Jain Darshan aur Vigyan

Author(s): Mahendramuni, Jethalal S Zaveri
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003127/1

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna parasparopagraho jIvAnAm samAkalana : muni mahendra kumAra

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna [ ajamera vizvavidyAlaya tathA jaina vizvabhAratI (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya ) dvArA bI.e. ke pAThyakrama ke antargata "jIvana vijJAna evaM jaina vidyA" viSaya ke tRtIya varSa ke dvitIya patra ke lie svIkRta ] samAkalana muni mahendra kumAra prekSA- prAdhyApaka jeThAlAla esa. jhaverI prekSA - pravaktA jaina vizvabhAratI iMsTITyUTa (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanUM - 341 306 ( rAjasthAna )

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ISB NO. 81-7195-027-2 tIsarA saMskaraNa : 2008 -1100 mUlya : 100 rupaye mAtra mudraka : zrI varddhamAna presa, navIna zAhadarA, dillI JAIN DARSHAN AUR VIGYAN Compiled By Muni Mahendra Kumar & Jethalal S. Zaveri Rs.100

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prAkkathana hama bIsavIM zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM jI rahe haiM aura ikkIsavIM kI dahalIja para khar3e haiN| yugIna cunautiyoM ko jhelane ke lie eka vidyArthI ke lie kina-kina vidyAoM kA adhyayana atyAvazyaka hai, yaha zikSA-jagat kA eka ahama prazna hai| "jIvana-vijJAna aura jaina vidyA" isa cunauti kA eka uttara hai| isa sarvathA navIna viSaya kI parikalpanA meM prAcIna prajJA-prasUta jJAna-rAzi ko Adhunika prayoga-prasUta vijJAna-rAzi ke sAtha jor3akara vidyArthI kI anta:cetanA ko jAgRta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| isI pariprekSya meM 'jaina darzana aura vijJAna' ko isa pAThyakrama meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya kI pratipatti eka ora vidyArthI ko prAcIna ke prati zraddhAzIla banAegI, to sAtha hI Adhunika vijJAna kA avabodha use prAyogika AdhAra pradAna kregaa| isa artha meM jIvana-vijJAna aura jaina vidyA' kI abhinava vidhA vartamAna zikSA-paddhati ke lie dizAsUcaka avadAna siddha hogii| jaina darzana kI vizAla jJAna-rAzi meM adhyAtma, dharma, tatva-darzana, jIvanazailI, AcAra-zAstra, atIndriyajJAna, punarjanmavAda, bhAvanAtmaka svAsthya, yogavidyA, prekSA yAna, vizva-vijJAna, paramANu-vijJAna Adi vibhinna mahattvapUrNa viSayoM ke sambandha meM jo sUkSma vivecana upalabdha hai usakA Adhunika vijJAna kI bhautikI (Physics), jaivikI (Biology), manovijJAna (Psychology), vizva-vijJAna (Cosmology), sRSTizAstra (Cosmogony), paramANu-vijJAna (Atomic Science), svasthya-vijJAna (Health Science) Adi vibhinna zAkhAoM ke antargata prastuta avadhAraNAoM ke sandarbha meM sUkSmekSikayA kiyA gayA adhyayana na kevala vidyArthI ke bauddhika vikAsa evaM jJAnavardhana kI dRSTi se upayogI siddha hogA, apitu usake apane jIvana-vikAsa ke lie bhI bahuta lAbhaprada hogA-isa uddezya se prastuta pustaka ko AkAra diyA gayA hai| Aja ke yuga meM prAcya vidyAoM ke vaijJAnika svarUpa ko hRdayaMgama karanA pratyeka vidyArthI ke lie atyanta apekSita hai| isase bhAratIya darzana evaM saMskRta kI sArvadezikatA evaM sArvakAlikatA ujAgara hotI hai| kore bauddhika jJAna yA vaijJAnika paddhati se prApta jJAna kI apekSA anta:darzana (intuition) dvArA hone vAlA bodha adhika sUkSma aura satya-sparzI hotA hai, ise vaha jAna skegaa| Tao of Physics ke lekhaka DaoN. phriTajopha kAprA (Fritzof Capra) ke zabdoM meM-"jaba bauddhika/tArkika

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cetanA ko zAMta kiyA jAtA hai, taba anta:darzana kI cetanA dvArA ativiziSTa bodha prApta hotA hai; usameM bAhya jagat ko dhAraNAtmaka cintana se chAne binA pratyakSa hI anubhava kara liyA jAtA hai| "cuAMga-tju ke zabdoM meM RSi (prajJAvAn) kA zAMta citta sampUrNa svarga aura pRthvI-samasta padArthoM kA darpaNa hai|"1 yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki jina adhyAyatma-manISiyoM ne do-DhAI sahasrAbdiyoM pUrva paramANu se brahmANDa taka yA AtmA se paramAtmA taka sUkSmavizva (microcosmos) aura mahAvizva (macrocosmos) ke svarUpa, saMracanA, AkAra-prakAra, kSetramAna-kAlamAna Adi vibhinna pahaluoM para itanI gaharI mImAMsA kI ve usa yuga ke hI mahAna dArzanika nahIM apitu yugoM-yugoM taka jJAna-razmiyoM kA Aloka dene vAle prajJA ke dhanI 'adhyAtmavijJAnI' the| unake anta:darzana evaM anta:anubhUti se prasphuTita jJAnadhArA meM hI hameM mAnava mana kI cirantana jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna prApta ho sakatA hai| AbhArokti prastuta pustaka ke samAkalana meM una aneka lekhakoM kI kRtiyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai, jinhoMne taTastha bhAva se adhyAtma/darzana aura vijJAna ke bhinna-bhinna viSayoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| / prastuta pustaka ko 9 adhyAyoM meM ajamera vi. vi. ke pAThyakramAnusAra vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya darzana aura vijJAna kA AdhAra hai-muni mahendrakumAra kRta vishv-prhelikaa| ___ dvitIya adhyAya adhyAtma aura vijJAna ke AdhAra haiM-AcArya mahAprajJa kRta maiM hUM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA, AcArya tulasI kRta prajJAparva, AcArya mahAprajJa kRta amUrta cintana tathA unakA lekha 'adhyAtma aura vijJAna (bhArata-nirmANa dvArA prakAzita vizeSAMka) tRtIya adhyAya jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna ke AdhAra haiM-DA. IyAna sTIvanasana kRta Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation, DA. kIrtisvarUpa rAvata kRta parAmanovijJAna, muni mahendrakumAra kA zodha-lekha-punarjanma : 1. When the rational mind is silenced, the intuitive mind produces an extraordinary awareness; the environment is experienced in a direct way without the filter of conceptual thinking. In the words of chuang Tzu, "The still mind of a sage is a mirror of heaven and earth-the glass of all things." . -Tao of Physics, p. 62.

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna (aNuvrata evaM yuvAdRSTi meM prakAzita), AcArya mahAprajJa kRta jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA, jaina yoga, citta aura mana tathA abhyudaya / caturtha adhyAya vijJAna ke sandarbha meM jaina jIvana zailI ke mukhya AdhAra haiM-muni sukhalAla kRta vijJAna ke sandarbha meM jaina dharma tathA sAdhanA kA sonA : vijJAna kI kasauTI, AcArya mahAprajJa kRta prekSAdhyAna : AhAra-vijJAna, jaina dharma : aha aura arhatAeM, zakti kI sAdhanA, muni mahendrakumAra aura jeThAlAla jhaverI kRta prekSA dhyAna : svAsthya vijJAna (bhAga 1), gopInAtha agravAla kRta zAkAhAra yA mAMsAhAra tathA DaoN. vIrendra siMha kRta jardA-dhUmrapAna bIsavIM sadI kA nirmama htyaaraa| __ paJcama adhyAya jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA kA AdhAra hai-AcArya mahAprajJa-kRta jaina darzana aura anekAntavAda / SaSTha adhyAya jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA kA AdhAra hai-muni mahendra kumAra kRta vizva prhelikaa| saptama adhyAya vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu kA AdhAra hai-muni mahendra kumAra kRta vizva prhelikaa| __ aSTama adhyAya jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala tathA navama adhyAya jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu kA AdhAra hai-jeThAlAla esa. jhaverI tathA muni mahendra kumAra kRta Microcosmology : Atom in Jain Philosophy and Modern Science tathA tIrthakara (bhautikI vizeSAMka) ke kucha lekha / ___ AdhArabhUta graMthoM kI sAmagrI ko vidyArthI ke lie sugama banAne kI dRSTi se tathA saMkSiptIkaraNa ke uddezya se parivartita kiyA gayA hai| jisa koTi kI viSaya-vasta yahAM pratipAdya hai, usake sAtha yadi samucita nyAya karanA ho to pratyeka adhyAya ke lie pUre graMtha kA praNayana bhI kadAcit aparyApta hogaa| para vidyArthI kI apekSA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue pratyeka adhyAya kI sAmagrI ko lagabhaga 30-40 pRSThoM meM sameTane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM isa sImA kA ullaMghana bhI huA hai, para viSaya-vastu ke dhaividhya ne aisA karane ke lie hameM bAdhya kiyA hai| phira bhI kula milAkara bI.e. ke tRtIya varSa ke lie nirdhArita pAThyakrama ke anurUpa samagra sAmagrI saMgumphita kara hama use zikSA-jagat ko samarpita kara rahe haiN| hamAre paramArAdhya AcAryazrI tulasI kI satata preraNA evaM mArga-darzana hI isa duruha kArya kI saphala sampannatA ke lie sarvAdhika zreyobhAka hai| isake lie hama unake prati ciraRNI hai| AcAryazrI mahAprajJa kA adhyAtma aura vijJAna ke sAmaJsya/tulanA kA apanA eka maulika dRSTikoNa rahA hai jo samasAmayika dArzanikoM meM bhI durlabha hai|

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unakI aneka bahumUlya kRtiyoM se hamane sAmagrI kA cayana kiyA hai| unake caraNoM meM hama kRtajJatApUrvaka zraddhA arpita karate haiN| anya jina-jina lekhakoM ke graMthoM, lekhoM evaM vicAroM kA hamane upayoga kiyA hai, una sabake prati hama donoM hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiN| mAlA kI zobhA aura surabhi kA zreya puSpoM ko hI denA caahie| mAlAkAra to kevala unake gumphana kA nimitta-mAtra hotA hai| pustaka ke nirmANa meM aura bhI aneka vyaktiyoM kA vibhinna rUpa meM sahayoga milA hai| mere sahayogI santa muni dharmeza kumArajI ne 'jIvana-zailI' ke sAmagrI-cayana meM tathA muni tattvarUci ne mere anya kAryoM meM sahayoga dekara mere kArya ko sarala banAyA hai| unheM sAdhuvAda! brAhmI vidyApITha ke vyAkhyatA zrI AnandaprakAza tripAThI tathA DA. pUraNacanda jaina ne prUpharIDiMga ke kArya meM ullekhanIya tatparatA rkhii| jaina vizva bhAratI presa kI tatparatA bhI na hotI, to mudraNa-kArya itanA drutagati se na hotaa| ___ AzA hai, jIvana-vijJAna aura jaina vidyA' ke vidyArthiyoM ko yaha pustaka na kevala vizva-vidyAlaya kI parIkSA meM urtINa hone meM sahAyatA karegI apitu jIvana kI parIkSA meM saphalatA kA varaNa karane meM sazakta abhipreraka kI bhUmikA nibhAegI tathA ve isake mAdhyama se jIvana vijJAna' viSaya ke mUla uddezya-'AdhyAtmika vaijJAnika vyaktitva ke nirmANa' ko upalabdha kara skeNge| vidyArthiyoM ke atirikta jo bhI jijJAsu pAThaka isa grantha kA svAdhyAya kareMge, ve bhI nizcita hI lAbhAnvita hoNge| 30 sitambara 1992 jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM muni mahendra kumAra jeThAlAla jhaverI

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anukrama 1. darzana aura vijJAna : tulanAtmaka adhyayana.... ...1-42 (1) darzana aura vijJAna meM nikaTatAuccastarIya samanviti kI apekSA 1-kyA vaijJAnika siddhAnta antima satya kA uccAraNa hai? 4-tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA lAbha 6 (2) Adhunika vijJAna kA darzana 8-42 (ka) vaijJAnikoM kA AdarzavAda aura jaina darzana 8-28 eDiMgTana kA darzana aura jaina darzana 12-jInsa kA darzana aura jaina darzana 20-anya AdarzavAdI vaijJAnika aura jaina darzana 25 (kha) vAstavikatA aura jaina darzana 28-41 bhautikavAda aura jaina darzana 28-baTTaiNDa rasala kA darzana aura jaina darzana 34-samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda aura jaina darzana 36-hAijanabarga kA darzana aura jaina darzana 38upasaMhAra 39 abhyAsa-42 2. adhyAtma aura vijJAna...... 43-81 adhyAtma aura vijJAna dvArA niyamoM kI khoja 44-dharma aura vijJAna kI mahAnatA 45-jaina Agama ke sUkSma satya 49-esTrala projekzana samudghAta 51-atIndriya jJAna 55 prANa-zakti kA AdhyAtmika aura vaijJAnika mahattva.......... 55-67 zarIra-zAstra 55-sUkSma kA sAkSAtkAra 55-zarIra kI zaktiyoM kA dohana 57adhyAtma-vijJAna meM zarIra kA mahattva 59-kuMDalinI : svarUpa aura jAgaraNa 60-kuMDalinI-jAgaraNa ke mArga 61-prANa-zakti kI vidyut kA camatkAra 62 (3) AdhyAtmika vaijJAnika vyaktitva kA nirmANa.............. 67-80 adhyAtma svayaM eka vijJAna 67-vaijJAnika vikAsa : varadAna yA abhizApa 68-phira

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bhI tanAva bar3he haiM 69 - zrama ko heya na mAneM 69 - mana kI zAMti 69 - saMyama 75 - satyaniSThA 77 abhyAsa-81 3. jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna... 82-138 (1) AtmavAda aura punarjanmavAda 82 - 108 jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa 82 - adhyAtmavAda banAma bhautikavAda 82 - jAti - smRti jJAna 84-vibhinna dharma-darzanoM meM punarjanmavAda 85 - parAmanovijJAna 87 - punarjanma para parAmanovijJAna meM anusaMdhAna 91 - brAjIla meM ar3hAI varSa kI bAlikA ko pUrva janma kI smRti 92-gaveSaNA paddhati 97 - vismRti 98 - AnuvaMzika smRti 99 - atIndriya pratyakSaNa zakti 99 - bhUtAveza 100 - pUrvajanma kI adbhuta bAteM 102 - mRta zarIra kA adhigrahaNa 105 - upasaMhAra 107 (2) atIndriya jJAna : dUrabodha evaM paracitta-bodha 109-124 jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa 109 - samAdhAna : atIndriya pratyakSa ke saMdarbha meM 110 - caitanya- kendra kyA hai ? 112 - samUcA zarIra jJAna kA sAdhana 112 - sabhinna srotolabdhi 913 - mana kI kSamatA 113 - pUrvAbhAsa atIndriya jJAna hai ? 113 - atIndriya cetanA kA prakaTIkaraNa 115 - vidyut cumbakIya kSetra 115 - prekSAdhyAna kI prakriyA 996 - prekSAdhyAna niSpatti 116-kendra aura saMvAdI kendra 117 - parAmanovijJAna meM atIndriya pratyakSaNa 117-vicAra-saMpreSaNa 121 - atIndriya cetanA : vikAsa kI prakriyA 122- bhAvataMtra kA pariSkAra 123 (3) atIndriya zakti - yogaja upalabdhiyAM evaM manaH prabhAva 124-138 jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa - Rddhi aura labdhi 124 - sahI dizA 125 - labdhiyoM kI vicitra zakti 126-RddhiyAM prApti aura pariNAma 127 - tejolezyA (kuNDalinI) taijasa zarIra : anugraha-vigraha kA sAdhana 129 - tejolezyA kA sAdhana 130 - tejolezyA ke vikAsa srota 131-parAmanovijJAna meM mana:prabhAva (sAikokAinesisa) 131 abhyAsa- 138 4. vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI ... 139-209 jIvana jaina jIvana-zailI 139- zailI kyoM ? 139 - AhAra - zuddhi aura vyasana - - mukta 140 - dUSita AhAra kA pariNAma : roga 140 ..........

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(1) upavAsa Adi tapa 142-157 AhAra aura anAhAra 142-upavAsa 143-upavAsa kA mUlya : vaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM 145-upavAsa-cikitsA 146-upavAsa zarIra meM kyA karatA hai? 147-vibhinna roga aura upavAsa 148-upavAsa kI avadhi 149-upavAsa meM sAvadhAnI 149-bhojana meM kamI karanA (UnodarI tapa) evaM asvAda vRtti (vRtti saMkSepa) 150-adhyazana-varjana 151-rAtri-bhojana kA parihAra 152-rasa-parityAga 153-cInI aura namaka para niyaMtraNa 154-kucha prayoga 155 (2) zAkAhAra banAma mAMsAhAra 157-172 mAMsAhAra kA niSedha kyoM? 157-amloM kI vinAzalIlA 159-manuSya kI prAkRtika racanA zAkAhArI jIvoM jaisI 160-mAMsAhAra rogoM kA janmadAtA 163-hRdaya roga va ucca raktacApa 164-mAMsAhAra se kaiMsara 165-anya bImAriyAM 167-mahattvapUrNa vaijJAnika tathya 167-zAkAhAra adhika pauSTika va guNakArI 169-Arthika dRSTi 170-paryAvaraNa 172 (3) tambAkU-varjana 172-183 vyasanoM kI vinAza-lIlA 172-dhUmrapAna 172-nazIle padArthoM kA sevana 172-uttejaka padArtha 175-jardA-dhUmrapAna : bIsavIM sadI kA nirmama hatyArA 175-jardA-dhUmrapAna : Atma-hatyA kA tarIkA 177-hatyA kA pracalita tarIkA dhUmrapAna 178-AtmanirIkSaNa 179-dhUmrapAna kyoM aura kaise chor3eM 179-loga jardA-dhUmrapAna kyoM zurU karate haiM? 179-loga jardA-dhUmrapAna kyoM jArI rakhate haiM? 180-jardA-dhUmrapAna kaise chor3A jAe? 181 (4) madyapAna-varjana 183-193 madyapAna aura aparAdha 184-madyapAna aura vezyAvRtti 187-madyapAna aura talAka 187-madyapAna aura garbhastha zizu 187-madyapAna aura bAla-aparAdha 188-zarAba aura svAsthya 188-madyapAna aura Ayu 191 (5) bhASA-viveka 194-209 zabda bhI : mauna bhI 194-vANI kI zakti 194-mauna kI zakti 196-bhASA-viveka ke sUtra 197-zabda aura bhAvanA 198-dhIme bolane kA abhyAsa kareM 199-dhvanipradUSaNa ke duSprabhAva 200-mastiSka meM jAsUsI 200-alTrAsonika kArDiyogrApha 201-zabda aura saMgIta-cikitsA 202-zabda kI zakti 204-maMtra kI zakti 205 abhyAsa-209

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5. jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA... 210-236 (1) niyamavAda 210-218 : niyamavAda : jaina darzana kI maulika prasthApanA 210 - ekAntavAda se bacane kA siddhAnta 210- (a) sandarbha : janma aura mRtyu kA 211 - (ba) saMdarbha : roga kA 211 - ( sa ) saMdarbha nIMda kA 212 - (da) saMdarbha : amIrI aura garIbI kA 214 - bhaviSyavANI mithyA kyoM hotI hai? 214-jyotirvijJAna : eka niyama 215 - prabhAva sauramaNDala ke vikiraNoM kA 216-(I) saMdarbha : bhAva kA 216 - mUDa kyoM bigar3atA hai? 217 - niyamana kA siddhAnta hai niyamavAda 217 - Adhunika vijJAna meM niyamavAda 217 (2) IzvaravAda : karmavAda 218-225 sRSTi hai parivartanAtmaka 218 - sRSTi kA niyantA koI nahIM 218 - sRSTi kA niyamana niyama ke dvArA 219 - kartRtva : bhoktRtva 219 - prayojanavAdI sRSTi 2919 - eko'haM bahu syAm 220-IzvaravAda : dhArmika dRSTikoNa 220 - IzvaravAda : naitika dRSTikoNa 220 - karmavAda ke tIna siddhAnta 221 - adhikAra hai parivartana evaM pragati kA 221-parivartana kA AdhAra 222 - ekAMgI dhAraNA 222 - karma kA kartRtva nahIM hai-mithyA avadhAraNAeM 223 - karmavAda meM puruSArtha kA mUlya 223 - mahAvIra puruSArthavAda ke sazakta pravaktA 223 - niyAmaka kauna ? 224 - vAstavika saccAI: vyAvahArika saccAI 224-Adhunika vijJAna 225 (3) kAryakAraNavAda 225-230 prazna nirapekSa satya kA 226 - anAdi pariNamana hai nirapekSasatya 226 - nirAdhAra bhrama 227-kAraNa ke tIna prakAra 227 - sRSTi ke nirmANa kA prazna 227 - upAdAna mUla kAraNa hai 228-kAryakAraNa sarvatra mAnya nahIM 228 - jagat : dArzanika jagat kA ahama prazna 229-hRdaya jagat kyA hai? 229 (4) anekAntavAda - 230-236 sarala hai paryAya kA darzana 230 - do dRSTikoNa 231 - jJeya tattva do haiM 231 - anekAnta aura samyag darzana 232 - anekAnta ke niSkarSa 232 - zAzvatavAda kI samasyA 232 - tarka jaina AcAryoM kA 233- jaina darzana kI bhASA 234 - samanvaya kI maulika dRSTiyAM 234-parivartana : aparivartana 235 - vairAgya kA AdhAra : parivartanavAda 235 - paryAya kahAM se AtA hai? 235 - samAdhAna hai anekAnta 236 abhyAsa- 236

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6. jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva mImAMsA 237-264 (1) jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa 237-244 dravya-mImAMsA 237-AkAza : loka aura aloka 237-dhana aura RNa Ithara 238kAla dravya 241 (2) vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa 244-256 ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta se pUrva 244-ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta kA AviSkAra 247-ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke bAda 248-ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta kA dArzanika pakSa 252-upasaMhAra 255 (3) tulanAtmaka adhyayana 256-266 nyUTana aura jaina darzana 257-ApekSikatA kA siddhAnta aura jaina darzana 257upasaMhAra 263 abhyAsa-264 7. vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu.. 265-299 (1) jaina darzana : vizva kA parimANa 265-269 vizva kA AkAra 265-vizva kitanA bar3A hai 265-gaNitIya vivecana 265-digambara paramparA 266-zvetAmbara paramparA 266-do paramparAoM kA matabheda aura samIkSA 266-Adhunika gaNita paddhatiyoM ke prakAza meM 268-rajju kA aMkIkaraNa 269 (2) jaina darzana : vizva kAla kI dRSTi se 269-273 vizva kI anAdi-anannatA 269-kAla-cakrIya vizva-siddhAnta 270--vartamAna yuga aura bhaviSya 272-upasaMhAra 273 (3) vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa : vizva kA parimANa 273-279 ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta se pUrva 273-ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta dvArA samAdhAna 274vizva kA parimANa : sthira yA bar3hatA huA? 278 (4) vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa : vizva kI Ayu 279-287 sAdi aura sAnta vizva ke siddhAnta 279--anAdi aura ananta vizva ke siddhAnta 282

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(5) tulanAtmaka adhyayana 287-301 AinsTIna kA vizva aura jaina loka 287-vistAramAna vizva aura jaina lokAloka 289-Aroha-avarohazIla vizva aura avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI 292-sAdi vizva siddhAnta aura jaina darzana 294-sAnta vizva-siddhAnta aura jaina dRSTikoNa 295-niSkarSa kA navanIta 296 abhyAsa-299 8. jaina darzana meM pudgala ......... 300-320 (1) jaina darzana meM pudgala 300-311 pudgala kA nAmakaraNa/paribhASA 300-pudgala ke lAkSaNika guNa aura guNoM kI paryAya 301-pudgala kI viziSTa paryAya 301-1. zabda 301-2. bandha 303-3. bheda 3044. saukSmya, 5. sthaulya 305-6. saMsthAna (AkAra) 307-7. prakAza, 8. aMdhakAra 307 (2) pudgala kA sAmAnya svarUpa 311-320 (1) pudgala astikAya hai 311-(2) pudgala sat aura dravya hai 311-(3) pudgala nitya, avinAzI hai-tattvAntaraNIya nahIM hai 312-(4) pudgala acetana sattA hai 312-(5) pudgala pariNAmI hai 312-(6) pudgala galana-milana-dharmA hai 314-paramANu milana ke niyama 317-(7) pudgala saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ananta hai 317-(8) pudgala jIva ko prabhAvita karatA hai 318-pudgala kA vargIkaraNa 319 abhyAsa-320 9. jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu......... 323-341 (1) jaina paramANuvAda 321-329 cAra prakAra ke paramANu 321-paramANu kI paribhASA 322-paramANu ke guNadharma 323-paramANu kI vistRta vyAkhyA 324-paramANu kI gati ke niyama 326-paramANu kI pratighAtI aura apratighAtI gati 327-paramANu kA tIvratama vega 328 (2) Adhunika vijJAna meM paramANu-siddhAMta 329-333 vikAsa-vRtta 329-alphA, bITA tathA gAmA kA kSaya(reDiyodharmitA) 320-kvANTamasiddhAnta 331-prArambhika kSaNa 331-kvArka : padArtha kA mUlabhUta kaNa 331-mUlabhUta kaNa kA vega 331-AkarSaNa ke bala 333

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(3) jaina darzana aura vijJAna kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 333-340 mUlabhUta kaNa aura paramANu 333-dravyAkSaratvAda 334-padArtha evaM UrjA 335-paramANu ke mUla guNadharma 337-sUkSma pariNamana 338-paramANu-UrjA aura tejolezyA 339bhAvI saMbhAvanA 340 abhyAsa-341

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1. darzana aura vijJAna tulanAtmaka adhyayana (1) darzana aura vijJAna meM nikaTatA mAnava-mastiSka jijJAsAoM kA mahAsAgara hai| usameM praznoM kI taraMgeM aura kalloleM uThatI rahatI haiN| manuSya apanI iMdriyoM ke dvArA jyoMhI prakRti kI prakriyAoM kA darzana karatA hai, tyoMhI kaise? kyoM? kyA? kaba se? kaba taka? Adi prazna khar3e ho jAte haiN| taba manuSya apanI buddhi, tarka yA anta:darzana (intuition) ke sahAre inheM samAhita karane kA prayatna karatA hai| jo ina praznoM ke uttara apane sahaja anta:darzana ke sahAre de sakatA hai, vaha dArzanika hai| dUsarI aura jo bauddhika jJAna ke AdhAra para inheM uttarita karatA hai, vaha vaijJAnika hai| darzana aura vijJAna donoM jJAna-srota kI dhArAeM haiN| uccastarIya samanviti kI upekSA ___ bhAratIya darzana evaM itihAsa ke marmajJa DA. govindacandra pANDe ne darzana aura vijJAna kI samanviti ke bahuta hI mArmika rUpa meM isa prakAra abhivyakti dI hai 'jJAna karma kI eka pUrvApakSA hai aura ataeva samasta vyAvahArika jIvana nAnA prakAra ke khaMDajJAna para AdhArita hai| zilpI ho yA vyApArI, rAjA ho yA sipAI, sabhI apane vyavahAra ke liye Avazyaka jJAna khojate haiN| isa prakAra kA vyavahArtha khaDajJAna vikAsa ke sAtha samucita aura vyavasthita hone lagatA hai| kutUhalI aura tarkazIla mastiSka isa vyavasthA meM eka anivArya saMgati, eka maulika anviti khojatA hai| isa khoja ke pariNAma svarUpa ekadezI vyAvahArika jJAna kramaza: nyAya-sUtra se saMgrathita amUrta tattvoM ke pratipAdaka eka zAstra kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, isI ko vijJAna kahate haiN| amUrta aura samagra tattvoM kI ora uddiSTa hote hue bhI vijJAna kA eka chora vyavahAra se baMdhA rahatA hai| vijJAna kI dhAraNAoM ora siddhAntoM kA antima nikarSa unakI vyAvahArika upayogitA aura prayojanIyatA hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai vijJAna ke adhikAdhika pracAra aura prasAra kA aura usake kore zabda-jAla se mukta raha kara nirantara pragati kara sakane kI adabhuta kSamatA kaa| vyAvahArika jIvana khaMDa sukha-dukha ko lekara pravRta hotA hai| vijJAna kI bhI carama upayogitA isI saMdarbha meM hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna isake dvArA manuSya nAnA prakAra ke bhautika sAdhana prApta karatA hai, jinase vaha apane viziSTa duHkhoM ke parihAra aura sukhoM kI prApti karane meM samartha hotA hai| para vijJAna se manuSya ko apane carama sAdhya kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| mUlata: manuSya eka AtmA hai, jo apane svarUpa kI ora lauTanA cAhatI hai, jo ki svargika sakha meM bhI kabhI aikAntika tRpti kA anubhava nahIM kara sktii| manuSya yadi kevala dehI hI hotA aura prakRti ke kSetra meM pravRti mAtra usakA jIvana hotA, to sambhavata: vijJAna hI usake liye parama vidyA hotI, parantu manuSya apana ko saMsAra ke bandhana meM chaTapaTAtA anubhava karatA hai aura mukti ke mArga ko khojatA hai| Atma-jJAna ke binA mukti sambhava nahIM, isIlie jahAM loka-vyavahAra meM nirata manuSya vastujJAnAtmaka vijJAna kA sahArA letA hai, vahIM paramArtha pakSa kA pathika manuSya Atma-jJAna rUpI darzana kA prakAza DhUMDhatA hai| yahI darzana aura vijJAna kA nigUr3ha sambandha hai| vijJAna bahirmukha hai, darzana adhyAtma-pravaNa / vijJAna vastujagat ko parivartita karane ke sAdhana detA hai, darzana aisI anta-dRSTi, jisase mana ko mukti mile| ___isa prakAra eka maulika bheda ke hote hue bhI vijJAna aura darzana apane paramparAgata rUpoM meM nikaTa sambandhI rahe haiN| samagra vizva ke svarUpa kI jijJAsA donoM meM samAna hai| prAcIna kAla meM vizva-vijJAna dArzanika prasthAnoM kA eka niyata aMga thaa| darzana ke isa aMza se hI paravartI vaijJAnika cintana ne apanI preraNA pAI hai| bahata dinoM taka vijJAna ko prakRti-darzana kahA jAtA thaa| nyUTana ne apane prasiddha graMtha ko 'prAkRtika darzana ke gANitika siddhAMta' nAma diyA hai| pazcima meM jaise-jaise Adhanika kAla meM vijJAna kA vikAsa huA, darzana ne prAkRtika vizva ke sambandha meM apane ko vijJAna kA anucara mAtra mAna liyA hai Ajakala bahuta se dArzanika kahate haiM ki darzana kA vastu-satyoM se sambandha nahIM, unake anusAra darzana kA ThIka viSaya jJAna athavA mUlyoM kI mImAMsA hai| dUsarI ora vizva ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM parikalpanAeM vaijJAnika cintana meM nAnA rUpa se prakaTa huI haiM aura inheM dArzanika pravRtiyoM se asampRkta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa paristhiti kA pariNAma eka vicitra ulajhana meM hai| vizuddha dArzanikaraNa vijJAna kI sahAyatA ke binA vizva ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kara sakate aura na vizuddha vaijJAnika hI darzana kI sahAyatA ke binA apane parama siddhAMtoM ke vyavasthita aura saMgata rUpa de sakate haiN| darzana aura vijJAna kI eka naI uccastarIya samanviti Aja ke cintana kI paramAvazyakatA hai|" vijJAna aura darzana kA lakSya eka hote hue bhI inake sAdhanoM meM antara hai| darzana antarjJAna-zakti (Intutional Power) para AdhArita hotA hai, jabaki 1. vizva-prahelikA, bhUmikA, pR0 1,2 /

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darzana aura vijJAna vijJAna bauddhika zakti pr| darzana 'tarka' ko kasauTI mAnakara calatA hai, jabaki vijJAna tarka ke sAtha prayoga ko bhii| vijJAna aura darzana kI isa bhinnatA ke hote hue bhI, kabhI-kabhI ye eka dUsare ke bahuta nikaTa A jAte haiM--yahAM taka ki eka dUsare meM ghula-mila jAte haiN| isIlie suprasiddha briTiza vaijJAnika sara jemsa jInsa (Sir James Jeans) apanI eka pustaka meM likhate hai / : bhautika vijJAna aura darzana kI sImA-rekhA, eka prakAra ke nirarthaka ho cukI thI; para saiddhAntika bhautika-vijJAna ke nikaTabhUta meM hone vAle vikAsa ke kAraNa aba vahI sImArekhA mahattvapUrNa aura AkarSaka bana gaI hai| darzana aura vijJAna ke isa sannikarSa kA kAraNa yaha hai ki inakA udgama-sthAna eka hI hai|' kabhI-kabhI vaijJAnika siddhAntoM kA AviSkAra vaijJAnika ke antarjJAna se sphurita hotA hai| taba vaijJAnika' bhI 'dArzanika' bana jAtA hai-aisI sthitiyoM meM darzana aura vijJAna kA subhaga milana ho jAtA hai| vijJAna ke itihAsa meM aise udAharaNoM kI alpatA nahIM hai, jahAM vijJAna siddhAMtoM kA vRkSa darzana-bIja se janma letA ho| darzana ke sukhyAta itihAsakAra vila DUraNTa (Will Durant) ne sahI likhA hai :2 "pratyeka vijJAna kA prArambha darzana se hotA hai aura anta kalA meM; vaha upakalpanA' se janma letA hai aura 'siddhAMta' ke rUpa meM pariNita ho jAtA hai| darzana ajJAna kA upakalpita pratipAdana hai (jaise-tattvadarzana meM), athavA apUrNatayA jJAta kA (jaise-nitIdarzana ora rAjanIti darzana meN)| darzana satya ke ghere meM prathama 'darAra' hai| vijJAna eka sImita bhUmi hai; usakI pRSThabhUmi meM vaha pradeza hai, jahAM jJAna aura kalA dvArA sRSTi kI racanA hotI hai| kintu darzana janaka kI taraha sadA hI vyathita-sA dikhAI detA hai| vaha vyathita isalie hai ki vijaya kA zreya sadA vaha apane saMtAnoM-vijJAnoM ko dekara, svayaM ajJAta aura aviharita pradeza meM naI khoja ke lie bhaTakatA rahatA hai|" kucha vicAraka vijJAna aura darzana kI tulanA karate samaya vijJAna ko 'darzana' se adhika pUrNa batAte haiN| kintu yaha abhiprAya satya nahIM lgtaa| yaha ni:sandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki darzana kA sthAna vijJAna se nIcA nahIM hai| balki darzana vijJAna se adhika sAhasika hai| jaise ki vila DUraNTa ne eka sthAna meM likhA hai :3 prAya aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vijJAna kI jIta hotI hai aura darzana kI haar| kintu isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki darzana una samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA durUha mArga apanAtA hai, jo vijJAna kI pahuMca se bAhara hai| jaise--puNya aura pApa, saundarya aura vidrUpatA, vyavasthA aura avyavasthA, janma aura mRtyu kI smsyaaeN| jaise hI jijJAsA kA 1. phijiksa eNDa philosaphI ke priphesa se| 2. dI sTorI oNpha philosophI, pR0 2 / 3. vahI, pR0 2 /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna samAdhAna samyak jJAna ke rUpa meM hotA hai vaha 'vijJAna' kI saMjJA ko prApta kara letA hai / ' DUraNTa ke isa kathana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki darzana kisI bhI rUpa meM vijJAna se nimna nahIM hai / 4 vijJAna ko darzana se adhika pUrNa batAne vAle adhikAMzatayA yaha tarka upasthita karate haiM ki kevala kalpanA para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa darzana kA prAmANya saMdigdha hai, jabaki vijJAna nirIkSaNa aura parIkSaNa para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa adhika prAmANika hai| yaha bAta satya hai ki Aja ke yuga meM vijJAna ne abhiyAntrikI (Engineering) aura praudyogikI (Technology) ke kSetroM meM abhUtapUrva saphalatA pAkara, jJAna kI anya zAkhAoM ko bahuta pIche rakha diyA hai| isa saphalatA ne manuSya ke mastiSka meM vijJAna ke prati sammAna aura hRdaya meM usake prati zraddhA utpanna kara dI hai| adhikAMza loga yaha mAnate haiM ki jo kucha bhI vijJAna dvArA ghoSita hotA hai, vaha 'antima satya' kA uccAraNa hai / kyA vaijJAnika siddhAnta antima satya kA uccAraNa hai? kintu sAmAnyatayA loga saiddhAMtika (vaicArika) vijJAna aura vyAvahArika (prAyogika) vijJAna ke bIca jo antara hai, use parakha nahIM pAte / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki vijJAna kA vyAvahArika pakSa saiddhAMtika pakSa se nikaTatayA sambandhita hai, phira bhI inake prAmANya ke viSaya meM mUlabhUta antara bhI hai| vastuta: yaha nizcita rUpa se mAnA gayA hai ki' prAyogika vijJAna ke tathya vijJAna ke vaicArika pakSa ko sUcita nahIM karate / ataH abhiyAMtrikI aura takanIkI kSetra meM vijJAna kI advitIya saphalatA hote hue bhI 'vaijJAnika niyama' athavA 'vaijJAnika siddhAMta' antima satya kA uccAraNa hai, aisA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki sAmAnya manuSya vaijJAnika siddhAMto ko jitanA vAstavika mAnatA hai usase adhika ve kAlpanika haiM / yaha bAta epha. esa. sI. northaropa (F.S.C.Northrop) ke ina zabdoM meM spaSTa rUpa se vyakta huI haiM : vidhAnAtmaka zabdoM meM hama ise prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki bhautika vijJAna ke siddhAMta, prAyogika tathyoM kA varNana mAtra nahIM hai; aura na isa varNana ke AdhAra para kiyA vAlA anumAna hai| kintu jaise AiMsTIna ne jora dekara kahA hai, bhautika vijJAnavettA apane siddhAMta kA nirNaya kAlpanika AdhAroM para karatA hai / usake AnumAnika nirNayoM meM tathya sAdhana aura kAlpanika siddhAMta sAdhya nahIM hote, AnumAnika nirNayoM meM tathyoM 1. dekheM, phijiksa eNDa philosophI, le0 Dabalyu0 hAIjanabarga, para epha0 esa0 sI0 northaropa dvArA likhita inTroDakzana, pR. 14 / 2. vahI, pR. 13 /

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darzana aura vijJAna sAdhana aura kAlpanika siddhAMta sAdhya nahIM hote, pratyuta kAlpanika siddhAMtoM ke AdhAra para vaha tathyoM kA aura prAyogika niSkarSoM kA anumAna karatA hai / saMkSipta meM, bhautika vijJAna kA koI bhI siddhAMta tathyoM dvArA AdhArita kalpanAoM se bhI adhika aneka bhautika aura dArzanika kalpanAeM karatA hai / isIlie kisI bhI siddhAMta meM parivardhana aura parivartana kI sambhAvanA raha jAtI hai|. isa prakAra, vaijJAnika svayaM isa tathya ko jAnane lage haiM ki vartamAna vijJAna ke rUpa meM unake pAsa jo jJAna- rAzi hai, vaha na kevala 'apUrNa' hai apitu 'saMdigdha' bhI hai / isI bAta ko Aja taka jagat ke mahAn vaijJAnikoM ne bAra-bAra duharAyA hai| sukarAta (Socrates) se bhI prAcIna yunAnI dArzanikoM ke anusAra 'darzana' zabda kA artha hotA hai- 'bahirjagat kA adhyayana' / ' aba, Adhunika zabdAkoza ke anusAra 'bahirjagat ke adhyayana' ko 'vijJAna' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| isa prakAra zabda-racanA kI dRSTi se bhI darzana aura vijJAna meM atyadhika sAmya hai| 'vijJAna' aura 'darzana' ke paraspara sambandhoM ke viSaya meM vicArakoM meM vicAra-bheda hote hue bhI eka vicAra spaSTayatA mAnya ho cukA hai ki darzana aura vijJAna meM ati nikaTa kA sambandha hai, aura yadi prakRti kI koI 'prahelikA' ko sulajhAne kA prayatna donoM ke dvArA huA ho; to unake tulanAtmaka adhyayana se usa prahelikA ko sulajhAne meM avazya saralatA ho sakatI hai| kucha eka Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne isa tathya kA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai| unhoMne Adhunika vijJAna ke darzana-pakSa kI bhI carcA kI hai / isake pariNAmasvarUpa eka nae viSaya 'vaijJAnika darzana' (Philosophy of Science) kA prAdurbhAva huA hai| vijJAna - jagat meM apane 'anizcitatA ke niyama' (Uncertainty Principle) se eka nayA unmeSa lAne vAle suprasiddha vaijJAnika varnara hAIjanabarga (Werner Heisenberg) ne 'bhautika vijJAna aura darzana' nAmaka pustaka likhakara, isa viSaya meM eka nayA adhyAya jor3A hai| isa pustaka ke paricaya meM vaijJAnika epha. esa. sI. northaropa ne likhA hai: ye prazna khar3e hote haiM ki 'kyA bhautika vijJAna darzana se sarvathA svataMtra hai?' tathA kyA darzana ko haTAkara hI Adhunika vijJAna adhika prabhAvazAlI banA hai?' '- ina donoM praznoM kA uttara hAIjanabarga niSedha' meM dete hai / ' northaropa ke ina zabdoM se usa vicAra ko spaSTa cunautI mila jAtI hai jo vijJAna aura darzana kA pUrva-pazcima kI taraha mAnatA hai aura yaha eka pramANita satya ho jAtA hai ki Adhunika vijJAna kI atyadhika saphalatA meM darzana kA bhI yoga hai / 1. dekheM, phoma yukliDa TU eDiMgTana, pR0 1 / 2. phijiksa eNDa philosophI inTroDakzana, pR0 12 /

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tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA lAbha darzana aura vijJAna ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se jo lAbha hotA hai, usakI eka jhAMkI svayaM hAIjanabarga ke zabdoM meM hameM milatI hai| 'vartamAna cintana meM Adhunika vijJAna ke yoga' kI carcA karate hue ve likhate haiM / ' 'vijJAna ke isa Adhunikatama adhyAya meM bahuta sthAnoM para ati prAcIna vaicArika samasyAoM kI carcA kI gaI hai aura vaha bhI eka nae dRSTikoNa se / sAmAnyayatayA yaha eka mAnA huA satya hai ki mAnava-cintana ke itihAsa meM jaba bhI do vicAradhArAoM kA milana hotA hai, taba ai supariNAmazAlI vikAsa kA udbhava hotA hai| bhale hI una vicAradhArAoM kA udgama-sthAna mAnava- - saMskRti ke bhinna-bhinna vibhAgoM meM ho, bhinna-bhinna kAla meM ho, bhinna-bhinna sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM meM ho athavA bhinna-bhinna dhArmika paMraparAoM meM ho / pratyuta aisI vicAradhArAeM yadi vastutaH paraspara milatI haiM - yadi unameM aisA sambandha hai ki jisase unakA vAstavika saMgama hotA hai to yaha sahaja anumAna hai ki usake pariNAmasvarUpa navIna aura rocaka niSkarSa nikala sakate haiN| udAharaNArtha, Adhunika vijJAna kA eka aMza - aNu vijJAna (Atomic Physics) Aja ke yuga meM vastutaH bhinna-bhinna sAMskRtika paraMparAoM ko sparza karatA hai|' hAIjanabarga ne isa cintana se prAcIna pAraMparika darzana ke aura Adhunika vaijJAnika dRSTikoNoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA mUlyAMkana sahaja rUpa se phalita hotA hai / yadi hama Adhunika vijJAna ke darzana se prakRti ke rahasyoM ko udghATita karanA cAhate hai, to prAcIna darzanoM kA dRSTikoNa isa viSaya meM kyA rahA hai, yaha jAnanA hamAre lie niHsandeha upayogI hogA / jaina darzana aura vijJAna kucha vicAraka Adhunika vijJAna ke darzana ko 'vaijJAnika darzana' nahIM maante| unake abhiprAyAnusAra yaha naI dArzanika dhArA kevala kucha eka vaijJAnikoM kI hai / kintu 'vijJAna' kA sahaja dArzanika svarUpa suprasiddha vaijJAnika sara e. esa. eDiMgTana (Sir A.S.Eddington) ke zabdoM meM hameM dekhane ko milatA hai / 'bhautika vijJAna kA darzana' nAmaka apanI pustaka kI bhUmikA meM ve likhate hai: ' 'yaha bahudhA kahA jAtA hai ki vijJAna kA koI 'darzana' nahIM hai kevala kucha eka vaijJAnikoM kA 'darzana' ho sakatA hai / kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai / 'vartamAna bhautika vijJAna kyA hai aura kyA nahIM hai?' isakA nirNaya karane vAle adhikArI vidvAnoM ke abhiprAya ko yadi hama mAnyatA dete haiM, yaha mAnanA hI par3egA ki vartamAna bhautika vijJAna kA eka sunizcita 'darzana' hai / 9. phijiksa eNDa philosophI, pR0 161 / 2. philosophI opha phijikala sAInsa, priphesa, pR0 7 !

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darzana aura vijJAna yaha vahI 'darzana' hai, jisake sAtha ve sabhI vaijJAnika apanI paddhati se vAgbaddha hote haiM, jo vijJAna dvArA svIkRta paddhati ko apanA kara calate haiN| yaha darzana inakI una paddhatiyoM meM sahaja rUpa se nihita hai, jinase ve vijJAna kA vikAsa karate haiM--kabhI-kabhI to ve samajhate bhI nahIM ki kyoM ve aisI paddhati ko vyavahata karate haiN|. ........ 'Aja ke adhikAMza vaijJAnika isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM ki prAcIna dArzanika samasyAeM aura inake samAdhAnoM' kI carcA yadi Adhunika vijJAna ke siddhAMto ke Aloka meM kI jAya to vaha vastuta: hI lAbhadAyaka ho sakatI hai| jaise ki mAne hue vaijJAnika sara eDamaNDa vhITTAkara (Sir Edmund Whittakar) jinhoMne prAcIna yUnAnI gaNitajJa yukliDa (Euclid) se lekara Adhunika vaijJAnika eDigTana taka ke vijJAna ke itihAsa para adhikArapUrNa pustaka likhI hai, apanI usa pustaka kI Adi meM likhate hai: 1 'Aja bhI yaha satya hai ki bahuta sAre mahattvapUrNa dAnika praznoM kI carcA bhautika vizva ke sandarbha ke binA karanA lAbhadAyaka nahIM ho sakatA aura bhautika vijJAna ke nikaTabhUta meM hue vikAsa ne kucha pAraMparika darzana kI samasyAoM para prakAza DAlA hai| inhIM samasyAoM meM 'AkAza ke svarUpa' kA prazna bhI hai|' prakRti kI aneka samasyAoM meM se AkAza-tattva' kI samasyA bhI eka hai, jisako Adhunika vijJAna ne nae dRSTikoNa se hala karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| aura isa prAcIna samasyA kA yaha nayA hala adhikatara jJAna mImAMsA para AdhArita hai| kintu kucha vicAraka Adhunika vijJAna ke isa dArzanika lakSaNa ko svIkAra nahIM krte| prasiddha Adhunika dArzanika aura vaijJAnika hansa rAizanabAkha (Hans Reichenbach) ke zabdoM meM yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se prakaTa hotI hai: 2 'yadi vartamAna yuga ke dArzanika samakAlIna vijJAna ke dArzanika lakSaNa ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM--yadi 'ApekSikatA kA siddhAMta' (Theory of Relativity) aura seTsa kA siddhAMta' (Theory of Sets) jaise siddhAMta ko ve 'adArzanika' kahate hai aura unako kevala vijJAna-vizeSa ke hI aMga mAnate haiM--to yaha nirNaya una dArzanikoM kI Adhunika vaijJAnika vicAroM meM nihita dArzanikatA ko samajhane kI asamarthatA ko hI vyakta karatA hai|' Age rAizanavAkha likhate haiM : 3'yaha Avazyaka hai ki vijJAna ko dArzanika dRSTikoNoM se dekhA jAyeM aura usake tIkSNa upakaraNoM se isa pariSkRta jJAna kA 'darzana' banAyA jaay|' 1. phoma yukliDa TU eDiMgTana, pR0 1 / 2. dI philosophI oNka spesa eNDa TAIma, priphesa, pR0 13 / 3. dI philosophI Apha spesa eNDa TAIma, priphesa, pR0 14 /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna saMkSipta meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vijJAna aura darzana kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana atyanta upayogI ho sakatA hai| (2) Adhunika vijJAna kA darzana vAstavikatA kA svarUpa suprasiddha vaijJAnika pheDa hoyala (Fred Hoyle) vizva (Universe) kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM-'vizva saba kucha hai; jIva aura nirjIva padArtha; aNu aura AkAza-gaMgAeM (galaxies); aura yadi bhautika padArtho ke sAtha AdhyAtmika tattvoM kA astitva ho to ve bhI; aura yadi svarga aura naraka bhI ho, to ve bhii| cUMki svabhAvata: vizva sabhI padArthoM kI sakalatA hai|' isa prakAra, vizva' zabda kA vyApaka artha hai una sabhI tattvoM kA samUha, jinakA astitva hama indriya, buddhi aura AtmA dvArA jAna sakate haiN| aNu se lekara AkAza-gaMgA taka ke sabhI choTe-bar3e bhautika padArtha to isameM samAhita haiM hii| kintu inake atirikta AkAza (Space), kAla (Time), Ithara (ether), caitanya (consciousness) Adi tattvoM kA bhI anubhava pratyakSa aura apratyakSa rUpa meM hameM hotA hai| ata: ye bhI vizva ke aMga hai| yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki vAstavikatA (reality)kA kyA svarUpa hai? isa prazna kA samAdhAna vaijJAnikoM ne kisa prakAra kiyA hai? bhinna-bhinna vaijJAnikoM ne bhinna-bhinna rUpa se prazna kA uttara diyA hai aura ye uttara vibhinna dArzanikoM ke dvArA diye gae samAdhAnoM se sAdRzya rakhate haiN| vaijJAnikoM ke aura dArzanikoM ke abhiprAyoM ko mukhya rUpa se do prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-- 1. AdarzavAda (Idealism)-isa vicAradhArA ke anusAra hamAre jJAna meM Ane vAlA vizva 'vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA' (objective reality) na hokara kevala 'jJAtA-sApekSa vAstavikatA' (subjective reality) hai| AdarzavAda kahatA 1. phanTiyarsa oNpha esTronomI, pR0 304 / 2. Adhunika vijJAna ke darzanavettA henI mArgenau isa viSaya meM likhate haiM ki yaha eka mAnA huA tathya hai ki jahAM taka zuddha vaijJAnika bAtoM kA prazna hai, jagat ke vaijJAnika ekamata hote haiN| kintu 'vAstavikatA' ke viSaya meM unakA bhinna-bhinna mata honA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai|' -dI necara oNpha phijikala riyaliTI, pR0 12 3. kisI bhI padArtha kA astitva yadi jJAtA kI apekSA binA-apane Apa meM svatantratayA hotA hai, to vaha vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA' (objective reality) hai| dUsarI ora jisa padArtha kA apane Apa meM svatantratayA koI vAstavika astitva nahIM hai, kintu kevala jJAtA ke mastiSka meM usakA astitva hotA hai, to vaha jJAtA-sApekSa vAstavikatA' (subjective reality) hai|

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darzana aura vijJAna 9 hai ki vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA kA astitva hone para bhI hamArA ( manuSya kA ) jJAna kevala jJAtA - sApekSa vAstavikatA taka sImita hai / isa abhiprAya ko svIkAra karane vAle vaijJAnikoM meM DA. alabarTa AInsaTIna, sara e. esa. eDiMgTana, sara jemsa jInsa, harmana vAila, arnasTa mAkha, poInakera Adi haiM aura dArzanikoM meM pluto (Plato), lAibanIja, loka, barkale, hyUma, kANTa, hegala Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 2. vAstavikatAvAda (Realism) - - isake anusAra vizva vastusApekSa vAstavikatA hai / vizva-sthita padArtha jJAtA kI apekSA binA bhI vAstavika astitva rakhate haiN| isa abhiprAya ko svIkAra karane vAle vaijJAnikoM meM nyUTana, bohara (Bohr), hAijanabarga, vhITTAkara, rAizanabAkha, sI. i. ema. joDa, sara olivara loja aura bhautikavAdI soviyata vaijJAnika haiM tathA dArzanikoM meM DemokriTasa aura aNuvAdI yUnAnI dArzanika, arastu, IsAI pANDityavAdI (Scholastic) dArzanika, rene DekArTas, barTreNDa rasala, henrI mArgenau Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| (ka) vaijJAnikoM kA AdarzavAda aura jaina darzana vijJAna ke sahaja dArzanika svabhAva kI carcA meM yaha batAyA gayA thA ki 'vijJAna kA eka sunizcata darzana hai / isase yahI tAtparya thA vijJAna manuSya ke jJAna kI dhArA hone ke kAraNa 'darzana' se achUtA nahIM raha sakatA / kintu vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA pratipAdita dArzanika dhArAeM vijJAna kA darzana hai, aisA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jaise mArgenau ke zabdoM meM hamane dekhA ki vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM vaijJAnikoM kA bhinna-bhinna mata honA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai / isa abhiprAya ke AdhAra para mArgenau ne vaijJAnikoM ko bhinna-bhinna dArzanika prakAroM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, jinameM plAMka aura AinsaTIna ko vivecanAtmaka vAstavikatAvAdI (kriTikala riyalisTsa) eDiMgTana aura jInsa ko AdarzavAdI tathA bohara aura hAIjanabarga ko vidhAnavAdI athavA pratyakSavAdI (paoNjiTibIsTa ) batAyA hai / mArgenau to yahAM taka mAnate hai ki nitAMta AtmavAdI (solipsiSTa) bhI kucha eka sImAoM meM vaijJAnika bana sakatA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki vaijJAnika darzana aura vaijJAnikoM kA darzana eka hI nahIM hai / eDiMgTana ne vijJAna ke darzana kA jisa rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA hai, use hama eDiMgTana kA darzana kaha sakate haiM, parantu vijJAna kA darzana nahIM kaha sakate / isI prakAra anya 1. dekheM, pR0 6 / 2. dekheM, pR0 8, TippaNa 3 / 3. dI necara oNpha phijikala riyaliTI, pR0 12 / 4. dekheM, vahI, pR0 12; nitAnta AtmavAdI meM sAmAnyatayA 'sva' (AtmA) ke atirikta vizva kI vAstavikatA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| jJAtA-sApekSa AdarzavAda kA aikAntika rUpa nitAnta AtmavAda' hai /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA pratipAdita dArzanika vicAradhArAeM, una vaijJAnikoM ke darzana hai, na ki 'vijJAna kA drshn'| AdarzavAdI vaijJAnikoM meM mukhyata: eDiMgTana, vAIla, sara jemsa jInsa jaise vaijJAnika haiN| eDiMgTana ne yaha to svIkAra kiyA hai ki vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA kA astitva hai, kintu bhautika vijJAna ke dvArA hama vizva kA jo jJAna karate haiM, vaha jJAtA-sApekSa hai| eDiMgTana kI vicAradhArA meM jJAtA athavA caitanya ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| vijJAna (vizeSata: bhautika vijJAna) vizva ke viSaya meM nirapekSa satya athavA vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ko na jAnanA cAhatA hai aura na jAna sakatA hai| vaijJAnika paddhatiyoM ke dvArA hama jo jJAna karate haiM, vaha pUrNata: jJAtA-sApekSa hai| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki vijJAna caitanya aura bAhya vizva kI saMyukta anubhUti se sambandhita hai| isakA tAtparya yahI huA ki bhautika vizva ke padArthoM kA astitva caitanya kI jJAna-paddhati ke dvArA hI vyakta hotA hai aura vijJAna kA sambandha isake sAtha hone ke kAraNa vijJAna dvArA nirmita niyama athavA siddhAMta jJAtA-sApekSa hI hai| ___eDiMgTana vAstavikatAvAda ke kar3e virodhI rahe haiN| unhoMne vAstavikatAvAda ko virodhI vicAradhArA ke rUpa meM mAnakara hI apanI vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vAstavikatAvAda kA yaha sAdhAraNa pratipAdana hai ki bhautika padArtho kA astitva vastu-sApekSa hai tathA unameM rahe hue sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa Adi guNa bhI vastu-sApekSa haiN| eDiMgTana ke kathanAnusAra--'bhautika padArtho meM sparza Adi vAstavika guNadharma hote haiM, yaha bAta vaijJAnika pratipAdana ke viruddha hai| udAraNasvarUpa vAstavika seva' kA astitva jJAtA ke mastiSka ke bAhara svatantra rUpa se hotA hai, isa bAta kA maiM virodha nahIM karatA aura na maiM isa bAta kA bhI virodha karatA hUM ki 'rasa' kA vAstavika astitva hai| merA virodha to vAstavikatAvAdiyoM kI isa mAnyatA se hai ki vAstavika seva ke bhItara hI vAstavika rasa kA astitva hai, jo jJAtA se sarvathA nirapekSa hai| 'eDiMgTana svayaM yaha mAnate hai ki anubhUti meM Ane vAlI bAtoM meM jJAtA' athavA 'mana' sarvaprathama aura pratyakSa hai; zeSa saba uttaravartI anumAna hone se parokSa haiN| pratyeka manuSya kI anubhUti meM yaha bAta to AtI hI hai ki usakI cetanA meM kramagata parivartana hotA rahatA hai-smRti, kalpanA, bhAvanA Adi kI anubhuti bhI isake 1. dekheM, dI philosophI oNpha phijikala sAInsa, pR0 185, 187 / 2. dekheM, vahI, pR0 184 / 3. dI nyU pAthaveja ina sAInsa, pR0 281 /

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darzana aura vijJAna sAtha-sAtha hotI rahatI hai| isa prakAra kisI bhI prakAra kI anubhUti meM eka aisA tattva rahatA hai, jo yadyapi vyaktigata caitanya se bhinna hai, bahirjagat ke padArthoM se bhI bhinna hai; bahirjagat ke padArtha aura unakI aindriya anubhUti to isase bahuta bAda ke haiM tathA parokSa haiN| isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA hai ki eDiMgTana kI vicAradhArA meM jJAtA ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai; vaha isalie ki unake abhimata meM jJAtA kI koI bhI anubhUti naI nahIM hotI; purAnI anubhUti ke sAtha kucha-na-kucha sAdRzya rakhatI hI hai| jJAtA vahI rahatA hai aura purAnI anubhUti ke AdhAra para naI anubhUti ko janma detA hai| yaha naI-purAnI kA cakra calatA rahatA hai aura puna: hameM vahI anubhUti hotI hai, jo pahale ho cukI thii| bhautika vijJAna isI bAta para AdhArita hai ki bhinna-bhinna anubhUtiyoM kA jJAtA eka hI hai aura isalie hI bhautika vijJAna jJAtA-sApekSa vizva kA pratipAdana karatA hai| eDiMgTana ne apanI vicAradhArA ko sImita jJAtA-sApekSavAda kahA hai| nitAnta AtvAda meM kevala 'sva' ko hI vAstavika mAnA gayA hai| eDiMgTana kI vicAradhArA ke anusAra hamArI cetanA ke atirikta bhI anya cetanA kA vAstavika astitva ho sakatA hai, kyoMki mere kAna aura vAcA kI anubhUti (sune jAne aura par3he jAne vAle zabdoM kI) kA jo mere lie pratyakSa jJAna hai, vaha dUsaroM ke lie nitAnta bhinna anubhUti kA parokSa jJAna ho sakatA hai, kintu nitAnta AtmavAda yaha svIkAra nahIM krtaa| ata: bhautika vijJAna AtmavAda kA virodhI ho jAtA hai| eka sthAna meM vAstavikatAvAdI vicAradhArA ko uddhRta karake, unhoMne likhA hai ki isa prakAra kI vicAradhArA bIsavIM sadI ke darzana kA AdhAra kaise bana sakatI hai, yaha merI samajha meM nahIM aataa| ___isa prakAra eDiMgTana ke jJAtA-sApekSavAda kA tAtparya yahI lagatA hai ki caitanya yA mana vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatAvAda hai, jabaki bhautika jagat jJAtA-sApekSa vAstavikatA hai| pro. sTebiMga ne to spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai-'sara Arthara eDiMgTana ke dArzanika granthoM meM yaha bAta pAyI jAtI hai ki unakI svayaM kI rUDha dArzanika bhAvanA 1. vahI, pR0 280 / 2. vahI, pR0 286 / 3. vahI pR0 287 / 4. dekheM, dI philosophI oNpha phijikala sAInsa, pR0 27 / 5. dI philosophI oNpha phijikala sAInsa, pR0 198, 199 / 6. vahI, pR0 211, 212 /

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. jaina darzana aura vijJAna unheM isa bAta ke lie cintita karatI hai ki unake vaijJAnika darzana ko ve kisa prakAra se unake jIvana-darzana ke sAtha sambandhita kara skeN| kintu aisA karane meM jo mUlya unheM cukAnA par3A hai, vaha unakI dhAraNA se atyadhika hai|' isa prakAra eDiMgTana ke dvArA pratipAdita dArzanika vicAradhArA unake svayaM kA darzana hai| eDiMgTana kA darzana aura jaina darzana eDiMgTana ke darzana kI jaina darzana ke sAtha tulanA karate samaya hameM jaina darzana kI jJAna-mImAMsA aura tattva-mImAMsA ko dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA lakSaNa 'upayoga' arthAt caitanya-vyApAra hai|' caitanya kI pravRtti ke dvArA AtmA-dravyoM ko jAnatI hai| pratyeka dravya meM sahaja rUpa se ananta guNa vidyamAna hote hai, jo mukhyatayA do prakAra ke haiM-sAmAnya aura vishess| ye guNa dravya meM vastuniSTha hote haiN| inako AtmA jaba jAnatI hai, taba vaha jAnanA kramaza: darzana (anAkAra upayoga) aura jJAna (sAkAra upayoga) kahalAtA hai| tAtparya yaha huA ki vastu (jJeya) ke vastu-niSTha guNoM ke kAraNa hI jJAtA (AtmA) kA avabodha do prakAroM me vibhakta ho jAtA hai| dUsarI jo jaina jJAna-mImAMsA kI apanI maulika aura viziSTa bAta hai, vaha yaha hai ki aindriya jJAna ke atirikta 'atIndriya jJAna' kA honA bhI vaha svIkAra karatA hai| jahAM aindriya jJAna meM AtmA vastuoM ko indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se jAnatI hai, vahAM atIndriya-jJAna meM binA inakI sahAyatA se apane Apa jJeya vastu ko jAna letI hai| jaina darzana meM jJAna ke pAMca bheda batAye gaye hai| unameM se 1. philosophI eNDa dI phijisTisa, priphesa, pR0 10 / 2. upayogalakSaNo jIva: / cetanAvyApAra upayogaH / / ___ -zrI jaina siddhAMta dIpikA, 2-1, 2 / 3. 'darzana' zabda jaina jJAna-mImAMsA kA pAribhASika zabda hai| isakA artha hai-vastu (dravya) ke ___sAmAnya guNoM kA avbodh| yaha sAmAnyatayA prayukta 'darzana' zabda se nitAnta bhinna hai| 4. (1) matijJAna-indriya, mana aura buddhi kI sahAyatA se hone vaalaa| (2) zrutajJAna-sva aura para kA avabodha karAne meM samartha matijJAna / avadhijJAna-bAhya sAdhanoM kI apekSA ke binA kevala AtmA ke dvArA hI hone vAlA dRzya padArthoM kA jnyaan| (4) mana:paryavajJAna-kevala AtmA ke dvArA hI hone vAlA saMjJI prANiyoM ke manobhAvoM kA jnyaan| kevalajJAna-kevala AtmA ke dvArA hI hone vAlA samasta dravyoM va paryAyoM kA saakssaatkaar| (inake vistRta vivecana ke lie dekheM, zrI jaina siddhAnta dIpikA prakAza dUsarA tathA bhikSunyAyakarNikA, vibhAga 5)

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darzana aura vijJAna prathama do--matijJAna va zrutajJAna to aindriya haiM aura zeSa tIna-avadhijJAna, mana:paryava jJAna aura kevalajJAna atIndriya haiN| prathama do AtmA ke atirikta bAhya sAdhanoM kI apekSA rakhate haiM (cAhe ve sAdhana indriya athavA mana ke rUpa meM hoM yA bhautika upakaraNoM ke rUpa meM ho), jabaki zeSa tIna meM bAhya bhautika sAdhanoM kI kiMcit bhI apekSA nahIM rhtii| isIlie avadhi, mana:paryava aura kevala-ye tIna pratyakSa mAne jAte haiM aura mati-zruta parokSa mAne jAne hai| dUsarI ora jaina tattva-mImAMsA kA yaha spaSTa nirUpaNa hai ki jIvAstikAya (AtmA) aura pudgalAstikAya donoM svataMtra tattva haiM aura vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatAeM haiN| caitanya AtmA kA asAdhAraNa guNa hai| sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa- ye pudgala ke anivArya guNa haiM aura vastu-sApekSa haiN| pudgala tattva kI paribhASA hI isa prakAra kI gaI hai ki sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa (raMga), jisameM hoM, vaha pudgala hai|' eDiMgTana ke darzana aura jaina darzana meM kitanA sAmya-vaiSamya hai, yaha aba saralatayA spaSTa ho sakatA hai| eDiMgTana ne apane darzana kA AdhAra jJAna maimAsika vizleSaNa ko banA kara yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki caitanya eka vastusApekSa vAstavikatA hai, jo hamAre sAre jJAna, anubhUti, vicAra, smRti Adi kA srota hai| jaina-darzana bhI AtmA kA astitva vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai aura usako hI sabhI cetanAmaya pravRttiyoM kA srota mAnatA hai| isa prakAra AtmA ke astitva ke viSaya meM tathA usake guNa ke viSaya meM donoM darzanoM kA sadRza pratipAdana rahA hai| bAhya vizva athavA bhautika jagat ke 'astitva' kA jahAM taka prazna hai donoM hI darzana usako svIkAra karate haiM, kintu usake svarUpa ke viSaya meM donoM meM maulika matabheda pratIta hotA hai| eDiMgTana yaha mAnate hai ki bhautika padArtha ke varNa, rasa Adi sabhI guNa vastu-niSTha na hokara kevala caitanya kI pravRti ke nimitta hI usameM Aropita hote haiM; jabaki jaina darzana ke anusAra varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza kA astitva caitanyajanya nahIM, apitu pudgala meM svAbhAvika rUpa se hI hotA hai| pudgala ke pratyeka paramANu meM eka varNa, eka gandha, eka rasa aura do sparza hote haiN| 1. sparzasagandhavarNavAn pudgalaH / -zrI jaina siddhAMta dIpikA, 1-11 / 2. ekarasagandhavarNoM dvisparza: kAryaliGgaca / -pnycaaskiaaysaar|

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14 jaina darzana aura vijJAna paramANu kA astitva jisa prakAra vastu sApekSa hai- jJAtA sApekSa nahIM, usI prakAra sparzAdi guNacatuSTaya bhI paramANu ke vastu-sApekSa guNa hai aura jJAtA kI apekSA binA ye sadA paramANu meM rahate haiN| itanA hI nahIM, balki sparzAdi catuSTaya kI vividhatA kA astitva bhI jJAtA-sApekSa na hokara vastu sApekSa hI hai| vizva meM astitvavAn ananta paramANuoM meM ananta prakAra se ina guNoM kA vaividhya aura tAratamya hotA hai| udAharaNArtha hama varNa ko leM-kAlA, nIlA, rakta, pIta aura zveta pAMca prakAra ke varNa maulika mAne jAte haiN| pratyeka paramANu meM ina pAMca varNo meM se koI bhI eka varNa avazya hotA hai| isameM bhI phira samAna varNa vAle paramANuoM meM usa varNa kI mAtrA kA tAratamya hotA hai| kucha eka paramANu kevala eka guNa (yUniTa) vAle hote hai; kucha eka paramANu do guNa vAle, kucha ananta guNa vAle bhI hote hai| isa prakAra se anya vargoM kI tathA rasa Adi guNoM kI bhI vividhatA aura tAratamya vastu-sApekSa rUpa meM paramANuoM meM hotA hai| isa prakAra varNadi catuSTaya kI vividhatA kA astitva na to cetanA dvArA Aropita hotA hai| aura na cetanA para AdhArita hI hai| yaha jaina paramANuvAda kI tAttvika rUparekhA hai| isake anusAra seva' jina paramANuoM kA banA huA hai, unameM se pratyeka paramANu meM koI na koI 'rasa' to hotA hI hai aura ina saba paramANuoM ke samUha rUpa seva kA rasa bhI vAstavika astitva rakhatA hai| Adhunika vijJAna bhautika padArtha kI antima ikAI taka pahuMca nahIM pAyA hai, phira bhI aNu-sthita kaNa-'RNANu' 'dhanANu' Adi vyAvahArika rUpa meM bhautika padArtho kI ikAiyoM ke rUpa meM mAne jAne haiN| eDiMgTana ina kaNoM ke vAstavika astitva ko to svIkAra karate haiM, para inameM varNAdi guNoM kA vAstavika astitva hai, aisA ve nahIM maante| unake yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM AtI ki jJAtA kI apekSA ke binA bhI svayaM paramANu aura padArtha varNAdi ko kisa prakAra dhAraNa kara sakate hai| kintu yaha kevala unakI rUr3ha AdarzavAdI vicAradhArA ke kAraNa se hai, aisA lagatA hai| varNAdi kI vividhatA pratyakSatayA hamArI anubhUti meM AtI hai aura eDiMgTana bhI isakA niSedha nahIM kara skte| aba, yadi yaha vividhatA vastuniSTha na hotI, to eka hI caitanya ko vibhinna padArtha, vividha varNAdi vAle kisa prakAra anubhUta hote? sAtha hI yadi varNAdi ko bunane vAlA caitanya hI hotA aura padArtha apane ApameM nirguNa hI hotA, to phira eka hI padArtha nAnA jJAtAoM ke dvArA samAna hI varNAdi vAlA kyoM 1. dekheM, dI nyU pAthavela ina sAInsa, pR0 88 /

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darzana aura vijJAna anubhUta hotA' arthAta yadi padArtha meM svayaM kisI bhI prakAra kA vaiziSTya na ho to sabhI jJAtA use samAna rUpa se anubhava kareM, yaha saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| udAharaNArtha-dUba kA raMga sabhI manuSyoM ko harA dikhAI detA hai| eDiMgTana kA mata yaha hai ki isameM dUba kI svayaM kI koI viziSTatA nahIM hai| jJAtA apanI viziSTa caitanya zakti ke kAraNa hI dUba ko harI dekhatA hai, kintu yaha na to sAmAnya tarka ke AdhAra para sahI 1.yaha sahI hai ki kabhI-kabhI eka hI padArtha bhinna-bhinna jJAtAoM ko bhinna-bhinna varNAdi vAlA anubhUta hotA hai, kintu isakA kAraNa vyaktigata kSamatA aura sAdhanoM kI bhinnatA hai| jaise varNAMdha vyaktiyoM ko varNoM kI vividhatA kA koI patA nahIM cltaa| isa prakAra mujhe jo vastu svAda meM mIThI lagatI hai, vaha dUsare vyakti ko khArI bhI laga sakatI hai| kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki vastu-niSTha koI rasa usa vastu meM hai hI nhiiN| anubhUti meM rasoM kI bhinnatA kA honA hama donoM kI rasanendriya kI kSamatA aura racanA-bhinnatA kA dyotaka hai| jo 'rasa' hameM anubhUti meM jJAta hotA hai, vaha vastu-niSTha rasa ke sAtha rasanendriya ke rAsAyanika aura bhautika prakriyA ke phalasvarUpa niSpanna 'rasa' hai| ata: yadi merI aura dUsare vyakti kI rasanendriya meM thor3A-sA bhI antara ho, to anubhUta 'rasa' donoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna hogaa| isako hama gANitika samIkaraNa ke dvArA isa prakAra batA sakate haiM : yadi a vastu-niSTha guNa ho, ba, aura ba, do jJAtAoM kI indriyoM kI racanA ke dyotaka acala hoM aura ka, aura ka kramaza: donoM jJAtAoM dvArA anubhUta guNa hoM, a+ba, = ka, hogA, aura a+ba = ka hogaa| isI samIkaraNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yadi ho, to ka, = ka, hogA arthAt donoM jJAtAoM ko samAna anubhUti hogii| sAmAnyatayA yahI hotA hai, kyoMki adhi kAMza rUpa meM manuSyoM ke lie ba, ba Adi bhinna-bhinna nahIM hote| ina samIkaraNoM se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki a aura ke samAna tabhI ho sakate haiM jabaki ba kA mUlya zUnya ho arthAt indriya rUpa sAdhana kI racanA aura kSamatA kA bilkula hI prabhAva hamAre jJAna para na par3e, tabhI hamArI anubhUti meM Ane vAle guNa padArtha ke vastu-niSTha guNa ho sakate haiN| atIndriya jJAna meM yaha saMbhava ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki eka hI jJAtA ke lie aindriya racanA aura kSamatA parivartita ho jAye, arthAt ba kA mUlya acala na rahe; taba eka hI jJAtA ko eka hI padArtha bhinna-bhinna paristhitiyoM meM bhinna rUpa se anubhUta hotaa| jaise-eka manuSya yadi cInI meM milAyA huA dUdha pItA hai to use vaha mIThA lagatA hai| vahI manuSya miThAI khAne ke bAda usI dUdha ko pItA hai to vaha phIkA lagatA hai| isakA artha yahI hotA hai ki ba kA mUlya donoM paristhitiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna hogaa| kintu sAmAnya paristhiti meM ba ke mUlya ko sabhI jJAtAoM ke lie sama mAnA jA sakatA hai|

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16 jaina darzana aura vijJAna lagatA hai, na vartamAna meM upalabdha vaijJAnika jJAna ke AdhAra para aura na jaina darzana kI tattva-mImAMsA ke AdhAra para hii| sAmAnya buddhi hameM yahI batAtI hai ki dUba kA caitanya se sambandha na ho to bhI vaha harI hI rahatI hai| dUsarI ora vijJAna 'raMga' kI prakriyA ko taraMga-siddhAMta ke AdhAra para samajhAtA hai| vijJAna kA yaha sarvamAnya siddhAMta hai ki sUrya ke sapheda prakAza meM samagra cAkSuSa varNapaTa kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| sUrya se prasArita hone vAle prakAza-taraMga jaba padArtha meM hokara gujarate haiM, taba usa padArtha kI svayaM kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa eka vizeSa taraMga-dairdhya ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI usa padArtha ke dvArA zoSita ho jAte hai| isa prakAra jaba dUba meM se prakAza kI taraMgeM gujaratI haiM, taba dUba kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa hI hare raMga ko sUcita karane vAlI taraMga-dairdhya ko chor3akara zeSa taraMga dairdhya vAlI sabhI taraMgeM dUba ke dvArA zoSita (ebsorDa) ho jAtI haiN| hamArI AMkha taka kevala ve hI taraMgeM pahuMcatI haiM, jinakA taraMga-dairdhya hare raMga ko sUcita karatA hai aura isIlie hameM dUba harI dikhAI detI hai| isa taraha vaijJAnika siddhAMto ke anusAra bhI hamArA-caitanya kA-jJAtA kA-dUba ko harA, gulAba ko lAla aura saMtare ko nAraMgI dekhanA hamAre caitanya para AdhArita nahIM hai, kintu isa bAta para AdhArita hai ki kauna-sA taraMga dairdhya una padArthoM ke dvArA zoSita nahIM ho paataa| taraMga-dairdhya kA zoSaNa padArtha ke svarUpa para nirbhara karatA hai athavA dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAye to padArtha ke svarUpa meM hI padArtha kA varNa nihita hai| isalie eDiMgTana kA yaha mantavya ki varNa ko bunane vAlA caitanya hai, vaijJAnika siddhAnta ke AdhAra para bhI galata hI siddha ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana to yaha spaSTa rUpa se batAtA hai ki pudgala svayaM hI sparza, rasa, gandha, aura varNa se yukta hotA hai| dUba ke paramANuoM meM sabhI varNa vAle paramANu maujUda haiM, isalie vastuta: to dUba kA raMga harA hI nahIM hai, kintu hare raMga vAle paramANuoM kI saMkhyA adhika hone ke kAraNa dUba hameM harI dikhAI detI hai| vastuta: to vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa aura jaina darzana ke dRSTikoNa meM adhika antara hI nahIM raha jAtA; kyoMki padArtha kA varNa donoM dRSTikoNoM ke anusAra padArtha kI racanA meM hI nihita hotA hai| padArtha ke dvArA kauna-kauna se taraMga-dairdhya kA zoSaNa hotA hai, isakA AdhAra padArtha kI racanA hai-padArtha-sthita paramANuoM kA mUla varNa hI hai| varNAdi guNoM se rahita RNANu kisa prakAra kA astitva rakhatA hai, isa viSaya meM eDiMgTana ne koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| sambhavata: unake abhimatAnusAra saMhita yA vidyuta-Aveza hI kevala bhautika padArtha (RNANu Adi) kA vAstavika guNa hai aura varNAdi guNa kevala caitanya dvArA

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darzana aura vijJAna Aropita hote haiN| jaina darzana saMhati ko 'sparza' guNa mAnatA hai| akele paramANu meM saMhati hotI hI nahIM hai| akele paramANu meM do sparza hote haiN| snigdha-rUkSa ke yugma meM se eka aura zIta uSNa ke yugma meM se ek| isa prakAra saMhati' jo laghu-guru sparza guNoM se udbhata hotI hai, paramANu kA mUlabhUta guNa nahIM hai| aba taka hamane kevala aindriya jJAna kI carcA kii| jaina darzana meM atIndriya jJAna kA vistRta rUpa se vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| atIndriya jJAna meM padArtha ke vastu-niSTha guNa usI rUpa meM jAne jAte haiM jisa rUpa meM ve vastuta: hI haiM, kyoMki yahAM AtmA kA jJeya se pratyakSa sambandha hotA hai| atIndriya jJAna meM AtmA kisI bhautika sAdhana kI sahAyatA ke binA padArtha ke guNoM kA jJAna karatI hai; ata: indriya Adi sAdhanoM ke hastakSepa ke kAraNa jo bhinnatA anubhUta guNa aura vastu-niSTha guNa meM utpanna ho jAtI hai, vaha yahAM nahIM hotii| isa prakAra ke jJAna kI sahAyatA se paramANu aura skandha meM raha hue vastu-sApekSa varNAdi guNa kA jJAna manuSya kara sakatA hai| eDiMgTana ke darzana meM prayukta 'bhautika vijJAna kA vizva' aura 'bhautika vizva' ina do zabdoM ke ulajhana kI carcA hama kara cuke haiN| aba jaina darzana ke Aloka meM ina do zabdoM ke artha adhika spaSTa ho sakatA hai| 'bhautika vizva' paudgalika vizva hai, jisameM paramANu aura skandha apanA-apanA vAstavika astitva rakhate haiM, eka dUsare ke sAtha jur3ate haiM aura eka dUsare se pRthaka hote haiM-yaha bheda aura saMghAta kI kriyA vastu-sApekSa rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| jaba isa vizva ko hama atIndriya jJAna se jAnate haiM, taba hamAre jJAna meM Ane vAlA vizva bhI 'bhautika vizva' ke sadaza hI hotA hai, kintu jaba iMdriya, mana aura bAhya upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA se hama 'bhautika vizva' ko jAnate haiM taba hamAre jJAna meM Ane vAle vizva aura 'bhautika vizva' meM kucha antara raha jAtA hai| yaha antara hamAre athavA jJAtA ke indriya, mana aura anyAnya sAdhanoM ke hastakSepa tathA sImitatA ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai| 'bhautika vijJAna' bhI isa prakAra ke aindriya jJAna kA hI viziSTa prakAra hai| ata: isake dvArA jAne jAne vAle vizva ko hama 'bhautika vijJAna kA vizva' kaha sakate haiN| isa dRSTi se isake niyamoM ko 'jJAtA-sApekSa' mAnanA 1. sparza pudgala kA mUla guNa hai| usake ATha bheda hai-snigdha, rukSa, zIta, uSNa, laghu, guru, mRdu, ktthor| isameM se snigdha-rukSa va zIta-uSNa-ye cAra sparza maulika haiM aura zeSa cAra sparza paramANuoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hote haiN| rukSa, snigdha Adi kevala sparza kI abhivyakti ke prakAra nahIM haiM, kintu paramANu meM vAstu-sApekSa se rahane vAle guNa haiN| caitanya kI anubhUti ke sAtha inakI sthAyI sattA nahIM bdltii| 2. saMhati-zUnya paramANu kI carcA 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta' kI samIkSA meM vistRta rUpa se kI jaayegii|

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18 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bhI anucita nahIM hai / isa prakAra 'bhautika vijJAna ke vizva' ko yadi eDiMgTana jJAtA-sApekSa kahate hai to vaha jaina darzana kI dRSTi se bhI sahI hai / eDiMgTana ke darzana meM 'bhautika vizva' aura 'bhautika vijJAna ke vizva' ke bIca ke antara ke viSaya meM jo aspaSTatA rahI hai, usakA eka kAraNa sambhavataH yaha bhI ho sakatA hai-padArtha meM rahe hue sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa Adi guNoM kA jJAna sparzanendriya, rasanendriya dhrANendriya aura cakSurindriya ke dvArA hI manuSya karatA hai 1 pratyeka indriya meM apane-apane viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAle saMvedanazIla jJAna - tantuoM kI viziSTa prakAra kI racanA hotI hai| isa prakAra aindriya racanA aura padArtha ke guNoM jo prAkRtika sAdRzya hai, usase yaha prazna khar3A hotA hai ki kyA sparzanondriya Adi kI aindriya viziSTatA maulika hai aura inake nimitta se hI padArtha sparzAdi guNa vAle bana jAte haiM athavA padArtha svabhAvatayA sparzAdi guNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM aura sparzanendriya Adi kI racanA svatantra tathya hai ? eDiMgTana jJAtA kI aindriya viziSTatA ko maulika mAna kara jJAtA - sApekSavAda ko sthApita karate haiM, kintu vastuta: to 'bhautika vizva' meM sparzAdi guNa hI maulika aura pradhAna hai| bhautika vijJAna ke vizva' meM aindriya racanA kI viziSTatA ko pradhAna mAnA jA sakatA hai; phira bhI yaha kevala jJAna-mImAMsA ke kSetra se saMbandhita tathya hai| jahAM tattva-mImAMsA kA prazna hai, vaha to aindriya racanA ko eka svataMtra tathya ke rUpa meM hI mAnanA upayukta hogA I eDiMgTana ke darzana kA sabase adhika nirbala pakSa yaha hai ki jisa bhautika vijJAna para vaha AdhArita hai, vaha bhautika vijJAna aba taka, 'bhautika padArtha kI carama ikAI kyA hai?' 'usakA tAttvika svarUpa kyA hai ? Adi praznoM kA uttara dene meM asamartha rahA hai| jina saMjJAoM kA prayoga bhautika vijJAna meM kiyA jAtA hai, una saMjJAoM ke tAttvika svarUpa ke viSaya meM vaha kucha bhI nahIM batAtA / udAharaNArtha- varNa ko samajhAne ke lie bhautika vijJAna meM prakAza taraMgoM ke dairdhya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai; kintu prakAza svaya kyA hai-taraMga-rUpa hai yA kaNa rUpa? padArtha prakAza-taraMgoM ko kisa kAraNa se zoSita karatA hai ? Adi praznoM kA samAdhAna bhautika vijJAna aba taka nahIM de pAyA hai aura taba taka nahIM de pAyegA, jaba taka ki bhautika padArtha kA carama rUpa spaSTa nahIM ho jaataa| vartamAna meM isa viSaya meM aneka prakAra kI upadhAraNAeM aura parikalpanAeM vijJAna-jagat meM pracalita haiM / bhautikavAdI vaijJAnika jahAM aisI parikalpanAoM ke AdhAra para varNa ko vastu-sApekSa guNa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karate hai, vahAM eDiMgTana kA darzana aisI hI koI parikalpanA kA AdhAra lekara varNa ko jJAtA - sApekSa guNa ke rUpa meM nirUpita karatA hai| isa prakAra kA pratipAdana kevala AnumAnika hai, anAdhArita hai aura pratyakSa anubhava kA pratirodhI hai /

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19 darzana aura vijJAna jaina darzanakAroM ne pudgala ke carama svarUpa ko apane atIndriya jJAna kI sahAyatA se jAnA hai aura isake AdhAra para hI paramANuvAda kA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai| varNa Adi guNa vastuta: hI vastu-niSTha hote haiM, ityAdi pratipAdanoM kA AdhAra unake vastu-svarUpa kA pratyakSa jJAna hI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra to isa svarUpa ko aindriya jJAna ke dvArA jAnA hI nahIM jA sktaa| ata: bhautika vijJAna kevala aindriya jJAna ke AdhAra para kabhI bhI isako jAnane meM samartha nahIM banegA, aisA jaina darzana ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai : eDiMgTana ke darzana kI vividha dRSTikoNoM ke Aloka meM samIkSA karane kA prayatna hamane kiyaa| vizva ke tattva-maimAsika pahalU kI carcA eka svatantra aura ativistRta viSaya hai| yahAM para to isakI carcA gauNa rUpa meM hI kI gaI hai| isa carcA kA upasaMhAra ina cha: tathyoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. jJAna-maimAsika vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para eDiMgTana ne caitanya tattva kA vastu-sApekSa vAstavika astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina darzana bhI jIvastikAya ko svatantra vAstavika tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| 2. bhautika vijJAna ke dvArA isa vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ko jAnanA manuSya ke lie saMbhava nahIM hai-yaha eDiMgTana kA spaSTa abhiprAya hai| jaina darzana bhI yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki AtmA Adi arUpI dravya sakala jJAna (kevala jJAna) ke viSaya hai; vikala jJAna (mati Adi cAra) ke dvArA ye nahIM jAne jA skte| 3. anubhUti, smRti, kalpanA, saMvedanA Adi caitanya tattva ke hI lakSaNa hai| eDiMgTana ke darzana kI yaha mAnyatA jaina darzana ko bhI mAnya hai| 4. eDiMgTana apane darzana ko vartamAna bhautika vijJAna dvArA AdhArita mAnate haiM; ata: ve usako vaijJAnika darzana' kI saMjJA dete hai, kintu yaha upayukta nahIM lgtaa| vastuta: yaha vicAradhArA unakI vyaktigata rUr3ha mAnyatAoM para AdhArita hai; ata: isako vaijJAnika darzana na mAnakara 'eDiMgTana kA darzana' mAnanA hI adhika upayukta lagatA 5. yadyapi eDiMgTana kA darzana bhautika jagat kA vAstavika astitva svIkAra karatA hai, phira bhI usake svarUpa ke viSaya meM aspaSTa rahA hai| apane darzana ko ve 'sImita jJAtA-sApekSavAda' ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karate haiM; isakA tAtparya yahI lagatA hai ki bhautika padArtha ke astitva ko to ve vastu-sApekSa mAnate hai, kintu varNa, gandha Adi guNoM ko jJAtA-sApekSa mAnate haiN| isa viSaya meM jaina darzana bhinna abhimata rakhatA hai| jaina darzana pudgalAstikAya ko sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa se yukta vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna 6. bhautika padArtha ke carama vAstavika svarUpa ko aba taka bhautika vijJAna nahIM jAna sakA hai| isa prakAra eDiMgTana kA darzana vartamAna bhautika vijJAna ke apUrNa aura sambhavata: galata jJAna para AdhArita hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne pudgala ke carama svarUpa ko atIndriya jJAna dvArA jAna kara apane darzana kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra to pudgala (bhautika tattva) kA carama svarUpa aindriya jJAna kA viSaya nahIM banA sakatA' aura 'isalie 'bhautika vijJAna' ke AdhAra para isakA vAstavika jJAna honA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa dRSTi se eDiMgTana kA yaha abhimata ki 'bhautika vijJAna' ke dvArA sApekSa vAstavikatA ko jAnanA azakya hai, bhI sahI tathya kA hI uccAraNa hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai / jInsa kA darzana aura jaina darzana 20 AdarzavAdI vaijJAnikoM meM eDiMgTana ke bAda pradhAna sthAna sara jemsa jInsa kA hai| jInsa ne apanI vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana mukhyatayA apanI pustaka 'dI misTIsa yunivarsa' meM kiyA hai| jahAM taka bhautika vijJAna ke vicAraka aura prAyogika kSetroM kA prazna hai, jInsa kA sthAna prathama zreNI ke vaijJAnikoM meM rahA hai / uSNatA ke sambandha meM jInsa ne kucha eka maulika siddhAMtoM kA sthApana bhI kiyA hai / kintu jahAM darzana kA prazna hai, vahAM para to jInsa kA darzana bhI eDiMgTana ke darzana kI bhAMti aspaSTa hI rahA hai| unakI kRtiyoM meM sthAna-sthAna para paraspara virodhI kathana aura ulajhanapUrNa cintana najara AtA hai| pro. sTebiMga ne jInsa aura eDiMgTana; donoM kI kaTu AlocanA kI hai| jInsa ke vicAroM kI aspaSTatA kA eka udAharaNa pro. sTebiMga ke zabdoM meM isa prakAra milatA hai- 'vizva zuddha gaNitajJa ke dvArA nirmita huA hai' aura 'vizva zuddha gaNitajJa ke vicAroM se banA huA hai / '; ina do kathanoM ko jInsa samAnArthaka mAnate hai yA nahIM isakA nirNaya karanA sarala nahIM hai / ye do kathana nizcaya hI bhinna-bhinna artha ko sUcita karate haiM, kintu jInsa ko inakI bhinnArthakatA kA jJAna nahIM hai, aisA lagatA hai / prophesara sTebiMga ne isa prakAra ke aneka udAharaNa apanI kRti meM diye haiM, 1. bhagavatI sUtra, 18-8-641 / 2. suvikhyAta vijJAnavid sara DablyU0 sI0 Daimpiyara ne vijJAna ke itihAsa para likhI apanI pustaka meM bhI vaijJAnika paddhati kI isa sImitatA kA spaSTa ullekha karate hue likhA hai- 'jaba hama kisI paramANu kA nirIkSaNa karate haiM to hara hAlata meM hama koI na koI bAharI upakaraNa prayukta karate haiN| yaha upakaraNa kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM paramANu ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura usameM parivartana lA detA hai tathA hama yahI parivartita paramANu dekha pAte haiM, vAstavika paramANu nahIM / ' - vijJAna kA saMkSipta itihAsa ( hindI anuvAda), pR0 299 / 3. philosophI eNDa dI phijisisTsa, pR0 25 /

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darzana aura vijJAna 21 jo jInsa ke darzana kI aspaSTatA aura truTiyoM kA vizada digdarzana karAte hai| kucha eka aspaSTatAeM to hameM bhI sahasA pratIta hotI hai| jaise eka sthAna meM jInsa ne vizva ko Ithara-tattva kI urmi-mAlAoM se banA huA pratipAdita karate hue likhA hai, "yaha vizva jinase banA hai, ve Ithara-tattva aura unakI urmi-mAlAeM pUrNa sambhAvanAoM ke sAtha kAlpanika hI pratIta hotI haiN| kintu kahane kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki unakA koI astitva hI nahIM hai, hAM ve hamAre mastiSka meM astitva rakhatI haiM, anyathA to hama unakI carcA hI nahIM karate aura inake atirikta hamAre mastiSka ke bAhara bhI aisA 'kucha' vidyamAna honA cAhie, jo ki ina vicAroM ko yA anya vicAroM hamAre mastiSka meM utpanna karatA ho| isa 'kucha' ko hama asthAI rUpa se vAstavikatA' kI saMjJA de sakate haiN| isI vAstavikatA kA adhyayana karanA vijJAna kA uddezya hai| aba isa udAharaNa ko samAlocanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAye to jInsa ke cintana kI aspaSTatA spaSTa rUpa se jJAta ho jAtI hai| prathama to jInsa ne Ithara-tattvoM aura unakI urmi-mAlAoM ko pUrNa sambhAvanAoM ke sAtha kAlpanika batAyA hai| isakA tAtparya yahI hotA hai ki inakA koI vAstavika astitva hai hI nahIM aura isalie vizva jo inase banA huA hai bhI kevala kAlpanika hai, kintu ve svayaM hI svIkAra karate haiM ki kAlpanika' kA artha 'astitvahIna' nahIM hai aura isalie ve unako mastiSka meM astitva rakhane vAle batAte haiN| sAtha hI ve yaha bhI anubhava karate haiM ki kucha aisI bhI vastu mastiSka se bAhara (arthAt vastu-sApekSa rUpa se) astitvavAn honI cAhie, jinake nimitta se hama ItharoM kI aura inake taraMgoM kI kalpanA karate haiN| aba yadi isa prakAra kI vastueM vAstavika astitva rakhatI haiM to vizva ko kevala Ithara-taraMgoM ke rUpa meM mAnakara kAlpanika kahanA kisa prakAra saMgata ho sakatA hai? isa prakAra ke anekoM sthala unakI kRtiyoM meM pAye jAte haiM, jinako par3hane se pAThakoM ko yaha patA nahIM cala pAtA ki lekhaka kyA kahanA cAhate haiN| jInsa apane Apa hI kisa prakAra ulajhe hue haiM, isakI spaSTa jhAMkI hameM unake usa kathana se milatI hai, jahAM ve AdarzavAda aura vAstavikatAvAda ke bIca kI bheda-rekhA ko hI spaSTa rUpa se parakhanA kaThina mAnate haiN| vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke astitva ko svIkAra karane para bhI use vAstavikatA kahane meM ve hicakicAte haiM tathA use 'gANitika' kI saMjJA dekara vizva' ko zuddha vicAroM se banA huA batA kara jInsa ne vastuta: kucha bhI spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai, pratyuta ulajhana hI paidA kara dI hai| ve padArthatva ko kevala eka mAnasika vicAra ke rUpa meM batAte haiM aura sAtha 1. dI misTIryasa yunivarsa, pR0 70 / 2. dekheM, dI misTIryasa yunivarsa, pR0 123 /

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22 jaina darzana aura vijJAna hI padArthoM kA astitva vastu-sApekSa mAnakara unake indriyoM para par3ane vAle prabhAva ko hI 'padArthatva' kahate hai| eDiMgTana ke darzana kI apekSA jInsa kA darzana prAcIna pAzcAtya darzanoM se adhika prabhAvita hai| aisA lagatA hai ki jInsa ne apanI darzana meM pluto aura barkale ke darzana ko hI eka nayA rUpa diyA hai| pluto ke darzana kI pramukha mAnyatAeM jInsa ke darzana meM bhI mAnya rahI haiN| jInsa ne pluto kI taraha 'Izvara ko vizva-sraSTA ke rUpa meM citrita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| vizva 'gaNitajJa vicAraka' ke vicAroM se banA huA hai-isa kathana kA tAtparya sambhavata: yahI hai ki jInsa Izvara kI kalpanA eka gaNitajJa ke rUpa meM karate haiM aura vizva ko usakI sRSTi ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karanA cAhate haiN| pluto ke pratyayoM kA siddhAMta' thor3e se bhinna rUpa meM jInsa ke vicAroM meM pratibimbita hotA dikhAI detA hai| padArthoM ke vAstavika tattva ko jAnane kI manuSya kI asamarthatA bhI pluto ke paramArthavAda kA hI dUsarA rUpa pratIta hotA hai| isake sAtha-sAtha barkale ke jJAtA-sApekSavAda kI chAyA jInsa ke darzana meM spaSTa dikhAI detI hai| vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA kA astitva svIkAra kara unheM zAzvata AtmA ke mana meM astitvavAn mAnane kA saMketa' barkale ke jJAtA-sApekSavAda kA samarthana karatA hai| isa prakAra kucha prAcIna pAzcAtya dArzanikoM kI vicAradhArA ko jInsa ne apane darzana meM parokSa rUpa se sthAna diyA hai| kintu Aja taka una dArzanikoM ke vicAroM meM rahe hue doSoM kI vistRta carcAoM se pAzcAtya darzana kA itihAsa bharA par3A hai aura ina dArzanikoM ke khaMDana kA sambhavata: aba taka prativAda bhI nahIM huA hai| pro. sTebiMga ne bhI yahI abhiprAya vyakta karate hue likhA hai-"yadyapi jInsa ne yaha mAnA hai ki jo vyakti bhautika vijJAna ke AdhAra para dArzanika dhAraNAoM kA nirmANa karanA cAhatA hai, usake lie yaha lAbhadAyaka hogA ki vaha darzana kI zikSA pAyA huA na ho athavA darzana ke prati usakI ruci na ho, phira bhI aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne pluto aura barkale ke darzanoM kA acchA adhyayana kiyA hai| parantu spaSTatayA pratIta hotA hai ki inhoMne ina dArzanikoM ke bAre meM kI gaI AlocanAoM kA adhyayana nahIM kiyA hai aura isakA hI yaha pariNAma hai ki ve nahIM jAnate ki unhoMne usI vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, jo atyanta hI gambhIra rUpa se Alocita ho cukI hai-jo adhikatara dArzanikoM ke mata meM to nizcayapUrvaka khaMDita ho cukI hai|' 1. vahI, pR0 124 / 2. vahI, pR0 114, 125 / 3. vahI, pR0 127 / 4. philosophI eNDa dI phijisiSTsa, pR0 265 / x Ihmisiuni mie cu I TV Hun uzu

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darzana aura vijJAna 23 jInsa ke darzana kA spaSTa mantavya kyA hai, yaha jAnanA yadyapi atyanta kaThina hai, phira bhI anumAna ke AdhAra para unakI vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana hama kara sakate hai| yahAM para jaina darzana ke sAtha jInsa ke darzana kI tulanA isI AdhAra para kI gaI hai| 1. jInsa ke darzana meM eka bAta kA spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdana huA hai ki vizva kA koI sraSTA hai aura yaha parama caitanyamaya sattA hI vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA hai| yadyapi 'Izvara' zabda kA sIdhA prayoga jInsa ne nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne 'Izvara-kartRtvavAda' kA hI pratipAdana kiyA hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| jaina darzana 'Izvara-kartRtvavAda' ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isa dRSTi se jInsa ke darzana ke sAtha jaina darzana kA vaiSamya spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI detA hai| vizva kA Izvara dvArA nirmita honA aura Izvara kA eka mahAgaNitajJa ke rUpa meM honA, jInsa ke darzana kA mukhya siddhAnta hai| kintu isako siddha karane ke lie jo tarka jInsa ne diyA hai, vaha sadoSa 2. jInsa ke darzana meM mana ko vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM pratipAdita 'AtmA' aura jInsa kA 'mana' vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se sadRza hI pratIta hote haiN| bhautika padArtha se bhinna aura caitanyazIla hote ke kAraNa jInsa dvArA pratipAdita 'mana' jaina darzana meM pratipAdita Atma-tattva kA hI dUsarA nAma hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| mana ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM jInsa ke darzana meM vizeSa varNana upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, isalie isa viSaya meM adhika tulanA karanA sambhava nahIM 3. bhautika padArtha ke samUha rUpa bAhya vizva ko vastu-sApekSa' vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM to tIna jInsa ne mAnA hai aura vaha isalie ki vaha bhinna-bhinna jJAtA (cetanA) ko samAna rUpa se anubhUta hotA hai, kintu jInsa use vAstavika mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hai| vizva ko vicAra se banA huA athavA gaNitika' kahane kA kAraNa yahI lagatA hai ki vijJAna meM padArtha ke svarUpa ko gANitika saMjJAoM ke dvArA samajhAyA jAtA hai| gaNita kI saMjJAeM 'vicAra' rUpa hone se vizva ko bhI jInsa 'vicAra' rUpa hI batAte haiN| "vizva jina ItharoM se aura unakI urmi-mAlAoM se banA hai, ve saba kAlpanika haiM'' jInsa kA yaha abhiprAya bhI isI tathya ko sUcita karatA hai| yadi jInsa gaNitika zabda kA prayoga kevala isI artha meM karate hoM, taba to vizva ke vastu-sApekSa 1. ina siddhAMtoM kA khaMDana pro0 sTebiMga ne bahuta hI tArkika DhaMga se kiyA hai| yaha carcA ati vistRta hone se yahAM nahIM dI gaI hai| isake lie dekheM, philosophI eNDa dI phijisiSTsa, pRSTha 19-42 /

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24 jaina darzana aura vijJAna astitva kA koI virodha hI nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki vizva kI sabhI prakriyAoM kA hamArA jJAna gaNita se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa use gANitika kahA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hotA hai ki vizva vastuta: hI kAlpanika hai / isa dRSTi se jInsa kA darzana bhI vAstavikatAvAda kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai aura isa rUpa meM jaina darzana ke sAtha bhI isakA sAmya ho jAtA hai / 4. jInsa kA abhiprAya hai ki hama vastu ke mUla tattva ko na jAnate haiM, na jAna sakate haiM hama jo kucha jAnate haiM, vaha to kevala padArthoM kI prakriyAeM haiM aura unakA paraspara kA vyavahAra hai|' isakA tAtparya yahI hotA hai ki 'vizva kyA hai?' isa prazna kA uttara manuSya kadApi nahIM de sakatA hai| manuSya to kevala yahI jAna sakatA hai ki vizva kI prakriyAeM kisa prakAra hotI haiM? isa prakAra jInsa kANTa ke paramArthavAda ( TrAnseNDeNTalijama) kI ora jhukate hue se dikhAI dete haiM / jInsa kA darzana bhI isI apekSA se jaina darzana ke nikaTa kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina darzana bhI yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki aindriya jJAna (mati-zruta) ke dvArA paudgalika jagat ke carama rUpa ko nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| kiMtu jaina darzana yaha kabhI svIkAra nahIM karatA ki hama kadApi aura kisI bhI prakAra se vastu ke mUla svarUpa ko nahIM jAna skte| atIndriya aura sakala jJAna ke mAdhyama se isako bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI jInsa kA yaha abhiprAya to sahI lagatA hai ki hamArA aindriya jJAna aura vijJAna vizva kI prakriyAoM aura vastuoM ke paraspara vyavahAra taka hI sImita raha jAtA hai / 5. 'padArthatva' ke viSaya meM jInsa ne jo vicAra vyakta kiye haiM, ve vastuta: hI atyaMta aspaSTa haiN| eka ora to jInsa padArthatva ko mAnasika kalpanAmAtra kahate haiM aura dUsarI ora usako hI padArthoM kA iMdriyoM ke Upara par3ane vAlA prabhAva batAte haiM / yadi 'padArthatva' padArthoM kA hI prabhAva ho, to binA 'padArthatva' padArtha kaise raha sakate haiM, yaha samajha meM AnA kaThina hai / alpa padArthatva aura adhika padArthatva kI carcA bhI vastuta: hI aspaSTa aura vyartha - sI pratIta hotI hai / jaina darzana meM dravya, dravyatva Adi kI spaSTa paribhASAeM milatI haiM aura 'padArtha' kA vastu- sApekSa astitva anubhava aura tarka ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA gayA hai / padArtho ko kevala mAnasika kalpanA ke rUpa meM mAnanA kisI bhI rUpa meM sambhava nahIM lagatA / isa dRSTi se jaina darzana aura jInsa kA darzana paraspara meM virodhI mantavya upasthita karate haiM / jInsa ke darzana kI samIkSA ke upasaMhAra meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi jInsa apanI vyaktigata rUr3ha vicAradhArAoM se apane darzana ko mukta rakhate aura vAstavika vaijJAnika tathyoM ko hI apane darzana meM sthAna dete, to sambhavataH unakA 1. dI misTIyarsa yunivarsa, pRSTha 128 /

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darzana aura vijJAna darzana jaina darzana ke bahuta samIpa A jaataa| anya AdarzavAdI vaijJAnika aura jaina darzana ___AdarzavAdI vaijJAnikoM meM harmana vAIla kA nAma bhI ulekhanIya hai| vAIla ne apanI dArzanika vicAradhArA kA spaSTa pratipAdana apanI pustaka spesa-TAIma-maiTara meM kiyA hai| yadyapi isa kRti meM gaNita aura bhautika vijJAna ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai aura darzana ko kevala gauNa sthAna hI milA hai, phira bhI spaSTa rUpa se AdarzavAdI vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana hameM dekhane ko milatA hai| vAIla ne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki dArzanika pahalU ke viSaya meM jo kucha bhI kahA gayA hai, vaha aba taka nizcita aura pUrNa nahIM hai| phira bhI AkAza, kAla aura bhautika padArtha kI vAstavikatA ke sambandha meM Adhunika vijJAna ke AdhAra para naye dArzanika dRSTikoNoM kA vivecana karane kA prayatna unhoMne kiyA hai| vaijJAnika jagat meM vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM jo vicAra-vimarza huA hai, usakA eka aitihAsika vihaMgAvalokana karate hue unhoMne likhA hai; "pahale pharAr3e aura maiksavela nAmaka bhautika vaijJAnikoM ne yaha prastAva rakhA thA ki vidyuta cumbakIya kSetra' bhI eka svatantra prakAra kI hI vAstavikatA hai, jo bhautika padArtha se ulTe prakAra kI hai| bAda meM pichalI zatAbdI (19 vIM) meM gaNitajJoM ne bilkula hI bhinna prakAra ke cintana ke AdhAra para yukliDIya bhUmiti kI prAmANikatA ke viSaya meM saMdeha utpanna kara apane yuga meM eka aisa jhaMjhAvAta A gayA hai, jisane AkAza, kAla aura bhautika padArtha rUpa prAkRtika vijJAna ke dRr3hatama stambhoM ko ukhAr3a diyA hai, para kevala isalie ki adhika vistRta prakAra ke dravyoM ke vicAra ke sthAna mile tathA daSTi aura adhika gahana bane / ''3 isa uddharaNa se yaha tAtparya nikalatA hai ki vaijJAnika tattvamImAMsA jo pahale bhautikavAda ko pratipAdita karatI thIM, dhIre-dhIre AdarzavAda kI ora A rahI hai aura kisI abhautika tattva ko hI eka mAtra vAstavikatA mAnane ke prati jhuka rahI hai| vAIla kI vicAradhArA meM spaSTa rUpa se caitanya ko vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAryoM ko karane vAlI aura bhogane vAlI eka AdhyAtmika vAstavikatA (sAikikala riyaliTI) hai, jo ki zarIra ke sAtha jur3I huI hai aura ye donoM mila kara eka vyakti 'maiM' banatA hai|..........caitny apanI AntarikatA ko 1. vAIla svayaM apanI pustaka kI Adi meM likhate haiM, 'hama yahAM para ina praznoM ke gANitika aura vaijJAnika pahaluoM se adhika sambandhita rheNge| dArzanika pahalU kI carcA to maiM kevala kahIM-kahIM para kruuNgaa|' dekheM, spesa-TAIma-maiTara, pR0 2 / 2. vahI, pR0 2 / 3. vahI, pR0 2 /

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26 jaina darzana aura vijJAna khoye binA hI vAstavikatA kA eka khaNDa banatA hai, isa vyakti 'maiM' ke rUpa meM AtA hai jo janmA thA aura mara jaayegaa| vAIla kA yaha abhimata vyaktigata caitanya ko spaSTa rUpa se vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM batAtA hai| bhautika padArtha ke viSaya meM vAIla kA dRSTikoNa jJAtA-sApekSavAda kI ora jhukA huA dikhAI detA hai| yadyapi ve svayaM svIkAra karate haiM-"mere kahane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki vaha vicAradhArA, jo vizva kI ghaTanAoM ko kevala ahaM dvArA janita caitanya ke nATaka ke rUpa meM batAtI hai, sarala vAstavikatAvAda kI vicAradhArA se adhika satya hai| pratyuta yaha spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai ki yadi hama vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM spaSTa dhAraNA tathA usake nirapekSa tAtparya ko samajhanA cAhate haiM, to caitanya ke viSaya-rUpa padArtha hI vaha Adi bindu hai, jahAM se hameM prArambha karanA hogaa|'2 kintu thor3A-sA hI Age cala kara ve bhautika padArtha kI vAstavikatA ko galata batAne kA prayatna karate haiM-satya ke siddhAMta kA dArzanika parIkSaNa hameM isI niSkarSa para pahuMcAyegA ki jina anubhavoM ke AdhAra para hama vAstavikatA ko pakar3ate haiM, una anubhavoM ko karAne vAle viSaya-grahaNa, smRti Adi kAryoM meM eka bhI kArya aisA nahIM hai, jo hameM jJeya padArthoM ko astitvavAn batAne kA tathA unako gRhIta (jJAna) rUpa ke sadRza racanA vAle batAte kA nirNayAtmaka adhikAra de|''3 isa prakAra bhautika padArthoM ke vAstavika astitva ko tathA unake guNoM kI vastu-sApekSatA ko bhI saMdigdha batAyA gayA hai| vAIla dvArA kI gaI varNa kI vyAkhyA meM to spaSTa rUpa se jJAtA-sApekSavAda kA nirUpaNa milatA hai : "yaha saralatayA dekhA jA sakatA hai ki hare' nAmaka guNa kA astitva kevala 'hare' kI saMvedanA aura indriyoM ke dvArA gRhIta padArtha ke bIca ke sambandha ke rUpa meM hI hai; kintu usako apane Apa meM koI vastu mAna kara apane Apa meM astitvavAna padArthoM ke sAtha sambandhita mAnanA nirarthaka hai|.........is (Adhunika bhautika vijJAna kI gANitika paddhati) ke anusAra to 'varNa' vastuta: Ithara kA spandana hI hai arthAt gati hai..... (ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke bAda to) varNa' Ithara-spandana nahIM apitu kevala una gANitika phalanoM ke mUlyoM kI zreNiyAM haiM, jinameM AkAza kI tIna vimiti aura kAla kI eka vimiti se sambandhita cAra svatantra parAmitara hai| yahAM para vAIla Adhunika vijJAna kI pAribhASika gANitika zabdAvalI meM varNoM ko kevala gANitika saMjJA ke rUpa meM batAkara usakI vastu-sApekSatA kA sarvathA 1. vahI, pR0 6 / 2. vahI, pR0 5 / 3. vahI, pR0 5 / 4. spesa-TAIma-maiTara, pR0 3-4 /

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darzana aura vijJAna 27 niSedha karate haiN| isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA hai ki vAIla bhI eDiMgTana aura jInsa kI taraha yaha mAnate haiM ki Adhunika vijJAna ke pratipAdanoM ke AdhAra para bhautika padArthoM ke guNoM kI jJAta-sApekSatA siddha ho cukI hai| vAIla kI vicAradhArA ke isa saMkSipta vivecana se yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai ki yadyapi ve vAstavikatAvAda kA spaSTa rUpa se niSedha nahIM karate haiM, phira bhI jJAtA-sApekSavAda kA hI pakSa grahaNa karate haiN| unakI dArzanika vicAradhArA eDiMgTana aura jInsa kI taraha vyavasthita nahIM hai| sAtha-sAtha yahAM para bhI hameM vicAroM kI ulajhana aura aspaSTatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| jaina darzana ke sAtha unake vicAroM kI tulanA meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahAM 'AtmA' nAmaka eka cetanazIla vAstavikatA ke astitva kA prazna hai, vahAM ina donoM ke dRSTi-koNa sadRza haiM; kintu bhautika padArtha ke astitva aura usake guNoM kI vastu-niSThatA ke viSaya meM vAIla kA mantavya niSedhAtmaka hai, jabaki jaina darzana kA mantavya vidhyAtmaka hai| vAIla kI vicAradhArA eDiMgTana aura jInsa ke dRSTikoNa ke sAtha adhikAMza rUpa meM sadRza hai; ata: vAIla ke vicAroM kI vistRta samAlocanA karanA pUrva vivecana kA kevala piSTa peSaNa hI hogaa| isa dRSTi se itanA hI paryApta mAna kara hama anya vaijJAnikoM ke vicAroM kI carcA kreNge| anya vaijJAnikoM meM AinsTIna. anrTa mAkha. poinakera Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| yadyapi AinsTIna ko pro. mArgenau ne samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAdI kahA hai, phira bhI jahAM taka bhautika padArthoM ke guNoM kA saMbaMdha hai, AiMsTIna kI mAnyatA jJAtA-sApekSavAda kI hI pratIta hotI hai| liMkana bAraneTa ne AiMsTIna ke vicAroM ko uddhRta karane hue likhA hai-"AiMsTIna ke anusAra raMga, rUpa aura AkAra kI dhAraNAeM cetanA se pRthaka nahIM haiN| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AinsTIna bhI bhautika padArthoM ko jJAtA-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM mAnate the| aTa mAkha ne bhI bhautika padArthoM kI vAstavikatA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| bhautika padArtha ke viSaya meM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai-"aNu indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiye jA sakate, anya sabhI dravyoM kI taraha ve bhI kevala vicAragata vastueM hI haiM ...........aura eka prakAra kI gANitika anukRti (mADela) hai jo tathyoM kA mAnasika punarAvartana karane meM sahAyaka banatI hai|''3 mAkha ne san 1915 meM bhI yaha kahA thA ki maiM 'aNu kA astitva' aura aise rUr3higata siddhAMta ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| 1. dI necara oNpha phijikala riyaliTI, pR0 12 / 2. dI yunivarsa eNDa DaoN0 AinsaTIna, pR0 21 / 3. sAInsa oNpha mekeniksa, pR0 590 / 4 vahI pa0 26. tathA dekheM dI necara oNpha meTAphijiksa p067|

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28 jaina darzana aura vijJAna mAkha kA yaha siddhAMta thA ki saMvedana-tattva ke atirikta kucha bhI vAstavikatA nahIM hai| mAkha ke aNu ke astitva-sambandhI ye vicAra batAte haiM ki ve padArtha kI vAstavikatA kA niSedha karate haiN| ina sabhI vaijJAnikoM kA jhukAva jJAtA-sApekSavAda kI ora dikhAI detA haiM jo vaijJAnika bhautikavAda kI vicAradhArA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, adhikAMza rUpa meM ve isa prakAra ke AdarzavAda ko apanAte dekhe jAte haiN| ve AtmA athavA aisI hI koI abhautika tattva kI, jo caitanyamaya hone se bhautika padArthoM se ulTe prakAra ke hote haiM, 'vAstavikatA' siddha karane ke lie bhautika padArtha ko avAstavika batote haiN| jaina darzana kI vicAradhArA 'AtmA' ke vAstavikatA astitva ko svIkAra karatI huI bhI bhautika padArtha ko avAstavika nahIM maantii| isa prakAra ukta vaijJAnikoM kI vicAradharA aura jaina darzana ke tAttvika siddhAMta meM AtmA ke vAstavika astitva ke viSaya meM jahAM pUrNa sAdRzya haiM, vahAM bhautika padArtha kI vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM matabheda raha jAtA hai| (kha) vAstavikatAvAda aura jaina darzana 'vizva kyA hai?' isa prazna kA uttara vAstavikatAvAdI dArzanika aura vaijJAnika kisa rUpa meM dete haiM, isakA avalokana hama kara cuke haiN| yahAM para unameM se kucha pramukha dArzanikoM kI aura vaijJAnikoM kI vicAradhArA kI jaina darzana ke Aloka meM eka tulanAtmaka samIkSA karane kA hama prayatna kreNge| vAstavikatAdI vicAradhArA ko hama mukhya rUpa se do bhedoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| 1. bhautikavAda- isa vicAradhArA ke anusAra vizva ke sabhI padArthoM kA astitva sva-AdhArita hai| isameM kevala eka hI vAstavikatA hai, eka hI tattva hai, jise 'bhUta' (jar3a) kahA jAtA hai| isake atirikta kisI bhI abhautika tattva ke vAstavikatA astitva ko yaha vicAradhArA svIkAra nahIM krtii| 'vizva kyA hai?' isa prazna kA uttara bhautikavAda ke anusAra hai-vizva bhUtamaya hai|| 2. aneka tattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda-isa vicAradhArA ke anusAra vizva meM do athavA do se adhika tattvoM kA vAstavika astitva hai| bhautika padArthoM ke vastu-sApekSa astitva ko to yaha vicAradhArA svIkAra karatI hai, kintu isake sAtha abhautika tattvoM ko bhI vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| isa abhautika vAstavikatA kI saMkhyA aura svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabheda hone ke phalasvarUpa isa vicAradhArA ke aneka upabheda bana jAte haiN| bhautikavAda aura jaina darzana pazcima darzana jagata meM bhautikavAda ke yUnAnI vicAraka thelsa (Thales) 1. dI necara oNpha meTAphijiksa, pR0 67 /

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darzana aura vijJAna (I. pU. 624-I. pU. 550) se prArambha hokara Adhunika yuga meM kArla mArksa kI vicAradhArA taka vividha rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| yahAM para hama isake aitihAsika vivecana aura sUkSma bhedopabheda meM na jAkara kevala isake sthUla rUpa kI hI samIkSA kreNge| jaina darzana aura bhautikavAda meM bhautika padArthoM kI vastu-sApekSatA ke viSaya meM jo sAdRzya hai, vaha to spaSTa hI hai| bhautikavAda ke anusAra bhUta tattva kI paribhASA hai, "jo kucha hama apanI indriyoM se dekhate-samajhate (indriya-gocara) haiM, jo kucha indriya-gocara vastuoM kA mUla svarUpa hai, jo deza (lambAI, caur3AI, moTAI) meM phailA huA hai, jo kama yA adhika mAtrA meM dabAva kI rokathAma karatA hai, jinameM indriyoM ke jAnane lAyaka gati pAI jAtI hai, vaha 'bhUta' hai|" lenina ke zabdoM meM 'bhUta' kI dArzanika paribhASA hai-"bhUta dArzanika paribhASA meM usa sAkAra vAstavikatA ko kahate haiM, jisakA jJAna manuSya ko usakI indriyoM dvArA milatA hai| vaha aisI vAstavikatA hai, jisakI nakala kI jA sakatI hai, jisakA phoTo khIMcA jA sakatA hai| jo hamArI saMvedanAoM (viSaya-indriya-mastiSka samparka) dvArA mastiSka meM pratibimbita kI jA sakatI hai, kintu usakI sattA ina (saMvedanAoM) para nirbhara nahIM hai|''2 dUsarI ora jaina darzana meM pudgala kI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai-"sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa; ina guNoM se yukta dravya pudgala (arthAt bhUta) hai|''3 ina donoM paribhASAoM ke sUkSma antaroM ko chor3a diyA jAe, to kahA jA sakatA hai ki donoM hI paribhASAoM kA tAtparya eka hI hai| yadyapi jaina darzana pudgala kI carama ikAI ko indriya-gocara nahIM mAnatA, phira bhI pudgala ke mUrtattva guNa ko to svIkAra karatA hI hai| isa prakAra jahAM taka bhautika padArthoM kI vAstavikatA kA prazna hai, jaina darzana aura bhautikavAda donoM hI inakI vastu-sApekSa sattA ko svIkAra karate hai| jaina darzana aura bhautikavAda meM jo sabase bar3A antara hai, vaha hai-mUla vAstavikatAoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meN| bhautikavAdI jahAM kevala bhUta tattva ko hI eka mAtra vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM, vahAM jaina darzana pudgala ke atirikta jIva Adi anya astikAyoM ko bhI vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| yadyapi prAcIna 'dArzanika bhautikavAda' aura Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ke bhautikavAda meM yaha antara to hai ki jahAM prAcIna bhautikavAdI cetana athavA AtmA ko sarvathA hI jar3a (bhUta) tattva se abhinna mAnate the, vahAM Adhunika bhautikavAdI vaijJAnika mArksa ke 'dvandvAtmaka 1. dI meTeriyalijama eNDa empIriyo kriTisijama, pR0 102 / 2. vaijJAnika bhautikavAda, le0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR0 111 / 3. sparzarasagandhavarNavAn pudglH|| -zrI jaina siddhAMta dIpikA, 1-11 / 4. pAzcAtya dArzanikoM meM DemokriTasa kI yaha mAnyatA thI ki bhautika paramANuoM se hI 'AtmA' __ kA nirmANa hotA hai| AtmA kI utpatti atyanta hI cikane, gatizIla aura gola paramANuoM se hotI hai|

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30 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bhautikavAdI' ke AdhAra para jIvana ora mana ko jar3a bhautika tattva se sarvathA abhinna nahIM maante| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke anusAra-"vaijJAnika bhautikavAdiyoM kI mUla IMTeM paramANu nahIM; kaNa, taraMga, viccheda-yukta ghaTanA-pravAha hai, jinake khamIra meM bhI kSaNa-kSaNa nAza utpAda kA niyama milA huA hai| yaha saca hai ki jIvana yA mana (AtmA)jisase paidA huA hai, vaha bhUta (bhautika tattva) hI hai, kintu mana bhUta hargija nahIM hai| kisI taraha se bhI nahIM hai, cAhe usake antastala meM ghusa kara dekha leN| yaha bilakula guNAtmaka parivartana pUrva (bhUta) pravAha se TUTa kara nayA pravAha hai|'2 isase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki bhautikavAdI vaijJAnika cetana ko bhUta se bhinna to mAnate haiM aura usakI vAstavikatA kA bhI niSedha nahIM karate, parantu cetana kI sattA ko carama vAstatikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krte| balki usako bhUta ke guNAtmaka parivartana dvArA hI udbhUta mAnate hai; ata: inake mata meM vizva ke mUla meM to eka mAtra bhUta hI carama vAstavikatA he| vaijJAnikoM ke bhautikavAda ke samarthana meM yaha eka yukti dI jAtI hai ki zakti kI anazvaratA kA niyama (lA oNpha konjaravezana oNpha ainarjI) vijJAna kA pratiSThita niyama hai| isa niyama ke anusAra vizva kI kula zakti samAna rahatI hai; na ghaTatI hai aura na bar3hatI hai, lekina rUpAntarita hotI hai| yadi jIva aura caitanya ko hama abhautika mAna lete haiM, to usa niyama kA ullaMghana hotA hai| vijJAna ne siddha kiyA hai ki zarIra bhautika tattvoM se banA hai, isalie bhautika hai| jIvana aura caitanya kA adhiSThAna vahI hai| hama dekhate haiM ki bhautika padArthoM (jaise-anna, jala, garmI Adi) se jIvana-zakti bar3hatI hai| aba, yadi jIvana-zakti bhautika zakti se bhinna hai, to usakA artha hogA ki bar3hI huI jIvana-zakti ke rUpa meM naI zakti kI utpatti huI hai, kyoMki abhautika hone se use bhautika zakti (anna, jala, Adi se prApta zakti) kA rUpAntara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hama yaha bhI dekhate hai ki mAnasika icchAoM ke kAraNa zarIra ke aMgoM kA saMcAlana hotA hai| yahAM bhI mana yA caitanya ko abhautika mAnane kA artha hogA ki zArIrika kriyAoM ke rUpa meM vyakta abhautika zakti mana kI icchAoM kI abhautika zakti se utpanna naI zakti hai; kyoMki bhautika hone ke kAraNa use abhautika zakti kA rUpAntara nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa prakAra jIva aura caitanya ko abhautika mAnane kA niSkarSa hotA hai-naI zakti kI utptti| kintu aisA hone se vizva kI kula zakti meM vRddhi ho jAyegI, jo ki uparyukta niyama ke viruddha hai| cUMki vaha niyama satya hai usakA virodhI niSkarSa satya nahIM ho sakatA; ata: jIva aura caitanya ko abhautika nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| bhautikavAdiyoM kI isa tarka kA nirAkaraNa jaina 1. dekheM, vaijJAnika bhautikavAda, le0 rAhula sAMskRtAyana, (prathama saMskaraNa), pR0 58-60 / 2. vahI, pR0 59 / 3. dekheM, darzanazAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 74 /

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darzana aura vijJAna darzana ke AdhAra para sahajatayA ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana ke tathyoM kA vivecana hama kara cuke haiM; unameM se ina tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA : 1. paMcAstikAya rUpa vizva kA pratyeka astikAya 'astitva' kI dRSTi se eka-dUsare se svataMtra hai; ata: jIva aura pudgala kA astitva bhI paraspara svatantra hai| 2. sat (vAstavikatA) kI paribhASA meM hI pratyeka astikAya kI 'anazvaratA' (Conservation) kA niyama nihita hai| paryAyatva kI apekSA se sat utpanna aura naSTa hotA rahatA hai, phira bhI dravayatva kI apekSA se to sadA dhruva hI rahatA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki paryAya (avasthA) ke satata pravAha meM prati samaya parivartana pAtA huA bhI pudgala dravya sadA hI pudgala rahatA hai aura jIva sadA jIva rahatA hai, na pudgala kabhI jIva ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai aura na jIva kabhI pudgala ke rUpa meN| 3. pudgala dravya meM sabhI bhautika padArthoM kA aura bhautika zaktiyoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ata: pudgala dravya kI anazvaratA ke niyama meM bhautika padArthoM aura bhautika zaktiyoM ke paraspara rUpAntaraNa kA niSedha nahIM hai| aba padArtha aura zakti kI surakSA kA niyama vaijJAnika jagat meM saMyukta rUpa dhAraNa kara cukA hai| aura isake anusAra vizva ke sabhI prakAra ke bhautika padArtha aura bhautika zakti kI tulA-rAzi sadA acala rahatI hai| yaha niyama kevala bhUta tattva para hI lAgU hotA hai| jaina darzana AtmA ko pudgala se bhinna mAnatA hai; ata: jaina darzana meM AtmA kI anazvaratA aura pudgala kI anazvaratA ke do niyama bana gaye haiN| prathama niyama ke anusAra pudgala-tattva, cAhe vaha bhautika zakti ke rUpa meM, dravya kI apekSA se akSaya aura dhruva rahatA hai| dUsare niyama ke anusAra jIva tattva dravya kI apekSA se zAzvata aura acala rahatA hai| ina do pRthaka niyamoM ke AdhAra para Upara diye gaye tarka kA sahajatayA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| zarIra-sambandhI samasta kriyAeM paudgalika haiM, ata: anna, jala, garmI Adi jisa zakti kA utpAdana karate haiM, vaha bhI paulika hI hai| Upara diye gaye tarka meM jisa jIvana-zakti ko bhautika zakti se bhinna kahA gayA hai| vaha vastuta: bhinna nahIM hai, balki bhautika (paudgalika) hI hai; kyoMki annAdi kI pariNati rasa, rakta, vIrya, Adi meM hotI hai, jo sAre paudgalika haiM aura inake hI rUpAntara ko Upara jIvana zakti' kahA gayA hai| usI prakAra mana yA caitanya se zArIrika kriyAoM kI utpatti mAnanA bhI galata hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra karma-pudgaloM se AvRta aura saMzaliSTa AtmA to paudgalika kriyAoM kA kevala preraka banatA hai| zArIrika kriyAoM meM jo zakti vyakta hotI hai, vaha koI AtmA se utpanna nahIM hotI hai, balki yaha to 1. utpAdvyadhrauvyamuktaM st| -zrI jaina siddhAnta dIpikA, 9-31 /

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32 jaina darzana aura vijJAna paudgalika padArtha aura paudgalika zaktiyoM kA hI rUpAntaraNa hotA hai / isalie caitanya (AtmA) ko abhautika mAnane para 'anazvaratA' kA niyama jarA bhI khaMDi nahIM hotA / dUsare prakAra se bhI ukta kA khaMDana kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaise- "yaha tarka tabhI prakAra tabhI kAragara ho sakatA hai, jabaki pahale yaha mAna liyA jAye ki jIva (cetana) tathA jar3a sabakI vyAkhyA bhautika rAsAyanika niyamoM dvArA ho sakatI hai / kyoMki zakti kI anazvaratA kA niyama bhautika rAsAyanika niyama hI hai / ' kintu yaha mAna lenA to bhautikavAda ko hI mAna lenA hai / ataeva yaha tarka bhautikavAda ko pramANita karane ke pahale hI use mAna letA hai, jo ki ucita nahIM hai / kucha pramukha vaijJAnikoM kA mata hai ki ukta niyama bhautika rAsAyanika jagat ke lie hI hai, jIva yA cetana-jagata ke lie nahIM / usa hAlata meM to nissandeha hI vaha bhautikavAda kI puSTi nahIM kara sktaa| isa prakAra bhautikavAda ke samarthana meM diye jAne vAle ukta tarka kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai 1 dvandvAtmaka bhautika cetana kI sattA ko inkAra to nahIM karatA, kintu cetanA ko bhUta ke guNAtmaka parivartana se udbhUta mAnatA hai / dvaMdvAtmaka bhautikavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki pRthvI kI Ayu 20,000 lAkha varSa kI hai, jabaki mana (AtmA) kI Ayu 500 lAkha varSa se purAnI nahIM hai / arthAt vizva meM pahale kevala bhUta hI thA aura 500 lAkha pUrva usa bhUta ke guNAtmaka parivartana se cetana kI utapatti huI / Adhunika vijJAna, jaina darzana aura sAmAnya tarka ke Aloka meM yadi hama isa mAnyatA para vicAra kareMge, to sahasA hI isakI nirmUlatA kA patA cala sakatA hai| Adhunika vijJAna na to vizva ko kevala pRthvI taka hI sImita mAnatA hai aura na jIvana ko bhI / pRthvI ke atirikta anya AkAzIya piNDoM para bhI jIva ke astitva kI saMbhAvanA kI jA rahI hai| aura bhAvI antarikSa yAtrAeM sambhavata: isake puSTa pramANa upasthita kara sakeMgI, aisI AzA kI jAtI hai| pRthvI para bhI jIvana kaba astitva meM AyA, yaha aba taka nizcita nahIM ho pAyA hai bhUta ke guNAtmaka parivartana se jIva kI utpatti 'kyoM aura kaise hotI' isakA koI uttara vaijJAnika 1. dekheM, ena inTroDakzana TU philosophI, le0 DablyU jerUsalema, pR0 147 / 2. darzana zAstra kI rUparekhA, lekhaka rAjendraprasAda, pR0 78-79 bhautikavAda kI samarthaka tarke aura usake nirAkaraNa ke lie dekheM, vahI, pR0 72-79 / 3. vaijJAnika bhautikavAda, (prathama saMskaraNa) pR0 36 / 4. koroneTa, khaNDa 26, aMka 5 pR0 30 //

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darzana aura vijJAna AdhAroM para nahIM diyA jA sktaa| ata: yadi yaha mAna bhI liyA jAye ki pRthvI para 'jIvana' kA prArambha pRthvI ke utpatti ke bahuta samaya bAda huA, to bhI 'bhUta' ke guNAtmaka parivartana se hI cetana' kI utpatti huI, aisA bhI kisI vaijJAnika AdhAra para nahIM kahA jA sakatA; yaha to kevala AnumAnika kalpanA hI hai| sAmAnya anubhava ke AdhAra para bhI ukta mAnyatA kI asiddhi saralatayA ho sakatI hai| sAmAnya anubhava hameM yaha batalAtA hai ki jIva aura bhUta; ina donoM tattvoM meM guNoM kI maulika bhinnatA hai| AtmA ke caitanya-guNa kA bhUta meM sarvathA abhAva hai| jisa padArtha meM jisa guNa kA sarvathA abhAva ho, vaha guNa kisI bhI prakAra ke parivartana dvArA prakaTa nahIM ho sktaa| tarka zAstra meM utpAdana kI yaha maryAdA sarvamAnya hai; ata: guNAtmaka parivartana kA ukta prakAra kA siddhAMta hI galata ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta hama yaha bhI anubhava karate hai ki jaba Aja bhI jIvana kI utpatti bhUta-padArtha se honI zakya nahIM hai, to atIta meM aisA huA ho, yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina darzana ke Aloka meM yadi ukta mAnyatA kA avalokana kiyA jAye, jo sahasA usakI nirarthakatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| jaina darzana batalAtA hai ki AtmA aura pudgala; ye donoM tattva sadA se isa vizva meM the aura sadA rheNge| donoM ke astitva ko anAdikAlIna mAne binA vizva-Ayu' sabaMdhita aneka pradezoM kA samAdhAna nahIM mila sktaa| aba yadi vikAsavAdiyoM dvArA kathita pRthvI kI jIvana-vikAsa kI kahAnI ko satya mAnA bhI jAye, to bhI yaha mAnanA jarUrI nahIM hai ki 'bhUta' hI svayaM parivartita hokara cetana kA rUpa dhAraNa kara vikasita ho rahA hai| jaina darzana ke kAla-cakra kA siddhAMta yaha to nirUpaNa karatA hI hai ki vikAsa aura hAsa kA krama vizva ke kucha kSetroM meM calatA rahatA hai| 'pRthvI' ke AdikAla meM paudgalika paristhitiyoM kI pratikUlatA ke kAraNa jIvoM ke utpanna hone ke yogya yoniyoM ke abhAva meM yahAM jIvana kA abhAva ho, yaha sambhava hai| bAda meM jaise-jaise jIvanAnukUla sthiti banI aura jIvoM ke utpanna hone ke yogya yoniyoM kA prAdurbhAva huA, to jIva' unameM Akara janma lene lge| aisI hI sambhavata: jIvana-vikAsa kA krama banA ho| isa prakAra bhUta ke guNAtmaka parivartana se cetana kI utpatti ko mAnane kI apekSA jIva aura bhUta ko pRthaka-pRthaka sattA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA hI tarkasaMgata hai| isa carcA ke niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhautikavAda, cAhe vaha prAcIna rUpa meM ho yA navIna rUpa meM, vizva kyA hai?' kA jo uttara prastuta karatA hai, 1. draSTavya, darzanazAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 78 /

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34 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vaha nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| kevala bhUta ko carama vAstavikatA mAna lene se vizva kyA hai' kI prahelikA sulajha nahIM sktii| baTTaiNDa rasala kA darzana aura jaina darzana vizva kI carama vAstavikatA eka nahIM, apitu aneka haiM; yaha aneka tattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda hai| dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM yadi koI vicAra-dhArA jaina darzana ke adhika nikaTa ho, to vaha aneka tattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda kI hai| isa vicAradhArA meM bhI tattvoM ke svarUpa, saMkhyA Adi ko lekara aneka abhiprAya prastuta hue hai| dvaitavAda vizva meM do tattva kI sattA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| anubhayavAda jar3a aura cetana ke atirikta tIsare hI prakAra ke tattvoM ko vizva kI vAstavikatA mAnatA hai| Adhunika dArzanikoM meM baTTaiNDa rasala kI vicAradhArA meM 'aneka tattvAtmaka vAstavikavAda' kA pratipAdana huA hai| ve bhautika padArthoM ke astitva ko anubhUti para AdhArita nahIM maante| rasala ne sabhI prakAra kI AdarzavAdI aura jJAtA-sApekSavAdI vicAradhArAoM kA tArkika DhaMga se khaNDana kiyA hai| barkale ke anubhavavAda aura pluto ke 'pratyayoM ke siddhAMta' kI bhI unhoMne tarkapUrNa rIti se dhajjiyAM ur3AI haiN| jJAna-maimAsika vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se rasala ne eka naye prakAra ke vAstavikatAvAda ko janma diyA hai| isameM spaSTa rUpa se mAnA gayA hai ki jJeya padArthoM kA astitva jJAtA se sarvathA svataMtra hai| jaina-darzana bhI isa siddhAMta ko svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra padArthoM ke vastu-sApekSa astitva ko donoM darzanoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA barTeNDa rasala jahAM padArthoM ke vAstavika astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM, vahAM caitanya ke astitva ko bhI svIkAra karate hai; ata: bhautikavAda ke bhI ve virodhI haiN| yahAM taka to unakA jaina darzana ke sAtha sAmaMjasya rahatA hai| kintu isase Age ve mAnate haiM ki vizva kI vAstavikatA 'anubhaya' arthAt jar3a aura cetana se pare tIsare prakAra ke tattva haiM, jinako ve ghaTanAeM (IvaNTsa) kahate hai| isa prakAra unake anusAra vizva ke sabhI padArtha ghaTanAoM ke samUha haiN| ghaTanAeM apane Apa meM jar3a aura cetana donoM se bhinna haiM aura AkAza kAla ke sImita pradeza meM sthita hai| ina ghaTanAoM ko ve svabhAvata: gatyAtmaka (DAinemika) mAnate haiM tathA eka-dUsare se saMbaMdhita bhii| 'ghaTanA' ke artha ko spaSTa karane ke lie unhoMne likhA hai-"jaba maiM 'ghaTanA' ke viSaya 1. ena AuTalAina oNpha philosophI, pR0 287 /

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35 darzana aura vijJAna meM kaha rahA hUM, to merA tAtparya kisI anubhavAtIta vastu se nahIM hai| bijalI kI camaka ko dekhanA eka ghaTanA hai; moTara ke TAyara ko phaTate sanunA athavA sar3e aNDe kA saMghanA yA kisI meMr3haka ke zarIra kI zItatA kA anubhava karanA............. Adi 'ghaTanAeM' haiN|''1 ina ghaTanAoM ke sambandha paraspara bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke hote haiM, jinake kAraNa koI samUha 'jar3a' kahalAtA hai aura koI 'cetn|' isa prakAra jar3a padArthoM kI ghaTanAoM ke pArasparika saMbaMdha cetana padArthoM kI ghaTanAoM ke saMbaMdho se bhinna haiM, yadyapi donoM meM vidyamAna ghaTanAoM kA svarUpa eka hI hai| jaina darzana ke dravya-guNa-paryAyavAda ke sAtha yadi rasala ke isa 'ghaTanA' siddhAMta kI tulanA kI jAe, to inake bIca rahe hue sAdRzya-vaisadRzya kA patA laga sakatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka dravya guNa aura paryAya kA Azraya hai| pratikSaNa pratyeka dravya meM jo parivartana hotA hai, use paryAya kahA gayA hai| jIva aura pudgala dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya, AkAza evaM kAla; sabhI dravyoM meM pratikSaNa yaha paryAya kA krama calatA rahatA hai| jisako rasala 'ghaTanA' kahate haiM, vaha saMbhavata: 'paryAya' kA dyotaka hai| rasala padArthoM ko ghaTanAoM ke samUha rUpa mAnate hai; jaina darzana 'paryAya-pravAha' ke AdhAra ko dravya mAnatA hai| rasala kI 'ghaTanAeM' gatyAtmaka haiM aura eka-dUsare se saMbaMdhita haiM, to jaina darzana bhI paryAyoM ko sadA gatimAna aura eka-dUsare se saMbaMdhita mAnatA hai| ghaTanAeM aura paryAya donoM hamAre anubhava se pare nahIM haiN| rasala jahAM ghaTanAoM ke vividha sambandhoM se jar3a aura cetana se vibhAjita karate haiM aura jar3a padArthoM kI ghaTanAoM ke pArasparika saMbaMdho ko cetana padArthoM kI ghaTanAoM ke saMbaMdha se bhinna mAnate haiM, vahAM jaina darzana bhI pudgala aura jIva kI paryAyoM ko bhinna-bhinna mAnatA hai| antara kevala itanA hI hai ki rasala pratyeka ghaTanA ko eka svataMtra tattva 'anubhaya' mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina darzana paryAya ko eka svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krtaa| yathArthatA kI dRSTi se dekhane para rasala kA yaha anubhayavAda bhI antata: to dvaitavAda meM hI pariNata ho jAtA hai; kyoMki jahAM pArasparika sambandhoM se ve ghaTanAoM ko do prakAroM meM vibhAjita karate haiM, vahAM maulika tattva ghaTanAeM na raha kara jar3a aura cetana hI bana jAte haiN| 1. vahI, pR0 287 / 2. darzana zAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 131 / 3. guNaparyAyAzrayo drvym| -zrI jaina siddhAnta dIpikA pR0 1-3 / garaparityAgAdAnaM paryAya: / . -vahI, pR0 1-44 !

