Jain Darshan ke Navtattva

Author(s): Dharmashilashreeji
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001676/1

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saMskRta graMthAMtargata jaina darzana ke navatattva lekhikA jaina sAdhvI DaoN0 dharmazIlA sampAdaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma0 pra0) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI risarca phAuNDezana phAra jainolAjI, cennaI zrI gujarAtI zve0 sthA0 jaina- esosiezana, cennaI

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prAcya vidyApITha, granthamAlA saM0 1 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, granthamAlA saM0- 134 jaina darzana ke navatattva lekhikA jaina sAdhvI DaoN0 dharmazIlA ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 sampAdaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma0pra0) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI risarca phAuNDezana phAra jainolAjI, cennaI zrI gujarAtI zve0 sthA0 jaina esosiezana, cennaI

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pustaka lekhaka prakAzaka : jaina darzana ke navatattva : jaina sAdhvI DaoN0 dharmazIlA : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma0pra0) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI risarca phAuNDezana phAra jainolAjI, cennaI zrI gujarAtI zve0 sthA0 jaina-esosiezana, cennaI : san 2000 prathama saMskaraNa : ru0 400.00 mUlya AI.esa.bI.ena. Title Author Publisher : 81-86715-62-0 : Jaina Darsana Ke Navatattva : Jaina Sadhvi Dr. Dharmsheela : Pracya Vidyapitha, Shajapur, M.P. ParSwanatha Vidyapitha, Varanasi Research Foundation for Jainology, Chennai Sri Gujarati Svetambara Sthanakavasi Jaina Association, Chennai : 2000 : Rs. 400.00 : 81-86715-62-0 : Shri Ajay Shrivastava Shri Vinay Shrivastava Shajapur (M.P.) First Edition Price I.S.B.N. Type Setting Rajesh Computers Varanasi. : Vardhamana Mudranalaya Bhelupur, Varanasi-10 Printed at

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prakAzakIya sAdhvIvaryA DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI ne 'jaina saMskRta granthoM meM navatattvoM kA vivecana' viSaya ko lekara eka zodha-prabandha likhA thA, jisapara unheM pUnA vizvavidyAlaya se pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gaI thii| cUMki zodha-prabandha mUlata: marAThI bhASA meM likhA gayA thA ata: isakA prathama prakAzana bhI marAThI bhASA meM huaa| jaina dharma darzana meM navatattvoM kA jo mUlya aura mahattva hai, use dRSTigata rakhate hue gujarAtI bhASA-bhASiyoM ke lie isakA gujarAtI anuvAda prakAzita huA, kintu hindI bhASA-bhASiyoM ke lie isa grantha kA abhAva khaTakatA rhaa| ata: unakI prArthanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pUjyAzrI sAdhvIjI ne isakA hindI rUpAntaraNa taiyAra kiyaa| isa mahAna zrama ke lie hama pUjyA sAdhvIjI ke vizeSa AbhArI haiN| DaoN0 sAgaramalajI jaina ne usa rUpAntaraNa ko samyak prakAra se sampAdita karake usakI presa kApI taiyAra kI aura kampyUTara para usakI TAipa seTiMga krvaayaa| isake saMzodhana aura prUpharIDiMga meM unheM DaoN0 vinoda kumAra zarmA, prAdhyApaka saMskRta, bA0 kR0 zarmA, navIna mahAvidyAlaya, zAjApura ne vizeSa sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| mudraNa hetu prakAzana vyavasthA kA dAyitva jainAlAjikala risarca phAuNDezana, cenaI aura zrI gujarAtI sthAnakavAsI jaina saMgha, cennaI ne grahaNa kiyaa| jina vibhinna dAna-dAtAoM dvArA prApta artha sahayoga se prastuta: grantha kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai unake prati hama AbhAra prakaTa karate haiM kyoMki artha ke abhAva meM isakA isa rUpa meM prakAzana sambhava nahIM thaa| mudraNa sambandhI vyavasthA meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke atirikta hameM vizeSa sahayoga milA-DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya, DaoN0 vijaya kumAra jaina, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI kA, hama unake prati bhI AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| kampyUTara TAipaseTiMga ke lie hama zrI ajaya zrIvAstava evaM zrI vinaya bhaTTa, zAjApura aura rAjeza kampyUTarsa, vArANasI ke AbhArI haiN| sAtha hI satvara evaM sundara mudraNa ke lie mahAvIra presa, vArANasI kA AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| prAcya vidyApATha, zAjApura (ma0 pra0) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI risarca phAuNDezana phAra jainolAjI, cennaI zrI gujarAtI zve0 sthA0 jaina-esosiezana, cennaI

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About us Sri Gujarati Swetambara Sthanakawasi Jaina Association was established in 1975 with an aim of bringing together all Gujarati Sthanakawasi Jaina and to invite Gujarati Sthanakawasi Jaina Sudhus and Sadhvis to Southern India, so that the community could benefit from the sermons and preachings of Bhagawana Mahavira. The Association had for its objectives, the propagation of Jainism, keeping alive its Jaina traditions, promoting religious and philosophical publications, conducting periodical lectures, creating facilities for the Vihara of the saints, performing 'Vaiyavacca'(providing the Sadhus and Sadhvis with their permissible food, clothing, shelter, medical care etc.) The Association had already published many books in Jaina Canonical literature in different languages. Now in joint hands with the Research Foundation for Jainology, Chennai, publishing this Hindi version of 'Navatattva of Jainism in Sanskrit Literature'. We trust that this great work shall quench the thirst of the needy. needy. . Chennai-600.007 December, 7,2000 Rasiklal C. Badani (President) Sri Gujarati Swetambara Sthanakawasi Jaina Association Sri Gujarati Swetambara Sthanakawasi Jaina Association 78/79, Ritherdon Road, Purasawalkam, Chennai-600 007 Publication Committee Surendrabhai M. Mehta Rasiklal C. Badani Dhirubhai U. Shah Manharlal C. Doshi Dineshchandra C. Doshi Mansukhlal G. Mehta Gulab Chand T. Uchat Praful R. Shah Founder President President Vice President Vice President Secretary Jt.Secretary Treasurer

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Research Foundation for Jainology The Research Foundation for Jainology was established in the year 1982 aiming to foster awareness of Jaina Philosophy and its tenets in the mind of public viz. development of body, enrichment of benevolence, sublimation of emotions, character building and illumination of the spirit within. The Foundation is a Scientific and Industrial Research Organization recognized by Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi. Subsequently the Foundation established in the year 1988 a full fledged Department of Jainology in Madras University, Madras with Post graduate and research courses upto Ph.D. level. The Foundation has published several valued publications in Tamil. Hindi and English. These have been well received by students, teachers and scholars alike. The Foundation, in association with Sri Gujarati Swetambara Sthanakawasi Jaina Association, Chennai is now publishing the Hindi version of 'Navatattva of Jainism in Sanskrit Literature 'being the Ph.D. research thesis of Her Holiness Dr. Dharmsheelaji Mahasatiji written in 'Marathi'. The great work of Hindi Translation has been rendered by Porf. Sagarmal Jain, Director Emeritus, Parshwanath Vidyapeeth. Varanasi, presently residing at Shajapur (M.P.) which is highly praiseworthy. The original text in Marathi and translation in Gujarati language of this book had already been published. We sincerely hope that this great treatise will serve its purpose. Chennai-600 079 Krishnachand Chordia December,9,2000 General Secretary RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR JAINOLOGY "Sugan House" 18, Ramanuja Iyer Street Sowcarpet, Chennai-600 079 Executive Committee Surendrabhai M. Mehta S. Sri Pall, Retd. I.P.S. Krishnachand Chordia. Dulichand Jain G. L. Surana President Chairman General Secretary Secretary Treasurer.

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prAkkathana jainAgama sAhitya jaina saMskRti kI akSaya nidhi to hai hI, sAtha hI vaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA avibhAjya amUlya koSa bhI hai, kyoMki jaina saMskRti ke abhyAsa ke binA bhAratIya saMskRti kA sarvAMgINa abhyAsa ho hI nahIM sakatA / prastuta zodha-prabandha jainAgama meM tathA saMskRta, prAkRta aura anya jaina sAhitya meM navatattva viSayaka upalabdha jaina sAmagrI ko ekatrita karane kI aura navatattvoM ke vibhinna rUpoM ko digdarzita karane kA hI eka prayatna hai / sukha kI prApti, jIvana ke utkarSa aura vizvazAMti ke lie navatattvoM kA jJAna atyaMta Avazyaka hai / 'saMskRta graMthAMtargata jaina darzana ke navatattva' yaha mere abhyAsa kA aura saMzodhana kA viSaya hai / ina navatattvoM kI jAnakArI aura usakA prAthamika svarUpa nimnalikhita saMskRta graMthoM meM milatA hai / umAsvAti kA tattvArthasUtra, usapara likhA huA siddhasenagaNi kA svopajJabhASya aura bhaTTAkalaMkadeva kA tattvArtharAjavArtika saMgraha bhAga 1-2 3-4 ye hI pramANabhUta graMtha haiM / inake sAtha hI 1) karmaprakRti-yazovijayajI, 2) malayagiri TIkA, gaNadharavAda-jinabhadragaNi, gomaTa, sAra-nemicaMdrAcArya, navaprakaraNam-devaguNAcArya, navatattva sAhitya-3) paMcAstikAya TIkAamRtacaMdra sUri, 4) paMcAstikAya TIkA (bhAga 1, 2)-bau0 bra0 zItalaprasAdajI, 5) pramANamImAMsA-hemacandrAcArya, 6) prazamaratiprakaraNam - umAsvAti, 7) yogazAstra-hemacaMdrAcArya, 2) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para abhayadevasUri TIkA, 11) sarvadarzanasaMgraha-mAdhavAcArya, 12) sarvArthasiddhipUjyapAdAcArya, 13) syAdvAdamaMjarI-hemacandrAcArya, 14) bhagavatIsUtra-abhayadevasUri TIkA / ina graMthoM kA hI maiMne adhika AdhAra grahaNa kiyA hai / sAtha hI kucha sthAnoM para prAkRta, marAThI aura hiMdI graMthoM kA bhI AdhAra liyA hai / kundakundAcArya ke pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya, samayasAra, niyamasAra Adi granthoM, nemicaMdrAcArya kRta bRhatkAvyasaMgraha, karmagraMtha (bhAga 1,2,3,4), suttAgame (bhAga 9, 2) Adi jaina Agama graMthoM meM bhI navatattvoM kA vivecana milatA hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha jaina tattvajJAna meM pratipAdita kie hue navatattvoM ke jJAna ko prakAza meM lAne kA merA eka namra prayatna hai / yahA~ maiM yaha bhI spaSTa karanA cAhatI hU~ ki hindIbhASI logoM ko ina navatattvoM kA jJAna ho aura unheM mukti ke mArga kA Akalana ho, yahI merA mukhya uddezya hai / isalie isa marAThI zodha-prabandha kA hindI meM anuvAda kiyA / isakA gujarAtI anuvAda bhI huA hai| mere nirAza mana ko punaH AzA ke ujjvala kiraNa denevAle rASTrasaMta AcArya samrATa 1008 zrI AnaMdaRSijI ma0 kI maiM atIva RNI hU~ jinake maMgala AzIrvAda mujhe hamezA milate rahe, una pUjya gurudeva AtmArthIjI zrI mohanaRSijI ma0 kI bhI maiM manaHpUrvaka RNi hUM / pUjya gurudeva pravartaka zrI vinayaRSijI ma0 kI preraNA mujhe hamezA milatI rahI, isalie unake viSaya meM kRtajJatA vyakta kie binA maiM raha hI nahIM sakatI / / AcArya samrATa pU0 1008 devendramunIjI ma0 ne bhI zodhaprabaMdha likhane meM saMpUrNa sahayoga diyA isaliye mai unakI bhI RNI hU~ / jinase mujhe hamezA sneha aura sahakArya prApta hotA rahA aise atyaMta vizAla aMtaHkaraNa vAle

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pUjya zrI bar3e mahArAja (zrI vinayakuMvarajI mahArAja) kI bhI maiM hamezA RNI rahU~gI / bacapana se jJAna-vairAgya kI bAteM batAkara mere jIvana ko saMnyAsa mArga kI ora le jAnevAlI, mujhapara mAtRsadRza prema kI varSA karanevAlI, sAtha hI merI unnati ke lie sadaiva prayatna karanevAlI mahAsatIjI zrI bena mahArAja (zrI caMdanabAlAjI ma0) inakI to maiM Ajanma RNI raha~gI / parama AdaraNIya, paramapUjya, jJAnadAtrI, vizvasaMta, guruNImaiyA, mahAsatIjI zrI ujjvalakumArI jI kI preraNA bhUmi aura vidvattA ke sUryaprakAza meM mere isa zodha-prabaMdha kA bIja aMkurita huA / unake jJAna kA, sahavAsa kA aura mArgadarzana kA mujhe jo alabhya lAbha milA, usakA varNana merI vANI yA lekhanI se karanA sarvathA asambhava hai isase adhika maiM kyA kahaM ? isa zodha-prabaMdha ke lie mujhe ahamadanagara ke bar3e vyAsaMgI, saujanyamUrti DaoN0 DI0 jI jozI, ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0, saMskRta-prAkRta vibhAga pramukha, ahamadanagara kaoNleja, ahamadanagara, mArgadarzaka ke rUpa meM prApta hue, yaha nisarga kA eka zubha saMketa hI samajhanA par3egA / unake die hue protsAhana ke kAraNa, bahumUlya mArgadarzana ke kAraNa aura dikhAI huI tatparatA ke kAraNa hI maiM yaha zodha-prabaMdha ThIka samaya para pUrA kara sakI / isake lie maiM unakI atyaMta RNI huuN| mere preraka guruvarya kI to maiM RNI hU~ hI / unake jitane bhI AbhAra mAnUMgI, utane kama hI haiM / unase uRNa honA atyaMta kaThina hai / sAtha hI merI guru-bhaginI caritrazIlAjI kA sahayoga na hotA, to yaha graMtha maiM pUrA nahIM kara sakatI thii| pI-eca0 DI0 ke lie graMtha likhate samaya Apane merI bar3I sevA kI aura mujhe saba prakAra se sahayoga diyA, isalie isa avasara para maiM unheM bhUla nahIM sakatI / pI-eca0 DI0 ke lie graMtha chApane kI preraNA ghATakopara ke kAThiyAvAr3a ke bhUtapUrva pramukha, . kAryakuzala, vyavahAradakSa zrI ramaNikabhAI desAI tathA ahamadanagara ke dharmapremI rohitabhAI saMgharAjakA ne dI / ve nizcaya hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / sAtha hI thIsisa taiyAra karane ke lie ahamadanagara ke gurubhakta zrI nemicandajI kaTAriyA evaM dharmapremI zrI vasaMtalAlajI vorA ne bar3e parizrama kie / thIsisa chApane ke lie nidhi ikaTThA karane ke lie baMbaI ke DaoN0 dhIrendra ema0 gosaliyA aura unakI dharmapatnI candanabena gosaliyA ne athaka prayatna kie / unake prayatnoM kA maiM zabdoM dvArA varNana kara nahIM sakatI / puNe ke AdinAtha saMgha ke sekreTarI zrI0 sI0 ela0 bAphanAjI ne bhI thIsisa nidhi ekatrita karane ke lie athaka prayatna kie / baMdhu samAna zrI mehulabhAI jI ne chapAI ko vyavasthita aura AkarSaka banAne ke lie aneka parizrama kie, isalie ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / sAtha hI Avazyaka citra nikAlane ke lie zrI baladevabhAI ne apanI kalA kA paricaya diyA / isalie ve bhI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / isake alAvA isa zodhagraMtha ke lie mujhe pratyakSa vA apratyakSa rUpa se sahAyatA karane vAle sAre sAdhu, sAdhviyAM aura baMdhu-bahanoM kA maiM manaHpUrvaka AbhAra mAnatI huuN| -jaina sAdhvI dharmazIlA

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ujjvala dharma - sAhitya prakAzana saMsthA kA vartamAna saMcAlaka maNDala DaoN0 dhIrendra rAma gosaliyA DaoN0 nilezabhAI vRjalAla vorA zrI ramaNikalAla chaganalAla desAI zrI rohitabhAI maNiyAra zrI vinodabhAI harilAla dozI zrI vIrezabhAI desAI zrI jagatabhUSaNajI jaina zrI avinAzajI jaina zrI sI0 ela0 bAphanA zrI pravINabhAI zAha

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samarpaNa jJAna, vairAgya evaM vizva-vAtsalya kI divyamUrti vizvasaMta-viruda-vibhUSitA, guruvaryA mahAsatIjI zrI ujjvalakumArI jI ma0 sA0 KORREDORDREDORED CREDORES ROREOGROGREOCTOCROGR2OCTSOCRORSOCIEO ZooSoso SORSOQESOR&RSQQ.com:80 VORSORSORSA SORSOQESORSOX ujjvala kumArI jI jinake jIvana kA kSaNa-kSaNa zuddhAtmabhAva ko svAyatta karane kI dizA meM sarvadA saMprayukta rahA, jana-janameM vizvamaitrI, samatva, ahiMsA evaM anekAnta ke mahAna AdarzoM ko saMprasArita karane meM jo sarvathA avizrAMta rUpa meM adhyavasAyarata rahIM, una prAtaH smaraNIyA, paramopakAriNI mahAhimanvitA guruvaryA mahAsatIjI zrI ujjvala kumArI jI ma0 sA0 kI sevA meM sAdara, sabhakti zrutAJjali sahita samarpita / sAdhvI DaoN0 dharmazIlA

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AtmArthI gurudeva pU0 mohana RSijI ma0 sA0 AcArya samrAT paramapUjya zrI Ananda RSijI ma0 sA0 mohana RSijI AnaMda RSijI kAruNya, vAtsalya evaM mAMgalya ke pAvana pratIka, 'zramaNa saMgha ke dvitIya paTTadhara zrutamahodadhi mahAn tattvavettA, 'adhyAtmayogI' pU0 mohana AcArya samrATa parama pUjya gurudeva zrI Ananda RSijI RSijI ma0 sA0 jinakI sat preraNA se ma0 sA0, jinake mukhAravinda se pU0 zrI dharmazIlAjI mahAsatI zrI dharmazIlAjI ma0 sA0 "navatattva" ma0 sA0 ne bhAgavatI dIkSA prApta kI tathA jo para zodha kArya meM saMpravRtta huii| mahAsatIjI ke zruta cAritramaya jIvana ke uttarottara vikAsa ke sadaiva preraka evaM unnAyaka rhe| mAtezvarI pU0 caMdanabAlAjI ma0 sA0 Arjava, mArdava, sauhArda evaM AdhyAtmika sneha kI divya srotasvinI , navakAra mahAmantra kI ananya ArAdhikA, saumya hRdayA, mAtezvarI,.(pa0 pUjanIyA guruNIvaryA kI janmadAtrI) mahAsatI zrI candana bAlAjI ma0 sA0, jo sAdhvI vRnda ke lie sadA maMgalamaya saMbala rhiiN| candana bAlAjI zramaNa-saMghIya mahArASTra maMtrI gurudeva pU0 vinaya RSi jI ma0 sA0 Agama marmajJa, jaina-jainetara zAstroM ke mahAna adhyetA, jaMgama graMthAgAra-sadRza, saumyacetA mahAmanISI pUjya zrI vinaya RSi jI ma0 sA0 jo mahAsatI zrI dharmazIlA jI ke zodhakArya meM anavarata sahayogI rhe| vinaya RSijI

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SH. SURENDRA M. MEHTA artha sahayogI MEHTA JEWELLERY 40. THIRUMALAI PILLAI ROAD T. NAGAR, CHENNAI-600017 PRESIDENT - RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF JAINOLOGY (REG.) CHENNAI MANAGING DIRECTOR-AHIMSA RESEARCH FOUNDATION CHENNAI. MRS. SUSHILA BEN S. MEHTA artha sahayogI RASIKLAL C. BADANI B.COM. MRS. CHANDRIKA R. BADANI RADIANT BEARINGS (MADRAS) 144. TAMBHU CHETTY STREET. CHENNAI-600001 PRESIDENT: GUJRATI SHWETAMBAR STHANAKWASI JAIN ASSOCIATION. TREASURER: P. T. B. GUJARATI SAHAYAKARI HOSPITAL & JAIN SOCIAL GROUP.

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artha sahayogI zrI sArAbhAI pArekha, muMbaI saMghapati-jhAlAvar3I svayaM sevaka maMDala zrImatI prabhAbena pArekha, muMbaI (sevAbhAvI, mAnavatA premI, dAnavIra) patra- rameza bhAI - zobhanA devI ha~samukha bhAI - dakSA devI dIpaka bhAI - mAlA devI putrI - kalAbena - mahendrakumAra artha sahayogI SHRI SHANTILAL LODHA SMT. LILAWATI LODHA S. M. & SONS. 50. N.S.C.BOSEROAD CHENNAI-600079

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SHRI MANHARLAL BHAI V. DOSHI artha sahayogI SRI KANTILAL BHAI BAVISHI DOSHI BROS. 4-1-488, TROOP BAZAR HYDERABAD-500001 MRS. SUSHILA BEN DOSHI artha sahayogI MRS. JAI SHREE BEN BAVISHI 13. KADAMBARI APARTMENTS. 41. RITHERDON ROAD, VEPERY CHENNAI-600007

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vidyA, sAdhanA evaM sevA kI divyamUrti "ujjvala dharma prabhAvaka" mahAsatIvaryA bAla brahmacAriNI DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI ma0 sA0 : saMkSipta paricaya DaoN0 dharmazIlA jI ma0 sA0 .

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vidyA, sAdhanA evaM sevA kI divyamUrti ujjvala dharma prabhAvikA mahAsatIvaryA DaoN0 dharmazIlA jI ma0 sAo saMkSipta paricaya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA saMpravartita AdhyAtmika | krAMti ke mahAn saMdeza vAhaka vizAla sAdhu-sAdhvI samudAya ke madhya divyamUrti, parama viduSI mahAsatI jI zrI DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI ma0sA0 ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0 kA atyanta | mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ___mahArASTra kI puNyabhUmi meM ahamadanagara jile ke antargata kAnhUra paThAra nAmaka grAma meM parama dharmAnurAgI pitA zrI rAmacaMdajI ziMgavI ke yahA~ zrImatI kastUrI bAI ziMgavI kI ratnagarbhA kukSi se vimala bahana kA janma huA, jo Age calakara jaina jagat kI divya jyoti mahAsatIjI zrI DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI ma0 sAla ke rUpa meM rASTra vizruta banIM / AcArya samrAT pU0 zrI AnaMdaRSijI ma0 sAla ke mukhAraviMda se bhAgavatI dIkSA svIkAra kara vidyA, sAdhanA aura titikSA kI triveNI-svarUpA vizvasaMta-viruda-vibhUSitA guruNIvaryA mahAsatIjI pUjya ujjvala kumArIjI ma0 sAla kI sevA meM sarvato bhAvena samarpita ho gaIM / unake sAnnidhya meM zrutArAdhanA aura cAritrArAdhanA ke pAvana patha para uttarottara agrasara hotI rahIM / unake jIvanaparyaMta prANapaNa se unakI sevA meM aharniza saMlagna rahIM / apanI naisargika pratibhA aura prakhara buddhi ke pariNAma-svarUpa mahAsatI jI zrI dharmazIlA jI ne pUnA vizvavidyAlaya meM prAkRta aura pAli kI ema0 e0 parIkSA prathama zreNI meM uttIrNakara prathama sthAna prApta kiyA / Apane hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga kI sAhitya ratna parIkSA meM bhI prathama zreNI meM sarvocca sthAna prApta kiyA / ApakA hindI, marAThI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, saMskRta, prAkRta, pAli tathA aMgrejI Adi aneka bhASAoM para asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai / jaina darzana ke sAtha-sAtha Apa kA anya bhAratIya darzanoM kA bhI gahana adhyayana hai / san 1977 meM "jaina darzana meM navatattva' viSaya para bhArata varSa ke samasta sAdhu-sAdhvI vRMda meM sarvaprathama Apane hI pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi prApta kii| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA nirUpita aMhisA evaM vizvazAMti ke mahAn AdarzoM ke saMprasAra hetu Apa niraMtara prayatnazIla haiM / Apake sadupayoga aura sat preraNA se aneka sthAnoM meM dharmopAsanA keMdra (sthAnaka), zikSaNa-saMsthAna tathA cikitsAlaya sthApita aura vikasita hue / ApakI satzikSAoM se prabhAvita hokara sahasroM, sahasroM vyakti zAkAhArI aura nirvyasanI bane / mahArASTra ke aneka aMcaloM meM jana-jana ko AtmajAgaraNa kA saMdeza dete hue Apane

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AMdhrapradeza tathA karnATaka Adi kI pada yAtrAyeM kIM, jo dharma-prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se vAstava meM aitihAsika mahattva liye hue haiM / pichale tIna varSoM se tamilanADu ke antargata cennaI mahAnagara ke vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa evaM pravAsa karate hue Apa jana-jana meM vyApaka rUpa meM dharma-prasAra kA mahAna kArya kiyA hai / jJAnArAdhanA ke sAtha ApakA jIvana nirantara saMpRkta rahA hai / pI-eca0 DI0 ke anaMtara Aja taka vaha krama satata gatizIla hai / Apane apane vidyArAdhanA ke isa mahAna kArya ko mUrta rUpa dene hetu apane cennaI pravAsa ke antargata " Namo siddhANaM - pada samIkSAtmaka parizIlana" viSaya para DI0 liTa0 ke liye vizAla zodha graMtha taiyAra kiyA hai / yaha prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ko isa mahAn kArya meM mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga dene kA suavasara prApta huA / yaha zodha graMtha mahAsatIjI kI bAIsa barSa kI zrutArAdhanA kA supariNAma hai / mahAsatIjI nirAmaya evaM zatAyurmaya jIvana prApta kareM, tathA apane vidyA evaM sAdhanAniSTha vyaktitva dvArA AtmakalyANa evaM jana-jAgaraNa ke prazasta patha para uttarottara gatizIla raheM, yahI maMgala kAmanA hai / prophesara DaoNo chaganalAla zAstrI ema0e0 (traya), pI-eca0 DI0 kAvyatIrtha, vidyAmahodadhi DaoN0 sAdhvI dharmazIlAjI ma0 apanI ziSyAoM kI dRSTi meM bhArata deza nara-ratnoM kI khAna haiM / isa deza meM aneka tIrthaMkara kevalI bhagavaMta aura zAsana ke aneka tejasvI ratna hue| aise zAsana- ratnoM se Aja bhI yaha deza camaka rahA hai / aise tejasvI ratnoM meM se eka ratna haiM-- pUjya DaoN0 zrI dharmazIlAjI mahAsatIjI / ApazrIjI ne jaina zAsana kA jhaMDA deza-videza meM phaharAyA aura jJAna kI tejasvI jyoti prajvalita kara suSupta AtmAoM ko jAgRta kiyA aura adhyAtma mArga para bar3hAyA hai / ApazrIjI jIvana jIne kI kalA saMsAra ko sikhA rahI haiM / saMta puruSoM ko janma denevAle mAtA-pitA bhI amara banate haiM / tAroM ke samUharUpa hajAroM bAlakoM ko janma denevAlI mAtAe~ aneka hotI haiM, parantu sUrya ke samAna mahAna tejasvI yazasvI zAsana - ratna ko janma denevAlI mAtA koI eka hI hotI hai aura vaha Adarza mAtA hI jaina zAsana meM dharma- dhuraMdhara bananevAlI AtmA ko janma de sakatI hai tathA svayaM kI saMtAna ko dhairya kA pATha par3hAkara, sadguNoM se suzobhita kara, apanI lADalI putrI kI bheMTa jaina- zAsana ko arpita kara sakatI haiM / zAsanapremI, dRr3hadharmI, sevAbhAvI, pitAzrI rAmacaMdajI ziMgavI tathA premamUrti, sarala svabhAvI mAtA zrI kastUrabAI ziMgavI jinhoMne jaina zAsana ko ujjvala karane vAlI, zramaNasaMgha kI zAna bar3hAnevAlI, pratibhAzAlI, prakhara vyAkhyAtA mahAna viduSI bA0 bra0 pUjya DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI mahasatIjI ko janma diyA / ( 10 )

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DaoN0 pU0 dharmazIlAjI ma0 kA janma I0 san 1939 bhAdaprada vada amAvasyA yAnI kisAna logoM kA bar3A tyohAra polA aura paryuSaNa parva ke tIsare dina 'kAnhUra paThAra' (ji0 ahamadanagara) gAMva meM huA / ApazrIjI kA nAma 'vimala' rakhA gayA / ApazrIjI kI bhAgyazAlI mAtAjI kastUrabAI ke pA~ca kanyAeM aura tIna putra haiM / unakI pITha para bhAI hone se vimalabAI ghara meM sabase jyAdA lAr3alI thIM / ApazrI ke mAtA-pitA kI icchA isa bAlikA ko khUba par3hAne kI thI, paraMtu usa jamAne meM lar3akI ko jyAdA par3hAne kI paramparA nahIM thI / parantu 'honahAra biravAna ke hota cIkane pAta" isa ukti ke anusAra, bacapana se hI ApazrIjI kI pratibhA advitIya hone se ApazrIjI ko khUba par3hAne kA nirNaya kiyA gayA, paraMtu jaba ApazrI chaThI kakSA meM thIM, taba pAThazAlA meM vizvasaMta pU0 ujjvalakumArIjI mahAsatI jI kA vyAkhyAna huA / unake upadeza se aura pUrva saMskAra ke kAraNa vimalAbAI kA vairAgya dRr3ha huA aura unhoMne skUla jAnA chor3a diyA / vairAgya-bhAvanA jAgRta hone para ghara meM mAtAzrI-pitAjI se ApazrIjI ne kahA ki mujhe dIkSA lene kI icchA huI hai / paraMtu sAta pIr3hiyoM meM kisI ne bhI dIkSA ko aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA thA / isalie dIkSA kA nAma sunate hI unheM bhUkaMpa ke samAna dhakkA lagA aura khUba virodha huA, parantu ApazrIjI kA svayaM kA nirNaya dRr3ha honese Apane vividha prakAra kI kasauTiyoM kA mukha mor3a diyA aura meru parvata ke samAna aDiga rahIM / dasa varSa kI bAla Ayu meM Apa pU0 ujjvalakumArIjI mahAsatIjI ke sAnidhya meM rahane lagIM / Apa dIkSA na leM isalie tIna dina Apako eka kamare meM baMda karake rakhA gayA / bhojana, pAnI kucha bhI nahIM diyA gayA / kyoMki aisA karane para Apa dIkSA nahIM leMgI aisA mAtA-pitA ko lagA / paraMtu kisI bhI paristhiti meM ApazrIjI ne apanA vicAra nahIM badalA, isalie mAtApitA ko dIkSA kI AjJA denI hI par3I / 29 disambara, 1958 I0 mArgazIrSa sudI ekAdazI yAnI mauna ekAdazI ke dina AcArya samrATa 1005 gurudeva pU0 AnaMdaRSijI ma0 ke mukhAraviMda se ahamadanagara kI pAvana bhUmi para pU0 zrI ujjvalakumArIjI mahAsatIjI ke sAnnidhya meM jaina bhAgavatI dIkSA mahotsava saMpanna huA / dIkSA ke bAda ApazrI kA nAma dharmazIlAjI mahAsatIjI rakhA gayA / ApazrIjI ne pUjya zrI AnaMdaRSijI ma0, vizvasaMta guruNI maiyA pU0 ujjvalakumArIjI mahAsatIjI tathA AtmArthI gurudeva pU0 mohanaRSijI ma0, adhyAtma yogI zramaNasaMghIya maMtrI pU0 zrI0 vinayaRSijI ma0 aura vAtsalya-vAridhi guruNI maiyAjI kI mAtAjI pU0 candanabAlAjI mahAsatIjI ke mArgadarzana meM apanA dhArmika aura anya zikSaNa zurU kiyA / dIkSA grahaNa karate samaya ApazrI sirpha chaThI kakSA taka par3hI thIM / paraMtu bAda meM esa0 esasI0 se lekara ema0 e0 pI-eca0 DI0 taka kA adhyayana ApazrIjIne ahamadanagara meM kiyA / pUjya mahAsatIjI hindI meM 'sAhitya ratna', saMskRta meM 'kovida' kI parIkSAeM uccAMkoM se uttIrNa kI haiM / isa prakAra hindI, marAThI, gujarAtI, aMgrejI, saMskRta,pAli, prAkRta Adi saba bhASAoM para ApazrIjI kA asAdhAraNa prabhutva hai / pUjya mahAsatIjI jaba vyAkhyAna detI haiM taba kevala unakI vidvattA hI dikhAI nahIM detI, (11)

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varan AtmA ke caitanya kI vizuddhi kA raNakAra unake aMtara se AtA hai / ApazrIjI dharma ke tattva ko; zabdArtha - bhAvArtha aura gUr3hArtha ko dRSTAntoM dvArA isa prakAra samajhA detI haiM ki zrotAvRnda unakI vANI se maMtramugdha ho jAte haiM / ve apUrva zAnti se dharmAmRta dhArA kA rasapAna karate haiM / pU0 DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI mahAsatIjI ne Aja ke yuga kI AvazyakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jaina dharma kI sabase mahattvapUrNa pustaka 'pratikramaNa sUtra' kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA hai / guruNImaiyA pU0 DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI ma0 ke caraNoM meM zata zata vaMdana / "AbhA kA kAgaja karU~, lekhanI karUM vanarAya, samudra kI syAhI karU~, guru guNa likhA na jAya / " ApazrIjI kI ziSyAe~ mahAsatIjI cAritrazIlA, vivekazIlA, puNyazIlA, bhaktizIlA / ( 12 )

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AN rAmacaMdajI ziMgavI kastUrabAI ziMgavI zodhArthI DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI ma0 zrIjI ke mAtA-pitA kA paricaya DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI ma0 zrIjI kI mAtA zrImatI kastUrabAI aura pitAzrI rAmacaMdajI ziMgavI the / Apa kA jIvana karuNA, mAnavatA, anukampA se bharA purA thA / apanI saMtAnoM meM saMskAra dene kA kAma unhoMne bacapana se hI kiyA / "sAdA jIvana, ucca vicAra' aisA unakA jIvana thA / ve svayaM vaisA jIvana jie aura apanI saMtAnoM ko vaisA jIvana jInA sikhAyA / Apake pAMca putriyA~-basaMtIbAI, jayakavarabAI, kamalabAI, vimalabAI aura badAmabAI haiM aura tIna putra popaTalAla, subAlAla aura ramaNalAla haiM / vimala bahana ne dIkSA grahaNa kI taba unakA nAma dharmazIlAjI rakhA gayA / mAtA-pitA ne apanI lAr3alI, advitIya kanyA ko jina zAsana ko samarpita kiyA / ApazrI ne apane vaktRtva aura kartRtva se zramaNa saMgha ko ujjvala banAyA hai / mAtA-pitA ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa hI hama apane jIvana meM dharma-patha para calane lage / 'mAnava-sevA yahI prabhusevA' 'saMtasevA yahI jina-zAsana kI sevA ! ina vicAroM ko apane jIvana meM utArane kI hamane koziza kI hai / hamArI bar3I bahana basaMtIbAI ne bhI 16 varSa pUrva dIkSA grahaNa kI / unakA nAma vivekazIlAjI ma0 rakhA gayA / jayakaMvarabAI kI kanyA maMgalA ne bhI 16 varSa pUrva dIkSA grahaNa kI / unakA nAma 'puNyazIlA' rakhA gayA / hamAre parivAra meM aisI tIna dIkSAe~ ho cukI haiM / isakA sArA zreya hamAre mAtA-pitA ko hai / aise dRr3hadharmI mAtA-pitA kA RNa hama kabhI nahIM cukA sakeMge / unheM hamAre koTi-koTi praNAma / popaTalAla, suvAlAla, ramaNalAla ziMgavI (13)

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AcArya samrATa devendramunijI ma0 kA zubha saMdeza bhAratIya sAhitya kA gaharAI se anuzIlana, parizIlana karane para hameM spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ para 'tattva' zabda ke saMbaMdha meM vizada rUpa meM cintana kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana meM 'tattva' ke artha meM tattva, tattvArtha, artha, padArtha, dravya, sat, sattva Adi vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ye zabda eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI bhI rahe haiM / jaina (dharma) darzana meM jo tattva hai, vaha sat hai, aura jo sat hai, vaha dravya hai / bhagavatI, prajJApanA, uttarAdhyayana Adi AgamoM meM tattvoM kI saMkhyA nava batalAI gaI hai / samayAbhAva ke kAraNa hama una sabhI para yahA~ vicAra na kara yaha batAnA cAheMge ki 'tattva' jaina darzana kA merudaNDa hai / mujhe yaha AzA hai ki jaina-jagat kI bahuAyAmI pratibhA kI dhanI sAdhvI ratna zrI ujjvalakumArIjI kI suziSyA sAdhvI zrI dharmazIlAjI ne 'navatattva' para jo zodha-prabaMdha likhA hai, vaha jana-jana ke lie upayogI siddha hogA / isameM mahAsatIjI dharmazIlAjI kA kaThina zrama mukharita hai / mujhe zramaNa saMgha kI aisI paramaviduSI sAdhvIratna para sAtvika garva hai aura merI yaha maMgala manISA hai ki ve apanI tejasvI pratibhA se anya dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika viSayoM para jama kara likheM / AzA hai unakA yaha zodha -prabandha sabake lie cintana kI sAmagrI prastuta karegA / (14)

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viSayAnukrama adhyAya prathama adhyAya- prastAvanA tattva kyA hai ?, tattva kI mAnyatA, tattva kitane haiM ?, tattva sAta yA nau ? dvitIya adhyAya- jIvatattva mukhya tattva do- jIva aura ajIva, jIvatattva ko hI agrasthAna kyoM ?, AtmavAda kI utkrAMti kA itihAsa, anya darzanoM kI mAnyatA, jIva kA lakSaNa, upayoga ke bheda, jIva ke anya lakSaNa, jIva ke bheda, cetanA ke tIna bheda, jIva ke bhAva, jIva ke tIna bhAva, jIvoM kI saMkhyA, jIva kI zAzvatatA, saMsArI jIva ke anya do bheda, trasa jIva ke cAra bheda, nArakI, manuSya, tiryaMca, deva, sthAvara jIva ke bheda, pRthvI Adi kI sajIvatA, jIva-ajIva vastu vistAra, mana ke bheda, zarIra ke bheda, deha parimANa jIva, jIva aura karma, Adhunika vijJAna aura jIvatattva, jIva kA vikAsa-krama, AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi, vibhinna vaijJAnikoM ke AtmA viSayaka vicAra | tRtIya adhyAya- ajIva tattva ajIvatattva, dravya ke lakSaNa, dravya kA svarUpa, dravya kA kSetrapramANa, rUpI - arUpI dravya, pratyeka dravya kA astitva, astikAya kA artha, 'pradeza' kA artha, dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, avagAhana - siddhi, kAla dravya, samasta dravyoM para kAla dravya ke upakAra, nizcaya kAla aura vyavahAra kAla, pudgala pudgala kI vyAkhyA, pudgala ke do bheda - aNu aura skaMdha, paramANuoM kI sUkSmatA, Adhunika vijJAna meM paramANu, pudgala ke bIsa guNa, aNuvAda, grIsa kA aNuvAda, jaina aura vaizeSika kA aNuvAda | caturtha adhyAya- puNya tattva aura pApa tattva 'puNya-pApa' kI vyAkhyAeM, pUrvakRta pApa-puNya, dravya puNya bhAvapuNya, puNya ke aura do bheda, 'puNya' ke nau bheda, 'puNya' kA phala, sukhaprApti 'puNya' ke kAraNa hI, puNya kI mahimA, saccA puNyavAna ( 15 ) pRSTha 1-10 11-65 66-106 107-156

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kauna?, 'upayoga' kyA hai?, zubhopayoga aura azubhopayoga, puNyapApa carcA, cAra vAdoM kA nirAkaraNa, svabhAvavAda kA nirAsa-svataMtravAda svIkArya, puNya-pApa meM aMtara, pApa kI heyatA, pApa kaba hotA hai?, dravyapApa aura bhAvapApa, pApa ke aThAraha bheda, pApa kA phala, puNyapApa kalpanA viSayaka vidvAnoM ke vicAra, puNya-pApa kA astitva, puNya-pApa kI kasauTI, anya sthAna para pApa-puNya, viveka yahI punny| paMcama adhyAya- Astrava tattva 'Asrava' tattva aura AsravadvAra, Asrava dvAra yA baMdha hetu, 'puNyAsrava' aura 'pApAsava', 'dravyAsrava' aura 'bhAvAsrava', IryApatha aura sAMparAyika Asrava, 'Asrava' kI saMkhyA, 'Asrava ke pA~ca bheda, 'pramAda' ke pA~ca bheda, 'kaSAya' ke bheda, 'yoga' ke bheda, 'Asrava' ke bIsa bheda, 'Asrava' ke bayAlIsa bheda, praznavyAkaraNa aura Asrava dvAra, 'Asrava aura 'saMvara' meM bheda, 'Asrava' aura 'baMdha' meM bheda, bauddha sAhitya meM 'Asrava', 'Asrava' aura 'karma' bhinna-bhinna haiM, 'nirAsravI' kaise honA 157-191 192-247 SaSTha adhyAya- 'saMvara' tattva 'saMvara' kI vyAkhyAeM, 'saMvRtta' AtmA aura 'Asrava' AtmA, saMvara ke saMbaMdha meM kucha udAharaNa, mokSa mArga ke lie 'saMvara' uttama guNaratna hai, 'saMvara' ke do bheda, 'saMvara' ke pAMca bheda, samyaktva, samyaktva kA lakSaNa, samyaktva kA mahattva, samyaktva ke bheda, samyaktva ke pAMca aticAra (doSa), 'saMvara' ke bIsa bheda, 'saMvara ke sattAvana bheda' tIna guptiyA~, pA~ca samitiyA~, samiti-gupti kA mahattva, dasa dharma, bauddhoM ke dasa dharma, khrizcanoM ke dasa dharma, hinduoM ke dasa dharma, 'kSamA' ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM ke vicAra, bAraha anuprekSAeM, dvAviMza pariSahajaya pAMca cAritra, 'saMvara' kI mahimA, bauddha darzana meM 'sNvr'| saptama adhyAya- 'nirjarA' tattva 'nirjarA' kI vyAkhyA, 'nirjarA kA svarUpa, 'nirjarA' ke do bheda. 'nirjarA ke bAraha bheda, bAhya aura abhyaMtara tapa kA samanvaya, vijJAnayuga meM 'dhyAna' kA mahattva, 'tapa' kA maahaatmy| aSTama adhyAya- 'baMdha' tattva 'baMdha' kI vyAkhyAeM, 'baMdha' kA svarUpa, 'baMdha' ke kAraNa, 'dravyabaMdha' 248-288 289-335

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aura 'bhAvabaMdha, 'baMdha' ke cAra bheda, prakRtibaMdha ke (karma ke) ATha bheda, 'ghAtI karma' aura aghAtI karma, ATha karmoM kA krama, 'karma' zabda kI vyutpattiyA~, 'karma' zabda ke vividha artha, karma siddhAnta, karma saMkramaNa, karmabaMdha prakriyA, karma aura akarma, zubha aura azubha karma, dravya karma aura bhAvakarma, karmavAda, karma kI avasthAeM, bhAgya parivartana kI prakriyA karaNa, karaNa jJAna kI upayogitA, karma carcA, baMdha- mokSa carcA, baMdha se mukti / - navama adhyAya- mokSa tattva mokSa kA svarUpa, mokSa prApti ke upAya, mokSa kA lakSaNa, mokSa kA vivecana, vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa, mokSa- eka vizleSaNa, mokSa mImAMsA, dravyamokSa aura bhAvamokSa, karmakSaya kA krama, karma kI nirjarA, karma kA aMta, mokSoM ke nAma, siddhasthAna kA svarUpa, mokSa mArga ke sambandha meM mAnyatAeM, mokSa mArga, samyaktva, samyaktva ke doSa, samyaktva ke ATha aMga, samyak darzana kA svarUpa, samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak jJAna ke bheda, samyak jJAna ke doSa kA svarUpa, samyagjJAna aura mithyAjJAna, samyak cAritra, cAritrya ke do bheda, samyagdarzana aura samyak, jJAna kA pUrvApara sambandha, mokSa mArga kA samanvaya, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kA pUrvApara sambandha, anya darzana ke trividha sAdhanA mArga, trividha sAdhanA mArga aura mukti, siddha kise kaheM ?, siddhoM ke bheda, siddha AtmAoM ke nAma, siddha AtmA kA svarUpa, siddhoM ko sukha, karma kSaya ke bAda ke kArya, mokSa kI siddhatA / dazama adhyAya - upasaMhAra jIvatattva, nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kA jIvatattva, vedAnta darzana kA jIvatattva, sAMkhya- yoga darzana kA jIvatattva, mImAMsA darzana kA jIvatattva, cArvAka darzana kA jIvatattva, bauddha darzana kA jIvatattva, jaina darzana kA jIvatattva aura anya darzanoM meM jaina darzana kA vaiziSTya, ajIvatattva, puNyatattva - pApatattva, Asrava tattva aura saMvara tattva, nirjarA tattva, baMdha tattva, mokSa tattva, jaina darzana kA mokSa tattva aura anya darzanoM meM jaina darzana kA vaiziSTya / citroM kI jAnakArI aura citra ( 17 ) 336-406 407-440 441-444

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saMskRta graMthAMtargata jaina darzana ke navatattva

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prathama adhyAya prastAvanA Aja kA yuga vijJAnayuga hai| isa yuga meM vijJAna zIghra gati se Age bar3ha rahA hai| vijJAna ke navanavIna aviSkAra vizvazAMti kA AhvAna kara rahe haiN| saMhAraka astra-zastra vidyutagati se nirmita ho rahe haiM / Aja mAnava bhautika spardhA ke maidAna meM tIvra gati se daur3a rahA hai| mAnava kI mahattvAkAMkSA Aja dAnava ke samAna bar3ha rahI hai / pariNAmataH vaha mAnavatA ko bhUlakara nirjIva yaMtra banatA calA jA rahA hai| vijJAna ke tUphAna ke kAraNa dharmarUpI dIpaka tathA tattvajJAnarUpI dIpaka karIba-karIba bujhane kI avasthA taka pahu~ca gaye haiM aisI paristhiti meM AtmazAMti tathA vizvazAMti ke lie vijJAna kI upAsanA ke sAtha tattvajJAna kI upAsanA bhI ati Avazyaka haiN| ' Aja do khaNDa Amane-sAmane ke jharokhoM ke samAna karIba A gae haiM 1 vijJAna manuSya ko ekadUsare ke najadIka lAyA hai, parantu eka-dUsare ke lie sneha aura sadbhAva kama ho gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, mAnava hI mAnava kA saMhAraka bana gayA hai / vijJAna kA vikAsa vividha zaktiyoM ko pAra kara aNu ke kSetra meM pahu~ca cukA hai| mAnava jala, sthala tathA nabha para vijaya prApta kara ananta antarikSa meM candramA para pahu~ca cukA hai| itanA hI nahIM, aba to maMgala tathA zukra graha para pahu~cane ke prayAsa bhI jArI haiN| 1 bhautikatA ke varcasva ne mAnava hRdaya kI sukomala vRttiyoM, zraddhA, sneha, dayA, paropakAra, nItimattA, sadAcAra tathA dhArmikatA Adi ko kuMThita kara diyA hai| mAnava ke AdhyAtmika aura naitika jIvana kA avamUlyana ho rahA hai| vijJAna kI bar3hatI huI udyama zakti ke kAraNa vizva vinAza ke kagAra para A pahu~cA hai| aNu-AyudhoM ke kAraNa kisI bhI kSaNa vizva kA vinAza ho sakatA hai / aisI viSama paristhiti meM AzArUpI eka hI aisA dIpa hai jo duniyAM ko pralaya rUpI aMdhakAra meM mArga dikhA skegaa| vaha AzArUpI dIpa hai- tattvajJAna / vijJAna ke sAtha agara tattvajJAna jur3a jAye to vijJAna vinAza ke sthAna para vikAsa kI dizA meM bar3hegA / vijJAna kI zakti para tattvajJAna kA aMkuza hogA tabhI vizvabhara meM sukha-zAMti rahegI / tattvajJAna amRtatulya rasAyana hai| vahI isa vizva ko asantoSa aura azAMti kI vyAdhi se mukta kara sakatA hai|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vijJAna ke kAraNa bhautika sAdhanoM kI bar3I unnati huI hai| unake kAraNa mAnava ko bAhya sukha to prApta huA hai, lekina AdhyAtmika duniyA meM koI khAsa parivartana nahIM huA hai| Aja vijJAna kI jitanI upAsanA ho rahI hai, utanI hI tattvajJAna kI upekSA ho rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnava ko AtmazAMti prApta nahIM ho rahI hai| tattvajJAna ke kAraNa aisI zAMti prApta hotI hai jisase saMsAra ke sAre pApa, tApa, santApa dUra hote haiM tathA zItalatA prApta hotI hai| pAzcAtya dezoM meM saMpatti khUba hai, bhautika sukha khUba hai phira bhI vahA~ eksIDeMTa adhika hote haiM, pAgalapana kA pramANa bhI vahA~ adhika hai aura anidrA ke roga bhI vahA~ bar3e paimAne para dikhAI dete haiN| isakA kAraNa kevala eka hI hai aura vaha hai- tattvajJAna kA abhaav| jise adhyAtma kA jJAna hotA hai, tattvajJAna kI samajha hotI hai, vaha mAnava kisI bhI paristhiti meM mana meM samAdhAna rakha sakatA hai, saMtoSa dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| phira use abhAva, taMgI, iSTa-viyoga, aniSTa-saMyoga Adi kA duHkha nahIM ho sktaa| jIvana meM zvAsocchvAsa ke samAna hI tattvajJAna kI AvazyakatA hai| isalie maiMne apane zodha-prabaMdha kA viSaya "jaina-darzana ke navatattva" cunA hai| Aja vijJAna jIvana ke saba kSetroM meM pragati kara usameM khUba krAMti aura utkrAMti lAyA hai| vaijJAnika AviSkAroM ke kAraNa mAnava zaktizAlI banA hai, yaha nirvivAda satya hai| parantu isa zakti kA upayoga kisa prakAra karanA hai isakA nizcaya vijJAna nahIM kara sktaa| zakti kA upayoga vikAsa ke lie karanA hai yA vinAza ke lie yaha mAnava ke hAtha meM hai| yaha nirNaya lene meM tattvajJAna aura adhyAtma mAnava ke mArgadarzaka ho sakate haiN| vikhyAta zAstrajJa tathA gaNitajJa albarTa AinsTIna ne aNuzakti kA aviSkAra kiyaa| yaha aNuzakti jisa mUla dravya se nirmita hotI hai, vaha dasa pauNDa yUreniyama saMsAra ko eka mahIne taka bijalI upalabdha karA sakatA hai aura mAnava-jIvana adhika sukhI kara sakatA hai| parantu vahI yUreniyama aiTama bama taiyAra karane ke lie upayoga meM lAyA jAye to mAnava- jIvana naSTa bhI ho sakatA hai| amerIkA ne aNuzakti kA upayoga karake aNubama taiyAra kiye aura hirozimA tathA nAgAsAkI ina do jApAnI zaharoM para unheM girAkara lAkhoM logoM kA jIvana dhvasta kiyaa| isalie mAnavIya pragati agara sacce artha meM ho to vijJAna aura tattvajJAna kA sAtha Avazyaka hai| vijJAna aura tattvajJAna pragati ke ratha

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ke do pahie haiN| ratha calAne ke lie jisa prakAra do pahie Avazyaka hote haiM, usI prakAra pragati ke kadama sahI dizA meM bar3hAne ke lie vijJAna aura tattvajJAna kA sAtha athyAvazyaka hai| vijJAnarUpI moTara ke lie tattvajJAna rUpI sTiyariMga-vhIla anivArya hai| isalie vaijJAnika pragati ke sAtha tAttvika pragati honA bhI Avazyaka hai| tattvajJAna ko jIvana meM utArakara hI sacce artha meM unnati ho sakatI hai| yaha satya hote hue bhI tattvajJAna kauna-sA hai, yaha bhI eka bar3A prazna hai| prAcIna kAla se hI isa tattva kI khoja ke prayatna jArI haiN| veda, upaniSad, pracIna tattvacintaka, gautama buddha, bhagavAn mahAvIra jaisI mahAn vibhUtiyoM ne isa saMbaMdha meM aneka prayatna kie haiN| unameM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nava (nau) tattvoM kA parizIlana prastuta prabaMdha kA viSaya hone se usa saMbaMdha meM Avazyaka saMzodhana karane kA yaha eka prayatna hai| ___ nava tattvoM kI kalpanA prAcIna hote hue bhI unakI sadA, saba kAloM meM AvazyakatA hai| jisa prakAra pAnI aura havA anAdi hote hue bhI unake binA kisI bhI kAla meM munaSya kA kAma nahIM cala sakatA, usI prakAra nava tattvoM kI kalpanA ati prAcIna hone para bhI saba kAloM meM atyaMta Avazyaka hai| manuSya ko janma, jarA, maraNa, Adhi-vyAdhi-upAdhi Adi duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie nava tattvoM ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai| ina nava tattvoM ke jJAna ke binA mAnava duHkhoM se mukta nahIM ho sakatA, aisA jaina-darzana kA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai| prANimAtra mukti cAhatA hai| prANimAtra ke sAre prayatna duHkhamukti aura sukhaprApti ke lie hI haiN| isalie nava tattvoM kA jJAna pratyeka mAnava ke lie Avazyaka hai| nava tattvoM kI kalpanA prAcIna hai isakA ullekha Agama graMthoM meM milatA hai| ina tattvoM ke yathArtha jJAna se mAnava kA padArtha-viSayaka saMzaya dUra hotA hai| saMzaya dUra hone se tattva para zraddhA hotI hai| zuddha zraddhA hone se mAnava punaH pApa nahIM krtaa| jaba punaH pApa nahIM hotA, taba AtmA saMvRtta hotA hai| saMvRtta AtmA (zuddha AtmA) tapa ke dvArA saMcita kamoM kA kSaya karake kramazaH tathA samasta kamoM kA pUrNa kSaya karake (saba duHkhoM kA anta karake) anta karake meM mokSa ko prApta hotA hai| tattva kise kahate haiM ? nava (nau) tattvoM kA vivecana karane se pahale 'tattva' kise kahate haiM yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai| veda, upaniSad aura anya bhAratIya sAhitya meM tattva ke saMbaMdha

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva meM gaharAI se anuzIlana-parizIlana kiyA gayA hai| "tat' zabda se "tattva" zabda banA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM "tat" zabda sarvanAma hai| sarvanAma zabda sAmAnya artha ke vAcaka hote haiN| "tat' zabda se bhAva artha meM 'tva' pratyaya lagAkara "tattva" zabda banatA hai| isakA artha hai- "usakA bhaav"| 'tasya bhAvaH tattvam' arthAt vastu ke svarUpa ko tattva kahA jAtA hai| veda, upaniSad aura darzana sAhitya meM "tattva" kI kalpanA gaMbhIra cintana kA viSaya hai| cintana-manana kI zurUAta tattva se hI hotI hai| kiM tattvam ? tattva kyA hai ? yahI jijJAsA tattvadarzana kA mUla hai| laukika dRSTi se "tattva" zabda ke artha nimnalikhita hote haiM - vAstavika sthiti, yathArthatA, sAravastu aura saaraaNsh| dArzanika cintakoM ne prastuta athoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI paramArtha, dravyasvabhAva, para-apara, dhyeya, zuddha, param ina arthoM meM bhI 'tattva' zabda kA upayoga kiyA hai|' sAMkhyamata ke anusAra saMsAra ke mUla kAraNa ke rUpa meM 'tattva' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| samasta darzanoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| saba kA kathana yahI hai ki jIvana meM tattvoM kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| jIvana aura tattva paraspara saMbaMdhita haiN| tattvoM se jIvoM ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura tattvoM ke abhAva meM jIvana gatizIla nahIM ho sktaa| jIvana se tattvoM ko alaga karanA AtmA ke astittva ko nakAranA hai| tattvoM kI mAnyatA saMpUrNa bhAratIya darzana tattvoM ke AdhAra para hI avasthita haiN| Astika darzanoM meM hara eka darzana ne apanI-apanI paraMparAoM ko tattvamImAMsA aura tattva vicAra kA AdhAra diyA hai| bhautikavAdI cArvAka-darzana ne bhI tattvoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| vaha pRthvI, jala, vAyu aura agni ina cAra tattvoM ko mAnatA hai| vaizeSika-darzana sAta padArtha mAnatA hai- dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhaav| nyAyadarzana ne solaha padArtha mAne haiM1- pramANa, 2- prameya, 3- saMzaya, 4- prayojana, 5- dRSTAnta, 6- siddhAnta, 7- avayava, 8- tarka, EUR- nirNaya, 10- vAda, 11- jalpa, 12- vitaNDA, 13- hetvAbhAsa, 14- chala, 15- jAti, 16- nigrhsthaan|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sAMkhya-darzana ne paccIsa tattva svIkAra kiye haiN| pA~ca jJAnendriya, pA~ca karmendriya, pA~ca tanmAtrA, pA~ca mahAbhUta, puruSa, prakRti, ahaMkAra, mana aura mahattattva (buddhitttv)| mAdhva saMpradAya meM tattvoM kI saMkhyA dasa hai - dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, viziSTa, aMzI, zakti, sAdRzya aura abhaav| mImAMsA-darzana tIna avayavoM ko svIkAra karatA hai- pratijJA hetu aura udaahrnn| yoga-darzana sAMkhyamata-sammata tattvoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| vedAnta-darzana ekamAtra 'brahma' ko sat mAnatA hai aura zeSa saba kucha asat mAnatA haiN| advaita-vedAnta- dravya, guNa, karma (kriyA) aura sAmAnya (jAti) ina cAra padAthoM ko mAnakara zabdabrahma ko eka mAtra tattva mAnatA hai| bauddha-darzana ne cAra Arya satya svIkAra kiye haiM- 1- duHkha, 2- duHkhasamudAya, 3- duHkhanirodha 4- duHkhnirodh-maarg| jaina-darzana meM mukhya tattva do batAye gaye hai- 1- jIva tathA 2- ajIva / ina do tattvoM kA vistAra nava (nau) tattvoM meM huA hai| ina nava (nau) tattvoM ke jJAna se AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai, jIva ziva bana sakatA hai tathA nara nArAyaNa bana sakatA hai| jaina darzana ke nava (nau) tattva nimnalikhita haiM :1- jIvatattva, 2- ajIvatattva, 3- puNyatattva, 4- pApatattva, 5- Asravatattva, 6- saMvaratattva, 7- nirjarAtattva, ra- bandhatattva, 6- moksstttv| 1- jIva (tattva) - jisameM caitanya (jAnane aura dekhane kI zakti) hai use jIva kahate 2- ajIva (tattva) - jo caitanya se rahita hai, vaha ajIva hai| 3- puNya - satkoM dvArA lAe gae karma arthAt prazasta karmapudgala puNya haiN| 4- pApa - puNya ke viparIta aprazasta karmapudgala pApa haiN| 5- Asrava - karmapraveza kA dvAra aura karmabaMdha kA kAraNa mithyAtvAdi Asrava hai| 6- saMvara - Asrava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahate hai| 7- baMdha - jIva aura karma kA mila jAnA baMdha hai| - nirjarA - ba~dhe hue karma kA aMzataH kSaya nirjarA hai| t- mokSa - saba karmoM se chUTa jAnA aura sAre karma naSTa honA mokSa hai|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva tattva kitane haiM ? tattva kitane haiM isa prazna kA uttara alaga-alaga graMthoM ne alaga-alaga diyA hai| saMkSipta aura vistAra kI dRSTi se pratipAdana kI tIna mata praNAliyA~ haiN| pahalI mata-praNAlI ke anusAra tattva do haiM- jIva aura ajiiv| dUsarI mata-praNAlI ke anusAra tattva sAta haiM- jIva, ajIva, Asava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa / dArzanika graMthoM meM pahalI aura dUsarI mata-praNAlI milatI haiN| Agama-sAhitya meM tIsarI mata-praNAlI upalabdha hai| sthAnAMgasUtra Adi meM do rAziyoM kA bhI ullekha haijIvarAzi aura ajiivraashi| 'dravyasaMgraha' meM tattvoM ke do bheda batAye gaye haiN|' . AcArya zrI umAsvAti ne tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ke prathama adhyAya ke cauthe sUtra meM sAta tattvoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- jIva, ajIva, Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokss| puNya aura pApa ina kA Asrava yA baMdha tattva meM samAveza kara tattvoM kI saMkhyA sAta mAnI gaI hai| prazna upasthita hotA hai ki umAsvAti jaise mahAn AcArya ne sAta tattva mAne haiM to phira maiM nau tattva kyoM kahatA hU~ ? isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMpUrNa Agama-sAhitya aura kucha Agamottara graMthoM meM nau tattva mAne gaye haiN| svayaM AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI 'prazamarati-prakaraNa' meM nau padArtha batAe haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, sthAnAMgasUtra, samavAyAMgasUtra, AcArya kundakunda kA samayasAra, haribhadra kA SaDdarzanasamuccaya tathA paMcAstikAya meM bhI nau tattvoM kA hI ullekha haiN| tattva sAta yA nau ? prazna upasthita hotA hai ki tattva nau hI kyoM ? sAta kyoM nahIM? vastutaH isameM kucha bhI virodha nahIM hai| jIva hI usakA ekameva kAraNa hai| sAta tattvoM ko mAnane vAle puNya-pApa kA niSedha karake sAta tattvoM ko hI mAneMge aisA nahIM hai apitu Agnava tattva meM puNya-pApa kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki "sAta tattva haiM bhI aura nahIM bhii"| puNya-pApa-tattvAnurUpa aisA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki tattva nau hI haiM, sAta nhiiN|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAnta-dRSTi se aura syAdvAda-dRSTi se kahA hai ki jaba isa bAta para sarvakaSa vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, taba yaha nirNaya liyA jAtA hai ki (pratyeka padArtha) "vastusApekSa hai"| eka vyakti adhika jJAna ke kSayopazama kA kAraNa jIva ko samajhakara muktimArga kA nirNaya karane meM samartha banatA hai| dUsarA vyakti jIva-ajIva tattva ko samajhane meM kAmayAba hotA hai| tIsarA vyakti sAta tattvoM ko samajhane meM samartha hotA hai| maMdabuddhi logoM ko nau tattvoM ke dvArA vastusthiti kI jAnakArI denI hotI hai| mere mata me saMsAra meM (vizva meM) nAnA prakAra ke jIva haiN| unakI dRSTi bhI alaga-alaga hai paraMtu jJAna kA itanA kSayopazama nahIM hai ki jIva tattva ko yA jIva-ajIva tattva ko yA sAta tattvoM ko samajhakara vastusthiti kA nirNaya kiyA jA . ske| isalie Aja ke yuga meM navatattvoM kA pratipAdana karane para hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke maulika siddhAntoM kA Akalana ho sakatA hai| yaha gahana dRSTikoNa hI nau tattvoM kA adhiSThAna hai| sAta tattvoM aura nau tattvoM kI mAnyatA meM tattvataH kucha bhI bheda nahIM hai| tattva sAta hoM yA nau- inakA aMtarbhAva jIva-ajIva [Soul and Matter] meM hI ho jAtA hai| paraMtu jJeya, heya aura upAdeya ko samajhane ke lie tattvoM kA bhinna-bhinna prakAra se nirUpaNa Avazyaka hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se tattva tIna prakAra ke haiM- jJeya, heya aura upaadey| jo jAnane yogya hai vaha hai jJeya (jJAMtu yogyaM jJeyam), jo chor3ane yogya hai vaha heya (hAtuM yogyaM heyam) aura jo grahaNa karane yogya hai vaha upAdeya (upAdAtuM yogyaM upAdeyam) hai| jIva aura ajIva donoM jJeya haiN| jo sAdhaka adhyAtmabhAvoM kI sAdhanA karatA hai usa ke lie jIva aura ajIva ina donoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| agara mAnava jIva aura ajIva ko nahIM samajha sakA, taba vaha saMsAra ke svarUpa ko kaise samajha sakegA? sAdhaka ke lie baMdharUpa saMsAra heya hai| narakAdi gati kA duHkha bhI heya hai| usake kAraNa Amrava tathA baMdha ye do padArtha heya haiN| pApa tattva bhI heya hai| puNya tattva mokSa kA sAdhana prApta karane kI dRSTi se aMzataH upAdeya hai| jo avinAzI tathA anaMta sukha hai vaha upAdeya tattva hai usa akSaya, anaMta sukha kA kAraNa mokSa hai aura usa mokSa kA kAraNa saMvara tathA nirjarA haiM isalie ye tattva upAdeya haiN|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva isa prakAra jIva aura ajIva kA jJeya meM aMtarbhAva hotA hai; Amnava, baMdha aura pApa kA heya meM; saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kA upAdeya meN| usI prakAra puNya kA heya, jJeya aura upAdeya ina tInoM meM aMtarbhAva hotA hai| heya, jJeya aura upAdeya tattvoM ko samajhane ke lie nau tattvoM kA nirUpaNa Avazyaka hai| nau tattvoM meM jIvana kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jIva aura ajIva ye do mUla tattva vyakti ko dehAdi paudgalika prapaMca se bhinna antarcetanA kA darzana karAte haiN| Amrava, puNya, pApa aura baMdha ye cAra tattva vyakti ko hamezA baMdhanayukta koM kA, tathA unake kAraNoM se rAga-dveSAdi kA paricaya dete haiN| jisa sAdhanA se jIva rAgadveSa Adi zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara mukti prApta kara sakatA hai, aisI sAdhanA ke lie saMvara aura nirjarA tattva mArgadarzana karate haiM aura yaha mukti sAre kamoM kA hamezA ke lie kSaya hai| nau tattvoM kI zraddhA se mokSamArga kA jJAna hotA haiM kyoMki jIva tattva ke jJAna se yaha samajha meM AtA hai ki 'maiM jIva huuN|' ajIva tattva se yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki zarIrAdi ajIva haiN| puNya tattva ke varNana se yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki sukhadAyaka aura anukUla avasthA kA kAraNa puNya hai| pApa tattva se jJAna hotA hai ki duHkhadAyaka aura pratikUla avasthA kA kAraNa pApa hai| puNya-pApa ke phala se saMsArI-jIva apane ko sukhI aura duHkhI mAnatA hai| pApa-karma aura puNya-karma jaba AtmA ke pAsa baMdha ke lie Ate haiM taba unakA Asrava hotA hai aura AtmA ke praveza ke sAtha jaba ve karma cipakate haiM taba use baMdha kahate haiN| Asrava aura baMdha tattvoM se saMsArI jIva kaise azuddha hotA hai yaha dikhAyA gayA hai| bAda meM saMvara tattva se baMdha ko rokane kA mArga dikhAyA gayA hai| nirjarA tattva se karma se dhIre-dhIre chUTane kA mArga batAyA gayA hai aura mokSa tattva se AtmA karmamukta hokara kaise pavitra banatA hai, yaha dikhAyA gayA hai| ___ isa prakAra nau tattvoM kA jJAna aura una para zraddhA honA mokSa prApti ke lie atyaMta Avazyaka hai| navatattvoM ke jJAna ke binA karmabaMdha ke kAraNa se dUra honA azakya hai, isalie nau tattvoM ko mokSamArga bhI kahA gayA hai| jaina-dharma ko vizvadharma bhI kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki isa dharma meM saba dhoM kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI se rAga-dveSa nahIM, sabhI samAna haiM, rAba dharmoM kI dRSTi sahI hai| kisI ko kisI se matsara nahIM karanA cAhie aisA

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva I syAdvAda isa dharma meM batAyA gayA hai, isalie jaina-dharma vizvadharma ho sakatA jaina-dharma kitanA vizAla hai yaha bAta nimnalikhita zloka se adhika spaSTa hotI haiyasya nikhilAzca doSA na santi sarve guNAzca vidyante / brahamA vA viSNurvA haro vA jino vA namastasmai / / isase nau tattvoM ke jJAna kA vaiziSTya aura jaina dharma kI vizAlatA prakAzita hotI hai / ananta, akSaya, ajara, amara, avyAbAdha, nitya aura zAzvata mokSa prApta karanA hI mAnavamAtra kA mUla dhyeya hai| mokSa kI prApti ke bAda mAnava ke lie kucha bhI prApta karanA zeSa nahIM rahatA kyoMki mokSa hI Atyantika AnaMda kI avasthA hai| 9 9 2 4 sandarbha devendramunizAstrI - jainadarzanaH svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pRSTha 67 tattaM taha paramaTThe davvasahAvaM taheva paramaparaM / dheyaM suddhaM paramaM eyaTThA huti abhihANA / / bRhadnayacakra 4 devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana: svarUpa aura vizleSaNaH pR0 680 pRthivyApastejovAyuriti tattvAni / bRhaspati haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya- pR0 211, bhA- 47 jIvAjIvau tathA puNyaM pApAsravasaMvarau / bandho vinirjarAmokSau navatattvAni tanmate / / mAdhavacArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha prastAvanA pR0 35 haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya caitanyalakSaNo jIvo yazcaitadviparItavAn / - pR0 213 ajIva : sa samAkhyAta : puNyaM satkarmapudgalAH / / 46 / / pR0 213 pApaM tadviparItaM tu mithyAttvadhAstu hetavaH / ye bandhasya sa vijJeya Asravo jinazAsane / / 50 / / pR0 266 saMvarastannirodhastu bandho jIvasya karmaNaH / anyo'nyAnugamAtmA tu yaH saMbandho dvayorapi / / 51 / / pR0 275 baddhasya karmaNaH sAdau yastu sA nirjarA matA / Atyantiko viyogastu, dehAdermokSa ucyate / / 52 / / pR0 278

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2 / jaina-darzana ke nava tattva nemicandrAcArya - bRhadravyasaMgraha - bhA0 pR0 4 jIvamajIvaM davvaM jiNavaravasaheNa jeNa nnidittN| deviMdaviMdavaMdaM vande taM savvadA sirasA / / 1 / / umAsvAti-(anu0 paM0 sukhalAlajI)-tattvArthasUtra, a0 1, sU0 4, pR0 8 jIvAjIvAnavabandhasaMvaranirjarA mokSAstattvam / / 4 / / / umAsvAti - prazamaratiprakaraNam - sUtra 186, adhikAra 11, pR0 60 jIvAjIvAHpuNyaM paapaastrvsNvraaHsnirjrnnaaH| bandho mokSazcaite samyak cintyA navapadArthAH / / 186 / / uttarAdhyayana - 28 bhA0 14 (ka) jIvAjIvA va baMdho ya puNNaM pAvAsavo thaa| saMvaro nijjarA mokkho santee tahiyA nv|| (kha) abhayadevasUriTIkA - sthAnAMgasUtra, ThA0 6, pR0 422 nava sabbhAva payatthA patratA taMjahA jIvA ajIvA puNaNa pAvo Asavo saMvaro nijjarA baMdho mokkho|| abhayadevasUriTIkA - samavAyAMga-pR0 110 jIvAjIvAsavabaMdhazca sNvrnirjraapunnyaapunnymoksssyaatrvpdaarthaan| haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzasamuccaya kA0 47, pR0 211 jIvAjIvau tathA puNyaM paapmaanvsNvrau| bandho vinirjarAmokSau nava tattvAni tanmate / / 47 / / kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - bhA0 108, pR0 171 jIvAjIvA bhAvA puNNaM pAvaM ca AsavaM tesiN| saMvaraNijjarabaMdho mokkho ya haMvati te aTThA / / 108 / / zrImannemicandrAcAryasiddhAMtacakravartI - gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) bhA0 620 pR0 226 Nava ya padatthA jIvAjIvA tAMNa ca punnnnpaavdduNg| AsavasaMvaraNijjarabaMdhA mokkho ya hoMtIti / / 620 / / *

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dvitIya adhyAya jIvatattva [Conscious soul] ____ Aja ke isa vaijJAnika yuga meM buddhijIvI mAnava apane ko zakti sampanna banAne kA satat prayAsa kara rahA hai| kintu usakA mana AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI riktatA (Vacuum) ke kAraNa azAMti se grasita hai| vijJAna se zaktiprApta hotI hai lekina manaHzAnti naSTa hotI hai| vaijJAnika AviSkAroM se mAnava avazya hI zaktizAlI banA hai lekina vaha apanA mAnasika svAsthya bhI kho baiThA hai| jinhoMne dharma ko svIkAra kiyA unheM zAnti kA lAbha to huA, parantu ve anyoM kI tulanA meM zaktihIna siddha hue| jo rASTra zakti aura zAnti donoM ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai, use vijJAna aura tattvavijJAna donoM ko svIkAra karanA hogA kyoMki inameM se eka ke abhAva meM mAnava kI AtmazAnti aura rASTra kI zakti apUrNa rhegii| zAntirahita zakti kruratA aura saMhArakartA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| vijJAna ne mAnava ko jJAna (Knowledge) diyA yaha satya hai, parantu manuSya dharma ke abhAva meM vivekazUnya huA aura bAda meM vivekarahita jJAna se aNubama aura udjana bama kA nirmANa karake usI ne mAnavIya saMskRti para kuThArAghAta kie| isakA sArA doSa vijJAna ke mAthe para thopA gyaa| jJAna ke sAtha viveka kI anivAryatA vaha bhUla gayA isalie zakti bar3ha gaI, parantu zAnti naSTa ho gii| zAMti ke lie vijJAna aura tattvajJAna ke samanvaya kI atIva AvazyakatA hai| isIlie maiMne apane zodha-prabaMdha kA viSaya "jaina-darzana ke nava tattva" cunA hai| . jaina-darzana ke anusAra vizvavyavasthA ko samajhane ke lie SaT dravyoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai, parantu vizeSa AtmajJAna ke lae tathA saba duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie navatattvoM kA vAstavika jJAna atyaMta Avazyaka hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra chaH dravyoM se hI isa pUre vizva kI racanA huI hai| jaina-darzana ke ve chaH dravya nimnalikhita haiM :(1) jIva (2) pudgala (3) dharma (4) adharma (5) AkAza (6) kaal|' inameM se jIva dravya kA vivecana jIvatattva meM hogA aura bAkI pA~ca dravyoM kA vivecana ajIvatattva meM hogaa|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva pUrva meM batAe anusAra mukti ke lie jinakA jJAna Avazyaka hai, ve navatattva nimnalikhita haiM: 12 (1) jIva ( 2 ) ajIva (3) puNya ( 4 ) pApa (5) Asrava ( 6 ) saMvara (7) nirjarA (8) baMdha tathA (6) mokSa / vizva vyavasthA aura tattva - pratipAdana ke hetu alaga-alaga haiM / vizva-vyavasthA kA jJAna na hone para bhI tattvajJAna se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, parantu tattvajJAna ke abhAva meM vizvavyavasthA kA saMpUrNa jJAna nirarthaka hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki mAnava kA antima dhyeya mokSa hai aura usake lie tattvajJAna aparihArya hai / vijJAna ke sAtha tattvajJAna kA vikAsa nahIM huA to mAnava duHkhamukta ho hI nahIM skegaa| isake lie, jisa prakAra vaidyaka zAstra meM caturvyUha ke rUpa meM bImArI ke kAraNa, Arogya aura usake upAya batAe gaye haiM, usI prakAra mokSaprApti ke lie saMsAra, saMsAra kA kAraNa, mokSa aura mokSa ke upAya isa mUlabhUta caturvyUha kA Akalana honA atyaMta Avazyaka haiN| rogI ko sarvaprathama svayaM ko rogI samajhanA Avazyaka hai| jaba taka rogI ko roga kI jAnakArI nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha vaidyakIya jA~ca ke lie pravRtta nahIM hotA / roga kI jAnakArI hone para apanA roga kina davAiyoM se naSTa hogA yaha bAta use jAna lenI cAhie / rogoM kI jAnakArI use vaidyakIya jA~ca ke lie pravRtta karatI hai / roga kisI eka viziSTa kAraNa se yA apathya sevana se utpanna huA hai yaha bhI use mAlUma honA caahie| isase vaha bhaviSya meM apathya AhAra-vihAra ko tyAga kara svayaM ko roga se dUra rakha sakatA hai roga naSTa karane ke upAya ke liye auSadhopacAra kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| yahI jJAna rogoM kA samUla nAza kara sthira Arogya prApta karA sakatA hai| 1 usI prakAra ( 1 ) jIva karmabaddha hai, (2) usakI karmabaddhatA ke kAraNa haiM (3) ve kAraNa TUTa sakate haiM, naSTa ho sakate haiM (4) kAraNa naSTa hone ke aura baMdhana TUTane ke mArga haiN| ina mUlabhUta cAra binduoM para tattvajJAna kI parisamApti . bhAratIya darzana dvArA kI gaI hai| isI prakAra duHkha-mukti ke lie mAnava mAtra ko navatattvoM kA jJAna honA atyanta Avazyaka hai / saMsArI jIva aneka prakAra kI zArIrika tathA mAnasika pIDAe~ bhogatA hai aura unase mukta hone kI icchA karatA hai| isake lie use saMsArarUpI roga ke bar3hane kA kAraNa kyA hai, isakA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| yaha

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13 jaina darzana ke nava tattva rogavRddhi kisa prakAra ruka sakatI hai purAnA roga kisa prakAra dUra ho sakatA hai isakA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai| nIrogI avasthA kA sukha kaisA hotA hai ? saMsAra ke sukha-duHkhoM kA kAraNa kyA hai? ina saba praznoM ke uttara navatattvoM meM milate haiM / saMsAra yAnI sm+sR| janma se mRtyu taka jAnA aura punaH janma prApta honA / saMsAra kA artha saMsaraNa karanA hotA hai| isa prakAra janma - mRtyu ke phere meM ghUmate rahanA hI saMsAra hai / ' jo Atmika Ananda ke zodhaka haiM aura zAnti ke upAsaka haiM, unheM navatattvoM kA rahasya jAnakara cintana-manana karanA caahie| navatattvoM kA jJAna AtmA kI unnati kA vijJAna hai| yaha anekoM janmoM kA spaSTa citra hai / jaina-darzana ke navatattva Upara nirdiSTa cAra binduoM para AdhArita haiN| navatattvoM meM sarvaprathama tattva "jIva" hai aura antima tattva "mokSa" hai| jIva ko mokSa kaise prApta hogA isakA mArga navatattvoM meM dikhAI detA hai 1 jIvatattvoM ke nirUpaNa ke dvArA, mokSa kA adhikArI jIva hai, yaha batAyA gayA hai / ajIva tattva ke nirUpaNa ke dvArA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki saMsAra meM aisA eka tattva hai jo jar3a hai ataH usakA aura mokSa kA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| puNya tattva se mokSa - mArga kA sAdhana prApta hotA hai / pApa tattva se usameM antarAya ( rukAvaTa ) hotA hai yaha bhI usameM batAyA gayA hai / bandha tattva se mokSa ke virodhI bhAva aura Ava tattva se baMdha (duHkha) kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| saMvara tattva se nirodhamArga hai aura nirjarA tattva se mokSa kA krama batAyA gayA hai / ina navatattvoM ke jJAna se AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| inake jJAna ke binA bAhUhya aura Antarika vizva kA Akalana nahIM ho sakatA / vijJAna ke lie bhI use samajhane hetu navatattvoM kA jJAna atyanta Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra vijJAna aura tattvajJAna kI jor3I avibhAjya hai / mukhya tattva do :- jIva aura ajIva mukhya tattva do haiM, isa prakAra ke vicAra dravyasaMgraha, paMcAstikAya, samayasAra, SaDdarzanasamuccaya, tattvArthasUtra, ThANAMga, bhagavatIsUtra, prajJApanAsUtra ( patravaNNA), uttarAdhyayanasUtra Adi Agama tathA Agametara graMthoM meM pAye jAte haiM / jIva aura ajIva ina do tattvoM ke alAvA anya tattva ina donoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga se bane hue haiN| Asrava, bandha, puNya tathA pApa - ye cAra tattva jIva ajIva ke saMyoga se bane haiN| saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa ye tattva ajIva ke viyoga d

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14 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva se bane haiN| mAdhavAcArya ne bhI apane sarvadarzana saMgraha meM isa saMbaMdha meM ullekha kiyA jaina, boddha tathA sAMkhya darzana ke matAnusAra saMsAra ke mUla meM cetana aura acetana do tattva haiN| jainoM ne unheM jIva aura ajIva nAma die haiN| sAMkhya ne puruSa aura prakRti kahA hai| bauddhoM ne nAma aura rUpa kahA hai| jIva tattva ko hI agrasthAna kyoM? sahaja hI yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki ina navatattvoM meM sarvaprathama jIvatattva hI kyoM? isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jIva tattva hI navatattvoM meM mukhya hai| Agama aura Agametara sAhitya meM sarvAdhika varNana jIva tattva kA hI dikhAI detA hai| "jIva" navatattvoM kA caritra-nAyaka hai| jisa prakAra bhaugolika dRSTi se sUrya ke cAroM ora pRthvI akhaNDa ghUmatI rahatI hai usI prakAra AThoM tattva jIvatattva ke cAroM ora akhaNDa ghUmate rahate haiN| isalie jIvatattva ke saba meM pramukha hone ke kAraNa vidvajjanoM aura AgamoM ne use agrasthAna diyA hai| udAharaNArtha tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAtijI ne dasa adhyAyoM meM se cAra adhyAyoM meM jIva tattva kA tathA zeSa cha: adhyAyoM meM anya tattvoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| samasta bhAratIya darzanoM kI nirmiti aura vikAsa Atmatattva ko kendra bindu mAnakara huA hai isalie navatattvoM meM jIva tattva ko sarvaprathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| ___ AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jinhoMne Atmatattva kA pUrI taraha AMkalana kiyA hai unhoMne sampUrNa saMsAra kA Akalana kiyA hai| saMsAra meM aisA eka bhI sthAna nahIM jahA~ jIva kI janma-mRtyu kI ghaTanAe~ na ghaTI hoN| saMsAra meM aisA koI bhI vaibhava nahIM jo jIva ko prApta nahIM huaa| AtmA kI pUrI pahacAna hote hI svAbhAvikatayA pUre saMsAra kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| AtmavAda kI utkrAMti kA itihAsa AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM sUtrakRtAMga meM vividha vicAradhArAoM kA digdarzana kiyA gayA hai| aneka dArzanika isa saMsAra ke mUla meM pA~ca mahAbhUtoM kI sattA mAnate the- pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura aakaash| inake mizraNa se hI Atmatattva kI niSpati hotI hai| boddha sAhitya meM bhI aise dArzanikoM kA ullekha hai jo cAra tattvoM se AtmA kI cetanatA kI utpatti mAnate the| Rgveda ke RSi AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate-karate vicAroM meM DUba jAte haiM aura ghoSaNA karate haiM - maiM kauna hU~?

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15 jaina darzana ke nava tattva " yaha bhI maiM nahIM jAnatA / dArzanika cintana kI isa samasyA meM kabhI puruSa ko, kabhI prakRti ko, kabhI AtmA ko kabhI prANoM ko aura kabhI mana ko AtmA ke rUpa meM dekhA gyaa| phira bhI cintaka kA samAdhAna nahIM huA aura vaha Atmacintana ke kSetra meM nirantara Age bar3hatA rahA : 10 ( 1 ) dehAtmavAda :- Atmacintana ke kramika vikAsa kA citra hameM upaniSadoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| prathama dehAtmavAda utpanna huA / anya saba jar3a padArthoM kI tulanA meM hamAre zarIra ko sphUrti kA vizeSa rUpa se anubhava hotA hai| isalie deha ko hI AtmA mAnA gayA / yaha mata cArvAka darzana kA hai| 1 I (2) bhUtAtmavAda :- jaina Agama aura boddha tripiTaka meM paMca mahAbhUtoM aura caturmahAbhUtoM ko AtmA mAnA gayA hai| yaha siddhAnta dehAtmavAda se milatA hai cArvAka to pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu ina bhUtacatuSTaya ke viziSTa rAsAyanika mizraNa se, zarIra kI utpatti ke samAna, AtmA kI utpatti mAnate the / (3) indriyAtmavAda :- aneka vicArakoM ko 'deha hI AtmA hai' yaha vicAra ThIka nahIM lgaa| unhoMne indriyoM ko AtmA mAnA hai| zarIra meM hone vAlI kriyA ke jo sAdhana haiM unameM indriyoM kA sthAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / isalie ina vicArakoM ne indriyoM ko hI AtmA mAna liyaa| cArvAka darzana ke kucha matAnuyAyI indriyoM ko hI AtmA mAnate the / (4) prANAtmavAda :- cArvAka darzana ke kucha vicArakoM ne prANa ko hI AtmA mAna liyaa| unakA kahanA thA ki nidrA meM sArI iMdriyoM kI pravRtti ruka jAtI hai, parantu sA~sa calatI rahatI hai| sirpha mRtyu ke bAda sA~sa nahIM calatI isalie jIvana meM prANoM kA mahattva sarvAdhika hai / isalie unhoMne prANa ko hI AtmA mAnA / chAndogya upaniSad (3-15-4) meM kahA gayA hai " isa jagat meM jo kucha hai vaha prANa hai|" bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad (1-5-22-23) meM kahA gayA hai " prANa to 99 devoM kA deva hai / "12 : (5) manomaya AtmA kucha cArvAka cintakoM ne prANamaya AtmA ke bAda manomaya AtmA kI kalpanA kI ( taittirIya upaniSad 2 / 3 / sadAnanda ne vendAntasAra meM kahA hai ki taittirIya upaniSad ke "anyo'ntarAtmA manomayaH " ( 2 / 3 ) isa vAkya ke AdhAra para kucha cArvAka mana ko AtmA mAnate haiN| mana ko paramabrahUma samrAT kahA gayA hai (4-1-6) / chAndogya upaniSad meM bhI use brahma kahA gayA hai| I -

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16 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (chA07-3-1) tejobindu upaniSad meM mana ko hI sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai| (tejobindu 5-18-108) (6) prajJAtmA-prajJAnAtmA-vijJAnAtmA :- indriya aura mana donoM prajJA ke binA sarvathA nirarthaka haiN| isalie prajJA kA mahattva indriya aura mana se adhika hai| ataH kucha prajJA ko AtmA mAnate the| prajJAtmA, prajJAnAtmA aura vijJAnAtmA zabda samAnArthaka haiN| isI artha ko lekara AtmA ko prajJAtmA, prajJAnAtmA aura vijJAnAtmA mAnA gayA hai| uparyukta mAnyatAoM meM AtmA ko bhautika tattva mAnA gyaa| usake bAda aisA vicAra-pravAha prArambha huA ki AtmA eka abhautika tattva hai| tattvazodhakoM kA mata "AtmA maulika rUpa se caitanyatattva hai" isakI ora dhIre-dhIre jhukane lgaa| bauddha darzana meM Upara nirdiSTa bhedoM ko mAnA gayA hai| (7) AnandAtmA :- manuSya ke anubhava ke do rUpa haiM - (1) jJAnAnubhava tathA (2) vednaanubhv| jJAna kA saMbaMdha jAnane se aura vedanA kA saMbaMdha bhogane se hai| vedanA ke do prakAra haiM- (1) anukUla tathA (2) prtikuul| pratikUla vedanA kisI ko acchI nahIM lagatI paraMtu anukUla vedanA saba ko acchI lagatI hai| anukUla vedanA kA dUsarA nAma sukha hai aura sukha kI parAkASThA ko "Ananda" kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| bAhya padAthoM ke bhoga se sarvathA nirapekSa anukUla vedanA AtmA kA svarUpa hai| tattvavettAoM ne use hI AtmA kahA (8) cidAtmA (brahmAtmA) :- AnandAtmA ke bAda 'AtmA caitanyamaya hai' yaha kalpanA Age aaii| cidAtmA aura brahmAtmA eka hI tattva ke do nAma haiN| usI prakAra brahma aura AtmA bhI alaga-alaga nahIM haiN| eka hI tattva ke do nAma haiN| isa prakAra cintakoM ne abhautika tattva ke rUpa meM AtmA kA AviSkAra kiyaa| ukta prakAra se bhUta se lekara cetana taka Atma-vicAraNA kI utkrAnti kA itihAsa racA gayA hai| isa cidAtmA ko ajara, akSara, amara, avyaya, aja, nitya, dhruva, zAzvata aura ananta mAnA gayA hai| kaThopaniSad (1-3-15) meM kahA gayA hai ki azabda, asparza, arUpa, avyaya, nitya, agandha, anAdi, ananta tathA dhruva AtmA kA jJAna prApta karake manuSya mRtyu ke mukha se mukta ho jAtA hai|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva isa prakAra bhUta se lekara cetana taka Atma-viSayaka utkrAnti kA itihAsa yahA~ pUrA ho jAtA hai| 13 anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAe~ :sAMkhya, yoga aura vedAnta darzana AtmA ko sthAyI, anAdi, ananta, avikArI, nitya, niSkriya kUTastha aura nitya mAnate haiN| parantu use parivartanIya nahIM maante| SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM kahA gayA hai ki sukha, duHkha aura jJAna AtmA ke dharma nahIM, prakRti ke dharma haiN| sAMkhya AtmA ko kartA nahIM mAnatA kevala bhoktA mAnatA hai| sAMkhya-Agama meM kahA gayA hai "asti puruSo'kartA nirguNo bhoktA cidrUpaH" (gaNadharavAda, pR0 6) / __naiyAyika aura vaizeSika mAnate haiM ki AtmA nitya hai aura sarvavyApI hai| unake anusAra pratyeka kArya ke lie jIva svayaM jimmedAra hai| ve jJAna Adi ko AtmA kA guNa mAnate haiN| mImAMsA-darzana mAnatA hai ki AtmA eka hai parantu dehAdi kI vividhatA ke kAraNa vaha pAnI meM par3e candrapratibimba ke samAna aneka rUpoM meM dikhAI detI hai| bauddha-darzana ke anusAra AtmA ekAnta kSaNika hai usameM jIva kA svabhAva nahIM batAyA gayA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki duHkha-mukti uddezya hone se jIva kA svabhAva jAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jIva kisI bhI vastu ke eka bhAga meM nahIM varan pratyeka bhAga meM hai| udAharaNArtha ratha ke pratyeka bhAga meM ratha hai aura ratha kI kalpanA bhI hai| isa prakAra bauddha-dharma anAtmavAda ko mAnatA hai|| Rgveda aura atharvaveda meM kahA gayA hai ki mRtyu ke uparAnta jIva apane pUrvajoM ke pAsa jAkara pUrNatva prApta hone taka rahatA hai|6 bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM anekajIvavAda kA virodha hai| kaThopaniSad ke anusAra jIva cirantana hai aura zarIra se svatantra hai| eka janma se dUsare janma taka jAne kA kAraNa avidyA hai| gauDapAdAcArya kahate haiM ki jIva eka hai usakA janma yA maraNa nahIM hotaa| upaniSad ke RSiyoM ke anusAra AtmA hI darzanIya, zravaNIya, mananIya aura dhyAna karane yogya hai| smRtikAra AcArya manu kahate haiM ki saba jJAnoM meM AtmajJAna hI zreSTha hai| saba vidyAoM meM vahI parAvidyA hai| usI ke kAraNa mAnava ko amRta arthAt mokSa kI prApti hotI hai|

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18 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bRhadravyasaMgraha meM nemicandrAcArya ne jIva kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki tInoM kAloM meM indriya, bala, Ayu, aura AnapAna (zvAsocchvAsa) evaM prANa ko jo dhAraNa karatA hai vaha vyavahAra-naya se jIva hai| aura nizcayanaya se jisameM cetanA hai vahI jIva hai|* isa prakAra bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM jo vicAra upalabdha haiM unako saMkSepa meM yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM cintana nirantara vikasita huA hai| jIva ke lakSaNa AcArya umAsvAti ne jIva ke lakSaNa ke bAre meM kahA hai ki 'upayoga' hI jIva kA lakSaNa hai|0 'upayoga' kA artha hai jJAna aura drshn| jJAna kA artha hai jAnane kI zakti aura darzana kA artha hai dekhane kI shkti| upayoga jIva kA guNa yA lakSaNa hai| kisI ko zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki aupazamika Adi pA~ca bhAvoM ko jIva kA lakSaNa kahane ke bAda 'upayoga' yaha alaga lakSaNa mAnane kA kyA kAraNa hai? isakA uttara yaha hai ki aupazamika Adi pA~ca bhAva jIva ke haiM yaha satya hai, parantu ve saba jIvoM meM rahate hI haiM aisA nahIM hai aura hamezA hote hI haiM aisA bhI nhiiN| isalie use upalakSaNa kahA jA sakatA hai, lakSaNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jIva tattva saba jIvoM meM hotA hai aura hamezA rahatA hai| jIva tattva arthAt upyog| yahI jIva kA mukhya lakSaNa hai| jIva tattva ko chor3akara zeSa karmasApekSa hone se jIva ke upalakSaNa haiN| lakSaNa nahIM haiN| jIva kA jo bhAva vastu ko grahaNa karane lie pravRtta hotA hai, use 'upayoga' kahate haiN|" jIva kA jo bodharUpa vyApAra hai, use 'upayoga' kahate haiN| jIva meM cetanA zakti hone se use bodha hotA hai| jar3a meM cetanA zakti na hone se use bodha nahIM hotaa| AtmA meM ananta guNaparyAya haiN| parantu unameM 'upayoga' mukhya hai| vaha sva-paraprakAzaka hai isalie 'upayoga' ko AtmA kA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai|22 upayoga ke bheda jJAna ke ATha tathA darzana ke cAra, isa prakAra upayoga ke bAraha prakAra hote haiN| ve ye haiM :

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19 jaina darzana ke nava tattva (a) jJAna ke pA~ca prakAra :- (1) matijJAna ( 2 ) zrutajJAna (3) avadhijJAna ( 4 ) manaH paryAya jJAna (5) kevalajJAna / (ba) ajJAna ke tIna prakAra : (1) mati ajJAna (2) zruta ajJAna (3) vibhaMga ajJAna / ( sa ) darzana ke cAra prakAra :- (1) cakSudarzana ( 2 ) acakSudarzana (3) avadhidarzana ( 4 ) kevaladarzana / 23 ' upayoga' ke bAraha prakAroM meM se 'a' vibhAga arthAt pA~ca prakAra kA samyak jJAna, 'ba' vibhAga arthAt tIna prakAra kA ajJAna - sAkAra upayoga haiN| 'sa' vibhAga arthAt cAra prakAra kA darzana anAkAra upayoga hai| upayoga ke ukta bAraha prakAra jIva ke lakSaNa haiN|24 lakSaNa aura upalakSaNa meM bheda yaha hai ki jo guNadharma pratyeka lakSya meM sarvAtmabhAva se tInoM hI kAloM meM hotA hai use lakSaNa kahate haiM I udAharaNArtha agni meM rahane vAlI uSNatA / jo guNadharma kucha lakSyoM meM hotA hai aura kucha lakSyoM meM nahIM hotA, kabhI hotA hai to kabhI nahIM hotA, jo svabhAvasiddha nahIM hotA use upalakSaNa kahate haiM / yathA - agni aura dhUma | jIva tattva ko chor3akara anya samasta bhAva AtmA ke upalakSaNa haiM / 'upayoga' jIva kA abAdhita lakSaNa hai| upayoga jIva ke alAvA kisI bhI dravya athavA tattva meM nahIM rahatA / jIva ko bhinna samajhane ke lie upayoga ko jIva kA 25 - lakSaNa batAyA gayA Agama - sAhitya meM jagaha-jagaha jIva kA lakSaNa 'upayoga' hI batAyA gayA hai| jise jIva, AtmA athavA caitanya kahate haiM vaha anAdi, siddha tathA svataMtra dravya hai| jIva ke arUpI hone se iMdriyoM dvArA usakA jJAna nahIM hotA / parantu sAdhAraNa jijJAsu ko AtmA kI pahacAna karAne ke lie " upayogo lakSaNam" yaha lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai / saMsAra jar3a aura cetana padArtho kA mizraNa hai / usameM se jar3a aura cetana kA vivekapUrvaka nizcaya upayoga se hI ho sakatA hai kyoMki upayoga kama-jyAdA pramANa meM hara eka AtmA meM hotA hI hai| jisameM upayoga nahIM hotA, vaha jar3a hai / upayoga ke uparyukta bhedoM ko isa prakAra pradarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva upayoga darzanopayoga jJAnopayoga 1-cakSudarzana 2-acakSudarzana 3-avadhidarzana 4-kaivaladarzana 1-matijJAna 2-zrutajJAna 3-avadhijJAna 4-manaHparyAyajJAna 5-kevalajJAna mati, zruta aura avadhi ye tIna jJAna mithyA bhI hote haiN| ina tInoM ko milAkara ATha prAkara kA jJAnopayoga hotA hai| jIva ke anya lakSaNa jisameM caitanya hai use jIva kahate haiN| upayoga-lakSaNa aura caitanya-lakSaNa meM koI bheda nahIM hai| jo apane ina guNoM ko kisI bhI avasthA meM nahIM chor3atA, jo nidrAvasthA meM, jAgRtAvasthA meM aura svapnAvasthA meM hamezA ina guNoM se yukta hotA hai, use AtmA yA jIva kahate haiN| jisameM jJAnazakti nahIM hai vaha jar3a athavA ajIva hai| jisameM jJAnazakti hai, jo bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke karma karane vAlA, kamoM ke phala bhogane vAlA, kamoM ke kAraNa bhitra-bhinna gatiyoM meM jAne vAlA aura samasta kamoM ko naSTa kara nirvANa, mokSa, yA paramAtma pada ko prApta karane vAlA hai vaha AtmA jIva hai|27 . jIva sukha-duHkha meM anukUlatA-pratikUlatA Adi kI anubhUti karatA hai| jIva ke alAvA anya padArtha sva-para kA jJAna aura hitAhita kA viveka nahIM kara skte| isalie jIva kA lakSaNa caitanya batAyA gayA hai| jIva sukha-duHkha ko bhogane vAlA, ATha kamoM kA kartA aura bhoktA zAMzvata aura nitya hai| dekhanA aura jAnanA yaha jisakA svabhAva hai, vaha jIva hai| jJAnI aura jJAnaguNa bhitra nahIM haiN| vastutaH donoM meM abhinatA hai| usI prakAra jIva aura caitanya abhinna haiN| ___ iMdriyA~ aura zarIra jIva nahIM haiM apitu zarIra meM jo caitanya hai, vaha jIva hai| jIva sukha kI abhilASA karatA hai aura duHkha se DaratA hai| hita-ahitakArI

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva 21 kriyA karatA hai aura usakA phala bhogatA hai| isa prakAra se aneka kasauTiyoM para jIva parakhA jAtA hai / jIva ke prakAra navatattvoM ke vivecana meM hameM jagaha-jagaha karma kA saMbaMdha dikhAI detA hai / karma hI jIva ko bandhana meM DAlatA hai aura karma ke nAza se mokSa prApta hotA hai / karma-baMdha kA kAraNa Asrava hai| karma ko rokanA saMvara hai| karma kA aMzataH kSaya nirjarA hai| puNyapApa zubhAzubha karma ke hI prakAra haiN| isa taraha jIva ke prakAra bhI karma ke anusAra hI haiM / jIva ke do prakAra haiM- saMsArI aura mukta / karmayukta jIva saMsArI hai aura karmamukta jIva mukta hai| donoM prakAra ke jIva dravya -dRSTi se eka hI haiM parantu paryAya- dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna haiN| # 26. jIva ananta haiN| caitanya rUpa se ve samAna haiM / parantu paryAya ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva kI dRSTi se unake do bheda kahe gaye haiN| eka saMsArarUpI paryAya se yukta hai aura dUsarA saMsArarUpI paryAya se rahita hai| prathama prakAra ke jIva saMsArI haiM aura dUsare prakAra ke jIva mukta haiN| bandha, jIva kA paryAya hai aura mokSa AtmA kA paryAya hai| eka azuddha paryAya aura dUsarA zuddha paryAya hai / dravya kI bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko paryAya kahate haiN| paryAya dravya-guNa ke Azrita hokara rahatA hai 1 jisa prakAra pAnI kabhI hima banatA hai to kabhI vASpa banatA hai, usI prakAra eka hI jIva kabhI bAlaka, kabhI javAna to kabhI vRddha hotA hai| ye Atma- dravya ke paryAya haiN| putra, patnI, parivAra, dhana, vaibhava, mAna-sammAna, yaza kIrti, Adi ko loga saMsAra samajhate haiM, parantu ina saba kA astittva svataMtra hai / eka janma se dUsare janma ko prApta karane vAle jIva saMsArI haiM / 3deg paNDita sukhalAla jI ne 'saMsAra' kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai - " dravya-bandha aura bhAvabandha yahI saMsAra hai / " karmadala kA viziSTa sambandha dravyabandha hai / roga, dveSa Adi vAsanAoM kA sambandha bhAvabaMdha haiM / eka AcAryazrI se unake eka ziSya ne pUchA- "Apa saMsAra ko chor3ane kA upadeza dete haiM, parantu kaise chor3A jAe ? dhana, vaibhava, bAga-bagIce, putra- parivAra ko chor3anA hI saMsAra ko chor3anA hai kyA? athavA anya kucha chor3anA par3atA hai?"

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22 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva AcAryazrI ne kahA-"padArtha (bhautika vastu) aura parivAra hI kevala saMsAra nahIM hai| yaha to saMsAra kA bAhaya svarUpa hai| padArtha aura parivAra kA tyAga karane se saMsAra chUTa gayA yaha mAnanA pUrNa satya nahIM hai|" vyakti padAthoM (bhautika vastuoM) kA parityAga kara himAlaya kI guphAoM meM jA pahu~ce to bhI jaba taka usake mana se padArthoM ke viSaya meM rAga, dveSa, Asakti, mamatva aura moha nahIM chUTate, taba taka vaha saMsAra se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki usa vyakti ke mana meM, vikAra aura vikalpoM kA saMsAra bharA huA hai| isalie vikAra aura vikalpoM kA parityAga karanA saMsAra se mukta honA hai| kyoMki saMsAra ke janma-maraNa kA, bhava-bhramaNa kA mUla kAraNa rAgadveSa hI hai| vAstava meM rAga, dveSa, moha, kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha hI saMsAra hai| inase parAvRtta honA hI saMsAra kA anta karanA hai|" saMsArI jIvoM ke do prakAra haiM :(1) samanaska tathA (2) amnsk| jo mana-sahita haiM ve samanaska aura jo mana-rahita haiM ve amanaska haiN|32 jisa jIva meM mana hotA hai usa jIva ko saMjJI kahate haiN|33 manuSya, deva, nArakIya (naraka ke jIva) aura kucha pazu-pakSI saMjJI arthAt samanaska haiN| pRthvIkAya, vanaspatikAya, Adi ekendriya, dvi-iMdriya, tri-indriya, tathA caturindriya jIva asaMjJI arthAt amanaska haiN| cetanA ke tIna prakAra (1) karmaphala-cetanA, (2) karma-cetanA, (3) jnyaan-cetnaa| cetanA ke tIna prakAra haiM - (1) karmaphala-cetanA :- sthAvarakAyika (halacala na karane vAle pRthvI, vRkSa Adi) jIva tathA inake samAna anya aneka jIva karma ke phala kA hI anubhava karate haiN| isa prakAra ke jIvoM kI cetanA ko 'karmaphala-cetanA' kahate haiN| (2) karma-cetanA :- trasakAyika (halacala karane vAle yathA- kITa, cIMTI, manuSya Adi) jIva karma karate haiM isalie unakI cetanA ko 'karma-cetanA' kahA gayA hai| (3) jJAna-cetanA :- sadehAvasthA ke pare pahu~ce hue siddha jIva kevala zuddha jJAna-cetanA kA anubhava karate haiN| sadehAvasthA se tAtparya hai - saMsArI jiiv|

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22 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jIva ke bhAva tattvArthasUtra meM aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika-jIva ke pA~ca bhAva batAe gae haiN|35 ____ AtmA ke sAre paryAya (bhitra-bhitra avasthAe~) eka jaise nahIM hote| kucha paryAyoM kI ina bhitra-bhitra avasthAoM ko hI bhAva kahate haiM athavA bhAvabaddha karma kI yA karmabaddha jIva kI vizeSAvasthA hai| ina pA~ca bhAvoM kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI (1) aupazamika bhAva - pUrvabaddha karma kI upazAnta avasthA upazama bhAva hai| upazama eka prakAra kI Atmazuddhi hai| baddha karma kI upazAnta avasthA-vizeSa ko aupazamika bhAva kahate haiN| jaise - phiTakarI ke saMyoga se pAnI meM vidyamAna miTTI aura kacarA nIce baiTa jAtA hai| gandA pAnI pAtra meM pahale se hI hotA hai aura bAda meM phiTakarI ke saMyoga se kacarA nIce baiThatA hai tathA pAnI kucha mAtrA meM zuddha hotA hai usI prakAra karma-mala se dUSita huA AtmA kucha pramANa meM zuddha hotA hai| (2) kSAyika bhAva - jisameM karma kA saMpUrNa kSaya hotA hai use kSAyika bhAva kahate haiN| isameM AtmA kI parama vizuddhi hotI hai| udAharaNArtha-pAnI meM vidyamAna miTTI aura kacarA pUrNatayA naSTa ho jAtA hai| (3) kSAyopazamika bhAva - kucha kamoM ke kSaya se aura kucha kamoM ke upazama se jisa bhAva kA nirmANa hotA hai, use kSAyopazamika bhAva kahate haiN| kSayopazama eka prakAra kI Atmika zuddhi hai| jaise - pAnI kI svacchatA naSTa karane vAle miTTI ke bhArI kaNa nIce baiThate haiM aura kucha halakI miTTI ke kaNa pAnI meM mile rahate haiN| isa taraha pAnI meM kucha pramANa meM zuddhatA aura kucha pramANa meM azuddhatA rahatI hai| usI prakAra AtmA ke kucha kamoM kI zuddhi hone se karmamAlinya kucha pramANa meM kama hotA hai| (4) audayika bhAva - jo bhAva karma ke udaya se nirmita hotA hai, use audayika bhAva kahate haiN| udaya eka prakAra kA Atmika mAlinya hai| karma phala detA hai tatkSaNa ye bhAva hote haiN| (5) pAriNAmika bhAva - dravya ke svAbhAvika svarUpa ke pariNAma ko pAriNAmika bhAva kahate haiN| sAre karma pariNamana karate haiN| arthAt avasthAntarita hote haiN| ise karma kI pAriNAmika avasthA kahate haiN| buddha karma kI pAriNAmika avasthA meM jIva meM utpanna vizeSa avasthA ko pArimANika bhAva kahate haiN|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva ye pA~ca bhAva AtmA ke svarUpa ke upalakSaNa haiN| arthAt saMsArI yA mukta, koI bhI AtmA ho, usake sAre paryAya ukta pA~ca bhAvoM meM se hI hote haiN| ajIva meM ye pA~ca bhAvayukta paryAya saMbhava nahIM hote isalie ye pA~ca bhAva ajIva kA svarUpa nahIM ho skte| 24 ye pA~ca bhAva saba jIvoM meM eka hI samaya hote haiM aisA niyama nahIM hai| samasta mukta jIvoM meM kevala do bhAva hote haiM- (1) kSAyika aura ( 2 ) pAriNAmika | saMsArI jIvoM meM koI tIna bhAvoM se yukta aura koI pA~ca bhAvoM se yukta hotA hai / parantu do bhAvoM se yukta koI bhI nahIM hotA / audayika bhAvoM ke paryAya vibhAvika haiN| zeSa cAra bhAvoM ke paryAya svAbhAvika haiM / audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura pAriNAmika ina pA~ca bhAvoM kI sthiti meM karma ke krama se udaya, upazama, kSaya, kSayopazama aura pariNamana hotA hai| karma jar3a aura pudgala sUkSma haiN|26 jIva ke tIna bhAva jIva pariNamanazIla hai isalie zubha, azubha yA zuddha inameM se kisI bhI bhAva ke rUpa meM vaha pariNamana karatA hai| agara AtmA svabhAvataH hI apariNAmI ( kUTastha nitya) hotA to yaha saMsAra bilkula nahIM hotA! koI bhI dravya pariNAmarahita ( paryAya avasthArahita ) nahIM hai aura koI bhI pariNAma dravya ke binA nahIM hotA / padArtha kA astittva hI dravya, guNa, pariNAma ( paryAya) maya hai / AtmA jaba zuddha bhAva rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, taba vaha nirvANa - sukha prApta kara letA hai| jaba vaha zubha bhAva rUpa pariNamana karatA hai taba svargasukha prApta karatA hai aura jaba azubha bhAva rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, taba hIna manuSya, nArakIya yA pazu Adi banakara cirakAla taka isa ghora saMsAra meM bar3e kaSToM se bhramaNa karatA haiM|37 (1) jIva ke zubha bhAva :- jo AtmA sacce deva, guru aura dharma kI pUjA - bhakti karanA, satpAtra ko dAna denA uttama zIla rakhanA, upavAsa ahiMsAdi vratoM kA pAlana karanA Adi meM vyasta rahatA hai, arthAt una meM anurAga rakhatA hai, vaha zubha pariNAmI samajhA jAtA hai| jisa jIva ke bhAva zubha hote haiM, jisake citta meM kalmaSa nahIM hotA, jo dayAlu hotA hai, vaha jIva puNyazAlI mAnA jAtA hai 1

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki zubha karma meM jo lIna hai vaha zubhopayogI AtmA hai| zubhopayoga kA uttama phala hai - devoM meM indra pada kI prApti tathA manuSyoM meM cakravartIpada kI prApti / arihanta, siddha, aura sAdhu inakI bhakti, dhArmika vRtti tathA guru kA anusaraNa zubha bhAva haiN| bhUkhe pyAse, duHkhI aura kaSTa meM par3e hue jIva ko dekha kara svayaM duHkha kA anubhava karanA aura dayAbuddhi se usakI sahAyatA karanA anukampA kahalAtA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha citta ko lubdha karate haiM, yahI kalmaSa hai| ise manda karake zubha bhAva rakhane vAle jIva ko bhoga-bhUmi meM pazu, manuSya yA svarga meM hone vAle devAdi kI avasthA tathA kucha kAla taka indriyajanya sukha prApta hotA hai / (2) jIva ke azubha bhAva :- jo manuSya viSaya - kaSAya meM DUba jAtA hai, kuzAstra, duSTa vicAra - vikAra aura duSTa bAtoM kI hI saMgati karatA hai, jo ugra aura unmArgagAmI hai, usakA cetanA vyApAra azubha hotA hai| 6. pramAdI pravRtti, kalmaSa, viSaya -lolupatA, dUsaroM ko duHkha denA tathA dUsaroM kI nindA karanA ye pApa ke dvAra haiN| deg 25 uparyukta samasta bhAva azubha haiN| ina azubha bhAvoM se vaha kumanuSya, tiryaca (pazuyoni) aura nArakI hokara hajAroM duHkha bhogatA hai aura saMsAra meM cirakAla taka paribhramaNa karatA hai / " (3) jIva ke zuddha bhAva :- jo jIva azubha bhAva se rahita hai aura zubha bhAva meM bhI unnata nahIM hai, aisA jJAnasvarUpa AtmA zuddhabhAvI hai| svayaM ke zuddha AtmA kA dhyAna karanA hI zuddha bhAva hai| aise AtmA ke saMbaMdha paradravya se chUTe rahate haiM isalie use nirvANa sukha prApta hotA hai| aisA AtmA indriyoM ke adhIna nahIM hotA / use atulanIya, avinAzI aura amaryAda sukha prApta hotA hai / padArtha aura, siddhAnta ko acchI taraha se jAnanA, saMyamI aura tapayukta honA, vItarAga-dazA prApta karanA tathA sukha - duHkha samAna mAnanA zuddha bhAva haiN| zuddha bhAva se mohagranthi naSTa hotI hai| aisA AtmA cAra karmoM ko naSTa kara sarvajJa banatA hai| 2

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jIvoM kI saMkhyA vedAnta-darzana meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva caitanya tattva hai aura vaha sarvatra eka hI hai| parantu jainadarzana aisA nahIM maantaa| jaina-Agama-graMtha bhagavatIsUtra meM gautama svAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI se pUchA- "jIvadravya saMkhyAta hai, asaMkhyAta hai yA ananta hai?" __ bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttara diyA-"he gautama! jIva saMkhyAta nahIM, asaMkhyAta nahIM balki ananta hai|"43 isI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra se eka bAra pUchA gayA-"isa vizva meM ananta kyA hai?" bhagavAn ne kahA-"jIva aura ajIva / " punaH eka bAra gautama ne bhagavAna se pUchA- "he bhagavAna! jIva kama-jyAdA hote haiM kyA?" bhagavAna ne kahA-"he gautama! jIva bar3hate nahIM haiM aura kama bhI nahIM hote haiM, avasthita rahate haiN|"45 ___ eka bAra gautama ne pUchA-"kitane kAla taka jIva kama jyAdA hue binA avasthita rahate haiM?" prabhu ne kahA- "he gautama! jIva saba kAloM meM avasthita haiM aura rahate haiN|" jIva ananta hote hue bhI dravyatva kI dRSTi se eka hai isIlie ThANAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki "AtmA eka hai|6| jIva kI zAzvatatA ThANAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva bhUtakAla meM thA, vartamAna kAla meM hai aura bhaviSyat kAla meM rhegaa| vaha dhruva, nitya, zAzvata, avyaya aura sthita hai| vaha tInoM hI kAloM meM vidyamAna hai| jIva kabhI ajIva nahIM hotA, na huA hai aura na hI hogaa| bhagavadgItA meM kahA gayA hai - "yaha (AtmA) na kabhI janma letA hai aura na maratA hai| yaha (eka bAra) hokara punaH nahIM hogA, aisA bhI nahIM hai| yaha janmarahita, nitya, kSayarahita aura anAdi hai| zarIra kA nAza hone para bhI isakA nAza nahIM hotaa| yaha jIvAtmA akSaya hai, nitya hai, zAzvata hai aura purAtana hai|" "zarIra kA nAza hone para bhI AtmA kA nAza nahIM hotaa|".. "mai, tU aura ye rAjA pUrva meM nahIM the, aisA nahIM hai| usI prakAra isake bAda hama sabhI nahIM hoMge aisA bhI nahIM hai|" zrIkRSNa ne arjuna se kahA "AtmA ko zastra chedate nahIM haiM, agni jalAtI nahIM hai, pAnI bhigotA nahIM hai aura vAyu sukhAtI nahIM hai| AtmA kA chedana honA, dAha honA yA zuSka ho jAnA bhI azakya hai| AtmA nitya, sarvavyApI sthira, acala aura sanAtana hai|51

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27 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ThANAMgasUtra meM gautama pUchate haiM-"ke sAsayA loe?" loka meM zAzvata kyA hai? isa para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttara diyA-"jIvacceya ajiivccey|" jIva aura ajIva zAzvata haiN|52 bhAva53 aupazamika (2) kSAyika(E) kSAyopazamika (18) audayika (21) pAriNAmika (3) 1- samyaktava 2-cAritra 1-jIvatva 2-bhavyatva 3abhavyatva 1- kevalajJAna 2- kevala darzana 3- kSAyika dAna 4- kSAyika lAbha - 5- kSAyika bhoga jJAna ajJAna darzana lAbdhi kSA-samyakttva 6- kSAyika 1-mati 1-kumati 1-cakSu 1-dAna kSA-caritra - upabhoga 7- kSAyika 2-zruta 2-kuzruta 2-acakSu 2-lAbha kSA-saMyamAsaMyama samyaktva 8- kSAyika 3-avadhi 3-kuavadhi 3-avadhi 3-bhoga vIrya 4- manaH paryAya 4- upabhoga 9- kSAyika cAritra 5-vIrya gati kaSAya liMga mithyAdarzana ajJAna asaMyama Asiddhatva 1-naraka 1-krodha 1-strIveda lezyA 1- kRSNa2-tiryaca 2-mAna 2-puruSaveda 2-nIla | 3-kApota - 3-manuSya 3-mAyA 3-napuMsakaveda 4-pIta - 5-padma - 4- deva 4- lobha 6-zukla

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28 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva saMsArI jIva ke do bheda :- (1) bhavya (2) abhavya AcArya kundakunda ne apane paMcAstikAya graMtha meM 120 (eka sau bIsa) vIM gAthA meM kahA hai ki isa vizva meM jIva ke do bheda haiM-eka dehadhArI aura dUsarA dehrhit| dehadhArI saMsArI hai| deharahita siddha hai| saMsArI jIva ke bhI do bheda haiM-bhavya aura abhavya / jo jIva zuddha svarUpa prApta karatA hai use bhavya kahA jAtA hai aura jisameM zuddha svarUpa prApta karane kI zakti nahIM hai, use abhavya kahA jAtA jisa prakAra mUMga kA koI dAnA aisA hotA hai jo pakAne para paka jAtA hai, jabaki koI dAnA aneka lakar3iyA~ jalAne para bhI nahIM pktaa| use 'koraDU' kahate haiN| usI prakAra abhavya jIva kabhI bhI siddha gati ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM bhavya-abhavyoM kA suMdara spaSTIkaraNa prApta hotA hai| tattvArtha-rAjavArtika meM bhI AcArya zrImadbhaTTAkalaMka deva ne bhavya-abhavya kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai jisameM samyakdarzana, samyajJAna aura samyakcAritra kA nirmANa hotA hai vaha bhavya hai aura jisameM nirmANa nahIM hotA, vaha abhavya hai|5 sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM mAdhavAcArya ne jainadarzana ke antargata bhavya aura abhavya ke bAre meM kahA hai ki jIva do prakAra ke haiM- bhavya aura abhvy| jIva a~dhere meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| eka gati se dUsarI gati meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| jaba taka jIva meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie svayaM prayatna nahIM hote, taba taka use samyakdarzana prApta nahIM hotaa| jaba jIva meM satya kI prApti kI utkaNThA hotI hai, taba samyakdarzana hotA hai| saba jIvoM meM satya kI utkaNThA nahIM hotii| jise aisI utkaNThA hotI hai, use samyakdarzana prApta hotA hai| jo mokSa ke icchuka hote haiM ve bhavya jIva [fit for liberation] haiN| jinameM yaha lakSaNa nahIM hotA, ve abhavya haiN| abhavya jIva kabhI mokSa prApta nahIM kara skte| mAdhavAcArya ne bauddha dharma ke abhavya kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai varSatyapi parjanye naivAbIjaM prrohti| samutpAde'pihi buddhAnAM nAbhavyo bhdrmshnute||

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jIva ke bhavyatva aura abhavyatva bhAva caitanya ke samAna hI pAriNAmika haiN|56 rAjapraznIyasUtra meM bhI bhavya-abhavya kA ullekha dikhAI detA hai| sUryAbha devatA ne bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI se aneka prazna pUche haiN| eka prazna hai- "he bhagavan! maiM bhavya hU~ yA abhavya?"57 bhavya aura abhavya ye - do bheda kyoM mAne gaye haiM isakA koI kAraNa kahA nahIM jA sktaa| isalie AcArya siddhasena ne isa viSaya ko agamyagamya arthAt ahetu vAdAntargata liyA hai| saMsArI jIva ke anya do bheda saMsArI jIva ke anya do bheda hai- (1) trasa jIva tathA (2) sthAvara jIva / trasanAma karma ke udaya se jise sukha-duHkha kA spaSTa anubhava hotA hai, use trasajIva kahate haiN| sthAvara nAma karma ke udaya se jise sukha-duHkha kA spaSTa anubhava nahIM hotA, use sthAvara jIva kahate haiN|" jo jIva sukhaprApti ke lie aura duHkha se mukti prApta karane ke lie sthAnAntara kara sakate haiM, unheM trasa jIva kahate haiN| jo sukha prApta karane ke lie aura duHkha se mukti prApta karane ke lie sthAnAntara nahIM kara sakate, unheM sthAvara jIva kahate haiN|60 trasa kA artha sAmAnyataH gatizIla [Locomotive] aura sthAvara kA sthitizIla [immovable] kiyA jAtA hai| parantu sahI artha yaha hai ki trasa jIva aura sthAvara jIva ye donoM vizeSa prakAra ke karmoM ke bodhaka haiN| ina karmoM ke kAraNa hI kucha jIva janma lekara sthAvara hote haiM aura kucha trasa hote haiN| zubha aura azubha ina donoM prakAra ke kamoM ko trasa kahate haiM vizeSataH azubha karma ko sthAvara kahate haiN| trasa karma ke udaya se trasa jIva aura sthAvara karma ke udaya se sthAvara jIva banate haiN| trasa jIvoM ke cAra bheda (1) dvIndriya, (2) trIndriya, (3) caturindriya, (4) pnycendriy| (1) dvIndriya - jo sparza aura rasanA ina do indriyoM se yukta haiM unheM dvIndriya kahate yathA - zaMkha, sIpa, kITaka aadi| (2) trIndriya-jo sparza, rasanA aura ghrANa se yukta haiM unheM trIndriya kahate haiN|

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30 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva yathA - cIMTI, aadi| (3) caturindriya - jo uparyukta tIna indriyoM tathA cakSu se yukta haiM, unheM caturindriya kahate haiN| yathA - macchara, bhramara aadi| (4) paJcendriya - jo uparyukta kI cAra indriyoM aura zrotra se yukta haiM, unheM paJcendriya kahate haiN| yathA - manuSya, tiryaca, pazu, deva, nArakIya jIva aadi|62 jalacara, bhUmicara aura AkAzagAmI jIva bhI paJcendriya hote haiN| ve varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabda ina pA~ca viSayoM ke jJAtA hote haiN|63 paJcendriya jIvoM ke cAra bhedoM kA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - (1) nArakI . hama saba madhya loka meM rahate haiN| deva Urdhva loka meM rahate haiM aura nArakI adholoka meM rahate haiN| adholoka meM eka ke bAda dUsarI isa taraha se sAta pRthviyA~ haiN| pratyeka jar3a pAnI se ghirI huI hai| jar3a pAnI ke ghere ko jar3a havA ke dvArA gherA gayA hai| jar3a havA halakI havA se ghirI huI hai| halakI havA kA gherA AkAza para AdhArita hai aura AkAza svayaM AdhArita hai|64 jaise - jaise hama nIce jAte haiM, naraka meM hone vAle jIvoM kI kurUpatA, bhayAnakatA Adi vikRtiyA~ bar3hatI jAtI haiN| ve jIva ati uSNatA aura ati zIta ke kAraNa duHkha bhogate rahate haiN| unakI sukhaprApti ke yogya karma karane kI icchA hotI hai, parantu unake dvArA aise karma kiye jAte haiM jinake pariNAmasvarUpa unheM kaSTa milate haiN| jaba ve eka dUsare ke samIpa Ate haiM taba unakA krodha bar3ha jAtA haiN| ve kutte yA lomar3iyoM ke samAna jhagar3ate haiN| hAthoM, pairoM, dAtoM aura svayaM-nirmita zastroM se prahAra kara eka dUsare ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e karate haiN| unakA zarIra vaikriya hotA hai isalie vaha pAre ke samAna pUrvavat ho jAtA hai| naraka meM rahane vAloM ko duSTa paramAdharmI devoM se bhI duHkha prApta hotA hai| ve unheM pighale hue lohe ke patte tathA tape hue lohe ke khaMbhe kA sparza karAkara aura kA~TedAra per3a para car3hane aura utarane ke lie bAdhya karake kaSTa dete haiN| isa prakAra ke devoM ko "ati adhArmika" (paramAdhAmika yA paramAdhArmika) kahA jAtA hai| ve pahalI tIna bhUmi taka jAte haiN| ve eka prakAra ke asuradeva hote haiN| ve atyaMta krUrasvabhAvI aura pApamagna hote haiN| unakA svabhAva aisA hotA hai ki unheM dUsaroM ko pIr3A dene meM hI Ananda AtA hai| unakI paMdraha jAtiyA~ haiM-(1) amba (2) ambarISa (3) zyAma (4) zavala (5) rudra (6) uparudra (7) kAla (8) mahAkAla (6) asipatra (10) dhanuSa (11) kuMbha (12)

