampUrNa rahate haiN| __dazavakAlika meM rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "sabhI buddhoM (tIyaMkaroM) ne eka samaya bhojana ko lajjAyukta vRtti aura nitya tapa karma kahA hai| jo trasa aura sthAvara atisUkSma prANI haiM unheM rAtri meM nahIM dekha pAne ke kAraNa muni AhAra gaveSaNA kaise kara sakatA hai ? udaka se Ardra bIjoM se saMsakta AhAra se yA pRthvI para rahe hue sUkSma prANiyoM kI hiMsA se dina meM hI bacA jA sakatA hai, rAtri meM nhiiN| ataH rAtri meM bhikSAcaryA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? inhIM doSoM ko dekhakara jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne yaha kahA hai ki nirgrantha saba prakAra kA AhAra rAtri meM nahIM karatA hai| rAtri meM bhojana se na kevala prANiyoM ko hiMsA hotI hai apitu usase anya vrata bhI bhaMga hote haiN| yathA-yadi rAtri meM bhikSATana karane jAyegA to andhakAra ho jAne se nirlajjatA bhI bar3ha sakatI hai, phalataH maithunAdi dASoM kA prasaMga bhI upasthita honA sambhava hai| kabhI-kabhI svArthasiddhi ke lie asatya kA prayoga bhI kara sakatA hai / adattAdAna aura parigraha kA bhAva bho rAtri meM gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM jAne se ho sakatA hai, ataH rAtri meM AhAra-vihAra se saMyama virAdhanA ke antargata ye saba doSa utpanna ho sakate haiN| - tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki rAtri-bhojana se sabhI mahAvrata bhaMga hote haiM, isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-gAthA 1179-1180 kI TIkA / 2. dazavakAlika, 6/23-26

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496 : jainadharma kA yAyanIya sampradAya kA dRSTikoNa samAna hI thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha prazna bho uThAyA gayA thA ki rAtri-bhojana mUlaguNa hai athavA uttaraguNa hai / dazavaikAlika niyukti meM rAtri-bhojana viramaNa ko vrataSaTaka meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai aura yaha mAnA gayA ki rAtri-bhojana viramaNa mUlaguNa nahIM hai kintu mUlaguNoM kI rakSA ke lie Avazyaka hone se usakA pratipAdana mUlaguNoM ke sAtha hI kiyA gayA hai / AcArya haribhadra kI dRSTi meM madhyavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke zramaNoM ke lie rAtri-bhojana viramaNa uttaraguNa hotA hai, jabaki prathama aura antima tIrthaMkara zramaNoM ke lie vaha mUlaguNa hotA hai' / rAtri-bhojana viramaNa ke sAtha eka samaya bhojana kA prazna bhI jur3A huA hai / 'dagambara aura yApanIya paramparA ke praznoM meM eka samaya bhojana ko mUlaguNa mAnA hai| zvetAmbara mAnya dazavaikAlika ( 6 / 23) bhI spaSTa rUpa se to eka samaya bhojana kA hI vidhAna karatA hai| paravartI zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo sUryodaya se lekara sUryAsta ke pUrva taka pUre dina bhojana grahaNa karane kI anujJA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha bhI apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM hI mAnya huI thI, kintu Aja vaha sAmAnya niyama bana gaI hai| __na kevala jaina paramparA apitu bauddha aura vaidika paramparAyeM bhI rAtri bhojana kA niSedha karatI haiM tathA bhikSu ke dina meM bhI eka hI samaya bhojana kA pratipAdana karatI haiN| unameM bhikSu ke lie 'vikAla' bhojana arthAt madhyakAla ke pazcAt bhojana karanA niSiddha hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhikSuoM ke lie vikAla bhojana evaM rAtri-bhojana ko tyAjya batAyA gayA hai| majjhimanikAya ( kITAgirisUtta 70 ) meM buddha kahate haiM-he bhikSuo! maiMne rAtri-bhojana ko chor3a diyA hai, usase mere zarIra meM vyAdhi kama ho gaI hai, jADa ya kama ho gayA hai, zarIra meM bala AyA hai, citta ko zAnti milI hai / he bhikSuoM ! tuma bhI aisA hI AcaraNa rakho / yadi tuma rAtri meM bhojana karanA chor3a doge to tumhAre zarIra meM vyAdhi kama hogI, jADya kama hogA, zarIra meM bala AyegA aura tumhAre citta ko zAnti milegii| bauddha paramparA meM dina ke bAraha baje ke pazcAt se lekara dUsare dina sUryodaya ke pUrva taka kA samaya 'vikAla' mAnA jAtA hai| usa samaya ke bIca bhojana karanA bauddha bhikSu ke lie varjita hai| ___suttanipAta meM kahA gayA hai ki rAtri ke bIta jAne para hI bhikSu bhikSA ke lie grAma meM praveza kre| vaha na to kisI kA nimantraNa svI1. dazavaikAlika, hAribhadrIyavRtti, 48 pR0 100

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 497 kAra kare aura na kisI ke dvArA sammukha lAye hue bhojana ko hI svIkAra kre| punaH suttanipAta (25 / 26) meM hI paMcazIloM kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha SaSThazIla ke rUpa meM rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu rAtri meM vikAla-bhojana na kre| isase spaSTa hai ki jisa prakAra jaina-paramparA meM pA~ca mahAvratoM ke sAtha chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA usI prakAra bauddha-paramparA meM paMcazIloM ke sAtha SaSThazIla ke rUpa meM rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM ke samAna hI vaidika (brAhmaNIya) paramparA meM bhI saMnyAsI ke lie rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha hai| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM mArakaNDeya RSi kahate haiM ki he rAjan ! rAtri meM bhojana kriyA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / jo sUryAsta ke pUrva bhojana kara letA hai, use mahAn puNya prApta hotA hai| eka bAra bhojana karane vAlA agnihotrI ke barAbara puNya prApta karatA hai aura jo sUryAsta ke pUrva bhojana karatA hai vaha tIrthayAtrA ke phala ko prApta karatA hai| yadi svajana kI mRtyu para sUtaka hotA hai to phira divAnAtha sUrya ke asta ho jAne para bhojana kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| sUryAsta ke bAda jalapAna-rudhirapAna ke samAna aura anna ko mAMsa ke samAna kahA gayA hai| skandapurANa' se bhI inhIM tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai| isa prakAra jahA~ zvetAmbara aura yApanIya ise chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, vahA~ acela paramparA kA kASThAsaMgha jo ki yApanIya paramparA se hI vikasita huA hai, use chaThA aNuvrata kahatA hai| hama pUrva meM isa bAta ko spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki kASThAsaMgha kI jo vizeSatAe~ darzanasAra meM batAI gaI haiM unameM striyoM kI punardIkSA, kSullakoM kI vIracaryA tathA rAtri-bhojana-niSedha ko chaThA aNuvrata mAnA gayA hai / yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki kASThAsaMgha se sambandhita jaina vidvAnoM bhI rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko chaThe aNuvrata ke rUpa meM hI uddhRta karate haiN| paM0 AzAdhara jI ne yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki ise mahAvrata na kahakara aNuvrata kyoM kahA gayA hai ? isake uttara meM ve kahate haiM ki kevala rAtri meM bhojana kA tyAga hone se aura dina meM grahaNa kiye jAne kI anumati hone se kAla kI dRSTi se isakA pAlana AMzika hotA hai, ataH ise aNuvrata kahA gayA hai" kintu hama spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki use aNuvrata kahane 1. skanDapurANa-ska0-7, adhyAya 11, zloka 233