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna jar3a-cetana kI utpatti ke lie uttaradAyI sambandhoM kI parIkSA karate hue DA. Dablyu. TI. sTesa ( W. T. Stace) isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki ye saMbaMdha anubhayavAda ko vastutaH dvaitavAda banA DAlate haiN| ve kahate haiM- "yadi jar3a aura cetana kA antara unake tattvoM ke saMbaMdhoM kA antara hai, to isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki cetana padArtha ke tattvoM meM jo saMbaMdha hai, vaha bhautika padArtha ke sambandha se bilakula bhinna hai, arthAt vaha bhautika nahIM hai / yaha bhI nizcita hai ki yaha anubhaya nahIM hai, to avazya hI mAnasika yA cetana hogA / anubhaya nahIM hone kA matalaba hai ki jar3a aura cetana; donoM se bhinna nahIM hai, arthAt bhautika yA mAnasika hai| yaha bhI mAlUma hai ki bhautika nahIM hai; isalie avazya hI mAnasika hogaa| isI taraha yaha dikhAyA jA sakatA hai ki bhautika padArthoM ke tattvoM meM vidyamAna sambandha bhautika haiM / ataeva anubhaya tattvoM se cetana padArtha ko utpanna karane vAle saMbaMdha sirpha cetana haiM aura bhautika padArtha ko utpanna karane vAle sirpha bhautika / isakA matalaba hai ki jar3a aura cetana kI bhinnatA maulika yA AdhArika hai| kintu aisA hone se unakA vAstavika dvaita siddha ho jAtA hai / isa dvaita kA parihAra nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki yaha dvaita sambandhoM kA hai aura sambandha hI jar3a ko jar3a aura cetana ko cetana banAne vAle haiN| "2 isa prakAra, yadyapi rasala ne ghaTanAoM ko anubhaya tattvoM ke rUpa meM batAyA hai, para vastutaH to unake mUla meM jar3a yA cetana koI-na-koI hotA hai / 36 yaha to jaina darzana bhI mAnatA hai ki jitane bhI cetana tattva haiM aura paramANu-pudgala haiM, ve sabhI svataMtra vAstavikatAeM haiM aura isa dRSTi se vizva ke mUla tAvoM kI saMkhyA to ananta hI hai| jahAM hama ina tattvoM ko prakAroM meM bAMTate haiM, vahAM hamAre sAmane kevala do bheda raha jAte haiM- jIva aura pudgala / astu, rasala kA darzana pAzcAtya jagat kA eka aisA darzana hai, jo sambhavata: jaina darzana ke sabase nikaTa mAnA jA sakatA hai 1 samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda aura jaina darzana Adhunika pAzcAtya dArzanikoM meM pro. henI mArgenau kI vicAradhArA bhI jaina darzana ke sAtha bahuta sAdRzya rakhatI hai| pro. mArgenau ne 'kansTrakTsa' ke siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa karake yaha batAyA hai ki jJAtA aura jJeya padArtha donoM kA svatantra astitva 1. dekheM, dI philosophI oNpha barTreNDa rasala, pI0 e0 silpa dvArA sampAdita, pR0 355-384 / 2. darzana zAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 133 / 3. rasala ne svayaM apane darzana ko dvaitavAda kahA hai; dekheM, darzana-digdarzana, pR0 371 / 4. dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya; ye tIna vAstavika tattva haiM, kintu inakI saMkhyA eka-eka hI hai /

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37 darzana aura vijJAna hai| abhautika vAstavikatA ko bhI ve svIkAra karate haiN| isa prakAra jaina darzana ke sAtha inakI vicAradhArA kA kAphI sAmaMjasya pratIta hotA hai| mArgenau kI vicAradhArA meM jJAna-maimAsika vizleSaNa ke dvArA jJAtA aura jJeya padArtha kI vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM cintana kiyA gayA hai aura vaha vicAradhArA samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda ke nikaTa calI jAtI hai| samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda ke anusAra jJAna-prakriyA meM tIna tattva hote 1. jJAtA 2. jJeya 3. jJAta padArtha 'jJAtA' jJAna prApta karane vAlA hai| jisa vastu kA jJAna prApta hotA hai, usI ko jJeya padArtha' kahate haiN| mana yA jJAtA kI cetanA ke samakSa jo padArtha vidyamAna rahatA hai, usI ko jJAta padArtha' kahate hai| use pradatta (DaTama) bhI kahate hai; kyoMki jJAtA ko yaha prApta hotA hai, vAstavika vastu nahIM miltii| yaha siddhAMta vAstavika vastu aura jJAta vastu; donoM meM dvaita yA bhinnatA mAnatA hai, isalie isa jJAna-zAstrIya dvaitavAda (episTemolojikala Dyaaliz2ama) kahate haiN| isa prakAra isake anusAra jJeya padArtha aura jJAta padArtha meM saMkhyAtmaka bhinnatA to hotI hai; kintu ina pradattoM ke dvArA yathArtha vastuoM kA pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai| kyoMki hama pradattoM ko nahIM dekhate, balki cazme kI taraha unake mAdhyama se vastuoM ko dekhate haiN| jaina darzana jJeya padArtha ko svatantra vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai tathA jJAtA kA bhI svatantra vAstavika astitva mAnatA hai| jJAta padArtha jJeya padArtha se saMkhyAtmaka bhinnatA rakhatA hai| jJAna prakriyA meM do prakAra ke sAdhanoM kA upayoga hotA hai-aindriya aura atiindriy| aindriya sAdhanoM dvArA jJAta padArtha jJeya padArtha se na kevala saMkhyAtmaka bhinnatA rakhatA hai balki inameM svarUpAtmaka bhinnatA bhI honI saMbhava hai| hAM, yaha jJAta padArtha jJeya padArtha aura aindriya upakaraNoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM ke anurUpa hI hotA hai| gaNita kI bhASA meM ise kaheM to-yadi a jJeya padArtha hai aura ba aindriya sAdhanoM dvArA jJAta padArtha hai, to ba=pha (a, aindriya sambandha) hotA hai| isa 1. dI necara oNpha phijikala riyaliTI, pR0 458 / 2. dekheM, darzanazAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 345 / 3. pha ( ) phalana (phaMkzana) kA cihna hai|

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38 jaina darzana aura vijJAna prakAra hamAre jJAna meM Ane vAle vizva aura vAstavika vizva meM yaha dvaita' ho jAtA hai| jahAM atIndriya sAdhanoM ke dvArA jJAna prApta hotA hai, vahAM jJAta padArtha aura jJeya padArtha meM saMkhyAtmaka dvaita to rahatA hai, kintu svarUpAtmaka dvaita nahIM rhtaa| arthAt yadi ka atIndriya sAdhanoM ke dvArA jJAta padArtha hai, to ka = a hotA hai| isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina darzana aura samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda meM bahuta kucha sAdRzya hai, kintu thor3A antara bhI hai| samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda jahAM pradatta aura yathArtha vastu meM svarUpAtmaka bhinnatA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA, vahAM jaina darzana usakI sambhavatA ko svIkAra karatA hai| dasUrI bAta yaha hai ki 'pradattoM' ko jaina darzana meM koI svataMtra vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA haiM, kintu vaha vastuta: jJAtA kA hI eka aMga bana jAtA hai| hAM, usakA svarUpa jJeya padArtha' para AdhArita avazya hotA hai| aisA mAnane se jo doSa samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda meM Ate haiM, jaina darzana kI vicAradhArA unase mukta raha jAtI hai| hAijanabarga kA darzana aura jaina darzana vaijJAnikoM meM aneka aise haiM, jo aneka tattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda ko svIkAra karate haiN| prAcIna yuga meM nyUTana ne spaSTa rUpa se bhUta aura cetana ke svataMtra astitva ko svIkAra kiyA thA, Adhunika yuga meM hAijanabarga, vhITTAkara Adi bhI padArtha ke vastu-sApekSa astitva ko kisa prakAra svIkAra karate haiM, isakI carcA hama kara cuke haiN| hAijanabarga kA sthAna vartamAna vaijJAnikoM kI prathama zreNI meM hai| unhoMne apane bhautika vijJAna aura darzana nAmaka grantha meM Adhunika vijJAna ke darzana kI jo carcA kI hai, usake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne bhautika padArthoM ko vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM mAnA hai sAtha hI cetana tattva kI vAstavikatA ko bhI ve svIkAra karate haiN| unhoMne mAnA hai ki cetana tattva' ko bhautika zAstra, rasAyana zAstra aura vikAsavAda ke siddhAntoM para nahIM samajhAyA jA sktaa| hAijanabarga yaha bhI mAnate hai ki vAstavikatA' ko samajhAne ke lie hamArI sAmAnya dhAraNAoM kI sUkSma paribhASAeM Avazyaka haiN| inakI vicAradhArA ko hama Adhunika pratyakSavAda ke antargata mAna sakate haiN| unhoMne svayaM Adhunika pratyakSavAda kI carcA meM yaha kahA hai ki 'padArtha', 'anubhUti', 'astitva' Adi kI samIkSAtmaka paribhASAeM Avazyaka haiN| 1. vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, darzanazAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 347-348 2. phijiksa eNDa philosophI, pR0 95 / 3. vahI, pR0 84 4. vahI, pR0 78 /

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darzana aura vijJAna jaina darzana ke sAtha yadi isakI tulanA kI jAye, to kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaijJAnikoM kI dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM hAijanabarga kI vicAradhArA jaina darzana ke sAtha bahuta sAdRzya rakhatI hai| donoM hI bhUta aura cetana ke vAstavika astitva ko svIkAra karate haiN| jJAtA, jJeya-sambandhI hAijanabarga kI dArzanika vicAradhArA kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha na hone se itanI hI samIkSA paryApta mAnI jA sakatI hai| hAIz2anabarga ke atirikta anya kucha vaijJAnika bhI bhautika padArthoM aura cetana tattva ko bhI vAstavika mAnate haiN| kintu unakI vicAradhArAeM darzana ke rUpa meM upalabdha na hone se unakI tulanAtmaka samIkSA nahIM kI jA sktii| upasaMhAra 'vizva kyA hai?' isa pramukha prazna ke samAdhAna meM diye gaye dArzanikoM aura vaijJAnikoM ke vicAroM aura siddhAMtoM ko jaina darzana ke sAtha eka tulanAtmaka samIkSA karane kA hamane prayatna kiyA / hamane dekhA ki vizva kI vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM ullikhita ina vividha darzanoM meM aura jaina darzana meM sAdRzya bhI hai aura vaisadRzya bhii| kisI ne kevala 'Izvara' ko vAstavika mAnA hai aura sAre vizva ko avaastvik| kisI ne anubhUta vizva ko avAstavika mAnakara vAstavikatA ko pAramArthika batAyA hai| kisI ne anubhUti ko hI vAstavikatA kA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai aura anubhUta vizva ko avAstavika kahA hai| kisI ne kevala AtmA yA cetana ko hI vAstavika mAnA hai aura bhUta ko avAstavika / kisI ne kevala bhUta ko vAstavika mAnA hai, to cetana ko avAstavika athavA bhUta se hI udbhUta / kisI ne cetana, bhUta sabhI ko avAstavika kahA hai| kisI ne cetana ko bhI vAstavika kahA hai aura bhUta ko bhI tathA kisI ne cetana aura bhUta se bhinna anubhaya ko vAstavika mAnA hai| vijJAna kA darzana ukta viSaya meM kyA dRSTikoNa rakhatA hai, yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| hama dekha cuke haiM ki vaijJAnika isa viSaya meM pRthaka-pRthak vicAra rakhate haiN| vijJAna kA prAyogika pakSa bahudhA sarvasammata dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA hai to dArzanika pakSa bhI kyA aisA pratipAdana nahIM kara sakatA? isa vicAraNIya prazna kA hama ukta sImA ke Aloka meM hala karane kA prayatna kreNge| hama dekha cuke haiM ki vaijJAnikoM ke dArzanika vicAra mukhyata: tI bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAte haiM1. AdarzavAda, 2. bhautikavAda, 3. aneka tattvAtmaka vaastvikvaad| inameM prathama do dRSTikoNa ekatattvavAda (moniz2ama) kA samarthana karate haiN| kisI bhI prakAra ke ekattvavAda kI yaha truTi hai ki vaha tarka aura anubhava ke AdhAra para kharA nahIM utrtaa| AdarzavAdI vaijJAnika bhautika vizva kI vastu-niSThatA ko asvIkAra kara kevala caitanya ko hI vizva kI vAstavikatA mAnane kA Agraha karate haiM, to bhautika

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40 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vAdI vaijJAnika kevala bhUta ko hI vizva kI carama vAstavikatA batAte haiN| donoM pakSoM ke vaijJAnika apanI vicAradhArA ko vijJAna-sammata siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiN| vaijJAnikoM ke isa dArzanika vivAda ke pIche rAjanIti kA bhI prabhAva, aisA lagatA hai| sAmyavAdI netAoM ko jaba patA calA ki kucha vaijJAnika Adhunika bhautika vijJAna ke AdarzavAda kI vicAradhArA ke pakSa meM batAte haiM, to unheM bar3I ciMtA huii| ve isa prayatna meM lage ki 'bhautikavAda' ko hI vaijJAnika darzana kA sthAna prApta ho| lenina ne TheTha I. 1908 meM likhA thA-"sAmAnya vijJAna ke kSetra meM evaM bhautika vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI vaijJAnikoM kA vizAla bahumata bhautikavAda ke pakSa meM hai| bahuta hI alpasaMkhyA meM kucha eka Adhunika bhautika vijJAnavettA AdarzavAda ke cakkara meM par3a gae haiN| yaha nayA AdarzavAdI bhautika vijJAna jo abhI-abhI pracArita ho rahA hai, kevala pratikriyAtmaka aura asthAI hai..............|''2 lenina ke isa vicAra kI pratikriyArUpa hI saMbhavata: eDiMgTana, jInsa Adi vaijJAnikoM ne Izvara ke astitva ko ora bhautika padArthoM ke jJAtA-sApekSa astitva ko vaijJAnika siddhAMtoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| isa prakAra eka aura AdarzavAda ko to dUsarI ora bhautikavAda ko vijJAna-sammata batAne ke prayatna vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA hue| yaha sahaja saMbhava hai ki isa prakAra ke prayatnoM meM vijJAna kI tarka-saMgatatA aura anubhava-saMgatatA ko gauNa kara diyA gayA ho| ina donoM vicAradhArAoM kI samIkSA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye donoM vicAradhArAeM pUrNa rUpa se vijJAna-sammata aura tarka-sammata nahIM hai| pro. zrImatI sTebiMga, jinhoMne eDiMgTana aura jInsa ke AdarzavAdI vicAroM kI kaTa AlocanA kI hai aura unake vicAroM meM rahI haI asaMgatatA ko prakaTa kiyA hai, 'bhautikavAda' ko bhI vijJAna-sammata darzana nahIM maantiiN| unhoMne isa bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki "bhautikavAdI yena-kena prakAreNa kisI prakAra ke tattva-maimAsika bhautikavAda kI sthApanA karanA cAhate haiN| (ve cAhate hai ki) vaijJAnika niSkarSoM kA jisa kisI bhI prakAra se aisA pratipAdana kiyA jAe, jisase vaha dArzanika vicAra puSTa hoM jina para unakA rAjanaitika darzana vyavasAyika rUpa se AdhArita hai| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda ke poSakoM kI utanI hI nikRSTa tattva-mImAMsA aura utanA hI apUrNa darzana hai, jitanA ki una logoM kA hai, jo dArzanika AdarzavAda ko mAnyatA dete haiM / ......... maiM isa sambhAvita bhrAMti ko dUra karanA cAhatI huuN| yadi 1. dekheM, philosophI eNDa phijisisTsa, bhUmikA, pR0 11 / / 2. meTeriyaliz2ama eNDa empiriyo-kriTisiz2ama, pR0 310 /

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41 darzana aura vijJAna maiM isa bAta ko siddha karane meM saphala hotI hUM ki vartamAna bhautika vijJAna ke siddhAMta AdarzavAda ke kisI bhI prakAra kI puSTi nahIM karate to aisA bhI nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki unheM (bhautika vijJAna ke siddhAMtoM ko) bhautikavAda ke kisI rUpa kI paSTi karane vAle siddha karatI huuN|'' pro. sTebiMga ke AdarzavAda-virodhI vicAroM kI carcA hama kara cuke haiM aura dekha cuke haiM ki unhoMne saphalatApUrvaka eDiMgTana aura jInsa dArzanika vicAroM ko vijJAna aura tarka ke sAtha asaMgata siddha kiyA hai| ukta uddharaNa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhautikavAda ko bhI va vijJAna-sammata mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM haiN| isa uddharaNa se vijJAna ke darzana para rAjanIti ke prabhAva ko bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaijJAnika darzana kI saMjJA na to AdarzavAda ko dI jA sakatI hai aura na bhautikavAda ko| tIsarA vikalpa raha jAtA hai-dvaitavAda yA anekatattbAda kaa| hAijanabarga Adi vaijJAnikoM kI mAnyatA sambhavata: vijJAna ke darzana ko niSpakSa rUpa se pratipAdita karatI hai| unake abhimata meM AtmA (cetana) aura bhUta; donoM ko svatantra maulika vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ina vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra yadyapi ina vAstavikatAoM ke tAttvika svarUpa ke viSaya meM vartamAna vijJAna kA cintana spaSTa nahIM ho pAyA hai, phira bhI inake svatantra astitva ko to svIkAra kara hI liyA gayA hai| hAijanabarga ne apanI bhautika vijJAna aura darzana nAmaka pustaka ke upasaMhArAtmaka adhyAya meM likhA hai : "mana, AtmA, jIvana yA Izvara-sambandhI unnIsavIM zatAbdI kI hamArI dhAraNAoM se Aja Adhunika bhautika vijJAna ke vikAsa ke kAraNa inake viSaya meM hamArI dhAraNAeM kAphI bhinna ho gaI haiN| etad viSayaka dhAraNAeM prAkRtika bhASA ke sAtha sambandhita hone ke kAraNa vAstavikatA ko adhika chUtI haiN| yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki inakI vyAkhyAeM vaijJAnika artha meM itanI saspaSTa nahIM haiM aura sambhavata: inake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka asaMgatiyAM bhI utpanna ho jAtI haiM, phira bhI hameM vartamAna meM to unako vaise hI apanAnA hogaa| kyoMki hama jAnate hai ki ve vAstavikatA ko chUtI haiN| isake sambandha meM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki vijJAna ke adhikatama samIcIna aMza-gaNita meM hameM bahuta sArI aisI dhAraNAoM ko prayukta karanA hotA hai, jo asaMgatiyoM ko janma dene vAlI hotI haiN| udAharaNArtha-'yaha sarva vidita hai ki 'anaMta' saMbaMdhI (gaNita kI) dhAraNA asaMgatiyoM ko utpanna karatI hai, jinakA vizleSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai; parantu isa dhAraNA ke binA gaNita 1. philosophI eNDa dI phijisisTsa, bhUmikA, pR0 12 / 2. 19 vIM zatAbdI ke vaijJAnikoM ke darzana meM pramukhatayA bhautikavAda ko hI sthAna milA thaa| ___ yAMtrika bhautikavAda' unnasavIM zatAbdI ke bhautika vijJAna kI dena hai|

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42 jaina darzana aura vijJAna ke pramukha aMzoM kA nirmANa prAya: azakya-sA bana jAtA hai|''1 hAijanabarga ke isa kathana kA tAtparya yahI hotA hai ki vijJAna-sammata dArzanika vicAradhArA AtmA kI vAstavikatA ko svIkAra karatI hai| isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA hai ki vizva kyA hai?' kI prahelikA kA vijJAna-sammata hala nikAlane meM aba taka sabhI vaijJAnika ekamata nahIM ho pAe haiN| jaina darzana kI vicAradhArA aura usake Aloka meM kI gaI samIkSA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana ke anekatattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda prastuta prahelikA kA vijJAna-sammata hala nikAlane meM mArga-darzaka bana sakatA hai| jaina darzana adhyAtmavAdI darzana hai, phira bhI dArzanika AdarzavAda se sahamata nahIM haiN| tattva-mImAMsA ke dRSTikoNa meM pudgala aura jIva; donoM ke astitva kA samAna mUlya hai| ata: bhautikavAda aura AdarzavAda ke bIca kI khAI ko pATane ke lie jaina darzana kA tattva-maimAsika dRSTikoNa bahuta upayogI ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana dvArA pratipAdita sat (vAstavikatA) kI paribhASA dravya, guNa, paryAya kA nirUpaNa, pAMca astikAyoM kA svarUpa Adi tathya anekatattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda ke samakSa upasthita hone vAlI tarkoM kA samAdhAna de sakate haiN| abhyAsa 1. darzana aura vijJAna ke mUlabhUta antara ko samajhAte hue inakI nikaTatA ko spaSTa kreN| darzana aura vijJAna kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kyoM jarUrI hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke darzana ko vibhinna vaijJAnikoM dvArA kisa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai? jaina darzana ke sAtha nimnalikhita Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ke darzana kI tulanA kareM(ka) eDiMgTana (kha) jemsa jInsa (ga) hAijanabarga 5. jaina darzana dvArA bhautikavAda ke vaijJAnika darzana kA nirAkaraNa kisa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai? 6. vaijJAnikoM vibhinna darzana ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kA mUlyAMkana kreN| 1. phijiksa eNDa philosophI, pR0 172 /

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2. adhyAtma aura vijJAna (1) dharma aura vijJAna dharma aura vijJAna-ye do nahIM, vastuta: eka hI viSaya haiN| dharma svarya vijJAna hai| eka vaijJAnika yahAM hindustAna meM baiThA huA kisI prakAra kA prayoga yA anveSaNa karatA hai aura jo niSkarSa usake prayoga kA nikalegA, vahI niSkarSa amerikA meM baiThA huA eka vaijJAnika usI taraha kA prayoga karake prApta kregaa| hajAra varSa pahale kisI vaijJAnika ne prayoga karake jo phala nikAlA thA, hajAra varSa bAda bhI Aja kA vaijJAnika vaise hI prayoga se vahI phala prApta kregaa| ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki trikAlAbAdhita satya hI vijJAna hai| deza yA kAla ke kAraNa isameM koI antara nahIM A sktaa| yahI bAta dharma ke lie bhI hama kaha sakate haiN| ata: mAnanA par3egA dharma svayaM vijJAna hai kisI vastu ko jAnane kA jo mAdhyama hai, vaha hai vijJAna, aura usa mAdhyama ke dvArA jo kucha prApta hotA hai, vaha hai dhrm| vijJAna vastu ko jAnane kI prakriyA hai aura dharma AtmA ko pAne kI prakriyA hai, sAdhana hai| manuSya meM satya kI jijJAsA aura usakI khoja kA prayatna cirakAla se rahA hai| usakA sthUla rUpa hamAre sAmane hai| manuSya kevala sthUla se saMtuSTa nahIM hotaa| vaha nirantara sthUla se sUkSma kI ora prasthAna karatA hai| dharma kI khoja sUkSma tattva kI khoja hai| AtmA, paramAtmA, paramANu, karma-ye sabhI sUkSma tattva haiN| sAdhAraNa jIvana-yAtrA se inakA sIdhA sambandha nahIM hai| isa khoja kA mAdhyama rahA hai-antardRSTi, atIndriya cetanA aura gaMbhIra evaM ekAgra cintn| vijJAna ne bhI sUkSma satyoM ko khojA hai| usakI khoja kA mAdhyama hai-sUkSmadarzI upkrnn| vaijJAnika jagat meM ye upakaraNa pracura mAtrA meM vikasita hue haiN| inake dvArA eka sAmAnya manuSya bhI sUkSma tattvoM ko jAna sakatA hai| kintu eka vaijJAnika ke lie ye upakaraNa hI paryApta nahIM haiN| usake lie antardRSTi, cintana kI ekAgratA aura nirvicAratA utane hI Avazyaka haiM jitane eka dharma kI khoja karane vAle ke lie| dharma bhI satya kI khoja hai aura vijJAna bhI satya kI khoja hai| jahAM satya kI khoja kA prazna hai, donoM eka biMdu para A jAte haiN| para uddezya kI dRSTi se donoM

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44 jaina darzana aura vijJAna ke avasthiti-biMdu bhinna haiN| dharma ke kSetra meM satya kI khoja kA uddezya hai-astitva aura cetanA kA vikAsa / vijJAna ke kSetra meM satya kI khoja kA uddezya hai-astitva aura padArtha kA vikaas| vijJAna ne jIvana-yAtrA ke lie upayogI aneka tattva khoje haiN| khAdya, cikitsA va suvidhA ke kSetra meM paryApta pragati huI hai| dharma ne suvidhA dene vAlA koI tattva nahIM khojA, para usane cetanA ke una AyAmoM kI khoja kI jo suvidhA ke abhAva meM hone vAlI asuvidhA ko saha skeN| adhyAtma aura vijJAna dvArA niyamoM kI khoja bhItara kI gaharAiyoM meM gaye binA saccAI ko jAnA nahIM jA sktaa| pratyeka deza aura kAla kA apanA mUlya hotA hai| Aja kA deza aura kAla vijJAna se bahuta adhika prabhAvita hai| Aja kA prabuddha AdamI vijJAna kI bhASA samajhatA hai| bahuta sahajatA se samajha letA hai| vaha purAnI bhASA ko itanI sahajatA se nahIM pakar3a paataa| adhyAtma kI bhASA purAnI ho gaI, isalie use pakar3ane meM kaThinAI ho rahI hai| adhyAtma svayaM vijJAna hai| vijJAna aura adhyAtma ko bAMTA nahIM jA sktaa| unake bIca meM koI bhedarekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sktii| kintu Aja calane vAlI dharA hajAra varSoM ke bAda anabUjha pahelI bana jAtI hai| vartamAna kI dhArA logoM ke lie sulabha hotI hai| Aja yahI huA hai| Aja adhyAtma ko hama bhUla gae aura vijJAna hamArI pakar3a meM A gyaa| gahare meM uttara kara dekheM to adhyAtma aura vijJAna meM antara nahIM lgtaa| donoM kI prakRti eka hai| donoM niyamoM ke AdhAra para calate haiN| adhyAtma ne cetanA ke niyama khoje aura vijJAna padArtha ke niyamoM kI khoja kara rahA hai| donoM ne niyamoM kI khoja kI hai| jahAM niyama kI khoja nahIM hotI, vahAM saccAI kA patA nahIM cltaa| yaha sArA jagat niyamoM ke AdhAra para cala rahA hai| hama niyamoM ko nahIM jAnate, isalie ve hamAre lie camatkAra bana jAte haiN| isa duniyA meM camatkAra jaisI koI bAta nahIM hotii| jo camatkAra mAne jAte haiM, ve sAre ke sAre isa jagat ke niyama haiN| jo niyama se anabhijJa haiM, usake lie camatkAra aura jo niyama kA jJAtA hai usake lie camatkAra samApta ho jAte haiN| jaba pahalI bAra Aga jalI, taba bar3A camatkAra lgaa| logoM ne socA, yaha kyA hai? yaha kahAM se A gaI? usa samaya koI use samajha nahIM skaa| jaise-jaise Aga ke niyama jJAta hote gae, Aga jalanA koI camatkAra nahIM rhaa| eka dina jaba releM paTariyoM para daur3ane lagI, taba logoM ko bar3A camatkAra lgaa| aneka grAmINoM ne use devatA mAna pUjA kI / aneka loga Dara ke mAre bhAga

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna 45 ge| jaba loga rela ke niyamoM ko samajha gae, taba rela na camatkAra rahA, na bhaya rahA aura na AtaMka rhaa| ye jitane jAdU ke camatkAra haiM, jitane tantra-vidyA ke camatkAra haiM, ve sAre niyamoM ke camatkAra haiN| niyama ke pratikula kucha bhI nahIM hai| antara kevala itanA hI hai ki jo niyamoM ko jAnatA hai, usake lie koI camatkAra nahIM hai aura jo niyamoM ko nahIM jAnatA, usake lie saba camatkAra hai| cumbaka lauha ko khIMcatA hai| grAmINa vyakti ke lie vaha camatkAra hai| jo cumbakIya niyama ko jAnatA hai, usake lie camatkAra jaisA kucha bhI nahIM hai| donoM ne-adhyAtma ko vijJAna ne-niyamoM ko khojaa| isIlie eka vaijJAnika vyakti Age calate-calate AdhyAtmika bana jAtA hai aura eka AdhyAtmika vyakti apanI yAtrA karate-karate vaijJAnika bana jAtA hai| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki vaijJAnika AdhyAtmika na ho aura yaha bhI nahIM ho sakatA ki AdhyAtmika vaijJAnika na ho| yaha isalie hotA hai| ki donoM kA mArga eka hai, dizA eka hai, paddhati eka hai aura niSpatti eka hai| itanA hone para ye donoM alaga kaise raha sakate haiM? bhinna-bhinna dizAoM se Ane vAlI ye do dhArAeM eka mahAnadI meM milakara eka ho jAtI hai| vaise hI vijJAna kI dhArA, adhyAtma kI dhArA tathA bhinna-bhinna lagane vAlI aura bhI aneka dhArAeM jaba satya ke mahAsamudra meM vilIna hotI haiM, taba ve saba eka bana jAtI haiN| unakA bheda samApta ho jAtA hai| niyamoM ko jAnanA bahuta Avazyaka hai| niyamoM ko jAne binA koI vyakti AdhyAtmika nahIM bana sktaa| niyamoM ko jAne binA koI vyakti vaijJAnika nahIM bana sktaa| adhyAtma ke apane niyama haiM aura vijJAna ke apane niyama haiN| adhyAtmika vyakti ko vijJAna par3hanA bahuta jarUrI hai aura vaijJAnika ko adhyAtma par3hanA bahuta jarUrI hai| acchA yaha hogA ki adhyAtma ke prakAza meM vijJAna ko par3hA jAe aura vijJAna ke prakAza meM adhyAtma ko par3hA jAe, taba niyamoM kI pUrI zrRMkhalA hamAre samAne A sakatI hai| dharma aura vijJAna kI mahAnatA Aja loga vijJAna ko kevala do zatAbdI purAnA hI mAna baiThe haiN| isa kAla meM jo anveSaNa aura prApti vijJAna ne kI hai sirpha vahI vijJAna hai, aisI logoM ne dhAraNA banA lI hai| lekina jo upalabdhiyAM sAmane haiM, ve vijJAna nahIM hai| ve to upalabdhiyoM mAtra haiN| yathArtha bhAva se dekhanA hI vijJAna hai| AtmA se bhinna koI vijJAna hai hI nhiiN| aNubama vijJAna kI dena hai| lekina vaha apane kucha nahIM kara sakatA

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna kyoMki vaha jar3a hai| cetanA kI zakti hI usakA upayoga karake vinAza DhahAtI hai| zaktiyoM kA vikAsa koI doSa nahIM lekina unakA upayoga sahI DhaMga se ho| jo vijJAna ko burA kahate haiM, unheM yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA ki dharma bhI burA hai kyoMki unako alaga karane kA hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM hai| dharma aura vijJAna trikAlAbAdhita satya haiM, yahI niSkarSa hai| . adhyAtma kI taraha vijJAna kA kSetra bhI atyanta prAcIna hai| vijJAna ke lie hajAroM ne apane Apako khapAyA hai| bhArata meM hajAroM varSa pahale bhI vijJAna ke kSetra meM adhyAtma kI taraha hI aise-aise anusandhAna hue haiM; Aja yadi Apake sAmane unakI upalabdhiyAM rakhI jAeM to Apa Azcaryacakita ho jaaeNge| isI taraha ke anusaMdhAna adhyAtma-kSetra meM kie ge| aneka ne gUDha sAdhanAeM kI, tabhI adhyAtma kI anubhUtiyAM prApta huii| gussA yA Avega jaba AtA hai to tatkAla do kSaNa ke lie zvAsa roka leN| gussA svata: ThaMDA par3a jaaegaa| isI taraha ke aneka prayoga kie gae haiN| yogazAstra ko jAnane vAlA khoja karake dekheM ki prAcIna AcAryoM ne kitane prayoga kie haiN| prAcIna samaya meM hajAroM kosa dUra baiThA sAdhu kisI anya sAdhu ko sirpha yAda karake usakA Asana DolA (hilA) sakatA thA aura vaha samajha jAtA thA ki use yAda kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se dharma aura vijJAna do dhArAeM aura zAkhAeM nahIM haiM, eka hI cetanA-pravAha kI do kar3iyAM haiN| mUla eka hai, TahaniyAM do haiN| jisa taraha vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM kA upayoga vinAzakArI kAryoM meM kiyA gayA hai, jo sarvavidita hai, usI prakAra dharma kA upayoga bhI anucita DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai aura kahIM-kahIM to usakA atyadhika durupayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki vijJAna aura dharma kA kSetra bhinna-bhinna hote hue bhI mUla eka hai| aura maiM to kahatA hUM yaha vizAla nagaroM ke phlaiTa sisTama (Flat System) kI taraha hai; jahAM eka makAna meM kaI phlaiTa hote haiM aura usameM rahane vAle varSoM se vahAM rahate hue bhI eka-dUsare se aparicita-se bane rahate haiN| dharma se prabhAvita loga mAnate haiM-vijJAna ne manuSya-jAti ko saMhAra ke kagAra para pahuMcA diyA hai| vijJAna se prabhAvita loga mAnate haiM-dharma ne manuSya ko paraMparAvAdI yA rUr3hivAdI banA diyA hai| isa Aropa aura pratyAropa meM sacAI nahIM hai| sacAI yaha hai ki dharma aura vijJAna satya ko upalabdha karane kI paddhatiyAM hai| dharma kA rUr3hivAdI se aura vijJAna kA saMhAraka zastroM se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| jaisa dharma-sthAna dharma nahIM hai, vaise hI praudyogikI (TeknolaoNjI) vijJAna nahIM hai| jisakA upayoga hotA hai, usakA durupayoga bhI ho sakatA hai| upayoga

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47 adhyAtma aura vijJAna durupayoga ke bIca meM kabhI bhI lakSmaNa rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sktii| durupayoga dharma kA bhI ho sakatA hai aura vijJAna kA bhI ho sakatA hai| jo dharmasattA aura saMpatti ke sAtha jur3a jAtA hai, vaha ghAtaka bana jAtA hai| ThIka isI prakAra vijJAna bhI sAmrAjyavAdI manovRti ke sAtha jur3akara saMhAraka bana rahA hai| saMhAra vijJAna kI pravRti nahIM hai| usakA svarUpa nahIM hai| dharma aura vijJAna kI prakRti hai-sthUla se sUkSma kI dizA meM prasthAna-jAgatika niyamoM kI khoja, sAmAnyIkaraNa, satya kI prikrmaa| kucha dhArmika netA kahate haiM-vijJAna ke kAraNa janatA kI dharma ke prati AsthA DagamagA gaI hai| kintu isameM sacAI nahIM lgtii| yadi dharma se satya kI khoja hotI hai, to koI dUsarI zakti usake prati anAsthA paidA nahIM kara sktii| use padacyuta nahIM kara sktii| AiMsTIna mahAn vaijJAnika thaa| vaha itanA AsthAvAna thA ki bar3e se bar3A vyakti bhI utanA AsthAvAna nahIM ho sktaa| vaijJAnika aura AtmA paramAtmA ke prati AsthAvAna-yaha eka samasyA hai| itanA bar3A vaijJAnika aura phira dhArmika! yaha kaise? yaha prazna hamArI hI mUr3hatA ke kAraNa utpanna huA hai| apanI visaMgatiyoM ke kAraNa utpanna huA hai| apanI visaMgatiyoM ke kAraNa hamane aise mUlya sthApita kara die, aise mAnadaMDa sthApita kara lie ki yadi vaijJAnika dhArmika hotA hai to Azcarya hotA hai aura nahIM hotA hai to koI Azcarya nahIM hotaa| balki AiMsTIna ne svayaM likhA hai - "Religion without science is blind; science without religion is lame." isa vaijJAnika yuga ne manuSya jAti kA bahuta upakAra kiyA hai| Aja dharma ke prati jitanA samyak dRSTikoNa hai vaha 50-100 varSa pUrva nahIM ho sakatA thaa| Aja sUkSma satya ke prati jitanI gaharI jijJAsA hai, utanI pahalI nahIM thii| use andhavizvAsa kahA jAtA thaa| eka aisA zabda hai andhavizvAsa ki usakI oTa meM saba kucha chipAyA jA sakatA thaa| kintu vijJAna ne jaise-jaise sUkSma satya kI prAmANika jAnakArI prastuta kI, vaise-vaise andhavizvAsa kahane kA sAhasa TUTatA gyaa| aba yadi koI vyakti kisI bAta ko andhavizvAsa kaha kara TAlatA hai to vaha sAhasa hI karatA hai| Aja vijJAna jina sUkSma satyoM kA sparza kara cukA hai, do zatAbdI pUrva unakI kalpanA bhI asaMbhava thaa| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vijJAna atIndriya jJAna kI sImA ke Asa-pAsa pahuMca rahA hai| prAcIna kAla meM sAdhanA dvArA atIndriya jJAna kA vikAsa aura sUkSma satyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAtA thaa| Aja ke AdamI ne atIndriya jJAna kI sAdhanA bhI kho

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48 jaina darzana aura vijJAna dI aura atIndriya jJAna ke vikAsa karane kA abhyAsa bhI kho diyA, paddhati bhI vismRta ho gii| aba sivAya vijJAna ke koI sAdhana nahIM hai| vaijJAnikoM ne koI sAdhanA nahIM kI, adhyAtma kA gaharA abhyAsa nahIM kiyA, atIndriya cetanA ko jagAne kA prayatna nahIM kiyA, kintu itane sUkSma upakaraNoM kA nirmANa kiyA, jinake mAdhyama se atIndriya satya khojeM jA sakate haiM, dekhe jA sakate haiN| ve sAre satya ina sUkSma upakaraNoM se jJAta ho jAte haiN| isakA phalita yaha huA hai ki Aja kA vijJAna atIndriya tathyoM ko jAnane-dekhane aura pratipAdana karane meM sakSama hai| AinsTIna ne eka bAra kahA thA-"hama loga vaijJAnika dAve to bahuta bar3e -bar3e karate haiM, lekina hamAre pAsa jAnane ke sAdhana indriyAM aura mana itane durbala haiM ki hameM aneka bAra bhrAMti meM DAla dete haiN|" yaha bilakula satya hai loga kahate haiN| AkhoM-dekhI bAta jhUThI ho sakatI hai? lekina satya yaha hai ki aisA aneka bAra hotA hai| gAr3I meM baiThe hue loga anubhava karate haiM ki per3a daur3a rahe haiM, gAr3I nhiiN| kyA AMkheM dhokhA nahIM de rahI haiM? calate samaya mArga meM hamane dekhA lagabhaga eka mIla sIdhI sar3aka jo kama se kama ATha phUTa caur3I to hogI hI, sApha dikhAI de rahI lekina anta meM usakA kinArA eka lakIra-sA dikhAI detA hai| phira hamane dekhA AkAza jamIna ko chUtA huA-sA laga rahA hai, lekina jyoMhI hama calate-calate usa sthAna para pahuMce to dekhA usa sthAna para nahIM, aura Age vaha jamIna ko chU rahA hai| yaha AMkhoM kA dhokhA nahI to kyA hai? indriyoM kI zakti atyanta sImita hai| AMkha meM dekhane kI zakti hai, para vaha eka sImita dUrI para hI rahI huI vastu ko hI dekha pAtI hai| kAna meM sunane kI zakti hai, para vaha nizcita hI phrIkvensI vAlI zabda-taraMga hI pakar3a pAtA hai| hamAre cAroM ora na jAne kitanI dhvaniyAM ho rahI haiN| ve kAnoM se TakArAtI haiN| para kAna una sArI dhvaniyoM ko grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| ve hI dhvaniyAM kAna meM grAhya hotI haiM jo ki nizcita AvRti meM AtI haiM / zeSa dhvaniyAM AtI haiM, TakArAtI haiM aura calI jAtI haiN| hamAre samAne do prakAra ke jagata hai-indriya-jagata aura indriyaatiit-jgt| hamArA pUrA vizvAsa indriya-jagat meM hai| kyoMki vaha hamAre pratyakSa hai| usase hamArA sIdhA saMbaMdha hai| usake prati hamArI itanI gaharI AsthA bana gaI hai ki indriyAtIta kI koI bAta sAmane A jAtI hai to bhI usa para vizvAsa nahIM hotaa| vaha samajha meM nahIM aatii| indriyoM se pare kA jagat bahata virATa hai| isakA pUrA sAkSya hai Aja kA vijJAna / vijJAna ne sUkSma upakaraNoM ke mAdhyama se aise jagat ko khojA hai jo ina indriyoM dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| jo cIja AMkhoM ke dvArA nahIM dekhI jA sakatI, vaha mAikroskopa ke dvArA dekhI jA sakatI hai| vijJAna ne itane sUkSma jagat kA patA

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna 49 lagA diyA hai ki jisakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| eka sUI kI noMka para araboM-kharaboM paramANu samA jAte haiM / yaha vijJAna kI bAta hai / dArzanika jagat kI bAta to aura sUkSma hai| unake anusAra sUI kI noka para annata jIva samA sakate haiM / anantakAyika vanaspatiyAM isakA pramANa haiM / yaha bahuta sUkSma anveSaNa hai / vaijJAnika prayogoM ke mAdhyama se tathA sUkSma upakaraNoM ke mAdhyama se jo dekhA gayA vaha yaha hai ki eka kaNa bhUmi meM bIsa hajAra kITANu samA jAte haiN| bahuta virAT hai sUkSma jagat, kintu indriya-jagata ke prati hamAre kucha dArzanikoM aura tArkikoM kI itanI pragAr3ha AsthA ho gayI ki ve indriyAtIta ko avAstavika mAnane laga ge| jaina Agama ke sUkSma satya jaina Agama-sAhitya meM sUkSma pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiM / Adhunika vijJAna ke sandarbha meM unheM samajhane kI suvidhA hotI hai / udAharaNArtha yahAM kucha eka mahattvapUrNa binduoM kI carcA kI jA rahI hai 1. nigoda vanaspati ke suI kI noka Tike utane bhAga meM ananta jIva hote haiM - yaha eka dhArmika siddhAnta hai / yaha sahaja buddhigamya nahIM hai, isalie cirakAla taka saMdeha kA viSaya banA rahA / kintu aba isa sUkSmatA meM saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| zarIrazAstra ke anusAra zarIra ke pina kI noMka Tike utane bhAga meM se dasa lAkha kozikAeM haiN| pAMca phiTa ke mAnava zarIra meM chaha sau kharaba kozikAeM haiN| yaha vizAla saMkhyA vanaspati-viSayaka saMkhyA ko saMbhava banA detI hai / 2. manovijJAna ke kSetra meM jisa dina cetana mana kI sImA ko pA kara avacetana aura acetana mana kI avadhAraNA nizcita huI, usa dina cetana jagat kI sUkSmatA kI dizA meM eka abhinava abhiyAna zurU ho gayA / 3. lezyA yA AbhAmaMDala kA siddhAMta samajha se pare ho rahA thA / pratyeka jIva ke Asa-pAsa eka AbhAmaMDala hotA hai / bhAva parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha vaha parivartita hotA rahatA hai / mRtyu ke Asa-pAsa vaha kSINa hone lagatA hai aura mRtyu ke sAtha vaha samApta ho jAtA hai / athavA isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki usake kSINa hone para prANI kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai / vijJAna ke kSetra meM AbhAmaMDala kA siddhAMta pratiSThita ho cukA hai / kirliyana daMpati ke isa viSaya meM kie gae prayoga bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiN|' unhoMne padArtha aura prANI donoM ko AbhAmaMDala ke phoTo liye| una donoM meM eka prakAzamaya DhAMcA banA huA thA / sikke kA AbhAmaMDala niyata thA, jabaki prANI kA AbhAmaMDala parivartanazIla thA / 1. dekheM pR0 54 /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna pahale mRtyu kI ghoSaNA hRdaya kI dhar3akana aura nAr3I kI gati baMda hone tathA mastiSka kI kozikAoM ke niSkriya hone para kI jAtI thI / aba usakI ghoSaNA AbhAmaNDala ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai| jaba taka AbhAmaMDala kSINa nahIM hotA hai prANI kI mRtyu nahIM hotii| isalie tathAkathita mRtyu kI ghoSaNA hone ke bAda bhI aneka manuSya jI uThate haiM / 4. karma-paramANuoM ke pratyeka skandha meM asaMkhya saMskAroM ke spaMdana aMkita hote haiN| yaha viSaya buddhigamya nahIM hai / kintu kromosoma ( guNasUtra ) aura jIna ( saMskAra-sUtra ) kI vaijJAnika vyAkhyA ke pazcAt vaha viSaya aspaSTa nahIM rahA / pratyeka jIna meM chaha lAkha Adeza aMkita mAne jAte haiM / jIna aura karma kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta hI dilacaspa viSaya hai / 5. karma ke saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta - puNya ko pApa ke rUpa meM aura pApa ko puNya ke rUpa meM badalane kI prakriyA meM aba saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jeneTika iMjIniyariMga ke anusAra jIna ke parivartana kA siddhAMta mAnya ho cukA hai aura usake parivartana ke upAya khoje jA rahe haiM / 6. khanija dhAtu meM jIva kA siddhAnta bahuta vivAdAspada rahA / kintu aba vijJAna ke caraNa usa vivAda ke samAdhAna kI dizA meM Age bar3ha rahe haiM / kucha bhUvaijJAnika mAnate haiM ki patthara aura pahAr3a bhI bar3hate rahate haiM / dhAtu kA prahAra karane para usameM thakAna AtI hai| kucha samaya bAda ArAma ke kSaNoM meM vaha pUrvavat ho jAtI hai| thakAna AnA, Arambha ke kSaNoM meM pUrva sthiti meM cale jAnA-ye jIva ke lakSaNa haiM, jo khanija dhAtu meM bhI pAe jAte hai / 1 7. vanaspati kI cetanA aura usakI saMvedanazIlatA carcA kA viSaya banI huI thii| usameM krodha, ahaMkAra, kapaTa, lobha, bhaya, aura maithuna kI pravRtti hotI hai / ise svIkAranA sahaja sarala nahIM thA / kintu vaijJAnika prayogoM dvArA vanaspati meM ina sabakA astitva pramANita ho jAne para vaha viSaya saMdehAspada nahIM rahA / isa viSaya meM 'sIkreTa lAipha oNpha plAnTsa' pustaka paThanIya hai| 8. jaina AgamoM kI gaNanA kI parama koTi kA ullekha hai / usakI saMjJA hai - zIrSa prahelikA / usake samakSa Aja kI saMkhyA bahuta choTI hotI hai / eka aMka para do sau cAlIsa zUnya lagAne se vaha saMkhyA banatI hai| vaha utkRSTa saMkhyA hai| jaba vijJAna ne sUkSma gaNita kI bAteM prastuta kIM, taba zIrSa prahelikA kI satyatA svayaM prasthApita ho gaI aura use bahuta mahattvapUrNa khoja mAnA gyaa| 9. jaina sAhitya meM ullekha hai ki eka ghaMTA hai avasthita / vaha eka sthAna para bajatA hai| usakI dhvani se prakaMpita hokara dUra-dUra hajAroM-lAkhoM ghaMTe baja uThate

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna 51 haiM / asaMkhya yojana taka yaha ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai| logoM ne isa ullekha ko kapola-kalpita btaayaa| kintu jaba vijJAna ne dhvani taraMgoM kI drutagAtimA ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA, taba yaha satya bhI pramANita ho gayA / Aja yaha dhvani - vijJAna mahAnatama upalabdhi mAnA jAtA hai / jaba taka vyakti sUkSma paryAyoM kI ora prasthAna nahIM karatA taba taka sacAI ko nahIM pA sktaa| jaba taka anekAnta kI dRSTi kA vikAsa nahIM hotA taba taka usa dizA meM prastAna nahIM ho sakatA / esTrala projekzana aura samudghAta eka habzI mahilA hai / usakA nAma hai- liliyana / vaha atIndriya prayogoM meM dakSa hai| usase pUchA gayA- tuma atIndriya ghaTanAeM kaise batalAtI ho? usane kahA, maiM esTrala projekzana ke dvArA una ghaTanAoM kA jAna letI hUM / pratyeka prANI meM prANa dhArA hotI hai / use esTralA baoNDI bhI kahA jAtA hai| esTrala projekzana ke dvArA maiM prANa zarIra se bAhara nikala kara, jahAM ghaTanA ghaTita hotI haiM, vahAM jAtI hUM aura sArI bAteM jAnakara dUsaroM ko batA detI huuN|' vijJAna dvArA sammata yaha esTrala projekzana kI prakriyA jaina paraMparA kI samudghAta prakriyA hai / samudghAta kA yahI tAtparya hai ki jaba viziSTa ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai taba vyakti sthUla zarIra se prANazarIra ko bAhara nikAla kara ghaTane vAlI ghaTanA taka pahuMcAtA hai aura ghaTanA kA pUrA jJAna kara letA hai / yaha prANazarIra bahuta dUra taka sakatA hai| isameM apUrva kSamatAeM haiM / samudghAta sAta haiM - vedanA samudghAta, kaSAya samudghAta, mAraNAntika samudghAta, vaikriya samudghAta, taijasa samudghAta, AhAraka samudghAta, aura kevalI samudghAta / ba vyakti ko krodha adhika AtA hai taba usakA prANa zarIra se bAhara nikala jAtA hai I yaha kaSAya samudghAta hai / jaba AdamI ke mana meM ati lAlaca AtA hai taba bhI prANa-zarIra se bAhara nikala jAtA hai| isI prakAra bhayaMkara bImArI meM, marane kI avasthA meM bhI prANa zarIra bAhara nikala jAtA hai| Aja ke vijJAna ke sAmane aisI aneka ghaTanAeM ghaTita huI haiN| eka rogI oNparezana thiyeTara meM Tebala para leTA huA hai| usakA mejara oNparezana honA hai| DaoNkTara oNparezana kara rahA hai| usa samaya usa vyakti meM vedanA samudghAta ghaTita huI / usakA prANa-zarIra sthUla zarIra se nikalakara Upara kI chata ke AsapAsa sthira ho gyaa| oNparezana cala rahA hai aura vaha rogI apane prANa zarIra se sArA oNparezana dekha rahA hai| oNparezana karate-karate eka bindu para DaoNkTara ne galatI

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52 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kii| tatkAla Upara se rogI ne kahA, DaoNkTara ! yaha bhUla kara rahe ho| DaoNkTara ko patA nahIM calA-kauna bola rahA hai| usane bhUla sudhaarii| vedanA kama hote hI rogI kA prANa zarIra puna: sthUla zarIra meM A jAtA hai| projekzana kI prakriyA pUrI ho jAtI hai| hoza Ane para rogI ne DaoNkTara se kahA, chata para laTakate hue maiMne pUrA oNparezana dekhA hai| ___ zarIra-prakSepaNa kI aneka prakriyAeM haiN| ina prakriyAoM meM prANa-zarIra bAhara calA jAtA hai| usa habzI mahilA liliyana ne kahA-'maiM esTrala projekzana ke dvArA yathArtha bAla jAna letI huuN| maiM logoM ke AbhAmaMDala meM praviSTa hokara unake caritra kA varNana kara sakatI huuN| kintu zarAbI AdamI ke caritra ko maiM nahIM jAna sakatI, kyoMki zarAbI AdamI kA AbhAmaMDala asta-vyasta ho jAtA hai| vaha itanA dhuMdhalA ho jAtA hai ki usake raMgo kA patA nahIM cltaa|' hamArI bhAvanAeM, hamAre AcaraNa AbhAmaMDala ke nirmAtA haiN| jaba acchI bhAvanAeM, aura pavitra AcaraNa hotA hai taba AbhAmaMDala bahuta sazakta aura nirmala hotA hai| jaba bhAvadhArA malina hotI hai aura caritra bhI malina hotA hai taba AbhAmaMDala dhUmila, vikRta aura dUSita ho jAtA hai| soviyata rUsa ke ilekTraoNnika vizeSajJa semayona kirliyAna tathA unakI vaijJAnika patnI belenTinA ne phoTogrAphI kI eka vizeSa vidhi kA AviSkAra kiyaa| usa vidhi dvArA prANiyoM aura paudhoM ke Asa-pAsa hone vAle sUkSma vidyutIya gatividhiyoM kA chAyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaba eka paudhe se tatkAla tor3I gayI pattI kI sUkSma gatividhiyoM kI philma khIMcI gayI to AzcaryakArI dRzya sAmane aaye| pahale citra meM pattI ke cAroM aura sphuliMgoM, jhilamilAhaToM aura spaMdI jyotiyoM ke maMDala dikhAI diye| dasa ghaMTe bAda lie gae chAyA-citroM meM ye Aloka-maMDala kSINa hote dikhAI diye| agale dasa ghaMTo ke chAyA-citroM meM pUrI taraha kSINa ho cuke the| isakA tAtparya hai ki pattI kI taba mauta ho cukI thii| kirliyAna dampatti ne eka rUgNa pattI kI philma usa vizeSa vidhi se khiiNcii| usameM Aloka-maMDala prAraMbha se hI kama thaa| vaha zIghra hI samApta ho gyaa| kirliyAna dampatti ne usa vizeSa vidhi dvArA atyaMta nikaTa ke mAnava zarIra ke eka rogI oNparezana thiyeTara meM Tebala para leTA huA hai| usakA mejara oNparezana honA hai| DaoNkTara oNparezana kara rahA hai| usa samaya usa vyakti meM vedanA samudghAta ghaTita huii| usakA prANa-zarIra sthUla zarIra se nikalakara Upara kI chata ke AsapAsa sthira ho gayA hai| oNparezana cala rahA hai aura vaha rogI apane prANa zarIra se sArA oNparezana dekha

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna 53 rahA hai| oNparezana karate-karate eka bindu para DaoNkTara ne galatI kii| tatkAla Upara se rogI ne kahA, DaoNkTara! yaha bhUla kara rahe ho / DaoNkTara ko patA nahIM calA - 1-kauna bola rahA hai| usane bhUla sudhArI / vedanA kama hote hI rogI kA prANa zarIra punaH sthUla zarIra meM A jAtA hai| projekzana kI prakriyA pUrI ho jAtI hai / hoza Ane para rogI ne DaoNkTara se kahA, chata para laTakate hue maiMne pUrA oNparezana dekhA hai| zarIra - prakSepaNa kI aneka prakriyAeM haiN| ina prakriyAoM meM prANa-zarIra bAhara calA jAtA hai / usa habzI mahilA liliyana ne kahA- 'maiM esTrala projekzana ke dvArA yathArtha bAta jAna letI huuN| maiM logoM ke AbhAmaMDala meM praviSTa hokara unake caritra kA varNana kara sakatI huuN| kintu zarAbI AdamI ke caritra ko maiM nahIM jAna sakatI, kyoMki zarAbI AdamI kA AbhAmaMDala asta-vyasta ho jAtA hai / vaha itanA dhuMdhalA ho jAtA hai ki usake raMgoM kA patA nahIM calatA / ' hamArI bhAvanAeM, hamAre AcaraNa AbhAmaMDala ke nirmAtA haiM / jaba acchI bhAvanAeM, aura pavitra AcaraNa hotA hai taba AbhAmaMDala bahuta sazakta aura nirmala hotA hai, jaba bhAvadhArA malina hotI hai aura caritra bhI malina hotA hai taba AbhAmaMDala dhUmila, vikRta aura dUSita ho jAtA haiM / soviyata rUsa ke ilekTraoNnika vizeSajJa semayona kirliyAna tathA unakI vaijJAnika patnI belenTinA ne phoTogrAphI kI eka vizeSa vidhi kA AviSkAra kiyA / usa vidhi dvArA prANiyoM aura paudhoM ke Asa-pAsa hone vAle sUkSma vidyutIya gatividhiyoM kA chAyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaba eka paudhe se tatkAla tor3I gayI pattI kI sUkSma gatividhiyoM kI philma khIMcI gayI to AzcaryakArI dRzya sAmane Aye / pahale citra meM pattI ke cAroM ora sphuliMgoM, jhilamilAhaToM aura spaMdI jyotiyoM ke maMDala dikhAI diye / dasa ghaMTe bAda lie gae chAyA citroM meM ye Aloka-maMDala kSINa hote dikhAI diye| agale dasa ghaMToM ke chAyA - citroM meM ye Aloka-maMDala pUrI taraha kSINa ho cuke / isakA tAtparya hai ki pattI kI taba taka mauta ho cukI thI / the kirtiyAna dampatti ne eka rUgNa pattI kI philma usa vizeSa vidhi se khIMcIM / usameM Aloka-maMDala prAraMbha se hI kama thA / vaha zIghra hI samApta ho gayA / kirliyAna dampatti ne usa vizeSa vidhi dvArA atyaMta nikaTa ke mAnava zarIra ke chAyA citra khiiNce| una chAyA-citroM meM gardana, hRdaya, udara Adi avayavoM para vibhinna raMgoM ke sUkSma dhabbe dikhAI diye / ve una avayavoM se visarjita hone vAlI vidyud UrjAoM ke dyotaka the / lezyA vanaspati ke jIvoM meM bhI hotI hai| pazu-pakSI tathA manuSya meM bhI hotI hai / isalie AbhAmaMDala bhI prANImAtra meM hotA hai /

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54 jaina darzana aura vijJAna __okalTa sAinsa ke vaijJAnikoM ne yaha tathya pragaTa kiyA ki AdamI jaba taka apane zarIra ke viziSTa kendroM ko cumbakIya kSetra nahIM banA letA, elekTro-megneTika phIlDa nahIM banA letA taba taka usameM pAradarzana kI kSamatA nahIM jAga sktii| caitanya-kendroM aura cakroM kI sArI kalpanA kA mUla uddezya hai--zarIra ko vidyuta-cumbakIya kSetra banA lenaa| sahiSNutA aura samabhAva vRddhi ke prayoga upavAsa, Asana, prANayAma, AtApanA, sardI-garmI ko sahane kA abhyAsa-ina sArI prakriyAoM se zarIra ke paramANu vidyuta-cumbakIya kSetra meM badala jAte haiM aura vaha kSetra itanA pAradarzI bana jAtA hai ki usa kSetra se bhItara kI cetanA bAhara jhAMka sakatI hai| ___ Aja ke perAsAikolaoNjisTa TailIpaithI kA prayoga karate haiN| TailIpaithI kA artha hai-vicaar-sNpressnn| eka AdamI kosoM kI dUrI para hai| usase bAta karanI hai kaise ho sakatI hai? Aja to TelIphona aura vAyaralesa kA sAdhana hai| ghara baiThA AdamI hajAroM kosoM para rahane vAle apane vyaktiyoM se bAta kara letA hai| prAcIna kAla meM ye sAdhana nahIM the, to dUra sthita vyaktiyoM se bAta kaise karate the? TailIpaithI zabda bhI nahIM thaa| yaha aMgrejI kA zabda hai| usa samaya vicAroM ko hajAroM kosa dUra bhejanA vicAra-saMpreSaNa kI prakriyA se hotA thaa| jaise eka yogI hai| usakA ziSya pAMca hajAra mIla kI dUrI para hai| yogI use kucha batAnA cAhatA hai, usase bAtacIta karatA cAhatA hai| usa samaya vicAra-saMpreSaNa kI sAdhanA kI jAtI thii| jisase vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna do jAtA thaa| atIndriya jJAna abhI parAmanovijJAna paricitta bodha, dUradRSTi, pUrvAbhAsa tathA bhUtAbhAsa rUpoM meM atIndriya jJAna kI khoja kara rahA hai| para asala meM yaha sArA prAmANya mana ke Asa-pAsa hI ghUma rahA hai| atIndriya jJAna to mana se bhI Upara hai| jJAna kI parAkASThA to ananta kA sparza hai| vaha par3hane-likhane, yaMtroM yA mana:kalpanAoM se prApta nahIM hotaa| usa ananta UrjA kA udghATana to manuSya apane sAdhanA-bala se hI kara sakatA hai| abhI hama ananta kI bAta na bhI kareM to bhI vijJAna ne indriya-bodha kI jo saMbhAvanAyeM vyakta kI haiM ve bhI bahuta AzcaryakArI haiM / vaijJAnikoM kA mAnanA hai ki manuSya ke mastiSka meM itane nyUrona-kanekzana haiM ki una sAroM kI gaNanA kI jAye to eka ke aMka para 803 zUnya lagAne pdd'eNge| isa gaNanA kI gurUtA kA bodha hama isa tathya se acchI taraha se kara sakate haiM ki pUrI pRthvI para paramANuoM kI saMkhyA eka ke aMka para 108 zUnya lagAne jitanI hai| 108 aura 803 ke antara ko sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| manuSya Aja apane mastiSka meM adhika se adhika ATha dasa kharaba nyUrona-kanekzanoM kA upayoga kara rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM kharaboM-kharaboM apAra

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55 adhyAtma aura vijJAna nyUrona-kanekzana niSkriya par3e hai| yadi unakA ThIka se samAyojana kiyA jA sake to manuSya kitanI kSamatA prApta kara sakatA hai, usakI kalpanA hameM sahaja hI ho sakatI hai| (2) prANa-zakti kA AdhyAtmika tathA vaijJAnika mahattva zarIra-zAstra zarIra-zAstrI nAr3iyoM ko jAnatA hai, nAr3I-saMsthAna ko jAnatA hai, graMthiyoM ko jAnatA hai, zarIra ke eka-eka avayava ko jAnatA hai, choTI-se-choTI dhamanI ko jAnatA hai, rakta ke pravAha ko jAnatA hai, rakta saMcAra ko jAnatA hai aura rakta ke dvArA hone vAlI kriyAoM ko jAnatA hai| eka mazIna hai--bahuta vilakSaNa hai| eka sAtha 250 phoTo letI hai zarIra kaa| eksa-re ke sAmane AdamI khar3A hotA hai, eka phoTo AtA hai| usa mazIna se 250 phoTo Ate haiN| aura choTI-se-choTI zirA kA phoTo usameM aMkita ho jAtA hai| eka mazIna aura hai jo rakta kI jitanI kriyAeM, jitane phaMkzana hote haiM, una sAre kAryoM kA vizleSaNa kara detI hai| Aja kA DaoNkTara itanA vilakSaNa kAma karake dikhAtA hai ki jisakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| itanA jAna lene para bhI, samUce zarIra ko cIra-phAr3akara eka-eka avayava sAmane rakha dene para bhI kyA zarIra ke pUre rahasyoM ko jAna liyA gayA? nahIM jAnA jA skaa| Aja ke enoTaoNmI aura phijiolaoNjI ke bar3e-bar3e vidvAn aura marmavattA kahate haiM ki abhI taka mastiSka ke rahasyoM ko nahIM jAnA jA sakA hai| hajAravAM bhAga bhI nahIM jAnA jA sakA hai| laghu mastiSka itane rahasyoM se bharA hai ki usako hama pUrNa rUpa meM abhI taka nahIM jAna pAe haiN| piniyala, picyUTarI glaiNDa ke rahasyoM ko pUrA nahIM jAnA jA sakA hai| nAr3I-taMtra aura graMthi-taMtra meM itane rahasya haiM ki Aja bhI unakA koI patA nahIM cltaa| DaoNkTara loga jAnate haiM, zarIrazAstrI jAnate haiM ki eDrInala graMthi kA adhika srAva hone se uttejanA bar3ha jAegI, gussA bar3ha jAegA, vAsanA bar3ha jAegI aura vRttiyAM ubhara jaaeNgii| isa bAta kA patA hai unako, kintu inake srAva ko kaise niyaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai, piniyala aura picyUTarI ke srAva ko kaise niyaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai, thAirAiDa ke srAva para kaise kaMTrola kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve nahIM jaante| yoga ke AcAryoM ne zarIra ke bAre meM itanI sUkSma khojeM kI thIM, adhyAtma ke AcAryoM ne isa zarIra ko itanI gaharAI ke sAtha par3hA thA ki unhoMne jina rahasyoM kA udghATana kiyA ve rahasya Aja bhI zarIrazAstra ke mAdhyama se udghATita nahIM ho pA rahe haiN| sUkSma kA sAkSAtkAra hama vyakta avasthAoM ko pakar3ate haiM, sthUla rUpAntaraNoM ko jAnate haiN|

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56 jaina darzana aura vijJAna unako hama sthUla bhASA ke mAdhyama se sthUla abhivyakti dete haiM / kintu jaba sUkSma jagat ko jAneM to vahAM kA lekhA-jokhA itanA vicitra hai ki vahAM bhASA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai aura sabhI zabdakozoM ke sAre zabda akarmaNya bana jAte haiM / unako abhivyakti dene vAlA koI zabda prApta nahIM hotA / itanA hone para bhI hama sUkSma jagat kI carcA isalie kara rahe haiM ki hama sUkSma parivartanoM ko jAna sakeM aura sUkSma parivartana kI prakriyA ko pakar3a sakeM / sabase pahale hameM yaha sthUla zarIra dikhAI detA hai / yaha zarIra kevala sthUla padArthoM kA hI piNDa nahIM hai / isa zarIra ke sAtha sUkSma jagat kA ghanA sambandha hai I hama bAhara kI camar3I ko dekhate haiN| hamArA usase sambandha jur3a jAtA hai aura hama vahIM aTaka jAte haiN| yadi koI vyakti camar3I ko yA anya avarodhakoM ko pAra kara bhItara praveza kareM to use jJAta hogA kI bhItara meM sUkSma jagat itanA virAT hai ki jisakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / jitane purAne grantha haiM, unameM sAMketika bhASA bahuta haiM, spaSTa kama haiM / hamane vijJAna ke mAdhyama se jo kucha bAteM samajhI haiM, ve bAteM purAne granthoM ke AdhAra para nahIM samajhI jA sktiiN| phira cAheM vaha pAtaMjala yoga darzana ho yA anya koI yoga kA grantha ho / zarIra ke viSaya meM dhyAnI yogiyoM ne bahuta carcAeM kI haiM, para vartamAna zarIra - zAstrIya carcAoM ke pariprekSya meM ve carcAeM aparyApta-sI lagatI haiM / Aja zarIra-zAstra ne zarIra ke itane tathya anAvRta kie haiM, jinakA anAvaraNa prAcIna kAla meM nahIM huA thA / jaba se jIvANu kA siddhAnta, jIvana aura kromosoma kA siddhAnta, DI. ena. e. Adi rasAyanoM kA siddhAnta sAmane AyA hai, usase sUkSma jagat kI adbhuta parikalpanAeM prastuta huI haiM / pacIsa hajAra jIvANu jJAta kara lie gae haiN| ina jIvANuoM ke 'jIna' ke mAdhyama se vilakSaNa kArya sampanna kie jA sakate haiM / Aja jIvana kI aisI zrRMkhalA jJAta kara lI gaI hai, jisase AdamI ko badalA jA sakatA hai, svabhAva aura jIvana ko badalA jA sakatA hai, nasla ko badalA jA sakatA hai / 'bAyoTekanolaoNjI' aura 'jIna-iMjIniyariMga' ke mAdhyama se nayI-nayI avadhArAeM sAmane lagI haiN| ye jAnakAriyAM prAcIna granthoM meM bahuta kama haiN| yaha eka sarvathA nayA kSetra udghATita huA hai / jIna ke rUpAntaraNa kA artha hotA hai pUre vyaktitva kA rUpAntaraNa / eka jIna badalatA hai aura usa AnuvaMzikI yAMtrikI ke dvArA pUrI jAti kA svabhAva hI badala jAtA hai| yaha parivartana kI bAta sarvathA nayI nahIM hai, kintu usakI vizada vyAkhyA aura vizada jAnakArI Aja hameM upalabdha hai| isase hama adhika lAbhAnvita

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57 adhyAtma aura vijJAna ho sakate haiN| kevala dRSTikoNa kA antara hotA hai| eka zarIrazAstrI aura mAnava zAstrI parivartana kI bAta bhautika sImA ke antargata socatA hai aura eka adhyAtmazAstrI use bhAva-taraMgoM kI sImA meM le jAtA hai| yaha zarIra kucheka rasAyanoM se niSpanna piMDa hai| prAcIna bhASA meM ise saptadhAtumaya mAnA jAtA hai| Aja yaha mAnyatA badala cukI hai| Aja kA zarIrazAstrI zarIra ke dhAtu, lavaNa, kSAra, aura rasAyanoM se banA huA mAnatA hai| isakI prakriyA bahuta jaTila hai, gaharI hai| isa zarIra meM enjAimsa, rasAyana, hAramonsa kAma karate haiM, inakI sakriyatA se AdamI ke vyaktitva kA, bhAva kA aura vicAra kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa parI prakriyA samajhana lene ke bAda sAdhanA kI bAta ThIka samajha meM A jAtI hai| kahanA yaha cAhie ki jisa vyakti ne zarIra ko samajhane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA, vaha na AtmA ko samajha sakatA hai aura na paramAtmA ko samajha sakatA hai| vaha manuSya aura prANI-jagat ke sambandha ko bhI nahIM samajha sktaa| zarIra kI zaktiyoM kA dohana hama zarIra kI zakti ko dohanA nahIM jaante| hamAre zarIra ke bhItara kitanI bar3I zaktiyAM haiM! eka AdamI ko kahA jAe tuma eka Asana meM tIna ghaMTe baiTha jaao| are! kaise baiThA jA sakatA hai, kabhI nahIM baiThA jA sktaa| zarIra ke bhItara itanI tAkata hai ki tIna ghaMTe nahI tIna mahIne taka eka sthAna para baiThA jA sakatA hai| hama apanI zakti kA upayoga karanA nahIM jaante| hameM apanI zakti para bharosA nahIM hai| hameM apanI zakti kA jJAna nahIM haiN| maine dekhA, do varSa pahale eka zivira thaa| eka bhAI haidarAbAda se aayaa| vaha yuvaka thA, par3hA-likhA thaa| usane kahA-maiM dhyAna to kara sakatA hUM, para merI kaThinAI yaha hai ki AdhA ghaMTA bhI eka Asana meM nahIM baiTha sktaa| maiMne kahA-ciMtA mata kro| pAMca-cAra dina biite| zivira kA chaThA dina, caitanya kendroM kA dhyAna kiyA gyaa| darzana kendra para dhyAna TikA, gaharAI AyI, AdhA ghaMTA bItA, eka ghaMTA bItA, do ghaMTe bIte gaye, use patA hI nahIM ki kahAM baiThA hUM, kaba baiThA huuN| dezAtIta, kAlAtIta aura zarIrAtIta bana gyaa| patA hI nahIM claa| ye do ghaMTe bIta jAne ke bAda eka bhAI ne Akara mujhe kahA, vaha to vaisA-kA-vaisA baiThA hai| maiM gayA aura jAkara usako saMbodhita kiyA taba akasmAt jaise vaha koI nIMda se jAgA ho, uThA aura Akara paira pakar3a lie| usane kahA-maiM to Aja isa sthiti meM calA gayA ki duniyA kyA hai aura maiM kauna hUM, kucha bhI bhAna nahIM rhaa| apUrva sthiti bnii| Anandamaya, kevala aanndmy| hamArI zakti asIma hai, yadi usakA upayoga karanA jaaneN| hamAre zarIra

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58 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM zakti ke tIna sthAna hai-gudA, nAbhi aura kNtth| eka nIce, eka bIca meM aura eka uupr| nIce kA loka, madhya kA loka aura Upara kA lok| ye tIna hamAre zakti ke kendra haiN| hotA yaha hai ki zakti Upara se nIce ko A rahI hai| jabaki honA yaha cAhie kI zakti nIce se Upara kI ora jaae| AcAryoM ne, tIrthaMkaroM ne kahA ki indriyoM ke viSayoM ke prati Asakta mata bno| kyA unheM koI dveSa thA? kyA ghRNA thI? kyA koI burA lagatA thA? bhalA khAnA kisako acchA nahIM lagatA! indriyoM ke sAre viSaya bahuta acche lagate haiM, kisI ko bure nahIM lgte| kintu unhoMne dekhA ki ina indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hamArI bar3I-se-bar3I zakti nIce ke srota se bAhara jA rahI hai aura AdamI zakti se khAlI ho rahA hai aura zakti-zUnya hokara eka pratAr3anA kA jIvana jI rahA hai| isalie unhoMne kahA ki saMyama kro| Aja saMyama ko zAyada loga mAna baiThe hai ki yaha damana hai, niyaMtraNa hai| Aja kA manovaijJAnika kahatA hai ki damana nahIM honA caahie| Aja kA prabuddha AdamI kahatA hai ki niyaMtraNa kI koI jarUrata nhiiN| acchI bAta hai, damana kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai| niyaMtraNa kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai| kucha bhI Avazyaka nahIM to kyA hama eka aise daravAje ko khola deM, aisI khir3akI khola deM, jisameM se bhItara meM simaTI huI sArI zakti bAhara calI jAe? mujhe lagatA hai, yadi hama bhItara ke mahattva ko samajha pAte, zarIra kA mUlya kara pAte to yaha nahIM hotA ki nIce kA nAlA to khulA rahe aura Upara kA nAlA banda ho jaae| do srota haiM hamAre zarIra meM / zakti aura AkarSaNa ke ye do kendra haiN| eka hai kAma kI zakti aura dUsarI hai jJAna kI zakti / jJAna kI zakti Upara rahatI hai kAma kI zakti nIce rahatI hai| nIce ke srota meM kAmanAeM, vAsanAeM, icchAeM, hiMsA, asatya, corI kI bhAvanA-ye sArI vRttiyAM paidA hotI haiN| eka hai jJAna kA kendra hamAre sira meM, jahAM sArI nimna vRttiyAM samApta ho jAtI haiN| cetanA kA vikAsa; jJAna kA vikAsa, buddhi kA vikAsa, udAratA, paramArtha-yaha mahAn cetanA jahAM paidA hotI hai, vaha hai Upara kA kendr-sir| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI thI ki hama zarIra kA mUlyAMkana karate aura nIce kI zakti ko Upara kI zakti ke sAtha milAkara mahAn banA dete| kiMtu aisA nahI huaa| hamAre zarIra meM bijalI hai| bijalI nahIM hotI hai to AdamI zUnya-sA ho jAtA hai| zarIra nikammA, indriyAM nikammI, buddhi nikammI, saba kucha nikammA-sA bana jAtA hai| bijalI thor3I hotI hai taba TimaTimAtA hai diip| aura jaba bijalI zarIra me pUrI hotI hai to AdamI jagamagAne laga jAtA hai| hamAre zarIra kI vidyut, hamArI prANa-UrjA jitanI zaktizAlI banatI hai, utanA zaktizAlI banatA hai hamArA jiivn| zarIra kA AdhyAtmika mUlyAMkana hai usa

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59 adhyAtma aura vijJAna UrjA kA surakSA karanA, UrjA kA vikasita karanA aura UrjA ke srota ko mor3akara nIce se Upara kI ora le jaanaa| sAdhanA kI samUcI paddhati, adhyAtma kA samUcA mArga UrjA ke UrvIkaraNa kA mArga hai| __ zarIra bahuta mUlyAvAn hai| mAMsapeziyoM kA bhI AdhyAtmika mUlya hai| rakta, nAr3I-saMsthAna aura granthiyoM kA bhI AdhyAtmika mUlya hai| Upara kA srota khulatA hai to prANazakti kA praveza hotA hai aura nIce kA srota khulA rahatA hai to prANazakti kA nirgamana hotA hai, bijalI bAhara jAtI hai aura AdamI zaktizUnya ho jAtA hai| adhyAtma-vijJAna meM zarIra kA mahattva jo isa sthUla zarIra se pare hai, vaha indriyoM kA viSaya nahIM hai| vaha indriyoM se nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| kintu hamAre zarIra meM kucha aise tattva haiM, jinake viSaya meM ciMtana aura anubhava karate-karate hama apanI buddhi aura cidazakti ke dvArA indriyoM kI sImA se pare jAkara sUkSma zarIra kI sImA meM praviSTa ho sakate haiN| unameM eka tattva hai prANa-vidyut / agnidIpana, pAcana, zarIra kA sauSThava aura lAvaNya, oja-ye jitanI Agneya kriyAeM haiM, ye sArI sapta dhAtumaya isa zarIra kI kriyAeM nahIM hai| isa sthUla zarIra ke bhItara teja kA eka zarIra aura hai, vaha hai vidyut zarIra taijas shriir| vaha sUkSma zarIra hai| vahI isa sthUla zarIra kI sArI kriyAoM kA saMcAlana karatA hai| usa sUkSma zarIra meM se vidyut kA pravAha A rahA hai aura usa vidyut pravAha se saba kucha saMcAlita ho rahA hai| usa sUkSma zarIra ko prANa zarIra bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha zarIra kA prANa kA vikiraNa karatA hai aura usI prANa-zakti se kriyAzIlatA AtI hai| zvAsa, mana, indriyAM, bhASA, AhAra aura vicAra-ye saba prANa-zakti ke RNI haiN| usase hI ye saba saMcalita hote haiM, kriyAzIla hote haiN| prANazakti taijasa zarIra se ni:sRta hai| __isI saMdarbha meM eka prazna aura hotA hai ki vaha taijasa zarIra kisake dvArA saMcAlita hai? vaha prANadhArA ko pravAhita apane Apa kara rahA hai yA kisI ke dvArA prerita hokara kara rahA hai? yadi apane Apa kara rahA hai to taijasa zarIra jaisA manuSya meM hai vaisA pazu meM bhI hai, pakSiyoM meM bhI hai aura choTe-se-choTe prANI meM bhI hai| eka bhI prANI aisA nahIM hai, jisameM taijasa zarIra, sUkSma zarIra na ho| vanaspati meM bhI taijasa zarIra hai, prANa-vidyut hai| vanaspati meM bhI orA hotA hai| AbhAmaMDala hotA hai| vaha AbhAmaMDala isa sthUla zarIra se niSpanna nahIM hai| AbhAmaMDala (orA) usa sUkSma zarIra-taijasa zarIra kA vikiraNa hai| prazna hotA hai, yaha razmiyoM kA vikiraNa kyoM hotA hai? yadi taijasa zarIra kA kArya kevala vikiraNa karanA hI ho to manuSya itanA jJAnI, itanA

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60 jaina darzana aura vijJAna zaktizAlI aura itanA vikasita tathA eka anya prANI itanA avikasita kyoM? yaha saba taijasa zarIra kA kArya nahIM hai| taijasa zarIra ke pIche bhI eka preraNA hai sukSmatara zarIra kii| vaha sUkSmatara zarIra hai krm-shriir| jisa prakAra ke hamAre arjita karma aura saMskAra hote haiM, unakA jaisa-spaMdana hotA hai, una spaMdanoM se spaMdita hokara taijasa zarIra apanA vikiraNa karatA hai| taijasa zarIra jisa prakAra kI prANadhArA pravAhita karatA hai, vaisI pravRti sthUla zarIra meM ho jAtI hai| tIna zarIroM kI eka zrRMkhalA hai-sthUla zarIra, sUkSma zarIra aura sUkSmatara zarIra / sthUla zarIra yaha dRzya zarIra hai| sUkSma zarIra hai taijasa zarIra aura sUkSmatara zarIra hai| karma-zarIra, kArmaNa shriir| prANI kI mUlabhUta upalabdhiyAM tIna haiM-cetanA (jJAna), zakti aura Ananda / cetanA kA tAratamya-avikAsa aura vikAsa, zakti kA tAratamya- avikAsa aura vikAsa, Ananda kA tAratamya-avikAsa aura vikAsa-yaha sArA ina zarIroM ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| kuMDalinI: svarUpa aura jAgaraNa kuMDalinI-jAgaraNa kA prazna zarIroM ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| tIna zarIroM se jo madhya kA zarIra hai, taijasa zarIra (sUkSma zarIra), usakI eka kriyA kA nAma hai tijAlabdhi' / haThayoga taMtra meM ise 'kuMDalinI' kahA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM ise 'citzakti' kahA jAtA hai| jaina sAdhanA-paddhati meM ise tijolabdhi' kahA jAtA hai| nAma kA antara hai| kuMDalinI ke aneka nAma haiN| haThayoga meM isake paryAyavAcI nAma tIsa ginAe gae haiN| unameM eka nAma hai 'mahApatha' / jaina sAhitya meM 'mahapatha' kA prayoga milatA hai| kuMDalinI ke aneka nAma haiN| bhinna-bhinna sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM meM yaha bhinna-bhinna nAma se pahacAnI gayI hai| yadi isake svarUpa-varNana meM kI gayI atizayoktiyoM ko haTAkara isakA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa kiyA jAe to itanA hI phalita nikalegA ki yaha hamArI viziSTa prANazakti hai| prANazakti kA vizeSa vikAsa hI kuMDalinI kA jAgaraNa hai| prANazakti ke atirikta, taijasa zarIra ke vikiraNoM ke atirikta kuMDalinI kA astitva vaijJAnika DhaMga se siddha nahIM ho sktaa| unake prayAsa meM kuMDalinI kA astitva pramANita hotA hai, para hotA hai vaha sAmAnya zakti ke visphoTa ke rUpa meN| vaha kucha aisA AzcaryakArI tathya nahIM hai jise amuka yogI hI prApta kara sakate haiM yA jise amuka-amuka yogiyoM ne hI prApta kiyA hai| yaha sAdhAraNa hai| koI bhI prANI aisA nahIM hai, jisakI kuMDalinI jAgRta na ho| vanaspati ke jIvoM kI bhI kuMDalinI jAgRta hai| hara prANI kI kuMDalinI jAgRta hotI hai| yadi vaha jAgRta na ho to vaha cetana prANI nahIM ho sktaa| vaha acetana hotA hai| jaina Agama granthoM meM kahA gayA--caitanya (kuMDalinI) kA anantavAM bhAga sadA jAgRta rahatA hai| yadi yaha bhAga bhI ___

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna AvRtta ho jAe to jIva ajIva bana jAe, cetana acetana ho jaae| cetana aura acetana ke bIca yahI to eka bheda-rekhA hai| pratyeka prANI kI kuMDalinI yAnI taijasa zakti jAgRta rahatI hai| aMtara hotA hai mAtrA kaa| koI vyakti viziSTa sAdhanA ke dvArA apanI isa taijasa zakti ko vikasita kara letA hai aura kisI vyakti ko anAyAsa hI guru kA AzIrvAda mila jAtA hai to sAdhanA meM tIvratA AtI hai aura kuMDalinI kA adhika vikAsa ho jAtA hai| vaha anubhava AgAmI yAtrA meM sahayogI bana sakatA hai| banatA hai yaha jarUrI nahIM hai| guru kI kRpA hI kyoM, maiM mAnatA hUM ki jisa vyakti kA taijasa zarIra jAgRta hai, usa vyakti ke sAnidhya meM jAne se bhI dUsare vyakti kI kuMDalinI ko (taijasa zarIra ko) uttejanA mila jAtI hai aura vaha arddhajAgRta kuMDalinI pUrNa jAgRta ho jAtI hai| prazna hai vidyut-pravAhoM kaa| 'ka' aura 'kha' do vyakti haiN| 'ka' ke vidyuta-pravAha bahuta sakriya hai| 'kha' ke vidyuta pravAha kamajora haiN| yadi 'kha' 'ka' ke pAsa jAtA hai to 'ka' ke vidyuta pravAha 'kha' ko prabhAvita kareMge usameM eka prakAra ke vidyuta spaMdana paidA ho jaaeNge| guru-kRpA kA tAtparya hai usa vyakti kA sAnnidhya jisakA taijasa jAgRta hai| guru kA artha paramparAgata guru se nahIM hai| jisa vyakti kI taijasa zakti vikasita hai, usake pAsa jAne se, usake AzIrvAda prApta karane se, usake hAthoM kA mastiSka para sparza prApta hone se yA pRSTharajju para usakA sparza milane se kuMDalinI-zakti ko jagAne meM sahayoga milatA hai| usako anubhava hone laga jAtA hai| vaha kSaNika anubhava vidyuta-jAgaraNa jaisA hotA hai| guru-kRpA se milane vAlA yaha kSaNika anubhava yA jAgaraNa kSaNika hI hotA hai, sthAyI nahIM hotaa| eka kSaNa meM apUrva anubhava huA aura dUsare kSaNa meM vaha samApta ho gyaa| ilaikTroDa lagAne se kSaNika anubhava hotA hai aura se haTA dene se vaha anubhava bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| vaisA hI yaha anubhava hotA hai| antata: kuMDalinI kA jAgaraNa sAdhaka ko svayaM hI karanA par3atA hai| use prayAsa karanA hotA hai| guru-kRpA kA itanA-sA lAbha hotA hai ki eka bAra jaba anubhava ho jAtA hai, phira cAhe vaha anubhava kSaNika hI kyoM na ho, vaha Age ke anubhava ko jagAne ke lie preraka bana jAtA haiN| kuMDalinI-jAgaraNa ke mArga prekSAdhyAna se kuMDalinI jAga sakatI hai| usako jagAne ke aura bhI aneka mArga haiM, aneka upAya haiN| saMgIta ke mAdhyama se bhI use jagAyA jA sakatA hai| saMgIta eka sazakta mAdhyama hai kuMDalinI ke jAgaraNa kaa| vyAyAma aura tapasyA se bhI vaha jAga jAtI hai| bhakti, prANAyama, vyAyAma, upavAsa, saMgIta, dhyAna Adi aneka sAdhana For D

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna haiM, jinake mAdhyama se kuMDalinI jAgatI hai| aisA bhI hotA hai ki pUrva saMskAroM kI prabalatA se bhI kuMDalinI jAgRta ho jAtI hai aura yaha akAsmika hotA hai| vyakti kucha bhI prayatna yA sAdhanA nahIM kara rahA hai, para eka dina use lagatA hai ki usakI prANAzakti jAga gyii| isalie koI niyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA ki amuka ke dvArA hI kuMDalinI jAgatI hai aura amuka ke dvArA nahIM jaagtii| kabhI-kabhI aisA hotA hai ki vyakti girA, mastiSka para gaharA AghAta lagA aura kuMDalinI jAga gyii| usakI atIndriya cetanA jAga gyii| kuMDalinI ke jagAne ke aneka kAraNa hai| auSadhiyoM ke dvArA bhI kuMDalinI jAgRta hotI hai| amuka-amuka vanaspatiyoM ke prayoga se kuMDalinI ke jAgaraNa meM sahayoga milatA hai| tibbata meM tIsare netra kA udghATana meM vanaspatiyoM kA prayoga bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| pahale zalyakriyA karate, phira vanauSadhiyoM kA prayoga karate the| auSadhiyoM kA mahattva sabhI paramparAoM me mAnya rahA hai| prasiddha sUkta hai-acintyo maNimaMtrauSadhInAM prabhAva:- maNiyoM, maMtroM aura auSadhiyoM kA prabhAva acintya hotA hai| maMtroM ke dvArA bhI kuMDalinI ko jagAyA jA sakatA hai| vividha maNiyoM, ratnoM ke vikiraNoM ke dvArA aura auSadhiyoM ke dvArA bhI use jAgRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prANa-zakti kI vidyuta kA camatkAra eka aMgalI hilatI hai| kitanA bar3A camatkAra hai eka aMgulI kA hilanA, kiMtu ise camatkAra mAnate hI nahIM haiN| kyoMki yaha becArI roja hilatI hai| agara kabhI-kabhI hilatI to yaha bhI bar3A camatkAra hotaa| ise koI camatkAra nahIM mAnate, kiMtu jAnane vAle jAnate hai ki eka aMgulI ko hilAne ke lie kitane bar3e taMtra kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| itanA bar3A taMtra zAyada sarakAra kA bhI nahIM hai| pahale socate haiM, mastiSka ke jJAnataMtu sakriya hote haiM, aura phira ve kriyAvAhI taMtuoM ko nirdeza dete haiN| vaha nirdeza vahAM taka pahuMcatA hai to aMgulI hilatI hai| bahuta choTI-sI bAta hai, maiMne thor3e meM, eka minaTa meM kaha dii| para prakriyA itanI bar3I hai ki karane baiThe to hajAroM hajAroM karmacArI bhI jIvana meM pUrI nahIM kara skte| mastiSka kI racanA bahuta vicitra hai| koI vaijJAnika hamAre mastiSka jaise sUkSma avayavoM kA kampyUTara banAnA cAhe to Aja kI pUrI pRthvI bhara jAe-isase bhI zAyada jyAdA bar3A hogaa| eka aMgulI ke hilane meM kitanI kriyA hotI hai, hama samajha hI nahIM paate| kAyotsarga kA mUlya samajha meM nahIM AtA kintu jo zarIra kI kriyA jo jAnatA hai, vaha vyakti samajha sakatA hai ki kAyotsarga kitanA mUlyavAn hai? kAyagupti kA kitanA mUlya hai? zarIra ko sthira karane kA kitanA mUlya hai? hama isako isa saMdarbha meM samajheM ki eka aMgalI hilatI hai, isakA matalaba hai mana kI zakti kharca hotI hai, citta kI zakti kharca hotI hai aura pUre zarIra meM jo kAma karane vAlI vidyut

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna hai, UrjA hai, prANazakti hai, vaha kharca hotI hai| kAyotsarga karane kA artha hotA hai ki bijalI kharca nahIM hotI, mana kI zakti kharca nahIM hotI, zarIra kI zakti evaM mastiSka kI zakti kharca nahIM hotI saba bhaMDAra meM rijarva raha jAtI hai| bahuta bAra aisA hotA hai ki balba lage rahate haiM kintu prakAza gAyaba ho jAtA hai| hama zarIra ko dekhate haiM, zarIra kI bhI yahI hAlata hai| zarIra par3A hai, AkheM, kAna nAka pUre ke pUre avayava haiM, kintu bijalI gAyaba ho gii| par3hA hogA Apane, kucha ghaTanAeM aisI hotI haiM ki cittA meM jalAne ke lie zava ko liTA diyA, vaha bIca meM hI khar3A ho gyaa| posTamArTama ke lie rogI ko sulAyA gayA aura DaoNkTara posTamArTama karane baitthaa| astra lagA, vaha khar3A ho gyaa| Apako Azcarya hogA ki yaha kaise ho sakatA hai? bilalI gAyaba ho gaI thI, phira koI aisA baTana dabA, bijalI A gaI aura vaha jI gyaa| logoM ne samajha liyA ki yaha to bhUta ho gyaa| yaha bahuta bar3A camatkAra hai hamAre prANa zakti kaa| AMkha meM dekhane kI tAkata nahIM, kAna meM sunane kI zakti nahIM, jIbha meM rasAsvAda kI anubhUti nahIM yaha saba jo karatA hai, bharatA hai zakti ko, vaha hai prANa / eka prANa kA prakAza AtA hai, saba apanA-apanA kAma karane laga jAte haiN| mUla prazna hai prANa kaa| prANa sabase bar3A camatkAra hai| duniyA meM jitane camatkAra hote haiM ve saba prANa ke dvArA hote haiN| yadi prANa kI zakti na ho to duniyA meM koI camatkAra nhiiN| Aja vidyut kA yuga hai, vaijJAnika yuga hai| kahanA cAhie vidyut hai isalie vijJAna hai| saba kucha cala rahA hai bijalI ke AdhAra para / vAstava meM vidyut kA yuga hai| itane bar3e camatkAra Aja kI duniyA meM calate haiM ki kamarA banda hai, AdamI aayaa| jaisI hI kamare meM paira rakhA, daravAjA apane Apa khula jAtA hai| jaise hI bhItara gayA, kursI para baiThA, paMkhA apane Apa calane laga gyaa| koI baTana dabAne kI jarUrata nhiiN| balba jala utthaa| yaha to Aja kI bAta hai| IsavI san 2000 ke bAda aisA hogA ki AdamI bhojana kI Tebala para jAkara baiThegA, apane Apa bhojana A jaaegaa| khA liyA, hAtha apane Apa dhula jAeMge, rUmAla A jAegA, kucha bhI karane kI jarUrata nhiiN| basa pacAnA pdd'egaa| bAkI sArA hogA bijalI ke dvaaraa| hama itane nikaTa haiM aura hamArI prANazakti, prANa-vidyuta itanI nikaTa hai ki hama sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kara paate| eka avayava meM se bijalI calI jAe, prANa sikur3a jAe, taba patA calatA hai ki kyA hotA hai? yaha lakavA kyA hai? prANa zakti sikar3a gaI, prANazakti calI gaI to lakavA ho gyaa| bijalI calI gaI, basa! lakavA jaba pUre zarIra para ho jAtA hai, vyakti sArA niyaMtraNa kho baiThatA hai| vyakti binA matalaba ro detA hai, binA matalaba haMsatA hai, zarIra kAma nahIM krtaa| eka prakAra se mRta ke bhAMti

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64 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bana jAtA hai| itanA hI nahIM yaha to kevala bAhya vyaktitva kI carcA hai| bhItara ke vyaktitva kI carcA kareM to lagatA hai ki prANazakti aura vidyut eka bahuta bar3A camatkAra hai| eka vyakti bahuta acchA hai aura eka vyakti bahuta bar3A gussaila hai| eka vyakti itanA sahanazIla hai ki hara bAta sahana kara letA hai| eka vyakti ImAnadAra hai to dUsarA bar3A beImAna hai| yaha sArA kyoM hotA hai? yaha prANazakti kA khela hai| prANazakti ke itane dAMva-peca haiM ki vaha sAre anubhava karAtI hai| hameM sukha kA anubhava bhI bijalI se hotA hai aura du:kha kA anubhava bijalI se hotA hai| manuSya rAjI bhI bijalI se hotA hai aura nArAja bhI bijalI se hotA hai| vAsanA se lipta bhI bijalI se hotA hai aura vAsanA se mukta bhI bijalI se hotA hai| yadi hamArI bhItara kI sArI vidyat kI gatividhiyoM ko, pravRtiyoM ko hama jAna leM aura unakA ThIka niyojana karanA jAna jAeM to bahuta sArI samasyAeM hala ho jAtI hai| sAdhanA kA artha hai-apanI prANa-vidyut ko jAna lenA aura usakA sahI upayoga krnaa| vijJAna kI bhASA meM eDrInala granthi vikRta ho gaI, AdamI cora bana gayA, aparAdhI bana gyaa| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki jJAna aura vidyut donoM sAtha-sAtha rheN| jJAna Upara rahatA hai aura bijalI nIce rahatI hai to jJAna bhI lajjita hotA hai aura AdamI aparAdhI bana jAtA hai| jJAna kA mUlya tabhI hai ki jJAna aura prANa-donoM sAtha raheM, jJAna aura prANa kA yoga barAbara banA rhe| prazna hai isa vidyut ko kaise badalA jAe? dharma kI pUrI prakriyA, sAdhanA kI pUrI prakriyA, adhyAtmavAda, rahasyavAda-sAre usa bijalI ke badalane kI paddhati batalAte hai| kaise badalA jAe? kisa prakAra badalA jAe? kisa prakAra kA AcAra, kisa prakAra kA vyavahAra, kisa prakAra kA cintana, kisa prakAra kA darzana ho, jisase vaha bijalI, prANa-dhArA badale aura prANa-dhArA cetanA ke jAgaraNa meM sahayogI bane-ye saba jJAtavya haiN| ___pAMcoM indriyoM kI zaktiyAM, bolane kI zakti, socane kI zakti, calane-phirane kI zakti, zvAsa lene kI zakti aura jIne kI zakti-ye sArI zaktiyAM eka hI zakti ke vibhinna rUpa haiN| mUlata: eka hai-praannshkti| yadi zakti nahIM hai to cetanA kA upayoga nahIM hotaa| sukha-dukha kA anubhava to vAstava meM zakti kA anubhava hai, bijalI kA hI anubhava hai| hamArI prANazakti, jo nirantara hamAre jIvana ko saMcAlita karatI hai, vaha paidA hotI hai aura khapatI rahatI hai| hara kozikA bijalI ko paidA karatI hai aura kAma calAtI hai|

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna jJAnI, jise paribhASA meM caturdazapUrvI kahA jAtA hai, vaha 48 minaTa ke bhItara itanI bar3I jJAna rAzi kA arjana kara letA hai, jisakI hama kalpanA nahIM kara skte| ve itanI bar3I jJAna-rAzi kA kevala kucha minaToM meM punarAvartana kara lete haiN| prANazakti kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa aisA saMbhava ho sakatA hai| prANa kI zakti jaise-jaise sUkSma hotI hai, usakI zakti bar3hatI jAtI hai| jo gaNita eka AdamI apane pUre jIvana meM kara sakatA vaha gaNita kampyUTara kucha kSaNoM meM kara letA hai| caturdazapUrvI to bar3A kampyUTara hai| sabako itanA jaldI doharA letA hai ki hara AdamI to kara hI nahIM sktaa| vaha prANazakti ko itanA vikasita kara letA hai ki usameM apUrva zakti paidA ho jAtI hai| prANa-zakti jaise-jaise sUkSma hotI calI jAtI hai vaise-vaise usakI kSamatA aura kAryazakti bhI bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| dhyAna kI sAdhanA prANazakti ko sUkSma karane kI sAdhanA hai| zvAsa kI saMkhyA jitanI bar3hatI hai. zakti utanI hI kharca hotI calI jAtI hai| zvAsa kI saMkhyA jitanI kama hotI hai| utanI hI zakti bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| dhyAna karane vAlA vyakti, mahAprANa kI sAdhanA karane vAlA vyakti zvAsa ko sUkSma karatA calA jAtA hai| eka minaTa meM 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1 / eka minaTa meM eka zvAsa aura do minaTa meM eka zvAsa calatA cle| calate-calate yaha sthiti AegI ki pandraha dinoM meM eka zvAsa, eka mahine meM eka shvaas| mUla bAta hai zakti kA bhaMDAra honA cAhie, zakti kA saMcaya honA caahie| jo prANa kI sAdhanA ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha zakti kA saMgraha nahIM kara sktaa| zakti AtI hai aura cuka jAtI hai, saMcaya kabhI hotA hI nhiiN| zakti-saMcaya kI bAta ko ahiMsA ke pariprekSya meM bhI soceN| ahiMsA prANazakti kA AdhyAtmikIkaraNa hai| agara ahiMsA nahIM hai to vyakti zaktizAlI kaise banegA? ahiMsA nahIM hai to jo zakti AyI vaha hiMsA ke dvArA kharca ho jaaegii| hiMsaka vyakti socatA hai ki dUsare kI zakti ko kharca kara dUM, kintu usakI apanI zakti cuka jAtI hai| dUsare kI niMdA karane vAlA, cugalI karane vAlA, IrSyA karane vAlA, jalane vAlA, mana meM dAha rakhane vAlA vyakti apanI zakti ke bhaMDAra ko vikasita nahIM kara sktaa| dUsaroM ke prati bure vicAra rakhane vAlA koI bhI apanI apanI zakti ke saMgraha ko bar3hA nahIM sktaa| ye sAre zakti ke cukane ke kAraNa haiM, na hone ke kAraNa haiN| ahiMsA isalie jarUrI hai ki usase hamAre vyaktitva kA vikAsa hotA hai| abrahmacarya ke dvArA samApta hotI hai| brahmacarya kA upadeza isalie diyA gayA ki vyakti kI zakti kharca na ho| zakti kA arjana aura zakti kA visarjana

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna bhI calatA rhe| yaha kaise ho? arjana aura visarjana ke bIca tIsarI bAta hotI hai surakSA kI, rakSaNa kI, saMrakSaNa kii| brahmacarya kA siddhAMta isIlie pratipAdita kiyA ki vyakti zakti ko kharca na kre| kucha loga bahuta ulajha jAte haiN| Aja ke DaoNkTara bhI ulajha jAte haiN| ve kahate haiM-vIrya kA koI mUlya nahIM hamArI dRSTi meN| vIrya kA mUlya nahIM hogA unakI dRSTi meM, unhoMne usakA rAsAyanika vizleSaNa kiyA hogaa| kintu isa bAta kA to mUlya hai ki pratyeka abrahmacarya kI ghaTanA ke sAtha bijalI bhI kharca hotI hai| bijalI bAhara jAtI hai, bijalI kharca hotI hai aura AdamI bijalI se zUnya hotA ____ sabase bar3I surakSA karanI hai-prANa-vidyut kii| hamArI bijalI kama kharca ho, usakA saMgraha kara sakeM, usakA sahI dizAoM meM prayoga kara skeN| vidyut ke binA cetanA ke kendroM ko sakriya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura cetanA ke kendroM ko sakriya kie binA koI bhI viziSTatA prApta nahIM kI jA sktii| prANa kI UrjA ko saMgrahIta karanA aura usa UrjA kA AdhyAtmikIkaraNa karanA, yaha apekSita hai| AdhyAtmikIkaraNa kA artha hai-nIce ke kendroM meM UrjA kA na rakhanA, usa UrjA ko Upara ke kendroM meM le jaanaa| yaha AdhyAtmikIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai| UrjA ke U:karaNa ke do mukhya sAdhana hai : 1. zvAsa lene kI samucita prakriyA kA abhyaas| 2. citta ko lambe samaya taka eka bindu para TikAe rakhane kA abhyaas| jo sAMsa lenA ThIka DhaMga se nahIM jAnatA, vaha prANa ko vikasita nahIM kara sktaa| prANa kI zakti sAMsa ke sAtha nathunoM ke dvArA hI bAhara AtI hai| jo sAMsa ko ThIka lenA nahIM jAnatA, vaha prANa kA saMgraha kara nahIM sktaa| jisa vyakti ne mana ko ekAgra karanA sIkha liyA, zvAsa kA saMyama karanA sIkha liyA, vaha phira jahAM cAhe vahAM prANa-UrjA kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| koI sAdhaka cAhe ki bhRkuTi ke bIca prANa-UrjA ko TikAnA hai to usakA mana bhI Tika jAegA, prANa-UrjA bhI Tika jAegI aura vahAM pUrI prakriyA zurU ho jAegI, apane Apa vahAM kA caitanya-kendra sakriya ho jaaegaa| prANa kI prakriyA, prANa-UrjA ke vikAsa kI prakriyA, prANa kA AdhyAtmikIkaraNa, bijalI ko AdhyAtmika banA denA, yaha sAdhanA kA rahasya hai| jisa dina prANa ko AdhyAtmika banAne kI prakriyA hamArI samajha meM A jAegI, hama usakA abhyAsa zurU kareMge, prANazakti kA saMgraha zurU kareMge aura usakA jIvana urdhvagamana meM,

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna UMce-UMce sthAnoM ke vikAsa meM upayoga kareMge, nAbhi se Upara ke kendroM ko vikasita karane meM usa zakti ko lagAeMge to eka anupama Ananda, nirmala cetanA, zaktizAlI prajJA hamAre vyaktitva meM jAgegI aura aise vyaktitva taiyAra hoMge jinakI Aja ke isa kalaha-pradhAna, krodha-pradhAna, adhairya-pradhAna mAnavIya sabhyatA meM sabase jyAdA apekSA __Aja ke yuga meM nirantara hiMsA, mAra-kATa, hatyAeM, AtmahatyAeM aura nAnA aparAdhoM kA vikAsa ho rahA hai, nIMda kama hotI jA rahI hai, smaraNa-zakti kama hotI jA rahI hai, AMtarika zaktiyAM aura sahiSNutA kI zakti kama hotI jA rahI hai, dhairya kA lopa hotA rahA hai| isa prakAra ke yuga meM yadi samasyAoM kA samAdhAna pAnA hai to prANazakti kA vikAsa aura usakA AdhyAtmikIkaraNa hamAre lie nitAMta anivArya hai| (3) AdhyAtmika vaijJAnika vyaktitva kA nirmANa zraddhA aura tarka, nayA aura purAnA, adhyAtma aura vijJAna, pUrva aura pazcima-ye bahata sAre dvandva haiN| jIvana ke lie donoM kI hI upayogitA hai| kahIM yadi zraddhA hotI hai aura itanI pragAr3ha hotI hai ki tarka becArA vivaza ho jAtA hai| 'nayA' jIvana para hAvI hotA hai to isa taraha se hotA hai ki AdamI purAne' se bilakula TUTa jAtA hai| 'vijJAna' AdamI ke najadIka hotA hai to 'adhyAtma' AdamI se bahuta dUra ho jAtA hai| 'pUrva' eka chora para hotA hai to 'pazcima' dUsare chora para hotA hai| donoM meM eka alaMdhya phAsalA dikhAI detA hai| adhyAtma svayaM eka vijJAna isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki adhyAtma eka anuttara vijJAna hai aura vaha jIvana ko Ananda pradAna karatA hai| para isameM bhI koI sandeha nahIM ki vijJAna bhI satya kI khoja kA eka mArga hai aura Dhera sArI suvidhAeM pradAna karatA hai| pUrNa rUpa se adhyAtma meM jIne vAle vyakti ke lie apane ApameM hI vaha mila jAtA hai| use vijJAna ke sAmane apanA bhikSA-pAtra phailAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| vijJAna ke tAne-bAne meM bune jAne vAle vastra meM jIvana ko amApya UMcAiyAM dene kI kSamatA hai| para Aja kaThinAI yahI hai ki adhyAtma jahAM UparI kriyAkAMDoM se ulajha gayA hai, vahAM vijJAna kevala bhautika pravRtiyoM se pratibaddha ho gayA hai| ___vaijJAnika yuga meM vaijJAnika dRSTi apekSita hai| zAMtipUrNa jIvana ke lie AdhyAtmikatA bhI anivArya hai| AdhyAtmikatA + vaijJAnikatA - AdhyAtmika vaijJAnika vyktitv|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna vijJAna se manuSya ne itanA sAmarthya arjita kiyA hai ki usase pUrI dharatI para sukha kI phasala ugAI jA sakatI hai| para Aja to vahI duniyA kA sabase bar3A siradarda bana rahA hai| bhale hI zastrAstroM kA yuddha stara para upayoga karane meM rAjanaitika svArtha mukhya mohare banate hoM, para vijJAna yadi rAjanIti ke hAthoM meM nahIM khelatA to vaha vinAza kA sarjana-hAra nahIM bntaa| aba bhI samaya hai ki AdamI sNbhle| adhyAtma ke saMbhalane kA artha hai likhe-likhAe zabdoM kI lIka para calane se pUrva una para prAyogika parIkSA kreN| prekSAdhyAna vijJAna ke prakAza meM yoga ko prAyogika svarUpa pradAna kara rahA hai jo Aja ke cikitsA-zAstra ko bhI mAnya ho rahA hai| sAmAnyatayA janabhAvanA meM adhyAtma ke prati jo eka udAsInatA dIkha rahI thI, usameM jo ThaharAva A gayA thA vaha TUTatA huA pratIta ho rahA hai| yuvakoM ke prekSAdhyAna ke prati bar3hatA huA utsAha isa tathya kA prakaTa nidarzana hai| AdhyAtmikavaijJAnika vyaktitva ke nirmANa kA tAtparya kevala ina donoM viSayoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hI nahIM hai apitu usa cetanA kA jAgaraNa hai jo zAzvata satyoM aura prayoga-donoM kI sattA ko eka svIkAra kreN| tulanAtmaka adhyayana to isakA satahI stara hai| vaijJAnika vikAsa: varadAna yA abhizApa Aja manuSya ke pAsa bojha Dhone ke aneka sAdhana haiN| TUkeM, TrAliyAM, Trena Adi aise aneka bhImakAya bhAravAhI vAhana nikala gae haiN| usake pAsa itane tIvra gati vAle yAna-vAhana A gae haiM ki san 1938 meM pratighaNTA bIsa mIla calane vAlA AdamI Aja 40,000 mIla pratighaNTA kI yAtrA ArAma se kara sakatA hai| kolambiyA zaTala ke kAryarata ho jAne se na kevala dharatI para hI apitu antarikSa meM bhI manuSya kA beroka-Toka AvAgamana zurU ho gayA hai| yantroM, kampyUTaroM tathA roboToM kA AviSkAra ho jAne se na kevala manuSya kA zrama hI baca gayA hai apitu use bahuta sArI cIjeM upalabdha hone lagI hai| Aja datsUna jaise audyogika ikAI meM kevala aThAraha AdamI hI pratidina do hajAra kAroM kA utpAdana karane lage haiN| TeksAsa iMsTrameMTsa tathA helaviTa eNDa maikArDa jaise pratiSThAnoM meM to AdamI kA koI baccA bhI kAma nahIM kara rahA hai| AbhiyAMtrikI ke saMbodha se Aja hara cIja manuSya ko ghara baiThe upalabdha hone lagI hai| vaha apane kamare meM baiThA hamArI duniyA hI nahIM apitu anya grahoM ke logoM se bhI na kevala bAtacIta hI kara sakatA hai apitu unase sAkSAtkAra bhI kara sakatA hai|

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna ___ Aja TelIphona karane mAtra se hI manapasanda ke mADala rUpAkAra kI navanirmita kAra usake daravAje ke Age Akara khar3I ho jaaegii| bhaviSya meM vijJAna kI yaha gati aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAne vAlI hai tathA manuSya ke pAsa sukha-suvidhAoM kA ambAra laga jAne vAlA hai| zakti-srotoM ke vividha upAdAnoM ke sAtha-sAtha aNu-zakti ne bhI manuSya ko akalpya rUpa meM vistRta kara diyA hai| phira bhI tanAva bar3he haiM para bar3e-bar3e riekTara, hAIDroilekTrika pAvara hAusa tathA aNubijalI gharoM kA khatarA bhI kama gaharA nahIM huaa| audyogika pradUSaNa se pUrI duniyA ke saMtulana ko khatarA paidA ho gayA hai| AdamI Aja mazIna kA itanA dAsa bana gayA hai ki usake tanAvoM kA bhI koI pAra nahIM hai| yadyapi tanAva hamezA manuSya kA pIchA karate haiM para Aja manuSya jisa rUpa se tanAvagrasta hai, usase uparokta sArI pragati para eka praznacinha laga gayA hai| zrama ko heya na mAneM zrama kI manovRtti ke sAtha-sAtha Aja zrama ko heya samajhane kI manovRtti kA bhI itanA vikAsa ho gayA hai ki apane Apako sabhya mAnane vAlA manuSya jarA-sA zrama karate hue bhI hicakicAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM hameM phira se mur3akara dekhanA hogaa| aisI nahIM hai ki AdamI vijJAna kI upalabdhiyoM kI anadekhI kara deM para use yadi AnandapUrNa jIvana jInA hai tathA dUsaroM ke Ananda ko nahIM chInanA hai, to yaha Avazyaka hai ki na kevala vaha svaya hI zrama se jI na curAeM apitu anya logoM ke zrama ko chInakara unheM dara-dara bhaTakane dene kA bhAgIdAra bhI na bne| Aja bahuta sAre vikasita dezoM ne apane udyogoM ke dvArA bahuta sAre avikasita dezoM ke sAmane samasyAeM khar3I kara dI hai, jinase nipaTanA bar3A kaThina ho gayA hai| sabase bar3I samasyA AvazyakatA yaha hai ki manuSya zrama ko heya na smjhe| sacamuca meM mAnava-mAtra kI hita-cintA tathA apane tanAvoM se mukta hone kI yaha TeknIka AdamI ko vijJAna se nahIM adhyAtma se sIkhanI hogii| vaise vijJAna ne bhI adhyAtma ke isa satya para apanI muhara lagAnA zurU kara diyA hai ki zrama ke binA AdamI kA apanA jIvana bhI Anandamaya nahIM bana skegaa| vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM ke prakAza meM Aja adhyAtma kI pustaka par3hanA Avazyaka ho gayA hai| mana kI zAMti Aja isa vaijJAnika yuga meM mana kI zAMti kA prazna ahaM prazna hai| mana kI samasyAoM para carcAeM calatI haiN| hameM isa saMdarbha meM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki hamArA

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70 jaina darzana aura vijJAna mana kina-kina prabhAvoM se kitanA prabhAvita hotA hai| mana kSetra se bhI prabhAvita hotA hai aura kAla se bhI prabhAvita hotA hai jyotirvijJAna kA vikAsa prabhAvoM ke vizleSaNa ke lie huA thaa| kintu Aja usakA rUpa badala gayA hai| vaha kevala phalita meM ulajha gayA hai| usakA viSaya to thA hamArI isa pRthvI para, pUre vAtAvaraNa para aura vAyumaMDala para tathA manuSya ke svabhAva aura vyavahAra para sauramaMDala kA kyA prabhAva hotA hai, isakA adhyayana aura vizleSaNa karanA, para vaha usase dUra calA gyaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki hamArA sArA vAtAvaraNa aMtarikSa se prabhAvita hai| pRthvI aura aMtarikSa ko sarvathA vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| manuSya ke lie jitanI saMpadA pRthvI para hai, usase kama antarikSa meM nahIM hai| manuSya para pRthvI kA jitanA prabhAva par3atA hai, aMtarikSa kA prabhAva usase kama nahIM pdd'taa| AdamI aMtarikSa se adhika prabhAvita hotA hai| aMtarikSa meM jaisA sauramaMDala hai, vaisA sauramaMDala pratyeka vyakti ke zarIra meM hai| grahoM aura aMtargrahoM kA bahuta gaharA sambandha hai| hamAre aMtargraha AkAza ke grahoM ke vikiraNoM se bahuta prabhAvita hote haiN| manuSya jItA hai| Rtucakra ke sAtha-sAtha / Rtu kA eka cakra hai| bhArata meM chaha RtuoM kA vikAsa huaa| ho sakatA hai ki bhaugolika kAraNoM se kucha sthAnoM meM RtueM chaha na hotI hoM, kama hotI hoN| kintu bhArata meM chaha RtueM hotI haiM aura una RtuoM se manuSya kA jIvana jur3A huA hai| jaise Rtucakra badalatA hai, hamArA zarIra bhI badalatA hai aura svAsthya meM bhI parivartana AtA hai| Ayurveda ne Rtucakra ke parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha svAsthya parivartana aura zarIra-parivartana kI vizada carcA kI hai| isameM kevala svAsthya aura zarIra hI nahIM badalatA. bhAva bhI badalate haiN| bhAva badalatA hai to mana badalatA hai| bhAva aura mana donoM badalate haiN| yaha Ayurveda aura adhyAtma kA milA-julA yoga hai| yaha Avazyaka hai ki Rtu-parivartana ke sAtha manuSya meM hone vAle parivartanoM kA saMyukta adhyayana kiyA jAe aura yaha jAnA jAe ki kyA-kyA parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| Ayurveda kI mAnyatA hai ki Rtu ke sAtha-sAtha bhojana kA parivartana bhI ho jAnA caahie| Ayurveda meM kisa Rtu kA bhojana kyA hai, isakI unmukta carcA hai| zarIra ke lie kaba kaisA bhojana apekSita hotA hai, isa viSaya meM bahuta sundara pratipAdana vahAM prApta hotA hai| jyotiSa ke granthoM ne isa viSaya ko Age bar3hAte hue pratipAdana kiyA ki kisa Rtu meM kisa prakAra ke bhAva paidA hote haiM aura unakA kyA-kyA asara hotA hai| varSa ke do ayana haiM-uttarAyana aura dkssinnaayn| hamAre mana ke bhI do ayana hote haiM-uttarAyana aura dakSiNAyana / tapasyA, tejasvitA, ugratA-yaha hamAre

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna 71 mana kA uttarAyaNa hai| jar3atA aura nIMda kI zAMti - yaha hamAre mana kA dakSiNayAna hai / oNkalTa sAiMsa meM do dhruvoM kI carcA hai- eka hai uttarI dhruva aura dUsarA hai dakSiNa dhruva / donoM dhruvoM kA mana ke sAtha gaharA sambandha hai / rIr3ha kI haDDI ke Upara kA bhAga- jJAnakendra - uttarI dhruva hai aura rIr3ha kI haDDI kA nicalA bhAga- - zaktikendra aura kAmakendra - dakSiNadhruva hai| isa prakAra RtuoM aura ayanoM ke sAtha mana kA sambandha jur3A huA hai / upAdhyAya meghavijayI ne eka grantha likhA hai / usakA nAma hai- arhat giitaa| usameM jyotiSazAstra kI dRSTi se mAnasika sthitiyoM kA sUkSma vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne pUre varSa, bAraha mAsa, bAraha rAziyAM do ayana, chaha Rtu aura sAta vAra- pratyeka ke sAtha mana ke sambandha kI carcA kI hai| yaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai aura isakA sUkSma vivecana vahAM prastuta hai / yaha sArI carcA isalie ki mAnasika zAMti ke prazna para socane vAle logoM ko eka hI koNa se nahIM socanA cAhie / aneka koNoM se socanA caahie| mana kI azAMti hajAra vyaktiyoM meM milatI hai to hajAra vyaktiyoM ke lie azAMti kA kAraNa eka hI nahIM hotA, aneka kAraNa hote haiM aura una aneka kAraNoM ke lie eka hI samAdhAna deMge to vaha paryApta nahIM ho / bhinna-bhinna samAdhAna bhI caahie| kisakI kisa prakAra kI samasyA hai aura kisa prakAra kA hetu mana kI azAMti ko utpanna kara rahA hai, jaba taka isakA vizleSaNa nahIM kara liyA jAegA aura isakA samyak bodha nahIM hogA, taba taka diyA huA samAdhAna asamAdhAna hI banA rahegA / cikitsA kI eka zAkhA 'manazcikitsA' vistAra pAra rahI hai / Aja bar3e aspatAloM ke sAtha eka manazcikitsaka bhI rahatA hai / vaha mana kI cikitsA karatA hai| yaha eka zAkhA to bana gaI hai / kintu mana kI bImAriyoM kI eka zAkhA to nahIM hai / buddhi kI prakharatA ne itanI kalpanAeM de dIM, itanI mahattvAkAMkSAeM jagA dIM, itane bar3e-bar3e mUlya sAmane rakha die ki pUrti nahIM ho rahI hai aura mana kI azAMti ke lie bahuta acchI sAmagrI hai / mahattvAkAMkSA to bahuta bar3ha jAe aura pUrti ho na sake, isase vikaTa aura koI samasyA ho nahIM sktii| jaba taka AdamI kI mahattvAkAMkSA na jAge, zAyada vaha zAnti kA jIvana jI sakatA hai| ho sakatA hai ki vikAsa kA jIvana na ho, para zAnti kA jIvana jI sakatA hai / mahattvAkAMkSA jAga jAe aura usakI saMpUrti na ho, usa sthiti meM kyA bItatA hai, vahI jAnatA hai yA bhagavAn jAnatA hai, kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| itanI baicenI, itanI kaThinAI aura parezAnI hotI hai ki usa parezAnI ko koI batA nahIM sakatA / mAnasika samasyAoM ke aneka kAraNa haiN| una sabakA samyak vizleSaNa

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna kie binA hama mana kI samasyA ko samadhAna nahIM de skte| hara vyakti jAne yA na jAne. para kama se kama jo mAnasika zAnti ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle haiM, mAnasika cikitsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle haiM, ahiMsA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle haiM aura jo vizva-zAnti kI carcA aura parikramA karane vAle haiM, una logoM ke lie to yaha bahuta jarUrI hai ki ve una sAre hetuoM ko jAneM aura phira samAdhAna kI bAta kreN| eka bahuta bar3A hetu hai kAlacakra, jo manuSya ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| kAla se jaba sthUla zarIra meM parivartana hotA hai, to bahuta svAbhAvika hai ki hamAre bhAvacakra meM bhI parivartana hogaa| bhAva meM parivartana hotA hai, yaha aba kevala paurANika mAnyatA hI nahIM hai, vaicArika mAnyatA bhI bana gii| purAne granthoM meM kucha tithiyoM kA vizeSa cunAva kiyA gayA- paMcamI, aSTamI, caturdazI, amAvasyA aura pUrNimA / ina tithiyoM ke cayana ke bAre meM hamAre sAmAne bahuta prazna Ate haiN| aSTamI ko vizeSa dharma karanA cAhie, saptamI ko nahIM, aisA kyoM? aba jyotirvijJAna aura vaijJAnika adhyayanoM aura vizleSaNoM ke bAda isakA bahuta acchA uttara diyA jA sakatA hai| candramA kA hamAre mana ke sAtha meM bahuta gaharA sambandha hai| jyotirvijJAna meM bhI hai| kisI AdamI kI kuMDalI dekhI jAtI hai to mana kA sthAna candramA se dekhA jAtA hai| candra kaisA hai? candramA acchA hai kuNDalI meM to isakA mana bahuta zAMta rahegA, svaccha rhegaa| candramA acchA nahIM hai to pAgala banegA, yaha bhaviSyavANI karane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai| candramA ke sthAna ke AdhAra para mana kI yaha mImAMsA kI jA sakatI hai| mana kA aura candramA kA bahuta gaharA saMbaMdha hai| hamAre zarIra meM jala kA hissA bahuta bar3A hai| Apako to yaha zarIra Thosa laga rahA hai, para Thosa kahAM hai? pAnI hI pAnI hai, sattara-assI pratizata to hamAre zarIra meM pAnI hai aura bhAga to bahuta thor3A hai| pAnI kA candramA ke sAtha saMbaMdha hai| samudra ke jvAra-bhATe ke sAtha candramA kA saMbaMdha hai| hamAre mana aura zarIra kA bhI candramA ke sAtha saMbaMdha hai| mana kA jvAra-bhATA bhI candramA ke sAtha AtA hai| kevala samudra meM hI jvAra-bhATA nahIM AtA, mana meM bhI AtA rahatA hai| amAvasyA aura pUrNimA jvAra-bhATe ke dina haiN| bahuta anveSaNoM ke bAda yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA ki hatyAeM, aparAdha, hiMsA, upadrava, AtmahatyA-ye sAre pUrNimA aura amAvasyA ke dina jyAdA hote haiN| eksIDeNTa bhI pUrNimA ke dina jyAdA hote haiN| isa viSaya para kAphI likhA gayA hai| kAphI sarve kie gae haiM aura khojeM bhI kI gaI haiN| candramA ke sAtha hamAre mana kA bahuta gaharA sambandha hai|

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna kAlacakra aura sauramaMDala se hamArA bhAva aura mana jur3A huA hai| inase hama prabhAvita hote haiN| isIlie ina dinoM meM vizeSa anuSThAnoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA ki aSTamI, caturdazI ko vizeSa anuSThana kie jAyeM jisase ki mAnasika vikSiptatA ke prabhAvoM se bacA jA ske| yaha eka mukhya hetu thaa| candramA kI bhAMti hI dUsare grahoM kA bhI prabhAva par3atA hai| sUrya kA bhI prabhAva hotA hai, maMgala kA bhI prabhAva hotA hai aura guru kA bhI prabhAva hotA hai| hama itane prabhAvoM se prabhAvita haiM ki aprabhAvita avasthA hameM prApta nahIM hai| isa sthiti meM mAnasika zAnti kI samasyA aura jaTila bana jAtI hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki jo vyakti sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa ko jaisA grahaNa karatA hai vaisA hI usakA vyaktitva banatA hai| kintu koI bhI bAta yadi ekAMgI dRSTikoNa se svIkRta hogI to usameM sacAI nahIM hogii| sacAI hogI to adhUrI sacAI hogii| pUrI sacAI nahIM hogI aura samasyA ke samAdhAna taka le jAnevAlI sacAI nahIM hogii| ekAMgI dRSTikoNa se koI bhI bAta pakar3a lI jAtI hai to ulajhana bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai| vyakti samAja kA hissA hai, yaha bAta ThIka hai| kintu vyakti kI apanI vaiyaktikatA bhI hai| yadi sAmAjikatA ko samApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA to vaiyaktikatA ko bhI samApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vyakti kI apanI vizeSatAeM hotI haiM aura yadi ve vizeSatAeM na hoM to ina roga ke kITANuoM kA itanA bhayaMkara AkramaNa ho sakatA hai ki koI baca hI nahIM sktaa| kintu pratyeka vyakti ke pAsa apanI avarodhaka zakti hotI hai| hara vyakti apanI kSamatA aura zakti ke AdhAra para kITANuoM se lar3atA hai, apanI zakti kA upayoga karatA hai| vyaktigata vizeSatAoM para bhI hameM vicAra karanA hogaa| eka ora hama vAtAvaraNa se, paristhitiyoM se, hetuoM se, nimittoM se prApta hone vAlI samasyAoM para vicAra kareM to dUsarI ora vyakti ke Antarika srotoM para bhI vicAra kreN| yahI adhyAtma kA aura isa bhautika vijJAna kA eka kendra-bindu banatA hai| hama vyakti ke Antarika srotoM para vicAra kreN| eka bahuta sundara pustaka nikalI hai-Man the Unknown | usameM vaijJAnika dRSTi se itanA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai ki manuSya' abhI taka ajJAta hai| manuSya kA thor3A-sA hissA, usake mastiSka kA pAMca-sAta pratizata hissA hI jJAta huA hai| nabbe pratizata se adhika hissA ajJAta hI hai|

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74 jaina darzana aura vijJAna jJAta ke AdhAra para itane bar3e ajJAta ko asvIkAra karanA kaise saMbhava hogA? adhyAtma ke AcAryoM ne ajJAta para bhI bahuta anusaMdhAna kiyA hai| unhoMne apanI anta:dRSTi aura anta:preraNA se ajJAta ko samajhane kA bahuta bar3A prayatna kiyA hai| adhyAtma kA yaha bindu hameM upalabdha hai| Aja se nahIM, kisI vaijJAnika kI pustaka se nahIM , kintu hajAroM-hajAroM varSa pahale una ghoSaNAoM se hama paricita haiM ki pratyeka prANI meM, na kevala manuSya meM, kintu pratyeka prANI meM ananta zakti vidyamAna hai| ananta catuSTayI jaina darzana meM bahuta prasiddha hai| ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta zakti aura ananta Ananda-yaha ananta catuSTayI hai| vaidika sAhitya me sat, cit aura Ananda bahuta prasiddha hai| __adhyAtma ke AcAryoM ne manuSya ke bhItara kI gaharAiyoM meM jAkara jhAMkA, usa ananta catuSTayI meM kucha DubakiyAM lekara jina mUlyoM kI pratiSThA kI, jina tathyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA aura manuSya ke vyaktitva kA citra ubhArA, yadi vaha hamAre sAmane hotA to zAyada mana kI zAnti kA prazna, zanti kI samasyA jaTila nahIM hotii| unhoMne vyakti ko samajhA, usa Aloka meM dekhA aura parakhA ki bhAva-zuddha ke binA mana kI zaMti kA prazna kabhI samAhita nahIM ho sktaa| hamAre vikAsa kA, jIvana ke vikAsa kA sabase bar3A AdhAra hai bhAva-zuddhi / eka dhArA hamAre bhItara hai bhAva-azuddhi kI aura dUsarI dhArA pravahamAna hai bhAva-zuddhi kii| donoM dhArAeM nirantara pravahamAna haiM hamAre vyaktitva meN| jaba-jaba hama bhAva kI azuddhi kI dhArA se jur3ate haiM, mana kI samasyAeM ulajha jAtI haiN| mAnasika pAgalapana, mAnasika vikSiptatA ubharakara sAmane A jAtI hai| jaba-jaba hama apanI bhAva-zuddhi kI dhArA se jur3ate haiM, saba kucha ThIka ho jAtA to Aja ke zarIra-zAstrI batalAte haiM ki hamAre mastiSka meM do aisI granthiyAM haiM, eka hai harSa kI aura eka hai zoka kii| donoM saTI huI haiN| harSa kI granthi udghATita ho jAe to hara ghaTanA meM vyakti sukha kA anubhava kare / use duHkha nahIM hogaa| yadi zoka vAlI granthi khula jAe to phira cAhe jitanA hI sukha ho, karor3apati bana jAe, du:kha kA anta hone vAlA nahIM hai| para khatarA yahI hai ki eka ko kholate samaya dUsarI khula jAe to phira sArA caupaTa ho jaae| sukha aura duHkha kI dhArAeM saTI huI cala rahI haiN| jo vyakti nirantara bhAva ko zuddha rakhatA hai, usa para AkramaNa nahIM ho skte| aura hote bhI haiM to bahuta maMda hote haiN| vaha baca jAtA hai| bhAva-zuddhi eka zaktizAlI upAya hai| yadi usake prati hamArI jAgarUkatA bar3ha jAe to ina khataroM se bacA jA sakatA hai|

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75 adhyAtma aura vijJAna saMyama hama vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM tathA nRvaMza vidyA (anthropology) kI dRSTi se saMyama para vicAra kareM-prazna hogA ki manuSya jAti kA vikAsa kaise huA? isake uttara meM aneka uttara die jA sakate haiN| kintu nRvaMza vidyA ke AdhAra para isakA jo uttara diyA gayA, vaha bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki manuSya jAti ke vikAsa kA mUla AdhAra hai-vaannii| pazu pakSiyoM kA vikAsa nahIM huaa| gAya, bhaiMsa aura ghoDA-ye hajAroM varSoM se samAnarUpa se raha rahe haiN| iname koI parivartana nahIM huA hai| gadhe, ghor3e, khaccara kabhI har3atAla nahIM krte| ve sadA hI bhAra Dho rahe haiM aura Dhote rheNge| kyoM? isalie ki unakA vikAsa nahIM huaa| unameM bhASA nahIM hai| bandara ne kabhI ghara nahIM bnaayaa| Aja bhI vaha vRkSavAsI hai| manuSya ne ghara bnaayaa| ghara banAne meM usane bahuta vikAsa kiyaa| isakA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai ki manuSya apanI rIr3ha kI haDDI ko sIdhA rakhatA hai| rIr3ha kI haDDI ko sIdhA rakhane ke kAraNa hI manuSya ke vikAsa kA prathama caraNa prArambha huaa| vikAsa kA dUsarA mukhya tattva hai ki manuSya kI aMguliyAM aura aMgUThA viparIta dizA meM haiN| aMguliyoM kI sIdha meM yadi agUMThA hotA to AdamI na likha pAtA aura na anya kAma hI kara paataa| manuSya pazu jaisA hI hotaa| pazuoM ke aMguliyAM aura aMgUThA viparIta dizA meM nahIM hote / yaha bahuta bar3A aMtara hai| isI aMtara ke kAraNa AdamI pragati kara rahA hai, vikAsa kara rahA hai| dUsarI dRSTi-yoga kI dRSTi se dekheM to mudrA ke AdhAra para vizleSaNa karanA hogaa| yoga ne mudrA kI dRSTi se bahata vikAsa kiyA hai| do aMgaliyoM ko milAne se eka prakAra kI mudrA bana jAtI hai| tIna aMguliyoM ko milAne se dUsarI mudrA bana jAtI hai| anAmikA aura aMgUThe ko milAne se anya mudrA bana jAtI hai| isa prakAra saikar3oM-saikar3oM mudrAeM haiN| ina mudrAoM ke pariNAma bhI bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| maMtrazAstra meM mudrAoM para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| devatA kA AhvAna karanA ho to kauna-sI mudrA honI caahie| haThayoga meM mudrAoM kA kAphI vivecana hai| prANAyAma karanA hai, dIrghazvAsa kI kriyA karanI hai to amuka mudrA meM karane se phephar3oM meM pUrA prANa vAyu pahuMcegA, anyatra nhiiN| mudrAoM ke AdhAra para pariNAma meM antara A jAtA 'ekyUprezara' aura 'ekyUpaMkcara'-ye do prAcIna cikitsA paddhatiyAM haiN| zarIra ke amuka bhAga ko dabAne se yA zarIra ke amuka kendra para suI cubhAne se amuka bImArI zAMta ho jAtI hai| zvAsa kI bImArI hai yA hArTa kI bImArI hai to amUka paoNinTa ko dabAne yA usa para suI cubhAne se vaha bImArI zAMta ho jAtI hai| Aja bhI yaha paddhati cIna aura jApAna meM calatI hai|