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bAluka (13) vaitaraNI (14) kharasvara aura (15) mhaaghoss| naraka meM rahane vAle jIvoM kA jIvanakAla kama nahIM ho sktaa| ve akAla-mRtyu se nahIM mara skte| manuSya - manuSya aura tiryaca (pazupakSI aura vRkSa) madhyaloka meM rahate haiN| manuSyoM ke do prakAra haiM- Arya aura mlecch| sadguNa dhAraNa karane vAloM ko Arya kahate haiN| AryoM ke bhI do bheda haiM-(1) alaukika zakti dhAraNa karane vAle aura (2) alaukika zakti prApta na karane vaale| asAdhAraNa jJAna, rUpa-parivartana, tapa, bala, auSadhi, zakti, sAmAnya bhojana ko svAdiSTa bhojana banAne kA asAdhAraNa sAmarthya aura vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hane para bhI sAmagrI samApta na hone dene kI zakti, isa prakAra pahale ke sAta upabheda hote haiN| kSetra, jAti, karma, cAritra aura zraddhA inake AdhAra para dUsare ke bhI pA~ca upabheda hote haiN| mleccha bhI do prakAra ke hote haiM (1) aMtarvIpa meM janma lene vAle aura (2) karmabhUmi meM janma lene vaale| aMtarvIpa kI saMkhyA chappana hai aura karmabhUmi kI saMkhyA paMdraha hai| (bharata pA~ca, airAvata pA~ca, videha pA~ca) devakuru, uttarakuru, hemavata, hari, ramyaka, hairaNyavata aura aMtIpa inheM bhogabhUmi ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| karmabhUmi meM puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| bhogabhUmi meM Avazyaka saba vastue~ kalpavRkSa se prApta hotI haiN| Arya loga karmabhUmi ke sabhya kSetra meM hI janma lete haiN| mleccha loga karmabhUmi ke asabhya kSetra meM, usI prakAra bhogabhUmi ke sAre kSetroM meM aura aMtarvIpa meM rahate haiN| kevala AryakSetra meM hI tIrthakara utpanna hote haiM aura Aryaloka hI unake upadezoM kA lAbha lete haiM lekina mukti karmabhUmi meM hI saMbhava hotI hai| bhogabhUmi kevala sAMsArika vastuoM kA upabhoga karane kA sthAna hai| vaha mokSa prApta karA dene vAle saMnyAsa yA saMyama ke anukUla nahIM hai| bhogabhUmi meM koI bhI sAMsArika vyakti sAMsArika sukhoM kA tyAga karake AtmasaMyamI kI bAtoM kA vicAra nahIM krtaa| bhoga-bhUmi ke loga hamezA sAMsArika sukhoM ke pIche par3e rahate haiM, isalie ve mukti prApta karane meM asamartha hote haiN| yahA~ taka ki devoM ko bhI mokSa prApta karane ke lie karmabhUmi meM janma lenA par3atA hai|66 deva, tiryaca, nArakI aura manuSya ina cAra gatiyoM meM manuSyagati hI zreSTa hai| kyoMki kevala manuSya hI apane puruSArtha se mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| inameM se tIna gatiyoM ko manuSyagati prApta hue binA mokSa prApta nahIM hotaa|

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32 tiryaMca - tiryaMca prANiyoM ke do bheda hote haiM- ( 1 ) trasa (cala) (2) sthAvara (acala ) / sthAvara prANiyoM ke pA~ca prakAra haiM- ( 1 ) pRthvIkAya (2) apakAya ( 3 ) tejaskAya ( 4 ) vAyukAya tathA (5) vanaspatikAya / inake bhI upabheda haiN| ye sUkSma yA sthUla hote haiM / pRthvIkAya meM miTTI, bAlU, patthara, namaka, lohA, tA~bA, cA~dI, sonA aura hIre samAviSTa hote haiM / apakAya meM pAnI, kuhare ke biMdu, kuharA Adi; tejaskAya meM agni, bijalI Adi; vAyukAya manda havA, jar3a havA Adi ghaTaka samAviSTa hote haiN| vanaspatikAya meM anekoM kA ikaTThA sAmAnya zarIra hotA hai yA saba kA alaga-alaga hotA hai| - - jaina darzana ke nava tattva - - meM trasa jIvoM ke cAra bheda haiM (1) dvIndriya ( 2 ) trIndriya (3) caturindriya tathA (4) paJcendriya / kITa, sIpa Adi kI do indriyA~ ( sparza aura rasa) hotI haiM / khaTamala Adi kI tIna indriyA~ (sparza, rasa aura prANa ) hotI haiM / makkhI, macchara Adi kI cAra indriyA~ (sparza, rasa, ghrANa aura cakSu) hotI haiN| manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi kI pA~ca indriyA~ (sparza, rasa, prANa, cakSu aura kAna ) hotI haiM / jIvoM ke do bheda haiM (1) sammUcchima yAnI garbha ke binA sahaja utpanna hone vAle aura (2) garbhajayAnI garbha meM janma lene vaale| inameM se pratyeka ke tIna-tIna bheda haiN| pAnI meM rahane vAle (jalacara ), jamIna para rahane vAle (bhUcara) aura AkAza meM rahane vAle (khecara) / jalacara prANI-machalI, kachuA, magaramaccha Adi haiM / sthalacara prANiyoM ke do bheda haiM - catuSpAda aura reMganevAle / catuSpAdoM ke cAra prakAra haiM- (1) majabUta khura vAle, yathA ghor3A (2) do khuroM vAle jaise gAya / (3) aneka khuroM vAle hAthI ( 4 ) nAkhUna se yukta paMje vAle jaise siMha Adi / reMgane vAle prANiyoM ke do bheda hai - ( 1 ) hAthoM se reMgane vAle aura (2) chAtI se reMgane vAle chipakalI Adi pahale prakAra ke haiM aura sA~pa Adi dUsare bheda meM Ate haiM / khecaroM ke cAra bheda haiM- (1) carmapakSI ( 2) romapakSI (3) samudga pakSI (4) vItata pakSI / 7 deva yathA - - - - deva eka viziSTa zayyA para janma lete haiN| ve garbha se janma nahIM lete| unakI akAla mRtyu nahIM hotii| ve parivartanazIla deha dhAraNa karate haiM / parvata aura sAgara ke dvArA ghire hue pRthvI tala ke alaga-alaga hissoM meM svataMtratA se saMcAra karate haiM aura Ananda prApta karate haiM / unameM adbhuta parAkrama hotA hai| devoM ke cAra bheda haiM- ( 1 ) bhavanavAsI ( 2 ) vyantara ( 3 ) jyotiSka aura (4) vaimAnika / inake bhI

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva kramazaH se dasa, ATha, pA~ca aura bAraha upabheda haiM / indra ke samAna pada pAne vAloM ko svarga ke kalpa kahA gayA hai| kalpa meM utpanna hue devoM ko 'kalpotpanna' kahA jAtA hai / kalpa se zreSTha koI bhI padavibhAjana nahIM hotaa| isalie svarga meM utpanna hue devoM ko "kalpAtIta" kahA gayA hai| ye sAre devatA samAna hote haiM / indra ke samAna hone para unheM 'ahamindra' kahA jAtA hai| kisI kAraNa se manuSya - loka meM jAne kA prasaMga Ane para kalpotpanna deva hI manuSya-loka meM jAte hai, kalpAtIta nahIM / bhavanavAsI aura aizAna kalpa taka ke anya deva manuSyoM ke samAna hI vAsanAtmaka sukha kA upabhoga karate haiN| sanatkumAra aura mahendra kalpa ke deva - deviyoM ke zarIra kA kevala sparza karake hI kAmasukhaM prApta karate haiM / brahma, brahmamottara, lAntaka aura kApiSTa kalpa ke deva kevala deviyoM kA sauMdarya dekha kara hI apanI vAsanApUrti kara lete haiN| zukra, mahAzukra, zatAra aura sahasrAra kalpa ke deva kevala deviyoM kA madhura saMgIta sunakara apanI vAsanA tRpta kara lete haiN| Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta kalpa ke deva deviyoM kA kevala smaraNa karake hI apanI kAmecchA zAnta kara lete haiN| bAkI bace deva kAmavAsanA se rahita hote haiN| bhavanavAsI devoM meM ina devoM kA samAveza hotA hai (1) asurakumAra ( 2 ) nAgakumAra ( 3 ) vidyutkumAra (4) svarNakumAra (5) agnikumAra ( 6 ) vAtakumAra ( 7 ) stanitakumAra (8) udadhikumAra (6) dvIpakumAra aura (10) dikkumaar| * 18 ye deva apane vastra, AbhUSaNa, zastra, vAhana Adi ke kAraNa yuvA dikhAI dete haiM isalie inheM kumAra kahA gayA hai| 33 asura kumAroM kA nivAsa sthAna prathama naraka ke kIcar3ayukta hissoM meM hotA / anya kumAroM kA nivAsasthAna prathama pRthvI ratnaprabhA ke mukhya hisse ke Upara yA nIce eka-eka hajAra yojana chor3akara hotA hai 1 kinnara, kimpuruSa, mahoraga, gandharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta aura pizAca ye vyantara deva haiN| rAkSasa kIcar3amaya bhAga meM rahate haiM / anya vyantara devoM kA nivAsa agaNita dvIpoM para aura sAgara ke pramukha hissoM meM hotA hai / 70 vaimAnika deva do prakAra ke hote haiM (1) kalpa meM janma lene vAle ( kalpotpanna) aura (2) kalpa ke alAvA dUsarI jagaha janma lene vAle (kalpAtIta) / kalpa meM rahane vAle devoM ke bAraha indra haiN| kalpa ke alAvA itara sthAnoM meM janma lene vAloM meM indra ityAdi nahIM hote / ucca sthAnoM meM rahane vAle vaimAnika deva nIce

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34 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva rahane vAle devoM se Ayu, sAmarthya, sukha, teja Adi bAtoM meM adhika zreSTa hote haiN| kalpotpanna devoM meM nimnalikhita dasa pada hote haiM - (1) indra - ye . sAmAnika Adi saba prakAra ke devoM ke svAmI hote haiN| (2) sAmAnika - ye samRddhi meM indra ke samAna hote haiM parantu inameM indratva nahIM hotaa| (3) trAyastriMza - ye maMtrI kA kAma karate haiN| (4) paripadya - ye mitroM kA kAma karate haiN| (5) AtmarakSa - ye zastra uThAkara pIche khar3e rahate haiN| (6) lokapAla - ye sImA kI rakSA karate haiN| (7) anIka - ye sainika rUpa hote haiN| (8) prakIrNaka - ye nAgarika ke samAna hote haiN| (6) abhiyogya - ye sevaka ke samAna hote haiN| (10) kilviSika - ye antyaja ke samAna hote haiN| bhavanavAsiyoM meM bhI ye dasa pada haiN| vyantara deva tathA jyotiSka devoM meM trAyastriMza aura lokapAla ko chor3akara zeSa ATha pada hote haiN|72 brahmaloka nAmaka pA~caveM kalpa meM cAroM hI dizAoM meM lokAntika deva rahate haiN| viSayarati-rahita hone se unheM 'devarSi' kahate haiN| unameM pArasparika ucca-nimna bhAvoM kA abhAva rahatA hai| ve tIrthakaroM ke abhiniSkramaNa yA gRhatyAga ke samaya unake sAmane upasthita hokara unheM pratibodha dene ke AcAradharma kA pAlana karate deva, manuSya aura narakIya jIva samanaska hote haiN| jo garbhadhAraNa karane vAle tiryaca haiM, ve bhI samanaska hote haiN| sAre tiryaca samanaska nahIM haiN| saMjJA kI vyAkhyA karate hue zrI mAdhavAcArya ne sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM kahA hai ki zikSA (dUsare ko upadeza), kriyA tathA vArtAlApa kA grahaNa karanA saMjJA hai| jinakI aisI saMjJA hai ve manasahita haiM aura jinakI aisI saMjJA nahIM hotI, ve manarahita haiN| sthAvara jIvoM ke bheda sthAvara jIvoM ke pA~ca bheda haiM - (1) pRthvIkAya (2) apakAya (3) tejaskAya (4) vAyukAya aura (5) vnsptikaay| (1) pRthvIkAya-miTTI (2) apakAya-pAnI (3) tejaskAya-agni (4) vAyukAya-vAyu (5) vnsptikaay-vRkss| ___ AcArya zrI umAsvAti kI 'tattvArthAdhigama sUtra' kI kucha pratiyoM meM sthAvara ke tIna bheda aura kucha pratiyoM meM pA~ca bheda batAe gaye haiN|

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35 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva agni aura vAyu kA zrI umAsvAti ne trasajIvoM meM samAveza kiyA hai| kyoMki trasa kA artha hai gatizIla honaa| agni aura vAyu gatizIla haiM isalie ve trasa haiN| sthAvara jIva tIna hI mAne gaye haiM - pRthvI, pAnI aura vnspti| ye sthAvarajIva ekendriya haiN| ina jIvoM kA kevala zarIra hI hotA hai| sthAvarakAya jIva kI sajIvatA AcArAMgasUtra ke zastraparIkSA adhyayana meM spaSTataH siddha kI gaI hai|75 vanaspatiyoM para prayoga karake, vanaspatiyoM meM jIva hai, yaha bAta jagadIzacandra basu aura anya vaijJAnikoM ne siddha kI hai| usakA vistRta varNana Age kiyA gayA hai| pRthvI Adi kI sajIvatA dvIndriya se lekara paJcendriya taka ke jIvoM meM cetanA prakaTa rUpa se dikhAI detI hai| ve apane hita-ahita meM pravRtti-nivRtti karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| bhUkha, pyAsa lagane para anna-pAnI kI khoja bhI karate haiN| ve zatru-mitra bhAva kI anubhUti karate haiN| isa prakAra kI prakriyA pRthvIkAya Adi ekendriya jIvoM meM bhI dikhAI detI hai| unakI cetanA ko avyakta hone se, hamArI A~kheM dekha nahIM sktiiN| parantu hamAre samAna hI ve jIva bhI sukha-duHkha, bhUkha, pyAsa Adi kA anubhava karate haiN| isI prakAra acche-bure ke pratikAra ke lie prayatna bhI karate rahate haiN| vanaspati, vRkSa, paudhe Adi meM to unake buddhivikAsa Adi kI prakriyA prakaTa rUpa meM dikhAI detI hai| anya pRthvI Adi meM sajIvatA ke kucha lakSaNa. isa prakAra haiM jisa prakAra manuSya-zarIra jakhmI hone ke bAda bhara jAtA hai, usI prakAra khodI huI pRthvI, khAna Adi bhI punaH bhara jAtI haiN| jisa prakAra manuSya ke zarIra meM vRddhi hotI hai usI prakAra parvata bhI bar3hate haiN| manuSya ke zarIra kA bhaMga hone para usameM vRddhi nahIM hotI, usI prakAra khAna meM se patthara Adi nikAlane para unakA vikAsa nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra ThaNDa meM manuSya ke mukha se garma bhApa nikalatI hai, usI prakAra kuA~ Adi se bhI bhApa nikalatI hai| manuSya-zarIra ke samAna hI pAnI bhI sardI meM garama aura garmI meM ThaNDA rahatA hai| jyAdA ThaMDa hone para manuSya-zarIra ke samAna pAnI bhI sikur3a kara barpha kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA haiN|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tanva agni sajIva hai| jisa prakAra mRta zarIra meM uSNatA nahIM rahatI, usI prakAra agni bujha jAne para ThaMDI par3a jAtI haiN| bhojana prApta hone para manuSya-zarIra meM vRddhi hotI hai aura na milane para vaha kSINa hotA hai| yahI bAta agni para bhI lAgU hotI hai| iMdhana prApta hone para vaha bar3hatI hai aura na milane para zAnta hokara nisteja ho jAtI haiN| manuSya ke samAna agni bhI havA ke binA nahIM raha sktii| vaha bhI prANavAyu (oNksIjana) letI hai aura viSavAyu (kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa) chor3atI hai| vAyu manuSya aura tiryaca (pazu-pakSI) ke samAna calatI rahatI hai| vaha anya jIvoM ke samAna apane zarIra kA saMkoca-vistAra bhI karatI hai| vanaspatiyoM kI sajIvatA se to saba paricita haiN| DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra basu ne apane prayogoM dvArA yaha siddha kiyA hai| unhoMne apane saMzodhana se yaha bhI siddha kiyA hai ki vRkSoM ko bhI jIvita rahane ke lie anna, pAnI, havA, prakAza Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ekendriya jIvoM meM sajIvatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAnava-zarIra ke sAtha vanaspati kI tulanA karate hue spaSTa kahA hai ki manuSyoM ke samAna per3oM meM bhI cetanA zakti hai| sukha, duHkha, AghAta Adi kA anubhava ve bhI karate haiN| manuSya ke zarIra para ghAva Adi hone para ve punaH ThIka ho jAte haiN| usI prakAra vRkSa bhI chinna-bhitra hone para punaH acche ho jAte haiN| vRkSoM ko bhI manuSyoM ke samAna bhUkha-pyAsa kA anubhava hotA hai| anna, pAnI Adi prApta hone para manuSya-zarIra ke samAna vRkSa bhI bar3hate haiM aura prApta na hone para sUkha jAte haiN| Ayu samApta hone para vRkSa bhI manuSya ke samAna mara jAte haiN| vanaspatiyoM ke lie jo kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha anya pRthvI Adi ekendriya jIvoM ke bAre meM bhI samajhanA caahie| vRkSoM ke dRSTAnta se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ekendriya jIvoM meM cetanA hai aura unameM cetanAjanya pravRtti avyakta rUpa meM hotI rahatI hai| jaba taka jIva kA zarIra ke sAtha saMbaMdha rahatA hai taba taka zarIra ke saMyoga se hone vAlI bhUkha-pyAsa, TaMDa, uSNatA, sonA, uThanA, baiThanA, vizrAma karanA Adi kriyAe~ vyakta aura avyakta rUpa meM hotI rahatI haiM aura ina kriyAoM se unakI cetanA kA jJAna hotA rahatA hai| saMsAra ke saba jIvoM meM (kITa, pataMga, deva, nArakI, pazu-pakSI, vanaspati, manuSya Adi kisI bhI zarIra ke rUpa meM ve kyoM na hoM) cetanA hai aura sukha, duHkha Adi kA anubhava karane kI kSamatA hai| ve sabhI jIva haiN| jIvoM kI saMkhyA

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37 anaMtAnaMta hai| unakI saMkhyA na zakti ke dvArA ve isa loka meM sadaiva raheMge / 76 pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu inameM jIva hai yaha siddha karane ke pazcAt vanaspati meM bhI jIva hai aisA Agama meM aura syAdvAdamaMjarI meM spaSTa rUpa se siddha kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai - vanaspati meM bhI jIva hai kyoMki mAnava zarIra ke samAna usakA chedana karane para vaha duHkhI hotI hai| striyoM ke pAda- prahAra karane para kucha vanaspatiyoM meM vikAra utpanna hotA hai| isase 'vanaspatiyoM meM jIva hai' yaha siddha hotA hai / jIva isa prakAra hemacandrAcArya aura AgamoM ne 'pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni aura vanaspati ye saba ajIva haiM, yaha siddha kiyA hai 77 jIva- ajIva : vastu-vicAra mukta saMsArI trasa rathAvara aNu ratnaprabhAgata jalacara zarkarAprabhAgata bAlukA paMkaprabhA jaina darzana ke nava tattva kabhI kama hogI aura na hI bddh'egii| apanI cetanA dvIndriya trIndriya caturindriya paJcendriya saMjJI asaMjJI nArakI tiryaca manuSya deva dhUmaprabhA tamaprabhA mahAtamaprabhA bhUcara khecara pudgala dharma adharma skaMdha - buddhi vikriyA tapa bala auSadhi Arya mleccha RddhiprApta anRddhiprApta kSetrArya jAtyArya karmArya rasa akSaNi AkAza loka aloka vyavahAra nizcaya cAritrArya darzanArya ajIva pRthvI jala teja vAyu vanaspati pratyeka sAdhAraNa nityanigoda kAla itaranigoda kSetramleccha karmamleccha

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva mana ke bheda mana ke do bheda haiM- (1) dravyamana (2) bhAvamana inakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI haipudgalavipAkI nAmakarma ke udgama se dravyamana hotA hai aura vIryAntarAya athavA iMdriyAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se hone vAlI Atmavizuddhi bhAvamana hai / mana ke sAtha hone vAlA jIva samanaska aura manarahita hone vAlA jIva amanaska hai / isa prakAra do prakAra ke jIvoM ke do bheda haiN| 38 sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama sUtra meM dravyamana kI aura bhAvamana kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai 'manovargaNA ke dvArA aSTadala kamala ke AkAra ke bane hue aMtaHkaraNa ko dravyamana kahate haiM aura jIva ke upayogarUpa pariNAma ko bhAvamana kahate haiN| mana kA artha- jisake dvArA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai aisI Atmika zakti mana hai / yaha bhAvamana hai aura isakI sahAyatA karane vAlA jo eka prakAra kA sUkSma paramANu-mana hai, vaha dravyamana hai / manana karanA mana hai athavA jisake dvArA manana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mana hai- 'manaH mananaM manyate anena vA manaH / ' zarIra ke bheda saMsArI jIva dehadhArI hote haiN| dehadhArI jIva ananta haiN| unake zarIra alaga-alaga hone se ve vyaktizaH ananta haiM / parantu kAryakAraNa- dRSTi se unake pA~ca bheda batAe gae haiM (1) audArika (2) vaikriya (3) AhAraka ( 4 ) tejas (5) kArmaNa | - jIva kI kriyA ke sAdhana ko zarIra kahate haiM / (1) audArika jo zarIra jalAyA jA sakatA hai, jisakA vicchedana ho sakatA hai, usa zarIra ko audArika zarIra kahate haiM / yaha zarIra manuSya aura tiryaca ( pazu- pakSI) kA hotA hai / (2) vaikriya jo zarIra kabhI choTA to kabhI bar3A ho jAtA hai, kabhI moTA to kabhI kRza ho jAtA hai, jo kabhI eka hotA hai aura kabhI aneka / isa prakAra aneka rUpoM ko jo dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha vaikriya zarIra hai / (3) AhAraka jo zarIra kevala caturdazapUrvadhArI muni kA hI hotA hai, vaha * AhAraka zarIra hai / ( 4 ) tejas - jo zarIra tejomaya hone se khAe hue AhAra Adi kA pAcana karatA hai, vaha tejas zarIra kahalAtA hai /

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (5) kArmaNa - karmasamUha kA kArmaNa zarIra hai| ullikhita pA~coM zarIra uttarottara sUkSma hote jAne vAle zarIra haiN|" dehaparimANa jIva jIva ke parimANa [Magnitude] ke saMbaMdha meM bauddha dharma mAnatA hai ki AtmA vijJAna kA pravAha hai| isakA koI parimANa nahIM ho sktaa| rAmAnuja mAdhva aura vallabha saMpradAya ke anuyAyI mAnate haiM ki jIva kA parimANa aNu [Atom] ke samAna hai| naiyAyika, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, pAtaMjala aura advaita vedAntI jIvAtmA ko "vibhu" [AIIPervasive] sarvavyApaka, mAnate haiN| cArvAka, zUnyavAdI aura jaina AtmA ko aNu aura vibhu ke madhya kI avasthA mAnate haiM arthAt jIvAtmA madhyama parimANa kA hai| rAmAnuja, mAdhva aura vallabha saMpradAya ke mata meM jIva kA parimANa aNu [Atom] sadRza hai| ve jIva ko yavasadRza, aMgulamAtra mAnate haiN| parantu jainadarzana aisA nahIM maantaa| jainadarzana meM jIva zarIra ke samAna mAnA gayA hai| saMsArI AtmA zarIra ke binA nahIM raha sktaa| isalie use zarIra-pramANa mAnanA hI ucita hai| __ padmarAgamaNi agara dUdha meM DAlI jAye to dUdha ke parimANa ke samAna hI usakA prakAza phailatA hai| usI prakAra jIvAtmA zarIra-pramANa meM hI rahatA hai| jIva jisa zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai, usa zarIra se abhinna dikhAI detA hai phira bhI vAstavika deha aura jIva bhinna-bhitra haiN| jIva kA deha ke samAna saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai| jo jIva hAthI meM hotA hai, vahI cIMTI ke zarIra meM bhI hotA hai| saMkoca aura vistAra ina donoM avasthAoM meM pradeza aura avayavasaMkhyA samAna rahatI hai| re tattvArthasUtra meM Atma-pradeza ko upamA dIpaka se dI gaI hai| jIva kA svarUpa dIpaka ke samAna saMkucita aura vistRta hotA hai| khulI jagaha meM rakhe dIpaka kA prakAza viziSTa maryAdA taka hotA hai| jaba dIpaka ko kisI kamare meM rakhA jAtA hai, taba usakA prakAza kamare ke parimANa meM phailatA hai| parantu usI dIpaka ko jaba kisI hA~DI meM rakhA jAtA hai, taba usa hA~DI ke parimANa meM hI usakA prakAza dikhAI detA hai| loTe ke nIce jaba dIpaka rakhA jAtA hai, taba usakA prakAza loTe jitanA hI hotA hai|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva isI prakAra jIva bhI dIpaka ke samAna saMkocazIla aura vistArazIla hai / isalie jIva jaba choTe-moTe zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai taba deha ke parimANa ke anusAra saMkucita aura vistRta hotA hai / 40 bRhadravyasaMgraha meM deha ke samAna jIva kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vyavahAranaya se samudghAta avasthA ke binA yaha jIva saMkoca aura vistAra se choTe-bar3e zarIra ke anusAra rahatA hai aura nizcayanaya se jIva asaMkhyAta pradeza kA dhAraka banatA hai / 3 vyAkhyAprajJapti ke sAtaveM zataka ke AThaveM uddezaka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki hAthI aura kuMthu ( atisUkSma kITa) kA jIva eka jaisA hai| AcArya nemicandra ne dravyasaMgraha meM deha - pramANa kA nimna prakAra se ullekha kiyA hai jIva upayogarUpa hai, amUrta hai, kartA hai, dehapramANa hai, bhoktA hai, siddha hai aura svabhAva se Urdhvagamana karane vAlA hai| jIva meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ye cAra pudgala ke dharma nahIM haiM, isalie jIva svabhAva se amUrta hai| pradeza meM jIva saMkocazIla aura vistArazIla hotA hai isalie jIva choTe-bar3e zarIroM ke anusAra dehapramANa hotA hai| 1 AtmA ke AkAra ke saMbaMdha meM bhAratIya darzana meM mukhyataH tIna mata dikhAI dete haiN| zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM AtmA ke (1) sarvagata yA vyApaka (2) aMguSThamAtra aura (3) aNurUpa hone kA ullekha hai / 6 nAma, jo jIva saMjJI hote haiM ve samanaska haiN| saMjJA ke vividha artha haiM icchA, samyagjJAna Adi / jaina darzana ke anusAra AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha ko saMjJA kahA gayA hai / parantu yahA~ saMpradhAraNa saMjJA kI dRSTi se jo jIva saMjJA ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM, unheM samanaska kahate haiM / jainadarzana mAnatA hai ki jIvAtmA deha ke AkAra ke samAna bar3A parantu deha se bhinna hai| AtmA deha ke bar3e hone ke sAtha bar3hane vAlA aura kSaya hone ke sAtha kSINa hone vAlA hai| jIvAtmA kI vRddhi hotI hai isalie vaha pariNAmI - nitya hai, kUTastha- 1 - nitya nahIM / zrI joga kA yaha pratipAdana ucita nahIM hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kI vRddhi yA kSaya kabhI nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra kisI dIpaka ko choTe kamare meM rakhane para usakA prakAza usa kamare jitanA hI phailatA hai, parantu usI dIpaka ko - -

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva kisI bar3e dIvAnakhAne meM rakhane para usakA prakAza dIvAnakhAne jitanA phailatA hai| arthAt dIpaka kI vRddhi yA kSaya nahIM hotA, dIpaka jitanA thA utanA hI rahatA hai, usI prakAra zarIra kA pramANa choTA ho yA bar3A AtmA zarIra ke AkAra anusAra hI vyApaka rahatA hai, usakI vRddhi yA kSaya nahIM hotaa| ke 41 jIvAjIvAbhigama yA jIvAbhigama jaina Agama kA tIsarA upAMga hai| isameM mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara ke praznottara ke rUpa meM jIva aura ajIva inake bheda-prabheda kA vistRta varNana hai / jijJAsu usakA anuzIlana kara sakate haiN| jIva aura karma jIva aura karma kA anAdi saMbaMdha eka gRhIta tattva hai| isI saMbaMdha se saMsAra kI samasta bAtoM kA kAraNakAryabhAva spaSTa ho jAtA hai| jaina-dharma ke anusAra karma atyaMta sUkSma pudgala paryAya hai aura saMpUrNa loka usase vyApta hai| pratyeka jIva kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyAoM se AtmA meM eka prakAra kA spandana hotA hai| yaha spandana zubha hone para puNya karma kA baMdha hotA hai aura azubha hone para pApa karma kA bandha hotA hai / spandana - hone para baMdha hotA hI nahIM hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina kaSAyoM se karmabaMdha kA svarUpa nizcita hotA hai / jIva aura karma kA paraspara saMbaMdha jaina - zAstra kA mukhya viSaya hai| jIva ke aneka bheda haiN| unameM 'nigoda' nAmaka eka atyaMta sUkSma prakAra hai / atyaMta sUkSma aura sAmUhika jIvatattva se mukta jIva taka jIva ke aneka bheda hote haiM / usI prakAra zuddhi ke mArga para calane vAle jIvoM meM alaga-alaga stara bhI hote haiN| inheM 'guNasthAna' kahate haiN| alaga-alaga guNasthAnoM meM jIva kA svarUpa, dharmAcaraNa karane kI zakti aura AtmaniSTha vicAroM kA bala nirantara bar3hatA jAtA hai, aura antima guNasthAna meM jIva karma se aura karma - kAraNoM se pUrNatayA mukta ho jAtA hai / jaise jIva ke bheda haiM vaise hI karma ke bhI alaga-alaga bheda haiN| jaise karma ke jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya-ye ATha bheda hai, vaise hI pratyeka kI kAlamaryAdA (sthiti), phala dene kI zakti ( anubhAga ) aura vistAra yA pramANa ( pradeza ) bhI alaga-alaga haiM / jaise duSpravRtti se karma kA baMdha hotA hai, vaise hI satpravRtti aura saMyama se karma kA Agamana kama hokara usakA baMdha zithila bhI ho jAtA hai| tapazcaryA ke dvArA avaziSTa karmoM kA nAza kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa saMsAra ke sukha-duHkha aura paraloka ke janma kA svarUpa aura vahA~ ke sukha-duHkha pUrNataH karma ke hI phala haiN|

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42 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Adhunika vijJAna aura jIvatattva :vartamAna yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai| isa yuga meM pratyeka siddhAnta vijJAna kI kasauTI para kasakara dekhA jAtA hai| jo siddhAnta vijJAna kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utaratA, use aMdhavizvAsa kahA jAtA hai| usa siddhAnta para koI bhI vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| jaina darzana ke siddhAnta vijJAna kI kasauTI para pUrNatayA khare utare haiN| vijJAna kA vikAsa hone se pahale jaina darzana ke jina siddhAntoM ko anya dArzanika kapolakalpita mAnate the, ve hI siddhAnta Aja vijJAna-yuga meM satya siddha hue haiN| jisa yuga meM prayogazAlAe~ aura yAntrika sAdhana nahIM the, usa yuga meM aise siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karanA nizcita hI una mahApuruSoM ke alaukika jJAna kA pramANa hai| vaijJAnika yuga meM jar3a aura cetana ke bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki donoM kA mUla eka hI hai| phira bhI vaijJAnikoM kA kahanA yaha hai ki pratyeka jar3a vastu meM jIvANu nahIM haiM aura svecchAnusAra unheM utpatra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaisemiTTI kI iMTa meM cetanA nahIM A sktii| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki cetanasRSTi jIvANu se hI nirmita hotI hai| Adhunika prANizAstra mAnatA hai ki cetanA yA jIva kA prArambha zaivAla (kAI) yA burasI se huA hai| jaina-paribhASA meM ise 'nigoda' kahA jAtA hai| jaina-dharma prathamataH jIva kA vibhAjana vyavahAra rAzi aura avyavahAra rAzi ke rUpa meM karatA hai| jo jIva nigoda se nikalakara anya yoniyoM meM ghUmate haiM, ve vyavahAra rAzi meM Ate haiN| jo abhI taka nigoda se bAhara Ae nahIM, ve vyavahAra rAzi meM Ate haiN| isa prakAra se bhI vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai(1) pratyeka vanaspati aura (2) sAdhAraNa vnspti| jisa vanaspati meM pratyeka jIva kA alaga-alaga zarIra hai, usa vanaspati ko "pratyeka vanaspati" kahate haiN| jisa vanaspati meM eka hI zarIra meM ananta jIva rahate haiM, usa vanaspati ko "sAdhAraNa vanaspati' kahate haiN| nigoda ko sAdhAraNa vanaspati kahA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa vanaspati ke viSaya meM mAnA gayA hai ki pratyeka zarIra meM anantAnanta jIva rahate haiN| ve vyavahAra rAzi meM Ate rahate haiN| vijJAna ne zaivAla tathA burasI ko jIvANuoM kA prathama

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva utpattisthAna mAnA hai aura jaina-dharma bhI use anantAnanta jIvoM kA bhaNDAra mAnatA hai| eka hI zarIra meM ananta jIvoM kA astittva mAnane se aisA dikhAI detA hai ki usameM svataMtra kartRtva yA puruSArtha nahIM hai| kevala vikAsa kI yogyatA hai| use Ama kahie yA guTalI, kucha vizeSa pharka nahIM pdd'taa| jaina darzana meM kahA gayA hai ki malamUtra, zleSma Adi vastuoM meM bhI jIva nirantara utpanna hokara marate rahate haiN| isa prakAra ke jIvoM ko 'sammUrchima jIva' kahate haiN| ina jIvoM kI hamezA vRddhi hotI rahatI hai| prANiyoM ke bAre meM vijJAna bhI yahI mAnatA hai ki pratyeka AI vastu meM kITANu rahate haiN| pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati kI sajIvatA ko anya dArzanika kapolakalpita mAnate the| parantu Aja vijJAna ne ye bAteM satya siddha kara dI haiN| zrI eca-TI- barsaTApena kA kahanA hai . "jisa prakAra bAlaka bar3hatA hai, usI prakAra parvata bhI dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA hai|" duniyA ke parvatoM ke bar3hane ke saMbaMdha meM ve kahate haiM- 'nyUginI ke parvatoM ne aba apanI zaizavAvasthA ko pAra kiyA hai| selivIsa ke dakSiNa kI tarapha ke pUrva bhAga, bholUkAsa ke kucha bhU-bhAga aura iMDoneziyA kI bhUmi kI U~cAI bar3ha rahI hai| zrI sugAte kA mata hai ki 'nyUjIlaiMDa ke pazcima kI ora ke nelsana ke pahAr3a "plAisTosIna"- yuga ke anta meM vikasita hue haiN|' zrI velmena ke kathana ke anusAra Alpsa parvata-mAlA kA pazcimI bhAga Aja bhI bar3ha rahA hai| dvIpa kI bhUmi kA U~cA uThanA aura parvatoM kI vRddhi pRthvI kI sajIvatA ke spaSTa pramANa haiN| prasiddha vaijJAnika zrI kaipTena skavesivI ne eka yantra ke dvArA batAyA hai ki eka choTe se jalakaNa meM chattIsa hajAra cAra sau pacAsa jIva hote haiN| isase apakAya jIva kI siddhi hotI hai| jisa prakAra manuSya, pazu Adi sajIva prANI sA~sa dvArA zuddha vAyurUpa oNksIjana (Oxygen) grahaNa kara jIvita rahate haiM aura oNksIjana yA zuddha havA ke abhAva meM marate haiM, usI prakAra agni bhI havA se oNksIjana lekara jIvita rahatI hai| arthAt jalatI hai| vaha kisI bartana se Dhakane para yA anya kisI prakAra se havA na milane para turanta bujha jAtI hai| isase tejaskAya (agnikAya) jIva kI siddhi hotI hai| vaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki suI ke

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva agra bhAga ke barAbara havA meM lAkhoM jIva hote haiN| una jIvoM ko 'theksa' kahA jAtA hai I 44 vanaspati bhI sajIva hai / vijJAna yuga meM sarvaprathama yaha bAta sara jagadIza candra basu ne siddha karake dikhaaii| unhoMne yaMtroM kI sahAyatA se pratyakSataH dikhA diyA ki vRkSa-paudhe Adi vanaspatiyA~ manuSya ke samAna anukUla paristhiti meM sukhI aura pratikUla paristhiti meM duHkhI hotI haiM aura harSa, zoka, rudana Adi kriyAe~ bhI karatI haiN| jainAgama mAnatA hai ki AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha ye cAroM kriyAe~ vanaspatiyoM meM hotI haiM / vaijJAnikoM ne siddha kiyA hai ki vanaspatiyA~ miTTI, pAnI, vAyu aura prakAza se AhAra grahaNa kara apane zarIra kA poSaNa karatI haiN| AhAra ke abhAva meM vanaspatiyA~ jIvita nahIM raha sakatIM / vanaspatiyA~ pazu ke samAna mAMsAhArI aura zAkAhArI donoM prakAra kI hotI haiN| Ama, nIbU, jAmuna Adi vanaspatiyA~ nirAmiSa haiN| sAmiSa vanaspatiyA~ vizeSataH videzoM meM dikhAI detI haiN| oNsTreliyA meM eka vanaspati hai / usakI TahaniyoM meM zera ke paMje ke samAna bar3e-bar3e kA~Te haiN| jaba koI ghur3asavAra usa vRkSa ke nIce se gujaratA hai to, jisa prakAra cItA hirana para jhapaTa par3atA hai, usI prakAra usa ghur3asavAra ko vaha vanaspati uThA letI hai aura vaha savAra usa vanaspati kA bhakSya bana jAtA hai / amerikA ke uttara kerolinA rAjya meM 'vInasa phlAITrepa' nAmaka vRkSa hai 1 jaise hI koI kITa-pataMgA usake patte para baiThatA hai, vaha pattA svataH baMda ho jAtA hai / vRkSa jaba usa kITa ke rakta, mAMsa kA zoSaNa kara letA hai, taba vaha pattA khulatA hai aura usameM se kITa kA sUkhA zarIra nIce gira jAtA hai| isI prakAra pIcara plAMTa, rena haiDrayU TaTrampaTa, vaTaravaoNrTa, sanaDrayU upasa, Taca-mI-naoNTa Adi aneka mAMsAhArI vRkSa haiN| ve jIvita kIToM ko pakar3akara khAne kI kalA meM pravINa haiM / 1 bhayabhIta hone vAlI vanaspatiyoM meM chuImuI prasiddha hai / pattoM ko u~galI dikhAne para yaha vanaspati bhayabhIta hokara zarIra ko saMkucita kara letI hai vanaspatiyoM meM maithuna Adi kriyAe~ kisa prakAra ghaTatI haiM isakA vivecana zrI pI0 lakSmIkAMta ne navanIta ( agasta 1955, pR0 26 se 32 ) meM vistAra se kiyA hai| samasta vanaspatiyA~ apane apatyoM ke lie anna kA saMgraha karatI haiM 1 vanaspatizAstrajJoM kA kahanA hai ki eka bhI phUlane vAlA vRkSa aisA nahIM hai jo apane

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45 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva apatyoM ke lie bIja rUpa meM Avazyaka annasaMgraha nahIM krtaa| aise vRkSa vasanta aura grISma Rtu meM bar3e parizrama se ana-sAmagrI jamA karate haiN| vanaspatiyoM kI nidrA kA varNana (navanIta, aprela 1652, pR0 26) karate hue zrI hiraNyamaya bosa likhate haiM - "jisa prakAra jIvita prANI (calane vAle va ghUmane vAle) parizrama ke bAda rAtri meM sokara thakAvaTa dUra karate haiM, usI prakAra vanaspatiyA~ bhI rAtri meM sotI haiN| sUDAna aura vesTaiMDIja meM eka aisA vRkSa hai jisameM se dina meM vividha prakAra kI rAga-rAginiyA~ nikalatI haiM aura rAta meM aisA ronA zurU ho jAtA hai jaise kisI kI mRtyu ho gaI ho| DaoN0 jagadIzacaMdra basu ne vanaspatiyoM kI krodha, ghRNA, prema, AliMgana Adi anya aneka pravRttiyoM para kAphI prakAza DAlA haiN| jaina-graMthoM meM vanaspatiyoM kI adhikatama Ayu dasa hajAra varSa batAI gaI hai| prasiddha zAstrajJa eDamaNDa zumAMzA ke anusAra Aja bhI amerIkA meM keliphorniyA ke nezanala pArka meM cAra hajAra chaha sau varSa kI umra ke vRkSa vidyamAna haiN| cetanA ke isa vikAsa-krama ko prANizAstrajJoM ne bhI mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| ve bhI 'vRkSoM meM jIva hai| yaha mAnane lage haiN| ve amIbA se manuSya taka ke kramika vikAsa ko mAnate haiN| lInA desAI ne 'vanaspatiyoM kA rahasyamaya jIvana' lekha meM aneka udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA hai ki vanaspatiyA~ sajIva haiN|" jIva kA vikAsakrama jaina darzana meM jIvoM kA krama isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai - asaMjJI jIvoM kI sattA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne hajAroM varSa pahale pratipAdita kI thii| Aja vijJAna bhI ise mAnatA hai| jarmanI ke jIvazAstrajJa arnesTa hekela ne "riDala oNpha lAipha" meM agnikAya jIvoM kI sattA mAnI hai| unhone avyakta jIvasattA ko bhI mAnA hai| jIva tathA nirjIva ke madhya meM 'moneTA' ke astittva ko unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai jo donoM se bhinna hai| nirjIva meM jIvana hai hI nahIM, sajIva meM vaha vyakta hotA hai| avyakta jIvana kI bhI sthiti hai| vedAnta ke mata se avyakta aura vyakta ina donoM rUpoM meM jIvana hai| vaijJAnikoM ne paramANu meM icchA aura cetanA [Consciousness & Volition] kI zakti mAnya kI hai| unakA anizcitatA siddhAnta isI kA dyotaka hai| paramANu ke Antarika ghaTaka, niyamoM ko chor3akara bhI kriyA karate haiN| unake saMbaMdha meM prasthApita niyamoM ke AdhAra para nizcita rUpa se kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| yahI

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46 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva isa siddhAnta kA Azaya hai| niyama nizcita hote haiM lekina icchA anizcita hotI hai| niyama baddha hote haiM para icchA mukt| jaina-darzana mAnatA hai ki anAdi kAla se 'jIva' pudgala ke sAtha milA huA hai| dhIre-dhIre vaha svayaM hI svayaM ko dravya ke AvaraNa se prakAzita karatA hai| isa Antarika prakAza kA krama yahI vikAsa hai| anAvaraNa hone kI yaha prakriyA hI vikAsa hai| thor3A sA AvaraNa haTate hI ki ekendriya jIva banate haiN| vijJAna bhI jIva ke vikAsa kA krama ekapezIya jIva amIbA [Amoeba] se zurU karatA hai| yaha amIbA vikAsa karate-karate bahupezIya jIva proTojoA [Protozoa] banatA hai| isake bAda vaha jelI machalI, jalacara prANI, ubhayacara jIva, pazu aura pakSI ke stara pAra karatA jAtA hai| yaha vikAsa kaise hotA jAtA hai? vastutaH "vikAsa" isake lie ucita nahIM hai| vikAsa kA artha hai bar3hanA, phailanA yA jyAdA honaa| jyAdA honA yAnI bAhara se kucha grahaNa karate jaanaa| sacamuca dekhA jAe to aisA nahIM hai| bAhara se grahaNa karanA nahIM, apitu bAhara jo hai use haTAnA hI vikAsa hai| bAhara AvaraNa hai use haTAnA hI pdd'egaa| use grahaNa karane se to vikAsa kI prakriyA ulTI ho jaaegii| Antarika prakAza hI vikAsa hai| svabhAvataH hI jo "pUrNa" hai, vaha grahaNa kyA karegA aura kyoM karegA? use to khuda kA vikAsa karanA hai, anAvRtta honA hai| adhikAdhika prakAzita honA hai| sAMkhyadarzana isIlie kahatA hai ki "prakRtiH pUryAt" arthAt prakRti paripUrNa hai| vaha apane ko prakaTa kara rahI hai| vaijJAnika paribhASA meM involyUzana [Involution] ke binA ivolyUzana [Evolution] nahIM hotA hai| aravinda ghoSa aura svAmI vivekAnanda kI vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM vahI dhAraNA thI jo vedAnta, sAMkhya aura jaina-darzana kI hai| vargasAM kA "sRjanAtmaka vikAsa" siddhAnta isa zatAbdI meM tattvajJAna ko eka mahAna dena hai| krAisTa, buddha, mahAvIra aura kapila ne jo pratipAdita kiyA, vargasAM kA siddhAnta vaijJAnika stara para usI kA puSTi karatA hai| eka amIbA bhaviSyatkAla kA buddha hai aura eka buddha bhUtakAla kA amIbA hai| usase pahale vaha avyakta thA, astittvahIna nahIM thaa| anastittva se astittva nahIM aataa| zUnya se sRjana ho hI nahIM sktaa| jo "hai" usakA vyakta, avyakta rUpa meM parivartana hotA hai| yaha parivartana bhI Upara-Upara kA hai| sAgara kI lahareM utpanna hotI haiM aura gira jAtI haiN| antarbhAga meM to zAnta, apAra tathA nirAkAra pAnI hI rahatA hai| vikAsa

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47 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kI yaha samagra prakriyA anAvaraNa kI hai| isa anAvaraNa kI prakriyA ko Age bar3hAkara hama pUrNatA taka pahu~cA sakate haiN| nisarga isa dizA meM dhIre-dhIre Age bar3ha rahA hai| kyoMki prakRti ko saba ko lekara calanA hai| tIna araba varSa pahale pRthvI kI nirmiti huii| eka karor3a varSa pUrva jIva kI nirmiti huii| dasa lAkha varSa pUrva Adi mAnava ke pUrvaja avatarita hue| bandara mAnava kA pUrvaja hai| yaha mAnava ke vikAsa kI dizA kA sUcaka hai| saMskRta meM "vAnara' (bandara) zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai - kiMvA naraH vAnaraH - "kyA yaha mAnava hai?" hA~, thor3A bahuta usI ke samAna hai| ATha hajAra varSa pahale "homIsepiyana" jAti ke mAnava Ae, jo Aja haiN| usake bAda cAra-pA~ca hajAra varSa nikala jAne para kucha atimAnava aae| cAra hajAra varSa pahale kRSNa, do hajAra varSa pahale mahAvIra, buddha aura unake bAda krAisTa Adi milakara muTThIbhara aise jIva utpanna hue jinhoMne bhaviSya ke vikAsa ke lie saMketa die / varSA kI sarvaprathama pA~ca-dasa bUMde giratI haiN| unake madhya kAla kA aMtara jyAdA hotA hai| usake bAda joradAra varSA hotI hai| hajAra varSoM ke vikAsa meM kyA hone vAlA hai? hama rUpAntara kI kisa sthiti meM jAne vAle haiM? ise mahApuruSa sujhAte haiN| anta meM ve kAla ke Age jAkara kAlAtIta hote haiN| kyoMki AvaraNa-kSaya kI prakriyA pUrI ho jAtI hai| caitanya pudgala ke AvaraNa ko haTAkara zuddha-buddha aura mukta hotA hai| akhaNDa jyotisvarUpa banatA hai| vikAsa kA dhyeya yahI hai| nisarga hama saba ko lekara usI dizA meM Age bar3ha rahA hai| parantu isa vikAsa-prakriyA ko hama itanA tIvra nahIM banA sakate ki hajAroM varSoM kI icchA kucha voM meM yA mahInoM meM pUrI ho jaaye| hamAre andara ananta prakAra kI kSamatAe~ haiN| hama kyA nahIM kara sakate yaha prazna hI nahIM hai| ananta kAla ke krama ko mahIne yA dina meM nahIM, kucha kSaNoM meM hI pUrNa kara sakate haiN| mahAvIra, buddha, krAisTa, rAma aura kRSNa inhoMne yahI to kiyaa| hajAroM varSoM se jJAnI puruSa kahate Ae haiM ki AtmA ananta vIrya, ananta Ananda tathA ananta zakti se pUrNa hai| vaha svabhAvataH hI mukta hai| bAhara se kucha prApta nahIM karanA hai| aMtaHprakAzana ko adhikatama tIvra karanA hai| jo hama kara sakate haiM vaha mAnavetara prANI nahIM kara skte| hamAre andara icchA yA saMkalpa hai| viveka [Reason] hai| sabase bar3I bAta hai svayaM ko svayaM meM dekhane kI kssmtaa| yahI aMtardarzana [Introspection] hai| yaha aisI prakriyA hai jo AvaraNa ko jalA detI hai| aMtaHbodha se vaha AvaraNa jo yugoM se kSINa hotA AyA hai aura kSINa honA hai, kSaNamAtra meM dagdha ho jAtA hai|

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48 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ___ gItAkAra ke ojasvI zabdoM meM-"jJAnAgniH sarva karmANi bhasmasAd kurute'rjuna'- he arjuna! yaha jJAna kI agni saba kamoM ko bhasma kara DAlatI hai, Akhira vaha jJAna kauna-sA hai? vaha hai tttvjnyaan| 2 / __ AtmA ke astittva kI siddhi AtmA kA svarUpa samajhane se pahale AtmA kA astittva samajhanA caahie| kyoMki AtmA ke abhAva meM AtmasvarUpa saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA - ___ "mUlaM nAsti kutaH shaakhaaH"| agara mUla hI na ho to TahaniyA~ tathA patte kahA~ se hoMge? AtmA kA astittva samajhane ke lie kucha bAtoM ko samajhanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai - (1) jIva hai (2) vaha nitya hai (3) vaha karma kA kartA hai (4) vaha karmaphalabhoktA hai (5) mokSa hai aura (6) mokSa-prApti ke upAya bhI haiN|3 jo yaha mAnate haiM ki jIva hai arthAt jIva kA astittva hai unhIM ko samyaktva prApta hotA hai, dUsaroM ko nhiiN| agara jIva yA AtmA kA astittva nahIM mAnA jAye to pApa-puNya ke vicAra nirarthaka hoNge| svarga aura naraka kI bAteM nirarthaka hoNgii| punarjanma aura paraloka kI bAteM arthahIna hoNgii| isalie AtmA kA astittva svIkAra karanA AtmavAda yA mokSavAda kI buniyAda kI pahalI IMTa hai| aba AtmA ke astittva para vicAra kreN| AtmA ke astittva ko samasta bhAratIya darzana mAnate haiN| pAzcAtya darzana ke itihAsa ko dekheM to adhikAMzataH vahA~ bhI hameM AtmA ke amara astittva kA samarthana milatA hai| pleTo ne kahA hai - "saMsAra ke sAre padArtha dvaMdvAtmaka haiN| isalie jIvana ke pazcAt mRtyu aura mRtyu ke pazcAt jIvana aparihArya hai|" isI prakAra saoNkreTIja, aeNrisTaoNTala Adi dArzanika AtmA ke astittva ko mAnate haiN| kucha vidvAn kahate haiM ki AtmA kA astittva hI nahIM hai| unakA kahanA hai ki AtmA dikhAI nahIM detA, phira usakA astittva kaise? ve kahate haiM - 'pratyakSa dikhAie, tabhI mAneMge, parantu AtmA koI lakar3I yA lohe kI vastu nahIM hai jise hAtha para lekara dikhAyA jA sake? jo vastu arUpI hai, A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM detI, usa vastu ko dikhAne ke lie parizrama karanA par3atA hai, buddhi kA ucita upayoga karanA par3atA hai| AtmA ko jAnane vAle se satsaMga karanA par3atA hai| agara isa bAta ke lie vyakti taiyAra ho to AtmA ko dikhAnA va AtmA kI pratIti karAnA kiMcit hI kaThina hai|

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49 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva isa jagat meM jo vastue~ A~khoM se dikhAI detI haiM, unhIM ko hama mAnate hoM, aisA nahIM hai| jo vastu A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM detI, parantu kArya karate hue dikhAI detI hai, use bhI mAnA jAtA hai| pA~ca hajAra varSa pahale mohana-jo-dar3o zahara thaa| usake rAste vizAla the, ghara sundara the| bAga-bagIce the| yaha hama kyoM mAnate haiM? isakA kyA AdhAra hai? kevala vahA~ mile avazeSoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha saba samajha sakate haiN| yaha saba hamane apanI A~khoM se to dekhI nahIM haiN| havA ko A~khoM se kauna dekha sakatA hai? parantu vRkSoM kI TahaniyA~ hilatI haiM, maMdira para lagA huA dhvaja phaharatA hai, taba hama kahate haiM ki havA jyAdA hai| kahane kA Azaya yahI hai ki havA A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM detii| parantu usake kAryoM se hama jAna sakate haiM ki havA hai| ilekTrisiTI dvArA aneka kArya hote haiN| baTana dabAte hI paMkhA ghUmane lagatA hai, prakAza phailatA hai| parantu paMkhA calAne vAlI yA prakAza dene vAlI vidyut zakti ko kyA Apane A~khoM se dekhA hai? kitanI bhI tIkSNa dRSTi hone para bhI hama vidyutzakti ko A~khoM se nahIM dekha skte| kitanA bhI mUlyavAna yatra A~khoM para lagAne para bhI vidyutzakti dikhAI nahIM de sktii| usake kArya se hI hama jAnate haiM ki yaha kArya vidyutzakti se hotA hai| Aja ghara-ghara meM reDiyo kI AvAja sunAI detI hai aura kahA jAtA hai ki yaha gIta amerikA se prasArita huA, yaha gIta kolaMbo se prasArita huA, yaha gIta kalakattA se prasArita huaa| parantu yaha gIta amerikA, kolaMbo aura kalakattA se kaise AyA? kaise prasArita huA? kyA use prasArita hote hue kisI ne dekhA? aisA kahA jAtA hai ki Ithara kI lahariyoM ke kAraNa vaha yahA~ AyA, lekina usa Ithara ko yA usakI lahariyoM ko gatimAna hote samaya kisane dekhA? kevala usake kArya se usakI pratIti hotI hai| "vastu A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM detI isalie usakA astittva hI nahIM hai" aisA kahane vAloM se agara pUchA jAye ki tumhAre paradAdA the yA nahIM? tumhAre paradAdA ke pitAjI the yA nahIM? to ve kyA uttara deMge? ve yahI kaheMge ki jarUra the| bAda meM unase yadi pUchA jAya ki tumhArI hajAravIM pIr3hI thI yA nahIM? yA tumhArI dasa hajAravIM pIr3hI thI yA nahIM? ve yahI uttara deMge - "thI", "jarUra thii|" "jarUra thI"- aisA kahane kA kyA kAraNa hai? jahA~ pA~cavIM pIr3hI bhI dekhanA duSkara hai vahA~ sauvIM, hajAravIM, dasa hajAravIM pIr3hI kauna dekha sakatA hai?

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva bahiyoM meM, aitihAsika graMthoM meM, prAcIna lekhoM meM usake nirdeza nahIM milte| phira bhI kahate haiM, hA~, hamArI pIr3hI thI, isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki pIr3hiyA~ A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM detIM, parantu unakA kArya A~khoM se dikhAI detA hai / tuma svayaM unakA kArya ho / tuma hI unakA jIvita svarUpa ho / agara tumhArI sauvIM, hajAravIM, dasa hajAravIM pIr3hI nahIM hotI, to tumhArA bhI astittva kahA~ hotA ? 50 ina saba bAtoM se siddha hotA hai ki yadi vastu A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM detI, usakA kArya dikhAI detA hai to usakA astittva hai / aba hama, AtmA kA kArya dikhAI detA hai yA nahIM, isakA vicAra kreN| manuSya mara jAtA hai, usakA zarIra jaisA thA vaisA hI rahatA hai| vahI AkRti, nAka, A~kheM, kAna, hAtha, paira jaise ke vaise haiM / parantu mRtyu ke uparAnta vaha kucha bhI nahIM kara sktaa| isakA kyA kAraNa hai? mRtyu se pahale bhUkha lagane para vaha khAne ke lie mA~gatA thA, pyAsa lagane para pAnI mA~gatA thaa| aba vaha kucha bhI nahIM mA~gatA / mA~ge binA hI yadi usake mukha meM atra kA eka kaura rakhA jAya to kyA vaha use khAegA? aura pAnI DAlane para kyA vaha use pIyegA? jaba vaha jIvita thA taba kahatA thA 'yaha merI patnI hai, yaha merA putra hai, yaha merI kanyA hai ye mere riztedAra hai, magara aba kyoM nahIM bolatA / kucha minaTa pahale vaha pUchatA thA ki mere parivAra kA kyA hogA ? saMpatti kA kyA hogA, jisa prANI se maiMne itanA prema kiyA usakA kyA hogA? isa prakAra kaha kara vaha niHzvAsa chor3a rahA thA duHkhI ho rahA thA, A~khoM se A~su girA rahA thA, parantu yaha saba ekAeka kaise banda ho gayA ? kyA parivAra vAloM se usakA prema kama huA? dhana-saMpatti viSayaka AkarSaNa kama huA? prANiyoM se usakA prema chINa huA? nahIM, agara aisA hotA to vaha bhavasAgara tara jaataa| parantu aisA nahIM huA aura saba kAma baMda ho gayA, yaha satya hai, tathya hai / mare hue manuSya ko yadi koI gAliyA~ de to kyA vaha bola sakatA hai ? koI usakI piTAI kare to kyA vaha badalA le sakatA hai? jarA sI agni ke sparza se vaha DaratA thA, parantu aba vaha citA para soyA hai magara eka zabda bhI nahIM bolatA, isakA kyA kAraNa hai? isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki jo jAnane vAlA thA, dekhane vAlA thA, sunane vAlA thA, svAda lene vAlA thA, bolane vAlA thA, vicAra karane vAlA thA tathA icchAnusAra kriyA karane vAlA thA, vaha jA cukA hai /

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva agara jAnanA aura dekhanA zarIra kA kArya hotA, to mRtyu ke uparAnta bhI zarIra kA astittva hotA aura vaha kArya karatA / parantu aisA nahIM hotaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki vaha kArya zarIra kA nahIM, AtmA kA thaa| sArAMzataH caitanyapUrNa jIvana-vyavahAra AtmA ke astittva kA saba se zreSTha pramANa hai, ise koI bhI nakAra nahIM sktaa| 51 cIMTI Adi meM caitanyamaya jIvana vyavahAra hai arthAt unameM AtmA hai / kAgaja, pensila, churI, cAkU Adi meM caitanyamaya vyavahAra nahIM hai, arthAt unameM AtmA kA astittva nahIM hai| gAya, bhaiMsa, hAthI, ghor3A, machalI, sarpa Adi meM caitanyamaya jIvana-vyavahAra hai, arthAt unameM AtmA hai| jisa prakAra dhue~ se agni kA astittva siddha hotA hai, usI prakAra caitanya se AtmA kA astittva siddha hotA hai| isIlie zAstrakAroM ne jIva kA lakSaNa caitanya batAyA hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki jahA~ caitanya hai vahA~ jIva aura AtmA kA astittva hai| rAjapraznIyasUtra meM paradezI rAjA kI AtmA ke astittva ke saMbaMdha meM aneka praznottara die gaye haiM / kezIkumAra zramaNa rAjA paradezI ko dAdA, dAdI, cora, A~valA Adi ke aneka udAharaNa dekara AtmA kA astittva siddha karake dikhAte haiN| rAjA paradezI kI zaMkAe~ ina udAharaNoM se dUra hotI haiM aura AtmA ke astittva meM usakI dRr3ha zraddhA hotI hai| bhAratIya tattvajJAna kI amara ghoSaNA hai ki AtmA kA astittva hai aura AtmA kA astittva mAnane meM hI saba kA kalyANa hai| ** 64 AtmA ke viSaya meM vibhinna vaijJAnikoM ke vicAra :AtmA ke astittva ko vaijJAnikoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| AtmA ke viSaya meM unake vicAra isa prakAra haiN| - "maiM yaha mAnatA hU~ ki sampUrNa prAdhyApaka albarTa AinsTAina ne kahA hai vizva meM cetanA kAma kara rahI hai| sara e0esa0 eDiMgTana kA kathana hai koI ajJAta zakti kAma kara rahI hai| vaha kyA hai yaha hama jAna nahIM skte| maiM cetanA ko mukhya mAnatA hU~ aura bhautika padArthoM ko gauNa mAnatA hU~ / prAcIna nAstikavAda naSTa huaa| dharma AtmA aura mana kA viSaya hai aura use DigAyA nahIM jA sakatA"*6 harbarTa spensara kA mata hai ki guru, dharmaguru, aneka dArzanika cAhe ve -

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52 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva prAcIna hoM yA arvAcIna, pazcima ke hoM yA pUrva ke, saba kA anubhava yahI hai ki ajJAta yA ajJeya tattva svayaM kI AtmA hI hai|67 je0bI0helDana kA mata hai ki vizva kA maulika tattva 'satya' jar3a [Matter] bala [Force] yA bhautika padArtha [Physical thing] na hokara mana yA cetanA hI hai| Arthara eca- kaoNmpTana ne likhA hai - "eka hI nirNaya yaha batAtA hai ki mRtyu ke bAda AtmA kI saMbhavanIyatA hai| jyoti lakar3I se bhinna hai| lakar3I to thor3e samaya taka jyoti ko prakaTa karane ke lie iMdhana kA kAma karatI hai| "di greTa DivAina" nAmaka pustaka meM vizva ke pramukha vaijJAnikoM ne apane mata prakaTa kie haiN| una matoM kA sArAMza yaha hai - "yaha vizva koI AtmAraMhita yantra nahIM hai yA yaha kevala acAnaka hI banA hai aisA bhI nahIM hai| isake pIche koI buddhi, cetanAzakti nizcita rUpa se hai, bhale hI use Apa koI bhI nAma deN|.. rene DekArTa ne eka sAmAnya udAharaNa dete hue kahA hai - "maiM cintana karatA huuN|" isakA artha yaha hai ki 'maiM hU~' aura isameM "maiM" yA AtmA kI dhvani hai| spinojA mAnate the ki pratyeka dravya meM ananta guNa haiN| hamArA jJAna do guNoM taka hI maryAdita hai| cetanA aura vistaar| cetanA ke asaMkhya rUpa haiM aura pratyeka rUpa AtmA hai| vistAra ke bhI asaMkhya rUpa haiM aura pratyeka rUpa ko prAkRta padArtha kahate haiN| ___ jaoNna laoNka kA kathana hai ki AtmA pratyakSa jJAna kA viSaya hai| maiM cintana karatA hU~, maiM tarka karatA hU~, maiM sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karatA hU~ - isase apanI sattA kA anubhava hotA hai aura jJAna hotA hai| isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki AtmA jJAna kA viSaya hai| ___jaoNrja barkale ne vizva kI sattA kA tIna prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA hai - (1) AtmA aura usakA bodha (2) paramAtmA evaM (3) bAhya pdaarth| inake anusAra AtmA kisI bhI samaya cintana yA cetanA ke abhAva meM nahIM rhtii| . vaha samaya avazya AyegA jaba vijJAna ke dvArA ajJAta viSayoM kA anveSaNa hogaa| jaisI hama kalpanA karate the, usase bhI adhika vizva kA AdhyAtmika astittva hai| vastutaH hama jisa AdhyAtmika jagat meM haiM, vaha bhautika jagata ke Upara hai,100 aisA 'oNlivara laoNja' kA mata hai|

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53 jaina darzana ke nava tattva jar3avAda ke jitane bhI mata gata bIsa varSoM meM pratipAdita kiye gae haiM, sAre AtmavAda ke vicAra para AdhArita haiM / yahI nayA vijJAna hai : 101 (1) jIva kA astittva 'jIva' zabda se siddha hotA hai / koI bhI sArthaka saMjJA asat kI nahIM hotI / (2) 'jIva' hai yA nahIM kevala yaha vicAra karanA bhI jIva kI sattA ko siddha karatA hai / devadatta vicAra kara sakatA hai ki yaha khaMbhA hai yA puruSa hai, dUsarA ajIva padArtha nahIM hai| (3) kevala ghar3A dekhane se hI ghar3e ke kartA kumhAra kA bodha hotA hai / usI prakAra nizcita AkAra ke avalokana se karmayukta sAkAra AtmA kA bodha hotA hai / (4) zarIra meM rahane vAlA vicAra karatA hai ki maiM nahIM, jIva hai / jIva ke atirikta saMzayakartA anya koI bhI nahIM hai / - dUsare zabdoM meM, AtmAsaMbaMdhI vicAradhArA meM darzana aura vijJAna eka hote jA rahe haiM / 102 DekArTa, laoNka aura barkale ne AtmA kI sattA ko svayaMsiddha mAnA hai 1 usake lie kisI bhI pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM / hyUma ne AtmA ko prakRti ke samAna kevala eka kalpanA mAnA hai| phekhaTe ne "maiM hU~" - isake dvArA prakaTa kiyA ki 'maiM' jJeya se alaga hai| maiM aura jJeya eka-dUsare meM otaprota haiN| vaijJAnikoM ne AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM saMzodhana kiyA hai, parantu Aja taka ve kisI bhI nizcita nirNaya para nahIM pahu~ce haiM / 103 vaidika vADmaya meM, bAlaka naciketA aura yamarAja kI carcA meM, AtmA amara kaise hai ke sambandha meM aneka prazna naciketA yamarAja se pUchatA hai aura anta AtmA kI amaratA kA jJAna prApta karatA hai / maitreyI ne bhI yAjJavalkya se AtmavidyA kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| vaidika paramparA meM AtmavidyA kA kyA sthAna hai ise samajhane ke lie nArada aura sanatkumAroM kA AkhyAna atyanta zreSTha hai| AtmA ke viSaya meM bauddha darzana kI alaga hI dRSTi hai / jaina - 3 -Agama meM AtmA saMbaMdhI vicAra jitane spaSTa dikhAI dete haiM, utane anyatra kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM dete| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AtmA kA atyanta vizleSaNAtmaka aura suspaSTa vivecana kiyA hai| 104 uparyukta pramANoM ke AdhAra para niHsaMzaya kahA jA sakatA hai ki hamAre kramika vikAsa meM vijJAna AtmavAdI hotA jA rahA hai| darzana aura vijJAna kI yaha abhisaMdhi vizva ke itihAsa meM eka nayA adhyAya jor3egI /

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54 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne kahA hai ki jIvana kA parama lakSya saccidAnaMda aura zuddha buddha avasthA ko prApta karanA hai| ___ bhAratIya RSi-muniyoM ne jisakA samyak zodhana kiyA, jise prApta kiyA, jise kahA, usake pIche satya aura prAmANikatA ke zAzvata AdhAra the| Aja bhI nizcita rUpa se jar3a para cetana kI, vijJAna para darzana kI, pazcima para pUrva kI sarvamAnya vijaya hai| sandarbha 1. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya gA0 4 pR0 11 jIvA puggalakAyA dhammAdhammA taheva AyAsaM atthittamhi ya NiyadA aNaNNamazyA aNumaMhatA / / 4 / / nemicandrAcArya - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 15 pR0 44 (ka) ajjIvo puNa Neo puggaladhammo adhamma aayaasN| kAlo puggala mutto svAdiguNI amuti sesA hu / / 15 / / (kha) haribhadrasUrI - SaDdarzanasamuccaya - pR0 211 gA0 47 (ka) saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe) - a0 6 pR0 265 (bhAga 1) nava savbhAvapayatthA pannatA te jahA~ jIvA ajIvA puNNaM pAvo Asavo saMvaro NijjarA baMdho mokkho / / 867 / / / (kha) nemicandrAcAryasiddhAntacakravartI - gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), gA0 620 Nava ya padatthA jIvAjIvA tANaM ca punnnnpaavdurg| AsavasaMvaraNijjarabaMdhA mokkho ya hoMti tti / / 620 / / ga) kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya, gA0 108 pR0 171 jIvAjIvA bhAva puNNaM pAvaM ca AsavaM tesiN| saMvaraNijjarabadho mokkho ya havAMti te aTThA / / 108 / / (ka) mahendra kumAra - jainadarzana - pR0 214-215 (kha) pAtaMjala yogadarzanam - maharSivyAsadevapraNIta bhASya, dvitIya, sAdhanapAda, sUtra 15 pR0 172 yathA cikitsAzAstraM caturvyaham - gego gegahetugagegyaM

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva * s bheSajyamiti evamidamapi zAstraM cturmyhmev| tathA - saMsAra : saMsArahetumokSo mokSopAya iti| kR0 pA0 kulakarNI - marAThI vyutpattikoza, dvitIyAvRtti, pR0 768 abhayadevasUriTIkA - sthAnAMgasUtra, ThA0 2, u0 4, pR0 65 (ka) daurAsI jIvarAsI paM taM ceva, ajIvarAsI cev| (kha) saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe) - bhAga 1, pR0 200 dorAsI paMtaM jIvarAsI ceva, ajIvarAsI cev| (ga) saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (pannavaNNA), bhAga 2, pR0 265 pannavaNA duvihA pnntaa| taM jahA-jIvapannavaNA ya ajIvapannavaNA ya / / (gha) haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR0 211 (ca) anu0 caMdanAkumArI - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a0 36, gA0 2, pR0 380 ___ jIvA ceva ajIvA ya esa loe viyaahie| (cha) saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (samavAyAMga), prathama bhAga, pR0 317 duve rAsI pannatA, taM jahA-jIvarAsI ceva, ajIvarAsI cev| mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 143 / anu0 muni zrIsaubhAgyamalajI mahArAja-zrI AcArAMgasUtra, a0 3, u0 4, pR0 267 (ka) je egaM jANai se savvaM jaanni| (kha) bRhAdAraNyakopaniSad (sAnuvAda zAMkarabhASyasahita)-gItApresa, gorakhapura a0 2, brA0 4, sU0 5, pR0 552 Atmaiva tu sarvam, tasmAtsarvamAtmani vidite viditaM syaat| saM0 pupphabhikkhU-suttAgame (sUyagaDa),bhAga 1, gA0 7,a01, u01, pR0 101 santi paMca mahabbhUyA ihmegesimaahiyaa| puDhavI Au teU vA vAu aagaaspNcmaa|| saM0 padmabhUSaNa paM0 zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavaLekara-RgvedasaMhitA, ma0 1, sU0 164, maM0 26, pR0 127 na vi jAnAmi yadivedamasmi niNyaH saMnaddho manasA craami| chAndogyopaniSad- a03, sa015, sU04, pR0 320 (gItA presa, gorakhapura) prANo yat idaM sarva bhUtaM yadidaM kiNc| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad - a01, brA05, sU0 22-23, pR0 386 6. 10 11 12.

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56 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. jaina darzana ke nava tattva devendramuni zAstrI- jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 77 se 87. haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya - pR0 152 amUrtazcetano bhogI nityaH sarvagato'kriyaH / akartA nirguNaH sUkSma AtmA kApiladarzane / / 41 / / anu0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, gaNadharavAda, pR0 21 eka eva hi bhUtAtmA bhUte bhUte pratiSThitaH / ekadhA bahudhA caiva dRzyate jalacandravat / / brahmabindu upaniSad 11 (ka) saM0 padmabhUSaNa paM0 zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavaLekara - RgvedasaMhitA, ma0 10, sU0 14, maM0 7, pR0 636 prehi prehi pathibhiH pUrvebhiryatra naH pUrve pitaraH pareyuH / (kha) saM0 padmabhUSaNa paM- zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavaLekara-atharvavedasaMhitA 18, sU0 2, maM0 27, pR0 346 adhemaM jIvA arUdhangamyastaM nirvahata pari grAmAditaH / mRtyuryasyAsadvitaH pracetA asUnyatubhyo gamayA cakAra / / 27 / / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (sAnuvAda zAMkarabhASyasahita ) - gItA presa, gorakhapura a02, brA0 4, sU0 5, pR0 546 AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyo / anu mukuMda gaNeza mirajakara - manusmRti, a0 12, zlo0 85, pR0 430 sarveSAmapi caiteSAmAtmajJAnaM paraM smRtam / taddhyAggraM sarvavidyAnAM prApyate hyamRtaM tataH / 85 / / nemicandrAcArya - bRhadravyasaMgraha, gA0 3, pR0 10 tikkAle cadupANA iMdiyabalamAuANapANo ya / vavahArA so jIvo Nicchayagayado du cedaNA jassa ||3|| (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a02, sU08 upayogo lakSaNam / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra jIvo uvaogalakkhaNo / - a028, gA0 10 nemicandrAcArya - gommaTasAra, gA0 671, pR0 248 vatthuNimitaM bhAvo jAvo jIvassa jo du uvajogo /

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22. 23. 24. jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (ka) saM0 pupphabhikkhU- suttAgame (ThANe), bhAga1, a0 5, u0 3, pR0 __266 guNao uvoggunne| (kha) saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavatI) za0 13, u0 4, pR0 684 uvaogalakkhaNe NaM jIve / / (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a0 1, sU0 6, 32 (kha) nemicandrAcArya - bRhadravyasaMgraha, gA0 4,5 pR0 11-12 uvAogo duviyappo dasaMNaNANaM ca daMsaNaM ctudhaa| cakkhu acakkhU ohI madisudiohI aNANaNANAziM maNapajjavakevalamavi pacyekkhaparokkhabheyaM ca / / 5 / / nemicandrAcArya - gommaTasAra, gA0 672, 673, 674, pR0 248, 246 NANaM paMcavihaMpi ya aNNANatiyaM ca saagruuvjogo| cadudaMsaNamaNagAro sabve tallakkhaNA jIvA / / 672 / / sAkAra - madisudaohimaNehiMya sagasagavisaye visesvinnnnnnN| ___aMtomuhutakAlo uvajogo so du sAyAro / / 673 / / anAkAra - iMdiyamaNehiNA vA atthe avisesidUNa jaM gahaNaM / aMtomuhutakAlo uvajogo so aNAyAro / / 674 / / umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a0 2, sU0 8 zrImatgRddhapicchAcAryaviracita tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra) - marAThI anu0 zrI bra0 jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI, pR0 268 haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR0 211 cetanAlakSaNo jiivH| gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela - kuMdakuMdAcAryAMce ratnatraya, pR0 16 umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 2, sU0 10 saMsAriNo muktaashc| mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 150 saMsAra - bhavAdbhavAntaraprAptimantaH saMsAriNaH / vijayamuni zAstrI - adhyAtmasAdhanA, pR0 51 umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a02, sU0 11 smnskaa'mnskaaH| 32.

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36. jaina-darzana ke nava tattva umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a02, sU0 25 saMjJinaH smnskaaH| (ka) kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra (jJeyAdhikAra), gA- 31, pR0 157 pariNamadi cedaNAe AdA puNa cedaNA tidhaabhimdaa| sA puNa NANe kamme phalammi vA kammaNo bhaNidA / / 31 / / (kha) kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra (jJeyAdhikAra), gA0 32, pR0 157 NANaM aTThaviyappo kammaM jIveNa jaM samAraddhaM / / tamaNegavidhaM bhaNidaM phalaM ti sokkhaM va dukkhaM vA / / 32 / / (ga) gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela - kuMdakuMdAcAryAce ratnatraya, pR0 17 umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a0 2, sU0 1 aupazamikakSAyikobhAvo mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmiko c|| (ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika (1) a02, sU01, pR0 100 (kha) amRtacandrasUri - tattvArthasAra, gA03, pR0 26. syAdaupazamiko bhAvaH kssaayopshmikstthaa| kSAyikazcApyaudayikastathAnyaH pAriNAmikaH / / 3 / / (ka) gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela-kuMdakuMdAcAryAce ratnatraya, pR0 26-27 (kha) kuMdakuMdAcArya-pravacanasAra, gA08, 12 pR0 8, 13 (ka) gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela-kuMdakuMdAcAryAce ratnatraya, pR0 27-28 (kha) kuMdakuMdAcArya-paMcAstikAya, gA0 131, pR0 164 / moho rAgo doso vitta pasAdo ya jassa bhaavmmi| vijjadi tassa suho vA asuho vA hodi pariNAmo / / 131 / / kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra, a02, gA066, pR0 200 kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya, gA0 136, 140, pR0 203 kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra, a01, gA012, pR0 13 kundakundAcArya dR pravacanasAra, a01, gA013, pR0 13 aisayamAdasamutyaM visayAtIdaM annauvmmnntN| abbucchiNNaM ca suhaM suddhavaogappasasiddhANaM / / 13 / / abhayadevasUri TIkA - bhagavatIsUtra, za0 25, u02, pR0 885 jIvadavvA NaM bhNte| kiM saMkhyejjA asaMkhyejjA aNaMtA? goyamA, no saMkhyejjA no asaMkhyejjA annNtaa|| 42. 43.

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 44. 45. XE. 47. 48. saM0 puphphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe), a02, u04, pR0 201, bhAga 1 ke aNaMtAloe? jIvacceva ajiivccev| saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI), bhAga 1, za05, u08, pR0 487 bhantetti bhagavaM goyame jAva evaM vayAsI-jIvA NaM mNte| kiM vaDDhati hAyaMti avaTThiyA? goyamA! jIvA No vaDDhati no hAyaMti avttuutthiyaa| jIvA NaM bhaMte! kevaiyaM kAlaM avaThiyA (vi) ?, savvaddhaM / saM0 pupphabhikkhU-suttAgame, (ThANe), bhAga 1, ThA01, u01, pR0 183 ege aayaa| (ka) anu0 amolakaRSi jainAcArya, ThANAMgasUtra, ThA05, u03, pR0 586 (kha) bhagavatIsUtra-za0 2, u010 anu0 jainAcArya amolaka RSi - ThANAMgasUtra, ThA0 10, u01, pR0 823 Naya evaM bhUyaMbA bhavvaMvA bhavissaiyA jaM jIvA ajIvA bhavissaMti, ajIvA jIvA bhvissNti| saM0zaM0vA0 (sonopaMta) dAMDekara - bhagavadgItA - a02, zlo0 20 na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcinnAyaM bhUtvA'bhavitA vA na bhUyaH / ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre / / 20 / / bhagavadgItA - a02, zlo0 12 na tvevAhaM jAtu nA''saM na tvaM neme janAdhipAH / na caiva na bhaviSyAmaH sarve vayamataHparam / / 12 / / bhagavadgItA - a02, zlo0 23, 24 nainaM chindanti zastrANi nainaM dahati pAvakaH / na cainaM kledayantyApo na zoSayati mArutaH / / 23 / / acchedyo'yamadAyo'yamakledyo'zoSya eva c| nityaH sarvagataH sthANuracalo'yaM sanAtanaH / / 24 / / saM0 puSphabhikkhU-suttAgame (ThANAMga), bhAga 1, a02, u04, pR0 201 gRddhApicchAcArya - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra), a02, sU01-7, pR0 267 marAThI anu0 zrI bra0 jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI (ka) kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya, gA0 120, pR0 183 ___ ede jIvaNikAyA dehappavicAramassidA bhnnidaa| 50. 51. 52. 53. 54.

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 55. 56. 57. 58. 56. dehavihUNA siddhA bhavvA saMsAriNo abhavvA ya / / 120 / / (kha) amRtacandrAcArya-paMcAstiMkAya (tattvapradIpikAvRtti),gA0 120, pR0 183 ete jIvanikAyA dehapravIcAramAzritAH bhnnitaa| dehavihInAH siddhAH bhavyA saMsAriNo'bhavyAzca (ka) maladhAriya zrIhemacandrasUri-bRhadvRtti-vizeSAvazyakabhASyam, gA0804,pR0 386 bhavvA-bhavvAivisesaNatthamahavA tayaM pi sviyaarN| bhavyAvi abhavyadivaya jaM cakkaharAvao bhaNiyA / / 804 / / (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva- tattvArtharAjavArtika, a02, sU07, pR0 111 (bhAga 1) samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrapariNAmena bhaviSyatIti bhavyaH / 7 / tadviparIto'bhavyaH / 8 / TIkA mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 148 jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI TIkA - zrIrAjapraznIyasUtra (prathama bhAga), pR0 233 siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra-svopajJabhASya, bhAga 1, a02, sU07, pR0 147 (ka) umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra, a02, sU012, saMsAriNastrasAH sthAvarAH 12 / (kha) anu0paM0khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra, pR0 85 bhASyam - saMsAriNo jIvA dvividhA bhavanti-trasAH sthAvarAzca / (ga) kuMdakuMdAcArya-paMcAstikAya, gA0 111, pR0 175 titthAvarataNujogA aNilaNalakAiyA ya tesu tsaa| maNapariNAmavirahidA jIvA eiMdiyA NeyA / / 111 / / siddhasenagaNiTIkA - tattvArthAdhigamasUtra- svopajJabhASya, bhAga1, a02, sUtra 12, pR0 158 parispaSTasukhaduHkhecchAdveSAdiliMgAstrasanAmakarmodayAt trasAH, aparisphuTasukhadiligA sthAvaranAmakarmodayAt sthaavraaH| - ttiikaa| mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 150 kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya, gA0 114-116, pR0 177 se 176 kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya, gA0 117, pR0 176 suraNaraNArayatiriyA vnnnnrspphaasgNdhsrnnhuu| jalacarathalacarakhacarA baliyA paMceMdiyA jIvA / / 117 / / 60. 61. 62.

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66. 67. 68. jaina-darzana ke nava tattva umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a0 3, sU0 1, ratnazarkarAbAlukApaMkadhUmatamomahAtamaH prabhAbhUmayo ghanAmbuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH saptAdho'dhaH pRthutarAH / 1 / umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a0 3, sU0 3,4,5 nityAzubhataralezyApariNAmadehavedanAvikriyAH / 3 / parasparodIritaduHkhAH / 4 / saMkliSTAsurodIritaduHkhAzca prAk caturthyAH / 5 / DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA - jaina dharma-darzana, pR0 240-241 (ka) uttarAdhyayana - a0 36, gA0 66-187 (kha) uttarAdhyayana - a0 36, gA0 188 camme u lomapakkhI ya taiyA smuggpkkhiyaa| viyayapadakhI ya boddhavvA pakkhiNI ya cuvivvhaa|| umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a0 2, sU0 35, 47,52; a04, sU0 1-10, 17-18 pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi, a04, sU0 10, pR0 138 / bhavanavAsino'suranAgavidyutsuvarNAgnivAtastanitodadhidvIpadikkumArAH / / 10 / / pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi, a01, sU011, pR0 136 vyantarAH kinnarakiMpuruSamahoragagandharvayakSarAkSasabhUtapizAcAH / / 11 / / umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a04, sU0 17,18,21 vaimAnikAH / / 17 / / kalpotpannAH kalpAtItAzca / / 18 / / sthitiprabhAvasukhadyutilezyAvizuddhIndriyAvadhiviSayato'dhikAH / / 21 / / umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a04, sU0 4,5, indrasAmAnikatrAyastriMzaparipadyAtmarakSalokapAnIkaprakIrNakAbhiyogyakilviSikAzcaikazAH / / 4 / / trAyastriMzalokapAlavA vyantarajyotiSkAH / / 5 / / / pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi, a04, sU0 24,25, pR0 145,146 mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 150 tatra saMjJinaH smnskaaH| zikSAkriyAlApagrahaNarUpA sNjnyaa| tadvidhurAstvamanaskAH / te cAmanaskA dvividhAH, trssthaavrbhedaat| tatra 66. 71. 72. 73. 74.

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dvIndriyAdayaH zaGkhaNDagolakaprabhRtayaH cturvidhaastrsaaH| pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH / (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra, a0 2, sU0 13,14 pRthivyambuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH / / 13 / / tejovAyU dvIndriyAdayazca trasAH / / 14 / / (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika, a02, sU013, pR0 127 (ga) anu0-saubhAgyamalajI mahArAja, AcArAMgasUtra, a01, pR0 46-84 pRthvIkAya - se vemi-appege andhamame --- appegeudve| (16) apakAya-se vemi, saMti pANA udayanissiA jIvA aNege (25), pR0 56 agnikAya-se vemi Neva saMya logaM- selogaM abbhAikkhati (26), pR0 60 vAyukAya-ettha satthaM samArabhamANassa ---pariNNAyA bhavaMti (61), pR0 83 vanaspatikAya-se vemi imaMti jAidhammayaM--vipariNAmadhammayaM (45), pR0 71 ettha vi jANe uvadIyamANA jeAyAre ra raMmati, AraMbhamANA viNayaM vathaMti chaMdovaNIyA, ajjhovavaNNA, AraMbhasattA pakareMti saMgaM (63), pR0 84 se vasumaM savvasamaNNAgayapaNNANeNaM, appANeNaM, akaraNijjaM pAvaM kammaM No annnnesi| (64), pR0 84 AcArya zrIAnaMdaRSi - jaina dharma : navatattva, pR0 10-12 hemacandrAcArya-syAdvAdamaJjarI-hiMdI anuvAda-DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina, pR0 258 (ka) gRddhapicchAcArya - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra), pR0 266 marAThI-anuvAda - jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI (kha) umAsvAti - mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra sacitra aura saTIka), pR0 68 TIkAkAra - paM0 pannAlAlajI jaina sAhityAcArya bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika, (bhAga 1), a02, sU011, pR0 125 mano dvividham - dravyamano bhaavmnshceti| tatra pudgalavipAkikoM dravyApekSaM drvymnH| vIryAntarAyanoiMdriyAvaraNakSayopazamApekSA AtmanovizuddhirbhAvamanaH / tena manasA saha vartanta iti smnskaaH| na vidyate mano yeSAM te amanaskA iti ddhividhAH saMsAriNo bhvnti| umAsvAti - sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra - anu0 khUbacaMdra siddhAntazAstrI, a02, sU0 1, 11, pR0 84 umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a02, sU037, 76. 77. 78. 76. 50. 1.

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82. 84. 86. jaina-darzana ke nava tattva audArikavaikriyA''hArakataijasakArmaNAni zarIrANi / / 37 / / umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra,a05, sU016 pradezasaMhAravisargAbhyAM prdiipvt| 16 / (ka) jainAcArya zrInemicandra-bRhadravyasaMgraha, gA010, pR0 20 aNugurUdehapamANo uvasaMhArappasappado cedaa| asamuhado vavahArA NicchayaNayado asaMkhadeso vA / / 10 / / (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhAga-2), a05,sU016, pR0 458-56 paM0 becaradAsa dozI-jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga-1), pR0 168 jainAcArya zrInemicandra - bRhadravyasaMgraha, gA02, pR0 7 jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sdehprimaanno| bhottA saMsArattho siddhe so vissasoDDhagaI / / 2 / / (ka) zvetAzvataropaniSad - a0 1, pR0 134 (gItApresa, gorakhapura) srvvyaapinmaatmaanN| (kha) zvetAzvataropaniSad - a03, pR0 176 aMguSTamAtraH purusso'ntraatmaa| paM0 zrI da0vA0 joga - bhAratIya darzana saMgraha, pR0 170 DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina va DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA, jaina-sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga 2), pR0 67 saM0 pro0 devIdAsa dattAtreya vADekara - marAThI tattvajJAnamahAkoza, khaNDa tRtIya, pR0 167-68 saMdarbhagraMtha : umAsvAti, tattvArthAdhigamasUtra; jaina, hIrAlAlaH bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna (bhopAla 1662); zAstrI, kailAzacandra : jainadharma (mathurA, 1655); mehatA, mo0 : jainadarzana (AgarA, 1656) / saM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla - muni zrI hajArImala smRtigraMtha - zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA - jainadarzana aura vijJAna - pR0 326-331 saM0 suzIlA agravAla, nirmalA dezapAMDe, kusuma dezapAMDe, mIrA bhaTTa, kAlindI - mAsika patrikA "maitrI" disaMbara 1675 budhamala zAmasukhA - pAkSika patrikA "aNuvrata", 16 aprela 1673 le0 bhAnIrAma varmA "agnimukha : vijJAna aura darzana", pR0 23-25 jainAcArya zrIvijayalakSmaNasUrazvarIjI mahArAja - AtmatattvavicAra, pR0 2 asthi jio taha niccA, kattA bhottAya punnpaavaannN| 63.

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64 T4. 65. 66. 7. 68. jaina-darzana ke nava tattva asthi dhruva nivvANaM, taduvAo asthi chtttthaanne|| jainAcArya zrI vijayalakSmaNasUrIzvarajI mahArAja-AtmatattvavicAra, pR0 1-20 devendramunizAstrI - jaina-darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 118-116 I believe that intelligence is manifested throughout all nature. The modern review of calcutta, July 1936. Something unknown is doing we do not know what .. I regard consciousness as fundamental. I regard matter as derivation from consciousness ... the old atheism is gone. Religion belongs to the realm of the spirit and mind, and cannot be shaken. - The Modern Review of Calcutta, July 1936. The teachers and founders of the religion have all taught, and many philosophers ancient and modern, Western and Eastern have perceived that this unknown and unknowable is our very self. First principles, 1900. devendramunizAstrI - jaina-darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 116 The truth is that, not matter, not forces, not any physical thing, but mind, personality is the central fact of the Universe. - The Modern Review of Calcutta, July 1936. A conclusion which suggests... The possibility of consciousness after death... the tlame is distinct from the log of wood which serves it temporally as fuel. - Arthur H. Compton. munizrI nagarAjajI - jaina-darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, pR0 101 The time will assuredly come when these avenues into unknown region will be explored by science. The Universe is a more spiritual entity than we thought. The real fact is that we are in the midst of a spiritual world which dominates the material. - Sir Oliver Lodge. munizrI nagarAjajI - jaina-darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, pR0 102 And all the theories of matter advance during the last twenty years are based on a conception-a postulate of non-matrial. That is the latest belief of science. munizrInagarAjajI - jaina-darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, pR0 85-86 siddhaM jIvassa atthitaM, sdaadevaannumiiye| nAsao bhuvi bhAvassa sado havai kevlo|| 66. 100- 101 102

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jIvassa esa dhammo jA ihI asthi natthi vA jiivo| khANu maNussANa gayA jaha ihI devadattassa / / asthi sarIra vihAyA painiyayAgAra yAi bhaavaao| kumbhassa jaha kulAlo so bhutto kambhajo gaao|| jo ciMtei sarIre natthi ahaM sa evA hoi jiivotti| bahu jIvammi asante saMsaya uppAyavyo anno|| vizeSAvazyakabhASya103- devendramunizAstrI - jaina-darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 120 104. muni zrI nagarAjajI - jaina-darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna, pR0 73-75

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tRtIya adhyAya ajIvatattva [Inconscient Matter] jaina- darzana ke nava tattvoM meM se prathama jIvatattva kA vivecana dvitIya adhyAya meM huaa| dvitIya 'ajIva tattva' kA vivacena isa adhyAya meM kiyA jAyegA / jisa prakAra jIva arthAt Atmatattva kA jJAna Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra jisake saMbaMdha se AtmA vikRta hotA hai, usa ajIva tattva kA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai / jainAgama kA viSaya nirUpaNa sarvAMgapUrNa hai| jar3a, cetana, AtmA, paramAtmA kA isameM sUkSma vivecana hai| isameM dArzanika dRSTi se chaha dravyoM kI aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi se nava tattvoM kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| 'ajIva' zabda akaraNAtmaka hai| jo jIva nahIM hai, vaha ajIva hai / jo padArtha cetanArahita, sukha-duHkha ko na jAnane vAle aura karmarahita haiM, unheM ajIva kahate haiM / jisameM jIva ke viruddha lakSaNa haiM aura jo pUre jagat meM vyApta hai, vaha ajIva, acetana aura jar3a hai| ajIva jIva kA pratipakSI hai / ' jo saba vastuoM ko jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai, sukha kI icchA karatA hai, duHkha se DaratA hai, jo hitAhita karatA hai aura karma kA phala bhogatA hai, vaha jIvapadArtha hai| jinameM cetanatattva nahIM hai aise AkAzAdi pA~ca dravya ajIva haiN| jisa padArtha meM sukha-duHkha kA jJAna nahIM hai, jise sukhecchA aura duHkhabhaya nahIM hai, vaha ajIva padArtha hai / 3 AkAzAdi pA~ca dravya acetana haiM kyoMki unakA guNadharma jar3atA hai / jIvadravya sacetana hai / jisa dravya ko sukha-duHkha kA jJAna nahIM hai, jisameM iSTa-aniSTa kArya karane kI zakti nahIM hai, usake saMbaMdha meM aisA anumAna kiyA gayA hai ki vaha caitanyaguNa-rahita hai / AkAzAdi pA~ca dravya aise hI haiN| isa dRSTi se vizva kI samasta vastuoM kA vargIkaraNa nimnalikhita do bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai - (1) jIva tathA ( 2 ) ajIva / jaina darzana SaDdravyoM meM se jIva ko chor3akara zeSa pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina pA~ca dravyoM ko ajIva mAnatA hai / '

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67 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ina chaha dravyoM meM se pA~ca astikAya dravya haiN| ve haiM - dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya aura jiivaastikaay| isa saba ko milAkara paMcAstikAya kahate haiN| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala ye cAra dravya ajIva tathA astikAya dravya ke lakSaNa ajIva tattva meM chaha dravyoM kA samAveza hai| parantu usake pUrva dravya ke saMbaMdha meM jAnanA Avazyaka hai / isalie prathamataH usakA vicAra kreNge| AcArya bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne tattvArtha-rAjatArtika meM dravya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - 'jo sat hai, vaha dravya hai|'' sat arthAt jo indriyagrAhya athavA atIndriya padArtha, bAhaya aura abhyantara nimitta kI apekSA se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ko prApta hotA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI 'sat' kA yahI lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai / jisameM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye tInoM haiM, vaha 'sat' hai| dravya guNa-paryAya ke Azrita hotA hai aisA sarvajJoM ne kahA hai| duniyA ke cetana yA jar3a koI bhI padArtha isa trayAtmaka parivartana-cakra se bAhara nahIM haiN| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye dravya anAdisiddha aura maulika haiN| _ 'sat' kI vyAkhyA vibhinna darzanoM meM isa prakAra kI gaI hai :(a) vedAnta-darzana - sampUrNa sat padArtha (brahma) ko dhruva (nitya) mAnatA hai| (A) bauddha-darzana - sat padArtha ko niranvayakSaNika (kevala utpAda-vinAzazIla) mAnatA hai| (i) sAMkhya-darzana - cetana tattvarUpa sat ko kevala dhruva - kUTasthanitya aura prakRti tattvarUpa sat ko pariNAmI nitya (nityAnitya) mAnatA hai| (I) nyAya -vaizeSika darzana - aneka sat padArthoM meM se paramANu, kAla, AtmA Adi kucha sat tattvoM ko kUTastha nitya mAnatA hai aura ghaTa, paTa Adi kucha tattvoM ko kevala utpAdavyayazIla (anitya) mAnatA hai| parantu jaina-darzana meM 'sat' kI vyAkhyA alaga prakAra se kI gaI hai jo umAsvAtIjI ke tattvArthasUtra ke pA~caveM adhyAya ke tIsaveM sUtra meM hai| jaina-darzana mAnatA hai ki jo vastu sat hai, vaha kevala kUTasthanitya yA kevala niranvaya-vinAzI nahIM ho sktii| usakA koI aMza kUTasthanitya aura kucha pAriNAmikanitya bhI nahIM ho sktaa| na hI usakA koI bhAga nitya aura koI kevala anitya ho sakatA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra cetana tathA jar3a, mUrta tathA amUrta, sUkSma tathA sthUla, sabhI sat vastue~ utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvya rUpa se trirUpa haiN| pratyeka vastu meM do aMza haiM - eka aMza aisA hai jo tInoM kAloM meM zAzvata hai| dUsarA aMza sadaiva azAzvata hai| zAzvata aMza ke kAraNa pratyeka vastu dhrauvyAtmaka (sthira) hotI hai aura azAzvata hone ke kAraNa utpAdavyayAtmaka

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68 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (asthira) hotI hai| ina donoM aMzoM meM se kisI bhI eka para dRSTi DAlane aura dUsare aMza para dRSTi na DAlane se vastu kevala sthira yA kevala asthira lagatI hai| parantu donoM aMzoM para dRSTi DAlane para vastu kA pUrNa padArtha-svarUpa dikhAI detA hai| isalie donoM dRSTiyoM ke anusAra isa sUtra meM sat vastu kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| navIna paryAya kI utpatti ko 'utpAda' kahate haiM jaise - miTTI ke gole se ghaTa-paryAya kA utpanna honaa|" pUrva paryAya kA naSTa honA 'vyaya' kahalAtA hai| jaisa - ghaTa kI utpatti ke bAda miTTI ke gole kA naSTa honaa|2 jo sat arthAt dravya ke sAre paryAyoM meM rahatA hai, jisakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA use 'dhrauvya' kahate haiN| udAharaNArtha miTTI-paryAya kI utpatti aura vinAza hone para bhI dravya ke svabhAva kA kabhI utpAda yA vinAza nahIM hotaa| yahI 'dhrauvya' yaha vizva-vyavasthA dravya para AdhArita hai| vaizeSika-darzana ne dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya ina chaha tattvoM meM vizva kA vargIkaraNa kiyA . arastU ne vizva kA vargIkaraNa nimnalikhita dasa padArthoM meM kiyA hai - (1) dravya, (2) guNa, (3) parimANa, (4) sambandha, (5) dizA, (6) kAla, (7) Asana, (8) sthiti, (6) karma tathA (10) primaann| jaina-dRSTi ke anusAra vizva chaha dravyoM meM vargIkRta hai| ye dravya haiM - (1) jIva, (2) pudgala, (3) dharma, (4) adharma, (5) AkAza aura (6) kAla / Agama-granthoM meM SaD dravyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM inhIM chaha dravyoM kA varNana hai| dharma, adharma aura AkAza ye tIna dravya ajIva tathA niSkriya haiN| dharma, adharma evaM AkAza meM tInoM dravya saMkhyA meM tInoM dravya saMkhyA meM eka-eka haiN| kAla, pudgala aura jIva ye tInoM anantAnanta haiN| AcArya kundakunda bhI chaha dravya mAnate haiM unhoMne paMcAstikAya meM kahA hai - paMcAstikAya arthAta jIvAstikAya dharmAstikAya adharmAstikAya AkAzAstikAya pudgalAAstikAya aura kAla? ina chahoM ko dravya kahate hai| pudgala ke dravyoM ke parivartana se kAla dravya kI siddhi hotI hai isalie dravya pA~ca na hokara chaha hai| pudgala paramANu jaba eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza meM jAtA hai taba use kAla dravya kA sUkSma paryAya kahate haiM isa sUkSmarUpa paryAya se kAla dravya kI siddhi hotI hai| isa prakAra pudgalAAdi dravya ke pariNamana (parivartana) se kAla dravya kA astittva dikhAI detA hai|"

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69 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dravya kA svarUpa zrIumAsvatI jI ne dravya kA svarUpa tattvArtha sUtra meM isa prakAra batAyA hai- 'dravya guNa - paryAyayukta hai|' __ jisameM guNa aura paryAya hote hai use dravya kahate haiN| jaina-darzana ke anusAra lokavyavasthA karane vAle chaha dravya haiN| ve sAre guNa - paryAya (avasthAntara) rUpa se utpAda-vyaya karate haiN| dravya sat hai| usakI saMkhyA meM kabhI parivartana nahIM hotA aura asatU kA utpAda bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| sat dravya ke paryAya kA parivartana hotA hai| pratyeka dravya pariNAmI svabhAva ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM pariNata (parivartita) hotA rahatA hai| dravya meM pariNAma karane kI jo zakti hai vahI dravya ke guNa haiM aura guNajanya pariNAma (parivartana) ko paryAya kahate haiN| guNa kAraNa hai aura paryAya kArya hai| dravya guNa - paryAyAtmaka hai|" dravya kA kSetra-pramANa dravya ke lakSaNa aura svarUpa ke vivecana ke uparAnta dravya kA kSetra - pramANa vicAraNIya hai| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya loka (vizva)-pramANa hai aura AkAzAstikAya loka-aloka pramANa hai| arthAta AkAzAstikAya loka meM bhI hai aura aloka meM bhI hai kyoMki AkAza sarvavyApI hai| kAladravya manuSya - loka meM hI hai, usake bAhara / eka bAra gautama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA- "bhante ! dhamIstikAya kitanA bar3A hai?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA - "he gautama! dharmAstikAya loka hai, lokamAtra hai, lokapramANa hai, loka-spRSTa hai| arthAt loka kA sparza kara rahA hai| gautama! adharmAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM pudgalAstikAya ke bAre meM bhI yahI samajhanA hai|" dharma aura adharma loka-pramANa hai / AkAza loka aura aloka meM vyApta hai| kAla kevala samaya-kSetra (manuSya-kSetra meM hI hai / dharma, adharma tathA AkAza ye tInoM dravya anAdi, aparyavasita, ananta aura sarvakAla nitya haiN| pravAha kI apekSA se samaya bhI anAdi va ananta hai| arthAt pratiniyata vyaktirUpa eka-eka kSaNa kI apekSA se sAdi va sAnta hai| skandha Adi pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi tathA ananta haiM aura sthiti (pratiniyata- nizcita - eka kSetra meM sthira rahanA) kI apekSA se sAdi tathA sAnta haiN| rUpI - ajIva - pudgala dravya kI sthiti jaghanya (kama se kama) eka samaya (ati sUkSma kAla) aura utkRSTa (jyAdA se jyAdA kAla) una saMkhyAta kAla kI batAyI gayI hai| rUpI ajIva kA antara (apane pUrvAvagAhita sthAnako chor3akara punaH vApasa Ane taka kA kAla) jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa ananta kAla hai|

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06 rUpI-arUpI dravya dravya do prakAra ke haiM (1) rUpI dravya tathA ( 2 ) arUpI dravya / " dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura jIva ye pA~ca dravya arUpI nitya aura sthira haiM / pudgala jaina darzana ke nava tattva rUpI dravya hai| rUpI kA artha mUrta aura arUpI kA amUrta hai| DaoN- rAdhAkRSNana ne 'bhAratIya darzana' meM kahA hai " ajIva kI bhI mukhyataH do vibhinna zreNiyA~ haiM / eka arUpa jo AkRti rahita hai, jaise - dharma, adharma, deza tathA kAla / aura eka AkRtiyukta hai, jaise padArtha / pudgala yA bhautika - ye dravya apane sAmAnya aura vizeSa svarUpa ko nahIM chor3ate haiM / isalie ye nitya haiN| ye pA~ca dravya sthira haiM kyoMki inakI saMkhyA meM kabhI kSaya yA vRddhi nahIM hotI / banatA / jo indriya dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mUrta hai / jo grahaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA vaha amUrta hai| jinameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura varNa nahIM haiM / ve amUrta haiM, arUpI haiM aura jinameM haiM, ve mUrta aura rUpI haiM / pratyeka dravya meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa guNa hote haiN| ina guNoM kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA / jisa dravya kA jo svabhAva hai, vaha hamezA rahatA hai| isalie dravyoM ko nitya kahA gayA hai / dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaha hai| yaha kama yA jyAdA nahIM hotI / isameM nyUnAdhikatA nahIM hotI hai isalie ye dravya avasthita haiM / rUpa zabda ke svabhAva, abhyAsa, zruti, mahAbhUta, guNavizeSa aura mUrta Adi aneka artha haiN| dharma, adharma aura AkAza ye dravya niSkriya arthAt hilanA-calanA Adi vyApAroM se rahita haiN| ye dravya saMpUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta haiM, parantu ye kisI bhI samaya sthAnAntara nahIM karate / 21 pratyeka dravya kA svatantra astittva chaha dravya eka hI jagaha rahate haiM / jahA~ dharma hai, vahIM adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala aura jIva haiM / arthAt samasta dravya eka kSetrAvagAhI ( eka hI sthAna para rahane vAle ) haiM aura paraspara otaprota rahate haiM / eka dravya dUsare dravya ko avakAza (sthAna) detA hai / koI bhI dravya dUsare dravya ke mArga meM rukAvaTa nahIM - samasta dravya eka sAtha rahate haiM parantu ve chahoM apane svataMtra astittva ko nahIM chodd'te| eka sAtha rahane para bhI dravyoM kA svarUpa naSTa nahIM hotA / pratyeka dravya apane-apane svabhAva meM avinAzI rahatA hai I paMcAstikAya meM kundakundAcArya ne kahA hai " samasta dravya eka hI kSetra meM rahate haiM tathApi koI bhI dravya apane guNadharma nahIM chor3atA / saba dravya milakara

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7 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva eka nahIM hote haiN| sabhI apane-apane svabhAva meM pRthak-pRthak anivAzI rahate haiN| agurulaghutva hone se ve mizrita nahIM hote|22 bAhaya dRSTi se baMdha kI apekSA se jIva aura pudgala eka haiN| phira bhI (Antarika dRSTi se) dravya apanA-apanA svarUpa nahIM chodd'te|| __ isI taraha jIva kabhI ajIva nahIM banatA aura ajIva kabhI jIva nahIM bntaa| ThANAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "jIva kA ajIva honA yA ajIva kA jIva honA na kabhI ghaTita huA hai, na hotA hai aura na hI hogaa|"23 abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIva dravya kabhI dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudgala rUpa nahIM hotA aura dharma ityAdi kabhI jIvarUpa nahIM hote| isI prakAra pA~ca ajIva dravya paraspara eka-dUsare meM parivartita nahIM hote| dharma, adharma aura AkAza tInoM dravya zAzvata haiN| tInoM ke guNa-paryAya bhinna-bhinna haiM aura ve trikAla meM aparivartanazIla haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki dharma, adharma aura AkAza tInoM dravya sArvakAlika, anAdi aura ananta haiN| dravya dravya dravya 1- jIva 2- ajIva astikAya anAstikAya rUpI arUpI 2- pudgala 3- dharma 1- jIva 6- adhyAsamaya 1-pudgala 2 . jIva 4- adharma 2- pudgala (kAla) 3- dharma 5-AkAza 3-dharma 4- adharma 6-kAla 4-adharma 5-AkAza 5-AkAza 6-kAla 'astikAya' kA artha dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudgala ina pA~ca dravyoM ko samajhane se pahale 'astikAya' aura 'pradeza' ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| 'astikAya' sAmAsika zabda hai| isameM do pada haiM - asti+kAya / (1) asti arthAt pradeza aura (2) kAya arthAt smuuh| jo pradezoM kA samUharUpa hai, vaha astikAya haiN|26 astikAya kA dUsarA artha asti arthAt jisakA astittva hai aura kAya arthAt kAyA ke samAna jisake aneka pradeza haiM, vaha astikAya hai| isaprakAra astikAya pradeza pracayarUpa (samUharUpa) hai| jIva, pudgala, dharma aura AkAza ina pA~ca dravyoM kA astittva hai isalie jinezvara deva inheM 'asti' kahate haiM aura ye kAya (zarIra) ke samAna aneka pradezoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM isalie inheM 'kAya' kahate haiN| asti aura kAya ina donoM ko milAne para 'astikAya' banatA hai|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva jIva ko asaMkhyAta pradezI dravya kahA gayA hai| dharma, adharma, dravyoM ke bhI itane hI pradeza haiN| AkAza ke ananta pradeza haiM / pudgala saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta (Countless) aura ananta (Infinite in number) pradezI hai| aNu aura paramANu kA pradeza nahIM haiN| zvetAmbara aura digambara ina donoM paMthoM ke AcArya pradezoM kI saMkhyA yahI mAnate haiN| 8 72 pradeza (Absolute units of space) kA artha 1 pudgala ke sabase choTe avibhAgI aMza ko paramANu (Atom) kahate haiM paramANu nitya, sUkSma aura rasa, gaMdha, varNa, sparza se rahita hai / paramANu AkAza ke jitane aMza ko vyApta karatA hai use jaina - zAstroM meM 'pradeza' kahA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jitanA AkAza avibhAjya pudgala paramANu se vyApta kiyA jAtA hai, utanI jagaha ko pradeza kahA jAtA hai| ve pradeza samasta paramANu aura sUkSma skandha ( aNu-samUha ) avakAza (sthAna) dene ke lie samartha haiN| pradeza ke dUsare aMza kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / jaina - siddhAnta meM dharma, adharma aura jIva dravya meM asaMkhyAta; kAla meM ananta pudgala meM saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta ; usI taraha kAla meM eka pradeza mAnA gayA hai| pudgala dravya ke pradeza pudgala skandha se alaga ho sakate haiM isilie pudgala ke sUkSma aMza ko bhI avayava kahA jAtA hai| pudgala dravya ke alAvA anya dravyoM ke sUkSma aMza apane skandha se alaga nahIM ho skte| isalie anya dravyoM ke sUkSma aMza ko pradeza kahA jAtA hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura mukta jIva hamezA eka hI avasthA meM rahate haiN| isalie isa pradeza meM asthiratA nahIM hotii| pudgala dravya ke paramANu aura skandha asthira, usI taraha antima mahAskaMdha sthira aura asthira donoM hote haiM / jIvadravya akhaNDa hone para bhI asaMkhyAta pradezI hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra gur3a para khUba dhUla Akara ikaTThI hotI hai, usI prakAra pratyeka AtmA ke pradeza ke sAtha anaMtAnaMta jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM ke pradezoM kA saMbaMdha hotA hai| dharmAstikAya tathA Positive energy, medium of motion of souls, matter and energies. ajIva padArthoM ke pA~ca bheda haiM (3) AkAzAstikAya, (4) kAla tathA ( 5 ) adharma prathamataH vicAraNIya haiN| - adharmAstikAya Negative energy, medium of rest of souls, matter and energies. (1) dharmAstikAya, (2) adharmAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya / inameM se dharma aura

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73 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dharma dravya jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM taTastha bhAva se sahAyaka hotA hai| dharma dravya samasta lokoM meM vyApta hai| vaha nitya hai| vaha arUpI tathA asaMkhyAta pradeza se yukta astikAya dravya hai| dharmadravya ke samAna adharmadravya bhI lokavyApI, amUrta, nitya aura avasthita hai| parantu dharmadravya gati kA kAraNabhUta hotA hai aura adharma dravya sthiti (rokane) kA kAraNabhUta hotA hai| jIva aura pudgala adharma dravya kI sahAyatA ke binA ruka nahIM skte| adharma dravya rukane kI preraNA nahIM detA, paraMtu jo ruka jAte haiM, unakI sahAyatA karatA hai| jisa prakAra gatimAna jIva aura pudgala ko dharma kA Azraya hai, usI prakAra sthitimAna jIva aura pudgala ko adharma kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA hai| isa dravya kI sahAyatA ke binA jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti ho hI nahIM sktii|" adharma dravya jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti ke taTastha hetu haiN| jisa prakAra vRkSa kI chAyA rAhagIra ko pakar3a kara rokatI nahIM apitu ruke hue rAhagIra ko Azraya detI hai, usI prakAra gati-kriyA karate samaya jIva aura pudgala ko adharma dravya rokatA nahIM, apitu sthira hue jIva aura pudgala kA vaha Azraya (AdhAra) banatA hai| yahI bAta bRhadravyasaMgraha meM batAI gaI hai| "jisa prakAra pRthvI calane vAle pazu ko rokatI nahIM aura rukane kI preraNA bhI nahIM detI, paraMtu ruke hue pazu ko AdhAra avazya detI hai| usI prakAra adharma dravya svayaM dravya ko pakar3a kara sthira nahIM karatA aura sthira hone kI preraNA bhI nahIM detA, lekina svayaM sthira hue dravya ko pRthvI ke samAna Azraya detA hai|"33 isa loka meM jisa prakAra pAnI machaliyoM ke gamana ke lie nimitta mAtra sahAyaka hai, usI prakAra 'dharma' dravya jIva aura pudgala ke gamana ke lie sahAyaka hai| matsya kA dRSTAnta paMcAstikAya meM diyA gayA hai| _jisa prakAra machaliyoM ke yahA~-vahA~ jAte samaya pAnI unake sAtha nahIM jAtA aura machaliyoM ko calAtA bhI nahIM hai, kevala unake gamana meM nimittamAtra sahAyaka hai| usI prakAra jIva aura pudgala dharmadravya ke abhAva meM gamana karane meM asamartha haiN| jIva aura pudgala ke gatikriyA karate samaya dharmadravya svayaM unheM calAtA nahIM hai aura unheM preraNA bhI nahIM detA, kevala jIva aura pudgala ke gamana meM nimittamAtra sahAyaka hotA hai|4|| jisa prakAra saMpUrNa tila meM tela vyApta hai, usI prakAra saMpUrNa lokAkAza meM dharmAstikAya vyApta hai| dharmadravya aura dharmadravya kA astittva jaina-darzana ke alAvA anya kisI bhI darzana ne gati tattva ke rUpa meM (Medium of motion) svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai|

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74 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva prasiddha gaNitajJa albarTa AinsTAina ne bhI gati tattva kI sthApanA karate hue kahA hai - "loka parimita hai| loka ke pare aloka aparimita hai| loka ke parimita hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki dravya yA zakti loka ke bAhara nahIM jA sktii| loka ke bAhara usa zakti kA arthAt dravya kA abhAva hai| jo dharmadravya gati meM sahAyaka hai, vaha yahA~ nahIM hai|" samasta vaijJAnikoM dvArA sammata Ithara (Ether) gatitattva kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| jaba vijJAna ke prAdhyApaka vidyArthiyoM ko Ithara ke bAra meM samajhAte haiM taba aisA lagatA hai ki jaina guru ziSyoM ko dharmadravya kI vyAkhyA samajhA rahe haiM / 35 jisa prakAra vAyu apane caMcala svabhAva se dhvaja ko hilAne kI kriyA karatI huI dikhAI detI hai, usI prakAra dharmadravya gatirUpa nahIM dikhAI detaa| vaha halana-calana rUpa kriyA se rahita hai| kisI bhI kArya meM vaha gamana kriyA nahIM krtaa| jisa prakAra gAr3I ke lie paTariyoM kI sahAyatA apekSita hai, paTariyA~ gAr3I ko calane ke lie prerita nahIM karatIM, usI prakAra gatizIla jIva aura pudgala ko dharmadravya kI AvazyakatA hai| jaise paTariyA~ gAr3I ke calane meM AdhAra pradAna karatI haiM, usI prakAra jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM dharmadravya sahAyaka hai| dharma aura adharma zabda sarvatra puNya aura pApa ke artha meM prasiddha haiN| jaina-darzana bhI unako usI artha meM svIkAra karatA hai| phira bhI dravya ke prakaraNa meM ina zabdoM kA yaha artha nahIM hotaa| jaina-darzana ke dravya-prakaraNa meM dharmadravya kA artha gati-sahAyaka tattva aura adharma kA artha sthiti-sahAyaka tattva hotA hai| gati arthAt gamana-kriyA aura sthiti arthAt rukane kI kriyA - ye donoM tattva jIva aura pudgala kI gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka haiN| loka aura aloka bheda inhIM donoM ke kAraNa hote haiN| ye dravya AkAza ke samAna vyApaka nahIM haiN| apitu lokAkAza ke samAna madhyama parimANa ke haiN| yadyapi donoM eka-dUsare meM otaprota hokara sthita haiM, phira bhI apane-apane svarUpa meM bhinna haiN| ina donoM tattvoM ke kAraNa hI akhaNDa AkAza meM loka aura aloka nAmaka vibhAga hue haiN|27 jisa prakAra gatimAna jIva aura pudgala ke lie dharma kA Azraya Avazyaka hai usI prakAra sthitimAna jIva aura pudgala ko adharma kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA hai| ina dravyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA jIva aura pudgala kI gati-sthiti nahIM ho sktii|

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75 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva __isa prakAra adharmadravya apanI taTastha sahaja avasthA se apane asaMkhyAta pradeza ke sAtha lokAkAza meM avinAzI hai tathA anAdi kAla se vidyamAna hai| usakA svabhAva bhI jIva-pudgala kI sthiratA kA nimittamAtra kAraNa hai| vaha anya dravya ko balAt nahIM roktaa| jaba jIva tathA pudgala sthira avasthA se pariNamana karate haiM to ve apanI svAbhAvika udAsIna avasthA se nimittamAtra sahAyatA pAte hai| jisa prakAra dharmadravya nimittamAtra gati meM sahAyaka hai, usI prakAra adharma dravya sthiratA meM sahAyaka hai| ukta vivecana kA sAra yaha hai ki dharmadravya aura adharma dravya koI bhI kriyA nahIM krte| ve kevala nimittamAtra haiN| ___ThANAMgasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki adharma dravya sarvavyApI hai| akhaNDatA, amUrtatA, aMsakhyapradezayuktatA aura sthitizIlatA usake guNa haiN| dharma, adharma zabda jaina darzana ke pAribhASika zabda haiN| anya kisI bhI darzana meM dharma-adharma kA dravya rUpa meM vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jo jIva aura pudgala calate haiM aura sthira hote haiM, ve nizcaya se calate haiM aura sthira hote haiN| agara dharma aura adharma dravyoM ne mukhya kAraNa banakara balapUrvaka jIva aura pudgala ko calAyA hotA aura sthira kiyA hotA, to hamezA ke lie jIva aura pudgala jo cala rahe haiM, ve calate hI rahe hote aura jo sthira haiM, ve sthira hI rahe hote| isalie dharma evaM adharma dravya mukhya kAraNa nahIM ho skte| ve jIva aura pudgala ke upAdAna kAraNa haiM isalie yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki dharma va adharma dravya mukhya nahIM haiN| vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se ve nimittakAraNa haiM, tathA nizcayanaya kI apekSA se ve jIva aura pudgala kI gati-sthiti ke upAdAna kAraNa haiN| yadi dharma evaM adharma dravya aura unakI gati-sthiti ke guNa nahIM hote, to loka-aloka kA bheda nahIM rahA hotaa| jIva aura pudgala ye donoM dravya gati-sthiti avasthA ko dhAraNa karate haiN| unakI gati aura sthiti ke bAhya kAraNa dharma, adharma dravya hI haiN| yadi ye bheda loka meM nahIM hote, to aloka kA bheda nahIM hotA aura saba ora loka hI hotaa| isalie dharma-adharma dravya nizcita rUpa se haiN| jIva aura pudgala kI jahA~ gati-sthiti hai vahA~ loka hai| usake pare aloka hai| isa yuktivAda se dharma-adharma kI sthiti aura loka-aloka kA bheda siddha hotA hai| dharma aura adharma dravya ko mAnane ke do mukhya kAraNa haiM - (1) gatisthiti-nimittaka dravya aura (2) loka-aloka kI vibhAjaka shkti| pratyeka kArya ke lie upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vizva meM jIva aura pudgala ye do dravya hI gatizIla haiN| gati kI utpatti kA mukhya kAraNa jIva aura pudgala svayaM hI haiN| paraMtu prazna uThatA hai ki nimitta

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76 jaina darzana ke nava tattva kAraNa kyA hai ? isake lie dharma-adharmadravya ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| dharma-adharma kA Agama meM vizeSa varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra 13 / 4 meM gautama svAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA 'bhagavan! gati-sahAyaka tattva dharmAstikAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ? ne kahA bhagavAn gautama! gati kA AdhAra nahIM hotA to kauna AtA aura kauna jAtA ? zabda kI lahara kaise phailatI / A~kheM kaise khulI hotIM? manana kauna karatA? kauna bolatA? kauna hilatA ? yaha vizva acala rahatA jo cala hai usakA Alambana ( gati - sahAyaka ) tattva yahI hai / bhagavAn ne kahA " gautama! sthiti kA AdhAra na hotA, to khar3A kauna rahA hotA ? baiThatA kauna? yaha saba kaise hotA ?" - " sotA kauna ? mana ko ekAgra kauna karatA? mauna kisane dhAraNa kiyA hotA? nispanda kauna baiThA hotA? yaha saMpUrNa vizva cala hI ho gayA hotaa| jo sthira haiM, una saba kA Alambana sthiti-sahAyaka tattva hI hai" / 40 isa prakAra ke udAharaNoM se dharma tathA adharma donoM dravya siddha hote haiM / prAcIna-navIna ityAdi vibhAga kAla ke binA nahIM hote| isalie kAla bhI dravya siddha hotA hai / isI prakAra jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudgala ye chaha sadbhAva dravya haiM, yaha siddha hotA hai| ye chaha dravya kabhI nahIM the aisA nahIM hai| ve kabhI nahIM haiM, aisA bhI nahIM / ve the, haiM aura rheNge| ve dhruva, niyata, zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya haiM / isa prakAra ye dravya zAzvata haiM / " jIvadravya aura pudgala dravya nimittabhUta dUsare dravyoM kI sahAyatA se kriyAnvita hote haiM / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cAra dravya kriyAnvita nahIM hote / jIvadravya pudgala ke nimitta se kriyAnvita hotA hai aura pudgalaskaMdha kAladravya ke nimitta se kriyAnvita hotA hai 1 bhAva yaha hai ki eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza meM gamana karanA kriyA kahalAtA hai / SaDdravyoM meM se jIva aura pudgala eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza meM gamana karate haiM aura kamparUpa avasthA ko bhI dhAraNa karate haiM / isalie ve sakriya arthAt kriyAnvita haiN| zeSa cAra dravya niSkriya aura niSkampa haiM / 42 jIva aura pudgala kI gati kevala loka meM hotI hai, aloka meM nahIM / isake cAra kAraNa haiM : (1) gati kA abhAva, ( 2 ) sahAyaka kA abhAva, (3) rUkSatA aura (4) loksvbhaav|' 43

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva AkAzAstikAya (Space, medium of location of soul, matter & Energies etc.) jaina- darzana ke samAna vijJAna bhI AkAza aura kAla ko dravyarUpa mAnatA hai / jo jIva aura dravya ko avakAza detA hai use jinendra bhagavAn ne AkAzadravya kahA hai| usake lokAkAza aura alokAkAza do bheda haiN| ** 77 AkAza dravya kA svabhAva jIva, pudgala, dharma tathA adharma ko sthAna (avakAza) denA haiM / 45 vaha jaina-darzana meM AkAza ke do bheda mAne gae haiM :- (1) lokAkAza tathA ( 2 ) alokaakaash| dharma, adharma, kAla, pudgala aura jIva ye pA~ca dravya jisameM haiM, lokAkAza hai| jisameM ye pA~ca dravya nahIM haiM, kevala AkAza hI hai, vaha alokAkAza hai / lokAkAza ke Age alokAkAza hai| loka aura alokavyApI sampUrNa AkAza ananta pradezI hai kyoMki aloka kA anta nahIM hai / paraMtu lokAkAza kA anta hai I isalie vaha asaMkhyAta- pradezI hai| i da. dharmadravya aura adharmadravya AkAza meM vyApta haiN| lokAkAza (Space) meM eka bhI pradeza aisA nahIM, jahA~ dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya nahIM haiN| dharmAstikAya Adi pA~ca dravya nitya haiM, sthira haiM aura arUpI haiM / pudgala mUrta hai| dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya eka-eka haiM aura niSkriya haiN| ye pA~ca dravya nitya haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki ye pA~ca dravya apane sAmAnya aura vizeSa svarUpa se kabhI cyuta nahIM hote / ye pA~ca dravya sthira haiM kyoMki inakI saMkhyA meM kabhI kSaya yA vRddhi nahIM hotI / 47 dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya ye cAra dravya arUpI, amUrta, pudgalarUpI aura mUrta haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki nityatva aura avasthitattva ye donoM ina pA~coM dravyoM ke samAna guNadharma haiN| parantu arUpitva, pudgala ko chor3akara anya cAra dravyoM kA samAna guNadharma hai| nityatva aura avasthitattva meM antara hai nityatva kA artha hai apane-apane sAmAnya aura vizeSa svarUpa se na DhalanA (cyuta na honA) aura avAsthitattva kA Azaya hai Apane svarUpa meM sthira rahanA arthAt parasvarUpa ko - prApta na karanA / jIvatattva apane dravyAtmaka sAmAnya rUpa ko aura cetanAtmaka vizeSa rUpa ko kabhI nahIM chor3atA, yaha usakA nityatva hai| sAtha hI ukta svarUpa ko na chor3akara ajIva tattva ke svarUpa ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, yaha usakA avasthitattva hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki svarUpa ko na tyAganA aura parasvarUpa ko grahaNa na karanA ye donoM aMza saba dravyoM meM eka jaise haiN| inameM se pahalA aMza nityatva hai aura dUsarA aMza avasthitattva hai| 48

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva AkAza meM nimitta honA AkAzadravya kA kArya hai / gautama ne pUchA "bhagavan! AkAza tattva se jIva aura ajIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA " gautama! yadi AkAza dravya nahIM hotA taba ye jIva kahA~ rahe hote ? dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kahA~ vyApta hue hote? pudgala kahA~ rahe hote? yaha vizva nirAdhAra hI rahA hotaa|** 78 AkAza dravya acetana hai, amUrta hai tathA vibhu hai / samasta dravyoM ko avakAza denA hI usakA lakSaNa hai / vaha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai - lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / dharma aura adharma kA astittva jaina darzana ke alAvA kisI bhI darzana ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, parantu AkAza ke saMbaMdha meM aneka mata pracalita haiN| AkAza koI Thosa dravya nahIM hai / vaha khAlI sthAna hai / vaha sarvavyApI, amUrta aura ananta - pradezayukta hai| jisa prakAra pAnI kA AzrayasthAna jalAzaya hai, usI prakAra saba dravyoM kA AzrayasthAna lokAkAza hai| zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki AkAza akhaNDa dravya hai, to usake do vibhAga kaise ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki dharmadravya aura adharmadravya ke AdhAra para yaha vibhAjana huA hai, AkAzadravya ke AdhAra para nhiiN| AkAza eka akhaNDa dravya hai, parantu jisa khaNDa meM dharma, adharma, jIva, pudgala aura kAla rahate haiM, vaha lokAkAza hai aura jisa khaNDa meM unakA abhAva hai, vaha alokAkAza hai 1 AkAza anya dravyoM se jyAdA vistRta hai isalie vaha AdhAra hai aura anya dravya usameM rahate haiM isalie ve Adheya haiM / jaina dRSTi ke anusAra pRthvI kA AdhAra jala hai, jala kA AdhAra vAyu hai aura vAyu kA AdhAra AkAza hai / parantu AkAza kA AdhAra koI nahIM hai / vaha svapratiSThita hai| usake lie kisI dravya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| bauddha, vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura vedAnta darzanoM ne bhI AkAza dravya ko mAnA hai / parantu jainadarzana meM AkAza dravya kA jaisA vistRta vivecana hai, vaisA kahIM nahIM hai / bauddha darzana meM AkAza kA svarUpa AvaraNAbhAva mAnA gayA hai aura usakA utpAda, vinAza nahIM hotA aisA kahA gayA hai / parantu jaina darzana ne AkAza ko abhAvAtmaka nahIM mAnA hai apitu usameM utpAda, vinAza aura sthiratArUpa sAmAnya lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai 1 - vaizeSika-darzana meM AkAza ko eka svataMtra pudgala mAnA gayA hai| paraMtu vahA~ zabdaguNa ke janaka ko AkAza kahA gayA hai| jaina-darzana meM dizA ko AkAza se alaga nahIM mAnA gayA hai kyoMki AkAza ke pradeza meM hI dizA kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| isake atirikta AkAza zabdaguNa kA janaka nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki zabda mUrta aura pudgala vizeSa hai| AkAza amUrta dravya hai| amUrta dravya mUrta dravya kA janaka kaise ho sakatA hai? usI prakAra AkAza prakRti ( acetana) kA vikAra yA brahama kI vivartatA bhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki AkAza eka svataMtra dravya hai / AkAza ko vedAnta - darzana meM brahama kA