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498 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kI yaha paramparA kASThAsaMghIya hai, yApanIyoM yA zvetAmbaroM kI nahIM / ve ise mahAvrata nahIM, mAtra vrata hI kahate haiM / digambara paramparA meM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha jo 'muni pratikramaNasUtra' upalabdha hai usameM 'ahAvare chaTTa aNuvade rAI bhojanAdo veramaNaM' kahakara ise chaThA aNuvrata kahA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM yaha muni pratikramaNa vastutaH yApanIya paramparA se hI kASThAsaMgha ke mAdhyama se digambara paramparA ko prApta huA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki kundakunda kI paramparA meM pratikramaNa Adi bAhya kriyAoM kA koI sthAna nahIM thA, kyoMki kundakunda ne to use viSa ghaTa kahA thA / ataH pratikramaNa kI paramparA yApanIya aura unase vikasita anya acela paramparAoM meM rahI hai aura una sabhI meM rAtri bhojana niSedha ko chaThe aNuvrata ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, raft digambara paramparA use chaThA vrata yA chaThA aNuvrata nahIM mAnatI hai / na kevala yApanIya pratikramaNa pAThoM meM, apitu yApanIya prAyazcitta granthoM meM bhI isakA ullekha SaSThavrata ke rUpa meM huA hai / chedapiMDa aura chedazAstra donoM meM ho ise SaSThavrata kahA gayA hai, yadyapi SaSThavrata kA yaha ullekha unakI puSpikA meM hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ zvetAmbara ise mahAvrata sama SaSThavrata yApanIya SaSThavrata aura kASThAsaMghIya SaSTha aNuvrata kahakara use svIkAra karatI hai vahA~ digambara paramparA, ise svatantra rUpa se na to vrata mAnatI hai aura na aNuvrata / yaha hama pUrva meM hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki tatvArtha sUtra kI digambara TIkAoM meM yaha prazna bhI uThAyA gayA hai ki rAtri bhojana tyAga muni kA chaThA aNuvrata hai, ataH isakI gaNanA ( vratoM meM ) karanI cAhie / kintu sarvArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAda rAjavArtika meM akalaMkadeva tathA zlokavArtika meM vidyAnanda ne ise svatantra vrata na mAnakara isakA antarbhAva Alokita pAna - bhojana nAmaka prathama mahAvrata kI bhAvanA meM hI kiyA hai / isase spaSTa phalita hotA hai ki koI bhI digambarAcArya ise svatantra mahAvrata mAnane ke pakSa meM nahIM hai / DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ne apane grantha "yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya' meM rAtri bhojana viramaNa ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki- 'durbhikSa ke samaya uttara-bhArata ke zramaNa rAtri meM bhojana lene lage hoMge yA rakhane lage hoMge jaisA ki bRhatkathAkoza kI bhadrabAhu kathA se saMketa milatA hai, tabhI usake parihAra ke lie rAtri bhojanaparityAga ko chaTheM vrata ke rUpa meM pari

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nigrantha saMgha meM upakaraNoM kI vikAsa yAtrA : 499 gaNita kiyA gayA hogA kintu merI dRSTi meM unakI yaha dhAraNA samucita nahIM hai kyoMki rAtribhojana-tyAga ko vizeSa mahatva dene aura use chaThe vrata ke rUpa meM parigaNita karane kI paramparA atiprAcIna hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI vIra stuti meM tathA dazavaikAlika meM isa sambandha me ullekha upalabdha hone se ise bhadrabAhukAlIna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki ye donoM hI grantha bhadrabAhu prathama ke pUrva ke haiM aura hariSeNa ke bRhadkathAkoza kI apekSA to 1000 varSa se bhI adhika prAcIna haiN| vastutaH rAtribhojana viramaNa ko mahattva dene evaM svatantra vrata ke rUpa meM mAnya karane kI paramparA svayaM mahAvIra kI hI dena hai| kyoMki pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma dharma meM mahAvIra ne brahmacarya aura rAtribhojana niSedha ko svataMtra vrata ke rUpa meM jor3A thaa| isa samasta carcA kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki rAtri-bhojana niSedha ko SaSThavrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kI paramparA zvetAmbara aura yApanIya hI hai| digambara paramparA use SaSThavrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karake usakA antarbhAva Alokita bhojanapAna nAmaka prathama vrata kI bhAvanA meM karatI hai| isa prakAra ye kucha pramukha vicAraNIya prazna haiM jinake sambandha meM yApanIya paramparA kA dRSTikoNa zvetAmbara yA digambara paramparAoM se bhinna rahA hai, inakI hamane yahA~ carcA ko hai| zeSa dArzanika evaM AcAra sambandhI praznoM para yApanIyoM kA dRSTikoNa anya donoM sampradAyoM ke samAna hI hai ataH unako carcA karanA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai /

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akalaMka, 149, 158, 246, 258, 267, 270, 281, 308, 310, 311 arkakIrti, 28, 36, 63, 204 ajitanAtha, 183, 216 arddhasphAlaka, 15, 169 adaraci 38 apyapoTTi 42 abhayanandi, 149 abhidhAna cintAmaNi, 182 amaramudala guru, 28 amaracanda, 133 ammarAja dvitIya, zabdAnukramaNikA adhyAtmamataparIkSA, 201 A anantanAthapurANa, 145, 186, 189 anantavIrya, 189 AurapaccakkhANa, 135 AgarA, 60 antakRddazA, 176 annakAputra, 169 AcArAGga, 9, 10, 15,52,209, 210, anAgata vaMza, 119 263, 274 anuyogadvAra, 101, 136, 210, 320, AcArAGgacUrNi, 57 AcArakalpa, 142 321, 322 aparAjita, 71, 115, 123, 124, 154, AcArya kAlaka, 85 139 AcArya gozarmA, 19 158, 165, 202, 327, 330, 366 AcArya jaTila, 237 AcArya devagupta, 264 AcArya rAhu, 218 AcArya vijaya, 218 AcArya sarpasena (nAgasena), 20 28 amRtacandra, 61, 308, 338 amitagati, 125, 338 amoghavarSa, 28, 204 amoghavRtti, 32, 125, 200, 202, 203, 204, 311 ayyapArya, 146 aruMgala anvaya, 149 azvamitra, 13 azoka, 369 aSTaka, 225 ahamadanagara, 379 ahibaraNa, 374, 376 arhannandi, 29, 38 arhanmuni, 178 AturapratyAkhyAna, 110, 192, 193 AtmArAmajI, 245, 262, 263, 286, 319 AdipurANa, 121, 186, 339, 340, 351 Andhrapradeza, 93 AptaparIkSA, 243 AptamImAMsA, 314 ApTe, 166 ApulIsaMghIya, 181 Aryakula, 19, 20

Page #518
502 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya AryakRSNa, 15, 16, 20, 23, 85, 362, oNspekTsa oNpha jainAlaoNjI, II, 8 369, 371, 372 Arya guNadhara, 88, 91 indra, 145, 178 Aryacandra, 19, 20 indraguru, 146 AryikA jJAnamatI, 131 indranandi, 24, 33, 90, 91, 92, 143, Aryadharma, 231 144, 189, 202, 254, 262 AryanAga, 20, 218, 219 indranandi saMhitA, 146, 148 Arya nAgahasti, 87, 88, 91, 92, 344 indrabhUti, 180 Arya nakSatra, 18, 20 Arya nandi, 92 Arya nandila, 83, 84, 85, 95 uggahiNI, 371 Aryabhadra, 18, 19 20, 219, 236 uccakalpanagarI, 377 Arya mahAgiri, 353 uccairnAgara ( uccanAgarI zAkhA ), 96, Arya maMkSu, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 140, 236, 349, 355, 361, 92, 111, 112, 344 / / 362, 363, 364, 370, 373, Arya rakSa, 19, 20 375, 376, 378, 379, 380 AryarakSita, 25, 219, 382 ujjayinI, 317 AryikA rAtrimatIkanti, 31 ujjaMtagiri, 94 Arya vana, 95, 96, 145, 218, 219, 370 uttarapurANa, 182 Arya vRddha, 235, 236 uttarAdhyayana, 9, 10, 136, 200, 201, Arya vRddhahasti, 231 263, 272, 274, 275, 313, Arya zyAma, 112 318, 319, 346 Arya skandila, 230 udayagiri, 19 Arya svAmI, 219 udyotanasuri, 179, 186 Arya hastI, 84 upAsakAdhyayana, 338 ArAdhanA koSa, 115,.137 upAsakadazA, 194, 212, 334, 335, Avazyaka, 141 336, 337, 340 Avazyaka cUrNi, 8, 21 ubhayasiddhAnta cakravartI, 31 Avazyaka niyukti, 13, 16, 106, 109, umAsvAti, 99, 113, 206, 231, 236, 193, 200, 202, 215, 326, 240, 244, 245, 246, 248, 249, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 369 252, 257, 260, 262, 264, 265, Avazyaka mUla bhASya, 14 266, 267, 270, 272, 273, 275, Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti, 216 278, 281, 299, 300, 301,305, AzAdhara, 61 311,318,319,320,330, 331, ASADha, 13 336,337,338,340,344,349,