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76 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bhArata meM bhI yaMtra-taMtra isake vizeSajJa milate haiAyurveda kA eka prasiddha zloka hai-- dantAnAmaJjanaM zreSTha, karNAnAM dantadhAvanam / zirobhyaMgazca pAdAnAM, pAdAbhyaMgazca cakSuSoH / / AMkhoM ko AMjane se dAMta svastha rahate haiN| dAMtoM ko dhone se kAna svastha rahate haiN| sira para mAliza karane se pairoM ko lAbha hotA hai aura pairoM para mAliza karane se AMkho kI jyoti bar3hatI hai| isa prakAra zarIra meM saikar3oM kendra haiM, jinako jAnanA bahuta lAbhaprada hotA hai| unameM hAtha-paira bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiN| hama vidyut-vijJAna kI duSTi se bhI dekheN| Aja kA zarIrazAstrI mAnatA hai ki zarIra kI vidyut kA bahi:niSkramaNa mukhyata: tIna sthAnoM se hotA hai-hAtha kI aMguliyoM se, pairoM kI aMguliyoM se aura AMkho se| jaba zarIra roga-grasta hotA hai taba roga-grasta bhAga para aMguliyAM ghumAI jAtI haiN| usase vidyut milatI hai aura roga zAMta bhI hotA hai| guru lAbha ke caraNoM meM mastaka rakhane se unake pairoM se nikalane vAlI vidyut kA lAbha milatA hai| jaba ve apanA hAtha bhakta ke sira para rakhate haiM taba aMguliyoM se nikalane vAlI vidyut bhI milatI hai aura jaba ve zAMta AMkhoM se bhakta ko dekhate haiM taba AMkhoM se nikalane vAlI vidyut bhI prApta hotI hai| mana tInoM ora se lAbhAnvita hotA hai| yaha bhI eka vijJAna hai| jo caitanya-kendra mastiSka meM haiM, ve hAtha meM bhI haiN| bhAvanA ke sabhI kendra hAtha meM haiN| jina vyaktiyoM kA dhyAna nahIM TikatA unake lie batAyA gayA hai ki ve dAhine paira ke aMgUThe para dhyAna kreN| dhyAna sadhane lgegaa| yaha hai paira kA saMyama / yaha AcAra-zAstra kA bahuta bar3A aMga hai| yaha to nahIM kahA ki pUre zarIra kA saMyama kro| hAtha-paira ke saMyama kI bAta kahI, isakA hameM AcArazAstrIya dRSTi se bhI mahattva AMkanA caahie| AcArazAstrIya dRSTi se saMyama taba hotA hai, jaba hama hAtha-paira ko sthira rakha sakeM, laMbe samaya taka rakha ske| jo vyakti ukaDU Asana meM baiThatA hai, vaha pairoM kA saMyama sAdhatA hai| sakI AdhyAtmika zaktiyAM jAgatI haiN| usameM brahmacarya kI zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| yaha hai AcArazAstrIya dRssttikonn| tIsarA hai gaNitazAstrIya dRssttikonn| hAtha aura paira kA gaNita karanA hogaa| donoM hAthoM kI dasa aNguliyaaN| donoM pairoM kI dasa aNguliyaaN| una para banI rekhAoM kA gaNita, hAtha aura pairoM kI rekhAoM kA gaNita aura mUlyAMkana / purAne jamAne meM tarkazAstra par3hA jAtA thA sUtroM ke AdhAra para aura Aja

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna par3hA jAtA hai gaNita ke AdhAra pr| yaha sahI vijJAna hai / AcAra zAstra bhI gaNita ke AdhAra para par3hAyA jAtA hai| vinobA kahA karate the ki jaina darzana ko 'aMka darzana' (gaNita darzana) kahanA caahie| jaina sAhitya kA lagabhaga AdhA bhAga gaNita se bharA par3A hai| jaina AcAryoM ne gaNita kA bahuta upayoga kiyaa| gaNitazAstra kI dRSTi se bhI tattva kA vizleSaNa honA cAhie / satyaniSThA guDo hi kaphahetuH syAd, nAgaraM pittakAraNam / dvayAtmani na doSo'sti, guDanAgarabheSaje / / - gur3a kapha paidA karatA hai aura sUMTha pitta paidA karatI hai| donoM ko milAne para na kapha hotA hai aura na pitta / unake mUla doSa miTa jAte haiM aura tIsarA guNa paidA ho jAtA hai| donoM yadi alaga-alaga hoMge to donoM kI dUrI banI rahegI / ve eka dRSTi se doSakAraka hI hoMge, guNakAraka nhiiN| donoM kA yoga hone para guNavattA A jAtI hai 1 cetanA do prakAra kI hai- sUkSma cetanA aura sthUla cetanA / manovijJAna kI bhASA meM sUkSma cetanA ko avacetana mana kahA jAtA hai aura darzana kI bhASA meM vaha sUkSma cetanA hai yA karmazarIra ke sAtha kAma karane vAlI cetanA hai / manovijJAna ke cetana mana kA artha hai sthUla zarIra ke sAtha, mastiSka ke sAtha kAma karane vAlI cetanA, sthUla cetanA / donoM ke bIca dUrI hai; ise dUra karanA jarUrI hai / tabhI satya pragaTa hogA / anyathA mAyA pragaTa hogI / satya kA artha hai - niyama kI khoja / satya kA bodha hai - niyama kA bodha / satya kA AcaraNa hai- niyama kA AcaraNa / satya kI yaha vyAkhyA bahuta hI vyAvahArika aura vyApaka hai / yathArtha meM satya kA artha hai-niyama | 77 I yaha saMsAra niyamoM se baMdhA huA hai| pratyeka vastu aura manuSya niyama ke AdhAra para cala rahA hai| niyama ko vaha jAne na jAne, yaha dUsarI bAta hai, kintu niyama apanA kAma kara rahA hai| niyama eka nahIM hai, hajAroM-hajAroM niyama haiN| anekAnta kA siddhAnta niyamoM ko jAnane kA sAdhana hai / anekAnta ne niyamoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai, phira cAhe vaha vANIgata niyama ho yA vastugata niyama ho / jo vyakti niyamoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha satya ko pakar3a letA hai / Aja ke

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78 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vijJAna ne aneka sUkSma niyamoM kI khoja kI hai| vaijJAnika jagat meM yaMtroM kA jitanA nirmANa huA hai, yaha sArA niyamoM ke avabodha ke AdhAra para huA hai| vaijJAnika vaha hotA hai, jisameM niyama ko pakar3ane kI, samajhane kI kSamatA hotI ho / niyama ko banAne vAlA koI nahIM hotaa| niyama anAdi hai, yUnivarsala hai| jo ina niyamoM ko pakar3atA hai, vaha hotA hai RSi, vaha hotA hai muni aura vaha hotA hai vaijJAnika / muni aura vaijJAnika--donoM paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| muni kA artha hai - jJAnI, niyamoM kA jAnane vaalaa| muni zabda 'muNe jJAne' dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai / isalie muni kA artha jJAnI hI honA caahie| muni kaho yA vaijJAnika kaho, koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| muni hotA hai, jo niyamoM ko jAnatA hai / vaijJAnika vaha hotA hai, jo niyamoM ko jAnatA hai / muni kA artha saMyamI kyoM cala par3A, yaha anveSaNIya hai / saMyama muni kI kriyA hai, vaha muni kA artha nahIM hai / vijJAna pratyeka niyama kI khoja karatA hai / usane pratyeka kSetra ke niyamoM ko jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / 1 Aja ke vaijJAnika ne aneka sUkSma niyamoM kI khoja kI hai| aparAdhoM ko pakar3ane ke lie unhoMne aneka sAdhana aviSkRta kie haiN| aparAdhI ko eka yaMtra ke sAmane khar3A kiyA jAtA hai / aparAdhI ko, aparAdha ke viSaya meM pUchA jAtA hai / yadi vaha jhUTha bolatA hai, to yaMtra kI (Lie detector ) kI suI ghUmatI hai aura bhinna prakAra kA grApha ubhara AtA hai| yadi vaha aparAdha ko svIkRti detA hai to bhinna prakAra kA grApha ubhara AtA hai| yaMtra ke mAdhyama se yathArtha jAna liyA jAtA hai / isakA bhI Thosa AdhAra hai| yadi koI vyakti jhUTha bolatA hai, yathArtha ko chipAtA hai to usake bhItara eka prakAra kI prakriyA hotI hai, eka prakAra ke prakaMpana hote haiM aura jo satya bolatA hai usake bhItara bhinna prakAra kI prakriyA hotI hai, bhinna prakAra ke prakaMpana hote haiM / yaMtra kA kAma hai prakaMpanoM ko pakar3anA aura unheM grApha para aMkita karanA / usa aMkana ke AdhAra para nirNaya kara liyA jAtA hai ki amuka aparAdhI hai aura amuka aparAdhI nahIM hai / aparAdha kI khoja kevala yaMtra hI nahIM, kutte bhI karate haiM / Aja pulisa aparAdhiyoM ko pakar3ane ke lie kuttoM kA upayoga kara rahI hai aura yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki kutte isameM zata-pratizata saphala rahe haiM / kutte ko hatyA ke sthAna para yA corI ke sthAna para le jAyA jAtA hai / kuttA vahAM sUMghatA hai aura usa gaMdha ke AdhAra para hajAra mIla para jAkara bhI aparAdhI ko pakar3a letA hai / Azcarya hotA hai ki kutte ko itanA jJAna kaise ho jAtA hai ? hajAra mIla para gaye cora ko pakar3a pAnA pulisa ke lie bhI kama saMbhava hai to bhalA kuttA use kaise pakar3a letA hai I

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna 79 isakA artha yaha hotA hai ki kuttA AdamI se adhika jJAnI hai| Azcarya hotA hai| para niyama ko samajha lene para isameM Azcarya jaisI koI bAta nahIM hai| kutte kI ghrANazakti bahuta tIvra hotI hai| gaMdha ke AdhAra para vaha aparAdhI ko pakar3ane meM samartha ho jAtA haiN| satya kA artha hai-niyama-prAkRtika niyama aura cetanA ke niyama / vastu-jagat ke niyama, cetanA-jagat ke niyama-ye do prakAra ke niyama haiN| vastu-jagat ke niyamoM ko jAnanA astitvAdI satya hai aura cetanA-jagat ke niyamoM ko jAnanA upayogitAvAdI satya hai, sAdhanA kA satya hai| ___karmazAstra pUrA kA pUrA niyamazAstra hai| jo karma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha amuka-amuka samaya taka aparipAka, anudaya kI sthiti meM rahatA hai| use abAdhAkAla kahA jAtA hai| jaba vaha udaya meM AtA hai taba phala denA prArambha karatA hai| isa prakAra karma kA zAstra cetanA ke niyamoM kA zAstra hai| ___ aneka zArIrika aura mAnasika bImAriyAM aisI hotI haiM, jinako DaoNkTara bhI nahIM pakar3a pAte aura yaMtra bhI unheM nahIM pakar3a paate| saba vyartha ho jAte haiN| isakA kAraNa hai ki ve bImAriyAM zArIrika nahIM, mAnasika nahIM kintu karma se niSpAdita haiN| isa tathya ko Ayurveda ke AcAryoM ne bahuta hI sUkSmatA se pkdd'aa| unhoMne kahA-bImArI kevala zarIra ke doSoM se hI nahIM hotii| sArI bImAriyAM vAta, pitta aura kapha ke doSoM se hI nahIM hotii| bImArI kevala bAharI vAtAvaraNa se hI paidA nahIM hotii| bImArI kA eka kAraNa karma bhI hai| jo saMskAra kiyA hai, vaha bhI bImArI kA kAraNa banatA hai| jisa bImArI kA kAraNa karma hotA hai, vaha bImArI davAiyoM se ThIka nahIM hotii| koI bhI vaidya yA DaoNkTara use nahIM miTA sktaa| usakI sahI davAI hai prAyazcitta / yaha sUkSma cetanA kA niyama hai| Aja sarvatra dvandva hai| bhItara ke prakaMpana aura prakAra ke haiM, bAhara bhinna prakAra kA pradarzana ho rahA hai| bhItara aura bAhara meM jo dUrI hai, vaha miTanI caahie| yaha dUrI taba miTa sakatI hai, jaba dRSTikoNa pariSkRta ho| eka prakAra se yaha satya gaNita kA satya hai| Aja ke vyAvahArika jagat meM gaNita kA satya sabase bar3A satya hai| gaNita meM koI bhUla nahIM hotI / jyotiSa vijJAna, gaNita vijJAna-ye sAre niyamoM kI vyAkhyA karane vAle vijJAna haiN| vijJAna kI bahata sArI bAteM Azcaryajanaka lagatI haiN| eka rezamI kapar3A hai| usa para aMgArA rakhA aura usa aMgAre para mUMgA rakha diyaa| aba vaha aMgArA rezamI kapar3e ko kaise nahIM jalAegA? Azcarya usI ko hogA jo niyama ko nahIM jaantaa| yaha sAmAnya bAta hai ki mUMge meM tApa-avazoSaNa kI kSamatA hai|

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80 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vaha aMgAre ke tApa kA zoSaNa kara letA hai, kapar3A jalatA nhiiN| prAcIna kAla meM ratna-kaMbala banate the| unakI dhulAI agni se hotI thii| ve agni meM nahIM jalate the, kyoMki unameM tApa-avazoSaNa kI kSamatA hotI hai| IMTeM bhI aisI hotI haiM jina para agni kA koI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| niyamoM ko jAna lene para Azcarya jaisA kucha nahIM rhtaa| hama sthUla cetanA ke niyamoM ko jAneM, sUkSma cetanA ke niyamoM ko jAneM / isakA tAtparya hai ki hama sthUla zarIra ke niyamoM ko jAneM aura karma-zarIra ke niyamoM ko bhI jaaneN| ina niyamoM ke jJAta hone para hI satya kI cetanA bahuta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| satya taba upalabdha hotA hai yA bhItara aura bAhara kI dUrI taba miTatI hai jaba hama bhItara ke vikAroM kA zoSaNa karanA sIkha jAte haiN| korA satya kA jJAna, korA satya ko bodha, korA satya kA saMgAna karane se kucha nahIM hotaa| prApta hotA hai vikAra yA moha ke upazamana se| bhItara ke upadrava, vikAra, burAiyAM aura bhItara kI bImAriyAM jitanI kama hotI jAeMgI, utanA hI jIvana meM satya prajvalita hotA jaaegaa| hamAre mastiSka meM araboM-kharaboM selsa haiN| saba apanA-apanA kArya karate haiN| jisa vyakti meM satya kA prakoSTha (selsa) jAgRta ho jAtA hai, sakriya ho jAtA hai, usameM gaharI satyaniSThA jAga jAtI hai| vaha apane niyama yA praNa se baMdha jAtA hai| usameM prAmANikatA A jAtI hai| prAmANikatA bhI niyama ke kAraNa AtI hai| vaha jAne-anajAne aprAmANika kArya nahIM krtaa| yaha satyaniSThA vikAra-zamana se prApta hotI hai| jaba Antarika doSa nyUna hote jAte haiM, taba ye selsa jAgRta hote jAte haiN| kisI-kisI vyakti kI pavitra AtmA meM satyaniSThA kA prakoSTha jAga jAtA hai| jo sAdhanA kA jIvana jIte haiM, unheM isa satyaniSThA kA abhyAsa hI nahIM, ise jIvanagata karanA jarUrI hai| satya meM bAdhA DAlane vAle vikAroM aura vAsanAoM kA atikramaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| yaha hone para hI satyaniSThA prajvalita ho sakatI hai| abhyAsa 1. dharma evaM adhyAtma jaisI prAcIna vidyAoM kA vijJAna jaisI Adhunika vidyA ke sAtha tulanA kahAM taka sambhava hai? 2. kyA vijJAna ne dharma kA koI upakAra kiyA hai? 3. jaina AgamoM ke sukSma satyoM ko sarala bhASA meM samajhAeM tathA vijJAna ke sandarbha meM unakI vyAkhyA prastuta kreN| 4. Adhunika vijJAna ke sandarbha meM samudghAta ko smjhaaeN| 5. zarIra ke sUkSma rahasyoM para vaijJAnika dRSTi se prakAza ddaaleN|

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adhyAtma aura vijJAna 6. adhyAtma-vijJAna meM zarIra ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue kuMDalinI kA vivecana kre| 7. prANa-zakti kI vidyut ke camatkAroM ko vijJAna ke sandarbha meM prastuta kreN| 8. AdhyAtmikavaijJAnika vyaktitva kA kyA tAtparya hai? nimnalikhita viSayoM kI adhyAtma aura vijJAna ke sandarbha meM vyAkhyA kareM(ka) mana kI zAMti (kha) saMyama (ga) satyaniSThA

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3. jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna (1) AtmavAda evaM punarjanmavAda jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa jaina darzana AtmavAdI karmavAdI evaM punarjanmavAdI darzana hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI apane Apa meM eka AtmA hai aura karmoM se baddha hai, AvRta hai| karma punarjanma kA mUla kAraNa hai| tattva-mImAMsA kI dRSTi se AtmA kA astitva anAdikAlIna hai, svatantra hai, vAstavika hai aura eka dravya yA vastu ke rUpa meM hai| AtmA yA jIva astikAya hai| pratyeka AtmA asaMkhya "pradeza" kA piNDa hai| pradeza yAnI avibhAjya aMza- jisake do vibhAga na ho ske| jaise pudgala dravya paramANuoM ke saMghAta se banatA hai, vaise jIva asaMkhya pradezoM ke saMghAta se nahIM banatA; kintu AtmA ke asaMkhya pradeza sadA saMghAta rUpa meM rahate haiM, kabhI pRthaka nahIM hote| jitane sthAna kA avagAhana eka paramANu karatA hai, utane hI sthAna kA avagAhana eka pradeza karatA hai| AtmA sAvayavI yA sapradezI hote hue bhI ye AtmA se kabhI alaga nahIM hote, kabhI TUTate nhiiN| pratyeka Atma-pradeza ke sAtha karma-pudgaloM kA saMyoga hotA hai aura karma ke dvArA utpanna prabhAva se AtmA eka janma se dUsare janma meM gamana karatI rahatI hai| karma apane Apa meM jar3a hai, phira bhI AtmA ke sAtha baddha hone se unameM AtmA ko prabhAvita karane kI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| karma ko hama "caitasika-bhautika bala" (Psycho-physical force) ke rUpa meM mAna sakate haiN| yahI bala AtmA ko punarjanma lene ke lie bAdhya karatA hai| anAdikAla se pratyeka jIva (AtmA) janma-mRtyu kI zrRMkhalA se gujaratA huA apanA astitva banAe rakhatA hai| yahI jaina darzana kA AtmavAda aura punarjanmavAda kA siddhAMta hai| adhyAtmavAda banAma bhautikavAda Astika yA adhyAtmavAdI evaM nAstika yA bhautikavAdI darzana punarjanma ke sambandha meM bhinna-bhinna mata prastuta karate haiN| sabhI astitvavAdI yA Astika darzana AtmA ko caitanyazIla, jar3a padArtha se sarvathA svataMtra evaM anazvara arthAt mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI apane astitva ko banAe rakhane vAlA, svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki bhautikavAdI yA nAstika darzana AtmA kI svataMtra sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate tathA mRtyu ke pazcAt usake astitva ko asvIkAra karate haiN| nyAyazAstra eka darzanazAstra ke granthoM meM ina

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna donoM matoM ke pratipAdakoM ke pArasparika vAda-vivAda kI vistRta carcAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| ye carcAeM tarka, anumAna Adi pramANa ke AdhAra para kI gaI haiN| donoM pakSoM kI ora se apane-apane mata ko sthApita kara vipakSa ko khaNDita karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| punarjanma kI avahelanA karane vAle vyaktiyoM kI prAya: do pradhAna zaMkAeM sAmane AtI haiM : 1. yadi hamArA pUrvabhava hotA, to hama usakI kucha-na-kucha smRtiyAM hotiiN| 2. yadi dUsarA janma hotA, to AtmA kI gati evaM Agati hama kyoM nahIM dekha pAte? pahalI zaMkA kA hama bAlya-jIvana kI tulanA se hI samAdhAna kara sakate haiN| bacapana kI ghaTanAvaliyAM hameM smaraNa nahIM AtIM, to kyA isakA artha hogA ki hamArI zaizava-avasthA huI nahIM thI? eka-do varSa ke nava-zaizava kI ghaTanAeM smaraNa nahIM hotIM, to bhI apane bacapana meM kisI ko saMdeha nahIM hotaa| vartamAna jIvana kI yaha bAta hai, taba phira pUrvajanma ko hama isa yukti se kaise havA meM ur3A sakate haiM? pUrvajanma kI bhI smRti ho sakatI hai, yadi utanI zakti jAgrata ho jaae| jise 'jAti-smRti jJAna' (pUrvajanma-smaraNa) ho jAtA hai vaha aneka janmoM kI ghaTanAoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai| dUsarI zaMkA eka prakAra se nahIM ke samAna hai| AtmA kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai| usake do kAraNa hai : 1. vaha amUrta hai; isalie dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| 2. vaha sUkSma hai; isalie zarIra meM praveza karatA huA yA nikalatA huA upalabdha nahIM hotaa| nahIM dIkhane mAtra se kisI vastu kA abhAva nahIM hotaa| sUrya ke prakAza meM nakSatra-guNa nahIM dekhA jaataa| isase isakA abhAva thor3e hI mAnA jA sakatA hai? aMdhakAra meM kucha nahIM dIkhatA, kyA yaha mAna liyA jAe ki yahAM kucha bhI nahIM hai? jJAna-zakti kI ekadezIyatA se kisI bhI sat-padArtha kA astitva svIkAra na karanA ucita nahIM hotaa| aba hameM punarjanma kI sAmAnya sthiti para bhI kucha dRSTipAta kara lenA caahie| duniyA meM koI bhI aisA padArtha nahIM hai, jo atyanta asat se sat bana jAe-jisakA koI bhI asttiva nahIM, vaha apanA astitva banA le / abhAva se bhAva evaM bhAva se abhAva nahIM hotA, taba phira janma aura mRtyu, nAza aura utpAda, yaha kyA hai? parivartana / pratyeka padArtha meM parivartana hotA hai|

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84 jaina darzana aura vijJAna parivartana se padArtha eka avasthA ko chor3akara dUsarI avasthA meM calA jAtA hai, kintu na to yaha sarvathA naSTa hotA hai aura na sarvathA utpanna bhii| dUsare-dUsare padArthoM meM bhI parivartana hotA hai, vaha hamAre sAmane hai| prANiyoM meM bhI parivartana hotA hai| ve janmate haiM, marate haiN| janma kA artha atyanta nayI vastu kI utpatti nahIM aura mRtyu se jIva kA utyanta uccheda nahIM hotaa| kevala vaisA hI parirvatana hai, jaise yAtrI eka sthAna ko chor3akara dUsare sthAna meM cale jAte haiN| yaha eka dhruva satya hai ki sattA se asattA evaM asattA se sattA kabhI nahIM hotii| parivartana ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I AtmA hai| vaha anvayI hai| pUrvajanma aura uttara-janma donoM usakI avasthAeM haiN| vaha donoM meM ekarUpa rahatI hai| ataeva atIta aura bhaviSya kI ghaTanAvaliyo kI zrRMkhalA jur3atI hai| zarIrazAstra ke anusAra sAta varSa ke bAda zarIra ke pUrva paramANu cyuta ho jAte haiM, saba avayava naye bana jAte haiN| isakA sarvAMgINa parivartana meM AtmA kA lopa nahIM hotaa| taba phira mRtyu ke bAda usakA astitva kaise miTa jAegA? jAti-smRti jJAna jaina darzana kI jJAna-mImAMsA meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna-ye donoM indriya-jJAna ke bheda haiN| jAti-smRti kA artha hai-pUrvajanma kI smRti| pUrvajanma kI smRti (jAti-smRti) 'mati jJAna' kA hI eka vizeSa prakAra hai| isase pichale aneka samanaska jIvanoM kI ghaTanAvAliyAM jAnI jA sakatI haiN| pUrvajanma meM ghaTita ghaTanA ke samAna ghaTanA ghaTane para vaha pUrvaparicita-sI lagatI hai| IhA, apoha, mArgaNA aura gaveSaNA karane se citta kI ekAgratA aura zuddhi hone para pUrvajanma kI smRti utpanna hotI hai| saba samanaska jIvoM ko pUrvajanma kI smRti nahIM hotI, isakI kAraNa-mImAMsA karate hue AcArya ne likhA hai "jAyamANassa jaM dukkhaM, maramANassa vA punno| teNa dukkheNa saMmUDho, jAI sarai na appnno||" -vyakti 'mRtyu' aura 'janma' kI vedanA se sammUDha ho jAtA hai; isalie sAdhAraNatayA use jAti kI smRti nahIM hotii| eka hI jIvana meM duHkha-vyagradatA (sammoha-dazA) meM smRti-bhraMza ho jAtA hai, taba vaisI sthiti meM pUrvajanma kI smRti lupta ho jAe, usameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| pUrvajanma kI smRti-sAdhana mastiSka Adi nahIM hote, phira bhI AtmA ke dRDha-saMskAra aura jJAna-bala se usakI smRti ho AtI hai| isalie jJAna do prakAra kA batalAyA hai-isa janma kA jJAna aura agale janma kA jJAna /

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 85 jAti-smaraNa jJAna kI agaNita ghaTanAeM jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hai / isameM vizeSataH meghakumAra (jo magadha- nareza zreNika bimbisAra kA putra thA) ko bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA jAti - smaraNa jJAna karAne kI ghaTanA ullekhanIya hai / meghakumAra ko apane pichale janma meM hAthI ke janma kI smRti huii| usase prerita ho meghakumAra pratibuddha hue / ' vibhinna dharma-darzanoM meM punarjanmavAda prAgaitihAsika mAnava sambandhI khojoM se jJAta huA hai ki Aja se lagabhaga pacAsa hajAra varSa pUrva bhI niaDaMrathAla- mAnava ke mastiSka meM AtmA kI amaratA ke bAre meM kucha aspaSTa se vicAra avazya the| mRtaka ko Adara pUrvaka khAne-pIne kI anekAneka vastuoM sahita daphanAyA jAtA thA / kucha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM jaise - vebara, maikaDonala va viMTaraniTsa Adi kA mata hai ki janma-janmAMtara kA RRgveda meM kahIM ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai va isa vicAra kA praveza hiMdU-dharma darzana meM paravartI yuga meM huA hai / kintu Rgveda ke adhika gahana adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AtmA kI amaratA va janmAMtara Adi ke bAre meM maMtrabhAga meM bIja rUpa meM jo vicAra haiM ve hI brAhmaNa AraNyaka va upaniSadoM meM jAkara vikasita rUpa meM prasphuTita hue haiN| purANoM, smRtiyoM, rAmAyaNa va mahAbhArata Adi graMthoM meM to punarjanma-saMbaMdhI anekAneka vistRta ullekha milate hI haiM / bauddha dharma meM bhI punarjanma ke viSaya meM 'jAtaka' sAhitya upalabdha hai / vizva ke anya do pramukha dharmoM - IsAI va islAma ke anuyAyI prAya: punarjanma meM AsthA nahIM rakhate, kiMtu yaha ullekhanIya hai ki bAibila va kurAna Adi granthoM meM punarjanma-samarthaka vicAroM kI ora aneka Adhunika vidvAnoM ne dhyAna AkarSita karate hue yaha darzAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki vAstava meM ye dharma bhI punarjanma ke vicAra ke virodhI nahIM hai / apanI eka pustikA 'TU kesa phAra riiMkAranezana' meM lekhaka zrI leslI DI vedaraheDa ne IsAI mata ke sandarbha meM isI bAta ke spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki IsA ne yadyapi punarjanma kA pratyakSa rUpa se pratipAdana nahIM kiyA hai, kintu sAtha hI unhoMne kabhI isakA virodha bhI nahIM kiyA / vastutaH unake samaya meM yahUdI dharma meM yaha vicAradhArA pahale se hI pracalita thI / prAcIna carca punarjanma kA samarthaka thA - IsA se 553 varSa bAda 'kAMsTanaTipola' kI sabhA ke bAda hI 2 ke virodha meM 3 matoM se 1. jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra, adhyayana 1 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa kRta sambodhi / 2. vaidaraheDha, leslI DI0, d kesa phaoNra rIiMkAranezana', belamaoNnTa, 1963 /

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86 jaina darzana aura vijJAna isako asvIkAra kiyA gyaa| orijena, saMta AgastIna va asIsI ke saMta phrAnsisa ne phira bhI apane graMtho meM isa vicAra kA samarthana hI kiyA hai| isI taraha, kurAna kI nimna AyoM meM bhI punarjanma ke vicAra kA samarthana dekhA gayA hai: "kyoM kupha karate ho sAtha allAha ke aura the tum| murde pasa jilAyA tumako, phira murdA karegA tumako, phira jilAegA tumako, phira usake phira jaaoge|" (sU. rU. 3, Ayata 7) "allAha vaha hai jisane paidA kiyA tumAko, rijka diyA tumako phira jilAyegA tumko|" (sU. 30, rU. 4 Ayata 13) zrI I. DI. vAkara ne apanI pustaka 'riiMkAranezana' meM likhA hai, "araba dArzanikoM kA yaha eka priya siddhAMta thA aura aneka musalamAna lekhakoM kI pustakoM meM isakA ullekha abhI bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai|''2 prAcIna yUnAnI vicAraka-vidvAna pAithAgorasa, sukarAta, pleTo, plUTArka, plATInasa Adi ke vicAroM meM bhI hameM "purnajanma kI AsthA kI spaSTa jhalaka milatI hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne punarjanma ke lie ribartha, maiTamasAikosisa, TrAMsamAigrezana, polijenisisa va riembADImeMTa Adi vibhinna zabdoM kA kabhI-kabhI eka hI-kabhI kucha bhinna-se arthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai| punarjanma meM vizvAsa prakaTa karane vAle anya aneka dArzanikoM, lekhakoM va kaviyoM me spinojA, rUso, zainiMga, imarsana, DrADaDana, varDsavartha, zailI va bAUniMga Adi kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| josephahIDa va keMsaTana ne savA tIna sau pRSTha kI eka pustaka riiMkAranezana' meM vizva ke vibhinna dharmoM meM vyApta dArzanikoM, kaviyoM va vaijJAnikoM Adi ke punarjanma saMbaMdhI vicAroM kA saMkalana prastuta kiyA hai| vastuta: itihAsa ke pratyeka yuga meM vizva-bhara ke sabhI darzanoM-dharmoM meM va jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM zIrSastha sthAna rakhane vAle vyaktiyoM ke vicAroM meM punarjanma ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| tArkika AdhAroM para khaNDana-maNDana kA krama prAcIna kAla meM hI nahIM, Adhunika dArzanikoM meM bhI calA hai| Adhunika pAzcAtya dArzanika DaoN. mekaTegArTa jahAM punarjanma ke pakSadhara haiM, vahAM piMgala-peTisana Adi unake vipakSI haiN| DaoN. TI. jI. 1. vaidaraheDa, leslI DI0, d kesa phaoNra rIiMkAranezana, belamaoNnTa, 1963, pR. 4 / 2. vaoNkara I0 DI0, rIiMkAranezana-e sTaDI oNva phaoNragaiTana Tutha', yunivarsiTI buksa, nyUyArka, 1965 / 3. haiDa jaoNsepha. va krensaTana, esa. ela., 'rIiMkAranezana-ena IsTa-vesTa entholaoNjI d jUliyana presa, nyUyArka, 1961 /

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 87 kalaghaTagI ne to isake tArkika prAmANya ko asaMbhava aura anapekSita mAnA hai| unake anusAra yaha viziSTa draSTAoM ke parama jJAna aura anubhUti ke dvArA vyakti siddhAMta hai| para DaoN. mekaTegArTa ne punarjanma kI vAstavikatA ko tArkika AdhAroM para pramANita karane kI ceSTA kI hai| unake anusAra yadi yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki vartamAna jIvana ke pUrva aura pazcAt bhI jIvana hai, to pUrvajanma ke sAtha anazvaratA kA siddhAMta bhI apane Apa siddha ho jAtA hai| punarjanma ke vipakSiyoM dvArA sabase prabala tarka yahI diyA gayA hai ki pUrvajanma kI koI smRti hameM nahI hai| piMgala-peTisana ne DaoN. mekaTegArTa kI isa mAnyatA ko ki-"AtmA eka zAzvata dravya hai jisameM traikAlika astitva sadA amara banA rahatA hai,'' samartha tarkAdhArita mAnane se isalie inakAra kiyA hai ki pUrvajanma kI smRti ke abhAva meM AtmA kI satatatA kI atubhUti nahIM hotii| yadi pUrvajanma kI smRti vAstavika tathya ke rUpa meM pramANita ho jAtI hai, to rjinma kA siddhAMta svata: siddha ho jAtA hai| DaoN. kalaghaTagI ne pUrvajanma kI smRti ke pramANa ko punarjanma kI mAnyatA ko siddha karane ke lie yathArtha mAnA hai| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUrvajanma smRti vAstavika astitvavAdI (Astika) darzana ke lie eka aisA sabala evaM pratyakSa pramANa bana jAtA hai jisake lie phira tarka yA anumAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jaatii| vaijJAnika dRSTi se vizleSaNa karane para 'punarjanmavAda' kA prAmANya do bAtoM, para AdhArita ho jAtA hai (1) pUrvajanma-smRti kI ghaTanAeM vAstavika haiM yA nahIM, ise pramANita krnaa| (2) yadi ye ghaTanAeM vastuta: hI ghaTita haiM, to ina ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA karane meM punarjanmavAda kI parikalpanA hI kevala sakSama hai, ise pramANita krnaa| yadi ina donoM bAtoM ko siddha kara diyA jAtA hai, to AtmA kA svataMtra evaM zAzvata astitva eka vaijJAnika tathya ke rUpa meM sthita ho jAtA hai| parAmanovijJAna punarjanma ke viSaya meM vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna kA kArya parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM kiyA gayA hai| isase pUrva ki parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM isa sambandha meM kyA kArya huA usakI carcA kareM, hama parAmanovijJAna ke itihAsa ke viSaya meM pahale saMkSipta carcA kara leM tAki vaijJAnika kSetra meM punarjanma, atIndriya jJAna atIndriya zakti Adi parAsAmAnya viSayoM ke anusaMdhAna ke kramika vikAsa se hama paricita ho skeN| parAsAmAnya ghaTanAoM ke vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna kA prArambha "prajAtmA yA "bhUtAveza'' sambandhI ghaTanAoM ke adhyayana se hotA hai / san 1957 meM The Book of the Spirits kA prakAzana huaa|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna pretAtmAoM ke astitva, unase vArtAlApa karane kI saMbhAvanA Adi AsthAoM ke AdhAra para aneka naitika mAnyatAoM va AcAroM kA pratipAdana karate hue eka naye AMdolana - pratikavAda (spiricyualijma) kA prAdurbhAva huA aura zanai: zanai: isake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI gaI / pretatva saMbaMdhI praghaTanAoM ke vistAra, prabhAva va unake prati jAgRta abhiruciyoM ne aneka dArzanikoM, vidvAnoM va vaijJAnikoM ko jhakajhora DAlA / ina sabhI ghaTanAoM ke pIche vAstava meM satya kyA hai va use kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai? kyA koI aisA prayAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa ina mahattvapUrNa praznoM ke vivAda - rahita, sunizcita uttara sarva - sulabha ho sakeM? 88 lagabhaga isI samaya vidvAnoM, vicArakoM va vaijJAnikoM ko kucha anya milatIjulatI sI ghaTanAoM kI avyAkhyeyatA kI cunautI kA sAmanA karanA par3a rahA thA / ina praghaTanAoM kA sambandha mUlataH mana kI eka viziSTa avasthA se thA jise Aja 'sammohana' (hipnoTijma) kahA jAtA hai / vaise to 1779 meM maismara dvArA rogiyoM ke upacAra ke lie isa para AdhArita eka naI paddhati kA AviSkAra kara liyA gayA thA / usake anusAra "brAhmaNDIya maNDala, pRthvI va jIvita prANI paraspara eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM / " yaha prabhAva eka sarvavyApI drava ke mAdhyama se par3atA hai| yaha drava manuSya ke zarIra meM snAyu tattvoM dvArA prasArita rahatA hai jo manuSya ke zarIra ko cumbakIya vizeSatAeM pradAna karatA hai / maismara kA vicAra thA ki yadi isa drava ko nizcita prakAra se nirdiSTa kiyA jAe, to usase sabhI prakAra ke rogiyoM kA upacAra saMbhava hai / isa samaya maismara ke upacAra kI dhUma macI huI thii| para isa bAta para vivAda utpanna ho gayA ki upacAroM kI prabhAvotpAdakatA kisI jaivika cumbakatva (enImala maiganeTijma) ke kAraNa hai athavA mAnasika kalpanAzakti ke kAraNa / donoM matoM ke bIca vivAda Aja taka pUrNata: sulajhA nahIM hai| maismara ke rogI yadyapi hisTIriyA ke lakSaNa yathA, saMjJAzUnyatA, aiMThana va atiutsAha Adi pradarzita karate rahe the, lekina unameM abhI taka koI parAsAmAnya lakSaNa nahIM ubharA thaa| 1874 ke karIba maismara kA eka ziSya mArakvisa DI. pyUsegara eka bAra kucha kisAnoM kA upacAra kara rahA thA / upacAra ke daurAna usane dekhA ki usakA eka 23 varSIya kisAna eka vicitra prakAra kI nidrA meM lIna hokara haMsane, bolane va anya dainandinI kriyAoM ko pUrva kI apekSA aura bhI adhika buddhimattA se sampanna karane lagA hai| aura, sabase vicitra bAta to yaha thI ki usane svayaM hI apane roga kA pUrA vivaraNa aura upacAra btaayaa| dhIre-dhIre anya rogI

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 89 rogI bhI aisA karane lage / aba ve svayaM apane cikitsaka hI nahIM ho gaye, ve upacArakartA ke vicAroM ko bhI par3hane lage / chupAI huI vastuoM ko DhUMDha nikAlane lage- yahAM taka ki sahI-sahI bhaviSyavANiyAM bhI karane lage / anya kaI aura vyakti pyUsegara kI vidhi se rogiyoM ko isI taraha kI sthiti meM, jise bAda meM 'somanAmbyUljmi' (nidrAcAra ) kahA gayA, lAne lge| eka vyakti ne isa avasthA meM peTa se sunane va aMguliyoM ke poroM se dekhane kI zakti pradarzita kii| jAgRta 'somanAmbyUlijma' kI khoja bar3I AkarSaka rahI zIghra hI sthAna-sthAna para isa taraha ke prayoga kiye jAne lage / kucha cikitsoM ne 'cumbakIya-nidrA' ke daurAna rogiyoM para vedanArahita zalya- cikitsA bhI kI / Aja to yaha Ama bAta hai kintu usa samaya ina bAtoM se vaijJAnika kSetroM meM bar3I uthala-puthala huii| 1849 ke lagabhaga mainacesTara ke eka DaoN. jemsa breDa ne bahutata-prayoga karake yaha vicAra rakhA ki maiganeTijma, somanAmbyUlijma va sujhAva - grahaNa - zIlatA tInoM meM mana kI eka samAna viziSTa avasthA vidyamAna rahatI hai / breDa ne hI sarvaprathama 'hipnoTijma' zabda kA prayoga prArambha kiyA / unIsavIM zatAbdI kI hI tIsarI pramukha vicArAtmaka zakti jise hama 'parAsAmAnya' ke adhyayana kI mukhya preraka zaktiyoM meM se eka mAna sakate haiM vaha hai bhautika vidvAnoM dvArA vikasita vizva-saMdarbha (varlDa paraspekTiva) / nyUTana ke gurutvAkarSaNa ke siddhAnta va gati ke tIna niyamoM ke AdhAra para bhautika zAstriyoM va gaNitajJoM ko zIghra hI yaha lagane lagA ki sRSTi kA hara rahasya unhoMne udghATita kara liyA hai / sampUrNa sRSTi eka vizAla yantra yA mazIna kI bhAMti hai| usake mUla tattva haiM choTe-choTe aNu, viliyarDa geMda kI bhAMti ekadama Thosa / ye aNu eka sarvavyApI Ithara meM cakrAkAra gati se ghUmate rahate haiM / aNuoM kI sabhI gatiyAM pUrNata: kArya kAraNa ke niyamoM se niyamita rahatI haiN| bhautika- gaNitIya saMdarbha meM kucha bhI visaMgata, avyakta, avyavasthita yA atArkika nahIM thA / jagat meM sabhI kucha vyAkhyeya thA / prakRti ke sabhI niyama spaSTa va aTUTa haiN| sabhI kucha endriyAnubhavika (impIrikala ) thA / binA indriyoM ke kisI anya bhaviSyabodha Adi kI bAteM kevala mUrkhatApUrNa bakavAsa hI ho sakatI thiiN| parAsAmAnya ko vijJAna ke kSetra meM koI sthAna nahIM thA / isa taraha unnIsavIM zatAbdI taka vijJAna ke vividha anveSakoM ne yaha lagabhaga siddha hI kara diyA thA ki sArI sRSTi sampUrNa prakRti mAtra kucha bhautika zaktiyoM kI hI eka vyavasthA hai / astu, eka ora praitikavAda ke udaya ke sAtha hI AtmA, pretAtmA, atijIvana, mRtAtmA - AvAhana va unase saMdeza - prApti Adi se saMbaMdhita ghaTanAoM kI bAr3ha aura usake sAtha-hI-sAtha jaivika cumbakatva, sammohana, sujhAvagrahaNazIlatA

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90 jaina darzana aura vijJAna Adi ke prayoga meM abhivyakta atIndriya bodha ke lagabhaga akATya pramANoM kA abhyudaya, ina donoM kA vijJAna kI bhautikavAdI mUla sthApanAoM se sIdhA TakarAva: pariNAma-svarUpa jagaha-jagaha saMvedanazIla vicArakoM ko yaha socane ko bAdhya honA ki yathArtha ko nizcita rUpa se kaise jAnA jaae| mAnyatAoM meM vivAda cAhe jitanA bhISaNa rahA ho, isa bAre meM aba lagabhaga mataikya thA ki vivAda kA nipaTArA kisa mArga se saMbhava hai| yaha mArga hai-prAkkalpanAoM (hAipothIsisa), prekSaNoM (Avajarvezana) va prayogoM (eksaperImenTsa) kA yAnI vijJAna kaa| pariNAmasvarUpa huA-eka navIna vijJAna kA udbhava-sabhI prakAra kI parAsAmAnya praghaTanAoM kA pUrvAgraha-mukta dRSTi se vaijJAnika vidhiyoM dvArA adhyayana karane vAle vijJAna-parAmanovijJAna kaa| - 1934 meM hI kucha aise prayoga kie gae, jinase ki 'mana:prabhAva' (sAikokAinesisa) yAnI mana dvArA padArtha ko pramANita karane kI kSamatA kI jAMca kI jA ske| aneka varSoM taka kie gae prayogoM ke AdhAra para yaha bhI lagabhaga siddha kara diyA gayA ki vyaktiyoM meM mana:prabhAva kI zakti bhI hotI hai| 1948 meM jaba DaoN. rAina ne rica Apha d mAiMDa' nAmaka pustaka prakAzita kI taba taka parAmanovijJAna spaSTata: eka vijJAna ke rUpa meM ubhara kara Ane lagA thaa| isakA apanA hI eka viziSTa adhyayana kSetra ubharA jisa para anya kisI vijJAna kA dAvA nahIM thaa| isa kSetra kI spaSTa sImAeM bhI thIM aura isakI adhyayana-vastu ko vargIkRta bhI kiyA jA sakatA thaa| vibhinna prakAra kI vargIkRta zreNiyoM ke adhyayana heta upayukta paddhati-vijJAna (methaDolaoNjI) bhI vikasita kara liyA gayA hai| 1932 meM DaoN. rAina ne DyUka vizvavidyAlaya se alaga eka pratiSThAna kI sthApanA karake usake tatvAvadhAna meM kArya karanA prArambha kiyaa| isa pratiSThAna ko nAma diyA gayA phAuMDezana phaoNra risarca inTU d necara oNva main'| isa zatAbdI ke chaThe dazaka meM amerikA meM vyAvasAyika parAmanAvaijJAnika zodhakartAoM ke eka saMgaThana 'pairAsAikolaoNjIzana esosiezana' kI sthApanA kI gii| isa saMgaThana ke tIna bAra yaha prayatna kiyA ki amerikA meM vijJAna kI sabase bar3I saMsthA 'amerikana esosiezana phaoNra d eDavAnsameMTa oNva sAiMsa' dvArA parAmanovijJAna ko eka vijJAna ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI jAe, lekina isa dAve ko sadA asvIkAra kiyA gyaa| 1969 meM pairAsAikolaoNjikala esosiezana ne mAnyatA prApti hetu puna: prayatna kiyaa| amerikana esosiezana phaoNra da euvAMsameMTa oNva sAiMsa jo amerikA kA sarvocca vaijJAnika pratiSThAna hai ke dvArA parAmanovijJAna ko mAnyatA mila gaI / Aja vizva ke lagabhaga sabhI dezoM meM sarakArI va gaira-sarakArI saMsthAoM dvArA

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna parAmanovaijJAnika zodha-kArya kiyA jA rahA hai| punarjanma para parAmanovijJAna meM anusandhAna : itihAsa pichalI zatAbdI ke antima dazaka meM bhI zrI phIlDiMga hAla ne unake dvArA barmA meM adhyayana kiye gaye 6 punarjanma vRttAMto ko prakAzita kiyA thA, kintu gaMbhIra evaM vyavasthita DhaMga se punarjanma kI sAkSiyoM kI jAMca prArambha karane kA zreya bhArata ke rAyabahAdura zyAmasuMdaralAla ko, jo ki kizanagar3ha (rAjasthAna) ke dIvAna rahe, diyA jA sakatA hai| san 1922-23 meM Apane apane eka sAthI zrI rAmagopAla mizra ke sahayoga se punarjanama ke vRttAntoM kI khojabIna hetu eka 'phArmara lAipha risarca esosiezana' kA gaThana kiyaa| ___pAzcAtya deze meM bhI yadA-kadA ubhara Ane vAlI pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM ke vRttAMtoM kI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa hone lgaa| zrI gebriyala DilenI ne 1924 meM apane paricita va svayaM ke adhyayana kiye hue kucha punarjanma kI smRttiyoM ke vRttAMta eka pustaka meM prakAzita kiye| kucha varSa pazcAt eka anya vidvAna zrI raoNlpha zirle ne kucha DilenI dvArA varNita va kucha svayaM adhyayana kiye hue pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM ke vivaraNa d prAblama Apha ribartha' nAmaka pustaka meM prakAzita kiye| bhArata meM kekayI nandana sahAya, esa. sI. bosa, hemendra nAtha banarjI, kIrti svarUpa rAvata Adi dvArA isa dizA meM vizeSa prayatna kie ge| saubhAgya se pichale 15 varSoM se isa dizA meM mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA gayA hai| vizva ke vaijJAnikoM kA dhyAna kAphI arse se ina ghaTanAoM kI ora khIMca cukA thaa| vizva meM aneka sthAnoM para parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM vaijJAnika paddhati se zodha kArya karane ke lie jo zodha-saMsthAna sthApita hue haiM, unameM ina pUrva-janma-smRti ghaTanAoM kA vaijJAnika rUpa se adhyayana kiyA jA rahA hai| paiMsilaveniyA vizvavidyAlaya, klArka vizvavidyAlaya (borasesTara mesecyUsaTsa), sTeNDaphorDa vizvavidyAlaya, hAravArDa vizvavidyAlaya, DyUka vizvavidyAlaya, liMDana vizvavidyAlaya, uTresTa vizvavidyAlaya (haoNleNDa), kembrIja vizvavidyAlaya, phrAIbarga vizvavidyAlaya (pa0 jarmanI), piTsavarga vizvavidyAlaya, seMTa losephja kaoNleja (philADelaphiyA), veleNDa kaoNleja (plenvyU, TaiksAsa), nezanala liTorala vizvavidyAlaya (rojAdiyo ArjenTInA), leninagrADa sTeTa vizvavidyAlaya (yU. esa. esa. Ara.) kiMgsa kaoNleja vizvavidyAlaya (haliphaiksa) tathA virjiniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke antargata ke bIsoM coTI ke vaijJAnika, manazcikitsaka evaM manovijJAnavid parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM zuddha vaijJAnika dRSTi se kArya kara rahe haiN| pUrva-janma-smRti yA aisI anya parA-sAmAnya ghaTanAoM kA sarvekSaNa satyatA kI jAMca, tathyoM kA vizleSaNa saMbaMdhita zAkSiyoM kA parIkSaNa Adi kA niSpakSa evaM

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92 vastu - sApekSa (oNbjekTiva) adhyayana kiyA jA rahA hai / udAharaNasvarUpa hama virjiniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke antargata cala rahe kArya kI carcA yahAM kara rahe haiN| virjiniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke antargata "skUla oNpha meDisina' meM sAyakyATrI vibhAga kA " parAmanovijJAna saMbhAga " vyavasthita rUpa se isa zodha kArya meM lagA huA hai| DaoN. IyAna sTIvanasana, ema. DI. svayaM eka suprasiddha manazcikitsaka haiM, tathA "kArlasana prophesara oNpha sAyakyATrI" ke rUpa meM vibhAga kA nidezana kara rahe haiN| DaoN. sTIvanasana evaM unake nidezana meM zodharata dala vizva ke vibhinna dezoM meM ghaTita pUrva-janma- -smRti kI ghaTanAoM ke sarvAMgINa adhyayana evaM zodha me saMlagna haiM / bhArata ke atirikta silona, barmA, thAIlaiNDa, lebanAna, brAjIla, alAskA Adi dezoM se ukta prakAra kI ghaTanAoM kI jAnakArI unheM prApta huI haiM tathA isa silasile meM aneka bAra ina dezoM kI yAtrAeM kI haiN| DaoN. sTIvanasana manovijJAna (sAyakolojI) ke abhinava vizleSaNoM aura siddhAntoM ke prakANDa vidvAna haiN| unakA samagra adhyayana eka gaharI aura painI dRSTi lie hue hai / ghaTanAoM ke jAMca kArya meM unameM vakIla kA cAturya aura tarka kI prabalatA spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai / vibhinna dezoM kI saMskRti, dharma, darzana, itihAsa, bhUgola Adi se saMbaMdhita apekSita jJAna kI maulika evaM pUrNa jAnakArI bhI ve rakhate haiM / jaina darzana aura vijJAna DaoN. sTIvanasana dvArA likhita " dI eviDeMsa phAra saravAivala phoma kleimDa memorija oNpha phormara inakAranezanasa" san 1960 meM jarnala oNpha amerikana sosAyaTI oNpha sAyakikala risarca meM prakAzita hokara 1961 meM pustaka rUpa meM iMglaiNDa se prakAzita huaa| isake bAda san 1966 meM bIsa ghaTanAoM ke sampUrNa evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana para AdhArita unakA sabase mahattvapUrNa grantha " TveNTI keseja sejasTIva oNpha riinakAranezana'' prakAzita huA / isake pazcAt bhI samaya-samaya para isa viSaya meM unake lekha evaM pustakeM prakAzita hotI rahI haiN| isa dizA meM nirataMra kArya ho rahA hai| ghaTanAoM meM bhI kAphI vRddhi huI hai / san 1969-70 meM do varSo ke andara hI bhArata meM 108 evaM barmA meM 80 ghaTanAeM prakAza meM AI / udAharaNa-svarUpa brAjIla kI eka ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai: brAjIla meM ar3hAI varSa kI bAlikA ko pUrva-janma kI smRti - san 1918 agasta kI 14 tArIkha ko brAjIla deza meM Doma phelisiyAno nAmaka eka choTe gAMva meM rahane vAle eka parivAra meM eka bAlikA kA janma huA / pitA epha. vhI. laureMja tathA mAtA IdA laureMja ne usakA nAma mArTA rkhaa| mArTA jaba ar3hAI varSa kI huI thI- eka dina vaha apanI bahina lIlA ke sAtha ghara se thor3I dUra Ae hue eka nAle para gaI thii| yahAM se vApisa ghara lauTate samaya usane lIlA se

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 93 kahA - "mujhe goda meM uThAkara le calo / jaba pahale tUM choTI thI aura maiM bar3I thI taba maiM tujhe goda meM uThAkara ghumAtI thI / " choTI bahina ke muMha se isa prakAra kI bAta sunakara bar3I bahina ko haMsI A gii| usane pUchA- tuma bar3I kaba thI ? mArTA ne kahA- usa samaya maiM isa ghara meM nahIM rahatI thI / merA ghara yahAM se kAphI dUra thaa| vahAM aneka gAya, baila Adi hamAre ghara pAle hue the tathA nAraMgI ke per3a the| vahAM kucha bakare jaise pazu bhI pAle hue the para ve bakare nahIM the / isa prakAra bAtacIta karate hue mArTA aura lIlA jaba ghara pahuMcI, lIlA ne sArI bAta apane mAtA - pitA se kahI / pitA ne mArTA se kahA- jisa ghara kI tuma carcA kara rahI ho vahAM hama kabhI nahIM rahe / mArTA ne turanta uttara diyA- usa samaya Apa hamAre mAtA-pitA nahIM the, ve dUsare the| choTI baccI kI pAgala kI-sI bAteM sunakara usakI eka anya bahina ne majAka meM hI mArTA se pUchA taba phira tumhAre ghara eka choTI habsI naukarAnI (lar3akI) bhI thI, jaise apane ghara meM abhI hai ! isa majAka se bilkula bhI baicena nahIM huI usane kahA - nA, hamAre ghara meM jo habzI naukarAnI thI, kAphI bar3I thii| eka rasoIyana bhI habzI thI tathA vahAM dUsare eka habzI lar3akA bhI kAma karatA thaa| eka bAra vaha lar3akA becArA pAnI lAnA bhUla gayA thA, taba mere pitA ne use bahuta pITA thA / pitA (epha. vhI. laureMja) bole- merI pyArI beTI, maiMne to kabhI habzI bacce ko nahIM pITA hai| mArTA bolI- - para vaha to mere dUsare pitA the / jyohI usa lar3ake ko pitAjI pITanA zurU kiyA vaha lar3akA mujhe bulAtA huA cillAne lagA - are sihnA ! mujhe bcaao| maiMne turanta pitAjI se nivedana kiyA- use chor3a do aura phira vaha pAnI bharane calA gayA / epha. vhI. laureMja ne pUchA- to kyA vaha nAle para pAnI bharane calA gayA ? mArTA ne kahA- nA pitAjI ! vahAM Asa pAsa meM kahIM nAlA nahIM thA, vaha kue se pAnI lAtA thA / pitA ne pUchA, beTI sihnA jihnA kauna thI / mArTA ne kahA-vaha to maiM hI thii| merA dUsarA nAma bhI thaa| mujhe mAriyA bhI kahate the aura eka nAma aura bhI thA jo ki mujhe yAda nahIM hai / isake pazcAt to mArTA ne aura bhI aneka bAteM apane pUrva janma ke saMbaMdha meM btaaii| usane yaha batAyA ki 'merI isa janma kI mAtA IdA laureMja pUrva janma

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94 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM merI sakhI thii| maiM (sinA-jihnA) apanI sakhI ke ghara AtI-jAtI rahatI thI aura isa daurAna maiM lIlA ko khilAtI thI tathA use goda meM uThAkara ghumAtI thii| epha. vhI. laureMja ke putra kArlosa kI maiM (sinA-jihnA) dharma-mAtA banI thii| jaba IdA mere ghara AtI to maiM usake lie kAphI banAtI aura phonogrApha bjaatii| mere pUrvajanma ke pitA Ayu meM epha. vhI. laureMja se bar3e the| lambI dAr3hI rakhate the tathA bar3e karkaza AvAja meM bolate the| merI zAdI nahIM huI thii| para maiM jisa puruSa se prema karatI thI, mere pitAjI use pasanda nahIM karate the| usa puruSa ne Atma-hatyA kara lii| isake bAda eka dUsare vyakti se merA prema ho gyaa| use bhI mere pitAjI pasanda nahIM karate the| isase maiM bahuta du:khI aura nirAza ho gii| mere pitA ne mujhe khuza karane ke lie samudrataTIya pradeza meM ghUmane-phirane kA kAryakrama banAyA jahAM maine apane zarIra ke prati lAparavAha hokara ThaNDI aura nama havA meM aparyApta vastroM ke sAtha ghUmanA zurU kiyA aura usake pariNAma svarUpa mujhe TI. bI. kI bImArI ho gaI / isa bImArI ke kucha hI mahInoM merI mRtyu ho gii| jaba maiM mRtyu-zaiyyA para thI, merI pyArI sakhI IdA mere pAsa thii| usa samaya maiMne IdA se batAyA ki maiM jAna-bUjhakara bImAra huI thI, maiM maranA cAhatI thii| marane ke bAda mai tumhArI putrI ke rUpa meM puna: janma lUMgI aura bolane jitanI umra hone para pUrva janma kI bAteM tumheM batAUMgI, jisase tumheM vizvAsa ho jAegA ki maiM (silA-jihvA) hI tumhArI putrI banI huuN|" sinA-jihnA kI mRtyu san 1917 ke akTUbara meM huI thI, jisake lagabhaga dasa mahIne pazcAt arthAt 14 agasta 1918 ko mArTA kA janma huA thaa| mArTA ne lagabhaga 120 bAteM apane pUrva janma ke saMbaMdha meM batAI jinameM se kucha bAteM to IdA (mArTA kI mAtA) aura epha. vhI. laureMja jAnate the| kucha bAteM aisI bhI thI jinakA inako patA nahIM thA para usakI puSTi sinA-jihnA ke anya pArivArika sadasyoM ne kii| san 1962 meM jaba DaoN. IyAna sTIvanasana ne mArTA se bheMTa kI usa samaya bhI use apane pUrva janma kI aneka bAteM yAda thiiN| aisI eka do yA dasa bIsa nahIM, bAraha sau se bhI adhika ghaTanAeM vizva bhara meM vibhinna dezoM meM prakAza meM AI haiN| ___ DaoN. kalaghaTagI ne bhI eka santa sadgurU kezavadAsajI ke dvArA batAI gaI do ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| eka meM eka iTalI ke DenTisTa DaoN. gesTona dvArA apanA pUrva janma bhArata meM kAMcIpurama sthita kisI maMdira ke pujArI ke rUpa meM batAyA tathA maMdira kI sampUrNa pUjA-vidhi kA jJAna hone kA dAvA kiyA tathA dUsarI ghaTanA meM nyUyArka ke eka nIgro vyakti ne svAmI kezavadAsajI kI sabhA meM apanI pUrva janma kI smRti ke AdhAra para "lalita sahastranAma'' kaNThastha rUpa se sunAnA prAraMbha kiyA

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna tathA usane bhI apanA pUrva janma bhArata meM batAyA / ahamadAbAda meM eka bAlaka manoja dvArA apane pUrva janma ke samagra parivAra ko pahicAnane kI bAta sAmane AI / manoja ne, jo ki sAteka varSa kA bAlaka thA, apane pUrva janma kI patnI tathA do baccoM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI dI tathA unheM isa janma meM pahicAna liyA / manoja ke zarIra para golI ke cihna bhI the, jo usake bayAna ke 'anusAra usake pichale janma meM lagI thii| manoja kA eka hAtha bar3e AdamI kI taraha pUrI taraha moTA aura vikasita thA tathA dUsarA hAtha sAdhAraNa bacce kI taraha thA / jayapura kI eka lar3akI amitA (umra lagabhaga 10 varSa) apanI choTI umra se hI apane ko mahArAnI gAyatrIdevI kaoNleja kI ema. e. kI poliTikala sAinsa viSaya kI chAtrA batAtI thii| usane apane purAne ghara aura parivAra ko khoja nikAlA tathA chata para se girane ke kAraNa apanI mRtyu kA bayAna diyA, jo jAMca karane para sahI pAyA gyaa| pUrvajanma saMbaMdhI aneka aise vRttAMta pAye gaye haiM jinameM liMga parivartana varNita kiyA gayA hai| brAjIla ke polo lAreMja kA yaha vRttAMta isI taraha ke vRttAMto meM se hai: "mAM aba tuma mujhe apane putra ke rUpa meM lo, aba maiM tumhArA putra banakara janma luuNgii|'' zrI mati iDA loreMja nAmaka eka mahilA ko tIna bAra mRtAtmA Ahvana saMbaMdhI baiThakoM (siyAnsa) meM yaha saMdeza milA / saMdeza dene vAlI, koI aura nahIM, unhIM kI putrI imiliyA kI kathita mRtAtmA thI / imiliyA loreMja epha. bI. loreMja va iDA loreMja kI dUsarI saMtAna va sabase bar3I putrI thii| usakA janma 4 pharavarI 1902 ko huA thaa| usakA nAma 'imiliyA' usase pUrva utpanna eka putra - jisakI kucha varSa pUrva zaizavAsthA meM hI mRtyu ho gaI thI - 'imoliyo' para rakhA gayA thA / 95 sabhI prApta sUcanAoM se jJAna huA ki apane choTe-se jIvana meM imiliyA sadA atyanta duHkhI rhii| vaha hamezA svayaM ko isa bAta ke lie hI kosatI rahI ki vaha lar3akI kyoM hai, lar3akA kyoM nahIM / aneka bAra usane apane bhAI-bahinoM se kahA bhI ki yadi vAstava meM punarjanma hotA hai to vaha agale janma meM puruSa hI hogI / usake vivAha hetu aneka prastAva Aye, lekina usane sabhI ko ThukarA diyA / hIna va nirAzApUrNa bhAvanAoM se grasita usane aneka bAra AtmahatyA karane kA prayAsa kiyA / eka bAra viSa khA bhI liyA, lekina use bahuta-sA dUdha pilAkara bacA liyA gayA / kintu anta meM 12 akTUbara, 1921 ko usane eka bahuta teja jahara lekara Akhira apane jIvana kA anta kara hI diyA / imiliyA kI mRtyu se lagabhaga Der3ha varSa bAda 3 pharavarI, 1923 ko zrImati

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96 jaina darzana aura vijJAna loreMja ne eka putra ko janma diyaa| usakA nAma bhI unhoMne imiliyA hI rakhA, lekina bAda meM saba se 'polo' kahakara hI pukArane lge| mRta imiliyA va polo kI aneka pravRtiyoM va ruciyoM meM samAnatAeM pAI gii| imiliyA ko yAtrA karane kA bar3A zauka thaa| vaha aksara hI kahA karatI thI ki yadi vaha puruSa hotI to khUba naye-naye sthAnoM kI saira krtii| (usa jamAne meM vahAM striyoM ko ghUmane-phirane kI suvidhAeM nahIM thiiN|) polo ko bhI bhramaNa kA bahuta zauka hai-apanI chuTTiyAM vaha prAya: phirane meM hI vyatIta karatA hai| imiliyA silAI meM bahuta nipuNa thI aura polo meM, jaba vaha cAra varSa ke lagabhaga kA hI thA-binA sIkhe silAI meM nipuNatA pAI gii| imiliyA vAyalina sIkhane kI icchuka thI, kintu prayatna karane para bhI sIkha nahIM paaii| polo ne bhI bahuta prayAsa kiyA kintu asaphala hI rhaa| imiliyA meM DabalaroTI ke kone tor3ane kI eka vicitra-sI Adata thI-ThIka yahI Adata polo meM bhI pAI gii| polo ke vRttAMta meM punarjanma meM liMga-parivartana kI vizeSatA ke aneka prabhAva spaSTata: dekhe gaye haiN| polo kI bahinoM ne batAyA ki jaba vaha choTA thA, to usakI bAteM prAya: lar3akiyoM jaisI hI huA karatI thiiN| eka dina vaha bolA: "kyA maiM suMdadara nahIM hUM? aba maiM lar3akiyoM kI taraha hI rahA kruuNgaa| maiM lar3akI jo huuN|' lar3akA hote hue bhI use lar3akiyoM ke sAtha gur3iyoM se khelanA bahuta priya thaa| prathama cAra-pAMca varSoM taka to usane lar3akoM ke vastra pahane hI nahIM-sadA tIvra pratirodha karatA rhaa| jaba vaha pAMca varSa kA thA to imiliyA kI eka purAnI skarTa ko kAMTa-chAMTakara usake lie eka paiMTa banA dI gii| ise pahanakara vaha bahuta prasanna huA aura usake bAda se lar3akoM ke vastra pahanane ke viruddha usakA pratirodha samApta ho gyaa| 13-14 varSa kI Ayu taka usameM yadA-kadA strItva ke lakSaNa dRSTi-gocara ho jAte the| 1962 meM, jaba polo 39 varSa kA ho cukA thA, usake vyaktitva meM isa umra ke anya puruSoM kI apekSA nArI-tattvoM kI adhika pramukhatA pAI gii| aura apanI bahinoM ke atirikta usakA kisI anya strI se koI lagAva nahIM thaa| usane vivAha taka nahIM kiyaa| polo ke vyaktitva kI aura gaharI jAMca hetu mAnava zarIra ke citra banAne saMbaMdhI usakA eka parIkSaNa kiyA gyaa| isa parIkSaNa meM parIkSArthI ko mAnava zarIra kA tIna bAra citra banAne ko kahA jAtA hai| pahalA citra vaha kisa liMga kA-strI yA puruSa kA-banAye, isake lie use chUTa hotI hai| dUsarA citra use viparIta liMga kA banAne ko kahA jAtA hai aura tIsare citra ke bAre meM puna: chuTa hotI hai| parIkSA kA pariNAma isa bAta se AMkA jAtA hai ki parIkSArthI pahalA va tIsarA citra kisa

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 97 liMga kA banAtA hai aura isa bAta se ki usane ve tInoM citra kaise banAye haiN| polo ne pahalI aura tIsarI donoM 'chUToM' meM strI ke citra bnaaye| ukta ghaTanA ke ekadama viparIta aise bhI aneka dRSTAMta prApta hue haiM jinameM vartamAna janma kI lar3akI ne apanA pUrvajanma lar3ake ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| pUrvajanma ke vRttAtoM meM kabhI-kabhI aisA vRttAMta bhI mila jAte haiM, jinameM mAtra pichale eka hI nahIM usase bhI pahale ke aura janmoM kI smRtiyoM kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| gaveSaNA-paddhati parAmanovaijJAnika yA to svayaM ghaTanA-sthala para jAtA hai yA apane kisI sahAyaka anveSaka ko vahAM bhejakara aura vizvasanIya sUcanAeM prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| sabhI prakAra kI sUcanAeM ekatrita kara lene ke bAda parAmanovaijJAnika nimna bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sAre kesa kA mUlyAMkana karatA hai : 1. sabhI prApta sUcanAeM kahAM taka vizvasanIya haiM? / 2. kyA tathAkathita pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM meM nihita tathyoM kI jAnakArI sambandhita vyakti ke lie sAmAnyata: prApta kara pAnA saMbhava thA? 3. sambandhita vyakti dvArA parAsAmAnya jJAna zaktiyoM se yaha sUcanAeM prApta karanA kahAM taka sambhava thA? 4. kyA sambandhita vyakti ne ina smRtiyoM kA varNana kisI vizeSa avasthA jaise tandrA yA acetanAvasthA meM hI varNita kiyA thA, Adi? ___sAmAnya rUpa se pUrva janma kI smRti choTe baccoM meM hotI hai| ar3hAI-tIna varSa kI avasthA se lekara ATha-dasa varSa kI avasthA ke bacce hI Ama taura para isa kSamatA ke dhanI pAye gaye haiN| kahIM-kahIM to dasa mahIne kI Ayu meM bhI baccA yatkiciMta abhivyakti denA zurU kara detA hai| Ayu bar3hane ke sAtha sAdhAraNatayA yaha kSamatA kSINa hotI jAtI hai| apavAda rUpa meM bar3I Ayu vAloM meM bhI pUrva-janma-smRti upalabdha hotI huI pAyI jAtI hai| Ama-taura se pUrva-janma-smRti vAlA baccA jaba bolanA sIkha jAtA hai, taba vaha apane pUrvajanma ke viSaya meM kucha-kucha bAteM batAnA zurU kara detA hai| prAya: to mAtA-pitA aisI bAtoM para dhyAna hI nahIM dete yA use kevala pralApa yA bakavAsa samajha lete haiN| para, jaba vaha apanI bAta ko doharAtA hI rahatA hai yA bala detA rahatA

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98 jaina darzana aura vijJAna hai, taba mAtA-pitA yA pArivArika logoM kA dhyAna usa ora kendrita hotA hai| bahuta bAra to ve svayaM hI pUrva-janma ke ghaTanA sthala para pahuMca jAte haiM tathA bAlaka dvArA batAI gaI bAtoM kI satyatA jAMca karate haiN| kabhI-kabhI aisA nahIM ho paataa| gaveSaka logoM taka jaba aisI bAta pahuMcatI hai, taba ve jAMca hetu bAlaka ke ghara pahuMca jAte haiN| vahAM ve usakA pUrA bayAna le lete haiM tathA mAtA-pitA, pArivArika-jana ar3ausI-par3ausI Adi ke bhI bayAna lete hai| isake atirikta bhI jina vyaktiyoM kA sambandha ghaTanA se hotA hai, una sabake bayAna le liye jAte haiN| phira jisa sthAna meM bAlaka apanA pUrva janma Adi batAtA hai, vahAM jAkara una parivAravAloM ke bayAna liye jAte haiN| bayAnoM ke sAtha-sAtha gaveSaka loga praznoM aura pratipAdanoM ke dvArA bhI tathya ekatrita karate haiN| bayAnoM aura sAkSiyoM ke parIkSaNa ke pazcAt jo tathya ubharate haiM, una para cintana kiyA jAtA hai| ciMtana ke lie kaI sambhAvanAyeM kI jAtI haiN| sabase pahale to dhokhAdhar3I yA pUrva niyojita hone kI sambhAvanA ko lekara tathyoM para cintana kiyA jAtA hai-sAre bayAna, sAkSiyoM ke uttara, ghaTanAsthaloM kI bhaugolika paristhiti Adi ke AdhAra para yaha nizcita karanA kaThina nahIM hotA ki ghaTanA vAstavika hai yA dhokhA dene ke lie ghar3I huI hai| aba taka jina ghaTanAoM kI jAMca kI gaI hai, usameM dhokhA-dhar3I kI ghaTanAeM nagaNya saMkhyA meM pAI gaI hai| una aneka vRttAMto jinameM ki donoM vyaktiyoM ke nivAsoM meM saikar3oM yA hajAroM mIla kI dUrI rahI ho, kisI prakAra Arthika lAbha honA sambhava na rahA ho, aura pUrvajanma kI smRtiyAM varNita karane vAlA koI abodha bAlaka hI rahA ho-jaisA ki prAya: hotA hai, yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM lagatA ki ve sabhI vRttAMta managhar3ata kisse hI haiN| jina vRttAMtoM meM donoM ke janma ke vyaktiyoM meM kucha samAna yogayAtAeM yA zArIrika nizAna Adi pAye gaye haiM, unakI bhI vyAkhyA isa upakalpanA dvArA sambhava nahIM hai| dUsarI saMbhAvanA yaha kI jAtI hai ki donoM parivAroM ke bIca pratyakSa yA parokSa kisI prakAra kA sambandha hai yA nahIM / jahAM isa prakAra kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai, vahAM pUrva-janma sambandhI bAtoM ko isa kasauTI para kasA jAtA hai ki ye bAteM vastuta: pUrva-janma-smRti para AdhArita hai yA vartamAna janma meM hI kisI mAdhyama se jJAta kI gaI hai| jahAM donoM parivAroM meM samAnya mitra, sambandhI Adi hote hai, vahAM isa bAta ko bahuta sUkSmatA se tolA jAtA hai| vismRti aise vRttAMtoM meM yaha sambhAvanA bhI kI jAtI hai ki vAstavika srota kI vismRti ke kAraNa bAlaka apane pUrvajanma ke anubhava ke rUpa meM use mAnane lagA ho|

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna yaha sambhAvanA bhI aise vRttAMtoM ke lie hI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai jinameM ki bAlaka yA usake parivAra vAloM ke lie varNita mRtaka ke bAre meM bahuta-sI jAnakArI prApta karanA sambhava rahA ho| (kucha aise vRttAMtoM jinameM ki donoM vyakti eka hI parivAra ke the yA nikaTa hI rahane vAle the aisA honA sahaja hI sambhava hai kiMtu sudUra sthita eka atyanta sAmAnya-sA jIvana vyatIta kiye hue vyakti ke bAre meM bahuta-sI jAnakArI(vyaktigata va anya prakAra kI) prAya: kisI ko nahIM hotii| jinameM jAnakArI saMbhava rahI ho una vRttAMtoM ke bhI vyavahAra sambandhI tathyoM kI vyAkhyA isa upakalpanA dvArA nahIM kI jA sakatI / isa taraha ke vRttAMta hI adhika haiM jinameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki pUrvajanma vAle parivAra se isa janma ke parivAra vAloM kA kisI bhI taraha kA paricaya thA hI nhiiN| ___ kaI bAra aisA huA hai ki bAlaka ne akasmAt hI kisI pUrvajanma sambandhI vyakita ko bhIr3a meM se pahacAna liyA, aura use nAma lekara pukAra liyA, yA ki jaba kisI ne bAlaka se pUchA-acchA batalAo maiM kauna hUM? usane sahI uttara de diyaa| aise dRSTAMtoM ke lie bhI vismRti kI upakalpanA upayukta nahIM baitthtii| AnuvaMzika smRti isa upakalpanA dvArA bhI do prakAra ke vRttAMtoM kI vyAkhyA hI saMbhava hai-eka to ve vRttAMta jinameM ki vartamAna va pUrvajanma ke donoM vyakti eka hI parivAra ke va bhinna-bhinna pIr3hI ke hoN| aise vRttAMtoM vAstava meM haiM hI bahuta km| dUsare ve vRttAMta jinameM ki donoM janmoM ke bIca samaya kA bahuta lambA antarAla sadiyoM taka kA rahA ho| isa prakAra ke vRttAMta aura bhI kama-birale hI hote haiN| phira bhI yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai ki AnuvaMzika rUpa meM smRtiyoM kA hastAMtaraNa isa sImA taka to vaijJAnikoM dvArA nahIM khojA jA sakA hai| __ jina ghaTanAoM meM ukta saMbhAvanA kA bhI koI sthAna nahIM raha jAtA, vahAM yaha bhI eka saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai ki atIndriya jJAna yA TelIpethI (vicAra-saMpreSaNa yA dUrajJAna) kI sahAyatA se koI dUsare vyakti ke jIvana kI bAta batAtA ho| atIndriya pratyakSaNa zakti kisI vyakti ke atIndriya jJAna kI zakti ke dvArA kisI mRta vyakti sambandhI jAnakArI prApta karake use pUrvajanma kI smRti ke rUpa meM varNita karane kI sambhAvanA mahattvapUrNa to hai aura kadAcit kucha vRttAMtoM kI vyAkhyA isa upakalpanA dvArA bhI kI jA sake-kintu nissandeha bahuta se aise vRttAMta haiM, jinakI pUrNata: vyAkhyA isa upakalpanA dvArA nahIM kI jA sktii|

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100 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bAlaka dvArA varNita sacanAoM kA AdhAra atIndriya jJAna-zakti dvArA mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu usake dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA bhAvapUrNa vyavahAra kA AdhAra atIndriya jJAna-zakti se prApta sUcanAoM ko nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| eka prazna yaha bhI uThatA hai ki yadi ye sUcanAeM atIndriya jJAna-zakti dvArA hI prApta kI gaI haiM, to bAlaka inakA varNana pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM ke rUpa meM kyoM karatA hai? atIndriya jJAna-zakti se prApta sUcanAoM kA sabhI vyakti pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM ke rUpa meM to varNana nahIM krte| arthAt kucha vyakti to atIndriya jJAna-zakti se prApta sUcanAoM kA varNana pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM se dete haiM aura kucha vyakti isa rUpa meM nahIM, aisA kyoM? isa prazna ke uttara meM kabhI-kabhI yaha kahA jAtA hai ki aisA sAMskRtika prabhAvoM ke kAraNa hotA hai arthAt ve samAja jinakI saMskRti punarjanma kI mAnyatA meM AsthA rakhatI hai atIndriya zakti se prApta ye sUcanAeM pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM kA rUpa letI hai aura jina samAjoM meM isa taraha kI AsthA nahIM hai, vahAM aisA rUpa nahIM letii| yaha satya hai ki pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM ke dRSTAMta va sAMskRtika AsthA meM kAphI mahattvapUrNa sahasambandha pAyA gayA hai phira bhI hama yaha dekhate haiM ki una samAjoM meM jinakI saMskRti meM punarjanma meM kiMcit bhI AsthA nahIM pAI jAtI punarjanma ke kaI dRSTAMta pAye gaye haiN| amerikA, kanADA, iMglaiMDa va aneka anya aise deza haiM jinameM punarjanma-virodhI saMskRti pracalita hai aura jahAM ki bahuta se vyakti punarjanma ke bAre meM kucha jAnate hI nahIM haiM yA jo thor3e-bahuta loga jAnate haiM ve ise eziyAvAsiyoM kA mUrkhatApUrNa andhavizvAsa mAnate haiM, unameM bhI punarjanma ke dRSTAMta milate haiN| musalamAnoM taka meM isa taraha ke dRSTAMta pAye gaye haiN| kabhI-kabhI to aisA bhI huA hai ki jaba isa taraha kI sUcanAeM mastiSka meM isa taraha ubharane lagIM ki mAno ve pahale kI koI smRtiyAM ho to vyakti ne una para avizvAsa karake inheM smRtiyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karane kI ceSTA bhI kI, kiMtu unhoMne unheM bAra-bAra usI rUpa meM pAyA, jisameM ki atIta ke anubhavoM ke bimba mastiSka meM ubharate haiN| ____ adhyayana karane para yaha bhI jJAta huA hai ki aise kucha hI bAlakoM meM jinhoMne ki punarjanma kI smRtiyoM kA varNana kiyA, atIndriya jJAna kI zakti thii| adhikAMzata: bAlakoM meM yaha zakti bilkula nahIM pAI gii| bhUtAveza kisI vyakti meM yadi koI mRtAtmA praveza kara jAye, to vaha vyakti bhI mRta vyakti se sambandhita sahI-sahI jAnakArI prastuta kara sakatA hai aura usake vyavahAra

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101 jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna meM bhI mRta vyakti ke anurUpa parivartana parilakSita ho sakate haiM; lekina kucha kaThinAiyAM isa upakalpanA ke sAthI bhI haiN| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki pUrvajanma kI smRtiyoM kA varNana karane vAle vyaktiyoM meM prAya: hI yaha pAyA gayA hai ki jaba unheM mRtaka ke gAMva, makAna yA skUla Adi sthAnoM para le jAyA gayA, jo unako pUrvajanma kI aura naI-naI bAteM yAda Ane lgiiN| zuklA, prakAza, svarNalatA, pramoda Adi aneka aise udAharaNa haiM jinameM ki, jaba unheM pUrvajanma ke sthAnoM para le jAyA gayA, to unhoMne bahuta se logoM va sthaloM ko pahacAnA aura aisI ghaTanAeM batalAI jinake bAre meM unhoMne pahale kucha nahIM kahA thaa| smRti kA bhI yaha eka sAmAnya niyama hai ki pUrva paricita sthAnoM ko dekhane se hama meM unase saMbaMdhita aneka smRtiyAM aura ubharane lagatI haiN| astu, bAlaka dvArA varNita bAtoM ko smRti ke rUpa meM mAnane para to isa taraha kI ghaTanAoM kA samAdhAna bhI sahaja hI hai lekina yadi hama yaha mAneM ki bAlaka ne sUcanAeM usameM praviSTa kisI mRtAtmA ke prabhAva se dI haiM, to spaTaSta: kaThinAI AtI hai| mRtAtmA ke prabhAva se hI jaba bAlaka sUcanAeM detA hai to sthAna badalane se kyoM antara AnA cAhie? mRtAtmA ko kyA pharka par3atA hai, isameM ki bAlaka kisI anya sthAna para hai athavA mRtaka ke gAMva meM? isI taraha aneka vRttAMto meM aisA pAyA gayA hai ki vyakti ne mRtaka ke jIvana-kAla meM koI sthAna yA bhavana kaisA thA isI kA varNana kiyA-na ki usakI mRtyu ke bAda meM ho jAne vAle usake parivartita rUpa kaa| aisA kaI bAra huA hai ki bAlaka ko jaba usake pUrvajanma ke gAMva yA ghara le jAyA gayA, to vaha vahAM ho jAne vAle parivartanoM se cauMka gyaa| yadi mRtAtmA jo ki vyakti ke mRtyu ke bAda bhI rahI, usI ne praveza kiyA, to use to parivartanoM kI bhI jAnakArI rahanI caahie| eka prazna yaha bhI upasthita hotA hai ki ina vRttAMtoM meM varNita mRtakoM kI AtmAoM ne Akhira inhIM vyaktiyoM meM praveza kyoM kiyA? inakA aisA karane meM kyA prayojana rahA hogA? mRtAtmA praveza ke jo anya dRSTAMta milate hai unameM prAya: koI na koI prayojana bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai, jaise apane kisI apUrNa kArya yA icchA kI pUrti, kisI se badalA lenA aadi| ina vRttAMtoM meM aisA koI prayojana najara nahIM aataa| isa prakAra jo bhI anya sAmAnya sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai, use pahale dhyAna meM rakhA jAtA hai, aura usake AdhAra para hI antima niSkarSa nikAlA jAtA hai| ___aba taka jAMca kI gaI adhikAMza meM ukta prakAra kI koI bhI sambhAvanA sahI nahIM pAI gii| isa AdhAra para hI aisI ghaTanAoM ko parAsAmAnya (paranormal) kI koTi meM mAnA gayA hai|

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102 jaina darzana aura vijJAna pUrva janma kI adbhuta bAteM aDhAI, tIna yA pAMca sAla ke bacce, jo pUrva-janma kI smRti ke AdhAra para bAteM batAte haiM, unameM bahuta-sI bAteM kAphI adbhuta aura AzcaryakAraka hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA aise bacce apane pUrva-janma kA nAma, gAMva kA nAma, mAtA-pitA yA nikaTa pArivArika logoM ke nAma, apane nivAsa-sthAna saMbaMdhI jAnakArI Adi dete hI haiN| para usake sAtha-sAtha aisI gupta bAtoM kA bhI ve rahasyodghATana karate haiM, jisake viSaya meM usa mRtAtmA ke atirikta kisI anya vyakti ko kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotaa| jaise-eka ghaTanA meM bAlaka (bizanacaMda) ne apane pUrva-janma meM pitA kI aisI chipI sampatti kA patA batAyA jisake viSaya meM kisI ko patA hI nahIM thaa| kucha ghaTanAoM meM aisI bAteM bhI bAlaka dvArA batA dI jAtI haiM, jinakI jAnakArI kevala eka hI anya vyakti ko hotI haiN| jaise alAskA meM ghaTita eka ghaTanA meM apane pUrva janma meM usane putravadhu ko eka ghar3I dI thI jisake viSaya meM aura kisI ko patA nahIM thaa| vartamAna janma meM usa ghar3I ko bAlaka ne pahicAna liyaa| pUrva-janma kI smRti vAle vyaktiyoM meM sAmAnyatayA asAmAnya vyavahAra pAyA jAtA hai| aise adhikAMza vyakti vartamAna janma ke vAtAvaraNa, aura paitrika guNa-dharmoM ke viparIta vRttiyoM kA pradarzana karate haiN| jaise-pUrva-janma meM dhanasampanna vartamapAna meM garIba hone para dhanasampanna vyaktiyoM kI taraha vyavahAra karatA hai| pUrva-janma meM mAMsAhArI vartamAna janma meM nirAmiSa parivAra meM janma lene para bhI mAMsAhara kI rUci rakhatA hai| dhArmikatA kI pUrva-janma kI vRtti prAya: vartamAna janma meM bhI asAdhAraNa rUpa se prakaTa hotI huI dikhAI detI haiN| zaukInatA aura ruci kI vilakSaNatA bhI sAmAnya rUpa se vartamAna jIvana meM dekhI jAtI hai| ina saba asAmAnya vyavahAroM kA sAmAnya evaM jJAta tattvoM ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAtmaka vizleSaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kabhI-kabhI bhArata jaise deza meM jahAM jAtivAda kA prabala prabhAva hai, bAlaka dvArA apanI pUrva-janma kI jAti ke saMskAra evaM tadanurUpa vyavahAra va AcaraNa prastuta hotA huA dikhAI detA hai| jaise-jasavIra nAmaka eka bAlaka jo vartamAna jIvana meM "jATa" hai, apane ko pUrva-janma meM brAhmaNa batAtA hai aura brAhmaNa kI taraha khAne-pIne, zuddhi Adi ke lie Agraha rakhatA hai| yahAM taka ki apane jATa mAtA-pitA ke hAthoM banAyA huA khAnA khAne se bhI vaha inkAra karane lgaa| kucha bAlakoM meM bacapana se hI aise kalA-kauzala, zaikSika jJAna evaM bhASA-jJAna pAye jAte haiM, jo spaSTatayA unake pUrva-janma meM arjita guNoM ke sAtha sambandhita hote haiN| bizanacaMda kI ghaTanA meM tabalA bajAne kI nipuNatA tathA urdU kA jJAna isI bAta

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 103 dyotaka hai| isI prakAra brAjIla kI eka anya ghaTanA meM polo nAmaka baccA tIna cAra varSa kI Ayu meM silAI kalA meM asAmAnya dakSatA rakhatA thA, jisakA sambandha usake pUrva-janma ke vyaktitva ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai, jisameM vaha emiliyA nAmaka lar3akI ke rUpa meM thA tathA isa kalA meM dakSa thA / ' ina saba bAtoM ke atirikta dhArmika zraddhA yA vizvAsa, bhaya, seksuala jJAna, vaira-virodha Adi bhAvanAoM kI asAmAnya prabalatA bhI aise bAlakoM meM pAI jAtI hai / jinakA vartamAna jIvana ke kisI asAmAnya ghaTanA-prasaMga, vAtAvaraNa yA jAnakArI se koI sambandha nahIM hai / jaise ravizaMkara nAmaka bAlaka apane vartamAna janma meM apane pUrva - janma ke hatyAroM se bhaya bhI rakhatA hai aura unake prati krodha bhI karatA hai / Adhunika manovijJAna jina siddhAMtoM ke AdhAra para manuSya kI mAnasika vRttiyoM aura bhAvanAoM kI vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai, ve ukta sAmAnya manovaijJAnika tathyoM kA koI samAdhAna nahIM detA / pratyuta ina asAmAnya manovRttiyoM aura vilakSaNatAoM ke lie pUrva- - janma ke saMskAroM kI parikalpanA apane Apa meM pUrNa aura buddhigamya samAdhAna prastuta karatI haiM / yadyapi sAmAnya rUpa se pUrva janma aura vartamAna janma meM laiMgika samAnatA pAI jAtI hai, phira bhI kucha ghaTanAyeM (lagabhaga 10 pratizata ) aisI bhI sAmane AI haiM, jinameM jAtaka pUrva-ja - janma meM strI hotA hai aura vartamAna janma meM puruSa bana jAtA hai yA pUrva janma meM puruSa hotA hai aura vartamAna janma meM strI bana jAtA hai / jaise silona meM ghaTita eka ghaTanA meM jJAnatilakA nAmaka lar3akI apane ko pUrva janma meM tilakaratna nAmaka lar3ake ke rUpa meM batAtI hai| brAjIla meM ghaTita polo kI ghaTanA kI carcA hama kara cuke haiM / aise laiMgika parivartanoM meM vyakti meM vartamAna jIvana meM apane pUrva- janma kI laiMgika vilakSaNatA bhI pAI gaI hai, jo manovaijJAnika ke lie avazya hI praznacihna hai / sabase adhika Azcaryajanaka evaM avyAravyeya bAta aisI ghaTanAoM meM pAI jAtI hai, vaha hai- vartamAna jIvana meM bAlaka ke zarIra para pAye jAne vAle vicitra cihna yA zArIrika apUrNatA jo janma se hI jAtaka ke zarIra meM pAI jAtI hai aura jinakA sambandha unake apane pUrva janma meM ghaTita ghaTanAoM ke sAtha batAyA jAtA 1 jaise - ravizaMkara nAmaka bAlaka ke zarIra meM gardana para eka do iMca lambA tathA 1/4 yA 1/8 iMca caur3A ghAva kA cihna DaoN. sTIvanasana ne svayaM san 1964 meM dekhA thA, jisa samaya ravizaMkara kI Ayu 13 varSa kI thii| DaoN. sTIvanasana ko batAyA gayA ki 1. dekheM, pRSTha 96-98 /

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104 jaina darzana aura vijJAna yaha ghAva janma se hI ravizaMkara ke zarIra para hai tathA janma ke samaya vaha isase bhI adhika lambA thaa| ghAva vAlI jagaha para camar3I kA raMga AsapAsa kI camar3I se aura adhika gaharA thA tathA chUrI se kiye hue ghAva kI taraha spaSTa dikhAI detA thaa| ravizaMkara ke kathanAnusAra pUrva-janma meM usakI zastra dvArA gardana kATakara hatyA kI gaI thii| pUrvajanma meM zarIra para hue cinha vartamAna-janma meM zarIra para usI prakAra aura usI sthAna meM pAye jAye-yaha eka bahuta hI adbhuta evaM vicitra bAta hai| aise vRttAntoM kI vyAkhyA mRtAtmA-praveza kI upakalpanA dvArA nahIM kI jA sktii| aise cihnoM kI zarIra-zAstra sambandhI sAmAnya vaijJAnika jAnakArI ke AdhAra para bhI koI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM pUrva-janma ke sAtha hI usakA sambandha jur3atA hai| yaha avazya zodha kA viSaya hai ki kisa prakAra AtmA apane eka janma ke zArIrika cihnoM ko bhI dUsare janma meM le jAtI hai| jaina darzana dvArA pradatta karma-siddhAMta ke AdhAra para isa tathya kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai jaina darzana meM zarIra-sambandhI samasta nirmANa kA mUla kAraNa nAma karma hai| nAma karma kI prakRtiyoM meM saMghAtananAma karma, nirmANanAma karma tathA AnupUrvI nAma karma ke dvArA ukta tathya kI vyAkhyA ho sakatI hai| audArika Adi zarIra nAma karma ke udaya se audArika Adi vargaNA ke pudgaloM kA grahaNa hotA hai, bandhananAma karma ke udaya se gRhIta pudgala ke sAtha gRhyamAna pudgala kA saMmIlana hotA hai, tathA saMghAtana nAma karma ke udaya se audArika Adi vargaNA ke pudgaloM kI audArika Adi zarIra ke rUpa meM vizeSa racanA hotI hai| AcArya haribhadra ke anusAra-baddha pudgaloM ke paraspara jatukASTha nyAya se racanA vizeSa kA saMghAta kahate haiN| yaha pudgalavipAkI karma haiM, kyoMki pudgala-racanA ke AdhAra-vizeSa ke dvArA isakA paripAka hotA hai| AnupUrvI nAma karma ke viSaya meM do paramparAeM pracalita haiN| eka ke anusAra vigrahagati meM Atma pradezoM ke racanAkrama ko, jo ki pUrva zarIra ke anusAra hotA hai, karane vAle karma ko AnupUrvI nAma karma kahA hai| dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra-jisake udaya se nirmANa karma ke dvArA nirmApita bAhu Adi aMga tathA aMgulI Adi upAMgoM kI racanA kI paripATI ko AnupUrvI nAma karma kahA jAtA hai| pUrva janma ke zarIra ke anusAra vigrahagati meM Atma-pradezoM kI Akara-racanA to AnupUrvI nAma karma ke dvArA hotI hI hai, para usake pazcAt bhI vartamAna zarIra ke nirmANa meM pUrva zarIrAkAra kA prabhAva bhI AnupUrvI nAma karma ke mAdhyama se kArya karatA hai| upAghAta nAma karma zarIra ke aMgopAMgoM ke upaghAta kA kAraNa hai, usakI bhI punarAvRtti dUsare janma meM yathAvat ho

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 105 sakatI hai| isa prakAra vigraha gati ke pazcAt bhI yadi AnupUrvI nAma karma ke dvArA vartamAna zarIra ke nirmANa meM yogadAna milatA hai, to pUrva zarIra ke cihnoM kI punarjanma meM bhI vidyamAnatA saMbhava ho jAtI hai / mRta zarIra kA adhigrahaNa pUrva janma kI ghaTanAoM meM kucha aisI ghaTanAeM bhI sAmane AI haiM, jinameM eka mRta vyakti ke zarIra meM dUsare mRta vyakti kI AtmA praveza kara jAtI hai aura vaha mRta vyakti punaH jIvita ho jAtA hai, para aba vaha apane Apa ko dUsarI AtmA ke rUpa meM batAtA hai| jaise--jasavIra nAmaka bAlaka kI ghaTanA meM ghaTita huA / rasulapura nAmaka gAMva meM giradhArIlAla jATa kA putra jasavIra lagabhaga sAr3he tIna varSa kI Ayu meM cecaka kI bImArI meM san 1954 ke garmI ke mausama (aprela-maI) meM mRtyu ko prApta huA / mRta bacce kI antakriyA rAtri kA samaya hone se prAtaH kAla taka sthAgita rakhI gii| mRtyu ke pazcAta kucha ghaNToM bAda hI zava meM thor3I-sI halacala najara AI / kucha kSaNoM pazcAt lar3akA punaH jIvita ho gayA / para aba taka bolane kI sthiti meM nahIM thaa| kucha dinoM bAda jaba vaha bolane kI zakti ko prApta kara cukA thA, . usane batAyA"maiM vehedI grAma ke nivAsI zaMkara nAmaka brAhmaNa kA putra hUM aura isalie maiM jAToM ke hAtha kA khAnA nahIM khaauuNgaa| jasavIra ne yaha bhI batAyA ki pichale janma meM usakI mRtyu taba huI thI jaba vaha do bailoM ke ratha para kisI barAta meM jA rahA thA jahAM se use viSailI miThAI de dI gaI thii| vaha miThAI use usa vyakti ne khilAI thI jisako usane kucha dhana RNa meM diyA thaa| jaba vaha ratha meM baiThakara jA rahA thA, acAnaka use cakkara Ae, vaha ratha se girA aura usake sira meM coTa AI jisase kucha ghaNToM bAda usakI mRtyu huii| jasavIra dvArA batAI gaI ina bAtoM ko giradhArIlAla ne chipAne kI koziza kI, para usake dvArA brAhmaNa ke hAthoM banAyA huA khAnA khAne ke Agraha ke kAraNa vaha bAta brAhmaNoM meM phaila gaI / lagabhaga tIna varSa pazcAt yaha bAta kisI mAdhyama se vedI gAMva taka phuNcii| bAlaka jasavIra dvArA batAI gaI bAteM vehedI gAMva ke zaMkaralAla tyAgI nAmaka brAhmaNa ke putra zobhArAma ke jIvana se hUbahU milatI thii| zobhArAma kI mRtyu san 1954 ke maI mahIne meM ThIka usI prakAra ratha meM se gira jAne kAraNa sira meM coTa Ane se huI thI, jaise bAlaka jasavIra ne batAyA / hAlAMki viSailI miThAI aura RNa kI bAta kA usake parivAra vAloM ko koI patA nahIM thA / DaoN. sTIvanasana ne isa sArI ghaTanA kI bahuta hI sUkSmatA se jAMca kI hai tathA sArI ghaTanA kI yathArthatA ko asaMdigdha mAnA hai / zobhArAma aura jasavIra kI

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106 jaina darzana aura vijJAna lagabhaga eka hI samaya meM mRtyu honA, aura zobhArAma kI AtmA ke dvArA jasavIra ke mRta zarIra meM punarjanma lenA tathA zobhArAma ke rUpa meM apane pUrva janma kI smRti ko banAe rakhanA-pUrvajanma sambandhI ghaTanAoM meM eka vilakSaNa ghaTanA hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt nae janma ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se AtmA svayaM apane nae deha kA nirmANa karatA hai aura nizcita samaya taka garbhastha rahane ke pazcAt hI mAtA ke udara se bAhara Akara apane nae jIvana kA prArambha karatA hai| ukta ghaTanA meM zobhArAma dvArA sIdhe hI jasavIra ke mRta zarIra meM janma lenA-isa sAmAnya krama se nitAMta bhinna evaM vilakSaNa krama hai| yadyapi punarjanmavAda ko svIkAra karane vAle dharma-darzanoM meM bhI aise krama ke viSaya meM saMbhavata: koI vyAkhyA nahIM milatI, phira bhI jaina Agama bhagavatI sUtra meM Ae hue pravRtta parihAra (yA poTTa parihAra) nAmaka siddhAMta meM isakI carcA milatI hai| AjIvaka sampradAya ke adhinAyaka gozAlaka dvArA isakA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| gozAlaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pravacanoM kA prativAda karatA huA yaha pratipAdita karatA hai ki vaha gozAlakaM nahIM hai, jisane mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, varan vaha gozAlaka ke mRta zarIra meM janma lenevAlA gomAyuputra arjuna hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra gozAlaka ke isa kathana ko asatya ghoSita karate haiN| yadyapi gozAlaka kI apanI bAta asatya thI, phira bhI isase isa prakAra kI janma-prakriyA kI saMbhAvanA ko sarvathA niSiddha to nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha avazya gaveSaNA kA viSaya hai ki jaina darzana isa prakAra ke janma kI vyAkhyA kisa prakAra prastuta karatA hai| vanaspatikAya meM poTTa parihAra hotA hai, yaha siddhAMta to svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA mAnA gayA hai| gozAlaka aura tila ke paudhe kI ghaTanA ke sandarbha meM svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM- " gauzAlaka ! yaha tila kA paudhA phalita hogA, tathA ye sAta tilapuSpa ke jIva marakara isI paudhe kI eka tilaphalI meM sAta tila hoMge..........''........... ve sAta tilapuSpa ke jIva marakara usI paudhe kI eka tilaphalI meM sAta tila ho gae haiN| isa prakAra he gozAlaka ! vanaspatikAya ke jIva " pravRta parihAra'' (poTTa parihAra) kA upabhoga karate hai-marakara puna: usI zarIra meM utpanna ho sakate haiN| bhagavatI sUtra ke ukta prasaMga ke sandarbha meM Age bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM-'tatpazcAt gozAlaka ne merI bAta para vizvAsa nahIM kiyaa| vaha tila ke paudhe ke pAsa gayA aura usa phalI ko tor3akara tathA hathelI meM masalakara tila ginane lgaa| ginane para sAta hI tila nikle| isase usake mana meM vicAra utpanna huA-"yaha nizcita bAta hai ki sarva prANI marakara puna: usI zarIra meM hI utpanna hote haiN| gozAlaka kA yahI 'pravRtya parihAra vAda' yA parivartanavAda hai|''

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 107 bhagavatI sUtra meM kevala yahI batAyA gayA hai ki gozAlaka ne sabhI jIvoM meM poTTa parihAra kA siddhAMta banA liyA thA jisake anusAra sabhI jIvoM ke lie nirvANa se pUrva sAta janmoM meM poTTa parihAra karanA anivArya mAnA gyaa| para isase yaha artha to nahIM nikalatA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra vanaspatikAya ke atirikta anya jIvoM me poTa parihAra ke siddhAMta ko galata mAnate the| bhagavatI ke AdhAra para ye bAteM spaSTa hotI haiM 1. gozAlaka ne apane Apa ko jo gomAyuputra arjuna ke jIva kA gozAlaka ke zarIra meM poTTa parihAra batAyA thA, vaha asatya thaa| 2. gozAlaka ne sabhI jIvoM meM poTTa parihAra kI anivAryatA batAI thI, vaha asatya thaa| 3. vanaspatikAya meM poTTa parihAra kI saMbhAvyatA ko mahAvIra ne svIkAra kiyA thaa| 4. anya jIvoM meM bhI poTTa parihAra saMbhava ho sakatA hai, isakA khaNDana mahAvIra ne kahIM nahIM diyaa| ukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vanaspatikAya kI taraha anya jIvayoniyoM meM bhI poTTa parihAra saMbhava hai| isa bAta kI puSTi bhagavatI sUtra ke eka anya pATha se isa prakAra hotI hai bhagavAn mahAvIra ne manuSyaNI ke garbha-kAla ko jaghanya antarmuhUrta, utkRSTa. 12 varSa batAyA hai| kAyabhavastha kA kAla jaghanya antarmuhUrta, utkRSTa caubIsa varSa batAyA hai| vRttikAra isakI vyAkhyA meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki eka jIva garbha meM 12 varSa taka rahakara mRtyu ko prApta hokara puna: usI zarIra meM utpanna ho sakatA hai aura dUsarI bAra phira 12 varSa kI aura raha sakatA hai| isa prakAra manuSya zarIra meM bhI poTTa parihAra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| siddhAMta kI dRSTi se yadi vanaspatikAya meM poTTa parihAra ho sakatA hai, to manuSya-zarIra meM bhI ho sakatA hai| astu, yahAM to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki aisI ghaTanA meM bhI sAmAnya manovijJAna ke siddhAMta yA anyAnya parikalpanAeM vyAkhyA karane meM akSama hI raha jAte haiN| kevala punarjanmavAda hI isakI vyAkhyA nyUnatama svayaM-tathyoM (axioms) ke AdhAra para kara sakatA hai| upasaMhAra DaoN. sTIvanasana ne apane vizAla grantha ke upasaMhAra meM likhA hai " I belive, however, that the evidence favouring reincarnation as a hypothesis for the cases of this type has increased since I

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108 jaina darzana aura vijJAna published my review in 1960. This increase has com frome several different kinds of observation and cases, but chiefly from the observation of the behavior of the childern claiming the memories and the study of cases with specific or idisyncratic skills and congenital birthmarks and deformities. .......... In the cases of the present collection, we have evidence of the occurence of patterns which the present personality is not known to have inherited or aquired after birth in the present life. And in some instances these patterns match corresponding and specific features of an identified deceased personality. In such cases we have then in principle, I believe, some evidence for human survival of physical death." DaoN. sTIvanasana ke ukta abhimata ke samarthana meM unakI ukta pustaka ke bhUmikA-lekhaka sI. je. DyUkAsa ne aura bhI adhika spaSTa evaM tarka-saMgata zabdoM me likhA : " If, them one, asks what would constitute genuine evidence of reincarnation, the only answer in sight seems to be the same as to the question how any one of us now knows that he was living some days, months, or years before. The answer is that he now remembers having lived at that earlier times, in such a place and circumstances, and having done certain things then and had certain experience. "But does anybody how claim similarly to remember having lived on earth a life earlier than his present one? "Although reports os such a claim are rare, there are some The person making them is almost always a young child, from whose mind these memories fade after some years. And when he is able to mention detailed facts of the earlier life he asserts he remembers, which eventual investigation verifies but which he had no opportunity to learn in a normal manner in his present life, then the question with which this confronts us is how to account for the veridicality of his memories, if not by supposing that he really did live the earlier life he remembers."

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 109 (2) atIndriya jJAna: dUrabodha evaM paracittabodha jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA lakSaNa hai-upayoga / jJAna aura darzana ke rUpa meM jo caitanya kI pravRttiyAM haiM, unheM upayoga' kahA jAtA hai| jJAna dvArA vastu kA vizeSa bodha hotA hai, darzana dvArA sAmAnya bodha hotA hai| yahI antara hai jJAna aura darzana meN| mUlata: donoM caitanya kI pravRttiyAM hai| AtmA svabhAvata: jAnane-dekhane kI kSamatA se yukta hai| karmoM ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa yaha kSamatA sImita ho jAtI hai| phira bhI isa kSamatA kA kucha aMza to pratyeka jIva meM vidyamAna rahatA hI hai| avikasita avasthA meM indriyoM ke mAdhyama se jJAna kiyA jAtA hai, para jaba cetanA kA vizeSa vikAsa hotA hai, to binA indriyoM kI sahAyatA se bhI AtmA jAna sakatI hai, dekha sakatI hai| isI atIndriya jJAna kI koTi meM avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| pratyakSa jJAna ke do prakAra hai-indriya pratyakSa aura atIndriya pratyakSa indriya aura mana kI sImA meM jo jAnA jAtA hai vaha indriya pratyakSa hai| jo indriyoM kI sImA se pare hai, jahAM indriyoM kI koI apekSA nahIM hotI, vaha atIndriya pratyakSa hai| AkAza meM dhvani ke ananta prakampana bikhare par3e hai kiMtu vyakti ko unakA patA nahIM calatA, vaha unheM pakar3a nahIM paataa| vyakti ke AsapAsa jo dhvani ke prakaMpana hote haiM unakA patA calatA haiM, unheM pakar3A jA sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa hai indriya kI siimaa| eka nizcita AvRtti meM dhvani ke prakampana hote haiM, to vyakti unheM pakar3a pAtA hai| kAna ke lie eka AvRtti kA nirdhAraNa hai| AMkha ke lie bhI eka AvRtti kA nirdhAraNa hai| nizcita AvRtti meM jo sAmane AtA hai| vyakti use dekhatA hai, sunatA hai| indriyoM meM bhI bahuta tAratamya hai| AgamoM meM indriya-pATava zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| eka hai indriya kA sAmAnya jJAna aura eka hai indriya kA pATava yA indriy-laaghv| jisameM indriya kI paTutA bar3ha jAtI hai, vaha dUra kI bAta dekha letA hai, dUra kI bAta suna letA hai, jAna letA hai| yadi indriya kA pATava nahIM hotA hai to vyakti svalpa sImA meM hI jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai| Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM eka prazna jarUra sAmane A gayA hai aura bar3A cintanIya prazna hai| darzana meM indriya-jJAna aura atIndriya jJAna ke bIca jo bheda-rekhA khIMcI gaI, usakA artha hai indriya-jJAna sthUla ko jAnatA hai, sannikRSTa ko jAnatA hai aura avyavahita ko jAnatA hai| atIndriya jJAna sUkSma, viprakRpTa aura vyavahita ko bhI jAna sakatA hai| dIvAra se pare kyA hai, AMkha nahIM dekha sakatI kintu atIndriya jJAnI dekha sakatA hai| eka sUkSma kaNa

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110 jaina darzana aura vijJAna ko atIndriya jJAnI dekha sakatA, indriya jJAnI nahIM dekha sakatA / eka vastu yA pustaka par3I hai aura usa para koI Dhakkana de diyA gayA / use eka indriyajJAnI nahIM jAna sakatA kintu eka atIndriya jJAnI jAna sakatA hai / indriya-jJAna aura atIndriyajJAna meM yaha eka bheda-rekhA hai / Aja vijJAna ke TelIskopa aura mAikroskopa jaise sUkSma upakaraNa vikasita kara lie haiN| Adhunika vaijJAnika mAIkroskopa jaise sUkSma se sUkSma kaNoM ko dekhane meM saphala hue haiM, ilekTrona aura proTona ko dekhane meM saphala hue haiN| TelIskopa ke dvArA saikar3oM-hajAroM prakAza varSa dUra kI nIhArikAoM ko dekhane meM saphala hue hai / vidyut kI gati eka saikeMDa meM 1,83,000 mAIla kI hai| gati se eka varSa meM jitanI dUra prakAza jA sake use eka prakAza-varSa kahate hai| aise hajAroM prakAzavarSa kI dUrI para jo nIhArikAeM haiM, saura maMDala hai, tArAgRha haiM, unheM TelIskopa ke dvArA dekhA gayA hai / kyA yaha indriya-jJAna hai ? kyA yaha atIndriya jJAna nahIM hai? vijJAna ne aise yantra aura upakaraNa vikasita kara lie haiM, jinase zarIra ke bhItara kyA ho rahA hai, sArA dikhAI dene laga jAtA hai| ve upakaraNa camar3I ke bhItara vidyamAna samasta tattvoM ko dekha lete haiN| kyA ise atIndriya-jJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA ? indriyoM se zarIra ke bhItara nahIM dekhA jA sktaa| bhItara kyA ho rahA hai, yaha AMkha se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA / saura maMDala yA eka sUkSma kaNa ko AMkha se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA / para inheM vaijJAnika upakaraNoM ke dvArA dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha kyoM nahIM mAna liyA jAe - vaijJAnika upakaraNa bhI atIndriya- - jJAna ke sAdhana bana gae haiM? samAdhAna : atIndriya pratyakSa ke sandarbha meM jaina darzana ke sAmane yaha eka ahaM prazna hai| isase iMdriya - jJAna aura atIndriya- jJAna kI bheda-rekhA samApta ho jaaegii| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna atIndriya pratyakSa ke sandarbha meM hI khojA jA sakatA hai / avadhijJAna pratyakSa jJAna hai, kintu usameM bhI pudgaloM kA sahayoga Avazyaka hotA hai / avadhijJAna se vyakti apane jJAna ko itanA vikasita aura nirmala banA le, jisase vaha sUkSma, dUravartI aura vyavahita vastu ko jAna sake aura cAhe vaha aise upakaraNoM kA vikAsa kara leM, jinake dvArA unheM vaha jAna ske| kevalajJAna se nIce kI sImA meM jitane kSAyopazamika jJAna haiM, unameM pudgala sahAyaka banatA hai / avadhijJAna aura manaH paryava jJAna meM bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM pudgala kA yoga rahatA hI hai / isakA artha hai- nAr3ItaMtra ko itanA vikasita banA liyA jAe, jisase vyakti sUkSma aura vyavahita tattvoM kA jJAna kara sake / nAr3ItaMtra ko vikasita kareM yA bAhara ke upakaraNoM ko vikasita kareM, ina donoM meM bahuta antara nahIM lgtaa| Antarika nirmalatA bar3hane se jo jJAna huA, vahI bAhya sAdhanoM kA yoga milane se bhI ho sakatA hai /

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111 jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna prastuta prakaraNa se avadhi-jJAna aura mana:paryavajJAna kI mImAMsA karate hue parAmanovijJAna dvArA prastuta dUrabodha aura paricitta bodha ke sAtha unakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hameM karanA hai| __avadhijJAna- indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA cetanA darpaNa para mUrta padArthoM ke jo bimba ubharate haiM, unheM pakar3ane vAlA upayoga avadhijJAnopayoga hai| yaha jJAna atIndriya hai, phira bhI isameM tIvra ekAgratA kI apekSA rahatI hai| isa dRSTi se hI isakA nirUkta kiyA gayA hai-'avadhAnam avadhi:' avadhAna arthAt ekaagrtaa| dhyAna kI gaharAiyoM se utare binA avadhijJAnopayoga ho hI nahIM sktaa| avadhi kA dUsarA artha bhI kiyA jAtA hai-avadhijJAna mUrta dravyoM ko sAkSAt karane vAlA jJAna hai| mUrtimAna dravya kI isake jJeya viSaya kI maryAdA hai| isalie yaha 'avadhi' kahalAtA hai athavA dravya, kSetra, aura bhAva kI apekSA isakI aneka iyattAeM banatI haiN| jaise--itane kSetra kAla aura kAla meM itane dravya aura itane paryAyoM kA jJAna karatA hai, isalie ise avadhi kahA jAtA hai| avadhi-jJAna ke chaha prakAra haiM 1. anugAmI-jisa kSetra meM avadhi-jJAna utpanna hotA hai, usake atirikta kSetra meM bhI banA rahe, vaha anugAmI hai| 2. ananugAmI-utpatti-kSetra ke atirikta kSetra meM banA na rahe, vaha ananugAmI hai| 3. vardhamAna-utpatti-kAla meM kama prakAzavAn ho aura bAda meM kramaza: bar3he vaha vardhamAna hai| 4. hIyamANa-utpatti kAla meM adhika prakAzavAn ho aura bAda meM kramaza: ghaTe, vaha hIyamAna hai| 5. apratipAtI-AjIvana rahane vAlA athavA kevala-jJAna utpanna hone taka rahane vAlA apratipAtI hai| 6. pratipAtI-utpanna hokara jo vApisa calA jAe, vaha pratipAtI hai| mana:paryavajJAna-indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA binA kisI vyakti kI mAnasika avasthAoM-AkRtiyoM ko jAnanA mana:paryavajJAnopayoga hai| yaha jJAna mana ke pravartaka yA uttejaka pudgaloM-dravyoM ko sAkSAt jAnane vAlA hai| cintaka jo socatA hai, usI ke anurUpa cintana-pravartaka pudgala dravyoM kI AkRtiyAM-paryAya bana jAtI haiN| ve mana: paryAya ke dvArA jAnI jAtI haiM isIlie isakA nAma hai-mana kI paryAyoM ko sAkSAt karane vAlA jJAna /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna manovargaNA ke pudgaloM kA jJAna viziSTa avadhijJAna se bhI ho sakatA hai / para mana: paryavajJAna se jo bodha hotA hai, vaha adhika spaSTa aura vizada hotA hai / jisa prakAra eka phijiziyana AMkha, nAka, galA Adi zarIra ke sabhI avayavoM kI jAMca karatA hai, usI prakAra AMkha, nAka Adi kA vizeSa DaoNkTara bhI karatA hai / kintu donoM kI jAMca aura cikitsA meM antara rahatA hai| eka hI kArya-kSetra hone para bhI vizeSajJa ke jJAna kI tulanA meM vaha DaoNkTara nahIM A sktaa| isI prakAra manaH paryavajJAna kI tulanA meM sAdhAraNa avadhijJAna nahIM A sakatA / 112 manaH paryavajJAna ke do prakAra haiM 1. Rjumati 2. vipulamati / sAmAnya rUpa se mAnasika pudgaloM ko grahaNa karane vAlA manaH paryavajJAna Rjumati kahalAtA hai| usake vizeSa paryAyoM kA bodha karane vAlA manaH paryavajJAna vipulamati kahalAtA hai / udAharaNArtha- vyakti ne mana meM ghaTa kA cintana kiyA / Rjumati vAlA jAnegA ki isane 'ghaTa' kA cintana kiyA hai / vipulamati vAlA jAnegA ki isane ghaTa kA cintana kiyA hai; vaha ghaTa sone kA hai, pATaliputra meM banA huA hai, Aja banA huA hai, AkRti meM bar3A hai, aadi| isa prakAra vizeSa vivaraNa kA bodha bhI use ho jaaegaa| atIndriya jJAna kI upalabdhi caitanya- kendroM ke nirmalIkaraNa se hotI hai / caitanya - kendra kyA hai? jo dRzya hai vaha sthUla zarIra hai| isake bhItara taijasa aura karma - ye do sUkSma zarIra hai| unake bhItara AtmA hai / vaha caitanyamaya hai / jaise sUrya aura hamAre bIca meM bAdala A jAte haiM vaise hI AtmA ke caitanya aura bAhya jagat ke bIca meM karma - zarIra meM bAdala chAe hue haiN| isIlie caitanya - sUrya kA pUrNa prakAza bAhya jagat para nahIM pdd'taa| bAdaloM ke hone para bhI sUrya kA prakAza pUrA Dhaka nahIM jaataa| vaise hI karma - zarIra kA AvaraNa hone para bhI caitanya pUrA AvRta nahIM hotaa| usakI kucha razmiyAM bAhya jagat ko prakAzita karatI rahatI haiN| manuSya apane prayatna se kama zarIragata jJAnAvaraNa ko jaise-jaise vilIna karatA hai vaise-vaise caitanya kI razmiyAM adhika prasphuTita hone lagatI hai| karma-zarIragata jJAnAvaraNa kI kSamatA jitanI vilIna hotI haiM, utane hI sthUla zarIra meM prajJAna kI abhivyakti ke kendra nirmita ho jAte haiM / ye hI hamAre caitanya - kendra haiM / samUcA zarIra jJAna kA sAdhana AtmA ke asaMkhya pradeza ( avibhAgI avayava ) haiM / jJAnAvaraNa una sabako

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 113 AvRta kie hue hai| isa AvaraNa kA vilaya bhI saba pradezoM meM hotA hai| zarIrazAstra ke anusAra jJAna kA srota nAr3I - saMsthAna hai / mastiSka aura suSumnA ke dvArA hI saba jJAna hotA hai / karma-zAstra kI bhASA meM nAr3I saMsthAna ko jJAna kI abhivyakti kA I mAdhyama kahA jA sakatA hai | zarIrazAstra ke anusAra zarIra ke sAre koSa eka jaise hai / kucha kozoM ko vizeSajJatA prApta ho gaI hai| isalie ve jJAna ke srota bana gae haiN| zarIra ke kucha bhAga jJAna aura saMvedana ke sAdhana bane hue haiN| ve bhAga 'karaNa' kahalAte hai| AMkha eka 'karaNa' hai| usake mAdhyama se rUpa ko jAnA jA sakatA hai kintu manuSya ke pUre zarIra meM 'karaNa' banate kI kSamatA hai| yadi saMkalpa ke vizeSa prayogoM ke dvArA pUre zarIra ko 'karaNa' kiyA jA sake to kapoloM se bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai, hAtha aura paira kI aMguliyoM se bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha indriya-cetanA kA hI vikAsa hai| ise atIndriya cetanA kA vikAsa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pUre zarIra se sunA jA sakatA hai, cakhA jA sakatA hai, gaMdha kA anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai / saMbhinna srotolabdhi Aja kA vijJAna kahatA hai ki kAnoM kI apekSA dAMtoM se acchA sunA jA sakatA hai| dAMta sunane ke zaktizAlI sAdhana haiM / yadi thor3A-sA yAMtrika parivartana kiyA jAe to jitanA acchA dAMta se sunA jA sakatA hai, utanA acchA kAna se nahIM sunA jA sktaa| eka labdhi kA nAma hai - saMbhinna- zroto - labdhi / jo vyakti isa labdhi se sampanna hotA hai, usakI cetanA kA itanA vikAsa ho jAtA hai ki usakA samUcA zarIra kAna, AMkha, nAka, jIbha aura sparza kA kAma kara sakatA hai / usake lie kAna se sunanA yA AMkha se dekhanA Avazyaka nahIM hotaa| vaha zarIra ke kisI hisse se suna sakatA hai, dekha sakatA hai vaha pAMcoM indriyoM kA kAma samUce zarIra se le sakatA hai / usake jJAna kA srota saMbhinna ho jAtA hai, vyApaka bana jAtA haiM / mana kI kSamatA I indriya- cetanA kI bhAMti mAnasika cetanA kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai smRti mana kA eka kArya hai| use vikasita karate-karate pUrvajanma kI smRti ( jAtismRti) ho jAtI hai| yaha bhI atIndriya cetanA (Extrasensory Percep tion- I. esa. pI.) nahIM hai| dUra-darzana, dUra- zravaNa, dUra-AsvAdana aura dUrara - sparzana kA vikAsa bhI indriya cetanA kA hI vikAsa hai| ye saba viziSTa kSamatAeM hai phira bhI inheM atIndriya cetanA (I. esa. pI.) nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pUrvAbhAsa atIndriya jJAna hai ? parAmanovijJAna ke anusAra pUrvAbhAsa (precognition) atIndriya jJAna hai

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114 jaina darzana aura vijJAna para vAstava meM vaha saMdhikAlIna jJAna hai| use na indriya-jJAna kahA jA sakatA hai aura na atIndriya-jJAna / vaha indriya aura mana se utpanna nahIM hai; isalie use indriyajJAna nahIM kahA jA sktaa| atIndriyajJAna kI kSamatA utpanna hone para bhaviSya meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanA athavA atIta-kAlIna ghaTanA ko pratyeka avadhAna ke sAtha jAnA jA sakatA hai kintu pUrvAbhAsa meM aisA nahIM hotaa| usameM bhaviSya kI ghaTanA kA Akasmika AbhAsa hotA hai| avadhAna ke sAtha usake jJAna kA nizcita saMbaMdha nahIM hotA; isalie use atIndriya-jJAna bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha dina aura rAta kI saMdhi kI bhAMti indriyajJAna aura atIndriyajJAna kA saMdhijJAna hai| mAnasika jJAna caitanya-kendra mastiSka hai| mana kI sArI vRttiyAM usake vibhinna koSThoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta hotI haiN| hama indriya aura mana ke jJAna se hI paricita haiM aura unake caitanya kendra hI hamArI zarIra-saMracanA meM spaSTa haiN| indriya aura mana jJAna kI sImA nahIM hai| ve jJAna ke Adi-biMda haiN| yadi koI vyakti apane zarIrastha caitanya-kendroM ko vikasita kara sake to vaha iMdriya aura mana se atIta viSayoM ko jAna sakatA hai| ve caitanya-kendra dhyAna ke dvArA vikasita kie jA sakate haiN| atIndriya cetanA kA prakaTIkaraNa manuSya kA sthUla zarIra sUkSmatara zarIra kA saMvAdI hotA hai| sUkSmatara zarIra meM jina kSamatAoM ke spaMdana hote hai, una sabakI abhivyakti ke lie sthUla zarIra meM kendra bana jAte hai| usameM zakti aura caitanya kI abhivyajaMnA ke aneka kendra haiN| ve supta avasthA meM rahate haiN| abhyAsa ke dvArA unheM jAgRta kiyA jAtA hai| apanI jAgRta avasthA meM ve 'karaNa' bana jAte hai| 'karaNa' ko vijJAna kI bhASA meM vidyut cumbakIya kSetra (Electro-magnetic Field) kahA jA sakatA hai| haThayoga aura taMtrazAstra meM caitanya-kendroM ko cakra kahA jAtA hai| jaina yoga meM caitanya-kendroM ke aneka AkAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, jaise-zaMkha, kamala, svAstika, zrIvatsa, naMdyAvarta, dhvaja, kalaza, hala aadi| ye nAnA AkAra vAle caitanya-kendra iMdriyAtIta jJAna ke mAdhyama banate haiN| inake mAdhyama se caitanya kA prakAza bAhara phailatA hai| atIndriyajJAna kA eka prakAra hai avadhijJAna / jaise jAlIdAra Dhakkana meM rakhe hue dIpa kA prakAza jAlI meM se chanakara bAhara AtA hai, vaise hI avadhi-jJAna kI prakAza-razmiyAM ina caitanya-kendroM ke mAdhyama se bAhara AtI hai| Anugamika avadhijJAna ke do prakAra hote haiM-aMtagata aura mdhygt| jaise koI manuSya TArca ko Age kI ora karatA hai taba usakA prakAza Age kI ora phailatA hai| eka dizA meM phailane vAle prakAza kI bhAMti aMtagata avadhijJAna hotA hai| usakA prakAza Age-pIche yA dAeM -bAeM phailatA hai| vaha jisa dizA meM phailatA hai usa dizA meM spaSTa hotA hai| kiMtu usakA

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 115 prakAza saba dizAoM meM nahIM phailatA / yaha avadhijJAna saMpUrNa zarIra ke mAdhyama se nahIM hotA kiMtu jitane caitanya-keMdra vikasita hote haiM utane caitanya - kendroM ke mAdhyama se hotA hai / eka manuSya meM eka caitanya - kendra bhI vikasita ho sakatA hai aura aneka caitanya - kendra bhI vikasita ho sakate haiM / inake vikAsa kA hetu dhyAna hai / jina caitanya - kendroM para avadhAna niyojita kiyA jAtA hai ve vikasita ho jAte haiN| dhyAna kI dhArA Age-pIche, dAeM-bAeM-jisa dizA meM pravAhita hotI hai usa dizA ke caitanya - kendra jAgRta ho jAte hai aura ve caitanya - razmiyoM ke bahirnirgamana ke mAdhyama bana jAte haiM / jaise dIvaTa para rakhe hue dIpa kA prakAza cAroM dizAoM meM phailatA hai vaise hI madhyagata avadhijJAna kI prakAza- razmiyAM samUce zarIra se bAhara AtI haiM / taMtrazAstra aura haThayoga meM chaha yA sAta cakroM kA siddhAMta pratipAdita huA hai| pratipAdana kI prAcIna zailI rUpakamaya hai ataH cakroM ke viSaya meM spaSTa kalpanA karanA kaThina hai| bahuta logoM ne unheM kisI viziSTa avayava ke rUpa meM sthUla zarIra meM khojane kA prayatna kiyA para unheM apanI khoja meM kabhI saphalatA nahIM milI sthUla zarIra meM granthiyAM haiN| zarIra zAstra ke anusAra unakA kArya bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| unheM cakra mAnA jA sakatA hai / cakroM aura granthiyoM ke sthAna bhI prAya: eka hI haiN| mUlAdhAra cakra kA kisI granthi se sIdhA saMbaMdha nahIM hai| svAdhiSThAna cakra kA kAma granthi (gonADsa) se saMbaMdha hai| maNipUra cakra kA eDrInala se, anAhata cakra kA thAimasa se, vizuddhi cakra thAirAiDa se, kA picyUTarI se aura sahasrAra cakra kA piniyala se saMbaMdha sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai / vidyut cumbakIya kSetra jaina parAvidyA ke anusAra zakti aura caitanya ke kendra anagina haiM / ve pUre zarIra meM phaile hue haiN| unheM granthiyoM taka sImita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / granthiyoM kA kAma sUkSmatara yA karmazarIra se Ane vAle karma-rasAyanoM aura bhAvoM kA prabhAva pradarzita karanA hai / atIndriya cetanA ko prakaTa karanA unakA mukhya kArya nahIM hai / ve atIndriya cetanA kI abhivyakti ke lie vidyut cumbakIya kSetra bana sakate haiM athavA unase AsapAsa kA kSetra vidyut cumbakIya kSetra bana sakatA hai / unake atirikta zarIra ke aura bhI aneka bhAga vidyuta cumbakIya kSetra bana sakate hai; isalie zakti kendroM aura caitanya-kendroM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika ho jAtI hai / hamArI kokha ke nIce bahuta zaktizAlI caitanya-kendra hai / hamAre kaMdhe bahuta bar3e zakti kendra haiM / phalita kI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki zakti kendra aura caitanya - kendra zarIra ke avayava nahIM hai kintu zarIra ke ve bhAga haiM, jinameM vidyut cumbakIya kSetra banane kI kSamatA hai| ve bhAga nabha se nIce paira kI er3I taka tathA nAbhi se Upara sira kI coTI taka Age bhI haiM, pIche 1 "

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116 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bhI haiM, dAeM bhI haiM, aura bAeM bhI haiN| jaba samasta RjutA Adi viziSTa guNoM kI sAdhanA ke dvArA ve kendra sakriya ho jAte haiM, 'karaNa' bana jAte haiM, taba unameM atIndriya cetanA prakaTa hone laga jAtI hai| yaha koI Akasmika saMyoga nahIM hai| yaha eka sthAI vikAsa hai| eka bAra caitanya-kendra ke sakriya ho jAne para jIvana bhara usakI sakriyatA banI rahatI hai| atIndriya-jJAnI jaba cAhe taba apanI atIndriya cetanA kA karaNabhUta caitanya-kendra ke dvArA upayoga kara sakatA hai| vaha sUkSma, vyavahita aura dUrastha padArtha kA sAkSAt kara sakatA hai| atIndriya jJAna kI jAgRti kA eka mAdhyama hai-prekssaadhyaan| prekSAdhyAna kI prakriyA prekSAdhyAna kI do paddhatiyAM hai1. saMpUrNa shriir-prekssaa| 2. caitanya-keMdra prekssaa| saMpUrNa zarIra kI prekSA karane se pUrA zarIra karaNa' bana jAtA hai, atIndriya-jJAna kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai| isameM dIrghakAla, gahana adhyavasAya, saghana zraddhA aura dhRti kI apekSA hotI hai kucha mahInoM aura varSoM kI prekSAsAdhanA se pUrA zarIra 'karaNa' nahIM bana jaataa| usake lie bahuta bar3A abhyAsa jarUrI hotA hai| isakI apekSA kisI eka caitanya-kendra kI prekSA kA abhyAsa kucha sarala hotA hai| pUre zarIra kI prekSA kA paripAka hone para pUre zarIra se atIndriyajJAna kI prakAza-razmiyAM bAhara phailatI haiN| caitanya-kendra kI prekSA se jo caitanya-kendra jAgRta hotA hai, usI se atIndriyajJAna kI prakAza-razmiyAM bAhara phailatI haiN| atIndriyajJAna kI donoM prakAra kI upalabdhiyAM dhyAna ke do bhinna koTika-abhyAsoM para nirbhara haiN| jisa vyakti kI jaisI zraddhA, ruci, zakti aura dhRti hotI hai vaha usI paddhati kA cunAva kara letA hai koI saMpUrNa zarIra prekSA kA aura koI caitanya-kendra prekSA kaa| prekSAdhyAna kI niSpatti prekSAdhyAna se do kArya niSpanna hote haiM1. karaNa-niSpatti 2. AvaraNa-vivi jahAM avadhAna niyojita hotA hai vaha zarIra-bhAga avadhijJAna ke lie 'karaNa' yA mAdhyama bana jAtA hai| prekSAdhyAna kA avadhAna rAga dveSa-rahita, samabhAvapUrNa hotA hai, usase jJAna aura darzana kA AvaraNa vizuddha hotA hai| AvaraNa ke vizuddha hone para jAnane kI kSamatA bar3hatI hai aura zarIra-bhAga ke vizuddha hone para usa vikasita jJAna

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 117 ko zarIra se bAhara phailane kA avasara milatA hai| AvaraNa kI vizuddhi saMpUrNa caitanya meM hotI hai, kiMtu usakA prakAza zarIra-pradezoM ko karaNa banAe binA nahIM jA sktaa| vidyut-pravAha hone para bhI yadi balba na hotA usakA prakAza nahIM hotaa| ThIka yahI bAta jJAna para lAgU hotI hai / AvaraNa kI vizuddhi hone para caitanya kA pravAha upalabdha ho jAtA hai phira bhI zarIra-pradeza kI vizuddhi hue binA vaha bAhya artha ko nahIM jAna sakatA, prakAzita nahIM kara sktaa| isalie jJAna ke kSetra meM AvaraNa-vizuddhi aura karaNa-vizuddhi-ye donoM Avazyaka hotI hai| kendra aura saMvAdI kendra caitanya-kendra hamAre sthUla zarIra meM hote haiN| nAbhi, hRdaya, kaMTha, nAsAgra, bhRkuTi, tAlu, sira-ye caitanya-kendra haiN| AvaraNa kI vizuddhi hone para ye jAgRta ho jAte haiM, nirmala ho jAte haiM aura atIMdriya jJAna kI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama bana jAte haiN| jJAta caitanya-kendroM ke atirikta sthala- zarIra ke aise anya paramANaskaMdha bhI haiM jo atIMdriya jJAna ke mAdhyama banate haiN| pariSkRta yA nirmala bane hue paramANu-skaMdhoM ko sthUla zarIra meM dekhA nahIM jA sktaa| isIlie ina caitanya-kendroM ke viSaya meM vicAra-bhinnatA milatI hai| kucha loga inakI upasthiti prANa-zarIra meM mAnate haiM aura kucha vAsanA-zarIra meM / ye una donoM meM ho sakate haiM, kiMtu prANa aura vAsanA-zarIra meM hone vAle kendroM ke saMvAdI kendra yadi sthUla zarIra meM na hoM, to jJAna ko abhivyakti nahIM mila sktii| iMdriyajJAna ke keMdra sUkSma zarIra meM hote haiM aura unake saMvAdI kendra hamAre sthUla meM hote haiM, tabhI bhItara kI jJAna-razmiyAM bAhya jagat meM AtI haiN| ina caitanya-kendroM para bhI yahI niyama lAgU hotA hai| jo caitanya-keMdra nAbhi se Upara ke bhAga meM hote haiM, ve vizada hote haiN| kucha caitanya-keMdra nIce bhI hote haiM, ve avizada hote hai; isalie AdhyAtmika utkramaNa karane vAloM ke ve nahIM hote| parAmanovijJAna meM atIndriya pratyakSaNa (eksTrA-sainsarI parasaipzana) sAmAnyata: bAhya jagat kA bodha hameM apanI jJAnendriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI hotA hai| kintu jaba kisI bhI mana: prabhAva athavA bhautika vastu yA ghaTanA kA bodha hameM binA kisI indriya saMveda athavA tArkika anumAna se ho to use atIndriya pratyakSaNa (eksTrA -saiMsarI paraMsaipzana) kahA jA sakatA hai| aura, kyoMki abhI taka isa prakAra ke bodha kI koI sAmAnya vyAkhyA kisI bhI vijJAna dvArA sambhava nahIM ho pAI hai -atIndriya pratyakSaNa ko 'parAsAmAnya' kI zreNI meM rakhakara isakA parAmanovijJAna meM vistRta va gahana adhyayana karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai|