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vivarta aura sAMkhya-darzana meM prakRti kA vikAra mAnA gayA hai kyoMki AkAza eka svataMtra dravya hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra AkAza, dravya kI apekSA se ananta pradezAtmaka dravya hai| kSetra kI apekSA se ananta, vistRta, loka-alokamaya hai| kAla kI apekSA se AkAza anAdi tathA ananta hai aura bhAva kI apekSA se amUrta hai|| Adhunika vaijJAnika prayogoM ne AkAza meM zabdaguNa kI kalpanA ko asatya siddha kiyA hai| zabda pudgala hai / jo zabda paudgalika iMdriyoM dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha paudgalika hI ho sakatA hai| isalie zabdaguNa ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM AkAza kA astittva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kevala pudgala dravya kA pariNamana AkAza nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki eka hI dravya ke mUrta, amUrta, vyApaka aura avyApaka Adi paraspara virodhI pariNamana nahIM ho skte| ____ AkAzatattva ke saMbaMdha meM pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ke do mata dikhAI dete haiM - (1) vAstavika aura (2) avaastvik| DekATusa, lAivanIja, pANDityavAdI dArzanika kAnTa Adi AkAza ko svataMtra vastusApekSa vAstavika nahIM maante| parantu pleTo, arastu, greseNDI Adi AkAza ko svataMtra vastusApekSa vAstavika mAnate haiN| jainadarzana AkAza ko astikAya mAnatA hai, jo vAstavika hai| vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se jainadarzana kA mata dUsare pakSa se mela khAtA hai| AkAza ke saMbaMdha meM do bheda aura bhI haiM - (1) zUnya aura (2) azUnya / pANDityavAdI dArzanika kANTa, greseNDI Adi tattvajJa zUnya AkAza kA astittva bhI vAstavika mAnate haiM jabaki DekATusa, lAivanIja, pleTo Adi kA mata hai ki padArtha ke abhAva meM AkAza kA kucha bhI astittva nahIM hai| saiddhAntika dRSTi se jainadarzana kA sAdRzya prathama pakSa ke sAtha dikhAI detA hai| alokAkAza pUrNatayA rikta hai, phira bhI vAstavika hai| lokAkAza meM bhI nizcita rUpa se zUnyatA kI vidyamAnatA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai parantu vyAvahArika dRSTi se saMpUrNa lokAkAza padArthoM se vyApta hai| jaina-darzana kI AkAza-saMbaMdhI mAnyatA meM aura kANTa kI vicAradhArA meM hameM sAmya dikhAI detA hai| donoM ne hI zUnya AkAza ke astittva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| nyUTana Adi ne bhI jainadarzana ke samAna hI AkAza ko vAstavika svarUpa meM svataMtra 'vastusApekSa' svIkAra kiyA hai tathA use agatizIla evaM akhaNDa zUnyatA se yukta mAnA hai / parantu donoM vicAroM meM bahuta bar3A antara hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki nyUTana kA 'nirapekSa AkAza' tathA jainoM kA AkAzAstikAya kA siddhAnta tArkika dRSTi se vajanadAra aura abhedya haiN|" avagAhana-siddhi samasta dravyoM ko avagAha (sthAna) denA AkAza kA vizeSa guNa hai| alokAkAza meM avakAza dene kA svabhAva nahIM hotaa| isa se yaha samajha meM AtA

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva haiM ki yaha AkAza kA svabhAva nahIM hai| kyoMki koI bhI dravya apane svabhAva kA tyAga nahIM krtaa| zakti kI dRSTi se usameM bhI AkAza kA vyavahAra hotA hai| kriyA kA nimitta hote hue bhI rUr3hi ke vizeSa sAmarthya ke kAraNa alokAkAza ko 'AkAza' saMjJA prApta hotI hai| jisa prakAra baiThI huI gAya meM calana kriyA kA abhAva hote hue bhI calana-zakti ke kAraNa 'go' zabda kI pravRti dikhAI hetI hai| loka asaMkhyAta pradeza kA hai isalie vaha ananta aura anaMtAnanta pradeza ke skaMdha kA AdhAra hai, yaha bAta mAna lene meM virodha hai| parantu yaha doSa nahIM hai| kyoMki sUkSma pariNamana ke kAraNa aura avagAhana zakti ke kAraNa AkAza ananta yA anaMtAnaMta pradeza ke pudgala-skaMdha kA AdhAra banatA hai, sUkSma rUpa se pariNata hue paramANu AkAza ke pradeza meM vAsa karate haiN| unakI avagAhana-zakti bAdhArahita hotI hai| isalie AkAza ke eka pradeza meM anaMtAnaMta pudgaloM ke vAstavya kA virodha nahIM haiM phira bhI choTe AdhAra meM bar3A AdhAra nahIM raha sakatA, aisA koI ekapakSIya niyama nahIM hai| pudgaloM meM aneka prakAra ke saghana saMghAta hone se choTI jagaha meM aneka pudgaloM kA vAstavya ho sakatA hai| jaise - kisI choTI sI campA kI kalI meM aneka gaMdhAvayava sUkSma rUpa se vAsa karate haiN| paraMtu ve jaba phailane lagate haiM, taba samasta dizAoM meM phaila jAte haiN|2 . AkAza kA eka pradeza bhI zeSa pA~ca dravyoM ke pradeza ko aura atisUkSmatA se pariNamana ko prApta aneka paramANuoM ke skaMdhoM ko avakAza dene meM samartha hotA hai| jitanA AkAza avibhAgI pudgala aNuoM se vyApta hotA hai, use saba paramANuoM ko sthAna dene meM samartha 'pradeza' jAna lenA cAhie / kAla (TIME) kAla arUpI aura ajIva dravya hai| kAla ananta hai| dina, rAta, mAsa, Rtu, varSa Adi usake bheda haiN| ye samasta bheda kAla ke kAraNa hI hote haiN| kAla na hotA to ye bheda bhI nahIM hote| jIva aura pudgala meM samaya-samaya para jIrNatA utpanna hotI hai, vaha kAla dravya kI sahAyatA ke binA nahIM ho sktii| utpAda, vyaya dhrauvyarUpa svabhAva se yukta jIva aura pudgala kA jo pariNamana dikhAI detA hai, usase kAla dravya siddha hotA hai|5|| ____ kAla dravya pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gandha aura ATha sparzoM se rahita hai| hAni-vRddhirUpa hai, agurulaghu guNoM se yukta hai, amUrta hai aura vartanA-lakSaNasahita ___ jIvAdi dravya ke parivartana kA kAraNa kAla hai| dharmAdi cAra dravyoM meM guNa aura paryAya svabhAvataH hI hote haiM arthAt jIvAdi dravyoM meM samaya-samaya para jo vartanArUpa pariNamana hotA hai, usakA nimitta kAraNa kAladravya hai| dharma, adharma,

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva AkAza aura kAla ina cAra dravyoM ke jo guNa aura paryAya haiM, ve hamezA svabhAvarUpa hote hai| unameM vibhAvarUpatA nahIM hotii| kAla vizva kI sarvavyApaka AkRti hai| kAla ke kAraNa saMsAra ke saba kArya sUtrabaddha haiN| kAla kA astittva hai lekina usameM vistAra nahIM hai| nityakAla meM aura sApekSakAla meM bheda kiyA jAtA hai| nityakAla ko hama 'kAla' kahate haiM aura sApekSakAla ko 'samaya' kahate haiN| kAla samaya kA mahattvapUrNa kAraNa hai| kAla ko cakra yA ghUmane vAlA pahiyA kahA jAtA hai| kAla kI gati se sAre padArthoM kI AkRti kA vilaya saMbhava hotA hai isalie kAla ko saMhArakartA bhI kahA gayA bhagavadagItA meM zrIkRSNa kahate haiM - "logoM kA saMhAra karane vAlA aura usake lie vRddhi ko prApta kAla maiM huuN| yahA~ maiM logoM kA saMhAra karane ke lie pravRtta huA huuN| tumheM chor3akara donoM senA-samudAyoM meM jo yoddhA haiM, ve sabhI naSTa hoNge|"56. 'kAla' zabda atyanta prAcIna hai| vaidika vidvAn adhamarSaNa Rgveda meM (10-160) 'kAla' zabda kA artha saMvatsara karate haiN| atharvaveda meM kAla ko nitya padArtha mAnA gayA hai aura usase pratyeka vastu kI utpatti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai (16-53,54) / bRhadAraNyaka (4-4-16), maitrAyaNa (6-15) Adi upaniSadoM meM bhI kAla zabda vividha arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| mahAbhArata meM kAla kA vistRta varNana dikhAI detA hai| isameM 'kAla' zabda ko diSTa, deva, haTha, bhavya, bhavitavya, vihita, bhAgadheya Adi aneka arthoM meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| veda aura upaniSadoM meM aneka sthAnoM para 'kAla' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vaidika darzana kAla meM do bheda dikhAI dete haiM - (1) naizcayika kAla aura (2) vyavahArika kaal| naiyAyika aura vaizeSika kAla ko sarva-vyApI svataMtra aura akhaNDa dravya mAnate haiN| yoga, sAMkhya Adi darzana kAla ko svataMtra dravya nahIM maante| bauddha-darzana meM 'kAla' vyavahAra ke lie kalpita saMjJA hai| vaha svabhAvasiddha padArtha nahIM hai| bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAnakAla ye tIna bheda kAla ke binA ho hI nahIM skte| saMpUrNakAlika vyavahAra mukhya kAladravya ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| zAMkara vedAnta ke matAnusAra kevala brahma hI satya hai| kAla to eka kAlpanika vastu hai| zaMkara ke samAna hI rAmAnuja, nimbArka, mAdhva aura vallabha saMpradAya ne bhI kAla ko vAstavika padArtha nahIM mAnA hai| zAntarakSita Adi bauddha

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82 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva AcArya bhI kAladravya kA pRthak astittva nahIM maante| pAzcAtya vidvAna kAla ke saMbaMdha meM donoM siddhAntoM ko mAnate haiN| jaina-graMthoM meM kAla ke saMbaMdha meM donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ dikhAI detI haiN| (1) eka pakSa kA kahanA hai ki kAla koI svataMtra dravya nahIM hai| jIva aura ajIva dravya ke paryAya ke pariNamana ko hI upacAra se kAla kahA jAtA hai| isalie jIva aura ajIva dravyoM meM hI kAla dravya garbhita hotA hai| (2) dUsare pakSa kA kahanA hai ki jIva aura ajIva meM gatisthiti kA svabhAva hai| phira bhI dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko pRthak dravya mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra kAla ko bhI svataMtra dravya mAnanA caahie| yaha mAnyatA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM graMthoM meM milatI hai| dUsare pakSa kI cAra mAnyatAoM kA ullekha paM0 sukhalAla ne purAtattva ke eka aMka meM isa prakAra kiyA hai - (1) kAla eka aura aNumAtra hai, (2) kAla eka hai paraMtu vaha aNumAtra na hokara manuSyakSetra lokavartI hai, (3) kAla eka aura lokavyApI hai, (4) kAla asaMkhya hai aura saba paramANumAtra hai|60 samasta dravyoM para kAla dravya ke upakAra kAla dravya ke saba dravyoM para pA~ca upakAra haiM - vartanA, parimANa, kriyA, paratva aura aprtv|61 vartanA - samaya-samaya para chahoM dravyoM meM jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa pariNamana hotA hai, vaha kAla dravya ke dvArA anya dravyoM para kiyA gayA 'vartanA' upakAra hai| sabhI dravya apane dravyatva guNa ke kAraNa svayaM pariNamana karate rahate haiM aura usa pariNamana ke lie jo bAhya sahAyaka (nimitta) hotA hai, vaha 'kAla' dravya hai aura yahI nizcaya kAla kA lakSaNa hai| vartanA kA artha hai pariNamana meM nimitta honaa| vartanA kA zAbdika artha hai vartAne vAlA arthAt pariNamana karAne vaalaa| saMkSepa meM kaheM to kAla kA guNa vartanAhetutva hai| vartanA kA artha hai dravya kA bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM aura avasthAoM meM rhnaa| udAharaNArtha - cAvala bhAta ke rUpa meM, dUdha dahI ke rUpa meM, bIja aMkura ke rUpa meM, phUla phala ke rUpa meM, naI vastu purAnI vastu ke rUpa meM honA, ye samasta prakriyAe~ kAla ke kAraNa hI hotI pariNAma - apane svabhAva ko na chor3ate hue dravya kA paryAya badalatA hai, use 'pariNAma' kahate haiN| aise pariNAma jIvoM meM jJAnAdi aura krodhAdi, pudgaloM

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83 jaina darzana ke nava tattva meM pIta-nIla-varNAdi aura dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM meM agurulaghu guNoM kI hAni - vRddhi rUpa haiM / kriyA eka jagaha se dUsarI jagaha pahu~cane ke lie kAraNabhUta pariNAma ko kriyA kahate haiM / arthAt kriyAzIla pariNati ko kriyA kahate haiM / yaha kriyA kevala jIva aura pudgala dravyoM meM hotI hai / paratvAparatva paratva kA artha jyeSThatva aura aparatva kA artha kaniSThatva hai| yaha purAnA hai, yaha nayA hai, yaha bar3A hai, vyavahAra hotA hai use paratpAparatva kahate haiN| udAharaNArtha aura vaha pA~ca varSa choTA hai / gayA hai - yadyapi vartanA Adi kArya dharmAstikAya Adi kA hI hai, phira bhI kAla ke saba kA nimitta kAraNa hone se, yahA~ usakA kAla ke upakArI rUpa meM varNana kiyA 1 * sArAMzataH saba kucha kAla dravya kI sahAyatA se hai| jisa prakAra japamAlA kA eka motI u~galI se Age nikalatA hai aura usake sthAna para dUsarA AtA hai, dUsarA nikalakara tIsarA AtA hai, usI prakAra vartamAna kSaNa jaise hI vyatIta hotA hai, vaise hI nayA kSaNa upasthita hotA hai / dUsarI upamA raha~Ta kI dI jA sakatI hai| eka ke bAda dUsarA kAla dravya upasthita hotA rahatA hai| 1 yaha choTA hai, aisA jo yaha sAta varSa bar3A hai yaha kAla-pravAha bhUtakAla meM yA vartamAnakAla meM hai aura bhaviSyakAla meM bhI calatA rhegaa| yaha pravAha anAdi aura ananta hai / isI prakAra kAla dravya hamezA utpanna hotA rahatA hai| vartamAnakAla bhI eka samayarUpa hai| 1 I 1 kAladravya ke alpAMza ko jaina padArthavijJAna meM 'samaya' kahA jAtA hai samaya kAla kA sUkSma aMza hai / vaha itanA sUkSma hai ki usake vibhAga nahIM hote / samaya kI sUkSmatA kI kalpanA nimnalikhita udAharaNa se spaSTa hotI hai jisa prakAra yadi kamala-patroM eka para eka rakhakara unheM bhAle kI noMka se chedA jAye to eka patra se dUsare patra meM jAte samaya bhAle kI noMka ko jitanA samaya lagegA, vaha asaMkhyAta samaya hai / kAla ke tIna bhAga haiM - (1) atIta, (2) vartamAna aura (3) anAgata / vartamAna kAla meM hamezA eka samaya rahatA hai / bhUtakAla meM ananta samaya ho cuke haiM bhaviSyat kAla meM ananta samaya hoNge| pratyeka vastu meM, parivartana kI yogyatA hote hue bhI, kAladravya kI sahAyatA se hI parivartana hotA hai / vastu apane svarUpa kA tyAga nahIM karatI / parantu pratyeka kSaNa parivartita hotI rahatI hai / yaha parivartana vastu kA apanA svabhAva hai| isa svabhAva kA kAryarUpa meM rUpAntara karane meM kAla dravya sahakArI kAraNa hotA hai / kAladravya asaMkhyAta - pradezayukta hai / 3 kumhAra ke cakra ke nIce kI kIla cakra kI gati kI sahAyaka hai, parantu vaha gati utpanna nahIM krtii| usI prakAra kAla dravya anya dravya ke pariNamana ke lie kevala nimitta hai, preraka nahIM / 14

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84 jaina darzana ke nava tattva nizcaya-kAla aura vyavahAra kAla jaina - zAstra meM kAla ke do bheda mAne gae haiM - ( 1 ) nizcayakAla ( dravyarUpa) aura ( 2 ) vyavahArakAla ( paryAyarUpa ) / jisa kAraNa se dravya meM vartanA hotI hai, arthAt jo vartanA- lakSaNa kA dhAraka hai, use nizcayakAla kahate haiM / jisa prakAra dharma aura adharma padArtha kI gati evaM sthiti meM sahakArI kAraNa haiM, usI prakAra kAla svayaM dravya kI vartanA meM sahakArI kAraNa hai / 65 jisa kAraNa se jIva aura pudgala meM parivartanarUpa nae aura jIrNa paryAya hote haiM, pariNAma, kriyA, choTe-bar3e Adi vyavahAra dikhAI dete haiM, use vyavahArakAla kahate haiM / samaya, avali, ghar3I Adi samasta vyavahAra kAla ke rUpa haiM / vyavahArakAla nizcayakAla kA paryAya hai tathA jIva aura pudgala ke pariNAma se hI utpanna hotA hai / isalie vyavahArakAla ko jIva aura pudgala para Azrita mAnA gayA hai| I vyavahArakAla manuSya-kSetra meM hI hotA hai / nizcayakAla dravyarUpa hone se nitya hai aura vyavahArakAla pratyeka kSaNa naSTa hone ke kAraNa aura paryAyarUpa hone se anitya hai / kAladravya aNurUpa hai| pudgala dravya ke samAna kAla dravya ke skaMdha nahIM hote / lokAkAza meM jitane pradeza hote haiM utane hI kAlANu hote haiM / ye kAlANu gati rahita hote haiN| ye lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza para ratnoM kI rAzi ke samAna avasthita hote haiM / kAladravya ke aNu hone se kAla meM eka hI pradeza rahatA hai / isalie kAladravya meM tiryaka pracaya na hone se pA~ca astikAyoM meM kAla kI gaNanA nahIM kI gaI hai| praoN-e-cakravartI ne kAladravya kI isa mAnyatA se Adhunika vaijJAnika siddhAnta kI tulanA kI hai / DaoN0 siddhezvara zAstrI kA 'kAlacakra' ( pR 36-48) evaM praoN0 varuA ke Pre-Buddhist philosophy ( khaNDa 3, a- 13) meM kAla saMbaMdhI vaidika mAnyatA kA vistRta varNana hai| mAdhyamika kArikA aura sanmatI TIkA Adi meM bhI kAlavAdiyoM ke khaNDana kA vistRta vivecana haiM 1 pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gaMdha aura ATha sparza se rahita SaDguNa, hAnivRddhi rUpa, agurulaghu guNoM se yukta, dravya ke pariNamana ke lie jisakA bAhUya lakSaNa nimitta hai, aisA kAlAnurUpa nizcayakAla dravya hai / 67 padArtha apane-apane upAdAnarUpa kAraNoM se svayaM hI pariNamana ko prApta hotA hai| kAladravya anya dravya kI pariNati meM sahAyaka hai| jisa prakAra kumhAra kA cakra svayaM hI ghUmatA hai, tathA usake paribhramaNa ke lie nIce kI kIla kevala sahAyaka hotI hai, usI prakAra kAladravya samasta dravyoM kI pariNati kA nimittabhUta hai / jo padArtha pariNati meM sahakArI hai use vartanA kahate haiM / aura vartanA jisakA lakSaNa hai vaha nizcayakAla hai| 68

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jaina-darzana ke nava tatva jo Adi-anta rahita hai, amUrta hai, nitya hai aura samaya Adi upAdAna kAraNabhUta hai, kAlAnudravyarUpa hai, vaha nizcayakAla hai| isake viparIta jo Adi aura anta sahita hai, samaya, ghaTikA, dina, rAta, prahara, Rtu, mAsa, ayana, varSa Adi vyavahAra-vikalpa se yukta hai, vaha dravyakAla kA hI paryAyabhUta vyavahArakAla nizcayakAla dravya kI apekSA se nitya hai| usI kA paryAya vyavahArakAla hai vaha utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai jo pratyeka kSaNa ko badalatA hai, vaha vyavahArakAla hai| vyavahArakAla ko atIta tathA anAgata kAla kI apekSA se dekhA jAye to yaha dIrghakAla taka Tikane vAlA hai| nizcayakAla meM 'kAla' saMjJA mukhya hai| bhUta, bhaviSyat tathA vartamAna saMjJAe~ gauNa haiM kintu vyavahArakAla meM bhUta, bhaviSyat tathA vartamAna saMjJAe~ haiM aura 'kAla' saMjJA gauNa hai|00 samaya, nimiSa, kASThA, kalA, nAr3I, dina, rAta, mahInA, Rtu, ayana aura varSa ye sabhI vyavahArakAla haiM kyoMki ye vyavahArakAla sUryodaya aura sUryAsta ityAdi ke dvArA padArthoM ke nimitta se anubhava meM Ate haiN| isalie parAdhIna haiN|" samaya- AkAza ke eka sthAna meM manda gati se calane vAlA paramANu lokAkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza taka jitane kAla meM pahu~catA hai, use 'samaya' kahA jAtA hai| yaha samaya atyanta sUkSma hai aura pratikSaNa utpanna tathA naSTa hone se ise paryAya kahate haiN| pratyeka kAlANu meM ananta samaya hote haiN| ye kAlANu ke ananta samaya vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se samajhane caahie| sacamuca kAladravya (nizcayakAla) lokAkAza ke sAtha asaMkhya pradeza ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hai| use AkAza Adi ke samAna eka aura pudgala ke samAna ananta nahIM mAna skte| yaha mata digambara-graMthoM meM aura hemacandra ke yogazAstra meM milatA hai| zvetAmbaroM meM kAlANu ke asaMkhya pradeza nahIM mAne gae haiN| nimiSa - palaka jhapakane taka kA kAla nimiSa kahalAtA hai| asaMkhyAta samaya jaba vyatIta hotA hai, taba eka nimiSa hotA hai| kASThA - paMdraha nimiSa milakara eka kASThA hotI hai| kalA - bIsa kASThA milakara eka kalA hotI hai| nAr3I - bIsa kalA hokara kucha adhika samaya hotA hai taba eka nAr3I yA eka ghar3I hotI hai| muhUrta - do ghar3I milakara eka muhUrta hotA hai| dina-rAta . tIsa muhUrta vyatIta hote haiM, taba eka dina-rAta hotA hai aura vaha sUrya kI gati se jAnA jAtA hai| mAsa - tIsa dinoM kA eka mAsa (mahInA) hotA hai| Rtu - do mahInoM kI eka Rtu hotI hai|

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86 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ayana - tIna RtuoM kA eka ayana hotA hai| varSa - do ayana milakara eka varSa hotA hai| jaba taka varSa ginA jAtA hai, taba taka kA kAla saMkhyAta kAla hai| isake alAvA palya, sAgara, asaMkhyAta aura ananta kAla haiN| ye vyavahArakAla haiN| mUla paryAya nizcayakAla hai| pudgala dravya ke binA kAla kI maryAdA nahIM ho sakatI isalie vyavahArakAla pudgala dravya ke nimitta se utpanna hotA hai| arthAt pudgala dravya kI Adi-anta kriyA se vyavahArakAla samajhA jAtA hai| paraMtu paryAya nizcayakAlAtIta hai| pudgala kI pariNati kI siddhi nizcayakAla ke binA nahIM ho sakatI aura pudgala kI navInatA tathA jIrNatva ke pariNAma kI maryAdA ke binA vyavahAra-zuddhi nahIM ho sktii| 73 pudgala (MATTER) nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM ne jise 'bhautika tattva kahA hai evaM vijJAna ne jise maiTara kahA hai, use jaina-darzana meM pudgala kahA gayA hai| bauddha-darzana meM 'pudgala' zabda 'Alaya-vijJAna' 'cetanA-saMtati' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| jaina-Agama-sAhitya meM gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIrase pudgala ke viSaya meM pUchA taba mahAvIra ne abhedopacAra se pudgalayukta AtmA ko pudgala kahA hai| parantu mukhyataH pudgala kA artha 'mUrtadravya' jIva, dharma tathA adharma ke asaMkhya aura AkAza ke ananta khaNDa hote haiN| parantu pudgala akhaNDa dravya nahIM hai| usakA saba se choTA rUpa eka paramANu aura bar3A rUpa sampUrNa vizva hai| isalie pudgala ko pUraNa-galana-dharmI kahA gayA hai| pudgala kI vyAkhyA 'pudgala' zabda meM do pada haiN| 'pud' aura 'gala' / pud kA artha hai - mila jAnA (Combination) aura gala kA artha hai- naSTa honA, gala jAnA (Disintegration) / jo dravya pratikSaNa pUrNa hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai, banatA hai aura bigar3atA hai, jur3atA hai aura TUTatA hai, vaha pudgala hai| 05 tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya), dhavalA, harivaMzapurANa, sarvadarzanasaMgraha, tattvArtharAjavArtika Adi aneka graMthoM meM milanA aura naSTa honA jisakA svabhAva hai, aise padArtha ko 'pudgala' kahA gayA hai| pudgala eka aisA dravya hai jise sparza kiyA

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva jo dRzya kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA svAda liyA jAtA hai, jo sU~ghA jAtA hai, arthAta usameM sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa ye cAra aMga anivArya rUpa se hote haiN| paramANu se lekara mahAskandha pRthvI taka ke jisa pudgala dravya meM pA~ca rUpa, pA~ca rasa, do gaMdha aura ATha sparza, ye cAra prakAra ke guNa vidyamAna haiM, jo zabdarUpa hai, vaha bhASA, dhvani Adi ke bhedoM se aneka prakAra kA pudgala paryAya 77 87 hai 1 Aja ke vaijJAnika hAiDrojana aura nAiTrojana ko varNa, gaMdha aura rasa se hIna mAnate haiM / parantu unakA yaha mata gauNa hai / dUsarI dRSTi se dekhane para ina guNoM ko siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / amoniyA meM eka aMza hAiDrojana aura tIna aMza nAiTrojana hotA hai / amoniyA meM gaMdha aura rasa ye do guNa haiN| hAiDrojana aura nAiTrojana se milakara hI amoniyA banatA hai / isalie amoniyA ke jo rasa aura gaMdha guNa haiM unakA hAiDrojana ke pratyeka aMza meM honA Avazyaka hai / jo gupta guNa the ve hI usameM prakaTa ho ge| pudgala dravya meM cAroM guNa (sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa) hote haiN| cAhe ve prakaTa hoM yA aprakaTa / pudgala tInoM kAloM meM rahatA haiM isalie vaha sat hai amoniyA meM gaMdha aura rasa donoM guNa haiN| ina donoM guNoM kI navIna utpatti nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki yaha satya hai ki asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotI aura sat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA hai| isalie jo guNa aNu meM hotA hai, vahI guNa skandha (Molecule) meM AtA hai isalie pudgala sat hai / 1 1 jo utpAda vyaya evaM dhauvya se yukta hai, apane sat svabhAva kA tyAga nahIM karatA aura guNa - paryAya sahita haiM, vaha dravya hai / vyaya ke binA utpAda nahIM hotA aura utpAda ke binA vyaya nahIM hotA / utpAda aura vyaya ke binA dhauvya nahIM hotA / dravya kA eka paryAya utpanna hotA hai aura dUsarA paryAya naSTa hotA hai / parantu dravya na to kabhI utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa hotA hai / vaha sadaiva dhruva rahatA hai Aja kA vijJAna bhI yahI mAnatA hai ki kisI bhI bhautika padArtha ke parivartana meM jar3a padArtha kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA aura navIna padArtha utpanna nahIM hotA / kevala usake svarUpa meM parivartana hotA hai| momabattI ke udAharaNa se yaha bAta spaSTataH samajhI jA sakatI haiN| ise padArtha ke avinAzitva kA tattva' kahate hai / samasta pudgala paramANuoM se nirmita haiM / paramANu sUkSma aura avibhAjya haiM / tattvArtharAjavArtika meM paramANu kA lakSaNa aura usake viziSTa guNa nimnalikhita

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88 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva prakAra se batAye gaye haiM aura pudgala dravya ke aNu aura skandha do bheda kiye gaye hai| (1) samasta pudgala skaMdha paramANu se nirmita haiM aura paramANu pudgala kA sUkSmatama aMza hai| paramANu nitya, avinAzI aura sUkSma hai| paramANu meM rasa, gaMdha, varNa aura do sparza (snigdha athavA rUkSa, zIta athavA uSNa) haiN| paramANu kA anumAna usase nirmita skaMdha se kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina mata ke anusAra kucha pudgala-skaMdha saMkhyAta pradeza ke, kucha asaMkhyAta pradeza ke aura kucha anaMta pradeza ke hote haiN| saba se bar3A skandha ananta pradezI hotA hai aura saba se choTA skandha dvipradezI hotA hai| ananta pradezI skandha eka pradeza meM bhI samAveza kara sakatA hai| paramANu ikaTThe hone para skandha banatA hai| skandha pRthak hone para paramANu banate haiN| yaha dravya kI apekSA se hai| kSetra kI apekSA se skandha adi loka (triloka) ke eka deza se saMpUrNa loka taka asaMkhya vikalpAtmaka haiN| isake bAda skandha aura paramANu ke kAla kI apekSA se cAra bheda batAe gae hai| pudgala-skaMdha kI sthiti jaghanya (kama se kama) eka samaya (absolute unit of time) aura utkRSTa (jyAdA se jyAdA) asaMkhyAta (countless) kAla taka hai| pudgala ke do bheda : aNu aura skandha ___ 'pudgala' aNu (Atomic) aura skandha (Compound) rUpa se do prakAra ke haiN| atIva choTA hone se aNu kA upayoga nahIM kiyA jaataa| jo pudgala dravya kAraNarUpa hai, kAryarUpa nahIM hai, vaha antya dravya hai, vahI paramANu hai| usakA dUsarA vibhAga nahIM ho sakatA hai| usakA prArambha, madhya aura aMta vahI hotA hai| aise avibhAgI pudgala ke paramANu ko aNu kahate haiN| do aNu milakara skandha banatA hai| pudgala dravya kA dUsarA prakAra skandha hai| do-tIna, saMkhyAta-asaMkhyAta aura ananta paramANuoM ke piNDa (samUha) ko skandha kahate haiN| dvayaNuka Adi skandha kA vizleSaNa (analysis) karane para aNu adi utpanna hote haiN| aNu Adi ke samUha se dvayaNuka Adi hote haiN| kabhI-kabhI skandha kI utpatti, vizleSaNa aura saMghAta bhI donoM ke saMyoga se hote haiN|"

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva hai aNu aura skaMdha ye donoM pudgala kI viziSTa avasthAoM ke nAma 1 dvayaNuka Adi skandha kA vizleSaNa karane para aMta meM pudgala aNu-avasthA meM pahu~catA hai| aNu ke sAtha milane para pudgala skandha avasthA meM pahu~cate haiM tathA guNa Adi kA bandha hotA hai / 2 jaina- dArzanikoM ne prakRti aura UrjA ko pudgala kA paryAya mAnA hai I vijJAna bhI yahI mAnatA hai / zabda, bandha, sUkSma, sthUla, saMsthAna, bheda, chAyA, tama ( aMdhakAra ) udyota aura Atapa sahita jo haiM, ve sabhI pudgala ke paryAya haiN| aMdhakAra aura prakAza ke lakSaNa ko abhAvAtmaka na mAnate hue dRSTipratibaMdhakAraka aura virodhI tattva mAnA gayA hai| aMdhakAra pudgala kA eka paryAya hai| prakAza pudgala se usakA alaga astittva hai| isa vizAla vizva meM jitane bhI pudgala haiM ve sabhI snigdha aura rUkSa guNoM se yukta aise paramANuoM ke baMdhana se nirmita hote haiM / saba pudgaloM kA racanAtattva eka hI prakAra kA hotA hai / arthAt racanA-tattva kI dRSTi se samasta pudgala eka hI prakAra ke haiM I 89 chAyA bhI pudgala kA paryAya hai| prakAza ke nimitta se chAyA taiyAra hotI hai / prakAza ko Atapa aura udyota ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| sUrya kA camacama karane vAlA prakAza Atapa hai aura candra, kAjavA (jisakI pU~cha meM se prakAza nikalatA hai) Adi kA zItala prakAza udyota hai / zabda bhI paudgalika haiM / jisameM pUraNa tathA galana donoM haiM, vaha pudgala haiM / isalie eka skandha kA dUsare snigdha aura rUkSa guNayukta skandha meM mila jAnA pUraNa hai| eka skandha se kucha snigdha aura rUkSa guNayukta paramANuoM kA vibhakta ho jAnA galana hai / " paramANuoM ke vibhAga nahIM hote / parantu unameM sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhana kI zakti ke kAraNa asaMbhava bAteM saMbhava ho jAtI haiN| pudgala paramANu bahuta hI sUkSma haiN| usakI avagAhanA aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga jitanI hai| vaha talavAra kI noMka para A sakatA hai| paraMtu talavAra kI tIkhI dhAra use cheda nahIM sktii| aura agara chida jAya to vaha paramANu hI nahIM haiN|6 paramANu kA vibhAjana nahIM hotA / paramANu parasparaaura alaga ho sakate haiM / paraMtu unakA aMtima aMza akhaNDa hai| - saMyukta ho sakate haiM

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva paramANu zAzvata, pariNAmI, nitya, sAvakAza, skandha kA kartA tathA bhettA ( bheda karane vAlA) hai| paramANu kAraNarUpa hai, kAryarUpa nahIM / vaha aMtima, sUkSma tathA nitya dravya 90 hai| paramANu pudgala kA eka vibhAga hai| pudgala ke do prakAra haiM - (1) paramANu - pudgala aura noparamANu - pudgala / (2) dvayaNuka Adi skandha / jaina sAhitya meM paramANu kA svarUpa atyaMta sUkSma kahA gayA hai| paramANu achedya hai, abhedya hai aura agrAhya hai / yaha bAta nimnalikhita udAharaNa se spaSTa hotI hai - kAgaja ke Dhera meM Aga lagane para sAre kAgaja naSTa ho jAte haiM aura unakI rAkha bana jAtI hai / parantu kAgaja kI utpatti aura vinAza meM athavA kAgaja ke paryAyoM ke nAza aura rAkha ke paryAyoM kI utpatti meM paramANu apane rUpa meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / paryAya, nAma, rUpa aura gandha badala jAye to bhI paramANu meM kucha bhI pharka nahIM aataa| isalie pudgala dravya paramANu ke zuddha rUpa meM sadaiva banA rahatA hai| paramANu zabdarahita hai / zabda kI utpatti do pudgala skandhoM ke saMgharSa se hotI hai / paramANu skandha rahita hai isalie vaha zabdarahita bhI hai / paramANu eka hone para bhI mUrta hai| kAraNa usameM varNa, gandha, rasa tathA sparza haiN| ye cAroM guNa usake pradeza meM hote haiM, isalie paramANu mUrta hai, sAkAra hai| pudgala skandha kI nirmita paramANuoM ke samUha se hotI hai| agara paramANu mUrta na ho to usase taiyAra hue pudgala - skaMdha bhI mUrta nahIM ho skte| kyoMki amUrta dravya mUrta nahIM bana sakatA, aura mUrta dravya amUrta ke rUpa meM pariNata nahIM ho sktaa| kAraNa yaha ki eka dravya apane svabhAva ko chor3a kara parabhAvarUpa dUsare dravya meM pariNata nahIM ho sakatA / dravyasaMgraha meM AcArya nemicandra likhate haiM 'pudgala eka avibhAjya, paricchedya paramANu hai / aura vaha AkAza ke eka pradeza ko vyApta kara letA hai / usa pradeza meM anantAnanta pudgala paramANu bhI sthita ho sakate haiM I jitane padArtha A~khoM se dikhAI dete haiM, jitane padArthoM kA sparza kiyA jA sakatA hai, jitane padArthoM kA svAda liyA jAtA hai aura jitane padArthoM kA zabda sunAI detA hai, ve samasta padArtha pudgala haiM / pudgala - skandha meM bhI aneka skandha

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99 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva atyaMta sUkSma hote haiN| ve cakSu Adi iMdriyoM ke dvArA bhI pahacAne nahIM jA skte| zuddha pudgala paramANu bhI atyaMta sUkSma hone se iMdriyagocara nahIM hote| kucha skandha sthUla hote haiM jo A~khoM dvArA dekhe jA sakate haiM indriyagocara skandha ke bhI do bheda haiM - (1) kucha skandha (jaise - anna, phala Adi) aise haiM jo jIbha, A~kha, nAka, kAna aura tvacA ina pA~ca iMdriyoM dvArA svAda lekara, dekhakara, gaMdha sUMghakara, sunakara aura chUkara jAne jAte haiN| (2) kucha skaMdha (jaise - vAyu Adi) aise haiM jo dekhe nahIM jA sakate, paraMtu unakA sparza kiyA jA sakatA haiN| zabdarUpa pudgala-skaMdha aise hai jinheM sunA jA sakatA hai, jinheM mahasUsa kiyA jA sakatA hai, jinakA indriyoM para AghAta hotA rahatA hai, parantu ve A~khoM se hameM dikhAI nahIM dete| prakAza aura aMdhakAra rUpI pudgala-skaMdha A~khoM se dikhAI dete hai, paraMtu nAka, kAna, jihvA Adi indriyoM dvArA nahIM jAne jA skte| dhUpa aura caMdraprakAza se pariNata hone vAle pUdagala - skandha garama aura zItala sparza se jAne jAte haiN| ve dikhAI bhI dete haiM paraMtu unheM pakar3a kara unakA sthAnAntaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA anya iMdriyoM se unheM nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| 60 pudgala - paramANu jaba eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza meM jAtA hai taba use kAla - dravya kA sUkSma paryAya kahate hai| isa samayarUpa paryAya se kAla dravya kI siddhi hotI hai| isa prakAra pudgalAdi dravya ke pariNamana se arthAt parivartana se kAla dravya kA astittva dikhAI detA hai| isa prakAra eka jIva aura pA~ca ajIva (kula chaha prakAra ke) dravyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| bRhadravyasaMgraha meM AcArya nemicandra ne bhI chaha dravyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, pudgalAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya ye chaha dravya haiN| ye chaha dravya jisameM haiM, vaha 'loka' hai| arthAt yaha dravya samUha hI 'loka' hai aisA jinendra deva kA kathana hai| jaba koI vijJAna kA vidyArthI jainadarzana ke paramANu-siddhAnta ko par3hatA hai, taba use vijJAna aura jainadarzana meM Azcaryajanaka samAnatA jJAta hotI hai| mAdhavAcArya jI kA kathana hai ki Adhunika vijJAna ke sarvaprathama janmadAtA bhagavAn mahAvIra the| paramANu-pudgala varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza sahita hone se rUpI haiN| parantu dRSTigocara nahIM hote isa prakAra aneka pudgaloM ke ikaTThA hone se skandha banatA hai| ye skandha bhI kabhI-kabhI dRSTigocara nahIM hote| jisa prakAra bhASA ke zabda,

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva gandha ke pudgala tathA havA ke pudgala dRSTigocara nahIM hote| parantu Aja ke vijJAna-yuga meM vijJAna ne siddha kiyA hai ki ve pudgala dRSTigocara na hote hue bhI TelIvijana, reDiyo, grAmophona, TelipriMTara, vAyaralesa, TelIphona tathA TeparikaoNrDara ke rikArDa meM saMgRhIta kie jAte haiM aura hameM sunAe jAte haiN| ve rUpI haiM isalie mazIna kI sahAyatA se pakar3e jAte haiN| yaha bAta jainadarzana ne aneka varSa pUrva hI siddha karake batA dI thii| jainadarzana ke tattva, vijJAna ke tattvoM ke sAtha siddha kie jAte haiN| jaina-tattva-vijJAna siddha tattva hai| jaina-dArzanikoM ne jo pudgala kA sUkSma vivecana aura vizleSaNa kiyA hai, vaha apUrva hai| aneka pAzcAtya vicArakoM kA mata hai ki bhArata meM paramANuvAda yUnAna se AyA hai| parantu yaha kathana satya hai| yUnAna meM paramANuvAda kA janmadAtA DemokriTasa (IsavI pUrva 460-470) thA parantu usake paramANuvAda se jaina-darzana kA paramANuvAda bahuta hI alaga (pRthaka) hai| maulikatA kI dRSTi se vaha sarvathA bhinna hai| jaina dRSTi se paramANu cetanA kA ulaTA hai| matAnusAra AtmA sUkSma paramANu kA vikAra hai| aneka bhAratIya vidvAna kaNAda RSi ko paramANa kA janaka mAnate haiM paraMtu taTastha dRSTi se cintana karane para sahajatA se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki vaizeSika-darzana kA paramANuvAda jaina - paramANuvAda ke pahale kA nahIM hai| jaina-darzananikoM ne paramANu ke alaga-alaga hissoM para jisa prakAra vaijJAnika dRSTi se prakAza DAlA hai vaisA prakAza vaijJAnikoM ne nahIM ddaalaa| darzanazAstra ke itihAsa meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki paramANuvAda ke sidhdAntoM ko janma dene kA zreya jaina-darzana ko hI milanA caahie| upaniSad sAhitya meM aNu zabda kA prayoga huA hai| paraMtu paramANuvAda kA kahIM nAma nahIM hai| vaizeSikoM kA paramANuvAda lagatA hai utanA prAcIna nahIM hai aisA kucha logoM kA mata hai| paramANuvAda kA janaka koI bhI kyoM na ho jaina dArzanikoM ne vaijJAnika dRSTi se paramANuvAda kA adhika sUkSma saMzodhana kiyA hai, isa saMbaMdha meM domate nahIM haiM / 63 paramANu kI sUkSmatA vijJAna kA paramANu kitanA sUkSma hai- isakA anumAna isa bAta se lagayA jA sakatA hai ki pacAsa zaMkha paramANuoM kA vajana sirpha DhAI tole ke AsapAsa hotA hai aura unakA vyAsa eka iMca ke dasa kAror3aveM hisse ke barAbara hotA hai| eka lAkha paramANu eka-dUsare ke Upara lagAkara rakhe jAyeM to sigareTa ke paikeTa meM nikalane vAle patale kAgaja athAva pataMga ke kAgaja jitanI moTAI taiyAra hogii| dhUla ke eka choTe se kaNa meM dasa padma se bhI jyAdA dhUlikaNa hote haiN| soDA vATara ko kisI kA~ca ke pyAle meM khAlI karane para jo choTI - choTI bUMdeM taiyAra hotI haiM unameM se eka bUMda ke paramANu ginane ke lie vizva ke

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva tIna araba loga yadi anna-pAnI grahaNa kiye binA tathA vizrAma kiye binA prati minaTa tIna sau bindu ginane kI gati rakheM to bhI choTI sI bUMda ke paramANuoM kI saMpUrNa saMkhyA ginane meM pUre cAra mahIne lgeNge| bAla nikAlate samaya usake mUla meM khUna kI jo sUkSma bUMda hotI hai use aNuvIkSaNa zakti se itanA spaSTa dikhAyA jAya ki usakA vyAsa sAta phuTa dikhAI de to bhI paramANu kA vyAsa 1/ 1000 iMca hI ho skegaa| Adhunika vijJAna meM paramANu vijJAna ke kSetra meM paramANuvAda sUnAna kI dena hai, yaha nirvivAda hai| DemokriTasa duniyA kA pahalA manuSya hai jisane yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki samasta saMgaThana zUnya AkAza aura adRzya ananta tathA avibhAjya paramANuoM kA eka ghaTa hai| dRzya aura adRzya samasta saMgaThana paramANuoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga kA pariNAma hai| DemokriTasa yUnAna kA eka suprasiddha dArzanika thaa| usakA janma 380 I0 pUrva meM huA aura vaha 460 I0 pUrva taka jIvita thaa| paramANuoM ke saMbaMdha meM usake vicAra isa prakAra haiM - (1) vizva meM padArtha ekAkAra vyApaka na hokara vibhakta hai| (2) samasta padArthakaNa Thosa paramANuoM se bane hue haiN| ve paramANu vistRta AkAzAntara para alaga-alaga haiN| pratyeka paramANu eka ghaTaka haiN| paramANu achedya abhedya aura avinAzI hai| (3) paramANu pUrNa hai| ve ThIka vaise hI naye aura tAje haiM jaise pRthvI ke prAraMbha meM the| (4) paramANu - paramANu meM AkAra, laMbAI, caur3AI aura vajana Adi bAtoM meM vividhatA dikhAI detI hai| (5) paramANuoM ke prakAra saMkhyAta haiN| paraMtu pratyeka prakAra ke paramANu anaMta haiN| (6) padArthoM ke guNa paramANuoM ke svabhAva tathA saMvidhAna (yAnI kauna sA paramANu kisa prakAra saMyukta athavA ekatrita huA) para nirbhara karate haiN| (7) paramANu niraMtara gatizIla hote haiN| DemokriTasa se lekara unnIsavIM zatAbdI taka paramANu ke saMbaMdha meM vividha aviSkAra hote rahe aura nae-nae siddhAMta Ate rhe| paraMtu Aja taka paramANu zAstrajJoM kI dRSTi meM achedya abhedya aura sUkSmatama hI hai|6| jaina-sAhitya meM paramANu ke svarUpa aura kArya kA jo sUkSmatama vivecana kiyA gayA hai vaha Aja ke zodhakartA vidyArthiyoM ke lie atyaMta upayogI hai / paramANuoM kA pUrva meM jo lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai ki ve achedya, abhedya aura agrAhya hai, usake sambandha meM Aja ke vijJAna ke vidyArthiyoM ko sandeha hai, kyoMki vijJAna ke sUkSmadarzaka yaMtroM meM paramANu kI avibhAjyatA dikhAI nahIM detI / paramANu agara avibhAjya na ho to use hama paramANu nahIM kaha sakate / jaina-Agama anuyogadvAra meM paramANu ke do bheda batAe gae haiM - (1) sUkSma paramANu aura (2) vyAvahArika paramANu / sUkSma paramANu kA svarUpa pUrva meM batAyA gayA hai / paraMtu vyAvahArika paramANu anaMta sUkSma paramANuoM ke samuccaya se taiyAra hotA hai /

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94 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vastutaH vyAvahArika paramANu svataH paramANu-piNDa hai, phira bhI vaha sAdhAraNa dRSTi se grAhya nahIM hotA aura sAdhAraNa astra-zastra se tor3A nahI jA sakatA / usakI pariNati sUkSma hotI hai, isalie use vyavahAra rUpa se paramANu kahA gayA hai| vijJAna ke paramANu kI tulanA isa vyAvahArika paramANu ke sAtha hotI hai| isI kAraNa paramANu TUTatA hai| isa vijJAnasammata mAnyatA ko jaina-darzana bhI kucha aMza meM svIkAra karatA hai| pudgala ke bIsa guNa : sparza-zIta, uSNa, rUkSa, snigdha, laghu, guru, mRdu aura karkaza / rasa- amla, madhura, kaTu, kaSAya aura tikta / gandha-sugandha aura durgandha / varNa-nIla,rakta, pIta aura zveta / saMsthAna, parimaNDala, vRtta, tryazaM, caturaMza Adi pudgaloM meM hote haiM, paraMtu ve unake guNa nahIM haiM, apitu skandha ke AkArarUpa paryAya haiM / sUkSma paramANu ke dravyarUpa meM niravayava aura avibhAjya hone para bhI paryAya-dRSTi se usake bheda nahIM haiM / usameM varNa,gaMdha,rasa aura sparza ye cAra guNa aura ananta paryAya haiM / eka paramANu meM eka varNa,eka gaMdha,eka rasa,aura do sparza (zIta-uSNa, snigdha-rukSa meM se eka) hote haiN| paryAya kI dRSTi se eka guNa vAlA paramANu ananta guNoM kA hotA hai aura ananta guNoM vAlA paramANu eka guNa kA hotA hai / eka paramANu meM varNa se varNAntara, gandha se gandhAntara, rasa se rasAntara aura sparza se sparzAntara honA jainadRSTi-sammata hai| aNuvAda : patthara, lakar3I jaise Thosa padArtha hamAre cAroM ora haiM, unake vibhAga kie jA sakate haiN| sAtha hI una vibhAgoM ke bhI aura choTe vibhAga kie jA sakate haiN| vibhAjana kI yaha kriyA antataH kahIM na kahIM rUkanI cAhie aura aura Thosa padArthoM ko antima avayava athavA aNa honA cAhie aisA nizcaya hamArI buddhi karatI haiM / isakA eka kAraNa yaha hai ki mAnava-buddhi kI pravatti kucha na kucha acala avikArI DhU~Dha nikAla kara usa para sthira hone kI hai| / eka bAra aNu ko nitya mAna liyA ki usake upasaraNa-apasaraNa se duniyA ke aneka padArtha utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa ho jAte haiN| yahI utpatti buddhi ko samAdhAna dene vAlI lagatI hai kyoMki isa upapatti se 'jo nahIM hai usase kucha bhI nahIM hotA aura jo astittva meM hai, usakA nAza saMbhava nahIM hotA (nAbhAvo vidyate sataH)', yahI buddhi ko saMtuSTa karane vAlI pramA hai|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 1802-1803 ke madhya jaoNna DAlTana ne prAyogika AdhAra para 'jar3a dravya atizaya sUkSma tathA mUlataH vibhakta aNuoM se banA huA hai' isa prakAra kA abhyupagama kiyA, parantu tattvajJAna ke kSetra meM isase dIrghakAla pUrva kevala bauddhika prapaMca karake aNuvAda ko vyakta kiyA gayA thaa| kAraNa yaha ki aNuvAda kA asalI nAtA kucha na kucha avikArI aura nitya tattva khoja nikAlane se hai| yahI buddhi kI sahaja pravRtti hai| prAcIna grIka aura bhAratIya tattvajJAna meM vizva kI racanA ke viSaya meM aNuvAdI upapattiyA~ dikhAI detI haiN| kintu prathama upapatti kauna-sI hai yA donoM meM kisane kisase udhAra liyA hai, isakA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| grIsa kA aNuvAda : I0 pU0 pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM grIsa meM pahale lyusipasa aura bAda meM usake ziSya DemaoNkriTasa (janma I0 pU0 370) ne aNuvAda kA pravartana kiyA (lekina kucha loga lyusipasa kI aitihAsikatA ke viSaya meM zaMkA karate haiN)| isa mata ke anusAra sRSTi ke mUla meM bhare hue aNu aura rikta AkAza ye 'do tattva' haiN| aNu atisUkSma, avibhAjya, adRzya aura avinAzI hote haiN| pratyeka aNu kA svayaM kA vega aura gati hotI hai| unameM guNAtmaka bheda nahIM hotaa| bheda hotA hai, AkAra aura AkRti meN| alaga-alaga AkRtiyoM ke choTe-bar3e aNuoM ke kama-jyAdA saMkhyA meM ekatrita hone se iMdriyoM ko raMga-gaMdha Adi guNa-vaicitrya pratIta hotA hai| paraMtu mUlataH aNu meM vistAra, AkRti, ghanatva jaise kevala prAthamika dharma hI hote haiN| jar3a padArtha ke prAthamika guNadharma aura dvitIya guNadharma yaha jo bheda bAda meM laoNka ne kiyA, usakA bIja yahA~ hai| 'aNu kA vajana hotA hai| yaha DemaoNkriTasa mAnatA thA, aisA eka mata hai| dUsare mata ke anusAra epikyuriana paMtha ke tattvacintakoM ne yaha bAta khii| DemaoNkriTasa kI dRSTi meM vajana bhI aNuoM ke pracaya ke kAraNa niSpanna hone vAlA aura kevala indriyoM ko pratIta hone vAlA guNadharma hai| 'aNu kA vajana hai' ise gRhIta mAnakara vizvotpatti kI prakriyA ko isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai - anaMta avakAza kI rikta jagaha meM aNuoM kA adhaHpatana hote samaya jar3a aNu, vajana ke kAraNa madhya meM Ate haiN| halke aNu una para Tapaka par3ane para ye jar3a aNu kinAre kI tarapha pheMke jAte haiN| isa prakriyA se jo Avarta banate haiM, unameM se khuda ke nakSatra aura grahamAlA. vAle aneka vizva lagAtAra nirmita hote rahate haiN| aNu kA vajana nahIM hai aisA mAna lene para isa varNana meM thoDA antara karanA par3atA hai| AtmA ke bhI aNu hote haiM, aisA isa mata meM kahA gayA hai| I0pU0 caturtha zatAbdI meM udita epikyuriyana paMtha meM, aNuoM kI khuda kI icchAzakti hotI hai aura usase niyata mArga para ve thor3e yahA~-vahA~ sarakate haiM, aisA mata rUr3ha huaa|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jaina aura vaizeSika darzanoM kA aNuvAda - bhArata meM jaina aura vaizeSika darzanoM ne aNuvAda kA pravartana kiyaa| jainoM kI paribhASA meM 'aNu' ke lie 'pudgala' zabda hai| pudgala meM lagAtAra kriyA calatA rahatI hai| grIka tattvajJoM ke aNu ke samAna pudgala nirguNa nahIM haiN| pratyeka meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ye cAroM guNa hote haiN| do paramANuoM ke milana se, eka athavA donoM kI cipakane kI pravRtti ke kAraNa, 'skandha' banatA hai| skandhoM se adhika bar3e skandha banate haiM aura unakI alaga-alaga racanAoM ke kAraNa nae guNoM kI utpatti hotI hai| jaina-mata ke anusAra karmoM ke bhI sUkSma aNu hote haiN| - vaizeSika-mata ke anusAra kevala pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye cAra mUla-dravya hI paramANuoM se ghaTita haiN| una cAroM ke paramANu mUlataH bhinna haiN| pratyeka ke guNa alaga-alaga haiN| udAharaNArtha pRthvI ke aNu meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, saMkhyA, parimANa Adi kula caudaha guNa haiN| jala ke aNu meM gaMdha ke alAvA sneha (cipakane kI pravRtti) isa guNa ke bheda se ve hI caudaha guNa haiN| AtmA yaha aNu na hokara 'vibhu' yAnI sarvavyApI hai| AtmA ko, pUrvajanma ke karma ke anurUpa bhoga mileM isa hetu se aNuoM meM halacala hotI hai| paraMtu unameM gati hotI hai Izvara kI icchA se| isalie vaizeSikoM kA aNuvAda grIka aNuvAda ke samAna jar3avAdI nahIM hai| do aNuoM ke milane se dvayaNuka banatA hai| tIna dvayaNuka ke milane se tryaNuka athavA trasareNu banatA hai| khir3akI meM Ane vAlI dhUpa meM jo bArIka reNu dikhAI detI hai vaha trasareNa hai| inake vividha saMyoga meM se sthala-sRSTi kA prapaMca nirmita hotA hai|01 jaina-darzana ke ahiMsA, syAdvAda, karmamukti Adi AdhyAtmika viSaya jisa prakAra advitIya haiM, usI prakAra bhautika padArtha-vijJAna ke viSaya meM bhI usakI advitIya dena hai| pudgala, aNu, paramANu Adi ke viSaya meM jaina-darzana ke vicAra atyaMta sUkSma aura vizleSaNAtmaka haiN| __jaina-AgamagraMthoM meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina chaha dravyoM kA varNana hai| unameM se 'jIva' dravya kA varNana dvitIya adhyAya meM aura zeSa pA~ca dravyoM kA varNana isa tRtIya adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| ye chaha dravya anAdikAla se itane hI haiM aura anantakAla taka itane hI rheNge| isa prakAra ajIva tattva ke bheda-prabheda ke vivecana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina-darzana eka prAcIna vaijJAnika darzana hai| vijJAna-jagat meM hone vAle bhinna-bhinna AviSkAroM aura aneka vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM kA abhUtapUrva varNana jaina-zAstroM meM kiyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, usameM aisI aneka samasyAoM kA bhI samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai jinakA samAdhAna vaijJAnika dIrghakAla meM bhI nahIM kara ske| udAharaNArtha 'vanaspati meM jIva hai' yaha bAta jaina-darzana dvArA prAcInakAla se hI mAnI jAtI rahI hai| parantu vaijJAnika isa bAta ko mAnane ke lie taba taka

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- k 97 jaina darzana ke nava tattva taiyAra nahIM hue, jaba taka zrI jagadIzacandra bosa ne apane yaMtra dvArA pUrNatayA siddha karake nahIM dikhaayaa| usI prakAra pAnI meM bhI jaMtu (Germs) hote haiM isalie jaina sAdhu ThaMDA pAnI upayoga meM nahIM laate| isa bAta ko vaijJAnikoM ne mAikroskopa (Microscope) dvArA dekhane para mAna liyA / satya bAta to yaha hai ki agara jaina-darzana kA vaijJAnika rUpa se gaharAI meM jAkara adhyayana kiyA jAye to vijJAna - jagat ko apUrva lAbha hogaa| usI ke sAtha vaijJAnikoM kI aneka samasyAe~, jinheM sulajhAne ke lie vaijJAnika dina-rAta prayoga karane meM saMlagna rahate haiM, sulabhatA se sulajhAI jA sakatI haiN| unnIsavIM zatAbdI taka vaijJAnika 'Ithara' ko bhI nahIM mAnate the| bAda meM aneka AviSkAra karake ve gati kA mAdhyama mAnya karane lge| bAda meM AinsTAina ne kahA ki 'Ithara' abhautika, apAramANavika, lokavyApta, adRzya aura akhaNDa dravya hai / kintu sahasroM varSa pahale jaba vijJAna kA bhI udgama nahIM huA thA taba sRSTi ke isa sUkSmatama tattva kA varNana jaina - zAstroM meM kiyA gayA hai| 1 jaina- darzana ne pA~ca dravyoM ke bAre meM spaSTa kahA hai ki dharma gati dene vAlA tattva hai, adharma sthititattva ( rokane vAlA ) hai / AkAza sthAna dene vAlA tattva hai; kAla parivartanazIla hai aura pudgala sparza, gaMdha, rasayukta tathA rUpI (mUrta) dravya hai zeSa samasta dravya amUrta haiN| jIva aura pudgala sakriya haiM, zeSa dravya niSkriya haiN| isa prakAra yaha jaina- darzana kI dravya-vyavasthA aura usameM varNita dravyoM kA sArAMza hai| isakA vistRta vivecana tattvArtharAjavArtika, tattvArthasUtra, tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( svopajJabhASya ) aura jaina AgamoM meM milatA hai 1 1. 2. 4. haribhadrasUri SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 162, pR0 248 yazcaitasmAdviparItAni vizeSaNAni vidyante yasyAsAvetadviparItavAn so'jIvaH sandarbha - samAkhyAtaH / kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya gA0 122, pR0 185 jANAdi passadi savvaM icchadi sukkhaM vibhedi dukhAdo / kuvvadi hidamahidaM vA bhuMjadi jIvo phalaM tesiM / / 122 / / kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya gA0 125, pR0 188 suhadukkhajANaNA yA hidapariyammaM ca ahidabhIrutaM / jassa Na vijjadi NiccaM taM samaNA viMti ajjIvaM / / 125 / / kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya AgAsakAlapuggaladhammAdhammesu nAtthi jIvaguNa / - gA0 124, pR0 187

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jaina-darzana ke nava tanva tesiM acedaNataM bhaNidaM jIvassa cedaNadA / / 124 / / kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 4, pR0 11 jIvA puggalakAyA dhammAdhammA taheva AyAsaM / atthittamhi ya NiyadA aNaNNamaiyA aNumahaMtA / / 4 / / - umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 1, ajIvakAyA dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH / / 1 / / jainAcArya zrInemicaMdra - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 24, pR0 60 saMti jado teNede atthi tti bhaNaMti jiNavarA jhnn| kAyA iva bahudesA tarahA kAyA ya AtthikAyA ya / / 24 / / 8. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika / a0 5, sU0 26 (bhAga 2), pR0 464 sadravyalakSaNam / / 26 / / (ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - a0 5, sUtra 30, pR0 464, (bhAga 2) utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / / 30 / / (kha) zrI bra0 sItalaprasAdajI-paMcAstikAya TIkA - prathama bhAga, zlo0 10, pR0 53 dravyaM sallakSaNakaM utpAdavyayadhruvatvasaMyuktaM / guNaparyAyAzrayaM vA yattad bhaNati sarvajJAH / / 10 / / 10. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 26 11. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-(bhAga 2) a0 5, sUtra30 TIkA, pR0 464 svajAtyaparityAgena bhAvAntarAvAptirutpAda: / / 1 / / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-(bhAga 2) a05, sUtra 30 TIkA, pR0 465 pUrvabhAvavigamo vyayanaM vyaya iti kathyate yathA ghaTotpattau piNDAkRteH / / 2 / / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-(bhAga2) a0 5, sUtra 30 TIkA, pR0 465 TanAdipAriNAmikasvabhAvatvena vyayodayAbhAvAt dhruvati sthirIbhavati iti dhruvaH, dhruvasya bhAvaH karma vA dhrauvyam, yathA piNDaghaTAdyavasthAsu mRdAdyanvayAt / 3 / 14. (ka) muni nathamalajI - jainadarzana : manana aura mImAMsA - pR0 155-156 (kha) kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 7, pR0 18 aNNoNNaM pavisaMtA ditA ogAsamaNNamaNNassa / / melaMtA vi ya NiccaM sagaM sabhAvaM Na vijahaMti / / 7 / / 15. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 37 13.

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva guNaparyAyavad dravyam / 37 / 16. (ka) uttarAdhyayana - a0 36, gA0 7 dhammAdhamme va do'vee logamitA viyAhiyA / logAloge ya AgAse samaya samayakhetie / / (kha) saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) bhAga 1, pR0 435 dhammatthikAe NaM bhaMte! kiM (ke) mahAlae paNNate?, goyamA ! loe loemete loyappamANe loyakuDe loyaM ceva phusitA NaM ciTThai, evaM ahammAtthikAe loyAgAse jIvatthikAya poggalatthikAe paMcavi ekkAbhilAvA / / 122 / / 17. uttarAdhyayana - a0 36, gAtra 8, 9, 12, 13, 14 18. uttarAdhyayana-a0 36, gA0 4 TIkA jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma0 (bhAga4), pR0 688 rUpiNazcaiva arUpiNazca, ajIvA dvividhA bhavanti / 16. DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan - bhAratIya darzana (bhAga 1) - pR0 286 20. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhAga 2) - pR0 661 kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 66, pR0 154 dhammAdhammAgAsA apudhabbhUdA samANaparimANA / pudhaguvaladdhivisesA karaMti egattamaNNataM / / 66 / / 22. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 7, pR0 18 aNNoNNaM pavisaMtA diMtA ogAsamaNNamaNNassa / melaMtA vi ya NiccaM sagaM sabhAvaM Na vijahaMti / / 7 / / 23. anu0 jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma0 ThANAMgasUtra-ThA010, u01, pR0 823 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a0 36, bhA0 8 dhammAdhammAgAsA tinni vi ee aNAiyA / apajjavasiyA ceva savvaddhaM tu viyAhiyA / / 25. DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA - jaina dharma-darzana - pR0 140 26. zrIharibhadrasUri-SaDdarzanasamuccaya-saM0 DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina - pR0 246 pradezAH prakRSTAH dezAH pradezAH nirvibhAgAni khaNDAnItyarthaH / teSAM kAyaH samudAyaH kathyate / TIkA 165 27. nemicaMdra jainAcArya - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 24, pR0 60 28. (ka) nemicaMdrAcAryAsiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - bhA0 25, pR0 62 x

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100 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hoti asaMkhA jIve dhammAdhamme aNaMta AyAse / mutte tiviha padesA kAlassego Na teNa so kAo / / 25 / / (kha) haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya - pR0 248-246 (ga) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 7, 10 asaMkhyeyA : pradezA dharmAdharmayoH / / 7 / / saMkhyeyAsaMkhyeyAzca pudgalAnAm / / 10 / / 29. (ka) hemacandrAcArya - syAdvAdamAMjarI - pR0 288 (kha) jainAcArya zrI nemicandrasiddhAntideva- bRhadravyasaMgraha-gA0 27, pR0 65 haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya - pR0 248 tatra dharmolokavyApI nityo'vasthitorUpI dravyamastikAyo'saMkhyapradezogatyupagrahakArI ca bhavati / 31. (ka) haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya - pR0 250 evamadharmopi lokavyApitAdisakalavizeSaNaviziSTo dharmavannivizeSa mantavyaH, navaraM sthityupagrahakArI svata eva sthitipariNatAnAM jIvapudgalAnAM sthitiviSaye apekSAkAraNaM vaktavyaH / (kha) jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma0 uttarAdhyayanasUtra-a028, gA06, pR0 148 gatilakSaNastu dharmaH adharmaH sthAnalakSaNa: / bhAjanaM sarvadravyANAM, nabhaH avagAhalakSaNam / / 6 / / 32. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 18, pR0 46 ThANajudANa adhammo puggalajIvANa ThANasahayArI / chAyA jaha pahiyANaM gacchaMtA va so dharaI / / 18 / / 33. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 86, pR0 143 jaha havadi dhammadavvaM taha ta jANeha davamadhamakkhaM / Thidikiri yAjutANaM kAraNabhUdaM tu puDhavIva / / 86 / / 34. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 85, pR0 142 amRtacandrAcArya TIkA udakaM yathA macchANAM gamanAnugrahakaraM bhavati loke / / tathA jIvapudgalAnAM dharme dravyaM vijAnIhi / / 65 / / 35. muni nathamala - jaina-darzana : manana aura mImAMsA -pR0 160-162 What is Ether? 36. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 88, pR0 147

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101 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Na ya gacchadi dhammatthI gamaNaM Na karedi aNNadaviyassa / havadi gatI sappasaro jIvANaM puggalANaM ca / / 88 / / 37. sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasI - jaina dharma sAra - pR0 126 38. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 86, pR0 148 bijjadi jesiM gamaNaM ThANaM puNa tesimeva saMbhavadi / te sagapariNAmehiM du gamaNaM ThANaM ca kuvvaMti / / 86 / / 39. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 88 se 65, pR0 146-153 40. (ka) saM0 pupphabhikkhU-arthAgama (hiMdI) dUsarA khaNDa-bhagavatIsUtra za0 a0 13, u0 4, pR0 660 (kha) jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma-TIkA-bhagavatIsUtra-bhAga 10, pR0 607-614 : 41. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 3 nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi / 3 / 42. (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 6 niSkriyANi ca / / 6 / / (kha) kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 68, pR0 156 jIvA puggalakAyA saha sakkiriyA havaMti Na ya sesA / puggalakaraNA jIvA khaMdhA khalu kAlakaraNA du / / 68 / / ___43. saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe) - bhAga 1, a0 4, u0 4, pR0 247 cauhi ThANehiM jIvA ya poggalA ya No saMcAenti bahiyA logaMtAgamaNayAe taM jahA-gaiabhAveNaM niruvaggahayAe lukkhattAe logANubhAveNaM / / 428 / / 44. jainAcArya nemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 16, pR0 50 avagAsadANajoggaM jIvAdINaM viyANa AyAsaM / jeNhaM logAgAsaM allogAgAsamidi duvihaM / / 16 / / 45. (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 18 AkAzasyAvagAha / / 18 / / (kha) kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 60, pR0 146 savvesiM jIvANaM sesANaM taha ya puggalANaM ca / jaM dedi vivaramakhilaM taM loe havadi AyAsaM / / 60 / / 46. (ka) kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 61, pR0 150 (kha) jainAcArya nemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 20, pR0 51 ... . ... ...... .. . . . i prapturemarat

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102 (ga) uttarAdhyayana a0 36, gA0 2 47. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 3, 4, 5, 6 nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi / / 3 / / - jaina darzana ke nava tattva rUpiNa: pudgalA / / 4 / / AkAzAdekadravyANi / / 5 / / niSkriyANi ca / / 6 / / 48. umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra ( anu0 paM0 sukhalAlajI) pR0 166-167 46. (ka) jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma0 TIkA bhagavatIsUtra (bhAga 10) - za0 13, u0 4, pR0 607-614 (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a0 36, bhA0 2 50. sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasI - jainadharmasAra - pR0 126 cetanarahitamamUrtamavagAhanalakSaNaM ca sarvagatam - - lokAlokadvibhedaM, tannabhodravyaM jinoddiSTam / / 51. devendramuni zAstrI jaina darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa pR0 138 - 147 52. zrIjinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza (bhAga 1) - pR0 232-233 53. zrIjinendra varNI - jainendra siddhAntaM koza (bhAga 1) - pR0 232-234 54. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 27, pR0 65 jAvadiyaM AyAsaM avibhAgIpuggalANuuTUTTaddhaM / taM khu padesaM jANe savvANuTThAMdANarihaM / / 27 / / 55. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya gA0 23, pR0 48 sabhAvasabhAvANaM jIvANaM taha ya poggalANaM ca / pariyaTTaNasaMbhUdo kAlo niyameNa paNNatto / / 23 / / 56. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya gA0 24, pR0 50 vavagadapaNavaNNaraso bavagadadogaMdha aTThaphAso ya / agurulahugo amuto vaTTaNalakkhA ya kAloti / / 24 / / 57. kundakundAcArya - kundakunda - bhAratI (niyamasAra) jIvAdIdavvANaM parivaTTaNakAraNaM have kAlo / dhammAdicauNNANaM sahAvaguNapajjayA hoMti / / 33 / / 58. DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan - bhAratIya darzana ( bhAga 1 ) - pR0 260-261 56. bhagavadgItA a0 11, zlo0 32 - - - gA0 33, pR0 203

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103 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kAlo'smi lokakSayakRtpravRddho lokAnsamAhartumiha pravRttaH / Rte'pi tvAM na bhaviSyanti sarve ye'vasthitAH pratyanIkeSu yodhAH / / 32 / / 60. kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya - syAdvAdamaMjarI (hiMdI anu0-DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jaina) - pR0 263-264 61. (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 22 vartanA pariNAma-kriyA paratvAparatve vA kAlasya / / 22 / / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a0 28, gA0 10 vattaNAlakkhaNo kAlo / 62. mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha - pR0 155 63. (ka) devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR0 153 (kha) muni nathamala - jainadarzana : manana aura mImAMsA - pR0 166 64. gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela - kundakundAcAryAce ratnatraya - pR0 11 65. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 21, pR0 52 davvaparivaTTarUvo jo so kAlo havei vavahAro / pariNAmAdIlakkho vaTTaNalakkho ca para8o / / 21 / / . 66. (ka) kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya - syAdvAdamaMjarI - pR0 263-265 (kha) jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha-gA0 26, pR0 55 loyAyAsapadese ikkikke je ThiyA hu ikkikkA / rayaNANaM rAsI iva te kAlANu asaMkhadavvANi / / 22 / / 67. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya * gA0 24, pR0 50 / 68. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 21, pR0 52 66. (ka) anuvAda marAThI - narendra bhisIkara - niyamasAra, gA0 31, pR0 23 (kha) kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 25, pR0 52 70. bra0 sItalaprasAdajI-paMcAstikAya TIkA (prathama bhAga), gA0 101, pR0 118 kAlotti ya vavaeso sambhAvaparUvao havadi Nicco / uppaNNappadvaMsI avaro dIhaMtaraTThAI / / 101 / / 71. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya(TIkA * amRtacandrAcArya) - zlo0 25, pR0 52 samayo nimiSaH kASTA kalA ca nAlo tato divArAnaM mAsarvayanasaMvatsaramiti kAlaH parAyataH / / 25 / / 72. kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya - syAdvAdamaMjarI - pR0 264-265

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104 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 73. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - pR0 53-55 74. saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) bhAga 1-pR0 574, za0 6, u0 10 jIve NaM bhaMte! kiM poggalI poggale ? goyamA ! jIve poggalIvi poggalevi / / 360 / / 75. devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR0 157-158 (ka) pUraNAt pud galayatIti galaH - zabdakalpadrumakoza (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhAga 2) - a-5, su0 1, pR0 434 pUraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudgalAH / / 24 / / (ga) pUraNAd galanAcca pudgalAH tattvArthavRtti 5/1 (gha) pUraNAd galanAd iti pudgalAH - nyAyakoza, pR0 502 (cha) chavvihaMsaTANaM bahuvahi dehehi pUraditi galaditi poggalA ' 76. (ka) harivaMzapurANa - 7/36 varNagandharasasparzaH - pUraNaM galanaM ca yat / (kha) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 23 sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH / (ga) mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha (Arhata-darzanam) - pR0 153 pUrayanti galantIti pudgalAH / 77. kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra - a- 2, gA0 40, pR0 168 varNarasagandhasparzAH vidyante pudgalasya sUkSmatvAt / pRthivIparyaMtasya ca zabdaH sa pudgalazcitraH / / 40 / / 78. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika (bhAga 2)-a0 5, sU0 25, pR0 461 aNavaH skandhAzca / 76. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a0 36, gA0 11 egateNa puhateNa khandhA va paramANuNo / leegadese loe ya bhaiyavvA te u khetao / / itto kAlavibhAgaM tu tesiM vucchaM cauvvihaM / / 50. saM0 puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhAga 1, za 5, u0 7, pR0 484 jahanneNaM egaM samayaM, ukkoNaM aNaMtaM kAlaM / 81. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a0 5, sU0 25 aNavaH skaMdhAzca /

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105 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 82. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a0 5, sU0 36, pR0 701 dvayAdhikAdiguNAnAM tu / / 36 / / 8.3. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 16, pR0 45 sado baMdho suhumo thulo saMThANa bheda tama chAyA / ujjodAdavasahiyA puggaladavvassa pajjAyA / / 16 / / 84. pUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi - a0 5, sU- 24, pR0 171 tamo dRSTipratibandhakAraNaM prakAzavirodhI / 85. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a0 5, sU0 1, pR0 434 pUraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudgalAH / / 86. saM0 puSphabhikkhU-suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhAga 1, za0 5, u0 7, pR0 483 87. saM0 pupphabhikkhU - arthAgama (bhagavatIsUtra) - khaNDa dvitIya, za0 1, u0 10, pR0 661 88. kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA0 77, 78, 80, 81, pR0 131-138 86. AcAryapravara zrIAnaMda RSi abhinandana graMtha - saM0 zrIcanda surAnA "sarasa" (zrI puSkara munijI - jainadarzana meM ajIva tattva) - pR0 243 kAraNameva tadantyasUkSmo nityazca bhavati paramANuH / 10. saM0 zobhAcaMdra bhArilla - marudharakesarI munizrImizrImalajI mahArAja abhinaMdanagraMtha - pR0 210-211 (paM0 ajitakumAra zAstrI - jainasiddhAnta meM kAryakAraNa vyavasthA) 61. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA0 23, pR0 56 evaM chabbheyamidaM jIvAjIvavva-bhedado dav / uttaM kAlavijutaM NAdavvA paMca atthikAyA du / / 23 / / 62. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a0 28, gA0 7 dhammo ahammo AgAsaM kAlo puggala-jantavo / esa logo ti pannatto jiNehiM varadaMsihiM / / 7 / / 63. (ka) devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR0 163-165 phuTanoTa darzanazAstra kA itihAsa - pR0 126 (kha) AcAryapravara zrIAnaMda RSi abhinaMdanagraMtha - saM0 zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa' pR0 240-244 (puSkaramunijI - jaina darzana meM ajIva tattva)

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106 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 64. munizrI nagarAjajI - jainadarzana aura Adhunika vijJAna - pR0 47 65. munizrI nagarAjajI - jainadarzana aura Adhunika vijJAna - pR0 46-47 66. munizrI nagarAjajI - jainadarzana aura Adhunika vijJAna - pR0 46-47 17. saM0 pupphabhikkhU-suttAgame (anuyogadvAra-pramANadvAra)-bhAga-2,pR0 1124-1125 paramANU duvihe paNNatte / taMjahA - suhume ya vavahAriya ya / 68. saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (anuyogadvAra-pramANadvAra) - bhAga 2, pR0 1125 aNaMtANatANaM suhumapoggalANaM samudayasamiisamAgameNaM vavahArie paramANuyoggale niphajjai / 66. saM0 pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame bhAga 1 (bhagavaI) - sa0 25, u0 3, pR0 858 bhAga 1 (bhagavaI) 100. saM0 puSphabhikkhU-suttAgame (ThANe)-bhAga 1, a04, u01, pR0227 cauvihe poggalapariNAme, vaNNapariNAme gaMdhapariNAme rasapariNAme phAsapariNAme / / 328 / / 101. saM0 devidAsa dattAtreya vADekara-marAThI tattvajJAna-mahAkoza-prathama khaNDa,pu02-3 saMdarbhagraMtha * thilI, esa : e hisTrI oNpha philaoNsaphI (nyUyaoNrka, 1914; sudhA0 A0 3, saMpAdaka - el0 vuDa, 1951); dAsagupta, esa0; e hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana philaoNsaphI, khaM0 1 (keMbrija. 1922) zrI ha0 dIkSita

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caturtha adhyAya puNyatattva aura pApatattva [Virtue & Sin] jaina- darzana ke nava tattvoM meM se jIva aura ajIva ina tattvoM kA vivecana dvitIya evaM tRtIya adhyAyoM meM kiyA gyaa| tIsare puNya tattva kA aura cauthe pApa tattva kA vivecana caturtha adhyAya meM kiyA jAyegA / bhAratIya saMskRti ke samasta vicArakoM ne puNya-pApa ke saMbaMdha meM khUba likhA hai| mImAMsA darzana ne puNya-sAdhanA para bahuta jora diyA hai| mImAMsA darzana ke anusAra puNya ke dvArA sukha prApta karanA aura usakA upabhoga karanA hI jIvana kA dhyeya batAyA gayA hai| parantu jaina- darzana meM puNya ko itanA mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai / jisa vyakti ko AtmasvarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna nahIM hai, jo vyakti dharma kA svarUpa nahIM jAnatA, vahI puNya ko adhika mahattva detA hai tathA puNya hI sAdhana hai, puNya hI saba kucha hai aisA kahatA hai / parantu jaina darzana kA mata hai ki puNya saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAne vAlA hai / vaha AtmA ko saMsAra se bA~dhane vAlA hai, mukta karane vAlA nahIM hai| jaise pApa baMdhana hai, vaise hI puNya bhI baMdhana hai / parantu puNya- pApa meM pharka itanA hI hai ki pApa lohe kI ber3I hai to puNya sone kI ber3I hai / lohe kI ber3I kAlI hone se acchI dikhAI nahIM detI jabaki sone kI ber3I camakadAra hone se suMdara dikhAI detI hai / parantu sone kI ber3I camakadAra hone para bhI baMdhanakAraka hI hotI hai| vaha bhI vyakti ko bA~dhakara rakhatI hai| 1 sone kI ber3I tathA lohe kI ber3I donoM hI AtmA kI parataMtratA kA kAraNa haiM / kintu iSTa phala aura aniSTa phala ke bheda se puNya aura pApa meM bheda hai 1 jo iSTa gati, jAti, zarIra, indriya Adi viSayoM ke hetu haiM, ve puNya haiN| aura jo aniSTa gati, jAti, zarIra, indriya Adi ke kAraNa haiM, ve pApa haiN| zubha yoga se puNya kA Asava aura azubha yoga se pApa kA Asrava hotA hai / ' talavAra ke sone kI banI huI hone se usameM koI antara nahIM AtA / vaha sone kI hone para bhI prANanAzaka hI hotI hai| isalie pAramArthika dRSTi se puNya suzIla na hokara kuzIla hai, upAdeya ( grAhya) na hokara heya ( tyAjya ) hai / puNya ko Aja kI bhASA meM prathama zreNI kA kArAvAsa aura pApa ko kaThora kArAvAsa kahA jA sakatA hai| mokSaprApti kI dRSTi se donoM hI tyAjya haiN| puNya-pApa ke lie sone kI ber3I aura lohe kI ber3I kA dRSTAnta paMcAstikAya meM bhI diyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra lohe kI ber3I manuSya ko baddha karatI

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108 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hai, usI prakAra sone kI ber3I bhI karatI hai| isa prakAra kiyA huA zubha yA azubha karma jIva ko puNya yA pApa karma se bA~dhatA hai| mokSa kA vAstavika kAraNa zuddhopayoga hai| use jo vyakti nahIM jAnatA, vaha ajJAnavaza puNya ko mokSa kA kAraNa samajhakara puNya kI icchA rakhatA hai| vastutaH vaha saMsAra-bhramaNa kA kAraNa __baMdhana sone kA ho yA lohe kA, vaha antataH duHkha denevAlA hI hotA hai| ati mUlyavAn lakar3I ke prahAra se bhI vedanA hI hotI hai| isalie jaina-dharma kA kahanA hai ki adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA uddezya puNya nahIM hai aura puNya-prApti ke lie kI gaI sAdhanA AtmasAdhanA nahIM hai| mokSaprApti ke lie to puNya aura pApa donoM hI tyAjya haiN| vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa se pApa se puNya zreSTa hai| kyoMki pApa ke kAraNa naraka- prApti Adi tIvra vedanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| duniyA meM nindA, apayaza aura kaSTa sahana karane par3ate haiN| paraMtu puNya ke kAraNa svargIya aura ramaNIya sukha kI upalabdhi hotI hai| isa duniyA meM yaza Adi bhI milatA hai| jisa prakAra vizrAma ke lie tIvra dhUpa meM baiThane kI apekSA vRkSa kI zItala chAyA meM baiThanA adhika zreyaskara tathA sukhadAyI hotA hai, usI prakAra jIvana meM pApa kI apekSA puNya kA Azraya lenA adhika zreyaskara hai| puNya jahAja ke samAna hai| jaba taka hamAre sAmane saMsArarUpI nadI yA sAgara hai, taba taka puNyarUpI jahAja kI jarUrata hai| saMsArarUpI nadI ko pAra kara lene para puNya ko chor3anA par3atA hai|' puNya-pApa kI vyAkhyAe~ jo AtmA ko prasanna karatA hai, vaha puNya hai athavA jisake dvArA AtmA sukha-zAMti kA anubhava karatA hai, vaha sadvedanIya Adi puNya hai (jisake udaya se deva Adi cAra gatiyoM meM zArIrika aura mAnasika sukha prApta hotA hai, use sat-vedanIya kahate haiN)| puNya ke viparIta pApa hai jo AtmA meM zubha pariNAma nahIM hone detaa| vaha asat devanIya Adi pApa hai (jisake udaya se naraka Adi gatiyoM meM aneka prakAra ke duHkha prApta hote hai, use asat-vedanIya kahate haiN)| jo pudgalakarma zubha hai vaha puNya aura jo pudgalakarma azubha hai vaha pApa hai, aisA sarvajJoM ne kahA hai| jo zubha pravRtti AtmA ko sukha detI hai, vaha puNya hai aura jo azubha pravRtti AtmA ko duHkha detI hai, vaha pApa hai| pApI vikAra manuSya kI unnati meM bAdhaka hote haiN| pApa manuSya ko sanmArga para nahIM jAne detA tathA manuSya kA vikAsa nahIM hone detaa| manuSya ko pApa se athavA duSkarma se hamezA dUra rahanA caahie| sacamuca pApa kA mArga aMdhakAra se bharA huA hai|

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109 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kundakundAcArya jI ne paMcAstikAya meM kahA hai ki jIva ke azubha pariNAma ke nimitta se pudgalavargaNA meM azubha karmarUpa pariNati hotI rahatI hai, vahI pApa hai| ___ jo azubha pariNAma jIva ko duHkha dete haiM, ve pApa haiN| jo AtmA ko zubha karma nahIM karane detA, vaha pApa hai udAharaNArtha asatvedanIya aadi| aniSTa padAthoM kI prApti jisake kAraNa hotI hai aise karma ko pApa kahate haiN| - jo puNya kA zoSaNa karatA hai aura jIvarUpI vastra ko malina karatA hai, vaha pApa hai|" jo zubha kArya dvArA AtmA ko pAvana karatA hai, vaha puNya hai aura jo azubha kArya dvArA AtmA kA patana karatA hai, vaha pApa hai|2 jo prakaTa hai vaha puNya hai aura jo gupta hai vaha pApa hai| jo kRtya apracchannatA (prakaTa rUpa) se kiyA jAtA hai, vaha kRtya puNya hai, isake viparIta jo kRtya pracchannatA (gupta rUpa yA aprakaTa rUpa) se kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pApa hai|3 paripUrNAnanda varmA ne puNya-pApa ke bAre meM kahA hai - satya bolanA, corI na karanA, dUsare kA dhana na har3apanA, hatyA na karAnA, mAtA-pitA ko sammAna denA, parastrI - gamana na karanA ye sabhI bAteM puNya, sadAcAra tathA naitikatA samajhI jAtI haiN| paraMtu vyahAra meM aisA dikhAI nahIM detaa| aparAdha aura pApa kI vyAkhyA itanI bar3I hai ki koI kaha nahIM sakatA ki usane hamezA dharma, samAja, naitikatA aura nyAya se hI kAma kiyA hai yA nhiiN| jo acchA hai vaha acchA hI hai aura jo burA hai, vaha burA hI hai| ina donoM ke Adi, madhya aura aMta ke viSaya meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| phira bhI use apane kiye hue karma kA phala Aja nahIM to kala jarUra milanA hai| he mAnava! agara mokSa yA svargAdi sukha prApta karane kI terI icchA hai to puNya kr| usake binA koI bhI sukha tujhe prApta nahIM ho sktaa| niSiddha karma ke anuSThAna arthAt - vihita karma ke tyAga se pApa kI utpatti hotI hai| 16.17 apane doSoM ko chupAnA aura dUsare ke doSoM ko dikhAnA hI pApa hai| pUrvakRta pApa-puNya puNya kA phala acchA aura pApa kA phala burA hotA hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| puNya kA phala bhoganA sukhada hotA hai aura pApa kA phala bhoganA duHkhada hotA hai| puNya se AdamI sakhI hotA hai aura pApa se daHkhI hotA hai| phira bhI duniyA meM aneka jagaha isake viruddha bAteM dikhAI detI haiN| jo puNya karma karate haiM, apane jIvana meM satkArya aura dharmAcaraNa karate haiM,ve duHkhI dikhAI dete haiN| aura jo rAta-dina pApakAyoM meM magna rahate haiM hiMsAcAra, asatya-bhASaNa corI Adi karate rahate haiM, aise pApa-karma karane vAle loga sukhI dikhAI dete haiN| phira yahA~ puNya kA phala acchA aura pApa kA phala burA kyoM nahIM dikhAyI detA ?

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110 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva isakA uttara jJAnI puruSa isa prakAra dete haiM ki puNyavAna duHkhI aura pApI loga sukhI aisA jo dikhAI detA hai, yaha unake vartamAna puNya kA phala nahIM hai varan unake dvArA kiye gaye pUrva janma ke pApa aura puNya kA phala hai| vartamAna meM jo puNyavAn aura pApI loga, puNya aura pApa kA upArjana karate haiM usakA phala unheM bhaviSya meM avazya milegA, mile binA nahIM raha sktaa| kisAna jaba phasala kATatA hai, vaha kaTAI usake prathamataH boye gaye bIjoM kI hotI hai| vartamAna meM boyI gayI phasala to kisAna bhaviSya meM pakane para hI kATegA / isI prakAra vartamAna meM puNyavAna manuSya ne bhUtakAla meM jo pApa kA bIja boyA thA, usakA phala use vartamAna meM duHkharUpa meM milatA hai| parantu sAdhAraNa loga puNyavAna ko duHkhI aura pApI logoM ko sukhI dekhakara puNyopArjana ke viSaya meM udAsIna hote hai| aise logoM ko kevala vartamAna para hI dRSTi nahIM rakhanI caahie| isIlie kahA gayA hai - 'vartamAnadRSTiparo hi nAstikaH' jo puNya-pApa kI bhUtakAlIna karanI kA vicAra na karate hue kevala vartamAna ke phala para hI dRSTi rakhatA hai, vaha nAstika hai|*. __ zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne 'karma-baMdha kA kAraNa saMsAra hai ' aisA kahA hai|20 __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai - 'isa duniyA kA pratyeka prANI svayaMkRta karma se hI saMsAra-bhramaNa karatA hai| phala bhoge binA saMcita karma se chuTakArA nahIM miltaa|21 __ bhagavAna mahAvIra Age kahate haiM ki acche (suciNNa) karma kA phala zubha hotA hai aura bure (duciNNa) karma kA phala azubha hotA hai| arthAt prazasta bhAva se kie gaye dAna Adi sat kamoM kA phala zubha hotA hai aura kutsita bhAva se kie gaye kArya kA phala azubha hotA hai| zubha AcaraNa se puNya kA baMdha hotA hai| usakA phala sukharUpa hotA hai| azubha AcaraNa se pApa kA baMdha hotA hai| usakA phala duHkharUpa hotA hai| jisa prakAra sadAcAra saphala hotA hai, usI prakAra durAcAra bhI saphala hotA hai|22 ___jisa prakAra puNya kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai, usI prakAra pApa kA bhI phala bhoganA par3atA hai| jisa prakAra pApI cora svayaM ke dvArA kI gaI seMdha meM pakar3A jAkara apane hI duSkRtya se duHkhI hotA hai, usI prakAra ihaloka aura paraloka meM pApa-karma ke kAraNa jIva ko duHkha prApta hotA hai, kyoMki phala bhoge binA kRtakarma se mukti nahIM miltii|3 samasta prANI svakRta karma se aura avyakta duHkha se duHkhI haiN| janma, jarA vArdhakya aura mRtyu se pIr3ita, bhayAkula, zaTha jIva, bAra-bAra saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate

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111 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jIva pUrvakRta karma se hI phala bhogatA hai| jo jIva duHkhI haiM, ve apane dvArA kiye gaye duSkRtyoM se duHkhI hote haiN| jaise duSkRtya hote haiM, vaise hI unake pariNAma hote haiN|25 jIva jaba duSkRtya karatA hai taba pApa-karma kA baMdha hotA hai, aura jaba pApa-karma kA baMdha hotA hai, taba duHkha utpanna hotA hai| usameM karma-pudgala kA doSa nahIM hotA varan duSTa AtmA kA doSa hotA hai| AtmA svayaM apane sukha-duHkha ko utpanna karatA hai| pApa kA AcaraNa karane vAlA AtmA naraka kI vaitaraNI nadI hai kyoMki pApa naraka kA hetu hai| isalie aisA AtmA yAtanAoM kA hetu hone ke kAraNa naraka meM vidyamAna kUTazAlmalI vRkSa ke samAna hai| isI prakAra puNya karane vAlA AtmA svayaM hI iSTa svarga aura apavarga kA sukha arthAt mokSa dene vAlA hone se kAmadhenu hai, aura cittAhalAdaka hone se nandanavana ke samAna hai| AtmA svayaM hI svayaM kA mitra aura zatru hai arthAt AtmA hI kartA aura bhoktA hai|6|| isa prakAra sukha-duHkha dene vAlA dUsarA koI nahIM apitu svayaM kA AtmA hI hai| usakA nivAraNa karane vAlA bhI AtmA hI hai| jaba AtmA durAcaraNa meM phaMsatA hai, taba vaha usakA zatru banatA hai aura jaba AtmA sadAcaraNa karatA hai, taba vaha usakA mitra hotA hai| jo duHkha svayaMkRta hai, usake Ane para duHkhI nahIM honA caahie| isa duHkha se mukta hone kA mArga duHkha, zoka yA saMtApa nahIM hai| apitu aisA vicAra karanA cAhie ki maiMne jo kucha kiyA, yaha usI kA phala hai| maiMne agara aisA karma nahIM kiyA hotA to mujhe duHkha prApta nahIM hotaa| yadi maiMne Aja duSkRtya nahIM kiyA, to bhaviSya meM mujhe duHkha nahIM milegaa| kRtakarma kA AtmA dvArA bhoga kiye jAne para hI usakI karma se mukti hotI hai athavA tapa dvArA usakA kSaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka manuSya ko yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki maiM hI duHkhI nahIM huuN| saMsAra meM rahane vAle samasta prANI duHkhI haiN| duHkha utpanna hone para krodhAdi se rahita hokara use samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kareM, duHkhI na hoN| jo manuSya duHkha utpanna hone para zokavihala hotA hai, aura moha se grasta hokara kAmabhoga kI lAlasA se pApa karatA hai, vaha atIva duHkha kA saMcaya karatA hai| isake viparIta jo samabhAva se duHkha sahana karatA hai zokavihala nahIM hotA vaha karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai aura duHkha se dUra rahakara sukha kA saMcaya karatA hai| dravyapuNya tathA bhAvapuNya / zubha karma se puNya hotA hai - puNya ke do bheda haiN| dravyapuNya aura bhaavpunny| AcArya kundakunda ne paMcAstikAya meM kahA hai ki jisameM moha, rAga evaM dveSa hote haiM, use azubha pariNAma bhogane par3ate haiN| jisakA citta nirmala hai use zubha parimANa kI prApti hotI hai| jIva ke zubha pariNAma puNya haiM aura azubha pariNAma

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112 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pApa haiN| zubha aura azubha pariNAma se jIva kI jina karma-vargaNAoM (karma ke pudgala-skandhoM yAnI karmasamUhoM ) kA grahaNa hotA hai, ve kramazaH dravyapuNya haiN| jIva ke zubha pariNAma bhAvapuNya haiN| zubha pariNAma se pudgala ke jo karmavargaNArUpa zubha pudgala Atma-pradeza meM praveza kara usake sAtha ba~dha jAte haiN| ve dravya puNya haiN| bhAvapuNya ke nimitta se utpanna hone vAle saveMdanIya Adi zubhaprakRtirUpa pudgala-paramANuoM kA piNDa dravyapuNya hai| __dAna, pUjA, SaDAvazyaka Adi rUpa jIva ke zubha pariNAma bhAvapuNya haiN| dUsare ke lie zubha bhAvanA kA ciMtana karanA bhI bhAvapuNya hai|30 iSTa padArtha kI prApti jisa kAraNa se hotI hai, vaha dravyapuNya hai| puNya ke anya do bheda : (1) puNyAnubaMdhI puNya evaM (2) pApAnubaMdhI puNya jo puNya, puNya kI paramparA ko janma detA hai arthAt jisa puNya ko bhogate samaya puNya kA baMdha hotA hai, vaha puNyAnubaMdhI puNya hai| udAharaNArtha pUrvajanma ke puNya se saba prakAra ke sukhasAdhana prApta hue| yadi vaha moha ke kAraNa unase matta na hokara Atmahita ke uddezya se mukti kI abhilASA karatA hai aura pUrvajanma ke puNya kA upabhoga kara nae puNya kA baMdha karatA hai to vaha puNyAnubaMdhI puNya hai| jo puNya naye pApa ke baMdha kA kAraNa banatA hai vaha pApAnubaMdhI puNya hai| arthAt pUrvajanma ke puNya ke kAraNa saba sukhopabhoga ke sAdhana upalabdha haiM tathApi moha kI prabalatA ke kAraNa asadAcArI banakara pApa karanA - pApabandha kA kAraNa hone se pApAnubaMdhI puNya hai| puNyAnubaMdhI puNya kI upamA patha-pradarzaka se dI jA sakatI hai| yaha puNya patha-pradarzaka ke samAna mokSa kA mArga dikhAtA rahatA hai| pApAnubaMdhI puNya kI upamA cora se dI jA sakatI hai| jisa prakAra cora saMpatti lUTakara logoM ko bhikhArI banAtA hai, usI prakAra pApanubaMdhI puNya bhI jIva ko bhikhArI ke samAna banAtA hai| vaha puNya kI sArI saMpatti lUTa letA hai| isa dRSTi se puNya ko upAdeya aura pApa ko heya mAnA gayA hai| __ jIva ke dayA, dAna Adi rUpa zubha pariNAma ko puNya kahA gayA hai| sAmAnya logoM ko puNya AkarSaka lagatA hai, parantu jJAnI logoM ko puNya pApa ke samAna hI baMdhanarUpa lagatA hai| vastutaH puNya, pApa ke samAna aniSTa nahIM hai, aisA jJAnI bhI kahate haiN| isIlie ve eka sImA taka puNya-pravRtti kA AcaraNa karate rahate haiN| unakA yaha puNya puNyAnubaMdhI puNya hai aura mokSa kA kAraNa hai| sAmAnya logoM ke lie pApa se puNya jyAdA acchA hai parantu unakA puNya tRSNAyukta hone se pApAnubaMdhI hotA hai, vaha saMsAra meM Dubone vAlA hotA hai| isa prakArake puNya kA tyAga asatya Avazyaka hai| samyakdRSTi kA puNya puNyAnubandhI puNya hai aura mithyAdRSTi kA puNya pApAnubaMdhI puNya hai| samyakdRSTi kA puNya tIrthakara-pravRtti Adi ke baMdha ke kAraNa viziSTa prakAra kA hai aura mithyAdRSTi kA

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113 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva puNya nidAnasahita (amuka phala prApta ho aisI icchA se yukta) aura bhogarUpa hone se kugati kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra ke puNya kA tyAga karanA paramArtha ke lie zreyaskara hai|32 puNya ke nau bheda jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai, jisake kAraNa jIva ko icchAnukUla sukha-upabhoga prApta hote haiM, yaza-kIrti milatI hai, use puNya kahate haiN| aisA puNya zubha bhAvanA ke kAraNa prApta hotA hai dIna-duHkhiyoM para dayA karanA, unakI sevA-zuzrUSA karanA, guNI logoM para pramoda bhAva rakhanA, paropakAra karanA Adi aneka prakAra se puNya-sampAdana kiyA jAtA hai| jainAgama meM puNya nau prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| jo isa prakAra haiM - (1) annapuNya (4) layanapuNya (7) vacanapuNya (2) pAnapuNya (5) zayanapuNya (8) kAyapuNya (3) vastrapuNya (6) manapuNya (6) namaskArapuNya33 (1) annapuNya - bhUkhoM dukhiyoM yA jinheM atIva AvazyakatA hai aise vyaktiyoM ko bhAvapUrvaka anna dene se jo puNya hotA hai, vaha annapuNya hai| (2) pAnapuNya - pyAsoM ko bhAvapUrvaka pAnI denA pAnapuNya hai| (3) vastrapuNya - jo vastrarahita hai, ThaNDa se kA~pa rahA hai, aise vyakti ko vastra denA vastrapuNya hai| (4) layanapuNya - AzrayahIna yAnI beghara logoM ko Azraya denA layanapuNya hai| (5) zayanapuNya - jinheM AvazyakatA hai aise janoM ko nidrA ke lie sAdhana denA zayanapuNya hai| (6) manapuNya - mana se dUsaroM ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA rakhanA aura saMpUrNa vizva kA kalyANa ho aisI icchA krnaa| dAna, zIla, tapa se prApta hone vAlA puNya manapuNya hai| (7) vacanapuNya - vacanoM dvArA acche AzIrvAda denA, kisI kA bhalA karanA, madhura aura satya vacana bolanA, guNI janoM kI prazaMsA karanA tathA vacana se dUsare ko sAMtvanA denA vacanapuNya hai| (8) kAyapuNya - zarIra aura zarIra se sambandhita jitanI vidyAe~ haiM, dhana tathA anya sukhasAdhana kI vastue~ athavA indriya, buddhi Adi jo zarIra ke aMgopAMga haiM, unakA dUsaroM ke kalyANa ke lie aura duHkha ko dUra karane ke lie upayoga karanA - kAyapuNya hai| (6) namaskArapuNya - vidyA, buddhi, vaya, cAritrya Adi meM jo bar3e haiM unake samakSa namra honA, unheM namaskAra karanA aura unake upakAra ke lie kRtajJa honA, namaskArapuNya hai| sAtha hI unakI sevA-bhakti karanA tathA vinayazIla vyavahAra karanA bhI namaskArapuNya hai|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva abhayadevakRta sthAnAMgaTIkA meM nau prakAra ke puNya batAye gaye haiN| unhoMne mana, vacana aura kAyA ke sthAna para Asana zuzrUSA aura dRSTi - ye puNya batAye haiM / 3 114 digaMbara-graMtha sAgAra - dharmAmRta meM pratigrahaNa, uccasthApana, pAda- prakSAlana, arcanA, praNAma, manaH zuddhi, vacanazuddhi, kAyazuddhi aura eSaNa (bhojana) - ye nau dAna ke bheda kahe gaye haiM / 35 anna, pAnI, vastra, sthAna aura zayana ke dAna se; satpravRtta mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI sahAyatA se zubha vacana, bhAvanA aura namaskAra karane se puNya kA baMdha hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki anna, pAnI, davA Adi vastuoM kA dAna karanA; vizrAma ke lie sthAna denA; mana meM prazasta bhAvanA honA; vacana se madhura, satya aura hitakArI nirdoSa vacana bolanA; zarIra se zubha kArya karanA; deva, guru aura bar3oM ko namaskAra karanA ina saba bAtoM se puNya milatA hai 1 puNya ke jo nau bheda batAye gaye haiM, ve sirpha jainiyoM ke lie hI haiM aisA nahIM hai, varan kisI bhI dharma ke vyakti ko ina nau bhedoM kA puNya karanA cAhie / ina nau bhedoM meM dAna kA vizeSa mahattva batAyA gayA hai| mana meM anukampA rakhakara dUsaroM kI madada karanA hI asalI puNya hai| jaina dharma meM dAna kA zreSThatva bahuta adhika batAyA gayA hai| prAcInakAla meM RSabhadeva Adi jo caubIsa tIrthaMkara ho gaye haiM, ve dIkSA ke pUrva eka sAla taka pratidina eka karor3a ATha lAkha suvarNa-muharoM kA dAna karate the / isIlie jaina dharma meM dAna ko agrasthAna diyA gayA hai| puNya kA saMbaMdha zarIra se hai isalie zarIra aura zarIra se saMbaMdhita jitanI sajIva aura nirjIva sAdhana-sAmagrI apane pAsa hai, usakA upayoga kevala apane lie na karake, jinheM usakI atIva AvazyakatA hai, una logoM ke lie karane se puNya meM vRddhi hotI hai / kaI loga kahate haiM ki hamAre pAsa dhana nahIM hai, sAdhana-sAmagrI nahIM hai, phira hameM puNya kA upArjana kaise karanA cAhie ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki puNya kevala bAhUhya sAdhana-sAmagrI aura sampatti se hI upArjita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai apitu zubha bhAvanA se bhI upArjita kiyA jA sakatA hai / zarIra dvArA sevA karane se tathA buddhi, vANI Adi ke dvArA sahayoga dene se bhI puNya kA upArjana hotA hai puNya aura pApa bhAvanA para AdhArita haiN| zubha bhAvanA hone para puNya hotA hai aura azubha bhAvanA hone para pApa hotA hai| isalie pratyeka manuSya ko aisI bhAvanA rakhanI cAhie ki usakI pratyeka pravRtti, pratyeka kArya tathA pratyeka vyavahAra puNyamaya ho, dUsare ke kalyANa ke liye ho / 1 - puNya ke prabhAva se hI manuSya dharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai| dharma kA AcaraNa karane se hI mokSa prApta hotA hai / isalie yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki

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115 jaina-darzana ke nava tatva puNyadharma mokSa-prApti kA prabala kAraNa hai| puNya ke kAraNa hI anukUla aura iSTa sAmagrI milatI hai| puNya janma-mRtyu ke cakra se chur3AtA hai| puNya mokSa-sukha kA kAraNa hai| puNya ke udaya se hI sAre saMkaTa naSTa hote haiN| puNya hI samasta vizva para zAsana karane vAlA hai| isalie puNya heya hone para bhI mokSaprApti taka upAdeya hai|36 puNya kA phala nau prakAra kA puNya karate samaya aneka prakAra ke kaSTa sahane par3ate haiM, parantu puNya kA phala bhogate samaya sukha aura zAnti prApta hotI hai| nau prakAra se ba~dhA huA puNya bayAlIsa prakAroM se bhogA jAtA hai, yAnI usakA phala bayAlIsa prakAroM se milatA hai| jo isa prakAra haiM - (1) sadbadanIya (15) AhAraka zarIra aMgopAMga (26) trasa nAma (2) uccagotra (16) vajravRSabhanArAca-saMhanana (30) bAdara nAma (3) manuSyagati (17) samacaturasaMsthAna (31) paryAptanAma (4) manuSyAnupUrvI (18) zubhavarNa (32) pratyekanAma (5) devagati (16) zubhagaMdha (33) sthira nAma (6) devAnupUrvI (20) zubharasa (34) zubhanAma (7) paMcendriya jAti (21) zubhasparza (35) saubhAgyanAma (8) audArika zarIra (22) agurulaghunAma (36) susvara nAma (6) vaikriya zarIra (23) parAghAtanAma (37) AdeyanAma (10) AhAraka zarIra (24) ucchvAsa nAma (38) yazokIrtinAma (11) tejasa zarIra (25) Atapa nAma (36) devAyu (12) kArmaNa zarIra (26) udyota nAma (40) manuSyAyu (13) audArika zarIra aMgopAMga (27) zubhagati nAma (41) tiryacAyu (14) vaikriya zarIra aMgopAMga (28) zubha nirmANa nAma (42) tIrthakaranAmakarma isakA vistRta varNana jaina-tattva-prakAza, tattvArtharAjavArtika tathA jaina-tattvAdarza Adi graMthoM meM milatA hai| puNya aisA tattva hai jo heya aura upAdeya donoM hai| isakA ullekha pUrva meM ho cukA hai| jisa prakAra sAgara ke eka kinAre se dUsare kinAre taka jAne ke lie jahAz2a kA upayoga Avazyaka hotA hai aura kinAre para pahu~cane para usa jahAja kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| donoM kArya kiye binA dUsarI ora pahu~canA azakya hai| usI prakAra prathamAvasthA meM puNya ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai aura Atma-vikAsa kI sImA taka pahu~cane para usakA tyAga bhI Avazyaka hai| jo prathamAvasthA se hI puNya ko tyAjya samajhakara, usakA tyAga kara detA hai, usakI vahI dazA hotI hai, jo kinAre taka pahu~cane se pahale hI jahAja. ko bIca meM chor3a dene vAle kI hotI hai| bIca meM hI jahAja ko chor3ane vAlA sAgara meM DUbakara maratA hai aura bIca meM hI puNya ko tyAga dene vAlA saMsArarUpI sAgara meM DUba jAtA hai|

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116 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva puNya-phala ke jo bayAlIsa bheda batAye gaye haiM, una se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki paMcendriya, jAti, manuSya zarIra, vajraRSabhanArAcasaMhanana Adi mokSa kI sAmagrI puNya se hI prApta hotI hai| puNya ke binA yaha sAmagrI nahIM milatI aura isa sAmagrI ke binA mokSaprApti nahIM ho sktii| isalie vivekapUrvaka puNya kA svarUpa samajhakara usakA ucita prakAra se grahaNa karanA caahie| sukhaprApti puNya ke kAraNa hI . ___puNya aura pApa ye donoM eka-dUsare ke virodhI tattva haiN| eka tattva ke do pariNAma nahIM hote| puNya sukha aura duHkha donoM kA kAraNa nahIM hai| vaha kevala sukha kA kAraNa hai| eka bAra kAlodayI ne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA - "bhante! kyA kalyANa-karma (puNya) jIva ko acchA phala dene vAlA hai ?" bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA . "he kAlodayI, kalyANa-karma (puNya) aisA hotA hai - jaba koI puruSa svaccha tathA sundara pAtra meM parose gaye rasadAra, aThAraha vyaMjanoM se yukta aura auSadhi-mizrita anna kA sevana karatA hai; taba vaha Arambha meM use acchA nahIM lgtaa| parantu pAcana hone para vaha surUpatA, suvarNatA, sugaMdhatA, surasatA, susparzatA, iSTatA, kAMtiyuktatA, priyatA, zubhatA, manojJatA tathA UrdhvatA Adi utpanna karatA hai| vaha bAra-bAra sukharUpa pariNAma utpanna karatA hai, duHkharUpa nhiiN| usI prakAra, he kAlodayI! prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattadAna, maithuna-parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa, kalahavyAkhyAna, paizunya paraparivAda rati-arati, mAyAmRSA aura mithyAdarzana rUpa zalyoM kA viramaNa (tyAga) - Arambha meM manuSya ho acchA nahIM lgtaa| parantu bAda meM pariNAma ke samaya sukharUpatA, suvarNatA Adi bhAva utpanna karatA hai aura bAra-bAra sukharUpa pariNAma utpanna karatA hai, duHkharUpa nhiiN| isalie he kAlodayI! kalyANa-karma (pUNya) jIva ko acchA phala dene vAlA hotA hai, aisA kahA gayA hai|" puNya se sukha hI prApta hotA hai, duHkha leza mAtra bhI nahIM hotaa| pUNya kI mahimA puNya se manuSya ko svarga kI prApti hotI hai aura usI ke kAraNa mokSa kI bhI prApti hotI hai| puNya se dharma kI prApti bhI hotI hai| dharma se adhika lAbhadAyaka vastu kauna-sI hai ? dharma se zreSTa koI vastu nahIM hai aura dharma ko bhUla jAne jaisI koI burAI bhI nahIM hai| puNya kA phala kyA hotA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki tIrthakara, gaNadhara, RSi, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva, deva aura vidyAdharoM kI Rddhi puNya kA phala hai| puNya ke kAraNa hI cakravartI ke anurUpa rUpa, sampatti abhedya zarIra kA baMdhana, atIva utkaTa nidhi, ratnaRddhi, hAthI, ghor3e, antaHpura kA vaibhava, bhogopabhoga, aizvarya Adi prApta hote haiN| puNya ke prabhAva se aMdhe prANI ko dRSTi milatI hai, vRddha lAvaNyayukta hotA hai, nirbala prANI siMha ke samAna baliSTa ho jAtA hai tathA vikRta zarIra vAlA vyakti

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117 jaina darzana ke nava tattva kAmadeva ke samAna sundara banatA hai / ye prazaMsanIya bAteM durlabha hone para bhI puNyodaya se prApta hotI haiN| puNya aura dharma ke prabhAva se asatya vacana bhI satya hotA hai aura sAre sukha prApta hote haiN| 30 asalI puNyavAn kauna ? puNyazAlI vyakti ko yadyapi saMpUrNa zarIra, uttama kula, AryakSetra, paripUrNa paMcendriya Adi prApta hote haiM arthAt puNyavAna ke lie koI bhI apUrNatA nahIM dikhAI detI phira bhI kucha loga daridra, maMdabuddhi, kupatnI yA kuputra se yukta kyoM dikhAI dete haiM? isI prakAra kucha acche loga duHkhI dikhAI dete haiM, taba kyA yaha mAna liyA jAya ki ve loga puNyahIna haiM? vastusthiti yaha hai ki pratyeka manuSya ko yaha saba apane pUrva- puNyoM ke kAraNa prApta hotA hai| paraMtu vartamAna meM unheM vAstavika rUpa se puNyavAn nahIM kahA jaataa| jisake pAsa puNya kI adhikatA hai yA jo naye puNya kI prApti adhika mAtrA meM karatA hai, vahI vartamAna meM puNyavAn kahA jAtA hai / puNyavAn zabda adhika puNya ke astittva kA dyotaka hai| udAharaNArtha jisake pAsa adhika dhana hai, use hI dhanavAna kahate haiM aura usa dhana kA upayoga jo vyakti vartamAna avasthA meM samAja ke lie karatA hai, vahI vyakti puNyavAn samajhA jAtA hai 1 jisake pAsa vipula puNyasaMcaya hai yA jo bar3I mAtrA meM puNya kA upArjana karatA rahatA hai, aise kisI bhI vyakti ko sampatti, patnI, putra hote hue bhI puNyavAn nahIM kahA jAtA / koI corI, lUTamAra yA burA karma karake bhI sampatti kamA letA hai, to usa pApa karma ke dvArA prApta huI sampatti ke kAraNa, kyA hama usa dhanavAn ko puNyavAn kaha sakate haiM ? kisI ko patnI prApta huI aura putra bhI prApta huA, parantu yadi ve hamezA bImAra aura duHkhI rahate hoM yA ve AjJAkArI aura vinamra na hoM to kyA usa vyakti ko kevala patnI tathA putra hone se hI puNyavAna kahA jA sakatA hai ? Ajakala bahuta se loga bAhUya vaibhava aura aizvarya dekhakara vyakti ko prAyaH puNyavAna samajhate haiN| jisa vyakti ke pAsa dhana, sampatti nahIM hai nyAyya mArga se kI huI apanI kamAI se jo saMtuSTa hai, jisake hRdaya meM dayA hai, jo apanI zubhecchAe~, sadbhAvanAe~ aura zubhakAmanAe~ duniyA ke duHkhI logoM ke lie vyakta karatA hai, duHkhI logoM ke A~sU pauMchatA hai aura yathAzakti apane zarIra se bhI dUsare kI sahAyatA karatA hai, kyA aisA vyakti puNyavAn nahIM hai ? jarUra hai / prazna uThatA hai ki hajAroM rupaye pratidina kharca karane vAle parantu kaThora mana vAle vyakti puNyavAn haiM yA duHkhI aura daridra vyakti ko dekhakara dravIbhUta hone vAle, bAhUya dRSTi se garIba paraMtu aMtardRSTi se amIra vyakti puNyavAna haiM? isakA uttara yaha ki jo mana se amIra haiM, ve hI sacce amIra haiN| jinakA jIvana sAdA hai, ve hI sacce puNyavAn haiM / "

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118 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva upayoga kA artha upayoga AtmA kA lakSaNa hai isIlie umAsvAtijI ne kahA hai - 'upayogo lakSaNam' (tattvArthasUtra 2/8) / AtmA saMsArI ho yA siddha ho, vaha kisI bhI avasthA meM upayogazUnya nahIM rhtaa| upayoga AtmA kA traikAlika guNa hai| sAmAnyataH upayoga ke do bheda haiM - (1) jJAnopayoga aura (2) drshnopyog| inhIM ko dUsare zabdoM meM kramazaH sAkAropayoga aura nirAkAropayoga kahate haiN| sAmAnya padArtha kA jJAna darzanopayoga kahalAtA hai aura vizeSa padArtha kA jJAna jJAnopayoga kahalAtA hai| AtmA kA upayoga svayaMsiddha hotA hai| moha kA udaya use malina karatA rahatA jJAnopayoga ke ATha bheda haiM aura darzanopayoga ke cAra bheda haiN| isa taraha upayoga ke bAraha bheda haiN|2 upayoga kA vistRta varNana jIva tattva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ zubhopayoga aura azubhopayoga ke saMdarbha ke kAraNa upayoga para vicAra kiyA jA rahA zubhopayoga aura azubhopabhoga jIvadravya caitanyasvarUpa hai| vaha jAnanA aura dekhanA isa dRSTi se do prakAra kA hai| jAnanA arthAt jJAna aura dekhanA arthAt drshn| AtmA kA caitanya-pariNAma nizcaya se zubharUpa aura azubharUpa hai| jJAna tathA darzanarUpa upayogoM ke zuddha aura azuddha isa prakAra se do anya bheda bhI haiN| jo vItarAga upayoga hai, vaha zuddhopayoga hai aura jo sarAga upayoga hai, vaha azuddhopayoga hai| azuddhopayoga bhI vizuddha (maMdakaSAya) aura saMkleza (tIvrakaSAya) bhedoM se do prakAra kA hai| vizuddha rUpa zubhopayoga hai aura saMkleza rUpa azubhopayoga AcArya umAsvAti ne kahA hai ki zubhopayoga puNyabandha kA hetu hai aura azubhopayoga pApabandha kA hetu hai| zrIvidyAnandajI ne zubhopayoga aura azubhopayoga kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai - samyagdarzana se yukta yoga zubha aura zuddha hai tathA mithyAdarzana se yukta yoga azubha aura azuddha hai| tattva para zraddhA samyagdarzana hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu kA yathArtha grahaNa samyagdarzana hai| jisa prakAra ghara meM daravAje, tAlAba meM jharane aura naukA meM chidra hote haiM, usI taraha jIva ke zubha aura azubha yoga hote haiN| jisa prakAra daravAje se ghara meM praveza kiyA jAtA hai, usI taraha yoga se karmapudgala (karmasamUha) Atma-pradeza meM Ate haiN| Amnava karate haiN| jisa prakAra jala kA Agamana jharane ke dvAra se hotA hai, usI prakAra yoga dvArA AtmA meM karma Ate haiM isalie yoga ko Amnava kahate haiN| jisa prakAra bahakara AyI huI dhUla gIle vastra ke cAroM aura cipakatI hai, usI prakAra yoga dvArA lAye gaye karmarUpI dhUlikaNoM ko kaSAyarUpI pAnI se gIlI huI AtmA cAroM ora se

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119 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva grahaNa karatI hai athavA jisa prakAra lohe kA tapta golA pAnI meM DAlane para sarvAMga se pAnI ko khIMcatA hai, usI prakAra kaSAya-saMtapta jIva yoga dvArA lAye gaye kamoM ko saba aura se grahaNa karatA hai| zubha aura azubha ina do bhAvoM kA pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| kyoMki jIva pariNAmazIla hai isalie vaha zubha, azubha inameM se kisI bhI bhAva ke rUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai agara AtmA svabhAvataH hI apariNAmI (kUTasthanitya) hotA, to yaha pariNamana nahIM hotaa| ___ AtmA jaba zuddha bhAva-svarUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, taba nirvANasukha prApta karatA hai| jaba zubha-bhAvarUpa pariNata hotA hai, taba svargasukha prApta karatA hai| aura jaba azubha-bhAvarUpa pariNata hotA hai, taba hatyArA, hIna manuSya nAraka yA pazu Adi banakara hajAroM duHkhoM se pIr3ita hokara cirakAla taka isa ghora saMsAra meM bar3e kaSTa se bhramaNa karatA hai| 6 / / yadi jIva kA upayoga zubha ho to vaha puNyakarma saMcita karatA hai aura azubha ho to pApakarma saMcita karatA hai| ina zubha aura azubha upayogoM ke abhAva meM karmabandha nahIM hotA / hiMsA, corI maithuna Adi azubha kAyAyoga haiN| asatya bolanA, kaTora bolanA Adi azubha vacanayoga haiN| hiMsaka vicAra, ISyA, asUyA Adi azubha manoyoga haiN| ahiMsA acaurya, brahmacarya Adi zubha kAyayoga haiN| satya, hita, mita bolanA Adi zubhaM vAgyoga haiN| arhanta-bhakti, tapa, ruci, zAstroM kA Adara Adi zubha manoyoga haiN| jo AtmA deva, sAdhu aura guru kI pUjA meM, dAna meM, guNavrata aura mahAvrata rUpI utkRSTa zIla meM aura upavAsa Adi zubha kAryoM meM magna rahatA hai, use zubhopayogI kahA jAtA hai (guNavrata arthAt pA~ca pApoM kA aMzataH tyAga aura mahAvrata arthAt pA~ca pApoM kA saMpUrNa tyaag)|deg / jo AtmA zubhopayoga se yukta hai vaha manuSya yA deva hokara unakI Ayu-kAlAvadhi taka aneka iMdriyajanya sukha prApta karatA hai, parantu yaha iMdriyajanya sukha sahI artha meM duHkha hI hai, isalie Atma-sukha kI prApti nahIM ho sktii|" zubhopayoga kA uttama phala devoM meM indra ko aura manuSyoM meM cakravartI ko hI prApta hotA hai| parantu usa phala ke dvArA ve kevala apane zarIra kI zobhA bar3hA sakate haiM, AtmA kI nhiiN| Atmasukha ke abhAva meM ve sacce artha meM duHkhI hI rahate hai| unakI viSaya-bhoga kI tRSNA bar3hatI hI rahatI hai| puNya ke prabhAva se ve devoM ko prApta hone vAle sukha ko prApta kara sakate haiN| tRSNA bar3hatI rahatI hai, isalie yaha sukha parAdhIna aura bAdhAyukta hotA hai, nAzavAn hotA hai, karmabaMdha kA kAraNa hotA hai, hAni-vRddhirUpa hotA hai| ataH aisA sukha duHkharUpa hI ThaharatA hai|

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120 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jisa jIva ke bhAva zubha hote haiM, usake citta meM kaTutA nahIM hotI aura jo jIva dayAvAn hotA hai, vaha puNyazIla mAnA jAtA hai| arihanta, siddha aura sAdhu kI bhakti, dhArmika pravRtti aura guru kA anukaraNa ye zubharAga aura zubha-bhAva haiN| bhUkhe, pyAse, duHkhI aura kaSTa se pIr3ita jIvoM ko dekhakara svayaM usa duHkha kA anubhava karanA aura dayA-buddhi se unakI sahAyatA karanA, anukampA aura zubha-bhAva kahalAtA hai| jo manuSya viSaya-kaSAya meM DUba jAtA hai, kuzAstra, duSTa vicAra, vikAra aura burI bAtoM kI saMgati karatA hai, jo mithyAzAstra sunatA hai, AtaM, raudra aura azubha dhyAna meM jisakA mana DUbA rahatA hai, jo dUsaroM kI nindA karatA hai, hiMsAdi kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vItarAga-mArga ko ulTA samajhatA hai aura mithyA-mArga se gamana karatA hai, vaha azubha upayoga se yukta hai|* pramAdI pravRtti, kaluSatA, lolupatA, dUsaroM ko duHkha denA tathA dUsaroM kI nindA karanA - ye pApa ke dvAra haiM aura azubha karma haiN| AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha - ye cAra saMjJAe~; kRSNa, nIla, kapota - ye tIna lezyAe~; iMdriyavazatA, ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dRSita bhAvanA se jJAna kA upayoga. aura moha - ye pApakarma ke dvAra haiN| ye sabhI azubha karma haiN| vAstavika (pAramArthika) dRSTi se dekhA jAye to zubha aura azubha bhAvoM ke pariNAma meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| devoM ko bhI svabhAvasiddha sukha nahIM miltaa| isI kAraNa se deha-vedanA se pIr3ita hokara deva ramya viSayoM meM ramaNa karate hai| manuSya, deva, pazu aura nAraka ina cAroM gatiyoM meM dehajanya duHkha hai| sukha meM magna devendra aura cakravartI zubha bhAvoM ke kAraNa prApta hone vAle bhogoM meM Asakta hote haiN| zubha upayoga se usake pazcAt jAgrata hone vAlI tRSNA se duHkhI aura saMtapta hokara ve mRtyu taka viSaya-sukha kI icchA karate haiM aura aneka prakAra ke viSayoM kA sevana karate haiN| indriyajanya sukha duHkharUpa hai kyoMki vaha parAdhIna hai, viSama hai aura asaMtoSa paidA karane vAlA hai| isa dRSTi se pApa-puNya ke phala meM bheda nahIM hai| ise na samajhakara jo puNyopArjita sukha prApta karane kI icchA rakhate haiM, ve ajJAnI haiM aura u. isa ghora apAra saMsAra meM bhaTakanA pdd'egaa| zubha upayoga kA phala devatAoM kI sampatti hai aura azubha upayoga kA phala naraka kI Apatti hai ataH ina donoM meM sukha nahIM hai|6 sArAMza yaha hai ki zubha pariNAma se hone vAlA yoga zubha yoga hai aura azubha pariNAma se hone vAlA yoga azubha yoga hai|" puNya-pApa-carcA 'gaNadharavAda' graMtha meM gaNadharoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI se aneka prazna pUche haiN| nauveM gaNadhara acalabhrAtA ne puNya-pApa ke viSaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke

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121 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sAtha carcA kI taba mahAvIra ne veda kA asalI artha batAkara acalabhrAtA aura sAre gaNadharoM ke saMzayoM kA nivAraNa kiyaa| jaina-darzana meM puNya-pApa kA vivecana viziSTa artha meM kiyA gayA hai aura usakA samAveza nava tattvoM meM huA hai| sAdhAraNataH vyAvahArika bhASA meM zubhAzubha karma-pudgala ko puNya-pApa kahA jAtA hai| sampannatA, daridratA, Akasmika lAbha-hAni Adi kAraNoM se puNya-pApa kA bodha hotA hai| use pUrvakRta karma-phala yA sAtvikavRtti yA zubhAzubha karma kahA jAtA hai| karmabaddha jIva aneka prakAra ke sukha-duHkhoM kA anubhava karatA hai| jisa karma se duHkharUpa phala kI prApti hotI hai, use pApa kahate haiM aura jisase sAMsArika sukhopabhoga aura sukharUpa phala kI prApti hotI hai, use puNya kahate haiN| puNya-pApa donoM kArmaNa pudgala kI alaga-alaga avasthAe~ haiN| ve meru Adi ke samAna sthUla nahIM hai| aura paramANu ke samAna atyanta sUkSma bhI nahIM haiN| AtmA ko jo pavitra karatA hai yA jisake samparka se AtmA pavitra hotA hai, vaha puNya hai| jo AtmA meM zubha pariNAma ko utpanna nahIM hone detA tathA azubha pariNAma ko utpanna karatA hai, vaha pApa hai| iSTa gati kA kAraNa puNya hai aura aniSTa gati kA kAraNa pApa hai| iSTa ke kAraNa sukha kI prApti hotI hai aura aniSTa ke kAraNa duHkha kI prApti hotI hai| aisA bhautika sukha yA sAMsArika sukha kI apekSA se kahA gayA hai| parantu parama utkRSTa sukha kI prApti to iSTa-aniSTa se pare hai| pApa ke udaya se aneka kaSTa sahana karane par3ate haiN| pApa kA udaya hote hI saMkaTa cAroM tarapha se Ate haiN| loga pApa se puNya ko zreSTha mAnate haiN| isIlie jIva sadAcAra, satpravRtti, satkarma, zubhakArya, paropakAravRtti, dAna Adi kA pAlana kara zubha pariNAma meM rahane kA prayAsa karatA hai| puNya-pApa kI carcA meM (vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM) AcArya zrIjinabhadragaNijI ne paJcavAda kA pratipAdana karake svataMtravAda ko bar3hAvA diyA hai| vaha paJcavAda yaha hai(1) kevala puNya hI hai, pApa nahIM hai| (2) kevala pApa hI hai, puNya nahIM hai| (3) puNya-pApa bhinna nahIM haiM, eka sAdhAraNa tattva haiN| (4) puNya aura pApa ye donoM bhinna-bhinna haiN| (5) puNya-pApa haiM hI nahIM, saba kucha svabhAva hI hai| ___ gaNadharavAda meM paNDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAjI ne ina pA~ca vikalpoM kA kramazaH (1) puNyavAda, (2) pApavAda, (3) saMkIrNavAda, (4) svataMtravAda aura (5) svabhAvavAda- ina nAmoM se ullekha kiyA hai| (1) puNyavAda 'kevala puNya hI hai, pApa hai hI nahIM'- isa mata ke logoM kA kahanA hai ki puNya kA kramazaH utkarSa hotA hai, vaha zubha hai| arthAt puNya thor3A-thor3A bar3hatA hai,

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122 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vaise hI kramazaH sukha kI vRddhi bhI hotI jAtI hai| puNya kA parama utkarSa hote hI svarga kA utkRSTa sukha prApta hotA hai| parantu puNya kI kramazaH hAni hone para sukha kI bhI kramazaH hAni hotI hai arthAt duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM jabaki puNya kA sarvathA kSaya hone para mokSa prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra kevala puNya ko mAnane se hI sukha aura duHkha donoM siddha ho sakate haiM, to pApa ko alaga mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA __jisa prakAra pathyAhAra kI kramika vRddhi se Arogya-vRddhi hotI hai, usI prakAra puNyavRddhi se sukhavRddhi hotI hai| jisa prakAra pathyAhAra kama hone se Arogya kI hAni hotI hai, arthAt roga bar3hate haiM, usI prakAra puNya kI hAni hone se duHkha bar3hate haiN| aura jaise sarvathA pathyAhAra kA tyAga hone para mRtyu AtI hai, vaise hI puNya kA sarvathA kSaya hone para mokSa prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra jaba kevala puNya se hI sukha-duHkha kI utpatti hotI hai, to pApa ko alaga mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? (2) pApavAda60 jo kevala pApa ko hI mAnate haiM aura puNya ko nahIM mAnate, unakA kathana hai ki pApa kA apakarSaNa puNya kI avasthA hai| apane pakSa ke samarthanArtha puNyavAdiyoM ke pathyAhAra ke udAharaNa ke samAna unhoMne bhI apathyAhAra kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra apathyAhAra kI vRddhi hone se rogoM kI vRddhi hotI hai, usI prakAra pApa kI vRddhi hone para duHkha kI vRddhi hotI hai| aura jaba pApa kA parama utkarSa hotA hai, taba naraka kA tIvra duHkha prApta hotA hai| arthAt jisa prakAra apathyAhAra kama hone se ArogyalAbha hotA hai, usI prakAra pApa kA apakarSa hone se sukha kI vRddhi hotI hai aura nyUnatama pApa raha jAne para devoM kA utkRSTa sukha prApta hotA hai| atha ca jisa prakAra apathyAhAra ke sarvathA tyAga se parama Arogya kA lAbha hotA hai, usI prakAra pApa ke sarvathA nAza se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isa taraha kevala pApa ko mAnane se hI sukha aura duHkha kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, to puNya ko alaga mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? pApavAdiyoM kA pakSa puNyavAdiyoM ke pratipAdana ke pUrNatayA viparIta hai| (3) saMkIrNavAda'. puNya tathA pApa donoM svataMtra nahIM haiM paraMtu sAdhAraNatayA eka hI haiN| saMkIrNavAdI kahate haiM ki jaise aneka raMgoM ke milane se eka sAdhAraNa saMkIrNa raMga banatA hai aura jaise siMha aura nara ke rUpa ko dhAraNa karane vAlA narasiMha eka hI hai, usI prakAra pApa aura puNya eka hI mizrita sAdhAraNa tattva hai| pApa se puNya kI adhikatA hone para 'puNyAvasthA' hotI hai aura puNya se pApa kI adhikatA hone para 'pApAvasthA' hotI hai|

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123 jaina darzana ke nava tattva (4) svatantravAda . - svatantravAdI puNya-pApa ko svatantra tattva mAnate haiM / svatantravAdiyoM kI dRSTi se sukha kA kAraNa puNya hai aura duHkha kA kAraNa pApa hai| sukha aura duHkha donoM kArya haiN| sukha-duHkha kA anubhava eka hI samaya nahIM hotA isalie sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna hone caahie| ataH pApa aura puNya donoM svatantra tattva haiN| (5) svabhAvavAda - 62 pApa-puNya kI ye cAroM kalpanAe~ paraspara virodhI haiM isalie svabhAvavAdI loga kahate haiM ki puNya-pApa jaisA isa duniyA meM kucha hai hI nahIM / saMsAra meM jo sukha-duHkha kA vaicitrya dikhAI detA hai, vaha svabhAva se hotA hai / isa duniyA ke sAre prapaMca svabhAva se hI hote haiN| vizva vaicitrya, janma-maraNa, sukha - duHkha kI prApti kI tIkSNatA, pazu-pakSiyoM kA vaicitrya, raMgabiraMgI sRSTi yaha saba svabhAva ke kAraNa hI hai / svabhAvavAda kA varNana gaNadharavAda, jIvanasAdhanA aura zvetAzvataropaniSad Adi meM upalabdha hotA hai| ina pA~ca vAdoM meM se cauthA svataMtravAda ( arthAt puNya aura pApa ko alaga-alaga tattva mAnanA) hI ucita hai / anya cAroM vAda yuktipUrNa nahIM haiMaisA bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne gaNadhara zrI acala bhrAtA se kahA hai / cAra vAdoM kA nirAkaraNa puNyavAda kA nirAsa - kevala puNya ko hI mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki sukha kI alpatA duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatI / duHkha kI vRddhi azubha karma ke prakarSa se hI ho sakatI hai, puNya ke apakarSa se nahIM / sukha kA anubhava puNya ke utkarSa ke kAraNa hai / isI prakAra duHkha ke utkarSa kA kAraNa puNya ke bajAya kucha na kucha to honA hI cAhie aura vaha azubha kAraNa pApa hI hai| puNya kA apakarSa hone para iSTa sAdhana kI hAni ho sakatI hai, parantu isase aniSTa sAdhana kI vRddhi nahIM ho sktii| jaise suvarNa kA ghaTa bar3A hone para suvarNa kA aura choTA hone para lohe kA ho jAye aisA vyavahAra meM dikhAI nahIM detA pApavAda kA nirAsa puNyavAda kA nirAkaraNa jisa yuktivAda se kiyA gayA hai, usase viparIta yuktivAda se pApa kA nirAkaraNa hotA hai| jisa prakAra puNya ke apakarSa se duHkha nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra pApa ke apakarSa se sukha bhI nahIM mila sktaa| agara jyAdA viSa jyAdA nukasAna karatA hai to thor3A viSa thor3A nukasAna karegA hI / bhalA vaha lAbhaprada kaise ho sakatA hai ? isalie thor3A pApa thor3A duHkha detA hai, paraMtu sukha ke lie to puNya kI hI kalpanA karanI hogii| 1 saMkIrNavAda kA nirAsa puNya yA pApa kI abhivRddhi puNya athavA pApa kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatI / puNya aura pApa ye donoM svatantra tattva haiN| agara aisA nahIM mAnA jAye to kAya, vAk tathA mana ke yoga ke parispaMdana se utpanna karma-prakriyAoM kI vyavasthA hI nahIM jmegii| kyoMki eka samaya meM yoga kA zubharUpa athavA azubharUpa eka hI bhAva ho sakatA hai| eka hI samaya puNyarUpa sukha aura - -

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124 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pAparUpa daHkha donoM kI utpatti kaise ho sakatI hai? jaba AtmA ke adhyavasAya (dazAe~) zubharUpa athavA azubharUpa hote haiM, taba kramazaH puNya aura pApa kA bandhana hotA hai| pUrva kathana ke anusAra zubhayoga se puNya kI aura azubha yoga se pApa kI utpatti hotI hai, isalie pApa aura puNya kA svataMtra astittva hai| jisa prakAra devadatta kI vRddhi se yajJadatta kI vRddhi nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki donoM kA pRthak astittva hai, usI prakAra puNya tathA pApa ke astittva ko svataMtra rUpa se svIkAra karanA cAhie, mizrarUpa se nhiiN| svabhAvavAda kA nirAsa - saMsAra meM jo sukha-duHkha kI vicitratA hai, vaha svabhAvavAda se siddha nahIM ho sktii| yadi svabhAvavAda mAnA jAya to svabhAva kA artha samajhanA caahie| aura svabhAva kA artha kisI vastu ko mAnA jAya to usakI upalabdhi honI caahie| parantu jisa prakAra AkAza-kusuma kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI, usI prakAra svabhAva kI upalabdhi bhI nahIM ho sktii| aura jaba vastu hI nahIM hai to usase kArya kI upalabdhi kaise hogI ? __ yadi svabhAva ko mUrta mAnA jAye to karma ko bhI svIkAra karanA caahie| kyoMki karma aura svabhAva meM isa mUrtatA ke kAraNa nAma mAtra kA aMtara hai| agara use amUrta mAnA jAye to usameM se zarIra kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| amUrta se mUrta kI utpatti honA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki daNDa Adi upakaraNoM se kuMbhakAra ghaTa Adi utpanna karatA hai, paTa Adi se nhiiN| jaisA kAraNa hotA hai, vaisA hI kArya hotA hai| kAraNa kArya kA mAdhyama hai| vedoM meM bhI aise aneka vAkya haiM, jinakA sahI artha lene se svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana hotA hai aura karmavAda kI siddhi hotI hai| AtmA paMca mahAbhUtoM se bhinna hai aura vaha paraloka-gamana avazya karatA hai saca dekhA jAe to AtmA kA paraloka-gamana svAbhAvAnusAra na hokara karma ke anusAra hai| isalie saba kucha svabhAva-nirmita hI hai aisA mAnanA yathArtha nahIM lgtaa| svabhAva kA artha niSkAraNatA mAna liyA jAye to ghaTa-paTa Adi ke samAna khara-zRMga kI bhI utpatti sambhava ho jAyegI, paraMtu aisA dikhAI nahIM detaa| khara-zRMga kI utpatti kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| aura kAraNa ke binA kisI bhI vastu kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| isalie jagata-vaicitrya kA kAraNa svabhAva ke bajAya karma ko hI mAnanA sarvathA ucita hai| svatantravAda : svIkArya puNya aura pApa donoM svatantra haiM, saMkIrNa nhiiN| kyoMki yadi ve saMkIrNa hote to saba jIvoM ko unake kAyoM kA mizra rUpa meM anubhava hotaa| arthAt kevala sukha yA kevala duHkha kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| hamezA sukha-duHkha mizra rUpa meM hI anubhava meM Ane cAhie the| kintu aisA nahIM hotaa| svarga meM devatAoM ko kevala

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125 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sukhoM kA hI vizeSa rUpa se anubhava hotA hai| isake viparIta narakavAsiyoM ko duHkhoM kA hI anubhava hotA hai| saMkIrNa kAraNa se utpanna kArya meM bhI saMkIrNatA hI honI cAhie, parantu vaisA dikhAI nahIM detaa| isalie puNya aura pApa saMkIrNa na hokara svatantra haiM, yaha siddha hotA hai| agara saMkIrNavAda ko mAnA jAye to dAna kA phala puNya aura hiMsA kA phala pApa mAnanA asaMgata hogaa| vedoM ke anusAra bhI puNya-pApa kI svatantratA siddha hotI hai| gaNadharavAda meM puNya-pApa ke saMbaMdha meM puNyavAda, pApavAda, saMkIrNavAda jaise jo vikalpa die gaye haiM, ve vikalpa mAtra hI haiN| ve kisako mAnya haiM, yaha samajhane kA sAdhana abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huA hai| parantu isakI thor3I kalpanA sAMkhyakArikA kI vyAkhyA meM, sattva Adi guNoM ke varNana ke prasaMga meM milatI hai| ina pA~ca vAdoM meM se svabhAvavAda aura svatantravAda to sarvavidita hI haiM inameM se bhI pApa aura puNya donoM svatantra haiM yaha mAnyatA hI antataH mAnya kI gaI sat prazasta karma-pudgala ko puNya kahate haiN| ye karma-pudgala jIva ke sAtha saMbaMdhita hote haiN| puNya kA virodhI aprazasta karma-pudgala pApa hai| pApa puNya ke pUrNataH viparIta hai| naraka Adi azubha phala dene vAlA aprazasta karma-pudgala pApa hai| tIrthakara, cakravartI tathA svarga Adi prazasta pada dene vAlA karma-pudgala puNya hai| ye pudgala bhI jIva se saMbaMdhita hote haiN| ___ puNya-pApa ke saMbaMdha meM prativAdI loga aisI kalpanAe~ karate haiM ki jo khuda ko tIrthakara mAnate haiM ve kahate haiM - "saMsAra meM puNya hI puNya hai, pApa hai hI nhiiN| pApa zabda ko zabdakoza meM se nikAla denA caahie|" dUsare kucha loga kahate haiM ki yaha saMsAra to pAparUpa hI hai| isameM puNya thor3A bhI nahIM hai| tIsare koI kahate haiM ki saMsAra meM puNya-pApa eka-dUsare meM mile hue haiM jisa prakAra mecaka maNi meM aneka raMgoM kA mizraNa hotA hai, usI prakAra puNya aura pApa eka dUsare meM mile hue haiN| yaha duHkha-mizrita sukha aura sukhamizrita duHkha rUpa phala detA rahatA hai| isalie eka puNya-pAparUpa tIsarI hI mizrita vastu mAnanI caahie| cauthe puNya-pApa donoM kA mUla se hI uccheda karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki saMsAra meM puNya aura pApa kucha bhI nahIM haiN| yaha samasta vizva svAbhAvika (svayaMsiddha) hai| ye sabhI mata pramANa ke viruddha haiN| jaba saMsAra meM saba prANiyoM ko sukha aura duHkha kA bhinna-bhinna anubhava hotA hai, taba unheM utpanna karane vAle puNya aura pApa ko svatantra rUpa se aura alaga-alaga rItiyoM se svIkAra karanA caahie| puNya aura pApa meM se eka ko mAnane se kAma nahIM cala sktaa| sAtha hI donoM ko mizrita mAnane se bhI kAma nahIM cala sktaa| yadi saMsAra meM puNya aura pApa meM se kucha bhI nahIM hogA, to sukha aura duHkha kI vicitratA kI bAta to dUra, sukha-duHkha utpanna hI nahIM ho skeNge| kAraNa ke binA kArya kI utpatti kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM detiiN| isa prakAra puNya aura pApa

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126 jaina darzana ke nava tattva nahIM hoMge to duniyA meM sukha-duHkha kI carcA bhI nahIM hogI / parantu duniyA se sukha-duHkha ko naSTa karanA to sacamuca A~khoM meM dhUla jhauMkane jaisA hai| vicAraNIya hai ki prANI to sabhI manuSya haiM kintu eka rAjA hokara adhikAra jatAtA hai to dUsarA usakI cAkarI karatA hai / eka lakSAdhIza hokara lAkhoM kA bhoga karatA hai to dUsarA becArA dinabhara kaThora parizrama karane para bhI apanA peTa acchI taraha se nahIM bhara pAtA / eka devatA ke samAna hamezA bhogavilAsa karatA hai to dUsarA duHkha kI Aga meM jalatA rahatA hai| isalie sabhI ko anubhava hone vAle sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa puNya aura pApa hI mAnane cAhie aura jaba puNya aura pApa ko mAna liyA to tIvra puNya aura tIvra pApa bhogane ke lie sukha kA viziSTa sthAna svarga aura duHkha kA viziSTa sthAna naraka bhI mAnane caahie| puNya-pApa ko mAnakara bhI svarga-naraka ko na mAnanA to lAbha ke samaya zAmila hone aura hAni ke samaya dUra rahane jaisA hai / jaba puNya aura pApa haiM, to unake bhogane ke sthAna svarga aura naraka bhI haiN| sukha aura duHkha kinhIM kAraNoM se utpanna hote haiM, isalie kArya haiN| jisa prakAra aMkura kA kAraNa bIja hai, usI prakAra sukha-duHkha kA bIja puNya aura pApa haiM / sAdhana samAna hone para bhI unase utpanna hone vAle sukha-duHkha meM thor3A aMtara to dikhAI detA hI hai / jo miSTAnna kisI balavAna vyakti ko AnaMda detA hai aura usakI vRddhi karatA hai, vahI miSTAnna durbala vyakti ke lie apaca Adi rogoM kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai / isa prakAra samAna sAmagrI hone para bhI sukha-duHkha meM jamIna-AsamAna jitanA aMtara kisI na kisI kAraNa se hI hotA hai| agara yaha niSkAraNa hotA to yA to hamezA hotA yA bilkula hI nahIM hotA / paraMtu yaha bheda kabhI-kabhI dikhAyI detA hai, isalie yaha bheda saMkAraNa hai, niSkAraNa nhiiN| isa mahAna bheda kA kAraNa puNya-pAparUpI karma hai / jo sAdhana puNyazAlI ko sukha dete haiM, ve hI sAdhana pApiyoM ko duHkha dete haiN| jo kesara milA huA dUdha eka vyakti ko AnaMda detA hai, usI ko pIne se dUsarA bImAra hokara yamarAja ke ghara kA mehamAna bana jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki puNya se sukha aura pApa se duHkha prApta hotA hai / yadi ye dRzya padArtha svayaM hI sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa hote to eka hI vastu eka ko sukha aura dUsare ko duHkha kaise detI? isa prakAra saMsAra kA vaicitrya apane kAraNa se hI puNya aura pApa ko siddha karatA hai / kAraNa aura kArya rUpa se puNya pApa kI siddhi hotI hai| dAna karanA, ahiMsA bhAva rakhanA Adi zubha kriyAoM kA tathA hiMsA Adi azubha kriyAoM kA phala nizcita milatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ve ina kriyAoM ke kAraNa haiN| jisa prakAra khetI karane kA phala anAja hai, usI prakAra ahiMsA, dAna aura hiMsA Adi kriyAoM kA bhI kucha na kucha acchA yA burA phala avazya honA cAhie / inakA jo kucha acchA yA burA phala milatA hai, vaha puNya yA pApa ke kAraNa hI milatA hai / 64

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127 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva puNya aura pApa kA aMtara isa saMsAra meM jaba hama cAroM ora dekhate haiM taba hameM eka manuSya sukhI to dUsarA duHkhI dikhAyI detA hai| isI prakAra eka amIra to dUsarA garIba, eka surUpa to dUsarA kurUpa, eka jJAnI to anya ajJAnI, eka uccakulotpanna to anya nIcakulotpanna - isa prakAra kI paraspara virodhI bAteM dikhAI detI haiN| kucha loga aise kula meM janma lete haiM jahA~ unameM dharma ke saMskAra nahIM par3ate, jabaki kucha susaMskRta ucca kula meM janma lete haiM, jahA~ unakA vikAsa hotA hai aura unameM dharma ke saMskAra bhI par3ate haiN| kucha loga aise bhI haiM jinake ghara meM pati-patnI ke alAvA koI nahIM hai| aura ve bhI aba vRddha hote jA rahe haiM, parantu unakI sevA ke lie koI bhI nahIM kucha loga aise haiM jinake ghara meM dhana-dhAnya kI vipulatA hai aura kucha aise haiM jinake ghara meM anAja kA eka kaNa bhI nahIM mila sktaa| kucha logoM ke ghara meM AjJAkArI naukara-cAkara haiM to kucha loga aise haiM jinheM koI pAnI dene vAlA bhI nahIM hai| prazna upasthita hotA hai ki mAnava-mAnava meM aisI viSamatA kyoM hai? yaha viSamatA kisI ke dvArA kI gayI hai yA manuSya ne svayaM hI usako janma diyA hai? isakA uttara koI bhI jJAnI puruSa yahI degA ki yaha vividha prakAra kI viSamatA puNya aura pApa ke kAraNa hI hai| jinhoMne apane pUrvajanma meM zubhakArya kiyA hai, unakA isa janma meM puNyabandha hotA hai| isI puNyasaMcaya kA phala unheM isa janma meM sukha, dhana-dhAnya, yaza, bala, mitra, uccakula, varNa, gotra, sauMdarya, suputra, saMskAravatI patnI, naukara-cAkara, sampatti, ghara-bAra Adi ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai|65 jo lAgU pUrvajanma meM yA isa janma meM azubha kArya karate Aye haiM, unakA isa duSkRtya ke kAraNa hI pApabandha hotA hai aura usI pApa kA phala unheM duHkha, dAridryA, bhUkha, kurUpatA, kuputra, kupatnI, nIca kula, kusaMskAra, burA vAtAvaraNa Adi ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jisa kArya se athavA pravRtti se AtmA meM AnaMda, sukha aura pavitratA kA saMcAra hotA hai, jinheM prakaTa karane meM manuSya kabhI hicakicAtA nahIM, vahI puNya hai| jo gupta hai tathA chipakara kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pApa hai| pApa karane vAlA vyakti sattAdhAraka ho yA amIra, usameM pApa chipAne kI vRtti hotI hI hai| koI mujhe dekhegA to nahIM, koI cir3hAegA to nahIM, koI merI nindA to nahIM karegA, mujha para jurmAnA to nahIM karegA - aisI zaMkAe~ sarvadA pApakartA ke mana meM AtI rahatI haiN| isIlie vaha kiye hue pApakArya ko chipAnA cAhatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pApa karate samaya usa vyakti ko mana hI mana bhaya, pazcAttApa aura duHkha hotA rahatA hai| yadyapi usane aise bhAva prakaTa nahIM kiye, phira bhI mana meM pApa kA zalya cubhatA hI rahatA hai| puNyakArya karane vAle vyakti ke mana meM kabhI bhI bhaya,

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128 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva zoka, cintA, pazcAttApa Adi utpanna nahIM hote| isI se pratyeka vyakti yaha anumAna lagA sakatA hai ki puNya-pApa meM kyA antara hai|66 jo antara dhUpa aura chAyA meM hai vahI puNya aura pApa meM bhI hai| vrata tathA tapa jaisA puNya zreSTa hai kyoMki isase svarga kI prApti hotI hai| isake viparIta avrata tathA atapa se nikRSTa koI pApa nahIM hai kyoMki inase naraka kI prApti hotI __ hetu aura kArya kI vizeSatA ke kAraNa puNya aura pApa meM aMtara hai, kyoMki puNya kA hetu zubha hai aura pApa kA hetu azubha hai| puNya kA hetu paropakAra hai to pApa kA hetu parapIr3A hai| isa saMbaMdha meM eka subhASita prasiddha hai - aSTAdazapurANeSu vyAsasya vcndvym|| paropakAraH puNyAya, pApAya parapIDanam / / vyAsa muni ne aThAraha purANoM kI racanA kI hai| pratyeka manuSya una saba ko par3ha nahIM sktaa| isalie vyAsajI ne Upara uddhRta zloka meM do hI vAkyoM meM aThAraha purANoM kA sAra batA diyA hai - ___ 'paropakAra hI puNya hai, aura parapIr3A hI pApa hai|' isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana se pApa aura puNya kA aMtara spaSTa hotA hai| pApa kI heyatA bhAratIya darzana aura dharmazAstra meM pApa ke saMbaMdha meM bahuta kucha likhA gayA hai| kyoMki bhAratIya saMskRti dharmapradhAna saMskRti hai| isa saMskRti meM karma se dharma ko tathA pApa se puNya ko jyAdA mahattva diyA gayA hai| isIlie bhAratIya saMskRti ke samasta vicArakoM ne apane-apane dRSTikoNa se pApa ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra prakaTa kiye haiN| kahane kI paddhati saba kI alaga-alaga hote hue bhI sArAMza saba kA eka hI hai| vaha yaha ki pApa ko sabhI ne burA kahA hai| azubha kahA hai| pApa hI manuSya ko patana ke garta meM le jAne vAlA hai| pApa hI naraka kA dvAra hai| pApa manuSya ko duHkha dene vAlA hai isalie manuSya ko pApa kA tyAga karanA caahie| jaina-darzana ke anusAra jo karma vipAka-avasthA meM atyaMta jaghanya, bhayaMkara, rudra, bhayabhIta karane vAlA aura tIvra duHkha dene vAlA hai, vaha pApa hai| rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoM se pApa-karma hote haiN| vastutaH yaha manuSya kI nIca pravRtti kA dyotaka hai| usakI zubha pravRtti ke viruddha AMdolana hai| pApAnava jIva ke azubha kArya se hotA jo pApa-karma se DaratA hai, vaha anya kisI se nahIM DaratA arthAt vaha cAroM ora se nirbhaya hotA hai| isake viparIta jo pApa-karma karane se nahIM DaratA use dUsare hajAroM bhaya hote haiN|68 / manuSya ko sukha priya hotA hai aura duHkha apriya hotA hai| sukha kI prApti puNya se hotI hai aura duHkha kI prApti pApa se hotI hai| isalie pApa kA parityAga __ kara puNya kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| paraMtu yaha kitanA vicitra hai ki mAnava ko

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129 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jisakA phala priya hai, usakA karma priya nahIM aura jisakA phala priya nahIM, usakA karma priya hai| mAnava puNya ke phala kI icchA karatA hai lekina puNya kA AcaraNa nahIM krtaa| sAtha hI pApa ke phala kI icchA nahIM karatA lekina hamezA pApa kA AcaraNa karatA rahatA hai| jIva jaba duSkRtya karatA hai taba pApakarma ke pudgala AkRSTa hokara AtmA se cipakate haiN| ye karma jaba udita hote haiM, taba jIva ko duHkha hotA hai| isa prakAra jIva kA duHkha svanirmita hai| pApa-karma ke udaya se jaba duHkha utpanna hotA hai, taba manuSya ko zoka nahIM karanA caahie| udita hue kamoM ke phala zAnti se bhogane para karma kA kSaya hotA hai| jIva jaise karma karatA hai, vaise phala bhogane hI par3ate haiN| jisa prakAra dhAge vastra-nirmiti ke kAraNa hote haiM, usI prakAra puNya-karma sukhotpatti aura pApa-karma duHkhotpatti ke kAraNa hote haiN| puNya mitra ke samAna sumArga para le jAtA hai jabaki pApa durjana ke samAna kumArga para le jAtA hai, isalie pApa kA tyAga kara puNya kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| pApa kaba hotA hai? pApa kI kAlimA manuSya ke jIvana ko andhakAramaya aura kAlA banA detI hai| isalie prazna uThatA hai -"pApa kyA hai? yaha kaba hotA hai?" eka bAta pracalita hai ki strI kA sauMdarya dekhanA pApa hai, sinemA-nATaka dekhanA pApa hai| kAnoM se madhura saMgIta sunanA pApa hai| kisI eka cIja ko khAnA pApa hai, koI eka prakAra kA kArya karanA pApa hai, indriyoM ko viSayabhoga kI tarapha le jAnA pApa hai aura iMdriyoM ko niyaMtraNa meM rakhanA dharma hai| isalie logoM ne, jo A~kha strI ke sauMdarya ko dekhatI haiM, unhe phor3a DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA, jo kAna vikAravardhaka saMgIta sunate haiM, unameM saI DAlakara unheM baMda karane kI koziza kii| isI prakAra jo-jo indriya viSaya-bhoga kI ora mur3IM unheM naSTa karane kA prayatna kiyaa| jaina-darzana ne bhI pApa ko chor3ane ke lie kahA hai| vyakti ko jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie sarvaprathama pApa kA tyAga karanA caahie| paraMtu jaina-darzana aura jaina-paramparA ke vicArakoM ne indriyoM ke nAza kI bAta nahIM kahI kyoMki pApa indriya meM aura indriya ke viSaya meM nahIM hai| isalie pApa kA parityAga karane se pahale yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki pApa kaba hotA hai aura usakA bandha kisa taraha hotA hai ? A~khoM ke sAmane koI suMdara rUpa AtA hai aura A~kheM use dekhatI haiM, kAnoM kA sparza karake koI madhura dhvani kAnoM meM praveza karatI hai, jilA khAdya-padArtha kA svAda letI hai, nAka sugandha aura durgandha ko grahaNa karatI hai, tvacA sukomala aura kaThora padArtha kA sparza kara komalatA aura kaThoratA kA grahaNa karatI hai, kyoMki pratyeka indriya kA svabhAva hI aisA hai ki vaha apane viSaya ko grahaNa karatI

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hai| kevala dekhane se, sunane se, svAda lene se, sa~ghane se aura sparza karane se pApa nahIM lgtaa| kyoMki ye sAre padArtha jar3a haiM aura inakA grahaNa karane vAlI indriyA~ bhI jar3a haiM, paudgalika haiN| pudgala dvArA pudgala ko grahaNa karanA pApa nahIM hai| pApa aura puNya pudgagala meM nahIM hotaa| jar3a meM jar3atva rahatA hai, cetanA nahIM rhtii| agara pudgala kA pudgala se saMyoga honA athavA indriya dvArA apane viSaya kA grahaNa karanA pApa hai, aisA mAna liyA jAye to vizva meM koI bhI vyakti niSpApa nahIM raha sktaa| vItarAga sarvajJa deva bhI devoM dvArA racita samavazaraNa (sabhAmaNDapa) meM suvarNa aura sphaTika ratnoM ke siMhAsana para baiThakara pravacana dete haiN| devAMganAe~ aura devatA unake sAmane nRtya karate haiM tathA gIta gAte haiN| unakI A~khoM ke sAmane rUpa bhI AtA hai, kAnoM dvArA madhura saMgIta kI dhvani sunAyI detI hai, zarIra suvarNa siMhAsana kA sparza karatA hai| ina saba ke kAraNa kyA unheM pApa lagatA hai? nahIM, kyoMki indriyoM kA padArtha se saMyoga honA pApa nahIM hai| rAga-dveSa karanA pApa hai| vItarAga ko pApa-puNya kA bandha nahIM hotA kyoMki unameM rAga-dveSa nahIM hotaa| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki pApa padArtha meM na hokara rAga-dveSa meM hai| satya to yaha hai ki strI athavA anya kisI bhI padArtha ke sauMdarya ko dekhakara yadi kisI ke mana meM vAsanA jAgrata huI, usake lie Asakti aura anurAga utpanna huA, athavA kurUpa strI aura kurUpa vastu dekhakara mana meM dveSabhAva jAgrata huA to vaha pApa hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki rAga, dveSa, vAsanA Adi vikAramUlaka arthAt pApa haiN| indriyoM dvArA viSaya kA grahaNa karate samaya jaba taka usake sAtha mana kA saMyoga nahIM hotA, mana meM rAga-dveSa utpanna nahIM hotA taba taka pApa bhI nahIM lgtaa| kevala dekhane se pApabandha nahIM hotA, pApabandha ke kAraNa haiM - viSaya-vAsanA, vikAra-bhAvanA, bhogecchA, Asakti aura raag-dvess| isalie iMdriyoM kA damana karane se aura unheM naSTa karane se samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hotA, kyoMki vAsanA, tRSNA, AkAMkSA aura bhoga kI icchA - ye indriyoM meM nahIM haiM apitu mana meM haiN| isalie vAsanA, icchA aura tRSNA para saMyama rakhane se pApa nahIM lgegaa| pAzcAtya vidvAn horesa ne kahA hai - ___"Govern your passions, otherwise they will govern you". agara tumheM pApa se dUra rahanA hai to vAsanA aura vikAra para saMyama rakho, anyathA ve tuma para hAvI ho jAyeMge tathA sattA ko prasthApita kara deNge| zivAnanda jI ne bhI kahA hai ki AkAMkSA aura tRSNA hI janma-maraNa kA mUla hai - "Desire is the rootecause of birth and death". samasta vivecana kA tAtparya yaha hai ki pApa padArtha meM na hokara rAga, dveSa aura tRSNA meM hai| isalie kevala padAthoM kA tyAga karanA tyAga nahIM hai apitu unameM hone vAlI Asakti, mamatA, vAsanA aura vikArI bhAvanA kA tyAga karanA

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva caahie| yahI Adarza tyAga hai| aisA tyAga hI vyakti ko pApa se bacAtA hai, ghora patana se usakA saMrakSaNa karatA hai aura aMdhakAra se use dUra rakhatA hai| dravyapApa aura bhAvapApa jisake udgama se duHkha kI prApti hotI hai aura AtmA zubha kArya se pRthak rahatA hai, use pApa kahate haiN| usake do bheda haiM - (1) dravyapApa aura (2) bhaavpaap| (1) dravyapApa - jisa karma ke udaya se jIva duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai, vaha dravyapApa hai| (2) bhAvapApa . jIva ke azubha pariNAma ko bhAvapApa kahate haiN| pApa kI azubha prakRti aura azubha yoga se pApa kA bandha hotA hai|" pApa ke anya do bheda puNya ke samAna hI pApa ke bhI anya do bheda batAye gaye haiM - (1) pApAnubandhI pApa evaM (2) puNyAnubandhI paap| jisa pApa ko bhogate samaya nayA pApa bar3hatA hai, vaha pApAnubaMdhI pApa hai| jisa prakAra kasAI, kolI Adi ne pUrvajanma meM pApa kiyA hotA hai isalie unheM isa janma meM daridratA Adi kaSTa bhogane par3ate haiN| aura ina pApoM ko bhogate samaya ve naye pApoM kA baMdha karate haiM, isalie vaha pApAnubaMdhI pApa hai| jisa pApa ko bhogate samaya nayA puNyopArjana hotA hai, use puNyAnubaMdhI pApa kahate haiN| jo jIva pUrvajanma meM kie huye pApa ke kAraNa isa janma meM daridratA Adi duHkha bhoga rahe haiM, paraMtu jo satsaMga Adi kAraNoM se vivekapUrNa kArya karake puNyopArjana kara rahe haiM, use puNyAnubaMdhI pApa kahate haiN| pApa ke aThAraha bheda pApa ke kAraNa aneka haiM, tathApi pApa ke aThAraha kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| inheM pApasthAna bhI kahate haiM aura pApa ke aThAraha bheda bhI kahate haiN| __ pApa ke nimnalikhita aThAraha bheda haiM . (1) prANAtipAta (7) mAna (13) abhyAkhyAna (2) mRSAvAda (8) mAyA (14) paizunya (3) adattAdAna (6) lobha (15) paraparivAda (4) maithuna (10) rAga (16) rati-arati (5) parigraha (11) dveSa (17) mAyAmRSAvAda (6) krodha (12) kalaha (18) mithyAdarzanazalya

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132 (1) prANAtipAta kisI bhI jIva ko duHkha denA prANAtipAta - pApa hai / (2) mRSAvAda (3) adattAdAna ko grahaNa karanA vastu (4) maithuna hai / - - - (5) parigraha usameM Asakti rakhanA parigraha pApa hai / (6) krodha * - - asatya bolanA aura asatya AcaraNa karanA mRSAvAda - pApa hai / corI karanA aura mAlika ke dvArA die binA kisI bhI adattAdAna - pApa hai / abrahmacarya, kuzIla sevana tathA brahmacarya kA pAlana na karanA maithuna (7) mAna ahaMkAra karanA, citta kI komalatA kA na honA aura vinaya kA abhAva honA mAna - pApa hai| (12) kalaha kalaha pApa hai ' - - * (8) mAyA mAyA- pApa hai I (6) lobha karane kA prayAsa karanA lobha pApa hai 1 jaina darzana ke nava tattva jIvoM kI hiMsA karanA, prANiyoM kA vadha karanA tathA dhana Adi dravya kA mamatva, dhana-dhAnyAdi kA saMgraha karanA aura krodha karanA tathA zAnti na rakhanA krodha-pApa hai / (10) rAga Asakti bhAva rakhanA tathA manojJa vastu se sneha rakhanA rAga - pApa hai / mAyA aura lobha se rAga utpanna hotA hai / (11) dveSa krodha aura mAna se dveSa utpanna hotA hai / kapaTa karanA, chala-prapaMca karanA, kisI ko pha~sAnA tathA kaTutA - lAlasA, tRSNA aura dhana-dhAnya Adi vastu jyAdA se jyAdA prApta vaira-virodha karanA tathA amanojJa vastu se dveSa karanA dveSa - pApa hai jhagar3A karanA, kleza karanA aura zAnti na rakhanA hI kisI vyakti para jhUThe doSa lagAnA, jhUThe kalaMka (13) abhyAkhyAna lagAnA, dUsare ke doSa prakaTa karanA abhyAkhyAna - pApa hai| (14) paizunya dUsare ko bhalA-burA kahanA tathA kisI ke bhI doSa prakaTa karate rahanA paizunya - pApa hai / - 1 * (15) paraparivAda - dUsare kI nindA karanA, dUsare kA burA karanA aura jhUThe doSa lagAnA paraparivAda - pApa hai / (16) rati-arati bure karma meM aura pApa meM mana lagAnA, dhyAna-saMyama- tapa Adi dharma kAryoM meM ruci na rakhanA ( mana na lagAnA) athavA iMdriyoM ke manojJa viSaya prApta kara prasanna honA aura amanojJa viSaya se duHkhI honA rati- arati - pApa hai (17) mAyAmRSAvAda ( mAyAmosau ) 1 kapaTa - sahita jhUTha bolanA mAyAmRSAvAda - pApa hai /

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133 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (18) mithyAdarzana-zalya * tattva ko atattva mAnanA, atattva ko tattva mAnanA, kudeva, kudharma, kuguru aura kuzAstra para zraddhA rakhanA, sudeva, suguru tathA sudharma para zraddhA na honA, arthAt viparIta zraddhA rakhanA mithyAdarzanazalya-pApa hai|3 pApa ke uparyukta aThAraha bhedoM ko aThAraha pApasthAna kahA gayA hai| vastutaH ye pApa ke bheda na hokara pApa-baMdha ke hetuoM ke bheda haiN| ye aThAraha pApa-baMdhoM ke nimitta kAraNa haiM, parantu inheM aupacArika rUpa se pApa kahA gayA hai| ye aThAraha pApa karane se jIva meM jar3atA AtI hai| ina aThAraha pApoM ke tyAga se jIva meM halkApana AtA hai| yahI bAta bhagavatIzAstra ke navama zataka meM gautama svAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchI hai - "he bhagavan! jIva gurutva bhAva ko zIghra kaise prApta karatA hai ?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA - "he gautama! prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha pApa karane se jIva ko gurutva bhAva prApta hotA hai|" punaH zrIgautama svAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA - "bhagavan! jIva zIghra laghutva (halkApana) kaise prApta karatA hai ?" ___bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA - "prANAtipAta Adi aTAraha pApoM ke tyAga se jIva ko halkApana prApta hotA hai|" bhagavAn mahAvIra gautama svAmI se kahate haiM - "he gautama! ye aThAraha pApasthAna saMsAra ke paribhramaNa ko dIrghakAlika karate haiM, usameM vRddhi karate haiM aura unake kAraNa jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| isake viparIta, inake tyAga se jIva usa paribhramaNa ko alpakAlika karatA hai, kama karatA hai aura isa saMsAra ke AvAgamana ke cakra se pAra ho jAtA hai| saMsAra-sAgara se pAra hone ke lie caturvidha arthAt samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra aura samyak tapa hI prazasta mArga hai| isake viparIta, pApAcaraNa jIva ko karma ke dvArA bhArI banAtA hai, usake saMsAra ke paribhramaNa meM vRddhi karatA hai aura isIlie yaha aprazasta mArga hai|74 pApa kA phala jo AtmA ko apavitra karate haiM, jinake kAraNa mAnava ko sukha aura samRddhi kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai aura jinake nimitta se mAnavamAtra duHkhI hotA hai - yahI pApa kA phala hai| yadyapi pApa karate samaya manuSya ko sukha kA AbhAsa hotA hai, parantu usakA phala bhogate samaya vaha atyanta duHkhI hotA hai| jisa prakAra puNya ke phala ke bayAlIsa (42) prakAra batAye gaye haiM, usI prakAra pApa ke phala ke bayAsI (82) prakAra batAye gaye haiN| pApa ke phala ke ye bayAsI prakAra nimnAMkita haiM - ___pA~ca jJAnAvaraNIya (5) (1) matijJAnAvaraNa . (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa (3) avadhijJAnAvaraNa (4) manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNa (5) kevalajJAnAvaraNa For Private & Personal Use Only .

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134 (1) nidrA (4) pracalApracalA (7) acakSudarzanAvaraNIya (1) asadanIya (1) mithyAtvamohanIya (3) anantAnubandhI mAna (5) anantAnubandhI lobha (7) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya mAna (E) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya lobha (11) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya mAna (13) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya lobha (15) saMjvalana mAna ( 17 ) saMjvalana lobha (1) hAsya ( 4 ) bhaya (7) strIveda (1) narakagati ( 4 ) dvIndriya jaina darzana ke nava tattva nau darzanAvaraNIya ( 6 ) (2) nidrAnidrA (5) styAnagRddhinidrA (8) avadhidarzanAvaraNIya eka vedanIya (1) (7) RSabhanArAca saMhanana (10) kilikA saMhanana chabbIsa mohanIya (26) nau kaSAya : (2) rati (5) zoka (8) puruSaveda (2) anantAnubandhI krodha (4) anantAnubandhI mAyA (6) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya krodha (8) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya mAyA (10) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya krodha (12) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya mAyA (14) saMjvalana krodha (16) saMjvalana mAyA eka AyuSya (1) narakAyuSya (34) cauMtIsa nAmakarma (2) tiryaMcagati (5) trIndriya (12) nyagrodhaparimaNDala saMsthAna (13) sAdi - saMsthAna (15) kubja - saMsthAna (18) azubha gandha pA~ca saMhanana (8) nArAca saMhanana (11) cheTTa (sevArta) saMhanana pA~ca saMsthAna evaM cAra aprazastaM (21) narakAnupUrvI, (22) tiryacAnupUrvI (16) huNDaka - saMsthAna (16) azubha rasa do AnupUrvI (3) pracalA (6) cakSudarzanAvaraNIya (6) kevaladarzanAvaraNIya (3) arati (6) jugupsA (6) napuMsaka veda (3) ekendriya (6) caturindriya ( 6 ) ardhanArAca saMhanana varNAdi (14) vAmana - saMsthAna (17) azubha varNa (20) azubha sparza

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135 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva eka vihAyogati (23) calane kI azubha gati sthAvara-dazaka (24) sthAvara nAma (25) sUkSma nAma (26) aparyApta nAma (27) sAdhAraNa nAma (28) asthira nAma (26) azubha nAma (30) durgama nAma (31) duHsvara nAma (32) anAdeya nAma (33) ayazokIrti nAma eka nIca gotrakarma (34) nIca gotra pA~ca antarAya karma (5) (1) dAnAntarAya (2) lAbhAntarAya (3) bhogAntarAya (4) upabhogAntarAya (5) vIryAntarAya isa prakAra pApa kA phala bayAsI (82) prakAra kA hai| ina bayAsI bhedoM se pApa kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| pApa heya hai tathA AtmA ko kaluSita karane vAlA (2)lA pApa-puNya kI kalpanA ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM ke vicAra kisI bhI AvaraNa se AcchAdita kiyA jAye to bhI pApa sadaiva pApa hI hotA hai| saMsArameM durbala aura daridra honA pApa hai| - premacandra eka pApa bAda ke pApa ke dvAra kholakara rakhatA hai| pApa eka prakAra kA a~dherA hai jo jJAna kA prakAza par3ane se naSTa hotA hai|- ajJAta pApa kI bakhzIza mRtyu hai| - svAmI rAmatIrtha pApa se dveSa karo, pApI se nhiiN| jahA~ mithyAbhimAna hai, vahA~ pApa hai| jisa prakAra bhArI bhojana peTa meM pahu~cane para takalIpha hotI hai, usI prakAra pApa bhale hI svayaM ko aniSTakArI nahIM lage to bhI putra tathA prapautra taka usakA prabhAva hotA hai| __ pApa karane kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jaba vaha udita hotA hai, tabhI usakI ginatI pApa meM hotI hai| pApa kA vicAra bhI yadi hamAre mana meM A jAye, to bhI vaha pApa hI hotA hai| prANaghAta, corI tathA vyabhicAra ye tIna zArIrika pApa haiN| jhUTa bolanA, nindA karanA, kaTu vacana aura vyartha bhASaNa ye cAra vANI ke pApa haiN| para dhana kI icchA; dUsare kI burAI kA cintana karanA; asatya, hiMsA, dayA-dAna ke bAre meM aMdhazraddhA - ye mAnasika pApa haiN| - bhagavAn buddha Not failure but low aim is a crime. asaphalatA nahIM, varan nikRSTa dhyeya pApa hai| - TenIsana -mahAtmA gAMdhI

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ajJAna ke kAraNa jo pApa hotA hai usakA prAyazcitta yaha hai ki paramAtmA use kSamA karatA hai, paraMtu jAnabUjhakara jo pApa kiyA jAtA hai, usase kaise bacA jA sakatA - zaraccandra (kAzInAtha) pApa chupAne se bar3hatA hai| - zaratcandra (virAjabAhu) apanA karttavya karane se pahale, dUsare ke karttavya kI icchA karane se pApa hotA hai| saMsAra meM jitane pApa haiM unameM se sabase bar3A pApa hai manuSya kI dayA para atyAcAra krnaa| jisa prakAra agni agni ko nahIM bujhAtI, usI prakAra pApa pApa kA zamana nahIM krtaa| - TAlasTAya Poverty and wealth are comparative sins. daridratA aura sampatti donoM samAna pApa haiN| ___- kviTara hyUgo pApa kA phala duHkha nahIM, paraMtu eka dUsarA pApa hai| - jayazaMkara prasAda pApa meM par3anA mAnavIya svabhAva hai kintu usameM magna rahanA rAkSasI svabhAva hai| usa para duHkhI honA saMta-svabhAva hai aura saba pApoM se mukta honA IzvarIya svabhAva hai| - laoNngaphailo pApa meM girane vAlA jo manuSya pApa karane para pazcAttApa karatA hai vaha sAdhu aura jo pApa ke lie abhimAna karatA hai, vaha zaitAna / - kulara putreSu vA naptRSu vA na cedAtmani pshyti| phalatyeva dhruvaM pApaM gurubhuktmivodre|| - vedavyAsa kAyena kurute pApaM manasA saMpradhArya tt| anRtaM jiyA cAha trividhaM krmpaatkm| avazyameva labhate phalaM pApasya karmaNaH / bhartaH paryAgate kAle kartA nAstyatra saMzayaH / / - vAlmIki manuSya asatyarUpa pApa kA prathamataH mana meM vicAra karatA hai, bAda meM zarIra dvArA prakaTa karatA hai aura jihvA se kahatA hai, taba mAnasika, kAyika aura vAcika tIna prakAra kA pAtaka hotA hai|06 -lokamAnya tilaka ___ eka bAra eka ziSya ne gurujI se pApa ke bAre meM puuchaa| taba gurujI ne uttara diyA - "jisa kArya ko karate samaya aura karane ke bAda mana bhayabhIta hokara lajjA aura glAni se bhara jAtA hai, usa kRtya ko pApa kahate haiN|" puNya ke bAre meM pUchane para gurujI ne kahA, "jisa kRtya ko karate samaya mana meM Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai aura anta meM ullAsa, AhlAda aura prasannatA AtI hai, use puNya kahate haiN|" __pApa durgandha ke samAna zIghra phailatA hai, paraMtu puNya sugandha ke samAna dhIre-dhIre phailatA hai| durgandha se jIva asvastha hotA hai, paraMtu sugaMdha se prasanna ho jAtA hai|

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137 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pApa prasaraNazIla hai, paraMtu puNya saMkocazIla hai| mAnava karmamaya hai| isa loka meM jaise karma kie jAte haiM, vaise hI phala paraloka meM milate haiM arthAt acche karma kA phala acchA aura bure karma kA phala burA milatA hai| kratumayaH puruSo, yathAkraturasmi~lloke puruSo bhavati tathetaH pretya bhvti| acchA AcaraNa karane vAle acchI yoni meM jAte haiM aura burA AcaraNa karane vAle burI yoni meM jAte haiN| ya iha ramaNIya caraNA abhyAso ha yatte ramaNIyAM yonimaa-pdyern| ___ yaha iha kapUyacaraNa abhyAso ha yatte kapUyAM yonimA-padyeran / / puNya-karma se jIva puNyAtmA (pavitra) banatA hai aura pApAtmA malina hotA hai| 'puNyo vai puNyena karmaNA bhavati, pApaH paapen|' zubha (satkarma) karma karane vAlA zubha phala prApta karatA hai aura pApa (azubha duSkarma) karane vAlA azubha phala prApta karatA hai - zubhakRcchubhamApnoti paapkRtpaapshnute|| pApa-kalpanA viSayaka aura puNya-kalpanA viSayaka aneka vidvAnoM ke matoM ko aba taka prastuta kiyA gyaa| pratyeka vidvAn kI bhASA aura zailI ke svataMtra aura alaga-alaga hone para bhI, unake matoM kA sarvasAmAnya tAtparya eka hI nikalatA hai| vaha yaha ki pApa burA hai aura puNya acchA hai| duSkRtya kA aMtima pariNAma pApa aura satkRtya kA aMtima pariNAma puNya hai| pApa klezakAraka hai ataH mAnava ko usase parAvRtta honA hai aura puNya sukhadAyI hai ataH use prayatnapUrvaka apanA banA lenA hai, isI meM manuSya-jIvana kI sArthakatA hai| puNya-pApa kA astittva kucha loga kahate haiM - "kaisA puNya aura kaisA pApa ? kucha bhI nahIM hai| Eat, drink and be merry. khAnA, pInA aura mauja karanA hI jIvana hai|" cArvAka kahate haiM - 'jaba taka jIo sukha se jiio| karja lo aura ghI piio| isa deha ke bhasma hone para punaH Agamana kaise hogA? isalie pApa-puNya ityAdi kucha nahIM hai| isI mata kA nirdeza karate hue sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki zAstrokta anuSThAna se utpanna hone vAlA sukha Adi phalarUpa puNya nahIM hai aura niSiddha karma se utpanna hone vAlA naraka Adi phalarUpa pApa nahIM hai| isa loka se paraloka alaga nahIM hai| isa zarIra kA vinAza hone para AtmA kA bhI vinAza hotA hai| isalie puNya-pApa ityAdi kucha bhI nahIM hai|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva zAstrakAroM ke mata meM uparyukta kathana ucita nahIM hai| puNya hai aura pApa bhI hai| usakA phala bhI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA hai ki yaha mata samajho ki puNya aura pApa nahIM haiM, balki yaha samajho ki puNya aura pApa haiM hI / " uttarAdhyayana sUtra aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM navatattvoM kA ullekha milatA hai / vahA~ tIsarA tattva puNya aura cauthA tattva pApa kahA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM puNya aura pApa ko dvandvatattva mAnA gayA hai arthAt ye donoM paraspara virodhI tattva haiM / jahA~ puNya hai, vahA~ pApa nahIM hai aura jahA~ pApa hai, vahA~ puNya nahIM hai| jahA~ aMdhakAra hai, vahA~ prakAza nahIM hai / jahA~ prakAza hai, vahA~ aMdhakAra nahIM hai / jahA~ uSNatA hai, vahA~ zItalatA nahIM hai aura jahA~ zItalatA hai, vahA~ uSNatA nahIM hai / ke kAraNa isake viparIta kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM ki dhana-sampatti puNya milatI haiN| putra puNya se milatA hai / parantu yaha mata bhI sarvathA satya nahIM hai kyoMki putra yA kanyA prApta hone tathA dhana- vaibhava prApta hone kA kAraNa puNya nahIM hai| yadi putra puNya kA phala hai aisA mAna liyA jAtA to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bhakta zreNika se pUchA gayA ta " apane putra koNika ke janma se Apa puNyavAn bane yA pApI ?" 138 - zreNika ne uttara diyA hotA, "koNika kA janma mere pApa ke kAraNa huaa| kyoMki koNika ne rAjya ke lobha se apane pitA zreNika ko kArAgRha meM bandI banAyA thA / " mugala bAdazAha zAhajahA~ ke sAta putra aura eka kanyA jahA~ArA thI / usake eka putra auraMgajeba ne rAjyaprApti ke lie use kaida kiyA thA aura putrI jahA~ArA ne bhoga-upabhoga kA tyAga kara AjIvana vivAhita rahakara apane pitA kI mRtyu taka sevA kI thii| aba vicAra kIjie ki puNya kA phala putra hai yA putrI ? sacamuca puNya kA phala vahI hai jo vyakti ko zAnti detA hai, sukha detA hai aura saba prakAra se sahayoga detA hai| . vipula dhana-vaibhava honA bhI puNya kI nizAnI nahIM hai| jaina-sa - sAdhu ke pAsa eka paisA bhI nahIM hotA to kyA usakA sAdhanAmaya jIvana pApa kA pariNAma hai? nahIM / bAhUya vaibhava ko puNyazAlI mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / vyakti ko jo sAdhana prApta huA, usase yadi mana meM zubha bhAvanA paidA huI aura acchA kArya karane kI vRtti jAgrata huI, to vaha sAdhana puNyAnubaMdhI puNya hai arthAt puNya ke kAraNa vaha prApta huA hai aura usa sAdhana se punaH puNya kA hI bandha hogA / jisa sAdhana kA upayoga bhoga-upabhoga meM aura dUsare ke ahita meM hotA hai, vaha pApAnubaMdhI puNya hai / vaha puNya pApa kA arjana karane vAlA hai| usa puNya se puNya kA nahIM, apitu pApa kA baMdha hotA hai| dhana, vaibhava, putra- parivAra kI prApti Adi bAhUya vaibhava meM puNya nahIM hai| ye to jar3a padArtha haiN| puNya to manuSya kI zubha bhAvanA meM nihita hai|

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139 jaina-darzana ke nava tantra kisI zUdra ke ghara meM do bAlakoM ne janma liyaa| eka kA pAlana-poSaNa brAhmaNa ke ghara meM huA aura dUsare kA pAlana-poSaNa zUdra ke ghara meM hI huaa| eka kahatA hai - "maiM brAhmaNa huuN| maiM madirA kA sparza nahIM kara sktaa|" isalie vaha madirA kA tyAga karatA hai| dUsarA kahatA hai - "maiM to zUdra hU~ isalie mujhe madirA se hI snAna karanA caahie|" isa prakAra vaha madirA ko pavitra mAnatA hai| vastutaH donoM hI janma se zUdra haiM parantu jAtibheda ke anusAra ve isa prakAra kI pravRtti rakhate haiN| usI prakAra puNya aura pApa donoM hI eka jaise haiN| phira bhI moha-dRSTi ke bhrama se ajJAnI jIva unameM bheda dekhakara puNya ko pavitra aura pApa ko apavitra samajhate haiN|02 sarvajJa devoM ne zubha aura azubha donoM koM ko bandha kA kAraNa kahA hai aura jJAna ko mokSa kA kAraNa kahA hai| jo samyak-dRSTi jIva hai usake lie puNya aura pApa donoM heya haiN| pApa ko pApa to sabhI mAnate haiM, paraMtu puNya ko pApa mAnane vAlA jJAnI viralA hI hotA hai|6 jo puNya kI icchA karatA hai, vaha saMsAra kI icchA karatA hai, kyoMki puNya sugati kA kAraNa hai kintu jo puNya kA bhI kSaya karatA hai, vaha mokSa prApta karatA hai| puNya-pApa kI kasauTI sAdhAraNa loga kahate haiM ki dAna, pUjana, sevA Adi kriyAe~ karane se zubha karma (puNya) kA bandha hotA hai aura kisI ko kaSTa dene, icchA ke viruddha kAma karane Adi se azubha karma (pApa) kA bandha hotA hai| paraMtu puNya-pApa kA nirNaya karane kI yaha mukhya kasauTI nahIM hai| kAraNa yaha ki kisI ko kaSTa dene se aura dUsare kI icchA ke viruddha kAma karane se bhI puNya kA upArjana ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra dAna, pUjana, sevA Adi karane vAlA bhI kabhI-kabhI puNya kA upArjana nahIM karatA, apitu pApa bhI karatA hai| jaise - koI paropakArI, cikitsaka jaba kisI vyakti kI zalyakriyA karatA hai, taba usa rogI ko kaSTa avazya hotA hai| hitaiSI mAtA-pitA ajJAnI bAlaka ko usakI icchA ke viruddha sikhAne kA prayatna karate haiM, usa samaya usa bAlaka ko duHkha hotA hai| paraMtu ina donoM udAharaNoM meM - cikitsaka anucita kAma karane vAlA nahIM mAnA jAtA aura hita cAhane vAle mAtA-pitA bhI doSI nahIM samajhe jaate| isake viparIta jaba koI bhole logoM ko pha~sAne kI icchA se yA kisI tuccha Azaya se dAna-pUjana Adi kriyAe~ karatA hai, taba vaha puNya ke bajAya pApa hotA hai| isalie puNya-bandha yA pApa-bandha kI asalI kasauTI kevala Upara nirdiSTa kriyAe~ nahIM haiN| varan usakI asalI kasauTI kartA kA Azaya hI hai|

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140 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva acche Azaya se jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha puNya kA nimitta hai aura bare abhiprAya se jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pApa kA nimitta hai| puNya-pApa kI kasauTI saba ko eka jaisI svIkAra hai, kyoMki yaha siddhAnta sarvamAnya hai - 'yAdRzI bhAvanA yasya siddhirbhavati taadRshii|| sAdhAraNa loga samajhate haiM ki amuka kAma na karane para hameM puNya-pApa kA lepa nahIM lagatA isalie ve usa kAma ko chor3a dete haiN| paraMtu prAyaH unakI mAnasika kriyA nahIM chuutttii| ataH icchA hote hue bhI ve svayaM ko puNya-pApa ke lepa se mukta nahIM kara paate| isalie 'saccI nirlepatA kyA hai' isakA vicAra karanA caahie| lepa (bandha) mAnasika kSobha arthAt kaSAya ko kahate haiN| agara kaSAya nahIM hogA to Upara kI koI bhI kriyA AtmA ko baMdhana meM nahIM DAla sktii| isake viparIta agara kaSAya kA vega pravAhita ho rahA ho to bAhara se kiye gaye hajAroM prayatna bhI hameM baMdhana se nahIM bacA skte| kaSAyarahita vItarAga, sarvatra kIcar3a meM kamala kI taraha, nirlipta rahate haiN| paraMtu kaSAya-yukta AtmA yogI kI pozAka dhAraNa karake tilabhara bhI zuddhi nahIM kara sktaa| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki Asakti ko chor3akara jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bandhanakAraka nahIM hotA arthAt asalI nilepatA mAnasika kSobha ke tyAga meM hai| yahI bodha karma-zAstra meM prApta hotA hai aura yahI bAta anyatra bhI kahI gayI hai - mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH / bandhAya viSayA'saMgI mokSe nirviSayaM smRtm|| - maitryupaniSad manuSya kA mana hI bandha aura mokSa kA kAraNa hai jisakA mana viSaya meM Asakta hai, use baMdha hotA rahatA hai aura jo viSayarahita hai, use mokSa prApta hotA hai| isalie mAnavamAtra ko viSaya meM anAsakta hokara sarvaprathama apanA mana hI pavitra banAnA caahie| saMsAra meM jisakA mana alipta hai, vaha kabhI Asakta nahIM bntaa| puNya-pApa usakA sparza nahIM kara skte| aura aisA mAnava bhavasAgara pAra karake mokSa-zikhara para zIghra hI ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai| . anya dharmoM meM pApa-puNya __ pApa aura puNya nItizAstrIya aura dharmazAstrIya saMjJAe~ haiN| duSkRtya yA satkRtya karane se adRSTa yA apUrva jo viziSTa zaktiyA~ yA sAmarthya utpanna hotI haiM, unheM kramazaH 'pApa' aura 'puNya' kahate haiN| 'iSTAntarajanakaM puNyam' arthAt anya iSTa phala utpanna karane vAlA 'puNya' hotA hai athavA 'vihitAt iSTAt janyaM puNyam' arthAt vihita karma se jo utpanna hotA hai, vaha 'puNya' hai| aisI puNya kI vyAkhyAe~ milatI haiN| usI taraha aniSTa utpanna karane vAlA pApa hai athavA duSkRtya aura niSiddha karma karane se jo utpanna hotA hai, vaha 'pApa' hai| aisI pApa kI vyAkhyAe~ kI gayI haiN|

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141 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva koI duSkRtya jaba sAmAjika yA sarakArI niyamoM ke viruddha hotA hai, taba vaha gunAha yA aparAdha banakara daNDA banatA hai| jo kAnUna se daNDA nahIM hai parantu naitika dRSTi se duSkRtya hai 'vaha kRtya daNDanIya nahIM huA' isalie kartA usake phala se mukta hai, aisA nahIM hotaa| aise kRtya se jo adRSTa utpanna hotA hai, vahI pApa hai| pApa kI kalpanA meM mAnavIya niyamoM ke ullaghaMna kI apekSA IzvarIya niyamoM kA ullaghaMna hI abhipreta hai| __ jisa satkarma kA phala yahA~ nahIM milA, vaha satkarma khAlI gayA aisA mAnanA nItizAstriyoM kI aMtaHprajJA ko nahIM jmtaa| aise satkarma kA phala kartA ko ihaloka meM yA paraloka meM milatA hI hai| yahA~ ke satkarma aura usake phala ko jor3ane vAlI adRzya zakti hI puNya hai| pratyeka ko svakRta acche yA bure karma kA phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai| isIlie 'mRtyu ke bAda jIva kA kisI na kisI svarUpa meM astittva hai' jaise siddhAntoM ko svIkAra karane para pApa-puNya kI kalpanAe~ arthapUrNa ThaharatI haiN| adhikAMza dhamoM meM pApa-puNya kI kalpanA milatI hai| pApa meM bhI mahApApa aura kSudra yA kSullaka pApa jaise bheda kiye gaye haiN| kAtyAyana ne pApa ke mahApAtaka, atipAtaka, pAtaka, prAsaMgika pAtaka aura upapAtaka - ye pA~ca bheda batAye haiN| pApa ke kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika bheda bhI kiye jAte haiN| mahApApa kauna se haiM isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| corI, gurupatnI se vyabhicAra, brahmahatyA, surApAna, asatya-bhASaNa aura duSkRtya kA bAra-bAra AcaraNa ye mahApApa smRti meM batAye gaye haiN|68 chAndogya upaniSad meM caurya, brahamahatyA, gurupatnI se vyabhicAra aura madyapAna mahApApa haiM, aisA kahA gayA hai| caurya, hiMsA, paradAragamana - ye tIna kAyika pApa haiN| asatya, kaThoratA, paizunya (duSTatA) aura asaMbaddha bolanA - ye cAra vAcika pApa haiN| aura dUsare kI sampatti kI abhilASA, dUsare kA aniSTa-cintana, jhUThI bAtoM kA abhiniveza - ye tIna mAnasika pApa milAkara dazavidha pApakarma kahe gaye haiN| paropakAra puNya hai aura parapIr3A pApa hai isa artha kA subhASita prasiddha hI hai| islAma dharma meM bhI pApa ke 'sadhIra' arthAt kSullaka aura 'kabIra' arthAt mahApApa ye do varga mAne gaye haiN| pApa ke samAna puNya ke bhI kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika, sAtha hI mahat puNya yA mahApuNya aura kSullaka puNya aise bheda kie jA sakate haiN| 'manuSya pApa karane meM kyoM pravRtta hotA hai?' arjuna ke isa prazna kA uttara zrIkRSNa ne 'rajoguNa se utpanna kAma aura krodha rUpa mahAzatru manuSya ko pApakarma meM pravRtta karate haiN| isa prakAra diyA hai| parantu tattvajJAniyoM ko yaha uttara samAdhAna karane vAlA nahIM lgtaa| unakA prazna mAnasazAstrIya na hokara sattAzAstrIya hai| adhikAMza dharmoM meM "mAnava meM pApa-pravRtti kyoM?" isa prazna kA uttara 'apane mUla sthAna se cyuta hokara AtmA ko jIva-dazA jisa mUla pApa ke kAraNa prApta huI, usa

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142 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva mula pApa ke hI pariNAmasvarUpa mAnava meM janmajAta pApavRtti hotI hai' - yaha diyA jAtA hai| AtmA zuddha, buddha, mukta hokara bhI ajJAna se svayaM ko bA~dhakara jIvadazA taka pahu~catA hai aisA vedAnta kA kathana hai| IsAI dharma meM Adama aura Iva ne zaitAna ke caMgula meM pha~sakara viSayarUpI seba ko khAyA, yahI mUla pApa mAnava meM paraMparA se calatA AyA hai, aisA batAyA gayA hai| samasta uttara mUla prazna kA uttara na dekara, usa prazna ko sirpha pIche dhakelate rahate haiN| parantu Adama meM yA zaitAna meM yA AtmA ke mUla zuddha svarUpa meM mUla pApa-pravRtti kA udgama kyoM huA? yaha prazna anuttarita hI rahatA hai| pApa-kSAlana ke aneka upAya sabhI dharma-graMthoM meM pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| tIrthayAtrA, tIrtha-snAna, devadarzana, yajJa, upavAsa, vrata, dAna, paropakAra, prAyacitta, nAma-smaraNa, prArthanA, pazcAttApa aura pApa kA svIkAra yA pApa-karma kA uccAra tathA Izvara-zaraNAgati Adi aneka mAgoM dvArA pApa kI niSkRti kI jA sakatI hai| bhAgavat-sampradAya meM nAma-smaraNa aura Izvara-zaraNAgati ko bahuta mahattva diyA gayA hai| islAma dharma meM bhI, hararoja kI prArthanA samaya para karane se kSullaka pApa se mukti milatI hai, aisA kahA gayA hai| manusmRti Adi graMthoM meM tathA IsAI evaM islAmI dharma-graMthoM meM bhI pApa-nivedana aura pazcAttApa ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA parantu jaina-dharma kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isa dharma meM - mAnava mAtra kA pApa karma kA baMdha kama kaise ho sakatA hai? pApa-puNya kI asalI kasauTI kyA hai? aura viveka se kAma karane para mAnava pApa se kaise baca sakatA hai? yaha batAyA gayA ___ AdhyAtmika dRSTi se, sva-svarUpa ke pAsa yA Izvara ke pAsa le jAne vAlA kArya 'puNya' aura AtmasvarUpa se yA Izvara se dUra le jAne vAlA kArya 'pApa' kahalAtA hai, aisI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| yajJa, dAna, paropakAra Adi sAre puNyakarma svarga Adi bhoga-sukha dene vAle haiN| unakA phala bhI azAzvata hai| ye satkarma Izvara-svarUpa ke pAsa le jAne meM asamartha hone se, Upara nirdiSTa puNya kI vyAkhyA ke anusAra, 'puNya' nahIM kahe jA skte| isI prakAra caurya, vyabhicAra Adi 'pApa' bhI nahIM kahe jA skte| isalie vedAMtI unheM 'puNyAtmaka pApa' kahate haiM aura unheM 'pApAtmaka pApa' aura zuddha puNya' se alaga rakhate haiN| saMta jJAnezvara ne svarga meM le jAne vAle yA AtmasvarUpa ke pAsa le jAne vAle yA mokSa ke kAraNa ko 'zuddha puNya' kahA hai| svargA puNyAtmake pApe jaaije| pApAtmake pApe narakA jaaije| maga mAteM jeNeM paavije| te zuddha puNya / / - jJAnezvarI 6/316 uparyukta vivecana se, pApa aura puNya ina saMkalpanAoM kA svarUpa mukhyataH dhArmika hotA hai, yaha spaSTa hotA hai tathApi unakA Azaya bar3e paimAne para nItizAstrIya hai| sadguNa, zreya-yukta kartavya, icchA-svAtaMtrya Adi pramukha naitika

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143 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva saMkalpanAoM ke sAtha unakA atIva nikaTa kA saMbaMdha hai| bhAratIya tattvajJAna kA karma-siddhAnta bhI unase jur3A huA hai| saiddhAntika dRSTikoNa se dekhane para eka bAta dhyAna meM AtI hai, vaha yaha ki pApa-puNya kI kalpanAoM meM karma-phala kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| usakI upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai| isalie ye saMkalpanAe~ karttavyavAdI nItizAstra kI apekSA prayojanavAdI nItizAstra ke adhika najadIka haiN| anya sthAnoM para pApa aura puNya kA svarUpa dekhane para aisA lagatA hai ki jaina-darzana meM puNya-pApa ke sambandha meM jitanA vistRta aura suspaSTa vivecana milatA hai, utanA kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM detaa| jaina-darzana kA yaha vaiziSTaya hai ki prAHya sabhI viSaya para usakA atyaMta sUkSma aura vistRta vivecana dikhAI detA hai : puNya pApa dravyapuNya puNyAnubandhI puNya puNya ke nau bheda / dravyapApa pApAnubandhIpApa pApa ke bhAvapuNya pApAnubandhI puNya bhAvapApa puNyAnubandhIpApa aTAraha bheda (1) annapuNya (1) prANAtipAta (2) pAnapuNya (2) mRSAvAda (3) layanapuNya (3) adattAdAna (4) zayanapuNya (4) maithuna (5) vastrapuNya (5) parigraha (6) manapuNya (6) krodha (7) vacanapuNya (7) mAna (8) kAyapuNya (8) mAyA (E) namaskArapuNya (E) lobha (10) rAga (11) dveSa (12) kalaha (13) abhyAkhyAna (14) paizunya (15) paraparivAda (16) rati aura arati (17) mAyAmRSAvAda (15) mithyAdarzanazalya puNya -phala ke bayAlIsa bheda haiM tathA pApa-phala ke bayAsI (82) bheda haiN|

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144 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva viveka hI puNya hai jaina-zAstra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhaka ko lakSya karake kahA hai - "he sAdhaka! tU apanI kriyA kA tyAga mata kr| tujhe lagatA hai ki calane se pApa lagatA hai, sone se pApa lagatA hai, bolane se pApa lagatA hai| isalie khAnA-pInA banda karake, mauna dhAraNa karake eka sthAna para baiTha jaaeN| parantu he sAdhaka! yaha pApa se bacane kA mArga nahIM hai|" jaba taka mana, vacana aura kAyA kA yoga hai, taba taka kriyA banda nahIM ho sktii| zarIra aura vANI ko manuSya roka sakatA hai, paraMtu mana kI gati ko rokane meM manuSya samartha nahIM hai| zarIra sthira kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina mana sthira nahIM ho sakatA isalie niSkriya banane kI AvazyakatA hai, aisA nahIM hai| apitu Avazyaka yaha hai ki samasta kriyAe~ tathA samasta kArya sAvadhAnI se aura vivekapUrvaka kie jaaeN| isa prakAra jAgrata sAdhaka pApa se mukta rahatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM-"agara pApa se parAvRtta honA hai, to kriyA se dUra jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| basa aviveka se dUra rho| ajJAna se dUra rho| Asakti vAsanA, rAga, dveSa aura tRSNA se dUra rho|" vivekapUrvaka cAlie, khar3e rahie, vivekapUrvaka baiThie, vivekapUrvaka soiye vivekapUrvaka bhojana kIjie vivekapUrvaka bolie| vivekapUrvaka samasta kArya kiijie| phira pApa-karma nahIM hogaa| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM karma ke do bheda mAne gaye haiM- zubhakarma aura azubhakarma (jinheM kramazaH puNya aura pApa kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra gItA meM bhI karma ke do bheda mAne gae haiM, ve haiM pApa aura puNya / jaba arjuna ke samakSa acche aura bure svabhAva kA yA karma kA prazna upasthita hotA hai, taba usake mana meM zaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki pApa-puNya kA kAraNa kyA hai? aisI kauna-sI zakti hai jo manuSya ko zubha yA azubha kamoM kI ora AkarSita kara letI hai? isa prazna kA zrIkRSNa ne sAdA, sarala aura spaSTa uttara yaha diyA hai ki pratyeka ke svabhAva meM rajoguNa kA aMza hai| yaha guNa kAma-krodha ke rUpa meM spaSTa dikhAI detA hai aura pApa kI ora khIMca le jAtA hai| krodha vaha agni hai, jo aMtarmana meM hamezA dhadhakatI rahatI hai| vicAra karane para jitanA jJAna hotA hai utanA dUsare ke kahane se hameM nahIM hotaa| buddhivAdI, karmavAdI aura jJAnayogI ina sabhI ko krodharUpI zatru kA bhaya hamezA rahatA hai| ina donoM kI mukhya samasyA kAma aura krodha ko jIta lene kI hai| bhagavadgItA meM kAma aura krodha kA - pA~ca karmendriya, pA~ca jJAnendriya, pA~ca viSaya pA~ca mahAbhUta, mana aura buddhi itanA vizAla kSetra batAyA gayA hai| saba jagaha

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145 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva inakI zuddhi ke upAya karane caahie| isIlie gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM indriya-saMyama ucca jIvana ke sopAna kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| usa para kadama rakhe binA koI bhI Upara nahIM car3ha sktaa| jo vyakti anAsakta rahakara karma karatA hai, usake jIvana para karma kA kisI bhI prakAra se prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| gItA kA saMdeza hai ki karma karate rahie paraMtu karma-phala meM Asakta mata rahie jo vyakti karma-phala meM anAsakta rahatA hai, vahI pUNya aura pApa se nirlipta rahatA hai tathA ina sabhI kA tyAga kara arthAt karma-akarma, puNya-pApa se dUra rahakara mokSa prApta karatA hai| __ jaina-darzana meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki yadi mokSa-prApti kI icchA ho to kisI bhI phala meM Asakta na hokara karmAkarma aura puNya-pApa ina saba kA tyAga karanA caahie| inakA tyAga karane ke pazcAt hI mokSa-prApti ho sakatI hai bhAratIya saMskRti ke sabhI dharmoM meM puNya-pApa ke saMbaMdha meM mAnyatAe~ tathA mokSa-viSayaka cintana karIba-karIba eka jaisA hai| paraMtu jaina-dharma kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki puNya-pApa ke viSaya meM yA dUsare kisI bhI tattva ke viSaya meM jitanA spaSTIkaraNa jaina-darzana meM milatA hai,utanA anya kisI bhI darzana meM nahIM miltaa| puNya aura pApa kA jJAna jIvana meM atIva prabhAvakArI hotA hai| jisa manuSya ko puNya aura pApa ke rahasya kA jJAna hotA hai, usakA aMtarbAhya jIvana hI badala jAtA hai| aisA vyakti azubha karma ko bhI zubhakArya meM rUpAntarita kara sakatA hai| jina-jina bAtoM se mUDha-ajJAnI manuSya samajhate hue yA na samajhate hue pApa kA upArjana karatA hai unhIM bAtoM se yaha pApa-puNya ke rahasya ko jAnakAra puNya kA upArjana karatA hai| jisa vastu se sAdhAraNa manuSya pApa kA upArjana karatA hai, usI vastu se pApa-puNyajJa vyakti puNya kA upArjana karatA hai| vanaspatiyA~ oNksIjana chor3atI haiN| unake dvArA chor3I gayI oNksIjana ko mAnava zvasana dvArA grahaNa karatA hai| usa oNksIjana kA upayoga svayaM ke jIvana ke lie karake usase nirmita kArbana DAya-AksAiDa, mAnava vAtAvaraNa meM chor3a detA hai| vanaspatiyA~ use jIvanopayogI hone se grahaNa karatI haiN| isa prakAra jIvanacakra nisarga meM akhaNDa rUpa se calatA rahatA hai| isa jIvana-cakra ke samAna hI pApa-puNya kA jAnakAra vyakti puNya-pAparUpI oNksIjana aura kArbana DAya-oNksAiDa meM se kevala puNyarUpI oNksIjana ko grahaNa karatA hai| puNya kA saccA Akalana hone se vyakti kA sarvadA ke lie samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| puNya ke prabhAva aura pApa ke duSpariNAma ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pratyeka ko puNya-pApa kA rahasya samajhakara, puNya ko saMcita karanA cAhie aura pApa se parAvRtta honA caahie| aura jaba pratyakSa mokSa-prApti kA svarNima kSaNa Aye, taba puNya evaM

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pApa ina donoM kI zrRMkhalAoM se alipta hokara, mokSa-prApti kara jIvana ko sArthaka karanA caahie| sandarbha w bh sh bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 3, pR. 507 ubhayamapi pAratantryahetutvAdaviziSTamiti ceta, na, iSTAniSTanimittabhedAttadbhedasiddheH / 6 / syAnmatam - yathA nigaDasya . kanakamayasyAyasasya -------tatra zubho yogaH puNyasyAnavaH azubhaH pApasya / ekanAtha bhAruDa - 'surI sonyAcI jhAlI mhaNUna kA urIca mArAvI? __ zrI. bra. zItalaprasAdajI-paMcAstikAya-TIkA - bhAga 2, gA. 153, 161, pR. 127, 128 so vaNNiyamhi NiyalaM baMdhadi kAlayasaM ca jaha purisN| baMdhadi evaM jIvaM suhamasuhaM vA kadaM kammaM / / 153 / / paramaTaTabAhirA je te aNNANeNa punnnnmicchti| saMsAragamanaherdU vimokkhahernu ayANaMtA / / 161 / / upAdhyAya amaramuni - sUktitriveNI - gA.73, pR. 240 hemaM vA AyasaM vA vi, baMdhaNaM dukkhkaarnnaa| mahagdhasAvi daMDassa, NivAe dukkhasaMpadA / / isi. 45/5 AcArya zrIAnandaRSi - Anandapravacana - bhAga 7, pR. 3444 (ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 2, a. 6, sU. 3, pR. 507 punAtyAtmAnaM pUyate'neneti vA puNyam / / 4 / / vRtti / (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 2, a. 8, sU. 8, pR. 573 yasyodayAddevAdigatiSu zArIramAnasukhaprAptistatsadvedyam / 1 / TIkA (ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhA. 2, a. 6, sU. 3, pR.. 507 (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 2, a. 8, sU. 8, pR. 573 yatphalaM duHkhamanekavidhaM tadasavedyam / 2 / TIkA (ka) umAsvAti - prazamaratiprakaraNam - adhikAra 15, pR. 70 pudgalakarma zubhaM yattatpuNyamiti jinazAsane dRssttm| yadazubhamayaM tatpApamiti bhavati sarvajJanirdiSTam / / 26 / / (kha) zrImadvijayAnandasUri - jainatattvAdarza - pR. 213 yena zubhaprakRtyA AtmakaM karma jIvAn sukhaM dadAti tat puNyam / / vijayamani zAstrI - samayasAra-pravacana - pra. 4 6.

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147 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 10. 12. Sinful way is full of darkness. (ka) kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya - amRtacandrasUriTIkA, pR. 172 azubhapariNAmo jIvasya, tannimittaH karmapariNAmaH pudgalAnAM ca pApam / gA. 108 TIkA.. (kha) zrImadvijayAnaMdasUri - jainatattvAdarza - pa. 213 yena azubhaprakRtyA AtmakaM karma jIvAn duHkhaM dadAti tat pApam / (ga) pUjyapAdAcArya - savArthasiddhi - sU. 3 (tattvArthavRtti), pR. 184 pAti rakSati AtmAnaM zubhAditi pApam asadvedayAdi / / (gha) jinendravarNI - jainendra-siddhAMtakoza - bhA. 3, pR. 53 pApaM nAma anabhimatasya praapkN| __ jainAcArya vijayalakSmaNasUrIzvarajI mahArAja : Atmatattva-vicAra pAyati zoSayati puNyaM pAMzayati vA guNDayati vA jIvavastramiti paapm| pR. 611 AcArya zrIvijayavallabhasUrijI ma0 sA0 vallabhapravacana- bhA. 2, pR. 284 punAti zubhakAryeNAtmAnamiti puNyam prApayatyadhastAdAtmAnamiti paapm|| AcArya zrIvijayavallabhasUrijI ma. sA0 vallabhapravacana- bhA. 2, pR. 284 'prakaTaM puNyam', 'pracchannaM pApam' / paripUrNAnanda varmA - patana kI paribhASA - pR. 8. saMyojaka munizrIsuzIlavijayajI ma0 sA0 saMsAra cakra - pR. 20 puNyaM kuruSva yadi teSu tavAsti vAJchA / DaoN0 dhanarAja mAnadhAne - hindI ke manovaijJAnika upanyAsa - pR. 12 pAti rakSati asmAdAtmAnamiti paapm| hindI-vizvakoSa - kalakattA 1627, pa. 282 mahAnirvANatantra - hindI-vizvakoSa - kalakattA 1627, pR. 282 svadoSagopanaM pApaM paradoSaprakAzanam / ISyAviddhaM vAkyaduSTaM niSThuratvaM SaDambaram / / - vAmanapurANa, a. 58 AcArya zrIvijayavallabhasUrijI ma0 sA0 vallabhapravacana-bhAga 2, pR. 263-264 uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 14, gA. 16 saMsAraheuM ca vayanti bandhaM /

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148 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 21. 22. 23. 24. saM0 puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (sUyagaDa) - a. 2, u. 1, pR. 105 jamiNaM jagaI puDho jagA kammehiM luppanti pANiNo / sayameva kaDehi gAhaI no tassa muccejja'puTTayaM / / 4 / / saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ovavAiyasutta) - bhAga 2, pR. 22 suciNNA kammA suciNNA bhavaMti, duciNNA kammA duciNNA phalA bhavaMti, phusai puNNapAve, paccAyaMti jIvA saphale kallANa pAvae / / . (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 4, gA. 3 teNe jahA sandhimuhe gahIe sakammuNA kiccai paavkaarii| evaM payA pecca ihaM ca loe kaDANa kammANa na mokkha asthi / / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 13, gA. 10 savvaM suciNNaM saphalaM narANaM kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi / TIkA - jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma0 sA0 sUtrakRtAMga, prathama bhAga, zrutaskandha 1, a. 23, gA. 18 pR. 677. sarve svakarmakalpitA avyaktena duHkhena prANinaH / hiNDanti bhayAkulAH zaTA jAtijarAmaraNairabhidrutAH / / 18 / / (ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (sUyagaDaM) - a.5, u.2, pR. 116 veyanti kammAI purekddaaiN| (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (sUyagaDa) - a.5, u.1, pR. 116 dukkhanti dukkhI iha dukkaDeNaM / / 16 / / (ga) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (sUyagaDa) - a.5, u.1, pR. 116 jahA kaDaM kamma tahAsi bhAre / / 26 / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 20, gA. 36, 37 appA naI veyaraNI appA me kUDasAmalI / appA kAmaduhA gheNU appA me nandaNaM vaNaM / / 36 / / appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamittaM ca duppaTThiya - supaTThiyo / / 37 / / dazavaikAlikasUtra-anu-jainAcArya AtmArAmajI ma. prathama cUlikA, pR. 636 pApAnAM kRtAnAM karmaNAM pUrva duzcaritAnAM duSpratikrAntAnAM vedayitvA mokSaH, nAstyavedayitvA, tapasA yA ksspyitvaa| saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (sUyagaDa) - a. 2, u. 1, pR. 105 25. 26. 27. 28.

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149 26. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. jaina darzana ke nava tattva na vitA ahameva luppae logaMsi pANiNo / evaM sahiehi pAsae aNihe se puTThe 'hiyAsae / / 13 / / kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya moho rAgo doso cittapasado ya jassa bhAvammi / vijjadi tassa ho vA asuho vA hodi pariNAma / / 131 / / supariNAmo puNaM asuho pAvaMti havadi jIvassa / dohaM poggalametto bhAvo kammataNaM patto / / 132 / / (ka) jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhAvapuNyanimittenotpannaH bhAga 3, pR. 60 dravyapuNyam / - pudgalaparamANupiNDo (kha) dAnapUjASaDAvazyakAdirUpo jIvasya zubhapariNAmo bhAvapuNyam / devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana: svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 164-165. kSu. jinendra varNI- jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhA. 3, pR. 56 (ka) saM. puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame ( ThANe ) - bhAga 1, ThA. 6, pR. 267 (kha) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. (hiMdI anu.) ThANAMgasUtra- ThA. 6, a. 1, gA. 131-132, pR. 164-165 37. u. 3, pR. 787. navavipannatA taMjahA - aNNapuNNe, pANapuNNe, vatthapuNNe, leNapuNNe, sayaNapuNNe, maNapuNNe, vayapuNNe, kAyapuNNe namokkArapuNe || - sadvedayAdizubhaprakRtirUpaH abhayadevasUrikRta TIkA sthAnAMgasUtra ThA. 6, u. 3, pR. 428 annaM pAnaM ca vastraM ca, AlayaH zayanAsanam / zuzrUSA vandanaM tuSTiH, puNyaM navavidhaM smRtam / / 1 / / (ka) zrI samantabhadrAcArya sAgAradharmAmRta - a. 5, pR. 231 pratigrahoccasthApanAdikSAlanAnitIrviduH / yogAnnazuddhIzca vidhIn navAdaravizeSitAn / / 45 / / (kha) AcArya bhikkhU - navapadArtha - pR. 201 paDigahaNamuccaThANaM pAdodakamaccaNaM ca paNAmaM ca / maNavayakAyasuddhI esaNasuddhI ya NavavihaM puNNaM / / - sAgAradharmAmRta 5 / 45 AcArya zrIvijayavallabhasUrijI ma-vallabhapravacana bhAga 2, pR. 318 - 232 puNyameva bhavamarmadAraNaM puNyameva zivazarmakAraNam / puNyameva hi vipattizAmanaM puNyameva jagadekazAsanam / / (ka) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma0 sA0 jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 350 -

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150 jaina-darzana ke nava tanva . 38. 36. 40. (kha) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra (anu. paM. sukhalAlajI) - pR. 233 (ga) saMyojaka udayavijayagaNi - navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (devaguptasUri abhayadeva bhASyasahita - navatattvaprakaraNam) - pR. 16 sAyaM uccagoyaM, sattatIsaM tu nAmapagaIo / tinni ya AUNi tahA vAyAlaM punnapagaIo / / 7 / / jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 351 (ka) pupphabhikkhU - arthAgama (bhagavatI)-khaNDa 2, bhagavatIsUtra 5, za. 7, u. 10, pR. 734-735 (kha) pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhAga 1, sa. 7, u. 10, pR. 528-526 kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 64puNyaM svargapradaM nityaM nirvANaM ca sudurlabham / 1 / kANi puNNa-phalANi / titthayaragaNahara-risi ----- riddhio / 2 / puNyAd vinA kutastAdRgarUpAdInIdRzI ------------ paricchadaH / 162 / ko'pyandho'pi sulocano'pi -------- yadurlabham / 186 / aliyavayaNaM pi saccaM -...--...- hodi / 434 / AcAryazrIvijayavallabhasUrijI ma0 vallabhapravacana - bhAga 2, pR. 285-287 (ka) kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA. 40, 41, 42, pR. 80-82 (kha) amRtacandrasUri - tattvArthasAra - zloka 10-13, pR. 34 (ga) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 2, sU. 6 sa dvividho'STacaturbhedaH / kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra - a. 2, bhA. 63, pR. 167 appA uvaogappA uvaogo gANadaMsaNaM bhaNido / so vi suho asuho vA uvaogo appaNo havadi / / 63 / / (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 3, 4(kha) vidyAnandasvAmI - tattvArthazlokavArtika - a. 6, sU. 3, pR. 443 samyagdarzanAdyanuraMjito yogaH zubho vizuddhyAMgatvAt mithyAdarzanAdayAnuraMjito'zubhaH / / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - a. 6, sU. 2, pR. 506 tatpraNAlikayA karmAnavaNAdAAnavAbhidhAnaM --- AmravastrasareNuvat / kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra - gA. 11, pR. 11 (jJAnAdhikAra) dhammeNa pariNadapyA appA jadi suddhasaMpayogajudo / 41. 42. 44.

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151 46. 47. 48. 46. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. jaina darzana ke nava tattva pAvida NivvANasuhaM suhovajutto va saggasuhaM / / 11 || kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra gA. 64, pR. 167 (jJeyadhikAra) uvaogo jadi hi suho puNNaM jIvassa saMcayaM jadi / asuho vA tatha pAvaM tesimabhAve Na cayamatthi / 64 / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika bhAga 2, a. 6, su. 3, pR. 506 prANAtipAtAnRtabhASaNavadhacintanAdirazubhaH / 9 / ahiMsA'steyabrahmacaryAdiH zubhakAyayogaH / satyahitamita bhASaNAdiH zubho vAgyogaH / arhadbhaktitaporucizrutavinayAdiH zubho manoyogaH ( tattvArtharAjavArtika - 6 /13) / kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra a. 2, gA. 66, pR. 202 devadajAdigurupUjAsu ceva dANammi vA susIlesu / uvavAsAdisu ratto suhovaogappago appA / / 66 / / kundakundAcArya-pravacanasAra ( jJAnAdhikAra ) a. 1, gA. 70, pR. 81, 82 yuktaH zubhena AtmA tiryagvA mAnuSo vA devo vA / bhUtastAvatkAlaM labhate sukhamaindriyaM vividham / / 70 / / saukhyaM svabhAvasiddhaM nAsti surANAmapi siddhamupadeze / te dehavedanArtA ramante viSayeSu ramyeSu / / 71 / / kundakundAcArya-pravacanasAra ( jJAnAdhikAra) - a. 1, gA. 72-76, pR. 84-86 (ka) kundakundAcArya paMcAstikAya - gA. 135, 136, 137, pR. 166-201 (kha) kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra a. 2, gA. 65, pR. 188 kundakundAcArya pravacanasAra (zrImad amRtacandrasUrikRta tattvapradIpikAvRtti) - - - a. 2, gA. 66, pR. 166 viSayakaSAyAvagADho duHzrutiduzcittaduSTagoSTiyutaH / ugra unmArgapara upayogo yasya so'zubhaH / / 66 / / kundakundAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA. 140, 141, pR. 204, 205 - - kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra a. 1, gA. 71-77 bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika- bhA. 2, a. 6, sU. 3, pR. 507 zubhAzubhapariNAmanirvRttatvAcchubhAzubhavyapadezaH / 3 / zubhapariNAmanirvRtto yogaH zubhaH, azubhapariNAmanirvRttazcAzubhaH / gaNadharavAda (gujarAtI-anu-dalasukhabhAI AcArya zrIjinabhadragaNi mAlavaNiyA ) - gA. 1640, pR. 33 sobhavaNNAtiguNaM subhANubhAvaM jaM tayaM puNNaM / vivarItamato pAvaM Na vAtaraM --

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152 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva .57. 56. 60. NAtisuhumaM ca / / 1640 / / AcArya zrIjinabhadragaNi - gaNadharavAda - gA. 1609 puNNakkarise subhatA taratamajogAkarisato hANI / / tasseva khaye mokkho patthAhArocamANAto / / 1606 / / AcArya zrIjinabhadragaNi - gaNadharavAda - gA. 1910pAvukkarise'dhamatA taratamajogAvakarisato subhatA / taraseva khae mokkho atthabhattovamANAto / / 1610 / / AcArya zrIjinabhadragaNi - gaNadharavAda - gA. 1611sAdhAraNavaNNAdi va adha sAdhAraNamadhegamattAe / / ukkarisAvakarisato tasseva ya puNNapAvavakkhA / / 1611 / / (ka) AcArya zrIjinabhadragaNi-gaNadharavAda (gujarAtI-anu-dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA) - pR. 45 sarvahetunirAzaMsaM bhAvAnAM janma varNyate / svabhAvavAdibhiste hi nAhuH svamapi kAraNam / / rAjIvakaNTakAdInAM vaicitryaM kaH karoti hi ? / mayUracandrikAdirvA vaicitryaM kena nirmitaH ? / / kAdAcitkaM yadatrAsti niHzeSaM tadahetukam / yathA kaNTakataikSNyAdi tathA caite sukhAdayaH / / (kha) zrIvinayacandrajI mahArAja - jIvanasAdhanA - pR. 44 kaNTakasya tIkSNatvaM mayUrasya vicitratA / varNAzca tAmracUDAnAM svabhAvena bhavanti hi / (ga) gItApresa, gorakhapura-zvetAzvataropaniSad (sAnuvAda zAGkarabhASyasahita) - a. 1, mantra 2, pR. 71 / / kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyA / saMyoga eSAM na tvAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhaduHkhahetoH / / 2 / / (gha) maharSizrIkRSNadvaipAyanapraNItaM zrImanmahAbhAratam - bhAga 3, zAMtiparva, a. 25, zlo. 16, pR. 341 hantIti manyate kazcinna hantItyapi cAparaH / svabhAvatastu niyato bhUtAn prabhavApyayau / / 16 / / (ca) hukumacaMda pArzvanAtha saMgave (aprakAzita zodhaprabaMdha) vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA dArzanika adhyayana - kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI

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153 61. 62. 63. 65. 66. jaina darzana ke nava tattva mATharavRttikA 66, nyAyakusumAjali 1.5 . nityAsatyA bhavatyante nityAsatyAzca kecan / vicitra kecidivyametat svabhAvo niyAmakaH / / agnirUpo jalaM zItaM samasparzastathAtilaH / kenedaMtritaM tasmAd svabhAvAt tadvyavasthitiH / (cha) vyAkhyAkAra-marudharakesarI pravartaka munizrImizrImalajI - karmagrantha- bhAga 3, pR. 18 ( prastAvanA) yaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH / / (ka) hukumacaMda pArzvanAtha saMgave ( aprakAzita vizeSAvazyakabhASya kA dArzanika adhyayana uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 3, gA. 17, 18 khettaM vatthU hiraNNaM ca pasavo dAsaporusaM / cattAri kAmakhaMdhANi tattha se uvavajjaI / / 17 / / mittavaM nAyavaM hoi uccagoe ya vaNNava / apapAyake mahApanne abhijAe jasovale / / 18 / / 64. AcArya zrIvijayavallabhasUrijI ma0 sA0 vallabhapravacana 67. zodhaprabaMdha ) kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, a. 4, 6 (kha) AcArya zrIjinabhadragaNi gaNadharavAda (gujarAtI - anu. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ) bhAga 2 ( navavA gaNadhara acalabhrAtA - puNyapApacA) pR. 134-151 haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya - pR. 268-271 pR. 277, 278, 284, 285 (ka) kSu0 jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 3, pR. 64 (kha) viduSI mahAsatI zrIujjvalakumArIjI ( sampAdaka ratnakumAra jaina 'ratneza' ) - jIvana - dharma - pR. 112 bhAga - 2, viduSI mahAsatI zrIujjlakumArIjI ( sampAdaka ratnakumAra jaina ' ratneza' ) jIvana-dharma pR. 32 He who fears to do wrong has but one great fear, he has a thousand who has overcome it. mahAsatI zrIujjvalakumArI - ujjvalavANI - bhAga 1, pR. 1

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154 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 68. 66. 70. 71. 72. puNyasya phalamicchanti puNyaM necchanti mAnavAH / na pApaphalamicchanti pApaM kurvanti yatnataH / / paM. vijayamuni zAstrI - samayasArapravacana - pR. 45-46marudharakesarIpravartaka munizrImizrImalajI ma0 karmagrantha-bhA-1, pR. 73-74 devendramuni zAstrI - jaina-darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa-pR. 165 (ka) prakAzaka- zrIagaracanda bhairodAna seThiyA. navatattva-pR. 72-73 (kha) anu. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma- ThANAMgasUtra - ThA. 1, sU. 65 pR. 10-11 ege pANAtivAe jAva ege pariggahe va ege kohe jAva lobhe ege pejje, ege dose, jAva ege paraparivAe egA, aratirati ege mAyAmose ege micchAdasaNasalle / / 65 / / (ga) saM. puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe) - bhA. 1, a. 1, u. 1, pR. 184 (gha) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma- jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 352 saM. pupphabhikkhUdRsuttAgame (bhagavatIsUtra) - bhA. 1, za. 1, u. 6, pR. 410 (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhUdRarthAgama (bhagavatIsUtra)-khaNDa 2, za. 1, u. 6, pR. 546 (ga) saM. en. vhI. vaidya dR nAyAdhammakahAo - pR. 83 zrI tilokaratna sthA. jainadhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI; paccIsabolakAthokaDA sArtha - pR. 14-15 (kha) zrImalayagirikRtaTIkAsaMyuktAdR karmaprakRti zrImadyazovijayopAdhyATIkAntargatavizeSAdhikArayuktA ca - pR. 3-4 / (ga) jainAcArya zrIamolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 352-53 (gha) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra (anu. paM. sukhalAlajI) - pR. 333 (Ga) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhA. 2, a. 8, sU. 26, pR. 586 ato'nyat pApam / / 26 / / TIkA-asmAt puNyasaMjJakakarmaprakR -tisamUhAdanyat karma pApamityucyate / tad dvayazItividham tadayAthA . jJAnAvaraNaprakRtayaH paJca, darzanAvaraNasya nava, mohanIyasya SaDviMzatiH, paJcAntarAyasya, narakagatiH, tiryaJcagatiH, catamro jAtayaH, paJca saMsthAnAni, paJca saMhananAni, aprazastavarNa gandharasasparzAH, ------------- asadvedyAm narakAyuH, nIcagotramiti / saMgrahakartA - ramAzaMkara gupta - sUktisAgara, pR. 261-265 (hiMdI) 73. 74.

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155 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 75. devendramuni zAstrI - ciMtana kI cA~danI - pR. 154-155 76. (ka) upAdhyAya amaramuni - sUkti-triveNI - pR. 208 (kha) uparinirdiSTa, pR. 210 (ga) uparinirdiSTa, pR. 130 (gha) uparinirdiSTa, pR. 220 (ca) uparinirdiSTa, pR. 138 77. mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha - pR. 24 yAvajjIvetsukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet / bharamIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH ? 78. jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. kRta TIkA-sUtrAkRtAMgasUtra-a. 1, gA.12, pR-160 zarIrasya vinAzena vinAzI bhavati dehinaH / / 76. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. kRta anuvAda - sUyagaDAMgasUtra, a. 21, dhu. 2, pR. 468 Natthi puNNe va pAve vA / NevaM sannaM nivesae / / / atthi puNNe va pAve vA / evaM sannaM nivesae / / 16 / / paM. vijayamuni zAstrI - samayasArapravacana - pR. 40-42 kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 61 eko dUrAttyajati madirAM brAhmaNatvAbhimAnAdanyaH zUdraH svayamahamiti snAti nityaM tayaiva / dvAvapyetau yugapadudarAnnirgatau zUdrikAyAH zUdrau sAkSAdapi ca carato jAtibhedabhrameNa / uparinirdiSTa, bhAga 3, pR. 61 karma sarvamapi sarvavido yad bndhsaadhnmushntyvishessaat| tena sarvamapi tatpratiSiddha, jJAnameva vihitaM zivahetuH / 85. uparinirdiSTa, bhAga 3, pR. 62 samyagdRSTejIvasya puNyapApadvayamapi heyam / 86. uparinirdiSTa, bhAga 3, pR. 63 jo pAu vi so pAu muNi savvu ko vi muNei / jo puNNu vi pAu vi bhaNai so buha ko vi havei / paMDita sukhalAlajI - darzana aura ciMtana - pR. 226-227 karmavAda - dvitIya khaNDa / 88. manusmRti - a. 11, zlo. 54 84. 67.

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156 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 86. brahmahattyA surApAnaM steyaM gurvAnAgamaH / mahAnti pAtakAnyAhuH saMsargazcApi taiH saha / / 54 / / saM. pro. devIdAsa dattAtreya vADekara - marAThItattvajJAnamahAkoza - khaNDa 2, pR. 271-273 isakA saMdarbhagraMtha. sI.ma. phar3ake 'vedAntanidarzana' (puNe, 1613, sudhA A. 1625) zaM. vA. dA~Dekara, saMpA. sArtha jJAnezvarI (puNe, 1653, A. 4, 1667) jI. gaeNlothe di philaoNsaoNphI oNpha rilijana (eDiMvaro, 1614) khiM. sa. aMtarakara __ jainAcArya zrIAtmArAmajI ma-dazavaikAlikasUtra (anuvAda) - a. 4, gA. 8, pR. 117 jayaM care jayaM ciTTe, jayamAse jayaM sae / jayaM bhuMjato, bhAsaMto pAva kammaM na baMdhaI / / 8 / / 10.

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paMcama adhyAya Asava tattva (Influx of Karma ) navatattvoM meM se Asrava tattva pA~cavAM tattva hai| Anava kA artha hai pApa-karmoM kA aanaa| azubha karma AtmA meM nirantara Ate hI rahate haiM / isalie jIva ko saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara atIva duHkha sahana karanA par3atA hai / jo AtmA Amnava ko samajha kara usase dUra rahegA, vahI karma-baMdhana se mukta ho skegaa| isa saMsAra meM jIva ko kaSTa dene vAle aneka Anava haiM, jisake kAraNa phala ke rUpa meM aneka prakAra ke duHkha jIva ko bhogane par3ate haiM / Asrava ko Asrava dvAra bhI kahA gayA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM pA~ca AnavadvAra batAye gaye haiN| ye AnavadvAra mahAbhayaMkara haiM inameM se pApa hamezA Ate hI rahate haiN| zrI abhayadeva likhate haiM " jIvarUpI tAlAba meM karmarUpI pAnI Ane kA jo dvAra ( upAya ) hai, vaha AnavadvAra hai / jIvarUpI tAlAba meM karmarUpI pAnI ke Agamana ke nirodha kA jo dvAra ( upAya ) hai, vaha saMvaradvAra hai / " " I jisa prakAra tAlAba meM pAnI hone para yaha sahaja hI siddha hotA hai ki usameM pAnI ke Agamana ke mArga bhI haiM, inhIM mArgoM ko hama AnavadvAra kahate haiM usI prakAra saMsArI jIva ke sAtha karma kA saMbaMdha hai| yoga ke dvArA AtmA meM karma Ate haiM, isalie jinendradeva use Asrava kahate haiM / karmoM ke Agamana kA dvAra AsravadvAra hai / Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki aisA vizvAsa mata rakho ki Amrava aura saMvara nahIM haiM, apitu aisA vizvAsa rakho ki Amrava aura saMvara haiM / Asrava kI vyAkhyAe~ - Amrava zabda sU saranA, AtmA meM praveza karanA isa dhAtu se banA hai / jisase karma Ate haiM, use Amrava kahate haiN| vaha zubha-azubha karmoM ke Agamana kA hetu hai / mithyAtva Adi bandha ke hetu haiM / inheM jina zAsana meM Amrava kahA gayA hai / karmAgamana karane vAle ko Asrava kahate haiN| AtmA meM karma ke praveza ko bhI Asava kahA gayA hai| * - jisake dvArA jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha prakAra ke karma AtmA meM sabhI ora se Ate haiM, use Anava kahate haiM / arthAt jisake dvArA karma kA upArjana hotA hai, use Amrava kahate haiM / '

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158 jaina darzana ke nava tattva kAya, vAk tathA mana ke karmayoga ko Asrava kahate haiN| jaina Agama aura jaina darzana meM Anava kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai| - jisa kriyA se, jisa vicAra se tathA jisa bhAvanA se karmavargaNA ( karmasamUha) ke pudgala Ate haiM, vaha Asrava hai / - puNyapAparUpa karmoM ke Agamana ko Asrava kahate haiM I kevala karma kA AnA hI Asrava hai / " jisa prakAra nadiyoM dvArA samudra pratidina pAnI se bharatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra mithyAdarzana Adi ke srota se AtmA meM karma Ate haiN| Asnava kI aisI aneka vyAkhyAe~ haiM, parantu sabakA bhAvArtha eka hI hai| jIva ke rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoM se karma Ate haiM aura usakA bandha hotA hai / Asrava kI mUla kriyA rAga- ga-dveSa hai / saMvara ke dvArA Asava ko karmAgamana se rokane se, nayA karmabandha nahIM hotA aura pUrvakarma kA krama se kSaya hokara jIva mokSa ko prApta hotA hai / mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga - ye cAra Anava jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha karmoM ke baMdha ke kAraNa haiM / parantu jIva ke rAga-dveSa kA pariNAma bhI karmabaMdha kA kAraNa hai| isalie vAstavika rAga, dveSa aura moha ye Anava haiM, arthAt karmabandha ke dvArA jise samyagdarzana prApta huA hai, use Asrava yA baMdha nahIM hotA / kyoMki jIva ke rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva hI bandha ke kAraNa haiM / jisa prakAra pakA phala per3a se apane Apa hI gira jAtA hai, aura phira vaha kamI DaMThala se nahIM cipakatA usI prakAra jIva ke rAga Adi bhAva eka bAra gala jAne ( naSTa hone ) para punaH kabhI udita nahIM hote| jaba taka jIva kaSAyayukta hotA hai, taba taka vaha, karmabaddha hotA hai| parantu jaba vaha kaSAya se mukta hotA hai, aura samyaktva prApta karatA hai, taba karmarahita hotA hai / " 10 Asrava kA lakSaNa prazna uThatA hai ki AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga kA kyA kAraNa hai / kyoMki kArya ke hone para kAraNa honA hI caahie| jisa prakAra kapar3A taiyAra karane ke lie dhAge kAraNa haiM, ghara kI nirmita ke lie miTTI kAraNa hai, vRkSa ke lie bIja nimitta hai, usIprakAra AtmA ke sAtha karma ke saMyoga kA bhI kAraNa hai, aura vaha hai - Asrava /

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159 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ____ Asrava puNya-pAparUpI kamoM ke Agamana kA dvAra hai| jisake kAraNa aura jisake mAdhyama se zubhAzubha karma Atma-pradeza meM praviSTa hote haiM aura AtmA ke sAtha ba~dha haiM, vahI Asava hai| Amnava dvArA AtmA karma kA grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| jisa prakAra strota dvArA tAlAba meM pAnI AtA hai, daravAje dvArA gRha meM praveza hotA hai, usI prakAra Atma-pradeza meM karma kA Agamana hotA hai, usake jo mArga haiM, ve Asrava haiN| karma-Agamana kA dvArA hone se Asrava ko Agama-zAstra meM Anava-dvAra bhI kahA gayA hai| saMsArI jIva mana, vacana aura kAyA se yukta hotA hai| mana, vacana tathA kAyA ko yoga kahate haiN| yoga meM parispaMdanAtmaka kriyA pratikSaNa hotI rahatI hai, jisake kAraNa jIva hamezA karma-pudgala ke Anava grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| jisa prakAra nadI dvArA samudra ko hamezA pAnI milatA rahatA hai, eka kSaNa bhI pravAha baMda nahIM hotA, usI prakAra jIva hiMsA, asatya athavA rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRtti dvArA karma kA satat grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| karma eka kSaNa bhI nahIM rukatA, isalie karma-Agamana ke mArga ko Asrava kahate haiN|" Asrava tattva aura Asava-dvAra Amnava-tattva ko Amnava-dvAra bhI kahate haiN| donoM paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra aura samavAyAMgasUtra meM AmnavadvAra zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| Atma-pradeza meM karma ke praveza ke dvAra ko AmnavadvAra kahate haiN| jisa prakAra kue~ meM pAnI Ane ke anaMta srota hote haiM, naukA meM jala-praveza kA kAraNa usake chidra hote haiM ghara meM praveza karane kA sAdhana usake daravAje hote haiM, usI prakAra jIva-pradeza meM karma ke Agamana kA mArga Amnava-tattva hai| karma ke praveza ke hetu, upAya, sAdhana athavA nimitta Amnava hone se Asava-tattva ko AzravadvAra kahA gayA hai|2|| Asrava aura karma bhinna-bhinna haiM, eka nahIM haiN| jisa prakAra chidra aura usameM praviSTa hone vAlA pAnI eka nahIM hai| apitu chidra pAnI ke praveza kA kAraNa jisa prakAra daravAjA aura usameM praviSTa hone vAle prANI eka nahIM hote, alaga-alaga hote haiM, ghara kA daravAjA praveza kA mArga hai; usI prakAra Asrava aura karma - ye donoM eka nahIM haiM, alaga-alaga haiN| Asrava karma ke Agamana kA kAraNa hai| karma jar3a hai| Anava jIva kA pariNAma athavA usakI kriyA hai aura karma

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160 jaina darzana ke nava tattva 1 usakA phala hai / jIva ke pradeza meM karma ke Agamana kA hetu usakA pariNAma hai jIva kA pariNAma hI yaha Asrava dvAra hai| pariNAma kA artha hai mithyAtva pramAda Adi bhAva '3 jo karma - pudgala ke grahaNa ke hetu haiM, ve Anava haiN| jo grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, ve jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karma haiM / * - Asrava-dvAra yA bandha - hetu mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca bandha- hetu arthAt Anava haiN| jIva ke pariNAma haiM / 15 bandha -hetuoM kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM tIna paraMparAe~ haiM - kaSAya aura yoga ye donoM bandhahetu haiM / (1) pahalI paramparA (2) dUsarI paramparA (3) tIsarI paramparA he haiN| - mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye cAra bandhahetu haiM / mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca bandha isa prakAra saMkhyAoM meM bheda hai, paraMtu tAttvika dRSTi se ina paraMparAoM meM koI antara nahIM hai 1 pramAda eka prakAra kA asaMyama hai, isalie vaha avirati yA kaSAya ke aMtargata hI hai| isa dRSTi se pA~ca Asrava dvAroM ke bajAya cAra batAye gaye hai / umAsvAti ke matAnusAra batAye gaye pA~ca AsravoM- mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga kA vivecana Age kiyA jAyegA / Aja jina bhAvoM se karma kA Anava ho rahA hai, ve bhAva pahale se ba~dhe hue karma ke udaya se hue haiN| isalie Aja ke Anava pUrvabandha ke kArya haiM / usI taraha Age hone vAle karmabandha ke kAraNa haiN| isa prakAra bandha, pUrva Asava kA kArya aura uttara Anava kA kAraNa banatA hai / jisa prakAra, jo bIja hama Aja bote haiM, vaha pahale vRkSa kA kArya hotA hai aura Age ugane vAle aMkura kA kAraNa hotA hai / usI prakAra Anava aura baMdha meM bIja aura aMkura ke samAna kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai| agara usa Anava ko bandha kA hetu aura usa baMdha kA hI kArya mAna liyA jAtA to itaretarAzraya ho gayA hotA / paraMtu Anava aura bandha kA pravAha anAdi mAnA gayA hai| anAdi kAla se pUrva bandha ke kAraNa Asrava aura usI ke kAraNa uttarabandha hotA AyA hai| jisa prakAra Aja kA bIja pUrva ke vRkSa kA aura vaha vRkSa usake pUrva ke bIja kA kAraNa hai aura aisI paramparA anAdi kAla se calatI A rahI hai, usI

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161 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva prakAra Aja kA Asrava pUrva ke bandha kA kAraNa, vaha bandha pUrva ke Asava kA kAraNa aura vaha Asrava usake pUrva ke bandha kA kAraNa hotA hai| isa prakAra Asrava aura bandha kA saMbaMdha anAdi kAla se, akhaNDa rUpa se hai|6 puNyAsrava aura pApAsava yaha Amrava jaba puNya-bandha meM hotA hai taba ise puNyAsava kahate haiM aura jaba pApa-baMdha meM hotA hai taba ise pApAnava kahate haiN| puNyAnava aura pApAnava - ye donoM mithyAtva Adi kI tIvratA aura mandatA kI apekSA se aneka prakAra ke hote jIva kA pariNamana do prakAroM se hotA hai - zubha aura ashubh| zubha bhAva puNya kA Amnava hai aura azubha bhAva pApa kA Anava hai| jisa prakAra, sarpa ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye dUdha kA viSa meM rUpAntara hotA hai aura manuSya ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye dUdha kA poSaNa ke rUpa meM rUpAntara hotA hai| usI prakAra bure pariNAma se AtmA meM savita karma-vargaNA ke pudgala pApa-rUpa meM pariNamana karate haiM aura acche pariNAma se AtmA meM savita karma-vargaNA ke pudgala puNya-rUpa meM pariNamana karate haiN| jIva kI acchI athavA burI bhAvanA 'Asava' kahalAtI hai|' jisa jIva meM prazasta rAga hai, anukampAyukta pariNAma hai aura citta kI kaluSatA kA abhAva hai, usa jIva ko 'puNya-Amnava' hotA hai|" pramAda-sahita kriyA, mana kI malinatA aura indriyoM ke viSaya meM caMcalatA, isake sAtha hI anya jIvoM ko duHkha denA, dUsaroM kI nindA karanA, burA bolanA Adi ke AcaraNa se azubha-yogI jIva pApa kA Amnava karatA hai| ise hI 'pApAsava' kahate haiN| hiMsA, asatya-bhASaNa, corI, maithuna aura parigraha - ina saba kA tyAga karanA hI jisakA lakSaNa hai, aise vrata ko bhAvapUrvaka dhAraNa karanA puNyAnava ko bar3hAtA hai| pA~ca pApoM kA tyAga karanA hI vrata hai| vrata se puNyakarma kA Asrava hotA hiMsA, asatya-bhASaNa, corI, maithuna aura parigraha - ina saba kA tyAga na karanA hI jisakA lakSaNa hai, aisA avrata apanI bhAvanA se svayaM pApAsava ko bar3hAtA hai| pA~ca pApoM kA tyAga na karanA avrata hai| avrata se pApakarma kA Asrava hotA hai|22

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162 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dravyAnava aura bhAvAnava Anava ke do bheda haiM - (1) dravyAsrava aura bhAvAnava / Asrava ke do bheda mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMsArI jIva zarIra Adi se sambaddha haiM, aura saMsAra meM aneka prakAra kI pudgala-vargaNAe~ bharI huI haiN| inameM kArmaNa-vargaNA bhI eka hai, aura vaha karmarUpa banane kI yogyatA dhAraNa karatI hai| paraMtu kArmaNa-vargaNA karmarUpa usI samaya banatI hai, jaba jIva Atma-pradeza meM parispandana karatA hai| isalie kArmaNa-vargaNA aura Atma-pariNAma - ina donoM ko alaga-alaga samajhane ke lie dravyAnava aura bhAvAsava ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN| bhAvAnava tela se AveSTita padArtha ke samAna hai aura dravyAnava usase cipakane vAlI dhUla ke samAna hai| bhAvAnava nimitta kAraNa hai aura dravyAnava kAraNa kI sAmarthya ke pariNAma ko dikhAtA hai| apane-apane nimitta rUpa se yoga ko prApta kara Atma-pradeza meM sthita pudgala karmarUpa meM pariNamitaM hote haiM, athavA jJAnAvaraNa Adi kAryoM ke kAraNa jo yogya pudgala AtA hai, use dravyAnava kahate haiN| AtmA ke svayaM ke jina zubha-azubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa pudgala dravya karma banakara AtmA meM Ate haiM, una pariNAmoM ko bhAvAnava kahate haiN|23 / AtmA ke jisa pariNAma se karma kA Asrava hotA hai, vaha pariNAma bhAvAnava kahalAtA hai| bhAvArtha yaha hai ki karmAnava ko dUra karane meM samartha jo zuddha AtmA kI bhAvanA hai, usa bhAvanA ke viruddha jisa pariNAma se AtmA ke karma kA Amnava hotA hai, vaha dravyAsava hai| avirati, pramAda, yoga, krodha Adi kaSAya 'bhAvAnava' haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura aMtarAya- ina ATha kamoM ke yoga se jisa pudgala karma kA Agamana hotA hai, vaha dravyAnava hai|4 ____ jIva dvArA pratikSaNa mana, vacana aura kAyA ke dvArA jo zubha aura azubha pravRtti hotI hai, use bhAvAnava kahate haiN| usake nimitta se vizeSa prakAra ke jo jar3a pudgala AkRSTa hokara usake pradeza meM praveza karate haiM, unheM 'dravyAnava' kahate haiN| jina bhAvoM se karma kA Asrava hotA hai, unheM bhAvAnava kahate haiN| karmadravya ke Agamana ko dravyAnava kahate haiN| pudgala meM karma-paryAya kI nirmiti honA tathA usakA Atma-pradeza meM jAnA- dravyAnava kahalAtA hai| mithyAtva Adi bhAvoM ko bhAvabandha kahA gayA hai| paraMtu prathama kSaNa meM utpanna hone vAle ye bhAva kamoM ko AkRSTa karane kI yoga-kriyA ke kAraNa banate haiM, isalie inheM bhAvAmnava kahate haiN|

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163 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bhAvAnava kI mandatA, madhyama avasthA aura tIvratA ke anusAra Atma-pradeza kA parispandana hotA hai| jIva ke dvArA hara samaya mana, vacana tathA kAyA dvArA jo zubha yA azubha pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM, unheM jIva kA bhAvAnava kahate haiN| usake nimitta se kucha vizeSa prakAra kI jo jar3a pudgala-vargaNAe~ AkRSTa hokara usake pradeza meM praveza karatI haiM, vaha dravyAnava hai| isa prakAra dravyAnava aura bhAvAnava kI bhinna-bhinna vyAkhyAe~ haiN| paraMtu una saba kA bhAvArtha eka hI hai|5 IryApatha aura sAMparAyika Asrava jaina-Agama meM Amrava ke sAmAnyataH do bheda haiN| IryApatha Asrava aura sAMparAyika aanv| kaSAya-sahita jIva ko sAMparAyika Asrava hotA hai aura kaSAya-rahita vItarAga jIva ko IyApatha Amrava hotA hai|6|| ___ kaSAyayukta yoga se hone vAlA sAMparAyika Asrava bandha kA kAraNa hone se saMsAra ko bar3hAtA hai| saMparAya kA artha hai sNsaar| saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta karmoM ko sAMparAyika karma kahate haiM - 'saMparAyaH saMsAraH tat prayojanam karma saaNpraayikm| jo karma saMsAra kA prayojana hai aura saMsAra kI vRddhi karane vAlA hai, aise karma ke Agamana ko sAMparAyika Asrava kahate haiN|27 sAMparAyika karma se karma kA Amnava hotA hai aura Ane ke samaya kucha bhI phala na dene se karma kA kSaya hotA hai| moha kA saba prakAra se upazama yA kSaya hone para aise karma Ate haiN| jaba taka kaSAya kA thor3A sA bhI sadbhAva hai, taba taka IryApatha Anava nahIM ho sktaa| IryApatha Amrava sirpha mana, vacana tathA kAyA kA yoga hone para hI hotA hai| isameM kaSAya nahIM hote| eka kSaNa meM karma Ate haiM aura jAte haiN| isalie karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki kaSAya aura rAga-dveSa na hone se karmabandha nahIM hotaa| isalie ise 'IryApatha Asava' kahate haiN| jisameM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, Adi vikAra haiM, vaha sAMparAyika Asrava hai, aura jisameM ye vikAra nahI haiM, vaha IryApatha Asava hai| AtmA kA saMparAya arthAt parAbhava karane vAlA karma sAMparAyika hai| jisa prakAra gIlI camar3I para havA dvArA lAyI gayI dhUla cipaka jAtI hai, usI prakAra yoga dvArA AkRSTa hone vAle karma-pudgala kaSAya ke udaya ke kAraNa AtmA se cipaka jAte haiM aura sthiti prApta karate haiN| yaha sAMparAyika karma hai|

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164 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jisa prakAra sUkhI dIvAra para, patthara yA lakar3I kA Tukar3A phaiMkane para vaha dIvAra se cipakatA nahIM hai, usI prakAra yoga se AkRSTa karma, kaSAya kA udaya na hone se, AtmA se lagakara tatkAla chUTa jAte haiN| aise karma IryApatha karma haiN| IryApatha karma kI sthiti sirpha eka kSaNa kI mAnI gayI hai| sAMparAyika Asrava kaSAya kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke anurUpa jyAdA yA kama sthitiyukta hotA hai| aura jahA~ taka ho sakatA hai, zubhAzubha vipAka (phala) ke kAraNa sthitiyukta hotA hai| paraMtu kaSAya-yukta AtmA ko mana-vacana aura kAyA dvArA jo karma bA~dhatA hai, vaha kaSAya ke abhAva meM vipAkajanaka nahIM hotaa| uparyukta donoM prakAra ke AmnavoM meM yoga nimitta hai| paraMtu IryApatha meM kaSAya - rahita yoga hotA hai aura sAMparAyika meM mithyAtvAdi kaSAyasahita yoga hotA hai| mithyAtva Adi AtmA ke bhAvarUpa haiM aura yoga pravRttirUpa hai| isase Atma-pradeza meM parispaMdana - kampana hotA hai, mithyAtva Adi meM nahIM hotaa| isalie pravRtti kI mukhyatA kI apekSA se yoga-parispaMdana ko Asrava kahate haiN| sArAMzataH tInoM prakAra ke yoga samAna haiN| phira bhI yadi kaSAya na ho, to upArjita karma meM sthiti kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| sthitibaMdha kA kAraNa kaSAya hai, isalie kaSAya hI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai| arthAt sakaSAya jIva ke Asava ko sAMparAyika Amnava aura akaSAya jIva ke Asava ko IryApatha Amnava kahate haiN| AsravoM kI saMkhyA jIva cAra kaSAya, pA~ca indriya, pA~ca avrata aura paccIsa kriyAdvAra- ye sAMparAyika Amrava karatA hai| jisa prakAra naukA ke chidra dvArA naukA meM pAnI AtA hai, usI prakAra yoga aura kaSAya ke dvArA kaSAyoM ke samUha AtmA meM praviSTa hote haiN| jisa prakAra pAnI se bhArI banakara naukA pAnI meM DUba jAtI hai, usI prakAra karma se bhArI banakara AtmArUpI naukA saMsAra-sAgara meM DUba jAtI hai| Amrava ke kAraNa AtmA kA patana hotA hai| ye Asava aneka prakAra ke haiN| paraMtu Anava nizcirUpa se kitane prakAra ke haiM, isa saMbaMdha meM bhinna-bhinna vicAra-pravAha haiN| AcArya kundakunda ke mata meM Asrava cAra haiN| ve haiM - (1) mithyAtva Asava (2) avirati Asrava (3) kaSAya Anava aura (4) yoga aamrv|20 Agama meM Asava ke pA~ca bheda haiM - (1) mithyAtva Amrava (2) avirati Asava (3) pramAda Anava (4) kaSAya Amrava evaM (5) yoga aasv|"

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165 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Asrava ke pA~ca bheda Asrava ke pA~ca bheda haiM - (1) mithyAtva (2) avirati (3) pramAda (4) kaSAya evaM (5) yog| karma saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| karma kA Agamana yoga dvArA hone ke sAtha hI usameM svabhAva, phalodaya Adi kAraNoM se mithyAtvAdirUpa rAga-dveSAtmaka AtmapariNAma haiN| Upara ke pA~ca kAraNoM meM se pahale kI apekSA dUsare meM, dUsare kI apekSA tIsare meM isa prakAra kramazaH AkhirI arthAt pA~caveM bhAga meM vipAka-zakti se kama se kama zakti vAle karma kA Agamana hotA hai| isI ke sAtha jahA~ pahalA kAraNa hogA, arthAt mithyAtva hogA, yahA~ avirati Adi cAroM kAraNoM kA bhI astittva honA hI caahie| paraMtu dUsare, tIsare Adi kAraNoM meM pUrva ke kAraNoM kA astittva ho yA na ho, bAda ke kAraNa avazya hote haiN| jaba taka mithyAtva rahegA taka taka anya kAraNa bhI rheNge| isIliye Asrava ke kAraNoM meM prathama sthAna mithyAtva ko tathA avirati, pramAda kaSAya aura yoga ko kramazaH dUsarA, tIsarA cauthA aura pA~cavAM sthAna diyA gayA hai| ina pA~ca sthAnoM meM pahale kA arthAt mithyAtva kA sthAna pramukha hai aura vaha pA~coM sthAnoM meM dikhAI detA hai| (1) mithyAtva - karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa kauna-sA hai? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA ki karmabaMdhaH ca mithyAcvamuktam / 23 arthAt karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa mithyAtva hai| mithyAtva ko mithyAdRSTi tathA mithyAdarzana bhI kahate haiN| mithyA arthAt asatya aura dRSTi arthAt darzana athavA shrddhaa| asatya-zraddhAna yA asatya-darzana mithyAdRSTi hai| jIva Adi tattvoM ke viruddha zraddhAna ko mithyAtva kahate haiN| isa viparIta zraddhAna ke kAraNa jar3a padArthoM meM caitanya-buddhi, atattva meM tattva-buddhi, adharma meM dharma-buddhi Adi viparIta bhAvanAe~ hotI haiN| mithyAtva ke kAraNa sArAsAra viveka nahIM rahatA, padArtha ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM galata dhAraNA banatI hai| kalyANa-mArga para saccI zraddhA nahIM rhtii| mithyAtva - sahaja aura gRhIta do prakAra kA hotA hai| donoM prakAra ke mithyAtva meM tattva-viSayaka abhiruci nirmita nahIM hotii| AtmA kudeva ko deva, kuguru ko guru aura aMdha zraddhAoM ko dharma mAnatA hai|34 mithyAtva buddhi ko isa prakAra AcchAdita karatA hai ki yathArtha jJAna bhI zUnya ke samAna ho jAtA hai| svayaM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI yathArtha dRSTi nahIM raha paatii|