Page #519
zabdAnukramaNikA : 503 ka 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, kaNDUragaNa, 32, 37 356, 362, 363, 366, 367, 371, kamaTha, 199 / / 372, 373, 378, 379, 380, 382 kamalabhavana, 187 karmazAstra, 148 kaTakAbharaNa, 41, 248 U~cAhAra, 376 U~ceharA, 376, 377, 379, 380 kaDava, 35, 36, 204 kaNTha, 199 kaNapa, 93 RSabha, 211, 213 karNATaka, 26, 39, 63,93, 166, 167, RSigupta, 19 183, 236 RSibhAsita, 176 karahATaka, 23 kavi paramezvara, 177 ekavIra, 30, 39 kallappA bharamappA niTave, 294 ekasambi, 31 kalkI, 113 e. ena. upAdhye, 1, 5, 33, 215, 223, kalpa, 10, 210 224, 232, 233, 236, 357 kalpasUtra, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20, 23, eregittura gaNa, 35 52, 87, 355, 362, 364, 370, 373, 376, 384 aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, 377 kalpabhAvi, 40 airAvata kSetra, 214 kalyANa vijayajI, 85, 214, 219, 248, 374, 375 kasAyapAhuDa, 47, 81, 82, 88, 245, aupapAtika, 335, 336, 337, 340 246, 250, 344, 349, 350, 360, 370 aMgaprajJapti, 318 kArtikeyANuprekSA, 339 aMgabATya sAhitya, 245 kANUragaNa, 189 aMgasAhitya, 245 . kAlaNa, 31 kAlidAsa, 230 kagavADa, 32 kASThAsaMgha, 56, 57, 115, 144 kathAkoSa prakaraNa, 94 kASThAgrAma, 57 kanakanandi, 147 kAzyapIya arhat, 18 kanakopalasambhUtavRkSamUlagaNa, 34, 35, 41 kAzyapIya gotra, 18 kaniMghama, 149, 374, 376 kAzI, 20 kaniSka, 370 kityAcArya, 35 kammapayaDI cUrNi, 114 kitUra, 167 a

Page #520
504 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya kIrti, 180 kailAzacandra zAstrI, 15,71,74,76, 77, kIrtinandi, 35 122, 158, 244, 282, 307, kIrtisena, 91 345, 348 kIrappAkama, 35 koTTavIra, 17, 22, 369 kundakunda, 47, 70, 98, 99, 194, 198, koTikagaNa, 235, 236, 264, 373 210, 212, 237, 240, 245, koTimaDuvagaNa, 28, 40, 238 246, 247, 248, 252, 275, koTivarSiyA, 355 276, 287, 313, 316, 317, koDambAnI, 374 318,319, 337, 338, 339, 351 korayagaNa, 39 kundakundAnvaya, 55, 100, 189 koppala, 189, 190 kuppaTUra, 38 kola, 27 kumaranagarI, 78 kolhApura, 35, 36, 166, 294 kumaripura, 43 kauTilIya arthazAstra, 310 kumArakIrti, 31 kauDinya, 17, 22, 369 kumArakIrti paNDitadeva, 36 kauzAmbiyA, 374 kumAradatta, 27 kauzAmbI, 377, 378 kumArasena, 56 kumudigaNa, 30, 39 khANDilagaccha, 85 kumuligaNa, 39 khoha, 377 kulamaNDanasUri, 94 khaMDalaka, 157 kuvalayamAlA, 94, 186 kuvilAcArya, 28, 37, 63 kusuma paToriyA, 42, 58,61, 145, 221. gajasukumAla, 176 223, 268, 271, 273, 277 gaNDarAdivya, 36 kurcaka, 48 girinagara, 98 kurcaka saMgha, 185 girinAra, 95 kUrci bhaTTAraka, 177 gujarAta, 64 kRSNa, 180 guNacandra, 189 kRSNavarmA, 27 guNacandra mahAmuni, 41 kRSNarAja, 149 guNadhara, 82, 86, 92 kRSNA, 376 guNandhara, 85 ke. DI. vAjapeyI, 379 guNabhadra, 100, 177, 179, 180 ke pI. pAThaka, 200 guNaratna, 60 ke palibhukti prakaraNa, 200, 202, 205 / / guNavarma dvitIya, 187 kezavanandi, 42 gurumUla, 363

Page #521
zabdAnukramaNikA : 505 gulAbacandra caudharI, 34, 35, 42 cArukIrti, 37 gRddhapicchAcArya, 240, 241, 242, 351, ciMgalapeTa , 28 380 citakAcArya, 35 godAsa, 18 cumudavADa, 30 godAsagaNa, 355 celukSamaNa, 20 gopagiri, 78 gopAJcala, 60 chedanavanati, 174 gopicchaka, 57 chedapiNDazAstra, 189 gommaTasAra, 145 chedasUtra, 153, 200, 202 goravar3i, 39 govindarAja, III, 36 ja goSThamAhila, 13 jagadIzacandra zAstrI, 307 gautama, 160, 209 janna, 145, 189 gaMga, 13 jaTAsiMhanandi, 50, 145, 185, 189, gvAliyara, 20, 60, 149, 378 190, 191, 194 jaTilamuni, 186 jambU, 177 ghoSanandi, 361, 371 jambUdvIpa prajJapti, 211 jambUdvIpasamAsa, 554 caupannamahApurisacariyaM, 177 jambUsvAmI, 21, 208, 209, 210 candraRSi, 139 jayakIrti, 29, 36 candrakSAnta, 49, 54 jayakIrti pratihAra, 27 candragupta, 369 jayadhavalA, 82, 111, 307, 308, 357 candragupta dvitIya, 230, 231 jayAnanda, 353 candragupta muni, 169 jAmAli, 13 candragupta vikramAditya, 236 jAlamaMgala, 36 candraguphA, 95 jugalakizora mukhtAra, 206, 223, 226, candranandI, 35, 155 228, 243, 244, 278, 287, 288, candranAgarI, 374 289, 290, 291,316, 317, 319, candraprabhadeva, 161 320, 324, 332, 335, 336, candrarSi mahattara, 86 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 348 candrAdhyaka, 135 jina, 22 cAkIrAja, 63 jinakalpa, 9 cANakya, 310 jinakalpasUtra, 206 cAmuNDarAya, 177 jinacandra, 40, 99, 351 ca

Page #522
506 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya jinadAsa zAstrI, 125, 128 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, jinadevasUri, 31 280, 281,287,292, 299,302, jinanandi, 40, 114, 120, 124, 268, 303, 305, 306, 308,310,320, 362 323, 327, 329, 331,336, 341, jinabhadra, 8, 81, 223, 226, 353 342, 343, 348,349, 353, 358, jinabhadragaNi, 311, 353 362, 370, 371, 380 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, 113 tattvArtharAjavArtika, 314, 368 jinavANI jIrNoddhAraka saMsthA, 160 tattvArthavArtika, 306, 307 jinasena, 50, 56, 62, 91, 100, 170, tattvArthazlokavArtika, 241 179, 223, 226, 354 tattvArthasArasUtra, 206, 211, 308 jinasena dvitIya, 186 tattvArthasUtra, 112, 196, 204, 206, 207, jinendra, 21 208,213, 214,231, 239, 244, jinezvarasUri, 94 245, 246, 248, 249, 252, 254, jItakalpa, 142 257, 259, 260, 262, 263, 264, jItakalpa cUrNi, 217 266, 267, 271, 272, 273, 274, jItakalpabhASya, 126, 172 275, 277, 278, 281, 286, 300, jIvasamAsa, 131, 136 310,311,313,315, 316,318, jIvAbhigama, 263 319, 320, 321,322, 323, 324, joharApurakara, 56, 62 325, 326, 327, 329, 330,331, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, 154, 201 / / 332, 334, 335,336, 338,340, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, 1, 5, 341, 342,345, 348, 349, 350, 117, 149 352, 364, 365, 366, 367,380, jaina sAhitya kI pUrva pIThikA, 72 381, 383 jaina sAhitya bhAskara, 78 tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya, 245, 262, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, 42 286, 317 jainAja ina sAutha iNDiyA, 41 tattvArthasUtra kA mUla pATha, 262 jainendra nyAsa, 311 tattvArthasUtra ke bIjoM kI khoja, 245 jainendra vyAkaraNa, 207, 230 tattvArthAdhigama bhASya, 235 jaMbuddIvapaNNati, 357 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, 240, 262, 264, jvAlinI kalpa, 149 282, 327, 380, 383 tapAgacchapaTTAvalI, 353 tamilanADu, 28, 39 tattvArthabhASya, 160,213, 241, 242, 243, tAmraliptikA, 355 245, 246, 257, 258, 261, 262, tiloyapaNNatti, 47, 78, 92, 109, 176, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270 271, 211, 213, 214, 216, 245,