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118 jaina darzana aura vijJAna atIndriya pratyakSaNa sambandhI zodha aneka kAraNoM se mahattvapUrNa hai: prathama to aneka anya parAsAmAnya praghaTanAoM ko samajhane meM yaha zodha sahAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai, yathAmAdhyamoM dvArA kathita pretAtmAoM ke saMdeza, kathita pUrvajanma kI smRtiyAM va bhUta-pretoM sambandhI aneka ghaTanAoM kI vaikalpika vyAkhyA atIndriya pratyakSaNa zakti ke AdhAra para karane kA prayAsa kiye haiN| dUsare, aMtarikSa meM saMcAra-saMpreSaNa kI jo kaThinAiyAM dUrI ke anupAta meM bar3hatI jAtI haiM, unheM hala karane meM inakA sahayoga ho sakatA hai / inake atirikta jIvana ke aneka vividha kSetroM jaise lApatA vyaktiyoM va aparAdhiyoM kI khoja tathA jAsUsI Adi meM bhI saMbhavata: ina zodhakAryoM se mahattvapUrNa yogadAna mila ske| vaise yadi kisI dina atIndriya bodha kSamatA ko pUrNata: niyaMtraNa meM lAyA jA sakA, to kadAcit vizva meM aisI krAMti A jAyegI, jo pahale kabhI kisI khoja dvArA nahIM A sakI hai| atIndriya pratyakSaNa ke cAra svarUpa hote haiM : paracittabodha (TailIpaithI), dUradRSTi (kleyaravAyensa), pUrvAbhAsa (prIkaoNgnIzana) va bhUtA-bhAsa rittrokoNgniishn)| kabhI-kabhI prApta bodha kA svarUpa nizcita karatA kaThina ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM use sAmAnya atIndriya bodha (janarala eksTrA-saiMsarI parasaipzana) kahA jAtA hai| atIndriya bodha kI ghaTanAeM svata: sphUrta bhI ho sakatI haiM aura prayogoM athavA anya prakAra se saprayAsa utpanna bhI kI jA sakatI haiN| donoM hI prakAroM kA parAmanovaijJAnikoM dvArA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| vizvabhara kI vibhinna parAmanovaijJAnika zodha-saMsthAoM ne hajAroM hI svata: sphUrta prakaraNoM ke, khUba acchI taraha chAnabIna karake, vivaraNa apane prakAzanoM meM prastuta kiye haiN| . atIndriya bodha ke anubhava prAya: kisI saMkaTa (mRtyu, bImArI, Arthika hAni Adi) se saMbaMdhita hote haiM, lekina kaI bAra bahuta mAmUlI bAtoM se sambandhita bhI pAye gaye hai| ye anubhava pUrNa jAgrata avasthA, arddha-jAgRta, arddha-nidrita avasthA meM va pUrNa nidrA avasthA, sabhI prakAra kI avasthAoM meM hote haiN| kabhI ye mAtra AMtarika halke se ahasAsa ke rUpa meM to kabhI tIvra saMvedanA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hote hai| kaI bAra jAgRta vyakti ko ye mativibhrama ke rUpa meM bhI anubhUta hote haiN| svapnoM meM to ye prAya: prakaTa hote hI haiN| 1. apolo 14 meM gae aMtarikSa yAtrI mizela ne aMtarikSa se pRthvI ke bIca atIndriya bodha sambandhI kucha prayoga kie the|

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 1960 ke lagabhaga eka caikoslovAkI bhautikazAstrI, jIva-rasAyana-zAstrI va parAmanovijJAnI DaoN. milAna rijla ne kucha vyaktiyoM ko sammohita karake unameM atIndriya pratyakSaNa kI kSamatA vikasita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| apanI eka viziSTa vidhi dvArA Apa eka yuvaka pAvela sTaipaneka ke sAtha aisA karane meM saphala bhI hue| pAvela kI kSamatA kI jAMca karane aneka dezoM se parAmanovijJAnI prAga pahuMce va use aneka dezoM kI prayogazAlAoM meM le jAkara parIkSaNa kiyA gyaa| pAvela sabhI prayogoM meM saphala rhaa| kiMtu eka vicitra bAta yaha dekhI gaI ki pAvela kucha vizeSa prakAra ke prayogoM meM va apane priya pattoM kA upayoga meM lie jAne para avazya saphala hotA thaa| kucha pattoM ko vaha unheM cAhe jitane aura cAhe jaise liphAphoM meM banda kiye jAne para bhI sahI-sahI pahacAna letA thaa| aisA spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki sammohana dvArA kucha vyaktiyoM meM atIndriya pratyakSaNa kI kSamatA utpanna kI jA sakatI hai|) 1968 meM DaoN. thelamA maoNsa ne apane prayogoM dvArA yaha siddha kiyA ki bhAvAtmaka (imozanala) sAmagrI kA saMpreSaNa bhAvahIna kI apekSA adhika mAtrA va adhika spaSTa rUpa meM hotA hai| 1962 meM mAimonIDisa DaoN. monTegyU ulamAna ne DaoN. gArDanara marphI ke sahayoga se eka 'DrIma leboreTarI'-svapna prayogazAlA mAtra parAmanovaijJAnika zodhakArya hetu sthApita kii| 1964 meM DaoN. sTenale kripanera ke sAtha yahAM para bahuta-se aise prayoga kie gae jinameM ki sote hue vyakti ke svapnoM ko anya kamare meM kinhIM kalAkRtiyoM para dhyAna kendrita karake prabhAvita karane kI ceSTA kI gii| prayogoM se saphalatApUrNa pariNAma prApta hue| aba yahAM atIndriya pratyakSaNa ke anya pahaluoM para zodha cala rahA hai| udhara rUsa meM leninagreDa vizvavidyAlaya meM zarIravijJAna vibhAga ke adhyakSa va lenina puraskAra vijetA liyoniDa ela. vAsiliyeva ne 1960 meM eka sabhA meM upasthita rUsa ke vaijJAnikoM ko isa ghoSaNA se cauMkA diyA ki ve lambe arase se paracitta bodha zakti dvArA sammohana-sujhAva ke prayoga karate rahe haiN| unhoMne kahA ki "amarIkI nausenA Aja apanI ANavika panaDubbiyoM se paracitta bodha zakti dvArA saMdeza bhejane kA prayoga kara rahI hai, lekina soviyata vijJAniyoM ne 25 varSe pUrva hI isa taraha ke aneka saphala parIkSaNa kara DAle haiN| ___soviyata vijJAniyoM dvArA jalamagna panaDubbI va bhUmi ke bIca jo parIkSaNa kiyA gayA thA vaha mAnava para nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| yaha prayoga eka mAdA kharagoza va usake navajAta chaunoM para kiyA gayA thaa| 'vaijJAnikoM ne panaDubbI ke chaunoM ko rakhA aura unakI mAM ko taTa para

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120 jaina darzana aura vijJAna sthita eka prayogazAlA meM rkhaa| yahAM unake mastiSka meM unhoMne ilaikTroDsa lagA die| jaba panaDubbI sAgara meM kAphI nIce calI gaI taba usameM maujUda sahAyakoM ne eka-eka karake una chaunoM ko mAranA zurU kiyA / mAdA kharagoza ko kucha patA nahIM thA ki kyA ho rahA hai| baccoM kI mRtyu kaba huI yaha saba jAnane kA usake pAsa koI upAya na thaa| phira bhI pratyeka chaune kI mRtyu ke kSaNa usakI mAM ke mastiSka meM ajIba-sI pratikriyA huI / " * 1966 meM suvikhyAta 'd greNDa mosko - sAiberiyA TailIpethI TesTa' saMpanna kiyA gayA thaa| isakA eka rocaka vivaraNa 'sAikika DiskavarIja bihAiMDa d Airana karTena' prastuta kiyA gayA hai : 19 apraila, 1966 kI bAta hai / paricitta - bodha ke parIkSaNa ke lie kArla nikolAyeva ko mAsko se sAiberiyA jAnA par3A / sAiberiyA ke vijJAna - nagara ke nAma se vikhyAta novosibriska havAI aDDe para jaise hI kArla apane vimAna se utarA use lagA jaise bIsiyoM jor3I AMkheM Akara usase cipaka gaI haiN| hara jor3I AMkha meM eka alaga kisma kA bhAva hai-kisI meM jijJAsA, kisI meM upahAsa / kArla ko yaha saba svAbhAvika lgaa| vaha jAnatA thA ki binA pratyakSa anubhava kie loga vizvAsa hI nahIM kareMge ki vaha mAsko se bheje gae paracitta saMdezoM ko sUdUra sAiberiyA meM grahaNa kara sakatA hai / vaha pUre vizvAsa se parIkSaNa ke lie taiyAra ho gayA / sAiberiyA kI ThaNDI sannATe bharI AdhI rAta kArla 'golDana vailI hoTala' ke eka kamare meM kucha soviyata vaijJAnikoM ke sAtha baiThA thaa| kamare meM mauna chAyA huA thaa| udhara saikar3oM mIla dUra mAsko ke pUrNataH pRthak aura 'insuleTeDa' kakSa meM yUrI kAskI kucha vaijJAnikoM ke sAtha baiThA huA thA / yUrI ko yaha kataI nahIM mAlUma thA ki use kArla ko kisa Azaya kA paracita saMdeza bhejanA hai / kucha hI kSaNa bAda kremalina kI ghar3I ne ATha bajAye aura kakSa meM maujUda eka vijJAnI ne kAskI ko eka sIla banda paikeTa diyA / paikeTa meM dhAtu kI banI eka mAnI thI jisameM sAta ghere the / kAskI ke zabdoM meM- "maiMne kamAnI ko uThAyA va usake ghere para aMguliyAM phirAne lgaa| maiMne koziza kI ki kamAnI ke citra ko pUrI taraha apane meM jajba kara lUM / sAtha hI maiMne nikolAyeva ke cehare ko bhI yAda kiyA / maiMne kalpanA kI ki jaise nikolAyeva mere sAmane baiThA hai| isake bAda maiMne kalpanA kI kI maiMne kArla nikolAyeva ke eka kandhe ke pIche se kamAnI ko dekha rahA huuN| phira maiMne kalpanA kI ki maiM usI (kArla nikolAyeva kI ) AMkho se kamAnI ko dekha rahA huuN|" "isI kSaNa udhara eka hajAra ATha sau sATha mIla dUra kArla tanAva se bhara gayA /

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 121 eka pratyakSadarzI ke anusAra usakI aMguliyAM jaise kisI aisI vastu para, jo kevala kArla ko dikhAI detI thI, phirane lgiiN| isI kSaNa usane likhA-gola. dhAta nirmita, camakatI haI, ghere jaisI lagatI hai|'' isake bAda jaba kAmeMskI ne eka pecakasa kA biMba bhejanA cAhA to kArla nikolAyeva ne tatkSaNa likhA-"laMbA, patalA. ..dhAtu.....plAsTika..... kAlA plaasttik|" mAsko-sAiberiyA ke bIca hue isa paracitta bodha ke parIkSaNa kI soviyata sagha meM vyApaka pratikriyA huI aura atIndriya bodha sambandhI aura aneka parIkSaNa vibhinna vijJAniyoM dvArA kie ge| 1971 meM, apolo 14 ke eka antarikSa yAtrI eDagara mizela pahale aise vyakti hue, jinhoMne ki antarikSa va pRthvI ke bIca atIndriya bodha saMbaMdhI parIkSaNa kie| ___ candramA para kadama rakhane vAle vyakti mizela antarikSa vijJAnoM meM tIna 'DAkTareTa' kI upAdhiyAM arjita kara cuke the| aneka varSoM se ApakI parAmanovijJAna meM vizeSa ruci rahI hai| jaba ApakA candramA para jAnA nizcita huA to Apane isa paracittabodha kI dUrI se jAMca karane ke lie eka suavasara bhI paayaa| Apane jainara kArDsa kA upayoga karate hue pRthvI para cAra vyaktiyoM ko unake cihna saMpreSita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| DaoN. rAina va amerikana sosAiTI phaoNra sAikikala risarca ke DaoN. kArlisa osisa ne ina prayogoM ke pariNAmoM kA vizleSaNa karake yaha batAyA ki inase pUrvAbhAsa kA sAkSya milatA hai| atIndriya pratyakSaNa saMbaMdhI ina aneka prayogoM se yaha to siddha ho gayA ki 'atIndriya pratyakSaNa' eka vAstavikatA hai, mAtra kapola-kalpanA nhiiN| kintu isakI prakRti ke sambandha meM abhI bhI aneka prazna hai jinake yA to Adhe-adhUre uttara hI mila pAye haiM yA jo abhI sarvathA anuttarita hI haiN| atIndriya pratyakSaNa kI kSamatA kaba-kina paristhitiyoM meM utpanna kI jA sakatI hai? kyA isa para kisI prakAra se niyaMtraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai? yaha dhIre-dhIre kama kyoM ho jAtI haiM? kisa prakAra ke vyaktiyoM meM yaha kSamatA adhika yA kama pAI jAtI hai? Adi-Adi aneka prazna haiM, jinakA samucita samAdhAna khojanA abhI bAkI hai| 1950 se 1982 ke bIca isa taraha ke praznoM kI katAra aura laMbI ho gaI hai| naye prayogoM se jitane uttara mile haiM kadAcit unase adhika acinhe kSetra ujAgara hue haiN| vicAra-saMpreSaNa okalTa sAinsa ke vaijJAnikoM ne yaha tathya pragaTa kiyA ki AdamI jaba taka

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122 jaina darzana aura vijJAna apane zarIra ke viziSTa kendroM ko cumbakIya kSetra nahIM banA letA, elekTro-megneTika philDa nahIM banA letA, taba taka usameM pAradarzana kI kSamatA nahIM jAga sakatI / Aja ke pairAsAIkolaoNjisTa TelIpaithI kA prayoga karate haiN| TailIpaithI kA artha hai- vicAra - saMpreSaNa / eka AdamI kosoM kI dUrI para hai| usase bAta karanI hai, kaise ho sakatI hai? Aja to TelIphona aura vAyaralesa kA sAdhana hai / ghara baiThA AdamI hajAroM kosoM para rahane vAle anake vyaktiyoM se bAta kara letA haiM prAcIna kAla meM ye sAdhana nahI the, TelIpaithI zabda bhI nahIM thA / yaha aMgrejI kA zabda hai / usa samaya vicAroM ko hajAroM kosa dUra bhejanA vicAra saMpreSaNa kI prakriyA se hotA thA / jaise eka yogI hai usakA ziSya pAMca hajAra mIla dUrI para baiThe apane ziSya ko kucha batAnA cAhatA hai, usase bAtacIta karanA cAhatA hai to vicAra saMpreSaNa kI sAdhanA kI jAtI jisase vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna ho jAtA thA / atIndriya cetanA: vikAsa kI prakriyA vikAsa ke krama ke anusAra pratyeka prANI meM cetanA anAvRta hotI hai| indriya, mAnasika aura bauddhika cetanA ke sAtha-sAtha kucha aspaSTa yA dhuMdhalI - sI atIndriya cetanA bhI anAvRta hotI hai / pUrvAbhAsa vicAra - saMpreSaNa Adi usI koTi ke haiM / atIndriya cetanA kI prArambhika avasthA - - pUrvAbhAsa, atItabodha aura usakI vikasita avasthA kI sImA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai / manaH paryavajJAna yA paracittajJAna bhI atIndrijJAna hai / vicAra-saMpreSaNa vikasita indriya-cetanA kA hI eka stara hai / use atIndriya jJAna kahanA sahaja-sarala nahIM hai / vicAra - saMpreSaNa kI prakriyA meM apane mastiSka meM ubharane vAle vicAra - pratibimboM ke AdhAra para dUsare ke vicAra jAne jAte haiN| pratyeka vicAra apanI AkRti kA nirmANa karatA hai / vicAra kA silasilA calatA hai taba naI-naI AkRtiyAM nirmita hotI jAtI haiM aura prAcIna AkRtiyAM visarjita ho, AkAzika rekArDa meM jamA hotI jAtI haiN| manaH paryavajJAnI una AkRtiyoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara saMbaddha vyakti kI vicAradhArA ko jAna letA hai / usameM atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke vicAroM ko jAnane kI kSamatA hotI hai / mAnasika cintana ke lie upayukta paramANuoM kI eka rAzi hotI hai / vaha paramANu rAzi hamAre cintana meM sahayoga karatI - hai / usake grahaNa kie binA hama koI bhI ciMtana nahIM kara skte| usa rAzi ke paramANuoM ke bhAvI parivartana ke AdhAra para manaH paryavajJAnI bhaviSya meM hone vAle vicAra ko bhI jAna sakatA hai 1 manuSya kA vyaktitva do AyAmoM meM vikasita hotA hai / usakA bAharI AyAma vistRta aura niraMtara gatizIla hotA hai / usakA Antarika AyAma saMkucita aura niSkriya hotA hai| usake bAharI AyAma kI vyAkhyA sthUla zarIra, vANI, mana aura buddhi

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 123 ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai| usake Antarika AyAma kI vyAkhyA sUkSma aura sUkSmatara zarIra, prANa-zakti, prajJA (atIndriya cetanA) aura amUrchA ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai| bAharI vyaktitva se hamArA ghaniSTa sambandha hai| usameM buddhi kA sthAna sarvopari hai, isalie vaha hamAre citaMna kI sImA bana gyii| usase pare parAvidyA kI bhUmikA hai| parAvidyA kA pahalA caraNa hai buddhi kI sImA kA atikrmnn| jaise hI prajJA kA jAgaraNa hotA hai, buddhi kI sImA atikrAMta ho jAtI hai| indriyoM se pare mana hai aura mana se pare buddhi hai| bAharI vyaktitva isa sImA se Age nahIM jA sktaa| isa sImA ko pAra karate hI manuSya kA Antarika vyaktitva ujAgara ho jAtA hai| vahAM prANa-zakti prakhara hotI hai aura cetanA sUkSma / buddhi kI sImA meM padArtha ke prati mUrchA kA na honA sambhava nahIM mAnA jAtA kintu prajJA kI sImA meM samatA kA bhAva nirmita hotA hai aura amUrchA saMbhava bana jAtI hai| parAvidyA ke kSetra meM prANa-UrjA aura atIndriya cetanA kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai kintu amUrchA yA vItarAgatA usake adhyayana kA viSaya abhI nahIM bana pAyA hai| yaha parAmanovijJAna kI eka mahattvapUrNa zAkhA ho sakatI hai| amarjA kA vidhAyaka artha hai-smtaa| usakA vikAsa hone para atIndriya cetanA apane Apa vikasita hotI hai| parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAle loga kevala atIndriya cetanA ke vikAsa kI khoja meM lage hue haiN| yaha khoja bahuta lambI ho sakatI hai aura anAsthA bhI utpanna kara sakatI hai| atIndriya cetanA kI spaSTatA ke lie zarIragata caitanya-kendroM ko nirmala banAnA hotA hai| saMyama aura caritra kI sAdhanA jitanI puSTa hotI hai, utanI hI unakI nirmalatA bar3hatI jAtI hai.| caitanya-kendroM ko nirmala banAne kA sabase sazakta sAdhana hai dhyAna / atIndriyajJAna ke dhuMdhale rUpa caritra ke vikAsa ke binA bhI saMbhava ho sakate haiM kintu atIndriya cetanA ke vikAsa ke sAtha caritra ke vikAsa kA gaharA sambandha hai| yahAM caritra kA artha samatA hai, rAga-dveSa yA priyatA-apriyatA ke bhAva se mukta honA hai| usakI abhyAsa paddhati prekSA-dhyAna haiN| bhAvataMtra kA pariSkAra agramastiSka (phraMTala laoNba) kaSaya yA viSamatA ke kendra hai| atIndriya cetanA kA kendra bhI vahI hai| jaise-jaise viSamatA samatA meM rUpAntarita hotI hai vaise-vaise atIndriya cetanA vikasita hotI calI jAtI hai| usakA sAmAnya bindu pratyeka prANI meM vikasita hotA hai| usakA viziSTa vikAsa samatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI hotA hai| manuSya ke AvegoM aura AvezoM para hAipothelemasa kA niyaMtraNa hai| usase piniyala aura picyUTarI glaiNDsa prabhAvita hote hai| unakA srAva eDrInala glaiNDa ko prabhAvita karatA

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124 jaina darzana aura vijJAna hai| vahAM Aveza prakaTa hote hai| ye Avega atIndriya cetanA ko niSkriya banA dete haiN| usI sakriyatA ke lie hAipothelemasa aura pUre granthitaMtra ko prabhAvita karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| granthitaMtra kA sambandha manuSya ke bhAvapakSa se hai| bhAvapakSa kA sRjana isa sthUla-zarIra se nahIM hotaa| usakA sRjana sUkSma aura sUkSmatara zarIra se hotA hai| sUkSma zarIra se Age vAle pratibimba aura prakaMpana hAipothelemasa ke dvArA granthitaMtra meM utarate hai| jaisA bhAva hotA hai, vaisA hI granthiyAM kA srAva hotA hai aura srAva ke anurUpa hI manuSya kA vyavahAra aura AcaraNa banatA hai| yaha kahane meM koI jaTilatA nahIM lagatI ki manuSya ke vyavahAra aura AcaraNa kA niyaMtraNa granthitaMtra karatA hai aura graMthitaMtra kA niyaMtraNa hAipothelemasa ke mAdhyama se bhAvataMtra karatA hai aura bhAvataMtra sUkSma-zarIra ke stara para sUkSma-cetanA ke sAtha janma letA hai| smRti, kalpanA aura cintana kI pavitratA se bhAvataMtra prabhAvita hotA hai aura usase granthitaMtra kA srAva badala jAtA hai| usa rAsAyanika parivartana ke sAtha manuSya kA vyavahAra aura AcaraNa bhI badala jAtA hai| yaha parivartana manuSya kI atIndriya cetanA ko sakriya meM bahuta upayoga karatA hai| (3) atIndriyaM zakti-yogaja upalabdhiyAM evaM mana:prabhAva jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa Rddhi aura labdhi dhyAna, tapa aura bhAvanA ye tInoM zakti ke srota haiN| inake dvArA vItarAgatA upalabdha hotI hai, caitanya kA zuddha svarUpa upalabdha hotA hai, mokSa upalabdha hotA hai| inakI dhArA jisa dizA meM pravAhita hotI hai vahI dizA udaghATita ho jAtI hai| inase sAdhaka ko aneka prakAra kI RddhiyoM yA labdhiyAM bhI prApta hotI haiN| ye sAmAnya vyakti meM nahIM hotI , isalie inheM alaukika yA lokottara kahA jAtA hai| kucha loga inheM camatkAra mAnate haiN| pUrvAbhAsa, dUrabodha, vastuoM kA icchAzakti se nirmANa aura paricAlana, sparza se bhayAnaka bImAriyoM ko miTAnA-ye saba camatkAra jaise lagate haiN| camatkAra kA khaMDana karane vAloM kA kahanA hai ki ye bAteM nahIM ho sktiiN| ye prAkRtika niyamoM ke virUddha haiN| jina logoM ne dhyAna ke kSetra meM abhyAsa kiyA hai ve loga isa camatkAravAda ko svIkAra nahIM karate / unakA abhimata hai ki ye saba camatkAra nahIM hai| ye sArI ghaTanAeM prAkRtika niyamoM ke AdhAra para hI ghaTita hotI hai| jina logoM ne ina viSayoM meM prAkRtika niyamoM kA jJAna nahIM hai ve hI inheM camatkAra kaha sakate hai| dhyAna kI paraMparA hajAroM varSa purAnI hai| dhyAna ke AcAryoM ne aneka prAkRtika niyamoM kI khoja kI hai| jo kucha ghATeta hotA hai vaha prAkRtika niyamoM kA ullaMghana nahIM hai, kintu prakRti ke sUkSma niyamoM kA avabodha hai| reDiyo-taraMgoM ke saMcAra-krama

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 125 ke niyamoM ko nahI jAnane vAlA dUra-zravaNa ko camatkAra mAna sakatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM dUra-darzana bhI eka camatkAra hI hai| kiMtu eka vaijJAnika ke lie vaha koI camatkAra nahIM haiN| 'kSa' kiraNoM ke dvArA Thosa vastu ke pAra dekhA jA sakatA hai| taba pAra-darzana kI zakti ko camatkAra kaise mAnA jAe? hama isa tathya ko asvIkAra nahIM kareMge ki manuSya ke zarIra meM aneka rAsAyanika dravya haiN| ve vividha saMyogoM meM badalate rahate haiN| bhAvanA ke dvArA zArIrika vidyut aura rAsAyanika dravyoM meM parivartana hotA hai| dhyAna aura tapasyA ke dvArA bhI aisA ghaTita hotA hai| ina AMtarika parivartanoM kI rasAyanazAstra ke niyamoM dvArA vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| rasAyanazAstra ke saba niyama jJAta ho cuke haiM-yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aise aneka niyama ho sakate haiM jo Aja bhI jJAta nahIM hai| saba niyama jJAta ho jAeMge, yaha garvokti sudUra bhaviSya meM bhI nahIM jA sktii| isa sthiti meM jina AMtarika RddhiyoM ko hama camatkAra kI saMjJA dete haiM, isakI apekSA ucita yaha hogA ki unheM hama prakRti ke sUkSma niyamoM kI jAnakArI ke phalita kI saMjJA deN| ina RddhiyoM ko AdhyAtmika kahanA bhI bahuta saMgata nahIM lgtaa| kucheka RddhiyAM AdhyAtmika ho sakatI haiM, jaise-kevalajJAna / kiMtu sabhI RddhiyAM AdhyAtmika nahIM haiN| bahuta sArI paudgalika yA bhautika haiN| ve aMtarjagat meM yA AMtarika sAdhanoM se upalabdha hotI haiM, isalie unheM alaukika kahA jA sakatA hai kiMtu apaudgalika yA AdhyAtmika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sahI dizA do sAdhaka eka bAra mile| eka ko jala para baiThane kI siddhi prApta thii| usane kahA-'Ao, jala para baitthe|' dUsare ko AkAza meM baiThane kI siddhi prApta thii| usane kahA-'Ao, AkAza meM hI baitthe|' apanI bAta ko mor3a dete hae usane phira kahA-'jala para baiThane meM kyA bar3I bAta hogI? machaliyAM usI meM rahatI hai| AkAza meM baiThane kA kyA mahattva hogA? pakSI AkAza meM hI rahate haiN| mahattva kI bAta yaha hogI ki hama adhyAtma kA aura adhika vikAsa kareM, samabhAva ko bar3hAeM aura vItarAgatA kI dizA meM gatizIla bneN|' dhyAna se manuSya do dizAoM meM gatizIla hotA hai| eka dizA hai vItarAgatA kI aura dUsarI dizA hai RddhiyoM kii| vItarAgatA AdhyAtmika upalabdhi hai aura Rddhi caitanya aura pudgala ke saMyoga se hone vAlI upalabdhi hai| vaha dhyAna-sAdhanA ke prAsaMgika phalasvarUpa meM bhI hotI hai aura dhyAna, bhAvanA Adi ko vizeSa dizA meM pravAhita karane para bhI hotI hai| vaha paudgalika isalie hai ki vanauSadhi se bhI upalabdha hotI hai| sabhI RddhiyAM vanauSadhi se prApta nahIM hotIM, kucheka hotI haiM, phira bhI vanauSadhi se ve prApta hotI haiM isa lie ve paudgalika haiN| vacana-siddhi dhyAna-bhAvanA

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126 jaina darzana aura vijJAna Adi se bhI prApta hotI hai aura vanauSadhi ke prayoga se bhI prApta hotI hai| dUradarzana, pUrvajanma kI smRti Adi RddhiyAM vanauSadhi se bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| isalie ve paudgalika haiM / ve maMtra-sAdhanA ke dvArA bhI prApta hotI haiN| dhvani ke spaMdana aura usameM utpanna hone vAlI vidyut se zarIra aura mana meM aneka parivartana hote haiN| maMtra, auSadhi Adi se jo RddhiyAM upalabdha hotI haiM, ve AdhyAtmika prakriyA nahIM haiN| labdhiyoM kI vicitra zakti tIna zabda haiM-manobalI, vacanabalI, aura kaayblii| jisa sAdhaka ko manobala labdhi prApta hotI hai vaha aMtarmaharta meM caudaha pUrvo kA parAvartana kara sakatA hai| 'pUrva' athAha jJAna ke bhaMDAra haiN| unakA parAvartana 48 miniTa meM karanA viziSTa zakti kA dyotaka hai| jise vacana labdhi prApta hai vaha pUrva kI jJAnarAzi kA uccAraNa aMtarmuhUrta meM kara sakatA hai| yaha bAta buddhigamya nahIM hotI, kiMtu kampyUTara ke AviSkAra ne isa bAta ko buddhigamya banA DAlA, samasyA kA hala kara ddaalaa| kampyUTara eka sekaNDa meM eka lAkha chiyAsI hajAra gaNita ke bhAgoM (vikalpoM) kA gaNita kara letA hai| vidyut kI jitanI gati hai, usake anusAra vaha kArya kara letA hai| vidyut kI gati eka sekaNDaM meM 1,86,000 mIla kI hai| itanI hI tIvra gati se kampyUTara gaNita ke vikalpoM kA gaNita kara letA hai| vidyut kI gati se calane vAlA kampyUTara eka sekaNDa meM itanA kAma kara sakatA hai to caturdazapUrvI eka aMtarmuhUrta meM sAre jJAna kA pArAyaNa yA uccAraNa kyoM nahIM kara sakatA? kampyUTara ke pAsa vidyut kI zakti hai to caturdazapUrvI ke pAsa taijasa zakti hai| usaka taijasa zarIra itanA vikasita ho jAtA hai, usakI daihika vidyut itanI tIvragAmI ho jAtI hai ki vaha yaha kAma sahajatA se kara sakatA hai| taijasa kI vidyut isa vidyut se adhika zaktizAlI hotI hai| itanA hone para bhI hama apaudgalikatA kI sImA meM nahI jA skte| cAhe kampyUTara kI tvarita zakti ho, cAhe caturdazapUrvI kI tvarita zakti ho, yaha hai sArI paudgalika sImA meN| kampyUTara vidyut kI dhArA ke sahAre apanA kArya karatA hai aura caturdazapUrvI taijasa zarIra kI vidyuta-dhArA ke sahAre apanA kArya karatA hai| vidyut-dhArA bhI paudgalika hai aura taijasa zarIra bhI paudgalika hai ve a-paudgalika nahIM hai| __ labdhi, Rddhi, yogaja upalabdhi, prAtihArya, atizaya, vacanAtizaya Adi kA jitanA vizada vivecana jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hai, utanA anyatra durlabha hai| isa varNana kA sAra yaha hai ki cetanA kI AMtarika zaktiyoM ko vikasita kara samasta paudgalika jagat ko prabhAvita kiyA jA sakatA hai| cetanA-janita bhautika bala jise "Psycho-physical Force'' kahA jA sakatA hai ke vibhinna prabhAva ukta labdhi 1. jaina AgamoM ke grantha-vizeSa

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna Adi zaktiyoM meM pratilakSita hote haiM / RddhiyAM: prApti aura pariNAma Rddhi kI upalabdhi ke aneka sAdhana haiM- vidyA, maMtra, taMtra, tapasyA bhAvanA aura dhyaan| inakI prAyogika paddhati prAyaH lupta ho cukI hai| phira bhI usake kucha bIja Aja bhI surakSita haiM / kucha pramukha RddhiyAM isa prakAra hai- 1. kevalajJAna - pUrNa atIndriya jJAna / 2. avadhijJAna - AMzika atIndriya jJAna / 3. manaH paryavajJAna - mAnasika avasthAoM kA jJAna / 4. bIjabuddhi - eka bIja - pada ko prApta kara usake sahAre aneka padoM aura arthoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA / kSamatA ! 5. koSThabuddhi - gRhIta pada aura artha kI dhruva smRti / 6. padAnusAritva - eka pada ke AdhAra para pUre zloka yA sUtra ko jAnane kI 127 7. saMbhinnasrota-(1) kisI bhI eka iMdriya ke dvArA sabhI iMdriyoM ke viSayoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA / 8. dUra - AsvAdana -dUra se AsvAda lene kI kSamatA / 9. dUra-darzana- dUrastha viSayoM ko dekhane kI kSamatA / 10. dUra - sparzana- dUrastha viSayoM kA sparza karane kI kSamatA / 11. dUra-ghrANa- dUrastha gaMdha ko sUMghane kI kSamatA / 12. dUra-zravaNa- dUrastha zabda ko sunane kI kSamatA / 13. cAraNa aura AkAzagAmitva (2) saba aMgoM se sunane kI kSamatA / (3) aneka zabdoM ko eka sAtha sunane aura unakA artha -- bodha karane kI kSamatA / 0 jaMghA - cAraNa-sUrya kI razmiyoM kA AlaMbana le AkAza meM ur3ane kI kSamatA / eka hI ur3Ana meM lAkhoM yojana dUra tathA hajAroM yojana UMcA calA jAnA / dharatI se cAra aMgula Upara pairoM ko uThAkara calanA / 0 vyoma - cAraNa- padmAsana kI mudrA meM AkAza meM ur3ane kI kSamatA / 0 jala- cAraNa- jala ke jIvoM ko kaSTa die binA samudra Adi jalAzayoM para calane kI kSamatA /

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128 jaina darzana aura vijJAna 0 puSpa-cAraNa-vanaspati ko kaSTa die binA phUloM ke sahAre calane kI kssmtaa| 0 zreNI-cAraNa- parvatoM ke zikharoM para calane kI kssmtaa| 0 agnizikhA-cAraNa-agni kI zikhA kA AlaMbana le calane kI kssmtaa| .0 dhUma-cAraNa-dhUma kI paMkti ke sahAre ur3ane kI kssmtaa| 0 markaTataMtu-cAraNa-makar3I ke jAla ke sahArA le calane kI kssmtaa| 0 jyotirazmi-cAraNa-sUrya, cAMda yA anya kisI graha-nakSatra kI razmiyoM ko pakar3akara Upara jAne kI kssmtaa| 0 vAyu-caraNa-havA ke sahAre Upara ur3ane kI kssmtaa| 0 jalada-cAraNa-megha ke sahAre calane kI kssmtaa| 0 avazyAya-cAraNa-osa ke sahAre ur3ane kI kssmtaa| 14. AmarSa-auSadhi-hasta, pAda Adi ke sparza se vyAdhi ke apanayana kI kssmtaa| 15. kSvelauSadhi-thUka se vyAdhi ke apanayana kI kssmtaa| 16. jallauSadhi-mela se vyAdhi ke apanayana kI kssmtaa| 17. malauSadhi-kAna, dAMta Adi ke mala se vyAdhi ke apanayana kI kssmtaa| 18. vipuDauSadhi-mala-mUtra se vyAdhi ke apanayana kI kssmtaa| 19. sarvauSadhi-zarIra ke sabhI aMga, pratyaMga, nakha, daMta Adi se vyAdhi ke apanayana kI kssmtaa| jise ye auSadhi-RddhiyAM (14-19) prApta hotI haiM, usake avayavoM meM roga. ko dUra karane kI kSamatA vikasita ho jAtI hai aura usake thUka, mela, mala, mutra Adi surabhita ho jAte haiN| 20. AsyaviSa-vANI ke dvArA dUsare meM viSa vyApta karane kI kssmtaa| 21. dRSTiviSa-dRSTi ke dvArA dUsare meM viSa vyApta karane kI kssmtaa| 22. kSIrAmavI- 11. hAtha ke sparza mAtra se virasa bhojana ko dUgha, madhu, 23. madhvAsravI- ghI aura amUta kI bhAMti sarasa karane kI kssmtaa| 24. sarpirAlavI- | 2. dUdha, madhu, ghI aura amRta kI bhAMti mana ko 25. amRtAsravI-- AhlAdita aura zarIra ko romAMcita karane kI vAcika kssmtaa|

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 129 26. akSINamahAnasa-hAtha ke sparza mAtra se bhojana ko akhUTa karane kI kssmtaa| 27. manobalI-kSaNabhara meM vipula zruta aura artha ke ciMtana kI mAnasika kssmtaa| 28. vAgabalI-UMce svara se satata zruta kA uccAraNa karane para bhI azrAMta rahane kI kssmtaa| 29. kAyabalI-mahInoM taka eka hI Asana baiThe yA khar3e rahane kI kssmtaa| 30. vaikriya-inake aneka prakAra haiM(1) aNimA-zarIra ko choTA banAne kI kssmtaa| (2) mahimA-zarIra ko bar3A banAne kI kssmtaa| (3) laghimA-zarIra ko vAyu se bhI halkA banAne kI kssmtaa| (4) garimA-zarIra ko bhArI banAne kI kssmtaa| (5) apratighAta-Thosa padArthoM se bhI askhalita gati karane kI kssmtaa| (6) kAmarUpitva-eka sAtha aneka rUpoM ke nirmANa kI kssmtaa|. 31. AhAraka-eka putale kA nirmANa kara yatheSTa sthAna para bhejane kI kssmtaa| 32. tejas-zArIrika vidyut ke dvArA anugraha aura nigraha karane kI kssmtaa| yaha haThayoga aura taMtrazAstra meM prasiddha kuMDalinI zakti hai| tejAlezyA (kuMDalinI) taijasa zarIra: anugraha-nigraha kA sAdhana hama zarIradhArI hai| zarIra do prakAra ke haiM--sthUla aura sUkSma / asthicarmamaya zarIra sthUla hai| taijasa zarIra sUkSma aura karma-zarIra atisUkSma hai| hamAre pAcana, sakriyatA aura tejasvitA kA mUla taijasa zarIra hai| vaha pUre sthUla zarIra meM vyApta rahatA hai tathA dIpti aura tejasvinI utpanna karatA hai| vidyuta, prakAza aura tApa-ye tInoM zaktiyAM usameM vidyamAna hai| zarIra meM do prakAra kI vidyut hai-ghArSaNika aura dhArAvAhI yA mAnasika / ghANika vidyut kA utpAdana zarIra karatA hai aura dhArAvAhI vidyut kA utpAdana mastiSka karatA hai| mastiSkIya vidyut-dhArA snAyu-maMDala meM saMcarita rahatI hai| vaha jJAna-taMtuoM ke dvArA mastiSka taka pahuMcAtI hai aura usase mile nirdezoM kA zArIrika avayavoM ke dvArA kriyAnvayana karAtI hai| isakA mUla hetu taijasa zarIra hai| yaha zarIra prANimAtra ke sAtha nirantara rahatA hai| eka prANI mRtyu ke uparAnta dUsare janma meM jAtA hai| use antarAla gati meM bhI taijasa zarIra usake sAtha

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130 jaina darzana aura vijJAna rahatA hai| karma-zarIra saba zarIroM kA mUla hai| usake bAda dUsarA sthAna taijasa zarIra kA hai| yaha sUkSma pudgaloM se nirmita hotA hai, isalie carma-cakSu se dRzya nahI hotaa| yaha svAbhAvika bhI hotA hai aura tapasyA dvArA upalabdha bhI hotA hai| yaha tapa dvArA upalabdha taijasa zarIra se hI tejolezyA hai| ise tejolabdhi bhI kahA jAtA hai| svAbhAvika taijasa zarIra saba prANiyoM meM hotA hai| tapasyA se upalabdha hone vAlA taijasa zarIra sabameM nahI hotaa| vaha tapasyA se upalabdha hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki tapasyA se taijasa zarIra kI kSamatA bar3ha jAtI hai| svAbhAvika taijasa zarIra sthUla zarIra se bAhara nahIM nikltaa| tapojanita taijasa zarIra zarIra ke bAhara nikala sakatA hai| usameM anugraha aura nigraha kI zakti hotI hai| usake bAhara nikalane kI prakriyA kA nAma taijasa samudghAta haiN| jaba vaha kisI para anugraha karane ke lie bAhara nikalatA hai taba usakA varNa haMsa kI bhAMti sapheda hotA hai| vaha tapasvI ke dAeM kaMdhe se nikalatA hai| usakI AkRti saumya hotI hai| vaha lakSya hita-sAdhana kara (roga Adi kA upazamana kara) phira apane mUla zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| jaba vaha kisI kA nigraha karane ke lie bAhara nikalatA hai taba usakA varNa sindUra jaisA lAla hotA haiN| vaha tapasvI ke bAeM kaMdhe se nikalatA hai| usakI AkRti raudra hotI hai| vaha lakSya kA vinAza, dAha kara phira apane mUla zarIra meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| ___ anugraha karane vAlI tejolezyA ko 'zIta' aura nigraha karane vAlI tejolezyA ko uSNa kahA jAtA hai| zItala tejolezyA uSNa tejolezyA ke prahAra ko niSphala banA detI hai| tejAlezyA anupayoga kAla meM saMkSipta aura upayoga kAla meM vipula ho jAtI hai| vipula avasthA meM vaha sUryabimba ke samAna durdarza hotI hai| vaha itanI cakAcauMdha paidA karatI hai ki manuSya use khulI AMkhoM se dekha nahIM sktaa| tejolezyA kA prayoga karane vAlA apanI taijas-zakti ko bAhara nikAlatA hai taba vaha mahAjvAlA ke rUpa meM vikarAla ho jAtI hai| tejolezyA kA sthAna taijasa zarIra hamAre samUce sthUla zarIra meM rahatA hai| phira bhI usake do vizeSa kendra haiM-mastiSka aura nAbhi kA pRsstthbhaag| mana aura zarIra ke bIca sabase bar3A saMbaMdha-setu mastiSka hai| nAbhi ke pRSThabhAga meM khAe hue AhAra kA prANa ke rUpa meM parivartana hotA hai| ata: zArIrika dRSTi se mastiSka aura nAbhi kA pRSThabhAga--ye donoM tejolezyA ke mahattvapUrNa kendra bana jAte haiN| yaha tejolezyA eka zakti hai|

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131 jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna tejAlezyA ke vikAsa-srota tejolezyA ke vikAsa koI eka hI srota nahIM hai| usakA vikAsa aneka srotoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMyama, dhyAna, vairAgya, bhakti, upAsanA, tapasyA Adi Adi usake vikAsa ke srota hai| ina vikAsa-srotoM kI pUrI jAnakArI likhita rUpa meM kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| yaha jAnakArI maulika rUpa meM AcArya ziSya ko svayaM dete the| gozAlaka ne mahAvIra se pUchA--bhaMte ! tejolezyA kA vikAsa kaise ho sakatA hai?' mahAvIra ne isake uttara meM use tejolezyA ke eka vikAsa-srota kA jJAna kraayaa| unhoMne kahA- 'jo sAdhaka nirantara do-do upavAsa karatA hai, pAraNA ke dina muThThIbhara ur3ada yA mUMga khAtA hai aura eka cUllU pAnI pItA hai, bhujAoM ko UMcIkara sUrya kI AtApanA letA hai, vaha chaha mahInoM ke bhItara hI tejolezyA ko vikasita kara letA hai|' tejolezyA ke tIna vikAsa-srota haiM1. AtApanA-sUrya ke tApa ko shnaa| 2. kSAMti-kSamA-samartha hue bhI krodha-nigrahapUrvaka apriya vyavahAra ko sahana krnaa| 3. jala-rahita tapasyA krnaa| parAmanovijJAna meM mana:prabhAva (sAikokAinesisa) mana dvArA padArtha ke sIdhe prabhAvita karane kI kriyA ko mana:prabhAva (sAikokAinesisa) kahA gayA hai| bAhya jagat meM mAnavIya kAryoM ke prati sAmAnya mAnyatA yahI hai ki pratyeka padArtha kArya ke lie daihika avayavoM, yathA mastiSka, snAyuoM, mAMsapeziyoM va karmendriyoM kA honA anivArya hai| kintu jaba koI kriyA binA daihika mAdhyama ke, mana dvArA sIdhe padArtha ko prabhAvita karake sampanna hotI ho, to use 'parAmanovijJAna' kI zreNI meM hI rakhanA hogaa| binA daihika (eMdriyika) mAdhyama ke mana dvArA sIdhe hI pratyakSaNa kara sakane kI kSamatA kA vivecana kara cuke haiN| aba yaha dekheM ki mana ke dvArA sIdhe padArtha ko prabhAvita karane kI kSamatA ke bAre meM parAmanovijJAnI dRSTi se kyA kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ eka subaha kI bAta hai| AirIna nAmaka eka yuvatI apane kamare meM abhI nIMda meM hI thI ki usake sAtha usI kamare meM rahane vAlI usakI sahelI kucha kharIdadArI ke lie bAjAra calI gii| jaba vaha bahuta sArA samAna lekara lauTI, to usane socA ki vaha nIce se hI ghaMTI bajA de, tAki jaba vaha Upara pahuMce, to use kamare kA daravAjA khulA mile| yaha socate-socate vaha nIce ke daravAje ko pAra kara

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132 jaina darzana aura vijJAna gii| phira eka kSaNa to usane mur3akara dekhA aura socA bhI "maiM ghaMTI bajAUM to ThIka hI rhegaa|'' lekina usane ghaMTI bajAI nhiiN| nIce jaba vaha yaha soca hI rahI thI ki Upara AirIna ko ghaMTI kI itanI jora kI AvAja sunAI dI ki vaha ekadama kUdakara bistara se bAhara nikalI aura daravAje kI ora lapaka gii| ___ yadi nizcita rUpa se yaha kahA jA sake ki AirIna kI sahelI ne vAstava meM anajAne meM, ghaMTI nahIM bajAI thI to yaha to svIkAra karanA hogA ki parA-sAmAnya antarnihita hai: kintu vaha atIndriya pratyakSaNa hai yA mana:-prabhAva yaha nizcita karanA svayaM parAmanovijJAniyoM ke lie kaThina hai| __ aura soviyata saMgha ke vijJAniyoM dvArA khUba acchI taraha adhyayana kI huI mAdAma nelyA mikhAilovA ke jIvana kI yaha ghaTanA (asalI nAma nAinela kulAginA) to nissaMdeha parIkathAoM kI taraha avizvasanIya hai| "eka bAra mAdAma mikhAilevA eka bhoja pArTI meM gyii| vahAM eka Tebula para DabalaroTI usase kucha dUra rakhI huI thii| usane usakI ora ekaTaka lagAtAra dekhanA zurU kiyaa| kucha hI minaToM bAda DabalaroTI usakI ora sarakane lgii| jaise hI vaha Tebula ke chora para AI, mAdAma mikhAilevA ne thor3A jhukakara muMha kholA aura agale hI kSaNa parIkathAoM ke adbhuta avizvasanIya dRzya kI taraha vaha DabalaroTI usake muMha meM pahuMca gii| mAdAma mikhAilevA spaSTata: mana:prabhAva abhivyakta kara rahI thiiN| ____ kuzAgrabuddhi evaM AkarSaka vyaktitva vAlI mahilA mAdAma mikhAilevA ne soviyata saMgha ke sarvocca vaijJAnikoM kI dekharekha meM aneka bAra vibhinna prakAra kI vastuoM jaise, kampAsa, dhAtu kA belana, phAunTena paina, mAcisa kI DibiyA, kAMca ke kavara ke nIce rakhI pAMca sigareToM Adi ko binA unheM sparza kiye, hilAne-DulAne athavA khisakAne kI kSamatA kA pradarzana kiyA hai| __1968 meM 'mAsko prAvadA' meM mAsko vizvavidyAlaya ke saiddhAntika bhautikazAstra vibhAga ke adhyakSa DaoN. yATaralesTakI ne spaSTa kahA : "zrImati mikhAilovA UrjA ke eka naye va ajJAta rUpa kA pradarzana karatI haiM aura aneka prakAra ke saMzayoM va AlocanAoM ke bAvajUda hara vaijJAnika ko, jisane bhI mAdAma mikhAilovA kA gambhIra rUpa se adhyayana kiyA, isa mata se sahamata honA pdd'aa| mAdAma mikhAilovA para koI sATha philmeM taiyAra huIM jinameM ki ve eka Tebula para par3I vibhinna prakAra kI vastuoM ko mAtra una para apanI dRSTi keMdrita 1. oNsTrenDara rolA va skroDara lina, 'sAikika DiskavarIja bihAinDa da Airana karTeja,' prisTasa haoNla, nyUyaoNrka 1970 /

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 133 karake athavA unake Upara (dUrI se ) apane hAtha cakrAkAra rUpa meM ghumAkara, una vastuoM ko idhara-udhara hilA-DulA rahI hai / aneka bAra unhoMne ye karataba TelIvijana ke kaimare ke samakSa, aneka vaijJAnikoM, parAmanovaijJAnikoM, riporTaroM va anya darzakoM kI upasthiti meM karake dikhAye / pradarzanoM se pUrva mAdAma mikhAilovA kI pUrI acchI taraha jAMca-par3atAla kara lI jAtI thI ki unhoMne kahIM koI dhAge yA anya aisI cIja chupA to nahIM rakhI hai, jisase ki ve vastuoM meM gati utpanna kara detI haiM / koI cumbaka chupAyA huA nahIM hai, isa uddezya se unakA 'eksa-re' bhI kiyA jAtA thA, yadyapi acumbakIya vastuoM jaise lakar3I, kAMca va aNDoM ko bhI gati pradAna karatI rahI haiN| darzakoM ke sammohita ho jAne sambhAvanA para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA lekina ise sahI nahIM pAyA gayA / ina prayogoM meM, jaise eka bAra jaba unhoMne pahale eka kampAsa kI suI ko ghumA diyA phira pUre kampAsa ko usake kesa sahita apane hAtha ko aura bAda meM apane zarIra ko ghumAte hue ghumAyA, to yaha spaSTa dekhA gayA ki unheM kitanA adhika parizrama karanA par3a rahA hai-unakA sArA muMha sikur3a-sA gayA - mAthe para aneka lakIreM ubhara aaiiN| 'karataba' dikhAne hetu svayaM ko upayukta sthiti meM lAne ke lie kabhI-kabhI unheM do se cAra ghaNTe taka laga jAte the| DaoN. genADe surgeva kA kahanA hai ki inakI nAr3I kI gati 240 taka ho jAtI thI aura koI Adhe ghaMTe ke bhItara hI unake zarIra kA bhAra 4 pauMDa taka kama ho jAyA karatA thA / karataba kara cukane ke bAda ve ekadama niDhAla bhI ho jAtI thIM, unake pairoM meM darda hone lagatA aura kabhI-kabhI to kucha dera taka unheM dikhAI bhI nahIM detA thaa| DaoN. surgeva ne apane viziSTa upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA se mAdAma mikhAilovA ke zarIra ko gheranevAle 'zaktipUrNa kSetra' kI jAMca kI, to patA calA ki unakI vidyut cumbakIya zakti kA kSetra ausata vyakti kI apekSA kahIM jyAdA thA / unhoMne yaha bhI patA lagAyA ki Ama taura para vyakti apane mastiSka ke agrabhAga ke bajAya pRSThabhAga se tIna yA cAra gunA adhika vidyut vAlTeja pravAhita karatA hai jabaki mAdAma mikhAilovA apane mastiSka ke pRSThabhAga se koI 50 gunA adhika volTeja pravAhita karatI thI / 1972 meM eka AMgla bhautika-zAstrI va DAUna TAuna meM parAmanovaijJAnika prayogazAlA ke nidezaka, bensana harbarTa, mAdAma mikhAilovA kA adhyayana karane mAsko gye| Apane pAyA ki ve vastuoM ko dUra taka sarakA hI nahIM detI haiM varan icchAnusAra apane dAyeM yA bAyeM hAtha meM garmI bhI utpanna kara sakatI hai / apane garma hAtha se yadi ve kisI kI bAMha pakar3a letIM to use bahuta darda hone lagatA va vahAM jalane kA nizAna bhI bana jAtA thA jo kaI dinoM taka banA rahatA / koI tIna

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134 jaina darzana aura vijJAna TebuleM pUrI bhara jAyeM-parIkSaNa hetu itane upakaraNa lekara 1973 meM bensana harbarTa puna: lauTakara aaye| mAdAma mikhAilovA ne unake sabhI prayogoM meM pUrA sahayoga diyaa| bensana harbarTa ne hara taraha se isa bAta kI acchI taraha chAnabIna kI ki kahIM koI sAmAnya kAraNa mila jaaye| mAdA mikhAilovA ke zarIra ke eka-eka iMca kI jAMca kI gii| kamare kA pUrA pharza, hara kursI, Tebula, yahAM taka ki kampAsa kI bhI vistAraka lensa dvArA jAMca kI gii| antata: sabhI taraha ke parIkSaNa karane ke bAda bensana harbarTa ko bhI kahanA par3A ki mAdAma mikhAilovA meM "vastuoM meM binA kisI bhI jJAta zakti kA upayoga kiye, icchAnusAra gati utpanna karane kI kSamatA hai|" ___ mAdAma mikhAilovA ne hara vaijJAnika ke sAtha, usake sabhI prakAra ke yantroM se, usake dvArA nirdhArita sabhI prakAra kI dizAoM meM, una para hara taraha se parIkSaNa karane meM pUrA sahayoga diyA hai aura koI bhI vaijJAnika na to yaha kaha sakA hai ki mAdAma mikhAilovA dhokhAdhar3I karatI hai aura na hI yaha batalA sakA ki ve kisa bhautika zakti kA upayoga karatI haiN| 1970 meM DaoN. luisA rAina ne mana:prabhAva para eka pustaka likhI hai : 'mAiMDa ovara maittr'| DaoN. je. bI. rAina kA unake sahayogiyoM ne Dyuka vizvavidyAlaya mai atIndriya pratyakSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha aneka varSoM taka mana:prabhAva saMbaMdhI saikar3oM parIkSaNa karake mana:prabhAva ke sAMkhyikIya sAkSya ekatrita kiye haiN| eka anya vyaktitva, jo ki vaijJAnikoM ke lie ulajhana banA huA hai, vaha eka ijarAyalI yuvaka UrI gailr| gailara kA janma abIba meM 20 disambara 1946 ko huA thaa| usakI mAtA vikhyAta manovaijJAnika sigamaNDa phAyaDa kI riztedAra thiiN| gailara kA kahanA hai ki usameM bacapana se hI kucha parAsAmAnya kSamatAeM thiiN| jaba vaha baccA hI thA, tAza khelakara lauTI apanI mAM ko batA diyA karatA thA ki ve jueM meM kitanA hArI yA kitanA jItI thiiN| jaba vaha sAta varSa kA thA to usakI upasthiti meM ghaDar3I kI suiyAM apane-Apa idhara-udhara ho jAyA karatI thiiN| dhIre-dhIre usameM ye zaktiyAM bar3hatI giiN| 1967 ke araba-ijarAyalI yuddha ke bAda to vaha sArvajanika rUpa se inakA pradarzana karane lgaa| kahate haiM ki usane eka pArTI meM dUsare kamare meM khIMce gaye citra kI vaisI kI vaisI anukRti banA kara dikhA dI aura eka cAbI ko binA chue mor3a diyaa| dhIre-dhIre vaha * pUre ijarAila meM jAnA jAne lgaa| aba hoTaloM,klaboM Adi meM apane karataba dikhAnA hI usakA kAma ho gayA thaa| 1969 meM jaba usane eka skUla meM apanI zaktiyoM kA * pradarzana karate hue aneka dhAtuoM kI vastu ko tor3a-maror3a diyA to vaijJAnikoM kA bhI

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 135 usakI ora dhyAna gyaa| 1971 meM nyUyArka vizvavidyAlaya ke eka vijJAnI DaoN. eDrijA puhArikha yaha jAnane ke lie ki gailara meM ye kSamatAeM vAstava meM haiM athavA vaha eka bahuta hI catura tamAzebAja hai, usakA adhyayana karane ijarAyala gye| yahAM Apane jo kucha dekhA, usameM UrI gailara dvArA cammacoM ke sire ur3A denA, kAMToM evaM chariyoM ko mor3a denA, sone kI aMgUThiyoM aura cainoM ko tor3a denA va cAlU yA baMda kara denA Adi aneka karataba sammilita the| yahI nahIM, DaoN. puhArikha kA dAvA to yahAM taka hai ki unhoMne gailara dvArA vastu ke visarjana va puna:nirmANa Adi ke pradarzana bhI dekhe haiN| isI varSa disambara meM jaba ve gailara ke sAtha sinAI registAna meM the to apane mUbI kaimare ke dhUla se bAra-bAra maile hone se parezAna ho rahe the| puhArikha apane kaimare kA kesa nyUyArka meM hI bhUla Aye the| agale dina subaha sAr3he pAMca baje gailara ne unako phona kiyA aura kahA ki usake bistara para eka kaimare kA kesa par3A hai, kahIM vaha unhIM kA hI to nahIM hai| pahArikha ne gailara ko apane kesa kA vivaraNa dete hue batalAyA ki usake andara kA kucha hissA phaTA huA hai| gailara ne uttara diyA ki vaha kesa bhI aisA hI hai| cha: hajAra mIla dUra se itanI jaldI kesa maMgavAne kA koI tarIkA puhArikha kI samajha meM nahI AyA aura unhoMne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki gailara meM 'dUra-parivahana' (TailI-TrAnsaporTezana) kI kSamatA hai| 1972 meM gailara ne myUnikha kI sar3akoM para eka rAta AMkhoM ko pUrI taraha Dhaka kara kAra calAI aura aneka zaMkAla vyaktiyoM ke AbhUSaNoM ko binA chae tor3a-mor3a kara unheM Azcaryacakita kara diyaa| gailara ne myUnikha meM cAra dina taka apane karataba dikhaae| inake bAre meM maiksaplenka iMsTITyUTa phaoNra plAjmA phijiksa ke DAkTara phriDabarTa kAragara ne kahA : "isa vyakti kI zaktiyAM atyaMta vilakSaNa haiN| inakI saiddhAMtika bhautikI dvArA abhI koI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai|" 1972 meM hI bAda meM gailara ne amerikA ke rASTrIya dUradarzana para kucha cune hue vyaktiyoM, jinameM kaI vijJAnI bhI the, ke samakSa apanI kSamatAoM kA pradarzana kiyaa| darzakoM meM tIvra evaM mizrita pratikriyAeM huii| kucha loga pUrNata: vizvAsI bana gaye, to kucha loga avizvAsa ke sAtha ar3e rhe| AlocakoM ne kahA ki jo kucha UrI gailara kara sakatA hai vaha koI acchA tamAzebAja bhI kara sakatA hai| kahate haiM ki jemsareMDI nAmaka eka vikhyAta jAdUgara ne kucha karataba doharA diye the kintu gelara ke sabhI karizme vaha bhI nahIM doharA sakA thaa| gailara pUre amerikA ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM apane pradarzana dikhalAtA rhaa| nyUyArka meM eka pradarzana meM iMglaiNDa ke DaoN. bAsTina bhI upasthita the| ApakI jeba meM jauhariyoM dvArA upayoga meM lAye jAne vAle choTe-choTe pecakasoM kA eka DibbA rakhA huA thA, UrI gailara ne binA yaha jAnate hue ki DaoN. bAsTina kI

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136 jaina darzana aura vijJAna jeba meM kyA haiM, eka pecakasa kA citra banA diyaa| DaoN. bAsTina yaha dekhakara Azcarya meM par3a gaye aura duvidhA meM bhI ki gailara ne pecakasa kA jo citra banAyA hai, usameM usakA UparI sirA mur3A huA hai| jeba se jaba DibbA nikAlakara DaoN. bAsTina ne dekhA, to pAyA ki sabhI pecakasa yA to mur3e hue haiM yA TUTe hue| DAkTara bAsTina kA kahanA hai ki bhautika vastueM gailara ke prabhAva se isa taraha parivartita hotI hai "mAne koI niyama nahIM vyaktitva kriyAzIla hai|" kailIphorniyA kI sTaiMphorDa risarca iMsTITyUTa meM bhautika vijJAnI DaoN. hairAlDa puthoMka va rasala TArga ne apanI prayogazAlAoM meM gailara para niyaMtrita parIkSaNa kiye| inameM se kucha kI philmeM bhI banAI gii| eka prayoga, 1972 meM, cha: saptAha taka claa| gailara ne prathama ATha meM se AThoM bAra eka dhAtu ke Dibbe ke andara par3e pAse ke UparI bhAga kA sahI 'anumAna' lgaayaa| vaise yaha prayoga do bAra aura kiyA gayA thA lekina inameM gailara ko kucha karane kI Antarika preraNA nahIM milii| aura usane unake bAre meM kucha nahIM khaa| usane aneka rekhAcitroM kI anukRtiyAM (binA unheM dekhe) banA dii| cumbakIya kSetra ko nApane vAle yaMtra gaoNsa mITara ke nikaTa hAtha le jAkara usane usakI suI ko pUrA ghumA diyaa| 1973 meM usa para teraha prayoga kiye gaye, aura inameM aura bhI adhika sAvadhAniyAM baratI gii| gailara ko vidyutIya rUpa se pRthak kiye hue kamare meM rakhA gayA, tAki sAmAnya saMcAra ke kisI bhI sAdhana dvArA vaha koI bhI sUcanA prApta na kara ske| eka prayoga meM zabdakoza meM se daivayoga se cayanita kisI eka bhI saMjJA kA citra gailara ke kamare se bAhara (praSaka) banAtA thA va gailara kamare ke andara baiThA usakI anukRti bnaataa| kabhI preSaka va gailara kI sthitiyAM ulTI bhI kara dI gaI yAnI preSaka kamare ke andara va gailara baahr| isa prakAra 15 citra preSita kie ge| inameM 4 bAra gailara ne koI citra nahIM banAyA (usakA kahanA thA ki saphalatA se pUrva jo AtmavizvAsa usameM ubharatA hai, vaha usa samaya nahIM ubharA thA) cAra bAra vaha mUla citra se milatI-julatI anukRtiyAM banA pAyA, zeSa sAtoM bAra use spaSTata: saphalatA prApta huii| inameM se eka jisameM ur3atI huI eka samudrI cir3iyAM kA citra thA aura eka jisameM ki aMgUra ke gucche kA citra preSita kiyA gayA thA gailara ne lagabhaga hubahU vaisA kA vaisA citra banA diyA thaa| aMgUra ke gucche meM vibhinna katAro meM caubIsa aMgUra-gailara ne caubIsa gole Upara-nIce pratyeka katAra me mUla citra ke anurUpa bnaae| yahI nahIM inameM nikalatI huI rekhA bhI usI sthAna va dizA kI ora jAtI huI banAI jaisI kI mUlacitra meM aMgUra ke gucche kI TahanI bAhara nikalatI huI citrita kI gaI thii| ina anveSakoM ke parIkSaNoM meM grelara dhAtuoM ko mor3ane kI apanI kSamatA kA pradarzana nahIM kara skaa|

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jaina darzana aura parAmanovijJAna 137 navambara 1972 me gailara ne iMglaiNDa meM DeviDa DimbalabAI dUradarzana para kAryakrama prastuta kiyaa| yahAM bhI gailara ne aneka vaijJAnikoM va AlocakoM ke samakSa eka kAMTe ko mor3a diyA, ghar3iyoM kI suiyAM Age-pIche kara dI aura svayaM DeviDa DimbalAI ke kamare ke daravAje kI cAbI unako dekhate-dekhate mor3a dii| isa pradarzana se prabhAvita hokara, kiMgja kaoNleja laMdana meM anuprayukta gaNita ke prophesara jaoNnaTelana ne gelara para parIkSA karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| pharavarI 1974 meM gelara inake sAtha vahAM ke dhAtukarma-vibhAga (maTalairjikala DipArTameMTa) dvArA taiyAra kI gaI vastuoM para prayoga karane ko taiyAra ho gyaa| pratyakSa-apratyakSa rUpa meM gailara sabhI prayogoM meM saphala rhaa| usane dhAtuoM kI vastuoM ko pITa kara isa taraha mor3a diyA ki vaisA usa vastu ke pighalane, TUTane va puna: kar3Apana grahaNa kara lene se hI saMbhava thaa| usane poTAziyama bromAiDa ke do seMTImITara lambe eka rave ke koI dasa saikiMDa taka prahAra karake Tukar3e kara diye| kAMca kI naliyoM ke andara banda dhAtuoM kI pattiyoM va donoM siroM para banda tAra kI jAlIdAra nalI ke andara eka almuniyama kI pattI Adi ko binA unheM chae mor3a diyaa| lakar3I yA plAsTika para vaha koI prabhAva nahIM DAla skaa| gailara ne reDiyo-sakriyatA nApane ke eka yantra 'gIgara kAunTara' meM bhI kAphI vikSepana utpanna kara diyaa| UrI kA dAvA yaha bhI hai ki vaha apane zarIra se bAhara nikala kara hajAroM mIla dUra kI yAtrAeM karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| aMdrIjA pahArikha ne eka dina usase yaha dAvA siddha karake dikhAne ko khaa| aMdrIjA ne kahA, tuma yahIM baiThe-baiThe brAjIla kI saira kara aao| gailara kA kahanA hai ki usane AMkha banda karake brAjIla kI kalpanA kii| kucha dera bAda usane apane Apako eka bhIr3a bhare zahara meM paayaa| gailara ne apane zabdoM meM "brAjIla pahuMcane para maiMne eka rAhagIra se pUchA, maiM kahAM para hUM? usakA uttara thA-riyoDi jenero meN| taba taka eka manuSya bhIr3a se bAhara nikalA aura mujhe 10,000 krUjoM kA noTa thamA gyaa| jaba jAgA to mere hAtha meM vaha noTa thaa|" vibhinna parIkSaNoM-prayogoM, aneka pradarzanoM, kAryakramoM va chuTapuTa kaI vyaktiyoM ko vyaktigata rUpa se dikhAe karataboM-karizmoM ke bAvajUda bhI gelara kA vyaktitva abhI saMzaya-mukta siddha nahIM huA hai| janasAdhAraNa se lekara vijJAniyoM taka meM vaha eka atyanta vivAdAspada vyakti banA huA hai| UrI saMbaMdhI yaha saMzayAtmaka AlocanAtmaka pakSa bhI nissaMdeha vicAraNIya hai| aneka vivaraNa hameM aise bhI milate haiM jinameM vastuoM kA svata: hilanA-DulanA, AvAjoM kA honA, pattharoM Adi kA pheMkA jAnA binA kisI kI upasthiti ke athavA

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138 jaina darzana aura vijJAna una vyaktiyoM ke bIca hone kA varNana hotA hai jinakA koI sIdhA sambandha isa taraha kI ghaTanAoM se nahIM jor3A jaataa| prAya: ina ghaTanAoM kA kAraNa bhUta-preta athavA zaitAna' Adi ko samajhA jAtA hai| jarmana bhASA meM isa kAraNa' kA nAma hai 'polTara gAisTa' (pAlTarna yAnI zoragula karane vAlI va gAisTa yAnI rUha yA aatmaa)| abhyAsa 1. vibhinna dharmoM meM punarjanmavAda kI avadhAraNA kA ullekha karate hue jaina darzana ke AtmavAda evaM punarjanmavAda kA vizleSaNa kreN| 2. parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM punarjanma ke sAkSyoM para cala rahe zodhakArya kI samIkSA kreN| 3. jaina darzana ke sandarbha meM Adhunika parAmanovijJAna kI punarjanma sambandhI ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA kI saMbhAvanAoM ko spaSTa kreN| 4. jaina darzana meM varNita atIndriya jJAna ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kreN| 5. parAmanovijJAna meM atIndriya pratyakSaNa, dUrabodha yA paracittabodha kI ghaTanAoM ko apane zabda meM prastuta kareM tathA jaina darzana ke saMdarbha meM unakI samIkSA kreN| 6. jaina darzana meM varNita yogaja upalabdhiyoM kI Adhunika mana:prabhAva kI ghaTanAoM ke sandarbha meM mImAMsA kreN|

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4. vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI jaina jIvana-zailI jaina dharma kI apanI eka alaga jIvana-zailI hai| jaina paramparA meM jisa taraha zrAvaka kI caryA vikasita huI hai, usakI apanI aneka vizeSatAeM haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aNuvratoM ke rUpa meM zrAvaka-caryA kA jo prArUpa prastuta kiyA thA, vaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa evaM vaijJAnika hai| aneka AcAryoM ke guruttara prayatnoM se jaina loga khAna-pAna kI dRSTi se bahuta UMcI bhUmikA para haiN| madyamAMsa kA parihAra jainatva kI apanI eka alaga pahacAna bana gaI hai| zailI kyoM? sAdhu kA jIvana eka-AyAmI hotA hai| vaha kevala sAdhanA kA jIvana jItA hai| eka gRhastha ko na jAne kitane ghor3oM kI savArI karanI par3atI hai| use aneka AcAryoM kA jIvana jInA hotA hai| usake cAroM ora khiMcAva kA vAtAvaraNa banA rahatA hai, use parivAra kA jIvana jInA hotA hai, samAja kA jIvana jInA hotA hai, rAjya kA jIvana jInA hotA hai, Arthika jIvana jInA hotA hai, isake sAtha-sAtha dhArmika jIvana bhI jInA hotA hai| usake sAmane samasyA hai ki vaha aneka AyAmoM ko kaise jiye? usake lie jIvana kI eka zailI caahie| jIvana-zailI zailI zabda 'zIla' zabda se banA hai| zIla kA artha hai-svbhaav| zailI kA artha hai-vyvhaar| saMskRta-aMgrejI koza meM zailI ke aneka artha kiye gaye haiN| unameM pahalA hai-behaviour vyvhaar| dUsarA hai-jIvana kA vyavahAra athavA jIvana kI kArya-praNAlI (life-style) / jaina gRhastha ke jIvana kA vyavahAra kaisA honA cAhie? jIvana kA tarIkA kaisA honA cAhie? sAdhanA-paddhati kaisI honI cAhie? prAcIna samaya se jaina gRhastha meM kucha saMskAra cala rahe haiN| jaina gRhastha mAMsa nahIM khaataa| jaina zarAba nahIM piitaa| purAne AcAryoM ne jaina gRhastha ke lie sapta vyasana ke parihAra kA abhiyAna calAyA 1. zarAba nahIM pInA 2. mAMsa nahIM khAnA 3. jUA nahIM khelanA

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140 jaina darzana aura vijJAna 4. zikAra nahIM karanA 5. corI nahIM karanA 6. vezyAgamana nahIM karanA 7. parastrIgamana nahIM karanA eka jIvana kI zailI bana gaI; jIvana kA svabhAva aura vyavahAra bana gayA; eka saMskAra bana gayA; jo jaina zrAvaka hai, vaha isa AdhAra para clegaa| vahI zailI Aja taka calI A rahI hai| AhAra-zuddhi aura vyasana-mukta jIvana __jaina jIvana zailI kA eka pramukha ghaTaka hai-AhAra-zuddhi aura vysn-mukti| upavAsa Adi tapa, mAMsAhAra-varjana, tambAkU-varjana, madyapAna-varjana Adi viSayoM kA sambandha jIvana-zailI ke isa ghaTaka se hai| ina viSayoM kA vaijJAnika siddhAntoM aura prayogoM ke sandarbha meM cintana vyakti ko naI dRSTi detA hai| AhAra-viveka aura AhAra-vijJAna ke AdhAra para ise caritArtha kiyA jA sakatA hai| AhAra-viveka aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM samAnatAeM haiN| ye donoM hameM svasaMyama, svajJAna aura svAvalambana sikhAte haiN| sAdhanA-mArga meM bhI guru kevala mArgadarzaka hotA hai, para sAdhaka kA apanA puruSArtha yA viveka hI mukhyata: use Age bar3hAte haiN| usI taraha svayaM kA AhAra-viveka hI vyakti ko svastha rakha sakatA hai, DAkTara yA vaidya kevala mArgadarzaka bana sakate haiN| dUSita AhAra kA pariNAma-roga roga kyA hai? hamAre zarIra meM jamA hone vAle viSadravyoM kA pariNAma roga hai| ina viSadravyoM ke zarIra meM jamA hone ke kaI kAraNa haiN| jaise-ayogya bhojana, viSailI davAiyAM, atizaya zrama, ati kAmasevana, ati bhaya, ati ciMtA, mAnasika tanAva, anidrA aadi| ina sabakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki zarIra se viSa-dravyoM kA bAhara hone vAlA niSkAsana zlatha ho jAtA hai aura yaha viSa-dravya rakta meM aura zarIra ke UtakoM meM jamA ho jAtA hai jisase bImArI paidA hotI hai| uparokta kAraNoM meM se ayogya bhojana eka mukhya kAraNa hai| ___ yadi hamArA AhAra, nIhAra Adi rahana-sahana samyak hogA aura sAtha hI Asana, prANAyAma, prekSAdhyAna Adi calate raheMge, to zarIra meM viSa-dravyoM kA jamAva atimAtrA meM nahIM hogA aura jo jamA ho gae haiM, unheM bAhara nikAla dene se zarIra meM kisI ghAtaka yA tIvra bImArI hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhegii| hamArA zarIra bhinna-bhinna avayavoM se evaM pratyeka avayava UtakoM se

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 141 nirmita hai| pratyeka Utaka kozikAoM se nirmita hai| ina kozikaoM meM calane vAlI jaivika kriyAoM se viSa-dravya kI utpati hotI rahatI hai| isake sAtha apanI khAne -pIne kI galata praNAlI tathA rahana-sahana kI galata AdatoM se bhI viSa-dravyoM kI utpati hotI hai| ye sAre viSa-dravya yadi kisI bhI kAraNa se bAhara niSkAsita na hoM, to usa sthiti ko "viSAktatA'' (ToksImiyA) kahA jAtA hai| use hI hama "roga'' yA "bImArI" ke rUpa meM bhogate hai| viSa-dravyoM kI azuddhiyoM ko niSkAsana karane kI zarIra kI prAkRtika prakriyA to bImArI meM bhI cAlU hI rahatI hai| udAharaNArtha-jukAma meM zarIra zleSma ke rUpa meM viSa-dravyoM kA bAhara niSkAsana karatA rahatA hai| zarIra meM apane Apako svastha rakhane kI Antarika zakti maujUda hotI hai| kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara vaha svastha rahatA hI hai| yadi manuSya apane zarIra ke avayavoM kA durupayoga na kare yA una para atyAcAra na kare, to zarIra svata: hI svastha rhegaa| parantu khAne-pIne kI galata Adata, jihvA kA svAda, zarIra-vijJAna ke bodha kA abhAva Adi kAraNoM se manuSya prAya: apane zarIra para aise atyAcAra karatA hai jisase zarIra asvastha ho jAtA hai| hamArA AhAra kaisA honA cAhie? isa prazna para mukhya rUpa se do dRSTikoNoM se vicAra-vimarza huA hai| svAsthya aura saadhnaa| svAsthya kI dRSTi se AhAra kA bahuta bar3A mUlya hai| zArIrika svAsthya ke lie isakA itanA mUlya hai, para mAnasika aura adhyAtmika svAsthya ke lie usakA kitanA mUlya hogA, yaha saba nahIM jaante| ___ zarIrika svAsthya kA mUla AdhAra hai-saMtulita bhojana / proTina, kArbohAiDreTa, vasA, khanija, lavaNa, kSAra aura viTAminsa-ye ucita mAtrA meM grahaNa kie jAte haiM, vaha saMtulita bhojana mAnA jAtA hai| isase zarIra svastha aura kriyA karane meM sakSama rahatA hai| bhojana kA mana kI kriyAoM para bhI bahata asara hotA hai, kyoMki mastiSka kI rAsAyanika prakriyA bhojana se prabhAvita hotI hai| saMtulita bhojana kA uddezya hai-zarIra svastha rahe tathA mana vikRta, uttejita yA kSubdha na ho / bImArI paidA hone kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai-ahitakAra aura aparimita bhojana / eka AcArya ne likhA hai hiyAhArA miyAhArA appAhArA ya je nArA / na te vijjA migicchaMti, appANaM te tigicchgaa||" -jo hita, mita aura alpamAtrA meM bhojana karate haiM, unakI cikitsA vaidya nahIM karate, ve svayaM apane cikitsaka haiN| bhojana svAsthya detA hai aura bhojana svAsthya bigAr3atA hai|

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142 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bhojana ke vimarza kA sAdhanA kA dRSTikoNa hai-Antarika vRttiyoM kA zodhana / bhojana kA prayAsa kevala zarIra ke bAharI tattvoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai| usakA prabhAva hamArI Antarika zaktiyoM para, zarIra ke sUkSma tattvoM para aura sUkSma-zarIra para bhI hotA hai| isalie bhojana ke viSaya meM hameM bahuta sAvadhAna honA caahie| antarvRti ko mUrcchita banAne vAlI vastueM sAdhaka ke lie niSiddha haiN| eka prakAra kA AhAra vicAra ko, bhASA ko, mana ko svastha banAtA hai| dUsare prakAra kA AhAra inheM asvastha banAtA hai| (1) upavAsa Adi tapa jaina jIvana-zailI meM tapa kA eka mahattvapUrNa AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hai| mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati meM use 'nirjarA' arthAt karma-saMskAroM se mukti kA eka sakSama sAdhana mAnA hai| tapa yA nirjarA ke bAraha prakAra haiM-chaha bAhya, chaha Antarika / upavAsa, UnodarI, vRti-saMkSepa rasa-parityAga Adi bAhya tapa ke prakAra haiN| cAroM kA sambandha bhojana aura abhojana se hai| khAnA jitanA mahattvapUrNa hai, 'nahIM khAnA' utanA hI mahattvapUrNa hai| khAne kA jitanA mUlya hai 'nahIM khAne kA bhI usase kama mUlya nahIM hai| jaba taka hama 'nahIM khAne' para vicAra nahI karate, taba taka bhojana kA viSaya pUrNa dRSTi se carcita nahIM hotaa| svAsya ke lie yadi saMtulita bhojana jarUrI hai to usake lie bhojana ko chor3anA bhI bahuta jarUrI hai| anAhAra ko chor3akara kevala AhAra ko dekhanA vAstava meM AhAra ke prati bhrAMta honA hai aura apane svAsthya ke prati bhI anyAya karanA hai| jo loga kevala bhojana kA hI mahattva samajhate haiM, use chor3ane kA mahattva nahIM samajhate, ve na kevala moTApe kI bImArI se grasta hote haiM, anya kintu bImAriyAM bhI unheM AkrAMta karatI haiN| 'khAnA' 'nahIM khAnA', kaba, kaise, aura kitanA khAnA, madhura aura snigdha khAnA yA rUkhA-sUkhA khAnA Adi-Adi aneka praznoM kA samyag uttara hai-aahaar-vivek| AhAra aura anAhAra Apa AhAra karate haiM, parantu yadi upavAsa karanA nahIM jAnate, anAhAra rahanA nahIM jAnate to ApakA AhAra Apake lie kaThinAI bana jAtA hai| AhAra hI jaTilatA paidA karatA hai| hama AhAra karate haiM bhUkha kI samasyA ko samAhita karane ke lie / vahI AhAra aneka samasyAeM hamAre sAmane prastuta kara detA hai| jo loga kevala AhAra karate haiM, upavAsa nahIM karate yA upavAsa kA marma nahIM jAnate, ve samasyAoM ko kama nahIM kara skte| upavAsa kA artha nahIM khAnA bhI hai, kama khAnA bhI hai, AhAra kI mAtrA ko kama karanA bhI hai|

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 143 zarIra meM jitane kAma-kendra, vAsanA-kendra, Avega-kendra aura smRti kendra haiM ve sAre uttejita hote haiM bhojana ko prApta kr| bhojana ke abhAva meM ye sAre kendra zithila ho jAte haiN| cUMki unheM aba sahayoga nahIM milatA, sahayoga kA rAstA kaTa jAtA hai| senA ke jaba rasada nahIM milatI, vaha Age nahIM bar3ha paatii| zatru-senA saba se pahale rasada ke mArga ko kATa detI hai| upavAsa rasada ke mArga ko kATa detA hai| usa sthiti meM indriyAM zAMta aura mana zAMta isa prakriyA ke dvArA yaha hotA hai ki uttejanA yA sakriyatA ke jo sAdhana haiM, upAya haiM, nimitta haiM, unako hama samApta kara dete haiM, kintu pUrA samApta nahIM kara paate| yaha pUrI prakriyA nahIM hai| kevala mArga meM jo vyavadhAna DAlate the, unheM zithila banA DAlate haiM / AhAra kA visarjana, parityAga, eka zabda meM upavAsa, isalie ki jisase uttejanA paidA ho rahI hai, usakA mArga avarUddha kiyA jaae| hama bhojana nahIM karate to isakA pariNAma kevala sthUla zarIra para hI nahIM hotA, sUkSma zarIra para bhI hotA hai| yadi usakA pariNAma kevala sthUla zarIra para hI hotA to bahuta choTI bAta hotii| sUkSma zarIra ko bhI zakti prApta hotI hai sthUla zarIra ke mAdhyama se| use bhI zakti caahie| vaha sthUla zarIra se aisA kAma karavAtA hai ki use zakti prApta ho ske| upavAsa karanA sUkSma zarIra ko pasanda nahIM hai| bhUkhA rahA sthUla zarIra aura coTa par3I sUkSma zarIra pr| UrjA kA srota hai sthUla shriir| hamArA mana burI bAta socatA hai to tAkata kise milatI hai? tAkata milatI hai sUkSma zarIra ko, karma zarIra ko| sArI zakti prApta hotI hai sthUla zarIra ke dvaaraa| jaba bhojana baMda hotA hai to parezAnI hotI hai sUkSma zarIra ko| usakA prabhAva vahAM taka pahuMca jAtA hai| upavAsa upavAsa hI sabase bar3I auSadhi hai| hama jaba taka isake mahattva ko nahIM samajheMge, hamAre bhojana kI samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM niklegaa| dvitIya mahAyuddha ke bAda jaba jarmanI meM sarvekSaNa kiyA gayA taba niSkarSa nikAlA gayA ki yahAM adhikAMza bImAriyAM atibhojana ke kAraNa huI haiN| hama loga itanA khAte haiM jitanA hameM nahIM khAnA caahie| hameM jitanI bhUkha lagatI hai use cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTa denA caahie| do bhAga bhojana ke lie, eka bhAga pAnI ke lie aura eka bhAga vAyu ke lie chor3a denA caahie| parantu loga jaba khAnA khAne ke lie baiThate hai to bhUkha se bhI aura adhika khAnA cAhate hai| tAki bhUkha na lge| khAne ke AdhA ghaMTA bAda kahate haiM ki peTa phaTA jA rahA hai, AMteM phaTa rahI haiN| isa prakAra hamAre yahAM khAne kI vyavasthita paddhati nahIM hai| bhojana ke sambandha meM hamArA ajJAna hI bahuta sArI samasyAoM ko janma detA hai| khAnA jarUrI hai, to usake sAtha-sAtha "upavAsa'' aura nahIM khAnA bhI

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144 jaina darzana aura vijJAna jarUrI hai| upavAsa sahiSNutA kA bar3A prayoga hai| pratidina prAta:kAla bhojana kI mAMga kama ho jAtI hai| jo upavAsa karate haiM, unameM sahaja hI sahiSNutA kA vikAsa hotA hai aura saMkalpazakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| ___ Ayurveda kA vizvAsa hai ki saptAha meM eka bAra upavAsa avazya honA caahie| Aja hama upavAsa ke mahattva ko bhUla gae aura pazcima ke logoM ne upavAsa-cikitsA kA prayoga kara rakhA hai| na jAne kitane varSoM se cala rahA hai| upavAsa-cikitsA para pazcima meM jitanI acchI pustakeM nikalI haiM zAyada bhArata meM nahIM niklii| upavAsa prayoga hai, agara prayoga kI dRSTi se kiyA jaae| upavAsa prayoga taba banatA hai, jaba pahale dina halkA khAnA khAyA jAe aura pAraNA meM halkA khAyA jaae| tIna dina barAbara yaha cle| pahale dina halkA bhojana, dUsare dina upavAsa aura tIsare dina phira halkA bhojana, taba upavAsa vAstava meM prayoga banatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate haiM-mRtyu ke samaya to tumhArA khAnA chUTegA hI, taba tuma duHkhI na hoo, isIlie pahale hI khAnA chor3ane kA abhyAsa rkho| pahale hI binA bhojana ke Ananda kI anubhUti kA abhyAsa rkho| isakA artha deha kA damana nahIM hai| yaha deha kI saMjJA se Upara uThane kI bAta hai, AtmAnubhUti kI bAta hai| jaba vyakti ko deha aura AtmA kI bhinnatA kI anubhUti ho jAtI hai, to usake lie tapasyA du:kha kI hetu nahIM rahatI, sukha kI hetu to khaira rahegI hI kahAM se? taba vaha Ananda kI hetu bana jaaegii| deha aura AtmA kI bhinnatA kI anubhUti nahIM hotI hai, taba taka khAnA chor3ane meM Dara lagatA hai| para sahI artha meM dekhA jAe to manuSya ko duHkha khAnA chor3ane meM nahIM hai, apitu khAne meM hI sukhA mAna lene kI saMjJA meM hai| isa mithyAtva kA parizodhana karane ke lie mahAvIra anazana-upavAsa kI bAta kahate haiN| upavAsa kitanA karanA cAhie, isake viSaya meM ve koI nizcita mAnadaMDa nahIM batAte haiM ki itanA upavAsa karanA pdd'egaa| jahAM taka mana meM Ananda kI anubhUti ho, taba taka upavAsa kro| jo upavAsa Ananda kI anubhUti nahIM karAtA hai, usake lie mahAvIra kI anumati nahIM hai| jo tapasyA deha aura AtmA kI bhinnatA, pudgala-nirapekSa Ananda kA anubhava nahIM karA sake, vaha vAstava meM tapasyA kama, deha-daNDa adhika hai| sAdhanA kI bAta bahuta sAre loga Asana-prANAyAma se zurU karate haiN| mahAvIra use anAhara (anazana) se zurU karate haiN| sambhavata: isakA kAraNa yahI rahA

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 145 hogA ki jaba manuSya kA AhAra para niyantraNa ho jAegA, to bAkI ke saba niyantraNa to sahaja hI prApta ho jaaeNge| isalie ve upavAsa ko bahuta adhika mahattva dete haiN| isake sAtha dUsarA savAla uThatA hai ki kyA binA AhAra ke jIvana kA kAma cala sakatA hai? jaise ki pahale kahA gayA, mahAvIra kI dRSTi jIvana aura mRtyu para nahIM hai| AhAra ke sAtha hamArA itanA ghaniSTha lagAva hai ki hama usake binA raha nahIM skte| mahAvIra sabase pahale isa lagAva ko tor3anA cAhate haiN| aisA nahIM hai ki eka dina AhAra na kiyA, to AdamI mara jaae| kaThinAI yahI hai ki AdamI kA AhAra ke sAtha itanA lagAva ho gayA hai ki upavAsa kI bAta karate hI usakA sArA mAnasika DhAMcA caramarA jAtA haiN| upavAsa kA mUlya : vaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM DaoN. jhona kItha beDo dvArA likhita pustaka- "Stay young-Reduce your Rate of Aging" meM apane vaijJAnika prayogoM kI carcA ke daurAna batAyA gayA hai ki 1. upavAsa vRddhAvasthA ko rokane kA eka pramANasiddha prayoga hai| cUhoM para jaba ye prayoga kie gae to usake Azcaryajanaka pariNAma sAmane aae| cUhoM ke eka dala ko atyadhika bhojana kI suvidhA dI gaI, dUsare dala ko sAmAnya, niyamita evaM niyantrita mAtrA meM bhojana diyA gayA tathA tIsare dala ko eka dina bhojana (sAmAnya evaM niyantrita mAtrA meM) evaM eka dina upavAsa para rakhA gyaa| dUsare dala ke cUhe pahale se dIrghajIvI hue tathA tIsare dala vAle dUsare se bhI bahuta adhika dIrghajIvI hue| 2. upavAsa ke daurAna zarIra kA "imyUnolojikala sisTama'' (pratirodhaka taMtra) asaMdigdharUpa se zaktizAlI hotA hai| isa tantra meM kAma karane vAle rakta ke zvetakaNoM, jinheM phegosAiTsa aura limphosAiTsa kahA jAtA hai, kI kAryakSamatA meM adbhuta vRddhi hotI hai| limphosAiTsa ke do prakAroM-bI-selsa aura TI-selsa jo Agantuka kITANu yA viSANuoM kA pratIkAra karate haiM, kI kAryakSamatA meM vRddhi hone se zarIra meM jamA hone vAle vijAtIya tattvoM kA pUrNa zodhana sambhava ho pAtA hai| ina vijAtIya tattvoM ke jamAva kA pariNAma hI hai-kozikAoM kA vRddha honA, jo antatogatvA manuSya ko vRddha banA detI hai| 3. kaiMsara jaise khataranAka kozikAoM kI saphAI meM upavAsa bahuta upayogI hai| DaoN. beDo ne svaya 3 1/2 varSa taka ekAntara upavAsa kara pAyA ki isase svAsthya bahuta acchA rahatA hai| cUhoM ke prayogoM meM yaha bAta bhI sAmane AI ki jahAM tIsare dala ke cUhe do varSa ke baccoM kI taraha kUda-phAMda macA rahe the vahAM

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146 jaina darzana aura vijJAna pahale dala vAle bUr3he kI bhAMti zithila aura thake-mAMda najara A rahe the| DaoN. beDo ne upavAsa ke daurAna zarIra meM hone vAle jaiva-rAsAyanika parivartanoM ke AdhAra para ukta niSkarSa nikAle haiM / Ajakala to cikitsA ke kSetra meM bhI upavAsa ko mAnyatA mila gaI hai| jaina dharma mUla meM zarIra - vijJAna nahIM hai / vaha to AtmavijJAna hai / para cUMki hamArI AtmA zarIra meM rahatI hai; ata: vahAM zarIra ke saMbaMdha meM bhI bahuta sArI carcA huI hai| jaina sAdhanA-paddhati kA zarIra kI pavitratA ke sAtha nizcita anubaMdha to nahIM hai| para ve isa bAta ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki uccatama sAdhanAoM ke lie eka viziSTa prakAra ke zarIra - saMracanA kI AvazyakatA hai / jaisA ki luI hUka ne kahA hai - svastha zarIra vahI hai, jo Avegamukta ho / mahAvIra kI sAdhanA ke lie Avegamukta zarIra kI AvazyakatA batAte haiM / jaba taka zarIra Avegagrasta hogA, taba taka usameM svastha AtmA kA nivAsa na ho skegaa| upavAsa se AvegoM para niyantraNa prApta ki jA sakatA hai / upavAsa- cikitsA ---- kucha logoM ko yaha sunakara vismaya ho sakatA hai kyA upavAsa se bhI cikitsA ho sakatI hai? para Aja isa bAta para vismaya karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| DaoN. eDavarDa hukara DevI ne ' The Non-break-fast and Fasting Cure' nAma kI eka mahattvapUrNa pustaka likhI hai| unakA kahanA hai- bImArI meM jabaradastI khAne aura davAeM lene kI apekSA upavAsa adhika lAbhaprada hai / prAkRtika cikitsA kI dRSTi se lambe tathA choTe- donoM hI prakAra ke upavAsoM kA vidhAna hai| choTe upavAsa arthAt tIna dina ke upavAsa / usase jyAdA dinoM ke upavAsa bar3e upavAsa kahalAte haiM / upavAsa-kAla meM kabhI-kabhI bhojana kI icchA, becainI yA kamajorI mahasUsa ho sakatI hai, para ye sArI sthitiyAM asthAyI haiM / pro. dUhariTa ne apanI pustaka 'Diet and Healing Systems' meM likhA hai-upavAsa kAla meM jo kamajorI mahasUsa hotI hai, vaha bhojana kA abhAva nahIM hai, apitu zarIra meM ekatra mala kA vinAza hotA hai / zarIra kI zuddhi ho jAne ke bAda zarIra meM puna: zakti A jAtI hai / yaha koI jAdU nahIM hai, apitu zarIra meM sthita vijAtIya dravyoM ke haTa jAne se sahaja pratiphala hotA hai / I sAdhAraNatayA logoM kI dhAraNA hai ki bhojana kI mAtrA jitanI adhika hogI, utanI hI zakti prApta hogI / para yaha dhAraNA sarvathA bhrAmaka hai| saca bAta to

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 147 yaha hai ki hamArA svAsthya aura dIrgha jIvana bhojana kI mAtrA kI apekSA usake pAcana kI rAsAyanika prakriyA tathA AtmasAt karane para adhika AdhArita hai| apanI jihnA ke svAda tathA prAkRtika AdatoM ke kAraNa hamAre zarIra meM aneka prakAra kA vijAtIya kacarA ikaTThA ho jAtA hai| usake prabhAva se mukta hone ke lie upavAsa eka rAmavANa auSadhi ke samAna hai| sAdhAraNatayA loga upavAsa se Darate hai| DaoNkTara loga bhI yaha kahate haiM ki zarIra kI zakti banAye rakhane ke lie kucha na kucha khAte rahanA caahie| para prAkRtika jIvana jIne vAle prANiyoM kI ora dhyAna diyA jAe to yahI lagegA ki ve apanI bahuta sArI bImAriyAM upavAsa ke dvArA aneka rogoM se mukta huA jA sakatA hai| yaha Apako kSINa karane vAlA nahIM hai, apitu tejasvitA pradAna karane vAlA hai| DaoN. lakSmInArAyaNa zarmA ne apanI pustaka 'sarala prAkRtika cikitsA' meM upavAsa ke viSaya meM aneka mahattvapUrNa bAteM likhI haiM, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiMupavAsa zarIra meM kyA karatA hai? zarIra meM svAbhAvika rUpa se aneka prakAra kI jvalana-kriyA (kambazcana) hotI rahatI hai| jvalana-kriyA ke kAraNa hI hamArA zarIra eka khAsa tApakrama taka garama rahatA hai| ise tejas zarIra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| lekina jvalana-kriyA jArI rakhane ke lie hamezA IMdhana kI jarUrata hotI hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa meM hameM yaha IMdhana bhojana ke kArbohAiDreTsa aura carbI (cikanAI) se milatA rahatA hai| lekina upavAsa-kAla meM jaba bAhara se bhojana milanA banda hotA hai, to zarIra meM saMgrahIta padArtha isa agni meM jalane lagatA hai| isIlie upavAsa dvArA carbI bahuta jaldI kama hotI hai| kevala carbI nahIM jalatI peziyAM, rakta aura jigara meM se saMgRhIta zakkara Akara jalatI hai| pratyeka Utaka (TizU) se saMgRhIta bhojana Akara jalane lagatA hai aura isa saMgRhIta bhojana ke sAtha pratyeka dhAtu kI saMgRhIta gandagI (vijAtIya dravya) bhI ukhar3akara AtI hai aura isa jvalana-kriyA se bhasma ho jAtI hai| isIlie yaha meM kahA jAtA hai ki upavAsa zarIra kI bhItarI gaMdagI kA nAza kara detA hai| ___zarIra kI jamA pUMjI khatma hone ke kAraNa upavAsa kAla meM zarIra kA vajana prAya: 1 pauMDa pratidina ke hisAba se kama hotA hai| zarIra kI vibhinna dhAtueM isa anupAta se chIjatI haiN| carbI 97 pratizata, jigara 62 pratizata, tillI 57 pratizata, mAMsapeziyAM 31 pratizata, mastiSka yA taMtu 0 prtisht| isa chIjana ke kAraNa upavAsa-kAla meM zarIra meM kucha kamajorI AtI hai, lekina caMki mastiSka bilakula nahIM chIjatA, isalie soca-vicAra kI zakti bar3hatI haiM, nIMda acchI AtI

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148 jaina darzana aura vijJAna hai, vicAra sAttvika hone lagate haiM, smaraNazakti bahuta teja ho jAtI hai| __ zArIrika kamajorI isa kadara nahIM hotI hai ki upavAsakartA ko khATa para leTanA par3e, balki bahuta sAdhAraNa-sI durbalatA AtI hai| vyakti ghUma-phira sakatA hai, apane dainika kAma bar3e maje se kara sakatA hai| upavAsa meM prAta:kAlIna ghUmanA bahuta lAbha karatA hai| bhramaNa se lauTane ke bAda zakti aura sphUrti kA anubhava hotA hai| aneka vyakti to Tahalane ke bAda halkA vyAyAma bhI karate hai| lekina vyAyAma koI jarUrI nahIM, TahalanA hI kAphI hai| eka saptAha taka ke choTe upavAsoM meM to daphtara yA dukAna kA kAma bhI AsAnI se kiyA jA sakatA hai| alabattA lambe upavAsoM (30-40-50 dina) meM phira bhI ArAma kI jarUrata hotI hai| lekina kamajorI kI parezAnI taba bhI nahIM mahasUsa hotii| yadi upavAsakartA upavAsa ke mahattva ko acchI taraha samajhatA hai aura upavAsa para usakI AsthA hai, to use prAya: upavAsa meM koI durbalatA nahIM aatii| adhikAMza logoM ko durbalatA na khAne ke Dara se paidA ho jAtI hai| upavAsa-kAla meM zurU ke dina bhUkha satAtI hai lekina yaha asalI bhUkha nahIM hotii| kyoMki tIsare dina yaha bhUkha samApta ho jAtI hai| bhUkha ke samaya adhika pAnI pI lene se usakA kaSTa mAlUma nahIM hotaa| upavAsa meM dUsare yA tIsare dina jIbha para sapheda maila A jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI zvAsa se badabU bhI AtI hai| dAMto meM cipacipAhaTa paidA ho jAtI hai| naye upavAsakartAoM ko ina lakSaNoM se bhrama meM nahIM pakar3anA caahie| ye lakSaNa isa bAta kA sabUta hote hai ki zarIra ke vijAtIya dravya bAhara A rahe haiN| phira ye lakSaNa apane Apa hI dUra ho jAte hai| jyoM-jyoM zarIra kI aMdarUnI saphAI hotI jAtI hai, zarIra meM halkApana, sphUrti, utsAha aura nIrogatA anubhava hone lagatI hai| vibhinna roga aura upavAsa upavAsa aisA upacAra hai jo prAya: sabhI rogoM ne apanA camatkArI prabhAva dikhAtA hai| roga cAhe nayA ho athavA purAnA, upavAsa nizcita rUpa se usa para kAbU pA letA hai| hajAroM kesa aise hote haiM, jinheM DaoNkTara, hakIma asAdhya mAnakara javAba de dete haiM, ve hI rogI upavAsa se ThIka ho jAte haiN| damA, bar3hA huA raktacApa, bavAsIra, egjimA (camalA), madhumeha aise roga mAne jAte haiM, jinakA koI ilAja nahIM hotaa| lekina na mAlUma isa taraha ke kitane purAne aura asAdhya roga jaise phasalI bukhAra, TAiphAIDa (miyAdI bukhAra), cecaka jaise rogoM meM bhI upavAsa apanA camatkArapUrNa prabhAva dikhAtA hai| amerikA ke DaoN. eDavarDa DebI ne apane bacce kA DipthIriyA jaisA ghAtaka roga upavAsa se ThIka kara liyA thaa| kabja aura kabja se paidA hone vAle roga meM to

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI upavAsa meM bahuta jaldI lAbha hotA dekhA jAtA hai| upavAsa kI avadhi upavAsa 2-3 dina se lagAkara 2 mAsa athavA isase bhI adhika dinoM kA kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka saptAha taka kA upavAsa choTA upavAsa kahalAtA hai| saptAha se adhika samaya ke upavAsa lambe upavAsa kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| upavAsa kI avadhi rogoM ke anusAra nahIM, balki rogiyoM kI hAlata ke mutAbika nizcita kI jAtI hai| roga kA purAnA yA nayApana, rogI ke zarIra kI zakti, rogI ke zarIra meM roga kI gaharAI tathA rogI kI mAnasika sthiti Adi jAMcakara hI upavAsa kI avadhi nizcita kI jAtI hai| yoM naye rogoM meM choTe upavAsa aura purAne rogoM meM lambe upavAsa apekSita hote haiN| prAya: eka saptAha se kama ke upavAsa se koI khAsa lAbha nahIM hotA hai| phira bhI prArambha karane vAle yadi zurU meM 3-4 dina kA upavAsa karanA cAheM, to anubhava prApta karane kI dRSTi se yaha ThIka hotA hai| lambe se lambA upavAsa bhI jaba vidhivat kiyA jAtA hai to usase kabhI khatarA paidA nahIM hotA hai| aneka vyaktiyoM ne do-do mAsa ke upavAsa saphalatApUrvaka kiye haiN| upavAsa meM sAvadhAnI upavAsa meM kabhI-kabhI khatare aura parezAniyAM bhI paidA ho sakatI hai| yaha bAta solaha Ane ThIka hai ki upavAsa hara roga ko ThIka kara sakatA hai, lekina hara rogI ko nhiiN| jisa rogI kI jIvanI-zakti bahuta ghaTa cukI hotI hai, use upavAsa se koI lAbha nahIM hogaa| jaise TI. bI. ke dasare yA tIsare darje kI hAlata ke rogI aura antima darje taka pahuMcA madhumeha kA rogii| isake alAvA dila aura gurde kI bhI kaI aisI pecIdI bImAriyAM hotI haiM jinameM upavAsa se lAbha nahIM ho paataa| kucha rogiyoM kI aisI dazAeM bhI hotI haiM jahAM upavAsa ekamAtra ilAja na hokara ilAja kA eka aMga hotA hai| upavAsa kA mUlyAMka galata na ho, isalie sAvadhAnI rakhanI cAhiejahAM taka ho sake upavAsa meM khule badana dhUpa aura havA meM baiThanA caahie| rUsa ke nyarophijiyolojisTa akeDemisiyana piyotra anokhina kA mata hai ki anubhavI kI dekha-rekha meM lambe upavAsa kA prayoga peTa ke alsara, damA, madhumeha Adi se mukti pAne ke lie kAphI upayogI upAya hai| zarIra racanA kI dRSTi se upavAsa eka prakAra se 'zaoNka TrITameMTa' jaisA prayoga hai| usase nAr3I maMDalIya kriyA-kalApa bar3ha jAtA hai| upavAsa ke tIsare dina se tvacA meM parivartana dIkhane lagatA hai; yaha zarIra kI pratirakSAtmaka prakriyA kI abhivRddhi kA dyotaka hai| yaha rogI ke petholaoNjikala kaoNmpleksa para kriyAzIla hotA hai| isa dizA meM rUsa meM aneka

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150 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kendroM para kArya ho rahA hai| DaoN. anokhina kA mata hai ki cikitsA kSetra meM upavAsa se bar3I sambhAvanAeM hai| ve isa dizA meM aura adhika kAma karane kI apekSA mAnate haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka dina ke upavAsa se lekara chaha mahIne taka ke upavAsa ko 'anazana' kI saMjJA dI hai| 'anazana' zabda Ajakala bhUkha har3atAla ke cakkara meM par3akara kucha avamata ho gayA hai| mahAvIra isake sarvathA viruddha hai / ve zarIra kI zuddhi ke lie bhI upavAsa kI upayogitA ko sImita karanA nahIM cAhate / unakA lakSya to usase bahuta Upara hai / ve to kevala Atmadarzana ke lie hI upavAsa kA samarthana karate haiN| unhoMne svayaM do dina se lekara chaha mahIne taka ke lambe upavAsa kiye / ve upavAsa - kAla meM apanA adhika samaya Atma- - cintana meM yA dhayAna meM hI bitAte the / yadyapi unhoMne svayaM to apanI tapasyA binA pAnI cauvihAra hI kI hai, para unakI tapoyAtrA meM pAnI pIkara bhI tapasyA karane kA vidhAna hai| isa avasthA meM kevala garma pAnI kA hI upayoga adhika kiyA jAtA hai| garma pAnI ko kITANurahita bhI mAnA gayA hai / bhojana meM kamI karanA ( UnodarI tapa) evaM asvAdada-vRtti (vRtti - saMkSepa tapa ) yadi koI upavAsa na kara sake, mo usake lie anya tapoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jinameM UnodarI aura vRttisaMkSepa ullekhanIya haiN| UnodarI kA tAtparya hai- bhojana meM kamI karanA, bhUkha se adhika na khaanaa| bhUkha ho usase eka-do grAsa bhI kama karanA UnodarI hai| khAdya padArthoM (dravyoM) kI saMkhyA meM kamI karanA bhI UnodarI hai| jaise-5 yA 7 padArthoM se adhika na khaanaa| adhika 'dravya' khAne kA burA prabhAva pAcana-kriyA para par3atA hai| dina meM bAra-bAra na khAnA bhI UnodarI kA eka prakAra hai / eka, do yA tIna bAra se adhika na khAnA, do bAra ke bhojana meM bhI bIca meM tIna ghaNTe kA antarAla honA Adi bhI UnodarI ke prayoga haiN| vRtti-saMkSepa kA artha hai - aise vizeSa saMkalpa svIkAra karanA jisase asvAda- da-vRtti kA vikAsa ho / jo kucha sahajabhAva se mila jAye use khAte samaya svAda - bhAvanA se mukta rahanA vRtti-saMkSepa hai| saMkalpa kA svIkAra 'abhigraha' kahalAtA hai| Adhunika zarIrazAstra kI dRSTi se sAmAnya rUpa se svastha aura sAdhAraNa zrama karane vAle vyakti ko dina bhara meM 2500 kailorI tApa utpanna karane vAle bhojana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| mahAvIra ne use 32 grAsa kI saMjJA dI hai| vyakti kI kSamatA ke anusAra unhoMne isameM kabhI-besI kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai / para mAtrA

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151 vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI kA yaha viveka manuSya kA apanA hotA hai| jo vyakti yaha viveka nahIM kara sakatA, vaha sAdhanA ke kSetra meM praveza nahIM kara sktaa| . mahAtmA gAMdhI ne apanI svAsthya sAdhanA' nAma kI choTI-sI, para mahattvapUrNa pustaka meM likhA hai-"pazu-pakSiyoM kA jIvana dekhie / ve kabhI svAda ke lie nahIM khAte aura na itanA adhika hI khAte haiM ki peTa phaTane lge| ve kevala apanI bhUkha miTAne bhara hI khAte haiM, jo ki unheM prAkRtika rUpa se mila jAtA hai| ve kucha bhI nahIM pkaate| kyA yaha acchI bAta hai ki manuSya kevala peTa kI upAsanA kareM? kyA yaha acchI bAta hai ki manuSya sadA rogoM kA zikAra banatA rahe? vAstava meM yadi manuSya bhI prakRti-pradatta vastuoM ko usI rUpa meM khAye, bhUkha se adhika na khAye, svAda ke lie na khAye, to vaha bhI pazu-pakSiyoM kI taraha roga-mukta raha sakatA hai|" atibhojana se AMta zlatha ho jAtI hai| vaha mala ko Age nahIM Dhakela paatii| isa prakAra koSThabaddhatA ho jAtI hai| usase cintana meM kuMThA AtI hai| prasannatA ke lie yaha anivArya hai ki mala-saMcaya na ho| do dina taka khAnA na khAyA jAye to bhI AMtoM ko pacAne ke lie zeSa raha jAtA hai| para mala kA utsarga na ho to eka dina meM becainI ho jAtI hai| AMtoM meM mala bharA rahane se apAna vAyu kA dvAra rUddha ho jAtA hai| phira vaha Upara jAtI hai aura hRdaya ko dhakkA lagAtI hai| jise hama sAmAnyata: hRdaya-roga samajhate haiM, vaha bahuta bAra yahI hotA hai| apane zarIra ke tApamAna se adhika ThaMDA aura adhika garma bhojana bhI hAniprada hotA hai| usase AMta aura dAMta donoM vikRta hote haiN| bhojana kA saMbaMdha AvazyakatA pUrti se hai para usakA saMbaMdha jaba svAda se ho jAtA hai, taba maryAdA kA atikrama aura viparyaya hone lagatA hai| adhyazana-varjana adhyazana AhAra kA eka doSa hai| pahale khAyA huA pacA nahIM, usI bIca aura khAnA adhyazana hai| saMbhava ho to pAMca ghaMTe, kama se kama tIna ghaMTe pahale, dUsarI bAra anna na khAyA jaae| yaha sAmAnya maryAdA rahI hai| kucha halke bhojana jaldI paca jAte haiM, para anna tIna ghaMTe pahale nahIM pctaa| pacane se pUrva khAne se ghola kaccA hI raha jAtA hai| prAcIna kAla meM bhojana do bAra kiyA jAtA thA, kabhI-kabhI tIna bAra bhii| kintu Ajakala isa siddhAMta meM parivartana A gayA hai| kaI DAkTara thor3A-thor3A bAra-bAra khAne ko kahate hai| unakA Azaya saMbhavata: halke bhojana se hai| alsara jaise zarIra roga meM bAra-bAra khAyA jAtA hai| AMdhrapradeza kRSi vizvavidyAlaya ke DaoN. pro. sUryanArAyaNa ne kahA hai-"yaha bAta bilakula sahI hai ki jisa vyakti ko apane Apako svastha banAye rakhane kI

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152 jaina darzana aura vijJAna icchA hai use jihvA kA dAsa nahIM bananA cAhie aura na use aMdhAdhuMdha niyaMtraNahIna rUpa meM khAte hI rahanA caahie| jo vyakti apane zarIra para avAMchita dabAva nahIM DAlatA hai vaha nizcaya hI rogamukta rahatA hai| pUre rUpa meM zarIra ko poSaNa mile isake lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki bhUkha ke binA na khAyA jAye / bhojana ThUMsate hI rahanA mAtra usakA lakSya nahIM honA caahie| do bhojanoM ke bIca meM kAphI samaya kA antara rakhate thor3A kama khAnA acche svAsthya kI gAraMTI hai / " nizcaya hI uparokta kathanoM meM UnodarI tathA vRtti - saMkSepa kA samarthana milatA hai| ata: isa saMbaMdha meM sAvadhAnI baratanI cAhie ki bhojana itanA hI kiyA jAya ki thor3I bhUkha bAkI rahe / luI ogAphAlsa, ohiyo meM aparAdhakarmiyoM aura bhojana ke sambandha meM zodhakArya prArambha kiyA gayA hai| vahAM aparAdhakarmiyoM kI jAMca kI jAtI hai ki vaha 'hAiparAglAIsImiyA' - khUna meM zakkara ke roga se grasta to nahIM hai / isase grasta hone para vyakti meM cir3acir3Apana A jAtA hai| vaha zaMkAlu pravRtti kA ho jAtA hai, aura yadA-kadA 'hAiparaglAIsImiyA' janita aparAdhoM meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai, yathA mArapITa, yauna aparAdha tathA kAnUna kA ullaMghana Adi / aise vyaktiyoM ke bhojana meM parivartana kara diyA jAye, mIThI cIjeM tathA sTArca vAlI cIjeM banda kara dI jAyeM to usakI pravRtiyoM meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| cIna ke eka vikhyAta dArzanika linDa tAr3a ne bilakula saca hai- - hamArA jIvana bhagavAna para Azrita nahIM hai, vaha hamAre rasoiyoM para Azrita kahA hai / rAtri - bhojana kA parihAra bhojana ke sambandha meM rAtri - bhojana nahIM karanA, yaha bhI mahAvIra kI eka vizeSa sUcanA hai| rAtri bhojana se aMdhakAra meM bahuta sAre jIva-jantuoM kI hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA to hotI hI hai, para isake atirikta pAcana kI dRSTi se bhI isakI apanI upayogitA hai| dina rahate-rahate khAne se sUraja kI garmI kA bhojana ke pAcana para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai| acche pAcana ke lie mastiSka kriyAzIla aura saceta rahanA Avazyaka hai to acchI nIMda ke lie khAlI peTa rahanA bhI Avazyaka hai| yaha zarIra-vijJAna ke saMbaMdha meM eka sarvasammata niyama hai / isa dRSTi se dina rahate-rahate khA lenA eka svAsthyakara niyama bhI bana jAtA hai| jo loga rAta meM dera se bhojana karate haiM aura phira so jAte haiM, apane zarIra ke sAtha jabaradastI karate haiM / prazna hai ki jaina paramparA meM rAtri - bhojana ko asvIkAra kyoM kiyA? bhalA, bhUkha ke lie bhI koI samaya nirdhArita hotA hai? yarthAthatA yaha hai ki jaba bhUkha lage taba bhojana khA lo| yaha eka niyama hI paryApta hai bhUkha ke lie kyA dina aura

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 153 kyA rAta? aura kyA prakAza aura kyA aMdhakAra? ___ rAtribhojana na karanA dharma se sambandhita to hai hI kyoMki yaha dharma ke dvArA pratipAdita haA hai| isake sAtha isa niSedha kA eka vaijJAnika kAraNa bhI hai| hama jo bhojana karate haiM, unakA pAcana hotA hai taijasa zarIra ke dvaaraa| usako apanA kAma karane ke lie sUrya kA Atapa Avazyaka hotA hai| jaba use sUrya kA prakAza nahIM milatA taba vaha niSkriya ho jAtA hai, pAcana kamajora ho jAtA hai| isalie rAta ko khAne vAlA apaca kI bImArI se baca nahIM sktaa| yaha kAraNa vaijJAnika hai| dusarA kAraNa hai ki jaba sUrya kA Atapa hotA hai taba kITANu bahuta sakriya nahIM hote haiN| bImArI jitanI rAta meM satAtI hai utanI dina meM nahIM staatii| udAharaNArtha-vAyu kA prakopa rAta meM adhika hotA hai| ye sArI bImAriyAM rAta meM isalie satAtI haiM kyoMki rAta meM sUrya kA prakAza aura tApa nahIM hotaa| jaba ve hote haiM, taba bImAriyAM ugra nahIM hotii| rasa-parityAga isake atirikta mahAvIra bhojana meM jisa eka bAta para aura jora dete haiM, vaha hai rs-prityaag| rasa-parityAga kA sAmAnya artha hai dUdha, dahI, ghI, cInI, miThAI tathA tela-ina chaha vikRtiyoM (vigayoM) kA prityaag| vikRti zabda prakRti kA viloma hai| jaba mahAvIra vikRti zabda kA prayoga karate haiM, to nizcaya hI unakA saMketa prakRti kI ora hai| prAkRtika bhojana sahaja mana ke lie bhI uttejanA-rahita hai| vRttiyoM meM uttejanA na Aye, isake lie ve bAra-bAra rUkhe-sUkhe nIrasa bhojana kI yAda dilAte haiN| isa dRSTi se ve vikRtiyoM ke parityAga kI bAta kahate haiN| ve na kevala zarIra ko upacita hI karatI haiM para vikAroM ko bhI janma detI haiN| isIlie ve kahate haiM 'rasA pagAmaM na niseviyvvaa| bhuttA-rasa dittikarA narANaM, ditaM ca kAmA samabhiddavaMti, dumaM jahA sAuphalaM va pakkhI / / ' -prakAma rasoM kA niSevana mata kro| ve manuSya ke lie uttejaka haiN| ve manuSya ko usI taraha se parezAna karate haiM jaise madhura phaloMvAle vRkSa ko pkssii| para isakA yaha matalaba nahIM ki ve ekadama nIrasa AhAra ke samarthaka tathA rasapUrNa AhAra ke virodhI haiN| AvazyakatAnusAra rasapUrNa AhAra ke lie bhI unakA niSedha nahIM hai| para vyakti ko usake saMtulana kA bodha avazya honA caahie|

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154 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kucha logoM kA khayAla hai ki svAsthya kI rakSA ke lie ghI, dUdha Adi kI AvazyakatA hai| saMtulita bhojana kI dRSTi se eka hada taka inakI AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai| para dIrgha aura svAvastha jIvana para zodha se isa bAta kA patA calA hai ki usakA mukhya rAja sIdhA-sAdA bhojana hI hai| Aja dakSiNI amerikA kI pahAr3iyoM tathA ghATiyoM meM, jaoNrjiyA Adi ke gAMvoM meM aneka zatAyu vyakti milate haiN| unase bAtacIta karane para yaha pAyA gayA hai ki unake jIvana kA rahasya sIdhA-sAdA bhojana tathA tanAvamukta jIvana hai| yadyapi ve yaha nahIM batA pAte ki unakI umra kitanI hai para nyUyArka akAdamI oNpha meDisina ke DAyarekTara ne aneka logoM kI zatAdhika Ayu ko svIkAra kiyA hai| nayI zodhoM ke AdhAra para zarIra-zAstra meM yaha sthira ho gayA hai ki adhika cikanAI kA prayoga svAsthya ke lie khataranAka hai| yadi cikanAI 40 pratizata kailorI se jyAdA ho jAe to moTApA, hRdaya roga, ucca raktacApa, madhumeha Adi bImAriyoM kI AzaMkA bar3ha jAtI hai| kaI adhyayanoM se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki bhojana meM adhika cikanAI hone tathA sIne aura AMtoM ke kaiMsara meM pArasparika sambandha hai| secureTeDa cikanAI kA adhika prayoga bhI ucita nahIM hai| talI huI cIjeM bhI hamAre pAcana-taMtra ko kSati pahuMcAtI haiN| bahuta sAre loga bahuta sArI cIjoM ko kevala svAda kI dRSTi se hI khAte haiN| mirca-masAle, hIMga Adi aisI cIjeM AdamI ke bhojana meM praviSTa ho gayI haiM jinakI zarIra ke lie utanI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, jitanI jIbha ke lie hai| dAleM, zakkara, ghI, kA upayoga kama-se-kama kiyA jAnA uttama svAsthya ke lie jarUrI hai| svAsthyapUrNa bhojana meM rAsAyanika khAdyoM kA bhI niSedha hai| jisa anna meM samasta khanija-lavaNa svAbhAvika ho vahI pUrNa svAsthyaprada bhojana hai| cInI aura namaka para niyaMtraNa cInI, namaka aura cikanAI ye tInoM bhojana ke anivArya aMga bane hue haiN| inake kAraNa aneka roga utpanna hote haiM, yaha saba nahIM jaante| hRdaya kI bImArI ke lie tInoM niSiddha mAne jAte haiN| bahuta cInI kA prayoga bhI na ho, bahuta cikanAI kA prayoga bhI na ho aura namaka kA prayoga sarvathA na ho to bahuta acchA hai| zakti ke lie cInI Avazyaka hotI hai, kintu yaha sapheda cInI nhiiN| cInI to sahaja prApta hotI hai| dUdha meM cInI hotI hai| phira dUsarI cInI kI jarUrata kyA isI prakAra cInI ke viSaya meM 'sAinsa riporTa' agasta, 1976 meM zrI AI. radhunAtha ne likhA hai-isa zatAbdI ke prArambha se hamAre bhojana kI AdatoM meM

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155 vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI bar3e mahattvapUrNa parivartana hue hai| pahale kArbohADreTa padArtha zakti ke mukhya srota the| Aja unakA sthAna cInI ne liyA hai| isake pIche kAraNa rUpa halke peyoM (soft drinks) meM logoM kI ruci kA atyadhika bar3hanA hai| cInI kI khapata ke isa rUpa meM bar3hane ke gambhIra pariNAma ho sakate haiN| isameM sabase pramukha bAta to yaha hai ki cInI meM poSaNa-tattva nagaNya-sA hai| phira bhI yaha poSaka AhAroM para hAvI hotI jA rahI hai| ............ Aja ausata amerikA ke bhojana meM 40 pratizata kailorI cInI se prApta hotI hai| para halke peya, taiyAra miThAiyoM Adi kA prayoga kama karake use mAtra 15 pratizata kailorI cInI se prApta karanI caahie| hamAre zarIra ko jo zarkarA (glukoja) cAhie vaha bAjAra meM milanevAlI cInI meM bahuta kama hai| dAnedAra zarkarA meM jo miThAsa hotI hai vaha hamAre zarIra meM sIdhe kAma nahIM aatii| use pacAne ke lie ulTA hamAre zarIra-taMtra ko kAma karanA par3atA hai| isIlie vaha lAbha kI apekSA hAni hI adhika karatI hai| namaka kA jyAdA prayoga bhI svAsthya ko kamajora banAtA hai| isa salAha ke pIche mukhya AdhAra yaha hai ki namaka kucha logoM ke raktacApa ko bar3hA detA hai| lagabhaga 20 pratizata loga jinameM bacce bhI zAmila haiM, ucca raktacApa se pIr3ita rahate haiN| kucha adhyayanoM se yaha siddha huA hai ki adhika namaka khAne se hRdaya-roga, peTa kA kaiMsara, siradarda Adi kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| tIna grAma namaka se jyAdA namaka manuSya ke lie anAvazyaka hai aura itanA namaka to khAdya-padArthoM meM binA atirikta namaka milAye hI prApta ho jAtA hai| yadi namaka kA prayoga kama ho jAe to dasa-bIsa pratizata bImAriyAM bhI kama ho jaaeN| namaka ke kAraNa loga jyAdA khAte hai| kRtrima svAda paidA kara hamane namaka ko bhojana kA pradhAna tattva mAna liyA jisase jIbha ko svAda mile, DAkTaroM ko saMrakSaNa mile, unakA dhandhA cale aura bImAriyAM acchI taraha se pleN| namaka chor3anA kevala sAdhanA kA prayoga hI nahIM, svAsthya kA prayoga bhI hai| yadi pUre saptAha meM sAta dina namaka na chor3a sakeM to eka, do, tIna dina hI chor3a kara dekheN| yaha priyatA aura apriyatA se bacane kA prayoga hogA, saMkalpa-zakti kA prayoga hogA tathA sAtha-sAtha svAsthya kA bhI prayoga hogaa| hRdaya-roga kI saMbhAvanA kama hogI, antavraNa, (kaiMsara) kI saMbhAvanA kama hogii| namaka kRtrima DhaMga se uttejanA paidA karatA hai, rakta ko adrava banAtA hai| jaba vaha uttejanA nahIM hogI, mAnasika zAnti meM bhI sahayoga milegaa| namaka kA prayoga sAdhanA ke lie varjita hotA hai aura svAsthya ke lie yaha vighna hai| kucha prayoga AyaMbila tapasyA eka prayoga hai jisameM korA eka dhAnya aura pAnI calatA hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna AyaMbila kA prayoga aneka bImAriyoM ko miTAne vAlA prayoga hai| bhayaMkara bImAriyAM AyaMbila se naSTa hotI haiN| pakSAghAta kI bImArI bahuta bhayaMkara hotI hai, kintu AyaMbila ke dvArA ThIka ho jAtI hai| ajIrNa aura apaca kI bImArI isase ThIka hotI hai| eka sAtha jyAdA vastueM khAne se bahuta bImAriyAM hotI hai aura eka anAja khAne se pAcana-zakti ko bahuta rAhata milatI hai| eka vastu peTa meM jAtI hai to pacAne meM suvidhA hotI hai aura aneka vastueM eka sAtha peTa meM jAtI haiM to unheM pacAne meM adhika zakti lagAnI par3atI hai| AyaMbila meM namaka kA bhojana nahIM hotaa| eka prayoga yaha bhI ho sakatA hai-kabhI alaga-alaga khAyA jaae| roTI alaga, sAga alaga; kyoMki sAga jarUrI hotA hai, yaha to ThIka bAta hai| para isameM to pharka nahIM par3egA ki alaga-alaga khAyA jAe, pUrti to ho jaaegii| alaga khAne kA matalaba hai asvAda kA prayoga aura sAtha-sAtha svAsthya kA bhI bahuta bar3A prayoga ho jaaegaa| roTI ke sAtha sAga khAte haiM to pUrA cabAyA nahIM jaataa| svAsthya kA mUla siddhAMta hai ki bhojana ko jitanA cabAyA jAe utanA hI acchA hai| eka bAta to jarUra hai ki jo itanA cabAe to use jyAdA khAne kI jarUrata bhI nahIM pdd'tii| pAMca roTiyAM jo kAma nahIM karatIM, eka-Der3ha roTI utanA kAma kara sakatI hai agara cabAyA jaae| nahIM cabAne kA pariNAma hotA hai ki dAMta bhI kharAba hote haiM aura AMta bhI kharAba hotI hai| dAMta aura AMta donoM ke sAtha zatrutA kA poSaNa karanA ho to cabAnA chor3a do| jina logoM ne binA sAga ke kabhI gehUM kI roTI nahIM khAyI unheM patA hI nahIM ki gehUM kA svAda kaisA hotA hai? binA sAga ke gehUM kI roTI khAkara dekheM, patA calegA ki gehUM kitanA mIThA hotA hai, kitanI miThAsa hai gehUM meM ! itanA mIThA hotA hai ki phira cIna DAlane kI bAta hI nahIM aatii| (2) zAkAhAra banAma mAMsAhAra mAMsAhAra kA niSedha kyoM? hamArA jIvana AhAra se zurU hotA hai| AhAra hotA hai, taba dUsarI pravRttiyAM calatI haiN| jaisI pravRtti, vaisA saMskAra; jitanI pravRtti, utanA saMskAra; jaisA saMskAra, vaisA vicAra; jaisA vicAra, vaisA vyvhaar| vyavahAra hamArI kasauTI hai| bhItarI jagat meM kauna kaisA hai, hama nahIM jAna paate| manuSya kI jo pratimA vyavahAra meM banatI hai usI ke AdhAra para usakA mUlyAMka hotA hai| acchA vyavahAra, acche vicAra, acchA saMskAra acche AhAra binA nahIM ho sktaa| isalie hamAre dharmAcaryoM

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 157 ne AhAra-zuddhi ko prAthamikatA dI hai| hama acchAI kA prArambha AhAra-zuddhi se vrata kreN| hama na khAeM, yaha sabase acchA hai, para yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| AhAra hamAre jIvana kI anivAryatA haiM hama vaha na khAeM jisakI anivAryatA nahIM hai| vanaspati ko AhAra kI anivAryatA ke rUpa meM svIkRti hai| isake pIche hiMsA kA alpIkaraNa, svAsthya aura sAttvika saMskAra evaM vicAra kA dRSTikoNa bahuta spasTa hai| ye tInoM dRSTikoNa mAMsAhAra kA samarthana nahIM krte| isalie ina dRSTikoNoM se mAMsAhAra anivAryatA kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| Adhunika zarIra-zAstrI, AhAra-zAstrI aura svAsthya-zAstrI bhI apane anveSaNoM ke AdhAra para mAMsAhAra ko zArIrika aura mAnasika, donoM dRSTiyoM se doSapUrNa batalAte haiN| mAMsAhAra aprAkRtika uttejanA utpanna karatA hai, sahanazIlatA ko kama karatA hai, dhamaniyoM aura zarIra ke taMtuoM ke lacIlepana ko naSTa kara Ayu ko kama karatA hai| krUratA, kSaNika Aveza, adhairya-ye mAMsAhAra ke sahaja pariNAma haiN| AdamI mAMsa khAkara bhI jItA hai aura anAja khAkara bhI jItA hai| ina donoM meM hama cayana kareM aura soceM-mAMsa kI anivAryatA hai yA anAja kI anivaarytaa| hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA mAMsa khAne meM jyAdA hai yA anAja khAne meM hai? isa cayana kA phalita hogA ki mAMsa khAnA anivArya nahIM hai, anAja khAnA anivArya hai| kyoMki zAkAhAra kA koI vikalpa nahIM hai jo manuSya ko jIvita rakha ske| mAMsAhAra kA vikalpa hai-zAkAhAra / mAMsa ko chor3ane vAlA zAkAhAra ke bala para jI sakatA hai| zAkAhArI mAMsa nahIM khAtA, para mAMsAhArI anAja aura phala, sAga-sabjI khAte haiN| kyoMki mAMsAhAra karane para bhI zAkAhAra kI anivAryatA ko ve atikramaNa nahIM kara paate| zAkAhAra kI nyUnatama apekSA hai, use chor3A nahIM jA sktaa| usake binA kAma nahIM cala sktaa| yaha anivaryatA kA siddhAnta hai| anAja aura mAMsa donoM kI tulanA meM mAMsa kA bhojana manuSya ko adhika krUra banAtA haiN| mAMsa ko prApta karane meM manuSya ko jitanA krUra bananA par3atA haiM, utanA anAja ko prApta karane meM nahIM bananA pdd'taa| jo loga mAMsAhArI hai, ve bhI bucar3akhAne meM nahIM jaate| jahAM jIvoM kA badha hotA hai, pazu-pakSI mAre jAte haiM, vahAM nahIM jaate| yadi ve vahAM cale jAeM to saMbhava hai unake lie bhI mAMsa khAnA muzkila ho jaae| anAja khAne meM bhI hiMsA hai, krUratA kI dRSTi se mAMsa bhojana kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| anivAryatA aura hiMsA kA alpIkaraNa-ina donoM dRSTiyoM se mAMsa-bhojana svIkArya nahIM ho sktaa| jina logoM ne karuNA se Ardra hokara dekhA una sabane eka svara se kahA-manuSya vivekazIla prANI hai vaha vikalpoM kA cayana karatA hai| isaliye use mAMsa nahIM khAnA caahie|

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158 jaina darzana aura vijJAna antarvRtti kI dRSTi se hameM mAMsAhAra ke prazna para vicAra karanA caahie| jina pazuoM, pakSiyoM aura jalacara jIvoM kA mAMsa khAyA jAtA hai, unameM tAmasika vRttiyAM prabala hotI haiN| mAMsa pazu ke zarIra kA abhinna bhAga hotA hai, jisake kaNa-kaNa meM tAmasika vRttiyAM ubharatI haiN| usa mAMsa ko khAne vAlA kyA pAzavikatA ke saMskAroM se baca pAegA? kabhI nhiiN| manuSya meM pAzavikatA, ajJAna, pramAda aura krUratA ke bar3hane kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai-mAMsAhAra / mAMsAhAra ne nizyaca hI manuSya ko kucha aMzoM meM pazu banAyA hai aura usameM pAzavika vRttiyAM paidA kI haiM, anyathA manuSya kucha aise AcaraNa nahIM karatA jo pazu ke lie hI ucita ho sakate haiM, manuSya ke lie nhiiN| mAMsAhAra ke niSedha kI carcA pahale ahiMsA ke dRSTikoNoM se kI jAtI thI, aba yaha antavRttiyoM ke dRSTikoNoM se kI jA rahI hai| sabhI cAhate haiM ki hamAre samAja meM aparAdha kI bAr3ha na Ae, kintu antarvattiyoM ko pariSkRta kie binA aparAdha kI bAr3ha ko rokA nahIM jA sktaa| antavRttiyoM ko vikRta banAne vAlI vastuoM ke prayoga ko chor3e binA unheM pariSkRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa dRSTi se mAMsAhAra kA prazna manuSya ke lie bahuta cintanIya hai| yaha eka aisI samasyA hai, jise dUsarI samasyAeM upasthita kara, manuSya apanI dRSTi se ojhala karanA cAhatA hai, kintu vaha dRSTi se ojhala hokara bhI apanA prabhAva dikhAe binA nahIM rahatI aura svayaM samAhita nahIM hotii| mana zAnta aura pavitra rahe, uttejanAeM kama hoM-yaha anivArya apekSA hai| isake lie AhAra kA viveka honA jarUrI hai| apane svArtha ke lie bilakhate hue mUka prANI kI nirmama hatyA karanA krUra karma hai| mAMsAhAra isakA bahuta bar3A nimitta hai| isalie anivAryatA, antarvRtti aura karuNA-ina saba dRSTiyoM se mAMsAhAra kA varjana AhAra-viveka kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| vizva ke hara kone se vaijJAnika va DaoNkTara yaha cetAvanI de rahe haiM ki mAMsAhAra kaiMsara Adi asAdhya rogoM kA nimitta banakara Ayu kSINa karatA hai, aura zAkAhAra adhika pauSTikatA va rogoM se lar3ane kA kSamatA pradAna karatA hai| __ pazuoM ke mArane se pUrva unake zarIra meM pala rahe rogoM kI ucita jAMca nahIM kI jAtI aura unake zarIra meM pala rahe roga-mAMsa khAne vAle ke zarIra meM praveza kara jAte haiM; phira jisa trAsa va yantraNApUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM inakI hatyA kI jAtI hai usa vAtAvaraNa se utpanna huA tanAva, bhaya, chaTa-paTAhaTa krodha Adi pazuoM ke

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 159 mAMsa ko jaharIlA banA detA hai| vaha jaharIlA roga grasta mAMsa- mAMsAhArI ke udara meM jAkara use asAdhya rogoM kA zikAra banAtA hai / amloM kI vinAzIlatA zarIra meM bAhara se praveza karane vAle viSa- dravyoM meM mukhya yogadAna azuddha AhAra ke dvArA hotA hai / yadi AhAra - viveka dvArA hita, mita, sAttvika AhAra hI grahaNa kiyA jAe, to zarIra meM bAhara se viSa- dravyoM kA praveza nahIM hogA / itanA hI nahIM, zuddha AhAra dvArA pUrva meM jamA viSa- dravyoM ko bAhara nikAlane meM bhI sahAyatA milegI / hamArA AhAra (bhojana) aisA honA cAhie, jisase ki zarIra meM viSa- dravyoM atimAtrA meM jamA na ho paae| aisA AhAra "zuddha" AhAra kahalAtA hai| zarIra meM cayApacaya kI kriyA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hamAre zarIra meM yUrika esiDa, lekTika esiDa Adi amla paidA hote haiN| aise padArtha bhojana meM adhika na leM jinase ina amloM meM vRddhi ho / anyathA ina amloM ko niSkriya karane ke lie kSAra kI mAtrA paryApta na hone se, amla avaziSTa raha jAyegA, jo hAnikAraka hI siddha hotA hai / kArbohAiDreTa-yadi bhojana meM korbohAiDreTa kI mAtrA AvazyakatA se adhika ho jAtI hai, to usase kArbana DAIAksAiDa kI utpatti bar3ha jAtI hai jisase zarIra meM kArbonika aisiDa paidA hotA hai, jo eka viSa- dravya ke rUpa meM zarIra ko nukasAna pahuMcAtA hai| proTIna - bhojana meM proTIna kA jo hissA hotA hai, usake cayApacaya ke pariNAmasvarUpa yUrika esiDa kA nirmANa hotA hai / atyadhika zrama se zarIra meM laikTika esiDa kI mAtrA bar3ha jAtI hai| ina amloM ko zarIra se yathAzIghra niSkAsita karanA cAhie tathA niSkAsita karane se pUrva unheM kSAroM dvArA niSkriya karanA Avazyaka hai| soDiyama, poTeziyama, kelziyama aura megneziyama kSAroM kI paryApta mAtrA rakta pravAha meM rakhane ke lie ina dravyoM se yukta padArtha bhojana dvArA grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| yadi bhojana dvArA inakI ApUrti nahIM hotI hai to hamAre zarIra ke bhItara ke kSAra - bhaMDAra jaise- asthiyAM, pRSTha-rajju, lIvara Adi meM se unheM nikAlakara rakta pravAha meM bhejanA par3atA hai| isa prakAra jaba kramaza: kSAra - bhaMDAra rikta ho jAte haiM taba rakta meM atirikta mAtrA meM jamA amla apanI vinAzalIlA zurU kara dete haiM / udAraNArtha- saMdhivAta kI bImArI meM asthi- saMdhiyoM meM yUrika aisiDa jamA hotA hai / isalie hamAre bhojana meM amla-nirodhaka yA kSArAnta padArtha kI paryApta mAtrA meM pUrti Avazyaka hai / phala, sabjI, bhAjI, kSArAnta haiM tathA dAla anna