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166 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sAtha hI dUsare ke viSaya meM bhI yathArtha dRSTi nahIM raha paatii| mithyAdRSTi kI svarUpa-sthiti ko saMkSepa meM 'vivekazUnya nirjIva' zarIra kahA jAtA hai| tattva kA satya zraddhAna na hone se mithyAtva ke aneka bheda ho sakate haiM kyoMki Atma-pariNAmoM kI ginatI nahIM kI jA sktii| ve samyakUrUpa bhI hote haiM aura mithyAtvarUpa bhI hote haiN| jaba pariNAmoM kA pravAha tAttvika dRSTi aura satya-prarUpaNA kI ora unmukha hotA hai, taba vaha samyak rUpa hI atattva meM tattvadRSTi rUpa hotA hai| usI prakAra viparIta dhAraNA aura asatya Agraha Adi se yukta hokara usake anusAra prarUpaNA kI ora unmukha hone para mithyArUpa hotA hai| isa prakAra jIva jaba mithyAtva se yukta ho jAtA hai, taba ananta kAla taka saMsAra kA bandha karate hue saMsAra-paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai, kyoMki mithyAtva hI saba doSoM kA mUla hai| abhyantara meM vItarAga ke lie ruci hone para bhI usake viSaya meM viparIta abhiniveza (Agraha) ko utpanna karane vAlA mithyAtva kahalAtA hai| sAtha hI bAhya viSayoM meM parasaMbaMdhI zuddha Atmatattva se lekara saMpUrNa dravya taka jo viparIta arthAt ulaTe Agraha ko utpanna karatA hai, use mithyAtva kahate haiN| Agama-zAstra meM mithyAtva ko pApa kahA gayA hai| jaba taka mithyAtva kA astittva hotA hai, taba taka zubhAzubha sArI kriyAoM ko adhyAtma-dRSTi se pApa hI kahA jAtA hai| __ zarIradhArI jIva ke lie mithyAtva ke samAna dUsarA koI bhI akalyANakArI nahIM hai| mithyAtva hI saba se bar3A pApa hai| jIva Adi padArthoM kA zraddhAna na karanA mithyAdarzana hai|36 (2) avirati - virati kA artha hai tyAga aura tyAga na karanA 'avirati' hai| arthAt icchA aura pApAcaraNa se virata na honA avirati hai| indriya-viSayoM kA tyAga na karanA aura tyAga kI bhAvanA na rakhanA arthAta tyAga ke bAre meM udAsIna rahanA aura bhoga meM utsAha dikhAnA avirati hai| mAnava ke icchA karate hI kaSAya kI aisI jabardasta utpatti hotA hai, ki mAnava pUrNataH to dUra, thor3A sA bhI cAritra prApta nahIM kara paataa| icchA kI utpatti kA sthAna mana hai| pApa-pravRtti zarIra aura vacana ke dvArA hotI hai| isaliye mana aura indriyoM ke asaMyama se pravRtta hokara pRthvI Adi SaTkAya jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga na karanA tathA pratyAkhyAna na karanA avirati hai| abhyantara meM nija paramAtma-svarUpa kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa utpanna paramasukha rUpI amRta hai aura usa paramasukha meM prIti bhI hai, tathApi isake viparIta bAhaya viSayoM meM vrata Adi dhAraNa na karanA bhI, avirati hai|30

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva jaba taka mana aura iMdriyoM ko saMyamita nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka avirati kA pApa lagatA hai| kucha loga kahate haiM ki jo pApa hamaneM nahIM kiyA aura jina padArthoM kA hamaneM bhoga nahIM kiyA, unakA pApa hameM kyoM lagatA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai jaba daravAjA khulA rahatA hai, taba koI bhI aMdara A sakatA hai / isI prakAra jaba taka tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, AzA aura tRSNA rUpI daravAjA banda nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka usa daravAje dvArA Ane vAlA pApa sIdhe aMdara praveza karatA hai, ruka nahIM sktaa| 167 uparyukta kathana ko aura adhika spaSTa karane ke lie 'bhAvanA- zataka' meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bApa-dAdoM se arjita sampatti vyakti kI santAna yA vArisoM ko mila jAtI hai aura ve usa para apanA adhikAra samajhate haiM / usI prakAra pichale ananta janmoM meM jIva ne jo pApa karma kiye haiM; una karmoM kA vartamAna kAla meM kisI bhI prakAra kA pratyakSa saMbaMdha na hone para bhI; jaba taka pApa kA mana, vacana tathA kAyA ke dvArA tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, vrata dhAraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, pUrva ke adhikaraNoM (sAdhanoM) se usakA saMbaMdha naSTa nahIM hotA hai; taba taka samasta pApa-kriyAe~ jIva ko lagatI haiM / 3. bhale hI vartamAna kAla meM kisI bhI vastu ke sAtha saMbaMdha na ho aura indriya - bhoga bhI nahIM kiyA ho, parantu bhUtakAla meM saMparka rahA ho aura bhaviSyat kAla meM hone kI saMbhAvanA ho to bhI pApa karma ke Agamana ke daravAje ko banda kara denA caahie| paraMtu vaha daravAjA tabhI banda ho sakatA hai jaba pratyAkhyAna kiyA jAe tathA avirati kA tyAga kiyA jAye / avirati kA tyAga karane se jIva ko bar3e paimAne para lAbha hotA hai isIlie kahA gayA hai'niruddhAsave, suppaNihiye viharai / ' bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa, pR- 283 / asavalacaritte, aTThasu pavayaNamAyAsu uvautte apuhatte - tyAga karane kA pahalA lAbha yaha hai ki jIva AsravoM kA nirodha karatA hai aura karmAgamana kA dvAra baMda ho jAtA hai| dUsarA lAbha yaha hai ki zuddha cAritra kA pAlana hotA hai| tIsarA lAbha yaha hai ki pA~ca samiti tathA tIna guptirUpa 'aSTa pravacana' rUpI mAtA kI ArAdhanA meM hamezA jAgRti rahatI hai, jisase sanmArga meM samyak samAdhistha hokara jIva vicaraNa karatA hai aura rama jAtA hai| virati ke aneka lAbha haiM parantu avirati kI sthiti meM uparyukta eka bhI lAbha nahIM milatA, ulTe nukasAna hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isalie Atma-kalyANa ke lie avirati kA tyAga karanA cAhie / avirati ke bAraha bheda haiM

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168 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (1-6) pRthvI Adi SaTkAya jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga na krnaa| (7-11) sparza, rasa Adi paMcendriyoM ko viSaya-pravRtti se na roknaa| (12) mana kA asaMyama arthAt mana ko azubha pravRtti se na httaanaa| (3) pramAda * jAgarUkatA kA abhAva pramAda kahalAtA hai| arthAt Atma-kalyANa meM aura sata pravRtti meM utsAha na honA apitu anAdara honA pramAda hai| dharma ke lie AtmA kA Antarika anutsAha - Alasya bhAva athavA zubha upayoga kA abhAva, yA zubha kArya meM udyata na honA athavA samyagjJAna-darzana-cAritra rUpa mokSa mArga ke lie prayatna karane meM zithilatA karanA - ina sabhI kA nAma pramAda hai| bhAva yaha hai ki Atma-vikAsa kI pravRtti meM Alasya aura zithilatA ko pramAda kahate haiN| mithyAtva aura avirati ke samAna hI pramAda bhI jIva kA mahAn zatru hai| isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama se kahA, "he gautama! samayaM goyama, mA pmaaye|" arthAt 'kSaNamAtra kA bhI pramAda na kr'| dharma-kriyA meM pramAda karane se jinakA samaya vyartha calA jAtA hai, ve isa pramAda ke doSoM ke kAraNa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| isalie agara jIva ko isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM karanA hai, to vivekazIla AtmA ko kSaNa mAtra kA bhI pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| jinhone jIvana meM pramAda kiyA unhoMne apanI Ayu ko vyartha gNvaayaa| pramAda ke pA~ca bheda : (1) mada, (2) viSaya, (3) kaSAya, (4) nidrA, (5) vikathA - ye pA~ca pramAda jIva se saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAte haiN| inake artha isa prakAra haiM - mada : jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, jJAna, lAbha, aizvarya aura bar3appana kA garva krnaa| viSaya : paMcendriyoM kA - rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza aura zabda - ina viSayoM meM Asakta rhnaa| kaSAya : krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ina kaSAyoM meM pravRtti rkhnaa| nidrA : nIMda tathA Alasya ke kAraNa susta rhnaa| vikathA : nirarthaka aura pApajanaka kriyAoM jaise - strIkathA, bhojanakathA, rAjakathA, dezakathA Adi meM rasa lenaa| isa prakAra pramAda ke - cAra vikathAe~, cAra kaSAya, pA~ca indriya, eka nidrA tathA eka praNaya (mada) - kula paMdraha bheda hote haiN|

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169 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM me tallIna hone se, strIkathA, bhojanakathA, dezakathA aura rAjakathA Adi vikathAoM meM rasa lene se tathA nidrA aura praNaya Adi meM magna hone se kuzala (satpravRtta) mArga ke viSaya meM anAdara kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai|| isa prakAra jAgarUkatA ke abhAva meM kuzala karma ke viSaya meM anAsthA bhI utpanna hotI hai aura hiMsA kI bhUmikA bhI taiyAra hotI hai| hiMsA kA mukhya kAraNa pramAda hai| dUsare prANiyoM kI hatyA ho yA na ho, pramAdI vyakti ko hiMsA kA azubha milatA hI hai| saMpUrNa jagat meM mAnava-jIvana sarvazreSTha hai, isalie use pratyeka kSaNa kA upayoga naye karmAgamana ko rokane ke lie aura pUrva meM bA~dhe hue kamoM kA kSaya karane ke lie karanA caahie| ___ sAdhaka ko bhAraMDa pakSI ke samAna apramAdI yAnI sAvadhAna rahanA cAhie'bhAraMDa pakkhI ya creddpmtte'| (4) kaSAya * 'kaSAya' sAmAsika zabda hai jo do zabdoM se milakara banA hai - kaSa + Aya / kaSa kA artha hai - saMsAra kyoMki usameM jIva vividha duHkhoM ke kAraNa kaSTa sahana karate haiM aura pIr3ita hote haiN| Aya kA artha hai - praapti| ina donoM padoM kA sammilita artha hai - jisake dvArA saMsAra kI prApti hotI hai, use 'kaSAya' kahate hai| __vastutaH kaSAya-gati bar3I hI tIvra (prabala) hotI hai| janma-maraNa rUpI yaha saMsAra kaSAyoM se bharA huA hai| yadi kaSAya kA abhAva ho jAya to janma-maraNa kI paramparA kA viSavRkSa svayaM hI zuSka hokara naSTa ho jaayegaa| isIlie AcArya zayyaMbhava ne kahA hai - anigrahIta kaSAya punarbhava ke mUla meM pAnI dete haiM, use sUkhane nahIM dete| ____ kaSAya adhyAtma ke lie doSarUpa haiN| cAhe ve prakaTa hoM yA aprakaTa, ve AtmA ke jJAna tathA darzana ko aura cAritryarUpa zuddha svarUpa ko malina karate haiN| karma-raMgoM se AtmA ko ra~gate haiM aura dIrgha kAla taka AtmA kI sukha-zAnti ko chinnabhinna karate haiN| kyoMki kaSAya hI karma ke utpAdaka haiN| ve jIva ko duHkha dete haiN| agara kaSAya nahIM raheM to karma-baMdha bhI nahIM hogaa| AcArya vIrasena ne kaSAyoM kI kotpAdakatA ke saMbaMdha meM 'dhavalA' graMtha meM kahA hai - 'jo duHkharUpI anAja utpanna karane vAle karmarUpI kheta ko jotate haiM, phalayukta karate haiM, ve krodha, mAna, mAyA Adi kaSAya haiN|2 kaSAya -vedanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlA krodha Adi rUpa kAluSya kaSAya hai| arthAt AtmA ke kaluSita pariNAma ko kaSAya kahate haiN| kaSAya AtmA

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170 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ke svAbhAvika svarUpa ko naSTa karate haiM aura karma ke sAtha AtmA kA saMbaMdha jor3ate krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha - ina cAra kaSAyoM ke alAvA aneka prakAra ke kaSAyoM kA nirdeza Agama meM milatA hai| krodha Adi ina cAra kaSAyoM ko zAstroM meM luTeroM kI upamA dI gayI hai| parantu ina luTeroM meM aura sAmAnya luTeroM meM yaha antara hai ki dUsare prakAra ke luTere saMpatti kA haraNa karake bhAga jAte haiM, parantu krodhAdirUpa luTere AtmA kI saMpatti ko lUTakara AtmA meM hI chipakara baiTha jAte haiN| isalie unheM 'ajjhattha dosA' - AtmA meM chipe hue doSa, roga aura taskara kahA gayA hai| ye AtmA ko apane saMparka dvArA niHsatva aura tuccha karake saMsAra-paribhramaNa karAte haiN| isIlie kahA gayA hai - koho ya mANo ya aNiggahoA, mAyA ya loho ya pvddhmaannaa| cattAri ee kasiNA kasAyA, siMcanti mUlAi punnbbhvss|| - dazavaikAlika 8/40 isakA artha yaha hai ki krodha, mAna mAyA aura lobha vRddhiMgata hokara jIva ke punarjanma ke mUla meM siMcana karate rahate haiN| arthAt punarjanma, punaHmaraNa (punarapi jananaM, punarapi maraNaM) - isa prakAra bAra-bAra janma-maraNoM kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| kaSAyoM ke kAraNa jIva ke janma-maraNa ke mUla kAraNoM meM vRddhi hotI hai aura jIva bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ke dvArA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| kaSAya jIva kA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAte haiM, itanA hI nahIM, usake Atmika guNoM kA ghAta bhI karate haiN| krodha prIti kA nAza karatA hai, mAna vinaya kA nAza karatA hai| mAyA-kapaTa mitratA kA nAza karate haiM aura lobha sabhI guNoM kA nAza karatA hai| krodha se jIva kA adhaHpatana hotA hai| jIva apane sthAna se bhraSTa hotA hai| aura jo sthAna-bhraSTa hue haiM, unakI saMsAra meM pratiSThA nahIM rhtii| mAna-kaSAAya ke kAraNa sadgati prApta nahIM hotii| lobha se ihaloka-paraloka ke viSaya meM bhaya utpanna hotA hai, isalie ina AtmAghAtI kaSAyoM ko chor3anA hI caahie|" kaSAya kA Agamana hone para manuSya kI buddhi tathA vicArazakti zUnya ho jAtI haiN| usameM viveka nahIM rhtaa| sabhyatA aura ziSTAcAra nahIM rhte| isIlie kaSAyoM ko caNDAla-caukar3I kahA gayA hai| ye kaSAya rAta-dina kahIM bhI apane kukarma-vRtti rUpI zastra dvArA jIva kI zakti kA haraNa karate rahate haiN| 6 krodha Adi kaSAya AtmA ko kugati meM le jAne ke kAraNa hote haiM, AtmA ke svarUpa kI hiMsA karate haiM, isIlie ve kaSAya haiN|

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171 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva krodha va mAna - ye donoM dveSa haiN| mAyA aura lAbha - ye rAga haiN| AcAyoM ne kaSAyoM (rAga aura dveSa) kA anya prakAra se bhI varNana kiyA hai| kyoMki rAga va dveSa ye pramukha Asrava haiN| nyAyasUtra, gItA aura pAli-tripiTaka sAhitya meM bhI rAga-dveSa ke dvaMdva ko pApa kA mUla kahA gayA hai| kaSAyoM se mukti hI asalI mukti hai - kaSAyamuktiH kila eva muktiH|| bhAvanA yoga : eka vizleSaNa, pR. 246 / kaSAyoM ke bheda : kaSAyoM ke krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ye cAra bheda haiN| krodha Adi ke anantAnubaMdhI Adi cAra upabheda haiN| krodha Adi catuSka kA anantAnubaMdhI Adi cAra bhedoM se guNA karane para kaSAyoM ke solaha bheda hote hai - (1-4) anantAnubaMdhI catuSka {anantAnubaMdhI - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha}- ye utpanna hokara jIva ke hone taka naSTa nahIM hote tathA AtmA ke samyaktva guNa ko AvRta karate haiN| (5-8) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa catuSka {apratyAkhyAta - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha}inakI vAsanA eka varSa taka raha sakatI hai| ye kaSAya jIva ko cAritrya-pAlana nahIM karane dete| (6-12) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa catuSka {pratyAkhyAta krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha}- inakI vAsanA cAra mahInoM taka rahatI hai| jIva saMpUrNa saMyama pAlana karane meM asamartha hotA (13-16) saMjvalana catuSka {saMjvalana krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha}- inakA vAsanA- kAla paMdraha dinoM taka hotA hai| ina kaSAyoM kA udaya hone para yathAkhyAta cAritrya utpanna nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kaSAya ke uparyukta solaha bheda haiN| ye svayaM kaSAya nahIM haiM parantu kaSAya kI utpatti meM sahAyaka haiN| ye kaSAya dvArA abhivyakta hote haiN| aise kaSAyoM ko 'nokaSAya' kahate haiN| inake nau bheda haiM - (1) hAsya, (2) rati, (3) arati, (4) bhaya, (5) zoka, (6) jugupsA, (7) strIveda, (8) puruSaveda tathA (6) npuNskved|| isa prakAra catuSka ke anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha Adi solaha bheda haiN| inameM 'nokaSAya' ke nau bheda milAkara kaSAya ke paccIsa bheda ho jAte haiN| ye kaSAya bhAva jIva ke lakSaNa nahIM haiM, varan karmajanita vikArI pravRttiyA~ haiM, isalie ina kaSAyoM ko tyAga kara Atma-svarUpa meM lIna hone ke lie prayatna karanA caahie| krodha ko kSamA se, abhimAna (mAna) ko mArdava se mAyA ko Arjava (saralatA) se aura lobha ko niHspRhatA se jItanA caahie|

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172 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (5) yoga * mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ko yoga kahate haiN| yoga ke kAraNa Atmapradeza meM parispandana hotA hai tathA mithyAtva ke kAraNa AtmA karma kA grahaNa karatA hai| jisa prakAra nadI ke udgama-sthAna para mUsalAdhAra varSA hone para nadI kI bAr3ha kA pAnI rokA nahIM jA sakatA, usIprakAra jaba taka mana, vacana aura kAyArUpa yoga kI pravRtti calatI rahatI hai, taba taka karma se nivRtti nahIM ho sktii| yogabhASya Adi graMthoM meM 'cittavatti kA nirodharUpa dhyAna' - isa artha meM yoga zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| parantu jaina-darzana meM mana-vacana-kAyA se hone vAlI AtmA kI kriyA karma-paramANuoM ke sAtha AtmA kA yoga-saMbaMdha sthApita karatI hai, isalie use yoga kahA gayA hai| aura usake nirodha ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai| AtmA sakriya hai aura usake pradeza meM mana, vacana aura kAyA ke kAraNa parispaMdana hotA rahatA hai| parispaMdana kI yaha kriyA terahaveM guNasthAna meM hotI hai| caudahaveM guNa-sthAna meM ayogAvasthA hotI hai| mana, vacana, kAyA aura kriyA kA pUrNataH nirodha hotA hai aura AtmA zuddha evaM sthira hotA hai| karmajanya malinatA aura yogajanya caMcalatA naSTa hone para mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| yoga Amnava hai aura usake kAraNa karma kA Agamana hotA hai| zubha yoga se puNya kA Asrava hotA hai aura azubha yoga se pApa kA Anava hotA hai| AtmA kI pravRtti ke do bheda haiM - (1) bAhya tathA (2) abhyNtr| bAhya pravRtti kA nAma yoga hai aura abhyaMtara pravRtti kA nAma adhyavasAya yA pariNAma hai| ye donoM hI (1) zubha aura (2) azubha haiN| zubha yoga aura zubha adhyavasAya ke nimitta saMyama, tapa, tyAga Adi haiN| ve karma-nirjarA ke kAraNa haiN| azubha yoga aura azubha adhyavasAya ke lie mithyAvAdI logoM kA saMyoga kAraNa hai, aura yaha karma Asrava kA dvAra hai| azubha yoga to ekAnta rUpa se Asrava hai aura zubhayoga Asrava aura nirjarA kA kAraNa hai| zubha yoga se puNya-prakRti kA Asrava hone ke sAtha hI azubha-prakRti kI nirjarA bhI hotI hai| AtmA apanI bAhya pravRtti, kriyA aura parispaMdana; mana, vacana aura kAyA dvArA karatA hai| yoga ke mukhya tIna bheda haiM - mana, vacana, aura kaayaa| jaba taka inakA pravAha pracaNDa rUpa se calatA hai, taba taka AtmA ko usake dvArA hone vAlI pravRtti kA pariNAma bhoganA par3atA hai| isalie yoga kA sadbhAva terahaveM guNasthAna

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173 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva taka mAnA gayA hai| aura cauhadaveM guNasthAna meM yoga kA abhAva hone se tathA karma kA Agamana sarvathA ruka jAne se AtmA kA astittva siddha hotA hai| agara karma ke Asava ko rokanA hai, to sarvaprathama mana kA nigraha karanA pdd'egaa| mano-nigraha hone para vacana aura kAya-yoga kA nigraha sahaja hogaa| mana kA nigraha duSkara hai, parantu asaMbhava nahIM hai| manonigraha ke lie jo upAya gItA meM batAye gaye haiM, ve hI pAtaMjala yoga-zAstra meM bhI kahe gaye haiN| abhyAsena tu kaunteya vairAgyeNa ca gRhayAte (gItA, a0 6, zloka 35) / abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAm tannirodhaH (pAtaMjala yogadarzana, sU0 12, pRSTha 30) / abhyAsa aura vairAgya se cittavRtti kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai| jaina-zAstra meM gupti aura samiti ko nigraha kA upAya kahA gayA hai| manonigraha ke lie upAya ke rUpa meM anya sAdhanoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| parantu ina sabhI kA eka hI artha hai ki prayatnazIla hokara nigraha kiijie| mana kA nigraha hone para vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti meM apane Apa hI parivartana hogA aura karma ke Asava meM nyUnatA aayegii| yoga ke bheda - sAmAnyataH mana, vacana aura kAyA - ye yoga ke mukhya tIna bheda haiN| parantu vizeSa rUpa se yoga ke nimnalikhita paMdraha bheda haiM - (1) satya-manoyoga,(2) asatya-manoyoga, (3) mizra-manoyoga, (4) vyavahAra-manoyoga, (5) satya-vacana-yoga, (6) asatya-vacana-yoga, (7) mizra-vacana-yoga, (8) vyavahAra-vacana-yoga, (6) audArika-kAya-yoga, (10) audArika-mizrakAya-yoga, (11) vaikriya-kAya-yoga, (12) vaikriya-mizra-kAyayoga, (13) AhAraka-kAya-yoga, (14) AhAraka-mizrakAya-yoga, (15) kaarmnnkaay-yog| Upara likhe paMdraha bhedoM meM se kucha bheda heya haiM to kucha bheda upAdeya haiN| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya se azubha karma Ate hai| isalie inheM azubha Asrava kahate haiN| ye Asava saMsAra-baMdha ke kAraNa haiM isaliye inheM sAMparAyika Anava kahate haiN| parantu yoga ko bhI Asava kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki yoga do prakAra kA hai - (1) zubha aura (2) ashubh| zubha yoga se puNyabaMdha aura nirjarA hotI hai| nirjarA-yukta zubha yoga ko IryApathika Asrava kahate haiN| ina saba AmravoM meM mithyAtva hI mukhya Anava hai| mithyAtva chUTane para karmAgamana rukatA hai aura karmAgamana ruka jAne para AtmA ajarAmara banatA hai|2|| Asrava ke bIsa bheda Amnava ke pA~ca jaghanya bheda, bIsa madhyama bheda aura bayAlIsa utkRSTa bheda haiN| inameM se pA~ca bhedoM kA spaSTIkaraNa pUrva meM ho cukA hai|

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174 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Asrava ke bIsa madhyama bheda ye haiM - (1) mithyAtva Amnava : viparIta zraddhA ko mithyAtva kahate haiM (kuguru, kudeva tathA kudharma para zraddhA rakhanA aura paccIsa prakAra ke mithyAtvoM kA sevana krnaa)| (2) avrata Asrava : tyAga na karanA (pA~ca indriyoM aura mana ko kAbU meM na rakhanA, SaTkAya jIvoM kI hiMsA se dUra na rahanA- yaha bAraha prakAra kI avirati hai)| (3) pramAda Anava : dharma ke bAre meM udAsIna rahanA (madaviSaya, kaSAya, nidrA tathA vikathA krnaa)| kuzalakArya arthAt puNyakArya meM udAsIna bhAva pramAda hai| (4) kaSAya Amnava : jIva ke krodha Adi vikAra ko kaSAya Amrava kahate haiN| (5) yoga AsavaH mana, vacana aura kAyA kI azubha pravRtti ko yoga Asrava kahate (6) prANAtipAta Asava : jIvoM kI hiMsA krnaa| (7) mRSAvAda Asrava : jhUTha bolnaa| (8) adattAdAna Asava : corI krnaa| (E) maithuna Asrava : abrahmacarya kA sevana krnaa| (10) parigraha Asrava : parigraha rkhnaa| (11) zrotrendriya Anava : kAnoM ko zabda sunane ke lie pravRtta krnaa| (12) cakSurindriya Asrava : A~khoM ko rUpa dekhane ke lie pravRtta krnaa| (13) ghrANendriya Asava : nAka ko gaMdha lene ke lie pravRtta krnaa| (14) rasanendriya Amnava : jilA ko rasa grahaNa ke lie pravRtta krnaa| (15) sparzendriya Asrava : zarIra ko sparza karane ke lie pravRtta krnaa| (16) mana Asava : mana se aneka prakAra kI duSpravRtti krnaa| (17) vacana Amnava : vacana se aneka prakAra kI duSpravRtti krnaa| (18) kAya Amnava : kAyA se aneka prakAra kI duSpravRtti krnaa| (16) bhANDopakaraNa Asrava : kisI vastu ko asAvadhAnI se lenA yA rkhnaa| (20) sUcikuzAgra Asrava : suI Adi sAdhana asAvadhAnI se lenA yA rkhnaa| Asrava ke bayAlIsa bheda umAsvAtijI ke matAnusAra Asrava ke bayAlIsa bheda haiN| ye sAmparAyika Amnava ke bheda haiM, jo nimnalikhita haiM : pA~ca indriyA~ cAra kaSAya pA~ca avrata tIna yoga 10 m

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175 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva / paccIsa kriyA 25 kula 42 ukta bayAlIsa bhedoM kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai - pA~ca indriyA~ 1- sparzana : zarIra ko sparza karane ke lie pravRtta krnaa| 2- rasana : jilA ko rasa grahaNa karane ke lie pravRtta krnaa| 3- ghrANa : nAka ko gaMdha lene ke lie pravRtta krnaa| 4- cakSu : A~khoM ko rUpa dekhane ke lie pravRtta krnaa| 5- zrotra : kAnoM ko sunane ke lie pravRtta krnaa| cAra kaSAya 1- krodha : gussA krnaa| 2- mAna : garva krnaa| 3- mAyA : kapaTapUrNa AcaraNa krnaa| 4- lobha : Asakti rkhnaa| pA~ca avrata 1- hiMsA : pramatta yoga se hone vAlA prANivadha hiMsA hai - pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA - tattvArtha 7/8 / 2- asatyaHasatya bolnaa| anRta hI asatya hai-'asadabhidhAnamanRtam-tattvArtha 7/6 / 3- corI : diye binA lenA corI hai - adattAdAnam steym| - tattvArtha 7/10 / 4- abrahma : maithuna-pravRtti abrahma hai - maithunam abrahma - tattvArtha 7/11 / 5- parigraha : mUrchAbhAva (Asakti) parigraha hai - mUrchA parigrahaH - tattvArtha 7/12 / tIna yoga 1- mana yoga : mana ko azubha kArya meM pravRtta krnaa| 2- vacana yoga : vacana ko azubha kArya meM pravRtta krnaa| 3- kAya yoga : kAyA ko azubha kArya meM pravRtta krnaa| paccIsa kriyAe~ paccIsa kriyAe~ sAMparAyika karma ke baMdhana ke lie kAraNa haiN| kriyA do prakAra kI hai - (1) jIva ke nimitta se lagane vAlI jIva kriyA aura (2) ajIva nimitta se lagane vAlI ajIva kriyaa| jIva-kriyA ke bhI do bheda haiM - (1) samyaktvI jIvoM ko lagane vAlI kriyA tathA (2) mithyAtvI jIvoM ko lagane vAlI kriyaa| ajIva kriyA ke do bheda haiM - (1) sAmparAyika kriyA aura (2) IryApathika kriyaa|

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176 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva IryApathika kriyA eka hI prakAra kI hai| sAmparAyika kriyA ke paccIsa bheda haiM, jo nimnalikhita haiM - 1- kAyikI kriyA : duSTatApUrvaka aura ayatanApUrvaka kAyA kI pravRtti krnaa| 'merA zarIra durbala hogA' Adi vicAroM se vrata-niyama Adi kA pAlana aura dharmAcaraNa na karate hue AraMbhajanaka (jisase pApa lagatA hai aisA) kArya karanA kAyikI kriyA hai| usake do bheda haiM- (1) anuparata kAyikI kriyA aura (2) doSayukta kAyikI kriyaa| 2- adhikaraNikI kriyA : cAkU, churI, kaiMcI, suI, talavAra, bhAlA Adi zastroM kA saMgraha yA prayoga karane se tathA kaThora aura duHkhajanaka vacanoM kA uccAra karane se adhikaraNikI kriyA lagatI hai| isake do bheda haiM - (1) saMyojanAdhikaraNikI, (2) nirvrtnaadhikrnnikii| 3- prAdveSikI kriyA : krodha ke Aveza meM hone vAlI kriyaa| IrSyA-dveSa karanA, jIva aura ajIva ke prati matsara bhAva rakhanA aura dUsare kA burA dekhakara AnaMdita hone se yaha kriyA lagatI hai| isake do bheda haiM- (1) jIva ke prati dveSa bhAva rakhanA, (2) ajIva ke prati dveSa bhAva rkhnaa| 4- pAritApanikI kriyA : prANiyoM ko duHkha dene, kisI bhI zastra se apane yA dUsare ke zarIra ke avayavoM kA chedana karane ityAdi se lagane vAlI kriyaa| isake do bheda haiM - (1) svahastikI kriyA tathA (2) parahastikI kriyaa| 5- prANAtipAtikI kriyA : viSa se yA zastra se jIva kA ghAta karane se yaha kriyA lagatI hai| svayaM prANI kA nAza karane yA dUsare ko nAza karane ke lie kahane se isa kriyA ke do bheda ho jAte haiM- (1) svahastikI kriyA tathA (2) parahastikI kriyaa| 6- ArambhikI kriyA : pRthvIkAya Adi SaTakAya-jIvoM kI hiMsA kA jaba taka tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka jo pApa lagatA hai, vaha AraMbhikI kriyA hai| isake do bheda haiM - (1) jIvoM kA AraMbha karane se lagane vAlI kriyA evaM (2) ajIvoM kA AraMbha karane se lagane vAlI kriyaa| 7- parigrahikI kriyA : dhana-dhAnya, kSetra, vastu, sonA, cA~dI, dvipAda, catuSpAda Adi kA saMgraha karane se aura usa ke prati moha-mamatva rakhane se lagane vAlI kriyaa| isake do bheda haiM- (1) jIvaparigraha kriyA aura (2) ajIva parigraha kriyaa| 8- mAyApratyayA kriyA : kapaTa karane se lagane vAlI kriyaa| apanI duSTa bhAvanAoM ko chupAkara acchepana kA pradarzana karane tathA dUsaroM ko pha~sAne ke lie aneka yojanAe~ banAne se lagane vAlI kriyaa| isake bhI do bheda haiM . (1) AtmabhAva-vakratA tathA (2) prbhaav-vkrtaa| 6- apratyAkhyAnapratyayA kriyA : upabhoga-paribhoga kI vastuoM kA jaba taka tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka yaha kriyA lagatI hai| isake do bheda haiM - (1) sajIva

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva 177 vastu kA pratyAkhyAna na karane se aura (2) ajIva vastuoM kA pratyAkhyAna na karane se 1 10- mithyAdarzanapratyayA kriyA : kuguru, kudeva aura kudharma para zraddhA rakhane se yaha kriyA lagatI hai| isake do bheda haiM- (1) nyUnAdhika mithyAdarzanapratyayA tathA (2) viparIta mithyAdarzanapratyayA / 11- dRSTi-kriyA : kisI bhI vastu ko dekhane se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake bhI do bheda haiM- (1) jIvadRSTi aura ( 2 ) ajIvadRSTi / 12- spRSTi-kriyA : rAga-dveSa ke adhIna hokara kisI bhI vastu kA sparza karane se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake do bheda haiM- ( 1 ) jIvaspRSTi aura (2) ajIvaspRSTi / 13- pADucciyA ( prAtItyikI) kriyA : jIva aura ajIva ina bAhUya vastuoM ke nimitta se jo rAga-dveSa utpanna hotA hai, usase lagane vAlI kriyA / isake bhI do bheda haiM- ( 1 ) jIva - prAtItyikI aura ( 2 ) ajIva prAtItyikI / 14- sAmantopanipAtikI kriyA : Asa-pAsa ke loga Akara gAya, ghor3e Adi jIvoM kI yA ratha, ghara, vastra, alaMkAra Adi kI prazaMsA karate haiM / usa prazaMsA ko sunakara khuza hone se aura ghI, tela Adi kA pAtra khulA rakhane para usameM jIva-jantuoM ke girane se lagane vAlI kriyA sAmantopanipAtikI kriyA hai / isake do bheda haiM- ( 1 ) jIvasAmantopanipAtikI tathA (2) ajIvasAmantopanipAtikI / 15 - svahastikI ( sAhatthiyA) kriyA : paraspara jhagar3e karAne se lagane vAlI kriyA / bher3a, murgI, hAthI, manuSya Adi meM paraspara lar3AI karAne se aura ajIva vastu, vastra, pAtra Adi kA tADana karane se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake do bheda haiM - (1) jIva - svahastikI tathA ( 2 ) ajIva - svahastikI / 16- naizastrikI (nesatthiyA) kriyA : kisI bhI vastu ko avyavasthita rakhanA arthAt jIva-jantu dekhe binA vastu rakha dene se yaha kriyA lagatI hai / isake do bheda haiM ( 1 ) jIvanesatthiyA tathA ( 2 ) ajIvanesatthiyA / 17- AjJApanikA ( ANavaNiyA ) kriyA : mAlika kI AjJA ke binA kisI bhI vastu ko grahaNa karane athavA grahaNa karake vastu mA~gane se lagane vAlI kriyA / arthAt sajIva yA ajIva vastu ke mA~gane se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake do bheda haiM (1) jIva - ANavaNiyA, (2) ajIva - ANavaNiyA / - 18- vaidAraNikA (veyAraNiyA) kriyA : kisI bhI vastu kA vidAraNa (cIra-phAr3a) karane se lagane vAlI kriyA, cAhe vaha vastu sajIva ho yA ajIva / isake bhI do bheda haiM - ( 1 ) jIva - vidAraNiyA tathA (2) ajIva - vidAraNiyA / 16- anAbhogapratyayA kriyA : sAvadhAnI ke binA kArya karane se laganevAlI kriyA, arthAt ayatanApUrvaka vastu yA pAtra lene yA rakhane se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake do bheda haiM - (1) vastra aura pAtra lene aura rakhane meM asAvadhAnI, (2) vastra - pAtra ke pratilekhana meM asAvadhAnI /

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178 jaina darzana ke nava tattva 20- aNavaMkakhavattiyA kriyA : apekSA ke binA kAma karanA tathA ihaloka aura paraloka ke viruddha kAma karanA / hiMsA meM dharma kahane, sAtha hI mahimApUjA ke lie tapa, saMyama Adi kA AcaraNa karane se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake do bheda haiM (1) svayaM halacala karane se lagane vAlI kriyA aura (2) dUsare ko halacala karane meM lagAne se lagane vAlI kriyA / 21- aNApaogavattiyA kriyA : do vastuoM kA saMyoga karavAne se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake do bheda haiM- (1) sajIva aura ( 2 ) ajIva / 22- sAmudANayA kriyA : kaI loga milakara jo sAmudAyika kArya karate haiM, usase lagane vAlI kriyA / jaise- kaMpanI, nATaka, vyApAra Adi meM ha~sanA, khelanA, prazaMsA karanA ityAdi karmabaMdhoM se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake tIna bheda haiM (1) sAntara, (2) niraMtara tathA (3) tadubhaya / 23- pejjavattiyA (premapratyayA) kriyA : prema (anurAga) ke kAraNa lagane vAlI kriyA / isake do bheda haiM- (1) mAyAcAra karane se lagane vAlI kriyA evaM (2) lobha karane se lagane vAlI kriyA / 24 - dosavattiyA (dveSapratyayA) kriyA : dveSa bhAvanA se lagane vAlI kriyA / isake bhI do bheda haiM (1) krodha karane se lagane vAlI kriyA aura (2) mAna karane se laganevAlI kriyA / 1 25- iriyAvahiyA kriyA : jo kriyA IryApatha arthAt gamanAgamana se lagatI hai use iriyAvahiyA kriyA kahate haiM / isake do bheda haiM- (1) chadmastha akaSAya sAdhu ko calane-phirane se lagane vAlI kriyA tathA ( 2 ) saMyogakevalI arihaMta ko lagane vAlI kriyA / karmabaMdha ke kAraNa utpanna hue duSTa vyApAra- vizeSa arthAt kriyA (sAMparAyika) hotI hai| Upara kI paccIsa kriyAe~ karmabaMdha kI kAraNa haiM, isalie samyagdRSTi jIva ko unase dUra rahane kA prayatna karanA caahie| uparyukta bhedoM ko milAkara Asrava ke bayAlIsa bheda hote haiM ina bayAlIsa bhedoM se jIva ko azubha karma bhogane par3ate haiN| prazna- vyAkaraNa aura AsravadvAra prazna- vyAkaraNa dasavA~ jaina Agama ( zAstra ) hai / isameM do zrutaskandha haiM (1) AsravadvAra - zrutaskandha aura ( 2 ) saMvaradvAra zrutaskandha / prathama zrutaskaMdha meM Anava-paMcaka kA aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM saMvara- paMcaka kA varNana hai / sudharmA svAmI ne apane ziSya jaMbusvAmI se kahA "he jaMbu ! praznavyAkaraNazAstra ke do zrutaskaMdha haiN| eka zrutaskaMdha AmravadvAra - zrutaskaMdha hai| usameM bhagavAn ne Asrava-paMcaka kA varNana kiyA hai aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM saMvara- paMcaka kA varNana hai| usI meM bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki Asrava-paMcaka kA tyAga

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva 179 karake saMvara-paMcaka kA bhAvapUrNa rakSaNa karane se jIva karma-raja se mukta hotA hai aura sarvazreSTha siddhi prApta karatA hai| " saMvara - paMcaka meM saMvara ke saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai ki saMvara anAsravarUpa hai, chidrarahita hai, aparisrAvI hai, saMkleza se rahita hai aura samasta tIrthaMkaroM dvArA upadiSTa hai / parantu Asava isake viparIta hai / isa prakAra praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM Anava aura saMvara kA vistRta varNana hai / " Asrava aura saMvara meM antara jina pApa-kriyAoM se AtmA bA~dhA jAtA hai, una kriyAoM ko Asrava yA karmabaMdha kA dvAra kahate haiM / saMyama mArga para pravRtta hokara indriya, kaSAya aura saMjJA kA nigraha karane para hI AtmA meM pApa kA praveza dvAra baMda hotA hai| ise hI saMvara kahate haiM / jise kisI bhI vastu ke prati rAga, dveSa yA moha nahIM hai, aura jo sukha-duHkha ko samAna mAnatA hai, aise bhikSu (sAdhu) ko zubha yA azubha karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA / jisa virakta manuSya kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM meM pApa-bhAva yA puNya-bhAva utpanna nahIM hotA, use hamezA saMvara hotA hai / vaha zubha aura azubha karmoM se baddha nahIM hotA / 62 Anava ko eka dRSTi se 'vikArI pariNAma ke bhAva AnA' kahA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra havA ke kAraNa vRkSoM meM parispaMdana ( kaMpana) kI gati bar3hatI hai, usI prakAra Atma- pradeza meM ina kaSAya Adi vikArI bhAvoM ke kAraNa halacala utpanna hotI hai / ina halacala kI kriyAoM ko hI Asava kahate haiM / saMvara meM jisa prakAra karmarUpI havA kI gati ruka jAtI hai, usI prakAra Atma- pradeza meM rAga, dveSa aura moha Adi bhAva bhI ruka jAte haiM / jaise karma ke kAraNa ko pahacAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI, use Atma- pradeza meM AyA jAnakara kaSAya Adi ko rokane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, yahI saMvara hai / karma Aye aura phira vaha apane Apa ruka jAye, aisA kabhI ho nahIM sktaa| havA kA pravAha AtA hai aura calA jAtA hai, parantu havA kA vega jaba taka rahatA hai, taba taka parispaMdana karatA rahatA hai| usakI samApti hone para yaha parispaMdana Adi rUpa kriyA apane Apa hI ruka jAtI hai| AtmA kA svabhAva eka jaisA hI rahatA hai, parantu AtmA vikArI bhAva se apanI kriyA karatA hai / jo vikArI bhAvoM kI kriyAoM ko samajhatA hai, vahI Atma-svarUpa meM sthita hotA hai| Atma-svarUpa meM sthita hone ko hI 'saMvara' kahate haiM 1 Asrava karma kA kartA, karma kA upAya, karma kA hetu, usakA nimitta aura karma ke Agamana kA dvAra hai / dazavaikAlikasUtra ke cauthe adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki Asrava dvAra ko baMda karane se pApa karma nahIM hotaa| tIsare adhyayana meM bhI Asrava kA ullekha hai / 63

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva 1 prazna- vyAkaraNa - sUtra meM pA~ca AmravadvAra aura pA~ca saMvaradvAra batAye gaye haiM ina donoM kA vahA~ atyanta vistRta varNana hai / * bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Asrava ko phUTI huI naukA kI upamA dI hai| isakA vivecana bhagavatIsUtra ke tRtIya zataka ke tRtIya uddezaka meM aura usI sUtra ke pahale zataka ke chaThe uddezaka meM milatA hai / karma kA nirodha karane vAlI AtmA kI avasthA kA nAma 'saMvara' hai / saMvara Anava kA virodhI tattva hai| Asrava karma-grAhaka avasthA hai aura saMvara karma-nirodhaka hai / pratyeka Asrava kA eka-eka pratipakSI saMvara hai / jaise mithyAtva Anava kA pratipakSI samyaktva saMvara hai / avirati Anava kA pratipakSI pramAda Asava kA pratipakSI kaSAya Anava kA pratipakSI yoga Asrava kA pratipakSI 180 saMvara pratipakSI haiM / - - vrata saMvara hai 1 apramAda saMvara hai / - akaSAya saMvara hai I isI prakAra prANAtipAta Adi paMdraha AnavoM ke aprANAtipAta Adi paMdraha ayoga saMvara hai / Anava aura saMvara ke pratipakSI hone se donoM ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA meM samAnatA dikhAI detI hai / Asrava ke pA~ca bheda haiM, aura saMvara ke bhI pA~ca bheda haiM / Asrava ke bIsa bheda haiM, saMvara ke bhI bIsa bheda haiN| saMvara ke sattAvana bheda haiM, Anava ke bhI kahIM-kahIM sattAvana bheda milate haiM / parantu bayAlIsa bheda to spaSTa hI haiN| Asava ko naukA kI upamA dete haiM, saMvara ko bhI vahI upamA dI jAtI hai 1 Anava meM dravyAnava aura bhAvAsrava haiM, saMvara ke bhI dravya-saMvara aura bhAva-saMvara - ye do bheda dikhAI dete haiN| Asrava ke kAraNa jIva ko saMsAra paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai / parantu saMvara ke kAraNa saMsAra - paribhramaNa kama hotA hai / Asrava heya hai, saMvara upAdeya hai| Anava mokSa kI coTI ko prApta karane meM sahAyaka nahIM hai jabaki saMvara mokSa kI coTI ko prApta karane meM sahAyaka hai / Asrava aura baMdha meM antara prazna upasthita hotA hai ki mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya, yoga Asrava aura baMdha ke ye hetu samAna haiN| phira Asrava aura baMdha meM kyA antara hai? isakA uttara yaha hai ki prathama kSaNa meM jisa karmaskaMdha kA Agamana hotA hai, vaha Asrava hai / karmaskaMdha ke Agamana ke bAda dvitIya kSaNa meM usa karmaskaMdha kA jIva- pradeza meM sthita honA bandha hai / Asrava aura baMdha meM yahI antara hai / 65 bauddha-sAhitya meM Asrava bahane kI kriyA ko Asrava kahate haiM, jaise- 'nadI Asravati' ( nadI bahatI

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181 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bauddha-darzana meM bhI Asrava (Asava) zabda AtA hai| paraMtu usakA artha citta-mala batAyA gayA hai| jIva kaSAya yA citta-mala se yukta hokara AvAgamana karatA hai| __ 'Asava' zabda ko spaSTa karate samaya bauddha-sAhitya meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI vastu ke sthira na hote hue bhI usa vastu ko sthira mAnanA anAdi doSa hai| usakA nAma avidyA hai| yaha avidyA Asava ke kAraNa prakaTa hotI hai| isa Asava ke cAra bheda haiM - (1) kAmAsava, (2) bhAvAsava, (3) dRzyAsava aura (4) avidyaasv| inake artha isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM - (1) kAmAsava : zabdAdi viSaya prApta karane kI icchaa| (2) bhAvAsava : paMca skaMdha arthAt sacetana deha meM jIne kI icchaa| (3) dRzyAsava : bauddha-dRSTi ke viruddha dRSTi-sevana karane kA veg| (4) avidyAsava : asthira yA anitya padArtha ke viSaya meM sthiratA yA nityatA kI buddhi| Asava avidyA ke sAmAnya vikAra haiM aura kleza avidyA kA viziSTa vikAra hai|67 kaI jaina-pAribhASika zabdoM ko jaina-darzana se bauddhoM ne liyA hai| Amnava zabda bhI unhoMne jaina-darzana se hI liyA hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| vedoM meM prayukta Anava zabda kA artha soma Adi mAdaka vastu hai| isalie vaidika 'Asava' zabda kA, jaina-pAribhASika zabda 'Asava' ke sAtha saMbaMdha nahIM hai| dhammapada meM AmravakSaya-viSayaka aneka gAthAe~ hai| Asrava aura karma bhinna-bhinna haiM zrIhemacandrasUri kA kathana hai ki jo karma-pudgala grahaNa ke hetu haiM, ve Asrava haiM aura jo grahaNa kie jAte haiM, ve jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karma haiN| isa prakAra Asrava aura karma bhinna-bhinna haiM, eka nahIM haiN| Asrava karma-Agamana kA kAraNa hai isalie vaha karma se bhinna hai| jIva dvArA kRta mithyAtva Adi karma Anava ke kAraNa hote haiN| jIva dvArA kie jAne vAle karma ko Atma-pradeza meM grahaNa karanA- mithyAtva Adi Asrava kA hetu hai| Amrava kAraNa arthAt sAdhana hai aura karma kArya hai| Asrava jIva kA pariNAma yA kArya hai aura karma usa pariNAma yA kriyA kA paudgAlika phala hai| isalie karma se ise pRthak mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra cheda aura usameM praviSTa hone vAlA pAnI, daravAjA aura usameM praviSTa hone vAle prANI- eka nahIM haiM, pRthak-pRthak haiM; usI prakAra Asrava aura karma bhinna-bhinna haiM, eka nahIM haiN|

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182 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva nirAmavI hone kA upAya gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA - "jIva nirAmavI kaise hotA hai?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttara diyA - "he gautama! prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha aura rAtri-bhojana ke viramaNa (tyAga) se jIva nirAnavI hotA hai| jo pA~ca samitiyoM se yukta, tIna guptiyoM se yukta, kaSAyarahita, jitendriya, gauravarahita aura niHzalya hotA hai, vaha jIva nirAnavI hotA hai| __ gautama ne eka bAra mahAvIra se pUchA - "bhante! pratyAkhyAna karane (saMsArI viSaya-vAsanA kA tyAga karane) se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai?" bhagavAn ne uttara diyA, "he gautama! pratyAkhyAna se jIva Asava-dvAra baMda kara sakatA hai aura icchAnirodha kara sakatA hai| icchA-nirodha ke kAraNa jIva saba dravyoM se tRSNArahita hotA hai aura zAnta banatA hai|" isa kathana kA sAra yahI hai ki apratyAkhyAna Asrava hai| usake kAraNa karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai| jo pratyAkhyAna karatA hai, usakI AtmA meM naye karmoM kA praveza nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra eka bAra gautama ne pUchA, "bhagavan! aneka janmoM meM saMcita kiye gaye karmoM se mukti kaise prApta hogI?" prabhu ne kahA, "jisa prakAra tAlAba kA pAnI Ane kA mArga baMda karane para aura aMdara kA pAnI ulIcane para vaha sUrya kI uSNatA se sUkha jAtA hai; usI prakAra pApa-karma ke Asrava ko rokane para arthAt nirAnavI hone para, sAdhaka ke aneka janmoM ke saMcita karma tapa dvArA naSTa ho jAte haiN|72 uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hotA hai ki navIna karma ke Agamana kA nirodha karanA yA Asrava ko rokanA - karma se mukta hone kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| jo Anava-rahita hotA hai, usake ati jar3a karma bhI tapa se naSTa ho jAte haiN| __jIva tAlAba ke samAna hai| Asrava jala-mArga ke samAna hai aura karma pAnI ke samAna hai| jIvarUpI tAlAba ko karmarUpI pAnI se khAlI karane ke lie AsravarUpI jharanA pahale baMda karanA caahie| jainAgama meM Asava-dvAra ke nirodha kA ullekha aneka jagaha AyA hai| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki Asrava pApa-karma ke Agamana kA hetu hai| nayA karmabaMdha na ho isalie pahale use rokanA Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra karma se mukta hone ke lie navIna karma se dUra rahanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra pUrvasaMcita karma se mukta hone ke lie nirAmravI honA Avazyaka hai| jIva meM Asrava ke dvArA karmAgamana hotA hai kyoMki jIva ke acche-bure pariNAma puNya-pApa ke Asrava se hote haiN| karma ke praveza-mArga ko Atma-pradeza se dUra rakhanA jIva kA kartavya hai| karma, pudgala hone para bhI Atma-pradeza meM isa prakAra AtA hai ki jIva apane jJAnasvabhAvI AtmA ko pahacAna nahIM sktaa| usI

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva 183 prakAra mana, vacana tathA kAyA kI kriyAoM ko bhI nahIM roka sktaa| isalie karma - pudgaloM ko Ane se rokanA hI sAdhaka kI siddhi hai / jisa jIva ne Asrava kA nirodha kara apane Atma-svarUpa kA jJAna prApta kara liyA hai, use AdhyAtmika dRSTi se 'tattvajJAnI' kahA gayA hai| jo mithyAtva ke kAraNoM se rahita banakara tathA mamatvarahita hokara vItarAgatA ke mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai, vahI Asava se mukta ho sakatA hai / yadi mAnava ko Asravatattva kA yathArtha jJAna ho jAye arthAt karma kaise Ate haiM, karmoM kA baMdha kaise hotA hai, Asava ke kAraNa saMsAra - paribhramaNa kaise karanA par3atA hai, ina sabhI kA jJAna ho jAye tabhI vaha Asrava se parAvRtta hone kA prayatna kara sakatA hai 1 yaha saMsAra sAgara ke samAna hai| isameM janma, jarA, mRtyu Adi aneka duHkharUpa pAnI bharA huA hai| tRSNA aura AzA rUpI mahAbhayaMkara lahareM uTha rahI haiN| aise saMsAra - sAgara meM karma AsravoM ke kAraNa jIva paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| Asrava ke kAraNoM aura doSoM ko jAnakara jIva jaba-jaba unakA tyAga karegA, tabhI vaha isa saMsAra - sAgara ko pAra kara sakegA aura janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra-cakra se mukta hokara akSaya, avyAbAdha aura sukharUpa nirvANa ko prApta kara sakegA / Anava ke 42 bhedoM ko bhedavRkSa ke dvArA isa prakAra prastuta kiyA jA Asrava ke bayAlIsa bheda sakatA hai Ipitha kaSAya avrata indriya 1- sparzana 1- krodha 1- hiMsA 2- rasana 2- mAna 2- asatya 3- ghrANa 3- mAyA 3- corI 4- cakSu 4- lobha 5- zrotra 4- abrahma 5- parigraha Amrava yoga 1- mana 2- vacana 3- kAyA kriyA 1 - kAyika kriyA 3 - prAdveSikI 5- prANatipAtikI 7- parigrahikI sAmparAyika 2- adhikaraNikI kriyA 4- paritAnanikI 6- AraMbhikI 8. mAyApratyayA 6- apratyAkhyAnapratyayA 10- mithyAdarzana pratyayA 11- dRSTi-kriyA 13- pADucciyA 15 - svahastikI 17- ajJApanikA 16- anAbhogapratyayA 20- aNavakaMkhavattiyA 21- aNApaogavattiyA22- sAmudANiyA 24- dosavattiyA 23- pejjavattiyA 25- iriyAvahiyA 12- sRSTi kriyA 14- sAmantopanipAtikI 16- naizastrikI 18 - vaidAraNikA

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184 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sandarbha 1. abhayadevasUri TIkA - sthAnAMgasUtra - sthA. 5, u.2, sU. 418, pR. 300 AyavaNaM-jIvataDAge karmajalasya AgamanamAzravaH, kAnibandhanamityarthaH, tasya dvArANIva dvArANiupAyA AmravadvArANIti / tathA saMvaraNaM - jIvataDAge karmajalasya nirodhanaM saMvarastasya dvArANi upAyAH saMvaradvArANimithyAtvAdInAmAnavANAM krameNa viparyayAH samyaktvaviratyapramAdAkaSAyitvAyogitvalakSaNAH / 2. (ka) zrImadamRtacandrasUri-tattvArthasAra (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya)-pR.110 sarasaH salilAvAhidvArAmatra janairyathA / tadAnavahetutvAdAnavo vyapadizyate / / Atmano'pi tathaiveSA jiryogapraNAlikA / karmAnavasya hetutvAdAnavo vyapadizyate / / (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 2, TIkA, pR.506 tatpraNAlikayA karmAnavaNAdAnavAbhidhAnaM salilavAhidvAravat / 4 / yathA saraHsalilavAhidvAraM tadAnavaNakAraNatvAt Amrava ityAkhyAyate, tathA yogapraNAlikayA AtmanaH karma AsravatIti yogaH Asrava iti vyapadezamarhati / 3. anu. jainAcArya zrIamolakaRSijI ma. sUyagaDAMgasUtra - a. 21, dvitIya zrutaskandha, gA. 17, pR. 468-466. natthi Asave saMvare vA, ---- evaM sanna nivesae / 4. saM. bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI - jainalakSaNAvalI - bhAga 1, pR. 221 (ka) Azrayate gRhyate karma anena ityAnavaH zubhAzubhakarmAdAnahetuH / / (kha) mithyAtvAdyAstu hetavaH ye bandhasya sa vijJeyaH Asravo jinazAsane / / (ga) sa Asrava iha proktaH karmAgamanakAraNam / (gha) Atmani karmAnupravezamAtraheturAnava iti / / (ca) vijayAnaMdasUri - jainatattvAdarza - pR. 227 Anavanti Agacchanti karmANi jIveSu yena sa AsavaH / 5. (ka) munizrI nyAyavijayajI - jainadarzana - pR. 21 (kha) anu. jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. upAsakadazAMgasUtra - pR. 126 AmnavaH A = samantAt savati = pravizatyarthAdAtmani jJAnAvaraNIyAdyaSTavidhaM karma yena saH AmnavaH / 6. umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 1,2 kAyavAGmanaH karmayogaH / 1 / sa AmravaH / 2 /

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185 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 7. paM. vijayamuni zAstrI - samayasArapravacana - pR. 54 8. kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 1, pR. 266 (ka) puNyapApAgamadvAralakSaNa AmravaH / (kha) Amnavatyanena AsravaNamAnaM vA AnavaH / (ga) Amnava iva AmnavaH / ka upamArthaH / 6. upanirdiSTa bhAga 1, pR. 266 yathA mahodadheH salilamApagAmukhairaharaharApUryate tathA mithyAdarzanAdidvArAnupraviSTaiH karmabhiranizamAtmA samApUryata iti / 10. zrIgopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela-kuMdakuMdAcAryAce ratnatraya - pR.62 11. AcArya zrIAnanda RSi-bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 237-238 12. AcArya bhikkhU - navapadArtha - pR. 366 13. AcArya bhikkhU - navapadArtha - pR. 366 14. saM- udayavijayagaNi - navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (zrIhemacandrasUri-saptatattvaprakaraNam) - gA. 62, pR. 6 yaH karmapudgalAdAnahetuH proktaH sa AmravaH / / __ karmANi cASTadhA jJAnAvaraNIyAdibhedataH / / 62 / / 15. (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 8, sU. 1 mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH / / 1 / / (kha) anu. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. ThANAMga - ThA. 5, u. 2, pR. 562 paMca AsavadArA pannatA taM jahA - micchattaM, aviraI, pamAo, kasAyA, jogaa| (ga) saM. puphphabhikkhU - suttAgame (samavAyAMga) - bhAga 1, sa. 5, pR. 316 paMca AsavadArA pannattA, taM jahA-micchattaM aviraI pamAyA kasAyA jogA / 16. haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya - pR. 274-275 Amavasya pUrvabandhApekSayA kAryatvamiSyate, uttarabandhApekSayA ca kAraNatvam / evaM bandhasyApi pUrvottarAnavApekSayA kAryatvaM ca jJAtavyaM bIjAMkurayoriva baMdhAnavayoranyonyaM kAraNatvaM kAryakAraNabhAvaniyamAt / 17. upanirdiSTa pR. 275 Asrava puNyApuNyabandha hetutayA dvividhaH / dvividho'pyayaM mithyAtvAdyuttarabhedApekSa yotkarSApakarSabhedApekSayA vAnekaprakAraH / 18. AcArya bhikkhU - navapadArtha - pR. 370 16. kundakundAcArya-paMcAstikAya - gA. 135, pR. 166 rAgo jassa pasattho aNukaMpAsaMsido ya pariNAmo / cittamhi Natthi kalusaM puNNaM jIvassa Asavadi / / 135 / /

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186 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 20. upanirdiSTa gA. 136, pR. 203 cariyA pamAdabahulA kAlussaM loladA ya visayesu / paraparitAvapavAdo pAvassa ya AsavaM kuNadi / / 136 / / 21. zrImadUamRtacandrasUri (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) - tattvArthasAra - gA. 101, pR. 137 hiNsaanRtcuraabrhmsnggsNnyaaslkssnnm| vratapuNyAsavotthAnaM bhAveneti prapaMcitam / / 101 / / 22. upanirdiSTa gA. 102, pR. 138 hiMsAnRtacurAbrahmasaGgAsaMnyAsalakSaNam / cintyaM pApAnavotthAnaM bhAvena svayamavratam / / 102 / / 23. AcArya zrIAnandaRSijI ma. bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 238-236 24. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha gA. 26, 30, 31. pR. 77-76 / Asavadi jeNa kammaM pariNAmeNappaNo sa viNNeo / bhAvAsavo jiNutto kammAsavaNa paro hodi / / 26 / / micchAttAviradipamAdajogakodhAdao'ya viNNeyA / paNa paNa paNadasa tiya cadu kamaso bhedA du puvassa / / 30 / / NANAvaraNAdINaM joggaM jaM puggalaM samAsavadi / davvAsavo sa Neo aNeyameo jiNakkhAdo / / 31 / / 25. kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 1, pR. 266 laghRNa taM NimittaM jogaM jaM puggale padesatthaM / pariNamadi kammabhAvaM taM pi hu davvAsavaM bIjaM / AmravatyAgacchati jAyate karmatvaparyAyapudgalAnAM kAraNabhUtenAtmapariNAmena sa pariNAma bhAva AmravaH / 26. (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 5 sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH sAmparAyikeryApathayoH / 5 / (kha) zrImadvidyAnaMda svAmI - tattvArthazlokavArtika - pR. 444 sa sAMparAyikasya syAtsakaSAyasya dehinaH / IryApathasya ca prokto'kaSAyasyeha sUtrataH / / 1 / / 27. kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 1, pR. 266 28. (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra (anu. paM. sukhalAlajI) - pR. 241-242 (kha) zrImad amRtacandrasUri-tattvArthasAra (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) - caturtha adhikAra, zloka 5 se 7, pR. 110-111

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187 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jantavaH sakaSAyA ye karma te sAmparAyikam / arjayantyupazAntAdyA IryApathamathApare / / 5 / / sAmparAyikametasyAdAcarmasyareNuvat / sakaSAyacayasya yatkarma yogAnItaM tu mUrcchati / / 6 / / IryApathaM tu tacchuSkakuDyaprakSiptaloSTavat / / akaSAyasya yatkarma yogAnItaM na mUrcchati / / 7 / / 26. (ka) upanirdiSTa caturtha adhikAra, zlo. 8, pR. 111 catuHkaSAyapaMcAkSaistathA paMcabhiravratai / kriyAbhiH paMcavizatyA sAmparAyikamAnavet / / 8 / / (kha) umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 6, avratakaSAyendriyakriyAH paMcacatuH paMcapaMcaviMzatisaMkhyAH pUrvasya bhedAH / / 6 / / 30. kundakundAcArya- kundakundabhAratI (samayasAra-AmravAdhikAra) - a.4, gA. 164, 165, pR. 67 micchatta aviramaNaM kasAyajogA ya saNNasaNNA du / bahuvihabheyA jIve tasseva aNaNNapariNAmA / / 164 / / NANAvaraNAdiyassa te du kammassa kAraNaM hoti / / tesipi hodi jIvo ya rAgadosAdibhAvakaro / / 165 / / 31. anu- jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. ThANAMga - ThA. 5, u. 3 paMca AsavadArA pannatA taM jahA micchattaM aviraI pamAo kasAyA jogaa| 32. AcArya zrIAnandaRSi-bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 240 33. bhAratabhUSaNa paM. muni zrIratnacandrajI ma. bhAvanAzataka - pR. 224 34. (ka) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 311 viparItAbhinivezopayogavikArarUpaM zuddhajIvAdipadArthaviSaye viparItazraddhAnaM mithyaatvmiti| (kha) AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (saM. muni samadarzI prabhAkara, mahAsatI umarAva ku~vara, paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla) - dvitIya prakAza, zlo- 3, pR. 28 adeve devabuddhiryA, gurudhIragurau ca yA / adharma dharmabuddhizca, mithyAtvaM tadviparyayAt / / 3 / / 35. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadrvyasaMgraha - gA. 30, pR. 78 (amRtacandrasUri TIkA) abhyantare vItarAganijAtmatattvAnubhUtiruciviSaye viparItAbhinivezajanakaM, bahirviSaye tu parakIyazuddhAtmatattvaprabhRtisamastadravyeSu viparItAbhiniveSotpAdakaM ca mithyAtvaM bhaNyate / 36. (ka) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 312

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188 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva azreyazca mithyAtvasamaM nAnyattanUbhRtAm / (kha) upanirdiSTa bhAga 3, pR. 311 taM micchattaM jamasaddahaNaM taccANaM hoi atthANaM / 37. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - gA. 30, pR. 78 (amRtacandrasUri TIkA) abhyantare nijaparamAtmasvarUpabhAvanotpannaparamasukhAmRtarativilakSaNA vahirviSaye punaravratarUpA cetyaviratiH / 38. bhAratabhUSaNa munizrIratnacandrajI ma. bhAvanAzataka - pR. 231 pravRddhairjanairajite dravyajAte / prapautrA yathA svatvavAdaM vadanti bhavAnantyasaMyojite pApakArye / vinA suvrataM nazyati svIyatA no / / 51 / / 36. (ka) AcArya zrIAnandaRSi - bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 242-243 (kha) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 1, pR. 212 aviratidazavidhAH SaTkAyaSaTkaraNaviSayabhedAt / 40. bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrIratnacandrajI ma- bhAvanAzataka - pR. 236 mada viSaya kasAyA, niddA vigahA paMcamA bhaNiyA / / / e e paMca pamAyA, jIvA pADaMti saMsAre / / 1 / / 41. (ka) AcArya zrIAnandaRSi - bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 244-246 (kha) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 147 vikaha tahA kasAyA iMdriyaNiddA taheva pamAo ya / cadu cadu paNa egegaM hoti pamAdA hu paNNarasA / / / (ga) devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 168-166. 42. devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 169 (ka) kaSyante prANI vividhaduHkhairasminniti kaSaH saMsAraH, tasya Ayo lAbho yebhyaste kaSAyAH - pratikramaNasUtravRtti AcArya nmi| (kha) siMcaMti mUlAiM puNabbhavassa / - dazavai. 8 (ga) duHkhazasyaM karmakSetraM kRSanti phalavatkurvanti iti kaSAyAH - dhavalA / 43. kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 2, pR. 35 kaSAyavedanIyasyodayAtmanaH kAluSyaM krodhAdirUpamutpadyamAnaM 'kaSatyAtmAnaM hinasti' iti kaSAya ityucyate / 44. dazavaikAlikasUtra - a. 8, bhA. 38 koho pIiM paNAsei, mANo viNaya nAsaNo /

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189 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ___ mAyA mittANi nAsei, lobho savva viNAsaNo / / 38 / / 45. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 6, gA. 54. ahe vayai koheNaM mANeNaM ahamA gaI / mAyA gaIpaDigdhAo lobhAo duhao bhayaM / / 46. bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrI ratnacandrajI ma. bhAvanAzataka - pR. 238 kaSAyAstu naktaMdivaM sarvadeze / kukarmAstramAzritya zaktiM haranti / / 47. (ka) AcArya zrIAnandaRSi - bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 247-250 (kha) AcArya hemacandra - yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 6,7,8 pR. 116 syuH kaSAyA krodhamAnamAyAlobhAH zarIriNAm / caturvidhAste pratyekaM bhedaiH saMjvalanAdibhiH / / 6 / / pakSaM saMjvalanaH pratyAkhyAno mAsacatuSTayam / / apratyAkhyAnako varSa janmAnantAnubandhakaH / / 7 / / vItarAga-yati-zrAddha-samyagdRSTitva-ghAtakAH / / te devatva-manuSyatattva-tiryaktva-narakapradAH / / 8 / / (ga) upanirdiSTa zlo. 23, pR. 120 kSAntyA krodho mRdutvena mAno mAyA''rjavena ca / lobhazcAnIhayA jeyAH kaSAyA iti saMgrahaH / / 23 / / 48. kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 360 (ka) maNasA vAyA kAeNa vA vi juttassa viriyapariNAmo jIvassa (jiha) ppaNijogo jogo tti jiNehiM NidiTTo / (kha) AtmapradezAnAM saMkocavikoco yogaH / (ga) yojanaM yogaH saMbaMdha iti yAvat / (gha) yogaH samAdhiH samyakpraNidhAnamityarthaH / (ca) yujeH samAdhivacanasya yogaH samAdhiH dhyAnamityanarthAntaram / 46. bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrI ratnacandrajI ma. bhAvanAzataka - bhA. 54, pR. 242 suvRSTo yathA no nadIpUrarodhaH / pravRttI yathA cittavRttena rodhaH / / tathA yAvadasti tridhA yogavRtti - na tAvatpunaH karmaNAM syAnnivRttiH / / 54 / / 50. devendramunizAstrI - jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 200 51. AcArya zrIAnandaRSi - bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 250-253 52. AcArya zrIAnandaRSi - jainadharma : navatattva - pra. 22

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190 53. (ka) prakAzaka zrIagaracaMda bhairodAna seThiyA navatattva, pR. 75 (kha) jainAcArya zrI amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 353 54. pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi aviratirdvAdazavidhA SaTkAyaSaTkaraNaviSayabhedAt / jaina darzana ke nava tattva a. 8, sU. 1, pR. 221 55. pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi sa ca pramAdaH kuzaleSvanAdaraH / 56. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 353 57. umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 6. avratakaSAyendriyakriyAH paMcacatuH paMcapaMcaviMzatisaMkhyAH pUrvasya bhedAH / / 6 / / 58. (ka) zrImadamRtacandrasUri - tattvArthasAra (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) - pR. 112-113 (kha) prakAzaka zrI agaracanda bhairodAna seThiyA navatattva pR. 76 - 81. 56. (ka) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza pR. 354-363. (kha) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 2, pR. 174. (ga) saM pupphabhikkhU - arthAgama ( bhagavatIsUtra ) khaNDa 2, pR. 678-621. 60. saM. udayavijayagaNi-navatattvasAhityasaMgraha ( devaguptasUri-navatattvaprakaraNam) -gA. 6, - a. 8, sU. 1, pR. 220 - pR. 16 iMdiyakasAya avvaya-kiriyA paNacaupaMcapaNavIsA / jogA tiNNeva bhave, vAyAlaM Asavo hoi / / 6 / / 61. (ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame ( paNhAvAgaraNaM-praznavyAkaraNa) bhAga 1, pR. 1166-1200 jaMbU dasamassa aMgassa samaNeNaM jAva saMpatteNaM do suyakhaMdhA paNNattA-AsavadArA ya saMvaradArA ya / 65. kSu. jinendra varNI-jainendrasiddhAntakoza (kha) upanirdiSTa pR. 1223 paMcave ya ujjhiUNaM paMceva ya rakkhiUNa bhAveNa / kammarayavippamukkA siddhivaramaNuttaraM jaMti / / 5 / / (ga) upanirdiSTa pR. 1226 aNAsavo akaluso acchiddo aparissAvi asaMkiliTTo suddho savvajiNamaNunnAo / 62. zrI gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela- kuMdakuMdAcAryAMce ratnatraya pR. 1 se 130 va saMvaradvAra, pR. 131 se 228. - - - 63. anu. jainAcArya AtmArAmajI ma. dazavaikAlikasUtra 64. anu. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. praznavyAkaraNasUtra-AsravadvAra, - pR. 36. a. 3-4, pR. 34 - 141 - bhAga 1, pR. 267.

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191 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Asave bandhe ca mithyAtvAviratyAdikAraNAni samAnAni ko vizeSaH / iti cet naivaM, prathame kSaNe karmaskandhAnAmAgamanamAnavaH, AgamanAntaraM dvitIyakSaNAdau jIvapradezeSvavasthAnaM bandha iti bhedaH / 66. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana-darzanadigdarzana - pR. 568. 67. devendramuni zAstrI-jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 200-201 68. saM. vinobA bhAve-dhammapadam (navasaMhitA) - pR. 82-83 66. saMyojaka udayavijayagaNi-navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (hemacandrasUrisaptatattvaprakaraNam) - zlo. 62, pR. 8. 70. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 30, sU. 2,3 pANavaha-musAvAyA adatta-mehuNa-pariggahA virao / rAIbhoyaNavirao jIvo bhavai aNAsavo / / 2 / / paMcasamio tigutto akasAo jiindio / agArao ya nissallo jIvo hoi aNAsavo / / 3 / / 71. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 26, sU. 14. paccavakkhANeNaM bhante / jIve kiM jaNayai ? paccakkhANeNaM AsadArAI nirumbhaI / 72. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 30, sU. 5,6.

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SaSTha adhyAya saMvara-tattva (Arrest of the influx of Karma) nava tattvoM meM 'saMvara' chaTA tattva hai| Anava ko rokanA tathA karma ko na Ane denA 'saMvara' hai| saMvara Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| Atma-pradeza meM Agamana karane vAle karmoM kA praveza rokanA hI saMvara kA kArya hai| anAdi kAla se jIva karmAvRta banakara saMsAra-sAgara meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| jIva kabhI koM kA kSaya karatA hai to kabhI kamoM kA baMdha karatA hai| paraMtu kSaya yA baMdha kI prakriyA se AtmA bhavapAra nahIM ho sktaa| Asava ke kAraNa naye kamoM kI vRddhi hotI hI rahatI hai| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga - ye karmavRddhi ke kAraNa haiN| inase kamoM kA Agamana kaise hotA hai, Atma-pariNAmoM kI sthiti kaisI hotI hai, mithyAtva ke kAraNa AtmA ko saMsAra meM kaise paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai Adi kA varNana Asrava tattva meM ho cukA hai| AtmA karmAvRta banakara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai, phira bhI Atma-vikAsa kI zakti usameM chipI rahatI hai| a~dhere se prakAza kI ora aura ajJAna se jJAna kI ora jAne ke lie jIva ke prayatna calate rahate haiN| isa prakAra ke prayatna karanA hI saMvara-mArga para calanA hai| ___ Asava-tattva meM AtmA ke patana kI avasthA ko dikhAyA gayA hai aura saMvara meM AtmA ke utthAna kI avasthA dikhAI gayI hai| agara jIva meM doSa haiM, to una doSoM ko dUra karane ke upAya bhI hone hI caahie| durguNa hoMge to unheM dUra karake sadguNa bhI prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para Amnava ke bAda saMvara kA krama AtA hai kyoMki Asava meM doSa-utpAdaka kAraNa batAye gaye haiM aura saMvara meM una kAraNoM kA nirmUlana karane vAle upAya batAye gaye haiN| Atma-pariNAma agara vaitaraNI nadI hai, to manorathoM ko pUrNa karane vAlI kAmadhenu bhI hai aura jaise naraka meM kUTazAlmalI vRkSoM kA jaMgala hai, vaise hI svarga meM nandanavana bhI hai| isI prakAra Asrava hai, to usakA pratipakSI saMvara bhI hai| baMdha aura mokSa Atma-pariNAma para hI nirbhara haiN| jaba AtmA azubha se nivRtta hokara zubha kI tarapha mur3atA hai, mithyAtva se samyaktva kI ora jAtA hai, avirati se virati kI ora mur3atA hai, taba kamoM kA Agamana rokA jAtA hai aura AtmA Asrava se saMvara kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| __ jaba ghara kA dvAra baMda hotA hai taba koI bhI ghara meM praveza nahIM kara sakatA, dhUla bhI nahIM A sktii| nAva meM chidra na ho to nAva meM pAnI praveza nahIM kara sktaa| jharanA baMda karane para tAlAba meM pAnI praveza nahIM kara sktaa| usI

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193 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva prakAra mithyAtva Adi kA abhAva hone para AtmA meM karma prevaza nahIM kara sktaa| arthAt navIna karma kA Anava nahIM hogA aura Asrava kA nirodha hone para zubhAzubha karma nahIM A skeNge| isI hetu saMvara kA astittva sthApita huA?' saMvara kI vyAkhyAe~ - saMvara zabda sam tathA vR se milakara banA hai| 'sam' upasarga hai aura 'vR' dhAtu hai| 'vR' kA artha hai rokanA yA add'aanaa| yahI saMvara zabda kI vyutpatti hai| Anava strota ;pacamaddha kA daravAjA hai| use jo rokatA hai, vahI saMvara hai| jo AtmA ko vaza meM karatA hai usI ko saMvara prApta hotA hai| ___Anava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai, arthAt samasta AmravoM ko rokanA saMvara hai| mana, vacana, kAyA - ina tIna guptiyoM ko nirAmnavI banAnA saMvara hai| Amava karmarUpI pAnI ke jharane ke samAna hai| use rokakara karmarUpI pAnI kA rAstA baMda karanA saMvara hai| saMvara yaha saMvara ke samAna hI hai|' jisase karma rokA jAtA hai vaha saMvara hai| mithyAdarzana Adi jo karma ke Agamana ke nimitta haiM, unakA abhAva honA saMvara hai| arthAt mithyAdarzana Adi nimitta se hone vAle karma kA ruka jAnA 'saMvara' hai| jina samyak darzana Adi athavA gupti, samiti Adi pariNAmoM se mithyAdarzana Adi pariNAma roke jAte haiM, unheM rokane vAle upAya saMvara haiN| ___ karma ke Asrava ko rokane meM samartha tathA svAnubhava meM pariNata jIva ke zubha aura azubha karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha saMvara hai| karma ke Anava ko rokane meM jo samartha hai, vaha saMvara hai| saMvara ke samyaktva, kaSAya-jItanA aura yoga kA abhAva jaise anya bhI nAma haiN| Asrava (AtmA kI caMcalatA, yoga, padasinaga) kA nirodha honA (karma-pudgaloM kA AtmA meM praveza na honA) saMvara hai|| karmabaMdhana jisake yoga se rukatA hai use 'saMvara' kahate haiN| jisa ujjvala, Atma-pariNAma se karmabaMdhana rukatA hai usa (ujjvala pariNAma) ko saMvara kahate haiN| isa prakAra karmabaMdhana ko rokane ke kAraNa ko saMvara kahate haiN| __ Amnava-avasthA meM jIva ke pradeza meM parispaMdana (kampana) hotA rahatA hai| Amnava ke nirodha se jIva ke caMcala pradeza sthira hote haiN| Atma-pradeza kI caMcalatA Amnava-dvAra hai aura sthiratA saMvara-dvAra hai| ___AtmA kI rAga-dveSamUlaka azuddha pravRtti ko rokanA saMvara kA kArya hai| saMvara ke kAraNa AtmA meM navIna karmoM kA Agamana nahIM hotaa| jisake kAraNa AtmA meM praveza karane vAle karma rukate haiM, vaha gupti, samiti Adi se yukta saMvara nAma kA tattva hai||

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva saMvara AtmA kA nigraha karane se hotA hai| yaha nivRttiparaka hai, pravRttiparaka nahIM / isalie pravRtti hI Asrava aura nivRtti hI saMvara hai / jina upAyoM se Asrava kA nigraha hotA hai, ve upAya hI saMvara haiN| 1 jisa prakAra rogI kA roga naSTa hone meM auSadhi kAraNa hai usI prakAra Asrava ko rokane vAle upAya saMvara haiM / sArAMzataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki Asrava kA nirodha karanA hI saMvara hai / " 90 1 saMsAra meM Ane kA kAraNa Asrava hai aura mokSa kA kAraNa saMbara hai| yahI dharma ke siddhAntoM kA sArAMza hai / " Asava ke kAraNa naye karmoM kA praveza hotA hai aura saMvara se naye karmoM kA praveza ruka jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA krama Asrava nirodha ke vikAsa para AdhArita hai| isalie jaise-jaise Asrava nirodha bar3hatA jAyegA, vaise-vaise guNasthAna kI bhI vRddhi hotI jAyegI / " guNasthAna" jaina-dharma kA pAribhASika zabda hai| AtmA ke guNoM kA kramazaH vikAsa jisa sthAna para hotA hai usa sthAna ko jaina-dharma meM " guNasthAna" kahate haiN| samasta karmoM se AtmA kI mukti hokara use jo muktAvasthA prApta hotI hai, usa avasthA ko jainiyoM ne "nirvANa" kahA hai| karma baMdhana AtmA kI bhAvanA para nirbhara karatA hai| bhAvanA kA artha hai vicAra / AtmA jaise-jaise bure vicAra mana meM lAtA hai, vaise-vaise usake durguNa bar3hate haiN| guNasthAna ke kAraNa AtmA meM kaunase bhAva haiM yaha samajhA jAtA hai aura AtmA kI yogyatA kyA hai, yaha bhI samajhA jAtA hai| 194 - jaina-tattvajJAna meM guNasthAnoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai / jo antima guNasthAna para ArUr3ha hotA hai, vaha nirvANa (mokSa) pada para ArUr3ha hotA hai / guNasthAna caudaha haiN| ye caudaha guNasthAna mokSa- mandira kI caudaha sIr3hiyA~ haiM / 2 AtmA ke karma ke upAdAnahetubhUta pariNAma kA abhAva saMvara kahalAtA hai| isalie kucha karmoM ke Agamana ke nimitta kA abhAva hI saMvara hai / " saMvara ke astittva ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne sUtrakRtAMga zAstra meM kahA hai 'yaha mata samajho ki Asrava aura saMvara nahIM hai, apitu yaha samajho ki Asrava aura saMvara haiM' / * 14 Asrava dvAra karma ke Agamana kA dvAra hai / yaha dvAra baMda karane para saMvara kA astittva sthApita hotA hai / AtmA ko vaza meM karane para Atma-nigraha se saMvara hotA hai| yaha uttama guNaratna hai kyoMki mokSa kA mukhya mArga saMvara hI hai / saMvRta AtmA aura sAsrava AtmA naukA ko pAnI meM utArane para yadi naukA meM pAnI praveza kare to yaha siddha hotA hai ki vaha AnavinI yA sachidra hai / yadi naukA meM pAnI praveza na kare to 'vaha anAnavinI yA chidrarahita hai' yaha siddha hotA hai / isI prakAra jisa AtmA

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195 jaina- darzana ke nava tattva meM mithyAtva Adi rUpa chidra hai, vaha sAsrava AtmA hai aura jisameM mithyAtva Adi rUpa chidra nahIM haiM, vaha saMvRta AtmA hai / sAnava AtmA mAnane se saMvRta AtmA apane Apa hI siddha ho jAtA hai / saMvara ke saMbaMdha meM kucha udAharaNa : ( 1 ) tAlAba ke jharanoM ko niruddha karane ke samAna jIva ke Anava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai 1 (2) ghara kA daravAjA baMda karane ke samAna jIva ke Asava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai / (3) naukA ke chidra ko niruddha karane kI taraha jIva ke Asrava kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai / " 15 saMvara Atma-nigraha se hotA hai : Asrava kA nirodha kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ke nirodha kA prazna hI utpanna nahIM hotaa| samasta Asrava dvAroM kA nirodha karanA hI saMvara hai / " 16 I jo kArya nirodha karane yogya hai, vaha Asrava hai| pApa pravRtti kA nirodha karanA saMvara hai| Atma-nigraha se AtmA ko vaza meM karane se saMvara hotA hai| AcArya zrI hemacandrasUri kahate haiM ki jina upAyoM se jo Anava rukatA hai, usa Asava ke nirodha ke lie unhIM upAyoM kA upayoga karanA caahie| jaise kSamA se krodha ko jItanA cAhie, mRdu-bhAva se abhimAna para vijaya prApta karanI cAhie, RjutA ( saralatA) se mAyA ( kapaTa) para vijaya prApta kareM aura niHspRhatA se lobha kA nirodha kareM / asaMyama se utpanna hue viSaile bhogoM ko akhaNDa saMyama se naSTa kreN| manayoga, vacana yoga aura kAyayoga ko managupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti se jIta lenA caahie| apramAda se pramAda ko dUra kreN| sAvadya yoga ( pApamaya yoga ) ke tyAga se virati-saMvara prApta kareM / samyagdarzana se mithyAtva naSTa kareM aura Arta tathA raudra dhyAna ko mana kI zubha sthiratA se dUra kareM / " 17 guNaratna hai : mokSa-mArga ke lie saMvara uttama pahale saMsAra aura bAda meM mokSa aisA krama hai| pahale mokSa aura bAda meM saMsAra - aisA krama nahIM hai| mokSa sAdhya hai, saMsAra tyAjya hai| isa saMsAra ke mukhya hetu Asrava aura baMdha haiM aura mokSa ke pramukha hetu saMvara aura nirjarA haiM / " saMvara se Asrava kA arthAt naye karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha hotA hai / nirjarA se pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| isa prakAra se donoM mokSa-ra - sAdhanA ke anivArya sAdhana haiN| - -

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196 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jo saMvarayukta hai, vaha mokSa ke amogha sAdhana se yukta hai| vaha atyaMta guNavAna hai| samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyak cAritrya ko ratnatraya kahA gayA hai| saMvara samyak cAritra hai, isalie yaha uttama guNaratna hai| mokSa ke do sAdhaka tattva haiM - (1) saMvara aura (2) nirjraa| jitane Asrava haiM utane hI saMvara bhI haiN| Asrava ke pA~ca bheda haiM, isalie saMvara ke bhI pA~ca bheda haiM - saMvara ke bheda saMvara ke do bheda haiM - (1) dravyasaMvara aura (2) bhaavsNvr| saba prakAra ke AnavoM kA nirodha saMvara hai| saMvara ke dravya-saMvara aura bhAva-saMvara do bheda haiN| inameM se karmapudgala ke grahaNa kA chedana yA nirodha karanA dravya-saMvara hai| aura saMsAra-vRddhi kI kAraNabhUta kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA tathA AtmA kA zuddhopayoga karanA arthAt samiti, gupti Adi bhAva-saMvara haiN| AtmA kA pariNAma hai karmAnava, use rokane meM jo kAraNabhUta hotA hai, use bhAva-saMvara kahate haiN| aura jo dravya-Asrava ko rokane meM kAraNabhUta hotA hai, vaha dravya-saMvara hai| ____ pA~ca vrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, dasa dharma, bAraha anuprekSA, bAIsa parISahajaya aura pA~ca cAritra- inheM jAnanA bhAvasaMvara hai| Amrava-rahita sahaja svabhAva hone se saba karmoM ko rokane meM kAraNa jo zuddha paramAtma-tattva hai, usake svabhAva se utpanna jo zuddhacetana pariNAma hai, vaha bhAva-saMvara hai| aura bhAva-saMvara ke kAraNa se utpanna jo kAryarUpa (navIna dravya karmoM ke Agamana kA) abhAva hai, vaha dravyasaMvara hai| ___eka udAharaNa dvArA prastuta viSaya kA svarUpa adhika spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kalpanA kIjie ki eka manuSya kisI tAlAba ko khAlI karane ke lie usameM se pAnI nikAlakara bAhara pheMka rahA hai| vaha rAta-dina bar3A parizrama kara rahA hai| vaha eka tarapha se pAnI nikAla kara bAhara pheMka rahA hai, aura dUsarI tarapha se pAnI tAlAba meM praveza kara rahA hai| isa prakAra rAta-dina parizrama karane se jitanA tAlAba khAlI hotA hai, utanA hI yA usase bhI adhika pAnI tAlAba meM bharatA hI jAtA hai| aisI paristhiti meM kitane bhI prayatna kiye jAyeM, parizrama kiyA jAya, to bhI tAlAba khAlI hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| jaba jharanoM ko baMda karake pAnI ko bAhara pheMkA jAegA, tabhI tAlAba khAlI ho skegaa| saMvara isa udAharaNa se acchI taraha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| AtmA tAlAba ke samAna hai| usameM karma rUpI pAnI bharA huA hai| Asrava rUpI jharanoM se usameM rAta-dina karmarUpI pAnI praveza karatA hI rahatA hai| sAdhaka tapa Adi sAdhanoM dvArA karma rUpI pAnI ko bAhara phaiMkane kA prayatna karatA hai, paraMtu jaba taka karmoM ke Agamana kA daravAjA hama baMda nahIM karate, taba taka karma-jala se bharA huA

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197 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Atma-sarovara khAlI nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra AgnavarUpI jharanoM ko baMda karanA hI saMvara hai|" saMvara ke pA~ca bheda saMvara AranavoM kA nirodhaka hai| AgnavoM ke jisa prakAra mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga - ye pA~ca bheda haiM, usI prakAra pratipakSI saMvara ke bhI samyaktva, virati, apramAda, akaSAya aura ayoga - ye pA~ca bheda haiN|22 inakA svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai - (1) samyaktva : yaha mithyAtva Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| mithyAtva karma Anava-dvAra hai to samyaktva karmoM ko rokane vAlA hai| karma-bandha kA mukhya kAraNa mithyAtva hai| jaba taka jIva ko "maiM kauna hU~? merA kartavya kyA hai?" isakA jJAna nahIM hotA, taba taka use svasvarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / mithyAtva jIva ko svarUpa-darzana nahIM hone detaa| mithyAtva ke kAraNa jIva ko saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| paraMtu jaba jIva ko apane svarUpa kA bodha hotA hai arthAt samyaktva prApta hotA hai, taba jIva saMsAra se virakta hone lagatA hai| samyaktva kA lakSaNa : jIva, ajIva Adi tattvoM ko yathArtha (jaisA hai vaisA) samajhanA aura vaisI hI zraddhA rakhanA samyaktva kahalAtA hai| samyaktva naisargika rIti se yA paropadeza se prApta hotA hai| samyaktva pahacAnane ke lakSaNa ye haiM - (1) zama - krodha Adi kaSAyoM kA upazama yA kSaya honaa| (2) saMvega - mokSa-prApti kI icchA rkhnaa| (3) nirveda - saMsAra se udAsIna rhnaa| (4) anukampA - jIvamAtra para dayA karanA tathA unheM pIr3A na hone denaa| 24 samyaktva kA mahattva : ___ samyaktva mokSa-prApti kA pramukha kAraNa hai| samyaktva ke binA cAritrya nahIM ho sakatA paraMtu samyaktva cAritrya ke binA ho sakatA hai| arthAt cAritrya se pahale samyaktva prApta honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| samyaktva ke binA jJAna bhI nahIM ho sakatA aura jJAna ke binA cAritrya prApta nahIM hotaa| cAritrya guNa ke binA mokSa nahIM mila sktaa| mokSa ke binA nirvANa (ananta cidAnanda pada) prApta nahIM ho sktaa| itanA hI nahIM saMsArarUpI

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198 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sAgara meM baha jAne vAle aura apane karmoM dvArA kaSTa bhogane vAle jIvoM ke lie samyagdarzana dvIpa ke samAna vizrAma-sthAna hai| samyagdRSTi jIva ko hI sulabha-bodhi prApta hotI hai| jisa prakAra zarIra meM samasta avayava hoM para mastaka na ho, to usameM thor3A sA bhI sauMdarya nahIM hogA / yahI bAta samyaktva ke bAre meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| mastaka-vihIna zarIra ko 'dhar3a' kahate haiM aura mastaka hone para pUrNa zarIra kahA jAtA hai| saba prakAra ke vrata, tapa, jJAna Adi hone para bhI agara samyaktva nahIM ho, to unakA kucha bhI mahattva nahIM hai| vaha saba hAthI ke snAna ke samAna nirarthaka eka (1) aMka ke binA zUnyoM kA kucha bhI artha yA kImata nahIM hai| netra ke binA sUryaprakAza aura suvRSTi ke binA kheta nirarthaka hai, usI prakAra sudRSTi hI samyaktva hai| samyagdarzana ke binA tapa tathA japa kI kucha bhI kImata yA mahattva nahIM hai| jo samyagdarzana se yukta hai, usI kA tapa, japa aura indriyasaMyama sArthaka hai| usI kA jJAna satya hai| samyagdarzana hI mithyAtva kA uccheda karane vAlA hai, isalie mumukSu ko samyagdarzana kI ArAdhanA karanI caahie| samyaktva ke bheda : mithyAtva-mohanIya karmoM kA avarodha kramazaH upazama, kSayopazama aura kSayarUpa se hotA hai| isIlie samyaktva ke bhI kramazaH aupazamika samyaktva, kSAyopazamika samyaktva aura kSAyika samyaktva - ye tIna bheda hote haiN|27 (1) aupazamika samyaktva (anantAnubaMdhI) : krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha arthAt anantAnubaMdhI catuSka aura darzana moha kI tIna prakRtiyoM - mithyAtva, samyak-mithyAtva aura samyaktva prakRti-kula sAta prakRtiyoM kA upazama hone para AtmA kI jo tattvaruci hotI hai use aupazamika-samyaktva kahate haiN| (2) kSAyopazamika samyaktva : anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya aura udayaprApta mithyAtva kA kSaya tathA anudaya prApta mithyAtva kA upazama karate samaya jIva kI jo tattvaruci hotI hai, use kSAyopazamika-samyaktva kahate haiN| (3) kSAyika samyaktva : samyaktvaghAtI, anantAnubaMdhI catuSka aura darzanamohatrika - ina sAta prakRtiyoM ke kSaya se hone vAlI jIva kI tattvaruciyA~ kSAyika samyaktva haiN| samyaktva ke Upara ke bheda jIva kI apekSA se haiN| samyaktva kI apekSA se nahIM haiN| tattvazraddhA hI samyaktva kA sahI lakSaNa hai| samyaktva kI prApti se hI Atma-kalyANa kA mArga sulabha hotA hai|

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199 samyaktva ke pA~ca aticAra ( doSa ) : zaMkA, kAMkSA, vicikitsA, anyadRSTi-prazaMsA aura anyadRSTi-saMstava ye pA~ca samyagdarzana ke aticAra haiN| 1 vrata-niyamoM kA aMzataH pAlana honA aura aMzataH bhaMga honA 'aticAra' kahalAtA hai / samyagdarzana ke pA~ca aticAroM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai - (1) zaMkA arihanta bhagavaMta ke kahe hue sUkSma aura atIndriya tattvoM meM, yaha sahI hai yA nahIM, aisA saMdeha (saMzaya) honA 'zaMkA' hai / ( 2 ) kAMkSA - jaina darzana ke nava tattva dharma kA phala Atmazuddhi hai / paraMtu dharma-sAdhanA meM aihika aura pAralaukika bhoga-upabhogoM kI AkAMkSA rakhanA 'kAMkSA' hai / (3) vicikitsA santoM ke malina zarIra aura vastroM ko dekhakara ghRNA karanA hI 'vicikitsA' hai| (4) anyadRSTi- saMstava 'anyadRSTi - saMstava' hai| mithyAdRSTi jIvoM kI vacanoM dvArA stuti karanA (5) anyadRSTi-prazaMsA - mithyAdRSTi jIvoM ke jJAna, tapa Adi ke bAre meM 'ye acche haiM' aisI bhAvanA rakhanA 'anyadRSTi - prazaMsA' hai / doSarahita aura guNasahita samyagdarzana se jo yukta haiM, ve saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI jala - kamalavat nirlipta haiM / samyagdarzana utpanna hone para saMsAra kA aMta nizcita hai / atha ca mithyAtva kA ruka jAnA hI mokSa hai / - (2) virati : karma ke Agamana kA jo dUsarA kAraNa hai, vaha hai hiMsA Adi pApa karmoM meM magna honA / una pApa karmoM se virata honA arthAt unakA tyAga karanA virati - vrata hai / pApa ke tyAga se karma kA Agamana rukatA hai, isalie virati ko saMvara bhI kahate haiM / jIvana meM vratoM kA mahattva zvAsa- ucchvAsa ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra zvAsocchvAsa se jIvita prANI pahacAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vrata se samyaktva kI pahacAna hotI hai / samyagdRSTi pApa-kArya nahIM karatA / 'sammattadaMsaNaM na karei pAvaM' ( AcArAMgasUtra - 3/2) / vrata se pApa karma kI nivRtti hotI hai aura pApa-kArya kI nivRtti se naye karmoM ke Asrava roke jAte haiN| Asrava kA rukanA hI karmarUpI roga kI davA hai / vinA vrataM karmarUpAsravastathA' ( bhAvanAzataka - 60 ) / karmAsravarUpI roga ko naSTa karane ke lie vratarUpI auSadhi kA upayoga karanA Avazyaka hai / vrata ke pA~ca bheda haiM (1) prANAtipAta viramaNa, (2) mRSAvAda - viramaNa, (3) adattAdAna - viramaNa, (4) maithuna - viramaNa tathA ( 5 ) parigraha - viramaNa / ina vratoM kA pAlana sAdhu karate haiN| gRhastha ko bAraha aNuvratoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai| mukti kA upAya vrata - pratyAkhyAna karanA hai / yahI virati-saMvara hai / 26

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200 jaina darzana ke nava tattva (3) apramAda : Atma- pradeza meM hone vAle anutsAha kA kSaya karanA apramAda hai| dharma ke bAre meM utsAha rakhanA apramAda hai / yadi karmarUpI roga kI samyak prakAra se nivRtti hone para satpravRtti ko jArI nahIM rakhA jAye, to karmarUpI roga ke paramANuoM kA kSaya nahIM ho sakatA / jaise ucita auSadhi ke upacAra se roga to dUra huA, paraMtu usake bAda vaidya ke dvArA batAe gaye pathya aura upacAra ke anusAra AcaraNa nahIM kiyA, to pUrNataH zarIra - svAsthya prApta nahIM ho sakatA arthAt pramAda, karma roga kA kAraNa hai aura use dUra karanA hI apramAda hai 1 sAdhaka ko jJAna, darzana aura cAritrya kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie, sAtha hI jIvana ko saphala banAne ke lie apramAda- saMvara meM sadaiva magna rahanA caahie| kyoMki apramAda ke dvArA karmabaMdha nahIM hotA aura duHkhAnubhava bhI nahIM hotA / saba prakAra ke pramAdoM se rahita aura vrata, guNa tathA zIla se vibhUSita, saddhyAna meM lIna rahane vAle samyagjJAnI sAdhu ko apramatta saMyamI kahate haiM / pA~ca mahAvratoM, pA~ca samitiyoM tathA tIna guptiyoM ko dhAraNa karanA aura saba kaSAyoM kA abhAva honA 'apramAda' kahalAtA hai| 30 (4) akaSAya : apramAda ke bAda akaSAya kA krama AtA hai| akaSAya karmAsrava ko rokane kA cauthA upAya hai| akaSAya ke dvArA mAnava mokSa taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| kaSAya arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / isa anaMta catuSka ke kAraNa hI AtmA ko saMsAra - paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai / bhavapAra honA hai to isa anaMta catuSka kA tyAga karanA cAhie aura akaSAya ko dhAraNa karake bhavapAra honA caahie| akaSAya saMvara atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai / (5) ayoga : yaha saMvara kA pA~cavAM prakAra hai / 'ayoga' kA artha hai mana, vacana aura kAyA kI vikArotpAdaka vRttiyoM kA nigraha krnaa| dUsare ke aniSTa kA cintana karanA, duSTa icchA karanA, IrSyA aura vaira bhAva rakhanA ye duSTa manoyoga haiN| kisI kI nindA karanA, gAlI denA, jhUThA kalaMka lagAnA tathA asatya bolanA ye azubha vacana- yoga haiN| corI evaM kukarma karanA Adi azubha kAya yoga haiN| jaba isa azubha pravRtti ko rokA jAyegA aura jIva dvArA zubha pravRtti hogI, tabhI karmAnava rukegA /

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201 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva yoga zubha aura azubha do prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| jaba yoga ke sAtha kaSAya kA saMbaMdha hotA hai, taba ve azubha hote haiN| lekina mUlataH yoga zubha hI hote yoga para vijaya prApta karane ke upAya haiM - doSoM kA nigraha karanA tathA unheM dUra krnaa| yahI ayoga saMvara hai|" jo jIva zukladhyAnarUpa agni dvArA ghAtI karmoM ko naSTa karake yogarahita hotA hai, use ayogI yA ayogakevalI kahate haiN|32 uparyukta pA~ca saMvara-bhedoM kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai - (1) samyaktva : viparIta mAnyatA se mukta honA arthAt mithyAtva kA abhAva honaa| (2) virati : aThAraha prakAra ke pApoM kA sarvathA tyAga krnaa| (3) apramAda : dharma ke viSaya meM pUrNa utsAha honaa|| (4) akaSAya3 : jIva ke samasta kaSAyoM - krodha, mAna aura lobha Adi kA naSTa honaa| (5) ayoga : mana, vacana aura kAyA kI duSpravRttiyoM ko roknaa| saMvara ke ina bhedoM para bAra-bAra cintana karanA aura unakA AcaraNa karanA hI karma-mukti kA saccA mArga hai| saMvara ke bIsa bheda25 Asava ke bIsa bhedoM ke samAna hI saMvara ke bhI bIsa bheda haiN| jo nimnalikhita haiM: (1) samyaktva saMvara (11) zrotrendriya saMvara (2) virati saMvara (12) cakSurindriya saMvara (3) apramAda saMvara (13) ghrANendriya saMvara (4) akaSAya saMvara (14) rasanendriya saMvara (5) ayoga saMvara (15) sparzendriya saMvara (6) prANAtipAta-viramaNa saMvara(16) manaH saMvara (7) mRSAvAda-viramaNa saMvara (17) vacana saMvara (8) adattAdAna-viramaNa saMvara (18) kAya saMvara (E) maithuna-viramaNa saMvara (16) bhANDopakaraNa saMvara (10) parigraha-viramaNa saMvara (20) sUcI-kuzAgra saMvara saMvara ke bIsa bhedoM kA spaSTIkaraNa :1. samyaktva saMvara : yaha mithyAtva Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| nava tattvoM para yathArtha zraddhA samyaktva saMvara hai|

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202 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 2. virati saMvara : yaha pramAda Amnava kA pratipakSI hai| pramAda na karanA apramAda saMvara hai| 3. apramAda saMvara : yaha pramAda Anava kA pratipakSI hai| pramAda na karanA apramAda saMvara hai| 4. akaSAya saMvara : yaha kaSAya Amnava kA pratipakSI hai| kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha) na karanA akaSAya saMvara hai| kaSAyoM ke kAraNa AtmA malina hotA hai| kaSAya naSTa karanA akaSAya saMvara hai| 5. ayoga saMvara : yaha yoga Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA ke yoga kA nirodha honA 'ayoga saMvara' hai| 6. prANAtipAta : yaha prANAtipAta Asava kA pratipakSI hai| hiMsA na karanA hI prANAtipAta-viramaNa saMvara hai| kyoMki sabhI jIva jIvita rahanA cAhate haiN| kisI ko bhI maraNa acchA nahIM lgtaa| harabarTa vArena ;bhmataimataja tatamadaddha ne aMpadapeu nAmaka graMtha meM kahA hai ki jIvana duHkha aura sukha se bharA huA hone para bhI, saba ko priya hotA hai|36 7. mRSAvAda-viramaNa : yaha mRSAvAda Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| asatya (jhUTha) na bolanA hI mRSAvAda-viramaNa saMvara hai| 8. adattAdAna-viramaNa : yaha adattAdAna Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| corI na karanA adattAdAna-viramaNa saMvara hai| 6. maithuna-viramaNa : yaha maithuna Amnava ke viparIta hai| maithuna-sevana kA tyAga karanA mithuna-viramaNa saMvara hai| 10. parigraha-viramaNa : yaha parigraha Asrava kA ulTA hai| parigraha aura mamatA-bhAva kA tyAga hI parigraha-viramaNa saMvara hai| 11. zrotrendriya saMvara : yaha zrotrendriya Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| stuti aura nindA-yukta zabdoM meM rAga-dveSa na karanA hI zrotrendriya saMvara hai| 12. cakSurindriya saMvara : yaha cakSurindriya Asrava ke viparIta hai| acche yA bure rUpa se rAga-dveSa na karanA cakSurindriya saMvara hai| 13. ghANendriya saMvara : yaha ghrANendriya Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| sugandha aura durgandha se rAga-dveSa na karanA ghrANendriya saMvara hai| 14. rasanendriya saMvara : yaha rasanendriya Asrava kA pratipakSI hai| susvAda (madhura svAda) yA bure svAda ke lie rAga-dveSa na karanA rasanendriya saMvara hai| 15. sparzendriya saMvara : yaha sparzendriya Anava kA virodhI hai| sparza ke bAre meM rAga-dveSa na karanA hI sparzendriya saMvara hai| 16. mana saMvara : yaha vacanayoga Amnava kA pratipakSI hai| acche-bure manoyoga kA sampUrNa virodha hI mana saMvara hai| 17. vacana saMvara : yaha vacanayoga Asrava kA virodhI hai| zubha aura azubha - ina donoM prakAra ke vacanoM kA saMpUrNa nirodha hI vacana saMvara hai|

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203 jaina darzana ke nava tattva 18. kAya saMvara : yaha kAya-yoga Anava kA pratipakSI hai aura | zubha azubha donoM prakAra ke kAryoM kA sampUrNa nirodha karanA hI kAya saMvara hai / 18. bhANDopakaraNa: yaha bhANDopakaraNa Asrava kA virodhI hai / vastra, pAtra Adi lete samaya aura rakhate samaya, kisI bhI prakAra ke jIva kI hiMsA na ho, aisI sAvadhAnI rakhanA hI bhANDopakaraNa saMvara hai I 20. sUcI - kuzAgra : yaha sUcI - kuzAgra Asrava kA pratipakSI hai / suI Adi sAdhana lete samaya aura rakhate samaya jIva kI hiMsA na ho aisI sAvadhAnI rakhanA sUcI - kuzAgra saMvara hai / 37 saMvara ke sattAvana bheda : saMvara ke pA~ca jaghanya bheda haiM, bIsa madhyama bheda haiM aura sattAvana utkRSTa bheda haiN| pA~ca aura bIsa bhedoM kA vivecana ho cukA hai| aba sattAvana bhedoM ke bAre meM vicAra kiyA jAyegA / saMvara kI siddhi gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISaha - jaya aura cAritrya se hotI hai| tIna gupti, pA~ca samiti, dasa dharma, bAraha anuprekSA, bAIsa parISaha aura pA~ca cAritrya - isa prakAra se saMvara ke sattAvana bheda hote haiM / tIna gupti : saMvara, nirodha aura nivRtti gupti ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM 1 gupti kI vyAkhyAe~ : - AcArya umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra meM gupti kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI " saMsAra kI abhilASA se parAvRtta hokara mana, vacana aura kAyA kI svaira pravRtti ko rokanA gupti kahalAtA hai / azubha se nivRtti hI gupti hai / 3 AcArya umAsvAtI ne svopajJabhASya meM gupti kI, "jisake yoga se manoyoga, vacanayoga aura kAyayoga kA saMrakSaNa hotA hai, use gupti kahate haiM" yaha vyAkhyA kI hai| 40 saMsAra ke kAraNoM se AtmA kA samyak prakAra se saMrakSaNa karanA 'gupti' kahalAtA hai| 1 mana, vacana aura kAyA kI azubha pravRttiyoM ko rokanA aura zubha pravRtti kI ora jAnA 'gupti' kahalAtA hai| azubha yoga kA nigraha 'gupti' hai / mana, vacana aura kAyA ko unmArga se rokanA aura sanmArga para lAnA 'gupti' hai / " guptiyA~ tIna haiM - (1) mana - gupti, (2) vacana - gupti aura (3) kAya gupti /

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva mana-gupti : duSTa saMkalpoM kA tyAga karanA aura zubha saMkalpoM ko dhAraNa karanA hI mana - gupti kahalAtA hai| saba prakAra kI kalpanAoM se rahita tathA pUrNataH samabhAva meM sthita AtmA meM ramane vAlA mana 'manogupti' hai / 42 vacana- gupti : bolane ke hara prasaMga meM vacanoM kA niyamana karanA (maryAdita bolanA ) yA ucita samaya para mauna dhAraNa karanA 'vacana- gupti' hai| dUsare zabdoM meM - saMjJA Adi kA tyAga karake sarvathA mauna dhAraNa karanA aura bhASaNa ( bolane) ke saMbaMdha meM vyApAra (kriyAoM) ko rokanA vacana - gupti hai / 3 kAya - gupti : kisI bhI vastu ko lene, rakhane yA uThAne Adi meM - jIva-jaMtu nahIM marane cAhie- isa prakAra viveka rakhanA 'kAyagupti' hai / deva, manuSya aura tiryaMca ke saMbaMdha meM upasarga hone para bhI kAyotsarga meM sthita muni ke zarIra kI sthiratA 'kAyagupti' hai / upasarga hone para bhI muni kAyotsarga karake apane zarIra kI halacala Adi zArIrika kriyAoM ko rokate haiN| zarIra ko sthira aura akaMpa rakhate haiM / yahI 'kAyagupti' hai| sonA, uThanA, calanA, phiranA, AvAgamana karanA Adi kriyAoM meM niyama-yukta bartAva karanA bhI 'kAyagupti' hai|** sArAMzataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAga-dveSa se mana ko parAvRtta karanA 'manogupti' hai| asatya bhASaNa se nivRtta honA yA mauna dhAraNa karanA 'vacanagupti' hai| audArika Adi zarIra kI jo kriyAe~ hotI haiM, unase nivRtta honA 'kAyagupti' hai / athavA hiMsA, corI Adi pApa - kriyAoM se parAvRtta honA 'kAyagupti' hai| 'kAya gupti' se jIva ko saMvara ( azubha pravRtti ke nirodha) kA lAbha hotA rahatA hai / kAya - gupti hone ke bAda punaH hone vAle pApa - Asrava kA, saMvara nirodha karatA rahatA hai / 46 204 pA~ca samitiyA~ : samiti, satpravRtti aura vizuddhi- samAnArthaka zabda haiN| jaba taka zarIra kA tyAga nahIM hotA taba taka jIvana vyatIta karane ke lie kucha na kucha bolanA, khAnA, pInA, uThanA, baiThanA Adi kriyAe~ karanI hI par3atI haiN| isalie saMvara azakya hai / ataH samiti - samyak prakAra kI pravRtti kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| - samiti kI vyAkhyAe~ : prANAtipAta jIva-hiMsA se nivRtta hone ko aura samyak prakAra se pravRtti karane ko 'samiti' kahate haiN| samiti zabda jaina Agama kA pAribhASika zabda hai 1 prayatnapUrvaka AtmA kI samyak pravRtti ( sam + i ) ko samiti kahate haiM / samiti (samyak pravRtti) kA artha hai sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kArya karanA / kisI bhI prANI

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205 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ko kaSTa (pIr3A) na ho isa prakAra kI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jo pravRtti hai use 'samiti' kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM kisI bhI prANI ko kaSTa na pahu~ce - aisI yatnapUrvaka pravRtti ko 'samiti' kahA jAtA hai athavA nizcaya se sva-svarUpa meM samyak prakAra se gamana arthAt pariNamana 'samiti' hai| nizcayanaya kI apekSA se anaMta jJAna Adi svabhAva se yUkta apanI AtmA meM 'sama' honA - uttama prakAra se arthAt samasta rAga Adi bhAvoM ke tyAga dvArA AtmA meM lIna honA, AtmA kA cintana karanA, usameM tanmaya honA Adi rUpa jo ayana (gamana) arthAt pariNamana hai, vaha samiti hai|" gamana Adi kAryoM meM jaisI pravRtti Agama meM kahI gaI hai, vaisI pravRtti karanA samiti hai|52 samiti ke nimnalikhita pA~ca prakAra haiM : - (1) IryA samiti, (2) bhASA samiti, (3) eSaNA samiti, (4) AdAna-nikSepa samiti aura (5) utsarga smiti| ye samitiyA~ vivekayukta pravRttirUpa hone se saMvara kA kAraNa banatI haiN|53 inakA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - (1) IryA samiti : vivekapUrvaka gamana karane tathA dUsare jIva ko kisI bhI prakAra kI pIr3A na ho isalie nIce dekhakara calane ko 'IryA samiti' kahA jAtA hai| jisameM logoM kA AvAgamana hotA hai aura jisa para sUrya kI kiraNeM paDatI haiM, usa mArga para jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie, nIce acchI taraha bhUmi ko dekhakara calanA IryA samiti kahalAtA hai|" __ jisa prakAra jaina-dharma meM jIva kI rakSA kA upadeza diyA gayA hai, usI prakAra hiMdU-dharma meM bhI ThIka vaisA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai- hameM calate samaya cIMTiyoM Adi kSudra prANiyoM ko pIr3A na ho isalie dina meM yA rAta meM kisI bhI samaya jamIna kI ora dRSTi rakhakara calanA caahie|" (2) bhASA samiti : satya, hitakArI, sandeharahita (spaSTa), napA-tulA aura niravadya (nirdoSa) bolane ko yA vacana kI pravRtti ko 'bhASA samiti' kahate haiN|

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206 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hita-ahita kA vicAra karake uparyukta nirdoSa bhASA bolanA hI zreyaskara jo bhASA bhale hI satya ho kintu phira bhI yadi usase aneka jIvoM kI hatyA hotI ho to aisI bhASA nahIM bolanI caahie| jise bolane se karmabaMdha hotA hai, aisI bhASA bhI kabhI nahIM bolanI caahie| hamezA madhura, asaMdigdha, satya, kalyANakArI, hAni-lAbha kA pUrNa vicAra karake bolanA caahie| ise hI 'bhASA samiti' kahA gayA hai| bhASA satya aura priya honI cAhie, isa saMbaMdha meM sarvatra ekamata dikhAI detA hai| manusmRti meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai 'satya bolanA cAhie, priya bolanA cAhie, jo satya hokara bhI apriya ho aisA vacana nahIM bolanA caahie| dUsare ko khuzI ho isalie jhUTha bhASaNa nahIM karanA cAhie- yaha sanAtana dharma hai| dUsarA yadi apazabda kA prayoga kare to bhI hameM use marmabhedaka zabdoM se nahIM dukhAnA caahie| kisI kA bhI droha karane kI buddhi nahIM rakhanI caahie| paraloka ke lie rukAvaTa paidA karane vAlI, udvegajanaka vANI ko kabhI mukha se nahIM nikAlanA caahie| paizunya, vyartha ha~sanA, kaThora vacana, paranindA, svayaM kI prazaMsA aura vikathA Adi vacanoM ko chor3akara sva-para-hitakArI vacana bolanA 'bhASA samiti' sAdhu ko apanI bhASA se - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, bhaya, vAcAlatA (niMdA Adi) tathA anAvazyaka kathana ityAdi ko dhyAnapUrvaka TAlanA caahie| kyoMki unase bhASA dUSita hotI hai|60 aniMdya, satya bolanA, saba logoM ke lie hitakara aura parimita bhASaNa karanA (maryAdita bolanA) evaM sabako priya ho aisI bhASA bolanA 'bhASA samiti' bhASA samiti kI vyAkhyAe~ zabda-bheda se bhale hI alaga-alaga lagatI haiM, paraMtu bhAvArtha saba kA eka hI hai| (3) eSaNA samiti : jIvana ke lie Avazyaka nirdoSa sAdhanoM ko ikaTThA karane ke lie sAvadhAnI pUrvaka pravRtti karanA aura vidhipUrvaka nirdoSa AhAra lenA 'eSaNA samiti' hai| anna, pAna, vastra, rajoharaNa Adi dharma ke sAdhanoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle sAdhu ko, unako dhAraNa karane se jo udgama, utpAdana aura eSaNA doSa lagate haiM, unakA tyAga karanA 'eSaNA samiti' kahalAtA hai|62

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207 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pratidina bhikSA ke bayAlIsa doSoM ko tyAgakara muni jo nirdoSa anna tathA pAnI grahaNa karate haiM, use 'eSaNA samiti' kahate haiN|63 (4) AdAna-nikSepa samiti : saba vastuoM ko acchI taraha se dekhakara aura rajoharaNa se pramArjana karake (jIva-jantu dekhakara) lene aura rakhane kI isa pravRtti ko AdAna-nikSepa samiti kahate haiN| __isa samiti ke anusAra AcaraNa karane vAle muniyoM ko ogha-upAdhi (sAmAnya upakaraNa) aura aupagrahIta upAdhi (vizeSa upakaraNa) - donoM prakAra ke upakaraNoM ko lene aura rakhane kA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| 'AdAna' kA artha hai lenA aura 'nikSepa' kA artha hai rkhnaa| isa samiti ke pAlana se karma kI nirjarA aura puNya kI prApti hotI hai| kyoMki isameM koI bhI pramAda aura kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai|64 / / Asana, rajoharaNa, pAtra, pustaka Adi saMyama ke upakaraNoM kA, samyak prakAra se nirIkSaNa kara, unakA pramArjana kara (jIva-jantu dekhakara), vivekapUrvaka grahaNa karanA aura rakhanA AdAna-nikSepa samiti hai|55 uparyukta vyAkhyAe~ zabda-bheda ke kAraNa alaga-alaga dikhAI detI haiM, parantu unakA bhAvArtha eka hI hai| (5) utsarga (pratiSThApana) samiti : ekAnta sthAna, acitta sthAna, dUra kisI jagaha chedarahita caur3A tathA jahA~ koI nindA aura virodha na kare- aise sthAna para mUtra, viSTA Adi deha kA malakSepaNa karanA pratiSThApanA (utsarga) samiti hai| jahA~ choTe-bar3e kisI bhI jIva ko bAdhA nahIM pahu~ce aisI zuddha aura janturahita bhUmi para kapha, mala-mUtra Adi nirupayogI vastue~ DAlanA 'utsarga samiti' kahalAtA hai|66 uparyukta pA~ca samitiyoM kA artha saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai- acchI taraha se gamanAgamana karanA; uttama, hita-mita vacana bolanA; yogya AhAra grahaNa karanA; padArthoM kA yatnapUrvaka grahaNa-visarjana karanA tathA bhUmi dekhakara tyAjya vastuoM kA tyAga karanA- ina pA~ca samitiyoM kA sAdhu ko bArIkI se AcaraNa karanA caahie| isa prakAra ukta pA~ca samitiyoM dvArA jIva, sthAna Adi vidhi ko jAnane vAle muni ko, prANimAtra ko hone vAlI pIr3A ko dUra karane ke upAya jAnane caahie|67 ahiMsA vrata ke rakSaNa ke lie pA~ca samitiyoM kA pAlana karanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai|68 jaise sneha-guNa se yukta kamalapatra pAnI se lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra samiti se yukta muni pApa se lipta nahIM hotaa|66

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva isa prakAra samitipUrvaka pravRtti karane se, sAdhu ko asaMyamarUpa pariNAma ke nimitta se jina karmoM kA Anava hotA hai, unakA saMvara ho jAtA hai / 208 samiti aura gupti kA mahattva : jaina-dharma kI sAdhanA meM samiti aura gupti kA vizeSa sthAna hai| kyoMki samiti aura gupti ke samyak pAlana se sAdhaka saMsAra-cakra se zIghra mukta ho jAtA hai / ina pA~ca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM ko milAkara 'ATha pravacana-mAtA' bhI kahate haiM / 71 samiti aura gupti ko 'ATha pravacana-mAtA' kahA gayA hai kyoMki ye pravacanoM ko janma detI haiN| ye pravacanoM kI saMrakSikA bhI haiM / pravacana arthAt zrutajJAna se sAdhaka samyak zikSA ( ucita jJAna ) prApta kara mokSa kI prApti ke lie samartha hotA hai / zAstra ke anusAra zarIra kA jo samyak vartana hai, use samiti kahate haiM / mana, vacana aura kAyA ke samyak yoga nigraha ko gupti kahate haiM / vastutaH pA~ca samitiyA~ cAritrya kI zubha pravRtti ke lie haiM aura tIna guptiyA~ sabhI azubha viSayoM kI nivRtti ke lie haiM / 2 72 dasa dharma : saMvara tattva ke sattAvana bhedoM meM se tIna guptiyoM aura pA~ca samitiyoM ke vivecana ke bAda dasa prakAra ke dharma Ate haiN| , dharmoM kI bhUmikA : gupti meM pravRtti kA saMpUrNataH virodha hotA hai / jo gupti - pAlana meM asamartha hai, use supravRtti ke sahI prakAra dikhAne ke lie 'eSaNA' Adi samitiyoM ke upadeza haiN| duSpravRtti karane vAle ke pramAda (doSa) - parihAra ke lie aura sAvadhAnatA se vartana ke lie kSamA Adi uttama dharmoM kA upadeza batAyA gayA hai / 73 dharma ke AcaraNa ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki jo jIva dharma kA AcaraNa kiye binA paraloka meM jAtA hai, vaha vyAdhi aura roga Adi se pIr3ita hokara atyaMta duHkhI hotA hai kyoMki dharma ke dvArA mana ke kaSAyoM ko jItane ke lie unake virodhI guNoM kA abhyAsa karavAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra dharma kaSAya-vijaya kA bhI kAraNa hai 74 dharma ke dasa bhedoM ko samajhane se pUrva dharma kA mahattva kyA hai, yaha samajhanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| guNabhadradeva - viracita AtmAnuzAsana meM dharma kA bar3A mahattva batAyA gayA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ' he jIva ! tU sukha meM ho yA duHkha meM, saMsAra kI ina

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209 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva donoM avasthAoM meM terA ekamAtra kArya dharma hI honA caahie| kyoMki yadi tU sukha meM hogA, to dharma tere sukha kI vRddhi kA kAraNa hogA aura yadi duHkha meM hogA, to dharma tere duHkha ke vinAza kA kAraNa hogaa|5 bauddhoM ke dasa dharma : dharma ke dasa bheda jainoM ke samAna hI bauddha, IsAI aura hiMdU logoM ne bhI mAne haiN| bauddhoM ke dvArA mAnya dasa dharma ye haiM - (1) adhikArI vyakti ko dAna denA, (2) sadAcAra kI zikSA ke anusAra apanA jIvana bitAnA, (3) hamezA sadvicAroM kI pravRtti aura pragati ke bAre meM tatpara rahanA, (4) sevA ko apanA dhyeya samajhakara hamezA dUsaroM kI sevA karanA, (5) apane mAtA-pitA aura apane se bar3e logoM kI, unakI bImArI meM, sevA-zuzrUSA karanA aura hamezA unase Adara se bartAva karanA, (6) apane sadguNoM kA lAbha dUsaroM ko denA, (7) dUsaroM ke sadguNoM ko svayaM AtmasAt karanA, (8) satya ke mArga para calane vAle kA upadeza sunanA, (E) nyAya mArga para le jAne vAle dhyeya-vAkyoM kA anya logoM ko upadeza denA tathA (10) dharma ke viSaya meM apane vizvAsa ko hamezA nirmala aura zuddha rkhnaa| IsAiyoM ke dasa dharma : (1) tuma apane lie banAI huI mUrti ko Izvara mata mAno, svarga meM jo nivAsa karatA hai use yA pRthvI para vAsa karane vAle ko Izvara maano| (2) aisI banAI huI mUrti ke sAmane apane mastaka ko mata jhukaao| (3) apanA mAlika jo Izvara hai, usake nAma kA vyartha jApa mata karo, kyoMki jo vyartha usakA nAma lete haiM yA usake nAma kA jayaghoSa karate haiM, unheM Izvara niraparAdhI nahIM smjhtaa| (4) jIvana ke pavitra dina ko dhyAna meM rkho| use bhUlo mt| usa dina ko pavitra hI rahane do| chaha dinoM taka parizrama karo apanA kAma pUrNa kro| sAtavA~ dina nizcita hI tumhAre Izvara kI dRSTi se pavitra hai| isa pavitra dina tuma kucha bhI kAma na kro| tuma svayaM, tumhAre putra-putriyA~, naukara, naukarAnI, mausI, ghara para Ae hue mehamAna Adi ko isa dina kAma nahIM karanA cAhie / kyoMki Izvara ne chaha dinoM meM pUrNatayA svarga, pRthvI, sAgara aura dUsarI vastuoM ko nirmANa kiyA aura sAtaveM dina vizrAma karake isa ko pavitra kiyaa| (5) apane mAtA-pitA kA Adara kro| unako sammAna do, tAki pRthvI para rahane ke jo dina Izvara ne batAe haiM, unameM vRddhi ho| (6) kisI ko nirarthaka mata mAro (kisI kI hatyA mata kro)| (7) vyabhicAra mata kro| (8) corI mata kro| (6) apane par3osI ke viruddha jhUThI gavAhI mata do| (10) apane par3osI kA ghara har3apane kI icchA mata kro| usI prakAra usakI patnI usake naukara, naukarAnI, usake baila, gadhoM aura anya kisI