Page #523
323, 324, 351, 361 tIrthodgAlika prakIrNaka, 110, 117 tiSyagupta, 13. tucI, 225 da dayApAla muni, 200 darabArIlAla koThiyA, 166, 345, 346, dRSTivAda, 102 348 dasasUtra, 206 dAmanandi, 30, 39 dAmakIrti, 27 droNi 37 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, 8, 117, 210, droNa, 199 225, 250 draupadI, 176 dazapUrvI, 70 dazavaikAlika, 10, 59, 136, 158, 165, 210, 274, 315, 316 dazavaikAlika cUrNi, 172 darzanapAhuDa, 318, 319 darzanasAra, 17, 55 dazAzrutaskaMdha, 142, 210 divAkara muni, 41 divAkara yati, 178 durjayanta, 25 duppaTTa 118 duHSamAkAlazramaNa saMghastotra, 353 devakI, 182 devagar3ha, 20 devagiri, 27, 43 devarddhigaNikSamAzramaNa, 13, 20, 85, 231, 235, 238 devanandi, 100, 174 devarahalli 35 devavarmA, 28 devavimala, 353 devasena, 23, 55, 59, 60 devasaMgha, 33 devAgama, 140 devindatthava, 140, 209 dezavallabha, 39 dravir3a saMgha, 39, 55, 144 dvAtriMzikAe~, 225, 227, 228 zabdAnukramaNikA : 507 dha dhanagiri, 25 dhanabhUti, 380 dharmakathA, 141 dharmakIrti 32, 225 dharmaghoSari 353 dharmapurI, 41 dharmasAgara, 352, 353 dharmAcArya, 18 dharmAmRta, 186 dharasena, 64, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97 dhavala kavi, 186 dhavalA, 81, 96, 97, 243, 297, 349, 351 30 dhAravAr3a, na nacanA, 379 nandyanta, 42 nandi, 33 nandika, 84 nandigaccha, 28 nandisaMgha puNNAgavRkSamUlagaNa, 204 nandI bAgar3a gaccha, 56 nandI munIzvara, 177

Page #524
508 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya nandIsUtra, 12, 13, 87, 114, 201, nizIthacUrNi, 94, 226 203, 218, 219, 220, 355 / nihnava, 13, 14 nandI saMgha, 28, 90, 92, 96, 144, nItisAra, 24, 33, 144, 148 351, 162 nRkulAdevI, 23 nandISeNamuni, 62, 72 nemicandra, 32, 99, 148, 244, 247 nayanasena, 186 nemidatta, 115 nayavRttinAtha, 39 neminAtha, 29, 32 narendrakIrti 39 neminAtha purANa, 187 navatattvaprakaraNa, 286 nellora, 238 nAgakumAra deva, 179 noNamaMgala, 45 nAgakesara, 167 nyAyakumudacandra, 29, 161, 201, 204, nAgacandra, 32, 40 206, 207, 208 nAgadeva, 35, 41 nyagrodhikA, 378, 379 nAgara zAkhA, 362 nyAyavinizcaya, 311 nAgalI zAkhA, 96 nyAyasUtra, 239, 272 nAgavikki, 39 nyAyAvatAra, 225, 226, 227, 228 nAgahastI, 83, 84, 85, 111, 112 nAgArjuna, 311 nAgila zAkhA, 218, 221 paumacariyaM, 142, 177, 178, 179, 180, nAgendra vaMzanandIkara, 218 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, nAgoda, 379, 380 213,214,215,216, 217,218, nAthUrAma premI, 1, 15, 36, 62, 69, 77, 219, 220 109, 113, 116, 135, 201, paccakkhANa, 140 202, 204, 215, 221, 242, pannA, 379 247, 258, 267, 282, 305, padma ( rAmacandra), 182 350, 351, 354, 356, 357, padmacarita, 145, 179 358, 361, 364, 367, 384 padmanandi, 339, 351 nAbhirAya, 211 padmapurANa, 223 nAyadhammakahA, 5, 142, 216 padmAvatI, 215 nArada, 176 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, 175 nAMdeDa, 57 pabhosA, 18 nirgranthasaMgha, 44 pampa, 186 nirgranthamahAzramaNasaMgha, 372 paTanA, 378, 379, 380 niyamasAra, 245 paTTAvalIsAroddhAra, 353 niravadhakIrti, 30 paTela kRSNayya, 35

Page #525
paNNasavana, muni, 93, 95 paramAnanda zAstrI, 56, 213, 244, 245 parAzara, 199 parikarma, 100 parisayya, 29 pallIvAla gacchIya, 85 pahAr3apura, 18, 20, 378 pAkSikasUtra 139 pATaliputra, 311, 364, 377, 378 pANinI, 203 pAlyakIrti zAkaTAyana, 32, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205 pArzva, 48 pArzvanAthacarita, 241 pArzvapaNDita, 186 pArzvapurANa, 186 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, 8 pAhuDazAstra, 94 piNDachedazAstra, 143, 148 piNDaniryukti, 136 pI. bI. desAI, 38, 41 punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa, 28, 32, 34, 35, 37, 166 punATa saMgha, 6, 166, 179 purANa, 50 puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 338 pulikala gaccha, 35 puSpadanta, 90, 93, 97, 98 puSpadanta purANa, 187 puSpasena, 149 puSyamitra, 353 puSyArhanandigaccha, 238 pusagiri, 96 pUjAkrama, 147 pUjyapAda, 55, 100, 158, 207, 213, zabdAnukramaNikA : 509 230, 231, 246, 249, 251, 253, 254, 258, 260, 261, 262, 267, 270, 281, 292, 297, 303, 310, 313, 383 pRthvIkoGgaNi, 155 pratikramaNasUtra, 160 pratiSThAkalpa, 149 pratiSThAnapura, 44 236 pratIndra, 179 prabandhakoza, 235 prabhava, 177, 179, 180 208, 209 prabhAvakacarita, 94, 230, 235 prabhAcandra, 126, 133, 170, 189, 201, 204, 206, 207, 208, 269, 270 prabhAcandradeva, 29, 38 prabhAcandra ( paNDita ), 160, 161, 164 prabhAzazAMka, 30, 39 prameyakamalamArtaNDa, 29, 126, 132, 201, 206 pravacanasAra, 245 pravacanasAroddhAra, 268, 269, 326 prazamarati, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 292, 308, 357 prajJApanA, 102, 108, 313 prAkRtaloka vibhAga, 114 prAyazcittasaMgraha, 143 paMcakalpa mahAbhASya 139 paMcAcArAdhikAra, 142 paMcavastu, 226 paMcaviMzati, 339 paMcasaMgraha, 86, 110, 139 paMcastUpAnvayI, 186 paMcAstikAya, 139, 211, 245, 275, 276, 319, 337

Page #526
510 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya pa~vAyA, 378 pha phalgumitra, 25, 240, 252, 257 phUlacandra zAstrI, 78, 109, 116, 217, 240, 243, 244, 245, 257, 258, 278, 279, 292, 294, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 322, 345, 348, 380 bulandazahara, 374, 375, 376 bRhatkathAkoza, 62, 63, 115, 165 bRhatprabhAcandra, 204, 206 bRhaTippaNikA, 93 beMgali, 41 becaradAsa dozI, 8, 93, 223, 225, 231 belagA~va, 29, 31, 42 boTika, 9, 10 brahmadAsika kula, 96 brahmadeva, 41 brahmasUtra, 239 baMzIdhara, 294 baDvANA, 64 bagranandI, 55 bandilake, 38 bandiyUragaNa, 41 bandhusena, 27 bappanandI, 149 bappabhaTTi , 149 bammagauNDa, 36 baraNa, 374 balagAra gaNa, 42 baladeva, 62 baladevasUri, 155 balahArIgaNa, 42 balAtkAragaNa, 42, 100 balissada, 353 ballAdeva, 36 bahula, 353 bAgar3agaccha, 50 bAlacandra, 39 bAlacaMdra zAstrI, 79, 323 bAhubalI, 31 bAhubalideva, 29, 38 bIDa, 41 bundelakhaNDa, 60 buddhavAdI, 230 bhaktaparijJA, 192 bhagavatI, 3, 4, 103, 118, 313, 360 bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, 48, 63, 114, 120, 165, 197, 199, 203, 207, 259, 269, 270, 282, 327, 330, 340, 356, 358, 361 bhagIratha, 183 bhadrabAhu, 18, 45, 118, 128, 169, 354, 355, 361, 369 bhadrabAhu dvitIya, 138, 236 bhadrabAhu kathA, 63 bhadrabAhu carita, 23 bhadrAcArya, 169 bhadrAnvaya, 19, 20 bhaddaNarAja, 126 bhaTTAraka, 31 bhaTTAraka bAla candradeva, 36 bharata, 179, 213, 214, 216 bharahuta, 377 bharukaccha, 377 bhANakesalI, 31