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160 jaina darzana aura vijJAna Adi amlAnta hai| dUdha kevala navajAta zizuoM ke lie kSArAnta hai vayaskoM ke lie vaha amlAnta bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra amlAnta bhojana kI tulanA meM paryApta mAtrA meM kSArAnta bhojana hone se hI vyakti -"amloM' kI vinAzalIlA se baca sakatA hai| carbI-bhojana meM yadi sneha yA carbI (vasA) kI mAtrA sImA se adhika hotI hai to AMtoM meM usakA rUpAntaraNa phrI-pheTI esiDa ke rUpa meM hotA hai| ise niSkriya karane ke lie pitta yA anya-soDiyama, poTeziyama Adi ke kSAroM kA atirikta mAtrA meM vyaya karanA par3egA, jo eka "durvyaya' hai| yadi ye kSAra paryApta na hoM to esiTona DAi-eseTika esiDa jaise ati viSaile viSa-dravyoM kA saMgraha zarIra meM bar3hegA jo mRtyu kA bhI kAraNa bana sakatA hai| spaSTa hai ki mAMsAhAra amloM kI vinAzalIlA meM eka bahuta bar3A nimitta hai| manuSya kI prAkRtika zarIra-racanA zAkAhArI jIvoM jaisI isa sRSTi meM zAkAhArI va mAMsAhArI jIvoM ke anekoM jAtiyAM haiM aura bahuta choTe se lekara bar3e AkAra taka ke vibhinna prakAra ke jIva haiM, kintu sabhI zAkAhArI jIvoM kI zarIra racanA, hAtha, pAMva, dAMta, AMtoM Adi kI banAvaTa va unako dekhane, sUMghane kI zakti va khAne-pIne kA DhaMga mAMsAhArI jIvoM se bhinna hai| jaise

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zarIra kA aMga 1. dAMta ' 2. paMje 3. jabar3e kI gati 4. cabAne kI kriyA 5. jIbha 6. pAnI pIne kI kriyA 7. AMteM 8. lIvara, gurde 9. pAcaka aMga meM hAiDroklorAiDa esiDa mAMsAhArI nukIle tez2a nAkhuna vAle kevala Upara nIce hilate haiM bagaira cabAe bhojana nigalate haiM khuradarI (rough) jIbha bAhara nikAla kara laMbAI kama, zarIra kI lambAI ke barAbara; dhar3a kI lambAI se 6 gunI; AMteM choTI hone ke kAraNa ve mAMsa ke sar3ane va viSAkta hone se pahale hI use bAhara phaiMka detI haiM / anupAta meM bar3e; tAki mAMsa kA vyartha mAdA AsAnI se bAhara nikAla sake manuSya kI apekSA dasa gunA adhika, jisase mAMsa AsAnI paca sakatA hai zAkAhArI capaTI dAr3ha vAle nAkhuna teja nahIM Upara nIce, dAeM-bAeM, saba ora hilate haiM, bhojana cabAne ke bAda nigalate haiM cikanI (smooth) jIbha binA bAhara nikAle, hoThoM se laMbAI adhika; zarIra kI laMbAI se 4 gunI; dhar3a kI laMbAI se 12 gunI; isake kAraNa mAMsa ko jaldI bAhara nahIM phaiMka pAtI / anupAta ma meM choTe, tAki mAMsa kA vyartha mAdA AsanI se bAhara nahIM nikAla sakate kama, mAMsa ko AsAnI se nahIM pacA sakatA 1. jInsa hIpakInsa yUnivarsiTI ke DaoN0 elana vAkara ne dAMtoM ke mAikroskopika enelisisa se yaha patA lagAyA hai ki manuSya phala khAne vAle prANiyoM kA vaMzaja hai na ki mAMsa khAne vAloM kA / / vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 161

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162 10. lAra (salAivA) 11. blaDa - pI. eca. 12. sUMghane kI zakti 13. AMkheM 14. zabda amlIya (acidic) kama; jhukAva amlIya kI ora atyanta tIvra rAta meM camakatI haiM; rAta meM bhI dekha sakatI haiM karkaza, bhayaMkara janma ke bAda eka saptAha taka dRSTi-zUnya kSArIya (alkaline) lAra meM TAyalina ptyaline adhika; jhukAva kSArIya kI ora utanI tIvra nahIM rAta meM dekha nahIM sakatI karkaza nahIM janma se hI dRSTi vAle 15. bacce jaina darzana aura vijJAna

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 163 uparokta tathyoM se yaha patA lagatA hai ki prakRti ne manuSyoM kI banAvaTa gAya, ghor3A, UMTa, jirApha, sAMDa Adi zAkAhArI pazuoM ke samAna hI kI hai, use zAkAhArI padArthoM ko hI sugamatA va saralatA se prApta kara sakane va pacAne kI kSamatA dI hai / manuSya 'ke alAvA saMsAra kA koI bhI jIva prakRti dvArA pradAna kI huI zarIra racanA ke viparIta AcaraNa karanA nahIM caahtaa| zera bhUkhA hone para bhI zAkAhArI padArtha nahIM khAtA aura gAya bhUkhI hone para bhI mAMsAhAra nahIM karatI kyoMki vaha unakA svAbhAvika prakRti anukUla AhAra nahIM hai| mAMsAharI pazu apanI pUrI umra mAMsAhAra kara vyatIta karate haiM; unake lie yahI pUrNa AhAra hai kintu koI bhI manuSya kevala mAMsAhara para do tIna saptAha se adhika jIvita nahIM raha sakatA kyoMki kevala mAMsa kA AhAra itane adhika tejAba va viSa (Acid and Toxins ) utpanna kara degA ki usake zarIra kI saMcAlana kriyA hI bigar3a jaaegii| jo manuSya prakRti ke viparIta mAMsAhAra karate haiM unheM bhI kucha-na-kucha zAkAharI padArtha lene hI par3ate haiM kyoMki manuSya ke lie mAMsAhAra apUrNa va Ayu kSINa karane vAlA AhAra hai| aisakImoM jo paristhitivaza prAya: mAMsAhAra para hI rahate haiM, kI ausata Ayu sirpha 30 varSa hI hai| jabaki kevala zAkAhAra para manuSya pUrI va lambI umra saralatA se jI sakatA hai| uparokta sabhI tathya yaha pramANita karate haiM ki prakRti ne manuSya kI racanA zAkAhArI aura kevala zAkAhAra bhojana ke anukUla hI kI hai| mAMsAhAraH rogoM kA janmadAtA mAMsAhAra para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bahuta tIvratA se prahAra kiyA hai| jaina dharma ne to mAMsAhAra ko hiMsA kI dRSTi se tathA bhAva evaM lezyA kI malinatA kI dRSTi se heya mAnA hI hai, para vizva ke anya dharma - zAstroM va mahApuruSoM ne hara prANI mAtra meM usa parama pitA paramAtmA kI jhalaka dekhane ko kahA hai va ahiMsA ko parama dharma mAnA hai| adhikAMza dharmoM ne to vistAra pUrvaka mAMsAhAra ke doSa batAe haiM aura use AyukSINa karane vAlA va patana kI ora le jAne vAlA kahA hai kintu kisI bhI nirIha prANI kI hatyA kA niSedha to sabhI dharmo ne kiyA hai / apane svAda va indriya-sukha ko hI jIvana kA parama dhyeya samajhane vAle kucha loga apane svArthavaza yaha prakaTa karate haiM ki unake dharma meM mAMsAhAra niSedha nahIM hai, kintu yaha asatya hai / ' zarIra aura mana kI dRSTi se bhI mAMsAhAra para Aja bahuta vicAra ho cukA hai| vaijJAnika khojoM se yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki mAMsAhAra zarIra kI dRSTi se 1. vistAra ke lie dekheM gopInAtha agravAla, zAkAhAra yA mAMsAhAra pRSTha 25-28 /

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164 jaina darzana aura vijJAna aneka prakAra se hAniprada hai / zAkAhAra meM taMtumaya padArtha adhika hote haiN| unase peTa ko sApha rakhane meM madada milatI hai / zarIra ke viSAkta padArtha unake sahAre se bAhara nikala Ate haiN| jaba bhI AhAra meM taMtumaya padArthoM kI kamI hotI hai, bar3I AMta kA kaiMsara tathA dUsarI bImAriyAM hone kI zakyatA hai / / mAMsAhAra hamAre lie kitanA ghAtaka va asAdhya rogoM ko nimaMtraNa dene vAlA hai isa para Thosa niSkarSa bar3e-bar3e DAkTaroM, vaijJAnikoM Adi ne nikAle haiM sTeTa yUnivarsiTI oNpha nyUyArka, baphailoM meM kI gaI zodha se yaha prakAza meM AyA ki amarIkA meM 47000 se bhI adhika bacce hara varSa aise janma lete haiM jinheM mAtA-pitA ke mAMsAhArI hone ke kAraNa kaI bImAriyAM janma se hI lagI hotI haiM aura ye bacce bar3e hone para bhI pUrNataH svastha nahIM ho pAte / ' hRdaya roga va ucca raktacApa - I rakta- vAhaniyoM kI bhItarI dIvAroM para kolesTerola kI tahoM kA jamanA isakA mukhya kAraNa hai / 1985 ke nobela puraskAra vijetA amarIkI DA. mAikala esa. brAuna va DaoN. josepha ela. golDasTIna ne yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki hRdaya roga se bacAva ke lie kolesTerola nAmaka tattva ko jamane se rokanA ati Avazyaka hai, yaha tattva vanaspati meM nahIM ke barAbara hotA hai / aNDoM meM sabase adhika va mAMsa, aNDoM va jAnavaroM se prApta vasA meM kAphI mAtrA meM hotA hai / 100 grAma aNDA pratidina lene kA artha jarUrata se DhAI gunA adhika kolesTerola lenA hai / jo vyakti mAMsa yA aNDe khAte haiM unake zarIra meM 'rispaTaroM' kI saMkhyA meM kamI ho jAtI hai jisase rakta ke andara kolesTerola kI mAtrA adhika ho jAtI hai| isase hRdaya roga gurde ke roga evaM patharI jaisI bImAriyAM ko bar3hAvA milatA hai| isase AMtoM, stanoM tathA garbhAzaya ke roga hone kI saMbhAvanA adhika rahatI hai / briTena ke DA. ema. raoNka ne eka sarvekSaNa abhiyAna ke bAda yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki " zAkAhAriyoM meM saMkrAmaka aura ghAtaka bImAriyAM mAMsAhAriyoM kI apekSA kama pAI jAtI haiN| ve mAMsAhAriyoM kI apekSA adhika svastha, charahare badana, zAMta prakRti aura cintanazIla hote haiN|" bI. bI. sI. ke TelIvijana vibhAga dvArA zAkAhAra para eka sAptAhika kAryakrama dvArA mAMsAhAriyoM ko spaSTa cetAvanI dI jAtI rahI hai ki isase Apako ghAtaka bImAriyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3a sakatA hai| pazcimI dezoM meM jahAM mAMsAhAra kA pracalana adhika hai vahAM dila kA daurA, 1. ahiMsA saMdeza, jUna, 89 rAMcI

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 165 kaiMsara, blaDa-prezara, moTApA, gurde ke roga, kabja, saMkrAmaka roga, patharI, jigara kI bimArI Adi ghAtaka bImAriyAM adhika hotI haiM jabaki bhArata, jApAna va dakSiNa aphrIkA meM jahAM mAMsAhAra kA pracalana kucha kama hai, kama hotI hai|' mAMsAhAra se kaiMsara sabhI prANiyoM ke zarIra meM viSaile padArtha taiyAra hote haiN| ve kevala mala-mUtra dvArA hI zarIra se bAhara nikala sakate hai| jaba koI jAnavara mArA jAtA hai aura usake mAMsa meM se padArtha raha jAyeM to unake bAhara nikalane kA koI rAstA nahIM raha jaataa| hRdaya kI kriyA baMda hone ke bAda zarIra ke sAre avayava pUrNa rUpa se niSkriya ho jAte haiN| ata: mRta jAnavaroM ke mAMsa meM viSaile padArtha bhArI mAtrA meM jamA raha jAte hai| jo vyakti use khAtA hai, sahaja hI sArA viSailA tattva usake zarIra meM pahuMca jAtA hai| jina jAnavaroM ko mArA jAtA hai unheM hArmonsa, enTIbaoNDIja aura isI prakAra kI anya auSadhiyAM tathA jantunAzaka davAiyAM nizcaya rUpa se dI jAtI haiN| jo vyakti mAMsAhAra karatA hai usake zarIra meM ye jaharIle padArtha jamA ho jAte haiN| gAyoM Adi jAnavaroM kA moTA-tAjA banAne ke lie bhI B.E.S. nAma kI davAI dI jAtI hai| isase unake mAMsa ko khAne se kaiMsara kI saMbhAvanA batAI gayI hai| jina striyoM ko Aja se pacIsa varSa pUrva B.E.S. kI auSadhi dI gayI thI unameM tathA unakI patriyoM taka meM kaiMsara kA pramANa adhika pAyA gayA hai| ___ mAMsAhAriyoM meM kaiMsara kA bar3hanA koI Azcaryajanaka bAta nahIM hai| eka sarvekSaNa se patA calA hai ki mAMsAhAra karane vAle 25 dezoM meM se 19 dezoM kI mRtyu-saMkhyA bahuta UMcI hai| 5 dezoM kI mRtyu saMkhyA madhyama hai jabaki kevala eka deza kI mRtyu dara nIcI hai|' / una dezoM meM jahAM loga zAkAhAra karate haiM vahAM kaiMsara bahuta kama pAyA jAtA hai| 1975 meM bambaI meM kaiMsara ke pAne vAloM kI saMkhyA dasa hajAra meM eka thI jabaki iMglaiMDa meM 5.5 pratizata thii| Ijipta meM kAle raMgavAlI zAkAhArI jAtiyoM meM kaiMsara nahIM ke barAbara hai jabaki mAMsAhAra jAti meM aMgrejoM jitanI hI hai| kopTa maTha meM jahAM loga cAya kaoNphI tathA mAMsAhAra nahIM karate haiM, pichale 27 varSoM meM kaiMsara kI eka ghaTanA bhI nahIM huii| ____ amerikana sineTaroM kI samiti ne 'AhAra-viSayaka amerikA kA dhyeya' viSaya para apanI rirpoTa peza karate hue yahI kahA hai-mAMsAhAra se hRdaya-vikAra 1. kalyANa, gorakhapura, pRSTha 571 va hindustAna TAimsa, naI dillI, 1.10.86 Human onchogene : Work done by Prof. R.A. Weinberg from Massachutts Hospital U.S.A. and others. -

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166 tathA kaiMsara kI saMbhAvanAoM se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / AsTreliyA, jahAM sarvAdhika mAMsa bhojana khAyA jAtA hai aura jahAM prati vyakti prativarSa 130 kilo gomAMsa (Beaf) kI khapata hai vahAM (Bowel) AMtoM kA kaiMsara sabase adhika hai| Dr. Andrew Gold ne apanI pustaka 'Diabetes : Its Causes and Treatment' meM zAkAhArI bhojana kI hI salAha dI hai / jaina darzana aura vijJAna AMtoM kA alasara, apainDisAiTisa AMtoM aura mala dvAra kA kaiMsara (Ulcreative colitis. Appendicitis. Cartinoma of colon and rectum) ye roga zAkAhAriyoM kI apekSA mAMsAhAriyoM meM adhika pAe jAte haiM / anya bImAriyAM mAMsAhArI logoM kA pezAba prAya: tejAbayukta hotA hai| isa kAraNa zarIra se rakta kA pezAba aura kSAra kA anupAta ThIka rakhane ke lie haDDiyoM meM se kSAra ke namaka khUna meM milate rahate haiN| isake viparIta zAkAhAriyoM kA pezAba kSAra vAlA hotA haiM / isalie unakI haDDiyoM kA kSAra khUna meM nahIM AtA aura haDDiyAM majabUta rahatI haiN| DaoN. e. vaoNcamaina aura DaoN. DI. esa. barnasIna ne hArvarDa meDikala skUla riporTa, 1969, pR. 457 meM likhA hai- mAMsAhAra pAcana-saMsthAna ko kharAba karatA hai, kyoMki vaha muMha kI lAra kI pratikriyA ko kSAra se amla meM parivartita kara detA hai / isa prakAra lAra apane kAma meM sakSama nahIM hotI / mAMsAhAra jina asAdhya rogoM ko janma detA hai, unameM se kucha isa prakAra hai| 1. mirgI (Epilepsy) inphekTeDa mAMsa se hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| 2. gurde kI bImAriyAM (Kidney Diseases) - mAMsAhAra adhika proTInayukta hone se gurde kharAba karatA hai / 3. saMdhivAta, gaThiyA Adi (Rheumatoid artheritis, gout etc.) - mAMsAhAra khUna se yUrika esiDa kI mAtrA bar3hAtA hai| isase ye bImAriyAM ho sakatI hai| 4. aitherosklerosisa - rakta dhamaniyoM kA moTA honaa| yaha bImArI mAMsAhAra meM vidyamAna polIsecureTeDa pheTsa, kolesTerola Adi se hotI hai| isase viparIta 1. Role of Vegetarian Diet in Health and Disease, Bombay. 2. Medical Basis of Vegetarian Nutrition, New Delhi. 3. Medical Basis of Vegetarian Nutrition, New Delhi; DaoN nemIcanda jaina, aNDA hI jahara hai, indaura /

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167 vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI zAkAhArI bhojana isa bImArI se bacAtA hai| 5. AMtoM kA sar3anA- aNDA, mAMsa Adi khAne se pecisa, maMdAgni Adi bImAriyAM ghara kara jAtI haiM, AmAzaya kamajora hotA hai va AteM sar3a jAtI haiN| 6. viSAvarodhI-zakti kA kSaya-mAMsa, aNDA, khAne se zarIra kI viSAvarodhI zakti naSTa hotI haiM aura zarIra sAdhAraNa-sI bImArI kA bhI mukAbalA nahIM kara pAtA, buddhi va smaraNa zakti kamajora par3atI hai| vikAsa maMda ho jAtA hai| kucha amarIkI va iMglaiMDa ke DAkTaroM ne to aNDe ko manuSya ke lie jahara kahA hai| 7. tvacA ke roga, egjImA, muMhAse Adi- tvacA kI rakSA ke lie viTAmina A kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai jo gAjara, TamATara, harI sabjiyoM Adi meM hI bahutAyata meM hotA hai| yaha zAkAhArI padArtha jahAM tvacA kI rakSA karate haiM vahIM mAMsa, aNDe, zarAba ityAdi tvacA-rogoM ko bar3hAvA dete haiN| tvacA meM jalana mahasUsa hone vAle roga ke adhikAMza rogI mAMsAhArI hI pAe ge| 8. anya rogoM jaise mAigrena, inphaikzana se hone vAle roga, striyoM ke mAsika dharma saMbaMdhI roga Adi bhI mAMsAhAriyoM meM hI adhika pAye jAte haiN| sArAMza meM jahAM zAkAhArI bhojana prAya: pratyeka roga ko rokatA hai vahIM mAMsAhArI bhojana pratyeka roga ko bar3hAvA detA hai| zAkAhArI bhojana Ayu bar3hAtA hai to mAMsAhArI bhojana Ayu ghaTAtA hai| mahattvapUrNa vaijJAnika tathya 1. gvAliyara ke do zodhakartAoM DA. jasarAja siMha aura zrI. sI. ke. DavAsa ne gvAliyara jela ke 400 bandiyoM para zodha kara yaha batAyA ki 250 mAMsAhArI bandiyoM meM se 85 pratizata cir3acir3e svabhAva ke va jhagar3AlU TAipa ke nikale jabaki bAkI 150 zAkAhArI bandiyoM meM se 10 pratizata zAMta svabhAva ke aura khuzamijAja the| 2. amarIkI vizeSajJa DA. viliyama, sI. rAbarTasa kA kahanA hai ki amerikA meM mAMsAhArI logoM meM dila ke marIja jyAdA haiN| unake mukAbale zAkAhArI logoM meM dila ke marIja kama hote hai| 3. eka anya riporTa ke anusAra eka kIr3A jise aMgrejI meM brena baga (Brain Bug) kahate hai| aisA hotA hai jisake kATane se pazu pAgala ho jAtA hai kintu pAgalapana kA yaha roga pUrI taraha vikasita hone meM 10 varSa taka kA samaya laga jAtA hai| isa bIca yadi koI isa kIr3e dvArA kATe hue pazu kA mAMsa khA letA hai to pazu meM palane 1. ahiMsA saMdeza, jUna 89, rAMcI

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168 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vAle yaha roga mAMsa khAne vAle ke zarIra meM praveza kara pAtA hai|' yaha to sarvavidita hI hai ki hatyA se pahale pazu, pakSI machaliyoM Adi ke svAsthya kI pUrI jAMca nahI kI jAtI aura unake zarIra meM chupI huI bImAriyoM kA patA nahIM lagAyA jaataa| aNDe, pazu, pakSI, machaliyAM bhI kaiMsara TayUmara Adi aneka rogoM se grasta hote haiM aura unake mAMsa ke sevana se ve roga manuSya meM praveza kara jAte 4. akele amarIkA meM 40000 se adhika kesa prativarSa aise Ate hai jo roga-grasta aNDe va mAMsa khAne se hote haiN| 5. hailtha ejUkezana kAuMsila ke anusAra viSAkta bhojana (Food Poisoning) se hone vAlI 90 pratizata mautoM kA kAraNa mAMsAhAra hai| 6. jaba pazu bUcar3akhAne meM kasAI ke dvArA apanI mauta ko pAsa Ate dekhatA he to vaha Dara, dahazata se kAMpa uThatA hai| mRtyu ko samIpa bhAMpakara vaha eka-do dina pahale se hI khAnA-pInA chor3a detA hai| Dara va ghabarAhaTa meM usakA kucha mala bAhara nikala jAtA hai| mala jaba khUna meM jAtA hai to jaharIlA va nukasAnadAyaka bana jAtA hai| mAMsa meM rakta, vIrya, mUtra, mala Adi anya kitanI hI cIjoM kA aMza hotA hai| mauta se pUrva ni:sahAya pazu AtmarakSA ke liye puruSArtha karatA hai, chaTapaTAtA hai| puruSArtha bekAra hone para usakA Dara, Aveza bar3ha jAtA hai, gusse se AMkheM lAla ho jAtI haiM, maha meM jhAga A jAte haiN| aisI avasthA meM usake andara eka padArtha eDrInAlina (Adrenalin) utpanna hotA hai jo usake rakta-cApa ko bar3hA detA hai va usake mAMsa ko jaharIlA banA detA hai| jaba manuSya vaha mAMsa khAtA hai to usameM bhI eDrInAlIna praveza kara use ghAtaka rogoM kI ora dhakela detA hai| eDrInAlina ke sAtha jaba klorineTeDa hAiDrokArbana liyA jAtA hai taba to yaha hArTa-aTaika kA gaMbhIratama khatarA utpanna kara detA hai| 7. machalI, aNDe Adi ko (prijarva karane) ThIka rakhane ke lie borika esiDa va vibhinna boreTsa kA prayoga hotA hai, ye kampAuNDa Cerebral Tissues meM ekatra hokara gaMbhIra khatarA utpanna kara dete haiN| bUcar3akhAnoM se prApta mAMsa kitanA hAnikAraka, dUSita, gaMdA va roga-grasta hotA hai isakA anumAna isase hI lagA sakate hai ki yUropa ke atyAdhunika, navIna upakaraNoM 1. vahI 2. vahI 3. Food for a future, Published by Akhil Bhartiya Hinsa Nivaran Sangh, Ahemdabad. 4. Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 1.10.86

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 169 va naI TaiknIka dvArA saMcAlita bUcar3akhAnoM ko bhI svAsthya kI dRSTi se Adarza nahIM kahA jA sakatA taba bhArata ke bUcar3akhAnoM ke mAMsa kI to bAta hI kyA / 8. amerikA ke DA. I. bI. emArI tathA igalaiMDa ke DA. inhA ne apanI vizva vikhyAta pustakoM 'poSaNa kA navInatama jJAna' aura 'rogiyoM kI prakRti' meM sApha-sApha mAnA hai ki aNDA manuSya ke lie jahara hai / 9. iMglaiNDa ke DA. Ara. je. viliyama kA niSkarSa hai "saMbhava hai aNDA khAne vAle zurU meM adhika custI anubhava kareM kintu bAda meM unheM hRdaya roga, ekajImA, lakavA jaise bhayAnaka rogoM kA zikAra ho jAnA par3atA hai / zAkAhAra adhika pauSTika va guNakArI zAkAhArI bhojana se ucita mAtrA meM proTIna athavA zaktivarddhaka ucita AhAra prApta nahIM hotA-yaha mAtra bhrAMti hai / Adhunika zodhakartAoM va vaijJAnikoM kI khojoM se yaha sApha patA lagatA hai ki zAkAhArI bhojana se na kevala ucca koTi ke proTIna prApta hote hai apitu anya Avazyaka poSaka tattva viTAmina, khanija, kailorI Adi bhI adhika prApta hote hai| soyAbIna va mUMgaphalI meM mAMsa va aNDe se adhika proTIna hotA hai / sAmAnya dAloM meM bhI proTIna kI mAtrA kama nahIM hotii| gehUM, cAvala, jvAra, bAjarA, makkA, Adi ke sAtha yadi ucita mAtrA meM dAleM evaM harI sabjiyoM kA sevana kiyA jAe to na ke vala proTIna kI AvazyAkatA pUrNa hotI haiM apitu adhika saMtulita AhAra prApta hotA hai, jo zAkAhArI vyakti ko mAMsAhArI kI apekSA adhika svastha, sabala va dIrghAyu pradAna karatA hai / aneka zodhakartAoM ne yaha patA lagAyA hai ki zAkAhArI adhika zaktizAlI, parizramI, adhika vajana uThA sakane vAle, zAMta svabhAva ke va khuzamijAja hote haiM / jApAna meM kie gae adhyayanoM se yaha patA calA hai ki zAkAhArI na kevala svastha va niroga rahate haiM apitu dIrghajIvI bhI hote haiM ve unakI buddhi bhI apekSAkRta teja hotI hai| ataH yaha kahanA ki mAMsAhAra zAkAhAra kI tulanA meM adhika zaktivardhaka haiM, eka galata dhAraNA hai| nezanala insTITyUTa Apha nyuTrIzana, haidarAbAda dvArA prakAzita (Nutritive Value of Indian Foods ) meM vibhinna khAdya-padArthoM kI jo tulanAtmaka tAlikA dI gaI hai| usase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki zAkAhArI padArthoM meM proTIna va anya svasthya vardhaka tattvoM kI kamI nahIM hai| usa tAlikA se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki mAMsAhArI padArthoM meM (Fiber ) phAibara (dAloM, anAja Adi kA UparI bhAga ) kI mAtrA bilkula nahIM hai aura yaha

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170 jaina darzana aura vijJAna nizcita ho cukA hai ki phAibbara rogoM ko rokane meM atyadhika mahattva rakhatA hai| hamAre svAsthya ke lie viTAminsa bhI atyavazyaka hai| ina viTAminsa ke srota bhI zAkAhArI padArtha hI haiN| zAkAhArI bhojana ke guNoM ko jAnakara aba pAzcAtya dezoM meM zAkAhAra AMdolana teja ho rahA hai| briTena ke dasa lAkha se adhika loga aba pUrNata: zAkAhArI haiM aura isa saMkhyA meM Azcaryajanaka vRddhi ho rahI hai| Arthika dRSTi __ Arthi dRSTi se bhI zAkAhArI kI apekSA mAMsAhAra jyAdA maMhagA hotA hai| eka bakarA 7 pauMDa anAja khAtA hai, taba eka pauMDa mAla taiyAra hotA hai| prAya: aisA kahA jAtA hai ki aMDo se bahuta kama kharca meM proTIna va pauSTikatA prApta hotI hai lekina yaha eka mithyA pracAra hai| vibhinna padArthoM meM proTIna kI pratizata kI jo tAlikA hai usake anusAra eka grAma proTIna kI kImata isa prakAra AtI hai|3 padArtha 1 grAma proTIna kI kImata aMDe se 14 paise gehUM se 4 paise dAloM se 3 paise soyAbIna se 2 paise yadi UrjA (kailorIja) kI dRSTi se dekheM to 100 kailorIja para vyaya isa prakAra AtA hai:padArtha 100 kailorIja para vyaya aMDe se gehUM se dAloM se 8 paise soyAbIna se 5 paise 9 paise 9 paise a aus 1. Medical Basis of Vegetarian Nutrition, Published by Kishore Chari table Trust, Delhi. 2. ahiMsA saMdeza, jUna 89, P. Box No. 85, Ranchi. 3. DaoN. nemIcanda jaina, aNDA jahara hI jahara, indaura /

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 171 ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki aMDoM kI apekSA dAloM va anAja se bahuta kama kharca meM proTIna va UrjA prApta hotI hai, isake atirikta anya mahattvapUrNa padArtha viTAminsa, khanija, phAibara, kArbohAiDreTa, ityAdi alaga prApta hote haiM jo mAMsAhArI padArthoM meM prAya: nahIM ke barAbara haiN| Arthika dRSTi se yaha bhI sArAMza nikAlA gayA hai ki mAMsa dvArA eka kilogrAma proTIna prApta karane ke lie pazu ko 7 se 8 kilogrAma taka proTIna khilAnA par3atA hai| yaha bhI anumAna lagAyA gayA hai ki 1 pazu-mAMsa-kailorI prApta karane ke lie 7 vanaspati-kailorI kharca hotI hai| amerikA ke kRSi vibhAga ne jo AMkar3e banAe haiM usase patA lagatA hai ki jitanI bhUmi eka ausata pazu ko carAne ke lie cAhie utanI se ausata darje ke pAMca parivAroM kA kAma calA sakatA hai| eka ausata amarIkI karIba 120 kilo mAMsa prativarSa khAtA hai; ise prApta karane ke lie karIba eka Tana anAja kharca hotA hai| yadi vaha sIdhA 120 kilo anAja khAe to varSa bhara ATha vyaktiyoM kA kArya cala sakatA hai| prophesara jArja baurgasTaurma ke anumAna ke anusAra kevala amerikA meM pazu-jagat jitanI vanaspati-phUDa kharca karatA hai, utanI hI vizva kI AdhI AbAdI peTa bhara sakatI hai| gAya, baila Adi pazuoM ke gobara se khAda, gaisa UrjA Adi kI jo atirikta prApti hotI hai una sabakA yadi hisAba lagAyA jAe to yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki aise pazuoM kA vadhakara hama utanA hI lAbha prApta karate haiM jitanA koI cAya banAne ke lie noTa jalAkara lAbha prApta kre| nitya eka sone kA aMDA dene vAlI murgI kA peTa kATanA samajhadArI kabhI nahIM hai| baumbe hyU mainiTeriyana lIga ke AnarerI saikreTarI dazaratha bhAI Thakkara ke anusAra pazu-jagat hamArI rASTrIya sampadA meM prativarSa 25,500 karor3a rupaye dUdha, khAda, UrjA va bhAra uThAne kI sevA se apanA pasInA bahAkara hamAre rASTra ko dete haiM, isake atirikta inake marane ke uparAMta, inakA camar3A va haDDiyAM alaga upayoga meM AtI haiN| hameM to ina pazuoM kA kRtajJa honA cAhie jo hameM itanI sampadA dete haiM va hamArI sevA karate haiN| yadI hama inake upakAra kA badalA inheM bUcar3akhAne bheja kara cukAeM to yaha hamArI kRtaghnatA hI hai| pazaoM kA vadha rokane se uparyukta pratyakSa lAbha ke atirikta jo apratyakSa lAbha haiM ve bhI kama nahIM hai| sastI khAda milane para anAja sastA hone se garIba ko 1. Human Onchogene : Work done by Prof. R.A.Weinberg from Massachutts Hospital, U.S.A. and others.

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172 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bhI bharapeTa bhojana milegA, jisase kupoSaNa se hone vAle roga ghaTeMge va unakI davAiyoM para hone vAlA kharca bcegaa| anAja sastA hone se maMhagAI sUcakAMka giregA, mahaMgAI bhattoM kI bacata hogii| majadUra AMdolana, har3atAleM Adi kama hoMgI jisase utpAdana bar3hegA va kImateM kama hoNgii| utpAdana bar3hane se rASTrIya Aya meM vRddhi hogI aura rASTra ko videzI koM ke lie hAtha nahIM phailAnA pdd'egaa| / ata: paza-badha rokanA kevala eka dhArmika, naitika yA dayA kI bAta hI nahIM hai balki rASTra kI Arthika unnati va svAsthya-rakSA kI parama AvazyakatA bhI haiN| paryAvaraNa apanI surakSA va prasannatA cAhane vAle ko dUsaroM kI surakSA va khuzI pradAna karanA sIkhanA cAhie anyathA prakRti kA daNDa dene kA apanA alaga hI niyama hai| jisa prakAra jaMgala naSTa hone se paryAvaraNa saMtulana bigar3a rahA hai aura hama vana-rakSA va per3a lagAo AMdolana para apanI pUrI zakti lagA rahe haiM, usI hameM apane astitva va paryAvaraNa va paristhitika (Environment & Ecological) saMtulana ko kAyama rakhane ke lie eka dina pazu-pakSI bacAo AMdolana karanA pdd'egaa| isa kArya meM jitanI dera hogI utanI hI adhika hAni hogii| 3. (tambAkU-varjana) vyasanoM kI vinAzalIlA hamArA zarIra jIvana-vikAsa meM sahAyaka hone vAlI eka mazIna hai| usakA durupayoga na karanA tathA use svastha banAe rakhanA hI samajhadArI hai| yaha eka sAmAnya viveka kI bAta hai, kintu Aja kA manuSya isa ora vizeSa dhyAna nahIM detaa| vaha nirantara mRtyu se DaratA hai, para pratyeka saMbhAvya rIti se vaha apane Apako tvaratA ke sAtha mRtyu ke najadIka le jA rahA hai| ajJAna, niSkriyatA, tanAva tathA khataranAka burI AdatoM ke dvArA hajAroM tarIkoM se manuSya apane zarIra kA durupayoga karatA hai| ye tarIke hamane apanI jIvana-paddhati meM apanA rakhe haiN| udAharaNata: Aja madyapAna aura dhUmrapAna manuSya sabhyatA ke aMga bana cuke haiN| dhUmrapAna pratyeka sigareTa ke Dibbe para tathA vijJApana meM yaha kAnUnI cetAvanI dI jAtI hai ki sigareTa pInA svAsthya ke lie hAnikAraka hai| dhUmrapAna se aneka prakAra ke roga utpanna ho sakate haiN| jaise-vAtasphItI (emphIjImA) hRdaya-roga, cirakAlaka khAMsI aadi| ina dinoM meM janatA ke dhyAna ko AkarSita karane vAlA dhUmrapAna kA

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 173 sabase bar3A duSpariNAma hai-phephar3oM kA kaiNsr| yaha eka asAdhya aura bahudhA ghAtaka bImArI hai| yaha bImArI nahIM pIne vAloM kI apekSA pIne vAloM meM 20 guNA adhika vyApta hai| kaiMsara kI bImArI viSAkta kozikAeM vRddhiMgata hotI huI svastha kozikAoM ko naSTa kara detI haiM aura antogatvA UtakoM ko bhii| emphIjImA (vAtasphIti) kI bImArI meM zvAsa-prakoSThoM (alvIolI) kA rogAtmaka vistAra hotA hai| bahuta sArI zvasanikAMe eka sAtha avaruddha ho jAtI haiN| zvAsa -prakoSThoM kI dIvAreM patalI hokara kSINa ho jAtI haiN| jisase zvasana-taMtra kI samagra upayogI sataha ke kSetraphala meM bhArI girAvaTa A jAtI hai| sArI paristhitiyAM apunarAvartanIya hai| antatogatvA oNksIjana kI kamI tathA karbana-DAiAksAiuDa kI vRddhi nirantara banI rahatI hai, jisase mRtyu taka ho sakatI hai| aba dhUmrapAna ne kevala phephar3oM ke kaiMsara kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai apitu svarayaMtra, mukha-guhA tathA anna-nalI ke kaiMsara kA bhI pramukha kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| tathA sAtha hI mUtrAzaya, agnyAzaya (klomagraMnthi) aura gurde ke kaiMsara meM bhI sahayogI kAraNa banAtA hai| sigareTa kA dhuAM zvAsa-nalikA ke astara meM rahe hue sUkSma bAloM (romoM) ko AghAta pahucAM kara saMvedana-zUnya kara detA hai| jisase ve dhUlikaNa-yukta zleSma ko Upara dhakelane meM akSama ho jAte haiM tathA use svarayaMtra dvArA bAhara nikAlane kI kriyA baMda ho jAtI hai| yadi dhUmrapAna kI Adata vAle vyakti dhUmrapAna chor3a deM to kucha mahinoM meM ye bAla sApha-sUphI ke kArya ke lie puna: sakriya bana jAte haiN| nazIle padArthoM kA sevana tanAva-mukti uttejanA yA sukhAbhAsa kI tIvrAnubhUti (yA mastI) ke lie nAnA prakAra ke nazIle padArthoM kA nitya sevana karane vAloM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jA rahI hai| durbhAgya kI bAta hai ki aba taka jitane nazIle auSadha AviSkRta hue haiM, ve 1. AdhAra : TAima patrikA, mArca 1985; isI patrikA meM amerikA ke sarjana-janarala sI0 evareTa kUpa kI isI viSaya kI eka riporTa bhI prakAzita hai| isa riporTa meM ve kahate haiM-hamAre yuga kI sArvajanika svAsthya se sambandhita samasyAoM meM sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa samasyA dhUmrapAna kI hai| usakI rokathAma bhI kI jA sakatI hai phira bhI hamAre samAja meM mRtyu kA sabase pramukha kAraNa dhUmrapAna hai| isa riporTa meM Age dhUmrapAna na karane vAloM ko bhI eka cetAvanI dI gaI hai ki unako sigareTa ke dhueM se bhare kamaroM meM jAne se bacanA caahie| kyoMki kaiMsarotpAdaka tattva dhUmrapAna karane vAle vyakti ke dvArA kasa lene meM jitanI mAtrA meM bhItara jAte haiM usakI apekSA sulagatI sigareTa ke nikalate dhueM meM adhika mAtrA meM vidyamAna hote haiN|

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174 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM khataranAka siddha hue haiN| adhikAMza aise padArthoM se vyakti unakA vyasanI bana jAtA hai, yAnI kucha dinoM ke sevana ke bAda unake zarIra kA cayApacaya-krama parivartita ho jAtA hai aura vyasanI ko una padArthoM ke nirantara sevana para Azrita honA par3atA hai| yadi unakA upayoga acAnaka banda kara diyA jAya, to vyasanI ko kAphI pIr3A sahana karanI par3atI hai aura kabhI-kabhI to mRtyu bhI ho sakatI hai / yaha parAzritatA zArIrika na bhI ho, para mAnasika rUpa meM avazya ho jAtI hai, jo nazIle padArtha ko 'vaizAkhI' kA rUpa dekara manuSya kA paMgu banA detI hai / bahuta sAre nazIle padArtha yakRta aura mastiSka jaise prANAdhAra avayavoM ko bhArI kSati pahuMcAte hai / aphIma aura mArphiyA jaise svApaka padArtha kendIya nAr3I saMsthAna ke zAmaka hone kA kAraNa pIr3A Adi meM rAhata pahuMcAte haiM yA ciMtA kI anubhUti se vyakti ko mukta karate haiN| isase sukhAbhAsa yA bhrama bhI paidA hotA hai, kintu ye tIvra durvyasana haiM aura sadiyoM se gambhIra svAsthya samasyAoM ke utpAdaka rahe haiN| ina vyasanoM ke zikAra vyakti apanI lata pUrI karane ke lie aparAdha karane utArU ho jAte haiN| uttejaka padArtha cAya, kAphI, koko Adi anya peya padArthoM meM vidyamAna kephIna aura sigareTa Adi tambAkU vAle padArthoM meM vidyamAna nikoTIna sAmAnyataH prayukta uttejaka padArtha hai| ina donoM meM (kephIna aura nikoTIna meM ) kendrIya nAr3I taMtra ko uttejita karane kI adbhuta kSamatA hai / kintu dUsarI ora ye hI tattva hRdaya roga ko bar3hAne meM sahayogI banate haiN| adhika mAtrA meM kephIna kA sevana cir3acir3Apana tathA anidrA kI bImArI ko paidA karatA hai / nikoTIna kI atimAtrA phuphphusa se sambandhita kaiMsara Adi aneka rogoM ko janma dene ke lie kukhyAta hai / zArIrika dRSTi se inakA vyasana-svabhAva vivAdAspada ho sakatA hai, kintu mAnasika dRSTi se inakI parAvalambitA asaMdigdha hai / bhAMga, gAMjA, sulphA, ela. esa. DI. Adi jinheM "sAIkeDelika auSadha' kahate haiM, zarIra meM se prAkRtika rUpa meM zrAvita "noraepinaiphrIna" nAmaka uttejaka hArmona ke srAva meM vRddhi karake apanA prabhAva DAlate hai / inake sevana karane vAloM meM kabhI-kabhI uttejanA itanI adhika ho jAtI hai ki vyakti nIMda nahIM le sakatA / sukhAbhAsa jaisI sthiti aura gaharI nirAzA kI sthiti eka ke bAda eka hotI rahatI hai / ina padArthoM kA dIrghakAlIna sevana vyakti ko bhrama yA bhrAMti yA ugra vyavahAra taka pahuMcAtA hai / ela. esa. DI. kA aNu rasAyanika dRSTi se seroTonIna nAmaka taMtrikA-saMcArI (nyUrona - TrAnsamITara) ke sAtha adabhuta sAdRzya rakhatA hai, jisase vaha mastiSkIya ' kozikAoM ke kArya kalApoM meM vikSepa paidA karatA hai| isase paidA hone vAle bhrama

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 175 atiAhlAdaka yA ati bhayAnaka svapna jaise hotA hai| jaba vyakti naze kI sthiti meM hotA hai, taba unakI vivekazakti vikRta ho jAtI hai jo usake svayaM ke lie tathA anya logoM ke lie bhI hAnikAraka siddha ho sakatI hai| amerikA kI "nezanala aikeDamI oNpha sAinsa'' ke "insTITyUTa oNpha meDisina'' nAmaka saMsthAna meM gAMjA ke prabhAva para apanI vistRta riporTa (lagabhaga 100 pRSThoM kI) ke niSkarSa meM batAyA hai-"gAMje meM vidyamAna mukhya sakriya tattva (DelTA TeTrAhAiDrokenAbInola) (TI. eca. sI.) zarAba kI taraha kriyAvAhI taMtuoM ke pArasparika tAlamela ko chinna-bhinna kara DAlatA hai|" isase gatimAna padArthoM ke hilane-Dulane ko samajhane kI kSamatA bhI prabhAvita hotI hai| aisA vyakti prakAza kI camaka ko pakar3ane meM asaphala ho jAtA hai| cUMki ye sArI kriyAoM meM paidA hone vAlI gar3abar3I kA artha hotA hai bhArI khatarA mola lenaa| ina padArthoM kA sevana svalpakAlIna smRti ko kSINa karatA hai, avabodha-zakti ko manda tathA nirNAyaka zakti meM viparyaya karatA hai, vyakti ke mastiSka meM AtaMka aura kiMkartavyamUr3hatA kI pratikriyAeM paidA karatA hai| ina padArthoM kA atimAtrA meM sevana karane se zvasana-patha kA kaiMsara hone aura phuphphusoM ko gaMbhIra rUpa meM kSati pahuMcane kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai| jardA-dhUmrapAna: bIsavIM sadI kA nirmama hatyArA saMsAra meM samaya-samaya para vibhinna kAraNa mAnava vinAza ke lie uttarAdAyI rahe haiN| isa zatAbdI ke zurU ke dazakoM meM mahAmAriyAM, jaise cecaka, plega, TIbI, maleriyA aura nimoniyA sabase adhika akAla mautoM kA kAraNa bnii| dUsare evaM pAMcave dazaka meM mRtyu ke sabase bar3e kAraNa vizva-yuddha rhe| chaThe dazaka se aba taka asAmayika mRtyu kA sabase bar3A jo kAraNa rahA hai vaha hai jardA-dhUmrapAna / pichale cAra dazakoM se saMsAra meM tambAkU pIne ve khAne se huyI bImAriyAM mAnava ko mRtyu mukha meM le jAne meM pramukha rahI haiN| akAla mRtyu ke sabase bar3e kAraNa jardA-dhUmrapAna ko yamadUta kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| nimna AMkar3e isa kathana kI puSTi karate 1. prathama vizva yuddha ke cAra sAloM meM jitane logoM kI mRtyu huI, utane loga to tambAkU se utpanna bImAriyoM se sirpha 1.5 varSa meM kAla-kavalita ho jAte haiN| 2. bhayaMkara bImArI eDsa se pichale eka dazaka meM saMsAra meM jitane logoM kI mRtyu huI, utane loga to tambAkU se huI bImAriyoM se sirpha eka mAha meM mara jAte

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176 jaina darzana aura vijJAna 3. jardA-dhUmrapAna se bhArata meM rojAnA 3,000 loga marate haiM arthAt sar3aka durghaTanAoM se 20 gunA va hatyAoM se 21 gunA adhika loga rojAnA jardA-dhUmrapAna se janita huI bImAriyoM se marate haiN| deza ke samAcAra-patroM meM hatyAoM va durghaTanAoM se huI mRtyu ke trAsada samAcAra mukhapRSTha para chapate haiM, kintu mAnava-mRtyu ke inase kahIM bar3e kAraNa sigareTa yA bIr3I se huI mRtyu kA ullekha bhI nahIM hotaa| AlocanA to dUra samAcAra-patroM meM to jardA bIr3I aura sigareTa ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie lubhAvane vijJApana chapate haiN| 4. kaI prakAra ke kaiMsara paidA karane vAle tattva jo kArasInojana kahalAte haiM, sigareTa yA bIr3I ke dhueM meM hote haiN| muMha, gale va phephar3e ke kaiMsara ke hara dasa rogiyoM meM se 9 vyakti ve hote haiM jo jardA-dhUmrapAna ke AdI hote haiN| mUtrAzaya, gurde penkrIyAja, peTa va garbhAzaya kaiMsara bhI dhUmrapAna karane vAloM ke adhika hote haiN| muMha, gale va bhojana nalI kA kaiMsara AmaMtrita karane meM zarAba dhUmrapAna kA sahayoga karatI hai| 5. jardA-dhUmrapAna lene vAloM meM hRdaya-roga kI saMbhAvanA 15 gunA adhika hotI 6. kraoNnika brAMkAiTisa va emphAijImA jaise khataranAka rogoM ke bhI dasa meM se nau rogI dhUmrapAna karane vAle vyakti hote haiN| 7. bhArata meM dhUmrapAna karane vAle vyaktiyoM meM se 30 pratizata loga kraoNnika brAMkAiTisa nAmaka zvAsa roga se pIr3ita hote haiN| 8. jardA-dhUmrapAna lene vAloM meM brena hemareja aura lakave kI bImArI jardA dhUmrapAna na lene vAloM se kahIM adhika hotI hai| 9. jardA-dhUmrapAna ke sAtha DAyabiTIja kI sambhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai| 10. dhUmrapAna se rIr3ha kI haDDI ke vikAra paidA ho jAte hai| 11. jardA-dhUmrapAna karane vAle ke cehare para jhurriyAM, usake dvArA kiye jAne vAle jardA-dhUmrapAna kI mAtrA ke anupAta meM bar3hatI hai| 12. yadi koI vyakti 40 sigareTa pItA hai, taba usake bagala meM baiThA aisA vyakti sigareTa nahIM pItA, 3 sigareTa ke barAbara dhuAM zarIra meM grahaNa karatA hai| 13. cintAoM se ghire logoM ke lie jardA-dhUmrapAna adhika khataranAka hRdayAghAta (hArTa aTaika) kI saMbhAvanA bahuta jyAdA hotI hai| 14. jardA-dhUmrapAna se ucca raktacApa jaisI ghAtaka bImArI ho jAtI hai|

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 177 15. lagAtAra jardA-dhUmrapAna karane se vyakti ko khAnA kama svAdiSTa lagatA hai| 16. garbhAvasthA meM bIr3I yA tambAkU ke sevana yA sigareTa pIne se garbha ke bacce para bahuta pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai| yadi garbha kA baccA lar3akA hai taba use kuprabhAva kI AzaMkA adhika hotI hai| 17. bIr3I evaM sigareTa ke dhueM meM 5 pratizata ghAtaka gaisa kArbana monoAksAiDa hotI hai, jo ki khUna ke Avazyaka tattva hImoglobina se milakara kArboksI-hImoglobIna nAmaka viSailA padArtha banAtI hai| isase pratirodhAtmaka zakti kama hotI hai tathA zarIra meM polIsAithemiyA kI bImArI ho jAtI hai aura narvasa sisTama kI kArya-kSamatA meM vikAra A jAtA hai| dhUmrapAna karane vAle vyakti kI zArIrika kSamatA meM bhI kamI AtI hai aura thor3A parizrama karane ke pazcAt hI aise logoM ko thakAna Ane lagatI hai| 18. eka sigareTa pIne dhUmrapAna karane vAle vyakti kA jIvana pAMca minaTa kama hotA hai, arthAt koI vyakti 12 sigareTa rojAnA pItA hai, taba usakI umra eka ghaMTA pratidina ghaTatI jAtI hai| 19. eka paikeTa sigareTa pIne vAlA vyakti yadi sigareTa ke bajAya isa dhana ko lagAtAra 25 varSa taka baiMka meM saMcita karatA rahe to isa avadhi ke uparAnta 3.5 lAkha rupaye baiMka meM jamA hoNge| jabaki 25 varSa taka dhUmrapAna karate rahane ke pazcAt zarIra ko svastha rakhane hetu 500-1000 rupaye prati mAha cikitsA para kharca karane par3ate haiN| jardA-dhUmrapAna: Atma-hatyA kA tarIkA jardA-dhumrapAna kA sevana karane vAle adhikatara vyakti tambAkU ke ghAtaka kuprabhAvoM se prAya: anabhijJa hote haiM, lekina bahuta se vyakti isakI burAiyoM ko jAna lene ke bAvajUda jardA-dhUmrapAna kA sevana karanA jArI rakhate haiM aura kAlAMtara meM isakI vajaha se utpanna bImAriyoM se kAla-kavalita hote haiN| isa zreNI ke vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu ko to "Atma-hatyA" kahanA hI adhika upayukta hogaa| Atma-hatyA ke anya kAraNoM se yaha sirpha isalie bhinna hai ki anya tarIke jaise Atma-dAha, phAMsI lagAnA, yA jahara khAne se tatkAla mRtyu hotI hai, jabaki tambAkU tambAkU se janita bImAriyoM se vyakti dhIre-dhIre, ghaTa-ghuTa kara maratA hai| ata: jardA-dhUmrapAna se hone vAlI mRtyu vastuta: AtmahatyA kA sabase pracalita tarIkA hai| hara cAra dhUmrapAna karane vAle vyaktiyoM meM se eka (25 pratizata) kI mRtyu jardA-dhUmrapAna se janita bImAriyoM se hotI hai|

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178 hatyA kA pracalita tarIkA dhUmrapAna anumAnata: bhArata meM pratidina 200 logoM kI mRtyu dhUmrapAna karane vAle dostoM yA svajanoM ke sAnnidhya meM rahane kI vajaha se unake dvArA chor3e gae dhueM se huI bImAriyoM se hotI hai / eka prakAra se inheM dhUmrapAna karane vAle svajanoM dvArA kI gaI hatyAeM hI kahA jAnA caahie| dhUmrapAna karane vAle dostoM yA parivArajanoM ke sAnnidhya meM rahane vAle svastha vyaktiyoM ke phephar3e kI kSamatA 20 - 25 pratizata taka ghaTa jAtI hai aura yadi phephar3e pahale se hI kamajora haiM to bImArI adhika ghAtaka hotI hai / sigareTa kA sAiDa sTrIma dhuMA tathA dhUmrapAna ke daurAna muMha se nikalA dhuMA donoM meM hI TAra kI mAtrA itanI hotI hai, jo ki agala-bagala baiThe vyaktiyoM meM kaiMsara paidA kara sakatI hai| isI prakAra dhUmrapAna karane vAle vyakti ke sAnnidhya meM rahane se hRdaya roga kI saMbhAvanA bar3ha jAtI hai / ataH sirpha yahI jarUrI nahIM hai ki Apa svayaM dhUmrapAna na kareM, balki nikaTa rahane vAle vyakti ko dhUmrapAna na karanA bhI utanA hI Avazyaka hai / Atma-nirIkSaNa jaina darzana aura vijJAna pichale cAlIsa varSoM meM saMsAra meM mauta kA tANDava karane vAlI aisI kyA cIja dhUmrapAna meM? hai lagabhaga 4,000 prakAra ke tattva sigareTa ke dhueM meM pAe gae haiM jinameM se nikoTIna nAmaka tattva nitAMta khataranAka hotA hai| isake ghAtaka prabhAva ke kAraNa ise bahuta sI kITanAzaka davAoM meM kAma meM liyA jAtA hai| lagAtAra sevana karane para yaha hRdaya tathA anya aMgoM para kuprabhAva DAlatA hai| samaya ke sAtha yaha hRdaya kI dhamaniyoM meM moma jaisA jamAva paidA kara detA hai, jisase dhIre-dhIre ye dhamaniyAM banda hotI jAtI haiM / pariNAmasvarUpa aise vyaktiyoM ko hRdaya roga ho jAtA hai| peTa meM alsara bhI ho sakatA hai| dhUmrapAna eka prakAra se apane hI zarIra ke aMgoM se kI gaI krUra hiMsA ke samAna hai| phephar3e ke Utaka bIr3I-sigareTa ke dhueM meM ghuTa kara naSTa ho jAte hai / jo bacate hai una para ghAva ho jAte haiM aura kAlikha jamatI jAtI hai| jisa prakAra lakar3I jalAne vAle cUlhe kI rasoI meM 20-25 sAla meM kAlikha kI moTI parata jama jAtI hai, usI prakAra phephar3oM meM bhI sigareTa-bIr3I ke dhuMeM se kAlikha jama jAtI hai jo vAtAvaraNa se lI gayI oNksIjana ke phephar3oM dvArA zarIra meM praveza ke chidra banda kara detI hai tathA phephar3oM meM nAjuka uttaka jala kara naSTa ho jAte hai / isa avasthA meM rogI ko zvAsa lene meM kaThinAI hone lagatI hai /

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI dhUmrapAna 'kyoM aura kaise chor3eM? kisI bhI samaya jardA-dhUmrapAna chor3ane se nimna lAbha hoMge : * hRdaya roga kI saMbhAvanA kama hogI / * - roga kama hogA tathA isameM phAyadA hogA / * nimoniyA, TI.bI. va alsara jaise khataranAka rogoM kI saMbhAvanA kama hogI / * Apake baccoM ko Apa ke dvArA dhUmrapAna karane se hone vAlI bImAriyAM nahIM hogI / * kaiMsara kI saMbhAvanA ghaTa jAegI / * yauna kSamatA meM kAphI vRddhi hogI / icchA zakti jardA - dhUmrapAna chor3ane meM sabase Avazyaka hai aura binA pakke irAde ke jardA - dhUmrapAna chor3ane kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI / lekina icchA-zakti vikasita karane meM jardA - dhUmrapAna ke ghAtaka prabhAvoM kI sahI jAnakArI kI eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai / eka cikitsaka bImArI ke samaya rogI ko isa prakAra kI jAnakArI dekara rogI kA mAnasa jardA - dhUmrapAna ke kuprabhAvoM kI ora AkarSita kara sakatA hai / loga jardA - dhUmrapAna kyoM zurU karate haiM? dhUmrapAna kI zurUAta aksara bacapana meM hotI hai| kaccI umra meM isake adhikatara nausikhie pariNAmoM ke bAre meM anabhijJa rahate haiM / prAya: isakI zurUAta nimna prakAra se hotI hai : * utsukatA, jijJAsA evaM prayoga karane kI lAlasA / * dostoM ko prabhAvita karane ke lie / zvAsa * ghara ke bujurgoM dvArA chor3I sigareTa yA bIr3I ko uThA kara kaza khIMcane kI utsukatA se 1 * dostoM ke sAtha kAma karane ke bAda ArAma karate samaya / 179 * * dAMta ke darda, balagama kI rUkAvaTa, peTa meM gaisa va kabja jaisI bImArI meM ArAma ke lie kucha loga jardA- dhUmrapAna kI zurUAta karate hai / aksara grAmINa kSetroM meM mehamAna ko hukkA yA bIr3I pilAnA sAmAnya ziSTAcAra mAnA jAtA hai| kAphI loga isa sAmAjika calana se dhUmrapAna zurU karate haiN|

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180 jaina darzana aura vijJAna dhUmrapAna kaise bhI zurU ho, kucha mahInoM yA sAloM meM lata yA naze meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| loga jardA-dhUmrapAna jArI kyoM rakhate haiM? mukhyatayA loga nimnalikhita kAraNoM se dhUmrapAna jArI rakhate haiM : eka Adata zaukiyA zurU kiyA gayA jardA-dhUmrapAna dhIre-dhIre Adata bana jAtA hai, tathA dinacaryA ke kisI kArya se jur3a jAtA hai| zauca karate vakta, bhojana karane ke bAda, kAphI mehanata karane ke bAda, kucha samaya ke lie vizrAma karate samaya aadi| ye kucha udAharaNa haiM jinameM jardA-dhUmrapAna kA eka Adata kI taraha dinacaryA meM samAveza hotA hai| yadi Adata ko zurU meM nahIM rokA jAe to yaha lata bana jAtI hai| eka rivAja purAne samaya se hI dhUmrapAna samAja meM eka mahattvapUrNa rivAja rahA hai| Aja bhI kaI gharoM meM mehamAna-nabAjI ke lie bIr3I-sigareTa, hukkA yA cilama peza kI jAtI hai| yahAM taka ki samAja meM kisI kA hukkA-pAnI banda karane kA muhAvarA usake bahiSkAra ke lie prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| aham ke lie ____ pAna kI dukAna para khar3e adA se kaza lenA, nicalA hoMTha Age karake dhueM ke challe nikAlanA, muMha meM sigareTa dabA kara skUTara calAnA, muMha meM sigareTa rakha bephrikI, lAparavAhI manamaujIpana yA dhAkar3a vyaktitva dikhAnA, Adi aisI gatividhiyAM haiM jo ki aham kI tuSTi karatI hai| eka nazA lagAtAra dhUmrapAna karane se nazA ho jAtA hai tathA jaba kabhI dhUmrapAna na kiyA jAe to bahuta se zArIrika kaSTa prakaTa hone lagate haiN| aisI sthiti meM dhUmrapAna yA to sakArAtmaka bhAva jaise joza, Ananda yA sustAne ke lie yA nakArAtmaka bhAva jaise cintA, har3abar3I, becainI ko kama karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| manuhAra kaI loga manuhAra ke kacce hote haiN| svayaM bIr3I-sigareTa chor3a dete haiM, kintu kisI ne manuhAra kI nahIM ki phaurana phira zurU kara jAte haiN|

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 181 cAhane para bhI loga jardA-dhUmrapAna kyoM nahIM chor3a pAte? Adata evaM naze ke vazIbhUta ho cAhane para bhI loga jardA-dhUmrapAna nahIM chor3a pAte evaM isa lata ke duSpariNAmoM kI ora AMkha mUMda lete haiN| dhUmrapAna ke sAtha praviSTa hone vAle dhueM se jo nukasAna zarIra meM hotA hai, yadi AMkhoM se use dekhanA saMbhava hotA to dhUmrapAna koI nahIM krtaa| lekina viDambanA yaha hai ki jaba isa nukasAna se hone vAlI lakSaNa ubharane lagate haiM taba taka zarIra meM bImArI jar3e jamA kara asAdhya hone lagatI hai| kyA koI aisI cIja hai jo jardA-dhUmrapAna chUr3A sake? pakkA irAdA hI jardA-dhUmrapAna chur3A sakatA hai, anya koI cIja yA jAdU aisA nahIM hai jo yaha kAma kara skeN| kucha loga dhUmrapAna chor3a jardA yA tambAkU khAnA zurU karate haiN| lekina kucha loga dhUmrapAna banda kara lagAtAra jardA khAne lagate haiN| isase koI vizeSa lAbha nahIM hotA, kyoMki hRdaya va peTa kI bImAriyAM jarde ke kAraNa bhI utanI hI hotI haiN| jardA-dhUmrapAna kaise chor3A jAe? prathama caraNa : chor3ane se pahale nimna praznoM kA uttara soca kara likhie(a) maiMne jardA-dhUmrapAna kyoM zurU kiyA? (ba) maiM jardA-dhUmrapAna kyoM karatA huuN| (sa) maiM jardA-dhUmrapAna kyoM chor3anA cAhatA hUM? adhikatara aisA dekhA gayA hai ki a aura ba kA uttara eka nahIM hotA hai| yadi aisA hotA hai to kahIM Apa jardA-dhUmrapAna kA sevana majabUrI meM to nahIM kara rahe hai? dvitIya caraNa : jahAM taka ho sake apane sAtha jardA-dhUmrapAna lene vAle dosta yA sahakarmI ko bhI jardA-dhUmrapAna chor3ane ke lie prerita kareM aura sAtha-sAtha tambAkU-tyAga kA nizcaya kreN| do dosta yadi eka sAtha tambAkU se chuTakArA pAne kI ceSTA kareM, to jyAdA pakke irAde se jardA-dhUmrapAna chor3a sakate haiM, aura inheM tyAgane se zurU meM hone vAlI vyAkulatA kA adhika dRr3hatA se sAmanA kara sakate haiN| (parivArajanoM ko cAhie ki jardA-dhUmrapAna banda karane vAle vyakti ko protsAhita kareM, usakA manobala bddh'aaeN)|

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182 jaina darzana aura vijJAna tRtIya caraNa 0 jardA-dhUmrapAna ekadama chor3ane kA saMkalpa kareM, kama karane kA nhiiN| jardA-dhUmrapAna kama karane se koI khAsa lAbha nahIM hogA, balki yaha Apake tambAkU banda karane ke irAde ko kamajora kregaa| 0 jardA-dhUmrapAna chor3ane kA kisI nizcita dina kA saMkalpa kreN| ___ tyauhAra kA dina, bacce kA janma-dina yA kisI dina devAlaya meM jAkara jardA-dhUmrapAna chor3ane kI pratijJA kreN| isa prakAra tambAkU adhika dRr3ha nizcaya ke sAtha chor3I jA sakatI haiM, kyoMki inase jur3A bhAvanAtmaka lagAva Apako pratijJA-pUrti meM madada karatA hai| caturtha caraNa : Atma-vizvAsa rakhie kI Apa pratijJA pUrI kreNge| jardA-dhUmrapAna ko tilAMjali dene ke bAda rojAnA likhie ki kyA phAyade Apa mahasUsa karate haiM; jaise : 0 muMha se badabU nahIM aanaa| 0 balagama kama aanaa| 0 khAMsI meM kmii| do mahIne meM do-tIna kilo vajana bar3hanA (yAnI bIr3I, sigareTa ApakA zarIra itanA jalAtI thiiN|) yadi pUrI koziza ke bAvajUda jardA-dhUmrapAna na chor3a pAeM to isa prakAra ke tarIke apanAeM jinase inakI mAtrA kama ho, jaise dAyeM hAtha se bIr3I sigareTa pIne kI bajAya bAeM hAtha se pInA, bIr3I yA sigareTa ko paoNlIthIna ke baiga meM rabara baiMDa se bAMdha kara rakhanA, eka hI brAMDa kI sigareTa pInA, khuda kharIda kara na pInA, ghara para nahIM pInA, aadi| jardA-dhUmrapAna chor3ane se hone vAlI vyAkulatA yA dhUmrapAna talaba kA kyA samAdhAna hai? 0 ise nakArie tathA jardA-dhUmrapAna chor3ane se hone vAle phAyadoM kI bAta socie| 0 socie ki dhUmrapAna se Apako hI nahIM balki bIbI, baccoM ko bhI kitanA khatarA hai|

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 183 0 svayaM ko yAda dilAiye ki yaha Apa ke Atma-vizvAsa kI parIkSA kA samaya hai| 0 apane ko adhika se adhika vyasta rkhie| 0 muMha meM ilAyacI yA sauMpha rkhie| 0 lambe, gahare zvAMsa andara-bAhara lekara ekAgratA se mana hI mana doharAie, "maiM kabhI tambAkU sevana nahIM karUMgA, jardA-dhUmrapAna nahIM luuNgaa|'' isase manobala ko dRr3hatA milatI hai| prekSAdhyAna ke prayoga se bhI jardA-dhUmrapAna chor3ane se hone vAlI vyAkulatA para niyaMtraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 0 vicAra kIjie-kucha loga mahinoM taka upavAsa rakha lete haiM, kaI dina khAe-pIe nikAla dete haiM, kyA maiM unase kamajora hUM? 0 jaba bhI jardA-bIr3I, sigareTa yA tambAkU dekheM, apane baccoM ko yAda kIjie kyoMki tambAka Apake baccoM se unake pitA ko hamezA ke lie chIna sakatI hai| bIr3I yA sigareTa kA hara kaza nikoTIna kI mAtrA dimAga meM pahuMcAtA hai, jisase dimAga kI kozikAeM nikoTIna ke prabhAva meM AtI haiM aura lagAtAra sevana ke bAda nikoTIna dAsa ho jAtI haiN| kyA Apa apane dimAga ko nikoTIna kI gulAmI meM rakhanA pasanda kareMge? kyA Apa kA Atmabala aura svAbhimAna majabUta nahI ki isa gulAmI ko chor3a sakeM? (4) madyapAna-varjana madyapAna aura mAMsAhAra kA bhagavAna mahAvIra tIvra pratirodha karate haiN| vaha kevala ahiMsA kI dRSTi se hI nahIM apitu usase manuSya kI vRttiyAM bhI bigar3atI haiN| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki Aja ye pravRtiyAM bar3ha rahI haiM, para jisa mAtrA meM ye pravRtiyAM bar3ha rahI haiM usI mAtrA meM samasyAeM bhI bar3ha rahI haiN| dI ohiyA sTeTa yunivarsiTI ke zrI vaoNlTara sI. reklesa ne apanI pustaka 'The Crime Problem' meM madyapAna para sAMgopAMga adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA-aparAdha se tIna bAteM mukhya rUpa se jur3I huI haiM-zarAba pInA, nazIlI davAiyAM lenA tathA asvAbhAvika yaun-bhaavnaa| isake sAtha vezyA-gamana, juA, parivAra kA bikharAva, garbhapAta, bhikhArIpana Adi aneka samasyAeM jur3I huI haiM, para kadAcit zarAba ina sArI samasyAoM se pramukha rUpa se jur3I huI hai| yadyapi yaha to sambhAvanA nahIM hai ki aparAdha ke lie kevala zarAba ko hI uttaradAyI ThaharA diyA jaae| para phira bhI usameM zarAba kA eka mahattvapUrNa bhAga hai,

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184 jaina darzana aura vijJAna isame koI saMdeha nahI hai / para yaha saca hai ki zarAba aura arAjakatA ke bIca eka gaharA sambandha hai| zarAbI AdamI apane sAmAjika dAyitva ke prati udAsIna rahatA hai| vaha ausata AdamI kI tulanA meM jyAdA aparAdha karatA hai / madyapAna aura aparAdha amarIkA kI eka jAMca samiti ne 12 rAjyoM ke 27 kArAgaroM aura sudhAra gRhoM meM 13402 baMdiyoM kA parIkSaNa kara yaha tathya nikAlA hai ki unameM se 50 pratizata se adhika aparAdha saMyamahInatA ke kAraNa kiye gaye the / aura vaha saMyamahIna sIdhA zarAba se jur3I huI thI / sTainaphorDa vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara DaoN. josepha kehana kI pustaka 'Behind the Sins of Murder' ke anusAra hatyA ke Adhe kesa kevala zarAba ke kAraNa hote haiM / siTI korTa ke nyAyAdhIza zrI grelinara ne apane sAmane Aye 10,000 mAmaloM kI chAnabIna karane ke bAda batAyA ki unakA 92 pratizata kAraNa zarAba hI thA / nyAyAdhIza zrI viliyama Ara. maike ne nezanala vAyasa ( 6 mArca 1947) meM likhA thA-dasa varSa taka praoNsikyuTiMga eTaoNrnI evaM itanI avadhi taka myunisipala evaM suprIma korTa- pIThoM kA kAma karane ke uparAnta merA suvicArita mata hai ki jo bhI vyakti phaujadArI adAlata ke sammukha sunavAI ke lie upasthita hote haiM unameM se 90 pratizata mAdaka zarAba ke atyadhika upayoga ke kAraNa pratyakSa rUpa se svayaM hI aise mAmaloM meM lipta hote haiM / kuyAhogA kAunTI, ohiyA ne kvInalaiMDa meM vistRta jAMca karane ke bAda apane prativedana meM kahA - hamArI kAryavidhi meM hameM DakaitiyoM ke mAmaloM ke sambandha meM jo vipula sAkSiyAM peza kI gayIM, unase pratidhvanita hotA hai ki zarAba kA usameM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha hI vaha sthAna hai jahAM DakaitiyoM kA udbhava hotA hai| Aga lagAnA, seMdha mAranA, yauna aparAdha, golI calAnA, churA bhoMkanA, nara-hatyA, dhokhAdhar3I gopanIya hathiyAra rakhanA, mArapITa evaM vAhana sambandhI kAnUna kA ullaMghana bhI usI meM zAmila hai nyUjarsI rAjya kI madyasArayukta peya niyaMtraNa rAjya Ayukta pheDarika barnesTa ne apane bhASaNa meM kahA thA - anAdikAla se pulisa kI cAra samasyAeM rahI haiM- anaitikatA, juA, mAdaka dravya aura zarAba /

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 185 laoNsa eMjilsa kAuNTI ke supIriyara korTa ke jaja viliyama Ara. maike ne kahA hai- nyAyAlaya meM peza hone vAle aparAdha ke 10 mAmaloM meM 9 aise hote haiM jo pratyakSata: zarAba ke aMdhAdhundha upayoga kI dena hote haiM / 1 madyapAna ke adhyayana meM navIna pravRttiyoM ke lekhaka e. AI. mAlakoima ne apanI riporTa meM batAyA hai - sAmAnya janasaMkhyA kI tulanA meM madyapoM kI Atma-hatyA kI dara 58 gunA adhika hotI hai / amerikA meM aparAdhitA ke adhyayana meM citrita AMkar3oM meM batAyA gayA hai - 1967 meM piyakkar3a sthiti meM baMdI banAye gae logoM kI saMkhyA 1696280 thI / surApAna kara vAhana calAne ke Aropa meM baMdI banAye gae vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA 248912 thI, surApAna ke prabhAva se aniyaMtrita vyavahAra karanevAle baMdiyoM kI saMkhyA 495784 thI / kula milAkara 21, 40,976 kI yaha kula saMkhyA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki vahAM kI kula baMdiyoM kI saMkhyA meM eka-tihAI se lekara AdhI saMkhyA madyapAna se sambandhita logoM kI thI / yauna aparAdhoM meM 60 pratizata, corI-cakArI meM 65 pratizata, jAlasAjI meM 66 pratizata, oNTocorI meM 68 pratizata, balAtkAra meM 39 pratizata, sedhamArI meM 70 pratizata, lUTamAra meM 74 pratizata, hatyAoM meM 79 pratizata, jAna-bUjhakara golI calAne meM 83 pratizata, sAmAnya prahAra meM 85 pratizata, hathiyAra sambandhI aparAdhoM meM 85 pratizata, jeba kATane ke 93 pratizata aparAdhoM meM zarAba kA hAtha hai / 'lisana' nAmaka patrikA meM 233 jajoM ke anumAnoM kA sarvekSaNa karane ke bAda pAyA gayA ki giraphtAra kie vyaktiyoM meM se 63 pratizata kA zarAba se lagAva rahA hai / ina saba se eka bAta nirvivAda rUpa se ubharatI hai ki madyapAna aura aparAdha kA colI-dAmana kA sambandha hai / surApAna se AdamI krUra, krodhI evaM pramAdI bana jAtA hai| usake lie jIvana bahuta sastA ho jAtA hai / vaha na kevala apanI hI hAni kara letA hai apitu dUsaroM kI hatyA karane meM bhI use koI saMkoca nahIM rahatA / jaba koI vyakti zarAba ke naze meM hotA hai to vaha sabhI prakAra ke aparAdha aura vibhinna staroM para uttaradAyitvahIna vyavahAra karane lagatA hai| kaI jagaha para pAyA gayA hai ki anya aparAdhoM se jitane vyakti jela jAte haiM, zarAba ke naze meM dhutta hokara jela jAne vAloM kI saMkhyA usase jyAdA hai| avaidha gavividhiyoM meM anurakta vyaktiyoM meM zarAba pIne ke bAda mithyA sAhasa kI bhAvanA udbhava hotI hai| aise logoM ko bhayAnaka kAma karane ke lie zarAba pilAI jAtI hai| zarAba aise vyaktiyoM ko bhI ucita - anucita meM bheda - rekhA

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186 jaina darzana aura vijJAna khIMcane meM vivekahIna banA detI hai jo ucca siddhAntoM ko mAnane vAle hote hai / madyapAna ke pariNAmasvarUpa ve apanI bhAvanAoM para niyaMtraNa kho dete haiN| yadi ve madyapAna nahIM karate to kadApi aparAdha nahIM karate, para madyapAna ke bAda ve apanA ApA kho dete haiM / vAstava meM vaha sahI aura galata meM viveka na kara pAne ke kAraNa hotA hai / aisI sthiti kI tulanA DhalAna meM calatI huI gAr3I ke breka phela ho jAne se kI jA sakatI hai / madyapAna aura vezyAvRti yauna aparAdhoM evaM vyaktigata hiMsA ke mAmaloM meM bhI zarAba ko hI mukhya preraNA ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai / vezyAvRti evaM madyapAna ke bIca gahana sambandha hai / bAlakoM ke sAtha yauna aparAdha meM lipta hone vAle vyakti prAyaH surApAyI hote haiM / ve jitanI mAtrA meM zarAba adhika pIte haiM, usI mAtrA meM aparAdha bhI tIvratA se karate haiM 1 surApAna ko vaidha kara dene kA hI eka bar3A abhizApa vezyAvRti hai / isakA sambandha adhikatara madirAlayoM se hai / kyoMki sar3akoM para ghUmane vAle loga apanA dhandhA calAne ke lie surApAna ke sthaloM meM praveza karate haiM / katipaya madya pratiSThAna to mAtra kAmavAsanA kI pUrti ke hI aDDe hote haiM jahAM vezyAoM se samparka hI ekamAtra lakSya hotA hai / jiyona hairAlDa nAmaka samAcAra-patra meM vizama hajarabseMka ne likhA hai - madirAlaya abAdha svAtaMtrya ke dinoM kI apekSA hajAroM guNA adhika vighAtaka aura vinAzaka siddha ho rahe haiM / hamAre yuvakoM ko pathabhraSTa karane ke lie upavana hI zarAba sthala nahIM raha gaye hai, apitu unake sAtha-sAtha vezyAlaya bhI sar3akoM para hI basa gaye I haiM / vezyAlayoM ke sAtha zArIrika svAsthya kisa hada taka jur3A huA hai, ise batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| hajAroM-hajAroM hI nahIM, lAkhoM-karor3oM loga apane gupta rogoM kA upahAra vezyAlayoM se hI prApta karate haiM / vinkonsina rAjya vidhAnamaNDala ne 1914 meM mahilAoM meM vezyAvRtti Adi kI jAMca ke lie eka samiti niyukta kI thI / usane apane prativedana meM batAyA hai ki mahilAoM aura yuvatiyoM ke patana, mAdaka peya, zarAba aura vyAvasAyika durAcAra ke bIca eka gahana sambandha hai / sabhI vizeSajJa isa tathya se sahamata haiM ki bAla- aparAdha tathA avaidha saMtAnoM kI upaja kA mukhya aDDA surAgRha hI hote hai / 90 pratizata avaidha santAneM una paricayoM kA hI pariNAma hotI haiM jo madirAlayoM meM hotA hai| sahAyaka kAuNTI aTaoNrnI lyusiena selavAre ke anusAra aise mAmale se saMbaMdhita yuvaka yuvatiyoM kI

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 187 umra 16-22 varSa ke bIca kI pAyI gayI hai| DaoN. hIle ne kahA hai-laghumAtrA meM kiyA jAne vAlA surApAna bhI kizora-yuvatiyoM ko cAritrika dRSTi se girA detA hai| aneka khojoM se yaha bAta atyanta spaSTa ho gayI hai ki surApAna kI avasthA meM mahilAeM apanA viveka kho detI haiN| madyapAna aura talAka talAka-sambandhI mAmaloM ke sambandha meM apane anubhava batAte hue zrI maike ne kahA-dina-pratidina pati-patnI meM matabheda se paidA hone vAlI katAra mere samakSa AtI hai, usameM 75 pratizata mAmaloM meM zarAba ne hI jhaMjhaTa prAraMbha karavAyA hai jisane talAka ke lie kAryavAhI ko Avazyaka banA diyaa| maiM yaha dekhakara vizeSa rUpa se dravita huA hUM ki mahilAoM meM bhI surApAna kI lata bar3hatI jA rahI hai| vastuta: yaha pratyeka dRSTi se naitika parAbhava kI hI paricAyaka hai| isase bAlakoM ko bhI aparAdha karane kA pratyakSa bar3hAvA milatA hai; kyoMki zarAbI mAtAeM baccoM ke prati upekSAzIla ho jAtI haiN| unakA samaya madirAlaya ke cakkara lagAne meM hI bItane lagatA hai| madyapAna aura garbhastha zizu ____ aba yaha bAta spaSTa ho gayI hai ki garbhavatI nArI yadi atyadhika zarAba piye to garbhastha bacce meM vikRti A sakatI hai| yaha bAta kevala atyadhika zarAba pIne vAlI mahilAoM para hI lAgU nahIM hotI apitu kama mAtrA meM kabhI-kabhI dina meM eka-do bAra kar3I zarAba pIne vAlI mahilAoM para bhI lAgU hotI hai| amerikA meM yU. esa. nezanala iMsTITyUTa oNpha alkohalIka abyUja eNDa alkohalijmane apanI zodha meM batAyA hai-pratidina eka-do auMsa vizuddha alkohala yadi garbhavatI nArI letI hai to usake bacce ke vikAsa meM asAmAnyatA A jAtI hai yA janmajAta vikRti A jAtI hai| anumAna hai ki amerikA meM skUla meM par3hane vAle 50 se 70 lAkha baccoM meM buddhi sambandhI koI-na-koI vikAra hai| zodha karane para patA calA hai ki unakI mAtAeM garbhAvasthA meM zarAba pItI thIM: kyoMki zarAba mAM ke rakta meM pahaMcakara garbhagata bacce kI raktadhArA meM mila jAtI hai| jaba mAM naze kI hAlata meM hotI hai to garbhavasthA meM baccA bhI naze kI ho jAtA hai| yaha sthiti usake lie bar3I bhayAnaka hotI hai; kyoMki usake yakRta kA pUrA-pUrA vikAsa nahIM hotaa| vayaska AdamI kA yakRta 28 mi. lI. zarAba kA upApacaya eka ghaNTe meM kara sakatA hai| bhrUNa kA avikasita yakRta isa kArya ko bar3I dhImI gati se kara pAtA hai| ata: bacce taka pahuMcane vAlA alkohala garbhanAla meM apavistRta ho jAtA hai| jaba mAM ke rakta meM alkohala kI mAtrA nIce utaregI

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188 jaina darzana aura vijJAna tabhI vaha bacce ke usa atirikta alkohala ko vApasa le skegii| ata: mAM yadi 28 mi. lI. se adhika zarAba pItI hai to asahAya bacce ko ati dIrghakAla taka use apane rakta meM roke rakhanA par3atA hai| para mAM yadi pItI hI jAe, to bacce meM bar3I tIvra pratikriyA nizcaya hI hogii| __ abhI taka yaha batAnA kaThina hai ki kisa kAla meM garbhAvasthA meM zarAba kA duSprabhAva sabase adhika hotA hai| para itanA nizcita hai ki yadi mAM kI icchA ho ki usakA baccA svastha ho, usakA kada choTA na ho, cehAra vikRta na ho, AMkheM choTI na ho, nAka kA UparI hissA dabA huA na ho, hRdaya tathA phuphphusa nirdoSa ho, hAtha-paira kurUpa na hoM, mastiSka adhika moTA na ho, use raktacApa na ho, snAyu-durbalatA na ho to use zarAba se dUra se hI namaskAra karanA caahie| itanA hI nahIM, madyapAyI mAtAoM ke bacce prAya: mara jAte haiN| jIvita raha jAeM to unakA vajana kama hotA hai| madyapAna aura bAla-aparAdha maike, blaikara, Demona aura kaile ne apane-apane adhyayana se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki bAla-aparAdhoM aura surApAna kA gahana sambandha hai| 1965 meM kailiphorniyA ke rAjakIya bAla-sudhAragRhoM meM praviSTa 60,147 bAlakoM kA adhyayana kara zrI ricArDa ne patA lagAyA hai ki unameM se 20 pratizata kA aparAdhoM se sambandha rahA hai| unameM se aneka madyapAna ke Adi the| 18 apraila 1968 ke rUsa ke pramukha samAcAra-patra 'pravAdA' se patA lagatA hai ki rUsa meM bhI baccoM meM madyapAna kI Adata bar3ha rahI hai| 14 se 16 varSa kI Ayu ke aneka kizoroM dvArA kiye gaye aparAdhoM kA ekamAtra kAraNa zarAba pInA hI thaa| use pIne ke lie unhoMne corI kI aura puna: pIne ke lie puna: corI karanI pdd'ii| phira to unake jIvana meM yaha eka cakra hI bana gyaa| lisana' patrikA ke sampAdaka je. e. vakavAlTara ne vAziMgaTana rAjakIya panTiziyarI meM rakhe gaye 200 baccoM kA adhyayana kara yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki unameM 189 madyapAyI the| zarAba aura svAsthaya eka bAra hama darzana aura tarka ko chor3a deM, naitikatA aura samAja-vyavasthA ko bhI bhUla jAyeM to bhI zarAba manuSya ke svayaM ke svAsthya ke lie kitanI bhayAnaka hai, isa para jarA dhyAna deN| svAsthya-samasyAoM meM hRdaya-roga aura kaiMsara ke bAda tIsarA sthAna zarAba ke durvyasana kA hai|

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 189 ___ zarAba zarIra aura mana para kitane bhayaMkara prabhAva DAlatI hai, isakI jAnakArI ke lie cikitsA-vyavasthA meM lage logoM, vaijJAnikoM, manovaijJAnikoM, manoroga-vizeSajJoM, zarIrakriyA evaM auSadhi vijJAna-vettAoM kI rAya mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| isa dRSTi se amerikA meM Ayojita mAnasa-cikitsaka aura nAr3I-tantra vizeSajJoM ke rASTrIya sammelana kA prastAva atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| unhoMne kahA hai-isa sammelana kI sammati meM yaha nizcita rUpa se siddha ho cukA hai ki zarIra ke bhItara lI gayI zarAba mastiSka aura anya tantuoM ke lie viSa ke rUpa meM kAma karatI hai| isake prabhAva se pratyakSa rUpa se pAgalapana, mugI, mana kI durbalatA aura anya isI prakAra kI aneka mAnasika bImAriyAM AtI haiN| ___ sTrAsabarga meM Ayojita iNTaranezanala phijIolaoNjikala kAMgresa meM auSadhi-nirmANa vibhAga ke DAkTara oTaToM zmeidaravarga ne apane nibandha meM kahA thA-zarAba klorophArma aura Ithara kI taraha avasAdaka hai| isake samparka se vyakti ke zarIra ke pratyeka tantu kI zakti nirbala ho jAtI hai| ___ iMglaiNDa meM pAgalapana para niyuktaka mIzana kI riporTa meM kahA gayA hai ki pAgalapana ke viSAkta kAraNa kI sUcI meM zarAba mukhya hai| sArvajanika svAsthya sevAoM ke sarjana janarala DAkTara thaoNmasa pAIna ne bhI kahA hai-pAgalapana kA mukhya kAraNa zarAba hai| alkohala eNDa alkohalijma pustaka ke pRSTha 14 para likhA hai-atyadhika zarAba pIne kI vajaha se prativarSa kaI miliyana DAlara kharca ho jAte hai| mAnavIya kaSTa kA mUlya to kisI prakAra nahIM AMkA jA sktaa| hviskI, brAMDI Adi zarAba sambandhI vizeSa kAr3he hue peya jaba peTa meM DAle jAte haiM taba jigara, choTI AMta aura choTI nasoM dvArA madyasAra zIghratA se rakta kI sahAyatA se zarIra ke saba bhAgoM meM pahuMca jAtA hai| muzkila se hI koI zarAba bar3I aMtar3iyoM taka pahuMcatI hai| bhojana-rahita peTa meM aMtar3iyoM dvArA madyasAra ko zIghratA se apane meM khapA lenA asAdhAraNa gati se hotA hai| 10 se 30 minaTa ke bhItara yaha rakta meM uccastara taka pahuMcatI jAtI hai| jisa mAtrA meM zarAba lI jAtI hai usI mAtrA meM usakA pariNAma aura yaha hAni pahuMcAtI hai| prabala zarAba kA peTa ke sAtha samparka hone se vahAM sUjana ho jAtI hai, jisase pAcaka-yantroM ko sthAyI rUpa se hAni hotI hai| yaha eka prakAra kA pravAhazIla viSa hai jo jigara, dila aura gurdo ko kSati pahuMcAtA hai| isase peTa meM dIrghakAlIna sUjana ho jAtI hai| zarAba kA peTa para jo sIdhA uttejaka prabhAva par3atA hai vaha mukhyata: rakta ke jamA aura saMkucita ho jAne kA hai| kabhI-kabhI isase peTa meM phor3e ho jAte haiN|

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190 jaina darzana aura vijJAna pratidina Adatana zarAba pIne se peTa ke andara sUjana rahane lagatI hai| purAne madyapAyI vAtanAr3I zotha, mastiSka-jvara, camar3I phaTane kA roga, raktAlpatA Adi aneka bImAriyoM se ghira jAte haiN| vaijJAnika khojoM se patA lagA hai ki dIrghakAla taka madya pIne se hRdaya kI naseM bekAra ho jAtI haiN| isase aneka prakAra ke vikAra prakaTa ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra madyapAna se apratyakSa rUpa se gurde para bhI bhArI prabhAva par3atA hai| zarAbI ke mUla-amla kA nikalanA kama ho jAtA hai, jisase mUtra ke raktasAroM meM kamI ho jAtI hai| usase meganeziyama kI bhI kamI ho jAtI hai| nazIle peya zarAba Adi kaiMsara ke bhI mukhya kAraNa haiN| una samasta dezoM meM jahAM zarAba adhika pI jAtI hai, kaiMsara kA prasAra adhika hai| yakRta (liver) zarIra meM praviSTa viSoM ko nikAlane meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna detA hai| madAtyaya (over-intoxication) se zarIra kI kozikAeM asAmAnya rUpa se viSAkta bana jAtI haiM, jinheM nirviSa banAne ke lie yakRta ko atirikta zrama karanA par3atA hai| isa prakAra madAtyaya se mastiSka aura yakRta ko apUraNIya kSati hotI hai| yuvAvasthA meM mauta taka ho sakatI hai| savAla hotA hai-zarAba se jaba itanA nukasAna hai to loga isakA prayoga kyoM karate haiM? isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sAdhAraNa AdamI samajhatA hai ki zarAba pIne se vaha cintAoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| aisA kevala bImAra AdamI hI nahIM samajhate haiM apitu dina bhara kI mehanata se thakA huA hara AdamI yahI socatA hai| para yaha bAta dhyAna rakhane kI hai ki naze se na to zakti AtI hai aura na usase cintAeM miTatI hai; apitu naze ke bAda kAryakSamatA tathA cintAeM aura adhika bar3ha jAtI haiN| alkohala ke lagAtAra sevana se AdamI ke zarIra meM aneka bImAriyAM ghara kara letI haiN| AMkheM jalane lagatI haiM, mitalI-sI Ane lagatI hai, bhUkha khatma ho jAtI hai, thakAvaTa Ane lagatI hai, pasInA jyAdA chUTane lagatA hai, zarIra meM kamkampI zurU hotI hai| AdamI use dUra karane ke lie phira jyAdA zarAba pItA hai| pariNAmata: parezAniyAM bhI bar3hane lagatI haiN| aura AdamI eka duzcakra meM ulajha jAtA hai| ____ suprasiddha briTiza sarjana sara lAuDara bruTana ne kahA hai-zarAba dhIre-dhIre nirNaya ko paMgu banAtI hai, usakA yaha kArya prathama jAma ke sAtha hI prArambha ho jAtA DAkTara kvainasaila kA abhimata hai-madyasArayukta peya kI laghu mAtrA bhI mUtrAzaya kI thailI kI kArya-praNAlI meM bhArI parivartana kara sakatI hai| vicAra ko paMgu

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI banA sakatI hai, anubhUti kI svacchatA meM kamI tathA nirNaya lene kI zakti ko ghaTA sakatI hai| madyapAna aura Ayu iTalI ke prAdhyApaka lombojo ke niSkarSa ke anusAra zarAba mAnava jIvana ko ghaTAne vAlI pramukha cIjoM meM eka hai| madyapAna karane vAlA 20 varSa kI Ayu vAlA vyakti 15 varSa aura jie jaba ki na pIne vAlA 44 varSa jI sakatA hai| aneka bImA kampaniyoM ne zarAba aura mRtyu-sambandha ke bAre meM aneka mahattvapUrNa adhyayana prastuta kiye haiN| meDikala ekerila morTalarI invesTigezana ke kendrIya byUro ke adhyakSa ne 25 varSoM taka 20 lAkha logoM ke jIvana-vRttoM ke sambandha meM eka jAMca kA pariNAma dete hue kahA hai-yaha sunizcita hai ki madyapAyiyoM kI apekSA madyapAna na karane vAle 50 varSa adhika jIte haiN| kAnekTIkaTa myucyuala ke adhyakSa jaikaba grIne kA kathana hai-maiM isa bahu pracalita dhAraNA kA virodha karatA hUM ki bIyara hAnirahita hai| yadi zarAbamukta logoM kI mRtyu-saMkhyA 100 hai to yadA-kadA pIne vAloM kI mRtyu saMkhyA 122, saMyamita pIne vAloM kI mRtyu-saMkhyA 142 tathA niyamita pIne vAloM kI mRtyu-saMkhyA 212 hai| itanA hI nahIM, zarAba ke dhaMdhe meM lipta vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu-dara bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| yaha saba kucha hote hue bhI Aja madyapAna kA pravAha bar3ha rahA hai| jahAM pahale nazAbaMdI kA kAnUna thA vaha samApta kara diyA hai| isake pIche zarAba-prasArakoM ke vyApaka vijJApana abhiyAna eka mukhya bhUmikA nivAhate hai| isase logoM para manovaijJAnika asara hotA hai aura madyapAna ke prati anaitikatA kI dhAraNA TUTa gayI hai| Aja to surApAna sabhya-samAja meM sAmAjika stara kA paricAyaka samajhA jAne lagA hai| usake binA atithi-satkAra bhI adhUrA samajhA jAtA hai| sAmAjika utsava Adi meM Ajakala madyapAna ke lie logoM ko vivaza kiyA jAtA hai| bahuta loga icchA na hote hue bhI kevala majAka ke pAtra banane ke Dara se inakAra nahIM krte| para bahuta loga cAhakara vaisA karate haiN| ve nahIM jAnate ki madyapAna-sevana unheM mAnasika parAvalambitA tathA atyanta khataranAka durvyasana kI ora tejI se dhakela rahA hai| vijJApana karane vAle loga karor3oM rUpaye isa bAta kA prasAra karane meM lagAte haiM ki sImita mAtrA meM zarAba pInA burA nahIM hai| para sImita mAtrA meM madyapAna hI aparimitatA kI ora prathama paga hai| isakA kabhI-kabhI upayoga bhI antata: eka Adata bana jAtI hai| Aja jo loga bhayaMkara piyakkar3a haiM unhoMne bhI zarAba pInA

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192 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kabhI-kabhI pIne se zurU kiyA hogaa| prArambha meM unhoMne yahI socA hogA ki sImita mAtrA meM zarAba pIte haiM yA kabhI-kabhAra pIte haiN| para dhIre-dhIre unake zarIra kA DhAMcA hI aisA bana jAtA hai ki ve peya binA raha hI nahIM skte| vaijJAnika sAkSya isa bAta kA samarthana karatI hai ki kAra-durghaTanAoM meM adhikAMza kA nimita madyapAna hai| yAtAyAta durghaTanAoM meM 51 pratizata kA sambandha zarAba pie hue cAlAkoM yA paricAlakoM se hai| DrAivara ke dvArA madyapAna karane para usake mastiSka para zarAba kA duSprabhAva par3atA hai jisase vaha sahI DhaMga se samanvayana, nirNAyakatA aura prativarSa sahaja kriyA (reflex action) karane meM akSama ho jAtA hai| zarAba pIne kA prabhAva hI yaha hotA hai ki AdamI kI niyaMtraNa-zakti cetanAzUnya ho jAtI hai aura vaha acche-bure meM bheda nahIM kara sktaa| rakta kI dhArA ke mAdhyama se jaba zarAba eka bAra mastiSka meM praviSTa ho jAtI hai to usakA prabhAva Atma-niyaMtraNa tathA nirNaya lene kI zakti para hAvI ho jAtA hai| isalie sImita madyasArayukta peyoM kA prayoga mAtra chalanAmaya siddhAMta hai| sImita mAtrA meM madyapAna hI kabhI na bujhane vAlI zarAba kI zurUAta detA hai| isa dRSTi se halkI nazIlI zarAba kA sevana bhI madyasAra kI Adata kA nimaNi kara detA hai| isalie isa dizA meM bahuta sAvadhAnI rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai| zarIra-zakti ke lie zarAba kA prayoga karanA na to buddhimAnI hai aura na yaha pauSTika khAdya padArtha kA sthAna le sakatI hai| alkohala meM kailorIja to hotI hai para vaha viTAmina, proTIna, lohA Adi pauSTika padArthoM kA sthAna nahIM le sktii| vaha to basa eka cAbuka mAtra hai| ___ yadi hama thor3I-sI AMkheM uThAkara dekheM to hameM apane Asa-pAsa aise aneka udAharaNa mila jAyeMge jinake kAraNa paribAra kA parivA kSata-vikSata ho jAtA hai| nyAyAdhIza e. e. DAvasana (TaiksAsa) ke Akalana ke anusAra yadi mAdaka zarAba kA pInA banda ho jAye to do-tihAI nyAyAlaya samApta ho jaaeN| isake sAtha-sAtha vartamAna kAnUnoM ko lAgU karane meM jitanI rAzi kharca hotI hai usameM bhI 85 pratizata kI bacata ho sakatI hai| Aja karor3oM-araboM rupaye una logoM para kharca kie jAte haiM jo madyapAna kI capeTa meM A jAte haiN| akele amerikA meM 21 varSa kI avasthA se Upara ke aparAdhiyoM para 29 miliyana DAlara kharca hotA hai; jabaki ina aparAdhoM meM adhikAMza ke mUla meM zarAba hI hotI hai| kucha logoM kA tarka hai ki zarAba pInA unakA apanA vyaktigata mAmalA hai| para eka vyakti kA AcaraNa jaba samAja ko prabhAvita karane laga jAtA hai to

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 193 vyaktigata svataMtratA kI sImA samApta ho jAtI hai| zarAba pInA eka vyaktigata mAmalA bhale hI ho, Aja yaha eka sAmAjika rUpa le cukA hai / thor3I-sI pI gayI zarAba bhI audyogika utpAdana kI gati zithila kara detI hai / mAdakatA lAne vAlI zarAba to kisI bhI Adhunika phaikTarI yA kArakhAne ko naSTa-bhraSTa kara sakatI hai / isIlie jepharasana kAunTI alavAyA ke zeripha hosTa mekaDobela kA kahanA hai- merA sadaiva vizvAsa rahA ki yadi koI vyakti kahatA hai ki zarAba pInA usakA adhikAra hai tathA usameM bAdhA DAlane kA kisI ko adhikAra nahIM hai to eka zeripha ke taura para maiM kaha sakatA hUM ki isa mAmale meM dakhala denA eka nAgarika kA paramapAvana kartavya haiM / Aja to naze kI dRSTi se zarAba eka akelI cIja nahIM raha gayI hai apitu bhArata sarakAra dvArA sthApita vizeSajJoM kI eka kameTI ne apanI riporTa 'Draga ebyUja ina iMDiyA' meM nazIlI cIjoM ke nAma isa prakAra ginAye haiM- bhAMga, gAMjA, carasa, petheDIna, mAraphIna, hIroina, kokIna tathA zarAba Adi / jo loga inake adhIna ho jAte haiM; ve bImAra ho jAte haiM / sArI duniyA meM Aja naze kI ye cIjeM drutagati se phaila rahI haiN| thAilaiMDa meM 5 lAkha se adhika vyakti nazIlI davAiyoM ke AdI haiM; jabaki maleziyA meM unakI saMkhyA savA lAkha hai| unameM se 75 pratizata vyakti to hIroina kA istemAla karate haiM / siMgApura tathA hAMgakAMga meM to unakI saMkhyA 80 pratizata ho jAtI hai / isIlie bhagavAn buddha ne kahA thA- ' - "manuSyoM, tuma siMha ke sAmane jAte samaya bhayabhIta na honA kyoMki vaha parAkrama kI parIkSA hai / tuma talavAra ke nIce sira jhukAne se bhayabhIta mata honA kyoMki vaha balidAna kI kasauTI hai / tuma parvata-zikhara para se pAtAla meM kUda par3anA kyoMki yaha tapa kI sAdhanA haiM / tuma bar3hatI huI jvAlAoM se vicalita mata honA, yaha svArtha- parIkSA hai / para zarAba se sadA bhayabhIta rahanA kyoMki yaha pApa aura anAcAra kI jananI hai|" Age unhoMne kahA hai- "jisa rAjA ke rAjya meM surAdevI Adara ko prApta hogI vaha rAjya kAlavedI para naSTa ho jaaegaa| vahAM na auSadhi upajegI, na anAja / " bhArata sarakAra ne bhI apane saMvidhAna meM svIkAra kiyA hai- rAjya apanI janatA ke poSaka bhojana aura jIvana-nirvAha ke stara ko UMcA karane aura sArvajanika svAsthya ke sudhAra ko apane prArambhika kartavyoM meM mukhya samajhegA aura vizeSatayA rAjya vaha prayatna karegA ki nazIle peyoM aura nazIlI davAiyoM ke prayoga kA niSedha kareM /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna (5) bhASA-viveka bhASA-viveka jaina jIvana-zailI ke sAtha jur3A huA eka aisA bindu hai, jo adhyAtma-sAdhanA, vyAvahArika jIvana evaM vyaktitva-nirmANa-ina tInoM dRSTiyoM se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| bhASA kA sIdhA sambandha zabda se hai aura zabda eka aisA bhautika astitva hai jisa para Adhunika vijJAna ke kSetra meM bahuta sUkSmatA se prayoga evaM parIkSaNa hue haiN| prastuta prakaraNa meM bhASA-viveka para tIna dRSTikoNoM se vicAra karanA hai 1. sAdhanA meM bhASA-viveka 2. vyavahArameM bhASA-viveka 3. zakti ke srota rUpa zabda (bhASA) kI mImAMsA ina tInoM para jaina darzana aura vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM hameM carcA karanI hai| zabda bhI : mauna bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra zabda aura mauna donoM ko svIkAra karate haiM aura donoM se hI inakAra karate haiN| vAstava meM mahAvIra kI hara bAta anekAMtavAdI hai| unake hisAba se pratibandhaka zabda nahIM, rAga-dveSa hai| rAga-dveSamukta zabda pratibandhaka nahIM, vimocaka hai| vAstava meM vahI zabda vimocaka hai jo mauna se jur3A huA hai| isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne svayaM sAr3he bAraha varSoM taka mauna kI sAdhanA kii| yadi mauna hI antima bAta hotI to phira ve pravacana nahIM krte| vAstava meM 'avacana' kI sAdhanA se hI vacana 'pravacana' bana sakatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vacana ke lie 'avacana' kI bhUmikA Avazyaka hai| vANI kI zakti vANI eka aisI zakti hai jo eka ora mana kA pratinidhitva karatI hai to dUsarI ora zarIra ko uchAlatI hai| AdamI kisI se lar3atA hai to vANI ke dvArA lar3atA hai| AdamI kisI se prema karatA hai to vANI ke dvArA karatA hai| AdamI kisI ko apanA banAtA hai to vANI ke dvArA hI banAtA hai| AdamI kisI ko virodhI banAtA hai to vANI ke dvArA hI banAtA hai| vANI kI bahuta bar3I zakti hai| muMha se eka bAta nikalatI hai aura sAmane vAle vyaktiyoM ko cAhe so banA detI hai| vANI kI eka aisI zakti hai bhAvanA aura dUsarI zakti hai uccAraNa / uccAraNa ke AdhAra para hI samUce maMtra-zAstra kA vikAsa huA hai| taraMga kA siddhAMta bhI isake sAtha jur3atA hai| Aja vANI para Adhunika khojeM huI haiM, maMtrazAstrIya khojeM

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 195 huI hai| ina khojoM meM tInoM zaktiyoM kI bAta nirNIta huI hai| tInoM bAteM jur3I huI milatI haiN| pahalI bAta hai bhaavnaa| dUsarI bAta hai uccAraNa aura tIsarI bAta hai uccAraNa ke dvArA utpanna vANI kI shkti| uccAraNa ke sAtha-sAtha mastiSka meM taraMga paidA hotI hai| eka zabda kA uccAraNa hotA hai aura alphA-taraMgeM paidA ho jAtI hai, eka zabda kA uccAraNa hotA hai aura theTA taraMgeM paidA ho jAtI hai, bITA taraMgeM paidA ho jAtI haiN| ina taraMgoM ke AdhAra para maMtroM kI kasauTI kI jAtI hai| 'om' kA uccAraNa hotA hai, alphA taraMgeM paidA hotI haiM aura mastiSka rilaiksa ho jAtA hai, zithila ho jAtA hai| jaise-jaise mastiSka kI zithilatA bar3hatI hai, alphA-taraMgeM paidA hotI calI jAtI haiN| zithilana ke lie yaha bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| jitane bhI bIja-maMtra haiM, unase bhinna-bhinna taraMgeM utpanna hotI haiM aura ve mastiSka ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| bIjAkSara haiM- a, si, A, u, sA, arha, om, hI, zrIM, kliiN| ye sAre bIja-maMtra haiN| inase utpanna taraMgeM granthi-saMsthAna ko prabhAvita karatI haiM, anta:sAvI granthiyoM ke srAva ko saMtulita karatI haiN| granthiyoM kA strAva hR' ke uccAraNa se saMtulita ho jAtA haiN| prazna hai. vANI kI zakti kA vikAsa kaise ho? usI azuddhi ko miTAne kA eka upAya hai-'pralambanAdAbhyAsAd vAkya-zuddhi:'-pralaMba nAda ke abhyAsa se vAkya zuddhi hotI hai| dhvani pralaMba hai| mana ke sAtha, bhAvanA ke sAtha sambandha sthApita karane ke lie pralaMbanAda kA abhyAsa mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| yaha uccAraNa kA eka prakAra hai| uccAraNa aneka prakAra ke hote haiM-udAtta, anudAtta, svarita, isva, dIrgha pluta aadi| maMtrazAstra meM isvoccAraNa kA eka prakAra kA lAbha hotA hai, dIrghoccAraNa kA dUsare prakAra kA lAbha hotA hai aura pluto uccAraNa kA bhinna prakAra kA lAbha hotA hai| uccAraNa jitanA lambA hotA hai, UrjA usI ke anupAta meM nirmita hotI hai aura mana ke sAtha usakA sambandha sthApita hotA hai| arha aura om kA lambA uccAraNa hotA hai| sAmaveda meM aneka prakAra kI uccAraNa-paddhatiyoM kA mahattvapUrNa ullekha hai| uccAraNa ke AdhAra para eka-eka maMtra kI hajAra-hajAra zAkhAeM ho jAtI haiN| vANI aura zabdoM kA saMyojana aura uccAraNa hamArI bhAvanA ko prabhAvita karatA hai| vAkyazuddhi kA dUsarA upAya hai-satya kA Alambana / uccAraNa kA viveka kara liyA, taraMgoM ko bhI samajha liyA, kintu usake pIche bhAvanA kA jo bala hai vaha yadi asat hai, asatya hai to saba kucha bigar3a jaaegaa| vacana-siddhi kA sabase bar3A sAdhana hai-sty| jo satyavAdI hotA hai, usake kathana ko koI badala nahIM sktaa| usake kathana ko koI anyathA nahIM kara sktaa| usakI vANI kI taraMgoM meM.

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196 jaina darzana aura vijJAna paramANuoM meM itanI zakti A jAtI hai ki prAkRtika ghaTanA ko vaise hI ghaTanA par3atA hai| eka vyakti meM satya kA, brahmacarya kA itanA bala hotA hai ki prakRti bhI usase prabhAvita hotI hai-bAdala hote haiM to bikhara jAte haiM aura nahIM hoM to bana jAte haiN| aura bhI na jAne kyA-kyA ghaTita ho jAtA hai| satya kI zakti asIma hai| jina vyaktiyoM ne satya kI niSThA banAe rakhI, ve vilamba se bhale hI ho, Age bar3he haiN| yadi satya ke prati aTUTa niSThA hotI hai to usakA acchA pariNAma avazya AtA hai| yadi vAstava meM satya kA prayoga ho to vANI meM bhI apAra zakti A jAtI hai| isase vacanasiddhi hotI hai| mauna kI zakti hama bolane se paricita haiN| bolane kA kyA mUlya hai-ise bhalIbhAMti jAnate hai| hamArA sArA vyavahAra bolane se calatA hai| kintu na bolane kA bhI apanA mUlya hai| jitanA bolane kA mUlya hai utanA hI na bolane kA mUlya hai aura eka avasthA meM zAyada bolane kA mUlya adhika hai| use mUlya ho hameM samajhanA hai| jitanA bhASA kA prayoga adhika hogA, hama adhika boleMge to hamAre antarjJAna meM bAdhA aaegii| caMcalatA bAdhA utpanna karatI hai| bhASA kA pahalA kAma hai caMcalatA utpanna krnaa| bolane se pahale caMcalatA aura bolane ke bAda cNcltaa| jaba hama bolate haiM to sabase pahale mana ko caMcala karanA par3atA hai| yaha sArA caMcalatA kA vyavahAra hai| yaha vyavahAra antarjJAna meM bAdhA upasthita karatA hai| ___ mauna kA eka pariNAma haiN-nirvicaartaa| jaba hama mauna kara lete haiM taba nirvicAratA kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI hai| __nahIM bolane kA dUsarA mUlya hai-vivAda-mukti / mauna ho jAo, vivAda apane Apa samApta ho jaaeNge| 'atRNe patito vahiH, svayameva vinazyati'-Aga jala rahI hai| use khAne ke lie ghAsa nahIM milI, bhojana nahIM milA, to vaha svayaM bujha jAegI, jalegI nhiiN| eka bolatA hai aura dUsarA yadi mauna ho jAtA hai, jo Aga ko ghAsa nahIM milatI, vaha apane Apa zAMta ho jAtI hai, bujha jAtI hai| mauna kA tIsarA lAbha hai-ahN-mukti| nahIM bolane se ahaMkAra samApta ho jAtA hai| bolane se ahaMkAra bar3hatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isIlie kahA-na cittA tAyae bhAsA, kao vijjANusAsaNaM-bhASA hameM trANa nahI detii| nahIM bolane kA eka bahuta bar3A mUlya hai-satya kI surkssaa| avaktavya, anirvacanIya, avyAkRta-o zabda satya kI surakSA karate haiN| eka kahatA hai-asti

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 197 1 arthAt haiN'| dUsarA kahatA hai - nAsti arthAta ' nahIM hai|' donoM kI do dizAeM haiN| vivAda kI sthiti A jAtI hai| mahAvIra ne kahA- jo kahatA hai asti, vaha bhI sahI nahIM hai aura jo kahatA hai nAsti, vaha bhI sahI nahIM hai| donoM galata haiN| donoM sahI taba ho sakate haiM jaba donoM apane-apane kathana ke sAtha apekSA jor3a dete haiM / aura kahate haiM ki isa dRSTi se, isa apekSA se yaha hai aura isa apekSA se yaha nahIM hai - syAdasti, syAnnAsti / jaba syAdasti kahane se bhI kAma nahIM calatA aura syAnnasti kahane se bhI kAma nahIM calatA taba syAd avaktavya kahanA hotA hai| yaha mAnakara calo ki satya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, saMpUrNa satya kahA nahIM jA sakatA / satya kI prakRti, svabhAva hI aisA hai ki vaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| hama jo kahate haiM vaha satya kA eka aMzamAtra hotA hai / hama aMzamAtra kA kathana karake pUre satya ke prati zAyada anyAya hI karate haiM, eka dRSTi se / isa bAta ko mAnakara hI tuma kaho ki pUrA satya kahA nahIM jA sakatA / 1 Aja ke perAsAikolaoNjisTa TelIpaithI kA prayoga karate haiN| TelIpaithI kA artha hai - vicAra - saMpreSaNa / isake lie mAnasika kSamatA ke vikAsa kI jarUrata hotI thI / sAdhaka mAnasika kSamatA ko bar3hAne kA prayatna karate the / hamane bolane kI bahuta A DAlakara mAnasika kSamatA ko kamajora kiyA hai, gaMvAyA hai| yadi hama na bolakara apanI mAnasika kSamatA ko vikasita kareM to aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki binA kahe bhI bAta samajha meM A sakatI hai / 'gurostu maunavyAkhyAnaM ziSyAstu chinnasaMzayA:'- jisa guru kI Atma-zakti prabala hotI hai, vaha mauna baiThatA hai| ziSya Ate haiM, nAnA prakAra ke saMdeha lekr| guru ke pAsa baiThate haiM, guru kI sannidhi prApta karate haiN| unake sAre saMzaya naSTa ho jAte haiM, unakA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| kyoMki vahAM mana bhASA cala rahI hai / mana apanA kAma karatA haiM, saMdeha miTa jAtA hai / bhASA - viveka ke sUtra eka bAta ke karkaza zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai, use hI sarasa tarIke se kahA jA sakatA hai / karkazatA bhASA kI phUhar3atA hai, sarasatA eka sAdhanA hai| pharka tathya kA nahIM, kathya kA hai 1 mana meM yadi karkazatA nahIM hai to bhASA meM karkazatA nahI A sakatI / mana hI yadi karkaza hai to bhASA karkaza hone se nahIM baca sktii| isIlie sAdhaka ko bolate samaya isa bAta kA khyAla rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki vaha karkaza na bole / karkaza kI taraha hI bhASA prayoga kA eka anya rUpa hai kaThora / satya 1. dekheM, isI pustaka kA tIsarA adhyAya, pR. 126 /

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198 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kahanA Avazyaka hai, para use kaThora banAkara kahanA bhASA - viveka kA khaMDana hai / isIlie kahA gayA hai ki-satyaM brU yAt priyaM brU yAt mA brU yAt satyama- priyaM / satya bolo para aisA satya bolo jo priya ho / apriya satya mata bolo / kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI kSaNa AtA hai ki kaThora satya ko bhI prakaTa karanA par3atA hai / para yaha Adata nahIM honI caahie| kaThora satya ko kahane kI bhI sAdhaka kI taiyArI honI caahie| para usake lie use apane mana ko atyaMta mRdu banAnA hogA / mRdu mana ke dvArA nikalA huA kaTu satya thor3I dera ke lie kaTu mahasUsa ho sakatA hai / para antata: vaha mRdutA meM pariNata hotA hI hai / kaTutA aura spaSTatA bahuta sAre loga itane vyAvahArika hote haiM ki kaTu satya ko vyakta karane kI himmata hI nahIM karate / yaha sAdhanA nahIM, kAyaratA hai| isase bhalAI kI nahIM apitu burAI kI jar3eM majabUta hotI haiM, jo loga apane sAthiyoM se kaTu satya kahane meM kevala isalie Darate haiM ki hamase nArAja ho jAyeMge, ve apane sAthiyoM ke hitecchu nahIM, duzmana haiN| sAdhaka vaha ho sakatA hai jo samaya para kaTu satya ko prakaTa karane kA bhI sAhasa rakhatA hai / ve hAM meM hAM nahIM milA skte| phira bhI unase yaha apekSA to hai hI ki ve pattharavAja hone se bceN| jo loga satyavAditA ke nAma para pattharapheMka bAta karate haiM ve anajAne meM hI dUsare logoM ko to pIr3AdAyaka hote hI haiM, apane lie bhI svayaM zatruoM kI senA khar3I kara lete haiM / vAstava meM spaSTavAditA ke lie AdamI ko pAtra honA bhI Avazyaka hai| yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM hai ki sabako eka ghATa pAnI pilAyA jAye / vaha spaSTavAditA hI kAragAra ho sakatI hai jo sAmane vAle vyakti ke dila ko Thesa nahIM phuNcaaye| sAtha hI sAtha satya kahane vAle vyakti ke lie bhI yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha nizcchidra ho / zabda aura bhAvanA bhASA - viveka bhAvanA ko to Adara karatA hI hai, para vaha zabda ko bhI ahiMsA kA jAmA pahanAtA hai / vAstava meM bhASA eka ahiMsaka zilpa hai / jo bhASA - viveka ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha ahiMsA ko bhI nahIM jaantaa| jo ahiMsA ko nahIM samajhatA, vaha sAdhanA ko bhI nahIM samajha sakatA / isIlie bhASA sAdhanA ke sAtha bahuta gahare arthoM meM jur3I huI haiM / eka islAmI kahAvata hai ki muMha se nikalane vAle hara zabda ko tIna phATakoM se hokara AnA caahie| pahale phATaka para darabAna pUche - kyA yaha satya hai ? dUsare phATaka para pUche - kyA yaha Avazyaka hai ? aura tIsare phATaka para pUchA

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 199 jAyeM-kyA yaha neka hai? sacamuca bhASA - viveka kA yaha eka bahuta bahuta bar3A nidarzana hai / dhImeM bolane kA abhyAsa kareM jaba bhI hama bolate haiM to havA meM dhvani taraMgeM banatI haiN| ve taraMgeM pUre paryAvaraNa para AghAta karatI hai / Aja use bahuta sUkSmatA se mApa liyA gayA hai| usakA vaijJAnika mAnaka hai- DesIbala / vaijJAnikoM ke dhvani ke vividha rUpoM ko DesIbala ke rUpa meM isa taraha vyakta kiyA hai atisUkSma zravaNendriya se jJAta hone vAlI AvAja manuSya ke hRdaya kI dhar3akana per3a pattoM kI sarasarAhaTa rephrijeTara kI gunagunAhaTa kutte kA bhauMkanA se bharI AvAja teja daur3ane vAlI Traka kI AvAja bar3e kArakhAnoM kI AvAja jeTa vimAna kI Avaja raoNka eMDa rola kI tIvra saMgIta rAkeTa kI AvAja DesIbala 1 10 20 yaha eka vaijJAnika tAlikA hai jaba bhI hama bolate haiM, to dhvani taraMgeM paidA hotI haiN| hama jora se boleMge, to dhvani taraMgeM jora se uThegI, vAyu pradUSaNa bddh'egaa| dhIme bolane se hama vAyu pradUSaNa se baca sakate haiN| 30-40 65 83-89 90 120 120 138 195 tIvra AvAja se AdamI kI UrjA to kSINa hotI hI hai usakA vicAra-taMtra bhI prabhAvita hotA hai| usase abhivyakti kA tAratamya khaMDita ho jAtA hai| dhIme bolakara AdamI apane vaktavya ko jyAdA prabhAvI DhaMga se prastuta kara sakatA hai| yaha eka bahuta kI AdhyAtmika prakriyA hai / bAtacIta karate samaya bhAratIya loga bar3e jora se bolate haiN| usase binA matalaba UrjA naSTa hotI hai / videzI loga prAyaH dhIme-dhIme bolate haiM / zAyada do AdamiyoM kI bAta tIsare AdamI ke kAnoM meM nahIM pdd'tii| isase dUsaroM ko binA matalaba vikSepa nahIM hotA /

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200 jaina darzana aura vijJAna dhvani-pradUSaNa ke duSprabhAva dhvani-pradUSaNa kA manuSya ke zarIra para vividha rUpoM meM prabhAva hotA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne isa bAta kI sUkSmatA se khoja kI hai ki isase AdamI na kevala baharA hI ho sakatA hai apitu usakI smRti bhI kSINa ho sakatI hai| balki usakA snAyu-taMtra bhI vighaTita ho sakatA hai| zaharoM tathA kala-kArakhAnoM ke Asa-pAsa rahane vAle logoM para anusaMdhAna karane se aneka cauMkAne vAle tathya sAmane Ae haiN| nobala puraskAra vijetA DaoN. robarTa ne Aja ke 70 varSa pahale kahA thA-"eka dina AyegA jaba hameM manuSya ke svAsthya ke sabase bar3e zatru ke rUpa meM kolAhAla se saMgharSa karanA pdd'egaa|" lagatA hai sacamuca Aja vaha kSaNa najadIka A rahA hai| dhvani se sabhI paricita haiN| yaha vahI dhvani hai jisake bar3ha jAne se vyakti pAgala ho sakatA hai, pAcanazakti bigar3a sakatI hai, raktacApa bar3ha sakatA hai, hRdayarogI kI jAna khatare meM par3a sakatI hai| dhvani kI tIvratA (zora) ke viruddha vizva bhara meM eka muhima cala rahI hai| sabhI deza zora ke khilApha kamara kase hue hai| parantu isakA Azaya yaha nahIM ki dhvani sirpha nukasAna hI pahuMcAtI hai| Adhunika vijJAna ne isI dhvani kA cikitsA ke kSetra meM saphalatApUrvaka upayoga karanA sIkha liyA hai| dhvani do prakAra kI hotI hai| eka zravya, jise hama suna sakate haiN| dUsarI parAzravya, jisa hama suna nahIM skte| parAzravya dhvani-taraMgoM kI AvRti adhika hone se vaha hameM sunAI nahIM pdd'tii| parAzravya dhvani-taraMgoM kA cikitsA ke kSetra meM sarvaprathama upayoga svIDana ke DaoN. lekasaila ne kiyA thaa| lekasaila ne mastiSka meM rasaulI Adi kA patA lagAne ke lie parAzravya dhvani kA saphalatApUrvaka sahArA liyA thaa| Aja bhI laikasaila vidhi se mastiSka kI andarUnI kharAbI kA patA lagAyA jAtA hai| mastiSka meM jAsUsI ___parAzravya taraMgoM se mastiSka ke bhItarI hisse kA grApha (rekhAcitra) banAyA jA sakatA hai| mastiSka ke aMdarUnI bhAga kA kaccA ciTThA hotA hai yaha graaph| yadi mastiSka meM kahIM rasaulI yA phor3A Adi ho to yaha parAzravya taraMgoM kI nigAhoM se chipa nahIM sktaa| taraMgeM usakA atA-patA va sthiti grApha ke jarie banA detI haiN| AMkha jaise nAjuka aMga ke oNparezana meM aba taka cikitsakoM ko kaI parezAniyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| laiMsa va aiMTInA jaise mahattvapUrNa bhAgoM meM parAzravya dhvani aba ve saba kAma karane meM sakSama hai jo pahale churI-kAMToM ke bala para kiyA jAtA thaa| laiMsa ke sAdhAraNa oNparezana meM jahAM pahale kaI saptAha yA

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201 vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI mahInoM taka rogI ke ghAva nahI bhara pAte the, vahIM jaba dhvani-oNparezana ke bAda eka yA do dinoM meM hI ghAva ThIka ho jAte haiN| yadi AMkha meM koI vastu calI jAe yA AMkha ke bhItarI bhAga meM koI gAMTha yA aisI koI cIja (vikAra) ubhara jAe to zalya-kriyA ke lie Avazyaka mApa-jokha bhI parAzravya dhvani kI madada se kiyA jAne lagA hai| striyoM, vizeSakara garbhavatI striyoM ke rogoM ke nidAna meM parAzravya dhvani mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhA rahI hai| isakI madada se garbha meM bhrUNoM kI saMkhyA jJAta kI jA sakatI hai| jaba kisI garbhavatI kA oNparezana karanA hotA hai to sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa bAta hai-bhrUNa ke plesenTA kI sthiti ko jaannaa| parAzravya dhvani ne yaha kAma AsAna kara diyA hai| yadi bhrUNoM meM koI vikAra ho to use bhI parAzravya dhvani kI madada se dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| alTrAsonika kArDiyogrApha hRdaya kI jAMca ke lie cikitsaka akasara I. sI. jI. (ilekTro kArDiyogrApha) kA sahArA lete haiN| aba yaha kArya dhvani-taraMgeM karane lagI haiN| dhvani-taraMgoM se prApta lekha 'alTrAsonika kArDiyogrApha' kahalAtA hai| dhvani ke gatimAna binduoM ko eka nirdhArita vega se calane vAlI philma para aMkita kara yaha kArDiyogrApha prApta kiyA jAtA dhvani-taraMgoM se sUkSma raktavAhikAoM kA bhI raktacApa mAlUma kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhamaniyoM meM kahIM koI kharAbI A gayI ho, to use bhI dhvani-taraMgeM khoja nikAlatI haiN| isa vidhi ko 'e skona' vidhi kahate hai| zarIra ke anya aMgoM jaise yakRta vRkka va agnyAzaya ke rogoM ko dhvani-taraMgeM pahacAna letI haiN| zarIra meM kahIM bhI rasolI ho, ye taraMgeM turanta usakA patA-ThikAnA batA detI hai| soviyata vaijJAnikoM ne dhvani-taraMgoM kI madada se haDDI yA UtakoM ko jor3ane kI nayI takanIka vikasita kI hai| isa paddhati se bAMha, haMsulI tathA pasaliyoM kA ilAja kiyA jAtA hai| soviyata anusandhAnakartAoM ne eka aura nayI khoja kI hai| unhoMne parAzravya dhvani se Utaka kATane kI aisI paddhati khojI hai, jisameM mehanata to kama lagatI hI hai, UtakoM ko hAni nahIM ke barAbara pahaMcatI hai| sAtha hI kaTAI meM saphAI bhI ucca stara kI hotI hai| 'dhvanijanya taraMgoM kA mAnava-zarIra para hone vAlA prabhAva' viSaya para pacIsa varSoM taka gahana adhyayana karane ke bAda, iTAliyana vaijJAnika DaoN. lesarala sAriyo ne pramANita kiyA hai ki

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202 jaina darzana aura vijJAna 1. ucchvAsa ke sAtha zabdoM-svaroM ke uccAraNa se utpanna prakampanoM se AMtarika avayavoM kA vyAyAma ho jAtA hai| 2. bhItara ke UtakoM tathA taMtrikA-kozikAoM kI gaharAI taka prakaMpana pahuMcate haiN| 3. isase UtakoM tathA avayavoM meM rakta-saMcAra, nirbAdha banatA hai aura unameM pracura mAtrA meM rakta kI ApUrti hone se prANa-zakti pradIpta hotI hai| navInatama zarIrazAstrIya adhyayana se isa bAta kA patA calA hai ki ina spandanoM kA hamArI anta:srAvI granthiyoM para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai, jinake dvArA hamArI bhAvadhArA cintana evaM AcaraNa ko prabhAvita kiyA jA sakatA hai| __ dhvani-prakampanoM ke prabhAva se anukampI tathA parAnukampI taMtrikAoM meM eka sudRr3hatA sthApita kI jA sakatI hai| myunikha ne eka saMgItajJa mITara luDaviga mAtra apane saMgIta se tahakhAne meM sthita apane klInika meM 13 se 16 varSa ke atyadhika asAmAnya baccoM ke lie abhivyakti ke naye upAya racane meM saMlagna haiN| unakI isa cikitsA paddhati kA mahattva paramparAgata cikitsaka bhI asaMdigdha rUpa se mAnate haiN| zabda aura saMgIta-cikitsA saMgIta AdamI ke ullasita mana kI eka sarasa abhivyakti hai| anAdikAla se AdamI isa mAdhyama se apane mana kI kuMThAoM ko visarjita karatA rahA hai| nAdastu paMcamo vedaH' kahakara vaidika paramparA meM ise mahattva diyA gayA hai| zramaNa paramparA meM bhI ise Adara prApta hai| iTalI kI bAta haiM-terahavIM zatAbdI meM yahAM eka vicitra prakAra kI bImArI kA pracalana ho gyaa| usake prabhAva se AdamI ko sote samaya madhumakkhI ke daMza kI-sI pIr3A kA anubhava hogaa| dhIre-dhIre vaha pIr3A itanI asAdhya ho jAtI ki AdamI uchala-kUda macAne lgtaa| vaha vastroM ke utAra pheMkatA aura azlIla zabdoM kA prayoga kara dhakkA-mukkI karate lgtaa| kabhI-kabhI to vaha sUara kI taraha gande sthAnoM meM loTane-poTane bhI lgtaa| DaoNkTaroM ko yaha roga samajha meM nahIM A rahA thaa| 'phArDInA sUDa' nAma ke eka DaoNkTara ke pAsa eka aisA hI kesa aayaa| DaoNkTara usa samaya vINA para saMgIta kA abhyAsa kara rahA thaa| use sunakara sahasA rogI kI bImArI zAMta hone lgii| thor3I dera meM to vaha pUrNa rUpa se svastha bana gyaa| usake bAda to isI paddhati se DaoNkTara ne aneka logoM ko svasthatA pradAna kii| aMtata: vaha saMgIta eka davA bana gyaa|

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 203 eka rUsI vijJAnavektA pro. esa. bI. kodApha ne kaI bAra apane prayogoM meM saphalatA prApta kara lene ke bAda yaha pariNAma nikAlA hai ki saMgIta dvArA AMkhoM kA ilAja kiyA jA sakatA hai aura jina AMkhoM kI rozanI dhIre-dhIre kama hotI jAtI hai usameM saMgIta dvArA ilAja karake lagabhaga 25 pratizata sudhAra AsAnI se kiyA jA sakatA / ukta vaijJAnika ne prayoga karake dekhA hai ki jo ghar3iyAM ghaMTA bajAtI hai, unake saMgItamaya svara se hI AMkhoM para kAphI prabhAva par3a jAtA hai / isa prasaMga meM rUsa kI apekSA amerikA ke prayoga to aura bhI Arzyajanaka haiN| zikAgo ke pAgalakhAne meM vizva prasiddha piyAnovAdaka mo. voguslAvaskI ne kaI bAra anokhe prayoga kie| usa pAgalakhAne meM eka navaprasUtA iTAliyana yuvatI bharatI huI thI / vaha apane bacce se bhI bhayaMkara ghRNA karatI thI / voguslAvaskI ne pAgalakhAne meM use grApha saMgIta sunAyA to na kevala yaha apane bacce ko hI cAhane lagI apitu bilakula svastha ho gaI / nyUyArka meM vilena aspatAla ke DaoN. esa. ema. beMDara ne svabhAvataH utpAtI baccoM ke upadravoM ko chur3Ane kA sAdhana saMgIta khoja nikAlA hai| brukalina ke netra aura kAna aspatAla ke cikitsaka DaoN. e. epha. barDamaina ne cIra-phAr3a ke samaya rogiyoM ke kAna meM Iyaraphona lagAkara oNparezana meM bahuta bar3I saphalatA prApta kI hai / phrAMsa evaM amerikA kI svAsthya auSadha prayogazAlAoM meM aba to saikar3oM vijJAnavetA saMgIta kI bhAvI upayogitAoM ko lekara anekavidha anusaMdhAna kara rahe haiN| eka jarmana auSadha - vizeSajJa ne to suprasiddha aMgrejI auSadha anusandhAna-patra 'leseTa' meM spaSTa likhA hai- saMgIta meM itanI bar3I saMbhAvanAeM dikhAI par3atI haiM ki vaha samaya Ane meM bahuta dera nahIM jaba rogiyoM ko dekhane ke lie sTetheskopa aura davAiyoM ke baksa ke sAtha-sAtha DaoNkTaroM ko kucha madhura saMgIta ke rikArDa bhI apane pAsa rakhane pdd'eNge| saMgIta kA prabhAva kevala manuSyoM para hI nahIM, pazuoM para bhI par3atA hai I svIDana tathA rUsa ke kucha DerI phArmoM meM prayoga karake dekhA gayA ki saMgIta se gAyeM adhika dUdha dene lagatI haiM; balki Aja to yaha bhI khoja liyA gayA hai ki saMgIta se per3a-paudhe bhI prabhAvita hote haiN| maMtroM ke prabhAva se paudhe jaldI phUlate - phalate haiM / nAgapura ke pAsa khAkarI nAmaka gAMva meM kRSi meM maMtroM ke prabhAva para prayoga ho rahe hai / unake kucha pariNAma sAmane Ae haiM / rAsAyanika khAda vAle kSetra meM jahAM 16 kilo kakar3I aura 35 kilo baiMgana paidA hue vahAM abhimaMtrita jala se sIMce jAne vAle

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204 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kheta meM 40 kilo kakar3I aura 70 kilo baiMgana paidA hue| ina saba prayogoM se dhvani se bhautika prabhAvoM kI eka jhalaka milatI hai / dhvani taraMgoM kA upayoga Aja aneka rUpoM meM ho rahA hai| hIre jaisI kaThoratama vastuoM kA sUkSma dhvani se kATA jA sakatA hai / pAre aura pAnI kA mizraNa sAdhAraNatayA nahIM hotA, para sUkSma dhvani-prayoga se yaha bhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| sUkSmadhvani se kapar3oM kI dhulAI ho sakatI hai / zabda kI zakti ekalaya, eka gati se nirantara kie jAne vAle sUkSma AghAta kA camatkAra vaijJAnika prayogazAlAoM meM dekhA jA cukA hai| isa prayoga kI puSTi ho cukI hai ki eka Tana bhArI lohe kA garDara kisI chata ke bIcobIca laTakA diyA jAya aura usa para pAMca grAma ke vajana vAle kArka kA niraMtara AghAta eka gati, eka krama se karAyA jAe to kucha hI samaya bAda garDara kAMpane lagegA / puloM para se hokara gujaratI senA ko paira milAkara calane se roka diyA jAtA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki lephTa rAiTa ke ThIka krama se tAlabaddha paira par3ane se jo ekIbhUta zakti utpanna hotI hai, usakI sAmarthya itanI adbhuta evaM pracaMDa hotI hai ki usake prahAra se majabUta puloM ke bhI TUTakara gira par3ane kI saMbhAvanA bana jAtI hai| isI prakAra maMtra japa ke kramabaddha uccAraNa se bhI eka tApakrama utpanna hotA hai / phalasvarUpa zarIra ke antaH saMsthAnoM meM viziSTa prakAra kI halacaleM utpanna hotI haiM jo AMtarika mUrcchanA ko dUra karane evaM suSupta kSamatAoM ko jAgRta karane meM sakSama rahatI haiM / padArtha-vijJAna ke vizeSajJa jAnate haiM ki ilekTro-maiganeTika vebsa para sAuNDa ko supara-impoja kara rikArDa kara liyA jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa ve palaka mArate hI sAre saMsAra kI parikramA kara lene jitanI zakti prApta kara letI haiM / ina zaktizAlI taraMgoM ke sahAre hI aMtarikSa meM bheje gae rAkeToM kI ur3Ana ko dharatI parase niyaMtrita kara unheM dizA dene, unakI AMtarika kharAbI dUra karane kA prayojana pUrA kiyA jAtA hai / isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki zabda-zakti kevala saMhAraka hI nahIM hai / usake kucha racanAtmaka upayoga bhI haiM / isa dRSTi se maMtra - zAstra kA adhyayana eka vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai / bhASA - - viveka ke antargata usakA adhyayana aura bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / maMtra / zabda - zaktiyoM ke do cAmatkArika rUpa haiM- eka kAvya aura dUsarA kAvya meM stutiyAM - srota Adi Ate haiM /

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 205 maMtra jApa kA hI eka rUpa hai| vaha Atmazakti, prANazakti aura caitanyazakti ko jagAne kA vijJAna hai| isake do vibhAga haiM-eka bhakti mArga aura dUsarA tNtr-maarg| jo loga zraddhAvAn aura sarala hote haiM unake lie bhakti-mArga hai| bauddhika logoM ke lie taMtra kA mArga hai| maMtroM ke dvArA jaiva-rAsAyanika parivartana bhI saMbhava hai| maMtra-zakti Aja koI ajUbA nahIM raha gaI hai| pUrva aura pazcima meM aneka loga usa para anusaMdhAna kara rahe haiN| aneka sthAnoM para maMtroM ke dvArA zArIrika cikitsA ke prayoga ho rahe haiN| philipAinsa meM to binA oNparezana ke kevala dhvani taraMgoM ke dvArA hI zarIra kI cIra-phAr3a kI jA rahI hai| vaijJAnika isa khoja meM gaharAI se lage hue haiM ki oNparezanoM ke lie aujAroM kI AvazyakatA na rhe| maMtra kI zakti __ maMtra ke tIna tattva haiM-zabda, saMkalpa aura saadhnaa| maMtra kA pahalA tattva hai-shbd| zabda mana ke bhAvoM kA vahana karatA hai| mana ke bhAva zabda ke vAhana para car3hakara yAtrA karate haiN| koI vicAra-saMpreSaNa (TelipethI) kA prayoga kare, koI sajesana yA oNTosajesana kA prayoga kare, use sabase pahale dhvani kA, zabda kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| vaha vyakti apane mana meM bhAvoM ko teja dhvani meM uccArita karatA hai| jora-jora se bolatA hai| dhvani kI taraMgeM teja gati se pravAhita hotI haiN| phira vaha uccAraNa ko madhyama karatA hai, dhIre karatA hai, maMda karatA hai| pahale hoMTha, dAMta, kaMTha, saba adhika sakriya the, ve maMda ho jAte haiM, dhvani maMda ho jAtI hai| hoMThoM taka AvAja pahuMcatI hai para bAhara nahIM nikltii| jaba maMtra kI mAnasika kriyA hotI hai, mAnasika japa hotA hai taba na kaMTha kI kriyA hotI hai, na jIbha hilatI hai, na hoMTha aura na dAMta hilate haiN| svara-taMtra kA koI prakampana nahIM hotaa| zabda apane svarUpa ko chor3akara prANa meM vilIna ho jAtA hai, mana meM vilIna ho jAtA hai, taba vaha azabda bana jAtA hai| maMtra kA dUsarA tattva hai-sNklp| maMtra-sAdhaka kI saMkalpa-zakti dRr3ha honI caahie| usakI zraddhA aura icchAzakti gaharI honI caahie| pratyeka maMtra-sAdhaka meM yaha AtmavizvAsa aura saMkalpa honA hI cAhie ki 'maiM apane anuSThAna meM avazya hI saphala houuNgaa|' maMtra kA tIsarA tattva hai-saadhnaa| jaba taka maMtra-sAdhaka ArohaNa karate-karate maMtra ko prANamaya na banA de, taba taka vaha satata sAdhanA karatA rhe| vaha niraMtaratA