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210 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bhI vastu ko kisI bhI samaya chIna lene kI yA prApta karane kI icchA mana meM na Ane do|6 hinduoM ke dasa dharma manusmRti meM hinduoM ke nimnatikhita dasa dharma batAye gaye haiN| - (1) dhairya rakhanA, (2) sahanazIla rahanA, (3) mana ko vaza meM rakhanA, (3) kisI ke dvArA die binA usakI vastu ko hAtha na laganA, (5) kisI bhI vastu yA vyakti kA jyAdA lobha na karanA, (6) zarIra kI indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhanA, (7) apane buddhi-cAturya kA upayoga karanA, (8) apane jJAna kI vRddhi karanA, (E) hamezA satya bolanA aura (10) krodha na krnaa| jainoM ke dasa dharma jaina-dharma meM dasa prakAra ke dharma batAe gae haiN| ve haiM - (1) kSamA, (2) mArdava, (3) Arjava, (4) zauca, (5) satya, (6) saMyama, (7) tapa, (8) tyAga, (E) akiMcana aura (10) brhmcry| inake artha isa prakAra batAye gaye haiM - 1. kSamA : kisI bhI paristhiti meM mana meM krodha kA bhAva utpana na hone denA (arthAt mana meM krodha na Ane denaa)| 2. mArdava : ucca jAti, kula, zakti,vaibhava, amIrI, zaikSaNika pAtratA Adi kA kabhI abhimAna na krnaa| 3. Arjava : hetupUrvaka chala, kapaTa, vizvAsaghAta, dhokhA Adi na krnaa| 4. zauca : dUsare ke dhana-daulata kI icchA na karanA tathA lobha, lAlaca, vAsanA Adi ke adhIna na honaa|| 5. satya : jhUTha na bolnaa| pratyeka ke sAtha usake hita kI bAteM karanA, usase satya tathA acchI lagane vAlI bAteM krnaa| 6. saMyama : mana aura indriyoM ko vaza meM rkhnaa| 7. tapa : apanI icchAoM tathA AvazkayatAoM ko na bar3hane denaa| adhyayana aura dharmAdhyayana meM svayaM ko lgaanaa| 8. tyAga : apane pAsa jo kucha hai usakA apanI zakti ke anusAra dIna-dukhiyoM, garIboM, asahAyoM tathA nirAzritoM ko upayoga karane denaa| 6. akiMcana : saMpatti ikaTThA karake na rakhanA, kyoMki vahI saba pApoM kA mUla 10- brahmacarya : saba strI-puruSoM ko mAtA, bahina tathA bhAI ke samAna smjhnaa|| bauddha, IsAI, jaina aura hinduoM ne dharma ke dasa bheda hI kyoM mAne haiM,yaha aitihAsika carcA kA viSaya hai|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva ina dasa dharmoM kA vistRta varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai (1) kSamA : kSamA, titikSA, sahiSNutA aura krodha - nigraha samAnArthaka zabda haiN| kSamA hogI tabhI dharma rahegA / isalie kahA gayA hai- kSamAyAM sthApyate dharmaH / arthAt dharma kA nivAsasthAna kSamA hai / 76 dUsaroM ke ghara bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya bhikSu ko, duSTa logoM dvArA gAliyA~, ha~sI-majAka, avajJA, tADanA ( phaTakAranA), zarIra chedana Adi krodha ke asahya nimitta milane para bhI, svayaM kA mana kaluSita na hone denA hI uttama kSamA hai| 211 kSamA ke bAre meM hukma muni ne 'adhyAtmaprakaraNa' meM likhA hai ki samabhAva se gAlI sahana karane vAle ko chiyAsATha karor3a upavAsoM kA phala milatA hai / " krodha-utpAdaka paristhati meM bhI mana ko kaluSita hone se, kSamA ke dvArA bacAyA jAtA hai| kAraNa ke hone para bhI mana ko kaluSita na hone denA kSamA hai / krodha ke kAraNa ke hone para bhI krodha utpanna na hone denA hI uttama kSamA-dharma hai manuSya dUsare para sattA sthApita karane ke lie krodha kI zaraNa letA hai I parantu usa becAre ko yaha mAlUma nahIM hotA ki sattA krodha ke pratApa se prApta nahIM hotI, vaha svayaM ke pUrvajanma ke puNya se hI prApta hotI hai / krodha ke kAraNa AtmA meM krUratA utpanna hotI hai / yaha krUratA manuSya se, hiMsaka jAnavara ko bhI lajjita karane vAlA kArya karavA letI hai| uttama kSamA Adi meM eka saMvararUpI dharmabhAva dikhAI detA hai| 5 kSamA ke lie kuragaDUka muni kA udAharaNa sarvazreSTha hai| pAgala kuttA munaSya ko kevala eka hI bAra kaSTa detA hai| eka hI bAra mRtyu detA hai, parantu krodha, lAbha Adi kA viSa manuSya ko jIvana bhara kaSTa detA hai / itanA hI nahIM, aneka bAra janma-maraNa bhI karavAtA hai / 6 kurala kAvya meM zrIelAcArya jI ne kSamA ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai- upavAsa karake tapazcaryA karane vAle sacamuca mahAn haiN| parantu unakA sthAna una logoM ke bAda hI hai, jo apanI nindA karane vAloM ko bhI kSamA kara dete hai| kSamA ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM ke vicAra : kSamA dharma hai, kSamA yajJa hai, kSamA veda hai aura kSamA zAstra hai / jo isa bAta ko samajhatA hai, vaha sabhI ko kSamA karane yogya ho jAtA hai|

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212 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kSamA brahma hai, kSamA satya hai, kSamA bhUta hai, kSamA bhaviSya hai, kSamA tapa hai aura kSamA pavitratA hai| kSamA se saMpUrNa jagata vyApta hai| kSamA tejasvI puruSoM kA teja hai| tapasviyoM kA brahma hai| kSamA satyavAdI puruSoM kA satya hai| kSamA yajJa hai aura manonigraha hai|0 (2) mArdava : saMvara ke dasa dharmoM meM dUsarA dharma mArdava hai| mArdava arthAt bar3oM ko mAna denaa| bar3oM ke sAmane namratA dhAraNa kara uddaNDatA kA vyahAra na karanA mArdava-dharma kA lakSaNa hai| namra vRtti rakhanA aura garva na karanA bhI mArdava kA lakSaNa hai .62 mRdorbhAvaHmArdavam tathA mRdoH karma maardvm| / isakA artha hai - jAti, kula, rUpa Adi kA garva na karanA (mada, mAna aura kaSAya kA tyAga karanA) mArdava hai| ___mRdu-bhAva, komalatA, mRdu-karma yA namra vyahAra ko mArdava kahate hai| isakA tAtparya hai - mada kA nigraha yA mAna kaSAya kA vinAza / ise hI mAna kaSAya kA abhAva yA dharma kahA jAtA hai|63 ___ mArdava arthAt vinaya / kahA gayA hai kI vinaya jaina-dharma kA mUla hai| vinaya hI mukti-patha kI sahAyikA hai| jo vinayazIla nahIM hai, vaha svayaM para sayaMma nahIM rakha sakatA aura tapasyA bhI nahIM kara sktaa| vinaya ke kAraNa jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| jJAna se samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai| samyaktva se cAritrya kI prApti hotI hai| cAritrya se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra vinaya ke kAraNa kramazaH uttamottama guNoM kI prApti hotI hai aura aMta meM mokSa prApta hotA hai|5|| vinaya ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki avinItoM ko vipatti prApta hotI hai aura vinIta sAdhaka ko saMpatti prApta hotI hai|66 jinameM namratA hai, unake sAmane vizva jhuka jAtA hai| jinake mana meM garva hai, unakA sabhI tiraskAra karate haiN| prakRti kA yahI krama hai| jo saba se choTA banatA hai, vahI bar3A bana sakatA hai aura nisarga bhI usake sAmane namra ho jAtA hai| phala lagane para jisa prakAra per3a jhuka jAtA hai, usI taraha manuSya ko bhI dhana, vaibhava yA jJAna se saMpanna hone para adhika namra honA caahie| manuSya jaise-jaise dharma ko prApta karatA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise vaha adhika namra banAtA jAtA hai| dharma ko jAnane para bhI yadi koI namra banane ke bajAya abhimAnI bana jAya,

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213 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva to samajhanA cAhie ki usane ThIka prakAra se dharma ko nahIM samajhA / ghara jitanA U~cA banAnA hai, utanI hI usakI buniyAda gaharI honI caahie| isI prakAra jIvana ko jitanA U~cA banAnA hai, utanA hI namra honA caahie| __saMta tukArAma mahArAja ne namratA kA mahattvapUrNa dRSTAnta diyA hai| ve kahate haiM- bar3I bAr3ha meM vRkSa baha jAte haiM lekina komala ghAsa banI rahatI hai' - mahApure jhAr3e jAtI tethe lavhAje vAcatI / oNgasTAina kahatA hai "Should you ask me, what is the first thing in religion? | should reply, the first, second and third thing therein - nay, all - is humility." svayaM kA hita cAhane vAle ko vinaya meM sthira rahanA caahie| (3) Arjava : mana, vacana aura kAyA meM kuTilatA na honA hI Arjava arthAt saralatA hai| bhAva-vizuddhi aura saralatA-Arjava ke lakSaNa haiN| RjubhAva yA Rjukarma ko bhI Arjava kahate haiN| jo zubha vicAra rakhatA hai, duSTa bhAva yA mAyAcArI (kapaTI) pariNAmoM ko chor3akara zuddha mana se cAritrya kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha Arjava dharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai| yoga kA vakra na honA Arjava hai| jisa prakAra rassI ke donoM siroM ko khIMcane para vaha sIdhI ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra mana se kapaTa dUra hone para mana sarala banatA hai| arthAt mana kI saralatA kA hI nAma Arjava hai| jo vicAra mana meM hote haiM, ve hI vacanoM ke dvArA prakaTa hote hai aura ve hI saphala hote haiN| arthAt zarIra kA bhI unhIM ke anusAra kArya hotA hai| yahI Arjava dharma hai| isake viruddha dUsaroM ko pha~sAnA adharma hai| ye donoM kramazaH devagati aura narakagati ke kAraNa haiN| jo muni duSTa vicAra aura kArya nahIM karate, barI bAteM nahIM bolate sAtha hI apane doSa chipAkara nahIM rakhate, ve hI Arjava-dharma kA AcaraNa karate haiN| kyoMki mana, vacana aura kAyA kI saralatA kA nAma Arjava haiN| jisameM Arjava-guNa hotA hai, usI meM dharma sthira rahatA hai| jo sarala mana se yukta hotA hai, usI ko zuddhi prApta hotI hai, aura jo zuddha hotA hai, usI meM dharma rahatA hai| jo dharmayukta AtmA hai use ghI se yukta agni ke samAna parama nirvANa (vizuddha AtmadIpti) kI prApti hotI hai|00 (4) zauca : zauca kA artha alubdhatA hai| lobha kaSAya kA tyAga yA lobharahita pravRtti-zauca dharma kA lakSaNa hai / bhASika dRSTi se zauca zabda kA artha zucibhAva yA

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214 jaina darzana ke nava tattva zucikarma hotA hai / arthAt bhAvoM kI vizuddhi, kalmaSatA kA abhAva aura dharma kI sAdhanA meM bhI Asakti na honA zauca dharma hai| lobharUpa malinatA ke abhAva ko hI zauca-dharma kahate haiM / ' 101 zauca-dharma Atma-pariNAma kI malinatA dUra karane se hotA hai / zArIrika malinatA kA abhAva gauNa hai / santoSa meM hI sukha hai- saMtoSaH paramaM sukham / dharma kI sAdhanA ke viSaya meM aura zarIra meM bhI Asakti na rakhane, jaisI nirlobhatA ko zauca kahate haiN| durbhAvanAoM se dUra rahanA aura lobha Adi kA tyAga karanA hI zauca hai / dUsare zabdoM meM Atyantika lobha kI nivRtti ko zauca kahate haiM / (5) satya : sat - prazasta padArtha ko pravRtta karane vAle aura sajjanoM ke lie hitakAraka vacana ko satya kahate haiM / 102 1 jo anRta arthAt mithyA nahIM hai; paruSatA, rUkSatA tathA kaThoratA se rahita hai; doSarUpa bhI nahIM hai; asabhyatA kA dyotaka nahIM hai; capalatArahita hai tathA malinatA aura kaluSatA kA sUcaka nahIM hai - vahI satya hai / 103 1 1 90% I satya se bar3hakara dUsarA koI bhI dharma zreSTha nahIM hai- satyAnnAsti paro dharmaH / satya ko svarga kA sopAna bhI kahA gayA hai- 'satyaM svargasya sopanam' | praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- 'saccaM khu bhagavaM' arthAt satya hI paramezvara hai / praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki satya jagat meM sArabhUta hai vaha mahAsamudra se bhI adhika gaMbhIra hai| meru parvata se bhI adhika sthira hai candramaNDala se bhI adhika saumya hai tathA sUryamaNDala se bhI adhika tejasvI hai T hita, mita aura yathArtha vacanoM kA upayoga karanA satya nAmaka yatidharma hai / aura anRta, paruSatA, kuTilatA, Adi se rahita vacana hI uttama satya haiM / 105 satya kI upAsanA karane vAle ke kevala vicAra aura uccAra hI satya nahIM hote, unakA AcAra bhI satya tathA samyak hotA hai| imarsana ne kahA hai "The greatest homage we pay to truth is to use it." arthAt satya ko apane jIvana meM utAranA (satyAcaraNa karanA) hI satya kA sarvocca sammAna hai / ThANAMgasUtra ke cauthe ThANe meM cAra prakAra ke satya batAye gaye haiM'cauvvihe sacce paNNatte taM jahA- kAujjuyayA, mAsujjuyayA, bhAvajjuyayA avisaMvAyaNAjoge / ' arthAt kAyA kI RjutA bhASA kI RjutA bhAvanAoM kI RjutA aura ina tInoM yogoM kI avisaMvAditA - ye satya ke cAra bheda haiM / satya mAnava hRdaya meM rahane vAlI Izvara kI mUrti hI hai| jise satya jJAta ho gayA use Izvara ke sAre AzIrvAda prApta ho gaye aisA samajhanA caahie| satya ke binA manuSya aMdhA hai| satya hI mAnava kA hRdaya - cakSu hai saoNkreTisa ke ziSya pleTo ne kahA hai "There is nothing so delightful as the hearing or the speaking of the truth." |

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215 jaina darzana ke nava tattva arthAt satyavacana sunane aura bolane se adhika AnaMda dene vAlA kucha bhI nahIM hai| 106 107 1 jisa prakAra zarIra meM prANoM kA mUlya sarvAdhika hai / usI prakAra samasta sadguNoM meM satya sabase adhika mUlyavAna hai| satya ke abhAva meM manuSya kI avasthA prANazUnya zarIra ke samAna hotI hai / AtmA ko saccidAnaMda kahA jAtA hai, parantu AtmA kA Ananda to satya hI hai aura saMpUrNa samAja hI satya para AdhArita hai (6) saMyama : mana, vacana aura kAyA ke karma ko 'yoga' kahate haiM isa yoga ke nigraha ko saMyama kahate haiN| mana vacana aura kAyA ke adhIna na honA apitu unheM apane adhIna rakhanA 'saMyama- dharma' hai / hiMsA Adi avadya karmoM yA indriyoM ke viSayoM se mana, vacana aura kAyA ko uparata ( udAsIna) rakhanA hI saMyama dharma hai umAsvatijI ne saMyama ke satraha prakAra batAye haiM / 1 108. saMyama kA artha hai- samyak prakAra se, yamoM (niyamoM) kA pAlana karanA / jo manuSya samyak prakAra se yamoM kA pAlana karatA hai, use yama kA bhI bhaya nahIM rahatA / jaisA ki vizvasaMta mahAsatI zrI ujjvala kumArIjI ne apane pravacana meM kahA hai yamAH saMyamitAH yena yamaH tasya karoti kim ? I - arthAt ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha- ye pA~ca vrata batAye gaye haiN| ina pA~ca vratoM ko jaina Agama meM 'paMca mahAvrata' kahA gayA hai| bauddha dharma meM inheM 'paMcazIla' kahA gayA hai| vaidika dharma meM inheM 'paMca yama' kahA gayA hai| iMndriya-vijaya aura prANi-rakSA karanA bhI 'saMyama' hI hai / samyak prakAra se niyamoM kA pAlana karanA, arthAt vrata samiti, gupti Adi rUpoM se AcaraNa karanA yA vizuddha Atma dhyAna meM magna rahanA hI saMyama hai| saMyama kA artha hai- Atma-niyaMtraNa aura AtmaniyaMtraNa hI jIvana hai| 1 jIvana kI kalA jAnane ke lie mana ekAgra karake 'saMyama : eka cintana' viSaya kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie / " 106 (7) tapa : 'icchAnirodhaH tapaH' arthAt icchA kA nirodha karanA 'tapa' hai| mana kI AzA aura tRSNA ko rokanA 'tapa' hai| malina pravRtti kA nirmUlana karane ke lie tathA bala kI prApti ke lie jo Atmadamana kiyA jAtA hai, use tapa kahate haiM I tapa bAraha prakAra ke haiN| unakA vistRta varNana 'nirjarA' tattva meM kiyA jAyegA / 10

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie anazana Adi karanA tapodharma hai| manuSya tapa ke dvArA vizva ko jIta sakatA hai| tapa kI mahimA aneka upaniSadoM, bauddha graMthoM, vaidika graMthoM tathA jaina graMthoM meM batAyI gayI hai / tapa rUpI tejasvI zakti ke dvArA manuSya saMsAra meM vijayazrI aura samRddhi prApta kara sakatA hai| 999 ( 8 ) tyAga : cetana aura acetana ko chor3anA 'tyAga - dharma' hai / supAtra ko dAna Adi denA parigraha- tyAga hai| rogI ko davAI denA, zakti ke anusAra bhUkhe ko anna denA, praNimAtra ko abhaya denA, tathA samAja ke uddhAra (kalyANa) ke lie tana-dhana Adi kA tyAga karanA bhI tyAga hai / 112 216 nirmamatva ko tyAga kahA gayA hai| dharma kI buniyAda ( nIMva ) tyAga hai| tyAga ke binA sukha nahIM hai / 13 '' (6) akiMcanya : zarIra aura dharmopakaraNa (pAtra, rajoharaNa Adi) ke lie bhI mamatva ke bhAva nahIM hone caahie| ise 'akiMcanya dharma' kahate haiM / .114 sarvArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAdAcAryajI ne kahA hai 'abhiprAya kA tyAga karanA akiMcanya hai|' nAsti me kicana merA kucha bhI nahIM hai aisI bhAvanA 'akiMcanya' hai I saMpUrNa parigraha kA tyAga karanA akiMcanya kI nivRtti ke lie 'mama idam' yaha merA hai 'akiMcanya' hai / ' 115 - - dharma hai / zarIra Adi meM moha isa prakAra kI bhAvanA rakhanA (10) brahmacarya : adhyAtma mArga meM brahmacarya kA sarvaprathama sthAna hai, kyoMki brahma meM rama jAnA hI vAstavika brahmacarya hai / yaha brahmacarya aNuvrata aura mahAvrata donoM rUpoM meM svIkArA jAtA hai / brahmacarya kA pAlana mAnava jIvana ke lie zreyaskara hai| jIva brahma hai| AtmadhyAna meM jo muni rama jAtA hai, vahI brahmacarya kA AcaraNa karatA hai| .116 'brahma' zabda kA artha nirmala jJAnasvarUpa AtmA hai / aisI AtmA meM lIna honA brahmacarya hai / jisa muni kA mana apane zarIra ke lie bhI nirmamatvarUpa hai, vahI brahmacarya dharma kA pAlana kara sakatA hai / 7 brahma vedAH tadadhyayanArthaM vrataM api brahma / tat caratIti brahmacArI / brahmacAriNaH bhAvaH brahmacaryam / brahmacarya kA pAlana karane vAle ko hiMsA Adi doSa nahIM lagate / nitya gurukulavAsa ke kAraNa guNasampadA apane Apa milatI hai / strI - vilAsa, vibhrama Adi ke adhIna huA prANI pApa kA zikAra banatA hai / saMsAra meM ajitendriyatA bar3A apamAna karatI hai|

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217 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva doSa Adi kA nAza karane ke lie jJAna Adi sadguNoM kA abhyAsa karanA, guru kI adhInatA meM rahanA tathA brahma (gurukula) meM carya nivAsa karanA brahmacarya hai|16 vrata-pAlana ke lie, jJAna kI siddhi yA vRddhi ke lie athavA kaSAya naSTa karane ke lie guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahane ko brahmacarya kahate haiN| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM brahmacarya kI upamA bhagavAn se dI gaI hai20- 'taM baMbhaM bhgvNtm|' brahmacarya kI mahimA atyadhika hai| jo brahmacarya kA pAlana nahIM karatA, usakI Ayu, teja, bala, vIrya, buddhi, zobhA, lakSmI, yaza aura puNya naSTa ho jAte haiN| vaha paramAtmA ko priya nahIM rhtaa|21 kevala eka brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karane se samasta vrata-niyamoM kA pAlana ho jAtA hai|22 kucha loga brahmacarya kA artha mAtra jananendriya para saMyama rakhanA samajhate haiM paraMtu mahAvIra aura mahAtmA gAMdhI ke matAnusAra sabhI indriyoM aura sampUrNa vikAroM para adhikAra prApta karanA hI asalI brahmacarya hai|23| brahmacarya saba vratoM kA mukuTamaNi hai| vaha saba dharmoM kA mUla hai| prAcIna zAstroM meM 'brahma' zabda ke mukhya tIna artha batAe gaye haiM- vIrya, AtmA aura vidyaa| 'carya' zabda ke bhI tIna artha haiM - rakSaNa, ramaNa aura adhyyn| isa dRSTi se brahmacarya ke ye tIna artha hote haiM - (1) vIryarakSaNa, (2) AtmarakSaNa aura (3) vidyaadhyyn| vIryarakSaNa kA artha to prasiddha hI hai| zeSa do artha vicAraNIya haiN| Atma-svarUpa meM lIna honA aura hamezA jJAnArjana karate rahanA bhI brahmacarya kI sAdhanA hai| isalie brahmacarya, vikAroM kA upazamana aura AtmarakSaNa karanA hai|24 __ AcArya pataMjali ne yogadarzana meM kahA hai ki jaba sAdhaka meM brahmacarya kI pUrNataH dRr3hasthiti hotI hai, taba usake mana, buddhi, indriyoM aura zarIra meM eka apUrva zakti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| sAmAnya manuSya usakI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| kAma-vikAra kA cintana aura smaraNa karane se hI manuSya usa viSaya-vikAra kI ora AkRSTa hotA hai arthAta Asakta hotA hai|26 bAraha anuprekSAe~ ___ saMvara tattva ke sattAvana (57) bhedoM meM se tIna guptiyoM, pA~ca samitiyoM tathA dasa dharmoM ke vivecana ke bAda bAraha anuprekSAoM kA krama hai| __ anuprekSA (anu+pra+IkS) kA artha hai - bhAvanA arthAt bAra-bAra cintana karanA tathA gaharAI meM jAkara vicAra krnaa| gahare aura tAttvika cintana se rAga,

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218 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dveSa Adi vRttiyA~ ruka jAtI haiN| isalie aise cintana kA saMvara ke upAyoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai|27 ___ mokSa-mArga para vairAgya kI vRddhi ke lie bAraha anuprekSAoM kA jainAgama meM kiyA gayA kathana prasiddha hI hai| ina bAraha anuprekSAoM ko bAraha vairAgya bhAvanAe~ bhI kahate haiN| karma-nirjarA ke lie asthimajjAnugata arthAt pUrNa rUpa se hRdayaMgama hue zrutajJAna kA parizIlana karanA 'anuprekSA' hai| sune hue artha kA zrutAnusAra cintana karanA 'anuprekSA' hai|28 zarIra Adi ke svabhAva kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA, sAtha hI jAne hue artha kA mana meM cintana karanA, 'anuprekSA' hai|26 __jina viSayoM kA jJAna jIvana-zuddhi ke lie vizeSa upayogI hai aise bAraha viSayoM ke cintana ko 'bAraha anuprekSA' kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| bAraha anuprekSAyeM ye (1) anityAnuprekSA (2) azaraNAnuprekSA (3) saMsArAnuprekSA (4) ekatvAnuprekSA (5) anyatvAnuprekSA (6) nirjarAnuprekSA (6) azucitvAnuprekSA (10) lokAnuprekSA (7) AsavAnuprekSA (11) bodhidurlabhAnuprekSA evaM (8) saMvarAnuprekSA (12) dharmasvAkhyAtatattvAnuprekSA / 130 (1) anityAnuprekSA kisI bhI prApta vastu ke viyoga se duHkha na ho isalie Asakti ko kama karanA caahie| Asakti ko kama karane ke lie 'saMsAra ke samasta padArtha - dhana, yauvana, jIvana Adi - indradhanuSa, bijalI yA pAnI ke bulabule ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura haiM', aisA cintana karanA hI anityAnuprekSA hai| isa saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha anitya haiN| prAtaHkAla nisarga kA jo svarUpa dikhAI detA hai, vaha madhyAnha meM nahIM dikhAI detA aura madhyAnha ke samaya jo svarUpa dikhAI detA hai, vaha rAta meM nahIM dikhAI detaa|31 zarIra, jIvana dhAraNa karane vAle samasta puruSArthoM kI siddhi kA AdhAra hai| paraMtu vaha bhI pracaNDa vAyu se chinna-bhinna kiye gaye bAdaloM ke samAna nazvara lakSmI sAgara kI laharoM ke samAna caMcala hai| priyajanoM kA saMyoga svapna ke samAna kSaNika hai aura yauvana vAyu dvArA ur3Aye jAne vAle (kapAsa ke) taMtuoM ke samAna asthira hai| isa prakAra se sthira citta se, pratyeka kSaNa, tRSNArUpI kAle bhujaMga kA nAza karane vAle nirmamatva bhAva ko jAgrata karane ke lie, saMsAra meM dikhAI dene vAle anitya svarUpa kA cintana karanA caahie|32

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219 (2) azaraNAnuprekSA jisa prakAra nirjana vana meM bhUkhe siMha dvArA pakar3e gae mRgazAvaka kA koI trAtA nahIM hotA, usI prakAra isa saMsAra meM antataH vyakti kA koI bhI rakSaNa karane vAlA nahIM hotA / 'svayaM dvArA pAlita poSita svayaM kA zarIra bhI duHkha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| pAsa ke riztedAra bhI mRtyu se hamArA rakSaNa nahIM kara sakate / agara sadbhAvanApUrvaka dharma kA pAlana kiyA jAye to vahI saMkaTa se hameM bacA sakatA hai' isa prakAra kA cintana 'azaraNAnuprekSA' hai / ' ,133 jaina darzana ke nava tattva 1 (3) saMsArAnuprekSA yaha saMsAra harSa-viSAda, sukha-duHkha jaise dvandvoM kA upavana hai / aise saMsAra ke svarUpa kA cintana karanA 'saMsArAnuprekSA' hai / 34 jIva cAra gatiyoM meM duHkha bhogatA rahatA hai aura pA~ca prakAra se paribhramaNa karatA hai, parantu kabhI zAnti prApta nahIM kara sktaa| yaha saMsAra sArarahita ( duHkharUpa ) hai| isameM thor3A sA bhI sukha prApta nahIM ho sakatA / ' 135 bhava bhavAntara meM bhramaNa karane vAlA yaha jIva karma ke baMdha ke kAraNa, kirAye kI jhoMpar3I kI taraha, kisa yoni meM praveza nahIM karatA aura kisa yoni kA tyAga nahIM krtaa| vaha saMsAra kI saba yoniyoM meM janma letA hai aura maratA hai / 136 (4) ekatvAnuprekSA saMsAra meM janma, vyAdhi, jarA, mRtyu Adi svayaM ko hI bhogane par3ate haiM, isameM koI riztedAra bhAgIdAra nahIM hotA - isa prakAra kA cintana 'ekatvAnuprekSA' hai / jIva akelA hI utpanna hotA hai aura akelA hI maratA hai bhava-bhavAntara meM saMcita karma ko akelA hI bhogatA rahatA hai| eka jIva dvArA pApAcaraNa se jo sampatti prApta kI jAtI hai, use sAre riztedAra milakara bhogate haiN| paraMtu vaha pApAcArI apane pApa karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa naraka meM akelA hI duHkha bhogatA hai | 137 'vAlyA' nAmaka luTere kI patnI aura baccoM ne usake pApakarma meM hissedAra hone se inkAra kara diyA thA, yaha sarvazruta hI hai| isase 'ekatvAnuprekSA' kI kalpanA adhika spaSTa hotI hai / (5) anyatvAnuprekSA zarIra se AtmA alaga hai, aisA cintana karanA 'anyatvAnuprekSA' hai / zarIra rUpI hai aura AtmA arUpI hai / zarIra jar3a hai aura AtmA cetana hai / zarIra anitya hai aura AtmA nitya hai / zarIra naye janma ke sAtha nahIM rahatA

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220 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hai aura AtmA naye janma ke sAtha bhI rahatA hai| isa prakAra jahA~ zarIrI aura azarIrI (AtmA) meM antara spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai, vahA~ dhana aura baMdhu-bAMdhavoM kI bhinnatA batAnA yA samajhAnA bilakula kaThina nahIM hai|028 (6) azucitvAnuprekSA ... zarIra apavitratA, durgandha, malinatA aura mAMsAdi se bharA huA hai - aisA cintana karanA 'azucitvAnuprekSA' hai| ___ isa deha ke nau dvAroM se sadaiva durgadha se yukta rasa nikalatA rahatA hai aura usa rasa se deha lipta rahatI hai| aisI apavitra deha meM pavitratA kI kalpanA karanA atyadhika moha kI viDaMbanA hI hai|39 (7) AnavAnuprekSA mithyAtva Adi bhAvanA se karma kA Anava hotA hai| Asrava hI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai, aisA cintana karanA hI 'AsravAnaprekSA' hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA ke vyApAra ko 'yoga' kahate haiN| yoga dvArA jIva meM zubha aura azubha karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai, isalie yoga ko Anava kahate (8) saMvarAnuprekSA ___AtmA meM naye karmoM kA praveza na hone denA 'saMvara' hai| saMvara se jIva kA kalyANa hotA hai| saMvara ke svarUpa kA aura guNoM kA cintana karanA 'saMvarAnuprekSA' samyak darzana dvArA mithyAtva ko jItanA caahie| sAtha hI zubha bhAvanA meM citta ko sthira karake Arta-raudra dhyAna ko jItanA caahie| kisa Amnava kA kisa upAya se nirodha kiyA jA sakatA hai, bAra-bAra isa prakAra kA cintana karanA 'saMvara bhAvanA' hai|41 (E) nirjarAnuprekSA nirjarA ke svarUpa aura guNoM kA cintana karanA 'nirjarAnuprekSA' hai, kevala karma kI nirjarA ke lie jo tapazcaraNa Adi kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, una kriyAoM se hone vAlI nirjarA 'sakAma nirjarA' hai / yaha nirjarA samyak dRSTi vAle jIvoM ko hI prApta hotI hai| samyaktva se bhinna ekendriya Adi anya prANiyoM ke karmoM kI nirjarA karane kI abhilASA ke alAvA bhUkha, pyAsa Adi kaSToM ko sahana karane se jo nirjarA hotI hai, use 'akAma nirjarA' kahate haiN| pratyeka saMsArI jIva

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221 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pratikSaNa akAma nirjarA karatA rahatA hai| paraMtu sakAma nirjarA to kevala jJAnayukta tapasyA karane para hI hotI hai|12 (10) lokAnuprekSA triloka ke AkAra kA cintana karanA 'lokAnuprekSA' hai| isa loka ko kisI ne taiyAra nahIM kiyA hai aura na hI dhAraNa kiyA hai| yaha anAdi kAla se svayaMsiddha hai yaha kisI para AdhArita nahIM hai, apitu avakAza meM sthita hai| loka tIna haiM - adholoka, madhyaloka aura uurdhvlok| adholoka meM sAta narakabhUmiyA~ haiN| una naraka-bhUmiyoM ko barpha, ghana vAyu aura virala vAyu ne ghera rakhA hai| ye tInoM itane prabala haiM ki pRthvI ko dhAraNa karane meM samartha haiN|03 (11) bodhidurlabhAnaprekSA ratnatrayarUpa bodha kI prApti atyanta kaThina hai yaha cintana karanA 'bodhidurlabhAnaprekSA' hai| vizeSa puNyodaya se dharmAbhilASArUpa zraddhA, dharmopadezaka guru aura dharmazravaNa kI prApti hotI hai| paraMtu yaha saba prApta hone para bhI tattvanizcayarUpa samyaktva bodhiratna kI prApti honA atyaMta kaThina hai| (12) dharmasvAkhyAta tattvAnuprekSA / tIrthaMkaroM dvArA batAyA gayA (lakSaNayukta) ahiMsA dharma hI jIva kA kalyANa karane vAlA hai, aisA cintana karanA 'dharmAsvAkhyAta-tattvAnuprekSA' hai|| dharma ke prabhAva se kalpavRkSa, cintAmaNi Adi manonukUla phala dete haiN| paraMtu adharmI logoM ko phala milanA to dUra, vaha dekhane ko bhI nahIM miltaa| isa saMsAra meM jinakA koI baMdhu nahIM hai, unakA bandhu dharma hai| jinakA koI mitra nahIM unakA mitra dharma hai| jo anAtha haiM, dharma unakA rakSaNakartA hai| dharma hI saMpUrNa vizva kA ekamAtra rakSaka hai| jo dharma kI zaraNa meM pahu~ca gaye haiM; rAkSasa, yakSa, ajagara, vyAghra, sarpa, agni aura viSa Adi unakA kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a skte| dharma prANimAtra ko naraka-pAtAla meM girane se bacAtA hai aura sarvajJoM ko anupameya vaibhava pradAna karatA hai| arthAt dharma anarthoM se bacAtA hai aura iSTa artha kI prApti karAtA hai|45 bAraha bhAvanAoM kA adhika vistRta varNana- kundakundAcArya ke dvAdazAnuprekSA, paNDita daulatarAmajI ke 'chahaDhAlA' (pA~cavIM DhAla), aura bhAratabhUSaNa paM- munizrIratanacandrajI ma- ke gujarAtI bhASA meM likhita 'bhAvanAzataka', sabhASyatattvArthadhigamasUtra, siddhasenagaNikRta svopajJabhASya, bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ke tattvArtharAjavArtika Adi- aneka graMthoM meM milatA hai|

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jaina- darzana ke nava tattva 1 jo mumukSu uparyukta bAraha anuprekSAoM kA cintana aura manana karatA hai, vaha mana aura iMdriyoM para vijaya prApta kara AtmA meM svAnubhava karane lagatA hai isa prakAra aisA mumukSu pavitra yaza aura vacana ko dhAraNa kara anta meM samyak darzana Adi utkRSTa guNoM dvArA nirvANa pada prApta karatA hai / bhUtakAla meM jo zreSTha puruSa siddha puruSa hue haiM tathA jo Age hoMge, unhoMne inhIM bhAvanAoM kA cintana kiyA hai aura Age bhI kreNge| isase bhI ina bhAvanAoM kA mahattva spaSTa ho jAtA hai| 146 222 ina bAraha bhAvanAoM ke satat adhyayana se vyakti ke hRdaya meM sthita kaSAyarUpI agni bujha jAtI hai| sAtha hI para-dravya ke viSaya meM hone vAlI Asakti nahIM rahatI aura ajJAnarUpI aMdhakAra naSTa hokara jJAnarUpI dIpa kA prakAza phailatA hai 1 jJAnI puruSoM ko ina bAraha anuprekSAoM kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA cAhie kyoMki isa cintana se karmakSaya hotA hai| 148 147 isa prakAra bAraha anuprekSAoM kA cintana karane se sAdhaka pramAdarahita hotA hai aura usase mahAn saMvara hotA hai / bAIsa parISahajaya sardI, garmI, bhUkha pyAsa Adi se bAdhA pahu~cane para bhI duHkhI na honA athavA dhyAna se vicalita na honA 'parISahajaya' hai / pUrNa tathA dRr3ha vairAgya bhAvanA hone para sAdhaka vicalita nahIM hotA / 146 duHkha prApta hone para bhI duHkhI na honA 'parISahajaya' hai| kar3I bhUkha, pyAsa Adi vedanAe~ zAMta bhAva se sahana karanA bhI 'parISahajaya' kahalAtA hai / 150 parISahoM para vijaya prApta karanA 'parISahajaya' hai / kSudhA Adi vedanAe~ hone para bhI karma-nirjarA ke lie duHkha sahana karanA parISahajaya hai / "" .151 samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritrya isa ratnatrayarUpa mokSa- mArga se vibhakta ( dUra yA cyuta) na honA aura karma kI nirjarA ke lie duHkha sahana karanA 'parISahajaya' kahalAtA hai ,152 1 - kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa (garma), daMzamazaka, nagnatva arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, satkAra- puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adarzana vivecana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, mala, ye bAIsa parISaha haiM / " inakA ,153 1. kSudhA parISaha : bhUkha sahana karanA arthAt atyaMta bhUkha lagane para bhI use dhairya aura zAnti se sahana karanA / 2. tRSA parISaha : atIva pyAsa lagI hone para bhI vyAkula na hote hue use zAMti se sahana karanA / - -

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223 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 3. zIta parISaha : atyaMta ThaMDa par3ane para bhI pratikAra karane kI bhAvanA na honA aura use zAMti se sahana krnaa| 4. uSNa (garma) parISaha : grISma Rtu Adi ke nimitta se hone vAlI uSNatA (garmI) ke duHkha se mana meM caMcalatA na Ane denA tathA garmI ko zAMti se sahana krnaa| 5. daMzamazaka parISaha : macchara, makkhI yA anya kITa ke kATana se hone vAlI pIr3A ko zAnti se sahana krnaa| 6. nagnatva parISaha : vastrarahita hone para bhI lajjA na AnA, bAlaka ke samAna nirvikAra rahanA tathA indriyoM meM vikAra utpanna na hone denaa| uttarAdhyayana meM ise 'acela parISaha' kahA gayA hai| 7. arati parISaha : parizrama karane para bhI saMyama na chodd'naa| 8. strI parISaha : suMdara striyoM ke izAroM se mana ko vicalita na hone denaa| 6. caryA parISaha : aneka gAMvoM meM bhaTakanA aura kaSTa sahana krnaa| 10. niSadhA parISaha : dhyAna Adi ke lie nizcita kie hue Asana se vicalita na honA tathA sthira Asana ke kAraNa hone vAle duHkha ko sahana krnaa| 11. zayyA parISaha : zAstra ke anusAra eka hI karavaTa se sone se tathA asamatala bhUmi para sone ke kAraNa hone vAle kaSTa sahana krnaa| 12. Akroza parISaha : ati kaThora vacana sunane para bhI zAMta rahakara use sahana karanA aura krodhita na honaa| 13. vadha parISaha : vadha jaise saMkaTa kI ghar3I Ane para bhI samabhAva rakhanA tathA dveSa na krnaa| 14. yAcanA parISaha : prANa jAne kI naubata Ane para bhI AhAra ke lie yAcanA na karanA aura samAdhAnI rhnaa| 15. alAbha parISaha : AhAra Adi kA lAbha na hone para bhI lAbha hone jaisI zAnti rkhnaa| 16. roga parISaha : vyAdhi hone para vyAkula na hote hue vedanA ko zAnti se sahana krnaa| 17. tRNasparza parISaha : mArga meM calate samaya kA~TeM tathA gaDDe Adi se hone vAlI vedanA ko pratikAra na karate hue sahana krnaa| 18. mala parISaha : zarIra gandA hone para bhI ghRNA na karate hue Atma-bhAvanA meM lIna rhnaa| 16. satkAra-puraskAra parISaha : ajJAnI logoM dvArA apamAna hone para unase sammAna kI icchA na krnaa| kisI ke dvArA sammAna kiye jAne para use bhUla na jaanaa| mAna-apamAna meM samabhAva rkhnaa| 20. prajJA parISaha : apane jJAna yA pANDitya kA gave na krnaa|

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224 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 21. ajJAna parISaha : kisI ke dvArA tiraskAra kie jAne para yA 'tuma ajJAnI aura mUrkha ho', aisA kahe jAne para bhI jJAnaprApti meM zithilatA na Ane denaa| 22. adarzana parISaha : 'dIkSA lene ke bAda aneka varSa bIta gaye phira bhI abhI taka mujhe Rddhi yA siddhi kucha bhI prApta nahIM huI', aisI cintA na hone denaa| isa prakAra bAIsa parISahoM ko zAnti se sahana karane para saMvara hotA hai| kisI bhI prakAra kI vedanA utpanna hone para, Atma-svarUpa kA cintana karate hue, vyAkula na hokara samasta parISahoM ko sahajatA se sahana karanA, 'parISahajaya' kahalAtA hai|54 jo mumukSu pUrvabaddha karma kI nirjarA karane ke lie Atma-svarUpa meM sthita hokara, kSudhA Adi bAIsa prakAra kI vedanAoM ko sahana karatA hai, use hI 'parISaha-vijayI' kahate haiN|55 pA~ca cAritrya saMvara tattva ke sattAvana bhedoM meM se tIna guptiyoM, pA~ca samitiyoM, dasa dharmoM, bAraha anuprekSAoM tathA bAIsa parISaha-jayoM - ke bAda pA~ca cAritryoM kA krama AtA hai| kisI ke dvArA jo zuddha AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, use cAritra (cAritrya) kahate haiN| jisake kAraNa hita hotA hai aura ahita kA nivAraNa hotA hai, use cAritra kahate haiN| athavA sajjana jaisA AcaraNa karate haiM, use cAritrya kahate haiN| saMsAra kI kAraNabhUta bAhya tathA aMtaraMga kriyAoM se nivRtta honA cAritrya hai| sAtha hI Atma-svarUpa meM rama jAnA bhI cAritrya hai|56 cAritrya hI dharma hai|57 Atmika dRSTi se bhI zuddha sthiti meM sthira rahanA cAritrya hai| AtmA ko samasta sAvadha yogoM se parAvRtta karane vAlA tattva cAritrya hai| cAritrya kA mokSa-mArga meM tIsarA sthAna hai| sAmAyika, chedopasthApana, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSma saMparAya aura yathAkhyAta - cAritrya ke ye pA~ca bheda haiN|56 / / (1) sAmAyika cAritrya sama arthAt jJAna, darzana evaM caaritry| Aya arthAt laabh| samAya se 'ika' taddhita pratyaya lagane para 'sAmAyika' zabda niSpanna hotA hai| sAmAyika kA artha hai - samasta sAvadha vyApAroM kA tyAgarUpa sarvavirati caaritry| sAdhu ko isakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| isa cAritrya ke do bheda haiM - (1) itvara sAmAyika cAritrya aura (2) yAvatkAyika sAmAyika caaritry|

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jaina- darzana ke naca tattva samabhAva meM sthira rahane ke lie saMpUrNa azuddha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga aura aThAraha prakAra ke pApoM kA tyAga karanA 'sAmAyika cAritrya' hai / isameM pA~ca mahAvratoM kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| saMpUrNa jIvarAzi ko jJAnayukta jAnanA aura usameM samabhAva rakhanA arthAt saba ko siddha ke samAna zuddha jAnanA tathA rAga-dveSa chor3a denA 'sAmAyika cAritrya' hai / " 160 225 (2) chedopasthApana cAritrya cheda arthAt radda karanA / kucha doSoM ke daNDasvarUpa pUrva meM pAlana kI gaI dIkSA ko radda karanA / upasthApana arthAt punaH mahAvratoM kA upasthApana krnaa| yaha 'chedopasthApana cAritrya' hai / ' . 161 yadi pramAdavaza cAritrya meM doSa lage hoM to prAyazcitta Adi ke dvArA lage hue doSoM ko dUra karake punaH nirdoSa saMyama dhAraNa karanA 'chedopasthApana cAritrya' kahalAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM (1) sAticAra chedopasthApana aura ( 2 ) niraticAra chedopasthApana | - sAticAra kA artha hai doSasahita aura niraticAra kA artha hai doSarahita 162 pramAda se kie gae anartha- prabaMdhoM arthAt hiMsA Adi avratoM kA tyAga karane para jo samyak prakAra kI pratikriyA hotI hai, arthAt vratoM kA punaH grahaNa hotA hai - use chedopasthApana cAritrya kahate haiM / 163 hiMsA Adi pApa - kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA chedopasthApana cAritrya hai athavA vrata meM bAdhA Ane para punaH usakI zuddhi karane ko chedopasthApana cAritrya kahate haiM / 164 (3) parihAra - vizuddhi cAritrya parihAra kA artha hai- tyAga tathA vizuddhi kA artha hai- vizeSa zuddhi | mithyAtva, rAga Adi vikalpa-maloM kA tyAga kara vizeSa rUpa se Atmazuddhi karanA 'parihAra - vizuddhi cAritrya' hai / isake do bheda haiM (1) nirvizamAnaka aura (2) nirviSTakAyika | jisa cAritrya meM jIva hiMsA ko niSiddha mAnakara usakA pUrNataH tyAga hotA hai aura viziSTa vizuddhi hotI hai - use 'parihAra - vizuddhi cAritrya' kahate haiM / isameM viziSTa prakAra ke AcAroM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| vizeSa tapasyA se vizuddhi honA isa cAritrya kI vizeSatA hai / parihAra- vizuddhi atyaMta nirmala cAritrya hai / yaha dhIra aura uccadarzI sAdhuoM ko prApta hotA hai / 'prANi- vadha kI nivRtti' ko parihAra kahate haiM / usakI zuddhi jisa cAritrya se hotI hai, vaha parihAra- vizuddhi cAritrya hai / " 165

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226 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (4) sUkSma saMparAya cAritrya sUkSma kA artha hai - atyaMta jaghanya aura saMparAya kA artha hai - lobhkssaay| usakA udayarUpa jo cAritrya hai, use 'saMparAya cAritrya' kahate haiN| jisa cAritrya meM sUkSma saMparAya lobha-kaSAya kA astittva ati sUkSma rUpa meM hotA hai paraMtu krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA astittva alpa bhI nahIM hotA use sUkSma saMparAya cAritrya kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM- (1) saMklizyamAna sUkSma saMparAya aura (2) vizuddhamAna sUkSma sNpraay| (5) yathAkhyAta cAritrya arihanta bhagavAn ne AgamoM meM cAritrya kA jo svarUpa batAyA hai, usakA usI prakAra se pAlana karanA yathAkhyAta cAritrya hai / isake do prakAra haiM - (ka) upazAnta yathAkhyAta cAritrya aura (kha) kSAyika yathAkhyAta cAritrya / jaba taka vyakti ke jIvana meM krodha, mAna, bhAyA tathA lobha rUpI kaSAya naSTa nahIM hote, zuddha AtmasvarUpa meM sthiratA nahIM hotI aura vItarAga bhAva kI prApti nahIM hotI, taba taka upazAnta yathAkhyAta cAritrya hotA hai / kintu jaba kaSAya pUrNataH naSTa ho jAte haiM, AtmasvabhAva meM sthiratA ho jAtI hai aura vItarAga avasthA kI prApti ho jAtI hai, usa samaya vaha kSAyika yathAkhyAta cAritrya kahA jAtA hai / yathAkhyAta cAritrya kA mokSaprApti meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / yathAkhyAta cAritrya kI mahimA aisI hai ki isakA pAlana karane para mokSa avazya hI prApta hotA hai|66 saMvaratattva ke sattAvana prakAra'67 cAritrya anuprekSA (12) parISahajaya (22) gupti samiti dharma (3) (5) (10) managupti IryA uttamakSamA vacanagupti bhASA uttamamArdava kAyagupti eSaNA uttamaArjava AdAna- uttamazauca nikSepa uttamasatya utsarga uttamasaMyama uttamatapa uttamatyAga E-EFFER anitya kSudhA roga sAmAyika azaraNa tRSA tRNasparza chedopAsthApana saMsAra zIta mala parihAravizuddhi ekatva uSNa caryA sUkSmasamparAya anyatva daMzamazaka niSadyA yathAkhyAta daMzamazana azucitva nAgnya zayyA Asrava arati satkAra-puraskAra saMvara strI prajJA

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227 uttama akiMcanya nirjarA uttamabrahmacarya loka jaina darzana ke nava tattva saMvara kA mahattva jisa prakAra nagara ke dvAra pUrI taraha banda hone para usa nagara meM zatru kA praveza asambhava hotA hai; usI prakAra indriya, kaSAya evaM yoga kA samyak prakAra se nirodha hone para aura gupti, samiti, dharmAnuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritrya kA pAlana karane para AtmA meM navIna karmoM kA praveza nahIM ho pAtA hai / isI ko saMvara kahate 168 Akroza ajJAna adarzana bauddha darzana meM saMvara hai jaina- darzana ke aneka zabda bauddha darzana meM bhI pracalita rahe haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha donoM hI samakAlIna the / yadyapi donoM darzanoM meM Amrava aura saMvara zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai phira bhI inake artha ke viSaya meM donoM darzanoM meM matabheda hai / tathAgata buddha ne aMguttaranikAya meM kahA hai ki Anava kA nirodha saMvara hai / saMvara kI yaha paribhASA donoM paramparAoM meM samAnarUpa se milatI 1 vaise bauddha paramparA meM saMvara kA artha 'indriyoM ko apane viSayoM kI ora svatantra rUpa se jAne se rokanA hai| isase Asrava nahIM ho pAtA hai / aMguttaranikAya meM isake atirikta, saMvara ke anya artha bhI pracalita rahe haiM 1. pratisevanA saMvara bhojana - pAna, vastra tathA cikitsA Adi ke abhAva meM mana prasanna nahIM rahatA hai aura karmabandha hotA hai / ataH inake upabhoga ko niyantrita karanA pratisevanA saMvara hai / - vadha bodhidurlabha yAcanA dharma alAbha 2. adhivAsanA saMvara jise apanI viSaya-vAsanAoM ko niyantrita karane meM aura zArIrika kaSToM ko sahane meM hI Ananda AtA hai, aisA vyakti zArIrika sukhoM ko pasanda nahIM karatA aura svecchA se kaSToM ko sahana karatA hai / isase usake AsravoM kA nirodha hotA hai aura saMvara kA paripAlana hotA hai / 3. parivarjana saMvara jisa prakAra madonmatta hAthI athavA azva Adi pazu tathA sarpa, bicchU sadaiva kaSTa hI dete haiM, usI prakAra pApI mitra Adi bhI duHkhadAyaka hote haiM / ataH unakA parivarjana karanA hI parivarjana saMvara hai / - 4. vinodana saMvara - hiMsA-vitarka, kAma-vitarka tathA pApa-vitarka ye sabhI bandhana ke kAraNa haiM / ataH ina bandhanoM kA sevana na karanA hI vinodana saMvara hai / 5. bhAvanA saMvara zubha bhAvanAoM se Asrava kA nirodha hotA hai / ataH yathAzakya prazasta bhAvoM meM hI apanI AtmA ko sthApita karanA cAhie /

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228 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki aMguttaranikAya meM avidyA ke athavA AsavoM ke nirodha ko saMvara kahA gayA hai / 16 Asrava aura saMvara mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye karma ke Asrava ke dvAra haiM / isake viparIta samyakdarzana, viSayoM se virakti, kaSAyoM ke nigraha tathA mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karane se karmoM kA Anava nahIM hotA hai / ataH inake pratipakSI arthAt samyak darzana, viSayoM se virakti, kaSAya evaM yoganigraha ye sabhI saMvara haiM / 70 Anava aura saMvara kA pArasparika sambandha pUrvabaddha karmoM se mukta hone ke lie sarvaprathama sAdhaka ko saMvara kI sAdhanA karanI hotI hai / kyoMki saMvara hI navIna karmoM ke Agamana ko rokatA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne isa sambandha meM kucha udAharaNa diye haiM / jisa prakAra caurAhe para sthita makAna ke dvAra yadi banda nahIM kiye jAte to usameM nizcaya hI dhUla praveza karatI hai, usI prakAra yadi AtmA aindriya viSaya-bhogoM ko niyantrita nahIM karatA hai arthAt unakA nirodha nahIM karatA hai to usameM avazya hI karma praveza kara jAte haiM / isake viparIta jo sAdhaka bandhana ke ina dvAroM ko samyaka prakAra se avaruddha kara detA hai usameM karmarUpI Asava nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra tAlAba meM sabhI ora se pAnI AtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI yogoM ke nimitta se cAroM ora se karmoM se ghirA hotA hai / jaba taka vaha saMvara nahIM karatA, navIna karmoM ke Agamana ko roka pAne meM samartha nahIM hotA hai / eka anya udAharaNa se yaha bhI samajhAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra chidrayukta naukA meM pAnI kA praveza hotA hai, usI prakAra asaMvRta jIvoM meM karma-mala kA praveza dhIre-dhIre hotA rahatA hai / ataH apanI yogya pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karake hI karmaprakRtiyoM se bacA jA sakatA hai yahI saMvara hai / / pUrvabaddha karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie nirjarA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / parantu navIna karmoM kA nirodha karane ke liye saMvara ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / saMvara ke sattAvana prakAra mAne gaye haiM, jinakI carcA pUrva meM kI jA cukI hai / jaba taka AtmA AtmasvarUpa kA jJAtA nahIM hotA hai, taba taka vaha karmoM ke prabhAva se saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / yaha samajhakara Asrava kA nirodha karake jo AtmA sattAvana prakAra ke saMvara kA pAlana karatA hai vaha avazya hI mukti ko prApta hotA hai /

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229 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sandarbha 1. (ka) AcArya zrIAnandaRSi - bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 255-256 (kha) AcArya bhikkhU-navapadArtha, pR. 488 chaTho padArtha saMvara kahyo, tiNarA thirIbhUta prdes| Amnava davAra no saMdhaNo, tiNa suM miTIyo karamAM ro paravesa / / Asrava duvAra karamAM rA vAraNA, DhakIyAM che saMvara duvAra / (ga) kSu. jinendra varNI- jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 4, pR. 142 rudhiya chiddasahasse jalajANe jaha jalaM tu NAsavadi / micchattAi abhAve taha jIve saMvaro hoi / / 2. (ka) mAdhavAcArya-sarvadarzanasaMgraha (bhASyakAra pro. umAzaMkara zarmA "RSi'')- pR. 165. (kha) munizrI nyAyavijayajI-jainadarzana - pR. 22 3. (ka) umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 1 AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / / 1 / / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 26, sU. 11 niruddhAsave saMvaro / (ga) hemacandrAcArya-yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 76, pR. 133. sarveSAmAnavANAM tu nirodhaH saMvaraH smRtaH / / (gha) umAsvAtivAcaka-prazamaratiprakaraNa (saTIkamavacUrisahita) - pR. 7 vAkkAyamanoguptinirAmravaH saMvarastUktaH / / 220 / / 4. mAdhavAcArya-sarvadarzanasaMgraha - pra. 165. AzravaH srotaso dvAraM saMvRNotIti saMvaraH / 5. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 1, a. 2, sU. 4, pR. 27 ___ saMvara iva saMvaraH / ka upamArthaH ? - TIkA, 18 6. upanirdiSTa, bhAga 1, a. sU. 4, pR. 26. saMviyate'nena saMvaraNamAtraM vA saMvaraH - TIkA 11 7. (ka) upanirdiSTa bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 1, pR. 587. karmAgamanimittaprAdurbhUtirAnavanirodhaH - TIkA 1, tannirodhe sati tatpUrvakakarmAdAnAbhAvaH saMvaraH - TIkA 2 (kha) upanirdiSTa, bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 1, pR. 587. mithyAdarzanAdipratyayakarmasaMvara saMvaraH - TIkA 6 (ga) kSu- jinendra varNI-jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 4, pR. 142. saMviyate saMrudhyate mithyAdarzanAdipariNAmo yena pariNAmAntareNa samyagdarzanAdinA, guptyAdinA vA sa saMvaraH / (gha) jainAcArya nemicandra - bRhadrvya saMgraha - bhA. 28, pR. 76.

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230 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva karmAnavanirodhasamarthasarvasaMvittipariNatajIvasya zubhAzubhakarmAgamanasaMvaraNaM saMvaraH / - zrImadbrahmadevavinirmitavRtti. 8. kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 143. sammatta desavayaM mahabvayaM taha jao ksaayaannN| pade saMvaraNAmA jogAbhAvo tahA cev| 6. (ka) AcArya bhikkhU-navapadArtha (anu zrIcaMda rAmapuriyA) - pR. 504-507. (kha) mAdhavAcArya-sarvadarzanasaMgraha - pR. 164. yenAtmani pravizatkarma pratibadhyate sa guptisamityAdiH saMvaraH / / 10. AcArya zrIAnaMda RSi - bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 356. 11. mAdhavAcArya-sarvadarzanasaMgraha - pR. 165 Asravo bhavahetuH syAtsaMvaro moksskaarnnm| itIyamArhatI dRSTiranyadasyA:prapaMcanam / / 12. (ka) saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI-bhAratIyasaMskRtikoza - tIsarA khaNDa, pR. 61. (kha) zrImannemicandrasiddhAntakacakravarti-gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) - guNasthAna, gA. 8-66, pR. 4-30. 13. zrIsiddhasenagaNi-tattvArthadhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya) - bhA. 2, a. 6, pR. 180. . AtmanaH karmApAdAnahetubhUtapariNAmAbhAvaH saMvara ityabhiprAyaH / / aso yAvatkiMcitkarmAgamanimittaM tasyAbhAvaH saMvaraH 14. anu. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma.- sUtrakRtAMga - a. 21, zrutaskaMdha 2, pR. 468. natthi Asave saMvare vA evaM sannaM Nanivesae / / atthi Asave saMvare vA evaM sannaM nivesae / / 17 / / 15. AcArya bhikkhU-navapadArtha - pR- 505 16. udayavijayagaNi-navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (zrI hemacandrasUri-saptatattvaprakaraNa) - pR.14 sarveSAmAnavANAM yo rodhahetuH sa saMvaraH / / 111 / / 17. udayavijayagaNi-navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (zrIhemacandrasUri-saptatattvaprakaraNa) - pR.14-15. yena yena upAyena rudhyate yo ya AmravaH / tasya tasya nirodhAya sa sa yojyo manISibhiH / / 113 / / kSamayA mRdubhAvena, RjutvenApyanIhayA / krodhaM mAnaM tathA mAyAM lobhaM rudhyAdyathAkramam / / 114 / / asaMyamakRtotsekAn viSayAn viSamAnnimAn / nirAkuryAdakhaNDena saMyamena mahAmatiH / / 115 / / tisabhirguptibhiryogAna, pramAda cApramAdataH / sAvadhayogahAnena, viratiM cApi sAdhayet / / 116 / / sadarzanena mithyAtvaM zubhasthairyeNa cetasaH / vijayetAtaraudre ca, saMvarArthe kRtodayAmaH / / 117 / /

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231 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 18. zrImatpUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhiH - a. 1/4, pR. 6 saMsArasya pradhAnaheturAmravo bandhazca / mokSasya pradhAnahetuH saMvaro nirjarA ca / / 16. AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra - caturthaprakAza, zlo. 76-80, pR. 133-34 sarveSAmAnavANAM tu nirodhaH saMvaraH smRtH| sa punarbhidayAte dvedhA dravyabhAvavibhedataH / / 76 / / yaH karmapudgalAdAnachedaH sa dravya-saMvaraH / bhava-hetu-kriyA-tyAgaH sa punarbhAva. saMvaraH / / 80 / / 20. (ka) AcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva-bRhadvyasaMgraha - pra. 84, 86. cedaNapariNAmI jo kammassAsavaNirohaNe hedu / so bhAvasaMvaro khalu davvAsavarohaNe aNNo / / 34 / / yadasamidIguttIo dhammANupehA parIsahajao ya / cArittaM bahumeyA NAyavvA bhAvasaMvaravisesA / / 35 / / (kha) pUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi - a. 6, sU. 1 (TIkA), pR. 23-7-38 (ga) jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva-bRhadvyasaMgraha - gA. 43, pR. 85 nirAmravasahajasvabhAvatvAtsarvakarmasaMvara heturityuktalakSaNaH ------ kAryabhUto navataradravyakarmAgamanAbhAvaH sa dravyasaMvara / 21. saM. devendramuni zAstrI-jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 203-204 22. (ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU-suttAgame (samavAyAMga) - bhAga 1, sa. 5, pR. 316 paMca saMvaradArA paNNatA taMjahA sammattaM viraI aksaayaaajogyaa| (kha) upanirdiSTa, (ThANe) - bhAga 1, a. 5, u. 2, pR. 262 paMca saMvaradArA paNNatA taMjahA sammattaM viraI apamAo akasAittaM pasattha jogittaM / 23. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra-a. 28, gA. 15 tahiyANaM tu bhAvANaM sabbhAve uvaesaNaM / bhAveNaM saddahaMtassa sammattaM taM viyAhiyaM / / (kha) umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra - a. 1, sU. 2. tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / 24. AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (dvitIya prakAza) - zlo. 15, pR. 33 zama-saMvega-nirvedAnukampA''stikya-lakSaNaH / lakSaNaiH paMcabhiH samyak, smyktvmuplkssyte|| 15 / / 25. uttarAdhyayanasUtra-a. 28, gA. 26, 30. nAtthi carittaM sammattavihUNaM daMsaNe u bhaiyavvaM / sammattaM-carittAi jugavaM puvva va sammattaM / / 26 / / nAMdasaNissa nANaM nANeNa viNA na hunti caraNaguNA / aguNissa natthi mokkhI natthi amokkhassa nivvANaM / / 30 / / 26.bhAratabhUSaNa paM. munizrIratnacandrajI mahArAja-bhAvAnAzataka- zlo. 58, pR.255 /

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232 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vinaikakaM zUnyagaNA vRthA / vinA'rkatejA nayane vRthA yathA / / vinA suvRSTiM ca kRSirvyathA yathA / vinA sudRSTiM vipulaM tapastathA / / 27. kSu. jinendra varNI-jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 346 trayaM aupazamikakSAyikakSAyopazamikabhedAt / 28. (ka) umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra - a. 7, sU. 18 zaMkAkAMkSAvicikitsA'nyadRSTiprazaMsAsaMstavAH samyagdRSTeraticArAH / / 18 / / (kha) zrImaamRcandrasUri-tattvArthasAra (caturthAdhikAra) - zlo. 84, pR. 132. (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) zaMkanaM kAMkSaNaM caiva tathA ca vicikitsanam / prazaMsA paradRSTInAM saMstavazceti paMca te / / 84 / / 26. zrImadpUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi - a. 7, sU. 1, pR. 166 tebhyo viramaNaM virativratamityucyate / / - TIkA 30. bAlacandrasiddhAntazAstrI - jainalakSaNAvalI - bhAga 1, pR. 107 (ka) yazca nidrAkaSAyAdipramAdarahito vratI / guNasthAnaM bhavettasyApramattasaMyatAbhidham / / (kha) paMcamahavvayANi paMcasamidIo tiNNi guttIo NissesakasAyAbhAvo appamAdo . NAma 31. AcArya zrIAnaMdaRSi-bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 256-271 32. bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI - jainalakSaNAvalI - pR. 123. pradahAAdhAtikarmANi zukladhyAna-kRzAnunA ayogo yAti zaileSa mokSalakSmI nirAmravaH / / ayogo manovAkkAyavyApAravikalaH / 33- uparinirdiSTa pR. 2 sakalakaSAyAbhAvo'kaSAyaH / na vidyate kaSAyo'syetyakaSAyaH / 34. saM. udayavijayagaNi-navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (hemacandrasUri-saptatattvaprakaraNa) - bhA. 24-126, pR. 15-16. 35. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. - jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 363. 36- Herbert Warren-Jainism : Chapter I, Page 1 Life is dear to all, even though it may contain misery as well as happiness. 37. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 26, sUtra 54 se 67. (kha) prakAzaka - zrIagaracanda bhairodAna seThiyA - navatattva - pR. 81-82 38. zrImadabhayadevasUri - sthAnAGgasUtra - a. 1, sU. 13, pR. 17. Aha ca - 'samiI 5 guttI 3 dhammo 10 aNupeha 12 parIsaha 22 carittaM ca 5 sattAvannaM bheyA paNatigabheyAiM saMvaraNe / / - TIkA. 36. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 4. samyagyoganigraho guptiH / 4 / 40. umAsvAti - samASyatattvArthadhigamasUtra (anu. paM. khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI) -

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva a. 6, sU. 4, pR. 382 bhASya 41. (ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva- tattvArtharAjavartika- bhAga 2, a. 6. sU. 2 TIkA, pR. 561 saMsArakAraNagopanAd guptiH / / 1 / / yataH saMsArakAraNAt Atmano gopanaM 233 bhavati sA guptiH / (kha) zrIsiddhisenagaNi tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( svopajJabhASya ) - bhAga 2, a. 6, zrImatpUjyApAdAcArya sU. 2, - pR. 161 gupyate 'nayeti guptiH, saMrakSyate 'nayetyarthaH / sarvArthasiddhi - a. 6, sU. 2, pR. 236 TIkA navatattvaprakaraNa sU. 10, pR. 36. (ga) devaguptAcArya "gup rakSaNe" gupyate rakSyate yAbhiH saMsAre patanprANI tA guptayaH, manaH saMvaraNAdirUpAH / 42. AcArya hemacandra yogazAstra - prathama prakAza, pR. 16 vimuktakalpanAjAlaM, samatve supratiSThitam / AtmArAmaM manastajjJairmanoguptirudAhRtA / / 46 / / - - 43. AcArya hemacandra - yogazAstra prathama prakAza, pR. 18 saMjJAdiparihAreNa, yanmaunasyAvalambanam / vAgvRtteH saMvRtirvA yA, sA vAgguptirihocyate / / 42 / / 44- upasargaprasaGge'pi, kAyotsargayuto muneH / sthirIbhAvaH zarIrasya, kAyaguptirnigadyate / / 43 / / zayanAsananikSepAdanacakramaNeSu yaH / - sthAneSu ceSTAniyamaH kAyaguptistu sA'parA / / 44 / / uparinirdiSTa 45. (ka) kuMdakuMdAcArya - kuMdakuMdabhAratI (niyamasAra) - gA. 66, pR. 210 jA rAyAdiNiyattI bhANassa jANIhi tammaNoguttI / 66 / (kha) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 2, pR. 248 sakalamoharAgadveSAbhAvAdakhaNDAdvaitaparamacidrUpe samyagavasthitireva nizcayamanoguptiH / - (ga) kuMdakuMdAcArya-kuMdakuMdabhAratI (niyamasAra) - gA. 66, pR. 210 aliyAdiNiyatiM vA moNaM vA hoi vaiguttI / / 66 / / (gha) kSu. jinendra varNI-jainendrasiddhAntakoza --- - - sarIraguttIti NiddiTThA / * kAyakiriyANiyattI 46. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 26, sU. 56, kAyaguttavApaNaM saMvaraM pAvAsavanirohaM karei / 47. AcArya tulasI - manonuzAsanam - pR. 12 48. (ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 2, pR. 561 samyagayana samitiH | 2 / paraprANipIDAparihArecchayA samyagayanaM samitiH / - TIkA (kha) pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi (ga) devaguptAcArya - - bhAga 2, pR. 248 a. 6, sU. 2, pR. 238 navatattvaprakaraNam - sU. 10, pR. 36

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234 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva samyagayanAni samitayaH samyaggatayaH, sudevatvasumAnuSatvamokSalakSaNAH, taddhetutvAtsarvajJapraNItajJAnAnusAriNyo yAzceSTAH saMvarabhAvavati, tAH samitayaH / 46. AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (prathamaprakAza) - pR. 16 / 50. kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 4, pR. 340 nizcayena tu svasvarUpe samyagito gataH pariNataH samitaH / 51. jainAcArya zrInemicandrasiddhAntideva - bRhadravyasaMgraha - a. 1, gA. 35, pR. 86 nizcayenAnantajJAnAdisvabhAve nijAtmani sam samyak samasta rAgAdivibhAvaparityAgena tallInataccintanatanmayatvena ayanaM gamanaM pariNamanaM samitiH / - TIkA 52. kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 340 samitIsu ya samyagayanAdiSu ayanaM samitiH / samyakzrutajJAnanirUpitakrameNa gamanAdiSu vRttiH samitiH / 53. (ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 5, pR. 563 IryAbhASeSaNAdAnanikSepotsargAH samitayaH / / 5 / / (kha) pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi - a. 6, sU. 5, pR. 241 (ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 24, gA. 2 iriyAbhAsesaNAdANe uccArai samaI iya / / (gha) devaguptAcArya-navatattvaprakaraNam - sU. 10, pR. 36. (ca) AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra - (prathamaprakAza), zlo. 35, pR. 340 (cha) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 4, pR. 340. iriyA bhAsA pasaNa jA sA AdANa ceva Nikkhevo / saMjamasohiNimitte khaMti jiNA paMca samidIo / / 54. AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (prathamaprakAza) - zlo. 16, pR. 17 lokAtivAhite mArge, cumbite bhAsvadaMzubhiH / / janturakSArthamAlokya, gatirIryA matA satAm / / 36 / / 55. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 24, gA- 4-8, (kha) anu. mukuMda gaNeza mirajakara-manusmRti - a. 6, zlo. 68, pR. 182 saMrakSaNAyai jantUnAM rAtrAvahani vA sadA / zarIrasyAtyaye caiva samIkSya vasudhAM caret / 68 / (ga) kSu. jinendra varNI-jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 4, pR. 340 phAsuyamaggeNa divA jugaMtarappaheNA skjjenn| jaMtuNa pariharati iriyAsamidI have gmnnN|| 56.(ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra-a. 24, gA. 10 asAvajja miyaM kAle bhAsaM bhAsejja pannavaM / / (kha) siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svapojJabhASya) - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 5, pR. 178

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235 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Atmane parasmai hitamitamupakArakaM --- bhASaNaM bhASAsamitiH / (ga) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 5, (TIkA) pR. 564. hitamitAsandigdhAbhidhAnaM bhASAsamitiH / 5 / / (gha) anu. jainAcArya zrIAtmArAmajI ma. - dazavaikAlikasUtra - a. 7, zloka 3, pR. 388. asatyAM-mRSAM satyAM ca, anavadyAmakarkazAm / samutprekSya asaMdigdhAM, giraM bhASeta prajJAvAn / / 3 / / 57.(ka) siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya) - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 5, pR. 187. tyaktAnRtAdidoSaM satyamasatyAnRtaM ca niravadayAm / sUtrAnuyAyi vadato bhASAsamitirbhavati sAdhoH / / 1 / / (kha) anu. mukuMda gaNeza mirajakara-manusmRti - a. 4, zlo. 138, pR. 126 satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAnna brUyAtsatyamapriyam / priyaM ca nAnRtaM brUyAdeSa dharmaH sanAtanaH / / 138 / / 58- manusmRti a. 2, zlo. 161, pR. 45. nAruntudaH syaadaato 'pi na paradrohakarmadhIH / yayAsyodvijate vAcA nAlokyAM tAmudIrayet / / 161 / / 56.kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 4, pR. 341 pesuNNahAsakakkasaparaNiMdAppapasaMsavikahAdI / vajjittA saparahidaM bhAsAsamidI have khnnN| saccaM asaccamosaM aliyAdIdosevajjamaNavajja vadamANassaNuvIcI bhAsAsamidI have suddhA / / 60. uttarAdhyayanasUtra- a. 24, gA. 6. kohe mANe ya mAyAe lobhe ya uvauttayA / hAse bhae moharie vigahAsu taheva ya / / 61. AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (prathama prakAza) - zlo. 37, pR. 16 avadayAtyAgataH sarvajanInaM mitbhaassnnm| priyAM vAcAyamAnAM, sA bhASA smitirucyte|37| 62.(ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika- bhA. 2, a. 6, sU. 5, TIkA- pR.564 annAdyudgagamAdidoSavarjanameSaNAsamitiH / / 6 / / (kha) umAsvAti - sabhASyatattvArthadhigamasUtra (hindI, anu khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI)- a. 6, sU. 5, pR. 383 annapAnarajoharaNapAtracIvarAdInAM dharmasAdhanAnAmAdhayasya codgamotpAdaneSaNAdoSavarjanameSaNAsamitiH / 63. AcArya hemacandra - yogazAstra (prathama prakAza) - zlo. 38, pR. 17 dvicatvAriMzatA bhikSAdauSairnityamadUSitam / / muniryadannamAdatte, saiSaNAsamitirmatA / / 38 / /

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236 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 64. (ka) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 342 AdAtavyasya sthApyasya vA anAlocanaM, kimatra jantavaH santi na santi veti duHpramArjanaM ca AdAnanikSepaNasamityaticAraH / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 24, gA. 13- 14, ohovahovaggahiyaM bhaNDagaM duvihaM muNI / giNhanto nikkhivanto ya pauMjejja imaM vihiM / / 13 / / cakkhusA paDilehittA pamajjejja jayaM jaI / Aie nikkhivejjA vA duhao vi e sayA / / (ga) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika -bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 5, TIkApR.564 dharmopakaraNAnAM grahaNavisarjanaM prati prayatnamAdAnanikSepaNasamitiH / / 7 / / (gha) umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthadhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya)- a. 6, sU. 5, pR.383 rajoharaNapAtracIvarAdInAM pIThaphalakAdInAM cAvazyakArya nirIkSya pramRjya cAdAnanikSepau AdAnanikSepaNasamitiH / 65.AcArya hemacandra - yogazAstra (prathamaprakAza) - zlo. 36, pR. 18 AsanAdIni saMvIkSya, pratilikhya ca yatnataH / gRhNIyAnnikSipedvA yat, sAdAnasamitiH smRtA / / 36 / / 66.(ka) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 4, pR. 342 egaMte accite dUre gUDhe visAlamavirohe / uccArAdiccAo padiThAvaNiyA have samidI / (kha) siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA - tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya) - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 5, pR. 188 sthaNDile sthAvarajaMgamajantuvarjite nirIkSya pramRjya va mUtrapurISAdInAmutsargaH utsargasamitiriti / / 5 / / (ga) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - a. 6, sU. 5, pR. 564 bhAga 2. jIvAvirodhenAMgamalanirharaNamutsargasamitiH / 8 / / (gha) AcArya hemacandra - yogazAstra (prathamaprakAza) - zlo. 40, pR. 16 (Ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 24, bhA. 15-18. 67.(ka) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga. 4, pR. 343 samyaggamanAgamanaM samyagbhASA tathaiSaNA samyak / samyaggrahaNanikSepo vyutsargaH samyagiti samitiH / (kha) tA etAH paMca samitayo viditajIvasthAnAdividhermuneH prANipIDAparihArAbhyupAyA veditavyAH / 68. uparinirdiSTa, pR. 343. ahiMsAvatarakSArtha kartavyA dezato'pi taiH /

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237 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 66.paumaNipataM va jahA udayeNa Na lippadi siNehaguNajuttaM / taha samidIhiM Na lippai sAdhU kAyesa iriyaMto / - uparinirdiSTa, 70. uparinirdiSTa, pR. 343 pravartamAnasyAsaMyamapariNAmanimittAkarmAnavAtsaMvaro bhavati / 71. (ka) AcArya hemacandra - yogazAstra (prathama prakAza) - zlo. 45, pR. 20 etAzcAritragAtrasya, jananAtparipAlanAt / saMzodhanAcca sAdhUnAM, mAtaro'STo prakItitAH / / 45 / / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 24, gA. 1 aTTha pavayaNamAyAo samiI guttI taheva ya / paMceva va samiIo tio guttIo AhiyA / 72. uttarAdhyayana a. 24, gA. 26 eyAo paMca samiIo caraNassa ya pavattaNe / guttI niyattaNe vuttA asubhatthesu savvaso / / 73. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 6, TIkA, pR. 565 AdayAM guptyAdipravRttinigrahArtham / tatrAsamarthAnAM pravRttyupAyapradarzanArthe dvitIyameSaNAdi / idaM punardazavidhadharmAkhyAnaM pravartamAnasya pramAdaparihArArthaM veditavyam / 74. devaguptAcArya-navatattvaprakaraNam - sU. 10 bhASya, pR. 36 dharmaH durgatipatajjantujAtadhAraNAditaH kSamAsevanAdisvabhAvaH / 75. guNabhadra - AtmAnuzAsana - zlo. 18, pR. 20. sukhitasya duHkhitasya ca saMsAre dharma eva tava kAryaH / sukhitasya tadabhivRddhyau duHkhabhujastadupaghAtAya / / 18 / / 76.marudharakesarI munizrImizrImalajImahArAja - abhinaMdanagraMtha, saMpAdaka-zobhAcandra bhArilla (paM. cainasukhadAsa-dharmatattva kA vizleSaNa), dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 10. 77.manusmRti - a. 6, zlo. 62. dhRtiH kSamA damo'steyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / / dhIvidyA satyamakrodho dazakaM dharmalakSaNam / / 62 / / 78.(ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 2, a. 6, sU. 6, pR. 565 uttamakSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiMcanyabrahmacaryANi dharmaH / / 6 / / (kha) saM. zobhAcandra bhArilla-marudharakesarI munizrImizrImalajI mahArAja abhinaMdanagraMtha (paM. cainasukhadAsa-dharmatattva kA vizleSaNa), dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 11. 76.(ka) umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya) - a-6, sU-6 (TIkA), pR. 384 tatra kSamAtitikSAsahiSNutvaM krodhanigraha ityanarthAntaram / (kha) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. - jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 236. 80. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 6, (TIkA), pR. 565. ..ca krodhotpattinimittaviSayAkrozAdisaMbhave kAluSyoparamaH kSamA / / 2 / / Jain Education (hternational

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva zarIrasthitihetumArganArthaM parakulAnyupayato bhikSorduSTajanAkrozotprasahanA vajJAnatADanazarIravyApAdanAdInAM krodhotpattinimittAnAM sannidhAne kAluSyAbhAvaH kSametyucyate / 81. . jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 237 82. (ka) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza Na kuNadi kiMcivi kohaM tassa khamA hodi dhammotti / 238 88. (kha) pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi a. 6, sU. 6, (TIkA), pR. 241 83. AtmArthI paM. munizrImohanaRSijI ma. sAhitya sAgaranAM motI - pR. 4 84. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 2, a- 6, sU. 6, 85. saM. kAMtIlAla coraDiyA - jaina jAgRti ( mAsika patrikA ) di. 1 disambara, 1976, pR. 11 (TIkA) aMka 4, - 86. mahAsatI zrIujjvalakumArIjI - ujjvalavANI bhAga 2, pR. 154. 87. zrI. elAcArya-kuralakAvya - pariccheda 16, saMskRta, pR. 16 mahAntaH santi sarve'pi kSINakAyAstapasvinaH / kSamAvantamanukhyAtAH kintu vizve hi tApasAH / saMgrahakartA - ramAzaMkara gupta, sUktisAgara - pR. 136. kSamA dharmaH kSamA yajJaH kSamA vedAH kSamA zrutam / ya etadevaM jAnAti sa sarvaM kSantumarhati - vedavyAsa ( mahA., vana.) 86. upanirdiSTa kSamA brahma kSamA satyaM kSamA bhUtaM ca bhAvi ca / kSamA tapaH kSamA zaucaM kSamayedaM dhRtaM jagat / / vedavyAsa (mahA-, 60. upanirdiSTa kSamA tejasvinAM tejaH kSamA brahma tapasvinAm / kSamA satyaM satyavatAM kSamA yajJaH kSamA zamaH / - vana-) - - bhAga 2, pR. 177. - vedavyAsa (mahA-, vana-) 61. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 6 ( TIkA) 62. siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA - tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( svopajJabhASya ) - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 6, pR. 192 nIcaivRttyanutseko mArdavalakSaNam / abhyutthAnAsanadAnAMjalipragrahayathArhavinayakaraNarUpA nIcairvartanam / utsekazcittapariNAmo garvarUpastadviparyayo 'nutsekaH / 63. (ka) umAsvAti-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (anu. khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI) 37. E, sU. 6, pR. 387 mRdubhAvaH mRdukarma ca mArdavaM madanigraho mAnavighAtazcetyarthaH / (kha) pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi a. 6, sU. 6, (TIkA) pR. 241 jAtyAdimadAvezAdabhimAnAbhAvo mArdavaM mAnanirharaNam / 64. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. - jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 242 viNao jiNasAsaNamUla, viNao nivvAsasAhaggo / viNayAo vippasukkassa, kuo dhammo kuo tavo ? -

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239 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 65. uparinirdiSTa, pR. 242 viNayAo nANa, nANAo dasaNaM, daMsaNAo caraNa, caraNAo hoI mokkho / 66. anu. jainAcArya AtmArAmajI ma.-dazavaikAlikasUtra - a. 6, u. 2, gA. 22, pR.558. vivattI aviNIassa, saMpattI viNiassa a / 67.mahAsatI zrIujjvalakumArIjI - jIvanadharma - pR. 107-108 68- (ka) Tryon Edwards, D.D. The New Dictionary of Thoughts, Page 282 (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 1, bhA. 6, viNae Thavejja appANaM, icchanto hiyamappaNo / / 66- (ka) pUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi - a. 6, sU. 6 (TIkA), pR. 241 yogasyAvakratA Arjavam / (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - a. 6, sU. 6, (TIkA), pR. 565 bhAga 2 yogasya kAyavAGmanolakSaNasyAvakratA Arjavamityucyate / (ga) umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (hiMdI anu. paM. khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI)- a. 6, sU. 6, pR. 388 bhAvavizuddhiravisaMvAdanaM --- bhAvadoSa varjanamityarthaH / (gha) kSu. jinendra varNI-jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA- 1, pR. 285. mottaNa kuDila bhAvaM NimmalahidayeNa caradi jo samaNo / ajjavadhamma taiyo tassa du saMbhavadi NiyameNa / / (ca) AkRSTAntadvayasUtravadvakratAbhAvaH Arjavamityucyate / (cha) hRdi yattadvAci bahiH phalati tadevArjavaM bhavatyetat / (ja) dharmo nikRtiradharmo dvAviha surasadmanarakapathau / (jha) jo ciMtei Na vaMkaM Na kuNadi vaMkaM Na jaMpade vaMkaM / Na ya govadi Niya dosaM ajjava-dhammo have tassa / / 100- uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 3, gA. 12. sohI ujjuyabhUyassa dhammo suddhassa citttthii| nivvANaM paramaM jAi ghaya-sitta vva pAvae / / 101. (ka) pUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi - a. 6, sU. 12, (TIkA), pR. 162 lobhaprakArANAmuparamaH zaucam / / (kha) upanirdiSTa a. 6, sU. 6 (TIkA), pR. 241 prakarSaprAptalobhAnnivRttiH zaucam / 102. bhaTTAkalaMka-tattvArtharAjavArtika - a. 6, sU. 6, pR. 565, bhA. 2 103. umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (hiMdI anu- khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI) - a. 6, sU. 6, pR. 386..

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240 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 104. 105. 107. satyarthe bhavaM vacaH satyaM, sadbhyo yat hitaM satyam tadanRtamaparuSamapizunamanasabhya- macapalamanAvilamaviralamasaMbhrAntaM madhuramabhijAtamasaMdigdham / / 5 / / anu.- jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma.- praznavyAkaraNasUtra, saMvaradvAra, a. 2, pR. 153-54 logaMmi sArabhUyaM, gaMbhItaraM mahAsamudAo, thirataraMga, bherU pavvayAo, somataraM caMdamaMDalA, AdittataraM sUra maMDalAo, vimalataraM sarayanahayalAo, surahitaraM gaMthamAyaNAo / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 6, pR. 566. satsu sAdhuvacanaM satyam / satsu prazasteSu janeSu sAdhuvacanaM satyamityucyate / tAdRzaprakAraM vyAkhyAtam / 106. viduSI mahAsatI ujjvalakumArIjI - zrAvakadharma - pR. 26-27 uparinirdiSTa, ujjavalavANI - bhAga 1, pR. 75. 108. umAsvAti - sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (hiMdI anu- khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI) - a. 6, sU. 6, pR. 360 109. (ka) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 136 (kha) saM. tilakadhara zAstrI-Atmarazmi (mAsika patrikA) - aMka 1, aprela, 1671, . 6. (zrI manohara munijI "kumuda" - saMyama : eka cintana.) 110. siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA - tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya) - bhAga 2, a.6, sU. 6, pR. 166 tapatIti tapaH / zarIrendriyatApanAt karmanirdahanAcca tapaH / apara Aha 'vizeSeNa kAyamanastApavizeSAt tapaH' / 111. gItA presa, gorakhapura - zatapatha brAhmaNa - 3/4/4/26, pR. 267 tapasA vai lokaM jayanti / / 112. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 6 (TIkA), pR.568. parigrahanivRttistyAgaH / 18 / parigrahasya cetanAcetanalakSaNasya nivRttistyAga iti nizcIyate / 113. AcArya bhikkhu-navapadArtha - pR- 516 nirmamattvaM tyAgaH / 114. siddhasenagaNikRta TIkA-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya)- bhAga 2, a.6, sU. 6, pR- 207. 115. (ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga 2, a.6, sU.6 (TIkA),pR.68. mamedamityabhisandhinivRttirakiMcanyam / (kha) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 1, pR. 234.

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241 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 116. 117. 116. akiMcanatA sakalagranthatyAgaH / kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 166. jIvo baMbho jIvammi ceva cariyAhavijja jA jaNido / taM jANa baMbhacera vimukkaparadehatittissa / AtmA brahma viviktabodhanilayo yattatra carye para / svagAtrAsaMgavivarjitaikamanasastadbrahmacarya muneH / uparinirdiSTa 118. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a-6, sU-6, TIkA, pR-568 anubhUtAGganAsmaraNatatkathAzravaNastrIsaMsaktazayanAsanAdivarjanAd brahmacaryam / 22 / asvAtantryArtha guroH brahmaNi caryamiti vA / / 23 / / umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra (anu. paM. sukhalAlajI) - pR. 340 120. siddhasenagaNikRti TIkA - tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya) - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 6, pR. 207 vrataparipAlanAya jJAnAbhivRddhaye kaSAyaparipAkAya ca gurukulavAso brahmacaryam / / 121. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. - jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 251 Ayustejo balaM vIrya, prajJA zrIzca mahAyazaH / puNyaM ca matpriyatvaM ca hanyate'brahmacaryayA / / 122. praznavyAkaraNasUtra (paNhAvAgaraNa)-saM. pupphabhikkhU -suttAgame, bhA. 1, saM. 4, pR. 1232. ekkami baMbhacere jaMmi ya ArAhiyami ArAhiyaM vayamiNaM savvaM / 123. AcArya zrIAnaMdaRSi - bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 125 124. AcArya zrIAnaMdaRSi - bhAvanAyoga : eka vizleSaNa - pR. 124 125. maharSi vyAsadeva praNIta bhASya-pAtaMjalayogadarzana - dvitIya sAdhanapAda, 2/38, pR. 243. brahmacaryapratiSThAyAM vIryalAbhaH / / 38 / / 126. zrImadbhagavadgItA-a. 2, zlo. 62. dhyAyato viSayAnpuMsaH saGgasteSUpajAyate / 127. umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (hiMdI anu. paM. khUbacandrasiddhAntazAstrI) pR. 363. 9. jainendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 1, pR. 72-73 (ka) pakammaNijjaraNaTThamaTThi majjANugayassa sudaNANamassa parimalaNamaNupekkhANAma / (kha) suvatthassa sudANusAreNa cintaNamaNupehaNaM NAma / 126. (ka) pUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi, a. 6, sU. 2 (TIkA), pR. 240 zarIrAdInAM svabhAvAnucintanamanuprekSA / / 10

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242 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 130. 131. 132. 133. (kha) uparinirdiSTa, a. 6, sU. 25 (TIkA), pR. 256 adhigatArthasya manasA''bhyAso'nuprekSA / / (ga) bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI - jainalakSaNAvalI - bhA. 1, pR. 73 anu punaH punaH prekSaNaM cintanaM smaraNamanityAdisvarUpANAmityanuprekSA, nija-nijanAmAnusAreNa tattvAnucintanamanuprekSA ityarthaH / (ka) umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 7. (kha) devaguptasUri - navatattvaprakaraNam - bhA. 84-85, pR. 38 paDhamamaNiccamasaraNaya saMsArI egayA ya aNNattaM / asuittaM Asava saMvara ya taha nijjarA navI / / 84 / / logasahAvo bohI, ya dullahA dhammasAhao arahA / / eyA u huMti vArasa, aNupehAo jiNudiTThA / / 85 / / (ga) AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra- caturthaprakAza, zlo. 55-56, pR. 127 sAmyaM syAnnirmamatvena, tatkRte bhAvanAH zrayet / anityatAmazaraNaM bhavamekatvamanyatAm / / 55 / / uparinirdiSTa, zlo. 57, pR. 128 yatprAtastanna madhyAhne, yannamadhyAhne na tannizi / nirIkSyate bhave'smin hi padAnAnAmanityatA / / 57 / / AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra-(caturtha prakAza), zlo. 58-60, pR. 28-126uparinirdiSTa, zlo. 64, pR. 126 saMsAre duHkhadAvAgni-jvalajjvAlA-karAlite / vane mRgArbhakasyeva zaraNaM nAsti dehinaH / / 64 / / umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (hiMdI anu. paM. khUbacandrasiddhAntazAstrI) - a. 6, sU. 7, pR. 365. paMDita kavivara zrI daulatarAmajI-chahaDhAlA - 5 vI DhAla, pR. 132 bahugati duHkha jIva bharai hai, parivartana paca karai hai; savavidhi saMsAra asArA, yAmeM sukha nahIM lagArA / / 5 / / / AcArya hemacandra - yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 66, pR. 130 na yAti katamAM yoni katamAM vA na muMcati / saMsArI saMsArakarmasambandhAdaya kraya - kuTImiva / / 66 / / uparinirdiSTa, zlo. 68, 66. pR. 130 AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 70, pR. 131 yatrAnyatvaM zarIrasya vaisAdRzyAccharIriNaH / dhanabandhusahAyAnAM tatrAnyatvaM na durvacam / / 70 / / uparinirdiSTa, zlo. 72-73, pR. 131-32 rasAsRgmAMsamedo'sthimajjA zukrAntravarcasAm / azucInAM padaM kAyaH zucitvaM tasya tatkutaH / / 72 / / 134. 135. 136. 137138. 136

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243 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 140. 141. navastrota-sravadvistra-rasaniHsyanda-picchile / dehe'pi zaucasaMkalpo mahanmohavijRmbhitam / / 73 / / (ka) umAsvAti-mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra) - TIkAkAra paM. pannAlAlajI jaina 'vasanta', pR. 175. (kha) AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 74, pR. 132. manovAkkAyakarmANi yogAH karmazubhAzubham / yadAyAnti jantUnAmAnavAstena kIrtitAH / / 74 / / (ka) umAsvAti-mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra) - TIkAkAra paM. pannAlAlajI jaina 'vasanta', pR. 175 (kha) AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 85, pR. 135 jJeyA sakAmA yaminAmakAmA tvanyadehinAm / karmaNAM phalavatpAko yadupAyAtsvato'pi / / 87 / / 142. (ka) umAsvAti - mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra)-TIkAkAra paM. pannAlAlajI jaina 'vasanta', pR. 176 (kha) AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 87 pR. 135 jJeyA sakAmA yaminAmakAmA tvanyadehinAm / karmaNAM phalavatpAko yadupAyAtsvato'pi / / 67 / / 143. uparinirdiSTa, zlo. 104, 106, pR. 141 . loko jagattrayAkIrNo bhuvaH saptAtra veSTitAH / ghanAmbhodhi-mahAvAta-tanuvAtairmahAbalaiH / / 104 / / niSpAdito na kenApi na dhRtaH kenacicca sH| svayaMsiddho nirAdhAro gagane kinvavasthitaH / / 106 / / 144. (ka) umAsvAti-mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra) - TIkAkAra paM. pannAlAlajI jaina 'vasanta', pR. 176. (kha) AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 106, pR. 141. prApteSu puNyataH zraddhAkathanazravaNeSvapi / tattvanizcayarUpaM sadbodhiratnaM sudurlabham / / 106 / / 145. (ka) umAsvAti-mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra) - TIkAkAra paM. pannAlAlajI jaina 'vasanta', pR. 176. (kha) AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra (caturtha prakAza) - zlo. 64, 100,101,102, pR. 138-140. dharmaprabhAvataH kalpadrumAdyA dadatIpsitam / gocare'pi na te yatsyuradharmAdhiSThitAtmanAm / / 64 / / abandhUnAmasau bandhurasakhInAmasau sakhA / anAthAnAmasau nAtho dharmo vizvaikavatsalaH / / 100. / / rakSoyakSoragavyAghravyAlAnalagaralAdayaH /

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244 146. 147. 148. 146 150. 151. 153 154. jaina darzana ke nava tattva nAmakartumalaM teSAM yairdharmaH zaraNaM zritaH / / 101 / / dharmo narakapAtAlapAtAdavati dehinaH / dharmo nirupamaM yacchatyapi sarvajJa - vaibhavam / / 102 / / kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhA. 1, pR. 80. kiM palaviyeNa bahuNA je siddhA NaravarA gaye kAle sejhaMti ya je (bha) viyA tajjANaha tassa mAhappaM / - kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 1, pR. 80. vidhyAti kaSAyAgnirvigalati rAgo vilIyate dhvAntam / unmiSati bodhadIpo hRdi puMsAM bhAvanAbhyAsAt / / dvAdazApi sadA cintyA anuprekSA mahAtmabhiH / - tadbhAvanA bhavatyeva karmaNaH kSayakAraNa / / uparinirdiSTa uparinirdiSTa bhAga 3, pR. 36. duHkhopanipAte saMkleSarahitA parISahajayaH / so viparisaha-vijao chuhAdi pIDANa airaudANaM / savaNANaM ca muNINaM uvasama-bhAveNa jaM sahaNaM / - uparinirdiSTa (ka) pUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi- a. 6, sU. 2 ( TIkA), pR. 240 parISahasya jayaH parISahajayaH / uparinirdiSTa (kha) kSudhAdivedanotpattau karmanirjarArthe sahanaM parISahaH / umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (hiMdI anu. paM. khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI)- a. 6, sU. 8, (bhASya), pR. 405 samyagdarzanAdermokSamArgAdacyavanArthaM karma nirjarArthaM ca pariSoDhavyAH parISahA iti / uparinirdiSTa a. 6, sU. 6, (bhASya), pR. 406. kSutpipAsAzItoSNadaMzamazakanAgnyAratistrIcaryAniSadayA lAbharogatRNasparzamalasatkArapuraskAraprajJAjJAnAdarzanAni // zayyAkrozavadhayAcanA (ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU -suttAgame ( samavAyAMga ) - bhAga 1, pR. 335 bAvIsa parIsahA paNNatA taM jahA - digiMchAparIsahe, pivAsAparIsahe, sItaparIsahe, usiNaparIsahe, daMsamasagaparIsahe, acelaparIsahe, araiparIsahe, itthIparIsahe, cariAparIsahe, nIsIhi AparIsahe, sijjAparIsahe, akkosaparIsahe, vahaparIsahe, jAyaNAparIsahe, alAbhaparIsahe, rogaparIsahe, taNaphAsaparIsahe, mallaparIsahe, sakkArapurakkAraparIsahe, paNNAparIsahe, aNNANaparIsahe, daMsaNaparIsahe / (kha) uparinirdiSTa (bhagavaI) - za. 8, u.8, pR. 556. (ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - adhyAya 2. (gha) umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 8 - 16.

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245 155. 156. 158. 156. 157. kundakundAcArya - pravacanasAra caritaM khalu dhammo / 160. 161. 162. jaina darzana ke nava tattva kSu. jinendra varNI- jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 37. moktuM ca pratapanakSudAdivapuSo dvAviMzatiH, vedanA svastho yatsahate parISahajayaH sAdhyaH sa dhIraiH param / / kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 2, pR. 282. 163. (ka) carati caryate'nena caraNamAtraM vA cAritram / (kha) carati yAti tena hitaprAptiM ahitanivAraNaM ceti cAritram / caryate sevyate sajjanairiti vA cAritraM sAmAyikAdikam / (ga) svasminneva khalu jJAnasvabhAve nirantaracaraNAccAritraM bhavati / (gha) svarUpe caraNaM cAritraM / svasamayapravRttirityarthaH / a. 1, gA. 7 pR. 7, (ka) umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( hiMdI anu paM. khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI ) - a. 1, sU. 1, pR. 15. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / / 1 / / (kha) pUjyapAdAcArya-sarvArthasiddhi a. 6, sU. 18 (TIkA), pR. 256. cAritramante gRhyate mokSaprApteH sAkSAtkAraNamiti jJApanArtham / (ga) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhA. 2, pR. 284 cAritraM bhavati yataH samastasAvadyayogapariharaNAt / sakalakaSAyavimuktaM vizadamudAsInAtmarUpam tat / (ka) umAsvAti-sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra - a. 6, sU. 18, pR. 352. sAmAyikacchedopasthApyaparihAravizuddhisUkSmasaMparAyayathAkhyAtAni cAritram / / 18 / / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 28, bhA. 32, 33 sAmAiyattha paDhamaM cheovaTThAvaNaM bhave vIyaM / parihAravisuddhIyaM suhumaM taha saMparAyaM ca / / akasAyaM ahakkhAyaM chaumatthassa jiNassa vA / / - - - (ka) prakAzaka seTha veNIcaMda suracaMda - navatattvaprakaraNa (sArtha), pR. 110 (kha) kSu. jinendra varNI - jinendrasiddhAntakoza bhA. 4, pR. 420 savve jIvA NANapayA jo samabhAva muNei / so sAmAiya jANi phuDu jiNavara ema bhaNei / rAyarosa vi pariharivi jo samabhAu muNei / seTha veNIcaMda suracaMda-navatattvaprakaraNa (sArtha), pR. 110 umAsvAti-mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra ) - TIkAkAra - pannAlAlajI jaina 'vasanta', prakAzaka - - - a. 6, sU. 18, pR. 182. kSu. jinendra varNI - jinendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 2, pR. 307. pramAdakRtAnarthaprabandhavilope samyaktvAnarthaprabandhavilope samyaktvapratikriyA chedopasthApanA vikalpanivRttirvA /

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246 164. 165. 166. jaina darzana ke nava tattva zrImadamRtacandrasUri - tattvArthasAra - SaSThAdhikAra, zlo- 46, pR- 173yatra hiMsAdibhedena tyAgaH sAvadyakarmaNaH / 168. vratalope vizuddhirvAchedopasthApanaM hi tat / / 46 / / (ka) prakAzaka - seTha veNIcaMda suracaMda - navatattvaprakaraNa (sArtha), pR. 111-112 (kha) umAsvAti-mokSazAstra ( tattvArthasUtra ) - TIkAkAra pannAlAlajI jaina 'vasanta', a. 8, sU. 18, pR. 182 (ga) kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza pariharaNaM parihAraH prANivadhAnnivRttiH / - tena viziSTA zuddhiryasmiMstatparihAravizuddhicAritram / (gha) micchAdiU jo pariharaNu sammadaM saNa- suddhi / so parihAravisuddhi muNi lahu pAvahi siva- siddhi / uparinirdiSTa (ca) mithyAtvarAgAdivikalpamAlAnAM pratyAkhyAnena parihAreNa vizeSeNa svAtmanaH zuddhinairmalyaparihAravizuddhicAritramiti / uparinirdiSTa (ka) prakAzaka - seTha veNIcaMda sUracaMda - navatattvaprakaraNa (sArtha), pR. 113-115 (kha) umAsvAti - mokSazAstra ( tattvArthasUtra ) - TIkAkAra pannAlAlajI jaina 'vasanta', a. 6, sU. 18, pR. 182 183. (ga) umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra (paM. sukhalAlajI) - a. 6, sU. 18, pR.352-53 (gha) pra. seTha veNIcaMda suracaMda - navatattvaprakaraNa (sArtha), pR. 113 tatazca yathAkhyAtaM khyAtaM sarvasmin jIvaloke / yaccaritvA suvihitA gacchantyajarAmaraM sthAnam / / 33 / / 167. gRddhapicchAcArya-tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra ) - marAThI anu. zrI. bra. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI, pR. 275. kSu. jinendra varNI - jinendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 4, pR. 142. yathA suguptasusaMvRtadvArakapATaM puraM surakSitaM durAsadamArAtibhirbhavati, tathA suguptisamitidharmAnuprekSAparISahajayacAritrAtmanaH susaMvRtendriyakaSAyayogasya abhinavakarmAgamadvArasaMvaraNAt saMvaraH / 166. devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR- 206 kSu. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza saMyojaka : udayavijayagaNi - navatattvasAhityasaMgraha 170. bhAga 4, pR. 143. 171. bhAga 3, pR. 34 - (zrIhemacandrasUri-saptatattvaprakaraNam), pR. 15. yathA catuSpathasthasya bahudvArasya vezmanaH / anAvRteSu dvAreSu, rajaH pravizati prazAntaM dhruvam / / 118 / / praviSTaM snehayogAcca, tanmayatvena vadhyate /

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247 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva na vizenna ca vadhyeta, dvAreSu sthagiteSu ca / / 116 / / yathA vA sarasi kvApi, savaidvArairvizejjalam / teSu tu pratiruddheSu, pravizenna manAgapi / / 120 / / yathA vA yAnapAtrasya, madhye randhairvizejjalam / / kRte randhrapidhAne tu, na stokamapi tadvizet / / 121 / / yogAdiSvAnavadvAreSvevaM ruddheSu sarvataH / karmadravyapravezo na, jIve saMvarazAlini / / 122 / /

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saptama adhyAya nirjarA tattva [Exhaustion of Karma] tAtparya hai pUrvabaddha jhar3anA yA kama honA / nava tattvoM meM nirjarA sAtavA~ tattva hai / nirjarA kA karmoM kA aMzataH kSaya karanA / nirjarA zabda kA artha hai| navIna karmoM kA Agamana roka denA, saMvara hai aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karanA, nirjarA hai / isa prakAra saMvara se naye karmoM kA Agamana rukakara tathA nirjarA ke dvArA pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya hokara mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| ataH pUrva karmoM kA AMzika kSaya hotA hI nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| jIva anAdi kAla se karmoM ke vazIbhUta hokara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| karmoM ke bandha kA hetu Anava hai| ba~dhe hue karma udaya meM Akara arthAt apanA phala dekara samApta ho jAte haiM / jIvAtmA ke asaMkhya pradeza hote haiM aura ina pradezoM ke dvArA vaha kamoM kA Asrava aura bandha karatA hai| jaise-jaise karmoM kA kSayopazama hotA jAtA hai vaise-vaise jIvAtmA AvaraNa se rahita hokara ujjvala hotA jAtA hai| jIvAtmA kA karmoM ke AvaraNa se rahita hokara ujjvala honA hI nirjarA hai| jIva kA AMzika rUpa se karmamala se rahita hokara ujjvala honA hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM nirjarA hai| aura jaba sampUrNa karmamala sApha ho jAtA hai, taba mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| mokSa AtmA kA sarvocca lakSya hai aura sampUrNa rUpa se karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne kI avasthA hai / nirjarA kA artha jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA jA cukA hai, AtmapradezoM se karmamala kA AMzika rUpa se kSaya honA nirjarA hai 'ekadezakarmasaMzayalakSaNA nirjarA' (sarvArthasiddhi, adhyAya 1, sU. 4) / - - tattvArthavRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki karmoM kA AMzika rUpa se kSaya honA aura AtmA kA AMzika rUpa se vizuddha honA hI nirjarA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra Anava ke dvArA karma Ate haiM aura rAga-dveSa ke dvArA bandha ko prApta hote haiN| jaba taka jIvAtmA meM rAga-dveSa ke tattva upasthita haiM, taba taka Anava aura bandha kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai| yahI saMsAra hai / kintu jaba AtmA svarUpa kA parijJAna kara apane svabhAva meM sthita hotA hai arthAt rAga-dveSa se Upara uThatA hai arthAt vItarAga - avasthA ko prApta karatA hai, taba navIna karmoM kA Agamana arthAt Anava ruka jAtA hai| Asrava kA abhAva hone para bandha bhI nahIM hotA hai| Anava kA ruka jAnA hI saMvara hai /

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249 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva saMvara ke dvArA navIna kamoM kA Agamana to ruka jAtA hai kintu pUrvabaddha kamoM kI sattA banI rahatI hai| jaba taka pUrvabaddha karma naSTa nahIM hote taba taka mukti nahIM miltii| pUrvabaddha kamoM ko naSTa karane kI yaha prakriyA hI nirjarA kahI jAtI hai| yaha bAta nimnAMkita udAharaNa se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| tAlAba meM jaba taka pAnI ke Agamana ke srota khule rahate haiM, pAnI kA Agamana nahIM ruktaa| una srotoM ko banda kara dene para navIna pAnI kA Agamana to ruka jAtA hai parantu jo pAnI tAlAba meM bharA huA hai, use nikAle binA tAlAba rikta nahIM hotaa| tAlAba meM pAnI ke Agamana ke srotoM ko banda kara denA saMvara hai| aura usameM bhare hue jala ko nikAla denA yA sukhA denA nirjarA hai| nirjarA ke dvArA sAdhaka AtmArUpI tAlAba se karmarUpI jala ko nikAlakara bandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| AgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA para lage hue karmamala kA AMzika rUpa se kSaya honA athavA usakA AtmapradezoM se alaga honA hI nirjarA kI sAdhanA hai| AgamoM meM tapa ko nirjarA kA sAdhana batAyA gayA hai| tapa rUpI agni karmarUpI Idhana ko jalAkara naSTa kara detI hai| tapa se pUrvabaddha kamoM kA kSaya kara jIvAtmA sarvaduHkhoM se mukta hokara mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| jisa prakAra sUrya kI garmI se pUrva meM tAlAba meM bharA huA pAnI sUkha jAtA hai usI prakAra tapa rUpI agni se karmarUpI saMcita jala sUkha jAtA hai| tapa kamoM ko naSTa karane kI prakriyA hai| mithyAtva, kaSAya tathA rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karake niSkAma bhAva se tapaHsAdhanA, Atmavizuddhi ke liye Avazyaka hai| AsaktipUrvaka aMhakAra se yukta hokara bhautika upalabdhiyoM ke liye kiyA gayA tapa mAtra bAhya tapa hai| usase zarIra hI jIrNa hotA hai, kintu manovikAra nahIM jaate| vastutaH manovikAroM ko naSTa karanA hI tapa kA vAstavika artha hai| jisa prakAra makkhana se ghI nikAlane ke liye makkhana ko tapAnA Avazyaka hotA hai| makkhana ko isaliye tapAyA jAtA hai ki usameM jo chAcha Adi hai, vaha uSNatA ke dvArA naSTa ho jAya aura zuddha ghI kI prApti ho| usI prakAra jIvAtmA meM para ke saMyoga ke nimitta se jo vikAradazA prApta hotI hai, use samApta karake zuddha AtmasvarUpa ko prApta karane ke liye hI tapa kiyA jAtA hai| tapa rUpI agni AtmA ke vikAroM ko naSTa karatI hai| nirjarA kA svarUpa japa, tapa aura dhyAna Adi ke dvArA pUrvabaddha kamoM ko naSTa karanA nirjarA hai| kaSAyoM ke kAraNa utpanna duHkhoM ko samApta karanA hI nirjarA kA uddezya hai| jIva anAdi kAla se saMsAra rUpI samudra ko pAra karane kA prayatna

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva 250 karatA rahA hai, kintu karmoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa vaha saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karane meM samartha nahIM ho paataa| jIva ATha karmoM ke cakra meM isa prakAra ba~dhA huA hai ki vaha apane svarUpa ko bhI vismRta kara cukA hai| jaba taka vaha karmoM se baddha hai taba taka saMsAra cakra nirantara calatA hI rahatA hai / karmoM ke isa bandhana se kaise chUTA jAya, isa viSaya para jaba taka vicAra nahIM hotA taba taka isa saMsAracakra kA bhI nirodha nahIM hotaa| isakI gati nirantara calatI rahatI hai / jisa prakAra chidrayukta naukA se pAnI ko nikAlane kA kitanA hI prayatna kiyA jAya, naukA kabhI khAlI nahIM hotI / apitu jala se bharakara vaha DUba hI jAtI hai / usI prakAra AtmA meM jaba taka AnavarUpI dvAra khule hue haiM, navIna karmoM kA Agamana nirantara jArI hai, taba taka bhavasAgara se pAra honA kaThina hai / saMvara ke dvArA una chidroM ko banda karake tathA tapa ke dvArA naukA meM sthita jala ko ulIcakara hI saMsAra - mahAsAgara se pAra huA jA sakatA hai| naukA meM bace hue karmarUpI jala ko nikAlanA arthAt AtmA ko karma se alaga karanA hI nirjarA hai / jaba karmoM ko naSTa karane kI icchA hogI tabhI nirjarA ke dvArA AtmA kA karmarUpI mala naSTa hogaa| jisa prakAra naukA meM baiThA huA vyakti, naukA meM jala ke Agamana ke chidroM ko banda karake tathA usameM sthita jala ko nikAlakara hI pAra pahu~ca sakatA hai; usI prakAra sAdhaka saMvara ke dvArA karmarUpI jala ke Agamana ko rokakara tathA nirjarA ke dvArA pUrva saMcita karmarUpI jala ko nikAlakara hI saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra kara sakatA hai, arthAt mokSasukha ko prApta kara sakatA hai I jIva kA karmoM se AMzika rUpa se mukta hone kA prayAsa nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| jaba jIvAtmA AMzikarUpa se arthAt thor3e-thor3e rUpa se karmarUpI mala ko kSINa karatA huA, isa sthiti meM pahu~catA hai ki usakA sampUrNa karmarUpI mala samApta ho jAtA hai; taba use pUrNa mukti kI prApti hotI hai aura vaha ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta zakti aura ananta sukha rUpa ananta catuSTaya kA adhikArI hotA hai / nirjarA ke do prakAra - nirjarA do prakAra kI kahI gayI hai| (1) avipAka nirjarA aura (2) savipAka nirjarA / inheM kramazaH aupakramika nirjarA tathA anaupakramika nirjarA bhI kahA jAtA hai / karmoM kA apanI kAlamaryAdA ke paripakva hone para apanA phala dekara naSTa ho jAnA, savipAka nirjarA hai| jabaki pUrvabaddha karmoM ko unakI kAlamaryAdA ke pUrNa hone ke pUrva hI udaya meM lAkara samApta kara denA, avipAka nirjarA hai / savipAka

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251 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva nirjarA to jIvAtmA hara samaya karatA hI rahatA hai| kintu isase mukti prApta nahIM hotii| kyoMki naye karmoM ke Agamana kI paramparA yathAvat calatI rahatI hai| savipAka aura avipAka nirjarA ko nimnAMkita udAharaNa ke dvArA bhI samajhAyA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra vRkSa para lage hue phala unakI kAla-sImA ke pUrNa hone para svataH hI pakakara gira jAte haiM, usI prakAra savipAka nirjarA meM karma apanA phala dekara naSTa hote rahate haiN| kintu karmoM ke isa svAbhAvika vipAka ke samaya jIva rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara navIna karmoM kA bandha karatA rahatA hai| isa prakAra karma-paramparA calatI rahatI hai| kintu jisa prakAra per3a para lage hue phaloM ko samaya-maryAdA ke pUrva hI tor3akara, garmI Adi dekara pakA liyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra karmoM ke udaya meM Ane ke pUrva hI taparUpI agni se unheM naSTa kara denA avipAka nirjarA hai| savipAka nirjarA kevala udayAdhIna karmoM kI hI hotI hai, jabaki avipAka nirjarA unakI bhI hotI hai, jo karma abhI udaya ke yogya nahIM bane haiN| savipAka nirjarA saMsArI jIva sadaiva karatA rahatA hai, kintu avipAka nirjarA to samyakdRSTi-vratadhArI jIva hI karane meM samartha hote haiN| karmamala ko AtmA se alaga karanA jIva kA svabhAva hai kintu yaha taba taka sambhava nahIM hotA, jaba taka jIvAtmA apane svarUpa kA bodha prApta nahIM kara letaa| __navIna karmoM ke Asrava ko rokanA aura pUrvabaddha karmoM ko cha: prakAra ke bAhya tathA cha: prakAra ke abhyantara tapoM ke dvArA naSTa karanA - samyakdRSTi-jIva kA prayatna hotA hai| jaba taka jIva mithyAtva ke vazIbhUta hokara rAga-dveSa ke dvArA naye karmoM kA bandha karatA rahatA hai, taba taka vaha mukti ko prApta nahIM hotaa| __ jo jIva samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna se yukta hokara samyak cAritrya ke dvArA apane vikArI bhAvoM ko AMzika rUpa se naSTa karatA hai, usake karmoM kI avipAka nirjarA hotI hai| avipAka nirjarA meM karma, phala dene ke pUrva hI tapa Adi ke dvArA naSTa kara diye jAte haiN| apanA phala dene ke pUrva tapa Adi ke dvArA karmoM ko naSTa kara denA, avipAka nirjarA hai| aura karmoM kA, apane svAbhAvika krama se samayamaryAdA pUrNa hone para phala dekara naSTa ho jAnA, savipAka nirjarA kahalAtA hai| ___karmamala ko samApta karane ke lie munijana duSkara tapa karate haiN| rAtri meM zmazAna Adi bhayAnaka sthAnoM para khar3e rahakara dhyAna karate haiN| bhUkha-pyAsa, sardI-garmI Adi aneka prakAra ke parISahoM ko sahana karate haiN| dUsare prANiyoM ke dvArA diye gaye nAnAvidha kaSToM ko sahate haiN| kezaloca Adi aneka prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karate haiN| aThAraha prakAra ke saMyamoM kA pAlana karate haiN| sampUrNarUpa se brahmacarya kA pAlana karate haiN| strI-putra, parijana Adi ke prati rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karake sabhI prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga karate haiN| yahA~ taka ki apane zarIra para bhI mamatva nahIM rakhate haiN| ugra tapasyA Adi ke dvArA vAsanAoM

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252 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kA damana karate haiN| yaha saba avipAka evaM sakAma nirjarA kahA jAtA hai kyoMki isameM icchApUrvaka karmoM kA kSaya karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| sakAma nirjarA prayatnapUrvaka hotI hai aura usameM karmoM ko usake phala dene ke pUrva hI udaya meM lAkara naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai| vivazatA se jIvAtmA aneka prakAra ke kaSToM ko bhogatA huA savipAka yA akAma nirjarA to hara samaya karatA hI rahatA hai; kintu jaba svecchA se kaSToM ko sahana karake AtmapuruSArtha ke dvArA pUrvabaddha karmoM ko naSTa kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI avipAka nirjarA yA sakAma nirjarA hotI hai| yahI mukti kA mArga hai| nirjarA ke bAraha prakAra saMyogoM ke kAraNa AtmA meM Aye hue azuddha bhAva yA vikAra bhAva ko naSTa karane ke liye tathA AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ke liye tapa-sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| jIvAtmA taparUpI agni meM tapakara hI Atmavizuddhi kara sakatA hai| bhojana-pAnI Adi kA tyAga karanA bAhya tapa hai| kintu kaSAya, kAmanA, icchA, AkAMkSA, mamatva-buddhi aura tRSNA kA tyAga karanA hI vAstavika tapa hai| samyak tapa kA prayojana Atmavizuddhi hai| isaliye mokSa-mArga kI sAdhanA meM AtmA meM jo karmoM kA Agamana hai, use samApta karane ke lie tapa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha tapa hI nirjarA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM nirjarA eka prakAra kI batAyI gayI hai - 'egA nijjarA' / parantu anya sthAnoM para nirjarA ke bAraha prakAroM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| jisa prakAra agni eka hI hotI hai, kintu tRNa, kASTa Adi nimitta-bhedoM ke kAraNa vaha kASThAgni, taNAgni Adi kahI jAtI hai| usI prakAra karmamala ko naSTa karane rUpa nirjarA to vastutaH eka hI prakAra kI hai; kintu jina-jina sAdhanoM se yaha nirjarA kI jAtI hai, una-una sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para usake bAraha bheda batAye gaye haiN| nirjarA ke bAraha prakAra nimnAMkita haiM - 1. anazana - bhojana Adi kA tyAga karanA anazana hai| 2. avamaudarya - AvazyakatA se kama khAnA yA AhAra ke parimANa meM kamI krnaa| 3. vRttiparisaMkhyAna - bhikSAvRtti karate samaya vastu tathA usakI mAtrA Adi meM kamI krnaa| 4. rasaparityAga - dUdha, dahI, ghI-tela, zakkara, gur3a Adi kA tyAga krnaa| 5. viviktazayyAsana - ekAnta sthAna meM rahanA aura apanI indriyoM para niyantraNa krnaa| 6. kAyakleza - zArIrika kaSToM ko sahana krnaa| jaise - bhUmi para zayana karanA ucati BTICI

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253 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 7. prAyazcitta - AtmAlocanapUrvaka apane dvArA kRta pApoM kA prAyazcitta krnaa| 8. vinaya - vinamratA dhAraNa karanA athavA variSThajanoM ko sammAna denaa| 6. vaiyAvRtya - glAna, vRddha evaM rogI janoM kI sevA krnaa| 10. svAdhyAya - AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA bodha karanA athavA sadgranthoM kA adhyayana krnaa-kraanaa| 11. vyutsarga - zarIra Adi ke prati mamatvabuddhi kA tyAga krnaa| 12. dhyAna - zArIrika sthiratA evaM maunapUrvaka Atmacintana yA dhyAna krnaa| ina bAraha prakAra ke tapoM meM prathama cha: bAhya tapa aura antima cha: abhyantara tapa kahe jAte haiN| jo svecchApUrvaka tapaH-sAdhanA karatA hai vaha pUrvabaddhasattA meM rahe hue karmoM ko naSTa karake zIghra hI mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| tapa rUpI agni se karmarUpI IMdhana jala jAne para AtmA karmoM ke bhAra se halkA hotA hai| tapaH sAdhanA karate hue utkRSTa bhAvoM ke Ane para jIva tIrthaMkara nAmagotra kA bhI upArjana kara sakatA hai| tapa karmoM ko naSTa karatA hai, saMsAra ke paribhramaNa ko samApta karatA hai aura AtmA ko mukti pradAna karatA hai| use siddhasvarUpa banA detA hai| tapa ke dvArA aneka janmoM ke saMcita karma bhI eka kSaNa meM naSTa ho jAte haiN| taparUpI ratna amUlya ratna hai| isameM aneka guNa haiN| tapa yA nirjarA ke dvArA jIva AtmA ko karmoM ke mala se alaga karatA hai| sAtha hI karmoM se nivRtta hokara zuddha paramojjvala AtmasvarUpa ko prApta karatA nirjarA mokSa kA mArga hai| jisa vyakti meM karma kI nirjarA kI bhAvanA hotI hai, usane mokSa mArga kA avalambana kiyA hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| tapa ke dvArA saMvara aura nirjarA donoM hI hote haiN| jisa prakAra tapa indriyasaMyama ke rUpa meM saMvara kA upAya hai, usI prakAra tapa karmoM kI nirjarA kA bhI upAya hai| tapa laukika aura pAralaukika sukha kA sAdhana hai| vaha niHzreyasa kA mArga hai| vastutaH tapa to eka hI hai, parantu jaba vaha sakAma hotA hai to laukika sukhoM kA sAdhana banatA hai aura jaba vaha niSkAma hotA hai to nirjarA yA mukti kA sAdhana banatA sakAma tapa se abhyudaya aura niSkAma tapa se niHzreyasa kI prApti hotI hai| jisa prakAra eka hI agni anna ko tapAne aura jalAne donoM kA kAma karatI hai; usIprakAra tapa eka ora laukika aura pAralaukika sukhoM kI prApti karAtA hai, to dUsarI ora pUrvabaddha kamoM ko naSTa karatA hai athavA jisa prakAra kisAna dhAnya ke liye khetI karatA hai, kintu ghAsa-bhUse Adi kI prApti svAbhAvika rUpa se ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra tapa kA mukhya lakSya to karmakSaya hotA hai, kintu usase laukika sukhoM kI prApti bhI AnuSaMgika rUpa se ho jAtI hai|

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254 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva tapa ke abhyantara aura bAhya donoM hI prakAra varNita haiN| jisa tapa meM zArIrika kriyA pramukha hotI hai athavA jo dUsaroM ko tapa ke rUpa meM dikhAyI detA hai, vaha bAhya tapa kahalAtA hai| isake viparIta jo bAhara se tapa ke rUpa meM dikhAyI nahIM detA aura jisameM mAnasika sAdhanA hI pramukha hotI hai, vaha abhyantara tapa kahA jAtA hai| agrima pRSThoM meM tapa ke uparyukta bAraha prakAroM kI carcA kI jaayegii| 1. anazana . maryAdita samaya ke liye yA AjIvana ke liye AhAra kA tyAga karanA anazana kahalAtA hai| ise upavAsa yA anazana ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| vaise to upavAsa roganivRtti ke liye bhI kiye jAte haiM, parantu jo upavAsa AdhyAtmika vizuddhi ke liye kiyA jAtA hai, vahI vAstavika upavAsa hai| anazana kA uddezya, saMyama kA rakSaNa aura karmoM kI nirjarA donoM hI haiN|' saMkSepa meM saMyama kI sAdhanA, deha ke prati rAga bhAva kA vinAza, dhyAna-sAdhanA athavA jJAnasAdhanA ke liye anazana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| sAtha hI isase jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA bhI hotI hai| anazana ke prakAra - anazana do prakAra ke hote haiM - (ka) itvarika aura (kha) yAvajjIvana / (ka) itvarika - eka nirdhArita samaya ke liye jo anazana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha itvarika anazana kahalAtA hai| isameM nirdhArita kAlamaryAdA ke samApta hone para bhojana kI AkAMkSA banI rahatI hai| (kha) yAvajjIvana - jIvanabhara ke liye bhojana kA aura bhojana kI AkAMkSA kA tyAga kara denA, yAvajjIvana anazana kahalAtA hai| itvarika anazana ke saMkSepa meM cha: prakAra batAye gaye haiM - (1) zreNItapa, (2) prataratapa, (3) ghanatapa, (4) vargatapa, (5) vargavargatapa aura (6) prkiirnntp| viziSTa kAlamaryAdA ko lekara jo itvarika anazana tapa kiye jAte haiM, ve manuSya kI icchAnusAra bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke phala dene kI sAmarthya rakhate haiN| zArIrika sthiti ke AdhAra para mRtyuparyanta jo anazana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha do prakAra kA hai - (1) savicAra arthAt jisameM zArIrika gatividhiyA~ kI jA sakatI haiN| (2) avicAra" - jisameM halana-calana Adi zArIrika kriyAe~ nahIM kI jA sakatI haiN| sabhI tapoM meM anazana tapa ko isaliye prathama sthAna diyA jAtA hai ki yaha tapa atyadhika kaThora aura durdhara hotA hai| anazana tapa ke dvArA kSudhA para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai| aura saMsAra meM kSudhA para vijaya prApta karanA sarvAdhika kaThina kArya hai| kahA jAtA hai ki bhUkhA vyakti kauna-sA pApa nahIM karatA hai| isa kSudhA para niyantraNa karanA hI anazana tapa kI sAdhanA hai|| 2. UnodarI yA avamaudarya - UnodarI yaha tapa kA dUsarA prakAra hai| 'Una' kA artha nyUna yA kama hotA hai| udara (peTa) kI AvazyakatA se kama

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255 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva khAnA yA usake kucha bhAga ko khAlI rakhanA avamaudarya tapa kahA jAtA hai| ise avamaudarikA' athavA UnodarikA" bhI kahA jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM UnodarI tapa kA tAtparya AhAra ke parimANa meM kamI karanA athavA apekSita AhAra se kama AhAra grahaNa karanA hai| kaSAoM meM kamI karanA, UnodarI tapa kA bhAvapakSa hai| yaha eka prakAra se apanI kSudhA para niyantraNa karane kA prayAsa hai| UnodarI ke prakAra - Agama sAhitya meM UnodarI tapa ke eka apekSA se do prakAra aura anya apekSA se pA~ca prakAra kahe gaye haiN| UnodarI tapa ke dvividha vargIkaraNa meM dravya UnodarI aura bhAva UnodarI - ye do prakAra mAne gaye haiN| jabaki isa tapa ke pacavidha vargIkaraNa meM dravya UnodarI, kSetra UnodarI, kAla UnodarI, bhAva UnodarI evaM paryAya UnodarI - ye pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiN|" yahA~ inakA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta hai| 1. dravya UnodarI - dravya zabda vastu kA sUcaka hai| AvazyakatA kI apekSA AhAra ke parimANa ko kama karanA athavA vastrAdi ke parimANa ko kama karanA, dravya UnodarI tapa kahA jAtA hai| 2. kSetra UnodarI - bhikSAcaryA ke liye sImita kSetra kA nirdhAraNa karake, usa kSetra meM upalabdha bhikSA se hI apanI kSudhA zAnta karanA, kSetra UnodarI tapa hai| 3. kAla UnodarI - bhikSAcaryA ke liye eka samaya-maryAdA nizcita karake, usa samaya meM upalabdha bhikSA se hI apanI kSudhA ko zAnta karanA, kAla UnodarI tapa kahA jAtA hai| 4. bhAva UnodarI - bhikSA grahaNa karane ke liye viziSTa prakAra ke abhigraha karanA, bhAva UnodarI tapa hai| jaise - pati-patnI yugala rUpa se bhikSA ke liye nivedana kareMge, to hI bhikSA lU~gA aadi| 5. paryAya UnodarI - viziSTa prakAra se AcaraNa karanA, paryAya UnodarI tapa hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM UnodarI tapa ke tIna prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai - (1) upakaraNa UnodarI, (2) bhaktapAna UnodarI tathA (3) bhAva UnodarI / 1. upakaraNa UnodarI - saMyamI jIvana ke liye jo apekSita vastra pAtrAdi upakaraNa hote haiM, unameM kamI karanA upakaraNa UnodarI tapa hai| 2. bhaktapAna UnodarI - bhojana-pAnI Adi kI mAtrA ko sImita evaM alpa karanA, bhaktapAna UnodarI tapa kahA jAtA hai| zarIra ke liye apekSita AhAra grahaNa karanA hI svAsthya kA sAdhaka hotA hai| mAtrA se adhika AhAra grahaNa karanA, roga kA kAraNa hotA hai aura vaha zArIrika zakti ko bhI kSINa karatA hai| isalie khAna-pAna kI maryAdAe~ svIkAra karanA hI UnodarI tapa kA uddezya hai|