Page #527
zabdAnukramaNikA : 511 bhAvaprAbhRta, 319 mahAbala kavi, 187 bhIma, 183 mahAbhArata, 376 bhUtidana, 96, 218 mahArASTra, 30, 93, 379 bhUtabali, 90, 93, 97, 98 mahAvIra, 12, 13, 16, 30, 39, 48, 180 bhRgu, 4 mahAvIra paNDita, 41 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, 207, 307 mAghanandi, 99, 189 mailApAnvaya, 40 mAthuragaccha, 56 markarA, 40, 247 mAthurasaMgha, 47, 60, 144 mathurA, 20, 23, 55, 57, 65, 84, 85, mAdhavendra, 39 87, 96, 221, 231, 243, 355, mAdhyamikA, 374 362, 370, 371, 373, 376, 378 mAnakher3a, 149 madanUra, 40, 238 mAlavA, 64 madhavA cakravartI, 180 mitranandI, 114, 120, 124, 362 madhusUdana DhAMkI, 11, 12, 75, 97, 225, mugada, 30, 39 231, 248, 372, 381 muNDapAda, 352 madhyadeza, 170 municandra, 37, 38, 189 mantracUDAmaNi, 30 municandradeva, 32 manoli, 32 munipuMgava divAkara, 28 mandiradeva, 238 muDabidrI, 79 maDuvagaNa, 41 mUla, 362 maraNavibhakti, 10, 137, 358 mUlagaNa, 31, 34, 363 maraNavizodhi, 137 mUlanandI, 362, 363 maraNasamAdhi, 137 mUlasaMgha, 31, 34, 46, 144, 189 marudevI, 215 mUlAdhAra, 48, 51, 66, 109, 130, maladhAragaccha, 94 193, 2074, 237, 357, 358 malayagiri, 86, 201, 203 mUlArAdhanA, 66 mallavAdI, 230 mRgezavarmA, 43, 48 maliyapuNDI, 28 meghanandi bhaTTAraka, 42 mallitIrthakara, 162 metArya, 125, 169 mahAzramaNasaMgha, 372 meraTha, 376 mahAkarma prakRti prAbhRta, 90 meru, 180 mahAdevI, 168 mailApatIrya, 40 mahApaccakkhAna, 110, 135 motIcanda gautamacanda koThArI, 160, 294 mahApurANa, 351 maunideva, 29

Page #528
512 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya ya yativRSabha, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 108, 113 yazakIrti, 17, 78 yazodA, 62 353 yazodeva, yazovijaya, 201 yAkinIsUnu haribhadra, 264 yApanIyataMtra, 202 yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, 155 yApanIyoM kA sAhitya, 123 yU. pI. zAha. 20 yogasUtra, 239 yoniprAbhRta, 93 ra ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, 225, 340 ratnanandI, 23 ratnaprabha, 201 ratnAkarAvatArikA, 201 rathavIrapura, 16, 21 raDDavagga, 36, 166 ravicandrasvAmI, 29, 38 raviprabha, 353 ravi varmA, 33, 49 ravivarddhanagaNi, 353 raviSeNa, 145, 178, 179, 180, 216, 217, 220, 221, 223, 226 rahavIrapura, 379 rAcamalla, 186 rAjamalla, 60, 339 rAjavArtika, 246, 364 rAjasthAna, 60, 64 rAma, 180, 182 258, 287, 323, rAmakathA, 177 rAmanagara, 149 rAmagupta, 19 rAmacandra, 39 rAmacandradeva, 29 rAmasena, 60 rAmilla, 169 rAvaNa, 179 rAhurI, 379 rukmiNI, 167 rohagupta, 13 rohiNI, 167, 168 la laghIyastraya, 311 lalitavistarA, 18, 202 lakSmaNasena, 178 lAibAgar3agaccha, 56, 64 lATI saMhitA, 60, 61, 339 liGgaprAbhRta, 198 lokaprakAza, 353 lokApura, 31, 38 lohArya, 57, 90, 97 va varddhamAnapura 64 vajrayaza, 95 vajrasUri, 174 vajrasena, 218, 219 vajrIzAkhA, 96 vaTTakeri, 134, 202, 237 vaDhAcArya, 30 vaDanagara, 375 varAMgacarita, 50, 185, 190, 237 varAhamihira, 236 valabhI, 17, 246, 252, 257

Page #529
zabdAnukramaNikA : 513 vaziSThagotrIya, 19 vasudevahiNDI, 208, 209 vasunandI, 60, 69, 140 ksunta vATaka, 49 vasiSTha, 199 vAcaka ghoSaka, 371 vAcaka vaMza, 96, 350 vAtsI, 380 vAdirAjasuri, 241 vAdi vetAla zAntisuri, 201 vADiyUragaNa, 41 vAraNagaNa, 374 vAraNAvarta, 374, 376 vArANasI, 377, 378 vAriSeNa, 48, 54 vAsudeva, 370 vikramAditya, 230 vigrahavyAvartinI, 311 vicArasAraprakaraNa, 182 vicArAmRtasaMgraha, 94 vijayakIrti, 28, 61, 63, 167, 204 / vijayAditya, 31 vijayendra kumAra mAthura, 377 vidizA, 18, 20, 377 vidyAnanda, 241 vidyAnandi, 243, 244 vidyAdhara zAkhA, 236 vidyAdhara kula, 232, 235 . vinayapiTaka, 5 viNTaranitja, 369 vidhimArgaprapA, 71 vinayaMdhara, 91 vinayasena, 56 vinaya vijaya gaNi, 353 viMzikA, 225 vipAkasUtra, 116 vipulAcala parvata, 215 vibudhaprabha, 353 vimala, 179, 180 vimalacanda, 149 vimalanandi, 35 vimalasUri, 177, 178, 208, 209, 211, 214, 218, 220, 222 . vimalAdivya, 36 vizAkhAcArya, 170 vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 8, 9, 16, 21, 94, 311, 369 viSNu, 177 viSNugupta, 310, 311 vivAha paNNatti, 118 vI. ema. kulakarNI, 208 vIracaryA, 61 vIranandi, 149 vIrasena, 226, 241, 307, 308, 310 vIrastava, 140 vRtIndra, 39 vRndAvanadAsa, 127, 133 kolakaraNi, 43 vairA zAkhA, 84 vaizAlI, 377, 378 vaizeSikasUtra, 239, 272 vyavahAra, 10 vyAkhyA prajJapti, 325, 346 vyAsa, 199 za zabdAnuzAsana, 29, 32, 200, 202, 203, 204 zayyambhava, 160 zAkaTAyana, 29, 87, 121, 125, 146,