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206 ko na todd'e| sAdhanA meM nirantaratA aura dirghakAlitA- donoM apekSita haiM / dIrghakAla kA artha hai - jaba taka maMtra kA jAgaraNa na ho jAe, maMtra vIryavAn na bana jAe, mana caitanya na ho, jo maMtra zabdamaya thA vaha eka jyoti ke rUpa meM prakaTa na ho jAe, taba taka usakI sAdhanA calatI rahe / jaina darzana aura vijJAna maMtra svayaM zaktizAlI hotA hai| usakA varNa vinyAsa, akSara-saMracanA zaktizAlI hotI hai| eka-eka akSara itanA zaktizAlI hotA hai ki jisakI koI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| Apa ise darzana kI gaharAiyoM meM jAkara samajheM / varNamAlA kA pratyeka akSara 'a' 'A' Adi ananta paryAyoM se mukta hotA hai / pratyeka akSara ke ananta paryAya haiM / ananta avasthAeM ghaTita hotI haiM / hama unakI kalpanA nahIM kara skte| akSara arthAt akSaraNazIla / usakA kabhI kSaraNa nahIM hotA / akSara tIna haiM- paramAtmA akSara hai, AtmA akSara hai aura varNamAlA kA varNa akSara hai / inakA kabhI kSaraNa nahIM hotA / Apa svayaM isakA anubhava kareM 'reM' 'raM' ko leM / isakA uccAraNa kreN| mAtra uccAraNa, mAtra dhvani / isake sAtha maMtra kI bhAvanA na bhI jor3eM, isake sAtha antardhvani ko na bhI jor3eM, ekAgratA ko bhI na jor3eM, kevala raM, raM, raM kI dhvani karate jaaeN| kucha samaya bAda Apa anubhava karane lageMge ki Apake zarIra meM USmA bar3ha rahI hai, tApa bar3ha rahA haiM 1 'Namo arihaMtANaM' - isa saptAkSarI maMtra ke jApa se kaSAya kSINa hote haiM / 'Namo arihaMtANaM' ke jApa kI cauMsaTha vidhiyAM hai| taijasa kendra meM isa maMtra kA dhyAna karane se krodha upazAMta hotA hai, kSINa hotA hai / AnaMda - kendra meM isa maMtra kA dhyAna karane se mAna, ahaMkAra kSINa hotA hai / vizuddhi - kendra meM isa maMtra kA dhAna karane se mAyA kSINa hotI hai| tAlu - kendra meM isakA dhyAna karane se lobha kSINa hotA hai / isa maMtra ke dvArA sAre kaSAya kSINa hote haiN| maMtra se utpanna hone vAlI dhvani taraMgoM ke dvArA, maMtra ke sAtha ghulane vAlI bhAvanA ke dvArA, saMkalpa - zakti aura maMtra ke sAtha hone vAlI gahana zraddhA ke dvArA tathA maMtra ke sAtha hone vAle iSTa ke sAkSAtkAra ke dvArA kaSAya naSTa hote hai / maMtra - zakti kA yaha eka udAharaNa mAtra hai / maMtra kI ArAdhanA kI aneka niSpattiyAM hai / ye niSpattiyAM AtaMrika bhI haiM aura bAhya bhI haiM, mAnasika bhI haiM aura zArIrika bhI haiN| maMtra kI ArAdhanA se jaba maMtra siddha hone lagatA hai, taka kucha niSpattiyAM hamAre sAmane prakaTa hotI haiN| pahalI niSpatti hai- mana kI prasannatA / jaise-jaise maMtra siddha hone lagatA hai, mana meM prasannatA Ane lagatI hai / usa samaya na harSa, na zauka, na rAga, na dveSa kA

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207 vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI koI maila nahIM rhnaa| isakA dUsarA pariNAma hai-citta kI santuSTi / padArtha kI upalabdhi ke binA bhI mana saMtoSa se itanA bhara jAtA hai ki sArI cAha miTa jAtI hai, kucha bhI nahIM caahie| isI prakAra maMtra kI ArAdhanA se smRtizakti kA vikAsa hotA hai, bauddhika zaktiyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai aura anubhava kI cetanA jAgatI hai| ye mAnasika niSpattiyAM haiM, jo pratyakSa anubhava meM AtI haiN| __maMtra kI ArAdhanA kA zarIra para prabhAva hotA hai| maMtra kI ArAdhanA jaise-jaise vikasita hone lagatI hai, anAyAsa hI vyakti kI AMkhoM meM AMsU uchala par3ate haiM, zarIra romAMcita ho jAtA hai, kaMTha gadgad ho jAtA hai, vANI bhArI-sI ho jAtI hai| ye zArIrika lakSaNa prakaTa hone lagate haiN| svAsthya kA bhI parivartana hotA hai| ___ jApa karane vAlA yA maMtra kI ArAdhanA karane vAlA vyakti kSaya, arUci, agni kI maMdatA Adi-Adi bImAriyoM para niyantraNa pA letA hai| maMtra kI ArAdhanA ke dvArA taijasa zarIra ko sakriya banAyA jAtA hai| maMtra kI ArAdhanA kA sabase pahalA prabhAva par3atA hai taijasa zarIra pr| jaba taka taijasa zarIra taka maMtra nahIM pahuMcatA, taba taka maMtra saphala nahIM hotaa| vaha mAtra zabda kA punarAvartana banakara raha jAtA hai| ___ maMtra kI saphalatA kA sUtra hai-zabda ko Age pahuMcAte-pahuMcAte, sthUla zarIra kI sImAoM ko pAra kara, taijasa zarIra kI sImA meM pahuMcA denaa| jaba maMtra taijasa zarIra taka pahuMca jAtA hai, taba vahAM usakI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai| phira taijasa zarIra se jo prANadhArA nikalatI hai, usase maMtra zaktizAlI bana jAtA hai| isa sthiti meM zarIra kI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai, mana kI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai aura saMkalpa kI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai-mana kI sArI kriyAoM kI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai| maMtra kI sAdhanA kA bahuta bar3A pariNAma, upalabdhi yA niSpatti hai--saMkalpa-zakti kA vikaas| maMtra kI ArAdhanA jaise-jaise Age bar3hatI hai, saMkalpa-zakti kA vikAsa hotA calA jAtA hai| isase icchA-zakti bahuta vikasita hotI hai, prabala hotI hai| isase eka prakAra kA kavaca hamAre cAroM ora bana jAtA hai| taba bAhara kA AkramaNa, bAhara kA saMkramaNa, bAhara kA kuprabhAva usa kavaca ko bhedakara vyakti kI cetanA taka nahIM pahuMca paataa| vaha bAhara hI raha jAtA hai| AbhAmaNDala, lezyAoM kA gherA aura

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208 jaina darzana aura vijJAna eka vicitra prakAra kA orA-ye sAre hamAre zarIra ke AsapAsa, cAroM ora eka valayakAra meM bana jAte haiN| yaha sAra maMtrazakti kA prabhAva hai| . maMtra eka zakti hai, UrjA hai| usa zakti ke dvArA adhyAtma kA daravAjA banda bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai aura kholA bhI jA sakatA hai| samaya-samaya para maMtroM ke aneka prayojana sAmane Ae haiN| maMtroM se cikitsA hotI hai| maMtra dvArA bhayaMkara bImAriyAM naSTa hotI haiN| maMtra-sAdhanA ke dvArA vyakti apanI UrjA ko itanA prabala banA detA hai, AbhAmaNDala ko itanA zaktizAlI banA detA hai, apane lezyA ke kavaca ko itanA sUkSma banA detA hai ki Ane vAle bure vicAroM ke paramANu usako prabhAvita nahIM kara pAte, unake mastiSka meM praveza nahIM kara paate| ____ jaba suSumnA kA udghATana hotA hai, taba manuSya ke lie antarmukhI, niSkAma aura nirvikAra hone kA dvAra khulatA hai| prANa kI dhArA jaba suSumnA meM pravAhita hone lagatI hai, taba AdhyAtmika jAgaraNa prArambha hotA hai| adhyAtma-jAgaraNa kA pahalA bindu yA usa yAtrApatha kA pahalA caraNa hai-suSumnA meM prANadhArA kA prvesh| maMtra ke dvArA aisA kiyA jA sakatA hai| maMtra ke dvArA hama aisI sUkSma dhvani-taraMgeM paidA karate haiM ki suSumnA ke dvAra khula jAte haiM aura vyakti meM AdhyAtmika jAgRti kI kiraNa phUTa par3atI hai| abhyAsa 1. jaina jIvana-zailI ke mukhya biMduoM kA ullekha karane hue svAsthya-vijJAna ke AdhAra para unakI upAdeyatA para vistAra se prakAza ddaaleN| 2. upavAsa kA jaina sAdhanA-paddhati meM kyA sthAna hai? vaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM usake mUlya ko batAte hue usakI samIkSA kreN| 3. upavAsa ke atirikta tapa ke anya prakAroM kI hamAre jIvana meM kyA upayogitA hai? 4. 'zAkAhAra banAma mAMsAhAra' kA vaijJAnika AdhAroM para vizleSaNa karate hue manuSya-jAti ke lie kauna-sA adhika zreyaskara hai, use sapramANa prastuta kreN| 5. dhUmrapAna se kyA-kyA hAni hotI hai? usase mukta hone ke lie kyA karanA cAhie? 6. madyapAna evaM nazIle padArthoM se vyaktigata evaM samAja ke stara para hone vAle duSpariNAmoM kA vistRta Akalana kreN|

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vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM jaina jIvana-zailI 209 7. bhASA-viveka ke sandarbha meM jaina sAdhanA kA vaijJAnika dRSTi se mUlyAMkana kreN| 8. maMtra-vijJAna ke maulika AdhAra kyA haiM? Adhunika vijJAna dvArA pratipAdita zabda kI zakti ke sandarbha meM inakI carcA kreN|

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5. jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA (1) niyamavAda - niyaMtA kI asvIkRti ne niyama kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kiyaa| jaina darzana niyaMtA ko nahIM mAnatA, niyama ko mAnatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne cAra mukhya niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA-dravyAveza, kSetrodeza, kAlAdeza aura bhAvAdeza / Adeza kA artha hai-apekssaa| kisI bhI ghaTanA, viSaya-vastu kA jJAna karanA ho to kama se kama ina cAra niyamoM se usakI samIkSA kareM aura usake bAda nirNaya leN| yaha niyamavAda satya kI khoja kA siddhAMta hai| jaina darzana ne pratyeka vyakti ko satya kI khoja kA adhikAra diyA hai| kevala amuka vyakti hI satya kA khojI nahIM ho sakatA; pratyeka manuSya ho sakatA hai / 'appaNA saccamesejjA' - svayaM satya kI khoja karo / yaha bahuta vaijJAnika bAta hai / niyamavAda: jaina- darzana kI maulika prasthApanA satya kI khoja kA artha hai niyamoM kI khoja / niyamoM kI khoja hI satya kI khoja hai| vaijJAnika pahale niyama ko khojatA hai, phira niyama kI khoja ke AdhAra para kArya karatA hai / dharma ke kSetra meM kahA gayA- niyamoM kI khoja karoM / jaina- darzana ne niyamoM ko khojA hai aura niyamoM kA kAphI vistAra kiyA hai / dravya, kSetra, kAla, aura bhAva-ye cAra dRSTiyAM jaina-darzana meM hI upalabdha haiM, anyatra kahIM prApta nahIM haiN| uttarakAla meM jainAcAryoM ne inakA vikAsa kiyA / cAra AdezoM ke sthAna para pAMca samAvAyoM kA vikAsa huA hai-svabhAva, kAla, niyati, puruSArtha, bhAgya aura karma / ye pAMca samavAya cAra dRSTiyoM kA vikAsa hai| ina paMca samavAyoM ko samAhita kiyA jAe to yaha pAMca uttaravartI dRSTiyAM aura cAra pUrvavartI dRSTiyAM- -ATha niyama prastuta hote haiM / (kAla donoM meM hai / isalie ATha dRSTiyAM hoMgIM / ) ina dRSTiyoM ke dvArA samIkSA karake hI kisI sacAI kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai, kisI ghaTanA kI samIkSA yA vyAkhyA kI sakatI hai| inake binA ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM se vAstavikatA kA patA nahIM calatA, mithyA dhAraNAeM panapa jAtI haiN| ekAntavAda se bacane kA siddhAnta samyagdarzana kA siddhAMta niyamoM ke binA cala nahIM sakatA / tattvajJAna ke viSaya meM dRSTikoNa kA samyak honA Avazyaka hai / pratyeka ghaTanA aura vastu ke bAre meM bhI vyakti kA dRSTikoNa samyak honA cAhie, ekAMgI nahIM honA cAhie /

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211 jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA ekAMgIvAda aura mithyA ekAMtavAda se bacane ke lie niyamavAda kA siddhAMta bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| isakI ghaTanAoM ke sAtha vyAkhyA kareM, jIvana-saMdarbha ke sAtha vyAkhyA kareM to niyamavAda kA eka udAtta pakSa ujAgara ho sakatA hai| (a) saMdarbha : janma aura mRtyu kA __jIvana kA pahalA saMdarbha hai-janma aura mrnn| manuSya janmatA hai aura maratA hai, yaha eka cakra hai| yaha kyoM hotA hai? isakA niyama kyA hai? AdamI kyoM janma letA hai aura kyoM maratA hai? janma lenA eka niyati hai, anivAryatA hai| jaba taka AtmA karmabaddha hai, taba taka vyakti jiegA, mregaa| isakA eka niyama hai niyati aura dUsarA niyama hai kAla / eka kAla ke bAda pratyeka vastu ko badalanA hotA hai, usI rUpa meM raha nahIM sktii| kAla-maryAdA bhI isakA eka niyama hai| niyAmaka eka hI nahIM hai ___ tIsarA niyama hai-karma / AyuSya-karma ke paramANuoM ko bhoganA hai| jitane samaya taka AyuSya-karma ke paramANu pUre hue, bhoga lie gae, mRtyu ho jaaegii| cauthA niyama hai-svabhAva / vaha bhI apanA kAma karatA hai| dravya kA svabhAva hai ki vaha parivartita hotA rahatA hai| dravya meM dhrauvyAMza aparivartanAMza hai to sAtha-sAtha meM parivartanAMza bhI hai, adhrauvyAMza bhI hai| dravya meM pariNamana hotA hai, paryAya badalatA hai| eka paryAya (avasthA) hai janma aura dUsarA paryAya hai mrnn| yaha paryAya eka cakra calatA hai| isa prakAra aneka niyama milakara janma aura maraNa kI vyavasthA kA sampAdana kara rahe haiN| isa bhASA meM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai-aneka niyamoM ke prayoga se janma aura maraNa kI vyavasthA saMpAdita ho rahI hai| (ba) sandarbha roga kA jIvana kA dUsarA saMdarbha hai-rog| janma ke bAda eka bar3I sthiti AtI hai roga kii| roga kyoM hotA hai? aneka loga socate hai-asAtavedanIya karma kA udaya hai isalie yaha roga ho gayA, kintu yadi isakI samIkSA kareM to yaha bAta samIcIna nahIM tthhrtii| kevala asAtavedanIya karma hI roga kA kAraNa nahIM bntaa| roga ke aneka kAraNa haiM aura aneka niyama haiN| eka niyama hai-kSetra / kSetra saMbaMdhI roga hotA hai| eka vyakti amuka gAMva meM gayA aura bImAra ho gyaa| vahAM se bAhara jAte hI vaha binA davA ke ThIka ho jaaegaa| eka niyama hai-kaal| kAla-janita roga paidA hote haiN| sardI ke mausama meM eka prakAra ke roga paidA hote haiM aura garmI ke mausama meM dUsarI prakAra ke roga paidA hote haiN| lU kA prakopa garmI ke mausama meM hogA, sardI ke mausama meM nahIM hogaa| zItajanita bImAriyAM sardI meM hoMgI, garmI meM nahIM hogii| prAta:kAla eka roga upazAMta

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212 jaina darzana aura vijJAna hogA aura rAtri meM, madhya rAtri meM vaha roga bhayaMkara bana jaaegaa| eka niyama hai-avsthaa| avasthA-janita roga hotA hai| amuka avasthA meM eka prakAra kI bImArI hogI, pahale vaha nahIM hogii| eka niyama hai-bhAva / amuka bhAva meM bImArI hogii| krodha kA bhAva tIvra ho gayA to amuka bImArI paidA ho jaaegii| Ajakala isa para bahuta kAma huA hai vijJAna ke kSetra meN| kisa prakAra kA manobhAva kisa prakAra kI bImArI manodaihika (Psycho-somatic) roga ko janma detA hai-isa viSaya meM bahuta khoja ho rahI hai| bhAva bhI isakA eka kAraNa hai, niyama hai| karma eka niyama hai Ayurveda meM eka prakAra kA roga mAnA gayA-karmaja roga, jo karma se utpanna hotA hai| karma eka niyama hai| kucha bImAriyAM aisI haiM, jinheM karmaja kahA jA sakatA hai| asAtavedanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlA roga karmaja kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu saba rogoM ko karmaja mAnA jAe, yaha samIcIna nahIM lgtaa| roga Ane para asAtavedanIya kA udaya ho jAtA hai| apriya karma kA yoga hotA hai, duHkha kA saMvadena hotA hai, yaha ThIka bAta hai kintu saba roga asAtavedanIya ke udaya se hote haiM-yaha vimarzanIya hai| aisA nahIM honA caahie| du:kha kA nimitta honA eka bAta hai aura asAtavedanIya ke udaya se paidA honA bilakula dUsarI bAta hai| karma sarvatra niyAmaka nahIM eka AdamI cala rahA thaa| Thokara lagI aura paira meM darda ho gyaa| asAtavedanIya ke udaya se yaha bImArI AI, aisA to nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu Thokara lagI, darda huA aura asAtavedanIya karma kA udaya ho gayA, yaha kahA jA sakatA haiN| roga kA eka niyama ho sakatA hai-karma, kintu use sarvatra niyAmaka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| niyamoM kI samIkSA kisae binA zAyada pUrI bAta samajha meM nahI aatii| kSetra sambandhI roga hote haiM, kAla saMbaMdhI roga hote haiN| kITANujanita roga hote hai, bahuta sAre roga saMkrAmaka hote hai| eka saMkrAmaka bImArI phailI, hajAroM-hajAroM AdamI eka sAtha bImAra ho ge| vaha asAtavedanIya se utpanna roga nahIM hai kintu usa roga ne asAtavedanIya karma kA udaya lA diyaa| yadi samagra dRSTi se roga ke bAre meM niyamoM kI samIkSA kI jAe to eka nayA dRSTikoNa prastuta ho paaegaa| (sa) saMdarbha nIMda kA jIvana kA eka saMdarbha hai-nIMda / vyakti ke jIvana ko nIMda bahuta prabhAvita karatI hai| jaba nIMda AnI cAhie, taba bahuta sAre vyaktiyoM ko nIMda nahIM AtI aura jaba nIMda nahIM AnI cAhie, taba logoM ko nIMda A jAtI hai| dhyAna ke samaya meM

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 213 nIMda nahIM AnI cAhie, svAdhyAya ke samaya meM nIMda nahIM AnI cAhie kintu nIMda A jAtI hai| sote samaya nIMda AnI cAhie, kintu usa samaya bahuta logoM ko ghaMToM taka nIMda nahIM aatii| ve bistara para idhara-udhara karavaTeM badalate rahate hai / nIMda jIne ke sAtha jur3A huA eka pahalU hai / prazna hotA hai- nIMda kA kyA niyama bana hai? use kauna prabhAvita karatA hai ? isakA pahalA niyama hai- kAla / kAla aura nIMda kA bahuta gaharA sambandha hai| dina nIMda kA kAla nahIM hai| nIMda kA kAla hai-rAtri / dina meM sonA aura rAta meM na sonA-donoM svAsthya kI dRSTi se anukUla nahIM mAne jAte / Ayurveda kA siddhAMta hai-dina meM nahIM sonA cAhie yA bahuta nahIM sonA caahie| kevala garmI ke dinoM meM dina meM soyA jA sakatA hai, aura dinoM meM dina meM sonA upayukta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kAla kA niyama haiM nIda ke sAtha jur3A huA / sahaja nIMda rAta meM jitanI acchI AtI hai, dina meM utanI acchI nahIM aatii| yadi AtI hai to adhika Alasya paidA kara detI hai / aparAdha bhI nIMda meM dUsarA niyama hai karma kA / nIMda kA karma ke sAtha bhI sambandha hai / jaba darzanAvaraNIya karma ke paramANu vyakti ko prabhAvita karate haiM, taba vyakti nIMda meM calA jAtA hai / eka vyakti bahuta nIMda letA hai / usakA nidAna nahIM hotA / bahuta prayatna karatA hai, para nIMda Ae binA nahIM rahatI / isa sthiti kI samIkSA karanA apekSita hai / na AhAra kA kAraNa, na kapha kI pradhAnatA aura na vAyu kI pradhAnatA / bilakula svastha hai aura phira bhI nIMda bahuta AtI hai to vahAM dUsarA niyama khojanA hogaa| vaha niyama hogA - karma / nizcita hI usa vyakti ke darzanAvaraNIya karma kI adhikatA hai / usakA vipAka bahuta hotA hai, isalie vaha nIMda meM calA jAtA hai| kucha loga bahuta saghana nidrA meM cale jAte haiM / itanI saghana nidrA, jisa styAnardhi nidrA kahA jAtA hai| jisa nIMda meM AdamI akaraNIya kAma kara letA hai, asaMbhAvita kAma kara letA hai aura use patA hI nahIM cltaa| aisI hotI hai styAnardhi niiNd| nIMda meM uThakara calA jAtA hai, kilomITaroM taka calA jAtA hai, kisI kA daravAjA khola AtA hai, corI kara AtA hai, kisI ko mAra AtA hai, kahIM se koI cIja uThAkara le AtA hai aura vApasa Akara so jAtA hai / use patA hI nahIM calatA ki usane kucha kiyA hai| aisI ghaTanAeM (jise manovijJAna meM Somnambulism kahA jAtA hai) Aja bhI kahIM-kahIM milatI hai| samAcAra-patroM meM aise vivaraNa prakAzita hote haiM / itanI gAr3ha nidrA ke mUla kAraNa ko zarIra meM nahIM khojA jA sktaa| isakA kAraNa hai-karma /

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214 jaina darzana aura vijJAna nidAna se pare kA saca ___ bahuta bAra bImArI kI avasthA ke aura isa prakAra kI nIMda kI avasthA ke zArIrika kAraNa bhI khoje jAte haiN| kintu kucha bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kucha loga kahate haiM-DaoNkTaroM ke dvArA sAre nidAna karA liye, nidAna meM bilakula bImArI nahIM A rahI hai aura maiM bahuta bhayaMkara bImArI bhugata rahA huuN| isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? upakaraNa nahIM batA pA rahe haiM ki yaha vyakti bImAra hai aura yaha vyakti bhayaMkara du:kha bhoga rahA hai| vahAM kevala zarIra ko hI niyama mAnakara satya ko, vAstavikatA ko nahIM khojA jA sktaa| vahAM zarIra se Age khojanA hotA hai| usa bImArI kA kAraNa hai-asAtavedanIya krm| vaha karma ke kAraNa bhugata rahA hai| bImArI kA koI lakSaNa prakaTa nahIM ho rahA hai kintu asAtavedanIya kA prabala udaya ho gayA isalie vaha kaSTa ko bhoga rahA hai| yaha satya kI khoja kA bahuta vyApaka dRSTikoNa banatA hai| jaina-darzana ne isa dRSTikoNa ko bahuta vyApaka banAyA hai aura isa vyApaka dRSTikoNa se satya kI bahuta samIkSA kI hai, mImAMsA kI hai| (da) saMdarbha : amIra aura garIbI kA jIvana se jur3A huA eka saMdarbha hai-garIbI aura amiirii| AdamI garIba kyoM banatA hai, AdamI amIra kyoM banatA hai? yaha eka Ama dhAraNA hai ki jisane acchA karma kiyA thA, vaha amIra bana gayA jisane burA karma kiyA thA vaha garIba bana gyaa| yaha eka sacAI ho sakatI hai, eka niyama ho sakatA hai kintu ise vyApaka niyama nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aneka niyama isameM kAma karate haiN| eka niyama hai-kSetra / kSetra karma ke udaya meM nimitta bana sakatA hai| eka kSetra aisA hai, jahAM paidA hone vAlA AdamI bahuta garIbI bhogatA hai aura eka kSetra aisA hai, jahAM paidA hone vAlA sahaja hI amIra bana jAtA hai| hamAre sAmane eka ghaTanA hai-araba dezoM meM jaba taka tela upalabdha nahIM huA, amIrI nahIM thI, bahuta garIbI thI aura prAkRtika sAdhana bhI bahuta kama the| na vahAM vizeSa khetI thI, na koI aura rojagAra ke acche sAdhana the kintu jaise hI tela upalabdha huA, ve deza duniyA ke amIra dezoM meM mukhya bana ge| yaha amIrI kisa karma ke udaya se huI? eka sAtha aisA kaise huA? sabake eka sAtha zubha karmoM kA udaya ho gayA, aisA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi isa bAta kI gaharAI meM jAkara niyamoM ko khojA jAe to isakA niyama upalabdha hogA-kSetra / bhaviSyavANI mithyA kyoM hotI hai? kAla kA bhI eka niyama hai| garIbI aura amIrI meM kAla bhI kAraNa banatA hai| amuka vyaktiyoM para yA amuka-amuka sthAnoM para saura-vikiraNa kA amuka

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 215 prakAra kA prabhAva hotA hai| kAla kA artha hai-sUrya candramA kI gati yAnI saura-maMDala kI gati aura saura-maMDala ke vikirnn| pUrA kA pUrA jyotizAstra isa AdhAra para vikasita huA hai| jyotizAstra bahuta vaijJAnika siddhAMta hai| prastuta prasaMga meM usa jyotiSa se saMbaMdha nahIM hai jisake dvArA phalita batAne meM bahuta gar3abar3iyAM hotI haiN| isakA kAraNa hai-bhaviSyavANI karane vAle ko pUre niyama kA patA hI nahIM hotaa| ve eka bAta ko lekara bhaviSyavANI kara dete haiN| isalie bhaviSyavANI aneka bAra mithyA pramANita hotI hai| jaba jyotiSa ke pUre niyama kA patA nahIM hotA, taba aneka mithyA dhAraNAeM bana jAtI hai aura una dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para ye bhaviSyavANI karane vAle logoM ko bahuta gumarAha kara dete haiN| kisI ko batAte haiM-tumhAre lar3akA paidA hogA aura pAMca dina ke bAda lar3akI ho jAtI hai| kisI ko batAte haiM tumhArA kArakhAnA bahuta calegA aura sAta dina bAda divAlA nikala jAtA hai| ye sAmane AI huI ghaTanAeM haiN| ye bhaviSyavANiyAM vyakti ko gumarAha karatI haiN| jyotirvijJAna : eka niyama jyotirvijJAna kA artha hai-kAla-cakra ke AdhAra para hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kA vizleSaNa aura vaha bahuta sahI nikalatA hai| kaba kisa prakAra ke grahoM kI gati hotI haiN| aura usa gati ke kyA pariNAma Ate haiM, yaha bilakula vaijJAnika bAta hai| ise gaNita jyotiSa kahA jAtA hai| kucha vyakti hastarekhA dekhakara cAra-pAMca moTI-moTI bAteM jAna lete haiM aura usake AdhAra para phalita batA dete hai| kuNDalI dekhate haiM aura bhaviSyavANI kara dete haiN| isa pAkhaNDavAda ne jyotirvijJAna ko dhUmila banA diyA, saMdehAspada banA diyaa| vAstava meM jyotirvijJAna eka bahuta bar3A niyama hai| kaba sUrya, candra Adi-Adi grahoM kI gati aura unake vikiraNa kisa prakAra ke hote hai aura kaba vyakti unase prabhAvita hotA hai-yaha sArA jyotirvijJAna se jAnA jA sakatA hai| ina niyamoM kA vistAra kiyA gayA jyotirvijJAna meM / kisa mahIne meM, kisa Rtu meM aura kisa rAzi meM kisa prakAra kA vikiraNa hotA hai aura vaha vyakti ke zarIra ko kisa prakAra prabhAvita karatA hai| yadi hArTa ko puSTa karanA hai to kisa rAzi meM usako puSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai? yadi mastiSka ko puSTa karanA ho to kisa rAzi meM puSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka avayava ke sAtha rAzi aura Rtu kA cakra jur3A huA hai| jJAna ko vikasita karanA ho to kaba karanA caahie| jaina AgamoM meM adhyayana ke vizeSa kAla kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| prazna pUchA gayA-svAdhyAya prArambha kareM to kaba kreN| uttara diyA gayA-puSya nakSatra meM yA amuka-amuka nakSatra meM adhyayana zurU kreN| amuka dizA meM baiThakara adhyayana zurU kreN| yaha dizA kA nirdeza, kAla kA nirdeza bahuta sArthaka hai| usa samaya kiyA gayA

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216 jaina darzana aura vijJAna svAdhyAya kA prArambha bahuta phaladAyI hotA hai aura bahuta grAhya banatA hai| prabhAva sauramaMDala ke vikiraNoM kA yaha kAla kA prabhAva hai| usake niyama garIbI aura amIrI ke sAtha bhI jur3e hue hai| amuka prakAra kA saura-maMDala kA brahmaNDIya vikiraNa amuka prakAra ke vyakti ko prabhAvita karatA hai to garIbI kI sthiti bana jAtI hai| bahuta loga kahate haiM-hamane bahuta prayatna kiyA, vyAvasAyika buddhi aura puruSArtha kA bhI bahuta upayoga kiyA, bahuta ceSTAeM kI, prayatna kie, aneka logoM se sambandha sthApita kie kintu aba taka saphalatA nahIM milI, garIbI banI kI banI rhii| samAja meM aisI ghaTanAeM bahuta hotI haiM aura inakA kAraNa ho sakatA hai-koI kAla viparIta cala rahA hai, saura-maMDala ke vikiraNa viparIta kAma kara rahe haiN| jaba koI avasara AtA hai, ve vyakti ke kArya kI niSpatti meM bAdhaka bana jAte haiN| eka niyama hai-puruSArtha / zrama-hInatA, zramavimukhatA garIbI ko bar3hAtI hai aura zrama kI pracuratA garIbI ko kama karatI hai, garIbI ko miTAtI hai| eka niyama hai-krm| jisa vyakti ke asAtavedanIya karma kA udaya ati tIvra hotA hai, usakI garIbI ko miTAnA muzkila bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra aneka niyamoM ko jAnakara hI isa prazna kI samIkSA kI jA sakatI hai| (I) saMdarbha bhAva kA jIvana kA eka saMdarbha hai-bhAva / eka dina meM manuSya ko aneka bhAvoM kA sAmanA karanA hotA hai| krodha, ahaMkAra, lobha Adi-Adi manobhAva badalate rahate haiN| eka AdamI ne kahA-mujhe dina meM gussA kama AtA hai aura rAta ko jyAdA AtA hai| kisI ko amuka vyakti para gussA jyAdA AtA hai, kisI ko amuka sthiti meM gussA jyAdA AtA hai, aisA kyoM hotA hai? kisI vyakti ko amuka sthAna meM jAne para gussA A jAtA hai| isakA kyA kAraNa hai? isa prazna ke saMdarbha meM niyamoM ke samavAya anuzIlana Avazyaka hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM cAra kAraNa batalAe gae haiN| unameM pahalA kAraNa hai-kssetr| eka kSetra ke prakapana aise hote haiM, jahAM Ate hI AdamI ke bhAva bigar3a jAte haiM aura eka kSetra ke prakaMpana aisA hote hai, jahAM Ate hI AdamI ke bhAva acche ho jAte haiM, gusse ke bhAva zAMta ho jAte haiM / nepAla meM bhavana banAte samaya miTTI kA parIkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| vahAM yaha eka zAstra-vidyA cala par3I hai| nepAla meM isa prakAra ke jyotirvijJAnI haiM, jo miTTI kA parIkSaNa karate haiN| parIkSaNa ke bAda batalAte haiM yahAM kI miTTI ke prakampana kisa prakAra ke haiN| ve Apake lie lAbhaprada hoMge yA hAnikAraka? kSetra ke AdhAra para yaha pUrA vijJAna vikasita huA

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217 jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA mUDa kyoM bigar3atA hai? mUDa bigar3ane kA eka hI kAraNa nahIM hai| usakA eka niyama hai-kaal| prAta:kAla mUDa kama bigar3egA aura garmI kA samaya hai to mUDa jaldI bigar3a jaaegaa| vyakti kA alaga-alaga samaya para alaga-alaga mUDa hotA hai| para jisa siddhAMta kA vikAsa huA hai, use svara-vijJAna meM svarodayazAstra meM bahuta sthAna diyA gayA hai| kisa samaya kisa prakAra kA bhAva bhItara calatA hai-isa AdhAra para sAre kAryoM kA nirNaya karanA caahie| aneka AdamI jAnate haiM ki abhI lAbha kI dughar3iyA hai, zubha kI dughar3iyA hai, amRta kA dughar3iyA hai| ye sAre vyakti para prabhAva DAlate haiN| eka samaya hotA hai, vyakti kA bhAva bahuta zAMta rahatA hai, prasanna rahatA hai, mUDa bahuta acchA rahatA hai| dUsarA samaya AyA, usI vyakti kA usI dina meM bhAva bigar3a jAtA hai, mUDa bigar3a jAtA hai| vaha bilakula badalA huA-sA lagatA hai| yaha vahI vyakti hai, aisA vikAsa nahIM hotaa| eka vyakti ke bhAva kitane badala jAte hai, usake paryAya kitane badala jAte haiM, ise niyamavAda ke AdhAra para samajhA jAtA hai| niyamana kA siddhAMta hai-niyamavAda __ jIvana kA saMdarbha meM niyamavAda kA yaha saMkSipta anuzIlana hai| niyamoM kA jaina-sAhitya meM bahuta vikAsa huA hai| usameM bahuta sAre niyama grathita haiN| agara sAre niyamoM kA saMkalana kiyA jAe to pUrA eka niyamazAstra bana jAe, niyamoM kA eka mahAgraMtha bana jAe, usake AdhAra para niyamoM kI samagra vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| jaina-darzana niyaMtA ko nahIM mAnatA, Izvara ko nahIM maantaa| vaha niyamana ke siddhAMta ko niyamavAda ke sandarbha meM prastuta karatA hai| vaha mAnatA haiM-hara vyakti aura padArtha ke apane-apane niyama haiM aura ve niyama apanA kAma karate haiN| IzvaravAdI yaha kahakara chuTTI pA sakatA hai ki bhagavAn kI aisI marjI thI, aisI icchA thI, ata: aisA ho gayA para eka anIzvaravAdI yaha kahakara chuTTI nahIM pA sktaa| usake sAmane bar3A jaTila mArga hai| IzvaravAda kA mArga bahuta sarala mArga hai| Izvara kA asvIkAra bar3A jaTila kArya hai| isase vyakti ke sAmane svayaM nirNaya karane kA prazna AtA hai, niyamoM kI khoja kA prazna AtA hai| isa prazna ke saMdarbha meM jaina-darzana niyamoM kI khoja kI hai, vaha khoja bahuta upayogI hai, usakA jJAna honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| Adhunika vijJAna meM niyamavAda Adhunika vijJAna kA sArA vikAsa niyamavAda ke AdhAra para huA hai| bhautika vijJAna meM nyUTana se lekara AiMsTIna taka una maulika niyamoM ko khojane

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218 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai jinake AdhAra para jagat kI prakriyAoM kI vyAkhyA kI jA ske| Adhunika vijJAna ke 'paramANuvAda'' dvArA samasta vyAvahArika prakriyAoM ko samajhane kA prayatna kAphI saphala huA hai| jIva-vijJAna ke rahasyoM ko bhI bhautika vijJAna evaM rAsAyanika vijJAna ke maulika niyamoM ke AdhAra para udghATita karane meM vaijJAnika kAphI Age bar3he haiN| astu, niyamavAda ke Adhunika vijJAna kA mUla staMbha mAnA jA sakatA hai| (2) IzvaravAda : karmavAda ajJAta rahasyoM ko samajhane ke lie dArzanikoM ne aneka siddhAMta sthApita kie| karma ke viSaya meM bhI aneka siddhAMta sthApita haiN| kucha dArzanika kevala karmavAdI hai| kucha karmavAda ko mAnate haiM para IzvaravAda ke sahacArI ke rUpa meM use svIkAra karate haiN| ve kevala karmavAda ko nahIM maante| saSTi hai parivartanAtmaka ___ jaina darzanaka karmavAdI darzana hai| Izvara kA siddhAMta mAnya nahIM hai| Izvara ke lie tIna kAryoM kI kalpanA kI gaI- (1) sRSTi kA kartA honA cAhie, (2) niyaMtA honA cAhie, (3) acche aura bure kArya kA phala bhugatAne vAlA honA caahie| saSTi ke kartA, sRSTi ke niyatA aura karma-phala ko bhoga dene vAlA, niyojana karane vAle Izvara kI kalpanA ke pIche ye tIna mukhya tattva kAma karate hai| jaina darzana ne jagat ko anAdi mAnA, isalie use Izvara kI koI AvazyakatA hI pratIta nahIM huii| sRSTi kA niyantA koI nahIM ___jaina darzana jagat ko bhI mAnatA hai aura sRSTi ko bhI mAnatA hai| jagat anAdi, hai, pratyeka padArtha anAdi hai| pratyeka padArtha meM pariNamana hotA hai. jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se vaibhAvika parivartana hotI hai| vaha sRSTi hai| sRSTi jIva aura pudgala ke dvArA saMpAdita hotI hai| jIva aura pudgala ke atirikta kisI tIsarI sattA ko mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / dUsarA prazna hai niyamana kaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi kA niyaMtA koI nahIM hai| agara koI niyaMtA hai, sarvazaktimAna hai to sRSTi isa prakAra kI nahIM hotii| isa truTipUrNa vyavasthA vAlI sRSTi ke lie agara Izvara ko niyantA mAne aura sAtha-sAtha meM sarvazaktimAna bhI mAneM to donoM meM antarvirodha jaisA upasthita ho jAtA hai| yadi sRSTi kA kartA sarvazaktimAna hai to vyavasthA itanI truTipUrNa nahIM hogii| yadi 1. isI pustaka meM naveM prakaraNa meM isakI vistRta carcA kI jaaegii|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 219 vaha sarvazaktimAna nahIM hai to vaha sArI sRSTi kA akelA niyamana nahIM kara sktaa| yaha niyantA vAlI bAta saMgata pratIta nahIM hotii| sRSTi kA niyamana niyama ke dvArA jaina darzana ne niyantA kI AvazyakatA anubhava nahIM kii| usakA siddhAMta hai niyama / sRSTi kA niyama ke dvArA hotA hai, niyaMtA ke dvArA nahIM hotaa| hamAre jagat ke kucha sArvabhauma niyama haiM, jo akRtrima haiM, kisI ke dvArA banAe hue nahIM haiN| jIva-pudgala ke svayaMbhU niyama haiM aura ve niyama apanA kAma karate haiN| eka jIva ko mokSa jAnA hai to vaha apane niyama se jaaegaa| eka pudgala ko, paramANu ko badalanA hai to vaha apane niyama se bdlegaa| eka paramANu kA eka guNA kAlA hai aura use ananta gunA kAlA honA hai to vaha apane niyama se hogaa| varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza kA jitanA parivartana hai vaha sArA apane niyama se hogaa| nirdhArita samaya se use nizcita rUpa se badalanA hI pdd'egaa| yaha prAkRtika niyama hai, sArvabhauma niyama hai aura isa niyama se sArA niyamana ho rahA hai| yaha sArI oTomeTika vyavasthA hai, svayaMkRta vyavasthA hai| bAhara ke kRta yA Aropita vyavasthA nahIM hai, isalie niyaMtA kI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotii| kartRtva : bhoktRtva tIsarA prazna hai-karma kA phala dene vAlA koI honA caahie| jaise corI karane vAlA cora apane Apa usakA phala nahIM bhugttaa| koI nyAyAdhIza hotA hai, daMDanAyaka hotA hai, jo use daMDita karatA hai, phala detA hai, vaise hI sAre jagata ko acche aura bure karma kA phala dene vAlA bhI koI honA caahie| isa AdhAra para karmaphala -dAtA kI AvazyakatA kucha dArzanikoM ne mahasUsa kii| kiMtu jaina darzana ne isa AvazyakatA kA anubhava kiyaa| jaina darzana kA maMtavya hai-karma karane vAlA aura usakA phala bhogane kI zakti svayaM jIva meM nihita hai| use bAhara kahIM se lAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| apanA svayaM kA kartavya aura apanA svayaM kA bhoktRtva-donoM usameM samAhita haiM ina tIna sthitiyoM ke AdhAra para jaina darzana ko Izvara kI AvazyakatA dArzanika dRSTi se mahasUsa nahIM huii| prayojanavAdI dRSTi eka saMdarbha hai prayojana kaa| prayojanavAdI dRSTi se bhI kucha prazna ubharate haiM-Izvara ne sRSTi kA nirmANa kyoM kiyA? vaha kyoM jagata ke prapaMca meM AyA aura vaha kyoM sabakI vyavasthA aura niyamana karatA hai| vaha acchA karane vAle ko acche phala detA hai aura burA phala karane vAle ko burA phala detA hai| vaha aisA kyoM karatA hai| usakA

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220 jaina darzana aura vijJAna prayojana kyA hai? yaha bar3A jaTila prazna hai IzvaravAdI ke sAmane / prayojanavAdI tarka jaba sAmane AtA hai to usakA saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| yadi karuNA prayojana hai to prazna hogA-yaha prayojana kaba paidA huA? yadi kahA jAe-jisa dina Izvara janmA, usI dina prayojana paidA ho gayA to isakA artha hogA-Izvara aura jagat kA janma eka sAtha huaa| yadi Izvara pahale thA aura prayojana kabhI bAda meM huA to prazna AegA-prayojana bAda meM kyoM paidA huA pahale kyoM nahIM huA? usakA prayojana Akhira kyA thA? uttara diyA gayA-karuNA thI prayojana / Izvara ke mana meM karuNA jAgI aura usane sRSTi kA nirmANa kara diyaa| ekA'haM bahusyAm yaha karuNAvAdI prayojana vAlI sRSTi nahIM hai| jahAM itanI krUratA aura itanA AtaMka hai vahAM karuNAvAdI dRSTikoNa saphala nahIM hotaa| karuNA kI bAta samajha meM nahIM aatii| dUsare bhI jitane prayojana haiM unakI koI saMgata vyAkhyA sAmane nahIM aatii| ina sAre dArzanika binduoM ke AdhAra para eka jaina darzana ne IzvaravAda ke astitva ko nakAra diyaa| kahA jAtA hai-Izvara ko akelA rahanA acchA nahIM lagA isalie usane socA-'eko'haM bahu syAm' maiM bahuta ho jaauuN| isalie vaha eka se bahuta ho gyaa| jisa prakAra se Izvara kI kalpanA hai, usase yaha bAta bhI saMgata nahIM lgtii| IzvaravAda : dhArmika dRSTikoNa hamAre sAmane tIna dRSTikoNa haiM-dhArmika dRSTikoNa, naitika dRSTikoNa aura dAnika dRssttikonn| ina tInoM binduoM para IzvaravAda kI yaha avadhAraNA samyak nahIM ubhrtii| ___ jaba pragati aura parivartana kA adhikAra manuSya ko nahIM hai to Izvara kA astitva use saMkaTa meM DAlane vAlA hai| manuSya na pragati kara sakatA aura na parivartana kara sktaa| jaisA hai vaisA hI rhe| ye donoM jaba manuSya ke hAtha meM nahIM hai to dhArmika dRSTikoNa se Izvara kA astitva usake lie khataranAka bana gyaa| isa dhAraNA ne rUr3hivAda evaM nirAzAvAda ko janma diyA aura isI nirAzAvAdI dRSTikoNa ne manuSya ko akiMcitkara banA diyaa| IzvaravAda : naitika dRSTikoNa naitika dRSTi se vicAra kareM-yadi manuSya kA saMkalpa svataMtra nahIM hai to vaha apane kata ke prati uttaradAyI nahIM ho sktaa| vahI vyakti kata ke prati uttaradAyI ho sakatA hai jisakA saMkalpa svataMtra hai| vyakti kA saMkalpa use apane kRta ke prati uttaradAyI banAtA hai| yadi kRta svataMtra nahIM hai, Izvara ne jaisA karAyA vaisA

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 221 usane kara liyA to acche aura bure kA uttaradAyI kyoM banegA ? Izvara ne acchA karAyA to acchA kara liyA aura burA karAyA to burA kara liyA / uttaradAyI karAne vAlA hai yA karane vAlA hai? eka yaMtra uttaradAyI nahIM ho sktaa| eka lauha-mAnava ( Robot ) thor3I dUra calatA hai aura phira golI dAgatA hai| prazna prastuta hotA hai-usakA uttaradAyI kauna hai ? kyA vaha lauhamAnava hai, yantra - mAnava hai, roboTa hai? bilkula nhiiN| uttaradAyI hai calAne vAlA / manuSya jisa prakAra calAtA hai, yaMtra- mAnava usI prakAra calatA hai| yadi manuSya vaisA hI yaMtra-mAnava yA lauha - mAnava hai to vaha apane kRta kA uttaradAyI nahIM ho sktaa| naitika dRSTi se yaha eka bar3I samasyA paidA ho jAtI hai naitikatA kI bAta eka prakAra se samApta ho jAtI hai| karmavAda ke tIna siddhAMta jaina darzana ne isa para samagratA se vicAra kiyA / usane pahalA sUtra diyA karmavAda kA / hara AtmA kI svataMtratA karmavAda kA pahalA AdhAra hai / yadi vyakti 1 kA saMkalpa svataMtra nahIM hai to vaha apane kRta ke prati uttaradAyI nahIM ho sakatA / saMkalpa karane meM vaha svataMtra hai isalie kRta ke prati uttaradAyI hai / vaha acchA karatA hai to usakA phala acchA hotA hai aura burA karatA hai to burA hotA hai| acche aura bure kA jimmevAra vaha svayaM hai / yaha saMkalpa kI svataMtratA karmavAda kA pahalA siddhAMta hai / karmavAda kA dUsarA siddhAMta hai - kRta kA naitika jimmevAra vyakti svayaM hai| vaha apane kRta ke prati naitika dAyitva se alaga nahIM ho sktaa| koI bhI kAma karatA hai to use yaha uttaradAyitva lenA hogA ki isake lie maiM svayaM jimmevAra hUM / karmavAda kA tIsarA siddhAMta hai - vyakti ko pragati aura parivartana kA adhikAra hai| choTe-se choTe prANI ko bhI ye donoM adhikAra upalabdha haiM / eka ekendriya prANI apanA vikAsa karate-karate paMcendriya taka pahuMca jAtA hai, manuSya taka pahuMca jAtA hai, muni bana jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika utkrAMti ke patha para calate-calate vaha vItarAga bana jAtA hai, kevalI bana jAtA hai, mukta AtmA bhI bana jAtA hai| yaha AdhyAtmika utkrAMti kA adhikAra pratyeka AtmA ko upalabdha hai| pratyeka AtmA isa utkrAMti ke AdhAra para AtmA se paramAtmA bana sakatI hai / adhikAra hai parivartana evaM pragati kA prazna hotA hai-- Aja manuSya jaisA hai, kyA vaha vaisA hI rahe? yA apane Apako

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222 jaina darzana aura vijJAna badala sake? jaina darzana ne vyakti ko parivartana kA adhikAra diyA hai| usane kahA- hara AdamI badala sakatA hai parivartana kara sakatA hai| agara parivartana ho to vyakti kI sArI sAdhanA, tapasyA vyartha bana jaae| isa bAta meM vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki jo jaisA hai vaisA hI rhegaa| jisakA svabhAva jaisA hai vaisA hI rhegaa| aisA vaha mAna sakatA hai, jisane parivartana ko asvIkAra kiyA hai| jaina darzana parivartana aura pragati ko svIkAra karatA hai, isalie usameM tapasyA aura sAdhanA kA mUlya hai / yadi unheM asvIkAra kiyA jAe to tapasyA aura sAdhanA kA mUlya samApta ho jAtA hai| krodha, ahaMkAra, lobha, abhimAna, mAyA, bhaya, kAmavAsanA Adi-Adi mohakarma ke vikAra haiM una sabako badalA jA sakatA hai, unameM parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha vyakti kI apanI svataMtratA hai / isI AdhAra para sAdhanA kI padvati kA vikAsa huaa| tapasyA, dhyAna, svAdhyAya--inakA vikAsa parivartana ke siddhAMta ke AdhAra para huA hai / yaha parivartana kA siddhAMta nahIM hotA to sAdhanA aura tapasyA kA koI artha nahIM hotA / dhyAna, svAdhyAya aura tapasyA-ina sabakA vikAsa parivartana ke siddhAMta ke AdhAra para huA hai| 1 parivartana kA AdhAra parivartana kA AdhAra hai - saMkalpa kI svataMtratA / isa svataMtratA ne aisA mArga diyA hai, jisameM na rUr3hivAda ke panapane kI jarUrata hai, na nirAzAvAda ke panapane kI jarUrata hai aura na palAyana kI jarUrata hai / jaina dharma nirantara parivartana kI prakriyA hai / svayaM ko badalA jA sakatA hai, pratyeka kSaNa badalA jA sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para svataMtratA kA siddhAMta sArthaka banatA hai / ekAMgI dhAraNA jaina darzana ne karmavAda ke siddhAMta ko svIkAra kiyA, kintu karmavAda IzvaravAda kA sthAna nahIM le sakatA / IzvaravAdI kahate haiM - Izvara kI icchA ke binA kucha bhI nahIM hotA, eka pattA bhI nahIM hilatA / yadi jaina darzana yaha mAna le ki karma ke binA kucha bhI nahIM hotA to IzvaravAda aura karma ke siddhAMta meM koI aMtara nahIM raha pAtA / karma svayaM Izvara ke sthAna para baiTha jAtA hai / jo kucha hotA hai vaha saba karma se hotA hai| yaha bilkula ekAMgI dhAraNA hai | jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha sahI nahIM hai, ucita nahIM hai / karmavAda se saba kucha nahIM hotaa| karma kA sthAna sImita hai| eka sImita sthAna meM karma se kucha hotA hai, kintu saba kucha nahIM hotaa|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA karma kA kartRtva nahIM hai karma hamArI kRti hai kintu kartRtva usakA nahIM hai / kartRtva hai AtmA kA / kRti kA prabhutva nahIM ho sakatA / prabhutva kartRtva kA ho sakatA hai / yadi vyakti dvArA kiyA huA karma saba kucha bana jAe to kartA gauNa bana jaae| kartA kA to koI artha hI nahIM rhe| karma meM kartRtva nahIM hai / kartRtva vyakti ke bhItara saMkalpa meM hai / yadi kRti aura kartA kA bheda spaSTa hotA hai to karma ko utanA hI mUlya milegA, jitanA ki usakA mUlya hai / mithyA avadhAraNAeM 1 bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karma ko bahuta lacIlA mAnA hai| kahA gayA- ' - 'sucinnA kammA sucinnA phalA bhavaMti ducinnA kammA ducinnA phalA bhavaMti / ' acche kAma kA acchA phala hotA hai aura bure karma kA burA phala hotA hai - yaha eka sAmAnya bAta hai kintu isake apavAda bahuta haiM / kRta karmoM ko bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotA, yaha bhI eka sAmAnya siddhAMta hai| jaba taka karma ke sAre apavAdoM ko, vizeSa niyamoM ko nahI jAnA jAtA taba taka karma kI bAta pUrI samajha meM nahIM aatii| karma ko saba kucha mAna lene para eka nirAzAvAdI dhAraNA, bhAgyavAdI dhAraNA bana jAtI hai aura AdamI akarmaNya hokara baiTha jAtA hai| yaha mithyA dhAraNA hai / vaha socatA hai-maiM kyA karUM? karma kA phala aisA hI thA, karma kA yoga aisA hI thaa| mere karma meM aisA hI likhA thA / 223 karmavAda meM puruSArtha kA mUlya puruSArtha aura karmavAda ko kabhI alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / IzvaravAdI dhAraNA meM agara puruSArtha nahIM hotA hai to Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai kintu yadi karmavAdI meM puruSArtha nahIM hotA hai to isase bar3A koI Azcarya nahIM / yaha bahuta bar3A Azcarya hai / puruSArtha aura karmavAda kA jor3A hai| unheM kabhI alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kintu karmavAda ko sahI na samajhane ke kAraNa puruSArthIvAdI darzana bhI akarmaNya darzana jaisA bana jAtA hai / mahAvIra puruSArthavAda ke sazakta pravaktA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karma ke viSaya meM aneka siddhAMta die / puruSArtha ke dvArA karma ko bhI badalA jA sakatA hai| eka vyakti ne bahuta acchA karma kiyA, kSayopazama bhI huA aura puNya kA bandha bhI ho gyaa| kiMtu kucha samaya bAda usane bahuta bure karma kie aura usakA pariNAma huA usane jo acchA kiyA, vaha bure meM saMkrAMta ho gyaa| eka vyakti ne bahuta burA kiyA, kiMtu usane bAda meM bahuta acche kArya

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224 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kie, yaha sambhava hai ki usakA burA karma acche meM saMkrAMta ho jAe / yaha saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta hai / 1 yaha saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta hai / karma ke viSaya meM yaha eka apavAda hai aura yaha puruSArtha se sambhava banA hai| jaina darzana ne nirantara puruSArtha para bala diyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- puruSa ! tu parAkrama kara ! yaha parama puruSArtha kI preraNA bhAgyavAda kA cakanAcUra kara dene vAlI preraNA hai / bhAratIya ciMtana aura darzana meM puruSArthavAda para jitanA bala mahAvIra ne diyA, utanA kisI dUsare ne diyA yA nahIM, yaha khoja kA viSaya hai / niyAmaka kauna ? karmavAda aura puruSArthavAda - ina donoM kA asvIkAra hai IzvaravAda / jahAM IzvaravAda hai vahAM na karmavAda kI AvazyakatA hai aura na puruSArtha kI AvazyakatA hai| jaba IzvaravAda meM Izvara ke dvArA sahI avasthA nahIM baiThI to karmavAda ko bhI bIca meM lAnA pdd'aa| pUchA gayA--acchA aura burA phala AdamI kaise bhugatatA hai ? uttara diyA - Izvara 'bhugatAtA hai| punaH prazna ubharA - Izvara kisI ko acchA yA burA phala kyoM detA hai ? uttara diyA gayA- vyakti jaisA karma karatA hai, Izvara usako vaisA hI phala detA hai / gayA karmavAda ke binA vyavasthA saMgata ho hI nahIM sktii| isalie IzvaravAda meM bhI karmavAda ko mAnanA par3A / Akhira saba kucha karmavAda se honA hai| acche aura bure kA niyAmaka karma hai to usake lie kisI Izvara ko bIca meM lAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / karmavAda se jo ho jAtA hai usake lie kisI Izvara kI aura apekSA karanA prakriyA - gaurava hai| tarkazAstra meM kahA gayA--- prakriyAgauravaM yatra, taM pakSaM na sahAmahe / prakriyAlAghavaM yatra, taM pakSaM rocayAmahe / jisameM prakriyA kA gaurava hotA hai, usa pakSa ko sahana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jisameM prakriyA kA lAghava hotA hai, vahI pakSa rucikara ho sakatA hai / vijJAna bhI prakriyA- gaurava ko svIkAra karatA hai| nyUnatama niyamoM se kisI prakriyA kI vyAkhyA karanA vaijJAnika siddhAMta hai / vAstavika sacAI : vyAvahArika sacAI 'saba jIva samAna hai' yaha nizcayanaya kI bAta hai, vAstavika sacAI hai, vyAvahArika sacAI nahIM hai / vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se saba jIva samAna nahIM hai / unameM bheda hai aura vaha bheda karmakRta hai-karma ke dvArA vaha bheda kiyA gayA hai| eka

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 225 ekendriya jIva hai, eka paMcendriya jIva hai| eka samanaska hai, eka samanaska hai| eka bahuta vikAsazIla hai, eka bahuta avaruddha vikAsa vAlA hai| yaha jo vikAsa kA tAratamya hai. bheda hai vaha sAra karma ke dvArA hotA hai| pratyeka AtmA kI svabhAvagata samAnatA aura karmakRta vividhatA-nizcaya-naya aura vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se ye donoM sacAiyAM mAnya haiN| AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai-koI AtmA hIna nahIM hai, koI AtmA atirikta nahIM hai| isakA artha hai-vAstavika dRSTi meM koI AtmA hIna nahIM, koI atirikta nhiiN| vyavahAra dRSTi se hIna bhI hai aura atirikta bhI hai| ye sArI sacAiyAM karmavAda ke sandarbha meM hI spaSTa ho pAtI haiN| isalie karmavAda jaina darzana kA eka pramukha siddhAMta bana gyaa| usakA sahacArI siddhAMta hai puruSArthavAda ke karmavAda aura puruSArthavAda ko AdhAra para usane IzvaravAda ke siddhAMta ko asvIkAra kara diyaa| Adhunika vijJAna Adhunika vijJAna ne Izvara-kartRtvavAda ke sthAna meM prakRti ke niyamoM ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| prakRti ke sAre rahasyoM ke udghATana kA dAvA vijJAna nahIM krtaa| abhI AtmA, karma (pudgala) Adi ke viSaya meM vijJAna kA anusandhAna jArI (3) kArya-kAraNavAda eka kapar3A hai| prazna huA-kapar3A kisase banatA hai?' uttara milA-rUI se banatA hai|' 'rUI kahAM se AI? kapAsa ke paudhe se| kapAsa kA paudhA kisase banA?" 'vanaspati ke jIva aura pudgala-donoM kA yoga milA, kapAsa kA paudhA bana gyaa|' __ kapar3e kA kAraNa hai rUI, rUI kA kAraNa hai kapAsa aura kapAsa kA kAraNa hai jIva tathA pudgala kA yog| prazna aura Age bar3hA-jIva kisase banA, paramANu kisase bnaa| prazna ruka jAtA hai, thama jAtA hai| isakA koI uttara nahIM ho sktaa| jIva ke bAre meM koI kAraNa nahIM batAyA jA sakatA, paramANu ke bAre meM koI kAraNa nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| kAraNa kI khoja yahAM samApta ho jAtI hai| ___jIva kArya nahIM hai aura usakA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| paramANu kArya nahIM aura usakA bhI koI kAraNa nahIM hai| tarkazAstra kA siddhAMta hai-hara vastu meM

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226 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kArya-kAraNa khojo| vaha eka sthUla tathya hai| vyavahAra ke kSetra meM yaha niyama lAgU ho sakatA hai kintu sUkSma jagat meM kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAMta kA koI artha nahIM hai / sUkSma jagat meM na koI kisI kA kAraNa hotA hai aura na koI kisI kA kArya / jIva aura paramANu kA apanA astitva hotA hai aura unakA koI kAraNa nahIM hotaa| yadi paramANu kA koI kAraNa mAnA jAe to kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA ananta bana jaayegii| vaha kahIM thamegI hI nhiiN| tarkazAstra meM ise anavasthA doSa kahA jAtA hai| jIva kA kAraNa mAnane para bhI kArya-kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA kA kahIM anta nahIM hogaa| prazna nirapekSa satya kA satya ke do prakAra hai-sApekSa satya aura nirapekSa sty| kucha dArzanikoM ne kahA-jaina darzana meM jitane satya haiM, ve sAre sApekSa haiN| koI nirapekSa satya nahIM hai| IzvaravAdI Izvara ko nirapekSa satya mAnate haiM kintu jaina darzana meM nirapekSa satya kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| kapar3A satya hai kintu sApekSa satya hai| abhI kapar3A hai aura vaha dasa dina meM badala jAegA saba kucha saapekss| vastuta: nirapekSa satya kyA hai? yaha eka bahuta bar3A prazna rahA hai yadi isa prazna para tAttvika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to jaina darzana ke sAmane yaha koI ulajhana nahIM hai| usameM donoM satya svIkArya hai| paJcAstikAya nirapekSa satya hai vaha kisI kI apekSA se nahIM hai, kisI kAraNa se nahIM hai| vaha kAraNa aura apekSA se mukta eka ahetuka satya hai| usake pIche koI apekSA nahIM hai, koI hetu nahIM hai| vaha apane svabhAva se satya hai| astitva svAbhAvika hai, vahAM kArya-kAraNa kA siddhAMta samApta ho jAtA hai| anAdi pariNamana hai nirapekSa satya jaina darzana kA eka siddhAMta hai-pAriNAmika bhaav| use do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA-anAdi pAriNAmika aura sAdi pAriNAmika / jo mUla tattva haiM, astitva haiM, ve anAdi pAraNiAmika haiN| unake pariNamana kA Adi bindu kisI ko jJAta nahIM haiM astitva kA nirantara pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| astitva astitva meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai, usakA koI Adi bindu nahIM khojA jA sktaa| paMcAstikAya, kAla, loka-aloka ye saba anAdi pAriNAmika hai| dUsarA hai sAdi pAriNAmika / makAna bnaa| pahale makAna nahIM thA, makAna bana gayA-yaha sAdi pariNamana hai| kapar3A nahIM thA, kapar3A bana gayA, yaha sAdi pariNamana hai| manuSya nahIM thA, manuSya bana gayA-yaha sAdi pariNamana hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 227 nirAdhAra bhrama jitane sAdi pariNamana haiM, unameM kArya-kAraNa ko khojA jA sakatA hai| jitane anAdi pariNamana haiM, unameM kArya-kAraNa ko khojane kI koI apekSA nahIM hotii| sAdi pariNamana hai sAdi satya aura anAdi pariNamana hai nirapekSa sty| jaina darzana meM nirapekSa satya kI svIkRti nahIM hai' yaha bhrama nirAdhAra hai, ahetuka hai| jaina darzana meM nirapekSa satya kA spaSTa udghoSa hai| jitane mUla astitva haiM, anAdi pariNamana haiM, ve saba nirapekSa satya haiN| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura kAla-ye saba nirapekSa satya haiN| loka aura aloka bhI nirapekSa satya haiN| inake atirikta jitane bhI sAdi pariNamana haiM, ve saba sApekSa satya haiN| sApekSa satya meM hI kArya-kAraNa ko khojA jA sakatA hai| kAraNa ke tIna prakAra tarkazAstra meM tIna prakAra ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM-upAdAna kAraNa, nimitta kAraNa aura nivartaka kAraNa, sahayogI yA sahakArI kaarnn| ghar3A banAyA jAtA hai, usakA upAdAna kAraNa hai mitttthii| usakA nivartaka kAraNa hai kumhAra / usake banAne meM jina upakaraNoM kA prayoga hotA hai, ve haiM nimitta kaarnn| jitane sAdi pariNamana haiM unameM ina tInoM kAraNoM ko khojA jA sakatA hai kintu yaha Avazyaka nahI hai ki tInoM kAraNa sarvatra upalabdha hoN| upAdAna kAraNa kA honA atyanta anivArya hai| sAdi pariNamana aura nimitta bhI anivArya hai| kintu nivartaka sarvatra ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| ghar3e aura makAna ke nirmANa meM kartA kI jarUrata hotI hai| AkAza meM bAdala banate haiN| unakA koI kartA nahIM hai| yaha svAbhAvika pariNamana hai| jahAM svAbhAvika pariNamana hotA hai, vahAM kartA kI jarUrata nahIM hotI, do kAraNa milakara kArya kI niSpatti kara dete haiN| jo kArya svAbhAvika nahIM hote haiM, kRta hote haiM, unameM tInoM kAraNa upalabdha hote haiN| sRSTi ke nirmANa kA prazna kArya aura kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA para anekAMta dRSTi se vicAra Avazyaka hai| aneka dArzanika sarvatra kArya-kAraNa kI anivAryatA svIkAra karate haiN| sRSTi kA prArambha Izvara se hotA hai Izvara kartA hai aura sRSTi usakA kArya hai| isase upAdAna kA prazna aura adhika ulajha jAtA hai| IzvaravAda aura kArya-kAraNavAda kA bhI paraspara eka saMbaMdha rahA hai| kArya-kAraNavAda ke AdhAra para Izvara ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| eka tarka prastuta hotA hai-'ghar3A eka kArya hai to usakA kartA bhI honA

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228 jaina darzana aura vijJAna caahie| agara sRSTi kArya hai to usakA kartA bhI honA caahie| aura usakA jo kartA hai, vahI Izvara hai| yaha tarka bhI bahuta sulajhA huA nahIM hai| isa sandarbha meM aneka prazna ubhara jAte haiN| Izvara ne sRSTi kA nirmANa kiyA hai| usane saMkalpa se kiyA yA upAdAna se? agara upAdAna maujUda the aura sRSTi kA nirmANa kiyA to paramANuoM ke saMghAta se kiyA yA aise saMkalpa se hI kara diyA? Izvara ne saMkalpa kisA aura sRSTi bana gii| kAmaghaTa kI kahAnI vizruta hai| cintAmaNi vyakti ke pAsa hai, saMkalpa kiyA aura sRSTi taiyAra ho gaI, vastu taiyAra ho gii| kyA saMkalpa se sRSTi kA nirmANa huA yA paramANuoM ke saMghAta se sRSTi kA nirmANa huA? yaha dArzanika jagat kA bahucarcita prazna haiN| upAdAna mUla kAraNa hai ___ yadi paramANu Adi kI sAmagrI se sRSTi kA nirmANa huA hai to isakA artha hogA Izvara bhI anAdi hai aura paramANu Adi kA jagat bhI anAdi hai| isa dRSTi se sRSTi kA nirmANa koI vizeSa bAta nahIM hai| jaise eka kumhAra ghar3A banAtA hai, eka zilpI mUrti kA nirmANa karatA hai vaise hI kisI ne sRSTi kA nirmANa kara diyaa| ise vilakSaNa ghaTanA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| prazna hai sAmagrI kaa| sAmagrI, upAdAna mUla kAraNa hai| use anAdi mAne binA kahIM vyavasthA baiThatI nahIM hai| jaina darzana kA yaha spaSTa abhyupagama hai-pratyeka padArtha anAdi hai| cetana aura acetana-donoM anAdi hai| kAryakAraNa sarvatra mAnya nahIM jaina darzana kI dUsarI mahattvapUrNa svIkRti hai-jitane padArtha kala the, utane hI Aja haiM, utane hI Age rheNge| eka bhI paramANu na kama hogA aura na jyAdA hogaa| jitane the, utane haiM aura utane hI rheNge| yaha traikAlika vyavasthA hai| na kisI ko banAne kI jarUrata aura na kisI ko naSTa hone kI apekssaa| na koI banatA hai aura na koI bigar3atA hai, kevala parivartana hotA hai, pariNamana hotA hai, rUpAMtaraNa hotA hai| saba apane svarUpa meM haiN| isI AdhAra para anekAMta ke isa siddhAMtanityA-nityavAda kA vikAsa huaa| astitva kI dRSTi se pratyeka padArtha nitya hai aura darzana kI dRSTi se pratyeka padArtha anitya hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra na kisI ko nitya kahA jA sakatA hai aura na kisI ko anitya kahA jA sakatA hai| agara paramANu nitya hai to AtmA bhI nitya hai| yadi paramANu anitya hai to AtmA bhI anitya hai| agara AtmA maratA hai to paramANu bhI maratA hai aura paramANu amara

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 229 hai to AtmA bhI amara hai| AtmA aura paramANu - donoM amara haiM, donoM maraNadharmA haiM / ina donoM meM parivartana hotA bhI hai, parivartana nahIM bhI hotA / jaina darzana meM kAryakAraNa ko sarvatra niyamita nahIM kiyA gyaa| pratyeka kArya ke pIche kAraNa honA cAhie, yaha siddhAMta jaina darzana meM sammata nahIM hai| jahAM kevala sAdi pariNamana hotA hai, vahAM yaha siddhAMta lAgU ho sakatA hai / anyatra isakI koI apekSA nahIM hai| jagat : dArzanika jagat kA ahaM prazna dArzanika jagat kA eka ahaM prazna hai - yaha jagat kyA hai? jisa jagat meM hama jI rahe haiM vaha kyA hai? isakA bahuta sIdhA uttara hai - anAdi aura sAdi pariNamana kA yoga, isakA nAma hai jagat / kucha anAdi pariNamana haiM, ve sUkSma haiM, tattva haiM / jo mUla tattva haiM, sUkSma haiM ve adRzya rUpa meM kAma A rahe haiN| jIva sUkSma tattva hai, paramANu sUkSma tattva hai| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya - ye amUrta haiM / pudgala mUrta haiM / 1 jagat ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA - dRzya jagat aura adRzya jagat / cAra tattvoM kA jagat adRzya jagat hai, kAla bhI adRzya hai| kevala pudgala kA jagat dRzya banatA hai| kintu sabhI pudgala hamAre lie dRzya nahIM bnte| do prakAra kI pariNatiyAM hotI haiM-eka sUkSma pariNati aura dUsarI sthUla pariNati / jina pudgaloM kI pariNati sthUla bana jAtI hai, unheM AMkha ke dvArA dekhA jA sakatA / jinakI pariNati sUkSma rahatI hai, unheM AMkha ke dvArA nahIM dekhA jA sakatA / jaise-jaise zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai, adRzya dRzya banate cale jAte haiM / carmacakSuoM se jina vastuoM ko nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, unheM vartamAna meM mAikroskopa ke dvArA dekhA jA sakatA hai, sUkSma yAntrika upakaraNoM ke dvArA dekhA jA sakatA hai| hamArI indriyoM kI paTutA yantra ke mAdhyama se aura adhika bar3ha jAtI hai| eka atizayajJAnI, avadhi - jJAnI aura manaH : paryavajJAnI sUkSma pudgaloM ko dekha sakatA hai| amUrta padArtha ko sarvajJa ke sivAya koI nahIM dekha sktaa| avadhi, mana: paryava, prAtibha jAtismaraNa Adi jJAna se sampanna vyakti sUkSma pudgaloM ko dekha sakate haiM / jo pudgala carmacakSu ke viSaya nahIM banate, ve atIndriya jJAna kA viSaya bana jAte haiM / dRzya jagat kyA hai? sArA dRzya jagat do bhAgoM meM baMTa jAte haiM-cakSu se dekhA jAne vAlA dRzya jagat aura atizaya jJAna ke dvArA dekhA jAne vAlA dRzya jagat / adRzya dRzya kaise banatA hai? sUkSma sthUla pariNati kaise hotI hai? sUkSma ko sthUla kauna karatA hai? ye prazna bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / jaina darzana ne ina para bahuta sUkSmatA se vicAra

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230 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kiyA hai| inameM Izvara-kartRtva svIkAra karane kI koI apekSA nahIM hai| sUkSma se sthUla banane kI prakriyA jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se svAbhAvika rUpa se svata: calatI hai, cala rahI hai / sArA dRzya jagat jIva zarIra kA jagat hai / eka kapar3A vanaspatikAyika jIva kA zarIra hai| eka patthara pRthvIkAyika jIva kA zarIra hai| pAnI, jo pyAsa bujhAtA hai, apkAyika jIva kA zarIra hai| Aga agni - kAyika jIva kA zarIra hai / havA cala rahI hai, sparza ke dvArA usakA bodha hotA hai, vaha vAyukAyika jIvoM kA zarIra hai / manuSya sakAyika jIvoM kA zarIra hai / isa jagat kA pratyeka dRzya padArtha jIva kA zarIra hai / dRzya jagat ke do vikalpa banate haiM- jIvita zarIra aura jIvamukta zarIra / jitanA dRzya jagat hai, jo dikhAI de rahA hai, vaha jIvayukta yA jIvamukta zarIra hai / pratyeka vyakti jIvita zarIra ko dekhatA hai athavA mRta zarIra ko / dRzya jagat ke ye do hI vikalpa haiM / usakA tIsarA koI vikalpa nahIM hai / jaina darzana ke do prasiddha pAribhASika zabda haiM- sacitta aura acitta / jisameM jIvana vidyamAna ho, vaha sacitta zarIra hai| jisakA jIva calA gayA, jo mRta ho gayA, vaha acitta zarIra vAlA hotA hai / yaha niyama atyanta vyApaka hai ki jo dRzya jagat hai, sthUla jagat hai, vaha sArA kA sArA jIva kA zarIra hai / jIva ke dvArA usakA sthUlIkaraNa huA hai / (4) anekAntavAda hama paryAya ko jAnate haiM, dravya ko nahIM jAnate / hamArA sArA dRSTikoNa paryAyavAcI hai / hama manuSya ko jAnate haiM, AtmA ko nahIM jaante| hama pazu ko jAnate haiM AtmA ko nahIM jaante| hama kIr3e-makor3e ko jAnate haiM, AtmA ko nahIM jAnate / hama per3a-paudho ko jAnate haiM, AtmA ko nahIM jaante| per3a-paudhe, kIr3e-makor3e, gAya-bhaiMsa aura AdamI mUla vastu nahIM haiM, mUla dravya nahIM haiM ye saba paryAya haiN| mUla dravya sadA parde ke pIche rahatA hai / jo sAmane AtA hai, vaha usakA eka kaNa yA eka paryAya hotA hai / hama paryAya ko dekhate haiM, dravya ko nahIM dekhte| isIlie hamArA Agraha paryAya meM Abaddha ho jAtA hai / sarala hai paryAya kA darzana paryAya kA darzana bahuta sarala hai| isIlie paryAyavAdI darzana bahuta vaijJAnika darzana lagatA hai | paryAyavAdI darzana jo sAmane hai, usakA nirUpaNa karatA hai aura jo

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 231 sAmane nahIM hai, usako asvIkAra kara detA hai| yaha bahuta sIdhA mArga hai| jo sAmane thA, usako vyAkRta kara diyA gayA aura jo sAmane nahIM thA usako avyAkRta kara diyA gyaa| yaha payAryavAdI darzana hai| manuSya kA eka paryAya hai kintu kyA vaha paryAya hI hai? paryAyavAda ke AdhAra para pahale aura pIche kI bAta nahIM socI jA sakatI, kevala vartamAna kI bAta socI jA sakatI hai| manuSya paryAya hai| usase pahale kyA thA aura bAda meM kyA homA, paryAyavAda ke AdhAra para isakA nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jo vyakti abhI hai, vaha bAda meM kyA hogA aura vaha pahale kyA thA, yaha paryAyavAdI dRSTikoNa meM nahIM socA jA sktaa| do dRSTikoNa eka darzana kA dRSTikoNa hai-jo dRzya hai, vaha sacAI nahIM hai| usa darzana kA svara isa rUpa prakaTa huA-brahma satyaM jagat mithyA / brahma satya hai aura yaha jagat mithyA hai| jo dikha rahA hai, vaha asAra hai, mithyA hai| dUsare darzana kA dRSTikoNa hai-pratyeka paryAya vartamAna hai, kSaNika hai| samApta hone ke bAda kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| yaha siddhAMta paryAya ke AdhAra para calatA hai| jitane paryAya haiM, ve saba mithyA haiN| eka dRSTi se vicAra kareM to paryAya mithyA hai, yaha kahanA bhI asaMgata nahIM hai| paryAya ko mithyA kahA jA sakatA hai| jo abhI hai vaha bAda meM nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai| use mithyA, jhUTha mAnA yA dhokhA mAna leM to koI asvAbhAvika bAta nahIM lgtii| hamAre sAmane do dRSTikoNa haiN| eka dRSTikoNa paryAya ko satya batalA rahA hai aura dUsarA dRSTikoNa paryAya ko mithyA batalA rahA hai| eka ora jagat mithyA aura brahma satyaM kA ghoSa hai to dUsarI ora jagat satya aura brahma avyAkRta kA udghoSa hai| brahma kA koI patA nahIM hai, AtmA kA koI patA nahIM hai, jo dRzya nahIM hai, vaha satya nahIM hai| jo dRzya hai, vaha satya hai| paryAya dRzya hai, dravya dRzya nahIM hai| jJeya tattva do haiM dravya aura paryAya-ina do AdhAra para sAre vicAroM kA vikAsa huA hai, sAre darzanoM kA vikAsa huA hai| jitane bhI darzana haiM ve yA to dravyavAdI haiM yA pryaayvaadii| dravyavAdI darzana dravya kI vyAkhyA kara rahe haiM, nitya aura zAzvata kI vyAkhyA kara rahe haiN| paryAyavAdI darzana anityavAdI darzana hai| tIsarA koI darzana nahIM hai| dravyavAdI darzanoM ne dravya kI vyAkhyA kI aura pratyeka dravya ko kUTastha nitya batAyA hai| dravya nitya hai| nitya hI satya hai, jo anitya hai, vaha satya nahIM hai| eka sUtra bana gayA-zAzvata satya aura azAzvata mithyaa| paryAyavAdI darzanoM ne paryAya kI vyAkhyA kii| unake lie parivartana satya hai aura jo nahIM badalatA hai, vaha asatya hotA hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna jaina AcAryoM ne isa samasyA para vicAra kiyA / unheM lagA- donoM dRSTiyAM ThIka nahIM haiN| donoM meM kamiyAM haiM / jJeya padArtha do haiM- dravya aura paryAya / inake sivAya jAnane kA koI viSaya hI nahIM hai / sArA jJeya viSaya ina do bhAgoM meM hI vibhakta hotA hai| viSaya do haiM to jAnane kI dRSTiyAM bhI do hI hoNgii| dravya ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi dravyArthika naya hai aura paryAya ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi paryAyArthika naya hai / anekAMta aura samyak darzana 232 prazna hotA hai--samyak darzana kyA hai? dravya ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi dravya meM aTaka jAtI hai to vaha mithyA darzana hai aura paryAya ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi paryAya meM aTaka jAtI hai to vaha bhI mithyA darzana hai / dravya ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi dravya kA pratipAdana karatI hai kintu paryAya ko asvIkAra nahIM karatI aura paryAya ko jAnane vAlI dRSTi paryAya kA pratipAdana karatI hai kintu dravya ko asvIkAra nahIM krtii| donoM dRSTiyAM paraspara sApekSa ho jAtI haiN| isakA nAma hai samyak darzana / nirapekSa dRSTi mithyA darzana aura sApekSa dRSTi samyak darzana / anekAMta aura samyak darzana - donoM samAna artha vAle bana jAte haiM / dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika- donoM dRSTiyAM alaga-alaga hotI haiM to ekAMtavAda hotA hai| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika- donoM dRSTiyAM sApekSa hotI haiM, saMyukta ho jAtI haiM to anekAMtavAda prastuta ho jAtA hai| donoM dRSTiyoM kA alaga honA mithyA darzana hai aura donoM dRSTiyoM kA saMyukta honA samyak darzana hai I anekAMta ke niSkarSa jaina darzana ne dravya aura paryAya kI vyAkhyA anekAMta ke AdhAra para kii| isalie jaina darzana na dravyavAdI hai aura na paryAyavAdI hai / vaha dravya ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai aura paryAya ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai / isI AdhAra para jaina darzana ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA- vaha na nityavAdI hai aura na anityavAdI hai kintu nityAnityavAdI hai| vaha na sAmAnyavAdI hai aura na vizeSavAdI hai kintu sAmAnyavizeSavAdI hai| na kavAdI hai aura na anekavAdI hai, kintu ekAnekavAdI hai| vaha na astivAdI hai aura na nAstivAdI hai, kintu astinAstivAdI hai / ye sAre niSkarSa anekAMta ke AdhAra para phalita hue haiN| 1 zAzvatavAda kI samasyA mUla dRSTiyAM do haiM- dravyanaya aura paryAyanaya / jitanA nityatA kA aMza hai, jitanA zAzvata hai, usakA pratipAdana karane vAlI dRSTi dravya dRSTi hai, dravyArthika dRSTi hai / jitanA parivartana kA aMza hai; jitanA anitya hai, usakA pratipAdana karane vAlI

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA 233 dRSTi paryAyArthika dRSTi yA paryAyArthika naya hai| do hI tattva pratyeka darzana ke sAmane haiM-nitya aura anitya, zAzvata aura ashaashvt| jaina darzana zAzvatavAdI nahIM hai| zAzvatavAdI ko kucha karane kI jarUrata nahIM hotii| sAdhanA kA vidhAna banAne kI jarUrata nahIM hotii| AtmA zAzvata hai, nitya hai, jaisA hai vaisA rahegA to sAdhanA kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vyakti sAdhanA kisalie kare? yadi AtmA meM parivartana nahIM hotA hai to sAdhanA vyartha hai| yadi parivartana hotA hai to zAzvatatA kA siddhAMta khaMDita ho jAtA hai| donoM ora se virodha prastuta ho jAtA hai| ekAMgI dRSTikoNa meM donoM ora se samasyA AtI hai| tarka jaina AcAryoM kA jainAcAryoM ne eka tarka prastuta kiyAnaikAMtavAde sukhaduHkhabhogo na puNya-pApe na ca bNdhmokssau| ekAMtavAda meM sukha aura duHkha kA bhoga nahIM ho sakatA, baMdha aura mokSa nahIM ho sakatA, puNya aura pApa nahIM ho sktaa| agara AtmA badalatA nahIM hai to yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki vaha pahale du:khI thA aura aba sukhI bana gyaa| pahale du:khI thA aura aba sukhI bana gyaa| isakA artha hai ki AtmA pahale eka avasthA meM thA aura aba dUsarI avasthA meM A gayA, parivartana ho gyaa| agara AtmA parivartita nahIM hotA hai to yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki pahale du:khI thA, bAda meM sukhI bana gyaa| pahale sukhI aura bAda meM du:khI, yaha sthiti parivartanazIla padArtha meM hI ghaTita ho sakatI hai| isIlie jaina darzana ne AtmA ko na sarvathA zAzvata mAnA aura na sarvathA azAzvata maanaa| AtmA zAzvata bhI hai aura AtmA azAzvata bhI hai| AtmA zAzvata hai, isalie anAdikAla se usakA astitva banA rahatA hai| AtmA azAzvata hai, isalie usakA astitva nAnA paryAyoM meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai| vaha kabhI sukhI banatA hai aura kabhI du:khI banatA hai| vaha kabhI manuSya banatA hai aura kabhI pazu banatA hai| ___ yadi AtmA zAzvata hI hai to puNya aura pApa kI vyavasthA ghaTita nahIM ho sktii| yadi zAzvata hI hai to mAnanA hogA ki sAre saMsAra kI hatyA karake bhI AtmA usameM lipta nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki vaha zAzvata hai, jaisA hai, vaisA hI rahatA hai, usameM eka rAI kA bhI pharka nahIM pdd'taa| isa sthiti meM na puNya kI bAta ho sakatI hai aura na pApa kii| vyakti kucha bhI kare, na puNya hogA aura na pApa hogaa| yadi AtmA zAzvata hai to baMdha kisakA aura mokSa kisakA? ye sAre parivartanazIla padArthoM meM hI ghaTita ho sakate haiN|

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234 jaina darzana aura vijJAna jaina darzana kI bhASA jaina darzana ke anusAra jaisI eka AtmA hai, vaisA hI eka paramANu hai| bahuta bAra kahA jAtA hai-AtmA amara hai, zarIra maratA hai, yaha jaina darzana kI bhASA nahIM hai| AtmA amara hai, yaha sarvathA sahI nahIM hai| eka paramANu bhI amara hai| koI pharka nahIM hai| agara paramANu maratA hai, zarIra maratA hai to AtmA bhI maratA hai| prazna hotA hai-zarIra kyA hai? zarIra mUla dravya nahIM hai| zarIra eka paryAya hai| mUla dravya hai prmaannu| zarIra nahIM rahA, hama kahate haiM-amuka vyakti mara gyaa| vastuta: naSTa kucha bhI nahIM huaa| kevala rUpAntaraNa huaa| jo paramANu zarIra meM the, ve zarIra ke rUpa meM samApta ho gaye aura dUsare rUpa meM badala gae / eka sArvabhauma siddhAMta hai-jitane dravya isa saMsAra meM haiM, utane hI haiM, utane hI the aura utane hI rheNge| eka bhI paramANu na adhika hogA aura na nyUna hogaa| kucha bhI parivartana nahIM hogaa| parivartana kA siddhAMta aparivartana ke siddhAMta se jur3A huA hai| samasyA hai-jo kevala dravyArthika naya ko mAnakara calate haiM, ve kabhI parivartana kI vyAkhyA nahIM kara sakate aura jo kevala parivartana ko mAnakara calate haiM, ve mUla srota kI vyAkhyA nahIM kara skte| samanvaya kI maulika dRSTiyAM bauddha darzana paryAyavAcI darzana hai| jaba usake sAmane AtmA Adi ke prazna Ae to unheM avyAkRta kahakara TAla diyA gyaa| kyoMki ekAMtavAda ke dvArA unakI samyak vyAkhyA ho nahIM sktii| jaina darzana ne ina donoM dRSTiyoM-dravyArthika dRSTi aura paryAyArthika dRSTi kA samanvaya kiyaa| jaina darzana ne kahA-mUla tattva bhI hai aura paryAya bhI hai| isalie usane dravya kI vyAkhyA bhI kI aura paryAya kI vyAkhyA bhI kii| usane zAzvata aura azAzvata-donoM kA samanvaya saadhaa| Aja ke vicAraka aura vidvAna kahate haiM-jaina darzana maulika darzana nahIM hai| yaha dUsare darzanoM kA samuccaya hai| dUsare darzanoM ke vicAroM kA eka pulindA hai| yaha dhAraNA kyoM banI? isakA AdhAra banA-jaina AcAryoM kI samanvaya-dRSTi / jaina AcAryoM ne samanvaya kiyA nayoM ke AdhAra pr| yaha unakA samanvayaparaka dRSTikoNa thaa| samanvaya kA dRSTikoNa jina dRSTiyoM se kiyA, ve unakI apanI maulika thiiN| kintu jaba samanvaya sAdhA to dUsaroM ko lagA-sAMkhya AtmA ko kUTastha nitya mAnatA hai| nityavAdavedAMta kA siddhAMta bhI hai| anityavAda bauddhoM kA siddhAMta hai| jainoM ne nityavAda sAMkhya aura vedAMta se le liyA aura anityavAda-paryAyavAda bauddhoM se le liyaa| para yaha lene kA prazna nahIM thaa| yaha prazna thA samanvaya kaa|

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235 jaina darzana aura vijJAna : satya kI mImAMsA parivartana : aparivartana _AcArya siddhasena ne likhA-dravyArthika naya bilakula sahI hai| yadi dravyArthika naya bilakula sahI hai to sAMkhya kA kUTastha nitya bhI bilakula sahI hai| paryAyArthika naya bilakula sahI hai aura yadi paryAyArthika naya sahI hai to bauddha kA kSaNabhaMguravAda bilakula sahI hai| yadi ekAMta nityavAda nirapekSa hai aura vaha kahatA hai-kevala kUTastha nitya hI sahI hai, parivartana sahI nahIM hai, to vaha samyaka nahIM hai| yadi ekAMta anityavAda nirapekSa hai aura vaha kahatA hai kevala parivartana hI samyak hai, aparivartana sahI nahIM hai, to vaha bhI samyak nahIM hai| parivartana aura aparivartana-donoM kA samanvaya karo, donoM ko eka sAtha jor3a do to donoM sahI ho jaaeNge| vairAgya kA AdhAra : parivartanavAda vastu ko dekhane kA yaha dRSTikoNa anekAMta kI apanI maulikatA hai| hama dravya ko kisa dRSTi se dekheN| eka makAna hai| hama use kisa dRSTi se dekheN| hama soceM-makAna dravya hai yA pryaay| hamArA dRSTikoNa yaha honA cAhie-makAna eka paryAya hai, hama jo kapar3A pahane hue haiM, vaha eka paryAya hai| jo paryAya hotA hai, vaha parivartanazIla hotA hai| vairAgya kA vikAsa parivartanavAda ke AdhAra para hotA hai| vairAgya ke vikAsa kA bahuta bar3A AdhAra banatA hai pryaayvaad| abhI eka kapar3A sApha-sutharA aura bar3hiyA laga rahA thA kintu thor3I hI dera bAda vaha mailA ho jaaegaa| kucha dinoM ke bAda vaha phaTa jAegA aura kucha samaya bAda vaha samApta ho jaaegaa| vaha kSaNabhaMgura hai| zarIra kI bhI yahI avasthA hai| hara padArtha kI yahI avasthA hai| eka padArtha abhI bahuta acchA hai kintu kucha hI samaya ke bAda vaha badala jAegA, bigar3a jaaegaa| isa parivartanavAda ke AdhAra para vairAgya kA vikAsa huaa| zAzvatavAda ke AdhAra para vairAgya jaisI koI cIja banatI hI nahIM hai| jo zAzvata hai, jaisA hai, vaisA hI rahegA, isameM kyA rAga hogA aura kyA virAga hogA? rAga aura virAga-donoM parivartanavAda ke AdhAra para banate haiN| paryAya kahAM se AtA hai paryAyArthika naya hamAre sAmane spaSTa hai| prazna upasthita kiyA gayA-paryAya kahAM se AtA hai? eka manuSya hai| prazna hotA hai-kyA vaha manuSya hI hai| vaha manuSya se pahale bhI kucha hai, usake bAda bhI kucha hai? isa khoja meM caleM to hama dravya taka phuNceNge| jo kapar3A abhI hai, kyA vaha pahale bhI thA, bAda meM bhI hogA? isa khoja meM caleM to hama paramANu taka phuNceNge| yaha mUla dravya kI khoja hai, sUkSmatama tattva kI khoja hai| paryAya

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236 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kI khoja sthUlatattva kI khoja hai, sAmane dikhane vAle padArtha kI khoja hai| hama kevala paryAya yA parivartana para aTake na raheM, mUla dravya kI khoja meM Age bar3hate cale jAeM, isake sivAya koI gaMtavya nahIM hai| samAdhAna hai anekAnta . jaina samAja ko virAsata meM jo eka mahAn darzana milA hai, jagat ko dekhane kA eka samyak aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa milA hai| yadi usakA samyak prayoga kiyA jAe to zAyada anekAMtavAda pUre saMsAra ko eka nayA dRSTikoNa aura eka nayA darzana de sakatA hai| anekAMta kA yaha dRSTikoNa aneka mithyA abhinivezoM, AgrahoM ko miTAne aura eka sAmaMjasyapUrNa samAja kI saMracanA karane meM bahuta sahayogI bana sakatA hai, upayogI ho sakatA hai| abhyAsa 1. niyamavAda se Apa kyA samajhate haiM? janma, mRtyu aura roga ke saMdarbha meM niyamavAda kI vyAkhyA kreN| 2. kyA amIrI aura garIbI ke lie apane karma hI jimmevAra haiM? apane uttara ko sakAraNa spaSTa kreN| 3. IzvaravAda aura karmavAda meM kyA antara hai? 4. jagat (sRSTi) kI utpatti ko kArya-kAraNavAda ke dvArA jaina darzana ke AdhAra para smjhaaie| 5. dravyArthika naya aura paryAyArthika naya ke AdhAra para anekAMtavAda ke hArda ko spaSTa kreN| 6. jaina darzana aura vijJAna ke kSetra meM kie gae satya-mImAMsA ke prayatnoM kI tulanA kreN|

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: samaya 6. jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa dravya-mImAMsA jaina darzana meM 'vizva' ke lie 'loka' zabda prayukta huA hai| 'loka' kA vyutpattijanaka artha hai-jo dekhA jAtA hai, vaha loka hai| yaha 'loka' kI kevala sthUla paribhASA hai| loka' kI vyAkhyAtmaka paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai : " jisameM cha: prakAra ke dravya haiM, vaha loka hai|'' ina cha: dravyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. dharmAstikAya : gati-sahAyaka dravya 2. adharmAstikAya : sthiti-sahAyaka dravya 3. AkAzAstikAya : Azraya dene vAlA dravya 4. kAla 5. pudgalAstikAya : mUrta jar3a padArtha (Matter) 6. jIvAstikAya : caitanyazIla AtmA (Soul) ina cha: dravyoM kI saha-avasthiti 'loka' hai| isa prakAra kI dravya-mImAMsA jaina darzana kI apanI vizeSatA hai| cha: dravyoM meM se kAla ko chor3akara zeSa pAMca dravya astikAya kahe gaye haiN| 'astikAya' kA tAtparya hai ki ye dravya sapradezI-sAvayavI haiN| 'kAla' dravya ke pradeza nahIM hote; ata: use astikAya nahIM kahA gayA hai| isa kAraNa se kahIM-kahIM loka kI carcA karate hue loka ko 'paMcAstikAyarUpa' batAyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM jisako hama 'vizva' (yunivarsa) kI saMjJA dete haiM, vaha 'loka' hai| AkAza : loka aura aloka Upara batAye gaye cha: dravyoM meM tIsarA dravya AkAzAstikAya AkAza (spesa) kA sUcaka hai| AkAzAstikAya ko saMkSepa meM AkAza bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isakI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "vaha dravya, jo anya sabhI dravyoM ko avagAha athavA Azraya detA hai, usako 'AkAza' kahate haiN|" AkAza vAstavika dravya hai| dravya kI dRSTi se AkAza eka aura akhaNDa dravya hai arthAt usakI racanA meM sAtatya hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se AkAza ananta aura asIma mAnA gayA hai| yaha sarvavyApI hai aura inake pradezoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai| kAla kI dRSTi

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238 jaina darzana aura vijJAna se AkAza anAdi aura ananta hai arthAt zAzvata hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se AkAza amUrta hai-varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza se rahita hai arthAt abhautika hai-bhautika athavA jar3a (maiTara) dravya se bhinna hai; caitanya-rahita hone se ajIva hai; gati rahita hone se agatizIla hai| samasta AkAza-dravya anya dravyoM ke dvArA avagAhita nahIM hai; ata: eka hone para bhI, anya dravyoM ke astitva ke kAraNa vaha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAtA 1. lokaakaash| 2. alokaakaash| AkAza kA vaha bhAga, jo dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, kAla, pudgalAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya-ina pAMca dravyoM dvArA avagAhita hai, vaha lokAkAza hai| zeSa bhAga, jahAM AkAza ke atirikta aura koI dravya nahIM hotA, vaha alokAkAza hai| lokAkAza ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA asaMkhyAta hai, alokAkAza ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai| lokAkAza eka, akhaNDa sAnta aura sasIma hai| usakI sImA se pare alokAkAza eka ora akhaNDa hai tathA asIma-ananta taka phailA huA hai| sasIma loka cAroM ora se ananta aloka se ghirA huA hai| arthAt aloka eka vizAla gole ke samAna hai, jisakI trijyA ananta hai| isa kathana se yahI artha nikalatA hai ki dharma, adharma Adi pAMca dravyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA yaha vizva (lokAkAza) ananta AkAza-samudra meM eka dvIpa ke samAna hai| yahAM para yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI Avazyaka hai ki AkAza-loka aura aloka-eka ora akhaNDa dravya hai| anya dravyoM ke astitva tarka ke AdhAra para nimna prakAra se siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai-lokAkAza athavA sakriya vizva ke astitva ke viSaya meM koI saMdeha nahIM karatA, kyoMki vaha indriyoM ke dvArA pratyakSatayA jAnA jAtA hai aura sabake dvArA grAhya hai| kintu yadi lokAkAza kA astitva svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to alokAkAza kA astitva svata: pramANita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki tarkazAstra ke anusAra jisakA vAcaka pada vyutpattimAna aura zuddha hotA hai, vaha padArtha sat pratipakSa hotA hai| udAharaNArtha-jaise aghaTa ghaTa kA pratipakSa hai| ghaTa' zabda vidhi-vAcaka hai; aghaTa niSedhavAcaka hai| isI taraha alokAkAza lokAkAza kA niSedha-vAcaka hai-vipakSa hai; ata: alokAkAza kA astitva lokAkAza ke sAtha svIkRta ho jAtA hai| dhana aura RNa Ithara cha: dravyoM meM se prathama do dravya dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko hama

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva - mImAMsA 239 kramaza: dhana Ithara (pAjiTiva Ithara ) aura RNa Ithara ( negeTiva Ithara ) kaha sakate haiM / ye donoM tattva-dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya jaina darzana dvArA pratipAdita vizva-siddhAMta meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM / dharmAstikAya vaha tattva hai, jo loka meM sabhI padArthoM kI sabhI prakAra kI gati se asAdhAraNa rUpa meM sahAyya karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha kA asAdhAraNa mAdhyama (mIDiyama ) hai / adharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa hai - saba padArthoM kI sthiti meM- agati meM asAdhAraNa rUpa se sahAyya karanA / kevala 'Ithara' zabda 'gati ke mAdhyama' ke lie prayukta hotA hai / gati aura sthiti ko yadi hama abhisamayAnusAra 'dhana' aura 'RNa' mAna leM to dharmAstikAya ko dhana Ithara aura adharmAstikAya ko RNa Ithara kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / ye donoM Ithara dravya kI dRSTi se eka, akhaNDa aura svatantra vAstavika dravya haiN| kSetra kI dRSTi se ye kevala lokAkAza meM vyApta haiM, alokAkAza meM donoM kA hI astitva nahIM mAnA gayA hai; ata: jitanI lokAkAza ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA hai, utanI hI inake pradezoM kI saMkhyA hai - arthAt 'asaMkhyAta' haiM / kAla kI dRSTi se ye anAdi aura annata haiM arthAt zAzvata haiN| svarUpa kI dRSTi se ye abhautika haiM, amUrta haiM, agatizIla haiM; caitanya - rahita haiM / AkAza dravya kA astitva adhikAMza darzana aura vijJAna nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra karate haiM; jabaki dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kA astitva kevala jaina darzana hI svIkAra karatA hai| jaina AgamoM meM inake lie tarka para AdhArita pramANa die gae haiN| kArya-kAraNavAda ke anusAra pratyeka kArya ke lie do prakAra ke kAraNa Avazyaka haiM- upAdAna aura nimitta / upAdAna kAraNa vaha hai, jo svayaM kAryarUpa meM pariNata ho jaae| nimitta kAraNa vaha hai, jo kArya ke niSpanna hone meM sahAyaka ho / yadi kisI padArtha kI gati hotI hai, to usameM upAdAna kAraNa to vaha padArtha svayaM hai / kiMtu nimitta kAraNa kyA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karane ke lie hameM koI aise padArtha kI AvazyakatA ho jAtI hai, jisakI sahAyatA padArtha kI gati meM anivArya ho / yadi havA Adi ko nimitta kAraNa mAnA jAe, to yaha eka nayA prazna utpanna ho jAtA hai ki unakI (havA Adi kI ) gati meM kaunasA nimitta kAraNa hai? yadi isI prakAra kisI anya dravya ko nimitta mAnA jAe, to aise kAraNoM kI paramparA calatI hI jAtI hai aura 'anavasthA doSa' ( Regresus ad infinitum) kI utpatti ho jAtI hai, isalie aise padArtha kI AvazyakatA ho jAtI hai / jo svayaM gatimAn na ho / yadi pRthvI, jala Adi sthira dravyoM ko nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai, to bhI yaha yukta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki ye padArtha samasta lokavyApI nahIM haiM / yaha Avazyaka hai ki gati-mAdhyama ke rUpa meM jisa padArtha ko mAnA jAtA hai, vaha sarvavyApI

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240 ho / isa prakAra kisI aise dravya kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai, jo 1. svayaM gatizUnya ho; 2. samasta loka meM vyApta ho; 3. dUsare padArthoM kI gati meM sahAyaka ho ske| I aisA dravya dharmAstikAya hI hai / yahAM yadi dharmAstikAya kA svatantra astitva svIkAra na karake AkAza dravya ko hI ina lakSaNoM se yukta mAnA jAe, to bhI eka bar3I kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai / kyoMki yadi AkAza dravya hI padArthoM kI gati meM sahAyaka ho, to AkAza asIma aura ananta hone ke kAraNa gatimAn padArthoM kI gati bhI ananta AkAza zakya ho jAtI hai- unakI gati abAdhita ho jAtI hai / pariNAmasvarUpa ananta AtmAeM aura ananta jar3a padArtha ananta AkAza meM niraMkuzatayA gati karane laga jAte haiM aura unakA paraspara saMyoga honA aura vyavasthita, sAMta aura nirvAsita vizva ke rUpa meM lokAkAza kA honA, asambhava ho jAtA hai / kintu isa vizva kA rUpa vyavasthita hai, vizva eka kramabaddha saMsAra (Cosmos) ke rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai, na ki avyavasthita Dhera (Chaos ) kI trh| ye tathya hameM isa nirNaya para le jAte haiM ki vizva kI vyavasthA kA AdhAra kisI svataMtra niyama para hai / pariNAmasvarUpa hameM yaha nirNaya karanA par3atA hai ki padArthoM kI gati - agati meM sahAyaka AkAza nahIM, apitu dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya nAmaka svataMtra dravya hai / jaina darzana aura vijJAna jisa prakAra gati- sthiti ke nimitta ke rUpa meM dharma aura adharma dravyoM kI upadhAraNA (poscyulezana) Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra loka- aloka ke vibhAjana meM bhI inako mAne binA tarkasammata samAdhAna nahIM miltaa| jaise kundakundAcArya ne likhA hai; 'loka sImita hai aura usase Age aloka - AkAza asIma hai| isalie padArthoM kI aura prANiyoM kI vyavasthita rUparekhA ko banAe rakhane ke lie AkAza ke atirikta anya koI tattva honA cAhie- yadi gati aura agati kA mAdhyama AkAza hI hai, to phira aloka - AkAza kA astitva hI nahIM rahegA aura loka vyavasthA kA bhI lopa ho jaaegaa|' loka aura aloka kA vibhAjana eka zAzvata tathya hai; ata: isake vibhAjaka tattva bhI zAzvata hone cAhie / kRtrima vastu se zAzvata AkAza kA vibhAjana nahIM ho sakatA; ata: Upara batAye gaai chaH dravyoM meM hI vibhAjaka tattva ho sakate haiN| yadi hama AkAza ko hI vibhAjaka mAneM to yaha upayukta nahIM hogA, kyoMki AkAza svayaM vibhajyamAna hai, ata: vaha vibhAjana ke hetu nahIM bana sktaa| yadi kAla ko vibhAjaka tattva mAnA jAe to bhI tarka-saMgata nahIM hotA, kyoMki kAla vastutaH (nizcaya dRSTi se ) to jIva aura ajIva kI paryAya mAtra hai / yaha kevala aupacArika dravya hai / vyAvahArika loka ke sImita kSetra meM hI vidyamAna hai, jabaki naizcayika kAla loka aura aloka ;

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 241 donoM meM hai| jIva aura pudgala gatizIla dravya hai ata: ye vibhAjaka tattva ke yogya nahIM haiN| isa prakAra cha: dravyoM meM se kevala do dravya zeSa raha jAte haiM, jo loka-aloka kA vibhAjana kara skeN| ata: dharmAstikArya aura adharmAstikAya-ye do dravya AkAza kA vibhAjana karate haiN| jahAM-jahAM yaha do vidyamAna haiM, vahAM-vahAM jIva aura pudgala gati karate haiM aura sthira rahate haiN| jahAM inakA astitva nahIM hai, vahAM kisI bhI dravya kI gati aura sthiti sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra lokAkAza aura alokAkAza kA vibhAjana ho jAtA hai| isalie kahA gayA hai-"dharma aura adharma ko loka tathA aloka kA pariccheda mAnanA yuktiyukta hai| yadi aisA na ho, to unake vibhAga kA AdhAra hI kyA bne|" isa prakAra dharmAstikAya va adharmAstikAya gati-sthiti-nimittaka aura loka-aloka-vibhAjaka dravyoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kie gae haiN| ukta samaya vivecana ko saMkSipta meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai : dharmAstikAya (dhana Ithara), adharmAstikAya (RNa Ithara), AkAza, kAla, pudgalAstikAya, aura jIvAstikAya-ina cha: dravyoM se banA huA yaha loka parimita hai| isa loka se pare AkAza-dravya kA ananta samudra hai, jisameM ItharoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa koI bhI jar3a padArtha yA jIva gati karane meM yA Thaharane meM samartha nahIM hai| kAla dravya cha: dravyoM meM kAla-dravya' eka aisA tattva rahA hai, jisake svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhI jainAcArya ekamata nahIM rahe haiM, jabaki AkAza, dharma aura adharma-ina tIna dravyoM ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vibhinna jainAcArya prAya: eka-mata haiN| 'kAla' zabda ke vibhinna artha hote haiM, kintu jaina darzana kI dravya-mImAMsA meM prayukta kAla' zabda kA paryAyavAcI 'samaya' hai| vaise 'samaya' kA pAribhASika artha jaina darzana ke anusAra 'kAla kA avibhAjya aMza' hai| kintu sAmAnya vyavahAra meM prayukta 'samaya' zabda 'kAla' kA hI sUcaka hai| jahAM dravyoM kI gaNanA AI hai, vahAM kAla ko bhI ginA gayA hai| jahAM astikAyoM kA varNana hai, vahAM kAla ko nahIM ginA gyaa| zvetAmbara aura digambara-paramparA isa viSaya meM to ekamata hai hI ki 'kAla' astikAya nahIM hai| 'astikAya' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai; 'jIva, pudgala dharma, adharma tathA AkAza-ye pAMcoM dravya vidyamAna haiN| isalie inako 'asti' (hai) aisA kahA gayA hai aura ye 'kAya' ke samAna bahu pradezoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM, isalie inako 'kAya' kahate haiN| 'asti' tathA 'kAya' donoM ko milAne se 'astikAya' hotA hai|'' arthAt ye pAMca dravya kevala astitvavAna hI nahIM haiM yA kevala pradeza-samUha hI nahIM hai kintu donoM meM hI haiM; ata: 'astikAya' saMjJA se batAe gae haiN| inake pradezoM ke vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa ye tiryaka-pracayaskandha' ke rUpa meM haiM aura vistAra inakA sahaja guNa ho jAtA hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza

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242 jaina darzana aura vijJAna aura jIva ke skandhoM ke paramANu jitane kAlpanika vibhAga kie jAeM, to AkAza ke ananta aura zeSa tInoM ke asaMkhya hote haiN| ye vibhAga 'pradeza' kahalAte haiN| isa prakAra AkAza ananta pradezAtmaka aura dharma, adharma aura eka jIva asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka hai| pudgala ke paramANu jaba jur3ate haiM, taba skandhoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| do paramANuoM ke milane se dvipradezI pudgala skandha banatA hai yAvat ananta paramANuoM ke jur3ane se ananta-pradezI skandha banatA hai| isa prakAra 'kAla' ko chor3a kara zeSa pAMcoM hI dravyoM ke pradeza' hote haiN| kevala kAla apradezI hai| kAla kA kevala vartamAna samaya hI astitva meM hotA hai| bhUta samaya to vyatIta ho cukA hai-naSTa ho cukA hai aura anAgata (bhaviSya) samaya anutpanna hai| vartamAna samaya 'eka' hotA hai, isalie isakA tiryak-pracaya nahIM hotA, arthAt kAla 'astikAya' nahIM hai| kAla kI vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM jainAcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda rahA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM AcAryoM ne kAla ke do bheda kara die haiM : vyAvahArika kAla aura naizcayika kAla / naizcayika kAla anya dravyoM ke parivartana kA hetu hai| jIva, pudgala Adi dravyoM meM pratyeka samaya meM jo pariNamana hotA rahatA hai-paryAya badalatI rahatI hai, vaha naizcayika kAla ke nimitta se hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, naizcayika kAla ko jIva aura ajIva kI paryAya kahA gayA hai| jo jisa dravya kI paryAya hai, vaha usa dravya ke antargata hI hai; ata: jIva kI paryAya jIva hai aura ajIva kI paryAya ajIva / isa prakAra naizcayika kAla jIva bhI hai aura ajIba bhI hai| kAla kA nirUpaNa jaba nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se hotA hai, taba vaha 'naizcayika kAla' kahalAtA hai; ata: vAstavika kAla 'naizcayika kAla' hI mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI ora kAla kA jaba vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se nirUpaNa hotA hai, taba vaha 'vyAvahArika kAla' kahalAtA hai| vyAvahArika kAla ko 'dravya' kahA gayA hai| kAla ko vyavahAra-dRSTi se 'dravya mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki kAla ke kucha eka upakAra athavA lakSaNa vyavahAra meM atyanta upayogI hai aura jo upakAraka' hotA hai, usako dravya kahA jA sakatA hai| jina upakAroM ke kAraNa kAla 'dravya' kI koTi meM ginA jAtA hai, ve mukhyatayA pAMca haiM : vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aprtv| 'vartanA' kA artha hai-vartamAna rahanA-kisI bhI padArtha ke vartamAna rahane kA artha yahI hai ki usakA astitva kucha 'avadhi' taka hotA hai| yaha 'avadhi' zabda kA kA hI sUcaka hai| yadyapi 'kAla' kisI bhI dravya ko astitva kI avasthiti pradAna nahIM karatA, phira bhI jisa avadhi taka padArtha rahatA hai, vaha kAla ke una saba kSaNoM 1. tInoM vimiti meM vistAra hone se tiryak-pracaya' kahalAtA hai| kevala eka hI vaimitika vistAra 'Urdhva-pracaya' kahalAtA hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 243 kI sUcaka hai, jisameM padArtha kA astitva banA rahatA hai, 'vartanA' kI taraha pariNamana' ko bhI 'kAla' ke binA nahIM samajhAyA jA sktaa| jaba kisI padArtha meM pariNamana hotA hai, taba svAbhAvika rUpa se usa parivartana kI kAlAvadhi kA sUcana hameM hotA hai| kriyA' meM gati Adi kA samAveza hotA hai| 'gati' kA artha hai-AkAza pradezoM meM kramaza: sthAna-parivartana krnaa| ata: kisI bhI padArtha kI gati meM sthAna-parivartana kA vicAra usameM lagane vAle kAla ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra, anya kriyAoM meM bhI samaya kA vyaya hotA hai| paratva aura aparatva arthAt 'pahale AnA' aura bAda meM honA' athavA 'purAnA' aura 'nayA'; ye vicAra bhI kAla ke binA nahIM samajhAye jA skte| isa prakAra vyavahAra meM vartanA Adi ko samajhane ke lie 'kAla' ko 'dravya' mAnA gayA hai| vyAvahArika kAla gaNanAtmaka' hai| kAla ke sUkSmatama aMza samaya se lekara pudgala-parAvartana taka ke aneka mAna vyAvahArika kAla ke hI bheda haiN| inameM ghar3I, muharta, ahorAtra, mAsa, varSa Adi (athavA saikiNDa, miniTa, ghaNTA Adi) ke bheda bhI samAviSTa haiN| sUrya-candra kI gati ke AdhAra se inakA mApa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu jaina darzana ke anusAra vizva ke saba sthAnoM meM sUrya-candra kI gati nahIM hotI hai| eka maryAdita kSetra ko chor3akara zeSa sthAnoM meM jahAM ye AkAzIya piNDa avasthita haiM, vahAM dina, rAtri Adi kAla-mAna nahIM hote| isalie yaha mAnA gayA hai ki vyAvahArika kAla kevala samaya-kSetra' taka sImita hai| isa samaya vivecana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki kAla svayaM meM koI svatantra 'vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA' nahIM hai, kintu vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatAoM' kA hI eka aMga-paryAya hai| kucha anya AcAryoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra naizcayika kAla vAstavika dravya hai, jabaki vyAvahArika kAla naizcayika kAla kI paryAya-rUpa hai| digambara paramparA meM 'kAla' ke viSaya meM jo pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, vaha ukta mantavya se sarvathA bhinna prakAra kA hai| digambara AcAryoM ne yadyapi kAla ke do bheda-naizcayika aura vyAvahArika kAla svIkAra kie haiM, phira bhI inakI paribhASAeM bhinna prakAra se kI haiN| suprasiddha digambara AcArya zrI nemicandra siddhAMta cakravartI (I. 10vIM zatAbdI) kAla ke viSaya meM likhate haiM :" jo dravyoM ke parivartana-rUpa, pariNAma-rUpa dekhA jAtA hai, vaha to vyAvahArika kAla hai aura vartanA lakSaNa' kA dhAraka jo kAla hai, vaha naizciyika kAla hai| jo lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza meM ratnoM kI rAzi ke samAna paraspara bhinna hokara eka-eka sthita haiM, ve kAlANu hai aura asaMkhyAta dravya haiN|" naizcayika kAla, jo ki kAlANuoM ke rUpa meM hai, vAstavika dravya hai aura saMkhyA kI

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244 jaina darzana aura vijJAna apekSA se-asaMkhyAta hai, kyoMki lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM aura pratyeka pradeza para eka-eka kAlANu sthita hai| ye kAlANu eka-dUsare se svatantra haiM; isIlie kAla dravya astikAya nahIM bntaa| kAlANu-rUpa naizcayika kAla 'vartanA' lakSaNa ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai| pratyeka dravya ke samaya-samaya meM hone vAle pariNamanoM meM upAdAna kAraNa to ve svayaM hI hote haiN| kintu una pariNamanoM meM nimitta rUpa se sahAyaka kAlANu hote haiM aura unakI isa sahakAritA ko 'vartanA' kahate haiN| kucha eka AcAryoM ke anusAra dravyoM meM hone vAle paryAya-rUpa parivartanoM meM bhI prati samaya jo dravya ke dhauvya kI anubhUti hotI hai, vaha vartanA hai| isa vartanA lakSaNa kA dhAraka jo kAlANa dravya hai, vaha naizcayika kAla hai| tAtparya yahI hai ki kAlANu ke nimitta se dravyoM meM parivartana (paryAya) hotA hai aura sAtha-sAtha unake astitva kI bhI dhruvratA banI rahatI hai| kAlANu svayaM bhI utpatti, vinAza aura dhauvya-rUpa tripuTI se yukta mAnA gayA haiM vartamAna samaya' kI utpatti hotI hai, atIta samaya kA vinAza aura ina donoM ke AdhArabhUta kAlANu dhruva raha jAte haiN| isa prakAra jo dravya kI paribhASA hai, vaha kAlANu ke lie lAgU hotI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa kAlANu vAstavika dravya mAnA gayA hai| dravyoM meM navIna aura prAcIna Adi paryAyoM kA samaya. ghaDI. mahata Adi rUpa sthiti ko 'vyAvahArika kAla' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| arthAt dravya kI paryAya se sambandha rakhane vAlI jo samaya, ghaTikA Adi rUpa sthiti hai, vaha sthiti hI - vyavahAra kAla' saMjJA kI dhAraka hotI hai, kintu jo dravya kI paryAya hai, vaha vyavahAra kAla' nahIM hai| yaha vyAvahArika kAla pariNAma, kriyA, paratva, aparatva, Adi lakSaNoM se jAnA jAtA hai; vyAvahArika kAla Adi aura anta sahita hotA hai, jabaki naizcayika kAla (kAlANu) zAzvata hai-Adi-anta rahita hai| vyAvahArika kAla svayaM dravya nahIM hai| isa prakAra naizcayika kAla (jo svatantra dravya hai) ke nimitta se anya dravyoM meM paryAyarUpa parivartana hotA hai aura ina paryAyoM kI sthiti se vyAvahArika kAla' jAnA jAtA hai| astu, zvetAmbara-paramparA meM naizcayika kAla ko kevala jIva aura ajIva kI paryAya rUpa mAnA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM naizcayika kAla ko vastu-sApekSa svatantra vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa : ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta se pUrva AinsTIna ke ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta (Theory of Relativity) se pUrva vaijJAnika jagat meM 'AkAza aura kAla' sambandhI eka sarvamAnya siddhAMta thA, jo ki sara

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 245 Aijaka nyUTana (I. 1642-1727) dvArA sarvaprathama diyA gayA thA / dArzanika geseNDI ke AkAza sambandhI vicAroM se prabhAvita hokara nyUTana ne isa siddhAMta kI sthApanA kI thii| apanI vizva-vikhyAta pustaka 'priMsipiyA' (Principia) meM 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' kA vivecana karate hue nyUTana ne likhA hai : nirapekSa AkAza, apane svabhAva aura bAhya kisI vastu kI apekSA binA, sadA eka-sA aura sthira rahatA hai" aura kAla ke sambandha meM "nirapekSa, vAstavika aura gANitika kAla apane Apa aura svabhAvata: kisI bAhya vastu kI apekSA binA sadA samAna rUpa se rahatA hai|" nyUTana kI ina vyAkhyAoM spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nyUTana ne AkAza aura kAla ko svataMtra vastu sApekSa vAstavika tattva mAnA hai| inakA astitva na to jJAtA para nirbhara hai aura na anya bhautika padArthoM para, jinako ve Azraya dete haiM athavA sambandhita karate haiM / "sabhI vastueM AkAza meM sthAna kI apekSA se rahI huIM haiN|" nyUTana ke isa kathana kA tAtparya yahI hai ki AkAza eka agatizIla ( sthira) AdhAra ke rUpa meM hai tathA usameM pRthvI aura anya AkAzIya piNDa rahe hue haiN| yaha (AkAza) asIma vistAra vAlA hai| cAhe vaha kisI draSTA (athavA jJAtA) ke dvArA dekhA jAye (athavA anubhava kiyA jAya) yA nahIM aura cAhe vaha koI padArtha dvArA avagAhita ho athavA nahIM, inakI apekSA binA svataMtra rUpa se astitva meM hai aura sadA se astitva meM thA / jo kucha bhI vizva meM ho rahA hai, vaha AkAza meM ho rahA hai| pratyeka bhautika padArtha AkAza meM hI kahIM-na-kahIM rahA huA hai aura usameM hI vaha apanA sthAna parivartana kara sakatA hai| nyUTana ke anusAra AkAza kI racanA meM sAtatya hai; arthAt AkAza eka aura akhaNDa' tattva hai / sarvatra ekarUpa hai, arthAta bhinna-bhinna padArthoM dvArA avagAhita hone para bhI unake guNoM meM parivartana nahIM AtA hai / prAcIna yUnAnI gaNitajJa yukliDa ke dvArA bhUmiti ke jina niyamoM kA AviSkAra kiyA gayA thA, ve niyama nyUTana ke AkAza meM lAgU hote haiM / nyUTana kI yaha dhAraNA thI ki AkAza samatala ( flat ) hai / ataH yukliDIya bhUmiti ke niyama isameM kAryakSama hote haiN| AkAza meM calane vAlI prakAza kI kiraNeM sIdhI rekhA meM calatI haiM aura eka dUsare ke samAntara hone ke kAraNa ye paraspara meM kabhI nahIM mila sakatIM / isa prakAra ke prakAzikI sambandhI niyama bhI yukliDIya bhUmiti ke niyamoM ke AdhAra para banAye ge| isake atirikta yAMtrikI (Mechanics) ke kSetra meM jahAM padArthoM kI gati kA prazna AyA, to nyUTana ne gati ko nirapekSa banAne ke lie sthira AkAza meM saMdarbha ke DhAMce (frame of reference) ke rUpa meM kAma meM liyaa| kisI bhI padArtha kI gati hotI hai, taba vaha dUsare padArtho kI apekSA meM mAnI jAtI hai / aba yadi koI aisA padArtha na ho, jo ki svayaM sthira ho, to padArthoM kI gati sadA sApekSa bana jAtI hai /

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246 jaina darzana aura vijJAna udAharaNArtha, pAnI meM jahAja cala rahA haiM; to sthUla dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai kI jahAja kI gati pAnI kI apekSA se hotI hai; kintu pRthvI kI gati ke kAraNa pAnI bhI sthira nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isa prakAra jahAja bhI cala rahA hai aura pAnI bhI / isase Age pRthvI kI gati bhI sUrya kI apekSA se hai; kintu sUrya svayaM hI gatimAn hai aura apane samasta saura maNDala ke sAtha antarikSa meM ghUma rahA hai / isa prakAra, sthira padArtha ke abhAva meM kisako gati kI apekSA kA kendra banAyA jAe? yaha prazna jaba nyUTana ke sAmane AyA, to sApekSa gati aura nirapekSa gati ke bIca bheda karane ke lie pahale to usane batAyA ki yaha sambhava ho sakatA hai ki gatizIla nakSatramaNDala se bahuta dUra antarikSa meM koI aisA padArtha vidyamAna ho sakatA hai, jo ki nirapekSatayA sthira ho aura usake saMdarbha meM nirapekSa gati ko samajhAyA jAya / kintu sAtha hI usane yaha svIkAra kiyA ki aise koI padArtha kA jJAna hama nirIkSaNa dvArA to karane meM kaise samartha ho sakate haiM; ata: sabase sarala hala yaha hai ki AkAza ko hI sthira mAnakara 'saMdarbha kA DhAMcA' banAyA jAya / 'kAla' ke viSaya meM bhI nyUTana ke siddhAnta ko vaijJAnika jagat meM mAnyatA mila gaI / anyAnya dArzanika siddhAntoM kI apekSA meM nyUTana ke kAla - sambandhI nirUpaNa meM yaha vizeSatA thI ki isameM kAla eka svatantra tattva mAnA gayA thA / nirapekSa kAla ke nirUpaNa se nyUTana ne AkAza aura kAla ko eka dUsare se svatantra rakhA hai; ataH padArthoM kI gati se 'kAla' ke pravAha para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA / kAla kA pravAha to apane Apa meM sadA binA kisI parivartana ke eka rUpa se ananta bhUta se ananta bhaviSya taka calatA rahatA hai, yaha nyUTana kA mantavya thA / ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta kA AviSkAra nyUTana ke 'nirapekSa AkAza' ke siddhAnta se bhautika vijJAna meM upasthita hone vAlI samasyAoM kA hala nikAlane kA prayatna aThAharavIM aura unnIsavIM sadI ke vaijJAnikoM dvArA kiyA gyaa| ina samasyAoM meM 'prakAza taraMgoM' ke prasAra kI samasyA mukhya thI / prakAza taraMga ke rUpa meM prasArita hotA hai, yaha eka sarvamAnya siddhAnta thA, kintu isakA prasAra zUnya AkAza meM kisa mAdhyama se hotA hai - yaha prazna upasthita hone para vaijJAnikoM ko kisI aise mAdhyama kI kalpanA karanI par3I, jo ki prakAza-taraMgoM ke prasAra meM sahAyaka ho| isa mAdhyama ko 'Ithara' kahA gayA aura mAnA gayA ki Ithara eka aisA bhautika tattva hai, jo ki samagra AkAza meM vyApta hai aura jo prakAza-taraMgoM ke prasAra meM usI taraha sahAyaka hotA hai jisa taraha samudra kI taraMgoM ke prasAra meM pAnI hotA hai, athavA dhvani ke taraMgoM ke prasAra meM havA hotI hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 247 isa prakAra ke Ithara-tattva kI kalpanA ke bAda yaha prazna upasthita huA ki jaba gatizIla padArtha gati karate haiM, taba Ithara, jo ki sarvatra vyApta hai, ki kyA sthiti hotI hai? yadi vaha bhI padArtha kI gati se prabhAvita hotA hai, to usameM se gujarane vAlI prakAza-taragoM para bhI usakA prabhAva honA caahie| isa bAta kI satyatA ko parakhane ke lie aneka prakAra ke prayoga kie gaye, jisameM mAikalasana (Michelson) aura morle (Morley) dvArA kiyA gayA prayoga (1881 I.) ullekhanIya hai| isa prayoga meM gatimAn pRthvI ke Ithara se gujarane se, Ithara para kyA prabhAva hotA hai, isakA prakAza-kiraNoM ke dvArA parIkSaNa kiyA gyaa| . yadi AkAzIya piNDa Ithara ke ananta samudra meM sacamuca hI taira rahe haiM, to unakI gati kA vega jAnanA sahaja hai| jaise-eka vegavAlI nadI meM eka naukA ko eka kinAre se dUsare kinAre taka le jAne meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, usase adhika samaya usa naukA ko nadI ke pravAha kI dizA meM le jAkara vApasa lAne meM lagegA, bhale hI donoM bAra samAna dUrI taya kI jAtI ho| isa prakAra yadi pRthvI Ithara meM vastuta: ghumatI hai, to prakAza kI eka kiraNa pRthvI kI gati kI dizA meM calatI huI darpaNa taka pahuMca kara vApasa lauTane meM adhika samaya legI, apekSAkRta usake ki kiraNa pRthvI-gati kI dizA ke sAtha lambakoNa karake clegii| yadi vastuta: Ithara-tattva pRthvI kI gati se prabhAvita hotA hai (arthAt pRthvI kI gati se Ithara kA pravAha bhI gati karane lagatA hai), to prakAza kI gati para Ithara kA prabhAva honA jarUrI hai aura yaha yantroM dvArA nApA jA sakatA hai| Ithara kA astitva prAyogika AdhAra para siddha kiyA jA sakatA haiN| mAikalasana aura morle ke prayogoM se prakAza kI gati para par3ane vAlA Ithara kA prabhAva kisI bhI rUpa meM sAmane na aayaa| yaha prayoga isake bAda bhI aneka bAra duharAyA gyaa| kintu pariNAma zUnya rhaa| isake pariNAma-svarUpa Ithara ke astitva ke viSaya meM do vikalpa raha gaye : 1. Ithara tattva hai aura isa para pRthvI kI gati kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA arthAt pRthvI sthira hai| 2. Ithara nAma kA koI tattva nahIM hai| prathama vikalpa ko svIkAra karane kA artha hotA hai-pRthvI kI gati ko asvIkAra karanA, jo vaijJAnikoM ke lie asambhava-sI bAta thii| phira bhI dUsarI ora Ithara ko nahIM mAnane se prakAza kI taraMga-rUpa meM prasaraNa-kriyA ko nahIM samajhAyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra, jaba koI samAdhAna nahIM nikala rahA thA, taba I. 1905 meM yUropa meM eka chabbIsa varSIya navayuvaka vaijJAnika ne isakA sarvagrAhI samAdhAna diyaa|

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248 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vaha thA, albarTa AinsTIna / AinsTIna ne 'ApekSikatA kA siddhAMta' (Theory of Relativity) nAmaka eka nibandha likhA, jisameM loranTja dvArA die gae gANitika samIkaraNoM ke AdhAra para nae tathyoM kI sthApanA kI gii| sarvaprathama AinsTIna ne 'Ithara' kI kalpanA ko tilAMjali dii| 'AkAza' ko eka nirapekSa gatizUnya tattva na mAnakara AinsTIna ne batAyA ki kisI bhI prakAra ke prayoga se yaha jAnanA azakya hai ki amuka padArtha kI gati nirapekSatayA kyA hai?' isase yaha niSkarSa nikalA ki vizva meM koI bhI padArtha nirapekSatayA sthira nahIM raha sktaa| padArthoM kI gati aura sthiti ApekSika hai| isako viziSTa ApekSikatA kA siddhAMta (Special Theory of Relativity) kahate haiN| ukta siddhAMta ke sthApana meM AinsTIna ne isa parikalpanA kA AdhAra liyA ki prakAza kI gati sadA acala rahatI hai| isako AinsTIna meM vyApaka rUpa diyA aura batAyA ki "eka rUpa meM gati karane vAle nikAyoM ne prakRti ke sabhI niyama samAna rUpa se lAgU hote haiN|' isake pariNAmasvarUpa kisI padArtha kI nirapekSa gati kyA hai-yaha prakAza kI gati kI sahAyatA se athavA anya kisI bhI tarIkoM se jAnanA azakya ho jAtA hai| dUsarI aura prakAza kI gati ko sadA ekarUpa ora acala mAnane se 'Ithara' kA astitva svata: samApta ho jAtA hai; kyoMki yadi Ithara astitva meM hotA, to usakI gati kA prabhAva avazya prakAza kI gati para par3anA cAhie thaa| dUsarA tathya jo sAmane AyA, vaha yaha thA ki prakAza kI gati kA vega utkRSTatama vega hai| vizva meM isase adhika vega kisI bhI padArtha kA honA saMbhava nahIM hai| prakAza kA vega jaisA ki pahale batAyA gayA thA, eka nizcita aura parimita 'acara' hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki kisI bhI padArtha kI sthiti ke nirIkSaNa meM lagane vAlA kAla cAhe kitanA hI sUkSma kyoM na ho, eka sImA se kama nahIM ho sktaa| ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke bAda : AkAza aura kAla AinsTIna ke 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta' ne bhautika vijJAna meM aneka bRhat parivartana lA die| inameM sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa parivartana 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' kI dhAraNA sambandhI the| suprasiddha jarmana vaijJAnika minkAuskI (Minkowski) ne 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta' kA gANitika pratipAdana jisa rUpa meM kiyA, usase yaha tathya nikalA ki vizva 'AkAza-kAla kI eka sammilita caturvaimitika satatA' (Fourdimensional continum of space and time) ke rUpa meM hai| adhikAMza rUpa meM gaNita ke sAtha sambandhita hone se tathya ke yadyapi vyAvahArika bhASA meM samajhanA atyanta kaThina hai, phira bhI udAharaNoM ke dvArA isakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 249 yaha eka sAmAnya tathya hai ki koI bhI padArtha jaba AkAza meM sthAna rakhatA hai, to AkAza kI tInoM hI vimitiyoM meM apanI lambAI, caur3AI aura UMcAI (athavA gaharAI) ke kAraNa phaila jAtA hai / aba yadi padArtha sthAnAntara karatA hai (athavA gati karatA hai), to dUsare sthAna meM jAne ke lie use kucha samaya lagatA hai / isa prakAra padArtha kI gati ke nirUpaNa meM hameM donoM bAtoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hotA hai-sthAna kA aura samaya kaa| ata: samaya (athavA kAla ) caturtha vimiti ke rUpa meM ho jAtA hai / aba ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke anusAra AkAza kI tIna vimitiyAM aura kAla kI eka vimiti milakara eka caturvaimitika akhaNDatA kA nirmANa karatI hai aura hamAre vAstavika jagat meM hone vAlI sabhI ghaTanAeM isa caturvaimitika satatatA kI vividha avasthAoM ke rUpa meM sAmane AtI hai / AkAza aura kAla eka dUsare ke sAtha kisa prakAra jur3e hue haiM, isako suprasiddha vaijJAnika hAijanabarga ne bahuta sarala zabdoM meM samajhAyA hai : "jaba hama bhUta zabda kA prayoga karate haiM, taba usakA tAtparya yaha hotA hai ki usameM ghaTita sabhI ghaTanAoM kA jJAna karane ke lie hama samartha haiM, ve ghaTanAeM ghaTa cukI haiN| isI prakAra se jaba hama 'bhaviSya' kA prayoga karate haiM, to artha hotA hai ki ve sabhI ghaTanAeM, jo aba taka ghaTita nahIM huI haiM, 'bhaviSya' kI haiM, jinako hama prabhAvita karane meM samartha haiM. ina paribhASAoM kA hamAre dainandina ke zabda-vyavahAra se sIdhA sambandha hai| ata: isa artha meM yadi hama ina zabdoM ('bhUta' aura 'bhaviSya' ) kA upayoga karate haiM, to bahuta sAre prayogoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa yaha batAyA jA sakatA hai ki 'bhaviSya' aura 'bhUta' kI ghaTanAeM draSTA kI gatimAn avasthA athavA anya guNa-dharmoM se bilakula hI nirapekSa hai / ........... . yaha bAta nyUTana kI yAntrikI (Mechanics) meM tathA AinsTIna ke 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta' meM satya mAnI jAtI hai| kintu donoM meM yaha pharka raha jAtA hai : purAnI mAnyatA meM hama yaha mAna lete haiM ki 'bhaviSya' aura 'bhUta' ke bIca meM eka atisUkSma (anantatayA sUkSma) kAlAntara hai, jisako hama vartamAna kSaNa kahate haiM / parantu ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta meM yaha bAta nahIM hai| yahAM para bhaviSya aura bhUta ke bIca jo kAlAntara hai, vaha parimita hai aura usakA dairdhya draSTA ke sthAna para AdhAra rakhatA hai / " isa kathana ko isa udAharaNa dvArA aura spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai-jaise a sthAna para draSTA hai aura ba sthAna para ghaTanA ghaTatI hai / draSTA jisa kSaNa meM ghaTanA ko dekhatA hai, vastutaH vaha ghaTanA usa kSaNa meM nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki ba aura a ke bIca jo dUrI hai, usa dUrI ko pAra karane ke lie prakAza ko parimita samaya lgegaa| isa prakAra jisako hama 'vartamAna ' kahate haiM, vaha kevala atisUkSma eka kSaNa hI nahIM hai, kintu vaha sArA kAla vartamAna meM ginA