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256 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 3. bhAva UnodarI - bhAva arthAt mnovRtti| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kaSAya hamArI manovRtti ke hI aMga haiN| ina kaSAyoM ko kSINa karanA yA naSTa karanA, bhAva UnodarI tapa hai|6 bhAva UnodarI tapa dAtA aura grahItA kI apekSA se do prakAra kA hai| 3. vRttiparisaMkhyAna (bhikSAcaryA) - vividha vastuoM kI lAlasA ko kama karanA yA bhogAkAMkSA para aMkuza lagAnA vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa kahA jAtA hai| vRtti kA artha bhikSAvRtti bhI hai| bhikSAvRtti ke liye vividha prakAra kI maryAdAoM ko svIkAra karanA vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa hai| jaise - do yA tIna gharoM se hI bhikSA grahaNa karU~gA, athavA eka yA do bAra meM pAtra meM jo AhAra AyegA usI se saMtuSTa rhNgaa| yahI vRttiparisaMkhyAna jaina-paramparA meM bhikSAcaryA ko gocarI yA madhukarI bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaise - gAya ghAsa ko Upara-Upara se grahaNa karake apanI kSudhA tRpta kara letI hai aura jaise bhauMrA thor3A-thor3A Upara se rasa grahaNa karake kSudhA zAnta kara letA hai| usI prakAra muni bhI grahasthoM ke ghara se thor3I-thor3I bhikSA grahaNa karake apanI kSudhA kI nivRtti kara letA hai| vastutaH yaha dRSTikoNa na kevala jaina-paramparA kA hai, apitu bauddha tathA vaidika darzana meM bhI bhikSA-grahaNa karane kI yahI vidhi mAnI gayI hai| bhikSAvRtti ko vividha prakAra se maryAdita karanA hI vRttisaMkSepa tapa kahalAtA hai| bhikSAcaryA kA zAbdika artha yAcanA hai| yahA~ yaha zaMkA utpanna ho sakatI hai ki yAcanA aura tapa kA kyA saMbaMdha hai? kyA kevala yAcanA karane se hI koI kriyA tapa ho sakatI hai? nhiiN| yAcanA karane se tapa nahIM hotaa| apitu tapa tabhI hotA hai jaba niyamapUrvaka zAstra ke anusAra vastu kI yAcanA kI jAtI hai| dInatA se bhikhArI ke samAna bhIkha mA~ganA tapa nahIM hai, vaha to pApa hai| usa tapa ko bhikSAcarI tapa nahIM kahA jaataa| isa tapa kA anya nAma 'vRttisaMkSepa' bhI hai| Agama-sAhitya meM kahIM-kahIM goyaragra ,gocarAgra aura goyara zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jisakA artha hai, gAya ke samAna caranA yA bhikSATana krnaa|2 gAya jisa prakAra ghAsa ke acchI hone yA burI hone kA vicAra na karake, eka jagaha se dUsarI jagaha carate-carate jAtI hai, vaha kisI bhI prakAra kI ghAsa para Asakta na hote hue kevala utanI hI ghAsa khAtI hai jitanI peTa ke lie Avazyaka hai| isa pUrI prakriyA meM gAya ghAsa khAtI hai, parantu pUrI ghAsa eka sAtha nahIM khAtI, aura na mUla ke sAtha use ukhAr3atI hai| kevala thor3A-thor3A khAtI huI Age bar3hatI hai| jaMgala kI sArI hariyAlI naSTa nahIM krtii| usI prakAra sAdhaka bhI sarasa yA rasahIna AhAra kA vicAra na karate hue bhikSA ke lie jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki cAhe amIra kA ghara ho yA garIba kA, vaha sabhI gharoM se bhikSA grahaNa karatA

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257 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hai| vaha svAdiSTa AhAra milane para bhI anAsakta rahatA hai tathA ucca, madhyama aura nirdhana logoM ke gharoM se sama bhAva se thor3I-thor3I bhikSA grahaNa karatA hai|23 bhikSA ke bheda __bhikSA kA vargIkaraNa tIna prakAra se kiyA gayA hai - dInavRtti pauruSajI aura srvsNptkrii| daridra tathA saMkaTa se grasta vyakti dInatApUrvaka yAcanA karake peTa bharatA hai usakI bhikSA ko 'dInavRtti bhikSA' kahate haiN,| to hRSTa-puSTa hokara bhI hara samaya hAtha phailAte haiM, kamAI kI sAmarthya hone para bhI bhIkha mA~gate haiM, unakI bhikSA ko 'pauruSajI bhikSA' kahate haiN| jo tyAgI tathA saMtoSI vyakti apane udara-nirvAha ke lie gRhasthoM ke gharoM se thor3I-thor3I nirdoSa bhikSA grahaNa karatA hai, usa vyakti kI bhikSA 'sarvasaMpatkarI bhikSA' hai| isa bhikSA kI avasthA meM dene vAlA aura lene vAlA donoM hI sadgati ke adhikArI hote haiN|" yahI bhikSA vAstavika bhikSAcaryA-tapa hai| zramaNa kI madhukaravRtti : zramaNa ko madhUkara kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra bhramara phUloM para ghUmate samaya thor3A-thor3A madhu pIkara santuSTa ho jAtA hai, aura phUloM ko bhI kisI prakAra se hAni nahIM pahu~cane detA, usI prakAra muni bhojana ke lAlaca se rahita hokara, samabhAva se gRhasthoM ke ghara jAkara sahaja bhAva se banAye gaye bhojana (AhAra) meM se thor3A-thor3A grahaNa karate haiN| isase gRhastha ko koI takalIpha nahIM hotii|5 bhagavatIsUtra aura aupapAtika sUtra meM isa bhikSAcarI ke tIsa bhedoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM ina tIsa bhedoM ke atirikta do anya bhedoM kA bhI ullekha hai| saMkSapa meM - isa tapa se sAdhaka apanI icchAoM kA nigraha karatA hai, jo mila jAye usI meM saMtuSTa rahatA hai| sAtha hI mana ke anukUla AhAra na milane para bhI jo nIrasa AhAra mila jAye usI se santuSTa hokara Atma-sAdhanA ke mArga para nirdvandva bhAva se agrasara hotA hai| (4) rasa-parityAga : rasa-parityAga eka prakAra kA AsvAda-vrata hai| isameM svAda para vijaya prApta karane kI sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| ghI Adi se nirmita ati gariSTha AhAra zarIra meM zIghra hI mada (vikAra) utpanna karatA hai, jisase mana caMcala hotA hai, indriyA~ uttejita hotI haiM tathA saMyama ke baMdhana TUTate haiN| brahmacarya kI sAdhanA ke lie 'rasatyAga' AsvAda-vrata atIva Avazyaka hai| rasayukta bhojana to sAdhaka ke lie viSa ke samAna mAnA gayA hai| dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela, madhu, makkhana Adi vikArI rasoM kA tyAga karanA - 'rasaparityAga' kahalAtA hai| isa tapa se indriyoM tathA nidrA para vijaya prApta hotI hai| svAdhyAya Adi kI

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258 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva siddhi hotI hai| jitendriyatva, tejovRddhi aura saMyama-bAdhA-nivRtti Adi ke lie ghI, dahI, gur3a aura tela Adi kA tyAga karanA 'rasaparityAga' hai|6 (5) viviktazayyAsana (pratisaMlInatA) tapa : brahmacarya-pAlana, jIva-saMrakSaNa, dhyAnasiddhi tathA svAdhyAya Adi ke lie ekAnta jagaha rahanA, sonA yA Asana lagAnA 'viviktazayyAsana' kahalAtA hai|27 / vivikta-zayyAsana kA dUsarA nAma pratisaMlInatA bhI hai| AtmA meM lIna honA hI pratisaMlInatAtapa hai| para bhAvoM meM lIna AtmA ko svabhAva meM lIna karanA tathA indriya, kaSAya, mana, vacana aura kAya-yogoM ko bAhara se haTAkara AtmA meM lIna karanA 'pratisaMlInatA' hai| pratisaMlInatAtapa ke cAra bheda haiM - (1) indriya-pratisaMlInatA, (2) kaSAya-pratisaMlInatA, (3) yoga-pratisaMlInatA aura (4) viviktshynaasn-sevnaa| inakA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai(1) indriya-pratisaMlInatA : isameM ye vizeSatAe~ haiM - (ka) indriyoM ko viSaya se parAvRtta karanA aura (kha) sahaja rUpa se indriyoM se saMbaMdhita viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa rUpa vikalpa na rkhnaa| (2) kaSAya-pratisaMlInatA : kaSAya arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha - ina vikAroM ko na Ane denA aura Aye hue vikAroM ko dUra krnaa| (3) yoga-pratisaMlInatA : yoga ke tIna bheda haiM - (ka) manoyoga, (kha) vacanayoga aura (ga) kaayyog| mana, vacana evaM kAyA ko azubha pravRttiyoM se parAvRtta kara, zubha pravRttiyoM kI ora AkRSTa karanA- 'yoga-pratisaMlInatA' kahalAtA hai| (4) viviktazayanAsana-sevanA : brahmacarya kI sAdhanA karanA aura sAdhaka kA svAvalambana, kaSTasahiSNutA tathA nirbhayatA aura nirmamatva bhAva meM agrasara rhnaa| (6) kAyakleza : __ zarIra ko kaSTa denA, usakA damana karanA, indriyoM kA nigraha karanA - ina zabda-praNAliyoM ke pIche eka AdhyAtmika cintana hai| yaha bhAratIya adhyAtma-darzana kI pRSThabhUmi hai| samasta duHkha evaM kaSTa zarIra ko hote haiN| AtmA ko nahIM hote| kaSToM ke kAraNa zarIra ko hI pIr3A hotI hai| vadha karane se zarIra kA nAza hotA hai, parantu AtmA kA nAza nahIM hotA - natthi jIvassa nAsutti - uttarAdhyayanasUtra 2/27 / AtmA kA svarUpa jJAna, darzana aura cinmayarUpa hai| AtmA ko kabhI koI bhI zakti naSTa nahIM kara sakatI aura usakA kabhI nAza bhI nahIM ho sktaa| yahI AtmA kA svarUpa hai| kintu zarIra bhautika hai tathA nAzavAna hai|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva kAyakleza tapa kA vyAvahArika jIvana meM bhI bahuta mahattva hai / manuSya ko koI bhI mahAn kArya siddha karane ke lie kaSTa sahana karane par3ate haiN| kisI bhI acche kAma meM aneka saMkaTa Ate rahate haiN| 'zreyAMsi bahuvighnAni' / paraMtu ina saMkaToM ko pAra karane ke lie sAhasa aura sahiSNutA rUpI naukA kI AvazyakatA hai| sAtha hI Atma- bala aura manobala kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| / sukumAra aura komala loga sAdhanA nahIM kara sakate / sukumAratA kA tyAga kara zarIra ko AtApanA se tapAnA cAhie- 'AyAvayAhi caya sogamallaM' - dazavaikAlika 2/5 kAyakleza-tapa hamAre jIvana ko suvarNa ke samAna ujjvala banAtA 1 yadyapi sAdhu ko dRSTi meM rakhakara yA lakSya karake yaha tapa batAyA gayA hai / parantu sAmAnya manuSya bhI yaha tapa kara sakatA hai| Asana lagAkara dhyAna karanA, upavAsoM kA saMkalpa karanA, zarIra aura ziSya ke prati prema ko kama karanA, zarIra kI AdatoM ko maryAdita karanA, isa prakAra kI sampUrNa sAdhanA hI kAyakleza tapa kI ArAdhanA hai| 259 aneka prakAra ke pratimAyoga dhAraNa karanA, mauna rakhanA, AtApanA lenA, vRkSa ke nIce nivAsa karanA Adi se zarIra ko kaSTa denA bhI kAyakleza hai / vAstavika kAyakleza-tapa kA uddezya eka hI hai aura vaha hai zarIra ke prati AkarSaNa ko kama karanA arthAt zarIra ke moha ko chor3a denA / isa uddezya ko pUrNa karane ke lie jo sAdhana upayoga meM lAye jAte haiM, ve saba kAyakleza- tapa kahalAte haiM 26 anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, viviktazayyAsana aura kAyakleza - ye chaha bAhUya tapa haiM / ina tapoM kA sambandha bAhUya vartana, udAharaNArtha khAnA-pInA Adi zArIrika kriyAoM se hai / yaha anya logoM kI dRSTi meM A sakatA hai| jaise upavAsa ke kAraNa zarIra kA kRza honA yA kAyakleza se zArIrika durbalatA AnA Adi / jisa prakAra agni saMcita tRNa Adi IMdhana ko bhasma karatI hai, usI taraha anazana Adi tapa arjita mithyAdarzana Adi karmoM kA dAha karate haiM aura deha tathA indriyoM kI viSaya-pravRtti ko rokakara deha Adi ko tapAte haiM, isalie inheM 'tapa' kahate haiN| isase indriya - nigraha sahaja hotA hai / Upara bAhUya-tapa ke jo chaha bheda batAe gaye haiM, unameM se pratyeka tapa kA phala saMgatyAga, zarIra - lAghava, indriya-vijaya, saMyama-rakSaNa aura karma - nirjarA hai / arthAt ina tapoM kA AcaraNa karane se zarIra kA moha ( Asakti ) dUra hotA hai, antarbAhya samasta parigraha chUTa jAte haiM tathA nirmamatva evaM nirahaMkArarUpatva kI siddhi hotI hai| aise tapa karane se zarIra ko laghutA prApta hotI hai, pratyeka kArya nirdoSa hotA hai, saMyama hotA hai aura karma kI nirjarA hotI hai / 3deg yahA~ taka bAhya tapa ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| aba abhyaMtara tapa - kA vivecana kiyA jAyegA /

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260 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jaina-dharma kI tapa-vidhi bAhya se aMtara kI ora pragati karatI hai| jaina-darzana meM tapoM kA krama isa prakAra yojanAbaddha hai ki sAdhaka hamezA apane tapazcaraNa meM Age kI ora pragati karatA jAtA hai| abhyantara tapa meM mana kI vizuddhi, saralatA aura ekAgratA kI vizeSa sAdhanA hotI hai| bAhya tapoM kI sAdhanA se sAdhaka apane zarIra ko jItatA hai aura zarIra kA saMzodhana karatA hai| bAhya tapa ke samAna hI abhyaMtara tapa ke bhI chaha sopAna haiN| unake nAma haiM - (1) prAyazcitta, (2) vinaya, (3) vaiyAvRtya, (4) svAdhyAya, (5) vyutsarga aura (6) dhyaan| ye tapa bAhya dravya kI apekSA nahIM rkhte| ye aMtaHkaraNa ke vyApAra se hote haiM isalie inheM abhyantara tapa kahate haiN|31 (7) prAyazcitta : dhAraNa kie hue vratoM meM pramAda ke kAraNa lage doSoM kI zuddhi karanA prAyazcitta tapa kahalAtA hai| jisase pApa kA nAza hotA hai athavA jo bahudhA citta kI vizaddhi karatA hai, use prAyazcitta kahate haiN| doSa-zuddhi ke lie ucita prAyazcitta lekara samyak prakAra se doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA 'prAyazcitta' tapa hai|32 rAjakIya niyamoM meM jisa prakAra aparAdha ke lie daNDa kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai, usI prakAra dhArmika niyamoM meM doSa ke lie prAyazcitta kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| prAyazcitta doSa kI vizuddhatA ke lie hotA hai| 'prAyazcitta' zabda do zabdoM se milakara banA hai - prAyaH aura citt| prAyaH kA artha hai - pApa aura citta kA artha hai - usa pApa kA vizodhana krnaa| arthAt pApa ko zuddha karane kI kriyA kA nAma hI 'prAyazcitta' hai|33 akalaMkadeva ke matAnusAra prAyaH zabda aparAdha ke lie upayoga meM lAyA jAtA hai aura citta kA artha zodhana hai| ataH jisa kriyA se aparAdha kI zuddhi hotI hai, vahI prAyazcitta hai| prAkRta bhASA meM prAyazcita ko pAyacchitta kahA jAtA hai| pAyacchitta zabda kI vyutpatti batAte hue AcArya kahate haiM . 'pAya arthAt pApa aura chitta arthAta chedana krnaa'| jo kriyA pApa kA chedana karatI hai, arthAt pApa ko dUra karatI hai, use 'pAyacchitta' kahate haiM ___ 'pAvaM chiMdai jamhA pAyacchittaM bhaNNai tenn'| paMcASaka, saTIka vivaraNa, 16/3 prAyazcitta zabda kI isa paribhASA se spaSTa hotA hai ki pApa yA doSa kI vizuddhi ke lie jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, unheM prAyazcitta kahA jAtA hai| manuSya pramAda meM anucita kArya karatA hai, doSoM kA sevana karatA hai, aneka aparAdha karatA hai, parantu jisakI AtmA jAgarUka rahatI hai vaha dharma adharma kA vicAra karatA hai| jisake mana meM, paraloka meM acchI gati prApta ho' aisI bhAvanA rahatI hai vaha usa

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261 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva anucita AcaraNa ke lie mana meM pazcAttApa karane lagatA hai| ye doSa kA~Te ke samAna usake hRdaya meM cubhate rahate haiN| aura jaldI se jaldI vaha una doSoM ko nikAla dene kA prayatna karatA hai| vaha svayaM ke lie prAyazcitta kI mA~ga karatA hai aura gurujana use ucita prAyazcitta batA dete haiM ki 'tU isa doSa kI vizuddhi ke lie isa prakAra ke tapa kA AcaraNa kr'| sArAMza meM yahI prAyazcitta kI prakriyA prAyazcitta tapa siddha karatA hai ki pratyeka AtmA apane doSoM kA prakSAlana kara sakatA hai| isake lie kahIM bhI jAne kI jarUrata nahIM hai| kevala hRdaya ko zuddha karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vaidika graMthoM meM pApa-mukti ke lie jahA~ Izvara ke caraNoM meM saba kucha arpita karane kI suvidhA hai, vahIM jaina-dharma meM hRdaya ko atIva sarala banAkara gurujanoM ke samakSa pApa ko prakaTa kara, usake lie tapa-sAdhanA karane kI vidhi hai| kyoMki kucha doSa kevala pazcAttApa se hI dUra ho sakate haiN| isI dRSTi se prAyazcitta ko tapa mAnakara usakA vistRta varNana jaina-zAstroM meM kiyA gayA hai aura mukti (mokSa) kA mArga batAyA gayA hai|5 (8) vinaya tapa : __ abhyantara tapa kA dUsarA bheda vinaya tapa hai| vinaya kA saMbaMdha hRdaya se hai| yaha Atmika guNa hai| jisakA hRdaya komala hai, vahI vinaya-tapa kA AcaraNa kara sakatA hai| vinaya eka pracalita zabda hai| isalie isakA artha batAne kI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotii| sAdhAraNatayA pratyeka vyakti samajhatA hai ki vinaya ke dvArA namratA aura ziSTAcAra kI zikSA dI jAtI hai, parantu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki vinaya zabda kA artha vyApaka hai| vinaya meM aneka prakAra kI bhAvanAoM kA mizraNa hai| AcAyoM ne vivecana evaM vyutpatti ke dvArA isake vibhinna gUr3ha athoM ko dhvanita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| 'vinaya' kA artha hai-mana tathA AtmA kA anushaasn| __vinayazIla vyakti pApa evaM asat AcaraNa se DaratA hai| 'vinIta' kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai- 'hirimaM paDisaMlINe suviNIeti vuccai' (uttarAdhyana 11/13) / jo lajjAzIla hai aura indriyoM kA damana karane vAlA hai, use suvinIta kahate haiN| daHzIla aura asadAcArI vyakti, sar3e hue kAnavAlI kutiyA kI taraha hara samaya tiraskRta aura apamAnita hotA hai| loga usase ghRNA karate haiN|36 isalie duHzIla ko bure pariNAma ko dhyAna meM rakhakara suzIla kA AcaraNa kAranA caahie| vinaya kI upAsanA karanI caahie| gurujanoM ke samakSa Asana para sthira hokara sabhyatApUrvaka baiThanA, unake upadezoM se krodhita na honA, kama bolanA, pUchane se pahale na bolanA, unheM prasanna karake vidyAbhyAsa meM tallIna rahanA - isI meM samasta zIla aura sadAcAra nihita hai, jo ki vinaya kA hI eka bhAga hai|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva 1 jisase ATha karmoM kA vinaya ( dUra honA) hotA hai, use vinaya kahate haiM I arthAt vinaya ATha karmoM ko dUra karatA hai aura usase cAra gatiyoM kA aMta karane vAle mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / isIlie sarvajJa bhagavAn ne use 'vinaya' kahA hai unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki karmoM kA nAza karane ko vinaya kahate haiM pravacana - sAroddhAra graMtha meM bhI isI prakAra kI vyAkhyA upalabdha hotI hai - 'vinayati klezakArakamaSTaprakAraM karma iti vinayaH' arthAt klezakAraka jo ATha karma haiM, unheM jo dUra karatA hai, vaha vinaya hai / 1 vinaya zabda tIna arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai 37 262 (1) anuzAsana, ( 2 ) Atma-saMyama tathA zIla (sadAcAra) tathA (3) namratA aura sadvyavahAra / jaina-darzana meM vinaya ko itanA vyApaka rUpa diyA gayA hai ki jIvana ke sAre kSetra vinaya se yukta haiN| saMpUrNa jIvana ko vinaya kI sugaMdha ne sugaMdhita kiyA gayA hai| vinaya ke aneka bheda - prabheda haiM / bhagavatIsUtra meM vinaya ke sAta bheda batAye gaye haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM- (1) jJAna - vinaya, (2) darzana - vinaya (3) cAritrya-vinaya, (4) mana- vinaya, (5) vacana - vinaya, (6) kAya-vinaya evaM (7) lokopacAra- vinaya / ina sAta vinaya-bhedoM kA artha isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai(1) jJAna - vinaya : jJAnI logoM ke sAtha vinayapUrNa vyahAra karanA / (2) darzana - vinaya : samyaktva kA Adara karanA aura samyak dRSTi rkhnaa| sAtha hI gurujanoM kA sammAna karanA tathA unakI sevA karanA / (3) cAritrya - vinaya : cAritryasaMpanna vyaktiyoM ke sAtha vinayapUrNa vyavahAra karanA / ( 4 ) mana- vinaya : mana para anuzAsana rakhanA / (5) vacana-vanaya : suMdara, saumya aura sarvajana - sukhakArI vacana bolanA / (6) kAya-vinaya * upayogapUrvaka calanA, rukanA, uThanA aura baiThanA arthAt yatnapUrvaka iMdriyoM kI halacala karanA / (7) lokopacAra - vinaya : ise 'lokavyahAra' bhI kahate haiN| satya, madhura aura priya bhASA bolanA / sAtha hI kisI ke bhI sAtha dveSapUrNa vyavahAra na karanA / 40 vinaya kA ukta svarUpa mukhyataH mana ke ahaMkAra aura durbhAva ko dUra karane ke lie batAyA gayA hai, kyoMki ahaMkAra mokSa prApti meM bAdhaka hotA hai / isalie vinaya kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / vinaya kA phala mokSa hai / AgamakAroM ne bhI udghoSita kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra vRkSa kA udgama mUla se hotA hai aura usakA antima phala rasa hotA hai, usI prakAra dharma rUpI vRkSa kA mUla vinaya hai aura usakA antima phala rasa arthAt mokSa hai evaM dhammassa viNao mUlaM paramo se mukkho - dazavaikAlika 6/2/2 / eka prAcIna AcArya ne vinaya kA jIvanavyApI prabhAva batAte hue kahA hai - ki jisa prakAra sugaMdha ke kAraNa candana kI mahimA hai, saumyatA ke kAraNa candramA

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 263 kA gaurava hai, madhuratA ke kAraNa amRta jagatpriya hai, usI prakAra vinaya ke kAraNa manuSya saMpUrNa vizva meM priya aura AdaraNIya hotA hai| jaina dharma meM vinaya kA upadeza Atma-vikAsa ke lie, jJAna-prApti ke lie aura gurujanoM kI sevA dvArA karma - nirjarA ke lie diyA gayA hai 1 isa dRSTi se vinaya tapa jIvana meM ihaloka aura paraloka ke liye lAbhakArI hai / vinaya se lokapriyatA aura Adara bar3hatA hai, sAtha hI AtmA sarala, zuddha aura nirmala banatA hai / " (6) vaiyAvRtya tapa : 1 yaha abhyantara tapa kA tIsarA bheda hai| manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai vaha samAja meM rahatA hai| use dUsare ke sahayoga kI apekSA hotI hai| sukha-duHkha ke samaya, saMkaTa ke samaya tathA roga grasta hone para use anya kisI ke sahayoga kI apekSA hotI hai| vastutaH prANimAtra meM paraspara upakAra kI bhAvanA hotI hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne jIva kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai - parasparopagrahaM jIvAnAm - tattvArthasUtra 5 / 21 jIva meM paraspara sahayoga aura upakAra karane kI vRtti hotI hai / bhagavadgItA meM bhI paraspara sahayoga ke saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai| - parasparaM bhAvayantaH zreyaH paramavApsyatha - bhagavadgItA 3/11 / paraspara upakAra kI yaha vRtti choTe-bar3e saba jIvoM meM milatI hai| udAharaNArtha- cIMTI, madhumakkhI, hAthI, hirana, gAya Adi pazu-pakSI samUha meM rahakara eka dUsare ko sahayoga dete haiM 1 manuSya to atyanta vikasita prANI hai| vaha dUsare kI sevA karatA hai aura karAtA hai| usameM sahayoga, sevA aura vaiyAvRtya kA ucca saMkalpa hotA hai| I jaina-darzana meM parasparopagraha kI bhAvanA para jora diyA gayA hai| vaiyAvRtya ke sevA, zuzrUSA, paryupAsanA, dhArmika vAtsalya Adi nAma haiM aura jIvana ke sAtha unakA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha jor3A gayA hai| eka-dUsare ke jIvana meM, dharma kI sAdhanA meM, Atma-vikAsa meM, sAtha hI jIvana meM aura jIvana-vikAsa meM sahayoga karanA hI vaiyAvRtya tapazcaraNa hai / 2 eka bAra gaNadhara gautama ne pUchA "bhagavan! Apane sevA vaiyAvRtya kA vizeSa mahattva batAyA hai, vaiyAvRtya karane kA bhI bahuta upadeza diyA hai, parantu vaiyAvRtya ke dvArA AtmA ko phala kI prApti kaise hotI hai?" - bhagavAn ne uttara diyA- " vaiyAvRtya karane se AtmA tIrthaMkara - nAma - gotra karma kA upArjana karatA hai| yahI vaiyAvRtya kA mahAn phala hai| usake AcaraNa se AtmA vizva ke sarvotkRSTa pada kI prApti kara sakatA hai / 43 jisa kisI ke pAsa Azraya nahIM hai use sahAyatA, sahayoga aura Azraya dene ke lie sadaiva tatpara rahane kI jarUrata hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai -

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264 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva asaMgihIya parijaNassa saMgiNhaNayAe abbhuTTyavvaM bhvi| rugNa avasthA meM tathA saMkaTa ke samaya manuSya becaina ho jAtA hai| usakA citta kSubdha aura vyAkula hotA hai| aisI avasthA meM vaha dharma se aura satkarma se bhraSTa bhI ho sakatA hai| apanI maryAdA ko chor3akara asaMyamI bana sakatA hai aura durAcAra meM pravRtta ho sakatA hai| isase patita hokara vaha vinAza ke mArga para jA sakatA hai| manuSya ko saMkaTa ke samaya aura duHkha ke samaya jo dhIraja ba~dhAtA hai, madada karatA hai, use Azraya detA hai aura use asaMyama tathA adhaHpatana se bacAtA hai, vaha usa para mahAn upakAra karatA hai| eka prakAra se use jIvana pradAna karatA hai aura usakI AtmA ko sacce sukha kI ora le jAtA hai| isa prakAra 'sevA' saMkaTa ke samaya manuSya ke dharma kI rakSA kara sakatI hai| vaiyAvRtya ke dasa bheda haiM - (4) (5) (1) Ayariya veyAvacce . AcAryoM kI sevA krnaa| (2) uvajjhAya veyAvacce - upAdhyAyoM kI sevA krnaa| thera veyAvacce - saba dRSTiyoM se zreSTha logoM kI sevaakrnaa| tavassi veyAvacce - tapasviyoM kI sevA krnaa| gilANa veyAvacce rogiyoM kI sevA krnaa| seha veyAvacce nava-dIkSita muniyoM kI sevA krnaa| kula veyAvacce - kula kI sevA krnaa| (8) gaNa veyAvacce - gaNa kI sevA krnaa| (E) saMgha veyAvacce . saMgha kI sevA krnaa| (10) sAhammiya veyAvacce - sahadhArmika kI sevA krnaa| ina dasa bhedoM meM sAdhu-jIvana se saMbaMdhita samasta samUha A gayA hai| ina dasa sAdhakoM kI sevA karanA, unakI paricaryA karanA aura unheM sukha-zAnti prApta ho aisA AcaraNa karanA hI vaiyAvRtya hai| sevA yA vaiyAvRtya vAstava meM parama dharma, sarvottama tapa aura mokSa-mArga kA utkRSTa sopAna hai| (10) svAdhyAya tapa : yaha abhyantara tapa kA cauthA bheda hai| pUrva meM batAyA hai ki tapa kA uddezya kevala zarIra ko kSINa karanA hI nahIM hai, apitu tapa kA mUla uddezya haiantararvikAra ko kSINa karake mana ko nirmala evaM sthira banAnA aura AtmA kA svarUpa prakaTa karanA / mAnasika zuddhi ke lie tapa ke vividha svarUpoM kA varNana jaina-zAstroM meM kiyA gayA hai| unameM svAdhyAya aura dhyAna ye do tapa pramukha haiN| svAdhyAya mana ko zuddha karane kI prakriyA hai aura dhyAna mana ko sthira karane kii| zuddha mana hI sthira

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265 jaina darzana ke nava tattva ho sakatA hai, isaliye pahale manaH zuddhi kaise kI jAya, kina-kina sAdhanoM se aura kina-kina prakriyAoM se mana ko nirmala va nirdoSa banAyA jAya, isakA vicAra karanA cAhiye / 'suSThu A maryAdayA adhIyate iti svAdhyAya: yaha vyAkhyA AcArya abhayadeva ne sthAnAMga TIkA ( 5 / 3 / 465) meM kI hai / sat zAstra kA maryAdApUrvaka vAcana karanA tathA acche graMthoM kA ThIka prakAra se adhyayana karanA hI 'svAdhyAya' hai / Alasya kA tyAga kara jJAna adhyayana meM lIna honA athavA vividha prakAra kA abhyAsa karanA bhI svAdhyAya hai / svAdhyAya ke kAraNa jJAna kA pratibimba hRdaya para par3atA hai| jisa prakAra dIvAra ko bAra-bAra ghisane para vaha camakane lagatI hai aura dIvAra ke sAmane jo vastu AtI hai, usakA pratibimba dIvAra para dikhAI dene lagatA hai / usI prakAra svAdhyAya ke kAraNa mana itanA nirmala aura pAradarzaka banatA hai ki zAstra kA rahasya usameM pratibimbita hone lagatA hai / isalie svAdhyAya eka abhUtapUrva tapa hai| 'svAdhyAya' zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue vidvAnoM ne kahA hai 'svasya svasmin adhyAyaH adhyayanaM svAdhyAyaH / svayaM adhyayana karanA arthAt Atmacintana-ma - manana karanA hI svAdhyAya kahalAtA hai / svAdhyAya kA mahattva :- jisa prakAra zarIra ke vikAsa ke lie vyAyAma aura bhojana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra buddhi ke vikAsa ke lie svAdhyAya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / svAdhyAya kA jIvana meM kitanA mahattva hai ise mAnava anubhava se hI samajha sakatA hai| manuSya ke vikAsa ke lie satsaMgati kI bar3I mahimA batAyI jAtI hai parantu sat zAstra kA mahattva satsaMgati se bhI adhika hai| satsaMgati hara bAra nahIM mila sktii| sAdhujanoM kA paricaya aura sahavAsa kahIM milatA hai aura kahIM nahIM milatA lekina sat zAstra hara samaya manuSya ke sAtha rahatA hai| a~grejI kA prasiddha vidvAn Tapara kahatA hai 'Books are our best friends' arthAt graMtha hamAre sarvazreSTha mitra haiM | - eka vivecaka ne kahA hai - ' grantha jJAnI logoM kI jIvanta samAdhi haiN'| kucha granthoM meM RSabhadeva, ariSTanemi aura mahAvIra haiM, to kucha granthoM meM rAma, kRSNa, yudhiSThira, vAlmIki, sUradAsa, tulasIdAsa aura kabIra Adi haiN| jaba hama grantha kholate haiM, taba lagatA hai ki mahApuruSa mAno uThakara hamAre sAtha bolane lagate haiM aura hamArA mArgadarzana karate haiM / manuSya ko sarvaprathama roTI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vaha jIvana detI hai 1 parantu sat zAstra kI, usase bhI adhika AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki sat zAstra jIvana kI kalA sikhAtA hai / isa saMdarbha meM lokamAnya tilaka ne kahA hai 'maiM naraka meM

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266 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bhI una sat zAstroM kA svAgata karU~gA, kyoMki sat-zAstra eka adbhuta zakti hai| vaha jahA~ hogI vahA~ apane Apa hI svarga bana jAyegA, isalie sat zAstra kA adhyayana jIvana meM atyaMta Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sat zAstra ko 'tIsarA netra' ('zAstraM tRtIyaM locanam') kahA gayA hai| 'sarvasya locanaM zAstraM' aisA bhI eka ullekha milatA hai| vyAvahArika jIvana meM sat zAstra ke adhyayana kA yaha mahattva hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se zAstra-svAdhyAya kA isase bhI adhika mahattva hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane antima upadeza meM kahA hai - svAdhyAya ke sAtatya se samasta duHkhoM se mukti milatI hai'|" aneka janmoM meM saMcita aneka prakAra ke karma svAdhyAya se kSINa hote haiM - bahumave saMciyaM khalu sajjhAeNa khaNe khavai' (caMdraprajJapti 61) / svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNIya karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| svAdhyAya eka bar3I tapazcaryA hai isalie AcAryoM ne kahA hai - 'na vi atthi na vi a hohI sajjhAya samaM tvokmm|' - bRhatakalpabhASya 1166 aura candraprajJaptisUtra 86 / vaidika granthoM meM bhI, jaina-darzana ke samAna, svAdhyAya ko tapa mAnA gayA hai| 'tapo hi svAdhyAyaH' (taittirIya AraNyaka 2/14) svAdhyAya svayaM hI eka tapa hai / 'svAdhyAyAn mA pramadaH' (taittirIyopaniSad 1/11/1) arthAt svAdhyAya se kabhI pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| yogadarzanakAra patajali ne kahA hai - 'svAdhyAyAdiSTadevatAsaMprayogaH' arthAt svAdhyAya se iSTa deva kA sAkSAtkAra hone lagatA hai| jaina-Agama meM svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiN| jaina-zAstra meM kevala zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya nahIM, varan usa para vicAra karanA, ciMtana karanA bhI svAdhyAya hai| svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda haiM - (1) vAcanA, (2) pRcchanA, (3) parivartanA, (4) anuprekSA aura (5) dhrmkthaa| inakA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA gayA (1) vAcanA - sadgranthoM kA vAcana karanA aura dUsaroM ko sikhaanaa| (2) pRcchanA - mana meM zaMkA utpanna hone para gurujanoM se pUchanA aura jJAna ko bddh'aanaa| pRcchanA kA artha hai - jijJAsA aura jijJAsA hI jJAna kI kurajI (3) parivartanA - jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai usakI AvRtti karate rhnaa| isase jJAna meM sthiratA AtI hai aura jJAna dRr3ha banatA hai| (4) dharma-anuprekSA - tattva ke artha aura rahasya para vistArapUrvaka aura gaharAI meM jAkara cintana krnaa| (5) dharmakathA - dharmopadeza svayaM sunanA aura loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se dUsaroM ko dharma kA upadeza denaa| isa prakAra svAdhyAya ke pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiM, aura inake bhI aneka upabheda jainazAstroM (bhagavatI, ThANAMga Adi) meM kahe gaye haiN| inake AdhAra para

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267 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sAdhaka ko apanA jIvana jyAdA se jyAdA svAdhyAya-tapa meM lagAkara zAstra kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie aura jJAna kI upAsanA kara usake divya prakAza se jIvana ko ujjvala banAnA caahie| (11) vyutsarga-tapa : abhyantara tapa kA yaha pA~cavAM bheda hai| vyutsarga zabda 'vi' aura 'utsarga' ina do padoM se milakara banA hai| 'vi' kA artha hai - viziSTa aura utsarga kA artha hai - tyaag| viziSTa tyAga arthAt tyAga karane kI viziSTa paddhati hI 'vyutsarga' hai| AzA aura mamatva jIvana ke bar3e baMdhana haiN| ye baMdhana cAhe sampatti ke hoM, parivAra ke hoM, ziSyoM ke hoM, bhojana-rasa ke hoM yA svayaM ke zarIra ke hoM, haiM to baMdhana yA moha hii| jaba taka ye bandhana nahIM chUTate taba taka mukti nahIM mila sktii| vyatsarga-tapa meM ina samasta padArthoM kA aura moha kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| zarIra aura prANoM kI bhI paravAha nahIM kI jaatii| sadA-sarvakAla nirmamatva bhAva AtmA ko balidAna ke lie taiyAra rakhatA hai| digambara AcArya akalaMka ne vyutsarga kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai . niHsaMgatA, anAsakti, nirbhayatA aura jIvana kI lAlasA kA tyAga vyutsarga ke AdhAra haiN| dharma ke lie tathA Atma-sAdhanA ke lie svayaM kA utsarga karane kI paddhati hI 'vyutsarga' hai| . isa tapa kA ArAdhaka itanA moharahita ho jAtA hai ki use apane zarIra kA bhI bhAna nahIM rahatA, isalie vyutsarga ko kahIM-kahIM 'kAyotsarga' bhI kahA gayA sAdhaka vyutsarga-tapa meM pASANa kI pratimA ke samAna sthira hokara daMzamazaka Adi parISaha Ane para bhI aura duSTa logoM ke dvArA prahAra kiye jAne para bhI nirAkula bhAva se Atmastha rahatA hai aura sAdhanA meM dRr3hatA ke bar3hane se, parama sahiSNutA prApta karatA hai| ahaMbhAva, parigraha aura mamatva-bhAva ke tyAga ko 'vyutsarga-tapa' kahate haiN| vyutsarga kA artha hai - chor3a denA yA tyAga denaa| bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga 'bAhya upAdhi' vyutsarga hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, mithyAtva, hAsya, rati, arati, bhaya, jugupsA Adi abhyantara doSoM kI nivRtti 'abhyantara upAdhi' vyutsarga hai| ____ 'Avazyakaniyukti' meM vyutsarga ke mahattva para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki vyutsarga mokSapathadarzaka hai| vyutsarga pAralaukika phalasiddhi aura svarga hai| kAyotsarga pada meM kAya kA artha hai zarIra aura utsarga kA artha hai prityaag| isameM kucha samaya ke lie zArIrika halacaloM kA tyAga karake mAnasika cintana kiyA jAtA hai| jaina-sAdhanA meM isa tapa ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai aura use Atmazuddhi ke pratyeka anuSThAna ke prArambha meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai|

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268 jaina darzana ke nava tattva mAnasika cintana cAhe kisI pratijJA ke rUpa meM ho yA saMbhAvita doSoM kI pratyAlocanA ke rUpa meM ho, yaha sAdhanA ko hRdaya taka pahu~cAtA hai / " vyutsarga- tapa ke do bheda haiM (1) dravya - vyutsarga aura (2) bhAva - vyutsrg| dravya - vyutsarga ke cAra upabheda haiM - (1) gaNa-vyutsarga, (2) zarIra - vyutsarga, (3) upadhi - vyutsarga evaM (4) bhuktapAna - vyutsarga | bhAva - vyutsarga ke tIna prakAra haiM- (1) kaSAya- - vyutsarga, (2) saMsAra - vyutsarga aura (3) karma - vyutsrg| " dravya - vyutsarga ke cAra prakAroM kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai (1) gaNa- vyutsarga- gaNa (samUha) kA tyAga karanA / zrutajJAna aura cAritrya kI vizeSa ArAdhanA ke lie gaNa kA tyAga kara anya gaNa meM jAnA athavA ekAkI rahanA / ( 2 ) zarIra - vyutsarga- zarIra kA tyAga karanA / isI kA dUsarA nAma kAyotsarga hai / kAyotsarga kA mukhya uddezya doSa kI vizuddhi karanA hai| isa avasthA meM 'annaM imaM sarIraM anno jIvutti' arthAt zarIra anya tathA jIvAtmA anya hai aisA anubhava honA cAhie / (3) upadhi-vyutsarga - saMyama - sAdhanA meM maryAdApUrvaka rakhe hue vastra, pAtra Adi kA tyAga karate jAnA aura aMta meM acela avasthA ko prApta karanA / (4) bhuktapAna- vyutsarga khAne-pIne kA tyAga karanA / dhIre-dhIre unakA tyAga karate-karate ThIka samaya para saba khAne-pIne kA tyAga karanA bhuktapAna-vyutsarga kI sAdhanA hai I - bhAva - vyutsarga ke tIna prakAroM kA sSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai. (ka) kaSAya- vyutsarga isakA artha hai krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina kaSAyoM ko kSINa karanA aura anta meM samasta kaSAyoM kA kSaya karanA / (kha) saMsAra - vyutsarga isakA artha hai naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ina gatiyoM kA tyAga karanA / arthAt ina cAra gatiyoM ke jo solaha kAraNa haiM, unakA bhI tyAga karanA 'saMsAra - vyutsarga' hai / ina cAra gatiyoM ke kAraNa hI saMsAra meM paribhramaNa hotA rahatA hai, isalie unakA tyAga batAyA gayA hai| (ga) karma - vyutsarga karmoM kA tyAga karanA / ( 1 ) jJAnAvaraNa, ( 2 ) darzanAvaraNa, (3) vedanIya, (4) mohanIya, (5) AyuSya, (6) nAma, (7) gotra aura (8) antarAya ina ATha karmoM ko naSTa karane ke aneka upAya zAstroM meM batAye gaye haiN| una upAyoM ko AcaraNa meM lAne para karma-vyutsarga kI sAdhanA hotI hai / 2 - - isa prakAra dravya - vyutsarga aura bhAva vyutsarga kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / sAdhaka prathamataH dravya - vyutsarga kI sAdhanA karatA hai| AhAra, vastra, pAtra Adi kA mamatva kama karatA jAtA hai / bAda meM zarIra para hone vAle moha ko kama

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269 jaina darzana ke nava tattva karatA hai tathA dhyAna, samAdhi Adi meM lIna hokara zarIra kA tyAga karane ke lie taiyAra hotA hai / vyutsarga- tapa meM saba se pradhAna tapa kAyotsarga hai / zAstroM meM bhI kAyotsarga ko hI vyutsarga kahA gayA hai| jo sAdhaka kAyotsarga meM siddha ho jAtA hai, vaha saMpUrNa vyutsarga- tapa meM siddha ho jAtA hai, aisA samajhanA cAhie / (12) dhyAna- tapa : abhyantara tapa kA yaha chaThA atyaMta mahattvapUrNa bheda hai / mana ko eka viSaya para ekAgra karanA arthAt kendrita karanA 'dhyAna' hai / vaha gatizIla hai / mana kabhI zubha vicAra karatA hai, to kabhI azubha vicAra karatA hai| mana ke isa prakAra ke pravAha ko azubha vicAroM se parAvRtta karake, zubha vicAra para kendrita karanA 'dhyAna' kahalAtA hai| dhyAna se Atmabala bar3hatA hai aura mana samAdhistha hotA hai / citta - vikSepa kA tyAga karake Atma-svarUpa meM lIna honA 'dhyAna' kahalAtA hai / dhyAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA, bhI 'dhyAna' hai| dhyAna ke cAra prakAra haiM (1) ArtadhyAna, (2) raudradhyAna, (3) dharmadhyAna aura ( 4 ) zukladhyAna / anAtmAbhimukha ekAgratA Arta aura raudra dhyAna hai aura AtmAbhimukha ekAgratA dharmadhyAna tathA zukladhyAna hai| Arta aura raudra dhyAna saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM isalie ve heya ( tyAjya ) haiM kintu dharma aura zukla dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa haiM isalie ve upAdeya (grAhya) haiM / 3 jo koI siddha hue haiM, siddha ho rahe haiM aura siddha hoMge, unakI siddhi kA kAraNa zubha dhyAna hI hai / 4 mana kI ekAgra avasthA dhyAna hai| vicArakoM ne mana ke nimnAMkita bheda batAye haiM- (1) vikSipta mana, (2) yAtAyAta mana, (3) zliSTa mana aura (4) sulIna mana / (1) vikSipta mana kucha logoM kA mana pAgaloM ke samAna yahA~-vahA~ bhaTakatA rahatA hai, use vikSipta mana kahate haiM / - (2) yAtAyAta mana - kucha logoM kA mana viSaya kI Asakti ke kAraNa, yahA~-vahA~, daur3ate samaya kabhI sthira hotA hai, to kabhI caMcala hotA hai / use 'yAtAyAta mana' kahate haiM / (3) zliSTa mana viSaya se parAvRtta hokara mana kabhI-kabhI thor3A sthira ho bhI jAtA hai, parantu usameM zAnti nahIM hotI / yaha 'zliSTa mana' hai / - (4) sulIna mana- jo mana paramAtmA kI bhakti meM, Atma-cintana meM aura sat zAstroM ke sAdhyAya - manana meM nirmala aura sthira banatA hai, vaha 'sulIna mana' hai / aisA mana hI vAstava meM dhyAna kA adhikArI bana sakatA hai 1

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270 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ____ AcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai - 'apane viSaya (dhyeya) meM mana kA ekAgra honA dhyAna hai' 55 . AcArya bhadrabAhu ne bhI kahA hai - 'cittassegaggayA havai jhANaM' (Avazyakaniyukti, 1456) / citta ko kisI bhI viSaya para sthira karanA arthAt ekAgra karanA 'dhyAna' hai| mana jahA~, jisa viSaya meM lagA huA hai, vahA~ vaha jaba taka sthira rahatA hai, taba taka usa viSaya kA dhyAna hotA hai| isalie 'dhyAna' kA prathama artha hai - 'mana kA eka viSaya meM sthira rhnaa'| AcArya siddhasena ne dhyAna kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai - 'zubhaikapratyayo dhyAnam' (dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA 18/11) arthAt zubha aura pavitra AlaMbana (avayava) para mana kA ekAgra honA 'dhyAna' hai| AcAryoM ne dhyAna ke do bheda kiye haiM - (1) zubha dhyAna aura (2) azubha dhyaan|| jisa prakAra gAya kA dUdha aura 'thUhara' (eka viSailI vanaspati) kA dUdha - donoM dUdha hI haiM, aura unheM dUdha kahA bhI jAtA hai, parantu donoM meM mahAna bheda hai| eka amRta hai to dUsarA viSa hai| gAya kA amRtamaya dUdha manuSya ke jIvana ko zakti detA hai| lekina thUhara kA viSamaya dUdha manuSya ko mAra DAlatA hai| isI taraha dhyAna-dhyAna meM bhI antara hai| eka zubha dhyAna hai, to dUsarA azubha dhyaan| zubha dhyAna mokSa kA hetu hai, to azubha dhyAna naraka kA hetu hai| cittarUpI nadI kI do dhArAe~ haiM - cittanAma nadI ubhayato vAhinI, vahati kalyANAya pApAya ca arthAt cittarUpI nadI donoM ora se bahatI hai, kabhI kalyANa ke mArga se aura kabhI pApa ke mArga se| citta kI isI ubhayamukhI gati ke kAraNa dhyAna ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM - (1) zubhaprazasta dhyAna aura (2) azubhaprazasta dhyaan| zubha dhyAna do prakAra kA hai aura azubha dhyAna bhI do prakAra kA hai| isa prakAra dhyAna ke kula milAkara cAra bheda hote haiN| ve haiM - (1) ArtadhyAna, (2) raudra dhyAna, (3) dharma dhyAna aura (4) zukla dhyaan|6 (1) Arta dhyAna - Arta dhyAna azubha mAnA gayA hai| duHkha, pIr3A, cintA, zoka Adi se saMbaMdhita bhAvanA 'Arta' hai| jaba bhAvanA meM dInatA, mana meM udAsInatA, nirAzA aura roga Adi ke kAraNa vyAkulatA; apriya vastuoM ke yoga se Ananda, tathA priya vastuoM ke viyoga se duHkha Adi saMkalpa mana meM hote haiM; taba mana kI sthiti bar3I dayanIya aura azubha hotI hai| isa prakAra ke vicAra jaba mana meM jamA hote haiM aura mana cintA tathA zokarUpI sAgara meM DUba jAtA hai, taba vaha ArtadhyAna kI koTi meM pahu~catA hai| aise vicAra aneka kAraNoM se utpanna hote haiN| una kAraNoM kA vargIkaraNa karate samaya Arta dhyAna ke cAra kAraNa aura cAra lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| Arta-dhyAna ke cAra kAraNa : (1) amaNNunna saMpaoga - apriya bAtoM se saMbaMdha hone para una bAtoM kA saMbaMdha ___chUTa jAne kI cintaa| Jain Edfication International

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271 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (2) maNunna saMpaoga - priya vastuoM ke viyoga se utpanna hone vAlI cintaa| (3) AyaMka saMpaoga - roga evaM vyAdhi ke kAraNa utpanna cintaa| (4) parijusiya kAma-bhoga saMpaoga - kAma, bhoga Adi sukha ke sAdhana surakSita rakhane kI cintaa| ___ Upara ke cAra bhedoM ko anukrama se amanojJa saMprayoga, manojJa saMprayoga, AtaMka saMprayoga, prApta kAma-bhoga saMprayoga bhI kahA gayA hai| Arta-dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa :(1) kraMdanatA - ronA, vilApa karanA tathA cillAnA hI krandanatA hai| (2) zocanatA - zoka karanA tathA cintA karanA hI zocanatA hai| (3) tippaNatA - A~sU bahAnA hI tippaNatA hai| (4) paridevanA - hRdaya para AghAta hogA, aisA zoka krnaa| ___atIva udAsInatA, vyAkulatA aura duHkha se pIr3ita hokara sira, chAtI Adi pITanA hI paridevanA hai| ye cAra lakSaNa mana kI duHkhita aura vyathita dazA ke sUcaka haiN| ina lakSaNoM se yaha pahacAnA jA sakatA hai ki kauna vyakti du:khI, Arta aura cintAgrasta rAnI zrIdevI ke udAharaNa se Arta dhyAna kI kalpanA ko suspaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / samrATa cakravartI kI rAnI. zrIdevI cakravartI kI mRtyu ke bAda chaha mahIne taka lagAtAra rotI hai aura zoka karatI hai| aura antataH Arta dhyAna ke prabhAva se, marakara chaThe naraka meM jAtI haiN| (2) raudra dhyAna - Arta dhyAna meM dInatA, hInatA aura zoka kI prabalatA hotI hai| raudra dhyAna meM krUratA aura hiMsaka bhAva mukhya rUpa se hotA hai| Arta dhyAna bahuta AtmaghAtI hotA hai| raudradhyAna AtmaghAta ke sAtha parAghAta bhI karatA hai duHkhI vyakti jaba apanA duHkha dUra hote nahIM dekhatA aura dUsaroM se sahAnubhUti aura sahayoga ke viparIta use apamAna aura tiraskAra milatA hai, taba vaha vyakti prAyaH AkrAmaka aura asahAya ho jAtA hai| parAbhUta manuSya kisI bhI mArga ke dvArA apanA krodha prakaTa karatA hai| usake krodha meM dInatA ke sthAna para krUratA aura hiMsaka AkramaNa kI bhAvanAe~ bhar3aka uThatI haiN| yaha AkrAmaka bhAvanA jaba taka bhAvanA ke rUpa rahatI hai arthAt cintana meM rahatI hai taba taka vaha 'raudra dhyAna' hotI hai| aura jaba yaha AkrAmaka bhAvanA AcaraNa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / taba vaha vyakti ko raudra AcaraNa karAne vAlI banAtI hai| raudra dhyAna ke cAra kAraNa aura cAra lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| raudra dhyAna ke cAra kAraNa :(1) hisANubaMdhI (hisAnubaMdhI) - kisI ko pITane satAne yA usake saMbaMdha meM kAranAme karane saMbaMdhI vicAra karate rahanA hI hisANubaMdhI kAraNa hai|

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272 jaina darzana ke nava tattva (2) mosANubaMdhI (mRSAnubaMdhI) - dUsare ko pha~sAne tathA vizvAsaghAta karane ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate rahanA mosANubaMdhI kAraNa hai / (3) teyANubaMdhI ( steyAnubaMdhI ) - corI, lUTapATa Adi ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate rahanA teyANubaMdhI kAraNa hai / daulata, (4) sArakkhaNANubaMdhI ( saMrakSaNAnubaMdhI) - dhana, adhikAra, pratiSThA, bhoga-vilAsa ke sAdhana Adi ke rakSaNa ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate rahanA sArakkhaNANubaMdhI kAraNa hai| raudra dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa : Adi pApa karmoM kA atyaMta (1) osannadose-hiMsAcAra, asatya bhASaNa AsaktipUrvaka vicAra karanA / (2) bahuladose - bhinna bhinna prakAra ke pApI tathA duSTa vicAroM meM magna rahanA / (3) aNNANadose- hiMsA Adi adharma ke kAryoM meM dharmabuddhi rakhakara ajJAna meM Asakti rakhanA / (4) AmaraNAMtadose- svayaM ke pApAcaraNa ke lie pazcAttApa na karake mRtyuparyanta krUratA aura dveSa se bharA honA / 56 raudra dhyAna se yukta vyakti dUsare ko takalIpha aura pIr3A dene meM magna rahatA hai / parantu Arta dhyAna se yukta vyakti apanI agni se apanA hI ghara jalAtA hai / isI taraha raudra-dhyAnayukta vyakti apanA ghara to jalAtA hI hai, dUsare ke ghara ko jalAkara bhI prasanna hotA hai / mRtyu ke bAda ina donoM dhyAnoM se naraka aura tiryaMca gati milatI haiN| raudra aura Arta dhyAna ko kevala isIlie dhyAna kahA gayA hai kyoMki inameM cintana kI ekAgratA hotI hai| isa cintana ke azubha aura patanakAraka hone para bhI isameM ekAgratA hotI hai| Arta aura raudra dhyAna ke saMdarbha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai- 'aTTa rUdANi vajjitA jhAejjA susamAhie / dhamma sukkAiM jhANAiM jhANaM taM tu buhA vae / / ( dazavaikAlika, a0 1, vRtti) / samAdhi aura zAMti kI kAmanA karane vAle ko, Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA tyAga karake, dharma aura zukla dhyAna kA cintana karanA caahie| ye donoM hI 'dhyAnatapa' haiM / 1 sArAMza yaha hai ki dhyAna cAra prakAra kA hone para bhI, cAroM dhyAna tapa nahIM haiM / dhyApatapa kI koTi meM to kevala do hI dhyAna Ate haiM dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyA 1 jaina - zAstroM meM raudra dhyAna ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka tandula matsya kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| tandula matsya eka choTe se cAvala ke dAne ke barAbara hotA hai / parantu vaha paMcendriya aura mana se yukta hotA hai| vaha magaramaccha kI bhauM para baiThA rahatA hai| sAgara meM aneka machaliyA~ usa magaramaccha ke najadIka se

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273 jaina darzana ke nava tattva 1 AtI-jAtI haiM, parantu magaramaccha unheM nahIM khAtA hai / taba usa taMdulamatsya ko lagatA hai ki yaha magaramaccha bar3A AlasI tathA bephikra hai / yaha saba machaliyoM ko nahIM khAtA hai, aura vaise hI jAne detA hai / agara mujhe itanA bar3A zarIra prApta ho jAye to maiM eka bhI machalI ko nahIM jAne dU~gA, sabhI machaliyoM ko khA jAU~gA / vastutaH tandulamatsya eka bhI machalI ko nahIM khA sakatA, khUna kI eka bU~da bhI nahIM girA sakatA / parantu krUra bhAva, raudra pariNAma aura raudra dhyAna ke kAraNa vaha tandulamatsya marakara sAtaveM naraka meM jAtA hai / tathA vahA~ ananta vedanAe~ bhogatA hai| yaha hai - raudra dhyAna kA duSpariNAma / 60 (3) dharma dhyAna - AtmA ko pavitra banAne vAlA tattva dharma hai jisa AcaraNa se AtmA vizuddha hotA hai, use dharma kahA gayA hai| una dhArmika vicAroM meM aura Atmazuddhi ke sAdhanoM meM mana ko ekAgra karanA tathA pavitra vicAroM meM mana ko sthira karanA hI dharma dhyAna hai| vastutaH dharma- dhyAna aura zukla-dhyAna Atma-dhyAna haiM / SaTkhaNDAgama meM kahA gayA hai- dharma aura zukla dhyAna 'Atma dhyAna' hai / ye hI parama tapa haiN| zeSa samasta tapa dhyAna ke sAdhana mAtra haiM I dharma dhyAna kI dRr3hatA ke lie Ananda zramaNopAsaka ke samAna hI arhannaka zrAvaka kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai / arhannaka zrAvaka bar3A hI dhArmika thA / eka devatA ne use dharma dhyAna se vicalita karane kA prayatna kiyA, parantu usane dharma dhyAna kA tyAga nahIM kiyaa| devatA ne arhannaka zrAvaka ke mitra-parivAra ko bhI vicalita karane kI koziza kI, parantu vaha saphala nahIM huA / arhannaka ne apane mitra-parivAra ko upadeza dekara dharma dhyAna kI unakI niSThA ko bhI dRr3ha kiyA / antataH hAra mAnakara aura arhannaka ke samakSa natamastaka hokara devatA ko nikala jAnA pdd'aa| Agama meM dharma dhyAna ke cAra bheda batAye gaye haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM (1) AjJAvicaya - 'vicaya' kA artha hai nirNaya yA vicAra / AjJA ke saMbaMdha meM cintana karanA 'AjJAvicaya' hai| prazna uThatA hai ki 'AjJA kisakI ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki jo hamArA zraddheya aura paramapUjya ho, usIkI AjJA mAnI jAtI hai / sAtha hI jo svAmI aura vItarAga ho, usI kI AjJA mAnanA vAstavika dharma hai| kyoMki 'ANAe mAmagaM dhammaM ' ( AcArAMga 6 / 2 ) / sambodhasattari (32) meM kahA gayA hai ki AjJA meM tapa aura saMyama hai- 'ANA tavo ANAi sNjmo'| (2) apAyavicaya- 'apAya' kA artha hai doSa yA durguNa / AtmA meM anAdi kAla se mithyAtva, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ( azubha yoga ) ye pA~ca supta doSa haiM / ina doSoM ke kAraNa hI AtmA janma-maraNa ke cakra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai isIlie use duHkha, vedanAe~ aura kaSTa bhogane par3ate haiM / ina doSoM ke svarUpa kA vicAra karanA inase mukti kaise mila sakatI hai, kisa prakAra inheM kama kiyA jA sakatA - -

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274 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hai, sAtha hI kina aura kaise sAdhanoM se ina doSoM kI zuddhi ho sakatI hai, ina viSayoM para cintana karanA hI 'apAyavicaya' hai| 'apAyavicaya' dharma-dhyAna kA dUsarA bheda hai| (3) vipAka-vicaya- Asakti, ajJAna aura mohavaza karma jaba vipAka avasthA meM Ate (phala dete) haiM taba unake bhoga atyaMta kaSTaprada lagate haiM - 'jaM se puNo hoi duhaM vivAge' (uttarAdhyayana 32/46) / sukha ke hRdayAlAdaka pariNAma para aura duHkha ke vipAka-dAyaka pariNAma para cintana karane se pApa ke saMbaMdha meM bhaya, tiraskAra aura AkarSaNa kama hotA hai| aura AtmA meM pApa se chUTane kA saMkalpa jAgrata hotA hai| isa prakAra pApa ke bure pariNAma para aura zubha phala para jo cintana kiyA jAtA hai, use dharma-dhyAna meM 'vipAkavicaya' kahate haiN| (3) saMsthAna-vicaya- saMsthAna kA artha hai- aakaar| vizva ke AkAra aura svarUpa ke viSaya meM cintana karanA, vizva kA svarUpa kyA hai, naraka aura svarga kahA~ haiM, AtmA kina-kina kAraNoM se bhaTakatA hai, kina-kina yoniyoM meM kauna-se duHkha aura vedanAe~ haiM Adi-vizva-saMbaMdhI viSayoM ke sAtha Atma-saMbaMdha jor3akara unakA AtmAbhimukha cintana karanA 'saMsthAna vicaya' hai|62 dharma-dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM - (1) AjJAruci - ruci kA artha hai vishvaas| jinezvara devoM kI aura sadguruoM kI AjJA para vizvAsa rakhakara AcaraNa krnaa| (2) nisargaruci - dharma meM, sarvajJa-bhASita tattvoM meM aura satya-darzana meM sahaja ruci honA hI 'nisargaruci' hai| (3) sUtraruci - 'sUtra' kA artha hai bhagavat-vANI rUpa aagm| ina AgamoM ko sunane para jo ruci utpanna hotI hai, use 'sUtraruci' kahate haiN| (4) avagADharuci - avagAhana arthAt gaharAI meM jAkara cintana krnaa| jo zAstra ke vacanoM para gaharAI meM jAkara ciMtana-manana karane ko utsuka rahatA hai, usakI utsukatA ko 'avagADharuci' kahate haiN| ina cAra lakSaNoM se dharmadhyAnI AtmA pahacAnI jAtI hai| dharmadhyAna ko sthira rakhane ke lie aura usa cintana-pravAha ko adhika sthira rakhane ke lie dharmadhyAna ke cAra Alambana batAe gae haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - (1) vAcanA - dhArmika graMthoM kA vAcana krnaa| (2) pRcchanA - mana meM zaMkA utpanna hone para sadguru se puuchnaa| (3) parivartanA - abhyAsa dvArA prApta jJAna kA bAra-bAra smaraNa krnaa| (4) dharmakathA - dharmopadeza svayaM sunanA aura dUsaroM ko denaa| ___mana ko dharma-dhyAna meM lIna karane ke lie jo cintana kiyA jAtA hai use 'anuprekSA' kahate haiN| anuprekSA, bhAvanA ko bhI kahate haiN| dharmadhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ nimnAMkita haiM -

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275 jaina darzana ke nava tattva (1) ekatyAnuprekSA - AtmA ke akelepana kA cintana karanA / ( 2 ) anityAnuprekSA- vastu kI anityatA kA cintana karanA / (3) azaraNAnuprekSA- saMsAra meM koI kisI kI zaraNa nahIM hai aisA cintana karanA / (4) saMsArAnuprekSA - saMsAra ke svarUpa kA cintana karanA / ina cAra anuprekSAoM ( bhAvanAoM) kA cintana karane se vairAgya - bhAvanA prakaTa hotI hai| mana zAnta hotA hai| AtmazAnti prApta hotI hai| mana ko nirmohI banAne meM ina bhAvanAoM kA atyaMta mahattva hai / 13 (3) zukla dhyAna zukla dhyAna, dhyAna kI sabase adhika nirmala aura parama ujjvala avasthA hai / mana jaba viSaya kaSAya se parAvRtta hotA hai, taba usakI malinatA apane Apa kama hotI jAtI hai / mana nirmala aura ujjvala hote-hote jaba zubha vastra ke samAna pUrNataH malarahita ho jAtA hai, taba use zuklatA yA nirmalatA prApta hotI hai| usa nirmala mana kI ekAgratA aura pUrNa sthiratA 'zukladhyAna' kahI jAtI hai| 1 AcAryoM ne zukla dhyAna kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki jisa dhyAna meM bAhya viSayoM se saMbaMdha hone para bhI mana unakI ora AkRSTa nahIM hotA / pUrNa vairAgyapa-avasthA meM ramaNa karatA hai / jisa dhyAna kI sthiti meM sAdhaka ke zarIra para prahAra karane para yA chedana bhedana karane para bhI usake mana ko kaSTa nahIM hotA / zarIra ko takalIpha hone para bhI usa takalIpha kI anubhUti mana kA sparza nahIM kara . sakatI / bhayaMkara vedanAe~ aura upasarga bhI mana ko caMcala nahIM banA skte| sAdhaka kA cintana bAhya se antara kI ora jAtA hai, citta kI nirmalatA aura sthiratA prApta hotI hai, deha hone para bhI vaha svayaM ko dehamukta samajhatA hai / usa avasthA ko jaina - paribhASA meM 'zukla dhyAna' kahate haiM aura usIko vaidika - paribhASA meM 'samAdhi' kahate haiM / zukladhyAna jIva ke sarvocca AnaMda kA zikhara hai / vahA~ pahu~cane para AtmA apane svarUpa kI taMdrA meM tanmaya hokara apane jJAna ke sAtha ekAtma ho jAtA hai / zukla dhyAna siddha hone para dhyAtA, dhyeya aura dhyAna ina tInoM meM tAdAtmya sthApita ho jAtA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM 'vallabha - pravacana' meM kahA gayA hai ki dhyAtA, dhyAna aura dhyeya ye tInoM jaba ekarUpa hote haiM, taba usa vizuddha AtmA ke samasta duHkhoM kA kSaya hotA hai / " .64 zukladhyAna ke do bheda haiM (1) zukla aura ( 2 ) parama zukla / (1) zukla - caturdazapUrvadhArI taka kA dhyAna 'zukla dhyAna' hai / - gaye haiM 1 (2) parama zukla - kevalI bhagavAn kA dhyAna 'parama zukla dhyAna' hai / - ye donoM bheda dhyAna kI zuddhatA tathA adhika sthiratA kI dRSTi se kiye svarUpa kI dRSTi se zukla dhyAna ke cAra bheda hote haiM - -

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276 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (1) pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra : pRthaktva arthAt bheda evaM virtaka arthAt tarkapradhAna cintn| isa dhyAna meM vastu ke vividha prakAroM para sUkSmAtisUkSma cintana kiyA jAtA hai| (2) ekatva-vitarka-savicAra : jaba bhedapradhAna cintana meM mana sthira ho jAtA hai, taba abhedapradhAna cintana meM svayaMsthiratva prApta ho jAtA hai| isa dhyAna meM vastu ke eka rUpa ko hI dhyeya banAyA jAtA hai| yaha dhyAna sarvathA nirvicAra dhyAna nahIM hai| (3) sUkSmakriyA'pratipAti : yaha dhyAna atyanta sUkSma kriyA para kiyA jAtA hai| isa dhyAna kI sthiti prApta hone para yogI punaH dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hotaa| isalie isa dhyAna ko sUkSmakriyApratipAti kahA gayA hai| jainAgama meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha dhyAna kevalI-vItarAga AtmA ko hI hotA hai| (4) samucchinnakriyA'nivRtti : isa dhyAna meM AtmA saba yogoM kA nirodha karatA hai| Atmapradeza niSkaMpa banate haiN| saMpUrNa yoga-caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai| AtmA ayoga kevalI banatA hai| yaha anivRtti zukla dhyAna hai|65 isa dhyAna ke prabhAva se AtmA meM bace hue zeSa cAra karma bhI zIghra kSINa ho jAte haiM aura arihanta bhagavAn vItarAga AtmA siddha dazA prApta karate haiN| zukla dhyAna ke cAra liMga (lakSaNa) haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - (1) avyatha - atyanta kaThina upasarga meM bhI vyathita (calita) na honaa| (2) asammoha - sUkSma tAttvika viSayoM se athavA devAdikRta mAyA se sammohita na honA tathA acala zraddhA rkhnaa| (3) viveka - AtmA aura deha ke pRthaktva kA vAstavika jJAna honA tathA kartavya-akartavya kA saMpUrNa viveka jAgrata honaa| (4) vyutsarga - saba AsaktiyoM se AtmA kA mukta ho jaanaa| ina cAra liMgoM (cinhoM yA lakSaNoM) se yukta AtmA zukla-dhyAnI samajhA jAtA zukla-dhyAnarUpa mahala meM praveza karane ke lie cAra Alambana (sopAna) zAstroM meM batAye gaye haiM jo nimnalikhita haiM - (1) kSamA - krodha ko zAnta krnaa| (2) mArdava - mAnI vRtti na rkhnaa| (3) Arjava - mAyA-vRtti ko chor3akara hRdaya ko vinamra bnaanaa| (4) mukti - saba prakAra se lobha para vijaya prApta krnaa| zukla dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ ye haiM67 - . (1) anantavartitAnuprekSA - ananta bhava-paramparA ke saMbaMdha meM cintana krnaa|

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva (2) vipariNAmAnuprekSA vastu parivartanazIla hai aisA vicAra karake usake prati Asakti aura rAga-dveSa kama karanA / 277 - (3) azubhAnuprekSA saMsAra ke azubha svarUpa para vicAra karanA / (4) apAyAnuprekSA - krodhAdi doSa aura usake kaTu phala kA vicAra karanA / dhyAna karane vAle sAdhu kI buddhipUrvaka Asakti samApta hone para jo nirvikalpa samAdhi - prakaTa hotI hai, use zukla dhyAna yA rUpAtIta dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| isakI bhI uttarottara vRddhiMgata hone vAlI cAra zreNiyA~ haiM I prathama zreNI meM abuddhipUrvaka hI jJAna meM jJeya padArthoM kA aura yoga-pravRttiyoM kA saMkramaNa hotA rahatA hai / dvitIya zreNI meM yaha sthiti nahIM rahatI / tRtIya zreNI meM ratnadIpa kI jyoti ke samAna niSkampatA rahatI hai| cauthI zreNI meM zvAsa-nirodha nahIM karanA par3atA, balki vaha apane Apa hotA hai aura isa dhyAna se hI pratyakSa mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / jisakA zuci guNa se saMbaMdha hai vaha zukla dhyAna hai / jisa prakAra vastra kI malinatA dUra hone para vaha svaccha hotA hai, usI prakAra nirmalaguNayukta Atma-pariNati bhI zukla hai| kaSAya-mAlinya dUra ho jAne se ise zuklatA prApta hotI hai| jahA~ guNa atyaMta vizuddha ho jAte haiM, jahA~ karma kA kSaya aura upazama hotA hai aura jahA~ lezyA ( bhAva yA pariNAma ) bhI zukla hotI hai, use zukla dhyAna kahate haiM / AtmA ke zuci-guNa ke kAraNa isa dhyAna kA nAma zukla dhyAna par3A hai 1 Agama-zAstra meM rAga Adi vikalpa se rahita svasaMvedanayukta jJAna ko zukla dhyAna kahA gayA hai| ,68 jaina-darzana me dhyAna kA vistRta cintana kiyA gayA hai| pahale do dhyAna azubha hone se tyAjya haiN| dharma dhyAna aura zukla dhyAna AtmA ke liye hitakAraka haiM aura karmamukta karane vAle haiN| isIlie ve zubha tathA grAhya haiN| EUR prastuta hai ina cAra (Arta, raudra, dharma tathA zukla) dhyAnoM kA vistRta vivecana pUrva meM ho cukA hai| ina cAroM dhyAnoM kA sArAMza yahA~ (1) ArtadhyAna : dukha, zoka, pIr3A aura cintA se utpanna huA vRttipravAha / (2) raudradhyAna : hiMsA, asatya, corI Adi pApajanaka pariNAmoM se utpanna hone vAlA duHkhasaMkalpa | (3) dharma dhyAna : ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahamacarya, aparigraha Adi zubha bhAvanAoM tathA AtmasvarUpa aura Atma-darzana kI utkaNThA se yukta cittavRtti / (4) zukladhyAna : kaSAyarahita evaM nirmala Atma-darzana se utpanna tathA sarvathA parama vizuddha AtmavRtti / dhyAna-sAdhanA kA mukhya tattva hai 'samatA' / mana jitanA samabhAvI hogA, utanA hI sthira hogaa| AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM na sAtyena vinA dhyAnaM na dhyAnena vinA ca tat /

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278 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva samabhAva ke abhyAsa ke binA dhyAna nahIM ho sakatA aura na mana hI sthira ho sakatA hai| mana ke sthira hue binA samAdhi evaM zAnti prApta nahIM hotii| jaba mana samatAmaya hotA hai, tabhI anAsakti, vItarAgatA tathA nirmamatva kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura viSamatA dUra hotI hai| jisakI viSamatA dUra ho jAtI hai vaha saMkaToM para vijaya prApta karake mana ko dhyAnastha aura samAdhistha banAtA hai| vastutaH mana kI sthiratA aura samAdhi hI saccA tapa hai| bhagavadgItA meM zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ko dhyAna kA mahattva batAte hue kahA hai- "he arjuna! niHsaMzaya mana caMcala aura kaThinatA se vaza meM hone vAlA hai| parantu abhyAsa se aura vairAgya se isakA nigraha kiyA jA sakatA hai|" abhyAsa kA artha hai - ekAgratA kI sAdhanA aura vairAgya kA Azaya hai - viSaya se virakti / ekAgratA ke abhyAsa aura viSaya se virakti kI sahAyatA se mana ko vaza meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| (virakti aura abhyAsa ke abhAva meM) jisakA antaHkaraNa svAdhIna nahIM haiM, use yoga kA prApta honA ati kaThina hai / lekina jisakA antaHkaraNa svAdhIna hai, vaha yadi (Upara nirdiSTa) upAyoM se prayatna kare to use yoga prApta ho sakatA hai|70 anazana se lekara dhyAna taka bAraha tapoM kA eka askhalita krama hai| taparUpI dhArA kA yaha eka nirmala pravAha hai| yaha hamezA vikasita hI hotA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jaina-dharma kA tapa kevala kAyadaNDarUpa hI nahIM hai, varan usase mAnasika zuddhi bhI hotI hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| bAhya aura abhyantara tapoM kA samanvaya bAhya aura abhyantara tapa ke bhedoM aura upabhedoM kA vivacena kiyA jA cukA hai| donoM kA hI samAna sthAna hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki Atmazuddhi ke lie jisa prakAra upavAsa svAdavarjana tathA kaSTa-sahiSNutA kI jarUrata hai usI prakAra vinaya, sevA, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna kI bhI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| bAhya aura abhyantara tapa kA astittva eka-dUsare para AdhArita hai, sAtha hI eka-dUsare kA pUraka hai| bAhya tapa se abhyantara tapa puSTa banatA hai aura abhyaMtara tapa se anazana, Unodari bAhya tapoM kI sAdhanA sahajatA se hotI hai| taparUpI ratha ke bAhya aura abhyaMtara ye do pahiye haiN| ina do pahiyoM para hI ratha AdhArita hai| ratha kabhI eka pahiye se nahIM cala sktaa| usake lie do pahiye caahie| bAhya tapa ko yadi abhyaMtara tapa kA sahayoga na mile, to vaha saphala nahIM ho sktaa| bAhya tapa kriyA-yoga kA pratIka hai, to abhyaMtara tapa jJAna yoga kA / jJAna aura kriyA ina donoM ke samanvaya se hI jIvanasAphalya hotA hai - jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokssH|

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. 279 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva isa prakAra jaina-dharma meM jJAna aura kriyA kA samAna mahattva hai| jJAna ke binA kriyA aMdhI hai aura kriyA ke binA jJAna paMgu hai| isa prakAra bAhya aura abhyantara ina donoM tapoM ke samanvaya se hI mokSaprApti hotI hai| tapa ke samasta bhedoM ko nimnAMkita bhedavRkSa se bhI spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai - tapa ke bheda abhyantara tapa bAhya tapa 1-anazana 4-rasaparityAga 2-avamodarya 3-vRttiparisaMkhyAna 5-viviktazayyAsana 6-kAyakleza prAyAzcitta vinaya vaiyAvRtya svAdhyAya vyutsarga dhyAna vAcanA bAyopadhi tyAga pRcchanA abhyaMtaropadhi tyAga anuprekSA AmnAya dharmopadeza AlocanA jJAnavinaya AcArya vaiyAvRtya pratikramaNa darzanavinaya upAdhyAya vaiyAvRtya tadubhaya cAritravinaya tapasvI vaiyAvRtya viveka upacAravinaya zaikSa vaiyAvRtya glAna vaiyAvRtya gaNa vaiyAvRtya kula vaiyAvRtya saMgha vaiyAvRtya sAdhu vaiyAvRtya manojJa vaiyAvRtya vyutsarga 1 ArtadhyAna 2 raudradhyAna 3 dharmadhyAna 4 zukladhyAna aniSTasaMyogaja hiMsAnubandhI iSTaviyogaja mRSAnubandhI vedanAjanita cauryAnubandhI nidAnajanita parigrahAnubandhI AjJAvicaya apAyavicaya vipAkavicaya saMsthAnavicaya pRthaktvavitarka ekatvavitarka sUkSmakriyApratipAti samucchinnakriyA'nivRtti vijJAnayuga meM dhyAna kA mahattva Aja kA yuga vijJAna aura pragati kA yuga hai| isalie yaha prazna sahaja hI utpanna hotA hai ki eka aise drutagati vAle yuga meM kyA dhyAna-sAdhana kI koI ___Jain Ed.sArthakatA aura upayogitA ho sakatI hai? dhyAna kA bodha hamArI vaijJAnika pragati ary.org

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280 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kI ghur3adaur3a ko kahIM roka to nahIM legA? hamArI kriyAzIlatA ko kuMThita to nahIM kara degA? hamAre saMskAroM ko jar3a aura vicAroM ko sthitizIla. to nahIM kara degA? Upara se zaMkA satya lagatI hai, magara vastutaH yaha satya nahIM haiN| dhyAna-sAdhanA niSkriyatA kA yA jar3atA kA kAraka nahIM hai| apitu samatA, kSamatA akhaNDa zakti aura zAnti kA vidhAyaka tattva hai| eka kAlakhaNDa aisA thA jaba mokSArthI logoM ke lie dhyAna nirvANa-prApti kA sAdhana thaa| ve mukti me lie dhyAna meM tallIna rahate the| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se yaha Aja bhI samIcIna mAnA jAtA hai| sAtha hI vaijJAnika pragati aura mAnasika bodha ke vikAsa ne dhyAna-sAdhanA kI sAmAjika aura vyAvahArika upayogitA ko aura bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| kyoMki Aja videzoM meM dhyAna bhautika vaibhava se susampanna logoM ke AkarSaNa kA kendra banatA jA rahA hai| dhyAna aura cetanA : __dhyAna kA saMbaMdha cetanA se hai| manovaijJAnikoM ne cetanA ke mukhya tIna bheda batAye haiM - jAnanA arthAt jJAna (Cognition), anubhava arthAt anubhUti (feeling), aura prayatna arthAt mAnasika sakriyatA (Conation) / ye tInoM bAteM mana ke vikAsa se paraspara saMbaMdhita haiN| dhyAna yaha eka prakAra kI mAnasika kriyA hai| dhyAna mana ko kisI eka vastu para yA saMvedanA para kendrita karane meM sakriyA rahatA hai| paraMtu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aura aneka AdhyAtmika puruSoM ne isase Age dhyAna ko cittavRtti kA nirodha karake Atma-svarUpa meM ramamANa hone kI prakriyA kahA dhyAna ke viSaya meM pazcima ke logoM kA AkarSaNa : __dhyAna ke prati pazcima ke logoM kA jo AkarSaka bar3ha rahA hai vaha bhoga ke atireka kI pratikriyA kI pariNati hai| AtmA ke svabhAva meM rama jAne kI sahaja pravRttiyA~ unameM nahIM haiN| bhautika aizvarya meM DUbe hue pAzcAtyoM ke lie dhyAna, bhautika yaMtraNA ye mukti prApta karane kA eka sAdhana hai| indriya-bhoga ke atireka se utpanna thakAna ke lie vizrAma hai| dhyAna mAnasika tanAva aura dainika jIvana kI uthala-puthala se dUra rahane kA eka mArga hai| dhyAna ke prati unakA AkarSaka bhautika padArthoM se hone vAlI atRpti tathA takalIpha kA pariNAma hai| unakA uddezya prAcIna RSiyoM ke samAna mukti yA nirvANa-prApti nahIM hai| dhyAna ko ve zArIrika aura mAnasika stara taka hI jAna sakate haiN| usake Age Atmika stara taka ve nahIM pahace haiN| vastutaH dhyAna-yoga kI sAdhanA bhoga kI pratikriyA kA phala nahIM hai, usakA uddezya mahAn hai| usake dvArA AtmA ke svabhAva kA paricaya prApta karake usakA smaraNa karane kI ruci jAgrata kI jAtI hai| cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha kiyA

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva jAtA hai / dhyAnAvasthA sAdhaka ko jar3a nahIM banAtI, vaha use sUkSma se zUnya avasthA taka pahu~cAtI hai tathA ananta zakti aura prasannatA se otaprota karatI hai / dhyAna-sAdhanA AdhyAtmika UrjA kA srota to hai hI sAmAjika zAlInatA aura vizva baMdhutva kI bhAvanA kI vRddhi meM bhI usase madada milatI hai| dhyAna, jIvana se palAyana nahIM hai| jIvana ke sAtha sadAcAraniSTha, kalAtmaka aura anuzAsanabaddha rahane kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| dhyAna eka aisA saMgama-sthAna hai jahA~ vibhinna dharma jAti aura saMskRti ke loga eka sAtha baiThakara parama satya kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM / pariNAmataH unheM AtmazAnti prApta hotI hai| dhyAna ke viSaya meM vizeSa vivecana 'jinavANI' meM bhI milatA hai / 72 281 tapa kA mAhAtmya : 'tapa' cintAmaNi ratna ke samAna cintAoM ko dUra karane vAlA hai / duHkharUpI andhakAra haTAne ke lie tapa sAkSAt sUrya ke samAna hai / karmarUpI parvatoM kA nAza karane ke lie yaha vajra ke samAna upayogI hai| isameM samasta prakAra kI arthasiddhi samAviSTa hai / sabhI manuSyoM ke karmoM ko tapa hI naSTa karatA hai / tapa saMsArarUpI samudra ko pAra karavAtA hai| isalie tapa kI zuddha bhAvanA se ArAdhanA karanI cAhie / tapa kA teja sUrya se jyAdA prakhara hai| mukti aura adhyAtma ke lie sabhI dharmoM meM tapa ko mahattva diyA gayA hai / 3 73 jaina darzana kA tapa sAdhanA kA mArga haThayoga kA mArga nahIM hai| zarIra aura mana para kisI bhI prakAra kA balAtkAra yahA~ dikhAI nahIM detaa| mana kI prasannatA ke uparAnta hI zarIra ke dvArA tapa ho sakatA hai| jaina dharma kI tapa sAdhanA meM eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki durbala se durbala sAtha hI mahAn se mahAn zaktizAlI puruSa bhI apanI zakti ke anusAra isa tapomArga kI ArAdhanA kara sakatA hai| choTe se choTA vrata eka poruSI (kevala DhAI-tIna ghaNToM ke lie AhAra kA tyAga ) karake bhI isa tapa kI ArAdhanA kA prAraMbha kiyA jA sakatA hai / UnodarI to rogI, bhogI, yogI koI bhI kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra tapa kI AsAna sAdhanA bhI isameM batAI gayI hai| dhIre-dhIre zarIra aura mana dRr3ha hone para kaThora, dIrgha upavAsa, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga taka kI sAdhanAoM dvArA sAdhaka tapa ke uccatama zikhara para pahu~ca sakatA hai| vAstava meM tapa adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA prANa hai / bhAratIya dharmoM meM aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina-dharma meM tapa ke vividha bhedoM para saMpUrNa vicAra, cintana aura manana kiyA gayA hai / jIvana kI pratyeka pravRtti tapomaya honI cAhie, aisI jaina-dharma kI jIvanadRSTi hai / tapa jIvana kI UrjA hai| sRSTi kA mUlacakra hai / tapa hI jIvana hai / tapa damana nahIM zamana hai / nigraha nahIM hai, abhigraha hai / kevala bhojana nirodha hI nahIM, vAsanA-nirodha bhI hai / tapa jIvana ko saumya, svaccha, sAtvika aura sarvAMgapUrNa

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282 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva banAne kI divya sAdhanA hai| yaha eka aisI adbhuta sAdhanA hai jisase AdhyAtmika paripUrNatA prApta hotI hai, aura anta meM sAdhaka janma, jarA evaM mRtyu ke cakra se vimukta hokara paramAtma-pada taka pahu~catA hai| tapa jala ke binA hI hone vAlA antaraMga snAna hai| yaha jIvana ke vikAroM kA sampUrNa mala dhokara svacchatA lAtA hai| isa prakAra jaina-dharma ke tapa ke mahattva ko samajha lene para spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina-dharma eka vaijJAnika dharma hai| sandarbha 1. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 28, gA. 36. khavettA puvvakammAiM saMjameNa taveNa ya / / savvadukkhappahINaTThA pakkamanti mahesiNo / / (kha) paM- vijayamuni zAstrI - samayasArapravacana - pR. 81-82 (ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 30, gA. 5, 6. jahA mahAtalAyassa sanniruddha jalAgame / ussiciMNAe tavaNAt kameNaM sosaNA bhave / / 5 / / evaM tu saMjayassAvi pAvakammanirAsave bhavakoDIsaMciyaM kammaM tavasA nijarijjaI / / 6 / / 2. vAcaspati gairolA - saMskRta sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa - pR. 216. 3. (ka) zrIsiddhasenagaNi - tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya) - bhA. 2, a. 8, sU. 24, pR. 173 sA ca nirjarA dvividhA-vipAkajA avipAkajA ca / (kha) zrIsiddhasenagaNi-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya) - bhA. 2, a. 8, sU. 24, pR. 173-174. tatrAdyA saMsArodadhau pariplavamAnasyAtmanaH zubhAzubhasya karmaNo vipAkakAlAprAptasya yathAyathamudayAvalikAttotasi patitasya phalopabhogAdupajAtisthitikSaye yA nivRttiH sA vipAkajA nirjarA / yat punaH karmAprAptavipAkakAlamaupakramikakriyAvizeSasAmarthyAdanuttIrNa balAdudIryodayAvalikAmanupravezya vedyate panasatindukAprakalapAkavat sA tvavipAkajA nirjarA / / 4. (ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 16, 20. anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezA bAhUyaMtapaH / / 16 / / prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRtyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyuttaram / / 20 / / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 30, sU. 8, 30. (ga) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 16, 20, pR. 618 5. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 30, sU. 7. so tavo duviho vutto bAhirabbhantaro tahA / . . k'.

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283 bAhiro chavviho vRtto evamabbhantaro to / / 6. (ka) AcArya bhikkhU navapadArtha pR. 661 (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 30, sU. 6 (ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 6, sU. 22 7. umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 3, 'tapasA nirjarA ca' / 8. (ka) umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra a. 6, sU. 3 ------- -- (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva tattvArtharAjavArtika a. 6, sU. 3, pR. 563, bhA. 2 tapaso'bhyudayahetutvAnirjarAGgatvAbhAva iti cet tapo'bhyudayakarmakSayahetuH / 6. umAsvAti - sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra - a. 6, sU. 16, pR. 412 (hindI anu. paM. khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI) saMyamarakSaNArthe karmanirjarArthe ca caturthaSaSThASTamAdi samyaganazanaM tapaH / 10. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 16, pR. 618 saMyamaprasiddhirAgocchedakarmavinAzadhyAnAgamAvAptyarthamanazanavacanam / 11. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 30, gA. 6-13. 12. uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 30, gA. 14-23 13. saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame ( bhagavaI ) - bhAga 1, sa. 25, u. 7, pR. 863 14. saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (samavAiya) bhAga 1, sa. 6, pR. 320 - - 15. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 17. - - - - a. 30, sU. 14 omocaraNaM paMcahA samAseNa viyAhiyaM / jaina darzana ke nava tattva davvao khetakAleNaM bhAveNaM pajjavehi ya / / 16. saM- pupphabhikkhU-suttAgame (ovavAiyasutaM ) - bhAga 2, pR. 6 duvihA paNNattA, taM jahA davvomoyariyA va bhAvamoyariyA ya aNegavihA paNNattA, taM jahA appakohe appamANe appamAe appalohe appasade appasaMtre, se taM omoyariyA / bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 16, pR. 618 bhikSArthino munerekAgArAdiviSayaH saMkalpazcittAvarodhaH vRttiH parisaMkhyAnamAzAnivRttyarthama vagantavyam / 18. dazavaikAlikAsUtra - a. 1, gA. 2 16. saM- pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (sUyagaDa ) - sU. 1, a. 10, pR. 124 AdINavitti va karai pAvaM / / 6 / / 20. (ka) saM- pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (samavAe) bhA. 1, sa. 6, pR. 320 (kha) umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra, a. 6, sU. 16 - 21. (ka) uttarAdhyayana sUtra - a. 30, gA. 25 22. saM. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata (kha) dazavaikAlikasUtra - a. 5, u. 1, gA. 2. jinavANI (mAsika patrikA - akTUbara, 1974 ) - pR. 24 zrI rameza munizAstrI - tapa: eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana, pAdaTippaNI saM. (4) - -

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284 jaina darzana ke nava tattva (ka) gauriva caraNaM gocaraH- uttamAdhamamadhyamakuleSvaraktAdviSTasya bhikSATanaM haribhadrIyaTIkA, patra 163 (kha) goriva caraNaM goyaro - tahA saddhAdisu amucchio / agastyasiMhacUrNi / 23. pR. 25 uccanIyamajjhima kulAI aDamADe - antagaDhadazAvarga 6 / 15 24. dazavaikAlikasUtra - a. 5, u. 1, gA. 100 - dovi gacchanti suggaiM / 25. dazavaikAlikasUtra - a. 1, gA. 2 jahA dumasta puSphesu, bhamaro aviyai rasaM / ya pupphaM kilAi so ya pINei appayaM / / 26- (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 30, gA, 26 khIradAhisappimAI paNIyaM pANabhoyaNaM / parivajjaNaM rasANaM tu bhaNiya rasavivajjaNaM / (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 2, a. 6, sU. 16, pR. 618 jitendriyatvatejo'hAnisaMyamoparodhavyAvRttyAdyarthaM ghRtAdirasatyajanaM rasaparityAgaH / / 5 // 27- bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika, a. 6, sU. 16, pR. 616, bhAga 2 AbAdhAtyayabrahmacaryasvAdhyAyadhyAnAdiprasiddhayarthe viviktazayyAsanam / / 12 / / 28- saM pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame ( bhagavaI ) - bhA. 1. sa. 24, u. 7, pR. 864 (ka) paDiMsalIyaNA cauvvihA pannatA taM jahA iMdiyapaDisaMlINayA kasAyapaDisaMlINayA jogapaDisaMlINayA vivittasajayAsaNesevaNayA / (kha) iMdiyapaDisaMlINayA paMcavihA pannA taM jahA soiMdiya--- vivittasayaNAsaNasevaNayA, se taM paDisaMlINayA se taM bAhirae tave / / 1 / / - pR. 864-64 26 - (ka) marudharakesarI pravartaka munizrI mizrImalajI mahArAja jainadharma meM tapa pR. 288, 260, 262, 265, 302. (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika a. 6, sU. 16- pR. 626, bhAga 2 sthAnamaunAtapanAdiranekadhA / / 13 / / nAnAvidhapratimAsthAnaM vAcaMyamatvam AtApanam vRkSamUla (vAsaH) ityevamAdinA zarIraparikhedaH kAyakleza ityucyate / 30. umAsvAti sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra (hiMdI anu- paM. khUbacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI ) - a. 6, sU. 16, pR. 414 asmAt SaDvidhAdapi bAhUyAttapasaH saGgatyAgazarIralAghavendriyavijayasaMyamarakSaNakarmanirjarA bhavanti / / 6 / / 31. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra a. 30, gA. 30 pAyacchitaM viNao veyAvaccaM taheva sajjhAo / - - jhANaM ca viussaggo eso abbhintaro tavo // (kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva tattvArtharAjavArtika- bhA. 2, a. 6, sU.20, pR. 620 -

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285 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva prAyazcittavinayavaiyAvRttyasvAdhyAyavyutsargadhyAnAnyabhyantaram / / 20 / / 32. marudharakesarI, pravartaka, munizrI mizrImalajI ma. - jaina dharma meM tapa - pR. 390-361 pApaM chinatti yasmAt prAyazcittamiti bhASyate tasmAt / / prAyeNa vApi cittaM vizodhayati tena prAyazcittam / / 33. marudharakesarI, pravartaka, munizrI mizrImalajI ma. - jaina dharma meM tapa - pR. 361 prAyaH pApaM vinirdiSTaM cittaM tasya vizodhanam / - dharmasaMgraha, adhikAra 3 34. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika - a. 6, sU. 22, pR. 620, bhAga 2 aparAdho vA prAyaH cittaM zuddhiH prAyasya cittaM prAyazcittam aparAdhavizuddhiH / 35. marudharakesarI, pravartaka, munizrI mizrImalajI ma.-jaina dharma meM tapa-pR. 360-362 36. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 1, gA. 4, jahA suNI pui-kaNNI, nikkasijjai savvaso / evaM dussIla-paDiNIe, muharI nikkasijjai / / 37. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 1, gA. 26-pharusaM pi aNusAsaNaM / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 1, gA. EUR-aNusAsio na kuppijjA / (ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 1, gA. 27-jaM me buddhANusAsanti sIeNa pharuseNa vaa| 38. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 1, gA. 15 - appA ceva dameyavvo / (kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a.1, gA. 16- varaM me appA danto, saMjameNa taveNa y| (ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 1, gA. 7 - tamhA viNayamesijjA, sIlaM paDi-labhejjao / 36. (ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 1, gA. 22 - pucchejjA paMjalIuDo / (kha) dazavaikAlikasUtra - a. 8, gA. 41 - rAyaNiesu viNayaM pauMje / (ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 6, u. 2, gA. 22 vivattI aviNIyassa saMpattI viNiyassa ya / 40. (ka) saM. puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhAga 1, sa. 25, u. 7, pR.865 viNae sattavihe paNNate taM jahA - NANaviNae, daMsaNaviNae, caritaviNae, maNaviNae, vaiviNai, kAyaviNae, logovayAraviNae / (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe) - bhAga 1, a. 7, pR. 284 41. marudharakesarI, pravartaka, munizrI mizrImalajI ma. - jaina dharma meM tapa - pR. 436 viNaeNa Naro gaMdheNa caMdaNaM somayAi rayaNiyaro / mahuraraseNa amayaM jaNapiyattaM lahai bhuvaNe / - dharmaratnaprakaraNa 1 42. marudharakesarI, pravartaka, munizrI mizrImalajI ma. - jaina dharma meM tapa - pR. 442 vaiyAvRtyaM bhaktAdibhiH dharmopagrahakAritvaM vastubhirupagrahakaraNe / 43. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 26, sU. 44.

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286 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vaiyAvacceNaM bhante jIve kiM jaNayai ? vaiyAvacceNaM titthayaranAmagottaM kammaM nibandhai / / 44. (ka) saM. puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe) - bhAga 1, a. 10, a. 10, pR.304 dasavihe veyAvacce paNNatA taM jahA - AyariyaveyAvacce uvajjhAyaveyAvacce theraveyAvacce tavassi veyAvacce, gilANa veyAvacce, seha veyAvacce, kula veyAvacce, gaNa veyAvacce, saMghaveyAvacce sAhammiyaveyAvacce / (kha) saM. puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) - sa. 25, u. 7, pR. 866 veyAvacce dasavihe paNNatA taM jahA - AyariyaveyAvacce --------- saMghaveyAvacce sAhammiyaveyAvacce / / 801 / / 45. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 26, gA- 10 sajjhAe vA niutteNaM savvadukkhavimokkhaNe / / 46. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 26, gA. 16 sajjhAeNaM nANAvaraNijja kammaM khavei / / 47.(ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhAga 1, sa. 25, u. 7, pR. 866 sajjhAe paMcavihe pannate taM jahA - vAyaNA paDipucchaNA. pariyaTTaNA aNuppehA dhammakahA, se taM sajjhAe / / 801 / / (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ovavAiyasutta) - bhAga 2, pR. 11 48. tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - bhAga 2, a. 6, sU. 27, pR. 625 niHsaMganirbhayatvajIvitAzAvyudAsAdyartho vyutsargaH / / 10 / / - tattvArthaTIkA / 46. DaoN- mohanalAla mehatA- jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa - bhAga 3, pR. 63-64 50. DaoN. indracandra zAstrI - jainadRSTi - pR. 81-82 51. saM. puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhA.1, sa. 25, u. 7, pR. 867 viusagge duvihe pannatA taM jahA - davvaviusagge va bhAvaviusagge ya, se kiM taM davvaviusagge ? davvaviusagge cauvihe pannatA taM jahA - gaNaviusagge sarIraviusagge uvahiviusagge bhatapANaviusagge, se taM davvaviusagge, se kiM taM bhAvaviusagge ? bhAvaviusagge tivihe pannatA taM jahA - kasAyaviusagge saMsAraviusagge kammaviusagge / / 803 / / / 52. saM. puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhA. 1, sa. 25, u. 7, pR. 867 kasAyaviusagge caubihe pannatA taM jahA - kohaviusagge -------- aMtarAiyakammaviusagge, se taM kammaviusagge, se taM bhAvaviusagge / / 103 / / 53. munizrI nathamala - jIva-ajIva - pR 182 54. lekhaka va saMkalanakAra - vizvazAnticAhaka - yogadarzana ane yogasamAdhi (gujarAtI anu-), pR. 353 siddhAH siddhayanti setsyanti, yAvantaH ke'pimAnavAH / dhyAnatapobalenaiva, te sarve'pi zubhAzayAH / / 55. marudharakesarI, pravartaka, munizrI mizrImalajI ma. - jainadharma meM tapa - pra. 470

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jaina darzana ke nava tattva dhyAnaM tu viSaye tasminnekapratyayasaMtatiH / - abhidhAnacintAmaNikoza 1 / 84 56. (ka) marudharakesarI, pravartaka, munizrI mizrImalajI ma.- jainadharma meM tapa. 287 pR. 471-472 (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhU -- suttAgame ( ThANe ) - a. 4, u. 1, pR. 224 catAri jhANA pannatA taM jahA aTTe jhANe, rodde jhANe, dhamme jhANe, sukke jhANe / / 308 / / bhA. 1, a. 4, u. 1, pR. 224 amaNunnasaMpaogasaMpatte tassa maNunnasaMpaogasaMpautte tassa bhavai, 57. (ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame ( ThANe ) aTTe jhANe cauvvihe pannatA taM jahA vippaogasa samaNNagae yAvi bhavai, avippaogasatisamaNNAgae yAvi AyaMkasaMpa oga saMpautte tassa vippaogasatisamaNNAgae yAvi bhavai, parijusIyakAmabhogasaMpaogasaMpatte tassa avippaogasatisamaNNAgae yAvi bhavai, aTTassa NaM jhANassa cattAri lakkhaNA pannatA taM jahA - kaMdaNayA, soyaNayA, tippaNayA paridevaNayA / / 308 / / (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame ( bhagavaI ) - bhA. 1, a. 25, u.8, pR. 866 58. AcArya vallabhasUrijI ma. 56. (ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe) rodde jhANe cauvyihe pannatA taM jahA hiMsANubaMdhi, mosANubaMdhi teNANubaMdhi sNrkkhnnaannubNdhi| roddassa NaM jhANassa cattAri lakkhaNA pannatA taM jahA osannadose, vahuladose, annANadose AmaraNaMtadose, / / 308 / / vallabhapravacana bhA. 1, pR. 406 bhA. 1, a. 4, u. 1, pR. 224 (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame ( bhagavaI ) - bhA. 1, sa. 25, u. 7, pR. 866 60. AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrijI ma. 61. AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUrijI ma. 62. saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (ThANe) - bhA. dhamme jhANe cauvvihe paNNatA taM jahA vijae, saMThANa vijae / / 308 / / 63. (ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU suttAgame ( ThANe ) - bhA. 1, a. 4, u. 1, pR. 224 (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhU suttAgame ( bhagavaI) - bhA. 1, sa. 25, u. 7, pR. 866 64. AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrijI ma. vallabhapravacana bhAga 1, pR. 414 dhyAtA dhyAnaM tathA dhyeyamekatAvagataM trayam / tasya hUyananyacittasya sarvaduH khakSayo bhavet / / 65. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 36-40 zukle cA pUrvavidaH / 36 / pare kevalinaH / 40 / 66. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 41 pRthakattvaikattvavitarkasUkSmakriyApratipAtivyuparatakriyAnivRttIni / / 41 / / 67. (ka) saM. pupphabhikkhU suttAgame (ThANe) bhA. 1, a. 4, u. 1, pR. 224 - - - - - vallabhapravacana, bhAga 1, pR. 411 vallabhapravacana, bhAga 1, pR. 413 1, a. 4, u. 1, pR. 224 - - ANA vijae, avAya vijae, vivAga

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288 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sukkejhANe cauvvihe paNNatA taM jahA - puhuttaviyakkesaviyArI, egattaviyakke aviyArI, ------ aNaMtavattiyANuppehA, vipariNAmANuppehA, asubhANuppehA, avAyANuppehA / / 308 / / (kha) saM. pupphabhikkhU-suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhA. 1, saM. 25, u. 7, pR. 866-867 68. jinendra varNI - jainendrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 31-32 66. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 6, sU. 26 ArtaraudradharmazuklAni / / 26 / / 70. zrImadbhagavadgItA - a. 6, zlo. 35-36. (ka) asaMzayaM mahAbAho mano durnigrahaM calam / abhyAsena tu kaunteya vairAgyeNa ca gRhayAte / / 35 / / (kha) asaMyatAtmanA yogo duSprApa iti me matiH / / vazyAtmanA tu yatatA zakyo'vAptumupAyataH / / 36 / / 71. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra) - pR. 276 (marAThI anu. zrI. vra. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI) 72. (ka) saM. munizrI nemicandrajI - zrIamarabhAratI (bhagavAn mahAvIra-nirvANa-vizeSAMka 1674 - DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata - dhyAnasAdhanA / vartamAna saMdarbha meM) - pR. 110 ----- (kha) saM. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata - jinavANI (navambara 1672) 73. saM. phatahasiMha koThArI - osavAla-hitaiSI (mAsika patrikA) - agasta 1675, aMka 8, pR. 4-5 (ka) cintAmaNestulyamazeSadAyi, duHkhA'ndhakArapratirodhi sUryaH / karmAdibhede kulizopamaM ca, sarvArthasiddhistapasi pratiSThA / / (kha) vajrANi karmANi tapo hi yasmAt, bhasmIprakuryAt sakalaM janAnAm / saMsArasiMdhu nayatIha pAra mArAdhayantu pravizuddhabhAvAt / / (ga) sUryo'tizAyi prakharaM tu tejo, muktyarthamadhyAtmagopiyatnaiH / labdhernidhAnaM sukhazAntidhAma sarveSu dharmeSu tapaH pradhAnam / / *

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aSTama adhyAya baMdha tattva dUdha meM jaise jala, dhAtu meM jaisR mRttikA, puSpa meM jaisI sugaMdha, tila meM jaise tela, lauhe ke gole meM jaise agni, usI prakAra AtmapradezoM meM karma-pudgala kA samAveza hotA hai| yahI "baMdha" hai| do padArthoM ke viziSTa saMbaMdha ko 'baMdha' kahate haiN| jIva kaSAya yukta hokara karma yogya aise pudgala grahaNa karatA hai| yahI baMdha hai| - isakA artha yaha hai ki karmayogya pudgaloM kA aura jIva kA agni aura lauhapiNDa ke samAna jo saMbaMdha hai, vahI baMdha hai|' baMdha do prakAra kA hotA hai| puNya-karma kA baMdha aura pApa-karma kA bNdh| puNyabaMdha ke udaya se jIva ko sukha prApta hotA hai aura pApabaMdha ke udaya se aneka prakAra ke duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| jaba taka baMdha kA vipAka nahIM hotA, taba taka jIva ko kiMcita bhI sukha-duHkha nahIM hotaa| jaba taka AmnavoM kA dvAra khulA rahatA hai, taba taka baMdha hotA hI rhegaa| jahA~-jahA~ Asrava hai, vahA~-vahA~ baMdha hai hii| Agama zAstra meM anya padAthoM ke samAna baMdha ko bhI sata, tattva, tathya Adi saMjJAoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA hai - aisA mata samajhie ki baMdha aura mokSa nahIM haiM, paraMtu aisA samajhie ki baMdha aura mokSa haiN| "baMdha" kI vyAkhyAeM: jisase karma bAMdhA jAtA hai, use 'baMdha' kahate hai| jo baMdhatA hai yA jisake dvArA bAMdhA jAtA hai athavA jo baMdhana rUpa hai, vaha baMdha hai| baMdha karaNa yA sAdhana hai| kyoMki adhyAtma mArga meM jisake dvArA karma bAMdhA jAtA hai vaha baMdha hai| iSTa sthAna arthAta mukti jAne meM jo bAdhaka kAraNa hai use baMdha kahate haiN| karma-pradezoM kA Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAhI honA baMdha hai| Atmadravya kA karma dravya ke sAtha saMyoga aura samavAya saMbaMdha hotA hai, use hI baMdha kahate haiN| vastutaH jIva aura karma ke mizraNa ko hI baMdha kahate haiN| jIva apanI pravRttiyoM se karmayogya pudgala ko grahaNa karatA hai| ina grahaNa kie hue karma-pudgaloM kA jIva-pradezoM ke sAtha saMyoga 'baMdha' haiN| baMdha kA svarUpa : AcArya zIlAMka ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM kahA hai ki AraMbha aura kaSAya AtmA ke parigraha haiN| mithyAtva aura ajJAna AtmA ke baMdhana haiN| jaba taka inakA astitva rahegA, taba taka AtmA baMdhana se mukta nahIM hogaa| pUrvabaddha karma ThIka samaya para phala dekara avazya hI alaga hoge, paraMtu usase nae. karma kA baMdha hotA rahegA aura baMdha kI paraMparA jArI rhegii| isalie baMdha kA svarUpa aura usake

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290 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kAraNoM kA jJAna kara lenA Avazyaka hai| usase hI AtmA baMdhana kA tyAga kara mukta ho skegaa| - vastutaH baMdha bhI AtmA kI paryAya hai aura mokSa bhI AtmA kI paryAya hai, paraMtu donoM paryAyoM meM bahuta bar3A aMtara haiM mokSa yaha AtmA kI vizuddha paryAya hai to baMdha azuddha paryAya hai| jaba taka moha aura ajJAna rahegA; rAga, dveSa aura mithyAtva raheMge, taba taka baMdha kI paryAya yA azuddha paryAya rahegI hii| sva-svarUpa meM sthita honA hI baMdhana se mukta honA hai aura parabhAva meM, . bhautika vastuoM meM yA para-padAthoM meM rama jAnA hI yahI baMdhana hai| jaba taka baMdhana, kA svarUpa samajhA nahIM jAegA, taba taka mokSa kA svarUpa bhI samajhA nahIM jaaegaa| baMdhana kA svarUpa samajhane ke bAda hI use naSTa karane ko prayatna kiyA jA skegaa| baMdhana kaba se ? : saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI karmoM ke baMdhana se baddha hai| vaha kaba se baddha hai, yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa prakAra baMdhana kA prArambhika samaya nizcita na hone para bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki vaha karma se baddha hai| jaba suvarNa ko khAna meM se nikAlA jAtA hai, taba vaha mRttikA se lipaTA huA rahatA hai| vaha kaba se miTTI se lipaTA huA hai, yaha hama nahIM batA skte| paraMtu vaha jaba taka suvarNa khAna meM rahatA hai, taba taka mRttikA ke sAtha hI rahatA hai| lekina khAna meM se nikAlA jAne para rAsAyanika prakriyA dvArA use zuddha banAyA jA sakatA hai| mRttikA ko alaga aura suvarNa ko alaga kiyA jAtA hai| usI prakAra sAdhanA kI prakriyA dvArA AtmA ko bhI kamoM ke baMdhana se mukta kiyA jAtA hai| baMdhana ke kAraNa : mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga- ye pA~ca baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| 1) mithyAdarzana : jIvAdi tattvoM para jo zraddhA hotI hai, use samyak darzana kahate hai| isake viparIta una tattvoM para zraddhA na honA mithyAdarzana hai| 2) avirati doSoM se parAGmukha na honA, SaTkAya jIvoM kI hiMsA karanA aura pA~ca indriyoM tathA mana ko niyaMtraNa meM nahIM rakhanA avirati hai| 3) pramAda AtmavismaraNa, puNya-kAryoM yA zubha kamoM ke viSaya meM anAdara bhAva, kartavya-akartavya kA smaraNa na rakhanA aura zuddha AcAra ke saMbaMdha meM sAvadhAnI na rakhanA ye- pramAda haiN| www.jainelibrary org

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291 4) kaSAya 5) yoga jaina darzana ke nava tattva karma yA saMsAra ko 'kaSa' kahate haiN| aura 'Aya' arthAta praapti| jisake kAraNa karma yA saMsAra kI prApti hotI hai, use 'kaSAya' kahate haiM / udAharaNArtha, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha - ye cAra kaSAya haiN| mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRttiyoM ko yoga kahate haiM / " Asava se karma Atma-pradeza kI ora Ate haiN| baMdha se karma Atma-: - pradeza ke sAtha saMzliSTa hote haiN| saMvara se nae karmoM kA praveza rUkatA hai, yAnI nae karmoM kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| AtmA aura karmapudgaloM kA jo punaH viyoga hotA hai, usa viyoga kI prakriyA ko nirjarA aura saMpUrNa viyoga ko mokSa kahate haiM / baMdha yaha Asrava aura nirjarA ke bIca kI sthiti hai / Asrava ke dvArA karma- pudgala Atma-pradezoM meM Ate haiM, nirjarA dvArA karma pudgala Atma-pradezoM se bAhara nikalate haiM / karma-paramANuoM kA Atma- pradeza meM AnA arthAt Asrava aura unakA alaga honA arthAt nirjarA tathA una donoM ke bIca kI sthiti ( avasthA) ko 'baMdha' kahate haiM / prathamataH karma kA Agamana AtmA meM hotA hai / bAda meM baMdha hotA hai| karma kA Agamana Asrava ke binA nahIM hotaa| isalie 'baMdha' kA mUlAdhAra yA kAraNa - Anava tattva hai / mithyAtva Adi hetuoM ke abhAva meM karma- pudgaloM kA AtmA meM praveza nahIM hotA, isalie Asrava hI baMdhotpatti kA kAraNa hai AgamoM meM baMdha ke kAraNa yAnI baMdha hetu do prakAra ke batAe gae haiM 1) rAga aura 2) dveSa / rAga aura dveSa ye karma ke bIja haiN| jo koI pApa karma haiM, ve rAga aura dveSa se hI hote haiN| TIkAkAroM ne rAga ko mAyA aura lobha kahA hai aura dveSa ko krodha aura mAna kahA hai| Agama meM yaha bhI kahA hai ki jIva ina cAra kaSAyoM ke dvArA vartamAna meM ATha karmoM ko bA~dhatA hai, bhUtakAla meM usane ATha karma bAMdhe haiM aura bhaviSyakAla meM vaha baaNdhegaa| ve cAra kaSAya haiM - 1) krodha, 2) mAna, 3) mAyA aura 4) lobha / " eka bAra gautama svAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA " jIva dvArA karma kaise bAMdhA jAtA hai?" bhagavAna ne uttara diyA " gautama! jIva do sthAnoM se karma - baMdha karatA hai - 1) rAga se aura 2) dveSa se / rAga do prakAra kA hai 1) mAyA aura 2) lobha / dveSa bhI do prakAra kA hai| 1) krodha, aura 2) mAna / " krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina cAroM kA nAma kaSAya hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki kaSAya hI karma-baMdha ke hetu haiM /

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292 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dUsarA mata aisA hai ki yoga prakRti-baMdha kA aura pradeza-baMdha kA hetu hai aura kaSAya sthiti-baMdha aura anubhAga-baMdha kA hetu hai| isa prakAra se yoga aura kaSAya ye do baMdha-hetu hai| tIsarA mata aisA hai ki mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye baMdha-hetu haiN| ina cAra baMdha-hetuoM ke sattAvana bheda hote haiN| uparyukta baMdha-hetuoM meM pramAda kA ullekha nahIM hai| Agama meM pramAda ko bhI baMdha-hetu kahA hai| (bhagavatI 1/2) umAsvAti ne bhI pramAda ko bhI baMdha-hetu mAnA haiN| karmabaMdha ke bhinna-bhinna hetuoM kA samAveza mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga - ina pA~ca baMdha-hetuoM meM hotA haiN| AtmA ko karma-baMdha se dUra rahane ke lie hI karmoM ke baMdha ke bhinna-bhinna hetu Upara batAe gae haiN| baMdha ke kAraNa jIva kI parAdhInatA : jIva aura karma ke pradezoM ke eka dUsare meM anusyUta hone ko 'baMdha' kahate haiN|" jisa prakAra mizrita dUdha aura pAnI meM pAnI kahA~ hai aura dUdha kahA~ hai, yaha dikhAyA nahIM jA sakatA, ve kevala eka hI rUpa dikhAI dete haiM, usI prakAra baMdha dazA meM jIva aura karma itane ekarUpa hue hote haiM ki kisa aMza meM jIva hai aura kisa aMza meM karma-pudgala hai, yaha batAyA nahIM jA sktaa| AtmA ke samasta pradeza karma pradezoM se Avarita rahate hai| usake ATha rUcaka pradeza ko chor3akara usakA eka bhI aMza karma se mukta nahIM rhtaa|| karmarahita jIva meM arthAt mukta jIva meM aneka svAbhAvika zaktiyA~ hotI haiM, paraMtu saMsArI jIva ananta kAla se karma se baddha hone se una zaktiyoM ko prakaTa nahIM kara pAtA hai| jIva ke sAtha karma kA baMdha hone se jIva ke sAre svAbhAvika guNa Avarita ho jAte haiN| isase AtmA parAdhIna ho jAtA hai| usakI dRSTi vizuddha nahIM hotI aura usakA jJAna pUrNa nahIM hotaa| vaha pUrNataH cAritravAna bhI nahIM ho sktaa| use aneka prakAra ke sukha-duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| use nizcita kAla taka zarIra meM rahanA par3atA hai| tathA aneka zarIra dhAraNa karane par3ate haiN| aneka gatiyoM meM bhaTakanA par3atA hai| nIca aura ucca kuloM meM janma lenA par3atA hai| usakI anaMta zakti kuMThita ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra karma ke baMdhana se jakar3A huA jIva aneka prakAra se parAdhIna hotA hai| niHsattva banatA hai aura usakA kucha bhI vaza nahIM cltaa| jIva kaSAya ke kAraNa karmayogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai, yahI baMdha hai aura yahI jIva kI parataMtratA kA kAraNa hai| dravyabaMdha aura bhAvabaMdha : do padArthoM ke viziSTa saMbaMdha ko baMdha kahA jAtA hai| baMdha ke do bheda haiM1) dravyabaMdha aura 2) bhaavbNdh|

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293 1) dravyabaMdha karmapudgala kA ( karma-samUha kA ) Atma- pradezoM ke sAtha jo saMbaMdha banatA hai, use 'dravyabaMdha' kahate haiM / dravyabaMdha meM AtmA aura karma pudgaloM kA saMyoga hotA hai / paraMtu ye do dravya eka nahIM hote, unakI svataMtra sattA banI rahatI hai / jina rAga, dveSa aura moha Adi vikArI bhAvoM se kamoM kA baMdha hotA hai, use bhAvabaMdha kahate haiM, arthAta jina caitanya pariNAmoM se karma bAMdhe jAte haiM vaha bhAvabaMdha hai / karma aura AtmA ke pradeza kA anyonya praveza yA eka dUsare meM anusyUta honA yA eka kSetrAvagAhI honA, dravyabaMdha hai / " ber3iyoM kA (bAhya) baMdhana dravyabaMdha hai aura rAga Adi vibhAvoM kA baMdhana bhAvabaMdha hai / 2) bhAvabaMdha : 4. jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jisa prakAra tila aura tela eka rUpa hote haiM usI prakAra jIva aura karma eka rUpa hote haiM / jisa prakAra dUdha meM ghI anusyUta hotA hai, usI prakAra baMdha meM jIva aura karma paraspara anusyUta hote haiN| jisa prakAra dhAtu aura agni meM tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai usI prakAra baMdha meM jIva aura karma meM tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai, jIva aura karma kA yaha pArasparika baMdha pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi haiN| jaba manuSya kisI vastu ko dekhatA hai, taba usake mana meM vicAra AtA hai ki yaha vastu kitanI sundara hai ! vaha use prApta karanA cAhatA haiM / use prApta karane ke lie apanI saMpUrNa zakti kharca karatA hai / isa bhAvanA ko 'rAga' kahate haiM pratyeka saMsArI manuSya meM cAhe vaha rAjA ho yA raMka, rAga bhAva hotA hI hai / svarga ke devatAoM meM bhI rAga-bhAva hotA hai / 1 koI vastu manuSya ko priya nahIM hotI, usake lie usake mana meM ghRNA aura tiraskAra kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai, vaha usa vastu kI tarapha dekhanA bhI nahIM cAhatA, isI bhAvanA ko 'dveSa' bhAva kahate haiN| 1 'rAga' bhAva anukUla padArtha ko apanI tarapha khIMcatA hai aura 'dveSa' bhAva pratikUla padArtha ko dUra rakhatA haiM / paraMtu ye donoM dazAe~ AtmA kI vibhAvadazAe~ haiM, svabhAvadazAe~ nahIM haiM / svabhAva dazA meM para-padArtha ke prati snehabhAva yA dveSabhAva nahIM hotA, rAga aura dveSa AtmA kA zuddha svabhAva nahIM hai| isa prakAra AtmA meM rAga, dveSa, moha Adi vibhAva dazA ke sUcaka hai, ye hI baMdha hetu haiM / karma - pudgaloM kA AtmA ke sAtha jo baMdha hotA hai, vaha dravyabaMdha hai| rAga, dveSa, moha Adi bhAvabaMdha ke samApta hone para dravyabaMdha apane Apa naSTa ho jAtA hai / rAga, dveSa, moha aura kaSAya Adi vikArI bhAvoM se karma - pudgaloM kA baMdha hotA hai, usa vibhAva dazA ( vikRta bhAva dazA) ko bhAvabaMdha kahate haiM / usa vibhAva

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294 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dazA ke kAraNa karma-pudgaloM ke AtmA ke sAtha hone vAle saMbaMdha ko 'dravyabaMdha' kahate haiN| 'baMdha' ke cAra bheda : karma-pudgala jIva dvArA grahaNa kie jAne para karmarUpa pariNamana arthAt rUpAntara ko prApta hote haiN| usI samaya unameM cAra sthitiyA~ nirmita hotI haiN| ye sthitiyA~ hI baMdha ke bheda haiN| jaise bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa Adi dvArA khAe gae ghAsa Adi kA jaba dUdha meM rUpAMtara hotA haiM, taba usameM madhuratA ke svabhAva kA nirmANa hotA hai| vaha svabhAva kucha nizcita kAla taka usI rUpa meM TikegA aisI kAla-maryAdA bhI nizcita hotI haiN| isa madhuratA ke tIvratA, mandatA Adi ke vizeSa guNa bhI hote haiM aura isa dUdha kA paudgalika parimANa bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye jAne para tathA usake Atma pradeza meM saMzleSa ko prApta hone para karma pudgaloM kI bhI cAra sthitiyA~ hotI haiN| ye haiMprakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura prdesh| ye cAra sthitiyA~ baMdha ke bheda haiM - 1) prakRtibaMdha 2) sthitibaMdha 3) anubhAga baMdha 4) prdeshbNdh|" 1) prakRti baMdha - prakRti arthAt svbhaav| "prakRtiH svabhAvaH proktaH / " payaDI ettha shaavo| jisa prakAra nIma kA svabhAva kar3avApana aura gur3a kA svabhAva mIThApana hotA hai, usI prakAra karma meM bhI ATha prakAra ke svabhAva hote haiN| inheM prakatibaMdha kahate haiN| ATha prakAra ke karma ye haiM - 1) jJAnAvaraNIya, 2) darzanAvaraNIya, 3) vedanIya, 4) mohanIya, 5) Ayu, 6) nAma, 7) gotra aura 8) aNtraay|22 jJAnAvaraNa kA svabhAva jJAna ko Avarita kara denA hai| darzanAvaraNa kA svabhAva darzana ko (sAmAnya pratibhAsarUpa zakti ko) Dhaka denA hai| vedanIya kA svabhAva jIva ko iSTa aura aniSTa padArthoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga meM sukha-duHkhoM kA vedana yA anubhavana karAne kA hai| mohanIya meM se darzanamohanIya kA svabhAva tattvArtha zraddhAna na hone dene kA aura cAritra mohanIya kA svabhAva saMyama bhAva meM bAdhaka hone kA aura rAga, dveSa Adi utpanna karane kA hai| Ayukarma kA svabhAva jIva ko kisI zarIra meM sthita rakhane kA hai| nAma karma kA svabhAva jIva ke lie aneka prakAra ke zarIra Adi banAne kA hai| gotra kA svabhAva ucca yA nIca kuloM meM jIva ko utpanna karanA hai| antarAya kA svabhAva dAnAdi kAyoM meM vighna utpanna karanA hai| karma meM isa prakAra kA svabhAva nirmANa honA yaha prakRtibaMdha hai|22 ATha koM kA vistRta vivecana bAda meM AegA hii|

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295 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jisake dvArA AtmA ko ajJAnAdi rUpa phala milatA hai, vaha prakRti hai| yaha 'prakRti' zabda kI vyutpatti hai| karma jaba AtmA dvArA grahaNa kie jAte haiM, taba unameM bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke jo svabhAva utpanna hote haiN| use hI prakRtibaMdha kahate hai| pratyeka karma kI prakRti bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| prakatibaMdha karma ke svabhAva ke anusAra hotA hai| prakati jaisI bAMdhI jAtI hai, vaisI hI udaya meM AtI hai| udaya meM AnevAlA karma jJAnAvaraNIya Adi kisa svabhAva kA hogA, yaha dikhAnA hI prakRtibaMdha hai| sAmAnya rUpa se grahaNa kie gae karma-pudgala kA jo svabhAva hotA hai use hI prakRtibaMdha kahate haiN| vaise to prakRtibaMdha kI aneka vyAkhyAe~ haiM, paraMtu una saba kA bhAvArtha eka hI hai|25 2) sthitibaMdha : pratyeka prakRti kI avasthiti kAla dvArA nApI jAtI hai| pratyeka prakRti eka viziSTa kAla taka rahatI hai aura bAda meM vilIna hotI hai| isa prakAra sthitibaMdha karma-prakRti ke kAlamAna ko nizcita karatA hai| svabhAva banane para usa svabhAva kI viziSTa samaya taka rahane kI jo maryAdA hotI hai, use 'sthitibaMdha' kahate haiN| sAmAnyatayA karma vizeSa kI AtmA ke sAtha rahane kI jo avadhi hotI hai, use 'sthitibaMdha' kahate haiN|26 jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM kA Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha baMdha hone para jaba taka ve apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3ate aura karma rUpa rahate haiM, usa kAla-maryAdA ko bhI 'sthitibaMdha' kahate hai| 27 / avasthAna-kAla kA nAma sthiti hai| gati se viparIta sthiti hotI hai| jitane samaya taka vastu rahatI hai, vaha sthiti hai| jisakA jo svabhAva hai, usase na badalanA 'sthiti' hai| jisa prakAra bakarI, gAya aura bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM ke dUdha kA apane mAdhurya-svabhAva se cyuta na honA 'sthiti' hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa Adi kamoM kA apane svabhAva se cyuta na honA 'sthiti' haiN| yoga ke kAraNa se, karma rUpa meM pariNata hue pudgala-skaMdha kA jIva meM eka rUpa se rahane ke kAla maryAdA ko 'sthiti' kahate haiN|26 Upara kI vyAkhyAe~ alaga-alaga graMthoM meM alaga-alaga rUpa meM dI huI haiM, paraMtu usa saba kA bhAvArtha eka hI hai| vaha hai - karma kI AtmA ke sAtha rahane kI avadhi 'sthitibaMdha' hai| 3) anubhAga ghaMdha : jJAnAvaraNAdi karma ke zubha-azubha rasa ko 'anubhAga baMdha' kahate haiN| vipAka ke samaya karma jisa prakAra kA rasa degA, use anubhAga baMdha kahate hai| yaha baMdha pratyeka prakRti kA apanA apanA hotA hai| jaise rasa ko jIva bA~dhatA hai, vaisA hI udaya meM AtA hai| vastutaH svabhAva-nirmiti ke sAtha hI usameM tIvratA,