Page #530
514 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 148, 189, 311 zAkaTAyana-nyAsa 203, 207 zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa, 200, 202 zAntyAcArya, 10 zAntivarmma, 29 zAntivarmA, 43 zAntizroNika, 355, 370, 373 zAntisena, 96 zAstravArttAsamuccaya, 201 zilAgrAma, 36 ziva, 361, 362, 369, 372 sa zivakoTi, 121 sakalacandra, 42 zivabhUti, 9, 11, 15, 17, 20, 22, 52, sakalendu saiddhAntika, 32 54, 85 zivaratha, 49 zivazarmasUri 112, 140 zivazrI, 352, 362, 363, 371 zivasvAmI, 237 zivArya, 114, 203, 362 zIlAMka, 177 zubhakIrti, 40 zubhacandra, 29, 38 zrAvakAcAra, 60, 338, 347 zrAvastI, 377 zrIkalaza, 23 zrIkalaza muni, 17 zrIkIrti, 204 zrImandira deva, 28 zrImUlamUlagaNa, 35, 41 zrIvijaya kIrti, 36 zrutAvatAra, 90, 144, 148, 351 zreNika, 209 zAMtinAtha purANa, 187 zlokavArtika, 243, 287, 364 gha SaTkhaMDAgama, 47, 64, 81, 108, 213, 214, 223, 245, 246, 251, 252, 292, 293, 297, 321, 322, 326, 329, 330, 332, 344, 349, 350, 360, 368, 370, 382 SaTkhaMDAgama parizIlana, 79 SaDdarzanasamuccaya, 60 SaNDravardhanikA, 355 SoDazaka, 225 sagara, 216 sagara cakravartI, 179 satakacUrNi, 109 satanA, 377 satIrtha, 56 satkarma, 86 sadAsukhadAsa, 125, 126 sanatkumAra cakravartI, 180 sanmatitarka, 187, 190 sanmatisUtra, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 233 saptatikA, 86 samantabhadra, 100, 121, 124, 140, 149, 174, 225, 226, 314, 347 samayasAra, 78, 139, 245, 287 samavAyAMga, 163, 164, 210, 251, 291, 325, 269, 368, 370 samprati, 369 sambhogakalpasUtra, 15 sarasvatIgaccha, 100 sarvagupta, 203

Page #531
sarvaguptagaNi, 114, 120, 121, 124, 125 sarvanandI, 114 sarvamitra, 118 sarvalokAzraya, 42 sarvArthasiddhi, 194, 213, 214, 246, 251, 254, 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 279, 281, 287, 292, 293, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 308, 310, 323, 325, 345, 356, 364 saMgrahaNI, 139 saMghadAsagaNi, 208 saMyamazrI, 168 saMlekhanA zruta, 137 saMskRta hindI koza, 166 sAgarAnanda sUrIzvara 263 sAgAradharmAmRta, 61, 340 sAMkhyasUtra, 239, 272 sAMcI, 20 sittarI cUrNi, 109 sittarI patra, 86 siddhanandi, 35, 145, 148 siddhavasati, 98 siddhasena, 81, 94, 174, 187, 190, 191 siddhasenagaNi, 160, 229, 257, 261, 262, 264, 266, 267, 280, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 292, 323, 327, 331, 332, 334, 335, 336, 342, 343, 349, 354, 358, 360, 365 siddhasena divAkara, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 235, 236 siddharSi, 225, 229 siddhasenasUri 269 ? zabdAnukramaNikA : 515 siddhAntagraMtha, 147 siddhAntadeva, 29 siddhivinizcaya, 237, 311 sirikIrti, 39 siMha, 33, 49 siMha guru, 370 siMhanandi, 189 sItA, 179, 221 sIlapAhuDa, 318 sukhalAla saMghavI, 223, 225, 230, 231, 243, 244, 245, 253, 262, 264, 265, 266, 277, 286, 290, 291, 299, 374, 375 sujikA ohiro, 253, 254, 255, 256, 262 suttapAhuDa, 47 sudharmA 180 208, 209, 210 sulasA, 182 sulatAnapura, 61 suvrata muni, 216 susthita, 235 suhasti, 19, 369 sUtrakRtAMga, 140, 163, 164, 210 sUtraprAbhRta, 198 sena, 33 senasaMgha, 235 sodati, 204 sonAgira, 115 somadeva, 85, 338 somila, 3 solApura, 294 saudatti, 37, 161 saurASTra, 17, 63, 65, 98 saurASTrakA, 374 skaMdila, 75, 235, 240, 252

Page #532
516 : jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya sthavira vidyAdhara gopAla, 235 huli, 36, 166 sthAnAMga, 13, 16, 105, 210, 286, huviSka, 231, 370 319, 322, 323, 325, 360 hisTrI oNpha miDivala skUla oNpha iNDiyana sthAnAMga, abhayadeva vRtti, 172 __ laoNjika, 369 sthUlabhadra, 13, 118, 169 / hiMDona, 376 svayambhU, 70, 178, 179, 180, 215, hIrAlAla jaina, 109, 112, 114, 215, 220, 221 313, 379 svAti, 352 hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA, 262, strImukti prakaraNa, 200, 202, 205 266, 368, 374 hemacandra, 94, 177, 203, 369 ha kSa hariNegamesIdeva, 182 haribhadra, 8, 14, 202, 223, 225, kSapaNaka, 230 227, 230, 232, 257, 264, 266, 280, 353, 365 triparvata, 28 hariyANA, 60 tribhuvana malladeva, 31 harivallabha bhAyANI, 181, 184 trilokaprajJapti, 183 harivaMzapurANa, 62, 91, 166, 170, trilokasAra, 176 223, 339, 340, 351, 354 / / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 141, 177 hariSeNa, 62, 165, 170, 180,215, 226 traikIrti, 32 halsI, 33 vidyabhaTTAraka, 30, 37 havinavAge, 29 jJa hastinApura, 376 jJAtAdharmakathA, 3, 4, 215, 329, 331,. hAsura, 166 332, 360 hukeri, 32 jJAtAsUtra, 162

Page #533
sandarbha-grantha sUcI 1. aMtakRddazAMga, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1981. 2. adhyAtmamataparIkSA, yazovijaya, sAdhu amIcaMda pannAlAla jaina TrasTa, bambaI, I0 sa0 1954. 3. anuyogadvArasUtra, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 [1987. 4. anekAnta, traimAsika patrikA, vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI. 5. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, paM0 bhAgacaMda kI vacanikA sahita, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1979. 6. AcArAMga ( zIlAMka TIkA ), sUrata, I0 sa0 1935. 7. AcArAMgacUrNi, jinadAsa gaNi, ratalAma, I0 sa0 1941. 8. AcArAMgasUtra, saMpAdaka - madhukaramuni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1980. 9. AdipurANa, jinasena, saMpAdaka pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, caturtha saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1993. 10. AdipurANa - bhAga-2, jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, I0 sa0 1951 54. 11. AptamImAMsA, samantabhadra, anuvAdaka - * udayacandra jaina, gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2501. 12. Avazyakaniryukti ( haribhadrIya vRtti ), bI0 ke0 koThArI, rilIjiyasa TrasTa, bambaI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1981. 13. indranandi saMhitA, indranandi, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI. 14. uttarAdhyayana TIkA - zAntisUri, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra samiti, sUrata, I0 sa0 1916. 15. upAsakadazAMga, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1980. 16. Rgveda, saMpAdaka - dayAnanda sarasvatI, dayAnanda saMsthAna, dillI.

Page #534
518 : jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 17. RSibhASita, saMpAdaka - ma0 vinayasAgara, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, I0 sa0 1988. 18. aitihAsika sthAnAvAlI, vijayendra kumAra, zikSA maMtrAlaya, bhArata sarakAra, naI dillI, I0 sa0 1969. 19. oghaniyukti ( bhASya ), TIkA - droNAcArya, bambaI, I0 sa0 1919. 20. kalpasUtra, prAkRtabhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1984. 21. kasAyapAhuDa, saMpAdaka - hIrAlAla jaina, vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA, I0 sa0 1955. 22. kuvalayamAlA, udyotanasUri, saMpAdaka - e0 ena0 upAdhye, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI bhAga 1, 2; I0 sa0 1959, 1970. 23. gommaTasAra, paM0 khUbacanda jaina, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, vi0 saM0 2022. 24. caupanamahApurisacariyaM - zIlAMkAcArya, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI, I0 sa0 1961. 25. carittapAhuDa ( aSTaprAbhRta), paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, amAsa, I0 sa0 1969. 26. chedapiNDazAstra, racanAkAra indranandi, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI. 27. jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, vi0 saM0 1998. 28. jayadhavalA, saMpAdaka - paM0 mahendra kumAra, bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, mathurA, I0 sa0 1944. 29. jItakalpasUtra, saMzodhaka - munipuNyavijaya, ahamadAbAda, I0 sa0 1982. 30. jIvasamAsa, anuvAdaka - amitayazavijaya mahArAja, zrI jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa , muMbaI, vi0 saM0 2042. 31. jainatattvajJAnamImAMsA, DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa, vArANasI, I0 sa0 1983. . 32. jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa, vArANasI, I0 sa0 1980. 33. jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma, bhAga-3, paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA abhinaMdana graMtha, saMpAdaka - pro0 ema0 e0 DhAkI evaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, I0 sa0 1991.