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250 jaina darzana aura vijJAna jAtA hai, jo ghaTanA ke hone aura draSTA ke dekhane ke bIca gujaratA hai aura isa kAla kA dairdhya spaSTatayA draSTA aura ghaTanA sthala ke bIca kI dUrI para AdhArita hai| yahAM para yaha dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki a aura ba ke bIca kI dUrI kitanI bhI choTI kyoM na ho, prakAza kA vega (jo ki utkRSTatama vega hai) parimita hone se usa dUrI ko taya karane meM sunizcita kintu parimita samaya hI lgegaa| eka vyAvahArika udAharaNa se ukta mantavya kA mahattva samajhA jA sakatA hai| Upara die gae udAharaNa meM ba ko pRthvI se 50 prakAza-varSa dUra kA tArA mAna liyA jAe aura a ko pRthvI para sthita, dUra-vIkSNayantra dvArA nirIkSaNa karatA huA draSTA mAnA jaae| mAna lo ki ba para koI visphoTa hotA huA draSTA dikhAI diyaa| sAdhAraNa bhASA meM hama kaheMge ki manuSya kI dekhane kI ghaTanA aura tArA para visphoTa kI ghaTanA eka hI kSaNa meM hotI hai| arthAt ye donoM ghaTanAeM 'yugapat' (simultaneous) haiN| kintu vastuta: kyA ye ghaTanAeM yugapat haiM? nhiiN| kyoMki tArA pRthvI se 50 prakAza-varSa dUra hai arthAt prakAza ko tArA aura pRthvI kI bIca kI dUrI taya karane meM 50 varSa lagate haiN| tAtparya yaha haA ki jo visphoTa 'aba' dekhA gayA, vaha vastutaH 50 varSa pahale ho cukA thaa| isa prakAra 'yugapat' zabda nirapekSa nahIM raha pAyA hai, kiMtu do ghaTanAoM ke bIca kI dUrI para Adharita ho jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AkAza aura kAla eka dUsare se jur3e hue haiM aura vizva meM hone vAlI ghaTanAoM para donoM kA sammilita prabhAva hotA hai| ___ AinsTIna ke viziSTa ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta se jo aneka nae tathya vaijJAnikoM ke sAmane Ae, unameM se do-tIna mahattvapUrNa siddhAMtoM kA ullekha saMkSepa meM yahAM para kiyA jA rahA hai| yadyapi ye AkAza aura kAla sambandhI prastuta carcA se sIdhA sambandha nahIM rakhate haiM, phira bhI inakA mahattva bhautika vijJAna meM atyadhika phiTjajerAlDa aura lorenTaja dvArA diye gaye siddhAtoM ke anusAra gati kA vastu kI lambAI para prabhAva par3atA hai| AinsTIna ke ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta meM yaha batAyA gayA ki gatimAn nikAya (system) meM gati kI dizA meM rahI huI AkAzIya vimiti meM saMkoca hotA hai, sAtha hI sAtha samaya kI vimiti meM bhI saMkoca hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM isa tathya ko isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai : gatimAna nikAya meM rahI huI nApane vAlI char3a kI lambAI meM hAni hotI hai aura nikAya meM sthita ghar3I dhIme 1. prakAza kI gati eka saikiNDa meM lagabhaga 1,86,000 mAIla hai; isa gati se calane vAlI prakAza-kiraNa jitanA antara eka varSa meM kATatI hai, usako 1 prakAza-varSa kahate haiN| prakAza-varSa- 5.88 x 1012 mAIla lagabhaga hote haiN|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 251 calatI hai| ina parivartanoM kA AdhAra gatimAn nikAya kA vega hai| vega ke anupAta meM ye parivartana hote haiM jyoM-jyoM vega bar3hatA hai, tyoM-tyoM ghar3I kI cAla adhika zithila hotI jAtI hai| yahAM taka ki vega prakAza ke vega ke samAna ho jAe (yaha kevala kalpanA kI jA rahI hai), to ghar3I Thappa ho jaaegii| isI prakAra nApane vAlI char3a kI lambAI bhI ghaTatI-ghaTatI, antima dazA meM 'zUnya' ho jAegI arthAt char3a kI lambAI rahegI hI nhiiN| isalie prakAza ke vega ko pAnA azakya hai, yaha mantavya siddha ho jAtA hai| AinsTIna ne batAyA ki pratyeka vastu kA jar3atva usakI saMhati para AdhArita hai| isa jar3atva ke kAraNa AkAza meM eka 'gurutva-kSetra' (Gravitational Field) kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha kSetra padArtha kI gati ke kSetra ko nirdhArita karatA hai| isa prakAra ke kSetra kI bhUmiti kA nirdhAraNa padArtha kI 'saMhati' aura vaga' se hotA hai jisako AinsTIna ne 'gANitika samIkaraNa' dvArA vyakta kiyA hai| pratyeka padArtha apane Asa-pAsa ke AkAza meM jisa gurutva-kSetra kI utpatti karatA hai, vaha 'vakra' hai! yathArtha zabdAvalI meM-'padArtha kI saMhati AkAza-kAla kI caturvaimitika satatatA meM vakratA lAtI hai|' padArtha kI gati usa dizA meM hotI hai, jisa dizA meM AkAza vakra banatA hai| isako spaSTa karane ke lie yaha udAharaNa diyA jA sakatA hai jaise eka natodara kamare ke bIca hama eka takiyA rakhe deM aura phira vahAM baiThakara cAra goliyoM ko kamare kI jamIna para cAra dizAoM meM pheNke| yaha svAbhAvika hai ki usa kamare kI natodaratA ke kAraNa cAroM goliyAM usa takie se Akara ttkraaeNgii| aba, yadi kisI vyakti ko kamare kI natodaratA kA patA na ho, to vaha mAnegA ki takie meM AkarSaNa-bala hai| kintu yaha bhrama hogaa| vastuta: to goliyoM kA takie se TakarAne kA kAraNa kamare kI natodaratA hai| aise hI seva ko nIce girate dekha nyUTana ne pRthvI ke AkarSaNa-bala ko usakA kAraNa mAnA thaa| kintu AinsTIna ne batAyA ki 'AkAza kI vakratA' hI isakA sahI kAraNa hai| kyoMki, seva 'AkAza' meM jo vakratA utpanna karatA hai, usase mAno AkAza natodara bana jAtA hai aura seva usa dizA meM giratA hai, jisa dizA meM AkAza kI natodaratA atyadhika hotI hai| 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta' meM sabase adhika dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki jahAM nyUTana ke vaijJAnika siddhAMtoM meM AkAza, kAla aura bhautika padArtha, sabhI eka dUsare se svataMtra the, vahAM AinsTIna ke siddhAMta meM ye tInoM eka-dUsare se sambandhita ho gae haiN| vizva 'AkAza-kAla kI saMyukta caturvaimitika satatatA' bana gayA hai aura usake guNa-dharma usameM samAhita bhautika padArtha para AdhArita ho gae haiN| bhautika-padArthoM kI gati evaM sthiti kA sIdhA prabhAva AkAza-kAla kI satatatA para par3atA hai|

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252 ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta kA dArzanika pakSa ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta meM 'AkAza aura kAla' ke sambandha meM jo vicAra diye gae haiM, usake dArzanika pakSa ke viSaya meM vaijJAnikoM ke abhimatoM kA aba hama avalokana kareM / AkAza, kAla aura AkAza - kAla kI caturvaimitika satatatA kI vAstavikatA kahAM taka vastu-sApekSa hai aura kahAM taka jJAtA - sApekSa, isake viSaya meM sabhI vaijJAnika ekamata nahIM haiM / jaina darzana aura vijJAna I DA. albarTa AinsTIna ke abhimatAnusAra "jisa prakAra raMga, AkAra athavA pariNAma hamArI cetanA se utpanna vicAra haiM, usI prakAra AkAza aura kAla bhI hamArI Antarika kalpanA ke hI rUpa haiN| jina vastuoM ko hama AkAza meM dekhate haiM, unake 'krama' ke atirikta AkAza kI koI vastu - sApekSa vAstavikatA nahIM hai / isI prakAra jina ghaTanAoM ke dvArA hama kAla ko mApate haiM, una ghaTanAoM ke 'krama' ke atirikta kAla kA koI svatantra astitva nahIM hai / " 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' kA svatantra vastu-ra -sApekSa astitva na hone para bhI, 'AkAza-kAla kI saMyukta caturvaimitika satatatA' vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA kA pratIka hai, aisA mAnA gayA hai| jaba isa satatatA kA 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' ke rUpa meM pRthakkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, taba ye bheda jJAtA-ra -sApekSa hote haiM, kintu jaba ve caturvaimitika satatatA ke rUpa meM jur3ate haiM, taba usake dvArA hameM vastu- sApekSa vizva kA jJAna hotA hai| isa tathya kA spaSTa nirUpaNa sara jemsa jInsa ke zabdoM meM milatA hai| "hama samagra prakRti ko isa DhAMce (caturvaimitika satatatA) meM vyakta kara sakate haiM, isalie yaha vastu- sApekSa vAstavikatA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai / kintu 'AkAza' aura 'kAla 9 meM isakA vibhAgIkaraNa vastu- sApekSa nahIM hai - vaha to kevala jJAtA - sApekSa hI hai / ........... ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta kA mUla tattva yaha hai ki satatatA ke AkAza aura kAla ke vibhAgIkaraNa ke viSaya prakRti kucha nahIM jaantii|" ina vaijJAnikoM ke abhimata meM 'AkAza' eka saMdarbha kA DhAMcA' hai| jisa prakAra viSuvad vRtta (Equator), grInica yAmyottara (Greenwhich meridian) uttarIdhruva (North pole ) Adi kAlpanika haiM; usI prakAra 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' bhI kAlpanika hai / kucha eka vaijJAnika isa nirUpaNa ko svIkAra nahIM karate / yadyapi 'AkAza aura kAla kI saMyukta caturvaimitika satatatA' ke bhautika pahalU ke viSaya meM ve bhinna mata nahIM rakhate, phira bhI ina tattvoM kA - AkAza aura kAla kA kevala jJAtA-sApekSa astitva hI hai, yaha abhiprAya unako mAnya nahIM hai| haMsa rAizanabAkha ne apanI pustaka ( AkAza aura kAla kA darzana) meM 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' ke bhautika pakSa kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha dArzanika pakSa kI carcA bhI kI hai| isameM rAizanabAkha ne AkAza aura kAla kA vastu- sApekSa astitva gaNita aura tarka - zAstra

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253 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai| unake abhimatAnusAra gANitika AkAza ke vividha bheda ho sakate haiN| inameM se kisI eka ko prekSaNa aura prayoga ke AdhAra para vAstavika AkAza mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa vAstavika AkAza kA vastu-sApekSa' astitva hai| ve likhate haiM-abhisamayavAdiyoM (conventionalists) ke anusAra vAstavika AkAza kI bhUmiti ke viSaya meM vastu-sApekSa nirUpaNa karanA azakya hai aura isa viSaya meM to hama jJAtA-sApekSAtmaka aura manamAnA nirUpaNa kara sakate hai| vAstavika AkAza kI bhUmiti kA vicAra hI nirarthaka hai|' yaha galata dhAraNA hai| yadyapi bhUmiti sambandhI nirUpaNa kucha eka manamAnI vyAkhyAoM para AdhArita hai, phira bhI yaha nirUpaNa svayaM meM manamAnA nahIM bana jaataa| eka bAra vyAkhyAoM kA nizyaca kara leM ; bAda meM vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA hI bhUmiti ke vAstavika rUpa ko prakaTa karatI hai|' isakI spaSTatA ke lie unhoMne eka sarala udAharaNa diyA hai| jaise-uSNatAmAna ke mApane meM seMTIgreDa, phAranahAiTa Adi vividha prakAra ke mAnadaNDa kAma meM Ate haiN| hama apane abhisamaya ke anusAra koI eka mAnadaNDa ko aMkita kara uSNatAmApaka se vastu kI uSNatA mAnate haiN| jo aMka uSNatA ko sUcita karatA hai, vaha yadyapi mAnadaNDa ke badalane para badala sakatA hai, phira bhI usakI yathArthatA' meM parivartana nahIM hotaa| eka vastu kA uSNatAmAna cAheM 15deg seM0 kaheM athavA 59deg phA. kaheM, isakA AdhAra yadyapi hamAre mAnadaNDa kI pasaMdagI para hai, phira bhI vastu kA uSNatAmAna svayaM meM hamArI pasaMdagI para nahIM hai; vaha to vastu-sApekSa hI hai| kAla ke sambandha meM pracalita galata dhArANAoM kA bhI rAizanabAkha ne khaNDana kiyA hai : "kAla ko catartha vimiti ke rUpa meM mAnane se, bahuta logoM kI yaha mAnyatA banI hai ki kAla bhI AkAza kI eka hI vimiti' hai| kintu yaha galata hai| caturvimiti meM AkAza aura kAla ko jor3ane kA artha mAtra yahI hai ki kisI bhI ghaTanA (Event) kA nirdeza hama cAra nirdezAMkoM dvArA kara sakate haiM-AkAza ke tIna nirdezAMka aura kAla kA cauthA nirdezAMka |...........jis prakAra tIna mUla raMgoM-lAla, harA, aura nIle-ke dvArA hama kisI bhI vastu ke raMga kA nirNaya kara sakate haiM ki amuka vastu meM ina tIna kI kitanI-kitanI mAtrAeM haiM ; kintu aisA karane se vastu kA raMga badala nahIM jAtA. ........(usa prakAra) kAla kA caturtha vimiti ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa karane se kAla ke viSaya meM hamAre vicAra meM koI parivartana nahIM AtA hai|' unakA yaha spaSTa abhimata hai ki caturvaimitika gANitika rUpa ko mAnate hue bhI yaha mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM hai ki AkAza aura kAla ke bIca koI antara hI nahIM hai| ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta se kAla ke jina guNa-dharmoM kA jJAna hameM hotA hai, caturtha vimiti ke rUpa meM kAla ke pratipAdana ke sAtha usakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| minkAuskI ke gANitika pratipAdana kA yaha artha karanA

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254 jaina darzana aura vijJAna ki AkAza aura kAla kA kevala sammilita rUpa hI vAstavika hai, rAizanabAkha ke anusAra galata hai| AkAza kI vimitiyoM ke viSaya meM vaijJAnikoM aura gaNitajJoM ne yaha kalpanA bhI kI hai ki isakI vimitiyoM kI saMkhyA cAhe jitanI ho sakatI hai kintu rAizanabAkha ne mAnA hai ki vastu-sApekSa dRSTi se to AkAza kI kevala tIna vimitiyAM haiN| bahu-vaimitika AkAza gANitika ho sakatA hai, parantu vAstavika AkAza kevala trivaimitika hai| vAstavika AkAza kI tIna vimitiyAM haiN| yaha nirUpaNa utanA hI vastu-sApekSAtmaka hai jitanA ki yaha nirUpaNa ki 'bhautika padArtha kI tIna avasthAeM-Thosa, tarala aura vAyu-hotI hai; yaha vastu-sApekSa vizva ke mUlabhUta tathya kA eka varNana hai|" rAizanabAkha ne ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ko mAnya rakhate hue yaha nirUpaNa kiyA hai ki 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' kA vastu-sApekSa svatantra astitva hai| apanI pustaka 'AkAza aura kAla kA darzana ke anta meM AkAza aura kAla kI vAstavikatA' zIrSaka ke antargata samagra vaijJAnika va gANitika vivecana ke niSkarSa meM ve likhate haiM : "ata: hama nimna kathana ko AkAza aura kAla sambandhI sabase adhika sAmAnya vidhAna ke rUpa meM likha sakate haiM : 'sarvatra aura sadA AkAza-kAla kI nirdeza-nikAya kA astitva hai|' yaha niSkarSa AkAza aura kAla ke bIca kI bhedarekhA ko acchI taraha pramANita karatA hai|'' vastu sApekSatA aura jJAtA-sApekSatA ke bIca kyA antara hai tathA isakA AkAza aura kAla ke sAtha kisa rUpa meM sambandha hotA hai, isake vistRta vivecana ke bAda antima niSkarSa ke rUpa meM unhoMne likhA hai : "isa samagra cintana kA sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa pariNAma yaha hai ki AkAza ke guNa-dharma vastu-sApekSa haiN| jina jJAna-maimAsika vizleSaNoM (epistemological analyses) dvArA hamane bahuta sArI samasyAoM ko hala karane kA prayatna kiyA, unakA yaha AkaTya abhimata hai ki 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' vAstavika haiN|.....daarshnikoN ne aba taka AkAza aura kAla ke kevala AdarzavAdI pratipAdana ko hI jJAna-maimAsika vizleSaNa meM zakya mAnA hai| kintu yaha isalie huA hai ki unhoMne AkAza kI gANitika aura vAstavika samasyAoM ke dvipakSIya svarUpa kI upekSA kI hai| gANitika AkAza kAlpanika racanA hai; ata: Adarza hai| bhautika vijJAna kA kArya hai-ina gANitika racanAoM meM se kisI eka ko vAstavikatA ke sAtha jor3ane kaa| isa kArya kI niSpatti meM bhautika vijJAna vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM nirUpaNAtmaka kathanoM kA uccAraNa karatA hai aura hamArA lakSya hai, ina kathanoM ke vastu-sApekSa mUla tattva ko, varNana kI anizcitatA ke kAraNa ghUse hue jJAtA-sApekSa bAhya tattva se vimukta karane kaa|' rAizanabAkha ke isa samagra vivecana

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 255 kA sArAMza yahI hai ki ve 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' ko svIkAra karate haiM, phira bhI 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' kI vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke nirUpaNa ko isa siddhAMta kA phalita pratipAdita karate haiN| __AkAza aura kAla kI vAstavikatA ke pakSa meM jina vaijJAnikoM kA abhimata hai, unameM pro. henI mArgenau kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai| pro. mArgenau ke anusAra: koI bhI padArtha sApekSa hone se, avAstavika nahIM bana jaataa| nirapekSa AkAza' kI mAnyatA ko yadyapi ApekSikatA kA siddhAMta svIkAra nahIM karatA, phira bhI usase 'AkAza' kI vAstavikatA kA asvIkAra nahIM hotA hai| AkAza bhI eka kansTrakTsa' mAnA gayA hai, jo pramANita hai aura isalie vAstavika bhI hai| mArgenau mAnate haiM ki 'AkAza' ke bhaumitika guNa-dharmoM kA vAstavika jagat ke padArtha kahAM taka anukaraNa karate haiM, isameM saMdigdhatA to ho sakatI hai, parantu 'AkAza' kI vAstavikatA to asandigdha hai| udAharaNArtha koI bhI vAstavika padArtha' pUrNa rUpa se sarala rekhAtmaka ho, aisA anubhava meM na bhI AtA ho, phira bhI vAstavika sarala rekhA AkAza ke do binduoM ke bIca astitva rakhatI hai aura AkAza vAstavika binduoM kA banA huA hai| 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' ke dArzanika pakSa kI carcA ke niSkarSa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AkAza aura kAla ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' ke AdhAra para aba taka sarvamAnya nirUpaNa nahIM ho sakA hai| AkAza aura kAla vastu-sApekSa haiM athavA jJAtA-sApekSa, yaha duvidhA aba taka bhI vaijJAnikoM ke sAmane khar3I upasaMhAra 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' kA svarUpa bhI rahasyamaya banA huA hai| kucha eka 'rikta AkAza' kA pratipAdana karate haiM, to anya 'avagAhita AkAza' kA; kaI 'nirapekSa AkAza' kA nirUpaNa karate haiM, to kaI 'sApekSa AkAza' kA; AkAza ko 'vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA' ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane vAle bhI haiM aura 'jJAtA-sApekSa vAstavikatA' ke rUpa meM karane vAle bhI hai| dUsarI aura 'kAla' ke viSaya meM bhI isa prakAra kI vibhinna vicAradhArAeM haiN| nyUTana kA abhimata thA-nirapekSa AkAza aura kAla pRthak-pRthak astitva rakhate haiN| isa abhimata ke sahAre vaijJAnikoM ne bhautika Ithara kI kalpanA kI aura 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' ne bhautika Ithara ko tilAMjali dekara sApekSa AkAza-kAla kI sthApanA kii| 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' se vaijJAnika jagat meM naI krAnti aaii| 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' kI saMyukta caturvaimitika satatatA, prakAza kI sImita gati ke kAraNa AkAza aura kAla kI parasparabaddhatA, gati kA 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' para prabhAva

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256 jaina darzana aura vijJAna Adi viSaya viziSTa ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' ke pariNAma haiN| bhautika-padArtha kI saMhati se hone vAlI AkAza kI vakratA, AkAza ke yukliDiyetara bhaumitika guNa-dharma, gurutva aura jar3atva kI samAnatA Adi viSaya 'sAmAnya ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' ke pariNAma haiN| phira bhI 'AkAza' aura 'kAla' kA svarUpa cintana kA viSaya banA huA nyUTana aura jaina darzana kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nyUTana dvArA kiyA gayA AkAza kA nirUpaNa jaina darzana ke AkAzAstikAya ke sAtha atyadhika sadRzatA rakhatA hai| donoM vicAradhArAoM meM AkAza ko eka svataMtra vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA usako agatizIla, eka, akhaNDa aura zUnyatA kI kSamatA vAla svIkAra kiyA gayA hai; phira bhI inameM eka mahattvapUrNa antara raha jAtA hai| nyUTanIya bhautika vijJAna ke AkAza ke sAtha bhautika Ithara kA avicchinna sambandha jor3a kara gati kI samasyA sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA, jabaki jaina darzana abhautika Ithara (dharma-dravya, adharma-dravya) ke siddhAnta se gati-sthiti kI samasyA kA hala prastuta karatA hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki nyUTana ke siddhAMtoM ne nahIM sulajhane vAlI eka aisI samasyA utpanna kara dI, jisake phalasvarUpa ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ne nyUTana ke bhautika Ithara ko tilAMjali de dii| jahAM taka nyUTana ke AkAza kI vAstavikatA-sambandhI nirUpaNa kA prazna hai, usakI tarkasammatatA aba bhI avicchinna hI hai| pazcima ke suprasiddha dArzanika barTeNDa rasala ne isako svIkAra karate hue likhA hai : "nyUTana kA nirapekSa AkAza kA siddhAnta usa duvidhA ko dUra karatA hai, jo 'zUnya' aura 'vAstavikatA' ke sambandha se upasthita hotI hai| tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para isa siddhAnta kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa siddhAnta kI asvIkRti kA mukhya kAraNa yahI hai ki nirapekSa AkAza' ko jAnanA kataI sambhava nahIM hai; isIlie prAyogika vijJAna meM usakI dhAraNA koI anivArya parikalpanA nahIM bana sktii| isase bhI adhika vyAvahArika kAraNa yaha hai ki bhautika vijJAna kI gAr3I isake binA nahIM cala sakatI hai|" usa uddharaNa se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nyUTana kA 'nirapekSa AkAza' athavA jaina darzana kA AkAzAstikAya kA siddhAnta tarka kI dRSTi se akATya hai| 'nirapekSa AkAza' ke astitva para ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta' kI carcA yathAsthAna Age kI jaayegii| nyUTana ne kAla kI jo paribhASA dI hai, usase yaha lagatA hai ki unhoMne kAla ko vAstavika tattva yA dravya ke rUpa meM na mAna kara vAstavika tathya ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| jaina darzana (zvetAmbara-paramparA) bhI kAla ko vAstavika tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krtaa| nyUTana ne nirapekSa gANitika kAla kA

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 257 siddhAMta prastuta kiyA hai; jaina darzana ke nirapekSa kAlamAna-'samaya' Adi usI prakAra ke siddhAnta ke dyotaka haiN| isa prakAra kAla ke viSaya meM bhI donoM siddhAntoM meM bahuta sAmya hai, phira bhI nyUTana ke siddhAMta ne prakAza-gati kI sImitatA ko asvIkAra karane ke kAraNa AkAza aura kAla ke pArasparika sambandha ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, jabaki jaina darzana meM prakAza-gati kI sImitatA se hone vAle AkAza aura kAla ke pArasparika sambandha kA virodha nahIM hai| - isa prakAra prAg-AinsTIna vijJAna ke kSetra kI AkAza-kAla-sambandhI dhAraNAeM jaina darzana kI vicAradhArA ke sAtha dArzanika (tattva-maimAsika) apekSA se adhika sRdazya rakhatI hai| ApekSikatA kA siddhAnta aura jaina darzana AinsTIna dvArA die gae ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke pazcAt vijJAna ke kSetra meM jo naI krAMti AI, usakA AkAza-kAla kI dhAraNAoM para bhI gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| isa siddhAnta ke AviSkAra, isake bhautika vijJAna ke vividha pahaluoM para par3e hue prabhAva tathA isake dArzanika pakSa kI carcA bhI hama kara cuke haiN| jaina darzana ke mAdhyama se isakI tulAnAtmaka samIkSA yahAM kI jA rahI hai| AkAza aura kAla ke viSaya meM ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke do pahalU ho jAte haiM 1. AkAza aura kAla kI saapeksstaa| 2. AkAza aura kAla kI vaastviktaa| AinsTIna dvArA pradatta mUla ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta meM kahA gayA hai: "kisI bhI prakAra ke prayoga ke dvArA kisI bhI gatimAna nikAya kI nirapekSa gati kA patA nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa|" isa siddhAnta ke AdhAra para sAmAnyatayA yaha tAtparya nikAlA jAtA hai ki nirapekSa AkAza kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| yadi yahI tAtparya sahI ho, to jaina darzana kA AkAzAstikAya kA siddhAnta ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke sAtha hI mela nahIM khaataa| kintu ukta tAtparya nirvivAdatayA mAnya nahIM hai| sarvaprathama to yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta meM kathita azakyatA jJAtA-sApekSa asamarthatA ke kAraNa hai athavA vastu-sApekSa asambhavatA ke kAraNa hai| yadi jJAtA-sApekSa asamarthatA ke pariNAma rUpa hI hama kisI bhI gatimAna nikAya ke nirapekSa gati ko jAnane meM asamartha rahate haiM, to nirapekSa gati ke vAstavika astitva kA anta nahIM A jaataa| jaina darzana ke AdhAra para yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ukta azakyatA jJAtA-sApekSa asamarthatA ke kAraNa hI hai, na ki vastu-sApekSa asambhavatA ke kaarnn|

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258 jaina darzana aura vijJAna rAizanabAkha ne isa prakAra ke viparyaya ko spaSTa udAharaNa ke dvArA samajhAyA hai : "avazya aise bahuta sAre prasaMga hote haiM, jahAM bhautika vijJAna parimANoM ko nikAlane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| isakA artha kyA yaha hotA hai ki jisa rAzi kA hama parimANa nikAlanA cAhate haiM, usakA astitva hI nahIM hai? udAharaNArtha, havA ke eka ghana seMTImITara meM rahe hue aNugucche (molikyUla) kI saMkhyA kA sahI-sahI nizcaya karanA azakya hai| nizcitatA kI atyadhika mAtrA ke sAtha hama kaha sakate haiM ki eka-eka aNugucche ko ginane meM hama asaphala hI raheMge, to phira kyA hama yaha pariNAma nikAleM ki isa saMkhyA kA astitva hI nahIM hai? pratyuta hameM yahI kahanA hogA ki aisA pUrNAMka honA hI cAhie, jo isa rAzi kA bilakula sahI dyotaka ho| ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta kI bhUla isI tathya meM nihita hai ki usameM jAnane kI azakyatA ko vAstavika asambhavatA ke sAtha ulajhA diyA gayA hai|' isa uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nirapekSa AkAza kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai, aisA phalita ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke AdhAra para nikAlanA ayathArtha hogaa| vizva ke prathama zreNI ke vaijJAnika hAijanabarga ne isI ulajhana kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai-"Ithara nAmaka parikalpita dravya, jo 19 vIM zatAbdI meM maiksavela ke siddhAntoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA thA, aba ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke dvArA nAmazeSa kara diyA gayA hai| isI bAta ko kabhI-kabhI isa prakAra bhI kahA jAtA hai ki nirapekSa AkAza kA siddhAnta' khaNDita ho cukA hai| kintu aise kathana ko bahuta sAvadhAnI ke sAtha svIkAra karanA caahie|" yadyapi hAijanabarga ne yaha to svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai ki AkAza nAmaka koI svatantra agatizIla vAstavikatA kA astitva hai, phira bhI unhoMne yaha to mAnA hI hai ki bhautika Ithara ke nAmazeSa ho jAne se 'AkAza' nAmazeSa nahIM ho gayA hai| anyatra unhoMne eka tarka ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke AlocakoM ke nAma para upasthita kiyA hai, jisako yadi ve svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, phira bhI yaha to mAnate haiM ki tarka ko prAyogika AdhAra para galata siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; kyoMki isameM aisI koI dhAraNA nahIM ki gaI, jo viziSTa ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta se bhinna ho| isako prastuta karate hue ve likhate haiM : "ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke AlocakoM kA kahanA hai-nirapekSa AkAza aura nirapekSa kAla kA nAstitva viziSTa ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta dvArA kisI bhI prakAra se siddha nahIM hotA hai| (usa siddhAnta meM to) yahI batAyA gayA hai ki kisI bhI sAmAnya prayoga meM vAstavaki AkAza aura vAstavika kAla pratyakSata: bhAga nahIM lete, kintu yadi prAkRtika niyamoM ke isa pahalU ko dhyAna meM le liyA jAye tathA gatimAn nirdeza-nikAyoM ke lie sahI pratItyamAna kAla (mAno) kA vyavahAra kiyA jAye, to nirapekSa AkAza kI dhAraNA ke virodha meM koI

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 259 tarka nahIM raha jaataa| aisA bhI sambhavataH mAnA jA sakatA hai ki hamArI AkAzagaMgA kA gurutva- kendra (seMTara oNpha greviTI) nirapekSa AkAza meM (kama se kama lagabhaga ) sthira hai|' isase Age ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke Alocaka yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM- 'hama AzA kara sakate haiM ki bhaviSya ke nApa-tola nirapekSa AkAza kI spaSTa paribhASA dene meM hameM samartha banA deMge / .. . aura isa prakAra hama ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana kara skeNge|'' isa prakAra yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai ki ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para nirapekSa AkAza ke astitva ko svIkAra na karanA galata siddha ho sakatA 1 : pro. mArgenau bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra to karate haiM ki nirapekSa AkAza eka sambhavita kansTrakTsa hai "nirapekSa AkAza ko svIkAra karane vAlA apanI vicAradhArA ko isa sarala tathya para AdhArita karatA hai ki trivaimitika AkAza kI kalpanA vaha tabhI kara sakatA hai, jabaki vaha AkAza padArthazUnya ho / isa prakAra kA AkAza eka sambhavita kansTrakTsa hai aura vaha prAthamika prazna ke DhAMce hI nirapekSa hai|'' isase Age unhoMne yahI batAyA hai ki isa prakAra kA AkAza upayogI na hone vaijJAnika isako svIkAra nahIM karate, phira bhI itanA to spaSTa rUpa se svIkArya ho hI jAtA hai ki nirapekSa AkAza kA astitva samApta nahIM huA hai / nirapekSa AkAza ko jisa prakAra se jaina darzana ne svIkAra kiyA hai, usakA khaNDana to ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke dvArA kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| hAM, yaha avazya mAnanA par3atA hai ki bhautika vijJAna ke prAyogika kSetra meM isa prakAra ke niSkriya tattva kI koI AvazyakatA pratIta na hone se usake astitva ko mAnanA bhI Avazyaka na samajhA jAye / ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta kA dUsarA pahalU hai- AkAza aura kAla kI vAstavikatA / hama dekha cuke haiM ki vaijJAnika isa viSaya meM ekamata nahIM haiM / AinsTIna Adi jahAM AkAza aura kAla ko cetana (jJAtA) dvArA kalpita tattva hI mAnate haiM, vahAM rAizanabA Adi usakI vAstavikatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| isa samasyA kA hala prApta karane ke lie hameM pahale kucha dhAraNAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa karanA pdd'egaa| vaijJAnika zabdAvali meM AkAza, kAla, Akaza-kAla kI caturvaimitika satatatA gurutva - kSetra yA AvyUhIya kSetra (meTrikala phIlDa) tathA Ithara; ina zabdoM dvArA kina-kina tathyoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai aura jaina darzana ke pAribhASika zabdoM (AkAzAstikAya, kAla, dharma, adharma, dravya) se ye kahAM taka sambandhi hote haiM? ye do mahattvapUrNa prazna haiN| 'AkAza' zabda kA prayoga AinsTIna Adi kevala 'padArtha-krama' ke artha meM rahate haiM, jabaki rAizanabAkha Adi padArtha - krama ke atirikta AkAza ko eka svatantra vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM /

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260 jaina darzana aura vijJAna jaina darzana meM bhI AkAzAstikAya ko Azraya dene vAlA vAstavika dravya kahA hai| yaha dhAraNA AinsTIna kI AkAza kI dhAraNA se nitAMta bhinna hai / yadi AinsTIna kI AkAza kI dhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to usase padArthoM ke Azraya kI samasyA nahIM suljhtii| ataH jahAM hama tarkazAstrIya bhUmikA ko lete haiM, vahAM AinsTIna kI 'AkAza' sambandhI dhAraNA se kAma nahIM cala sakatA / isake atirikta bhI AiMsTIna kI dI huI paribhASA paryApta nahIM hai| jaisA ki spaSTa ho cukA hai, sAmAnya ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta meM AkAza aura gurutva - kSetra yA AvyUhI kSetra ko eka banA diyA gayA hai, jahAM AkAza kevala padArthoM kA krama na raha kara vakratA ko dhAraNA karane vAlA koI tattva yA kSetra kA rUpa le letA hai| aba 'yaha kSetra kyA svantatra vAstavikatA hai ? ' - isa prazna kA uttara yadi niSedha meM nahIM hai to yaha kSetra bhI sambhavata: vAstavika 'AkAza' se adhika bhinna nahIM raha jaataa| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki vakratA yA kSetra kI utpatti padArthoM kI saMhati se utpanna hotI hai| jahAM para bhI saMhati vAlA padArtha hotA hai, vaha apane Asa-pAsa isa kSetra ko vaise hI utpanna kara detA hai, jaise cumbaka ke Asa-pAsa cumbakIya kSetra ho jAtA hai athavA vidyuta pravAha ke Asa-pAsa vidyut cumbakIya kSetra utpanna ho jAtA hai / taba yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki kSetra koI svatantra vAstavikatA nahIM hai| kiMtu vastutaH aisA nahIM hai / padArthoM ke abhAva meM sUkSma mAtrA meM vakratA yA kSetra kA astitva banA rahatA hai| eDiMgTana ne isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai : 'usa pradeza meM jahAM kisI bhI prakAra ke jJAta bhautika padArtha yA vidyut cumbakIya kSetra kA abhAva hai, vahAM para bhI eka nizcata alpa mAtrA meM prAkRtika vakratA hotI hai, jise sukhyAta rUpa se vizva-sambandhI acala kahA jAtA hai / isa vakratA kA uttaradAyI usa pradeza ko rokane vAlA koI tattva hai, jise cAhe hama AkAza kaheM kSetra kaheM yA Ithara kaheM / " isa uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha nizcata hai ki bhautika padArtha ke abhAva meM bhI koI aisA tattva raha jAtA hai, jise hameM svatantra vAstavikatA kA hI rUpa mAna lenA pdd'egaa| jaina darzana kA 'AkAzAstikAya' to sambhavata: isase bhI bhinna raha jaayegaa| hAM, jisa rUpa meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, usase yaha sambhava pratIta hotA hai ki ve isa prAkRtika vakratA ke lie uttaradAyI hoM / ukta vivecana se yaha bhI spaSTa 1. eDiMgTana ne 'Ithara' sambandhI eka nayA siddhAnta upasthita kiyA hai| unake abhimata meM ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ne bhautika Ithara kA astitva miTA diyA hai, kintu taba bhI abhautika Ithara kA astitva to sambhava ho sakatA hai| eDiMgTana ne AkAza aura Ithara meM avicchinna sambandha kI kalpanA kI hai aura mAnA hai ki AkAza, Ithara aura kSetra tInoM hI eka haiN| dekheM, nyU pAthaveja ina sAinsa, pR0 38-41 /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 261 ho jAtA hai ki AkAzAstikAya nAmaka tattva kI jo dhAraNA jaina darzana meM hai, usakI pUrti vaijJAnikoM kI AkAza, kSetra yA Ithara-sambandhI dhAraNA nahIM kara sktii| aba 'catamitika AkAza-kAla kI satatatA' kI dhAraNA ko leN| isake viSaya meM AinsTIna ke vicAroM ko samajhanA kaThina hai| jaise ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, ve ise vastu-sApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| vizva kyA hai? isa prazna kA uttara ve yahI dete haiM ki vizva caturvaimitika AkAza-kAla kI satatatA hai| vizva padArthoM se nahIM, ghaTanAoM se banA huA hai aura ye ghaTanAeM isa caturvaimitika AkAza-kAla kI satatatA kI hI vividha avasthAeM haiN| isa prakAra kA vivecana atyanta hI ulajhanapUrNa lagatA hai| eka ora se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki padArtha apanI saMhati ke kAraNa caturvaimitika satatatA meM vakratA utpanna kara detA hai-"jisa prakAra sAgara meM tairatI machalI apane Asa-pAsa ke pAnI ko AMdolita kara detI hai, usI taraha eka tArA, pucchalatArA yA jyotirmAlA usa AkAza-kAla kI satatatA meM jisameM hokara ve gati karate haiM, parivartana lA dete haiN|' dUsarI ora una padArthoM ko hI usa satatatA kI avasthA kA rUpa mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra caturvaimitika satatatA kA tattva-maimAsika dRSTi se aspaSTa pratipAdana huA hai| yaha spaSTa abhimata hai ki AkAza-kAla kI catuvaimitika satatatA se yaha tAtparya nikAlanA ki kAla AkAza kI hI vimiti hai, galata hogaa| jaina darzana kA pratipAdana isa viSaya meM spaSTa hai| pudgalAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura kAla ko bhinna mAnakara calane para ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke sAtha koI virodha pratIta nahIM hotaa| pudgalAstikAya ke saMhati, gati Adi guNoM kA AkAzAstikAya para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| jaina darzana ke AdhAra para yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki paudgalika prabhAvoM se utpanna hone vAle gurutva-kSetra Adi bhI paudgalika hone caahie| ata: usameM hone vAle parivartana pudgala se hI sambandhita haiM; isakA AkAza ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| barTeNDa rasala dvArA pratipAdita AkAza-sambandhI siddhAnta vaijJAnikoM kI ulajhana ko aura spaSTa kara detA hai| eka tAttvika vivecana ke niSkarSa rUpa meM unhoMne likhA hai-"isa taraha do prakAra ke AkAza ho jAte haiM-eka to jJAtA-sApekSa AkAza aura dUsarA vastu-sApekSa AkAza / eka hamAre anubhava dvArA jJAta aura dUsarA kevala anumAnita yA prklpit| kintu isa apekSA se AkAza aura viSaya-grahaNa ke anya pahaluoM-jaise raMga, zabda Adi meM koI pharka nahIM hai| saba ke saba apane jJAtAsApekSa rUpa meM kAryakaraNavAda ke dvArA prakalpita hote haiN| varNa, zabda aura gandha ke hamAre jJAna se AkAza ke hamAre jJAna ko kisI bhI kAraNa se bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|" rasala dvArA pratipAdita ina do prakAra ke AkAzoM kA anubhava-grAhya (parsepcuala)

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262 jaina darzana aura vijJAna AkAza aura dhAraNAtmaka (kansepcuala) AkAza kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana dvArA pratipAdita AkAzAstikAya ko rasala ke zabdoM meM 'dhAraNAtmaka AkAza' kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana dvArA pratipAdita AkAzAstikAya ko rasala ke zabdo meM 'dhAraNAtmaka AkAza' kahA jA sakatA hai, jabaki vaijJAnikoM kA sambandha kevala anubhava-grAhya AkAza ke sAtha rahatA hai, kintu dhAraNAtmaka AkAza kA astitva svIkAra kiye binA Azraya-Azrita sambandha kI pahelI sulajha nahIM sktii| ___ isa prakAra ukta vivecana ke niSkarSa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana dvArA pratipAdita AkAzAstikAya kA siddhAMta na kevala ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta dvArA akhaNDita hai, apitu tarka-sammata bhI hai| ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta kA eka mahattvapUrNa pariNAma hai-AkAza-kAla kI vimitiyoM meM sNkucn| lorenTja dvArA diye gaye samIkaraNoM se patA cala jAtA hai ki kisI bhI padArtha kI gati ke sAtha AkAza-kAla kI vimitiyAM saMkucita hotI haiN| gatimAna padArtha kI lambAI gati kI dizA meM saMkucita ho jAtI hai-isI ko AkAzIya vimiti meM saMkucana mAnA gayA hai| aba yadi isa saMkucana ko vAstavika AkAza kA hI saMkucana mAna liyA jAye, to yaha galata hogaa| kyoMki yaha saMkucana bhautika padArtha kI hI eka avasthA parivartana ke phalasvarUpa hai, na ki abhautika AkAza, jisameM vaha padArtha Azrita hai, ke saMkucana ke kaarnn| ___ kAla-vimiti kA saMkucana kucha durUhatA utpanna kara detA hai, isako samajhane ke lie eka sarala udAharaNa liyA jAye / eka tArA pRthvI se 40 prakAza varSa dUra hai| aba yadi eka rAkeTa 240000 kilomITara prati saikiNDa kI gati se vahAM jAtA hai, to use vahAM pahuMcane meM kitanA samaya lagegA? ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke anusAra isake do uttara haiM : pRthvI-sthita manuSya kI apekSA se to tAre para pahuMcane meM 300000 + 40 240000 = 50 varSa lgeNge| (kyoMki prakAza kI gati 300000 ki.mI. prati saikiNDa hai|) kintu jo manuSya usa rAkeTa meM baiThe hue haiM, unake lie phiTajagerAlDa ke saMkucana niyamoM ke anusAra kAla-vimiti meM saMkucana ho jaayegaa| yaha saMkucana 10 : 6 ke anupAta meM hogA arthAt rAkeTa meM baiThe hue manuSya ke lie tAre taka pahuMcane meM 50 +6 10 = 30 varSa lgeNge|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM amUrta acetana vizva-mImAMsA 263 ukta udAharaNa se kAla kI vimiti ke saMkucana ko samajhA jA sakatA hai, kintu isake dArzanika pakSa meM ulajhana paidA ho jAtI hai| manuSya kI prAkRtika prakriyAeM (jisameM usakI Ayu bhI hai) kyA isa saMkucana se prabhAvita hotI haiN| arthAt gati ke prabhAva se kAla kA jo saMkucana huA hai, usake anusAra hI kyA manuSya kI prAkRtika prakriyAeM kArya karatI raheMgI? isa prazna ke uttara meM sambhavata: vaijJAnika ekamata nahIM haiN| pro. mArgenau isa viSaya meM yahI abhimata prakaTa karate haiM ki ye sabhI saMkucana kisI bhI artha meM vAstavika hI haiN| jabaki eDiMgTana ke sAmane jaba yaha prazna upasthita huA ki kyA AkAza-kAla ke saMkucana vAstavika haiM?' taba usake uttara meM unhoMne kahA thA-"hama bahudhA 'satya' aura 'vAstavika satya' ke bIca meM bheda karate haiN| usI ke AdhAra para gatimAna nikAya kA saMkucana bhI 'satya' kahA jA sakatA hai, para vAstavika satya' nahIM kahA jA sktaa|" 'ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta' meM AkAza aura kAla kI parasparApekSatA kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha nirvivAda hai| isakA AdhAra prakAza-gati kI sImitatA hai| yaha eka tathya hai ki hamArI indriyoM ke dvArA jo jJAna prApta hotA hai, vaha gati se teja calane vAle kisI bhI sAdhana kI sahAyatA se nahIM ho sakatA; ata: ghaTanA aura draSTA kI (AkAzIya) dUrI ke Upara yugapattA kI paribhASA AdhArita ho jAtI hai| ata: kisI bhI ghaTanA ke pUrNa vivecana meM AkAza aura kAla donoM jur3e hue rahate haiM, yaha siddhAMta nirvivAda rUpa se mAnya ho jAtA hai, kintu prakAza-gati kI sImitatA kA kSetra kahAM taka hai? yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai| ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta kI satyatA kI kasauTI sambhavata: taba ho sakegI, jaba sthUla vizva (makrokosmosa) ke niyamoM kI samIcInatA sUkSma vizva (mAikrokosmosa) meM bhI yathAvat siddha ho jaayegii| aba taka sUkSma vizva viSayaka vijJAna kI jJAnarAzi atyadhika alpa hai, aisI sthiti meM vaijJAnika niyamoM kI satyatA ke viSaya meM antima rUpa se kucha bhI kahanA saMbhava nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| upasaMhAra samagra vivecana ke niSkarSa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prathama to ApekSikatA kA siddhAnta AkAza aura kAla-sambandhI jina dhAraNAoM ko upasthita karatA hai, unakI satyatA asaMdigdha nahIM hai aura dUsarA isakA dArzanika pratipAdana sarvasammata nahIM hai| kucha vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA pratipAdana sambhavata: IzvaravAdI dArzanika vicAradhArA se prabhAvita hai tathA spaSTa aura tarkasaMgata bhI nahIM 1. dekheM, dI necara oNpha phijikala riyaliTI, pR0 149 /

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264 jaina darzana aura vijJAna hai| AkAza-kAla aura vizva kI gati-sthiti-sambandhI samasyAoM ko hala karane vAle jaina darzana ke siddhAnta vastuta: hI Aja ke vaijJanikoM ke sAmane eka samyak dArzanika praNAlI upasthita karate haiN| yaha sahI artha meM astitva kA darzana hai| jaina darzana meM nirUpita siddhAnta kA srota tarka nahIM apitu anta:-anubhUti yA viziSTa Atma-jJAna hai, jisameM tattva se pratyakSa samparka banatA hai| tarka to ina siddhAntoM kI eka kasauTI mAtra bana sakatI hai| vAstavikatA' ke pIche rahe kyoM' ko hama sambhavata: na to tarka ke sahAre jAna sakate haiM aura na bhautika sAdhana-prasAdhana tathA aindriya jJAna kI sahAyatA se jAna sakate haiN| pro. mArgenau ne vAstavikatA ke svarUpa nAmaka pustaka ke antima pRSThoM meM likhA hai-"yaha nizcita hai ki vAstavikatA kA koI bhI kAraNa (bhautika artha meM) ho nahIM sktaa|........aise bindu para jAte hI vaijJAnika chuTTI le letA hai aura astitva kA darzanika sUtradhAra bana jAtA hai|" abhyAsa 1. jaina darzana kI dravya-mImAMsA meM varNita gati-mAdhyama evaM sthiti-mAdhyama ke svarUpa ko vistAra se batAte hue unakI vaijJAnika dRSTi se samIkSA kreN| 2. jaina darzana ke AkAza dravya ko smjhaaie| usakI tArkika AdhAroM para mImAMsA kreN| 3. jaina darzana meM kAla ko kyA mAnA gayA hai? isa viSaya meM kyA matabheda hai? etadviSayaka vaijJAnika avadhAraNA ke sAtha jaina darzana kI tulanA kreN| 4. AiMsTIna se pUrva vijJAna ke kSetra meM AkAza aura kAla kI kyA avadhAraNAeM thI? 5. ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta dvArA AkAza aura kAla ke svarUpa ko kisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai? 6. ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta ke dArzanika pratipAdana kI vistRta carcA kreN| 7. jaina darzana evaM ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta kI AkAza sambandhI avadhAraNAoM kI tulanA kreN|

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7. vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa vizva kA AkAra kyA hai? ananta-asIma AkAza ke bahumadhyabhAga meM sthita sAnta - sasIma 'loka' kA nizcita AkAra mAnA gayA hai| jo dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kA AkAra hai, vahI loka kA AkAra bana jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jisa AkAra se dharma aura adharma dravya lokAkAza meM sthita haiM, usI AkAra se 'loka' sthita hai / supratiSThaka AkAra kA artha hai - trishraavsmputtaakaar| eka zikorA (zarAva ) ulTA, usa para eka zikorA sIdhA, phira usa para eka ulTA rakhane se jo AkAra banatA hai, use trizarAvasampuTAkAra kahate haiM / isa prakAra se bane AkAra meM nIce caur3AI adhika aura madhya meM kama hotI hai / punaH Upara caur3AI adhika hotI hai aura anta meM punaH kama ho jAtI hai / anyatra samagra loka kA AkAra puruSa - saMsthAna bhI batalAyA gayA hai| donoM hAtha kaTi taTa para rakha kara jaise koI puruSa vaizAkha saMsthAna kI taraha (paira caur3e rakhakara ) khar3A ho, vaisA hI sarvathA yaha loka hai / isa prakAra vividha upamAoM ke dvArA loka kA AkAra spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| loka ke 'Ayatana' kA vivecana gANitika hone se loka kA AkAra kahAM kisa prakAra hai, isakI spaSTa kalpanA gANitika vivecana ke dvArA ho sakatI hai / vizva kitanA bar3A hai lokAkAza zAnta aura sasIma hai; ata: usakA nizcita 'Ayatana' mAnA gayA hai / isake gaNitIya vivecana ke atirikta isako bhI upamA ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai| 11 yaha loka kitanA bar3A hai ?" gautama ke isa prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA--"gautama ! yaha loka bahuta bar3A haiM pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa aura Urdhva aura adho dizAoM meM asaMkhyAta yojana kA lambA-caur3A kahA gayA hai / " gaNitIya vivecana loka ke AkAra aura Ayatana ke viSaya meM jaina sAhitya meM vistRta gANitika vivecana milatA hai, kintu digambara paramparA aura zvetAmbara - paraMparA meM yaha vivecana bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM milatA hai /

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266 jaina darzana aura vijJAna digambara-paramparA digambara-paramparA ke anusAra loka kA gANitika-vivecana nimnokta hai| "loka ke tIna parimANoM meM se (UMcAI, laMbAI, caur3AI) prathama parimANa arthAt UMcAI 14 rajju' hai| dUsarA parimANa (arthAt caur3AI) sarvatra 7 rajju hai| tIsarA parimANa (arthAt lambAI) sAre loka meM samAna nahIM hai| loka ke vibhinna sthAnoM para loka kI lambAI bhinna-bhinna hai| usako samajhane ke lie loka ke (UMcAI ke pramANa se) do vibhAgoM kI kalpanA karanI caahie| arthAt loka ke do bhAga karane cAhie, jisameM se pratyeka bhAga kI UMcAI 7 rajju ho| ina do bhAgoM meM se, prathama adhastana bhAga (adholoka) nIce (AdhAra para) 7 rajju lambA hai aura Upara kramaza: ghaTatA-ghaTatA 1 rajju / isa prakAra adholoka kA AkAra samalambacaturbhujAdhAra samapArzva ke sadRza hotA hai, jisakI UMcAI 7 rajju, caur3AI sarvatra 7 rajju aura lambAI nIce AdhAra para 7 rajju aura Upara 1 rajju hai| adholoka kA ghanaphala 196 ghana rajju hai| Urdhvaloka kI UMcAI 7 rajju hai, caur3AI sarvatra 7 rajju hai aura lambAI nIce 1 rajju, bIca meM 5 rajju aura Upara 1 rajju hai| isa prakAra Urdhvaloka do samAna samalamba caturbhujAdhAra samapArzva kA banA huA hai| Urdhvaloka kA ghanaphala 147 ghana rajju hai| adholoka aura Urdhvaloka ke ghanaphaloM ko milAne para samagra loka kA ghanaphala nikalatA hai; samagraloka kA ghanaphala = 196 + 147 = 343 ghana rajju zvetAmbara-paramparA zvetAmbara-paramparA ke Agama-sAhitya meM yadyapi loka AyAma, viSkambha Adi ke viSaya meM vistRta gANitika vivecana upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI uttaravartI-granthoM meM jo vivecana kiyA gayA hai, usake AdhAra para yahAM loka kA gaNitIya vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| ina granthoM ke anusAra loka kI UMcAI 14 rajju hai| dUsarA parimANa (caur3AI) aura tIsarA parimANa (lambAI) vibhinna UMcAiyoM para bhinna-bhinna hai aura samAna UMcAI para samAna hai| loka-prakAzakAra vinayavijaya gaNI ne likhA hai : "isa ghanIkRta loka ke tIna sau taiMtAlIsa ghana-rajju tattvajJoM dvArA mAne gae haiN|'' 1. rajju jaina-khagola-zAstra kA nApa hai, jisake viSaya meM vistArapUrvaka vivecana Age kiyA gayA

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 267 do paramparAoM kA matabheda aura usakI samIkSA uparokta vivecana se yaha to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA aura digambara-paramparA, loka ke kula Ayatana ke viSaya meM ekamata haiM hI ki loka kA Ayatana 343 ghana rajju hai| donoM paramparAoM meM mukhya matabheda raha jAtA hai-loka ke AkAra ke viSaya meM / loka kI UMcAI 14 rajju hai, yaha bhI donoM paramparAoM ko mAnya hai| loka kI do vimitiyAM (lambAI aura caur3AI) loka ke adhastana anta para sAta rajju hai, yaha bhI donoM paramparAeM mAnatI haiN| adhastana anta se 7 rajju Upara loka kI eka vimiti 1 rajju, adhastana anta ke 10-1/2 rajju Upara loka kI eka vimiti 5 rajju aura UrdhvAnta meM (adhastana anta se 14 rajju Upara) loka kI eka vimiti 1 rajju hai; yaha bhI donoM paramparAoM ko mAnya hai| jahAM digambara-paramparA loka ke uttara-dakSiNa bAhulya ko sarvatra 7 rajju aura loka ke samagra AkAra ko 'Ayata-caturasrAkRti' vAlA mAnatI hai, vahAM zvetAmbara-paramparA sarvatra samAna bAhulya ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| loka ke uttara-dakSiNa bAhalya kI sarvatra sAta rajju kI sthApanA AcArya vIrasena kI hI maulika dena hai| isI mAnyatA ko adhika puSTa pramANa mile haiM aura adhikAMza vidvAnoM ne isako svIkAra kiyA hai| isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhavalAkAra vIrasenAcArya se pUrva digambara-paramparA meM loka ke AkAra ke viSaya meM gaNita kI dRSTi se koI suspaSTa mAnyatA nahIM thii| usa samaya sambhavata: zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM mRdaMgAkAra loka kI kalpanA pracalita thI, usakA ullekha dhavalA meM kiyA gayA hai| kintu usa mAnyatA meM gaNitIya dRSTi se yaha truTi thI ki loka kA samagra ghanaphala 343 ghana rajju se bahuta kama thaa| vIrasenAcArya ne gaNitIya AdhAroM para mRdaMgAkAra loka kA ghanaphala nikAla kara dikhA diyA ki yaha mAnyatA 343 ghana rajju kI mAnyatA ke sAtha saMgata nahIM ho sakatI hai| taduparAnta unhoMne do prAcIna gAthAoM ke AdhAra para yaha batAyA ki loka kA ghanaphala adholoka meM 196 ghanarajju aura Urdhvaloka meM 147 ghana rajju honA caahie| unhoMne apanI pratibhA dvArA khoja nikAlA ki aisA phalita tabhI ho sakatA hai, jabaki loka kI eka vimiti ko sarvatra sAta rajju mAna liyA jaaye| isa parikalpanA ke AdhAra para unhoMne loka kI jo AkRti banAI, usameM loka kA samagra ghanaphala 343 ghanarajju, adholoka kA 196 ghanarajju aura U rvaloka kA 147 ghanarajju huaa| isa AkRti meM mUla mAnyatAeM jaise ki samagra UMcAI 14 rajju, adholokAnta meM bAhulya sAta rajju, loka-madhya meM 1 rajju, Urdhvaloka ke madhya meM 5 rajju aura Urdhvaloka ke anta meM 1 rajju hI surakSita raha gii| isa prakAra vIrasena dvArA pratipAdita lokAkRti digambara-paramparA meM sarvamAnya ho gii|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna zvetAmbara paramparA meM loka ke viSaya meM mUla mAnyatAoM meM uparokta mAnyatAoM ke atirikta ina mAnyatAoM kA bhI samAveza hotA hai : 268 1. loka kA AyAma - viSkambha ( lambAI-caur3AI) samAna UMcAI para samAna honA cAhie / 2. loka kI lambAI-caur3AI meM utsedha kI apekSA kramika vRddhi-hAni honI cAhie / ina mAnyatAoM ko yadi svIkAra kiyA jAye, to 'uttara - dakSiNa sarvatra sAta rajju bAhulya' kI kalpanA saMgata nahIM hotI hai / isalie zvetAmbara - paramparA ke AcAryoM ne 'uttara-dakSiNa sarvatra sAta rajju' vAlI mAnyatA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / dUsarI ora 343 ghanarajju vAlI mAnyatA ko ve svIkAra karate haiN| loka kA kula Ayatana 343 ghanarajju hai, jisameM adholoka kA ghana-phala 196 ghana rajju aura Urdhvaloka kA ghanaphala 147 ghana rajju hai / dhavalAkAra AcArya vIrasena ne loka ke sampUrNa ghanaphala ko 343 ghana rajju tathA adholoka ke ghanaphala ko 196 ghana rajju aura Urdhvaloka ke ghanaphala ko 147 ghana rajju siddha karane ke lie loka ke uttara-dakSiNa sarvatra sAta rajju moTAI kI kalpanA kI hai, kyoMki unake matAnusAra loka ko anya prakAra se mAnane para ukta ghanaphala sambhava nahIM hai| Adhunika gaNita-paddhatiyoM ke prakAza meM yadi Adhunika gaNitIya paddhatiyoM ke prakAza meM ukta samasyA kA adhyayana kiyA jAye, to aisA samAdhAna nikala sakatA hai, jo ullikhita mUla mAnyatAoM ke sAtha saMgata ho aura usameM gaNitIya vidhiyoM kI pUrNatA bhI surakSita rhe| isa prakAra kA prayatna karane para yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki loka kA 343 ghana rajju Ayatana zvetAmbara - ra-paramparA ke dvArA pratipAdita mUla mAnyatAoM para nikAlA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ke prayatna ke phalasvarUpa hama lokAkRti ke jisa nirNaya para pahuMcate haiM, usakI ye vizeSatAeM ullekhanIya haiN| : isa navIna AkRti meM sarvatra sAta rajju bAhulya mAne binA bhI samagra loka kA ghanaphala 343 ghana rajju, Urdhvaloka kA 147 ghana rajju aura adholoka kA 196 ghana rajju sambhava ho jAtA hai / isa navIna AkAra meM cAroM ora se loka kA AkAra samAna dikhAI detA 1. Adhunika 'samAkalana- gaNita' meM Thosa AkRttiyoM ke Ayatana nikAlane kI vidhi ke AdhAra para lokAkRti kA Ayatana nikAlane para 343 ghana rajju kA Ayatana ho sakatA hai /

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269 vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu hai| pUrva-pazcima, uttara-dakSiNa vistAra sAta rajju, eka rajju, pAMca rajju aura eka rajju hai| navIna AkRti pUrNarUpa se samamita (symmetrical) hai| rajju kA aMkIkaraNa rajju jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| jaina darzana meM jahAM loka ke sambandha se dUrI kA vivecana huA hai, vahAM adhikAMzatayA 'rajju' zabda kA upayoga huA hai| 'rajju' ko hama jaina jyoti-bhautikI (astrophysics) kA kSetra-mAna kaha sakate haiN| vyAvahArika bhASA meM eka rajju kA mAna aMsakhyAta yojana batAyA gayA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne rajju ko aMkoM ke dvArA vyakta karane kA--aMkIkaraNa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| rajju' kA mAna ninnokta paribhASA meM diyA gayA hai : "2,057,152 yojana pratikSaNa kI gati se nirantara calane vAlA deva cha: mahIne meM jitanI dUrI taya karatA hai, use eka rajju kahA jAtA hai|" isa AdhAra para 1 rajju = 100 mAIla hotA hai| gaNitIya vivecana kA upasaMhAra ina do tathyoM meM A jAtA hai(1) vizva trizarAvasampuTAkAra se sthita hai| 196 (2) vizva kA ghanaphala 10 ghana mAIla se bhI adhika hai| vizva : kAla kI dRSTi se vizva kI anAdi-anantatA jaina darzana ke anusAra vizva zAzvata hai| yaha tathya jaina AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM meM aneka prakAra se samajhAyA gayA hai| loka aura aloka-"ye donoM pahale se haiM aura pIche raheMge; anAdi kAla se haiM aura ananta kAla taka rheNge| donoM zAzvata bhAva haiM; anAnupUrvI haiN| inameM paurvAparya (pahale-pIche kA) krama nahIM hai|'' samagra vizva pAMca astikAyoM kA samUha hai| ye pAMcoM astikAya dhuva, niyata, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya haiN| isalie samagra vizva svata: dhruva, niyata, zAzvata, akSaya, avasthita aura nitya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha vizva bhUtakAla meM vidyamAna thA, vartamAna kAla meM vidyamAna hai aura bhaviSya meM vidyamAna rhegaa| vaha na to kabhI banAyA gayA aura na kabhI vinAza ko prApta hogaa| kAla kI dRSTi se yaha Adi-rahita aura anta-rahita hai| jaina darzana anekAntavAdI darzana hai| kisI bhI vicAra ke viSaya meM vaha

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270 jaina darzana aura vijJAna ekAntatA ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| isalie 'vizva' ko jahAM eka ora zAzvata mAna liyA gayA, vahAM dUsarI ora parivartanazIla bhI / pUrva vivecita 'pariNAmI - nityavAda' isa tathya kA pratipAdana karatA hai ki pratyeka padArtha 'utpatti aura nAza' rUpa parivartana ke hote hu bhI apanA astitva rakha letA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM vizva ke samasta padArtha-jIva aura ajIva-utpatti, nAza aura dhruvatA kI tripuTI se yukta ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra vizva zAzvata bhI hai, azAzvata bhI / vizva cha: dravyoM kA samUha mAtra hai, ataH vizva kI 'zAzvatatA--azAzvatatA' ko samajhane ke lie cha: dravyoM kI zAzvatatA - azAzvatatA kA vizleSaNa Avazyaka hogA / chahoM hI dravya kaba, kaise aura kisase astitva meM Ae ? ina praznoM kA samAdhAna 'anAdi' astitva ke svIkAra karane se hI ho sakatA hai / arthAt jo dravyoM ke astitva ko 'sAdi' svIkAra karate haiM, unake lie ye samasyAeM banI rahatI haiM / kintu jo dravyoM ke astitva ko 'anAdi' mAnate haiM, unake lie yaha prazna uThate hI nahIM / dravyoM ke astitva ko 'sAdi' mAnane para asat se sat kI utpatti svIkAra karanI par3atI hai| yaha kAryakAraNavAda ke sAtha saMgata nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki upAdAna kAraNa yadi asat hotA hai, to kArya sat nahIM ho sktaa| isalie upAdAna kI maryAdA ko svIkAra karane vAle asat se sat kI utpatti nahIM mAna sakate, niyAmakatA kI dRSTi se aisA honA bhI nahIM cAhie / anyathA samajha se pare kI avyavasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai / ata: cha: dravyoM kA astitva anAdi siddha ho jAtA hai / pariNAmI - nityatvavAda ina dravyoM ke astitva ko ananta siddha kara detA hai / isa prakAra SaD dravya astitva kI dRSTi se 'anAdi-ananta' siddha ho jAne para vizva kI zAzvatA pramANita ho jAtI hai / SaD dravyoM meM hone vAle 'pariNamana' vizva ko 'azAzvata' bhI banA dete haiM / dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura kAla; ina cAra dravyoM meM svAbhAvika pariNamana hotA rahatA hai / isa pariNamana ke kAraNa hI zAzvata kAla taka ye padArtha apane astitva ko banAe rakhate haiM / dRzya vizva kI samasta lIlAeM pudgalAstikAya (pudgala ) aura jIvAstikAya (AtmA) ke pariNamanoM ke kAraNa hotI rahatI haiM / kAla- cakrIya vizva- siddhAMta vizva kI zAzvatatA - azAzvatatA kA aba taka kA vivecana samagra vizva kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA / vizva ke madhya bhAga meM sthita 'tiryag loka' ke vizeSa sthAnoM ke lie 'avasarpiNI- utsarpiNI kAla - cakra ke siddhAnta ko jaina darzana svIkAra karatA hai / samagra loka kI UMcAI 14 rajju hai, adholoka kI 7 rajju se kucha adhika hai aura Urdhvaloka kI 7 rajju se kucha kama / ina donoM ke bIca meM tiryag-loka hai / tiryag-loka

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 271 ke madhya meM samaya-kSetra' hai| samaya-kSetra meM hI sUrya candrakRta vyAvahArika kAla hotA hai| samaya-pravAha ke sAtha prakRti kI kucha prakriyAoM meM parivartana bhI hotA rahatA hai| ina parivartanoM ko samajhAne ke lie avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI kAla-cakra' kA siddhAnta hai| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kA artha hAsa aura vikAsa kA eka sudIrgha kaal-ckr| eka kAla-cakra 20 koTAkoTi addhA-sAgaropama kAla meM pUrA hotA hai| itanA kAla vyatIta hone meM asaMkhya varSa bIta jAte hai| pratyeka kAla-cakra meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ke cakrArdha hote haiN| utsarpiNI kAla-cakrAdha meM samaya kSetra kI prakRtijanya sabhI prakriyAeM kramaza: nirmANa aura vikAsa kI ora bar3hatI haiM aura anta meM pragati carama sImA ko prApta hotI hai| isake bAda avasarpiNI kAla-cakrArdha ke prArambha hone para ve prakriyAeM puna: dhvasaM aura hAsa kI ora calatI haiM aura anta meM ve vinAza kI carama maryAdA taka pahuMcatI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM utsarpiNI ke kAla-cakrArdha meM prakRti kI cAbI bharI jAtI hai aura carama avasthA ke bAda puna: usakA khAlI honA prArambha hotA hai| avasarpiNI kAla-cakrArdha ke aMta taka prakRti kI cAbI kI riktatA utkRSTa sthiti ko prApta karatI hai| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai, "jisa kAla-cakrArdha meM sabhI zubha bhAva kramaza: kSINa hote haiM aura azubha bhAva kramaza: vRddhiMgata hote haiM, vaha 'avasarpiNI' hai| jisa kAla-cakrArdha meM sabhI zubha bhAva kramaza: vRddhi ko prApta karate haiM aura azubha bhAva kramaza: kSINa hote haiM, vaha utsarpiNI hai|" avasarpiNI kAla meM pudgaloM meM (paramANu tathA paramANu-samUhoM meM) sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa Adi kI apekSA se ananta guNa kI hAni hotI hai| utsarpiNI kAla meM isase viparIta hotA hai| utsarpiNI ke bAda avasarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ke bAda utsarpiNI, isa prakAra kAla-cakra calatA rahatA hai| anAdi bhUta meM ananta kAla-cakra vyatIta ho gaye aura ananta bhaviSya meM ananta kAla-cakra vyatIta hoNge| pratyeka kAla cakrArdha ke cha: khaNDa hote haiM, jinako 'ArA' kahate haiN| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI meM uttarottara hAni aura vRddhi kA vistRta varNana jaina AgamoM meM milatA hai| yahAM para kevala tIna prakriyAoM ke viSaya meM hAni-vRddhi kI carcA kI jAtI hai| 1. digambara paramparA meM eka kAla-cakra ke varSoM kI saMkhyA kA nAma 'kalpa' bhI milatA hai| ardha-mahAkalpa ke 413, 452, 630, 302, 203, 177, 749, 512, 19241050 varSa hote haiN| arthAt mahAkalpa ke 8.2641076 varSa hote haiN| kintu yaha saMkhyA asaMkhya varSoM kI apekSA meM atyanta choTI hai| vastuta: to digambara paramparA ke anusAra utkRSTa saMkhyAta varSa kA mAna 'acalAtma' hai| acalAtma ke 849x100 varSa hote haiN| jo ki, 4.5410149 lagabhaga hote haiN|

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272 jaina darzana aura vijJAna avasarpiNI kAla meM samaya bItane ke sAtha-sAtha manuSyoM kA AyuSya, UMcAI aura pRSTha-karaMDaka (pRSTha-asthi) kI saMkhyA meM hAni hotI rahatI hai| nimna koSThaka ke dvArA una hAniyoM kA pramANa spaSTa ho jaaegaa| pratyeka Are ke prArambha meM AyuSya Adi kA mAna : an 128 64 mx i will 20 varSa ArA-kramAMka AyuSya UMcAI | pRSTha-asthi-saMkhyA 3 palyopamaH 6000 dhanuSya 256 2 palyopama 4000 dhanuSya 1 palyopama 2000 dhanuSya 1 kor3a pUrva 1500 dhanuSya 48 130 varSa 7 hAtha 21 hAtha utsarpiNI kAla meM Ayu, UMcAI pRSTha-asthi-saMkhyA Adi meM kramaza: vRddhi hotI hai| vartamAna yuga vartamAna meM jo ArA cala rahA hai, vaha avasarpiNI kAla kA pAMcavAM ArA hai| isa Are kA prArambha zramaNa mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 3 varSa 8-1/2 mAsa pazcAt huA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa I. pU. 527 meM huA thA; ata: I. pU. 527 meM pAMcaveM Are kA Arambha hotA hai| yaha ArA 21000 varSa kA hai| chaThe Are kA prArambha meM hone vAlI sthiti kA varNana vistRta rUpa se jaina sAhitya meM milatA hai| "usa samaya du:kha se logoM meM hAhAkAra hogaa| atyanta kaThora sparza vAlA, malina, dhUli-yukta pavana clegaa| vaha du:saha va bhaya utpanna karane vAlA hogaa| vartulAkAra vAyu calegI, jisase dhUli Adi ekatrita hogii| puna:-puna: dhUli ur3ane se dazoM dizAeM raja:sahita ho jaaeNgii| dhUli se malina aMdhakAra samUha ke ho jAne se prakAza kA AvirbhAva bahuta kaThinatA se hogaa| samaya kI rUkSatA se candramA adhika zIta hogA aura sUrya bhI adhika tpegaa| usa kSetra meM bAra-bAra bahuta arasa-virasa megha, kSAra megha, vidyunmegha, amanojJa megha, pracaNDa vAyu vAle megha brseNge|..........us samaya bhUmi agnibhUta, murmurabhUta bhasmabhUta ho jaaegii| pRthvI para calane vAle jIvoM ko bahuta kaSTa hogaa| usa kSetra ke manuSya vikRta varNa, gandha, rasa, 1. palyopama ke asaMkhyAta varSa hote haiN|

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 273 sparza vAle hoMge tathA ve UMTa kI taraha vakra cAla calane vAle, zarIra ke viSama saMdhi-bandha ko dhAraNa karane vAle, UMcI-nIcI viSama pasaliyoM tathA haDDiyoM vAle aura kurUpa hoNge| utkRSTa 1 hAtha kI avagAhanA (UMcAI) aura 20 varSa kI Ayu hogii| bar3I-bar3I nadiyoM kA vistAra ratha ke mArga jitanA hogaa| nadiyoM meM pAnI bahuta thor3A rhegaa| manuSya bhI kevala bIja rUpa hI bceNge| ve una nadiyoM ke kinAre biloM meM rheNge| sUryodaya se 1 muhUrta pahale aura sUryAsta se 1 muhUrta pazcAt biloM se bAhara nikaleMge aura matsya Adi ko uSNa retoM meM pakAkara khaayeNge|........is prakAra chaThe Are kA prArambha hokara 21000 varSa taka yaha sthiti uttarottara viSama banatI rhegii|' chaThe Are kA anta hone para avasarpiNI kAla-cakrArdha samApta ho jaaegaa| usa samaya hAsa apanI carama sImA para phuNcegaa| isake bAda puna: utsarpiNI kAla-cakrArdha prArambha hogaa| jisase prakRti kA vAtAvaraNa puna: sudharane lgegaa| zuddha havAeM caleMgI, snigdha megha baraseMge aura anukUla tApamAna hogaa| sRSTi bar3hegI, gAMva aura nagaroM kA punaH nirmANa hogaa|" yaha kramika vikAsa utsarpiNI ke anta meM nirmANa ke carama zikhara para phuNcegaa| isa prakAra kAla-cakra sampanna hotA hai| prakRti ke itihAsa meM hone vAle isa adhyAya-paritarvana ko loka pralaya aura sRSTi kahate haiN| jaina vicAradhArA ke anusAra pralaya kA artha 'Atyantika nAza' nahIM; vaha dhvaMsa (hAsa) kI antima maryAdA hai|" upasahAra prastuta viSaya ke upasaMhAra meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana ke anusAra : 1. vizva astitva kI apekSA se anAdi aura ananta hai| 2. isa zAzvata vizva meM pratikSaNa uttpatti aura vinAza rUpa ananta pariNamana hote rahate haiN| 3. vizva ke vizeSa kSetroM (samaya-kSetra) meM avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla-cakra kA pravartana hotA rahatA hai| vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa : vizva kA parimANa AinsTIna ke ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta se pahale vaijJAnikoM meM vizva ke parimANa ke bAre meM do vicAradhArAeM thIM : 1. vizva svayaM hI ananta hai| 2. vizva ananta samudra meM jar3a Adi padArthoM meM samUharUpa eka dvIpa samAna

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274 jaina darzana aura vijJAna prathama vicAradhArA ke pIche yaha tarka thA ki yadi vizva ko sAnta (sasIma) mAna liyA jAe, to yaha prazna sahasA khar3A ho jAtA hai ki vizva kI sImA se pare kyA hai? isa vikaTa prazna kA uttara nahIM de pAne ke kAraNa vaijJAnikoM ne yaha mAna liyA ki vizva ananta (asIma) hai| dUsarI vicAradhArA ke pIche nyUTana ke 'gurutvAkarSaNa ke niyama' kA AdhAra thaa| yadi hama vizva ko ananta mAna leM, (aura kyoMki ananta vizva meM sthita sabhI padArthoM kI saMhati (Mass) samAnatayA vibhAjita honI cAhie), to gurutvAkarSaNa ke niyamAnusAra ananta vizva meM vyApta sabhI padArtha kA saMgaThita gurutvAkarSaNa bala' saba padArthoM ke ananta taka vyApta hone ke kAraNa, ananta ho jAegA; aura vizva kA samasta AkAza ananta prakAza se camaka utthegaa| kintu vAstava meM yaha sthiti nahIM hai| isalie 'ananta vizva' kI kalpanA bhI satya nahIM hai| ata: 'vizva ananta AkAza ke andara eka dvIpa ke samAna hai' yaha vicAradhArA kucha eka vaijJAnikoM ne mAnya rkhii| 'vizva eka dvIpa' kI kalpanA bhI AzaMkAoM se mukta nahIM thii| 'tArApuJja yA AkAzagaMgAoM kI gati ke niyama' (Dynamic Laws of the Motion of Galaxies) ina AzaMkAoM ko utpanna karate haiN| ananta AkAza kI tulanA meM sasIma vizva meM sthita dravya-rAzi itanI kama hai ki AkAza-gaMgAoM ke gati kI niyamoM ke kAraNa vaha rAzi bAdala ke binduoM kI taraha ananta AkAza meM vilIna ho jAtI aura samagra vizva rikta ho jaataa| kintu sthiti yaha nahIM hai| ata: isa kalpanA ko siddha karane ke lie bhI pramANa Avazyaka the| ApekSikatA ke siddhAnta dvArA samAdhAna AinsTIna ke anusAra vizva ke AkAra prakAra kI jo kalpanA hama yukliDIya (Euclidean) bhUmiti ke AdhAra para karate haiM, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| gurutva-kSetra (Gravitational Field) meM calane vAlI prakAza kI kiraNeM sIdhI rekhA meM nahIM calatI haiM, kintu vakra rekhA yA vartalAkAra meM calatI haiM-isa bAta se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki yukliDIya bhUmiti ke niyama gurutva-kSetra meM lAgU nahIM hote| vizva meM samAhita tArA, candra, graha, nakSatra, AkAzagaMgA Adi samasta padArthoM ke gurutva ke kAraNa unakI saMhati (Mass) aura gati (Velocity) ke anupAta meM sArA vizvAkAza vakratA dhAraNa karatA hai| arthAt pratyeka padArtha apane Asa-pAsa ke AkAza ko vakra banAtA hai| sAmAnya ApekSikatA ke siddhAMtAnusAra usa vakratA ke parimANa kA AdhAra padArtha-sthita saMhati para rahatA hai| jitanI saMhati adhika hogI, utanI hI vakratA bhI bddh'egii| dUsare zabdoM meM pratyeka padArtha apanI saMhati ke anusAra vizvAkAza kI vakratA meM yoga detA hai| ata: sAre vizva kA AkAra vizva-sthita sabhI dravyoM kI

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 275 sAmUhika dravya-rAzi para AdhArita hai| - isa prakAra sAmAnya ApekSikatA kA siddhAnta' vizva arthAt 'AkAzakAla kI caturvaimitika satatatA' kI bhUmiti aura vizva-sthita saMhati ke bIca sIdhA sambandha darzAtA hai| vizva kitanA bar3A hai?' isa prazna kA uttara hama tabhI de sakate haiM, jaba hameM vizva kI bhUmiti kA sahI jJAna ho| kintu yadi hama vizva-sthita 'saMhati' kA sahI-sahI patA lagA sakeM, to AinsTIna ke samIkaraNa hameM vizva kI bhUmikA kA jJAna karAte haiN| AinsTIna ne kalpanA kI ki vizva-sthita bhautika padArthoM kI saMhati-rAzi sImita hai| ata: AinsTIna kA vizvAkAza, jo gANitika saMjJA 'AvyUha' (Matrix) dvArA darzAyA jAtA hai, yukliDiyetara aura sAnta (finite) bana jAtA hai| padArthoM kI sAmUhika dravya-rAzi ke kAraNa sArA vizva usa prakAra se vakra banA hai ki samagra vizva-AkAza eka baddha vakrAkAra' dhAraNa karatA hai| ata: vizvAkAza sasIma bana jAtA hai| phira bhI baddhAkAra hone ke kAraNa yadi prakAza kI eka kiraNa eka sthAna se calegI, to sAre vizva kI parikramA kara, phira mUla sthAna para A jaaegii| isa prakAra AinsTIna kA vizva ananta nahIM hai aura yukliDIya bhUmiti ke niyamoM se bhI bAdhita nahIM hai| gaNita kI bhASA meM vizva caturvaimitika (Four-dimensional) satatatA hai, jo ki gole (sphere) kI tvacA (Surface) ke samAna hai| ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke dvArA vizva kA jo nayA darzana milA, use samajhAne ke lie sara jemsa jInsa ne sAbuna ke bulabule kA udAharaNa diyA hai : __"sAbuna ke bulabule kI kalpanA kIjie, jisakI tvacA ke UparI bhAga meM nAnA prakAra kI rekhAeM Adi hoN| vizva usa bulabule kA bhItarI bhAga nahIM, parantu usakI bAhya tvacA ke sthAna meM hai| donoM meM kevala yaha antara hai ki sAbuna kA bulabulA do hI vimiti vAlA hai, jabaki vizva-AkAza kA golA cAra vimiti vAlA-tIna vimitiyAM AkAza kI aura eka kAla kI; vizva jisa padArtha kA banA huA hai, vaha rikta AkAza hai, jo ki rikta kAla ke Upara lapeTA huA hai|" yaha mantavya suprasiddha vaijJAnikoM ke zabdoM meM adhika spaSTa hogaa| pro. sara e. esa. eDiMgTana likhate haiM : "pratyeka vyakti ke mastiSka meM yaha prazna utpanna hotA hogA ki kyA AkAza kA anta hai?' yadi hai, to usase Age kyA hai? yadi nahIM hai, to AkAza ke 1. sara e. esa. eDiMgTana ne isake AdhAra para yaha patA lagAyA hai ki yadi vizva-sthita dhanANuoM (Protons) aura RNANuoM (Electrons) kI saMkhyAeM samAna hoM, to yaha saMkhyA 1.19x105 dakheM, dI nyU pAthaveja ina sAInsa, pR0 221; dI eksapANDiMga yUnivarsa, pR0 68)

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276 jaina darzana aura vijJAna bAda AkAza........' yaha kalpanA bhI acintya hai| ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta se pahale jo rUr3ha vicAra pracalita thA, usake anusAra AkAza (vizva) ananta thaa| yadyapi ananta AkAMza kI kalpanA acintya hai, phira bhI bhautika vijJAna-jagata meM isI kalpanA ko svIkAra kara hameM saMtoSa mAna lenA pdd'aa| yadyapi yaha kalpanA citta ko azAnta karane vAlI thI, phira bhI atArkika nahIM thii| aba AinsTIna kA siddhAMta hameM isa duvidhA se bAhara le jAtA hai| 'AkAza sAnta bhI hai, ananta bhI' athavA 'sAnta, kintu asIma'-ye zabda prAya: AkAza ke lie prayukta hone lage haiN|" - vaijJAnika varanara hAijanabarga vizva kI sAntatA-anantatA kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhate haiM : "vizva dvArA avagAhita AkAza sAnta ho, aisI sambhAvanA hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM hotA ki koI eka sthAna para vizva kA anta A jAtA hai| ukta kathana kA tAtparya yahI hai ki vizva meM kisI eka hI dizA meM gati karane vAlA padArtha ananta: usI sthAna para pahuMca jAtA hai, jahAM se vaha calanA prArambha huA thaa| caturvaimitika vizva kI yaha sthiti dvivaimitika pRthvI-tala (Surface) ke sadRza hotI hai, jahAM eka sthAna se pUrva kI dizA meM nirantara calane vAlA vyakti, usI sthAna para pazcima kI ora se puna: pahuMca jAtA hai|" ___ ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke suprasiddha vyAkhyAkAra pro. ena. Ara. sena, AinsTIna ke vicAroM ko uddhRta karate hue likhate haiM : "AinsTIna ke sApekSavAda-siddhAnta se jo eka bAta hameM milatI hai, vaha yaha hai ki caturvaimitika vizva AkAzIya vimitiyoM meM sAMta hai aura kAla kI vimiti meM ananta hai| vizva kA AkAra belanAkAra (cylinderical) hai, jisakI bAhya sataha usa dizA meM to sImita hai, jisameM rekhAoM ke dvArA belanAkAra kI utpatti huI hai| yaha sImita vimiti vizva-velana kI tIna AkAzIya vimitiyoM ko sUcita karatI hai| kintu velana ina do vimitiyoM meM to ananta hai| usI taraha vizva bhI kAla-vimiti meM ananta hai arthAt kAla kI dRSTi se vaha anaMta bhUta se ananta bhaviSya taka rahatA hai|" vaijJAnikoM ke uparokta vicAroM se vizva kA AkAra aura parimANa, bahuta kucha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| phira bhI Adhunika vijJAna ke bahuta sAre siddhAMtoM kI taraha AinsTIna kA sasIma vizva utanA hI dRSTigamya ho sakatA hai, jitanA kI aNu meM sthita RNANu (Electron) yA prakAzANu (Photon) dRSTigamya hai| parantu gaNita ke AdhAra para vizva kA yathArtha parimANa nizcitatApUrvaka nikAlA jA sakatA hai| yadi hama mAna lete haiM ki hamArI AkAzagaMgA kI samIpavartI AkAza meM sthita jar3a padArtha kA ausata ghanatva sAre vizva meM sthita jar3a padArtha ke ausata ghanatva ke samAna hai to AinsTIna ke samIkaraNa se vizva kI vakratA-trijyA nikAlI jA sakatI hai|

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 277 mAuNTa vilasana vedhazAlA ke prasiddha khagolavettA eDvIna habala (Edwin Hubble) ne prayogoM ke dvArA ikAI ghanaphala AkAza meM sthita ausata saMhati-rAzi kI saMkhyA nikAlI gaI hai| usa saMkhyA kA AinsTIna ke kSetra samIkaraNa meM upayoga karane se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vizva kI vakratA-trijyA (radius of curvature) 35,000,000,000 prakAza-varSa hai arthAt 2.1 x 1023 mAIla hai| dUsare zabdoM meM eka prakAza kI kiraNa jisakI gati prati saikiNDa lagabhaga 1,86,000 mAIla kI hai, agara vizva kI parikramA karane nikale, to use eka cakkara lagAne meM 20 araba se bhI adhika varSa laga jaaeNge| AinsTIna ke ukta nirNaya ke bAda, jaba vizva-vistAra kA siddhAMta AyA, taba usake AdhAra para vizva kI vakratA-trijyA phira nikAlI gii| yaha karIba 50 karor3a prakAza-varSa hai| AinsTIna kI kalpanA sasIma varSa kI hai, kintu eka vaijJAnika asIma vizva kA pratipAdana bhI karate haiN| DaoN. phreDa hoyala ke vizva-siddhAMta meM 'ananta vizva' kA pratipAdana huA hai| isake atirikta soviyata vaijJAnika bhI asIma vizva kA pratipAdana karate haiN| suprasiddha soviyata lekhaka va. mejentaseva ne 'vizva aura paramANa nAmaka apanI pustaka meM likha hai : "agara hama yaha vicAra svIkAra kareM ki vizva-AkAza kI kahIM sImA hai, to turanta yaha prazna uThatA hai-isa sImA ke pAra kyA hai? vizvAkAza meM brahmANDa kI koI sImA nahIM ho sktii| mahAjAgatika dvIpapuMja para nakSatra-jagata kI gaThana kyA hai, hama abhI nahIM jAnate, lekina cAhe yaha asaMkhya dvIpa' maMdAkiniyAM (AkAzagaMgAeM) hoM yA brahmANDa aneka vizAla 'mahAjAgatika dvIpa-samUhoM'-meTAgailikTakoM (bAhya maMdAkiniyoM) se banA ho, hara sUrata meM hamAre cAroM tarapha kI duniyA asIma hai|" phira bhI vizva sAMta hai, yA ananta? isa prazna kA pUrNa rUpa se samAdhAna nahIM ho pAyA; kyoMki vizva kI vakratA gANitika rUpa meM RNa (negative) athavA dhana (positive)-donoM meM se eka ho sakatI hai aura isake anusAra hI vizva ananta yA sAMta ho jAtA hai| vizva-sambandhI mUlabhUta samIkaraNoM (equations) ko hala karane para vizva sAMta aura baddha (closed) na hokara, ananta aura khulA (open) pAyA jAtA hai| jabaki habala ke dvArA kI gaI tArApuJjoM ke teja kI gaNanA hameM baddha evaM bahuta hI choTe (sAMta) vizva, jisakI trijyA kevala thor3e karor3a prakAza-varSa hI hai, kI kalpanA para pahuMcAtI hai| 1. habala dvArA dI gaI ausata ghanatva-rAzi isa prakAra hai : 000000000000000000000000000001 grAma prati ghana seNTImITara (dakheM, dI yUnivarsa eNDa DaoN. AinsaTIna, pR0 105 / )

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278 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vizva kA parimANa sthira yA bar3hatA huA? AinsTIna ke uparokta vizva-parimANa ke nizcaya ke anantara eka aisI prakriyA vaijJAnikoM ke sAmane AI, jisase vizva ke parimANa aura AkAra ke viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI kahanA unake lie sambhava nahIM rhaa| yaha prakriyA dUravIkSaNa yantra (telescope) ke dvArA vaijJAnikoM ke sAmane aaii| dUravIkSaNa yantra se jaba vizva ke ati dUra bhAgoM meM sthita AkAza-gaMgAoM (galaxies) kI gati kA adhyayana kiyA gayA, taba patA calA ki ye AkAzagaMgAeM eka dUsare se dUra jA rahI haiM-arthAt aisA lagA ki vizva bar3A hotA jA rahA hai| jisa prakAra gubbAre meM (baloon) havA bharane se vaha phulatA hai-vistRta hotA hai, usI prakAra vizva bhI vistRta ho rahA hai| isa prakAra ki prakriyA se vaijJAnikoM meM do mata ho ge| jo prakriyA vastuta: dekhI gaI thI, vaha yaha thI ki dUra-sthita AkAza-gaMgAoM kA varNapaTa-mApakayantra (spectrometer) dvArA adhyayana kiyA gayA, taba unake varNapaTa (spectrum) meM lAla rekhA (red line) meM parivartana dikhAI diyaa| lAla rekhA ke parivartana se anumAna kiyA gayA ki dUrastha AkAzagaMgAeM eka dUsare se dUra jA rahI haiM arthAt vizva vismRta ho rahA hai| vizva-vistAra ke siddhAMta meM saMdigdhatA kA spaSTa udAharaNa vikhyAta briTiza vaijJAnika sara jemsa jInsa ke zabdoM meM milatA hai: 'kintu tArApuJjoM kI ina gatioM ke viSaya meM saMdigdhatA ko pUrNa avakAza raha jAtA hai ki ye vAstavika haiM yA nahIM? inakA pratipAdana koI bhI pratyakSa mApa kI prakriyA para AdhArita nahIM hai|' Age calakara ve spaSTa karate haiM : "dUrasthita nihArikAeM apane se dUra jA rahI haiM, isa mAnyatA kA kevala yahI kAraNa hai ki unakA jo prakAza hameM dikhAI detA hai, vaha sAmAnyata: jitanA honA cAhie usase adhika hai| kintu gati ke atirikta anya prakriyAeM bhI prakAza ko adhika lAla banA sakatI haiN| udAharaNArtha, sUrya kA prakAza kevala sUrya ke bhAra ke kAraNa lAla bana jAtA hai; usase kahIM aura adhika lAla vaha sUrya ke vAtAvaraNa ke dabAva ke kAraNa banatA hai, jaise ki hama sUryodaya evaM sUryAsta ke samaya dekhate haiN| anya prakAra ke tArAoM kA prakAza bhI koI rahasyamaya prakAra se lAla banatA hai, jisa rahasya kA udghATana hama aba taka nahIM kara sake haiN| isalie dUrastha nihArikAeM AkAza meM sthira hone para bhI, unakA prakAza adhika lAla hogA aura isa raktIkaraNa ke AdhAra para ve nihArikAeM hama se dUra jA rahI haiM,' isa prakAra kI dhAraNA ke pralobhana meM hama A jAte isa carcA kA upasaMhAra karate hue hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vizva parimANa kI sthiratA ke bAre meM vaijJAnikoM meM do mata haiM

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279 vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 1. vizva kA parimANa sthira hai| 2. vizva kA parimANa vistRta ho rahA hai| 'vizva kI Ayu' ke viSaya meM jo siddhAMta prastuta hue haiM ve bhI ina do vicAradhArAoM para AdhArita haiN| vizva kI Ayu kyA hai? sAdi aura sAnta vizva ke siddhAMta "vizva kI Ayu kyA hai'' isa prazna ke do artha hote haiM-vartamAna meM vizva kI Ayu kyA hai arthAt jaba se vizva kI Adi huI hai, taba se Aja taka kitanA kAla bIta cukA? dUsarA artha hai "vizva kI sampUrNa Ayu kyA hai? arthAt jaba se vizva kA prArambha huA taba se lekara jaba taka usakA aMta hogA, taba taka kitanA kAla bItegA? "vizva kI Ayu kyA hai?" isa prazna kA vijJAna meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| isa prazna ke uttara meM bhI vaijJAnikoM ke do mata rahe haiM 1. vizva bhUtakAla meM kisI eka nizcita samaya para astitva meM AyA aura bhaviSya meM kisI eka nizcita samaya para vaha astitva-vihIna bhI ho jaaegaa| 2. vizva kAla kI dRSTi se anAdi aura ananta hai| prathama mAnyatA kA AdhAra mukhyata: to vizva-vistAra' kA siddhAMta hai| prayogoM ke dvArA dUrastha AkAzagaMgAoM ke bar3hane kI gati kA mApa nikAlA gayA aura jAnA gayA ki jisa vega se AkAzagaMgAeM aMtarikSa meM bar3ha rahI haiM, vaha atyadhika tIvra hai| apanI pRthvI ke samIpa rahI huI AkAzagaMgAeM eka saikiMDa meM karIba 100 mIla dUra nikala jAtI haiM, jabaki jo AkAza-gaMgAeM 2-1/2 karor3a prakAza-varSa dUra haiM, ve lagabhaga 24,000 mIla prati saikiMDa kI gati se dUra ho rahI haiN| prayogoM ke AdhAra para eDvIna habala (Edwin Hubble) ne eka niyama isa sambandha meM prastuta kiyA hai| isa niyama ke anusAra 60 lAkha prakAza-varSa kI maryAdA meM sthita AkAzagaMgAoM ke lie, gati kA AdhAra unakI pRthvI se dUrI jAtI hai| isakA artha yaha hotA hai ki jyoM-jyoM AkAzagaMgAeM pRthvI se dUra jAtI haiM, tyoM-tyoM unakI gati bar3hatI hai| isa niyama ke AdhAra para yadi AkAzagaMgAoM kI bhUtakAlIna gati kA adhyayana kiyA jAe, to hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki isa vizva meM karIba 200 karor3a varSa pUrva sabhI AkAzagaMgAeM eka hI sthAna meM thiiN| yadyapi isa nirNaya kI kalpanA kA AdhAra yaha hai ki AkAzagaMgAoM kI gati jaisI vartamAna meM hai, vaisI hI sadA thii| isa nirNaya ke bAda kiye gae prayogoM ke AdhAra para yaha saMkhyA 1000 karor3a varSa ho jAtI hai|

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280 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vizva-vistAra ke AdhAra para vizva kI Adi ko samajhAne ke lie kucha vaijJAnikoM ne prayatna kiyA hai, jinameM se ebe lemaitre (Abbe Lemaitre) aura DaoN. jyorja gemo (George Gamow) vizva kI Adi hai', isa siddhAMta ko svIkAra karate beljiyama ke suprasiddha vizva-vijJAnavettA ebe lemaitre ke vicArAnusAra yaha vizva prArambhika sthiti meM eka adbhuta aNu ke rUpa meM thaa| jaba usa aNu kA visphoTa huA, taba se usakA vistAra honA prArambha huaa| Aja taka vaha itane vizAla rUpa ko pA cukA hai tathA aura bhI vistRta ho rahA hai| isI se sAdRzya rakhane vAlA eka aura siddhAMta vAziMgTana vizvavidyAlaya ke saprasiddha vaijJAnika DAkTara jyorja gemo ne prastuta kiyA hai| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra Aja se karIba 50 karor3a varSa pUrva, isa vizva kA Adi rUpa samaprakAra kI kiraNoM kA golA thA, jisakA tApamAna itanA adhika thA ki jisakI koI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| vartamAna meM kisI bhI AkAzIya tArAoM ke antaratama garbha meM bhI vaha tApamAna vidyamAna nahIM hai| vaha 150 karor3a DigrI se bhI adhika thaa| vizva kI isa prArambhAvasthA meM na to koI padArtha (Elernent) thA, na koI laghutama dravyakaNa (Molecule) hI aura na koI aNu (Atom) bhii| kevala svairavihArI nyUTrona' idhara-udhara ghUma rahe the| jaba yaha golA vistRta honA zurU huA, taba isakA tApamAna kramaza: ghaTane lgaa| pAMca minaTa ke astitva meM vaha tApamAna ghaTakara karIba 10 karor3a DigrI ho gyaa| taba idhara-udhara ghUmane vAle nyUTronoM kI gati thor3I manda huI; ve eka-dUsare se milane lage va paraspara jur3ane lage; krama se kAla bItane para laghutama dravyakaNa aura padArtha banane lge| isa prakAra vartamAna sabhI padArtha vizva meM uSAkAla ke thor3e-se kSaNoM meM bane the aura Aja 50 karor3a varSa se vistAramAna vizva meM apanA kArya kara rahe haiN| kembrija reDiyo-jyotirvijJAna ke prophesara mArTIna rIle aura unake anya pAMca sAthiyoM dvArA rakhe gae vizva-siddhAMta ke abhimatAnusAra vizva kA eka nizcita 1. Adhunika aNu-vijJAna ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha ke aNu meM kendra hotA hai, jise nAbhi (Nucleus) kahate haiN| usake cAroM ora usase bhI sUkSma RNa-Avezita kaNa, jinheM ilekTrona kahate haiM, bahuta teja gati se cakkara kATate rahate haiN| sUkSma dhana-Avezita kaNa, jinheM proTona kahate haiM aura sUkSma Aveza-rahita kaNa, jinheM nyUTrona kahate haiM, nAbhi meM sthira rUpa se rahate haiN| ilekTrona kA bhAra samagra aNu ke bhAra ke sahasrAMza se bhI kama hotA hai| nAbhika kaNoM meM hI aNu kA adhikAMza bhAra sthita hotA hai| isa prakAra proTona aura nyUTrona adhika bhAravAna hote haiM, jabaki ilekTrona alpa bhAravAn / ilekTrona RNa-Avezita, proTona dhana-Avezita aura nyUTrona Aveza-rahita hote haiN| dikheM, 8vAM prkrnn)|

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281 vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu AraMbha hai' isa tathya kI puSTi huI hai| isa siddhAMta ke pariNAmasvarUpa nimna cAra tathya sAmane Aye haiM 1. vizva kA vistAra ho rahA hai| 2. vizva meM sthita sArA dravya, jisakA hamArI pRthvI kevala eka aMza mAtra hai, teja gati se dUra haTatA jA rahA hai| isa prakAra madhya meM kevala eka chidra ho gayA hai| 3. vizva kA aMta kabhI-na-kabhI hogaa| ukta siddhAMta 'mulAI reDiyo-oNbajaraveTarI' meM reDiyo-dUravIkSaNa yaMtra ke dvArA kie gae nirIkSaNoM para AdhArita hai| isa yaMtra ke dvArA vaijJAnika 8,000,000,000 prakAza varSa dUrI taka ke AkAza kA tathA 8,000,000,000 varSa taka bhUtakAla kA adhyayana kara pAe haiN| yaha siddhAnta lemaitre ke siddhAnta se kAphI milatA-julatA hai| isake anusAra sahasroM varSoM pUrva sArA vizva atyadhika sUkSma Ayatana (volyUma) meM samAhita thaa| sahasA isakA visphoTa huA aura tabase vizva-sthita AkAza-gaMgAeM eka-dUsare se dUra honI zurU huI haiN| ___ isa siddhAMta ke AviSkartAoM ne vizva kI Adi ke viSaya meM nizcita kAla batAyA hai, jisake anusAra dasa araba varSa pUrva vizva kA prAraMbha mAnA gayA hai| kintu 'vizva ke aMta' ke viSaya meM inhoMne koI nizcita kAla nahIM batAyA hai| phira bhI unakI yaha mAnyatA to hai hI ki vizva ananta kAla taka nahIM rhegaa| thor3e hI varSoM pUrva jo sthAyI-avasthAvAn-vizva' kA siddhAMta kaimbrija ke hI suprasiddha vaijJAnika pro. phreDa hoyala dvArA prastuta huA thA, usakA kar3A virodha pro. mArTIna rIle ne apane siddhAnta meM kiyA hai| vizva kA anta bhI AegA, isa siddhAnta kI AdhArazilA uSNatA-gati-vijJAna (thermodynamics) kA dUsarA niyama hai| isa niyama ke anusAra prakRti kI sabhI mUlabhUta prakriyAeM apratigAmI haiM arthAt parivartana kI dizA eka hai| isI vijJAna ke anusAra vizva-sthita jar3a-dravyoM kI rAzi meM bhI parivartana ho rahA hai aura yaha parivartana hAsa kI dizA meM hai| prakRti kI sabhI prakriyAeM batA rahI haiM ki vizva kI jar3a-rAzi (zaktirUpa evaM dravyarUpa) zUnya AkAza meM vilIna ho rahI hai| isa prakAra sArA vizva mAno mRtyu kI ora daur3a rahA hai| isa avasthA ko vaijJAnika paribhASA meM utkRSTa tApa-anupAta atropI' (Maximum Entropy) kI avasthA kahate haiN|' "Aja se araboM varSa pazcAt jaba yaha avasthA AegI, taba vizva kI

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282 jaina darzana aura vijJAna sabhI pravRttiyAM sthagita ho jaaeNgii| sAre vizva kA uSNatAmAna eka hI ho jaaegaa| taba na to prakAza rahegA, na jIvana aura na ussmaa| kevala nairantarika aura aTala sthiratA yA jar3atA hI rhegii| kAla svayaM samApti ko prApta hogaa| ...saba kucha, jo prakRti meM dekhA jAtA hai, usase isI siddhAMta kI puSTi hotI hai ki vizva nizcita rUpa se aMtima aMdhakAra aura vinAza kI ora Age bar3ha rahA hai|" isa prakAra vizva kI Adi ko svIkRta karane vAle siddhAMtoM meM bhI vizva kI Adi kaba huI, isake nirNaya meM aikya nahIM hai| anAdi aura ananta vizva ke siddhAMta jo siddhAMta hameM zAzvata arthAt anAdi aura ananta vizva kI bAta sujhAte haiM, unameM pAMca mahattvapUrNa prakAra haiM 1. svata: saMcAlita kampanazIla (self & pulsating) vizva / 2. atiparavalIya (hyperbolic) vishv| 3. cakrIya (cyclic) vishv| 4. sthAyI-avasthAvAn (steady-state) vizva / 5. AinsTIna kA vizva / svata: saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva aura atiparavalIya vizva-svata: saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva kA siddhAMta aura atiparavalIya vizva kA siddhAMta vistAramAna vizva ke siddhAMta para AdhArita hai| isa kalpanA ke anusAra vizva kA vistAra jaba eka utkRSTa sthiti taka pahuMcatA hai, taba vaha phira sikur3anA zurU hotA hai| sikur3ate hue vizva meM rahe hue dravya jaba utkRSTa ghanatA ko prApta hote haiM, taba vaha puna: vistRta honA Arambha ho jAtA hai; aura isa prakAra ananta kAla taka yaha krama calatA rahatA hai| arthAt sikur3ane aura vistRta hone kA yaha kampana' ananta kAla taka calatA rahatA isa prakAra ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kailiphorniyA insTITyUTa oNpha TeknolojI' ke prophesara DaoN. Ara.sI. Tolamena (R.C. Tolman) dvArA svatantra rUpa se anya AdhAroM para bhI kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. Tolamena kA siddhAMta 'uSNatA-gati-vijJAna' ke dUsare niyama para AdhArita 'vizva kA anta hai', isa siddhAMta ke viruddha nirUpaNa karatA hai| DaoN. Tolamena ne yaha batAyA hai ki kucha nizcita paristhitiyoM meM vizva ke vistAra aura saMkoca kI kriyA pratigAmI ho sakatI hai arthAt vizva kI 1. dekheM, phaoNma yukliDa TU eDiMgTana, pR0 46; dI yUnivarsa eNDa DaoN. AinsaTIna, pR0 110 /

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 283 prakriyAeM eka hI dizA meM ho rahI haiM, yaha mAnyatA galata ho sakatI hai| DaoN. Tolamena ne sAtha meM yaha parikalpanA bhI kI hai ki yaha sambhava hai ki vizva meM kahIM naI jaDa-rAzi utpanna horahI ho| isa parikalpanA ke AdhAra para unhoMne yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki vartamAna meM jo vizva kA vistAra ho rahA hai, kucha kAla pazcAt vizva puna: sikur3anA Arambha ho jAegA aura isa prakAra vistAra-saMkoca ke cakra zAzvata kAla ke lie calate rheNge| dUsare prakAra kA vizva atiparavalIya hai; arthAt Aja se ananta kAla pUrva vizva atyanta vistRtAvasthA meM thA, jaba ki usameM rahe hue jar3a dravyoM kI ghanatA bahuta hI kama thii| usake bAda vaha sikur3anA zurU huA aura taba taka sikur3atA rahA, jaba taka utkRSTa ghanatA ko prApta na huaa| usake bAda vaha punaH vistAra kI ora agrasara honA Arambha huA hai aura ananta kAla taka isa taraha vistRta hotA rhegaa| cakrIya vizva-svata: saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana dUsare AdhAra para bhI svataMtratayA kiyA jA sakatA hai| isakA AdhAra hai-AinsTIna kA 'dravya aura zakti kI tulyatA kA siddhAnta' (priMsipala oNpha ikvIvelensa oNpha mAsa eNDa enrjii)| uSNatA-gati-vijJAna ke dUsare niyama ke anusAra vizva kI jar3a-rAzi kA vinAza ho rahA hai, isa siddhAMta ko kucha vaijJAnika svIkAra nahIM krte| ina vaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki vizva eka ora jahAM vinAzonmukha ho rahA hai, vahAM yaha sambhAvanA bhI ho sakatI hai ki kisI prakAra se aura kahIM-na-kahIM, usakA puna: nirmANa bhI ho rahA hogaa| AinsTIna ke 'dravya aura zakti kI tulyatA ke siddhAnta' ke AdhAra para yaha parikalpanA kI jA sakatI hai kisa jo zakti vikiraNa riDiezana) ke rUpa meM AkAza meM lIna ho rahI hai, vahI puna: isa siddhAnta ke anusAra dravya-rUpa meM pariNata hokara, kramaza: RNANu, aNu aura laghutama dravya-kaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI haiN| ye svayaM eka dUsare ke sAtha jur3akara sthUla padArtha kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| ye sthUla padArtha gurutva-prabhAva ke kAraNa eka-dUsare meM milakara nihArikA, tArApuja Adi AkAzIya piNDoM kA nirmANa karate haiM, jo anta meM bar3I-bar3I AkAzagagAMoM ke rUpa meM vizva meM phira se apanA astitva dhAraNa karate haiN| isa krama se vizva kA jIvana-krama zAzvata kAla ke lie calatA ho|' ina saMbhAvanAoM ko puSTa karane vAle kucha prayoga bhI prayogazAlAoM meM kie gae haiN| ina prayogoM ne batAyA hai ki jaba gAmA kiraNa ke rUpa meM prakAzANu kisI bhI dravyakaNoM ke sAtha TakarAte haiM, taba RNANu aura dhanANu (pAjiTraoNna) kI utpatti hotI hai| thor3e kAla pUrva hI khagolavettAoM ne yaha nizcita kiyA hai ki AkAza-sthita halake padArthoM ke aNu eka-dUsare ke sAtha milakara raja aura vAyu ke sUkSma kaNoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hote rahate haiN| isase Age hAvarDa ke DaoN. phreDa

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284 jaina darzana aura vijJAna ela. hIpala (Fred L. Whipple) ne apanI suprasiddha 'rajomegha-kalpanA' (DasTa-klAuDa hAipothisisa) meM yaha batAyA hai ki AkAza-sthita sUkSma rajakaNa, tArAoM ke prakAza ke dabAva se eka-dUsare ke nikaTa Ate haiM aura ekIbhUta ho jAte haiN| isake pariNAmasvarUpa kaNoM kA eka samUha banatA hai, jo ki bar3A hone para eka megha kA svarUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| yaha choTA-sA rajomegha kramaza: bar3hatA huA anyAnya bhautika prakriyAoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa antata: prakAzamAna tArAoM kA svarUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| apane sAre sauramaNDala kI utpatti isI prakAra huI thI, aisA hIpala kA mAnanA isa prakAra vikiraNa se kramaza: samagra vizva meM sabhI sUkSma-sthUla padArthoM kI utpatti siddha hone para "hama eka svayaM saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva kI kalpanA para pahuMcate haiM, jisa vizva meM ananta kAla taka nirmANa aura dhvaMsa, prakAza aura tama, saMghaTana aura vighaTana, tApa aura zIta, vistAra aura saMkoca Adi ke cakra svata: calate rahate haiN| uSNatA-gati-vijJAna ke dUsare niyama meM aura ukta prakAra ke cakravat calAne vAle vizva meM paraspara virodha-sA dikhAI detA hai| isa viSaya meM suprasiddha vaijJAnika sara jemsa jInsa likhate haiM, "yaha kalpanA zakya hai ki vizeSa prakAra kI AkAzIya sthitiyoM meM jinakA hameM jJAna nahIM hai, uSNatAgati-vijJAna kA dUsarA niyama kAryakSama na ho| ...cakrIya vizva kA siddhAMta adhika prasiddhi prApta aura mAnya hai, isa viSaya meM koI sandeha nahIM hai|"2 isa prakAra svayaM saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva' kA siddhAMta vizva kA anAdi aura ananta pramANita karatA hai| vastuta: to DA. gemo kA siddhAMta bhI atiparavalIya vizva kI kalpanA ko svIkAra karatA hai| isalie DA. gemo ne bhI vAstavika dRSTi se 'anAdi vizva' ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| svayaM DA. gemo ke zabdoM meM dekheM, to "isa prakAra hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki hamArA yaha vizva zAzvata kAla se astitva meM thA aura aba se karIba 50 karor3a varSa pUrva taka samAna rUpa se sikur3a rahA thaa| Aja se 50 karor3a varSa pUrva taka vaha usa sthiti ko prApta huA, jahAM para ki saMkoca kI utkRSTa sthiti A jAne se vizva kI sabhI jar3a-rAzi kevala aNu ke sUkSma kendra ke andara samAhita ho gii| ...jisake bAda meM vaha punaH vistRta honA zurU huA hai, jo ananta kAla taka vistRta hotA rhegaa|" 1. dI yUnivarsa eNDa DA0 AinsaTIna, pa0 113 / 2. misTIryasa yUnivarsa, pR0 133 / 3. dI nyu esTronomI, pR0 23 /

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285 vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu - anAdi vizva kI kalpanA ko svIkAra karanA hI par3egA, isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue, 'vizva kI Adi' nAmaka prakaraNa meM liMkana bAraneTa likhate haiM, "vizva ke nirmANa kA cintana, vizva kI Adi ko ananta bhUta meM Dhakela detA hai| yadyapi vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA nAnA siddhAMta se tArApuMja, tArA, tArA-raja, aNu aura aNu ke sUkSma avayavoM kA nirmANa bhI gANitika vidhi se samajhAyA gayA hai, phira bhI pratyeka siddhAMta ko eka anumAna yA kalpanA kA AdhAra lenA par3atA hai ki isase pUrva kucha vidyamAna thA' cAhe vaha 'kucha' svatantra-vihArI nyUTrona ke rUpa meM ho, cAhe vikiraNa ke rUpa meM ho athavA akalpanIya 'vizva-upAdAna' ke rUpa meM ho, usI meM se isa bahurUpadhArI vizva kA nirmANa huA hai| ___ isa prakAra aba taka vivecita siddhAMta prAya: eka yA dUsare rUpa se isa tathya ko to svIkAra karate hI haiM ki yaha vizva zAzvata arthAt anAdi aura ananta hai| sthirAvasthAvAn vizva (Steady State Universe)-navyatama pracalita siddhAMtoM meM eka siddhAMta, jo sthirAvasthAna vizva' kI kalpanA karatA hai, kA vivecana karanA bhI bahuta upayogI hogaa| yaha siddhAMta bhI zAzvata vizva ke vicAra ko hI svIkAra karatA hai| yaha siddhAMta phreDa hoyala, thomasa golDa Adi vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA rakhA gayA hai| isake anusAra yadyapi vizva vistRta ho rahA hai, phira bhI usameM naI jar3a-rAzi utpanna ho rahI hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vizva sthita jar3a-rAzi kI saMhati bar3hatI hai, kintu vizva-vistAra ke kAraNa nae jar3a kI utpatti hone para bhI, vizva meM jar3a kI ghanatA sthira raha jAtI hai| isa siddhAMta ko samajhAte hue phreDa hoyala likhate haiM, "vizva vistAra ke sambandha meM eka prazna uThatA hai ki yadi dUrastha AkAzagaMgAeM eka-dUsare se dUra jA rahI haiM, to AkAza adhika se adhika rikta kyoM nahIM hotA? isa prazna kA uttara prastuta siddhAMta ke anusAra yaha hai ki vizva meM naI AkAzagaMgAeM, AkAzagaMgAoM ke nae guccha (clusters) nirantara bana rahe haiN| unakA nirmANa vistAramAna AkAzagaMgAoM ke dUrIkaraNa se janita riktAkAza ko puna: bhara detA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa AkAza kI sthiti jaisI pahale thI, vaisI raha jAtI hai|"3 1. dI yUnivarsa eNDa DA0 AinsTIna, pR0 115 / 2. dI yuniTI oNpha dI yUnivarsa, pR0 143 / 3. isake lie dekheM, 'dI yUnivarsa' pustaka meM pheDa hoyala dvArA likhita nibandha 'dI sTaiDI sTeTa yUnivarsa' pR0 77 /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna isa prakAra isa siddhAMta ke anusAra kAla-krama ke sAtha vizva kI sthUla AkRtiyoM meM parivartana nahIM AtA- - arthAt sthira avasthA rahatI hai| kevala AkAzagaMgA athavA AkAzagaMgAoM ke gucchoM meM parivartana AtA hai / isa siddhAMta ke pariNAmasvarUpa kucha eka vismayotpAdaka tathya sAmane Ae haiM : 1. vizva anAdi aura ananta hai ( kAla kI dRSTi se ) 2. AkAza aura kAla ananta haiM / 3. samasta AkAza meM nirantara rUpa se nayA jar3a utpanna ho rahA hai / isa prakAra se vartamAna meM aisA eka bhI siddhAMta vaijJAnika jagat meM nahIM hai, jo ki sarvamAnya ho / 286 AinsTIna kA vizva-yadi vistAramAna vizva ke siddhAMta ko svIkAra na kareM, to bhI AinsTIna ke dvArA die gae vizva - siddhAMta ke AdhAra para vizva anAdi aura ananta siddha hotA hai / jaise kI ricArDa jisa (Richard Hughes) apane phijiksa, esTronomo eNDa methemeTiksa nAmaka lekha meM likhate haiM: "isa prakAra - vimiti kSetra - vimiti kI taraha pUrNa vartula (baddha parimiti ) meM samAhita nahIM hotI hai| arthAt hama bhaviSya kAla meM cAhe jitane dUra cale jAeM, phira bhI hama bhUta kAla ko prApta nahIM kara sakate / yadyapi yaha kalpanA karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki kAla kI Adi hai aura anta bhI / "2 kAla isa samagra vivecana ke upasaMhAra meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki vizva - Ayu sambandhI vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA aba taka die gae siddhAMtoM meM adhikAMza siddhAMta eka yA dUsare rUpa meM, 'vizva kA astitva ananta kAla se hai,' isa tathya ko svIkAra karate haiM / dUsarA vicAra yaha hai ki vizva kI Adi kisI nizcita samaya pUrva huI aura kisI samaya isakA anta bhI ho jaaegaa| isa siddhAMta ko svIkAra karane vAle vaijJAnikoM ne bhI vizva kI Adi kA kAla bhinna-bhinna batAyA hai / 'kAla aura kSetra sAMta hai yA ananta ?' isa prazna ke sambandha meM vaijJAnika jagat meM jo anizcitatA hai, usakI spaSTa jhAMkI hameM pro. henrI mArgenau ke Adhunika vijJAna ke darzana' para likhI huI pustaka se milatI hai- "kyA kAla aura AkAza ananta hai ? Aja kA vijJAna, isa adhikatama rocaka prazna para durbhAgyavaza anizcita rahA hai| aba taka kie gae pratipAdanoM meM se sabase adhika saphala vaha pratipAdana hai, 1. vahI, pR0 77 / 2. kosmolo jIolDa eNDa nyU, pR0 229, meM uddhRta / 3. dI necara oNpha dI phijikala riyaliTI, pR0 163 /

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 287 jo sAMta AkAza-kAla kA pratipAdana karatA hai / kintu kucha vaijJAnika sAMta AkAza aura ananta kAla kA pratipAdana karate haiM, jabaki kucha donoM ko sAta svIkAra karate haiN| suprasiddha vaijJAnika mInkAuskI kA AvyUha, jo ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta meM prayukta hai, donoM ko ananta pratipAdita karatA hai !" (III) tulanAtmaka adhyayana AinsTIna kA vizva aura jaina-loka AinsTIna ke velanAkAra vizva meM AkAza ko isa prakAra vakra mAnA gayA hai ki sampUrNa vizva eka baddha-AkAra ko dhAraNa karane vAlA aura 'sAnta' bana jAtA hai| jaina darzana bhI loka-AkAza ko vakra tathA sAnta svIkAra karatA hai / AinsTIna ke vizva meM samagra AkAza svayaM sAnta aura baddha ho jAtA hai, jabaki jaina darzana ke anusAra AkAza dravya to ananta hai; kintu lokAkAza sAnta aura baddha hai| athavA yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hogA ki dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya - ina do dravyoM kI sAntatA aura baddhAkAratA ke kAraNa loka sAnta aura baddhAkAra ho jAtA hai / AinsTIna ke vizva meM samagra AkAza avagAhita hai - bharA huA hai - rikta nahIM hai / AinsTIna ke I. 1905 ke mUlabhUta samIkaraNoM ke anusAra to avagAhita padArtha ke abhAva meM AkAza kA astitva hI nahIM raha jaataa| 1 vizva kI vakratA ke viSaya meM vizva - samIkaraNa ke hala vaijJAnikoM ke sAmane yaha samasyA khar3I kara dete haiM ki vakratA dhana hai athavA RNa ? dhana vakratA vAlA vizva sAnta aura baddha tathA RNa vakratA vAlA vizva ananta aura khulA pAyA jAtA hai / AinsTIna kA vizva dhana vakratA vAlA hai; ataH sAnta aura baddha hai / RNa vakratA vAle vizva kI sambhAvanA bhI vizva samIkaraNa ke AdhAra para huI hai| isa prakAra dhana aura RNa vakratA ke AdhAra para kramaza: 'sAnta aura baddha' tathA 'ananta aura khule' vizva kI sambhAvanA hotI hai| lokAkAza kI vakratA dhana aura alokAkAza kI RNa mAna lene para jaina darzana kA vizva- siddhAnta puSTa ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra jaina vizva - siddhAnta dhana aura RNa vakratA svIkAra karane vAle vizva - siddhAnta kA samanvaya hai / karate zrI jI. Ara. jaina AinsTIna ke vizva kI jaina-loka ke sAtha tulanA hue likhate hai; "AinsTIna ke velanAkAra vizva- siddhAnta ke anusAra vizva kI Adi bhI nahIM hai / anta bhI nahIM hai, dUsare zabdoM meM yaha 'sthira ikAI' hai / aba 1. kAsmolojI olDa eNDa nyU pR0 123 - 124 /

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288 jaina darzana aura vijJAna yadi hama vizva ko ananta (kSetra kI dRSTi se) mAna lete haiM, to isakI sthiratA' sambhava nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki vaisI sthiti meM hama yaha soca sakate haiM ki ananta AkAza aneka vizvoM se bharA huA hai aura inake AkarSaNa ke kAraNa apanA vizva ananta AkAza meM bikhara jAtA hai| isalie apane vizva kI sthiratA ko TikAne ke lie hameM yaha mAnanA hI par3egA ki vizva 'sAnta' hai| kintu dUsarI ora gaNitIya samIkaraNa sAnta vizva se pare zUnya AkAza ke astitva ko asambhava batAte haiN| isalie sArA AkAza hI 'sAnta' hai, jo ki vizva ko bhI sAnta banAtA hai| "isa tarka kI apekSA meM jaina dRSTikoNa adhika buddhigamya hai| jaina vicAradhArA ke anusAra vizva (lokAkAza) kA sthairya isalie banA rahatA hai ki isase bAhara gati aura sthiti ke mAdhyama nahIM haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa, jar3a-padArtha yA UrjA isase bAhara jA hI nahIM sakate, arthAt vizva kI kula UrjA sadA acala raha jAtI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaina darzana AkAza ko dravya (sat) mAnatA hai; ata: lokAkAza ke pare 'asat' nahIM, kintu ekamAtra AkAza kA hI astitva hotA hai| isa prakAra sabhI bAdhAeM nipuNatA se dUra ho jAtI haiN|" ___AinsTIna ke vizva' sambandhI vicAroM ke pakSa evaM pratipakSa meM vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA AlocanAeM huI haiN| isa prakAra kA vizva, jaisA ki pahale batAyA gayA, saralatApUrvaka buddhigamya nahIM ho sakatA hai| kucha vaijJAnikoM ne use yaha kaha kara 'akalpanIya' batAyA hai ki yaha "kalpanA karanA asambhava hai ki eka adbhuta sImA ke bAda 'AkAza' kA astitva na ho aura gaNitajJoM ke lie bhI sImita AkAza kI kalpanA karanA apanI buddhi kA divAlA nikAlane ke samAna ho jAtA hai| anya prasiddha lekhakoM ne isake sambandha meM kahA ki "eka maryAdA se pare kucha nahIM hone kI vicAradhArA sva-khaNDanAtmaka hai|"2 jaina darzana ke lokAloka' ke vizva-siddhAnta meM aura AinsTIna ke sAnta aura vakra vizva vAle siddhAnta' meM sAdRzya adhika hai, vaisadRzya alp| sthUla rUpa se ina tIna bAtoM meM donoM siddhAntoM meM vaisadRzya lagatA hai 1. jaina darzana samagra AkAza ko ananta mAnatA hai, kevala lokAkAza ko sAnta mAnatA hai| AinsTIna kA siddhAnta samagra AkAza ko sAnta mAnatA hai| 2. jaina darzana kA AkAza yukliDIya bhI ho sakatA hai| AinsTIna AkAza yukliDiyetara hai| 1. eksaploriMga dI yUnivarsa, le0 eca0 vArDa, pR0 16 / 2. phoma yukliDa TU eDiMgTana, pR0 188 /

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289 vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 3. jaina darzana lokAkAza ke AkAra ko vakra svIkAra karatA hai| AinsTIna kA samagra AkAza vakra (pAribhASika artha meM) hai| ina saba tarka-vitarkoM se hama itanA to kaha sakate haiM ki jaina darzana kA lokAkAza aura alokAkAza kA vizva-siddhAnta AinsTIna ke sAnta kintu asImita' AkAza ke vizva-siddhAnta se adhika buddhigamya va tarka-saMgata hai| vizva-siddhAnta ke dUsare pahalU kAla ke viSaya meM to AinsTIna kA abhimata aura jaina darzana kA mantavya paraspara meM pUrNa sAmaMjasya rakhate haiN| donoM hI siddhAnta vizva ko kAla kI dRSTi se anAdi aura ananta svIkAra karate haiN| AiMsTIna ke vizva meM kAla vimiti kA ananta taka vyApta honA aura jaina darzana ke vizva-siddhAMta meM kAla kI dRSTi se lokAloka kA anAdi-ananta honA, eka hI tathya kA uccAraNa hai| 'kAla kI dRSTi se vizva kI zAzvatatA' ko pratipAdita karane vAle ye do siddhAMta-vaijJAnika jagat meM AinsTIna kA siddhAMta aura dArzanika jagat meM jaina darzana kA siddhAMta-kAla kI dRSTi se vizva ko sAdi sAnta mAnane vAle anya vaijJAnika aura dArzanika siddhAMtoM ko eka bar3I cunautI hai| vistAramAna vizva aura jaina-lokAloka jaina darzana ke dRSTikoNa se nimna kAraNoM ke AdhAra para vizva AkAza kA vistAra na honA sarvathA asambhava hai : 1. AkAza 'agatizIla' dravya hai| 2. AkAza eka akhaNDa dravya hai tathA kSetra kI dRSTi se anaMta aura asIma hai| arthAt aisA koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai; jahAM AkAza na ho| aisI sthiti meM AkAza kA vistAra kaise aura kahAM ho sakatA hai? 3. yadi AkAza ko sAnta bhI mAna liyA jAye, to bhI nAnA prazna khar3e ho jAte haiN| jaise-sAnta AkAza ke pare kyA hai? yadi 'kucha' hai to AkAza se kisa prakAra se bhinna hai aura vaha 'kucha' vistAramAna hai yA sthira? yadi vaha bhI vistAramAna hai, to kisameM' vistRta ho rahA hai? yadi usase bhI pare anya koI tattva hai aura usase pare anya koI tattva, to isa prakAra anavasthA doSa A jaayegaa| yadi vaha kucha' sthira hai, to AkAza ko sthira mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai? dUsare pakSa meM yadi sAnta AkAza se pare kucha nahIM hai to AkAza kA vistAra kisameM hogA? kyoMki kucha nahIM' meM AkAza kA vistAra ho nahIM sktaa| isa prakAra ye sAmAnya tarka para AdhArita prazna bhI sulajha nahIM pAte haiN| suprasiddha soviyata vaijJAnika va. mejentaseva ne likhA hai : "lemaitre, eDiMgTana,

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290 jaina darzana aura vijJAna milna, bauMDI aura dUsare burjuA AdarzavAdI vaijJAnika yaha batAte haiM ki "lAla sthAnAntara" se brahmANDa ke phailAva ke bAre meM patA calatA hai jo mAno sImita nahIM, hai; balki usakA sImAbaddha parimANa hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kisI samaya atIta meM brahmANDa bilkula choTA thA aura eka hI 'janaka-paramANu' se banA thaa| isa asAdhAraNa Izvara racita 'paramANu' meM sabhI graha, tAre aura aura maMdAkiniyAM mUlarUpa meM nihita thiiN| isake bAda pAramANavika visphoTa huA aura choTe-se brahmANDa ko Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diyA aura 'janaka-paramANu' ke Tukar3e aba maMdAkiniyAM vibhinna jyotipiMDoM ke rUpa meM cAroM tarapha ur3ate phirate haiN| lemaitre aura milna ne to yaha bhI hisAba lagA liyA thA ki kaI lAkha karor3a sAla pahale aisA visphoTa huA thA aura isI kAla ko vizvArambha' samajhanA caahie| "aise siddhAMtoM aura satroM kA vaijJAnika divAliyApana jAhira hai| vAstava meM agara vizvAkAza sImita hI hogA, to AdarzavAdiyoM dvArA kathita vaha sImita brahmANDa kahAM hai? ___"lAla sthAnAntara kI prakRti kI abhI taka sampUrNa vyAkhyA nahIM kI gaI hai| jo bhI ho, agara yaha ghaTanA sacamuca hI maMdAkiniyoM ke phailAva kA natIjA hai, to jahAM padArtha kI vicitratA kA koI anta nahIM hai aura na ho sakatA hai, usa samasta brahmANDa meM isa phailAva kA sambandha jor3anA asambhava hai|" hoyala ke sthAyI avasthAvAn vizva-siddhAMta kI vistRta carcA hama kara cuke haiN| isa siddhAMta kA mukhya AdhAra nimna do bAteM haiM : 1. vizva kA vistAra ho rahA hai| 2. vizva meM nayA jar3a utpanna ho rahA hai| isa siddhAMta ke pariNAmasvarUpa ye do tathya sAmane Aye haiM :3. vizva kAla kI dRSTi se anAdi aura ananta hai| 4. vizva-AkAza ananta hai| jaina darzana kA vizva-siddhAMta isa viSaya meM nimna cAra tathyoM ko rakhatA hai| 1. AkAza dravya agatizIla hai| ata: vizva kA vistAra nahIM ho sktaa| 2. asat se sat kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| vizva-sthita dravya kI rAzi 'acala' hai| 3. vizva kAla kI dRSTi se anAdi aura ananta hai| 1. vizva aura paramANu, pR0 143-144 /

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 291 4. AkAza-dravya ananta hai / dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya Adi SaD-dravyamaya lokAkAza sAnta hai| sthAyI - avasthAvAn vizva- siddhAMta aura jaina darzana ke vizva- siddhAMta kI tulanA ukta cAra tathyoM ke AdhAra para saralatA se ho sakatI hai| prathama do bAteM, jo ki sthAyI avasthAvAn vizva- siddhAMta kA AdhAra hai, jaina darzana svIkAra nahIM karatA / antima do vicAroM ke viSaya meM jaina darzana aura ukta siddhAMta meM kAphI sAmaMjasya dikhAI detA hai| tIsare tathya ke viSaya meM to donoM hI meM sampUrNa aikya hai| cauthe tathya ke nirUpaNa meM kiMcit bheda hai| jaina darzana AkAza ko ananta mAnatA huA bhI nivAsita AkAza (lokAkAza) ko sAnta mAnatA hai; jabaki sthAyI - avasthAvAn vizva- siddhAMta ananta AkAza meM nivAsita - anivAsita kA bheda nahIM karatA / jaina darzana aura hoyala ke siddhAMta meM dUsare tathya kA nirUpaNa pUrva-pazcima - sA huA hai| 'asat se sat padArtha kI utpatti' kA nirUpaNa atyanta atArkika aura akalpanIya pratIta hotA hai / AnvIkSikI meM yaha eka suprasiddha aura supramANita satya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki asat se kisI bhI sat padArtha kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / kisI bhI sat padArtha kI utpatti kA upAdAna kAraNa 'sat' hI hogA, cAhe vaha kisI bhI rUpa meM ho / yadi 'naye jar3a' se hama kevala saMhati" ke hI utpAdana kA artha grahaNa karate haiM, to jaina darzana ke sAtha ukta parikalpanA kI saMgati biThAI jA sakatI hai / Adhunika vaijJAnika dhAraNAoM ke anusAra saMhati ko bhUta kA maulika guNa mAnA gayA hai, jabaki jaina darzana ke anusAra saMhati pudgala kA mUlabhUta guNa nahIM hai saMhati - zUnya padArtha kA astitva mAnane se (ka) prakAza ke vega se adhika vega sambhAvita hotA hai / 2 (kha) naye jar3a kI utpatti kI parikalpanA ko saMgata banAyA jA sakatA hai / skandha-nirmANa se pUrva pudgala saMhati - zUnya avasthA meM astitvavAn hotA hai| paramANu-sanghAta se jaba skandha-nirmANa hotA hai, taba saMhati - guNa astitva meM AtA hai; ata: vizva-vistAra se utpanna riktatA ko bharane ke lie yadi naye jar3a kI 2 1. cUMki saMhati - zakti samIkaraNa ke anusAra donoM eka hI sat kI paryAya haiM, yahAM 'saMhati' ke sAtha zakti (UrjA, enarjI) kA grahaNa apane Apa ho jAtA hai / 2. isakI vistRta carcA hama agale prakaraNa meM kreNge| 3. catuHsparzI skandhoM meM to skandhAvasthA meM bhI saMhati - zUnya avasthA hI rahatI hai /

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292 jaina darzana aura vijJAna utpatti kI parikalpanA kI jAtI hai, to usakA yahI tAtparya ho sakatA hai ki pahale se hI vidyamAna paramANuoM ke dvArA aSTasparzI skandhoM kA nava-nirmANa hotA hai| isa prakAra, vastuta: 'nayA jar3a' utpanna nahIM hotA, para saMhati-zUnya avasthA meM pahale se hI vidyamAna pudgala kA rUpAMtara saMhatimAn avasthA meM ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jahAM vidyamAna jar3a ke nAza kI parikalpanA kI gaI hai, vahAM bhI yahI tAtparya ho sakatA hai ki saMhatimAn avasthA meM rahe pudgala-skaMdha saMhati-zUnya avasthA meM pariNata hote haiN| yadi AkAza-gaMgAoM kI gati kA tAtparya samagra vizva kA vistAra na lekara kevala kucha AkAza-gaMgAoM ke eka-dUsare se dUra jAnA hI ho, to sthAyI-avasthAvAna vizva-siddhAMta jaina dRSTikoNa ke sAtha kAphI saMgata ho jAtA hai| vistAra ke bAda saMkoca aura saMkoca ke bAda vistAra-isa rUpa meM AkAza-gaMgAoM kI gati va pratigati ke krama kI bhI parikalpanA kI gaI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha ho sakatA hai ki AkAza-gaMgAoM kI gati-pratigati ke sAtha skandha-nirmANa ke skandha-dhvaMsa kA krama calatA rahatA ho aura vistAra se janita riktatA va saMkoca se janita bahulatA kI pariNati kI pUrti hotI rahatI ho| isa prakAra, ananta-kAla taka dhvaMsa-nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha sthAyI avasthA banI rahatI ho| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki san 1964, jUna meM hoyala ke sAtha bhAratIya yuvA vaijJAnika jayanta viSNU nAralIkara ne gaNitIya AdhAroM para eka nayA vizva-siddhAMta prastuta kiyA hai, jisameM sthAyI-avasthAvAn vizva-siddhAMta ko hI nayA rUpa diyA gayA hai| prastuta saMhita-zUnya padArtha kI parikalpanA ukta siddhAMta ke lie kAphI mahattvapUrNa ho sakatI hai| Aroha-avarohazIla vizva aura avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI kAla-pravAha ke sAtha vizva-prakriyAoM meM Aroha-avaroha Ate rahate haiN| yaha nirUpaNa vaijJAnikoM ke dvArA svata: saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva', 'ati-parivalIya vizva' aura 'cakrIya vizva' ke siddhAMtoM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI ora jaina darzana ke avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI kAla-cakra kA siddhAMta isI tathya kA nirUpaNa karatA hai| inameM paraspara kahAM taka samAnatA ho sakatI hai, isakI carcA upayogI hogii| svata: saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva kI kalpanA vizva-vistAra ke siddhAMta para AdhArita hai; ata: jaina darzana kA jo matabheda vizva-AkAza ke viSaya meM vistAramAna 1. hoyala-nAralIkara siddhAMta kI ghoSaNA se pUrva hI saMhati-zUnya padArtha ke astitva kI sambhAvanA kA saMketa antarrASTrIya prAcyavidyA sammelana, dillI meM 4 janavarI, 1964 ko par3he gae 'spesa eNDa TAima ina jaina maiTAphijiksa eNDa moDarna phijiksa' zIrSaka muni mahendra kumAra ke zodha-patra meM kiyA jA cukA thaa|

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 293 vizva-siddhAMta' ke sAtha hai, vaha isake sAtha bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se ho hI jAtA hai| paranta kAla ke dRSTikoNa se vizva ke nirUpaNa ke viSaya meM yaha siddhAMta aura jaina darzana eka-dUsare ke bahuta nikaTa A jAte haiN| donoM hI vizva ke astitva ko anAdi-ananta svIkAra karate haiM aura kAla-pravAha ke sAtha vizva ke Aroha-avaroha kA pratipAdana karate haiN| ___AinsTIna ke 'dravya aura zakti kI samAnatA' ke niyama para AdhArita cakrIya vizva-siddhAMta kI vistRta carcA meM hamane dekhA ki kisa prakAra yaha siddhAMta vizva ko nirmANa aura dhvaMsa ke ananta cakroM meM se gujarane vAlA kintu zAzvata ghoSita karatA hai| vaijJAnika jagat meM yaha eka aisA siddhAMta hai, jo jaina darzana ke kAlacakra-siddhAMta ke sAtha adhikatama sAmaMjasya rakhatA hai| cakrIya vizva-siddhAMta' aura 'avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI kA siddhAMta' sthUla rUpa se eka hI tathya kA nirUpaNa karate haiM ki vizva kI prakriyAoM meM kAla-pravAha ke sAtha nirmANa aura dhvaMsa kramaza: hotA rahatA hai aura ina cakroM ke calate rahane para bhI vizva kA astitva anAdi ananta hai| 'cakrIya vizva-siddhAMta' ke viSaya meM nimna do bAteM ullekhanIya haiM 1. yaha siddhAMta jina parikalpanAoM para AdhArita hai (jinakA saMkSipta vivecana hama kara cuke haiM), ve Thosa prAyogika aura saiddhAMtika AdhAra para nirmita 2. isa siddhAMta ke antargata vizva kA kevala kAla kI dRSTi se hI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, ata: vizva-AkAza vistAramAna hai yA sthira, isake viSaya meM yaha siddhAMta kucha bhI nahIM khtaa| ___ atiparavalIya vizva-siddhAMta aura svata: saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva-siddhAMta meM kevala itanA hI antara hai kisa atiparavalIya vizva-siddhAMta vizva ko kAla kI dRSTi se anAdi-ananta mAnatA huA bhI usameM kevala eka saMkoca-vistAra kI kalpanA karatA hai, jabaki svata:saMcAlita kaMpanazIla vizva meM ananta saMkoca-vistAra kI kalpanA kI gaI hai; ata: svata: saMcAlita kaMpanazIla vizva ke sAtha jaina darzana ke avasarpiNI-utsarpiNI-siddhAMta kA jitanA sAdRzya thA, utanA atiparavalIya siddhAMta ke sAtha nahIM hai| DaoN. jyorja gemo kA udvikAsI vizva-siddhAnta' bhI 'atiparavalIya vizva siddhAnta' para AdhArita hai| DaoN. gemo ne 'udvikAsI-vizva' ke pratipAdana meM eka manoraMjaka kalpanA kI hai| sikur3ate hue aura vistRta hote hue vizva meM kAla-pravAha ke sAtha vizva kI anya prakriyAoM para kyA prabhAva rahA hogA, isa viSaya kA nirUpaNa