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sandarbha-grantha sUcI :- 519 34. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-3, saMgrahakartA - paM0 vijayamUrti, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, mumbaI, vi0 saM0 2013. 35. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga-4, saMpAdaka - DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha , kAzI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2491.. 36. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga-5, saMpAdaka - DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, I0 sa0 1971. . 37. jainasatyaprakAza, varSa 6, aMka 4. 38. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI, dvi0 saMskaraNa, bambaI, I0 sa0 1956. 39. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra, vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA, I0 sa0 1956. 40. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( pUrva pIThikA ),paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, gaNeza prasAda varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI, I0 sa0 1962 . .. 41. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, aMbAlAla pI0 zAha, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, I0 sa0 1969. 42. jainasiddhAntabhAskara, saMpAdaka - hIrAlAla jaina, bhAga-11, aMka 1, ArA, jUna, I0 sa0 1944. 43. jaina hitaiSI, nAthUrAma premI, bhAga-13. 44. jJAtAdhamarkathA, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1981. 45. tattvArthavArtika, saMpAdaka - mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, I0 sa0 1957. 46. tattvArthazlokavArtika, bhaTTa akalaMka, saMpAdaka - paM0 mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, I0 sa0 1957. 47. tattvArthasUtra, saMpAdaka - jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra sevA mandira, sahAranapura, I0 sa0 1944. 48. tattvArthasUtra ( jainAgama samanvaya ), upAdhyAya AtmArAmajI, dillI, I0 sa0 1934. 49. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( svopajJabhASya aura siddhasenagaNi kI TIkA sahita ), jIvacaMdra, sAkaracaMdra jhaverI, sUrata, I0 sa0 1930. 50. tiloyapaNNatti, yati vRSabhAcArya, jaina sAhitya saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, I0 sa0 1943.

Page #536
520 : jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 51. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvat pariSad, sAgara, I0 sa0 1974. 52. trilokasAra - nemicandra, saMpAdaka - paM0 manoharalAla zAstrI, hindI jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya, bambaI, I0 sa0 1918. 53. dazavaikAlika, bhAratIya prAcya prakAzana samiti, piMDavADA, vi0 saM0 2037. 54. dazavaikAlika, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1985. 55. darzanasAra, saMpAdaka - nAthUrAma premI, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, I0 sa0 1974. 56. dIghanikAya, anuvAdaka - rAhula sAMkRtyAyana evaM bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, mahobodhi sabhA, banArasa, I0 sa0 1936. 57. dvAdazAranayacakra ( mallavAdi ), saMpAdaka - muni jaMbUvijaya, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, I0 sa0 1966. 58. dharmAmRta ( sAgAra ), AzAdhara, saMpAdaka - kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, I0 sa0 1978. 59. naMdIsUtra, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1982. 60. navasuttANi, saMpAdaka - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, I0 sa0 1967. 61. niyamasAra, anuvAdaka - AryikA jJAnamatI, vIra jJAnodaya granthamAlA, hastinApura, I0 sa0 1984. 62. niyukti saMgraha, saMpAdaka - zrI vijayajinendrasUri, zrIharSa puSpAmRta jaina graMthamAlA, saurASTra , I0 sa0 1989. 63. nizIthacUrNi, saMpAdaka - zrI amaracaMdajI mahArAja, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1982. 64. nizIthasUtram, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1991. 65. nItisArasamuccaya - indranandi, saMpAdaka- siddhAntazAstrI paM0 gaurIlAla, prakAzaka dharmavIra seTha, lAlacaMda jI jaina, I0 sa0 1978. 66. nyAyakumudacandra, paM0 mahendrakumAra, mANikacaMda digambara jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, I0 sa0 1938.

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sandarbha-grantha sUcI : 521 67. paMcAstikAyasAra, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, vi0 saM0 2025. 68. paiNNayasuttAI, titthogAlI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, I0 sa0 1984. 69. paumacariu, anuvAdaka - devendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, I0 sa0 1957: 70. paNNavaNAsutta, dvitIya bhAga, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, I0 sa0 1971. 71. paTTAvalIparAgasaMgraha, kalyANa vijaya zAstra saMgraha samiti, jAlora, prathama saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1966. 72. padmacarita, anuvAdaka - pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, I0 sa0 1958. 73. pAiyasaddamahaNNava, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1963. 74. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2431. 75. pratikramaNagraMtha trayI ( prabhAcandra kI TIkA sahita ), saMpAdaka -- paM0 motIcaMda gautamacaMda koThArI, digambara jinavANI jIrNoddhAra saMsthA, kolhApura, I0 sa0 1973. 76. prabandhakoza, rAjazekharasUri, saMpAdaka - muni jinavijaya jI, zAnti niketana, kalakattA, I0 sa0 1935. 77. prabandhacintAmaNi - merutuMga, anuvAdaka - hajArI prasAda dvivedI, zAMtiniketana, kalakattA, I0 sa0 1940. 78. prabhAvakacarita, saMpAdaka - muni jinavijaya, zAMtiniketana, kalakattA, I0 sa0 1940. 79. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, anuvAdaka - jinamati; digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura, vi0 saM0 2041. 80. pravacanasAroddhAra, nemicandrasUri, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, I0 sa0 1922. 81. prAyazcittasaMgraha, nAthUrAma premI, mANikacaMdra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, I0 sa0 1978. 82. bRhatkathAkoza, saMpAdaka - e0 ena0 upAdhye, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1999. 83. bRhatkalpasUtra ( laghu bhASya ), saMghadAsa gaNi, AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara, I0 sa0 1933-38.

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522 : jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya 84. bRhad hindI koza, kAlikA prasAda, jJAnamaNDala prakAzana, vArANasI, I0 sa0 1952. 85. bodhapAhuDa ( aSTaprAbhUta ) , paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, I0 sa0 1969. 86. bhagavaI, saMpAdaka - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, prathama saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1974. 87. bhagavatIArAdhanA (vijayodayA TIkA); saMpAdaka-siddhAntazAstrI paM0 kailAzacaMdra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, prathama saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1978. 88. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, vidyAdhara joharApurakara, gulAbacaMda dozI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, I0 sa0 1958. 89.. bhadrabAhucarita, anuvAdaka - udayalAla kAsalIvAla, jainabhAratI bhavana, banArasa siTI, vI0ni0 saM0 2437. 90. bharahuta, DaoN0 ramAnAtha mizra, madhya pradeza hiMdI grantha akAdamI, bhopAla, I0 sa0 1971. 91. bhAvapAhuDa ( aSTaprAbhRta), AcArya kundakunda, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, I0 sa0 1969. 92. mahApurANa ( TippaNa yukta ), anuvAdaka - devendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1979. 93. mahAvaggo, saMpAdaka - bhikSu je0 kAzyapa, pAlI pablikezana borDa, bihAra, prathama saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1956. 94. mUlAcAra ( do bhAga ), bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, I0 sa0 1984 1992. 95. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1988. 96. ratnAkarAvatArikA, saMpAdaka - paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda, I0 sa0 1972. 97. lATIsaMhitA, saMpAdaka - paM0 darabArIlAla nyAyatIrtha, mANikacaMdra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1984. 98. liMgapAhuDa ( aSTaprAbhRta ), paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, I0 sa0 1969. 99. varAMgacarita, jaTAsiMhanaMdi, saMpAdaka - e0 ena0 upAdhye, mANikacaMda digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, muMbaI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2465.

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sandarbha-grantha sUcI : 523 100. vicArAmRtasaMgraha, kulamaNDanasUri, sUrata, I0 sa0 1936. 101. vidhimArgaprapA, saMpAdaka - muni jinavijaya, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, I0 sa0 1941. 102. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, jinabhadragaNi, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, I0 sa0 1927. 103. zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ( amoghavRtti ), saMpAdaka - paM0 zambhUnAtha tripAThI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, I0 sa0 1971. 104. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, TIkA - yazovijaya, caukhambA oriyaNTAliyA, vArANasI, . I0 sa0 1977. 105. zrI tattvArthakartRtanmatanirNaya, sAgarAnandasUri, RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, vI0ni0 saM0 2463.. 106. zrImadbhAgavata, gItA presa, gorakhapura. 107. zrIlalitavistarA, haribhadra, RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, vI0 ni0 saM0 2461. 108. zrutAvatAra ( siddhAntasArAdi saMgraha ), saMpAdaka - pannAlAla sonI, mANikacaMdra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, muMbaI, prathama saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1979. 109. SaTkhaNDAgama, puSpadaMta-bhUtabalI praNIta, saMpAdaka - ba0 saM0 samatibAIzahA 'nyAyatIrtha', zrutabhaNDAra va graMtha prakAzana samiti, phalaTaNa, I0 sa0 1935. 110. SaTkhaMDAgama (dhavalA TIkA samanvita), saMpAdaka - hIrAlAla jaina, amarAvatI, I0 sa0 1939. 111. SaTkhaNDAgama parizIlana, saMpAdaka - paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, I0 sa0 1987. 112. SaDdarzanasamuccaya, guNaratnaTIkA, saMpAdaka - mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, I0 sa0 1981. 113. saMskRta hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, I0 sa0 1984 114. sanmatiprakaraNa, saMpAdaka - paM0 sukhalAla jI evaM becaradAsa jI, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, I0 sa0 1963. ' 115. sanmatisUtra, siddhasena divAkara, anuvAdaka - paM0 sukhalAla jI evaM becaradAsa . jI, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda.. 116. samavAyAMga, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1982.

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524 : jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 197. sarvArthasiddhi, saMpAdaka kAzI, I0 sa0 1955H 118. sUtraprAbhRta (aSTaprAbhRta), paramazruta prabhAvakaM maNDala, agAsa, I0 sa0 1969. 119. skandapurANa, maharSi vyAsa, vANIlekhA presa, kalakattA, I0 sa0 1962. 120. sthAnAMga, saMpAdaka - madhukara muni, jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I0 sa0 1981. 121. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, saMpAdaka - e0 ena0 upAdhye, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, vi0 saM0 2034. pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 122. harivaMzapurANa, jinasena, saMpAdaka I0 sa0 1962. 123. Annual Report of South Indian Inscriptions, 1951-52. 124. - Epigraphia India, Vol. X, The Director General Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi. 125. Gender and Salvation, Padmanabh S. Jaini, Munshiram Manoharlal Publisher Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 126. Indian Antiquary, Vol. VII, Swati Publications, Delhi, 1984. 127. Jaina Stupas and Other Antiquities of Mathura, Indological Book House, Delhi, 1969. 128. Jainism in South India, P. B. Desai, Gulabchand, Hiralal Doshi, Jaina Sanskriti Samrakshaka Sangh, Solapur, 1957. 129. Journal of Bombay Historical Society, Vol. 3. 130. Journal of Oriental Institute, Baroda, Vol. 18, 1969. 131. Journal of the Karnatak University, Vol. X, 1965. 132. Journal of the University of Bombay, A. N. Upadhye, Vol. I-VI., 1959. 133. Karnataka Inscriptions, Vol. 1, 1941. 134. Sidhasenas Nyayavatara and Other Works - A. N. Upadhye, Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal, Bombay. 135. South Indian Inscriptions, Vol XII, No 65-78, Madras, 1940. 136. The Ancient Geography of India - Cunningham.

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BRE MARA AN / MORA S DESH TA / citra saM01 vidyAcArI muni jo nagna hote hue bhI apane bAyeM hAtha para kambala liye hue hai| ( IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI ) saujanya : amerikana insTITyUTa oNpha iNDiyana sTaDIja rAmanagara, vaaraannsii|

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13 of citra saM0 2 nagnamuni jo eka hAtha meM pratilekhana evaM dUsare hAtha meM pAtra yukta jholI liye hue haiN| dharmacakra ke dAhinI ora eka sAdhvI kA aMkana hai jo hAtha meM pAtra liye hue hai| ( IsvI san prathama-dvitIya zatI ) saujanya : amerikana insTITyUTa oNpha iNDiyana sTaDIz2a, rAmanagara, vaaraannsii|

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www.jainelibrary 10 citra saM0 3 jina pratimA kI pAdapITha para dharmacakra ke bAIM ora muni kA aMkana hai jo apane eka hAtha meM mayUra piccha kA pratilekhana evaM dUsare hAtha meM kambala lete hue apanI nagnatA ko chipA rahA hai| ( IsvI san dvitIya zatAbdI ) saujanya : amerikana insTITyUTa oNpha iNDiyana sTaDIz2a, rAmanagara, vaaraannsii| Dar

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A / - LAYA RE s / NOTA o 2-000 000000000000000 gaon 30 0 wom UNIA REVIE citra saM04 dharmacakra ke dAhinI ora muni kA aMkana hai jisake bAe~ hAtha meM pratilekhana aura dAhine hAtha meM kambala hai jisase vaha apanI nagnatA chipAe hue hai| ( IsvI san dvitIya zatAbdI ) saujanya : amerikana insTITyUTa oNpha iNDiyana sTaDIz2a, rAmanagara, vaaraannsii|

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www.jainelibrary.d STA 9 citra saM0 5 dharmacakra ke donoM ora muniyoM kI do baiThI huI pratimAe~ haiM jinake bAe~ hAthoM meM rajoharaNa aura dAhine hAthoM para kambala pradarzita hai| bAe~ hAtha kI ora punaH do muniyoM ke aMkana haiM jinake bAe~ hAthoM meM rajoharaNa evaM dAhine hAthoM meM kambala pradarzita hai| isI prakAra dAhinI ora do sAdhviyoM kI pratimAe~ haiM jo apane bAe~ hAtha meM rajoharaNa liye hue haiN| ( IsvI san dvitIya zatAbdI ) saujanya : amerikana insTITyUTa oNpha iNDiyana sTaDIz2a, rAmanagara, vaaraannsii|

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UMARTHIHAROHIBAARELUATIVE Titam THSHIE MMITTALI Tam COM LAL Gaman citra saM6 mathurA se prApta jina kI pAdapITha para dharmacakra ke bAIM ora muni kA aMkana jo apane hAtha meM kambala aura mukhavastrikA liye hue haiN| ( IsvI san prathama zatAbdI ) saujanya : The Jaina Stupa and other Antiquities of India by Vincent A. Smith.

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130412PXotosKEVIATION 37.08aixxx AUDHindu T citra saM07 mathurA se prApta jaina zramaNa Arya kRSNa ( kaNha ) kA aMkana jo apane bAe~ hAtha meM pratilekhana aura dAhine hAtha meM kambala liye hue hai| ( IsvI san dvitIya zatAbdI ) saujanya : The Jaina Stupa and other Antiquities of India, by Vincent A. Smith

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pustaka zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparAoM ke madhya eka yojaka kar3I ke rUpa meM vikasita yApanIya sampradAya aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hote hue mA janasAdhAraNa epa piepaNa jI-mAajJAta hI banA rahA / isa sampradAya ke sambandha meM sampUrNa aura prAmANika jAnakArI upalabdha karAne vAlI isa kRti meM lekhaka ne isa sampradAya ke udbhava, vikAsa, usake gacchoM, kuloM, anvayoM, pramukha kRtiyoM evaM siddhAntoM Adi ke gahana cintana . ke pazcAta eka tarkapurassara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai / aneka grantha jinheM jainoM ke zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM sampradAya apanI-apanI paramparAoM se sambaddha mAnane kA dAvA prastuta karate rahe haiM yA phira eka paramparA unapara apanA prabhutva jatAne ke vyAmoha se grasta rahI hai, ke sambandha meM lekhaka ke niSkarSa eka navIna dRSTi pradAna karate haiN| jahA~ taka yApanIya sampradAya kI saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM kA prazna hai lekhaka ne na kevala unakA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai apitu unake aitihAsika vikAsa-krama ko bhI saMjone kA prayAsa kiyA hai jisase sampradAyoM ke vikAsakrama ko samyakarUpeNa samajhA jA sake / lekhaka kA yaha niSkarSa bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai ki isa sampradAya ke siddhAntoM kI sahI samajha Aja bhI jainoM ke zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM ke madhya kI khAI ko pATa sakatI hai| prastuta kRti yApanIya sampradAya se sambandhita sampUrNa tathyoM ko sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kI kasauTI para kasate hue, sAmpradAyika vyAmohoM se Upara uThakara unakA do TUka vivecana prastuta karatI hai aura yahI isakI vizeSatA hai|

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