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294 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kara hue DaoN. gemo likhate haiM.' 'jaba vizva sikur3a rahA thA, taba kyA vizva kI sabhI prakriyAeM ulTe krama se calatI thI? yaha prazna hama apanI kalpanA ke bala para apane Apako pUcha sakate haiN| isase Age yaha kalpanA bhI kara sakate haiM ki kyA sATha se assI karor3a varSa pUrva Apa yaha pustaka ulTe krama se - aMtima pRSTha se prArambha kara Adi pRSTha kI ora par3ha rahe the ? athavA kalpanA ko isase bhI Age daur3Ane para yaha prazna bhI ho sakatA hai ki kyA usa samaya manuSya apane muMha meM se pakAI huI murgI nikAla kara, apane rasoIghara meM usameM jIvana DAlakara use bAhara kheta meM bhejA karate the; jahAM ve murgiyAM vRddhAvasthA se yuvAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA se bAla-avasthA ko prApta hotI huI aMta meM aNDe kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara letI thIM? isa prakAra ke praznoM kA uttara kevala vaijJAnika AdhAra para nahIM diyA jA sktaa| kyoMki jaba vizva sikur3atA - sikur3atA utkRSTa sthiti ko prApta huA thA, taba vizva- sthita samasta jar3a- rAzi kevala eka choTe se aNu ke bhItara samAhita ho gaI thI aura isa prakriyA ke kAraNa saMkocamAna - vizva meM 'kauna-sI kriyA kisa rUpa meM hotI thI?' isakA sArA itihAsa dhvasta ho gayA / " DaoN. gemo dvArA kiye gaye isa nirUpaNa kI samIkSA jaina darzana ke 'kAlacakrIya-siddhAMta' ke Aloka meM karane se suprasiddha vaijJAnika kI vicitra kalpanAoM kA aura praznoM kA samAdhAna sahaja rUpa se milanA sambhava ho sakatA hai / prakRti kI prakriyAoM ke ulaTane kA artha 'pustaka ko aMta se zurU kara Adi taka par3hanA' aura 'muMha se murgI nikAla kara murgI kA hrAsa hokara aNDe meM praviSTa honA' Adi nahIM hai / kintu usakA artha hotA hai - pudgala ke varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza - ina mUla guNoM kI paryAyoM meM hAni-vRddhi honA aura isake pariNAmasvarUpa hI manuSyoM ke AyuSya, UMcAI, asthi- saMkhyA Adi jIvana se sambandhita prakriyAoM meM avasarpiNI kAla meM uttarottara hrAsa aura utsarpiNI kAla meM uttarottara vikAsa hotA rahatA hai / sAdi vizva- siddhAnta aura jaina darzana sAdi-vizva-siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya yaha hai ki 1. vana, TU, thrI inphiniTI, pR0 335 / 2. jaina darzana ke kAlacakra - siddhAnta meM prANiyoM kI UMcAI Adi kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, usakI puSTi kucha eka Adhunika vaijJAnika khojoM dvArA huI hai| eka purAtattva anveSaNa-yugala DaoNo lUI lIke aura zrImatI merI lIke ne pUrva aphrIkA se TAMgAnikA meM Aja se 20 lAkha varSa pUrva ke manuSya evaM pazuoM ke kucha avazeSoM kI khoja kI hai| unake anusAra usa yuga meM rahane vAlI bher3a ke sIMga 15 phITa lambe the tathA eka pakSI kI lambAI do maMjila makAna jitanI thI, jisake aMDe 'bAuliMga' geMda se bhI bar3e hone caahie| dekheM, rIDarsa DAijesTa, aprela 1964 meM The Man of Two Millions Years ago and His Companions zIrSaka lekha /

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295 vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu kyA ye siddhAnta vizva' ke astitva mAtra ko 'sAdi' svIkAra karate haiM, athavA 'vizva' kI vartamAna yA vizeSa avasthA ko? yadi ve kevala vizva kI vartamAna yA vizeSa avasthA kA 'Arambha' svIkAra karate haiM, to yaha svayaM svIkRta ho jAtA hai ki vizva kA astitva to anAdi hai hI; kevala vizva kI avasthA kA parivartana koI nizcita kAla pUrva huA thaa| aisI sthiti meM jaina darzana ke sAtha ina siddhAntoM kA adhika vaiSamya nahIM raha jaataa| kintu yadi ve vizva meM astitva mAtra se hI Arambha kA pratipAdana karate haiM, to jaina darzana ke anusAra vaha tarka-saMgata nahIM hotaa| ebe lemaitre ke siddhAMta ke virodha meM jaina darzana vahI tarka upasthita karatA hai ki jisa adbhuta aNu meM se vizva kA janma huA, usa aNu kA astitva anAdi hai yA sAdi? yadi usako anAdi mAnA jAye, to vizva' bhI anAdi ho jAtA hai| yadi usako 'sAdi' mAnA jAye, to usakA upAdAna kAraNa kucha aura mAnanA pdd'egaa| aba cUMki asat upAdAna se sat kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI; ata: usa aNu kA upAdAna kAraNa bhI sat honA caahie| isako yadi sAdi mAnA jAye to usI prakAra upAdAna kAraNoM kI paramparA calane para 'anavasthA-doSa' utpanna ho jAtA hai; ata: kahIM-na-kahIM 'anAdi upAdAna' svIkAra karanA hI par3atA hai, jo vizva ko mUlata: anAdi banA detA sAnta vizva-siddhAnta aura jaina dRSTikoNa vizva ke astitva kA eka samaya aMta A jAyegA'-isa siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa mukhyata: uSNatA-gati-vijJAna ke dUsare niyama para AdhArita hai| isa siddhAMta ke pratipAdana ke viSaya meM nimna cha: bAtoM kI ora dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai: 1. isa siddhAnta ke anusAra "vizva-sthita jar3a rAzi (zakti rUpa evaM dravya rUpa) zUnya AkAza meM vilIna ho rahI hai|" isa nirUpaNa kA artha hotA hai ki vizva kI jar3a-rAzi kA nAza ho rahA hai, kintu 'dravya aura zakti kI surakSA ke niyama' ke anusAra vizva kI jar3a-rAzi zAzvata kAla ke lie acala rahatI hai| isa prakAra ukta siddhAMta isa niyama ke sAtha asaMgata hai| 'dravya aura zakti kI surakSA kA niyama' vijJAna kA mUlabhUta AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana ke pariNAmI-nityatva-vAda' ke dRSTikoNa se bhI yaha nirUpaNa samyag nahIM lgtaa| 2. dUsarI dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai-isa viSaya meM sara jemsa jInsa kA sujhAva / sara jemsa jInsa ke anusAra, 'yaha sarvathA kalpanIya hai ki vizeSa prakAra kI AkAzIya sthiti meM uSNatA-gati-vijJAna kA yaha (dUsarA) niyama sahI na ho|" pariNAmasvarUpa 'vizva kA aMta hai' yaha nirUpaNa galata ho jAtA hai|

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296 jaina darzana aura vijJAna isI tathya kA spaSTa nirUpaNa eDiMgTana ke zabdoM meM isa prakAra milatA hai : "vaijJAnika darzana meM yaha sAdhAraNatayA mAnA huA tathya hai ki prakRti ke niyamoM dvArA kisI zAzvata satya kA pratipAdana nahIM hotA; kevala hamAre sImita anubhava meM Ane vAlI prakriyAoM ke lie unakA satya honA sambhava hai| isase Age ye sarvadA aura sarvatra satya hai'-aisA vidhAna karane kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM hai|" 3. tIsarA mahattvapUrNa tarka ukta siddhAnta ke virodha meM yaha hai ki uSNatA-gati-vijJAna kA dUsarA niyama svayaM kahAM taka pramANita hai, yaha carcAspada viSaya 4. isa siddhAnta kI saMdigdhatA kA cauthA pramANa hai-uSNatA gativijJAna' ke prAcIna asApekSavAdI (non-relativistic) nirUpaNa aura navIna sApekSavAdI nirUpaNa kA vaissmy| 5. prastuta siddhAnta kA Thosa virodha vizva ke punarnimANa kI kalpanA para AdhArita 'cakrIya-vizva-siddhAMta' ne kiyA hai| 6. sAnta vizva-siddhAnta vastuta: to kevala itanA hI pratipAdana karatA hai ki eka nizcita samaya ke bAda vizva-sthita antropI utkRSTatama sthiti ko prApta kara legii| kintu usa avasthA meM vizva ke 'astitva' kA bhI nAza ho jAyegA, yaha kisa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai? vizva kI utkRSTatama antropI vAlI dazA meM bhI na kevala vizva kA astitva banA rahegA, kintu usake punarnirmANa kI sambhAvanA bhI raha jaayegii| kucha vaijJAnikoM kA yaha pratipAdana ki usa sthiti meM kAla svayaM samApti ko prApta hogA' galata hai| isake atirikta Adhunika vijJAna ke prAya: sabhI siddhAnta-cakrIya vizva-siddhAnta, svata: saMcAlita kampanazIla vizva-siddhAnta, sthAyI avasthAvAn vizva-siddhAnta, udvikAsI vizva-siddhAnta-vizva kI kAla vimiti ko anAdi-ananta svIkAra karate haiM; jaina darzana bhI yahI pratipAdana karatA hai| isa prakAra ye sabhI siddhAnta isa siddhAnta ke virodha meM haiN| yadi ukta siddhAnta ko sahI mAna liyA jAye, to bhI vaha 'vizva kI vartamAna vyavasthita avasthA kA aMta A jAyegA'-isa rUpa taka hI sImita raha jAtA hai| 'vizva-astitva kA aMta' yA vizva kI kAla-vimiti kA aMta'-isa prakAra kA pratipAdana ukta siddhAnta se phalita nahIM hotaa| niSkarSa kA navanIta 1. vartamAna meM vijJAna-jagat meM vizva-sambandhI eka bhI aisA siddhAnta nahIM hai jo nirvivAdatayA sabake dvArA svIkRta ho| jaina darzana eka sarvAMgINa aura vyavasthita vizva-siddhAnta isa prahelikA ke samAdhAna ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai|

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vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu 297 2. vijJAna - jagat meM 'AkAza' aura 'vizva' ke bIca meM koI antara nahIM hai / isake parimANa ke viSaya meM do mata haiM : 1. vizva ( AkAza ) sAnta hai / 2. vizva (AkAza) ananta hai / jaina darzana vizva aura AkAza ko sarvathA eka nahIM maantaa| 'vizva' ko 'AkAza' kA eka bhAga mAnatA hai| isake anusAra : 1. AkAza (sampUrNa) ananta hai / 2. vizva (lokAkAza) sAnta hai / 3. alokAkAza ananta hai / ' 3. 'vizva sAnta hai yA ananta ?' isa prazna ko sulajhAne ke lie vaijJAnika 'AkAza kI vakratA' kI kalpanA karate haiM / jaina darzana isakA samAdhAna - ( 1 ) RRNa-dhana Ithara aura ( 2 ) AkAza ke vibhAgIkaraNa ke nirUpaNa se karatA hai 1 4. 'vistAramAna vizva' kA siddhAnta yadyapi vijJAna - jagat meM adhika se adhika mAnyatA prApta ho rahA hai, phira bhI isakA sthAna 'asaMdigdha' nahIM hai / jaina darzana ke AdhAra para lokAkAza kA vistAra asaMbhava hai; vaha AkAzIya piNDoM kI gati kI saMbhAvanA se inkAra nahIM karatA / 5. vijJAna - jagat ke adhikAMza siddhAnta aura jaina darzana mAnate haiM ki vizva kala kI dRSTi se Adi - rahita aura anta - rahita hai / 6. vaijJAnikoM kA cakrIya vizva- siddhAnta aura jaina darzana kA 'kAla cakra' kA siddhAnta paraspara adhika sAmya rakhate haiM 1 7. bhautika vijJAna kA mUlabhUta siddhAnta 'dravya aura zakti kI surakSA kA niyama' aura jaina darzana kA maulika siddhAnta pariNAmI - nityatvavAda' eka hI tathya kA uccAraNa karate haiM ki ananta pariNamanoM ke hote hue bhI padArtha zAzvata hai| yaha nissandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina darzana ke vizva - siddhAnta kI tarka-saMgatatA Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ko prabhAvita karane vAlI hai| nimna tathya vizeSataH 1. isako sAMketika rUpa meM isa prakAra likhA jA sakatA hai : AkAza = loka + aloka AkAza-ananta loka-sAnta aloka- ananta

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298 jaina darzana aura vijJAna dhyAtavya haiM : 1. AkAza eka vastu sApekSa vAstavikatA hai; kintu pudgala (maiTara) se bhinna hai| 2. AkAza loka aura aloka ke rUpa meM vibhAjita hai| 3. vizva (lokAkAza) kA AkAra trizarAvasammuTa' hone ke kAraNa vakratAyukta hai| 4. vizva kA parimANa (vAlyuma) kisI bhI rUpa meM 1010 ghana mAiloM se kama nahIM hai| 5. alokAkAza ananta hai| vaha rikta hote hue bhI asat (avAstavika) nahIM hai| 6. lokAkAza meM dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya nAmaka do dravya (reality) haiM, jo ki gati aura sthiti ke asAdhAraNa mAdhyama haiN| alokAkAza meM inakA abhAva hone se vahAM koI anya dravya na to hai aura na jA sakatA hai| 7. AkAza-dravya agatizIla hai| 8. sabhI padArtha (sat) dravyatva kI apekSA se zAzvata-anAdi-ananta haiM; ata: vizva bhI zAzvata hai| 9. vizva ke vizeSa kSetroM meM utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI kAlacakra kA pravartana hone se prakRti kI prakriyAoM meM Aroha-avaroha hote rahate haiN| astu Aja ke isa yantra-pradhAna yuga meM, dIrghakAya dUravIkSaNayaMtra' (TeliskaoNpa), reDiyo-dUravIkSaNayaMtra, sUkSmavIkSaNayaMtra (mAikroskopa), varNapaTa mApaka yaMtra (spekTromITara) Adi yathArthatama mApane vAle yantroM se susajjita vaidhazAlAoM evaM prayogazalAoM ke hote hue bhI yadi vaijJAnika vizva-prahelikA ko nahIM sulajhA pAye haiM, to usa yuga meM jabaki ina sAdhanoM kA sarvathA abhAva thA, jaina dArzanikoM ne vizva kI sAntatA', 'AkAza aura kAla kI anantatA', 'gati-sthiti mAdhyamoM (ItharoM) kI vAstavikatA' vizva kA nizcita parimANa aura AkAra, padArtha meM pariNAmI-nityatva dharma, kAlacakra ke pravartana ke sAtha prakRti ke parivartana Adi tathyoM kA vivecanapUrvaka aura asIma nizcalatA se kisa prakAra pratipAdana kiyA, yahI prazna jijJAsA-zIla manuSya ko indriya-pratyakSa kI choTI talaiyA se nikAla kara Atma-pratyakSa ke lahalahAte mahAsAgara kI ora jhAMkane ko utkaNThita kara detA hai| 1. mAuNTa vilasana kI vaidhazAlA meM 60 iMca aura mAuNTa pailomera kI vaidhazAlA meM 200 iMca kI dIrghatA ke kAca se-yukta dUravIkSaNa yaMtra kA upayoga hotA hai|

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299 vizva kA parimANa aura Ayu abhyAsa 1. jaina darzana ke anusAra vizva ke AkAra aura parimANa kI carcA kreN| 2. jaina darzana ke kAla-cakrIya siddhAMta ko vistAra se smjhaaie| 3. ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta se pUrva aura pazcAt kAlIna vaijJAnikoM dvArA vizva ke parimANa ko kisa prakAra samajhAyA gayA ? 4. vistAramAna vizva kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa prastuta kreN| 5. vaijJAnikoM dvArA prastuta vizva kI Adi aura anta' sambandhI siddhAMtoM ko samajhAte hue unake vaijJAnika AdhAroM ko spaSTa kreN| 6. jaina darzana ke vizva ke parimANa-sambandhI vicAroM kI AinsTIna ke etadviSayaka vicAroM ke sAtha tulanA kreN| 7. sAdi sAnta vizva-siddhAMtoM kA jaina darzana ke AdhAra para khaMDana kreN| 8. jaina darzana aura vijJAna ke 'anAdi-ananta vizva-siddhAMtoM' kI tulanA kreN| 9. jaina darzana ke kAlacakrIya siddhAMta kA vaijJAnika AdhAroM para mUlyAMkana kreN|

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8. jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM (ka) jaina darzana meM pudgala 1 'pudgala' zabda jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai / jo varNa, sparza, gandha aura rasa- ina guNoM se yukta hai, vaha pudgala hai| pudgala kA Adhunika paryAyavAcI zabda jar3a athavA bhautika padArtha ho sakatA hai| kintu UrjA, jo ki vastuta: jar3a kA hI rUpa hai, pudgala ke antargata A jAtI hai| pudgala 1 chaha dravyoM meM jIva ko chor3akara zeSa pAMcoM hI dravya ajIva haiM; pudgala bhI ajIva hai / vaha caitanya- guNa se rahita hai| / pudgala ke sUkSmatama avibhAjya aMza ko paramANu kahA jAtA hai| vizva ( lokAkAza) meM paramANuoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai aura pratyeka paramANu, svatantra ikAI hai| jaba ye paramANu paraspara jur3ate haiM, taba 'skandha' kA nirmANa hotA hai / skandha meM do se lekara ananta paramANu ho sakate haiM / lokAkAza ke jitane bhAga ko eka paramANu avagAhita karatA hai, utane bhAga ko 'pradeza' kahA jAtA hai / kintu pudgala kI svAbhAvika avagAhana-saMkoca - zakti ke kAraNa lokAkAza ke eka pradeza meM 'ananta-pradezI'' (ananta paramANuoM se banA huA ) skandha Thahara sakatA hai I samagra lokAkAza meM (jo ki asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka hai ) ananta 'ananta- pradezI' skandha vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra dravya - saMkhyA kI dRSTi se pudgala dravya ananta haiM, kSetra kI dRSTi se svataMtra paramANu eka pradeza kA avagAhana karatA hai aura svatantra skandha eka se lekara asaMkhyAta pradezoM kA avagAhana karatA hai tathA samagra pudgala dravya samasta loka meM vyApta haiM; kAla kI dRSTi se anAdi aura ananta haiM; svarUpa kI dRSTi se varNa, sparza Adi guNoM se yukta, caitanya - rahita aura mUrta haiM / pudgala kA nAmakaraNa / paribhASA pudgala zabda kI vyutpatti hai - pud gala / pud = pUraNa arthAt saMghAta yAnI saMyukta yAnI saMyukta honA (Fusion ) aura gala = arthAt bheda yAnI viyukta honA (fission) / kevala vaha padArtha hI pudgala hai jisameM saMzliSTa aura vizliSTa hone kI kSamatA hai| chaha dravyoM meM kevala pudgala dravya meM hI yaha kSamatA hai, anya pAMca dravyoM meM nhiiN| jo dravya prati samaya milatA - galatA rahe, banatA - bigar3atA rahe, TUTatA - jur3atA rahe; vaha pudgala hai /

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301 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala pudgala ke lAkSaNika guNa haiM-sparza , rasa, gandha aura vrnn| ina guNoM ke kAraNa pudgala mUrta (indriya-grAhya) banatA hai| ye guNa kevala pudgala-dravya meM hI hote haiM, anya pAMca dravyoM meM nhiiN| isalie zeSa pAMca dravya amUrta yA arUpI hote haiN| pudgala dravya rUpI yA indriya-grAhya hone kA tAtparya kevala yaha nahIM ki vaha cakSu-grAhya hai, para sabhI indriyoM dvArA grAhya hai| arthAt pudgala kI vilakSaNa pahicAna yaha hai ki vaha chuA jA sakatA hai, cakhA jA sakatA hai; suMdhA jA sakatA hai aura dekhA bhI jA sakatA hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sparza rasa, gaMdha aura varNa-ye cAroM hI guNa sabhI pudgaloM meM prakaTa yA aprakaTarUpa meM eka sAtha vidyamAna hote hI haiN| pudgala ke lAkSaNika guNa aura guNoM kI paryAya varNa ke mUla pAMca prakAra haiM-kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA, zveta / gaMda ke mUla do prakAra haiM-sugaMdha aura durgNdh| rasa ke pAMca prakAra haiM-mIThA, kaTu, khaTTA, kasailA, tikt| sparza ke ATha prakAra haiM-zIta, uSNa, snigdha, rUkSa, guru laghu, mRdu, ktthor| varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza-ye pudgala ke guNa haiN| kRSNa Adi pAMca raMga varNa-guNa kI paryAya haiM; sugaMdha-durgaMdha gaMdha guNa kI paryAya haiM isI prakAra madhura Adi pAMca tathA zIta Adi ATha kramaza: rasa aura sparza guNa kI paryAya haiN| isa prakAra cAra guNoM kI 20 paryAyeM haiN| hama guNa ko nahIM jAnate balki usakI paryAya ko jAnate haiN| jaise-sparza guNa nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, apitu zIta yA uSNa paryAya kA jJAna hama kara sakate haiN| paryAya badalatI rahatI hai, para guNa sadA banA rahatA hai| jaise-sparza guNa sadA banA rahatA hai, para zIta kA uSNa yA uSNa kA zIta ke rUpa meM paryAya-parivartana ghaTita hotA rahatA hai; hama inhIM paryAyoM ko jAnate rahate haiN| jaise guNoM kI paryAya hotI haiM, vaise dravya kI paryAya bhI hotI haiN| sabhI dravyoM kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiN| pudgala-dravya kI ananta paryAyoM meM se kucha viziSTa paryAyoM kI carcA kareMgepudgala kI viziSTa paryAya 1. zabda-eka skandha ke sAtha dUsare skaMdha ke TakarAne yA kisI skaMdha ke TUTane se jo dhvani rUpa pariNAma utpanna hotA hai, use zabda kahate haiN| zabda karNa/zrotrendriya kA viSaya hai| paramANu zabda utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| vaizeSika darzana meM zabda ko AkAza dravya kA guNa mAnA gayA hai, para jaina darzana ke anusAra vaha AkAza kA guNa nahIM, varan pudgala kI paryAya hai| isa mAnyatA ke samarthana meM aneka tarka die gae haiN|

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302 jaina darzana aura vijJAna utpatti kI dRSTi se zabda ke mukhya do prakAra haiM-1. vainasika-svAbhAvika yA prAkRtika-jaise bAdaloM kA grjnaa| 2. prAyogika-prayatnajanya / prAyogika ke do prakAra haiM-1. bhASAtmaka 2. abhaassaatmk| pahale prakAra meM manuSya, pazu-pakSiyoM Adi kI dhvaniyAM AtI haiN| dUsare prakAra meM prakRti-janya aura vAdya-yaMtroM se utpanna hone vAlI dhvaniyoM kA samAveza hotA hai| bhASAtmaka zabda ke do bheda haiM-1. akSarAtmaka 2. anakSarAtmaka / pahale varga meM aisI dhvaniyAM AtI haiM jo akSarabaddha kI jA sake aura likhI jA ske| dUsare varga meM rone-cillAne, khAMsane-phusaphusAne Adi kI tathA pazu-pakSiyoM Adi kI dhvaniyAM AtI haiM, jinheM akSarabaddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ___abhASAtmaka ke do bheda haiM-1. vaisrasika, 2. prAyogika / vAdya-yaMtroM se utpanna hone vAlI dhvaniyAM dUsare varga meM haiN| inake cAra prakAra haiM-tata, vitata, ghana, sussir| 1. tata-jo dhvani carma-tanana Adi jhilliyoM ke kampana se utpanna hotI hai| jaise-bherI, tabalA, Dholaka Adi AghAta vAdya (percussion instruments) 2. vitata-vINA Adi taMtri-yaMtroM (string instruments) meM taMtrI (tAra) ke kampana se utpanna dhvani / jaise-vINA, tamburA, sItAra aadi| 3. dhana-ghaNTA Adi Thosa (ghana) dravyoM ke abhighAta se utpanna dhvani / jaise ghaNTA, tAla aadi| 4. suSira-baMsI Adi meM rahe riktasthAna meM rahe vAyu-pratara ke kaMpana se utpanna dhvni| jaise-baMzI, zaMkha aadi| eka anya apekSA se zabda ke tIna bheda bhI kie jAte haiM-1. jIva zabda, 2. ajIva zabda, 3. mizra shbd| zabda vainasika prAyogika - bhASAtmaka abhASAtmaka akSarAtmaka anakSarAtmaka tata vitata ghana suSira

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303 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala 2. bandha (fusion) 'bandha' zabda kA artha hai baMdhanA, jur3anA, milanA, saMyukta honaa| do yA do se adhika paramANuoM kA bhI bandha ho sakatA hai aura do yA do se adhika skaMdhoM kA bhii| isI taraha eka yA eka se adhika paramANuoM kA eka yA eka se adhika skaMdhoM ke sAtha bhI bandha hotA hai| pudgala-paramANuoM (kArmaNa vargaNAoM) kA jIva dravya ke sAtha bhI baMdha hotA hai| baMdha kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki usakA vighaTana yA vikhaNDana yA aMta avazyambhAvI hai; kyoMki jisakA prArambha hotA hai, usakA aMta bhI avazyameva hotA hai| eka niyama yaha bhI hai ki jina paramANuoM yA skaMdhoM kA paraspara baMdha hotA hai, ve paraspara sambaddha raha kara bhI apanA-apanA svataMtra astitva kAyama rakhate haiN| eka dravya dUsare dravya ke sAtha dUdha aura pAnI kI bhAMti athavA rAsAyanika pratikriyA se sambaddha hokara bhI apanI pRthak sattA nahIM khotaa| usake paramANu kitane hI rUpAntarita ho jAeM phira bhI unakA apanA svataMtra astitva kAyama rahatA hai| yaha to svaSTa hai ki pudgala dravya sakiya hai aura jo sakriya hotA hai usakA TUTate-phUTate rahanA, jur3ate-milate rahanA svAbhAvika hI hai| hAM, usameM koI-na-koI kAraNa nimitta ke rUpa meM avazya hotA hai; udAharaNArtha miTTI ke aneka kaNoM kA bandha hone para ghar3A banatA hai| isameM kumhAra nimitta hai| dravya kI apanI rAsAyanika prakriyA bhI baMdha kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai| kapUra Adi ke sammilana se banI huI amRtadhArA aura udjana (hAiDrojana) Adi vAtiyoM (gaisoM) ke milane se banA huA jala aisI hI prakriyAoM ke pratiphala haiN| jainAcAryoM ne bandha kI prakriyA kA atyanta sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai| yadyapi vijJAna isa vizleSaNa ko apane prayogoM dvArA pUrNata: siddha nahIM kara sakA hai tathApi isakI vaijJAnikatA meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| paramANu se skaMdha, skaMdha se paramANu aura skaMdha se skaMdha kisa prakAra banate haiM isa viSaya meM hama mukhyata: cAra tathya pAte haiM 1. skaMdhoM kI utpatti kabhI bheda se, kabhI saMghAta se aura kabhI bhedasaMghAta se hotI hai| skaMdhoM kA vighaTana arthAt kucha paramANuoM kA eka skaMdha se vicchinna hokara dUsare skaMdha se mila jAnA bheda kahalAtA hai| do skaMdhoM kA saMghaTana yA saMyoga ho jAnA saMghAta hai aura ina donoM prakriyAoM kA eka sAtha ho jAnA bheda-saMghAta hai| 2. paramANu kI utpatti kevala bheda-prakriyA se hI saMbhava hai| . 3. pudgala meM pAye jAne vAle snigdha aura rUkSa nAmaka do guNoM ke kAraNa

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304 hI yaha prakriyA saMbhava hai 1 bhI 4. baMdha kI prakriyA meM saMghAta se utpanna snigdhatA athavA rUkSatA meM se jo guNa adhika parimANa meM hotA hai, navIna skaMdha usI guNa-rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie eka skaMdha pandraha snigdhaguNayukta skaMdha aura teraha rUkSaguNayukta skaMdha se bane to yaha navIna skaMdha snigdha guNarUpa hogA / Adhunika vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki yadi kisI paramANu meM se RNANu (ilekTrAna) nikAla liyA jAe to vaha dhana-vidyud Avezita (pojITivhalI cArjDa) aura yadi eka RNANu jor3a diyA jAe to vaha RNANu vidyud Avezita (nigeTivhalI cArjDa ) ho jAtA hai / 3. bheda (fission) skaMdhoM kA vighaTana arthAt kucha paramANuoM kA skaMdha se vicchinna hokara alaga ho jAnA antaraMga aura bahiraMga- ina donoM prakAra ke nimittoM se skaMdhoM kA aneka skaMdhoM athavA paramANuoM ke rUpa meM vicchinna honA bheda kahalAtA hai / bheda ke bhI do prakAra haiM - 1. vaisrasika 2. prAyogika / jaina darzana aura vijJAna vaisika bheda- kisI bhI paudgalika skaMdha kA svAbhAvika vighaTana vaisrasika bheda kahalAtA hai| udAharaNArtha - bAdaloM kA vighaTana / vAyu, varSA, jala-pravAha Adi naisargika paribaloM dvArA hone vAlA vighaTana bhI isa koTi meM samAviSTa hai / Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se reDiyo kriyAtmaka tattvoM meM se vikiraNa kA utsarjana bhI vaii bheda kA spaSTa udAharaNa hai / nimitta kI vividhatAoM ke kAraNa bheda ke pAMca yA chaha prakAra hote haiM1. utkara - phaadd'naa| muMga Adi padArthoM ko dAla ke rUpa meM do bhAgoM meM phAr3anA yA vibhAjita karanA / 2. cUrNa - pIsanA | gehUM Adi padArthoM ko pIsakara ATA banAnA / 3. khaMDa-TUkar3e krnaa| loha Adi padArthoM ko tor3akara TUkar3e karanA / 4. pratara-tahoM yA paratoM (layers) meM vibhAjana karanA / abaraka Adi padArthoM kI parata utAranA / 5. anutaTikA - darAra par3anA / kAca divAra Adi padArthoM meM darAra DAlanA / savArthasiddhi ke anusAra bheda ke chaha prakAra isa rUpa meM milate haiM1. utkara - karauta Adi se jo lakar3I Adi ko cirA jAtA hai /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala 305 2. cUrNa - gehUM Adi kA jo sattu (Adi) yA kanaka Adi banatI hai I 3. khaNDa - ghaTa Adi ke jo kapAla (yAnI ThIkarA yA ThIkarI) aura zarkarA (kaMkarA ) Adi TUkar3e hote haiM / 4. cUrNikA - ur3ada yA muMga Adi kA jo khaNDa (dAla ke rUpa meM) kiyA jAtA hai / 5. pratara - megha ke jo alaga-alaga paTala Adi hote haiM / 6. anucaTaNa - tapAe hue lohe ke gole Adi ko ghana Adi se pITane para jo sphuliMgeM nikalate haiN| (4) saukSamya aura ( 5 ) sthaulya sUkSmatA - sUkSmatA kA artha hai choTApana / yaha do prakAra kI hai / antya sUkSmatA aura ApekSika sUkSmatA / antya sUkSmatA paramANuoM meM hI pAyI jAtI hai aura ApekSika sUkSmatA do choTI-bar3I vastuoM meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se pAyI jAtI hai / sthUlatA - sthUlatA kA artha bar3Apana hai / vaha bhI do prakAra kA hai : antya sthUlatA jo mahAskandha meM pAyI jAtI hai aura ApekSika sthUlatA jo choTI-bar3I vastuoM meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se pAyI jAtI hai / dUsarI apekSA sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA kI paribhASA isa prakAra bhI kI jA sakatI hai jo kisI dUsare padArtha ko na roka sake aura na hI svayaM kisI se ruka sake, athavA eka-dUsare meM samA kara raha sake yA eka dUsare meM se pAra ho jAe use sUkSma kahate haiM; tathA jo padArtha dUsare ko roke athavA dUsare se ruka jAe, eka-dUsare meM na samA sake na pAra ho sake vaha sthUla kahalAtA hai 1 koI padArtha pUrNata: sUkSma hai, koI kama sUkSma hai, koI pUrNata: sthUla hai, koI sthUla hai| jo kisI se bhI kisI prakAra na ruke aura pratyeka padArtha meM samA kara raha sake vaha pUrNa sUkSma hai| jo hara padArtha se ruka jAe tathA kisI meM bhI samA kara raha na sake aura kisI meM se bhI pAra na ho sake, vaha pUrNa sthUla hai| jo kisI se ruka jAe aura kisI se nahIM tathA kisI meM samA jAe aura kisI meM nahIM athavA kisI-meM-se pAra ho jAe aura kisI- meM se nahIM, vaha kama sUkSma tathA kama sthUla hai arthAt usameM sUkSmatA tathA sthUlatA donoM mile hue haiN|

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306 jaina darzana aura vijJAna isa prakAra utkRSTa sthUla kA nAma hai 'sthUla-sthUla', madhyama sthUla kA nAma 'sthUla' aura jaghanya sthUla kA nAma hai 'sthUla-sUkSma' (pahale sthUla, phira suukssm)| isI prakAra utkRSTa sUkSma kA nAma hai 'sUkSma-sUkSma', madhyama sUkSma kA nAma hai 'sUkSma' aura jaghanya sUkSma kA nAma hai 'sUkSma-sthUla' (pahale sUkSma, phira sthuul)| inhIM nAmoM ko utkRSTa sthUlatA se kramapUrvaka ghaTAte-ghaTAte utkRSTa sUkSmatA-paryanta yadi ginA jAe to yoM hogA-utkRSTa sthUla, madhyama sthUla, jaghanya sthUla, jaghanya sUkSma, madhyama sUkSma, utkRSTa sUkSma, yA sthUla-sthUla, sthUla, sthUla-sUkSma, sUkSma-sthUla, sUkSma, suukssm-suukssm| vaha padArtha jo kisI dUsare meM na to samA sakatA hai, na kisI dUsare meM-se Ara-pAra ho sakatA hai, na svayaM apanI sthiti tathA zakla badala sakatA hai, jahAM rakha diyA jAe vahAM hI jyoM-kA-tyoM par3A rahatA hai, vaha sthUla-sthUla' pudgala skandha hai| isa prakAra pRthvI arthAt sabhI choTI yA bar3I Thosa vastueM isa zreNI meM A jAtI hai| ve padArtha jo sabameM to nahIM para kisI padArtha meM samA sake aura kisI padArtha se Ara-pAra ho sake, svayaM apanI sthiti tathA zakla bhI badala sake, jahAM use rakhA jAe vahAM hI jyoM-kI-tyoM par3A rahatA hai, vaha sthUla-sthUla' pudgala skandha hai| isa prakAra pRthvI arthAt sabhI choTI yA bar3I Thosa vastueM isa zreNI meM A jAtI haiN| ve padArtha jo sabameM to nahIM para kisI padArtha meM samA sakeM aura kisI padArtha se Ara-pAra ho sakeM, svayaM apanI sthiti tathA zakla bhI badala sake jahAM use rakhA jAe vahAM hI jyoM-kI-tyoM par3I na raha sake, jinheM TikAne ke lie bahuta kucha sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA lenI par3e, tathA jinheM tor3ane para puna: svayaM mila jAeM, ve saba sthUla' pudgala skandha haiN| isa prakAra jala tathA vAyu tattva isa zreNI meM A jAte haiN| vaha padArtha jo kucha anya padArthoM meM se Ara-pAra ho sake, tathA jise kisI prakAra bhI pakaDa kara rakhA na jA sake, vaha sthUla-sUkSma padArtha hai, jaise prakAza; kyoMki yaha zIze meM se Ara-pAra ho jAtA hai| sparzanendriya kA jo viSaya garmI-sardI, rasanendriya kA jo viSaya svAda, ghrANendriya kA jo viSaya gandha aura karNendriya kA jo viSaya zabda, ye cAroM prakAra ke padArtha 'sUkSma-sthUla' haiN| yahAM taka ke sarva padArtha tathA viSaya to hama sabako pratyakSa hai; parantu isase Age kI zreNI meM sthUlatA bilakula nahIM raha jAtI aura isalie ve hamArI indriyoM ke viSaya bhI nahIM bana skte| ve hara padArtha meM-se Ara-pAra bhI ho jAte haiN| aise padArtha 'sUkSma' kahalAte haiN| Aja ke bhautika vijJAna dvArA khojane para cumbaka kI kiraNeM tathA reDiyo kI taraMgeM isa zreNI meM grahaNa kI jA sakatI haiM; kyoMki ye hara padArtha meM-se

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307 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala Ara-pAra hone kI zakti rakhatI haiM, aura indriyoM dvArA kisI prakAra bhI inakA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; parantu Agama ke anusAra kArmaNa vargaNAeM isa koTi meM AtI haiN| kArmaNa vargaNA eka prakAra kA sUkSma pudgala skandha hai, jo indriyoM dvArA pratyakSa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| svayaM paramANu sUkSma-sUkSma' pudgala hai, jisase sUkSma anya koI pudgala saMbhava nahIM hai| (6) saMsthAna (AkAra) saMsthAna kA artha hai aakaar-rcnaa-vishess| saMsthAna bhI pudgala kA eka mahattvapUrNa paryAya hai jisake kAraNa tri-AyAmAtmaka AkAza meM pudgala avagAhana kara sakatA hai| saMsthAna ananta prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| moTe taura para use do prakAra meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai-itthaM saMsthAna, anitthaM saMsthAna / jisake viSaya meM yaha saMsthAna isa prakAra kA hai' aisA nirdeza kiyA jA sake vaha 'itthaM' lakSaNa saMsthAna hai| usake mukhya pAMca prakAra haiM-1. vRtta-golAkAra 2. trikoNAkAra 3. catuSkoNa 4. Ayata 5. parimaNDala-valayAkAra / megha Adi ke AkAra jo ki aneka prakAra ke haiM aura jinake viSaya meM yaha isa prakAra kA hai|' aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, vaha anitthaM lakSaNa saMsthAna hai| (7) prakAza aura (8) aMdhakAra prakAza aura andhakAra-donoM hI pudgala ke pariNamana haiN| prakAza pudgala kI paryAya hai jisake nimitta se prANI dekha sakate haiN| aMdhakAra adRzyatA kA kAraNa hai aura yaha bhI pudgala kI hI paryAya hai| jaina darzana ne aMdhakAra ko prakAza kA kevala abhAva nahIM mAnA hai| prakAza kA vaijJAnika vivecana isa prakAra hai-vaha cAhe sUrya kA ho, cAhe dIpaka kA, nirantara gatizIla hai| vaijJAnikoM ne loka (brahmANDa) meM ghUmane vAle AkAzIya piNDoM kI gati, dUrI Adi ko mApane ke lie prakAza-kiraNa ko hI apanA mApa-daNDa mAna rakhA hai; kyoMki usakI gati sadA samAna hai| prakAza meM pahale bhAra nahIM mAnA gayA thA, lekina aba yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki vaha eka zakti kA bheda hote hue bhI bhAravAna hai| vaijJAnikoM ne yaha bhI patA lagAyA hai ki prakAza vidyut-cumbakIya tattva hai| vaha eka vargamIla kSetra para prati miniTa AdhI chaTAka mAtrA meM sUrya se giratA hai| tApa-tApa ko hama uSNatA kaha kara samajha sakate haiN| ise pudgala ke uSNa sparza guNa kA paryAya kahA jAnA cAhie; tabhI tApa kA vivecana pUrNata: vaijJAnika dRSTi se hogaa|

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308 jaina darzana aura vijJAna paramANu meM dhanANu aura RNANu nirantara gatizIla rahate haiM aura isI taraha aNu meM svayaM paramANu aura aNu-gucchakoM meM aNu nirantara gatizIla rahate haiN| yahI AMtarika gati jaba bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai aura sUkSma kaNa paraspara TakarAte hue idhara-udhara daur3ane lagate haiM taba ve tApa ke rUpa meM dikhane lagate haiN| jaina sUtrakAroM ne Atapa, udyota aura prabhA ke rUpa meM prakAza ke tIna prakAra batAe haiN| Atapa-sUrya, agni Adi kA uSNa prkaash| usameM UrjA kA adhikAMza tApa-kiraNoM (heat rays) ke rUpa meM pragaTa hotA hai| udyota-candramA, jugnu Adi kA zItala prkaash| usameM UrjA kA adhikAMza prakAza-kiraNoM (lightrays) ke rUpa meM pragaTa hotA hai, tApa kA pUrNa abhAva yA alpa mAtrA hotI hai| prabhA-ratna Adi prakAza dene vAle padArthoM se nikalanevAle prakAza ko prabhA kahate haiN| tama (andhakAra)-jo dekhane meM bAdhaka ho aura prakAza kA virodhI ho vaha andhakAra hai| kucha jainetara dArzanikoM ne andhakAra ko koI vastu na mAnakara kevala prakAza kA abhAva mAnA hai para yaha ucita nhiiN| yadi aisA mAna liyA jAe to yaha bhI kahA jA sakegA ki prakAza bhI koI vastu nahIM hai, vaha to kevala tama kA abhAva hai| vijJAna bhI andhakAra ko prakAza kA abhAvarUpa na mAnakara pRthak vastu mAnatA hai| vijJAna ke anusAra andhakAra meM bhI upastu kiraNoM (iMphrAreDa hITa reja) kA sadbhAva hai jinase ullU aura billI kI AMkheM tathA kucha viziSTa acitrIya paTa (phoTogrAphika pleTsa) prabhAvita hote haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki andhakAra kA astitva dRzya prakAza (vijibila lAiTa) se pRthak hotA hai| chAyA-prakAza para AvaraNa par3ane para chAyA utpanna hotI hai| prakAza-patha meM apAradarzaka vastuoM (opeka baoNDIja) kA A jAnA AvaraNa kahalAtA hai| chAyA ko andhakAra ke antargata rakhA jA sakatA hai aura isa prakAra vaha bhI prakAza kA abhAva rUpa nahIM apitu pudgala kI paryAya siddha hotI hai| vijJAna kI dRSTi meM aNuvIkSoM (leMsoM) aura darpaNoM ke dvArA pratibimba do prakAra ke hote haiM, vAstavika aura avAstavika / inake nirmANa kI prakriyA se spaSTa hai ki ye UrjA/prakAza ke hI rUpAntara haiN| UrjA hI chAyA (zeDo) aura vAstavika

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala 309 (riala) evaM avAstavika ( varcuala ) pratibimboM (imejoM ) ke rUpa meM lakSita hotI hai / vyaktikaraNa paTTiyoM (inTarapherensa baiMDsa) para yadi gaNanAyaMtra ( kAuMTiMga mazIna ) calAyA jAe to kAlIpaTTI (DArka baiMDa) meM - se bhI prakAza - vaidyuta rIti se (phoTo-ilekTrikalI) RNANuoM (ilekTronsa) kA ni:sarita honA siddha hotA hai / tAtparya yaha ki kAlI paTTI kevala prakAza ke abhAvarUpa nahIM, usameM bhI UrjA hotI hai aura isI kAraNa usase vidyudaNu nikalate haiN| kAlI paTTiyoM ke rUpa meM jo chAyA hotI hai vaha bhI UrjA kA hI rUpAntara hai / vargIkaraNa - prakAza-patha meM darpaNoM (mirarsa) aura aNuvIkSoM (leMsesa) kA A jAnA bhI eka prakAra kA AvaraNa hI hai| isa prakAra ke AvaraNa se vAstavika aura avAstavika pratibimba banate haiM / aise pratibimba do prakAra ke hote haiM, varNAdi vikAra pariNata aura pratibimbamAtrAtmaka / varNAdi vikAra pariNata chAyA meM vijJAna ke vAstavika pratibimba lie jA sakate haiM, jo viparyasta (invarTeDa) ho jAte haiM aura jinakA parimANa ( sAija ) badala jAtA hai| ye pratibimba prakAza - razmiyoM ke vastutaH milana se banate haiM aura prakAza ko hI paryAya hone se spaSTataH paudgalika haiM / pratibimbamAtrAtmikA chAyA ke antargata vijJAna ke avAstavika pratibimba ( varcuala imejeja ) rakhe jA sakate haiM, jinameM kevala pratibiMba hI rahatA hai, prakAza- razmiyoM ke milane se ye pratibimba nahIM banate / vidyut (bijalI) - vidyut ko hama sAdhAraNataH dhana- vidyut aura RNa-vidyut do rUpoM meM dekhate haiN| ye donoM hI pudgala-paryAeM haiM aura donoM kA vaijJAnika mUlAdhAra eka hI hai / vaijJAnika dRSTi se vidyut ke do rUpa haiM- dhana aura RNa / dhana kA AdhAra udyutkaNa (proTaoNna) aura RNa kA AdhAra vidyutkaNa (ilekTrAna) hai| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra vizva kA pratyeka padArtha vidyunmaya hai / reDiyo- kriyAtattva (reDiyo ekTiviTI ) - ) - jaba kisI paramANu (eTama) se kisI kAraNavaza usake mUlabhUta kaNa, vidyutkaNa aura udyutkaNa, pRthak hote haiM taba bama phaTane kI taraha dhar3Ake kI AvAja hotI hai, sAtha hI usase eka prakAra kI lau nikalatI hai jo prakAza kI taraha Age-Age baDhatI calI jAtI hai / isI ke prasAraNa ko reDiyo-kriyAtattva yA kiraNa - prasAraNa (reDiezana) kahate haiM / Adhunika vijJAna ke 103 tattva - vaijJAnikoM ne pudgala kI kucha aisI paryAyoM kA patA lagAyA hai, jo apanI eka svatantra jAti rakhatI haiM aura jinameM kisI anya jAti kA mizraNa svabhAvata: nahIM hotA / aisI amizrita jAti kI pudgala - paryAyoM ko hI vijJAna meM tattva kahA jAtA hai|

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310 jaina darzana aura vijJAna jaina darzana ko isa 103 kI saMkhyA se bhI koI Apatti nahIM / ye 103 tattva kevala pudgala dravya kI hI paryAya haiN| __ aNubama-pahale vaijJAnikoM kI mAnyatA thI ki unakA tathAkathita paramANu TUTatA nahIM, vicchinna nahIM hotA; lekina dhIre-dhIre unakI yaha mAnyatA khaNDita hotI gyii| dhIre-dhIre yaha bhI anveSaNa huA ki paramANuoM ke bIjANuoM kI ikAI meM apAra zakti bharI par3I haiN| unhoMne yaha anveSaNa bhI kiyA ki yUreniyama nAmaka tattva ke paramANuoM kA vikiraNa ho sakatA hai| inhIM saba anveSaNoM ke AdhAra para aNubama ko janma milaa| yUreniyama tattva, jisake paramANuoM ke vikiraNa se aNu-visphoTa hotA hai, pudgala-dravya kI paryAya hai; ata: yaha saba pudgala dravya kA hI camatkAra hai| udjana bama-udjana bama kA siddhAMta aNubama ke siddhAMta se ThIka viparIta hai| aNubama aNuoM ke vibhAjana (fission) kA pariNAma hai jabaki udjana bama unake saMyoga (fusion) kaa| yaha bhI spaSTata: pudgala kI hI paryAya hai| reDiyo/TelIgrAma Adi-reDiyo, TelIgrAma, TrAMjisTara, TelIphona, TelIpriMTara, betAra-kA-tAra, grAmophona aura Tepa-rikArDara Adi aneka yantra Aja vijJAna ke camatkAra mAne jAte haiM; para ina sabake mUlabhUta siddhAMta para dRSTipAta karane se hama isI niSkarSa para Ate haiM ki yaha saba zabda kI adbhuta zakti aura tIvragati kA hI pariNAma hai aura zabda pudgala kI hI paryAya hai| sacamuca pudgala ke khela adbhuta aura ananta haiM! TelIvijana-jaise reDiyo yantra-gRhIta zabdoM ko vidyutpravAha se Age bar3hA kara sahasroM mIla dUra jyoM-kA tyoM prakaTa karatA hai, vaise hI TelIvijana bhI prasAraNazIla praticchAyA ko sahasroM mIla dUra jyoM-kA-tyoM vyakta karatA hai| jaina zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki vizva ke pratyeka mUrta padArtha se pratikSaNa tadAkAra praticchAyA nikalatI rahatI hai aura padArtha ke cAroM ora Age bar3ha kara vizva bhara meM phaila jAtI hai| jahAM use prabhAvita karane vAle padArthoM-darpaNa, jala Adi kA yoga hotA hai, vahAM vaha prabhAvita bhI hotI hai| TelIvijana kA AviSkAra isI siddhAMta kA udAharaNa hai; ata: TelIvijana kA antarbhAva pudgala kI chAyA nAmaka paryAya meM kiyA jAnA caahie| eksa-reja-eksa-reja bhI vijJAna-jagat kA eka mahattvapUrNa evaM camatkArapUrNa AviSkAra hai| prakAza-kiraNoM kI abAdha gati evaM atyanta sUkSmatA hI isa AviSkAra kA mUla hai; ata: eksa-reja ko pudgala kI prakAza nAmaka paryAya ke antargata rakhanA

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala 311 hI ucita hai| anya-vizva meM jo kucha bhI chUne, cakhane, sUMghane, dekhane aura sunane meM AtA hai vaha saba pudgala kI paryAya hai| prANimAtra ke zarIra, indriya aura mana Adi pudgala se hI nirmita haiN| vizva kA aisA koI bhI pradeza-konA nahIM hai, jahAM pudgala dravya kisI-na-kisI paryAya meM vidyamAna na ho| (kha) pudgala kA sAmAnya svarUpa (1) pudgala astikAya hai __ pratyeka paudgalika padArtha aneka avayavoM kA samUha hai, tathA AkAza-pradezoM meM phailatA hai (avagAhana karatA hai|) isalie vaha astikAya hai| pudgala skandha saMkhyAta athavA ananta pradezoM se banatA hai; isakA AdhAra usakI saMracanA hai| eka svatantra paramANu ke koI vibhAga nahIM hote| pudgala kA AkAza-pradezoM meM avagAhana-saMkhyAta, asakhyAta, ananta pradezI skaMdhoM dvArA AkAza kA avagAhana eka pradeza se asaMkhyAta pradeza taka hotA hai| AkAza ke avagAhana meM avagAr3ha AkAza-pradezoM kI saMkhyA skaMdha ke paramANuoM kI saMkhyA se adhika nahIM ho sktii| udAharaNArtha-100 paramANuoM se nirmita skaMdha jise sau-pradezI skaMdha kahA jAtA hai jaghanyata: eka AkAza-pradeza kA avagAhana kara sakatA hai, para utkRSTata: 100 AkAza-pradezoM meM hI phaila sakatA hai, usake adhika meM nhiiN| ananta yA ananta-anaMta ananta pradezI skaMdha kI utkRSTa avagAhanA bhI asaMkhyAta pradeza hI ho sakatI hai| ananta nhiiN| yaha isalie saMbhava hai ki pudgala meM saMpIDyatA kA adbhuta guNa hotA hai jisakI badaulata asaMkhyAta pradeza jitane AkAza meM bhI anantAnaMta paramANuoM kA skaMdha samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA Adhunika vijJAna ke isa AviSkAra ke sAtha susaMgata hotI hai ki aNu kA 99.97 % saMhati (dravyamAna yA mass) ANvika nAbhika (nucleus) meM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| jabaki nAbhika pUre aNu kA - veM bhAga jitanA AkAza avagAhana karatA hai| (2) pudgala sat aura dravya hai vaha sat hai, isalie vaha parivartanazIla bhI hai aura nitya bhI hai| pratyeka kSaNa meM hone vAle pudgala ke paryAyoM ke parivartana ke do kAraNa hote haiM-1. AMtarika pariNamanazIla saMracanA; 2. anya sat (padArthoM) ke sAtha pArasparika pratikriyA / jaina 1. kisI bhI skaMdha kA avibhAjya aMza 'pradeza' kahalAtA hai| vaha eka paramANu jitanA hotA hai| 50000000000000000

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312 jaina darzana aura vijJAna darzana isa bAta para bala detA hai ki pudgala ke ye ananta paryAya kAla meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAeM' haiM, kintu pudgalAstikAya dravya hai, isalie usakA dravya eka 'kAlAtIta sAtatya' yA avicchinna sattva' hai; kintu kAla meM ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanA nhiiN| (3) pudgala nitya, avinAzI hai-tattvAntaraNIya nahIM hai nityatva evaM atattvAntaraNIyatA (nontransmutability) ye donoM guNa pudgala-sahita sabhI dravyoM meM hote haiN| isalie pudgala ke lie nimnalikhita vizeSaNa prayukta hue haiM-kAla kI apekSA se pudgala atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM hogaa| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to anAdi atIta kAla meM jitane pudgala-paramANu the, vartamAna meM utane hI haiM aura ananta bhaviSya meM bhI utane hI rheNge| pudgala-dravya kI apanI maulikatA yathAvat banI rahatI hai| pudgala niyata, zAzvata, dhruva, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya hai| saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki satata pariNamanazIla hote hue bhI pudgala aparivartanIya (atattvAntaraNIya) hai| pudgala sadA pudgala rahatA hai, usakA anya (dravyoM) meM rUpAntaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| pudgala ko dharmAstikAya Adi anya dravyoM meM badalA nahIM jA sktaa| pudgala jIva ke sAtha sambaddha hotA hai tathA donoM eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karate rahate haiM; phira bhI na kabhI pudgala jIva ke rUpa meM badalatA hai aura na jIva kabhI pudgala ke rUpa meN| atattvAMtaraNIyatA ke guNa ke kAraNa sabhI dravya apane svabhAva ko banAe rakhate haiN| (4) pudgala acetana sattA hai, cetana nahIM ___ pudgala caitanya-rahita ajIva padArtha hai| vaha sadA ajIva rahatA hai; vaha na jAnatA hai, na anubhava karatA hai, na ciMtana-manana karatA hai| isalie kisI bhI paudgalika upakaraNa dvArA yaha kArya saMbhava nahIM hai| kampyUTara, kRtrima bauddhikatA Adi ke sAre kArya cetanA-rahita hone se ajIva kI koTi meM hI aaeNge| jaina darzana ne jIva-nirjIva yA cetana-acetana kI bheda-rekhA "caitanya'' guNa ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kI hai| yadyapi jIva dvArA jJAna Adi kArya meM pudgala kI sahAyatA lI jAtI hai, para mUlacaitanya kA astitva to jIva kA apanA hI hotA hai| (5) pudgala pariNAmI hai arthAt parivartanazIla hai; pudgala kriyAvAn hai arthAt satata sakriya hai pudgala jar3a padArtha yA acetana hote hue bhI satata sakriya banA rahatA hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala 313 pudgala cAhe paramANu ke rUpa meM ho yA skaMdha-rUpa meM ho, satata parivartanazIla rahatA hai; usameM kucha-na-kucha ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| pudgala kI pravRtti do rUpa meM ho sakatI hai-1. aisA pariNamana jisameM gati kA abhAva hotA hai| yaha pariNamana svAbhAvika rUpa meM sabhI paudgalika padArthoM meM ghaTita hotA rahatA hai, utpAda aura vyaya kA krama calatA rahatA hai| isalie pudgala pudgala rahate hue bhI usakI paryAyoM meM nirantara parivartana hotA rahatA hai| pUrva avasthA kA vinAza aura uttara avasthA kI utpatti-yahI pariNamana hai| 2. paramANu yA skaMdhoM kA AkAza-pradezoM meM gamana-rUpa parivartana "kriyA'' kahalAtI hai| prakampana, dolana Adi bhI gati kriyA ke udAharaNa haiN| pariNamana pariNamana yA paryAya ke do rUpa haiM-(ka) arthaparyAya, (kha) vyaMjana paryAya / arthaparyAya AMtarika parivartana hai jo eka 'samaya' kI avadhi kA hotA hai, nirantara hotA rahatA hai, aura isakA pravAha aMta-hIna (ananta) hotA hai| jaise kAla-pravAha apane Apa meM niraMtara aura aMta-hIna hotA hai, vaise hI arthaparyAya ke rUpa meM paryAya kA pravAha pratyeka pudgala meM ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| arthaparyAya sampUrNata: sva-sApekSa hotA hai, para-sApekSa nhiiN| eka samayavartI hone ke kAraNa vaha na dekhA jA sakatA hai, na vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyaMjanaparyAya AMtarika aura bAhya donoM rUpa meM ho sakatA hai| yaha parivartana kucha avadhi paryanta calatA hai yAnI isameM eka samaya se adhika samaya lagatA hai| ise eka " ghaTanA'' ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai jo AkAza aura kAla meM ghaTita hotI hai| pudgala kI vibhinna vyakta avasthAeM vyaMjanaparyAya kA hI rUpa hai| jaise-eka lekhanI' pudgala kI vyaMjanaparyAya hai| vyaMjanaparyAya sthUla, kAlAMtarasthAyI aura abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| arthaparyAya sUkSma, eka samayavartI aura avyakta hotA hai| kriyA gati ke lie kriyA zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi jIva bhI gatizIla dravya hai, phira bhI jIva kI gati sadA pudgala-sApekSa hotI hai| apane ApameM jIva "agatizIla' hai| isa dRSTi se chaha dravyoM meM padgala ko hI gatizIla yA gamana ke lie sakSama mAnA jA sakatA hai| pudgala bhI gatizIla hote hue bhI sadA gatimAna nahIM rhtaa| gati ke pazcAt pudgala sthiti yA sthirAvasthA meM AtA hai| gati aura sthiti ke rUpa meM paryAya badalatA rahatA hai| do gatiyoM ke bIca sthirAvasthA AtI rahatI hai|

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314 jaina darzana aura vijJAna gati sthAnAMtara ke rUpa meM yA kaMpana ke rUpa meM ho sakatI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM gati ke kucha prakAroM kI carcA kI gaI hai| gati svAbhAvika bhI ho sakatI hai, bAhya nimitta yA bala ke prabhAva se bhI ho sakatI hai| gati prakampanAtmaka bhI ho sakatI hai aura cakrAtmaka bhI ho sakatI hai, yA donoM eka sAtha bhI ho sakatI hai| paramANu kI gati ke sandarbha meM isakI vistAra se carcA kI jaaegii| (6) pudgala galana-milana-dharmA hai chaha dravyoM meM kevala pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai, jo galana-milana-dharmA hai| eka pudgala dUsare pudgala ke sAtha milakara nae pudgala kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai; ise pUraNa (fusion) kahA jAtA hai tathA eka pudgala-skaMdha TUTa kara yA vighaTita hokara anya pudgala-skaMdhoM meM badala sakatA hai| vighaTana kI isa kriyA ko galana (fission) kahA jAtA hai| 'bandha' aura 'bheda' jinakI carcA Upara kI gaI hai kramaza: pUraNa aura galana dharma kA hI pariNAma hai| bandha yA bheda kI prakriyA hI pudgala kI zakti yA UrjA kI utpatti meM nimitta banatI hai| Adhunika vijJAna meM aNubama aura hAiDrojana bama kramaza: phizana aura phyUjana kI prakriyAoM dvArA janita ANavika UrjA dvArA nirmita hote haiN| jaina darzana ke dvArA pratipAdita pudgala ke galana-milana dharmoM ke ye spaSTa udAharaNa haiN| aNubama ke nirmANa ke lie yUreniyama-235 nAmaka dhAtu ke aNu kA vikhaMDana kiyA jAtA hai| jaba yaha prakriyA ghaTita hotI hai, to UrjA kA vimocana hotA hai jisakI mAtrA atyadhika hai| hAiDrojana bama ke nirmANa meM hAiDrojana ke aNuoM kA saMghaTana kiyA jAtA hai jisake pariNAma sparUpa atyadhika mAtrA meM UrjA kA vimocana hotA hai| sAmAnya jIvana meM koyale ko jalAkara tApa prApta karane kI prakriyA meM bhI koyale ke kArbana-aNu havA ke AksIjana-aNu ke sAtha saMyojita hote haiM aura sAtha hI UrjA kA vimocana hotA hai jo tApa yA prakAza ke rUpa meM hotI hai| yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina darzana aura vijJAna donoM eka hI tathya kA nirUpaNa karate haiM-dRzya jagat meM pudgala kA samasta rUpAMtaraNa usake galana-milana dharma ke kAraNa hI ho rahA hai| yaha galana-milana kI prakriyA svAbhAvika yA prayoga-janya donoM rUpa meM saMbhava hai| eka paudgalika skaMdha jo paramANuoM ke saMyoga se nirmita hai dUsare paudgalika skaMdha ke rUpa meM parivartita ho sakatA hai| yahAM taka ki jise vijJAna ne maulika tattva (element) mAnA hai, ve bhI eka-dUsare meM parivartita ho sakate haiM yA kie jA sakate haiN| jaise-reDiyo-kriyA ke pariNAma svarUpa yUreniyama (jo eka maulika tattva hai) svata: sIse ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| kRtrima prayogoM dvArA pAre ko

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315 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala sone meM badalA jA sakatA hai| pudgala meM yadi galana dharma yA viyojaka zakti kA abhAva hotA, to saba paramANuoM kA piMDa bana jAtA aura yadi milana dharma yA saMyojaka zakti kA abhAva hotA, to eka-eka paramANu alaga-alaga rahakara kucha nahIM kara paate| isa prakAra ke galana-milana dharma kI vizeSatA se hI samasta paudgalika jagat ke parivartana hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| vibhinna paramANuoM ke saMyoga (milana) se aura vikhaNDana (galana) se isa prakAra skaMdhoM kA ho sakatA hai (ka) do paramANuoM ke saMyoga se do paramANuvAle eka skaMdha kA nirmANa hogA, ise dvi-pradezI skaMdha kahA jAtA hai| dvi-pradezI skaMdha ke vikhaNDana se do paramANu bneNge| (kha) tIna paramANuoM ke saMyoga se-(i) tri-pradezI skaMdha banegA athavA - (ii) dvi-pradezI skaMdha+eka paramANu yaha dvipradezI skaMdha tIna prakAra se saMbhava ho sakatA hai-jaise yadi tIna paramANu a, ba, sa hai, to eka vikalpa-aba+sa dUsarA vikalpa-asa+ba tIsarA vikalpa-basa+a isa prakAra kula cAra saMbhAvanAeM haiN| 1. vijJAna ke anusAra saMsAra meM mUla tattva 92 haiN| hAiDrojana se lekara yUreniyama taka ina 92 tattvoM meM sonA, cAMdI, lohA, pArA Adi sabhI tattvoM kA samAveza hotA hai| inake aNuoM kI saMracanA bhinna-bhinna hone se inake svarUpa evaM guNadharmoM meM bhinnatA rahatI hai| jaise hAiDrojana kA aNubhAra kevala eka (ikAI) hotA hai, to yUreniyama kA aNu-bhAra 235 hotA hai| yaha bhAra aNu ke kendra meM rahe saMhativAle laghukaNoM ke kAraNa hotA hai| paridhi para ghumane vAle laghukaNoM meM bhAra nagaNya hotA hai| kendraka kaNoM meM proTona evaM nyUTrona hote haiM tathA paridhi ke kaNa ilekTrona kahalAte haiN| pAre kA aNu-bhAra 200 hai| usameM eka proTona aura milAyA jAya, to usakA bhAra 201 ho jaaegaa| aisA karane para eka alphA kaNa kA vikiraNa usa aNu se bAhara nikala jAtA hai, jisakA bhAra 4 hotA hai| aisA hone se pIche aNubhAra 197 bacatA hai, jo sone ke eka aNu kA bhAra hai| arthAt pArA sone meM badala gyaa| prAcIna yuga meM bhI pAre se sonA banAne kI vidhiyAM thIM, aisA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi isa vidhi kA pUrA jJAna aba upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki ANavika visphoTa kI sthiti paidA karane se yaha ho sakatA hai|

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316 jaina darzana aura vijJAna isI prakAra Age ke vikalpa banAe jA sakate haiN| paramANu-milana (fusion) ke niyama jaina darzana ne paramANuoM ke saMghAta' (milana) ke lie unake snigdha-rUkSa sparza ko kAraNa mAnA hai, snigdha-rUkSa sparze kI tulanA Adhunika vijJAna dvArA pratipAdita dhana vidyut (positive electricity) aura RNa-vidyut (negative electricity) Aveza ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki jaina darzana ke anusAra vidyut yA bijalI (lightening) kI utpatti meM snigdha-rUkSa guNa hI nimitta banate haiN| isake lie sUtra hai-"snigdharUkSaguNanimitto vidyut"| pratyeka pudgala-paramANu aura pudgala-skaMdha meM snigdha yA rUkSa sparza avazya hI hotA hai| ina sparza kI mAtrA jise 'guNa' (Unit) kahA jAtA hai ke AdhAra para yaha nirdhArita hotA hai ki do pudgaloM kA saMghAta ho sakatA hai yA nhiiN| inakI nyUnatama mAtrA eka guNa hotI hai, jisase kama mAtrA nahIM hotii| yaha eka prakAra se 'kvAMTama' yAnI eka 'pUrNa rAzi' yA' pekeTa' hai jo apUrNAMka yA bhinna (fraction) dvArA abhivyakta nahIM ho sktaa| isakA tAtparya huA ki koI paramANu eka guNa snigdha yA eka guNa rUkSa ho sakatA hai, para AdhA ( ) yA pAva (1) nhiiN| isI taraha do, tIna 'guNa' vAlA ho sakatA hai para 1-1/2, 2-1/2 Adi nhiiN| Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra 'kvAMTama siddhAMta' dvArA bhI yahI pratipAdita huA hai| UrjA kA eka nyUnatama aMza 'kvAMTama' kahalAtA hai| vijJAna ke anusAra 1h.2h Adi ke rUpa meM yaha UrjA ho sakatI hai, jahAM h ko Planck'sConstant kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra pudgaloM ke saMyoga ke niyama isa prakAra haiM1. eka guNa snigdha yA rUkSa paramANu kA saMyoga nahIM hotaa| 2. virodhI sparza vAle paramANu/skaMdha jinameM do yA do guNa se adhika snigdhatva yA rUkSatva hotA hai saMyukta ho sakate haiN| udAharaNArtha-2 guNa snigdha+2 guNa rUkSa pudgala mila sakate haiN| 3. samAna sparza vAle paramANu/skaMdha jinameM do guNa yA do guNa se adhika snigdhatva (yA rUkSatva) ho tathA inake guNoM meM do kA antara ho, to ye paramANu/ skaMdha paraspara saMyukta ho sakate haiN| 1. 'h' kA mUlya hai-6.625174104 jUla-saikiNDa

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala 317 udAharaNArtha-2 guNa snigdha+4guNa snigdha pudgala mila sakate haiN| para 2 guNa snigdha+3 guNa snigdha pudgala nahIM mila skte| ina niyamoM ke AdhAra para skaMdhoM kA nirmANa kaise hogA, yaha nimna koSThaka se spaSTa hotA hai " 1+1 1+2 1+3 1+4 yA 4 se adhika x+x (x-1 se adhika) '.x+(x+1) x+(x+2) x+(x+3) yA adhika 7. pudgala saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ananta hai; kSetra kI dRSTi se sampUrNa lokAkAza meM pudgala vyApta hai pudgala ke donoM rUpa-paramANu aura skaMdha saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ananta haiN| svatantra paramANuoM kI saMkhyA sadA ananta rahatI hai| unameM se ananta paramANu prati samaya skaMdhoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hote rahate haiM tathA skaMdhoM se nikalakara ananta paramANu svataMtra rUpa dhAraNa karate rahate haiN| galana-milana svabhAva vAle pudgala-jagat meM yaha prakriyA niraMtara calatI rahatI hai, phira bhI paramANuoM kI saMkhyA ananta hI banI rahatI hai; svataMtra paramANu kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi yA hAni bhI ho sakatI hai, para sabhI pudgala skandhoM ke sAtha rahe paramANuoM aura svataMtra paramANuoM kI kula saMkhyA acala (constant) banI rahatI hai| skaMdhoM meM bhI dvi-pradezI skaMdha (yAnI do paramANuoM se nirmita) se lekara ananta-pradezI skaMdha (yAnI ananta paramANuoM se nirmita) taka sabhI prakAra ke skaMdhoM meM pratyeka prakAra ke skaMdhoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai tathA kula pudgala-skaMdhoM kI saMkhyA bhI ananta hai; para ye saMkhyAeM acala nahIM haiN| inameM hAni yA vRddhi ke bAvajUda bhI pratyeka prakAra ke skaMdhoM kI saMkhyA ananta se kama nahIM hotii|| guNoM (mAtrA) kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para bhI paramANu aura skaMdhoM ke ananta-ananta prakAra ho jAte haiN| jaise-eka guNa (unit) kAle paramANu ananta haiM yAvat ananta guNa kAle paramANu bhI ananta haiN| isI prakAra do guNa kAle, tIna guNa

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318 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kAle Adi paramANu bhI ananta-ananta haiN| isI prakAra eka guNa snigdha, do guNa snigdha Adi bhI samajhane caahie| jaise pUrva meM carcA ho cukI hai, kAlAMtara ke sAtha paramANu ke sparza Adi guNa (qualities) badala sakate haiM tathA inakI mAtrA (units) meM bhI nyUnAdhikatA hotI rahatI hai| jaise svataMtra paramANuoM meM guNa evaM guNoM kI mAtrA meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai, usI prakAra skaMdhoM meM guNa evaM guNoM kI mAtrA meM bhI hotA rahatA hai| ina sAre parivartanoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa pudgala-jagat meM paryAyoM kA akalpita parivartana calatA rahatA hai| isa nirantara calane vAle paudgalika pariNamanoM ke bAvajUda bhI pudgala kI dravyAtmaka zAzvatatA banI rahatI hai| ise hI jaina darzana meM "pariNAmI-nityatva-vAda'' kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| kula milAkara samagra pudgala-rAzi-paramANuoM kI samagra saMkhyA -sadA zAzvata banI rahatI hai| pUrA loka pudgala se bharA huA pudgala ananta haiM-paramANu aura skaMdha donoM ananta haiN| kSetra kI dRSTi se ye ananta pudgala sampUrNa loka-AkAza meM phaile hue haiN| eka paramANu AkAza ke eka pradeza kA avagAhana karatA hai; ananta paramANu bhI eka pradeza meM samAviSTa ho sakate haiM; skaMdha bhI eka pradeza se lekara asaMkhyAta pradezoM taka avagAhana kara sakate haiN| jisa AkAza-pradezoM para eka skaMdha hai, unhIM AkAza-pradezoM para anya ananta skaMdhoM kA samAveza bhI ho sakatA hai| utkRSTata: eka hI skandha pUre loka AkAza kA avagAhana bhI kara sakatA hai| pudgala ke pariNamana kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka loka meM ananta pudgaloM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| dUsarI dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki sampUrNa loka meM kahIM para bhI khAlI sthAna nahIM hai arthAt jahAM padgala kA astitva na ho, aisA eka AkAza-pradeza bhI kahIM nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra pUrNa AkAza meM kahIM para bhI zUnyAvakAza (Vacuum) nahIM hai| 8. pudgala jIva ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura usase prabhAvita bhI hotA hai| donoM meM anta:kriyA sambhava hai| pudgala dravya meM grahaNa nAma kA eka guNa hotA hai| pudgala ke sivAya anya dravyoM meM kisI dUsare dravya ke sAtha milane kI zakti nahIM hai| eka pudgala anya pudgala ke sAtha milane kI kSamatA to rakhatA hI hai, para isake atirikta jIva ke dvArA bhI usakA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| pudgala svayaM jAkara jIva se nahIM cipaTatA, kintu vaha jIva kI kriyA se AkRSTa hokara usake sAtha saMlagna ho jAtA hai| jIva-sambaddha yA jIva ke sAtha baddha pudgala kA jIva para bahuvidha asara hotA hai| jIva para pudgala kA prabhAva aura pudgala para jIva kA prabhAva-yaha anyonya prabhAva yA anta:kriyA (interaction) hI

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319 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM pudgala samasta jIva-saMsAra ke kriyAkalApoM kA mUla AdhAra hai| jIva dvArA hone vAle pudgaloM kA grahaNa tIna prakAra se sambhava hai 1. karma-ati sUkSma pudgaloM kA pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke sAtha satata sambandha evaM pratikriyAeM hotI rahatI haiN| ina pudgaloM ko hI 'karma' (yA karma-pudgala) kahA jAtA hai| jIva ke sAtha bandhane ke pazcAt karma-pudgaloM kA pariNamana satata calatA rahatA hai aura jIva ko prabhAvati karatA rahatA hai| 2. zarIra-sthUla pudgaloM ke grahaNa aura pariNamana ke dvArA sthUla zarIra aura sUkSma pudgaloM ke grahaNa aura pariNamana se sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa jIva karatA hai| audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka aura taijasa zarIra kA nirmANa isa prakriyA se hotA hai| 3. upagraha-zvAsocchvAsa, AhAra, bhASA aura mana ke rUpa meM jIvana kI samasta pravRttiyoM meM pudgaloM kA grahaNa aura pariNamana anivArya hai| isa prakAra jagat jIva aura pudagaloM ke vibhinna saMyogoM kA pariNAma hai| dRzya jagat meM vidyamAna sAre sajIva nirjIva padArtha yA to jIvat-zarIra (sacetana) hai yA jIva-mukta (acetana) zarIra hai| yadyapi grahaNa-guNa ke kAraNa jIva dvArA pudgaloM kA grahaNa sambhava hai, phira bhI jIva sabhI pradgaloM ko grahaNa karane meM samakSa nahIM hai| eka svataMtra paramANu se lekara asaMkhyAta-pradezI skaMdha taka ke pudgala jIva dvArA grahaNa nahIM kie jA sakate / kevala ananta-ananta pradezI skaMdhoM ko hI jIva grahaNa kara sakatA hai| ___pudgala kevala sAMsArika jIvoM ke sAtha bandha sakatA hai, mukta jIvoM para usakA koI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra mukta jIva pudgala ke prabhAva se sarvathA mukta hote haiM tathA paramANu asaMkhyAta-pradezI skaMdha jIva ke prabhAva se mukta rahate haiN| pudgala kA vargIkaraNa bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para pudgala kA vargIkaraNa vibhinna rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai| sabhI pudgala 'pudgala' haiM, isa dRSTi se pudgala kA eka hI prakAra hai| yaha dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se hai| paramANu aura skaMdha-ye do prakAra ke pudgala ho sakate haiN| vargaNAoM ke AdhAra para pudgala ke ATha prakAra kie jA sakate haiM-1. audArika, 2. vaikriya, 3. Ajharaka, 4. taijasa, 5. kArmaNa, 6. zvAsocchvAsa, 7. bhASA 1. karma-siddhAMta ke vistRta vivecana ke lie draSTavya hai-jaina darzana aura saMskRti, pR0 129-151 /

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320 jaina darzana aura vijJAna 8. mn| ina ATha vargaNAoM ke viSaya meM hama vistRta carcA kara cuke haiN| Adhunika vijJAna bhautika vAstavikatA ko mukhyata: do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karatA hai-1. padArtha, 2. UrjA / inakA bhI pArasparika rUpAtaMraNa aba saMbhava ho gayA hai, jisakI carcA hama kara cuke haiN| avasthA ke AdhAra para padArtha tIna prakAra ke mAne jAte haiM-1. Thosa, 2. tarala, 3. vaayu| tApamAna ke AdhAra para avasthAoM kA rUpAMtaraNa saMbhava hai| ___ Adhunika vijJAna meM mUla tattvoM (elements) ke AdhAra para vizva ke sabhI bhautika padArthoM ko 303 prakAroM meM bAMTA jAtA hai| para jaise hama carcA kara cuke haiM parivartana ke dvArA tattvoM meM bhI rUpAMtaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina darzana kA vargIkaraNa adhika maulika pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki kRtrima sAdhanoM dvArA eka kA dUsare meM rUpAMtaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| paramANuoM kA skandha meM yA skandha kA paramANuoM meM athavA ATha vargaNAoM kA pArasparika rUpAMtaraNa kevala vainasika rUpa se hI ho sakatA hai; kRtrima (prAyogika) sAdhanoM dvArA nhiiN| abhyAsa 1. pudgala zabda kI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para usake svarUpa ko batAte hue pudgala ke mukhya guNoM ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kreN| 2. jaina darzana ne zabda, prakAza Adi vizeSa paryAyoM kI jo vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai usa para vistAra se prakAza DAlate hue usakI vaijJAnikatA kI mImAMsA kreN| 3. pudgala ke sAmAnya svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie mukhya AdhAra-biMdu kauna-kauna-se haiM? inameM se kinhIM do ko vistAra se smjhaaie|' 1. jaina darzana aura saMskRti, pR0 47-49 /

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9. jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu (1) jaina paramANuvAda jaina darzana meM pratipAdita paramANuvAda prAcInatA aura maulikatA donoM dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina paramANuvAda kA sambandha bhagavAna pArzva (I0 pU0 850) se mAnA jAya to isase adhika prAcIna paramANuvAda kA koI rUpa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra (I0pU0 599) se mAnA jAya to bhI vaizeSika darzana ke praNetA kaNAda aura grIka dArzanika DemokriTsa se jaina paramANuvAda prAcInatara siddha hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, jisa vistAra ke sAtha paramANu ke svarUpa, guNadharma Adi para jaina darzana meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai, utanA kaNAdIya yA DemokriTsa ke paramANuvAda meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kucha viSaya to aise haiM jahAM taka Adhunika vijJAna bhI abhI nahIM pahuMca sakA hai| hama yahAM jaina paramANuvAda ke mukhya siddhAMtoM kI carcA kareMge tathA yathAsaMbhava Adhunika vijJAna ke siddhAMtoM ke Aloka meM unakI samIkSA bhI kreNge| cAra prakAra ke paramANu bhagavatI sUtra meM paramANu cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai 1. dravya paramANu-pudgala dravya kA avibhAjya aNsh| ise hama bhautika vizva kI prAthamika ikAI (Primary unit of the physical world) ke rUpa meM kaha sakate haiN| hamAre prastuta viSaya kA saMbaMdha isI dravya paramANu se hai| 2. kSetra paramANu--AkAza kA avibhAjya aMza yA prdesh| ise AkAza-dravya kI prAthamika ikAI (Primary unitof space or space-point) kahA jA sakatA 3. kAla paramANu-kAla kA avibhAjya aMza yA 'samaya' / yaha kAla kI prAthamika ikAI (Primary unitof time) hai| 4. bhAva paramANu-sparza Adi guNoM kI avibhAjya mAtrA yA kvAMTama (avibhAjya rAzi) yaha bhI paudgalika guNoM kI prAthamika ikAI hai| guNoM ke tAratamya kI anantatA ke kAraNa ye ananta hote haiN|

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322 paramANu kI paribhASA paramANu ko vibhinna prakAra se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| 1. paramANu samasta bhautika astitva kA mUla AdhAra hai-jise antima upAdAna (ultimate building block) kahA jA sakatA hai / jaina darzana aura vijJAna 2. achedya, abhedya, agrAhya aura nirvibhAgI pudgala - khaNDa ko paramANu kahate haiN| parama+aNu-paramANu kA tAtparya hai - vastu kA antima avibhAjya aMza / vaha do prakAra kA hai-nizcaya-paramANu ( absolute ultimate atom) aura vyavahAra paramANu (emirical atom) / vAstavika sUkSmatama paramANu nizcaya - paramANu hai; vyAvahArika paramANu ananta sUkSmatama paramANuoM kA samudaya hai / Adhunika vijJAna jise aNu (atom) kI saMjJA detA hai, vaha vibhAjya hai; ata: use kevala vyAvahArika paramANu kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / vyAvahArika paramANu sAdhAraNa dRSTi se agrAhya, achedya, abhedya Adi rUpa hai, ata: sAdhAraNa zakti yA bala (force) yA astra-zastra se vaha tor3A nahIM jA sktaa| usakI pariNati sUkSma hotI hai| jo naizcayika paramANu hai, vaha indriyAtIta jJAna kA hI viSaya bana sakatA hai, indriya jJAna kA nahIM / I 3. paramANu ko eka vizuddha jyAmitika bindu ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha anardha (jisakA koI madhya-bindu na ho) aura apradezI hai / usameM na lambAI hai, na caur3AI, na gaharAI - vaha avima (dimensionless ) hai / vaha antima aura zAzvata ikAI hai| 4. paramANu vaha hai jisakA kSetriya dRSTi se Adi, madhya, anta eka hai - yA jo anAdi, amadhya, ananta hai / usameM sparza Adi guNoM kI vidyamAnatA hone para bhI indriyAM use grahaNa nahIM kara sakatI / 5. paramANu vaha hai jisameM 5 varNoM meM se eka varNa hai; 2 gandhoM meM se eka gandha hai; 5 rasoM meM se eka rasa hai; 8 sparzo meM se kevala 2 sparza haiM- snigdha yA rUkSa, zIta yA uSNa / vaha zabda kA kAraNa hai, para svayaM zabda nahIM hai| jo skandhoM kA nirmANa karatA hai, para skandha nahIM hai / paramANu ke svarUpa ko isa prakAra samajhAyA gayA hai 1. paramANu samasta bhautika jagat kA mUla kAraNa hai / 2. vaha bhautika jagat kI antima pariNati hai / 1. kAraNameva tadantya, nityaH sUkSmazca bhavati paramANuH / ekarasagandhavarNoM, dvisparza: kAryaliMgazca / /

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323 jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 3. vaha sUkSma hai-indriyagrAhya nahIM hai| 4. vaha nitya hai-usakA astitva sadA banA rahatA hai; skandha meM milane para bhI paramANu kA astitva samApta nahIM hotaa| 5. usameM eka rasa, eka gandha, eka varNa hotA hai| 6. usameM do sparza hote haiN| vaha snigdha-zIta, snigdha-uSNa, rUkSa-zIta yA rUkSa-uSNa hotA hai| usameM gurutva, laghutva, kaThoratva, komalatva nahIM hotaa| 7. vaha kAryaliGga hai-paramANu ke astitva kA anumAna usake kArya yAnI sAmUhika kriyA se hotA hai| paramANu ke guNoM kA jJAna bhI sAmUhika guNoM se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka akele paramANu ko sIdhe nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| paramANu ke guNadharma paramANu pudgala hai; ata: pudgala ke mUla guNa-dharma paramANu meM bhI hote haiN| jaise 1. paramANu sat hai, dravya hai| 2. paramANu nitya, avasthita, zAzvata, avinAzI hai| 3. paramANu acetana hai| 4. paramANu meM varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza hote haiM; saMsthAna nahIM hotA; lambAI, caur3AI, gaharAI nahIM hotii| 5. paramANu pariNAmI hai; vaha svayaM agurulaghu-pariNAmI hai| pariNamana sparza Adi guNoM kI paryAya meM hotA hai| 6. paramANu kriyAvAn hai| jaba vaha gati karatA hai, taba vaha gati spandanAtmaka bhI ho sakatI hai, sthAnAMtaraNAtmaka bhI ho sakatI hai| paramANu agurulaghu yAnI saMhatizUnya hone se usakA vega (velocity) itanA tIvra hotA hai ki vaha eka samaya meM pUre loka kI dUrI pAra kara sakatA hai| 7. paramANu milana-svabhAva vAlA hai, para usakA bheda nahIM hotaa| milana-svabhAva ke kAraNa paramANu yA skandha ke sAtha mila sakatA hai, para abhedya hone ke kAraNa usakA vikhaNDana nahIM ho sktaa| 8. jIva dvArA akele paramANu kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA, isIlie vaha agrAhya hai|

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324 jaina darzana aura vijJAna paramANu kI vistRta vyAkhyA 1. nAmakaraNa-paramANu zabda parama+aNu se banA hai| aNu kA artha hai-kisI bhI padArtha kA choTA bhaag| parama kA artha hai antima / antima choTe-se-choTA hissA paramANu hai| 2. dravya kI dRSTi se-paramANu pudgalAstikAya dravya hai| usameM guNa aura paryAya donoM hote haiN| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se paramANu ananta hai| 3. kSetra kI dRSTi se-eka paramANu AkAza ke eka pradeza kA avagAhana karatA hai, eka se adhika pradezoM kA avagAhana nahIM kara sktaa| lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza para paramANu kA astitva hai| alokAkAza meM paramANu kA abhAva hai| ___4. kAla kI dRSTi se-pratyeka paramANu anAdi kAla se astitva meM thA aura anantakAla taka usakA astitva rhegaa| ata: paramANu kA astitva sadA banA rahatA 5. gaNa kI dRSTi se-eka paramANu meM kevala eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa aura do sparza hI hote haiN| isa AdhAra para 5 varNa, 2 gaMdha, 5 rasa meM se eka-eka varNa, gaMdha aura rasa, tathA cAra sparzoM meM se do-do sparza hone se mUlata: 5x2x544 - 2000 prakAra ke paramANu ho sakate haiN| parantu varNa Adi kI mAtrA yA guNa (unit) kI taratamatA ke kAraNa usake ananta prakAra ho jAte haiN| 6. rUpatva-paramANu varNa Adi guNa-yukta hai; isalie mUrta yA rUpI hai; para sUkSma hone ke kAraNa iMdriya-grAhya nahIM hai| 7. saMkhyA-loka meM jitane paramANu haiM, utane hI sadA rahate haiN| na eka nayA paramANu bana sakatA hai, aura na eka vidyamAna paramANu naSTa ho sakatA hai| 8. tattva mImAMsA kI dRSTi se-paramANu sat hai; utpAda, vyaya, dhauvya yukta hai| usakA vastu sApekSa (objective) astitva hai| vaha kevala kAlpanika yA jJAtA-sApekSa nahIM hai| . 9. bhUmiti kI dRSTi se-paramANu avima (dimensionless) hai, vaha arUpI nhiiN| vaha bhUmitika bindu hai| eka AkAza pradeza kA avagAhana karatA hai| 10. pariNamana kI dRSTi se-paramANu sat hai; isalie pariNamanazIla hai, usake sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa guNoM meM pariNamana hotA hai| akele paramANu ke sAre pariNamana vaisrasika hI hote haiM, prAyogika nhiiN| jaba taka paramANu svatantra dazA meM hotA

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 325 hai, pariNamana kevala sparza Adi guNoM kI mAtrA meM hotA hai, guNa kA prakArAntaraNa nahIM hotaa| jaise-kAlA varNa anya varNa meM nahIM badalatA, para eka guNa (unit) kAlA do guNa kAlA yAvat ananta guNa kAlA ho sakatA hai| skandha ke sAtha pratikriyA hone ke pazcAt usake guNoM kA prakArAMtaraNa bhI saMbhava ho jAtA hai| arthAt usakA varNa anya kisI varNa meM badala sakatA hai| 11. zAzvatatA kI dRSTi se-paramANu avinAzI hai, zAzvata hai| svatantra avasthA meM yA skandha meM yA skandha ke sAtha vaha sadA apane astitva ko banAe rakhatA hai| isIlie vizva (loka ) meM paramANu jitane haiM utane ke utane sadA bane rahate haiN| na nae paramANu kA janma hotA hai, na vidyamAna paramANu kA vinaash| 12. agurulaghutva-paramANu agurulaghu hai| gurutva yA laghutva sparza ke prakAra haiM, jo kevala sthUla pudgaloM meM hote haiN| vaijJAnika zabdAvalI meM kaheM to paramANu saMhati-zUnya (massless) hai| 13. pariNAmInitya-paramANu dravya kI dRSTi se nitya hai, paryAya kI dRSTi se pariNAmI hai| isalie use pariNAmInitya yA nityAnitya kahA gayA hai| 14. agrAhya-paramANu jIva dvArA agrAhya hai| sUkSma hone ke kAraNa jIva akele (svataMtra) paramANu ko grahaNa nahIM kara sktaa| jIva kevala ananta-pradezI skandha ko hI kAma meM le sakatA hai| 15. ekatva-anekatva-mUlabhUta dravya ke rUpa meM paramANu eka hai-akelA hai| vaha eka svatantra ikAI hai| vaha eka avibhAjya sattA hai; para vaha aneka guNa evaM paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hai, isalie anekatva kA AdhAra hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se vaha kevala eka pradezAvagAhI hai| 16. gati aura kriyA-paramANu meM svabhAvata: gatizIlatA aura sakriyatA kI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki sabhI paramANu sadA aura sarvatra sabhI sthitiyoM meM sakriya yA gatimAna bane rahate haiN| para unakA jhukAva isa ora rahatA hai| kisI bhI paramANu ke caMcala banane ke viSaya meM eka prakAra kI aniyatatA (uncertainty) hotI hai| ve kaba caMcala baneMge-isa viSaya meM pUrNa niyata kathana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| eka paramANu sImita samaya taka hI eka AkAza-pradeza para sthirAvasthA meM Tika sakatA hai| akriyatA kA yaha kAla 'asaMkhyAta samaya' se adhika nahIM hotaa| usake pazcAt vaha nizcita hI gati kregaa|

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326 jaina darzana aura vijJAna dUsarI ora sakriyatA yA caMcala avasthA meM bhI paramANu sImita samaya raha sakatA hai| eka avadhi ke bAda vaha paramANu nizcita hI sthiratA ko prApta hogaa| sakriyatA kI adhikatama kAlAvadhi AvalikA kA asaMkhyAtavAM hissA yA asaMkhyAtAMza hai| sakriyatA aura akriyatA kA nyUnatama kAlamAna eka samaya hai| isa prakAra paramANu kI sakriyatA satata na hokara khaNDita rUpa meM hotI hai| isa avadhAraNA kI tulanA Adhunika vijJAna ke kvAMTama siddhAMta ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| paramANu kvacit sthira, kvacit caMcala-isa prakAra bArI-bArI se hotA rahatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM paramANu kI gati ko isa prakAra varNita kiyA gayA hai-'paramANu kabhI ejana karatA hai, kabhI vejana karatA hai, kabhI calAyamAna hotA hai, kabhI spandana karatA hai, kabhI kSubdha hotA hai, kabhI gati meM prerita hotA hai, aadi|' isa zabdAvalI se spaSTa hotA hai ki paramANu vibhinna prakAra se gati karatA hai| yaha gati sarala kampana, sarala sthAnAMtaraNa, jaTila kampana, jaTila sthAnAMtaraNa, dolana, prasAraNa, grahaNa, ghUrNana, gharSaNa, phirakana (spin) yA taraMga-prasAra Adi rUpa meM ho sakatI hai| 'Adi' zabda kA prayoga yaha sUcanA karatA hai ki anya bhI aneka prakAra kI gati ke rUpa kI saMbhAvanA hai| paramANu kI gati ke niyama paramANu kI gati kucha sandarbho meM niyamoM se niyata hai, to kucha hada taka aniyatatA ke siddhAMta kA anusaraNa karatI hai| jaise 1. yadi bAhara kA prabhAva na ho, to paramANu kI gati sadA anuzreNI (arthAt sIdhI rekhA meM) hogii| 2. yadi bAhya prabhAva ho, to paramANu kI dizA aura vega meM antara A sakatA 3. jIva kA paramANu kI gati para koI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| 4. paramANu kA nyUnatama vega AkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare para eka samaya meM hogA aura adhikatama vega loka ke eka anta se dUsare anta taka eka samaya meM hogaa| 5. akriya avasthA kA adhikatama kAla 'asaMkhyAta samaya' hogA tathA sakriya avasthA kA adhikatama kAla 'AvalikA ke asaMkhyAtaveM aMza' jitanA hogaa| dUsarI ora paramANu kI aniyatatA se sambaddha kucha niyama haiM 1. sthita paramANu kaba calAyamAna hogA, yaha aniyata hai| isakA tAtparya huA ki paramANu dvArA kitane kAla ke pazcAt UrjA kA prasAraNa hogA yaha niyata nahIM hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 327 yaha kAla eka samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya taka ho sakatA hai| asaMkhyAta samaya ke pazcAt to vaha nizcita hI sakriya hogA hii| 2. sakriya paramANa kitane kAla taka sakriya rahegA yaha aniyata hai| yaha kAla eka samaya se lekara 'AvalikA ke asaMkhyAtaveM aMza' jitanA ho sakatA hai| para isa adhikatama kAlAvadhi ke pazcAt to vaha nizcita hI sthira hogA hii| 3. paramANu apanI gati kisa dizA meM prAraMbha karegA, yaha aniyata hai| vaha kisI bhI dizA meM gati kara sakatA hai| 4. akriya (sthira) dazA vAlA paramANu kisa prakAra kI kriyA prArambha karegA, yaha aniyata hai| vaha kevala ejana (kampana) kara sakatA hai yA ghUrNana (rotation) yA sthAnAMtaraNa yA yugapat ekAdhika kriyAeM bhI kara sakatA hai| 5. sakriya hone para, usakI gati kA vega kitanA hogA, yaha bhI aniyata hai| vaha nyUnatama, madhyama yA adhikatama vega se gati karegA-yaha aniyata hai| paramANu kI pratighAtI aura apratighAtI gati 1. paramANu kI gati sAmAnyata: apratighAtI hotI hai arthAt vizeSa apavAdoM ko chor3akara paramANu kI gati kA avarodha na anya pudgala dvArA ho sakatA hai aura na jIva dvaaraa| mArga meM Ane vAle kisI bhI padArtha ke bhItara se vaha Ara-pAra nikala sakatA hai| 2. jisa AkAza-pradeza para anya padgala hai, vahAM para paramANu kI avasthiti apratighAtI rUpa se ho sakatI hai| arthAt paramANu vahAM apane svataMtra astitva ko banAe rakha sakatA hai| 3. paramANu ko apanI gati ko prArambha karane meM yA cAlU rakhane meM usa AkAza-pradeza para sthita anya pudgaloM dvArA koI pratighAta nahIM hotaa| jina apavAdoM ke kAraNa pratighAta ho sakatA hai, ve haiM 1. upakArAbhAva pratighAta-loka kI sImA se pare gati-sthita mAdhyama ke abhAva se paramANu kI gati pratihata hotI hai| 2. bandhana-pariNAma-pratighAta-jaba paramANu kisI pudgala skaMdha ke sAtha baMdhA huA hai, taba usakI gati svatantra rUpa se nahIM hotii| 3. ati-vega-pratighAta-ati tIvra vega vAle do paramANuoM ke saMghaTTana yA Takkara hone para donoM kI gati meM pratipAta paidA ho jAtA hai|

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328 jaina darzana aura vijJAna paramANu kA tIvratama vega paramANu eka 'samaya' meM pUre loka kI UMcAI ko pAra kara sakatA hai| isakA tAtparya huA ki usakA utkRSTatama vega hai-14 rjju/smy| eka rajju kA mAna asaMkhyAta yojana hai| 'asaMkhyAta' kA mAna jaina darzana meM pradatta gaNitIya AdhAroM para nikAlane se isa prakAra prApta haiasaMkhyAta x se kama nahIM hai jahAM 0 10134 bAra X=Y hai tathA jahAM Y kA mUlya mAnA gayA hai| __ Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra vizva meM utkRSTatam vega prakAza kA hai jo 3 lAkha kilomiTara/saikiNDa hai| AiMsTIna ke ApekSikatA ke siddhAMta ke anusAra isase 1. isakI pUrNa gaNitIya gaNanA ke lie muni mahendra kumAra dvArA likhita vizva-prahelikA, . pR. 255-270 draSTavya hai|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 329 adhika vega kisI bhI padArtha kA honA saMbhava nahIM hai / para yadi saMhati (Mass) ko zUnya mAnA jAya to prakAza se adhika vega kI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai / AinsaTIna ke pazcAt Adhunika vijJAna meM aise sUkSma kaNoM kI saMbhAvanA kI gaI hai jinakA vega prakAza se adhika ho / ' ' saMhati - zUnya' (Massless) kaNoM kI avadhAraNA vizuddha gaNitIya kSetra se sambaddha hai| jaina darzana ke paramANu ko bhI saMhati - zUnya mAnanA hogA tathA isa AdhAra para usake uparyukta utkRSTatama vega kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| (2) Adhunika vijJAna meM paramANu- siddhAMta vikAsa sa- vRtta padArtha kA mUlabhUta kaNa kyA hai? san 1803 meM DAlTana ne ghoSaNA kI ki yaha mUlabhUta kaNa eTama (paramANu) hai; kyoMki isakA rAsAyanika kriyAoM dvArA aura adhika vibhAjana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA tathA yaha rAsAyanika tattvoM kA sUkSmatama bhAga hai / ilekTraoNna kI khoja se pahale taka paramANu (eTama) ko hI padArtha kA mUlabhUta kaNa mAnA jAtA thA / san 1897 meM je. je. thaoNmasana ne prayogoM dvArA siddha kara dikhAyA ki eTama hI padArtha kA mUlabhUta kaNa nahIM hai apitu vaha do prakAra ke kaNoM dvArA banA huA hai, jina para viparita lekina samAna mAtrA meM Aveza hote haiN| jina kaNoM para RNAtmaka Aveza hotA hai, ve 'ilekTraoNna' kahalAte haiM tathA jina para dhanAtmaka Aveza hotA hai ve 'proTaoNna' kahalAte haiN| ilekTraoNna para nyUnatama saMbhava RNAtmaka Aveza hotA hai jo ki ( - 4.8 x 10 -10 ) I0 esa. yU. (ilekTro- sTeTika yUniTa) ke barAbara hai / ilekTraoNna kA dravyamAna 9.1 x 10.28 - 10 grAma hotA hai / isI prakAra proTaoNna para nyUnatama saMbhava dhanAtmaka Aveza hotA hai tathA vaha (+4.8 x 10 - 10 ) I0 esa0yU0 ke barAbara hai / proTaoNna kA dravyamAna ilekTraoNna ke dravyamAna se lagabhaga 1837 gunA hotA hai / phira yaha khoja huI ki eTama meM na kevala Avezita kaNa (ilekTraoNna tathA proTaoNna) hI hote haiM, balki Aveza-rahita kaNa bhI hote haiN| ina kaNoM kA nAma 'nyUTaoNna rakhA gyaa| nyUTraoNna kA dravyamAna proTaoNna ke dravyamAna ke barAbara hotA hai / eTama kI AkRti ko prastuta karane ke lie samaya-samaya para vibhinna vaijJAnikoM ne alaga-alaga maoNDala taiyAra kie / san 1904 meM je. je. thaoNmasana ne eTama kI AkRti tarabU ke anurUpa batalAyI / usake anusAra jisa taraha tarabUja meM bIja 1. 'Tekyona' (Tachyon) nAmaka kaNoM kA astitva Adhunika vijJAna meM carcA kA viSaya banA hai, jinakI gati prakAza se bhI adhika hai| 1

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330 jaina darzana aura vijJAna hote haiM usI prakAra eTama meM ilekTraoNna bikhare rahate haiM tathA proTaoNna tarabUja ke gudde kI taraha hote haiM; lekina radaraphorDa ne thaoNmasana ke isa maoNDala ko galata sAbita kara diyA tathA usane san 1991 meM eka nayA maoNDala prastuta kiyaa| apane prayogoM ke AdhAra para usane yaha siddha kiyA ki eTama kA pUrA dhanAtmaka Aveza eTama ke nAbhika (kendra) meM sthita hotA hai tathA RNAtmaka Aveza usa nAbhika ke cAroM ora samAna rUpa se vitarita hotA hai| eTama ke nAbhika meM nyUTraoNna bhI sthita rahate haiN| kucha samaya pazcAt bora (Bohr) nAmaka vaijJAnika ne radaraphorDa ke maoNDala meM saMzodhana kiyA ki ilekTraoNna nAbhika ke cAroM ora samAna rUpa se vyavasthita nahIM hote, balki ve apanI nizcita kakSAoM meM kendra ke cAroM ora paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| vibhinna kakSAoM meM ilekTraoNna kI eka nizcita gatija UrjA hotI hai| yadi tAMbe ke paramANuoM ko eka-ke bAda-eka eka sIdhI paMkti meM rakha diyA jAe to eka iMca ke lie dasa karor3a paramANuoM kI AvazyakatA pdd'egii| _ vaijJAnikoM ne hisAba lagAyA hai ki eka pina ke mAthe para dasa karor3a se bhI adhika paramANu phaile hote haiN| alphA, bITA tathA gAmA kA kSaya (reDiyodharmitA) bhArI eTama ke nAbhika asthAyI hote haiN| aisA pAyA gayA hai ki ina nAbhikoM meM-se nirantara kucha-na-kucha taba taka kSaya hotA rahatA hai, jaba taka ki ye eka sthira/sthAyI nAbhika ko prApta nahIM kara lete| isa kSayIkaraNa ko raDiyodharmitA' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isa kriyA ke daurAna nAbhika meM-se alphA, bITA tathA gAmA kA utsarjana hotA rahatA hai| alphA kaNa do proTaoNna ke barAbara hote haiN| bITA kaNa ilekTraoNna ke barAbara hote haiM tathA gAmA kiraNeM (UrjA) ke rUpa meM utsarjita hote haiN| ye kiraNeM prakRti se vidyut-cumbakIya hotI hai| gAmA kiraNoM meM koI dravyamAna nahIM hotA, lekina kucha nizcita UrjA unameM avazya hotI hai| isa kSayIkaraNa kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie kaI siddhAMta die gaye / vaijJAnika gAmA ne alphA-kSaya kA siddhAMta prastuta kiyaa| unake anusAra, alphA kaNa bhArI eTama ke nAbhika meM pahale se hI sthita rahate haiN| dUsarI ora, pharamI nAmaka vaijJAnika ne bITA kaNoM ke kSaya kA kAraNa batAne ke lie apanA siddhAMta pratipAdita kiyA, jisake anusAra bITA kaNa nAbhika meM pahale se nahIM rahate balki unakI utpatti utsarjana kI kriyA ke samaya hI hotI hai| jaba nAbhika ke andara nyUTraoNna proTraoNna meM athavA proTraoNna nyUTraoNna meM parivartita hote haiM, taba kramaza: RNAtmaka bITA kaNa (ilekTraoNna) tathA dhanAtmaka bITA kaNa (pojITraoNna) utpanna hote haiN|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 331 san 1827 meM paulI (Pauli) nAmaka vaijJAnika ne bITA kaNoM ke utsarjana ke sambandha meM apanI parikalpanA prastuta kii| usane kahA ki bITA kaNoM ke sAtha-sAtha anya kaNoM kA bhI utsarjana hotA hai, jinheM 'nyUTrInoM' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jaba proTraoNna nyUTraoNna meM parivartita hotA hai, taba dhanAtmaka bITA kaNoM ke sAtha nyUTrIno utpanna hotA hai aura jaba nyUTraoNna proTona meM parivartita hotA hai, taba prati - nyUTrInoM utpanna hotA hai / nyUTrInoM itane sUkSma parimANa ke hote haiM ki ve dUsare kaNoM se prabhAvita nahIM hote haiM / ve vidyut Aveza - rahita tathA saMhati - rahita ( massless ) hote haiM; lekina unameM eka nizcita UrjA hotI hai / kvANTama siddhAnta (Quantum Theory ) bhArI nAbhikoM se nikalane vAlI gAmA kiraNeM adhika UrjA sampanna vidyut cumbakIya taraMgeM hotI haiM / pAyA gayA hai ki sabhI vidyut cumbakIya taraMgoM kI UrjA kA vitaraNa niyamita nahIM hotA hai, balki aniyamita hotA hai| isakI vyAkhyA maiksa plaiMka nAmaka vaijJAnika ne kvANTama siddhAMta kI sahAyatA se kii| isake anusAra eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka vidyut cumbakIya taraMgoM kI UrjA kA sthAnAMtaraNa kvANTama ke rUpa meM hotA hai / kvANTama UrjA kI choTI-se-choTI ikAI hai| phoTaoNna vidyut cumbakIya UrjA ke kvANTama kA saMvAhaka (vAhana ke samAna) hai| phoTaoNna kA eka nizcit saMvega hotA hai; lekina usameM na to saMhati hotI hai aura na hI vidyut Aveza / phoTaoNna kI UrjA E=hv se pradarzita kI jAtI hai jahAM h plaiMka kA niyatAMka hai| V vidyut cumbakIya taraMgoM kI AvRtti (phrikveMsI) hai| I phoTaoNna kI taraha hI 'phonona' yAMtrikIya taraMgoM kI UrjA kA vAhaka hai / isa prakAra UrjA padArtha kA hI dUsarA rUpa hai| vaise bhI AinsTIna ke UrjA - dravyamAna sambandha ke siddhAMta se UrjA tathA dravyamAna eka hI vastu / padArtha ke do pahalU haiM / prArambhika kaNa (Elementary Particles ) aba hama eTama se sambandhita sabhI prArambhika (maulika) kaNoM kI sUcI banA sakate haiN| ina kaNoM ko hama isa prakAra se vargIkRta kara sakate haiM: - 1. ilekTraoNna, proTaoNna, nyUTraoNna / 2. nyUTrIno, bITA kaNa tathA pojITraoNna / 1. dekheM, pR0 318 /

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332 jaina darzana aura vijJAna 3. phoTona, phonoNn| 4. pratikaNa (enttii-paarttikls)| inake atirikta bahuta se anya kaNa bhI eTama se saMbaMdhita haiM, jaise-maisaoNna, gluona, bairioNna tathA anya sTreMja knn| eTama se sambandhita isa prakAra ke kaNoM kI saMkhyA sau se bhI adhika hai| prArambhika kaNa padArtha tathA vikaraNoM ke saralatama kaNa haiN| inameM se bahuta se kaNoM kA jIvana-kAla bahuta hI alpa hai tathA sAmAnyatayA ye astitvahIna haiN| pahale usa sabhI kaNoM ko prArambhika kaNa kahA jAtA thA, jinakA puna: vibhAjana na ho sake; lekina Ajakala ilekTraoNna, proTaoNna, nyUTraoNna, maisaoNna, myUona, bairIoNna, sTaiMja kaNa tathA pratikaNoM ke lie tathA phoTaoNna ke lie isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai; lekina alphA kaNoM tathA DyUTrona ke lie isakA prayoga nahIM karate haiN| kvArka : padArtha kA mUlabhUta kaNa samajhA jAtA thA ki vibhinna prArambhika kaNoM kI khoja se vaijJAnika kI padArtha ke mUlabhUta (antima) kaNoM kI khoja-jijJAsA samApta ho jAegI; lekina aisA nahIM huaa| Aja bhI bahuta se vaijJAnika mUlabhUta kaNoM kI khoja meM lage hue haiN| pAyA gayA hai ki nyUTraoNna eka sthira kaNa nahIM hai tathA isakA arddha jIvana-kAla lagabhaga 12.8 miniTa hI hai| nyUTraoNna eka proTaoNna, eka ilekTraoNna tathA nyUTrInoM meM TUTa jAtA hai| proTraoNna bhI eka asthira kaNa hai tathA isakA arddha jIvana-kAla lagabhaga 10-25 varSa hai; antata: nyUTraoNna tathA proTraoNna ko hama eTama ke mUlabhUta kaNa nahIM mAna sakate haiN| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki 'kvArka' padArtha kA mUlabhUta (antima) kaNa hai tathA isakA aura vibhAjana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| saiddhAMtika rUpa se yaha siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki proTaoNna tIna kvArkoM se milakara banA huA hai| vaijJAnika abhI prAyogika taura para isake astitva ko siddha karane meM lage hue haiN| mUlabhUta kaNa kA vega bahata se vaijJAnikoM ne yaha siddha kiyA hai ki prakAza kA vega 3 x 1010 seM. mI. prati sekaMDa hotA hai| mAikalsana tathA morle ne siddha kiyA ki prakAza kA vega kisI bhI sthiti meM isase adhika nahIM ho sakatA hai| prakAza kA vega niyata hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki kyA kisI vastu kA vega prakAza ke vega se adhika ho sakatA hai? AiMsTIna ne isa prazna kA uttara 'sApekSatAvAda ke siddhAMta' ko pratipAdita karake diyaa| unhoMne kahA ki kisI bhI vastu kA vega prakAza se adhika nahIM ho sktaa| bahata samaya taka

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 333 yahI mAnA jAtA rahA; lekina rUsa ke vaijJAnika kairenova ne sAbita kiyA ki kucha viziSTa mAdhyama meM svayaM prakAza kA vega bhI 3 x 1010 se. mI./sekaMDa se adhika ho sakatA hai; lekina nirvAta meM prakAza kA vega itanA hI hogaa| AkarSaNa ke bala AkarSaNa ke bala tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : kUlamba bala, vidyut-cumbakIya bala tathA nAbhikIya (nyUklIya) bl| sabhI prArambhika kaNoM ko eka sAtha eka hI nAbhika meM rakhane ke lie jimmedAra nAbhikIya bala hai| nAbhika tathA ilekTraoNna ko eka sAtha eka eTama meM rakhane ke lie jimmedAra vidyut-cumbakIya bala hai| kUlamba bala eTama ke lie kArya nahIM krte| (3) jaina darzana aura vijJAna kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mUlabhUta kaNa aura paramANu : mUlabhUta (antima) kaNa kI parikalpanA paramANu kI parikalpanA se milatIjulatI hai ki yaha eka avibhAjya ikAI hai| (1) aba taka lagabhaga sau se Upara prArambhika kaNoM ko khojA jA cukA hai| inameM se kucha kaNa mUlabhUta (antima yA alTImeTa) kaNa nahIM haiM, jaise-nyUTraoNna tathA proTaoNna; kyoMki ye anya choTe kaNoM meM puna: vibhakta ho jAte haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra, paramANuoM ke do sau bheda hote haiM tathA ina saba paramANuoM ke alaga-alaga viziSTa guNa hote haiN| yahAM yaha spaSTa hai ki abhI ina paramANuoM ko pAne ke lie aura adhika khoja kI AvazyakatA hai| (2) 'paramANu' padArtha (pudgala) kA eka dravyamAna-rahita (saMhati-rahita) kaNa hai| yahAM eka sAmAnya prazna yaha uTha sakatA hai ki jaba paramANu meM dravyamAna hI nahIM hotA taba vaha padArtha kaise ho sakatA hai? koI bhI bhautika piNDa vibhinna paramANuoM se milakara banA hotA hai; lekina jaba paramANu kA koI dravyamAna nahIM hotA taba usa bhautika piNDa meM dravyamAna kahAM se A jAtA hai? isa kathana kI vyAkhyA vaijJAnika siddhAMtoM ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai| nyUTrIno' eka mUlabhUta kaNa hai tathA yaha bITA kaNoM ke kSaya ke samaya utpanna hotA hai| yaha dravyamAna-rahita hotA hai tathA anya kaNoM ke sAtha isakA pArasparika saMbandha nahIM hotA; lekina isakI eka nizcita UrjA hI hotI hai| isI prakAra bahuta se anya kaNoM ke sAtha bhI hotA hai| __ hama paramANu ke bAre meM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki vaha dravyamAna-rahita hai; kyoMki paramANu hamezA gatizIla rahatA hai, ata: usakI kucha nizcita UrjA avazya hotI hai|

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334 jaina darzana aura vijJAna vaise bhI AinsTIna ke anusAra UrjA tathA dravyamAna padArtha ke hI guNa haiN| UrjA ko dravyamAna meM tathA dravyamAna ko UrjA meM parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai; ataH paramANu ke bAre meM yaha kahanA ki vaha dravya-mAna- rahita hai, sahI hai| (3) jaisA ki hamane pahale kahA, paramANuoM ke do sau bheda hote hai; lekina paramANu ke guNa sparza, rasa, gaMdha tathA varNa kI tIvratA ke AdhAra para paramANuoM ke ananta bheda ho sakate haiN| nyUTrIno kI dhAraNA bhI kucha aisI hI hai / vibhinna nyUTrIno kI alaga-alaga UrjAeM hotI haiM, inakI yaha UrjA isa bAta para nirbhara karatI hai ki usa samaya hue vikiraNa meM bITA kaNoM kI UrjA kitanI hai? isI prakAra anya kaNoM ke sAtha bhI hotA hai / ( 4 ) vibhinna nAbhikIya kaNoM ko eka hI nAbhika meM rakhane ke lie nAbhikIya bala jimmedAra hai tathA nAbhika aura ilekTraoNnoM ko eka hI eTama meM rakhe rakhane ke lie jimmedAra vidyut cumbakIya bala hai| jabaki paramANuoM ke snigdha tathA rUkSa guNa inheM eka hI piNDa ( skandha) meM banAye rakhane ke lie jimmedAra haiM / ye donoM dRSTikoNa samAna pratIta hote haiM 1 (5) kisI bhI piNDa kA vega cAhe vaha bar3A ho yA choTA, prakAza ke vega se adhika nahIM ho sakatA arthAt 3 x 100 se0 mI0 / sekaMDa se adhika nahIM ho sktaa| vijJAna kA yaha eka AdhArabhUta siddhAMta hai / paramANu kA vega prakAza ke vega se adhikatama taka ho sakatA hai| yahAM hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki abhI vaijJAnikoM ke pAsa aise upakaraNa kA abhAva hai jo itane adhika vega ko nApa sake / itanA avazya hai ki prakAza kA vega 3 X 10deg seM0 mI0 / sekaMDa se adhika ho sakatA hai, jaisAki vaijJAnika kairenova ne siddha kiyA hai| (6) prakAza bahuta sAre phoTaoNnoM se mila kara banA hotA hai / aba prazna yaha hai ki kyA phoTaoNna ko mUlabhUta (antima) kaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai? jainadarzana ke anusAra prakAza bahuta sAre paramANuoM kA samudAya hai / prakAza skandha ke antargata AtA hai; ata: prakAzakaNoM ( phoTaoNnoM) ko paramANu nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / dravyAkSaratvavAda pudgala utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya yukta hai / apanI jAti kA tyAga kiye binA navIna paryAya kI prApti utpAda hai, pUrva - paryAya kA tyAga vyaya hai, dravya ke mUla tattvoM kA jyoM-va -kA-tyoM rahanA dhauvya hai| barpha gala kara pAnI banatA hai / isa prakriyA meM barpha-rUpI paryAya kA vyaya hotA hai, jala-rUpI paryAya kA utpAda hotA hai; kintu donoM avasthAoM meM pudgala dravya avinaSTa banA rahatA hai| isa kriyA meM do hAiDrojana aNuoM (hAiDrojana eTama) aura eka oNksIjana aNu se bane pAnI ke aNuguccha ( maoNlIkyUla) nahIM bdlte| pAnI ke bhApa banane kI kriyA meM bhI usake aNuguccha yathApUrva rahate haiM /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 335 ukta paribhASA se do mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa prApta hote haiM, jo Adhunika vijJAna-sammata haiM : eka, pudgala (evaM anya dravyoM) kI nityatA (dhauvya) kA siddhAnta vijJAna kA padArtha kI anAzyakatA kA niyama (laoN oNpha inaDisTrakTibiliTI oNpha maiTara) hai| isa niyama ko prasiddha vaijJAnika laivhAijiyara ne 18 vIM zatI meM ina zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA thA : 'kucha bhI nirmeya nahIM hai aura pratyeka kriyA ke anta meM padArtha kI utanI hI mAtrA rahatI hai, jitanI usa kriyA ke AraMbha meM rahatI hai| padArthoM kA kevala rUpAntara (maoNDIphikezana) ho jAtA hai|' Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra padArtha (maiTara) aura UrjA (enarjI) eka hI dravya ke do rUpa haiM; phalata: Ajakala padArtha kI anAzyakatA ke niyama ke badale padArtha aura UrjA ke sthiraNa (kanjarvezana oNpha maiTara eNDa enarjI) kA niyama lAgU hotA hai| dUsarA niSkarSa yaha hai ki pudgala (padArtha evaM UrjA) tathA anya dravyoM ko na to zUnya meM vilupta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na zUnya se banAyA jA sakatA hai| Adhunika vijJAna kI bhI vizva (yUnivarsa) ke saMbaMdha meM yaha dhAraNA hai| . padArtha evaM UrjA (maiTara eNDa enarjI) AinsTIna ke sApekSatA ke siddhAMta-ke-pUrva vijJAna padArtha (maiTara) aura (enarjI) ko do vibhinna dravya mAnatA thaa| sAtha hI yaha dhAraNA thI ki na to padArtha ko UrjA meM badalA jA sakatA hai aura na UrjA ko padArtha meM / sApekSatA ke viziSTa siddhAnta (spezala thiorI oNpha rileTiviTI) ke E=mc2/ UrjA = UrjA (padArtha kI mAtrA)x (prakAza kI gati) sUtra ke anusAra padArtha ko UrjA evaM UrjA ko padArtha meM rUpAntarita kiyA jA sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM padArtha aura UrjA eka hI dravya ke do rUpa haiN| eka kilogrAma padArtha ko pUrNata: rUpAntarita karake 9 x 1016 jUla (eka mApa-ikAI) UrjA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| itanI UrjA se eka choTe zahara kA bijalIghara kaI mahInoM taka calAyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ke padArtha aura UrjA ke paraspara rUpAntaraNa prakRti meM aura prayogazAlA meM, aNu-bhaTTiyoM meM aura aNu-zastroM meM hote rahate haiN| viziSTa mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki sApekSatAvAda ke siddhAMta pravartana ke sadiyoM pUrva se hI jainadarzana padArtha aura UrjA ko pudgala kI paryAya mAnatA hai| sAre padArtha maoNlIkyUloM se banate haiM, pratyeka maoNlIkyUla paramANuoM (eTamsa) ke saMyoga se banatA hai, pratyeka paramANu meM eka kendrakaNa (nyUkliasa) aura kaI ilekTraoNna hote haiN| pratyeka kendrakaNa meM proTaoNna evaM nyUTraoNna hote haiN| dhanAtmaka (paoNjITivha) aura RNAtmaka (nigeTivha) vidyuteM eka dUsare ko AkarSita karatI haiN|

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336 jaina darzana aura vijJAna kendrakaNa (nyUkliyasa) meM dhanAtmaka vidyut Aveza aura ilekTraoNna meM RNAtmaka vidyut Aveza hotA hai; isalie paramANu (eTama) meM kendrakaNa se ilekTraoNna baMdhe rahate haiN| udAharaNa ke lie hAiDrojana aNu kA kendrakaNa kevala eka hotA hai aura eka ilekTraoNna usake cAroM ora cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai| kArbana paramANu ke kendra-kaNa meM 6 proTaoNna evaM 6 nyUTraoNna hote haiM aura chaha ilekTraoNna usakI parikramA karate rahate haiN| paramANuoM ke sammilana se maoNlIkyUla, krisTala ityAdi ke banane meM bhI dhanAtmaka evaM RNAtmaka vidyut Aveza uttaradAyI haiN| jaina darzana meM snigdha guNavAle kaNoM ke baMdhane se skandha banane kA bhI varNana hai| kendrakaNa (nyUkliyasa) meM jo proTraoNna baMdhe rahate haiM ve dhanAtmaka vidyutAveza-yukta haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki do dhanAtmaka vidyut Aveza-yukta kaNoM (pArTikalsa) ke bIca bhI AkarSaNa evaM bandhana saMbhava hai| jaina darzana kA paramANu indriyagrAhya nahIM hai| indriyagrAhya (parsepTibila) kA tAtparya yadi samajhA jAe ki paramANu kisI vaijJAnika prayogazAlA ke yantroM se grAhya (DiTekTebala) nahIM hai to niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki Adhunika vijJAna ne jo maulika kaNa (elImeMTrI pArTikalsa) khoja nikAle haiM, jaina darzana ke anusAra ve saba kaI paramANuoM ke saMyoga se bane skandha haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu saba padArtha paramANuoM se nirmita haiN| sAtha hI, vibhinna prakAra kI UrjA, Atapa (hITa), prakAza (lAiTa), vidyut (ilekTrIsiTI) Adi, pudgala kI paryAya haiM; isalie UrjA meM bhI paramANu hone cAhiye jaise ki jala, svarNa, vAyu Adi ke skaMdhoM meM haiN| Adhunika prayogazAlAoM meM UrjA (enarjI) ko padArtha (maiTara) ke rUpa meM aura padArtha ko UrjA ke rUpa meM parivartita karane kI prakriyAeM hotI rahatI haiN| isase tAtparya hai ki UrjA aura padArtha donoM meM eka hI maulika tattva hai tathApi Adhunika vijJAna padArtha ko kaNAtmaka (pArTikala AspekTa) aura UrjA ko taraMgAtmaka vivha AspekTa) mAnatA hai; sAtha hI UrjA kI taraMgeM kisI sthiti (vAtAvaraNa) meM kaNAtmaka rUpa darzAtI haiM aura padArtha ke kaNa samucita sthiti meM taraMgAtmaka rUpa darzAte haiN| jahAM taka maulika kaNoM (elImeMTrI pArTikalsa) kA prazna hai, Aja kA vaijJAnika proTaoNna, nyUTraoNna, ilekTraoNna, kaI prakAra ke maisaoNna, nyUTrInoM, kvArka ityAdi kaNoM ke anusaMdhAna meM rata haiN| yadi jaina darzana kA paramANu indriyagrAhya ke sAtha-sAtha yantra-grAhya bhI nahIM hai to ina saba maulika kaNoM meM se koI bhI kaNa jainadarzana kA paramANu nahIM ho sktaa|

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 337 uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki sAmAnyata: jaina darzana kI pudgala kI dhAraNA Adhunika vijJAna kI mAnyatAoM se mUla rUpa se mela khAtI hai| sUkSma rUpa se donoM kI tulanA kaThina hai| lagabhaga pichale sau varSoM meM vijJAna ne jo pragati kI hai usase ni:saMdeha padArtha aura UrjA ke viSaya meM anaginata sUkSmatara vivaraNoM aura maulika dhAraNAoM kA prAdurbhAva huA hai, jo prayoga-siddha hai| yaha vaijJAnika prakriyA Aja bhI anavarata cAlU hai, rukI nahIM hai| lagatA hai, bhaviSya meM gahana adhyayana aura anusaMdhAna ke pariNAmasvarUpa Adhunika vijJAna aura jaina darzana kI pudgala-saMbaMdhI dhAraNAoM meM kucha aura tAlamela sthApita karanA saMbhava hogaa| paramANu ke mUla guNadharma paramANu ke guNoM meM jaina dArzanikoM ne gurutva (bhArIpana) aura laghutva (halakepana) ko bhI maulika svabhAva nahIM mAnA hai; ye bhI vibhinna paramANuoM ke saMyogaja pariNAma haiM / anveSaNa kI dRSTi se yaha saMkalpanA bhI atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai; kyoMki Adhunika vijJAna bhI yaha mAnane lagA hai ki sthUlatva se sUkSmatva kI ora jAte hue tathAkathita paramANu ke choTe-choTe kaNa bhAra Adi guNoM se rahita ho jAte haiM; jaise phoTaoNna, nyUTrIno aadi| jainadarzanakAroM ne snigdhatva aura rUkSatva ko paramANuoM ke paraspara baMdhana kA kAraNa maanaa| ___vaijJAnikoM ne bhI paramANuoM ke paraspara bandhana kA kAraNa dhanavidyut (paoNjITivha cArja) - snigdhatva aura RNavidyut (nigeTivha cArja) -rUkSatva ko mAnA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki donoM ne zabdabheda se eka hI bAta kaha dI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki snigdhatva aura rUkSatva ina do guNoM se dhana aura RNa vidyut paidA hotI hai| DaoN. bI. ela. zIla ne bhI apanI pustaka 'pAjITivha sAiMsa oNpha ensieNTa hindUja' meM isa bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra rUkSa paramANu rUkSa ke sAtha aura snigdha paramANu snigdha ke sAtha do se lekara ananta guNAMzoM kI taratamatA se baMdhana ko prApta hote haiN| bhArI RNANu yA 'negeTraoNna' isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai, kyoMki yaha kevala RNANuoM kA hI samudAya hai| isI prakAra DaoN. gelamAna ke kvArka-siddhAMta' ke anusAra eka proTraoNna tIna kvArka se mila kara banA hai; jisameM se eka kA Aveza dhana 1/3 tathA do kvArka pratyeka dhana 2/3 Aveza ke hoMge aura isa prakAra proTaoNna kA kula Aveza dhana ke barAbara hogaa| 1. dekheM, pRSTha 294-295 /

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338 jaina darzana aura vijJAna nyUTraoNna bhI tIna kvArkoM se milakara banA hai, do RNa 1/3 Aveza vAle aura eka dhana 2/3 Aveza vAlA, jisameM kula Aveza zUnya hogaa| 'mesaoNrna' do kvArkoM se mila kara banA hai| DaoN0 gelamAna ke anusAra yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki ye kaNa svataMtra rUpa meM hI pAye jaaeN| ye kevala bala (phorsa), UrjA (enarjI) athavA dhArA (kareMTa) ke rUpa meM bhI ho sakate haiM, jo nAbhikIya kaNoM ke bhItara tejI se ghUmate rahate haiM yA jinakA astitva sthira kaNoM ke rUpa meM kevala nAbhika ke bhItara hI saMbhava hai aura isalie inheM bAhara se zAyada kabhI nahIM dekhA jA sktaa| unakI yaha bAta jaina darzana ke paramANu-siddhAMta se kucha mela khAtI pratIta hotI hai| 'negeTraoNnsa, yA bhArI RNANu' rUkSa-ke-sAtha-rUkSa kA baMdhana caritArtha karate haiN| proTaoNna' kA kvArka' snigdha-kA-snigdha ke sAtha baMdhana hai| jainadarzanakAra bhI yahI kahate haiM ki rUkSa paramANu rUkSa-ke-sAtha aura snigdha paramANu snigdha-ke-sAtha do se le kara yAvat ananta guNAzoM kI taratamatA se bandhana ko prApta hote haiN| snigdha aura rUkSa paramANu to binA kisI zarta ke bandha jAte haiM, para eka guNa rUkSa aura eka guNa snigdha paramANu kabhI bandhana ko prApta nahIM hote / sUkSma pariNamana Adhanika bhautika kI kvANTama gatikI', jise vaijJAnika maiksa plAMka; nIlsa bohara, luisa de brogalI, zroDiMgara, hAijanabarga, borna tathA paulI ne vikasita kiyA, ke anusAra eka gatizIla kaNa kinhIM paristhitiyoM meM eka kaNa kI bhAMti vyavahAra karatA hai tathA kinhIM paristhitiyoM meM eka taraMga kI bhaaNti| kisI gatizIla kaNa kI sahI sthiti tathA sahI vega kA hama eka sAtha patA nahIM kara sakate; ina meM-se yadi eka kA mAna ThIka se jJAta kara bhI liyA jAe to dUsare ke mAna meM kucha anizcitatA rahatI hai| kisI gatizIla kaNa kI sahI sthiti tathA vega ko hama eka sAtha nahIM jAna sakate, usakI prAyikatA (prAbebiliTi) hI jJAta kI jA sakatI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra paramANu kI svAbhAvika gati sarala rekhA meM hai aura vaibhAvika gati vakra rekhA meN| paramANu kama-se-kama eka samaya meM eka AkAza-pradeza kA avagAhana kara sakatA hai aura adhika-se-adhika usI samaya meM caturdaza rajjvAtmaka samUce vizva kaa| spaSTa hai ki aNu-paramANu kaNa ke gati-saMbaMdhI vicAroM meM darzana aura vijJAna meM samAnatA bhI hai aura asamAnatA bhI, kyoMki Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra ilekTraoNna kI gati golAkAra hai| 1. Adhunika vijJAna meM kRSNa-vivara (Black Hole) aura jaina darzana meM kRSNarAji aura tamaskAya kA varNana bahuta samAna huA hai jisameM isa tathya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| dekheM bhagavatI sUtra (bhASya), 6/70-106 /

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 339 jaina darzana batAtA hai ki thor3e se paramANu vistRta AkAza - khaMDa ko ghera lete haiM, jise paramANuoM kA vyAyatIkaraNa kahate haiM aura kabhI-kabhI ve paramANu ghanIbhUta ho kara bahuta choTe se AkAza deza meM samA jAte haiM, jise paramANuoM kA samAsIkaraNa kahate haiN| Adhunika vijJAna isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai| hAla hI meM khoje gaye saba-se-choTe tAre ke eka kyUbika iMca meM 16740 mana bhAra AMkA gayA hai| yaha sUkSma pariNamana-kriyA vijJAna se mela khAtI hai / aNu ke do aMga hote haiM, eka madhyavartI nAbhika (nyUklIyasa) jisameM dhanANu (proTaoNnsa) aura nyUTaoNnsa hote haiM aura dUsarA bAhya kakSIya kavaca (oNrbiTala zela) jisameM RNANu cakkara lagAte haiM / nAbhika kA ghanaphala pUre aNu ke ghanaphala se bahuta hI kama hotA hai aura jaba kucha kakSIya kavaca aNu se vicchinna ho jAte haiM to aNu kA ghanaphala kama ho jAtA hai| ye aNu vicchinna aNu kahalAte haiN| jyotiSa - sambandhI anusaMdhAnoM se patA calatA hai ki kucha tAre aise haiM jinakA ghanatva hamArI duniyA kI ghanatama vastuoM se bhI 200 guNita hai / eDiMgTana ne eka sthAna para likhA hai ki eka Tana (28 mana ) nAbhikIya (nyUklIara) pudgala hamAre vesTa koTa kI jeba meM samA sakatA hai| kucha hI samaya pUrva eka aise tAre kA anusandhAna huA hai jisakA ghanatva 620 Tana (17360 mana) prati ghana iMca hai| itane adhika ghanatva kA kAraNa yahI hai ki vaha tArA vicchinna aNuoM se nirmita hai| usake aNuoM meM kevala nAbhika kaNa hI haiM, kakSIya kavaca nahIM / jaina siddhAMta kI bhASA meM isakA kAraNa aNuoM kA sUkSma pariNamana hai I paramANu UrjA aura tejolezyA paramANu - zakti (nyUklIara enarjI) aura tejolezyA meM yat kiMcit sAmya hai / bhagavatI sUtra zataka 15 meM tejolezyA kI prakriyA pratipAdita hai / "jo vyakti chaha mahIne taka bele kA tapa kare, UrdhvabAhu raha kara hamezA sUrya kI AtApanA le, aura pAraNe meM eka muTThI ur3ada aura eka cullU garama pAnI grahaNa kare, vaha tejolezyA ko prApta karatA hai / " tejolezyA paramANu-zakti kI bhAMti dhvaMsakArI bana sakatI hai| tejolezyA paudgalika hai aura vaha vistRta bhAva ko prApta hokara aMga, baMga, magadha, malaya, mAlava- jaise 16 dezoM ko eka sAtha bhasma kara detI hai / kuddha anagAra meM-se tejolezyA nikala kara dUra gayI huI dUra giratI hai, pAsa gayI huI pAsa giratI hai| vaha jahAM giratI hai, vahAM usake acitta pudgala prakAza karate yAvat tapate haiN|

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340 jaina darzana aura vijJAna __ Adhunika paramANu-UrjA to kevala uSmA ke rUpa meM hI prakaTa hotI hai, para tejolezyA meM uSNatA aura zItalatA donoM guNa vidyamAna haiN| bhagavatI sUtra zataka 15 meM tejolezyA ke do bheda batAye gaye haiM : uSNa tejolezyA (nyUklIyara enarjI), zItala tejolezyA (eMTInyUklIyara enrjii)| .. zItala tejolezyA uSNa tejolezyA ke prabhAva ko tatkSaNa naSTa kara sakatI hai| vaijJAnika abhI taka uSNa tejolezyA aNubama aura udjana bama kA hI AviSkAra kara pAye haiM, kiMtu aNu-AyuddhoM kA pratikAraNa astra unheM abhI taka nahIM milA hai| . paramANu-zakti do taraha se utpanna hotI hai : galana (paramANu-vikhaNDana yA paramANu-vigalana; phisana) se, pUraNa (paramANu-saMlayana; nyUklIyara phyUjana) se| .. yaha paramANu-vigalana tathA paramANu-saMlayana ke siddhAMta jaina darzana kI 'pUraNa-galana dharmatvAt pudgala:' saMkalpanA ko paripuSTa karate haiN| pUraNa arthAt milana yA saMyoga, galana arthAt viyoga yA pArthakya / bhAvI saMbhAvanA niSkarSa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaijJAnika jisa paramANu (eTama) ke anusandhAna meM rata hai, jaina darzana ke anusAra vaha aneka paramANuoM se saMghaTita koI skandha (maoNlIkyUla) hai; kyoMki jaina zAstroM meM paramANu kI sUkSmatA ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai : paramANu iMdriyoM kA evaM prayoga kA viSaya nahIM hai ata: vaha manuSyakRta nAnA prakriyAoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotA hai| jaina darzana kI paribhASA ke anusAra ilekTaoNna, proTraoNna, nyUTraoNna, phoTaoNna, kvArka, nyUTrinoM Adi meM se koI bhI kaNa paramANu nahIM hai; paramANu ke udarastha jitane bhI kaNa haiM, jaina darzana mAnatA hai ki ve sUkSmatama, yA paramANu, yA maulika kaNa kahalAne ke upayukta nahIM haiN| jainadarzanakAroM ne paramANu ke do bheda kiye haiM-nizcaya paramANu aura vyavahAra prmaannu| avibhAjya aura sUkSmatama kaNa nizcaya paramANu haiM aura sUkSmatama skaMdha jo indriya-vyavahAra meM sUkSmatama-se lagate haiM, vyavahAra paramANu haiN| vijJAna kA paramANu vAstava meM vyavahAra paramANu hI hai| . suprasiddha vaijJAnika jI. o. jaoNnsa, je. roTableTa tathA jI. je. viTaro ne 'paramANu aura vizva' (eTama eNDa yUnIvarsa) nAmaka pustaka meM, jo 1956 I. meM laMdana se prakAzita hai, spaSTa kiyA hai ki " proTaoNna, nyUTraoNna aura ilekTraoNna ye tIna mUlabhUta kaNa mAne gaye, aura aba vaha saMkhyA bIsa taka pahuMca gayI hai maulika aNuoM kI yaha apratyAzita baDhata bahata asaMtoSa kA viSaya hai kyA vAstava meM padArtha ke

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jaina darzana aura vijJAna meM paramANu 341 itane Tukar3oM kI AvazyakatA hai, yA mUlabhUta aNuoM kI yaha bar3hata padArtha-mUlasambandhI hamAre ajJAna kI sUcaka hai? sahI to yaha hai ki maulika kaNa arthAt parama+aNu, yA paramANu kyA hai? yaha pahelI aba taka sulajha nahIM pAyI hai|' AzA hai bhaviSya meM vijJAna aura darzana ke samanvaya se prAthamika kaNa kI pahelI ko sulajhA kara satya ke sannikaTa pahuMcA jA skegaa| abhyAsa 1. bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa se jaina darzana meM paramANu ke kitane prakAra batAe gaye ___haiM? paramANu-padgala kI vibhinna paribhASAoM ko spaSTa kreN| 2. jaina darzana ke paramANu ke gati aura kriyA-sambandhI vivecana ko prastuta karate ___ hue vijJAna ke sandarbha meM usakI mImAMsA kreN| 3. Adhunika vijJAna meM paramANu-siddhAMta ke vikAsa-vRtta ko apane zabdoM meM prastuta kreN| 4. jaina darzana ke paramANuvAda aura Adhunika vijJAna ke paramANuvAda kI tulanA karate hue batAeM ki bhautika vizva ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie ina donoM ko jAnanA kyoM jarUrI hai? 5. jaina darzana ke anusAra paramANu ke mukhya guNa-dharmoM ko batAte hue jaina paramANuvAda para vistAra se prakAza DAleM tathA siddha kareM ki aitihAsika dRSTi se isakA kyA mahattva hai? 1. aba yaha saMkhyA bar3hakara 100 ho gaI hai|

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mANassa sAramAyA jaina vizvabhAratI, saMsthAna lADanUM (rAja)