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296 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva mandatA Adi rUpoM se phalAnubhava karAne vAlI vizeSatA bhI nirmita hotI hai| usa vizeSatA ko hI 'anubhAgabaMdha' kahate haiN|deg karma kA rasa zubha hai yA azubha hai, tIvra hai yA manda hai, yaha dikhAnA 'anubhAga baMdha' kA kArya hai| jisa prakAra bakarI, gAya aura bhaiMsa Adi ke dUdha meM tIvra, maMda aura madhyama rUpa meM rasa-vizeSa hotA hai, usI prakAra karma-pudgala kI tIvra yA maMda phaladAna zakti hI 'anubhAga baMdha' haiN|" rasa, anubhAga, anubhAva aura phala ye samAnArthI zabda hai| karma ke vipAka ko 'anubhAva baMdha' bhI kahate haiN| vipAka do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1) tIvra pariNAma se bA~dhe hue karma kA vipAka tIvra hotA hai aura 2) manda pariNAma se bA~dhe hue karma kA vipAka maMda hotA hai| karma jar3a hone para bhI pathya aura apathya AhAra ke samAna jIva ko apanI kriyA ke anusAra phala kI prApti hotI hai| vividha prakAra ke phala dene kI zakti ko anubhAva kahate haiN| karmAnurUpa hI usakA phala milatA hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM kA jo kaSAyAdi pariNAmajanita zubha yA azubha rasa hai, vaha 'anubhAvabaMdha' haiM athavA ATha karma aura Atma pradezoM ke paraspara ekarUpatA ke kAraNabhUta pariNAma ko anubhAga kahate haiM athavA zubhAzubha karma kI nirjarA ke samaya sukha-duHkha rUpa phala denevAlI zakti ko 'anubhAgabaMdha' kahate haiN| anubhAva (anubhAga) baMdha ke caudaha prakAra haiM, yathA sAdi, anAdi, dhruva, adhruva Adi aba ina caudaha prakAroM kI apekSA se anubhAga baMdha kA varNana Age kiyA jaavegaa| saMkSepa baddha karma kI phala dene kI zakti ke tAratamya ko hI anubhAgabaMdha kahate haiN|34 4) pradezabaMdha : pradezabaMdha karma pudgaloM kA samUha haiN| pradezabaMdha bhI prakRtibaMdha se hI hotA hai| pratyeka prakRti ke ananta pradeza hote haiN| ATha kamoM kI prakRti bhinna-bhinna hai| pratyeka karma prakRti ke ananta pradeza hote haiM aura ve jIva ke pratyeka pradeza ke sAtha vizeSa rUpa se saMyukta hote haiN| karmarAzi kA grahaNa hone para bhinna-bhinna svabhAva meM rUpAMtarita hone vAlI yaha karmarAzi svabhAva ke anusAra viziSTa parimANa meM vibhakta hotI hai| yaha parimANa vibhAga arthAt mAtrA hI 'pradezabaMdha' hai|5 jo pudgala skaMdha karmarUpa se pariNata hue hai, unakA paramANu rUpa se parimANa nirdhArita karanA ki 'itane paramANu bAMdhe gae' yaha 'pradezabaMdha' haiN|6 dUsare zabdoM meM karmavargaNA kI athavA karma paramANuoM kI hInAdhikatA ko 'pradezabaMdha' kahate haiN| karmavargaNA ke pudgala-dalika jisa parimANa meM baMdhate haiM, use parimANa ko 'pradezabaMdha' kahate haiM athavA karma ke dala saMcaya (karmapudgala ke parimANa) athavA karma aura AtmA ke saMzleSa ko 'pradezabaMdha' kahate haiN|

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297 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva AtmA ke asaMkhya pradeza hote haiN| ina asaMkhya pradezoM meM se eka-eka pradeza para anantAnanta karma-vargaNAoM kA saMgraha honA 'pradezabaMdha' hai| jIva ke pradezoM aura pudgala ke pradezoM kA eka kSetrAvagAhI hokara sthita honA 'pradezabaMdha' hai| jo ghanAMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke samAna eka kSetra meM sthita haiM, jinakI eka, do, tIna Adi samaya se lekara asaMkhyAta samaya kI sthiti hai, jo uSNa aura zIta tathA rukSa aura snigdha sparza se sahita hai, samasta varNa aura rasarahita hai, sabhI karma-prakRtiyoM ke yogya hai, puNya-pApa ke bheda se do prakAra ke hai, sUkSma hai, jo samasta Atma-pradezoM meM anaMtAnaMta pradezoM sahita hai, aise skaMdha rUpa yA pudgala, kArmaNavargaNAoM ke paramANu samUha ko yaha jIva jo apane adhIna karatA hai, vaha 'pradezabaMdha' haiN|" cAroM prakAra ke baMdha ko saMkSepa meM isa prakAra kaha sakate hai - karma ke svabhAva ko 'prakRtibaMdha' kahate haiN| jJAnAvaraNAdi kamoM kA kAla vizeSa taka apane svabhAva se cyuta na honA 'sthitibaMdha' hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi karmarUpa hone vAle pudgala skaMdha kI paramANu saMkhyA ko 'pradezabaMdha' kahate haiM, aura unake rasa kI tIvratA yA maMdatA anubhAga baMdha haiN| ina cAra prakAra ke baMdhoM meM prakRti aura pradezabaMdha yoga ke nimatta se hote haiM tathA sthiti aura anubhAga baMdha kaSAya ke nimitta se hote haiN| yoga aura kaSAya ke tara-tama bhAvoM se baMdha bhI meM tara-tamatA AtI hai| ye cAroM baMdha sUMTha, methI Adi vastue~ ekatrita rake unase banAe hue laDDU ke dRSTAnta se bhI samajhAye jAte haiN| ye laDDU khAne se vAta Adi vikAra dUra ho jAte haiM, yaha unakI prakRti yA svabhAva huaa| ye laDDU jitane dina Tikate haiM, utanI unakI kAlamaryAdA hai| yaha sthiti hai| ye laDDU kar3ave, mIThe hote hai, yaha unakA rasa (svAda) anubhAga huaa| kucha laDDU bar3e, kucha choTe hote haiM, yaha unakA parimANa, mAtrA yA pradeza hai| laDDU meM jaisI ye cAra bAteM batAI haiM, usa prakAra kamoM ke baMdha meM bhI ye cAra bAteM hotI hai| ise hI cAra prakAra kA baMdha kahate haiN| ve haiM - 1) prakRti-arthAt karma kA svabhAva 2) sthiti arthAt karma kI kAla maryAdA 3) anubhAga arthAt karma kA rasa yA tIvratA-maMdatA aura 4) pradeza arthAt karma kA primaann| prakati-baMdha ke (karma ke) ATha bheda : karma prakRti-baMdha ke nimnalikhita ATha bheda haiM - 1) jJAnAvaraNIya, 2) darzanAvaraNIya, 3) vedanIya, 4) mohanIya, 5) AyuSya, 6) nAma, 7) gotra aura 8) aNtraay| pratyeka karma kaise bAMdhA jAtA hai, usakA phala kaise bhoganA par3atA hai aura usa karma kA kSaya kaise hotA hai, yaha saba jAna lene para hameM mukti -mArga kA bodha hotA hai|

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jJAnAvaraNIya karma, darzanAvaraNIya karma, vedanIya karma aura aMtarAya karma ye cAra karma jIva ko - jaise bA~dhe gae hoMge, vaise hI bhogane par3ate haiN| karma kA udaya hone para jIva ko sukha yA duHkha hotA hai| karma ke udaya ke binA sukha yA duHkha nahIM hotaa| jo karma zubha pariNAma se bAMdhA hogA, vaha zubha rUpa se udaya meM aaegaa| 1) jJAnAvaraNIya karma : jJAnarUpI guNa ko DhakanevAlA karma jJAnAvaraNa athavA jJAnAvaraNIya hai| jo karma jJAna nahIM hone detA, use jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| jisa prakAra A~khoM para paTTI bAMdhane se vastu dikhAI nahIM detI, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya karma jJAna ko Avarita karatA hai, jJAna nahIM hone detaa| jJAnAvaraNIya karma nimna chaha prakAra se bAMdhA jAtA hai - 1) jJAna aura jJAnI vyakti kI nindA karane se, jJAna kA nihnava (apalApa) karane se, jJAna athavA jJAnI vyakti kI AsAtanA (avinaya) karane se, jJAna-prApti meM vighna DAlane se, jJAna athavA jJAnI vyakti ke prati dveSabhAva rakhane se, jJAnI vyakti ke sAtha visaMvAda yAnI jhagar3A karane se, ina chaha prakAroM se bAMdhe hue jJAnAvaraNa karma kA phala dasa prakAroM se bhogA jAtA hai| ve aise - 1) matijJAnAvaraNa : nirmala matijJAna kI prApti na honaa| zrutajJAnAvaraNa : zrutajJAna kI prApti na honaa| avadhijJAnAvaraNa : avadhi jJAna kI prApti na honaa| manaparyAya jJAnAvaraNaH manaHparyAya jJAna kI prApti na honaa| kevalajJAnAvaraNa : kevalajJAna kI prApti na honaa| baharA ho jAnA, aMdhA ho jAnA, sUMghane kI zakti prApta na honA, 6) gUMgA honA 10) sparzendriya kI zakti na honaa| 2) darzanAvaraNIya karma : AtmA ke darzana guNa ko rokane vAlA karma 'darzanAvaraNIya karma' hai| jo darzana arthAta anubhUti meM bAdhaka banatA hai, vaha darzanAvaraNIya karma hai| jisa prakAra dvArapAla rAjA kA darzana nahIM hone detA, usI prakAra yaha karma sAmAnya bodha nahIM hone detaa| yaha karma bhI jJAnAvaraNa karma ke samAna chaha prakAroM se bAMdhA jAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNa karma ke baMdha meM jJAna aura

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299 jJAnecchukoM kA kathana hotA hai aura darzanAvaraNa ke baMdha meM darzana aura darzanecchukoM kA kathana hotA hai| / - 1) jaise darzana aura darzanecchukoM kI nindA karanA, Adi / darzanAvaraNIya karma nau prakAroM se bhogA jAtA hai| cakSudarzanAvaraNIya karma, acakSudarzanAvaraNIya karma, avadhidarzanAvaraNIya karma, kevaladarzanAvaraNIya karma, nidrA (sahaja AnevAlI nIMda) pracalA (baiThe-baiThe AnevAlI nIMda) pracalApracalA ( calate-calate Ane vAlI nIMda ) nidrA - nidrA ( kaSTa se khulanevAlI nidrA) styAnagRddhi (dina meM socA huA kArya nIMda meM krnaa| aise samaya mRtyu Ane para naraka -gati prApta hotI haiM / ) 1deg 50 jaina darzana ke nava tattva 3) vedanIya karma : " jisase sukha-duHkha kA anubhava AtA hai, vaha vedanIya karma hai / vedanIya karma kA svabhAva madhu se lipaTI huI teja talavAra ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra madhu se lipaTI huI talavAra ko cATane para vaha mIThI to lagatI hai, lekina jivhA ko kATatI bhI hai, usI prakAra vedanIya karma sukha-duHkha kA anubhava detA hai / isake do bheda haiM 1) sAtAvedanIya karma aura 2) asAtAvedanIya karma / yaha dasa prakAroM se bAMdhA jAtA hai 1) prANAnukampA : 2) bhUtAnukampA : 3) jIvAnukampA : 4) satvAnukampA : 5) prANI, jIva, satva aura bhUtoM ko duHkha na dene se / 6) unheM zoka na dene se / - 7) unheM takalIpha na dene se / 8) anya jIvoM ko nahIM rulAne se / 6) nahIM mArane se / do indriyoM, tIna indriyoM yA cAra indriyA~ hone vAle jIvoM para dayA yA anukampA karane se / vanaspatikAya ke jIvoM para dayA yA anukampA karane se hone vAlI / paMcedriya jIvoM kI hiMsA na karane se, unake duHkhoM ko dUra karane se, unheM sukha dene se I pRthvIkAya, apakAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, jIvoM kA rakSaNa karane se /

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300 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 10) paritApa nahIM dene se| __ Upara likhe dasa kAraNoM se baMdhe hue sAtAvedanIya karmoM kA zubha phala isa . prakAra milatA hai - manojJa zabda, manojJa rUpa, manojJa gaMdha, manojJa sparza kI prApti honA, mana meM khuzI honA, vANI madhura honA, kAyA nirogI aura suMdara prApta honA- aise zubha phala milate haiN| asAtAvedanIya karma kA baMdha bAraha prakAroM se hotA hai - 1) paradukkhaNAe, 2) parasoyaNayAe, 3) parajhUraNAe, 4) paratippaNayAe, 5) parapiTTaNayAe, 6) parapariyAvaNayAe, 7) bahUNaM pANANaM bhUyANaM jIvANaM sattANaM dukkhaNayAe, 8) soyaNayAe, 6) jhUraNayAe, 10) tippaNayAe, 11) piTTaNayAe, 12) pariyAvaNayAe arthAta prANI, bhUta jIva aura satva ko duHkha denA, unheM zoka utpanna karanA, rUlAnA, jhurAnA, paritApa denA, mAranA- ye chaha kArya sAmAnya rUpa se kie hoM aura ye hI chaha kArya vizeSa rUpa se kie ho to ina bAraha prakAroM se asAtAvedanIya kamoM kA baMdha hotA hai| asAtAvedanIya kamoM ke azubha phala ATha prakAra se bhoge jAte haiN| usameM ye pariNAma prApta hote haiM - 1) amanojJa zabda, 2) amanojJa rUpa, 3) amanojJa gaMdha, 4) amanojJa rasa, 5) amanojJa sparza, 6) mana kA udAsa rahanA, 7) vacana kA karkaza honA, 8) zarIra rogI aura kurUpa honA - ye ATha prakAra sAtAvedanIya ke udaya ke viparIta haiN|2 4) mohanIya karma : samyaktva aura cAritra guNoM kA ghAta karane vAlA karma 'mohanIya karma' hai| mohanIya kA svabhAva madirA jaisA hai| jisa prakAra madirA jIva ko bemAna kara detI hai, usI prakAra mohanIya karma jIva ke viveka ko naSTa kara detA hai| mohanIya karma nimna chaha kAraNoM se bAMdhA jAtA hai - 1) tIvra krodha, 2) tIvra mAna, 3) tIvra mAyA, 4) tIvra lobha, 5) tIvra darzanamohanIya - dharma ke nAma para adharma kA AcaraNa karanA aura 6) tIvra cAritramohanIya - cAritravAna ke jaisA veza dhAraNa karake cAritrahIna ke samAna AcaraNa krnaa| mohanIya karma pA~ca prakAroM se bhogA jAtA hai : samyaktvamohanIya arthAt samyaktva kI malinatA honA, mithyAtva kI tIvratA honA, samyagmithyAdRSTi (mizradRSTi) prApta honA, kaSAya vedanIya (kaSAya cAritramohanIya) arthAta krodha Adi cAra kaSAyayukta honA yA aMnatAnubaMdhI Adi solaha kaSAyoM se yukta honaa|

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301 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 5) nokaSAya vedanIya (nokaSAya cAritramohanIya) arthAt hAsya Adi nau nokaSAyayukta honaa| isa prakAra pA~ca prakAra se athavA vistAra se kahane para tIna darzana-mohanIya, nau nokaSAyamohanIya aura solaha kaSAya-mohanIya, isa prakAra aTThAIsa prakAra se mohanIya karma kA phala bhogA jAtA haiN|" 5) Ayukarma : jo karma jIva ko kisI gati vizeSa meM zarIra vizeSa se bAMdhe rakhatA hai, use Ayu karma kahate haiN| jisase bhava dhAraNA hotI hai arthAt janma hotA hai, vaha Ayu karma hai| Ayu karma kA svabhAva hathakar3I ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra hathakar3iyA~ sajA kI avadhi taka bAMdhe hue rakhatI hai, usI prakAra Ayu karma bhI Ayu kI samApti taka jIva ko zarIra vizeSa se bAMdha kara rakhatA hai| Ayu karma ke cAra bheda haiM - 1) narakAyu, 2) tiryacAyu, 3) manuSyAyu aura, 4) devaayu|'6 inameM se narakAyu karma kA baMdha nimnalikhita cAra kAraNoM se hotA hai - 1) mahAraMbha karane se arthAt jisameM SaTkAya jIvoM kI hamezA hiMsA hotI hai aisA kArya karane se, mahA-parigraha arthAt prabala lAlasA athavA tRSNA rakhane se, madya-mAMsa kA sevana karane se, 4) paMcendriya jIvoM kA ghAta karane se| tiryaMcAyu karma kA baMdha ina cAra kAraNoM se hotA hai - 1) kapaTasahita jhUTha bolane se| 2) ati dagAbAjI karane se| 3) asatya bhASaNa karane se| jhUThA nApa taula karane se| manuSya kI Ayu cAra kAraNoM se bAMdhI jAtI hai - 1) svabhAva kI saralatA, niSkapaTatA, RjutA honaa| 2) svabhAva meM vinayazIlatA honA, 3) jIvadayA krnaa| IrSyA, dveSa Adi se rahita honaa| devoM kI Ayu bhI cAra kAraNoM se bAMdhI jAtI hai - 1) saMyama kA pAlana karanA, paraMtu zarIra aura ziSya ke prati mamatva rkhnaa| 2) zrAvaka ke vratoM kA pAlana krnaa| 3) bAlatapa arthAt jJAnahIna tapa krnaa|

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302 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva akAma-nirjarA arthAt paravaza hokara duHkha sahana karanA, paraMtu samabhAva rkhnaa| isa prakAra solaha kAraNoM se cAra AyuoM kA baMdha hotA hai| usakA phala hai una AyuoM kI prApti honA hai| 6) nAmakarma : jisa karma se jIva ke zarIra kI nirmiti hotI hai, vaha 'nAma-karma' hai| jisase viziSTa gati, jAti Adi kI prApti hotI hai, use 'nAma-karma' kahate haiN| nAma-karma kA svabhAva citrakAra jaisA hai| jisa prakAra citrakAra aneka AkAra banAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha karma manuSya, tiryaMca Adi ke zarIra banAtA hai| nAma-karma ke do bheda haiM - 1) zubha nAmakarma aura 2) azubha nAmakarma 1) zubha nAmakarma : zubha nAmakarma kA baMdha cAra prakAra se hotA hai - 1) kAyA kI saralatA sa 2) bhASA kI saralatA se 3) mana kI saralatA se 4) visaMvAda - jhagar3e se dUra rahakara pravRtti karane se zubha nAma karma kA phala nimnalikhita caudaha prakAra se milatA hai| 1) iSTa zabda, 2) iSTa rUpa, 3) iSTa gaMdha, 4) iSTa rasa, 5) iSTa sparza, 6) manojJa gati, 7) sukhada AyuSya, 8) manojJa lAvaNya-sauMdarya, 6) iSTa yazokIrti, 10) iSTa utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSArtha aura parAkrama - (kisI bhI vastu ko prApta karane ke lie tatpara honA utthAna hai| use lene ke lie jAnA karma hai| usa vastu ko lenA bala hai| use lekara ThIka taraha se dhAraNa karanA yaha vIrya hai| use yogya sthAna para pahu~cAnA yaha parAkrama hai, puruSArtha hai|), 11) madhura svara, 12) vallabha-kAnta svara, 13) priya svara aura 14) manojJa svr| isa prakAra zubha nAma karma ke udaya se cIva ko ina caudaha prakAra ke phaloM kI prApti hotI hai| 2) azubha nAmakarma : yaha karma cAra prakAra se bAMdhA jAtA hai - 1) kAyA kI vakratA - zarIra dvArA kisI kA burA krnaa| 2) bhASA kI vakratA vacana dvArA kisI kA burA krnaa| 3) mana kI vakratA mana dvArA kisI kA burA cintana krnaa| 4) visaMvAda karane se jhagar3A karane se| azubha nAma-karma kA phala nIce likhe caudaha prakAroM se bhoganA par3atA hai| 1) aniSTa zabda, 2) aniSTa rUpa, 3) aniSTa gaMdha, 4) aniSTa rasa, 5) aniSTa sparza, 6) aniSTa gati-cAla, 7) aniSTa sthiti, 8) aniSTa lAvaNya-kurUpatA, 6)

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303 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva apayaza-apakIrti, 10) aniSTa utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, purUSArtha, parAkrama, 11) hIna svara, 12) dIna svara, 13) aniSTa svara aura 14) akAnta svara-apriya zabda60 7) gotra karma : jisa karma ke udaya se pratiSThita yA apratiSThita kula meM janma hotA hai, vaha gotra karma hai athavA jisase ucca-nIca avasthA prApta hotI hai, use 'gotra karma' kahate haiN| gotra karma kA svabhAva kumhAra ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra kuMbhakAra choTe bar3e aneka prakAra ke kuMbha banAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha karma ucca-nIca pariveza prApta karA detA haiN|62 gotra karma do prakAra kA hai - 1. ucca gotra aura 2. nIca gotra63 ucca gotra : isa gotra kA baMdha nimnalikhita ATha bAtoM kA abhimAna nahIM karane se hotA hai| (1) jAti, (2) kula, (3) bala, (4) rUpa, (5) tapasyA, (6) zrutajJAna, (7) lAbha aura (8) aishvry| ucca gotra kA phala nIce likhe ATha prakAra se milatA hai| (1) uttama jAti prApta honA, (2) uttama kula prApta honA, (3) viziSTa bala kI prApti honA, (4) viziSTa rUpa kI prApti honA, (5) tapa meM zUra-vIratA AnA, (6) zruti meM vidvAn honA, (7) icchita vastu kA lAbha honA aura (8) viziSTa aizvarya kI prApti honaa| nIca gotra : yaha gotra karma ATha prakAra se bAMdhA jAtA hai| ucca gotra ke baMdha ke kAraNoM ke viparIta ATha prakAra kA abhimAna karane se nIca gotra kA baMdha hotA hai arthAt tapa, jJAnAdi ATha bAtoM kA abhimAna karane se nIca gotra kA baMdha hotA hai| inakA phala bhI ucca gotra ke viparIta ATha prakAra se bhogA jAtA hai| ucca gotra ke phalasvarUpa jo jAti, kula bala Adi kI uccatA prApta hotI hai, unakI hI hInatA nIca gotra ke phalasvarUpa prApta hotI hai|65 8) antarAya karma : dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya meM vidhna paidA karane vAlA karma 'aMtarAya karma' hai| jo dAna, lAbha Adi meM aMtarAya (vidhna) DAlatA hai, use aMtarAya karma kahate haiN|6|| antarAya karma kA svabhAva rAjA ke khajAMcI ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra rAjA kI icchA ke binA rAjA kA khajAMcI dAna nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra antarAya karma dAna Adi dene nahIM detaa|

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304 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva . is in x si antarAya karma pA~ca prakAra se bAMdhA jAtA hai1. koI dAna detA ho, to use dene na denA, kisI ke lAbha meM vidhna paidA karanA, khAne-pIne Adi vastuoM ke bhoga meM vidhna paidA karanA, vastra-AbhUSaNa Adi vastuoM ke upabhoga meM vidhna paidA karanA, vIryAntarAya - kisI ko dharmadhyAna na karane denA athavA saMyama na lene denaa| ina pA~ca kAraNoM se baMdhe hue antarAya karma kA azubha phala unake baMdha ke anusAra hI pA~ca prakAra se bhoganA par3atA hai| yathA - 1. dAnAntarAya - dAna dene meM vighna upasthita karane para dAna nahIM diyA jA sktaa| 2. lAbhAntarAya - lAbha meM vighna karane se lAbha kI prApti nahIM ho paatii| 3. bhogAntarAya - bhoga meM vighna lAne se bhoga kI prApti nahIM hone paatii| 4. upabhogAntarAya - upabhoga meM vighna lAne se upabhoga kI prApti nahIM hone / paatii| 5. vIryAntarAya - dharmadhyAna, tapa Adi meM vighna DAlane se unameM bAdhA AtI hai|67 jJAnAvaraNa ke pA~ca, darzanAvaraNa ke nau, vedanIya ke do, mohanIya ke aTThAIsa, Ayu-karma ke cAra, nAma-karma ke bayAlIsa, gotra ke do, aura antarAya ke pA~ca aise inake uttarabheda haiN| isa prakAra ATha prakAra ke kamoM ke baMdha ke kAraNa kA aura unake phala kA vivecana huaa| inakA vivekapUrvaka vicAra karake, karma kA baMdha nahIM ho isa rIti se vyavahAra karanA caahie| jisa vyakti meM itanI zakti nahIM use kama se kama azubha karma se to dUra rahanA caahie| ye bAMdhe hue karma nizcita rUpa se udaya meM Ate haiN| ve udaya meM Ae binA nahIM raha sakate, aura unakA phala bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| udaya meM Akara phala dene ke bAda karma nirjINa hokara apane Apa Atma-pradeza se dUra ho jAte hai| jaba taka phala dene kA kAla nahIM AtA, taba taka bAMdhe hue karma ke phala kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai| jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa moha hotA hai, dUsare moha kA kAraNa sukhada-duHkhada saMvedana bhI hai| isalie ve mohanIya ke pUrva rakhe gye| usake bAda AyuSya karma AtA hai| AyuSya karma zarIra ke sivAya bhogA

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305 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva nahIM jA sakatA, isalie AyuSya karma ke bAda nAma karma rakhA gayA hai| nAma karma kA udaya hone para usake sAtha hI ucca nIca gotra kA udaya hotA hI hai| isalie nAma-karma ke bAda gotra-karma kA sthAna hai| yA ucca gotra kA udaya hone para anukrama se dAna, lAbha Adi antarAyoM kA udaya aura vinAza hotA hai| isalie gotra karma ke bAda antarAya karma AtA hai| karma : karma zabda ke aneka artha haiN| kAraNa, kriyA aura jIva se baddha aise viziSTa jAti ke pudgala skNdh| kAraka yaha zabda suprasiddha hai, kriyAoM ke bhI aneka prakAra haiM, parantu tIsare prakAra kA pudgala karma vizeSa prasiddha nahIM hai| kevala jaina siddhAnta hI usakA vizeSa prakAra se vivecana karatA hai| vastutaH karma kA maulika artha to kriyA hI hai| jIva mana, vacana aura kAyA ke dvArA kucha na kucha karatA rahatA hai| usakI sabhI kriyAe~ karma haiM; mana, vacana aura kAyA - ye usake tIna dvAra haiN| ise hI jIvakarma yA bhAvakarma kahate haiN| isI bhAvakarma se prabhAvita hokara kucha sUkSma jar3a pudgala skaMdha jIva ke Atma pradezoM meM praveza karate haiN| usase baddha hote haiN| yaha bAta kevala jaina Agama hI kahate haiN| ina sUkSma skaMdhoM ko ajIva karma yA dravyakarma kahate haiN| jaise jaise jIvakarma karate rahate haiM, vaise vaise svabhAva ke dravyakarma ke sAtha baMdha jAte haiM aura jo kucha kAla pazcAt paripakva dazA ko prApta hokara udaya meM Ate haiN|74 'karma' zabda kI vyutpattiyA~ : saMskRta meM 'karma' zabda kI aneka vyutpattiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| kahA gayA hai "jIva parataMtrIkurvanti -iti krmaanni| arthAt jIva ko jo parataMtra karatA hai, vaha krm| yA "jIvena mithyAdarzanAdipariNAmeH kriyante -iti karmANi" arthAt mithyAdarzana Adi rUpa pariNAmoM se yukta hokara jIva dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai vaha karma hai| prAkRta bhASA meM karma kI isa prakAra kI vyutpatti batAI gaI hai - 'kIrai jIveNa jeNa heuhiM taM. A bhaNNae kamma' - arthAt mithyAtva, avirati Adi hetuoM se jIva dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai aura jisase kArmaNa vargaNA ke pudgala AtmA ke sAtha mila jAte haiM, vahI karma hai| Upara kI vyutpattioM ke alAvA bhI karma zabda kI aneka vyutpattiyA~ haiN| paraMtu unase maulika artha nahIM nikltaa| Upara jo do prakAra kI vyutpattiyA~ kahI gaI haiM; unase nimnalikhita do bAteM samajha meM AtI haiM - 1. pahalI vyutpatti se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki karma meM jIva ko parataMtra banAne kA svabhAva hai|

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306 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 2. dUsarI vyutpatti se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jIva kA svabhAva mithyAtva Adi se yukta hokara parataMtra hone kA hai| manuSya ko unmatta banAnA yaha madirA kA svabhAva hai aura madirA se unmatta bananA yaha manuSya kA svabhAva hai| usI prakAra jIva ko rAga-dveSa Adi rUpoM meM pariNata karA denA yaha karma kA svabhAva hai aura rAga, dveSa Adi rUpoM meM pariNata honA yaha jIva kA svabhAva hai| karma aura jIva kA jaba taka saMbaMdha rahegA taba taka jIva vibhAvarUpa meM pariNati kregaa| 'karma' zabda ke vividha artha : 'karma' yaha zabda loka vyavahAra aura zAstrIya ina donoM arthoM se prasiddha hai| usake aneka artha hote haiN| sAmAnya loga apane vyavahAra meM 'kAma-dhaMdhA' yA 'vyavasAya' isa artha se 'karma' zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| zAstra meM usakA eka hI artha nahIM hai| khAnA, pInA, calanA Adi kisI bhI halacala ke lie -phira vaha jIva kI ho yA ajIva kI - 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| karmakANDI mImAMsaka yajJa- yAga Adi kriyAoM ke artha meM karma zabda kA vyavahAra karate haiN| smArta vidvAna brAhmaNa Adi cAra vaNoM aura brahmacarya Adi cAra AzramoM ke niyama yA kartavyoM ke isa artha meM paurANika loga vrata- niyama Adi dhArmika kriyAoM ke artha meM aura vaizeSika utkSepaNa Adi pA~ca kamoM ke artha meM 'karma' zabda kA vyavahAra karate haiN| jaina darzana meM 'karma' zabda jisa artha meM prayukta hotA hai, usI artha ke yA usase milane vAle artha ke kucha zabda jainetara darzanoM meM bhI milate hai, yathA mAyA, avidyA, prakRti, apUrva, vAsanA, Azaya, dharma-adharma, adRSTa, daiva, saMskAra, bhAgya aadi| mAyA, avidyA aura prakRti ye tIna zabda vedAnta darzana meM milate haiN| inakA mUla artha karIba karIba vahI hai, jise caina darzana meM 'bhAva-karma' kahate haiN| 'apUrva' yaha zabda mImAMsA darzana meM milatA hai| 'vAsanA' yaha zabda bauddha darzana meM to prasiddha hai hI paraMtu yoga darzana meM bhI usakA upayoga dikhAI detA hai| 'Azaya' yaha zabda vizeSataH yoga aura sAMkhya darzana meM milatA hai| dharma-adharma, adRSTa aura saMsAra inakA prayoga nyAya, vaizeSika darzanoM ke samAna hI anya darzanoM meM bhI milatA hai| daiva, bhAgya, puNya-pApa Adi kucha aise zabda haiM jo saba darzanoM meM milate haiN| jo darzana AtmavAdI haiM aura punarjanma mAnate haiM, unheM punarjanma kI siddhi yA upapatti ke lie karma mAnanA hI par3atA hai| una darzanoM kI bhinna-bhinna avadhAraNAoM ke kAraNa yA vaicArika matabheda ke kAraNa, karma kA svarUpa

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307 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva alaga-alaga dikhAI dene para bhI sAre AtmavAdiyoM ne kisI na kisI nAma se karma ko svIkAra avazya kiyA hai, isameM koI zaMkA nahIM haiN| karma-siddhAnta : jaina darzana ko samajhane ke liye usake "karma-siddhAnta" ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| yaha sunizcita hai ki saba darzana aura tattvajJAnoM kA AdhAra AtmA hai aura AtmA kI alaga-alaga sthitiyA~, usake svarUpa ke vaiziSTaya aura usakI parivartanazIla avasthAoM ke rahasyoM kA digdarzana "karma-siddhAnta" karAtA hai, isalie jaina darzana kA samyak Akalana karane ke lie "karma-siddhAnta" ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai|| jaina darzana ke saMpUrNa cintana, manana aura vivecana kA AdhAra AtmA hai| AtmA sarvataMtra svataMtra zakti hai| apane bhaviSya kA nirmAtA bhI vahI hai aura usakA phala bhoganevAlA bhI vahI hai aura amUrta tathA paramavizuddha hai, parantu vaha zarIra ke sAtha mUrta banakara azuddha avasthA meM saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| svayaM paramAnandasvarUpa hokara bhI sukha-duHkha ke cakra meM dhUma rahA hai| ajara-amara hokara bhI janma-mRtyu ke pravAha meM baha rahA hai| sabase bar3A Azcarya to yaha hai ki jo AtmA parama zakti saMpanna hai, vahI dIna, hIna, duHkhI aura daridra banakara saMsAra meM yAtanA aura kaSTa bhoga rahA hai| aisA kyoM? jaina darzana isa kAraNa kA vivecana karate hue kahatA hai ki AtmA ko saMsAra meM bhaTakAne vAlA karma hai| karma hI janma-maraNa kA mUla hai| 'kammaM ca jAI maraNasrA mUlaM' bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha kathana pUrNataH satya aura yathArtha hai| kamoM ke kAraNa hI yaha jIva vizva ke raMgamaMca para vividha evaM vicitra abhinaya karatA rahA hai| IzvaravAdI darzanoM ne isa vizva-vaicitrya kA aura sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa Izvara ko mAnA hai, kintu jaina darzana ne vizva-vaicitrya kA kAraNa mUlataH jIva aura usake "karma" ko mAnA hai| karma svataMtra zakti nahIM hai, vaha svayaM pudgala hai jar3a hai| parantu rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa AtmA jo karma karatA hai, ve itane balavAna aura zakti sampanna banate haiM ki kartA ko bhI apane baMdhana meM bAMdha lete haiN| mAlika ko bhI naukara ke samAna nacAte haiN| yaha karma kI bar3I vicitra zakti hai| jIvana aura jagata ke samasta parivartanoM kA mukhya kAraNa kyA hai? unakA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai? karma ke vividha pariNAma kaise hote haiM, yaha sabhI bar3e gambhIra prazna hai|07 jIva karma dvArA ajJAnI banatA hai aura karma se hI jJAnI banatA hai| karma se hI sulAyA jAtA hai, aura karma se hI jAgRta kiyA jAtA hai| karma se hI sukhI hotA hai aura karma se hI duHkhI hotA hai| jo kucha hotA hai, vaha saba karma se hI

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308 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hotA hai| karma ke kAraNa mithyAtva aura asaMyama prApta hotA hai evaM unake nimitta se hI jIva triloka meM paribhramaNa bhI karatA hai| paM. baladeva upAdhyAya likhate haiM - vizva kI naitika suvyavasthA kA mUla kAraNa karma-siddhAnta hai, yaha bAta hareka darzana mAnatA hai| jo kucha kArya hama apane prayatnoM se karate haiM, usakA phala avazya milatA hai| usakA nAza kisI bhI taraha se nahIM hotaa| jisakA phala hama abhI bhogate haiM, vaha pUrvajanma meM kie hue karma kA hI phala hai| vaha kAraNa ke binA utpanna nahIM hotaa| karma-siddhAnta kA yahI tAtparya hai ki isa vizva meM apanI icchA ke anusAra kucha nahIM hotaa| saba ora naitika suvyavasthA kA sAmrAjya hai| karma-siddhAnta ko aMgIkAra karane para hI manuSya kI AMtarika zakti kA vikAsa ho sakatA hai| karma-saMkramaNa : eka prakAra ke karma paramANuoM kI sthiti Adi kA dUsare prakAra ke karma-paramANuoM kI sthiti Adi meM parivartana yA pariNamana honA hI "karma-saMkramaNa" hai| dUsare zabdoM meM zubha kamoM kA azubha karma meM aura azubha karma kA zubha karma meM parivartana honA hI 'karma-saMkramaNa' hai| bhAva zuddhi ke kAraNa azubha kamoM kA saMkramaNa zubha kamoM meM ho sakatA hai| saMkramaNa ke cAra bheda haiM - 1. prakRti saMkramaNa 2. sthiti saMkramaNa 3. anubhAga saMkramaNa 4. pradeza saMkramaNa yaha saMkramaNa aSTa mUla prakRtiyoM kI uttara prakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai, mUla prakRtiyoM meM nahIM hotaa| saMkramaNa sajAtIya prakRtiyoM meM hotA hai, vijAtIya prakRtiyoM meM nahIM hotaa| sajAtIya prakRti ke saMkramaNa meM bhI kucha apavAda haiN| jaise AyuSya karma kI narakAyu Adi cAroM AyuoM meM paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA aura isI prakAra darzana mohanIya tathA cAritra mohanIya meM bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotaa| karmabaMdha prakriyA ___ jaina darzana meM karmabaMdha prakriyA kA suvyavasthita varNana kiyA gayA hai| yoga aura kaSAya ke kAraNa karmabaMdha hotA hai| yoga arthAt mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika prvRtti| kaSAya arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi mAnasika aaveg| yahIM se karmabaMdha kI prakriyA zurU hotI hai| triloka meM aisA eka bhI sthAna nahIM jahA~ karmayogya pudgalaparamANu vidyamAna nahIM ho| ___ jaba prANI apane mana, vacana yA kAyA kI pravRttiyoM ke dvArA kisI bhI prakAra kI pravRtti karatA hai, taba cAroM tarapha se karmayogya pudgala-paramANu AkRSTa hote haiN| jitane kSetra meM usake Atma pradeza vidyamAna rahate haiM, utane pradeza meM www.jainelibrare org

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309 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vidyamAna karma paramANu usake dvArA usa samaya grahaNa kie jAte haiN| pravRtti kI tara-tamatA ke anusAra saMkhyA meM bhI tAratamya dikhAI detA hai| pravRtti meM parimANa meM Adhikya hone para paramANuoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI adhikatA hotI hai| usI taraha pravRtti ke parimANa meM nyUnatA hone para unakI saMkhyA meM bhI nyUnatA hotI hai| gRhIta pudgala-paramANuoM ke samUha kA karmarUpa se AtmA ke sAtha baddha honA ise jaina karmavAda kI paribhASA meM 'pradeza baMdha' kahA jAtA hai| inhIM paramANuoM kI jJAnAvaraNa (jina kamoM se AtmA kI jJAna-zakti Avarita hotI hai) Adi aneka rUpoM meM pariNati hotI hai| ise 'prakRti baMdha' kahA jAtA hai| pradeza-baMdha meM karma-paramANuoM kA parimANa abhipreta hotA hai| prakRti-baMdha meM karma-paramANuoM ke svabhAva para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| bhinna-bhinna svabhAva ke kamoM kI bhinna-bhinna paramANu saMkhyA hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM aisA kahA jAegA ki vibhinna karma-prakRtiyoM ke vibhinna karma-pradeza hote haiN| jaina karma-zAstra meM isa prazna para bhI kAphI prakAza DAlA gayA hai ki karma-prakRtiyoM ke kitane pradeza hote haiM aura unakA tulanAtmaka mUlyamApana kyA hai? karmarUpa se gRhIta pudgalaparamANuoM ke karma-phala kA kAla aura vipAka kI tIvratA-mandatA inakA nizcaya AtmA ke adhyavasAya arthAt kaSAya kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke anusAra hotA hai| karmavipAka kA kAla tathA vipAka kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke nizcaya ko kramazaH sthitibaMdha aura anubhAgabaMdha kahate haiN| kaSAya ke abhAva meM karma-paramANu AtmA ke sAtha saMbaddha nahIM raha skte| - jisa prakAra sUkhe vastra para dhUla cipakatI nahIM, kevala sparza karake alaga hotI hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM kaSAya kI ArdratA na hone para karma-paramANu usase saMbaddha nahIM hote, kevala sparza karake alaga ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra kA nirbala karma-baMdha asAMparAyika baMdha haiN| sakaSAya karma-baMdha ko sAMparAyika baMdha kahate haiN| asAMparAyika baMdha saMsAra-bhramaNa kA kAraNa nahIM hai, parantu sAMparAyika baMdha ke kAraNa jIva ko saMsAra paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| kahIM-kahIM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga, inheM karma-baMdha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| anyatra rAga, dveSa, moha ko bhI karma-baMdha kA kAraNa mAnA saMpUrNa saMsAra karma-paramANuoM se vyApta hai| jisa prakAra tapta loha piNDa apane cAroM aura se pAnI ko AkarSita karatA hai athavA loha cuMbaka lohe ke kaNoM ko AkarSita karatA hai, usI taraha se jIva cAroM tarapha se karma ko AkarSita kara letA hai|

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310 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva karma aura akarma : bhagavadgItA meM zrIkRSNa arjuna ko karma ke viSaya meM samajhAte hue kahate hai ki - 'karma kyA hai aura akarma kyA hai, isa saMbaMdha meM buddhimAna puruSoM ko bhI bhrama hotA rahatA hai|' karma kyA hai? yaha maiM tumheM batAtA huuN| ise samajhane para tU samasta doSoM se mukta ho jaayegaa| manuSya ko 'karma' kyA hai aura akarma kyA hai? yaha samajhanA caahie| kyoMki karma ke rahasya ko samajhanA atIva kaThina haiN| __ucita mArga kauna-sA hai, yaha sAdhAraNatayA spaSTa nahIM hotaa| paraMparA rUr3hi aura antarAtmA kI AvAja alaga-alaga bAta kahatI hai aura hameM bhrAnti ho jAtI hai| ina saba meM jJAnI manuSya hI zAzvata satya ke AdhAra para apane uccatama viveka ke dvArA mArga ko DhUMDha pAtA hai| jo manuSya karma meM akarma dekhatA hai aura akarma meM karma dekhatA hai, vahI manuSyoM meM jJAnI manuSya hai aura vahI yogI bhI hai| jaba taka hama anAsakta bhAvanA se karma karate haiM taba taka hamArA mAnasika santulana vicalita nahIM hotA hai| kyoM ki jo karma icchA se utpanna hote haiM, una kamoM se hama virakta rahate haiM aura paramAtmA ke sAtha ekAtma hokara mAtra apanA karttavya karate rahate haiN| yahI karma meM saccI akriyatA hai| aisA karma akarma hotA hai| phala kI Asakti se rahita karma hI 'akarma' hai| 'akarma' kA artha hai - karma pariNAmasvarUpa hone vAle baMdhana kA abhAva, kyoMki aisA karma phala kI Asakti na rakhate hue kiyA jAtA hai| jo vyakti anAsakta hokara karma karatA hai, vaha baMdhana meM nahIM par3atA hai| usakA karma hI 'akarma' bana jAtA hai| akarma kA artha karma kA abhAva nahI hai| jaba hama zAnta baiThate haiM aura kisI bhI bAhyaya karma ko nahIM karate, taba bhI hama mAnasika karma to karate hI haiN| aSTAvakra gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki mUrkha loga durAgraha aura ajJAna ke kAraNa 'karma' se vimukha hote haiN| unakA yaha vimukha honA bhI karma hI hai| jJAnI logoM kA karma arthAt niSkAma karma vahI phala pradAna karatA hai, jo nivRtti se milatA hai| gItA ne 'karma' zabda ko kevala zrauta athavA smArta karma, itane saMkucita artha meM na lete hue use vyApaka artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai| manuSya jo jo kucha karatA hai, ve sAre karma hI haiN| (a. 5-8,6) phira ye karma kAyika, vAcika athavA mAnasika kisI bhI prakAra ke hoN|2|| zubha aura azubha karma : karma do prakAra ke haiM - 1) zubha aura 2) ashubh| zubha karma puNya hai aura azubha karma pApa hai| Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha zubha aura azubha kamoM kA saMzleSa hotA hai, isalie baMdha bhI zubha aura azubha aisA do prakAra kA hotA hai| zubha baMdha

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311 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ko 'puNya baMdha' aura azubha baMdha ko 'pApa baMdha' kahate haiN| pApa baMdha se aneka prakAra ke duHkhoM kI prApti hotI hai, aura puNya baMdha se aneka prakAra ke sukhoM kI prApti hotI hai| jaba AtmA pUrva karmodaya se hone vAle zubha-azubha bhAva meM baddha hotA hai, usI samaya vaha aneka prakAra ke paudgalika karmoM ke dvArA bAMdhA jAtA hai| jisa samaya jIva jaise bhAva karatA hai, usa samaya use vaise hI zubha, azubha kamoM kA baMdha hotA hai| maiM jIvoM ko duHkhI aura sukhI karatA hU~, yaha jo buddhi hai, vaha mUr3ha buddhi hai| yaha mUr3ha buddhi hI zubha aura azubha kamoM ko bAMdhatI hai|" isa saMsAra meM rAga-dveSa se yukta pratyeka kSaNa parispaMdana rUpa jo kriyAe~ hotI rahatI haiM, unakA mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ina pA~ca prakAroM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| unake nimitta se AtmA ke sAtha eka prakAra kA acetana dravya saMzliSTa hotA hai aura vaha rAga-dveSa ke nimitta ko prApta karake AtmA ke sAtha baMdha jAtA hai| apane vipAka ke samaya para vaha dravya sukha-duHkha rUpa phala dene lagatA hai| use 'karma' kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga se jIva dvArA jo kie jAte haiM, unheM 'karma' kahate haiN| dravya karma aura bhAva karma : karma ke do bheda haiM : 1) dravyakarma aura 2) bhAvakarma / jIva ke rAga-dveSa rUpI jina bhAvoM ke nimitta se acetana karmadravya AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hotA hai, unhIM bhAvoM kA nAma 'bhAvakarma' hai aura jo acetana karmadravya AtmA ke sAtha saMbaddha hotA hai, use dravyakarma kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca karmabaMdha ke kAraNa batAe gae haiN| una pA~coM kAraNoM kA bhI kaSAya aura yoga meM samAveza ho jAtA hai| ina do kAraNoM ko bhI adhika saMkSipta kiyA jAye to mAtra kaSAya hI karma-baMdha kA kAraNa hai, parantu kaSAya ke vikArI rUpa aneka haiN| una sabako adhyAtmavAdiyoM ne rAga aura dveSa ina do bhedoM meM vargIkRta kiyA haiN| kyoM ki koI bhI mAnasika vicAra hogA to vaha yA to rAga (Asakti) rUpa yA dveSa (ghRNA) rUpa hogaa| anubhava se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki sAdhAraNa prANiyoM kI pravRtti bAhyataH kaisI bhI ho, parantu vaha rAga yA dveSamUlaka hI hotI hai| isa prakAra kI pravRtti vividha vAsanAoM ke janma kA kAraNa hotI hai| prANiyoM kI samajha meM Ae yA na Ae, parantu unakI vAsanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA mUla kAraNa unakA rAga-dveSa hI hotA makar3I jisa prakAra usI ke banAe hue jAla meM phaMsa jAtI hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI svayaM kI pravRtti se ajJAna aura mohavazAt karma ke jAla meM pha~sa

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312 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jAtA hai| ajJAna, mithyAjJAna Adi jo karma ke kAraNa banAe jAte haiM, ve bhI rAga-dveSa ke saMbaMdha se hI hai| rAga yA dveSa kI upasthiti meM jJAna vikArI bana jAtA zabda bheda hone para bhI kabaMdha ke kAraNoM ke saMbaMdha meM anya kisI bhI Astika darzana ke sAtha jaina darzana kA matabheda nahIM hai| nyAya vaizeSika darzana meM mithyA-jJAna ko yoga darzana meM prakRti aura puruSa ke tAdAtmya ko aura vedAnta Adi darzanoM meM avidyA ko tathA jaina darzana meM mithyAtva ko karmabaMdha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| parantu yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki hama kisI ko bhI karma-baMdha kA kAraNa mAne, karmabaMdha to rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa hI hogaa| rAga-dveSa kA abhAva hote hI ajJAna (mithyAtva) samApta ho jAtA hai aura phira karmabaMdha saMbhava nahIM hotaa| mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva ke 'karmaNAbadhyate jaMtu' isa kathana meM bhI 'karma' zabda kA artha rAga-dveSa hI hai| unheM mithyAtva Adi kisI bhI nAma se pukArA jAye mUla meM rAga-dveSa hI hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rAga-dveSa janita zArIrika mAnasika pravRtti se karmabaMdha hotA hai| vaise dekhA jAe to pratyeka kriyA karmopArjana kA kAraNa hotI hai, parantu jo kriyA kaSAyajanita hotI hai, usase hone vAlA karmabaMdha vizeSa balavAna hotA hai aura jo kriyA kaSAyajanita nahIM hotI, usa kriyA se hone vAlA karmabaMdha nirbala aura alpAyu hotA hai| use naSTa karane meM kama zakti aura kama samaya lagatA hai| karma kA sarvasAmAnya artha 'kriyA' aisA hai aura vedoM se lekara brAhmaNa kAla taka vaidika paraMparA meM karma kA yahI artha dikhAI detA hai| vaidika paraMparA meM yajJa-yAga Adi bhautika kriyAoM ko 'karma' kahA hai| isa karma kA AcaraNa devatA ko prasanna karane ke lie kiyA jAtA thA aura devatA aisA karma karane vAle kI manokAmanA pUrNa karate haiM aisA mAnA jAtA thaa| jaina paraMparA ko karma kA kriyArUpa artha svIkArya to hai lekina jaina paraMparA karma kA kevala itanA hI artha nahIM maantii| saMsArI jIva kI pratyeka kriyA yA pravRtti 'karma' hai| jaina paribhASA meM ise 'bhAvakarma' kahate haiN| isa bhAvakarma se jo ajIva pudgala dravya AtmA ke saMsarga meM Akara use baMdhana meM DAla detA hai use 'dravya karma' kahate haiN| jIva kI kriyA 'bhAvakarma' hai aura usakA phala 'dravyakarma' hai| ina donoM meM kAryakAraNa bhAva hai| bhAvakarma kAraNa hai aura dravyakarma kArya hai| yaha kAryakAraNa bhAva bhI murgI aura usake aNDe ke kAryakAraNa bhAva jaisA hI hai| murgI se aNDA prApta hotA hai, isalie murgI kAraNa hai aura aNDA kArya hai| kinta kisI ne yaha prazna kiyA ki pahale murgI yA pahale aNDA? to isakA uttara denA kaThina

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313 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hai| yaha satya hai ki aNDA murgI se milatA hai, parantu murgI bhI aNDe se hI utpanna huI hai| isalie donoM meM paraspara kAryakAraNa bhAva hai| ataH donoM meM pahale kauna yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| saMtati kI apekSA se isakA paraspara kAryakAraNa bhAva anAdi hai| bhAvakarma se dravya karma utpanna hotA hai, isalie bhAvakarma ko kAraNa aura dravyakarma ko kArya mAnA jAtA hai, parantu dravyakarma ke abhAva meM bhAvakarma kI bhI niSpatti nahIM hotI, isalie dravyakarma bhI bhAvakarma kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra murgI aura aNDe ke samAna bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma kA paraspara kAryakAraNa bhAva hai| pUrvApara bhAva ke abhAva ke kAraNa donoM anAdi haiN| mithyAtva, kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai, vahI karma hai| karma kA yaha lakSaNa bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma ina donoM meM milatA hai| bhAva karma yaha AtmA kA vaibhAvika pariNAma hai, isalie usakA upAdAna rUpakartA jIva hI hai| dravyakarma kArmaNa jAti ke sUkSma pudgaloM kA vikAra hai usakA bhI kartA nimitta rUpa se to jIva hI hai| bhAvakarma hone ke lie dravyakarma nimitta hai aura dravyakarma hone ke lie bhAvakarma nimitta hai| isa prakAra ina donoM kA paraspara bIjAMkura ke samAna kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha hai| karmavAda : bhAratIya tattva-cintana meM karmavAda ko atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| cArvAka ke alAvA bhArata ke sabhI cintaka karmavAda ko svIkAra karate haiN| bhAratIya darzana, dharma, sAhitya, kalA Adi para karmavAda kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| sukha, duHkha aura sAMsArika vaicitrya kA kAraNa DhUMDhate samaya bhAratIya cintakoM ne karma ke adbhuta siddhAnta kA anveSaNa kiyA hai| bhArata ke sarva sAdhAraNa logoM kA bhI yahI mata hai ki prANiyoM ko prApta hone vAlA sukha yA duHkha unake svayaM ke kie hue karma ke phala ke atirikta kucha bhI nahIM hai| jIva anAdi kAla se karma ke adhIna banakara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| janma yA mRtyu kA mUla kAraNa hI karma hai| janma aura mRtyu ye hI sabase bar3e duHkha haiN| jIva apane zubha aura azubha karma ke kAraNa hI paraloka meM jAtA hai| jo jaisA karma karatA hai, usako usakA usI prakAra kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| eka vyakti dUsare vyakti kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| hareka kA karma svasaMbaddha hotA hai, parasaMbaddha nhiiN| karmavAda kI sthApanA ke viSaya meM bhArata kI saba dArzanika paramparAoM ne apanA yogadAna diyA hai phira bhI jaina paraMparA meM karmavAda kA jo suvikasita rUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha anyatra kahIM bhI nahIM hai| jaina AcAryoM ne jisa prakAra karmavAda kA suvyavasthita, susaMbaddha aura sarvAMgapUrNa nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vaisA anyatra milanA kevala durlabha hI nahIM asaMbhava bhI hai|

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314 jaina darzana ke nava tattva karmavAda yaha jaina, vicAra aura AcAra paraMparA kA eka avibhAjya aMga bana gayA hai| jaina darzana aura jaina AcAra kI saba mahattvapUrNa mAnyatAe~ aura dhAraNAe~ karmavAda para AdhArita hai| karma kI avasthAe~ : 1 jaina darzana meM karma kA lakSaNa, usake bheda, upabheda Adi kA vivecana haiN| pratyeka karma kI baMdha, sattA aura udaya ye tIna avasthAe~ mAnI gaI haiN| jainetara darzanoM meM bhI karma kI ina tIna avasthAoM kA varNana milatA hai / usameM baMdha ko kriyamANa, sattA ko saMcita aura udaya ko prArabdha kahA gayA hai| paraMtu jaina darzana meM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karma aura unake bheda, upabhedoM dvArA saMsArI AtmA kI anubhavagamya vibhinna avasthAoM kA jaisA spaSTa vivecana kiyA gayA hai, vaisA anya darzanoM meM dikhAI nahIM detA / pAtaMjala yogadarzana meM bhI karma ke jAti, Ayu aura bhoga ye tIna prakAra ke vipAka kahe gae haiN| parantu jaina darzana meM karmasaMbaMdhI vicAra ke sAmane vaha varNana aspaSTasA lagatA hai 1 jaina darzana meM AtmA aura karma ke lakSaNa spaSTa karate samaya AtmA ke sAtha karma kA saMbaMdha kaise hotA hai, usake kAraNa kyA haiM, kisa prakAra se karma meM kaisI zakti utpanna hotI hai, AtmA ke sAtha karma kA saMbaMdha kitane kAla taka rahatA hai, unakI kama se kama aura adhikAdhika kAla-maryAdA kitanI hai, karma kitane kAla taka phala dene meM asamartha rahatA hai, karma kA vipAka samaya badalA jA sakatA hai yA nahIM, agara badalA jA sakatA hogA to usake lie AtmA ke kaise pariNAma Avazyaka haiM, karma kI tIvra zakti ko manda zakti meM aura manda zakti ko tIvra zakti meM rUpAMtarita karane ke lie kauna se AtmapariNAma hote haiM, svabhAvataH zuddha AtmA bhI karma ke prabhAva se malina kaise banatA hai aura karma ke AvaraNa se AvRtta hone para AtmA apane svabhAva ko kyoM nahI chor3atA ?... Adi karma baMdha, sattA aura udaya kI apekSA se utpanna hone vAle aneka praznoM kA yuktipUrvaka vizada aura vistRta spaSTIkaraNa jaina karma sAhitya meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina karmazAstra meM karma kI jo vividha avasthAe~ haiM, unakA sAmAnyatayA isa prakAra vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai 1 ) bandhana karaNa, 2) nidhatta karaNa, 3) nikAcanA karaNa, 4) udavartanA karaNa, 5) apavartanA karaNa, 6) saMkramaNa karaNa, 7) udIraNA karaNa aura 8 ) upazamana karaNa / isa vargIkaraNa meM karmoM kI zakti ke sAtha AtmA kI kSamatA kA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai|

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315 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Adhunika manovijJAna ne bhI prakArAntara se karma kA astitva svIkAra liyA hai| prANiyoM ke zarIra, mana aura jIvana kI samasta sthitiyoM ke kAraNa unake hI aMtaHstala meM chipe hue hai| bhAvanA ke anusAra hI kriyA hotI hai| hRdaya meM bhaya kA bhAva utpanna hote hI zarIra meM romAMca hotA haiN| granthiyoM ke kArya prabhAvita hote hai| isI kAraNa se jaMgala meM zera ko sAmane dekhate hI ghabarAhaTa hotI hai| krodha utpanna hone para khUna ubalane lagatA hai aura zarIra kI uSNatA tathA raktadAba bar3hane lagatA hai| abhimAna kA mada car3hane para vyakti ko apanI yathArtha sthiti kA vismaraNa hotA hai| vyakti apanA bar3appana dikhAne ke lie asIma kharca karane lagatA hai aura aisA AcaraNa karatA hai jo svayaM ke lie ghAtaka siddha hotA hai| cintA se hRdayaroga alsara, raktadAba, azaktatA, vikSiptatA Adi vikRtiyA~ hotI haiN| ye sabhI manobhAvoM ke zArIrika saMcAlana kI kriyA para hue pariNAma haiN| isase bhI adhika AzcaryakAraka jo bAta Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne batAI hai, vaha yaha hai ki bhAvanA kA prabhAva kevala zarIra ke zvasana, pacana, raktAbhisaraNa Adi para hI nahIM, zarIra ke pratyeka aMga para bhI hotA hai| zarIra ke AkAra-prakAra kI nirmiti ke sAtha hI jina tattvoM se yaha zarIra banA hai, una tatvoM meM bhI bhAvanA ke sAtha rAsAyanika parivartana hotA rahatA hai| jisa samaya vyakti kI bhAvanA meM parivartana hotA hai, usa samaya utane hI parimANa meM una tattvoM meM bhI rAsAyanika parivartana hotA hai, jinase sira, khUna, vAla Adi kI nirmiti hotI hai| rUsa ke eka vizeSajJa mRta vyakti ke sira kI haDDiyA~ dekhakara usakI saMpUrNa jIvanakathA kaha dete haiN| sAtha hI vaha vyakti kisa prakAra marA aura marate samaya usa vyakti kI kyA bhAvanAe~ thIM, yaha bhI batA dete hai| Aja bhI vaijJAnika manuSya ke bAloM kA rAsAyanika vizleSaNa kara usa para se usa vyakti kA svabhAva, usakI aparAdha bhAvanA usakI vRtti Adi bAteM kaha sakate haiN| vijJAna ne Aja itanI pragati kara lI hai| haDDiyA~ aura bAla ye donoM zarIra ke saba se adhika majabUta aura saba se kama saMvedanazIla aMga hai| jaba unake AkAra, prakAra aura saMracanA kA bhI mAnava kI pravRtti aura prakRti ke sAtha itanA saMbaMdha hai, to mAnava ke zvasana, pacana Adi kA bhAvanA se ati ghaniSTa saMbaMdha ho isameM Azcarya kI kyA bAta hai?

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vartamAna kAla meM aisI eka mazIna kA bhI aviSkAra huA hai jise kisI manuSya ke mastaka para lagAyA jAe, vaha manuSya satya bola rahA hai yA jhUTha yaha bhI vaha mazIna batA sakatI hai| isa prakAra zarIra aura mana kA ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai| prakhyAta Adhunika manovaijJAnika cArlas yuMga ke matAnusAra manuSya ajJAta mana kI zaktiyoM kI jitanI gaharAI se jAna sakatA hai aura una para niyaMtraNa rakha sakatA hai, utanI sImA taka vaha apane vyaktitva kA vikAsa kara sakatA hai| usa ajJAta mana meM bhautika sAdhanoM kI madada ke binA dUra kI ghaTanAe~ dekhane kA sAmarthya hotA hai| vaha mana bhUtakAla meM ghaTI ghaTanAoM ko bhI jAna sakatA hai aura bhaviSya kA bhI anumAna kara sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hamAre bhAvoM aura pravRttiyoM ke dvArA hI hamAre vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai| apanI prakRti se hI karma nirmita hote haiM aura karma kI prakRti ke anusAra zarIra kI aura jIvana kI pratyeka ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai| sukha-duHkha, jaya-parAjaya Adi sArI bAteM hamAre karma kA hI pariNAma hotI haiN| apanA vartamAnakAlIna jIvana yaha apane pUrva kamoM kA hI pariNAma hotA hai| apane sukha-duHkha ke lie hama hI jimmedAra hote haiN| karmaphala kA dUsarA nAma bhAgya hai| hama hI apane bhAgyavidhAtA hote haiN| apanI AtmA hI apane bhAvoM kI nirmAtA hai| bhAgya ko aMkita karane vAle hama hI haiN| hamArI AtmA hI hamArA bhAgyalekhaka hai, anya koI nhiiN| bhAgya-parivartana kI prakriyA : jisa prakAra baMdhA huA karma phala die binA kabhI chUTatA nahIM hai, yaha satya hai, usI prakAra pUrva baddha karma meM parivartana kiyA jAtA hai, yaha bhI satya hai| isa vyavasthA ko karmazAstra me 'karaNa' kahA hai| 'karaNa' eka prakAra kI bhAgya-parivartana kI prakriyA hai| 'karaNa' ke ATha bheda haiM1) baMdhana karaNa : jisa kAraNa se AtmA karma ko grahaNa kara baMdhana ko prApta hogA, vaha baMdhana karaNa hai| jisa prakAra zarIra dvArA grahaNa kie hue padArtha zarIra ke hita-ahita ke kAraNarUpa Thaharate haiM, usI taraha AtmA dvArA grahaNa kie hue zubha-azubha karma AtmA ke lie saubhAgya, durbhAgya kAraNarUpa banate haiN| isalie jo durbhAgya ko dUra rakhanA cAhatA hai, use azubha (pApa-pravRttiyoM) se dUra rahanA caahie| jo acche phala kI icchA karate haiM, unheM sevA, paropakAra, vAtsalya-bhAva Adi zubha pravRttiyoM ko karanA caahie| 2) nidhatta karaNa : jisa kriyA ke kAraNa pUrva meM baMdhe hue karma dRr3ha hote haiM, use nidhatta karaNa kahate haiN| jisa prakAra kisI ko bukhAra hone para usa avasthA meM usane ghI, tela jaise ghAtaka padArthoM kA sevana kiyA to usakA bukhAra

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317 jaina- darzana ke nava tattva adhika kaSTa dene vAlA hotA hai| yadi kisI ko gAMjA pIne kI aura aphIma khAne kI Adata hai, to punaH punaH gAMjA pIne yA aphIma khAne se usakI vaha Adata dRr3ha hotI hai / vyasana hamezA ke lie chUTa pAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai / pratidina niyata samaya para una nazIle dravyoM kA sevana karanA hI par3atA hai / isI prakAra kisI karma- prakRti kA baMdha zithila ho aura use anya karma prakRti kA nimitta milA, to vaha dRr3ha ho jAtA hai / prayatnoM se kucha antara A sakatA hai, paraMtu usakA rUpAntara honA yA naSTa honA yaha saMbhava nahIM hotA / karma kI aisI avasthA ko 'nidhatta karaNa' kahA jAtA hai| isalie jJAnI janoM kA yaha kartavya hai ki azubha pravRttiyoM ko bala dene vAlI adhArmika pravRtti se dUra raheM / 3) nikAcanAkaraNa : jisa kriyA ke kAraNa karmoM kA bandha itanA dRr3ha ho jAye unameM kisI bhI taraha aura kucha bhI parivartana nahIM ho, usa kriyA ko nikAcanAkaraNa kahA jAtA hai 1 koI sAdhAraNa yA kensara jaisI kaSTasAdhya bImArI apanI vRddhi ke anukUla sAdhana prApta kara asAdhya roga kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| bAda meM usa para auSadhopacAra nahIM calatA / vaha use bhoganA hI par3atA hai / usI prakAra karma bhI kaSAya kI prabalatA se dRr3hatama baMdha ko prApta hote haiM / karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha itanA dRr3ha baMdha hotA haiM ki ve use bhogane hI par3ate haiN| baMdha ke isa nikAcana svarUpa ko dekhakara jJAnI janoM ko unase dUra rahanA cAhie / 4) udavartanAkaraNa : jina kAraNoM se karma kI sthiti aura rasa meM vRddhi hotI hai, use udvartanAkaraNa kahA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra ghI, tela se khAMsI bar3hatI hai, aura adhika samaya taka kaSTa detI hai, usI prakAra kisI pravRtti meM atIva rasa lene se usa pravRtti se saMbaMdhita prakRti meM adhika phaladAna karane kI aura adhika kAla taka Tikane kI zakti A jAtI hai| isalie aisI pravRtti se dUra rahanA cAhie / 5) apavartanAkaraNa : jisase karma kI sthiti aura rasa kama ho jAtA hai, use apavartanAkaraNa kahate haiM / jisa prakAra pitta kI bImArI nIMbU Adi ke sevana se kama hotI hai, tIvra krodha kA vega pAnI pIne se kama ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra kie hue duSkarma kI tIvratA pazcAtApa aura prAyazcitta Adi se kama ho jAtI haiN| isalie avirati kA tyAga kara virati ko svIkAra karanA cAhie / 1 6) saMkramaNakaraNa : jisa karaNa se pUrva meM baMdhI huI karma kI prakRti apanI sajAtIya prakRti meM rUpAntarita hotI hai, use saMkramaNa karaNa kahate haiN| jisa prakAra vikAragrasta hRdaya, netra Adi ko dUra kara usake sthAna para nirogI hRdaya, netra ko sthApita karane se rogI ko dvividha lAbha hotA hai, ( eka to roga kI pIr3A se bacanA

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318 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva aura dUsarA nirogI aMga-upAMga kA prApta karanA ) usI prakAra azubha karma-prakRti apanI sajAtIya zubha karma-prakRti meM badalI jA sakatI hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM ise mArgAtarIkaraNa (Sublimation of Mental Energy) ho jAtA hai| kutsita prakRti kA udAtta prakRti meM mArgAtarIkaraNa yA rUpAntarIkaraNa ko Adhunika mAnasazAstra ne udAttIkaraNa kahA hai| aparAdhI yA doSI manovRtti ke jo loga hote haiM, unheM sudhArane ke lie isakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| Aja mArgAtarIkaraNa yA udAttIkaraNa yaha manovijJAna kI mahattvapUrNa vidhi bana gaI hai| usake alaga-alaga rUpa batAe gae haiN| udAharaNArtha vidhvaMsaka vRtti vAle aziSTa vidyArthI kI manovRtti ko badala kara use racanAtmaka kArya kI ora mor3A jA sakatA hai| kutsita prakRti kA sat prakRti meM saMkramaNa karaNa yA udAttIkaraNa karane ke lie prathamataH vyakti ke mana meM kSaNabhaMgura sukha ke sthAna para cirakAlIna sukha kI bhAvanA jAgRta karanA Avazyaka hai| cirakAlIna bhAvI sukha ke lie tAtkAlika kSaNika sukha kA tyAga karane kI preraNA vyakti meM nirmita honI caahie| isa prakAra AraMbha meM svArthakeMdrita AtmasaMyama kI yogyatA kA nirmANa hotA hai aura bAda meM dUsare ke sukha ke lie apane sukha kA tyAga karane kI pAtratA AtI hai| isase cirakAlIna sukha yA samAdhAna kA anubhava hotA hai| yahI cirakAlIna sukha yA samAdhAna sarva hitakArI pravRtti arthAta loka kalyANa kA rUpadhAraNa karatA hai| jisa prakAra manovijJAna meM mArgAtarI karaNa yA udAttIkaraNa kevala sajAtIya prakRti meM saMbhava hai, vijAtIya prakRti meM nahIM, usI prakAra karmavijJAna meM saMkramaNa bhI kevala sajAtIya prakRti meM hI saMbhava hai, vijAtIya prakRti meM nhiiN| yaha Azcaryajanaka samAnatA hai| manovaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki udAttIkaraNa yaha zArIrika aura mAnasika rogoM ke upacAra meM aura jIvana utthAna meM atyaMta upayogI hai| mAnasazAstrI prayogazAlAoM meM asAdhya roga bhI udAttIkaraNa se ThIka kiye jAte haiN| jisa prakAra azubha pravRtti kA zubha pravRtti meM hone vAlA rUpAntara jIvana ke utthAna ke lie upayogI hai, usI prakAra zubha pravRttiyoM kA azubha pravRttiyoM meM rUpAntara honA, yaha jIvana ke adhaHpatana kA kAraNa hai| jisa prakAra manovijJAna meM mArgAntarIkaraNa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, usI prakAra karmavijJAna meM saMkramaNakaraNa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| udvartana, apavartana Adi bhI saMkramaNa karaNa kA hI aMga haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki saMkramaNa ke siddhAnta kA anusaraNa kara mAnava patana se baca sakatA hai aura apanI icchA ke anusAra apane bhaviSya kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai|

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319 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 7) udIraNAkaraNa : karma kA svAbhAvika udaya hone se pahale prayatna yA puruSArtha se usakA udaya karAke usake kula ko prApta karanA, ise 'udIraNA karaNa' kahate haiN| jisa prakAra zarIra meM hone vAle kucha vikAra kAlAntara meM roga ke rUpa meM phala dete haiM, usakA pratibaMdha karane ke lie inAkyulezana lekara yA auSadhiyoM kA upayoga karake roga se zIghra mukti mila sakatI hai, usI prakAra karmagraMthiyoM ko unake naisargika udaya se pahale prayatnoM dvArA udita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura unakA phala bhogA jA sakatA hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki mAnava ke bahuta se roga mAnava ke ajJAta mana meM chipI graMthiyoM ke kAraNa hI haiM, jinakA saMcaya pUrvajIvana meM huA hotA hai| isalie agara ye graMthiyA~ bAhara prakaTa hokara naSTa ho jAtI hai to unase saMbaMdhita bhAvI roga bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| vartamAna meM isa mAnasika cikitsA paddhati kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ___ vyakti dvArA kie gae pApa ko yA doSoM ko gurU ke samakSa prakaTa karanA yaha udIraNA yA manovizleSaNa paddhati kA hI rUpa hai| isase sAdhAraNa doSa naSTa ho jAte haiN| vizeSa doSoM ko naSTa karane ke lie prAyazcitta liyA jAtA hai| 8) upazamanAkaraNa : karma kA udaya hone na denA ise 'upazamanAkaraNa' kahate haiN| jisa prakAra zarIra meM ghAva yA oNparezana Adi se pIr3Ae~ utpanna hotI haiM, kaSTa kA anubhava hotA hai, una kaSToM kA yA pIr3AoM kA iMjekzana yA auSadhi-upacAra se zamana kiyA jAtA hai, roga vidyamAna hone para bhI rogI usake pariNAmoM se bacatA hai| usI prakAra jJAna aura bhogane yogya karma prakRti ke sattA meM hone para bhI usake pariNAmoM se bacanA yaha upazamana hai| karaNa jJAna kI upayogitA : jisakI sahAyatA se kriyA yA kArya hotA hai, use 'karaNa' kahate haiM arthAt jo kriyA kA yA kArya kA kAraNa hai, hetu hai, vaha 'karaNa' hai| Upara likhe ATha prakAra se karma meM kriyA hotI rahatI hai| isalie unheM 'karaNa' kahate haiN| ye bhAgya-parivartana ke hetu bhI haiN| karma yA bhAvI ke nirmANa ke niyamoM kA jJAna Avazyaka haiN| ina niyamoM ke anusAra AcaraNa kiyA to abhISTa bhAvI kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina karaNoM ke jJAna kI upayogitA azubha karma na bAMdhate hue zubha karma bAMdhanA yaha hai, yA karmabaMdhana se dUra rahanA yaha hai| nidhattikaraNa kI upayogitA yaha hai ki jisase karma dRr3ha hote haiM aisI pravRttiyoM yA bhAvoM se dUra rahanA hai| nikAcanA karaNa kI upayogitA yaha hai ki

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320 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jina tIvra kaSAyoM se karma bAMdhe jAte haiM, ve avazya hI bhogane hI par3ate haiM, ataH aisI pravRttiyoM se dUra rahanA caahie| udvartanA aura apavartanA karaNa kI upayogitA yaha hai ki jIva ko isa prakAra kI pravRttiyA~ karanA cAhie ki jinase duSkarma kama ho aura zubha kamoM kI vRddhi ho| 'saMkramaNa karaNa' kI upayogitA pApa-prakRti kA puNya-prakRti meM rUpAntara karane kI kSamatA meM haiN| 'udIraNA karaNa' kA lAbha karma ko prayatnoM dvArA naisargika samaya se pahale udaya meM lAkara unakA phala bhogakara kSaya karane meM hai| upazamanA karaNa kA lAbha prayatnoM dvArA karma ke udaya ko niSphala karanA yaha haiN| _isa prakAra karma-vijJAna kA jJAna yA karaNa jJAna hai karma yA bhAgya ke nirmANa parivartana, parivardhana, parizamana, parizodhana, racanA aura saMkramaNa karane kI kalA kA jJAna hai|.2 isa prakAra karma kI ye vividha avasthAe~ hameM yaha batAtI hai ki AtmA ko azubha karma se dUra rahakara zubha karma kI ora pravRtti karanI caahie| isase hI janma-maraNa kA cakra samApta hogA aura AtmA mokSa prApta kara skegaa| karma-carcA : karma vicAra bhAratIya darzana kA prANatatva hai| vaidika paraMparA meM karma ke saMbaMdha meM aneka vicAra milate haiN| vedoM meM bhI daiva yA yadRcchA mAnI gaI hai| zvetAzvaropaniSad meM kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, yadRcchAvAda, bhUtavAda Adi kI carcA milatI hai| ina saba darzanoM ne prajApati ko sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, phira bhI use karma ke anusAra hI phala dene vAlA mAnA hai| nyAya, vaizeSika aura sAMkhya darzanoM meM yahI mAnyatA kisI na kisI rUpa meM pracalita hai| apUrva, adRSTa, bhAgya, daiva, nasIba, takadIra Adi zabda kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma ke hI sUcaka hai| . jaina darzana prAcIna kAla se karmavAdI hai| karma siddhAnta ullekha jaisA jaina darzana meM milatA hai, vaisA anyatra nahIM miltaa| jainAgamoM aura bhASya-graMthoM meM karmavAda ke vibhinna dRSTikoNoM kA savistAra vivecana milatA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke gaNadharavAda meM karmavAda kA vivecana adhika spaSTa aura vyavasthita hai| dvitIya gaNadhara ke vAda meM karma ke astitva kI siddhi kI gaI hai| (vizeSAvazyaka 1606-1642) isameM karma ko saMsAra kA AdhAra aura usake uccheda ko hI 'mukti' kahA gayA hai| chaTe gaNadhara kI carcA meM baMdha-mokSa kA svarUpa, karma aura jIva ke sAdi-anAdi saMbaMdha aura nauveM gaNadhara kI carcA meM se karma kI zubhAzubha prakRtiyA~

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321 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Adi kI jAnakArI milatI hai aura aMtima gaNadhara meM nirvANa kI carcA ke aMtargata karma ke mUrta-amUrta AkAra kA vivecana hai| karmaphala niSpatti meM bauddha, sAMkhya aura jaina dArzanika Izvara ko kAraNa nahIM maante| ve jIva ke rAga, dveSa, moha Adi bhAvoM ko tathA mana, vacana evaM kAya yoga kI pravRtti ko hI karma aura karmaphala niSpatti kA hetu mAnate haiN| isakA artha yaha huA ki isa duniyA kA vaicitrya karmakRta hai aura saMsAra meM jIva kA AvAgamana bhI karmakRta hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya darzanoM meM cArvAka ke alAvA anya saba dArzanikoM ne kisI na kisI svarUpa meM karma ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai, aisA dikhAI detA hai| jaina darzana meM kahA hai ki vizva kI sArI AtmAe~ samAna haiN| yaha samAnatA AtmasvarUpa kI samAnatA ke kAraNa hai| pUrNataH karma-mukta siddhAtmA kI vizuddha Atmajyoti ho, yA nigoda ke ananta aMdhaHkAra meM bhaTakane vAlI AtmA kI maMda Atmajyoti ho, donoM ke AtmasvarUpa meM kucha bhI pharka nahIM hai| ___ AtmA kI jo anaMta zakti siddha vyakti meM hai, vahI anaMta zakti saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karane vAlI AtmA meM bhI hai| saba AtmAe~ anaMta-zakti se yukta haiN| Antarika dRSTi se unameM kucha bhI pharka nahIM hai| antara usa zakti kI abhivyakti ke kAraNa hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki agara AtmA meM samAnatA aura ekarUpatA hai, to usameM viSamatA aura anekarUpatA kyoM dikhAI detI hai? siddha aura saMsArI AtmA ke vikAsa meM itanA antara kyoM? siddha kI bAta chor3a bhI deM to mAnava-mAnava meM bhI bahuta aMtara najara AtA hai| manuSya aura pazu-pakSiyoM ke jIvana meM bhI aMtara dikhAI detA hai| kucha vyakti vikAsa ke atyucca zikhara taka pahu~cate haiM, to kucha vyakti patana ke mahAgarta meM bhayaMkara vedanA sahana karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| do vyaktiyoM ke jIvana meM itanA antara kyoM haiM? isakA mUla kAraNa karma hI hai| Atmazakti saba meM eka jaisI hai, parantu karma ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa pratyeka AtmA ke vikAsa meM antara hai|" vyakti jo kucha karatA hai, usakA phala use nizcita milatA hai| karma karane ke saMbaMdha meM vyakti svataMtra hai, usakI icchA ho to vaha usase baca bhI sakatA hai, parantu karma se baddha hone para karma ke phala se bacanA saMbhava nhiiN| kie hue karma kA phala to nizcita bhoganA hI par3atA hai| karma kA phala jaldI yA derI se, mile binA nahIM rhtaa| kabhI isa janma meM nahIM to dUsare kisI janma meM bhI phala bhoganA par3atA hai|

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322 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva baMdha mokSa carcA : , bhAratIya darzanoM meM kevala cArvAka darzana hI aisA hai jisane baMdha-mokSa ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| anya saba darzanoM ne baMdha-mokSa ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana ne baMdha-mokSa ko to mAnA hI hai, parantu puruSa ke sthAna para unhoMne baMdhamokSa ko prakRti meM mAnA hai| yaha kevala paribhASA kA pharka hai| kyoMki sAMkhyamata mAnatA hai ki puruSa aura prakRti kA viveka honA hI mokSa hai| jIva ke baMdhana aura mokSa ke saMbaMdha meM upaniSadoM meM bahuta likhA gayA hai|' upaniSadoM ke anusAra baMdha kA kAraNa avidyA aura mokSa kA kAraNa vidyA hai| avidyA meM nitya aura anitya aisA pharka nahIM hai| usameM ahaMkAra hotA hai| viSayI aura viSaya ke bheda kA jo bauddhika jJAna hai vaha deza, kAla aura kAryakAraNa saMbaMdhI jJAna hai| avidyA ke kAraNa janma-maraNa hotA hai| avidyA ke kAraNa hI jIva ko duHkha aura kleza hote haiN| isa saMsAra kI ekatA meM jo anekatA dikhAI detA hai, usakA mUla kAraNa avidyA aura mAyA hI hai| upaniSadoM ke anusAra yaha dRzyamAna samagra prapaMca avidyA tathA mAyA se hI utpanna huA hai| jaba taka mAyA aura avidyA hai, taba taka yaha jagat aura saMsAra haiM aura taba taka hI duHkha aura kleza bhI haiN| avidyA ke kAraNa hI ahaMkAra hotA hai| vAstava meM yaha ahaMkAra hI baMdhana kA kAraNa hai| isa ahaMkAra ke kAraNa hI jIva indriyA~, mana, buddhi aura zarIra ke sAtha apanA tAdAtmya mAnane lagA hai| isake viruddha upaniSadoM meM mokSa kA kAraNa vidyA mAnA gayA hai| ahaMkAra se chUTakara vidyA dvArA apane vAstavika svarUpa ko jAnakara AtmA meM lIna honA hI saba baMdhanoM se mukti hai| upaniSadoM meM kahA hai ki brahmajJAna se mokSa milatA hai| brahmajJAna kA artha hai brhmbhaavnaa| brahma arthAt vizuddha AtmasvarUpa kA cintana arthAt pratyeka prANI meM AtmA dekhanA, sabameM brahma dekhanA, svayaM ko sabameM dekhnaa| isakA artha yaha ki saba meM eka AtmA dekhnaa| upaniSadoM ke anusAra ekAtma darzana hI sarvAtmadarzana isa sthiti meM jIvAtmA kA paramAtmA ke sAtha ekatva nirmANa hotA hai| jIva kI isa sthiti ko AtmakrIr3A, Atmarati aura Atmamaithuna kahA jAtA hai| upaniSadoM ke anusAra yahI paramapada hai yahI amRtapada hai aura yahI mokSa hai| AtmalAbha ke lie (Self-realization) parAvidyA Avazyaka hai| isa parAvidyA se hI brahma sAkSAtkAra yA Atma sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| upaniSadoM meM avidyA

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323 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ko aura mAyA ko baMdha kA kAraNa mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki avidyA aura mAyA tabhI dUra hogI jaba brahma kA arthAt zuddhAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hogaa| bauddha darzana ke anusAra vAsanA yA tRSNA yaha janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai| viveka aura vairAgya se vAsanA aura tRSNA kA kSaya karake nirvANa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaizeSika darzana aura nyAya darzana meM saMsAra kA kAraNa ajJAna mAnA gayA hai| vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra sAta padArthoM kA jJAna prApta karane se aura nyAya darzana ke anusAra SoDaza padAthoM kA jJAna prApta karane se jIva ko niHzreyasa kI prApti hotI hai| niHzreyasa arthAt mokSa yA mukti| yogazAstra ke anusAra cittavRtti hI saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai| usa cittavRtti ke nirodha ko yoga kahA jAtA hai| dhyAna aura samAdhi se jIva saba prakAra ke baMdhana se mukta ho sakatA hai| muktAtmA hI yogadarzana ke anusAra Izvara hai| thor3e bahuta antara se sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM yaha eka hI bAta kahI gaI hai - baMdhana hai aura baMdhana kA kAraNa hai sAtha hI baMdhana se mukti kA upAya bhI hai| sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA dvArA sAdhya taka pahu~cakara siddhi prApta kara sakatA hai| yahI bhAratIya darzana kI mUla AtmA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA aura karma kA saMyoga yaha saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai| yaha saMyoga jaba taka rahegA, taba taka AtmA meM rAgAtmaka aura dveSAtmaka vRtti rhegii| kyoki rAga aura dveSa hI saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| rAga, dveSa naSTa hote hI saMsAra ke kleza bhI naSTa hoMge aura mukti milegii| isa prakAra rAga kA pariNAma arthAt bhAva hI baMdha kA kAraNa hai yaha jAnakara sAdhaka rAga-dveSa Adi vikalpoM kA tyAga kareM aura vizuddha jJAna-darzana yaha jisakA svabhAva hai, aise nijAtma svarUpa meM nirantara ramaNa kreN| yaha AtmA ananta kAla se baMdhanoM se baddha hai| ye baMdhana bhI anaMtAnaMta haiN| hama Asakti aura vAsanA kI anekoM ber3iyoM se jakar3e hue hai| AtmA cupacApa ina baMdhanoM svIkAra nahIM karatI haiM varan vaha unheM tor3ane kA bhI prayatna karatI rahatI hai| unheM bhogakara unheM tor3ane kA usakA prayatna calatA rahatA hai| kintu navIna-navIna baMdha se yaha prakriyA calatI rahatI hai| . prazna yaha hai ki ye baMdhana AtmA para kahA~ se Ae? yaha zarIra, yaha parivAra, yaha aizvarya Adi saba kahA~ se ekatrita hue? ina bAhya upAdhiyoM ne hI to AtmA ko baddha to nahIM kiyA? kAma-krodha jaise AMtarika zatruoM ne use kisa prakAra ghera liyA hai? isa sabakA svarUpa samajhe binA AtmA kI mukti sambhava nahIM

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324 jaina- darzana ke nava tattva hai| jaba taka baMdhana ke svarUpa kA Akalana nahIM hogA, taba taka mokSa kA svarUpa bhI samajha meM nahIM AyegA / baMdhana ke saMbaMdha meM hI bolanA hai to yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki baMdhana zarIra ke kAraNa nahIM hai, iMdriyoM ke kAraNa bhI nahIM hai aura anya kisI bAhaya padArtha ke kAraNa bhI nahIM hai / ye saba to jar3a haiN| baMdhana meM DAlanA yA mokSa denA yaha jar3a kA kArya nahIM hai| baMdhana to AtmA ke svayaM ke vicAroM meM aura bhAvanAoM meM hotA hai| jIva apane bhAvoM se hI baMdhana meM AtA hai aura bhAvoM se hI mukti bhI prApta hotI hai| 'mana evaM manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandha-mokSayo' yaha subhASita satya hI hai / mana hI baMdhana aura mukti kA kAraNa hai| baMdhana yaha zarIra ke kAraNa nahIM hotA / zarIra ke nimitta se mana meM jo rAga, dveSa ke pariNAma hote haiM aura jo vikalpa hote haiM, una pariNAmoM se aura vikalpoM se baMdhana hotA hai aura inake naSTa hone para mukti milatI hai| baMdhana se muk jIva kA lakSya hai karmoM se mukti prApta karanA / mukti prApta karane ke lie, sAdhaka aura bAdhaka kAraNoM kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| jaina darzana meM nava-tattvoM kI vivecanA ke dvArA ina sAdhaka aura bAdhaka tattvoM ko samajhAyA gayA haiN| jIva ko lakSya karake kahA gayA hai 'jIva' mukhya tattva hai| isake atirikta anya saba padArtha to jar3a haiM, ajIva hai| loka-vyavasthA meM jIva aura ajIva ye do mukhya tattva haiM / jIva kA svarUpa jJAnAnaMdamaya hone para bhI rAga-dveSa aura moha ke kAraNa vaha jar3a padArtha kI ora AkarSita hotA hai, jIva unheM apanA samajhatA hai, unase apanA saMbaMdha jor3atA hai / para - padArtha kI ora AkRSTa honA 'Asava' hai aura usase saMbaMdha jor3anA 'baMdha' hai| ye hI Asrava aura baMdha jIva ko saMsAra meM janma-maraNarUpa vedanA kA anubhava karAte haiN| 1 kabhI karma kA phala zubha rUpa meM ( puNya rUpa meM ) aura kabhI azubha (pApa) rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| jIva ko saMsAra se mukti nahIM milatI / parantu jaba jIva svarUpa-prApti kI ora prayANa karatA hai, taba karma-baMdhana se chuTakArA prApta karane ke lie vaha do prakAra se prayatna karatA hai - 1) navIna karmoM ke Agamana ko rokanA aura 2) pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karanA / navIna karmoM ko rokanA hI 'saMvara' hai aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karanA hI 'nirjarA' hai| saMvara dvArA nae karmoM kA Agamana rukatA hai aura nirjarA se pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai, isa prakAra ke puruSArtha kI pUrNatA se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, jo saMpUrNa karmoM ke kSaya kI avasthA hai| AtmA jaba AtmA meM lIna hotA hai, -

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325 jaina darzana ke nava tattva taba kucha bhI karanA bAkI nahIM rahatA / saMkSepa meM 'baMdhappamokkho' - karmabaMdhana se mukta honA yahI navatattvoM se bodha kA uddezya hai / F7 saMvara dvArA navIna karmoM kA Agamana ruka jAne para aura nirjarA dvArA pUrvabaddha saba karmoM ke kSINa ho jAne para AtmA ko pUrNa niSkarma dazA prApta hotI hai / jaba karma nahIM rahate hai, taba karma ke nimitta se hone vAlI vyAdhi aura upAdhi bhI nahIM rahatI aura jIva apane vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai / yahI jaina dharma sammata 'mokSa' hai / mukta dazA meM AtmA azarIra, atIndriya, ananta, caitanyayukta, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI aura anaMta Atmika vIrya se samRddha hotA hai / vikAra hI vikAra ko utpanna karate haiN| jo AtmA sarvathA nirvikAra hoM jAtI hai, vaha punaH kabhI vikAramaya nahIM hotI / vaha Asrava aura baMdha ke kAraNoM se hamezA ke lie mukta ho jAtI hai| isI kAraNa se mukta dazA zAzvata hai| muktAtmA punaH kabhI saMsAra meM avatIrNa nahIM hotii| vaha janma maraNa se pUrNataH nivRtta hotI baMdha tattva ke cAra prakAroM ko aura karmabaMdha ke svarUpa ko samajhakara AtmA ko vicAra karanA cAhie ki ina cAra prakAroM ke karmabaMdha ke kAraNa maiM anAdi kAla se isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hU~ aura aneka kaSTa sahana kie haiN| aba bhI yadi karma-baMdhana kA tyAga nahIM kiyA, to bhaviSya meM bhI saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karanA par3egA / baMdha cAra prakAra ke hai* prakRtibaMdha, sthitibaMdha, anubhAgabaMdha aura pradezabaMdha / yahI duHkha kA mUla kAraNa hai / yahI jIva aura karma kA saMbaMdha sthApita kara jIva ko saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAne vAlA hai aura usake jJAnAdi guNoM ko AvRtta karane vAlA hai| AtmA ke anaMta guNa prakaTa karane ke lie aura karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie karmabaMdhana ke jo kAraNa haiM, unakA tyAga karanA cAhie / baMdha kA svarUpa aura AtmA kA svarUpa alaga-alaga haiN| sAre karmoM ko naSTa karake mokSa pada prApta karanA hai, isIlie baMdha tattva kA yathArtha svarUpa jAnanA caahie| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra AtmA para se karmoM kA AvaraNa dUra hone para hI use siddhAvasthA prApta hotI hai aura janma-mRtyu ke baMdhana se mukti milatI hai /

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326 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sandarbha sUcI 1. ka) umAravAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 8, sUtra, 3 sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte / 2 / sa bandhaH / / kha) zrImadamRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) -zlo. 13, pR. 142 yajjIvaH sakaSayatvomaNo yogyapudgalan / Adatte sarvato yogAt sa bandhaH kathito jinaiH / / 13 / / 2. anu.jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. sUyagaDAMgasUtra-zru.2, gA.15 pR. 498 Natthi baMdhe mokkhe vA / NevaM sannaM nivesae / / atthi baMdhe mokkhe vA / evaM sannaM nivesae / / 15 / / 3. kSu. jinedravarNI - jainedrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 166, 170 ka) baddhate'nena baMdhanamAtraM vA baMdhaH / kha) vadha iva baMdhaH / ga) badhnAti, badhyate'so, badhyate'nena bandhanamAtraM vA bandhaH / gha) karaNAdisAdhaneSyayaM bandhazabdo draSTavyaH / / tatra kAraNasAdhanastAvat -badhyate' nenAtmeti bandhaH / ca) abhimatadezagatinirodhahetu bandhaH / cha) AtmakarmaNoranyonyapravezAnusArapravezalakSaNo baMdhaH / / ja) davvassa dabveNa dava-bhAvANaM vA jo saMjogo samavAo vA so bNdhonnaaN| 4. ka) anu. jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. uttarAdhyayana-sUtra a. 28, gA. 14 (TIkA), pR. 153. bandhazca jIvakarmaNoratyantaMsazleSaH / kha) nanu bandho jIvakarmaNoH saMyogo' bhipretaH / AcArya bhikSu - navapadArtha, pR. 707 5. vijayamuni zAstrI - adhyAtmasAdhanA - pR. 37, 38 upAdhyAya amaramuni - cintana kI manobhUmi - pR. 61 bujhijjati tuTTijjA bandhanaM parijANiyA / vijayamunizAstrI - adhyAtmasAdhanA - pR. 36, 37 8. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 8, sU. 1, mithyAdarzananAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH / / 6. AcArya bhikSu-nava padArtha -(anu. zrIcanda rAmapuriyA)- pR. 714-715 10. ka) saM pupphabhikSu - suttAgame (ThANe) bhAga 1, ThA. 2, u. 4, pR. 200. * us

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327 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jIvANaM dohiM ThANehiM pAvakammaM baMdhanti taM jahA rAgeNa ceva, doseNa cev| kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 32, gA. 7. rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM / ga) saM. pupphabhikkhu-suttAgame (samavAe) bhAga 1, sa. 2, pR. 317 duvihe baMdhaNe pannate, taM jahA - rAgabaMdhaNe ceva, dosabaMdhaNe cev| gha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 30 gA. 1 11. ka) abhayadevasUri TIkA - sthAnAMgasUtra - sthA. 2, u. 4, pR. 83 rAgo mAyAlobhakaSAyalakSaNaH, dveSastu krodhamAnakaSAyalakSaNaH, yadAha -mAyA lobhakaSAyazcetyetad rAgasaMjJitaM dvaMdvam / krodho mAnazca punadveSa iti samAsanirdiSTa / / 1 / / kha) u. ni. sthA. 4, u. 1, pR. 183 / jIvA NaM cauhiM ThANehiM aTTha kammapagaDIo ciNiMsu, taM jahA koheNaM mANeNaM mAyAe lobheNaM / 12. saM. pupphabhikkhu-suttAgame(paNNavaNAsuttaM) bhAga 2, pa. 23, u. 1, pR.486 jIve NaM bhNte| kammaM kaihiM ThANehiM baMdhaI? goymaa| dohi ThANehiM, taM jahA - rAgeNa ya doseNa y| rAge duvihe pannatte taMjahA - mAyA ya lobhe y| dose duvihe pnntte| taMjahA - kohe ya mANe y| 13. ka) abhayadevasUri TIkA - sthAnAMgasUtra sthA. 2, u. 4, pR.83 jogA payaDipadesaM ThitiaNubhAgaM kasAyao munni| kha) u. ni. nana mithyAtvAviratikaSayayogA bandhahetavaH / 14. saMyojaka-udayavijayagaNi navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (devaguptasUrinavatattva prakaraNam) gA. 12, bhASya, pR. 27. micchattamaviraI taha, kasAyajogA ya bNdhheutti| evaM caurI mUle, bheeNa u sttvnnnntti|| 100 / / 15. pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi - a.1, sU. 4, pR. 5. AtmakarmaNoranyo'nyapradezAnupravezAtmako bandhaH / - 16. saMyoja-udayavijayagaNi-navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (hemacaMdrasUrisaptatattva- prakaraNa) zlo. 133, pR. 17 sakaSAyatayA jIvaH, karmayogyAMvastu pudgalAn / yadAdatte sa bandhaH syAjjIvAsvAtantrayakAraNam / 17. ka) jainAcArya zrInemicaMdrasidhdAntideva-bRhadravyasaMgraha-a.2, gA.32, pR.81 bajjhAdi kammaM jeNa du cedaNabhAveNa bhAvabaMdho so|| kammAdapadesANaM aNNoNNapavesaNaM idaro / / 32 / /

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328 kha) vidyAnaMdasvAmi AptaparIkSA, kArikA 2, pR. 4. bandho hi saMkSepato dvedhA, bhAvabandho dravyabandhazceti / abhayadevasUri sthAna dravyato bandho nigaDAdirbhAvataH karmmaNA / 16. ka ) u. ni. sthA. 1, pR. 15 sthA. 1. pR. 14 athAdirahito jIvakarmayoga iti pakSaH / kha) u. ni. sthA. 1, pR. 14 'ege baMdhe' 20. kuMdakuMdAcArya - pravacanasAra - (jJeyAdhikAra) pR. 217-218 18. 21. jaina darzana ke nava tattva 24. uvaogamao jIvo mujjhadi rajjedi vA padussedi / pappA vividhe visaye jo hi puNo tehiM sabaMdho / / 83 / / bhAveNa jeNa jIvo pecchadi jANAdi AgadaM visaye / a. 2, rajjadi teNeva puNo vajjhadi kammaM tti uvadeso / / 84 / / ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra ( vivecanakartA - paM. sukhalAlajI) pR. 315-316 kha) haribhadrasUri - SaDadarzanasamuccaya kA. 51, pR. 277. ga) amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) paMcamAdhikAra, zlo. 21, pR. 145 a. 8, sU. 4, pR. 37 prakRtisthityanubhAgapradezAstadvidhayaH / / 4 / / prakRtisthitibandho dvau bandhazcAnubhavAbhidhaH / tathA pradezabandhazca jJeyo bandhaMzcaturvidhaH / / 21 / gha) umAsvAti tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (anu. dhIrajalAla ke. turakhiyA) 22 . ka ) jineMdravarNI - jaineMdrasidhdAMtakoza - bhAga 3, pR. 87 jJAnAvaraNAdayASTavidhakarmANAM tattvayogyapudgaladravyassvIkAraH prakRtibandhaiH / kha) u. ni. kammapayaDI NAma sA kammapayaDI cedi / 23. ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra ) ( anu. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI), antarAyaH / kSu. jineMdravarNI - jaineMdrasidhdAMtakoza gA. 83, 84, a. 8, pU. 218 kha) AcArya zrI tulasI - jainasidhdAntadIpikA-a. 4, pR.66 karmaNAmaSTo mUlaprakRtayaH santi / taM jJAnadarzanayorAvaraNam jJAnAvaraNaM darzanAvaraNaM ca / sukhaduHkhahetuH vedanIyam / darzanacAritraghAtAt mohayati Atmanirmita mohananIyam etibhavasthitiM jIvo yena iti AyuH / bhAga 3, pR. 87

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva prakriyate ajJAnAdikaM phalamanayA AtmanaH iti prakRtizabdavyutpateH / 25. AcArya zrI tulasI-jainasidhdAMta dIpikA (caturthaprakAza), zlo.7 pR. 66 sAmAnyopAttakarmaNAM svabhAvaH prakRti / / 7 / / zlo. 10, pR. 68. 26. u. ni. kAlAvadhAraNaM sthitiH / / 10 / / 27. __umAsvAmi-tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra) (anu. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI) a. 8, pR. 216 28. pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi a. 8, sU. 3. pR. 223 tatsvabhAvAdapracyutiH sthitiH| yathA-ajAgomahiSyAdi kSIraNAM mAdhuryasvabhAvAdapracyutiH sthitiH / tathA jJAnAvaraNAdI nAmarthAnavamAdisvabhAvadapracyAtiH sthitiH / tathA TIkA. kSu. jinedravarNI - jaineMdasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 457. jogavaseNa kammassarUveNa pariNadANaM poggalasaMdhAnaM kasAyavaseNa jIve egasarUveNAvaTThANakAlo hidI nnaam| 30. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra (anu. paM sukhalAlajI), pR. 316 31. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga 2, a.8, sU.3 (TIkA) pR. 567 tadrasavizeSo'nubhavaH / 6 / yathA ajAgomahiSyAvikSIrANAM tIvramandAdibhAvena rasavizeSaH tathA karmapudgalAnA svagata sAmarthya vizeSo'nubhava iti kthyte| 32. AcArya tulasI-jainasiddhAntadIpikA-(caturtha prakAza), pR. 68 vipAko'nubhAgaH / / 11 / / raso'nubhAgo'nubhAvaH klpniiyH| 33. kSu. jinedravI - jaineMdasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 1 - pR. 60 ka) vipAko'nubhavaH / sa yathA naam| kha) kammANaM jo tu raso ajjhavasANajaNida suho asuho vaa| baMdho so aNubhAgo padesabaMdho imo hoi| ga) aTTaNNaM vi kammANaM jIvapadesANaM annnnonnnnaannugmnnheduprinnaamo| gha) zubhAzubhakarmaNAM nirjarAsamaye sukhaduHkhasaphaladAna zaktiyuktoyanubhAgavabandhaH / / ca) sAdi aNAdiya aTTa ya pstthirpruuvnnaathaasnnN| paccaya vivAya desA sAmitteNAha annubhaago|| 34. umAsvAti - sabhASya tattvarthAdhigamasUtra - (hiMdI anu. paM. khUbacaMdrajI siddhAntazAstrI), pR. 355 35. ka) saMyojaka - udayavijayagaNi - navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (devendrasari) (navatatvaprakaraNam) - gA. 71 vRtti, pR. 47

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva prakRtiH samudAyaH syAt sthitiH kAlAvadhAraNam / anubhAgo raso jJeya, pradezo balasaMcayaH / / kha) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra (vivecanakartA - paM sukhalAjI pu. 316 36. umAsvAmi-tattvArthasUtra (marAThI anu. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI) a.8, pR. 218 37. umAravAti -sabhASya tattvArthAdhigama (hiMdI anu. paM khUbacaMdrajI siddhAntazAstrI) pR. 355 38. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza, pR. 372 36. AcArya tulasI - jainasiddhAntadIpikA - pR. 70 dalasaMcayaH karmAtmanorekyaM vA pradezaH / / 12 / / (dalasaMcayaH - karmapudgalAnAmiyattAvadhAraNam / ) 40. AcArya bhikSu - navapadArtha - pR. 718 41. amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra (paMcamAdhikAra) - pU. 158, zlo. 47-50 (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) 42. umAsvAmI - mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra) TIkAkAra - paM. pannAlAla jaina, sAhityAcArya, pR. 145-146 43. gRddhApicchAcArya - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra) (marAThI anu. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI) pR. 216 44. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 373. 45. ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 8, sU. 5. Adyo jJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyuSkanAmagotrAntarAyAH / kha) malayagirikRta - TIkA - karmaprakRti - pR. 2. jJAnAvaraNadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyuSkanAmagotrAntarAyarUpaM / / ga) amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra - (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) zlo. 22, pR. 145. jJAnadarzanayorodho vedayaM mohAyuSI tathA / / nAmagotrAntarAyAzca mUlaprakRtayaH smRtAH / / 22 / / 46. malayagirikRta - TIkA - karmaprakRti - pra. 2 sAmAnyavizeSAtmake vastuni vizeSagrahaNAtmako bodho jJAnaM, tadAbhiyate AcchAdyate' neneti jJAnAvaraNaM / 47. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga 1-a., sU. 6, (TIkA) pR. 44 manaH pratItya pratisaMdhAya vA jJAnaM manaHparyayaH / / /

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331 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 43. ka) u. ni. bhAga 2, a. 8, sU. 6, pR. 570 matizrutAvadhimanaHparyAyakevalanAm / / 6 / / kha) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. - jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 365 46. malayagirikRta TIkA - karmaprakRti - pR. 2 / sAmAnyagrahaNAtmo bodho darzana, tadAbriyate'neneti darzanAvaraNaM / / 50. ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-mA. 2, a. 8, sU. 7, pR. 572 cakSuracakSuravadhikevalanAM nidrAnidrAnidrApracalA pracalApracalAratyAnagRddhayazca / / 7 / / kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 33, gA. 5-6 ga) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza, pR. 365-366 51. ka) malayagirikRta - TIkA - karmaprakRti pR. 2 vedyate AhulAdArirUpeNa yatavedanIyaM / yadyApi sarvakarma vedyati. tathApi paMkajAdipadavadvedanIyapadasya rUDhiviSayatvAtsAtA sAtarUpameva karma vedanImucyate / kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga 2-a. 8, sU. 8, pR. 573 sadasadvedhye / / 8 / / ga) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 33 gA. 7. vedaNIya pi ya duvihaM sAyamasAyaM ca AhiyaM / sAyassa u bahu bheyA emeva asAyassa vi / / 52. malayagirikRta TIkA - karmaprakRti - pR. 2. mohayati sadasadvivekavikalaM karotyAtmAnamiti mohanIyaM / jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 366 - 367. 54. ka) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 33, gAthA 8, 6, 10, 11. kha) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. - jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 367. ga) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 8, sU. 10. darzanacAritramohanIyakaSAyanokaSAyavedanIyAkhyAstridviSoDazanavabhedAH ..... hAsyaratyAratizokabhayajugupsAstrIpuMnapuMsakavedAH / / 10 / / 55. ka) malayagirikRta TIkA - karmaprakRti - pR. 2 kRbahulAmiti kartaryanIyaH / etyAgacchati pratibandhakatAM kugatiniryiyAsojantorityAyuH / kha) u. ni. yaddhAsamantAdeti gacchAti bhavAntarasaddakAnto .. jantUnAM vipAkodayamityAyuH /

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332 jaina darzana ke nava tattva a. 8, sU. 10, pR. 575 56. ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika nArakatairyagyonamAnuSadaivAni / 10 / / 57. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza, pR. 367-368 58. malayagirikRta TIkA - karmaprakRti - pR. 2 ubhayatrApyoNAdika us pratyayaH / nAmayati gatyAdiparyAyAnubhavanaM prati pravaNayati jIvamiti nAma / 56. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 368 60. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jaitattvaprakAza pR. 368-366 61. malayagirikRta TIkA - karmaprakRti - pR. 2. gUyate zabdayate uccAvacai, zabdairyattagotraM uccanIcakulotpatyabhivyaMgyaH paryAyavizeSaH, tadvipAkavedakaM karmApi gotraM / 62. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza pR. 366 63. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra a. 8, sU. 13 uccainIcezca |13| 64. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza - pR. 366 65. ka) malayagirikRta TIkA - karmaprakRti - pR. 2. jIvaM dAnAdikaM cAntarA vyavadhAnApAdanAyaiti gacchatItyantarAyaM / kha) umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra - a -a. 8, sU. 14 dAnAdInAm / 14 / ga) u. ni. a. 6, sU. 26. vighnakaraNamantarAyasya / / 26 / / 66. ka) jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza, pR. 366 kha) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 2, sU. 4. jJAnadarzanadAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANi ca / 4 / ga) vijayAnaMdasUri - jainatattvAdarza - bhAga 1, pR. 6. antarAyA dAnAlAbhavIrya bhogopabhogagAH / gha) pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhiH a. 8, sU. 13, pR. 231 dAnalAbhabhogopabhogavIryANam / / 13 / / ityAdidAnAdipariNAmavyAghAtahetuttvAdvayapradezaH / / - - 67. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra a. 8, sU. 5 Adyo jJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanIyAyuSkanAmagotrAntarAyAH / / 5 / / 68. jainAcArya amolakaRSijI ma. jainatattvaprakAza pR. 370 66. AcArya bhikSu - navapadArtha (anu. zrIcaMda rAmapuriyA), pR Mohanlal Mehta - Jaina Psychology - pp. 1-30 71. ka ) devendramunizAstrI - jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 460 - - -

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva mm 76. kha) umAsvAti- tattvArthasUtra - a. 10, sU. 1 mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevlm| 72. vijayalakSmaNasUrIzvarajI ma. - AtmatattvavicAra - pR. 308 - 301 73. kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 2, pR. 25 74. jainadivAkara paM. munizrI cauthamalajI mahArAja (anu.) nirgranthapravacana pR. 80-81 75. vyAkhyAkAra marudhara kesarI pravartaka munizrI mizrImalajI karma grantha (jaina karmazAstra kA sarvAMga vivecana) sa. zrIcaMda surAnA 'sarasa' ANi devakumAra jaina - bhAga 1 (prastAvanA), pR. 22-24 vyAkhyAkAra marudhara kesarI pravartaka munizrI mizrImalajI ma.-karmagraMtha bhAga 4 (Amukha), pR. 5 77. kuMdakuMdAcArya-kuMdakuMdabhAratI(samayasAra), gA.332, 333, 334 pR. 101 kammehi du aNNANNo kijjai NANI taheva kammehiM / kammehiM suvAvijjai jaggAvijjai taheva kammehiM / / 323 / / kammehiM suhAvijjai dukkhAvijjai taheva kmmehiN| kammehiM ya micchataM Nijjai Nijjai asaMjamaM ceva / / 333 / / kammehi bhamADijjai uDDhamaho cAvi tiriyaloyaM ya / kammehi ceva kijjai suhAsuhaM jiviyaM kiMci / / 334 / / 78. paM. baladeva upAdhyAya - bhAratIyadarzana - pR. 22-23 76. devendramunizAstrI - dharma aura darzana - pR. 67 60. ka) DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA va pro. hIrAlAla ra. kApaDiyA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa - bhAga 4, pR. 14-15 kha) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 8, sU. 1 81. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan bhagavadgItA - pR. 164-165 kiM karma kimakarmeti kavayo'pyatra mohitAH / taMse karma pravakSyAmi yajjJAtvA mokSyase'zubhAt / / 16 / / karmaNo hyApi bauddhavyaM bauddhavyaM ca vikarmaNaH / akarmaNazca bauddhavyaM gahanA karmaNo gatiH / / 17 / / karmaNyakarma yaH pazyedakarmaNi ca karma yH| sa buddhImAnmanuSyeSu sa yukta kRtsnakarmakRt / / 18 / / 62. saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI-bhAratIya saMskRtikoza, khaM. 2, pR. 134 4. ka) kuMdakuMdAcArya - pravacanasAra (jJeyAdhikAra) gA. 86, pu. 222 suhapariNAmo puNNa asuho pAva tti bhnniymnnnnesu|

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334 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pariNAmo NaNNagado dukkhakkhakAraNaM samaye / / 6 / / kha) kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA. 147, pR. 213 ja suhamasuhamudiNNaM bhAvaM ratto karedi jadi appaa| so teNa havadi baMdho poggalakammeNa viviheNa / / 147 / / 25. sarva sevA-saMgha-prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasIH samaNasuttaM, pR. 20 yaM yaM samayaM jIvaH avizati yena yena bhaaven| saH tasmin samaye, zubhAraMbha badhnAti karma / 2 / saMskRta-chAyA - paM. becaradAsajI dozI 26. kuMdakuMdAcArya-kundakunda-bhAratI (samayasAra) gA. 256, pR. 85 esA du jA maI dukhidesuhide karemi sttetti| esA de mUDhamaI suhAsuhaM baMdhae kammaM / / 256 / / 17. vyAkhyAkAra - marudhara kesarI pravartaka munazrI mizrImilajI ma. karmagrantha, bhAga 1, gA. 1, pR. 1 28. ka) samaNasuttaM, pR. 20 sarvasevAsaMgha-prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasIH karmatvena eka, dravyaM bhAvaM iti bhavitaM dvividhaM tu| pudgalapiNDI dravyaM, tacchakti bhAvakarma tu / / 7 / / saMskRta-chAyA-paM. becaradAsajI dozI. kha) vyAkhyAkAra - marudhara kesarI pravartaka munizrI mizrImalajI ma. karmagrantha, bhAga 1, pR. 55-56 89. ka) marudhara kesarI pravartaka munizrI mizrImalajI ma. karmagrantha - bhAga 1, pR. 55-56 kha) paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA-gaNadharavAda kI aprakAzita prastAvanA-pR. 1 . 60. u. ni. pR. 81 11. anu. paM. sukhalAlajI-karmavipAka arthAt karmagraMtha-prathama bhAga, pR. 16-20 12. DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA va hIrAlAla ra. kApaDiyA - jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa - bhAga 4, pR. 5 63. ka) marudhara kesarI pravartaka munizrI mizrImalajI ma. - karmagraMtha-bhAga 2 (prastAvanA), pR. 21-22 kha) saM. zrIcaMda surAnA 'sarasa' AcAryapravara zrI AnaMdaRSi ma. abhinaMdana graMtha (kanhaiyAlAla loDhA - karmasiddhAMta bhAgya nirmANa kI kalA) - pR. 385-389 64. saM. zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara - Rgveda - saMhitA - maM 7, sU. 86, maM 6, pR. 449 - na sa svo dakSo varUNa dhRtiH saa||

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335 65. zvetAzvataropaniSada - ( gItA presa, gorakhapura)-3 ) - a. 1, zlo. 2, pR. 71 kAlaH svabhAvoniyatiryadRcchAbhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyA / saMyoga eSA na tyAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhaduHkhahetoH / / 2 / / 66. saM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA - gaNadharavAda (gujarAtI anuvAda) 67. ka) paM. vijayamuni zAstrI - vizvadarzanakI rUparekhA - bhAga 1, pR. 113-114 kha) kSu. jineMdravarNI jaineMdra siddhAMtakoza bhAga 3, pR. 178 evaM rAgapariNAma evaM bandhanakAraNaM jJAtvA samastarAgAdi vikalpajAla tyAgena / vizuddhajJAnadarzasvabhAvanijAtmatatve nirantaraM bhAvanA kartavyeti / 88. tt. jaina darzana ke nava tatva ga) upAdhyAya amaramuni cintana kI manobhUmi AcArya zrI AnaMdaRSijI - jainadharma ke navattatva munizrI suzIlakumArajI zAstrI - jainadharma : jIvanadharma - pR. 61-63 pR. 28 pR. 113

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navama adhyAya mokSa tattva mokSa navatattvoM meM antima va atyanta mahattvapUrNa tattva hai| navatattvoM kA jJAna prApta karanA mokSaprApti ke lie atyAvazyaka hai / prANimAtra kA antima lakSya mokSa hI hai aura usI ke lie unake saba prayatna calate haiM; parantu mokSa kaise prApta hotA hai isakA jJAna saba ko hotA hI hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, isIlie mokSa mArga kA vivecana Avazyaka hai / mokSa kA artha karma ke baMdhana se mukti prApta karanA hai| AtmA kA vizuddha svarUpa hI mokSa hai| isa prakAra kI vizuddha dazA meM AtmA yA jIva karmasaMyoga se saMpUrNataH mukta huA hotA hai| isIlie kahA gayA hai ki jIva aura karma kA saMpUrNa viyoga hI mokSa hai arthAt saMpUrNa karma kA kSaya honA hI mokSa hai / ' mokSa tattva yaha baMdha tattva ke pUrNatayA viparita hai| jisa prakAra kArAgRha ke saMdarbha meM hI svataMtratA kA artha dhyAna meM AtA hai usI prakAra baMdha ke saMdarbha meM hI usake pratipakSI mokSa kA artha spaSTa hotA hai / mithyAdarzana Adi baMdha ke kAraNa haiM / unakA nirodha ( saMvara) karane para nae karmoM ke baMdha kA abhAva hokara nirjarA ke dvArA pUrvopArjita karmoM kA vinAza hotA hai, taba saba prakAra ke karmoM se hamezA ke lie Atyantika yA pUrNa mukti prApta hotI hai / yahI mokSa hai| baMdha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hone para evaM nirjarA ke dvArA karmoM kA kSaya honA hI mokSa hai bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm / ( tattvArthasUtra 10 / 2) I jaina darzana meM mokSa ke do kAraNa mAne gae haiM, ve haiM- saMvara aura nirjarA / saMvara se Astrava arthAt karma kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai, arthAt nae karmoM kA baMdha nahIM hotA tathA nirjarA se pUrva baddha karma naSTa ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra karmoM ke baMdhana se mukta honA yahI mokSa hai / mukti, nirvANa yA paramazAMti AtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa ko hI mokSa, kahate haiM / ataH AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa hI mokSa hai| baMdha kA abhAva aura ghAti karma ke kSaya se kevalajJAna utpanna hone para aura zeSa saba karmoM kA kSaya hone para mokSa prApta hotA hai| baMdha kA viyoga hI mokSa haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM karmoM kA abhAva hI mokSa hai / ' zuddha Atma-svarUpa meM sthira hone kI avasthA hI mokSa kI avasthA hai / paraMtu saMsAra kI sthiti isase bhinna hai| jIva jaba taka bAhya padArthoM kI Asakti kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai, taba taka AtmA apanA zuddha svarUpa prakaTa nahIM kara sakatA arthAt AtmA baMdhana se mukta nahIM ho sakatA / -

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337 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jaina darzana AtmA rUpI dIpaka ke bujhane ko mokSa nahIM mAnatA, varan AtmA meM jo rAga-dveSa ke vikAra Ate haiM unheM dUra karake zuddha Atma svarUpa ko prakaTa karanA hI 'mokSa' hai, aisA mAnatA hai| kyoMki jaina darzana ke anusAra muktAvasthA meM AtmA kI jJAnajyoti prajvalita rahatI hai| jaina darzana meM vizeSa karake 'mokSa' athavA 'mukti' zabda kA prayoga dikhAI detA hai aura usakA artha karmabaMdhana se chUTanA yA mukta honA hai| anAdi kAla se AtmA jisa karmabaMdhana se baddha hai, use chor3akara saMpUrNatayA svataMtra honA hI mokSa hai| rAga-dveSa se mukta honA hI, saMsAra ke karmabaMdhana se mukta honA hai, isI kA artha mokSa aura siddhatva kI prApti hai| yaha AtmA kI parama vizuddha avasthA hai| mokSa kA sukha ananta aura alaukika hai| navatattvoM meM 'mokSa' tattva sabase zreSTa tattva hai| mokSa kA artha hai karmoM se mukti| mokSa kA sukha zAzvata hai| usake sukhoM kA kabhI anta nahIM hotA / devoM ke sukha agaNita haiM, parantu devoM kA yaha traikAlika sukha bhI eka siddha AtmA ke sukha ke anaMtaveM bhAga kI bhI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| mokSa kA svarUpa mokSa hI jIvamAtra kA parama aura carama lakSya hai| jisane sAre kamoM kA nAza karake apanA sAdhya prApta kara liyA, usane pUrNa sukha prApta kiyaa| karmabaMdhana se mukti prApta hone para janma-maraNarUpI duHkha ke cakra kI gati ruka jAtI hai aura saccidAnanda svarUpa kI prApti hotI hai| baMdhana kI mukti ko 'mokSa' kahate haiN| mokSa meM AtmA kI vaibhAvika dazA samApta ho jAtI haiM / mithyAdarzana samyagdarzana ho jAtA hai, ajJAna samyagjJAna ho jAtA hai, acAritra samyakcAritra ho jAtA hai, AtmA nirmala aura nizcala ho jAtI hai; zAnta evaM gaMbhIra sAgara ke samAna cetanA nirvikalpa ho jAtI hai| mokSa dazA meM AtmA kA abhAva nahIM hotA aura vaha acetana bhI nahIM rhtaa| AtmA eka svataMtra dravya hai| usake abhAva aura nAza kI kalpanA karanA mithyAtva hai| kitanA bhI parivartana huA ho to bhI Atma dravya kA nAza nahIM ho sktaa| kamoM se mukti * rAga-dveSa kA saMpUrNa kSaya hone para hotI hai| vastutaH baMdha ke kAraNoM kA aura pUrva saMcita kamoM kA pUrNa rUpa se kSaya honA hI mokSa hai| isa tAttvika bhUmikA meM AtmA kA apane zuddha svarUpa meM cirakAla ke lie sthira honA hI mokSa yA mukti manuSya- tiryaca, choTA-bar3A, amIra-garIba, strI-puruSa Adi bheda kamoM ke kAraNa hote haiN| jaba karmoM kA pUrNa rUpa se kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba ye bheda nahIM rhte| phira bhI jaina darzana meM mukta jIva ke bheda kI jo kalpanA kI gaI hai, vaha

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338 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva loka-vyavahAra kI dRSTi se kI gaI hai| (siddhoM ke paMdraha bheda mukta hone kI pUrvasthiti ke sUcaka hai| pUrvAvasthA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI ye bheda batAe gae haiN|) vastutaH mukta jIvoM meM choTA-bar3A Adi kisI bhI prakAra kA koI bheda nahIM hai| mukta jIva AdhyAtmika samatA aura samAnatA ke sAmrAjya meM rama jAte haiN| mokSa yA mukti yaha koI sthAna vizeSa nahIM hai| AtmA ke zuddha, cinmaya svarUpa kI prApti hI mokSa (mukti) hai| karma se mukta hone para arthAt AtmA ke sAre baMdhana naSTa ho jAne para mukta AtmA lokAgra bhAga para sthita hotA hai| isa lokAgra ko vyavahAra bhASA meM siddhazilA (siddha ke rahane kA sthAna) kahate haiN| jIva eka dravya hai aura yaha dravya 'loka' ke Urdhva, madhya aura adhobhAga meM janma maraNa karatA rahatA hai| jIva kA svabhAva UrdhvagAmI hone se mukta avasthA meM lokAgra para svayaM pahu~ca jAtA hai| dIpaka kI jyoti kI pravRtti Upara kI ora yAnI UrdhvagAmI hai| karma ke kAraNa usameM jar3atA AtI hai| parantu karmamukta hote hI svAbhAvika rUpa se AtmA kI Urdhvagati hotI hai| tadanantaramUrdhva gacchatyA lokAntAt / tattvArthasUtra 10/5 jaba taka karma pUrNataH naSTa nahIM hote taba taka AtmA kA svabhAva zuddha nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra bAdala dUra hote hI sUrya punaH apane prakAza se camakane lagatA hai, usI prakAra AtmA se karma dUra hote hI AtmA apane zuddha svabhAva se punaH camakane lagatA hai| parantu yahA~ itanA dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki sUrya para phira kabhI bAdala A sakate haiM, parantu AtmA eka bAra karma mukta hone para vaha phira kabhI karma se yukta nahIM ho sktaa| mukti, nirvANa, apavarga, siddhi Adi mokSa ke hI vividha nAma haiN| mokSa-prApti ke upAya Agama meM mokSa prApti ke cAra upAya haiM - (1) jJAna (2) darzana (3) cAritra aura (4) tapa / jJAna se tattva kA Akalana hotA hai, darzana se tattva para zraddhA hotI hai| cAritra se Ane vAle karma ko rokA jAtA hai aura tapa ke dvArA baMdhe hue kamoM kA kSaya hotA hai| ina cAra upAyoM se koI bhI jIva mokSaprApti kara sakatA hai| isa sAdhanA ke lie jAti, kula, veSa Adi koI bhI bAdhaka nahIM hai| vastutaH jisane karma rUpI baMdhana ko tor3akara AtmaguNa ko prakaTa kiyA hai, vahI mokSa-prApti kA saccA adhikArI hai| mokSa ke lakSaNa jaba AtmA karmamala (aSTakarma) evaM tajjanya vikAroM (rAga, dveSa, moha) aura zarIra ko naSTa kara detA hai, taba usake svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNa prakaTa ho

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339 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jAte hai aura vaha avyAbAdha sukharUpa sarvathA vilakSaNa svarUpa ko prApta hotA hai| ise hI mokSa kahate haiN| saba kamoM ke Atyantika uccheda ko 'mokSa' kahate haiN| mokSa zabda 'mokSaNaM mokSaH' isa prakAra kriyApradhAna hai| mokSa 'asane' dhAtu se banA huA hai| jisase kamoM kA mUla se uccheda hotA hai aura karma se saMpUrNataH mukti hotI hai, vahI mokSa hai| jisa prakAra baMdhana meM par3e prANI kI ber3iyA~ kholane para vaha svataMtra hokara, yatheccha gamana kara sukhI hotA hai, usI prakAra karma baMdhana kA viyoga hone para AtmA svAdhIna hokara ananta jJAna-darzana rUpa anupama sukha kA anubhava karatA Atma-svabhAva kI ghAtaka mUla aura uttara karma prakRtiyoM ke saMcaya se chuTakArA prApta kara lenA, yahI mokSa hai aura yaha anirvacanIya hai| AtmA aura karma ko alaga-alaga karane ko hI 'mokSa' kahate haiN|" baMdha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva aura pUrvabaddha kamoM kI nirjarA se saba karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya honA yahI 'mokSa' hai|2 mokSa kA vivecana jaina darzana IzvaravAdI nahIM, AtmavAdI darzana hai| AtmA hI paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| yaha bAta jaina dharma meM vizeSa rUpa se kahI gayI hai| jaina dharma kA zAzvata siddhAnta hai ki sukha yaha AtmA kA svabhAva hai| zubha karma se sukha aura azubha karma se duHkha prApta hotA hai| . yadi siddhAtmA ke sAre guNoM ko ekatrita karake usakA anantavA~ hissA banAyA jAya ve bhI isa loka meM sAtha hI aloka meM phaile hue anaMta AkAza meM nahIM samA skeNge| yogazAstra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki svargaloka, mRtyuloka evaM pAtAlaloka meM surendra, narendra aura asurendra ko jo sukha milatA hai, vaha saba sukha milakara bhI mokSasukha ke anantaveM bhAga (hisse) kI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| mokSa kA sukha svAbhAvika hai| indriya kI apekSA na rakhane se vaha atIndriya hai, nitya hai| isalie mokSa ko dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArtha meM 'parama puruSArtha' yA 'caturvarga ziromaNi' kahA gayA hai| 13 jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA ko baddha karane vAle AThoM prakAra ke kamoM kA kSaya honA hI 'mokSa' hai| saMvara aura nirjarA ye mokSa ke sAdhana haiN| saMvara yAnI "karma Ane ke dvAra ko baMda karanA" aura nirjarA yAnI "pUrva meM AtmA ke sAtha baMdhe hue karma kA kSaya krnaa"| jaina darzana ke anusAra mokSa kA sarala artha "samasta karmoM se mukti" yaha hai| isameM acche aura bure donoM prakAra ke karma Ate haiN| kAraNa jisa prakAra ber3iyA~ cAhe ve sone kI ho yA lohe kI, manuSya ko bAMdhakara hI rakhatI haiM, usI

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340 jaina darzana ke nava tattva 1 prakAra jIva ko usake zubha aura azubha aise donoM prakAra ke karmoM ke dvArA baMdhana meM rakhA jAtA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM mokSa kA artha hai- "rAga aura dveSa kA pUrNa kSaya" / vastutaH karma - baMdhana se chuTakArA aura pUrva meM saMcita karmoM kA pUrNa rUpa se kSaya honA hI 'mokSa' hai / tAttvika dRSTi se aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA kA apane zuddha svarUpa meM cira kAla sthira rahanA yahI mokSa yA mukti hai / mokSa AtmavikAsa kI pUrNa avasthA hai aura pUrNatva meM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hotA / mokSa yA mukti yaha koI sthAna - vizeSa nahIM, varana vaha AtmA ke pUrNa zuddha aura cinmaya svarUpa kI prApti hai / isa avasthA ko vaidika darzana meM " saccidAnaMda" avasthA kahA hai aura jaina darzana meM "siddhAvasthA" kahA hai| jaba taka karma kA pUrNatayA kSaya nahIM hotA, taba taka AtmA kA zuddha svabhAva Avarita rahatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi se mukta jIva anaMtacatuSTayaanaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtasukha evaM anaMtavIrya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai| jaina dArzanika Izvara ke astitva para vizvAsa nahIM rakhate, isalie unake matAnusAra jIva svayaM hI apane prayatnoM se mokSa prApta karatA hai / isI prakAra vizva kI utpatti kA mUla kAraNa bhI Izvara nahIM hai / AtmA svayaM hI apane saMsAra kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| jaina darzana kA pramukha uddezya yaha hai ki, AtmA duHkhoM se mukta hokara anaMta sukha kI ora jaae| jIva aura pudgala ina donoM kA saMbaMdha anaMtakAla se cala rahA hai| pudgala ke bAhya saMyoga se hI jIva vividha prakAra ke duHkhoM kA anubhava karatA hai| jaba taka jIva aura pudgala ina donoM kA saMbaMdha naSTa nahIM hotA, taba taka AdhyAtmika sukha saMbhava nahIM hogaa| mokSa ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra hI zreSTha mArga batAyA hai| ahiMsA aura anekAnta ye jaina darzana ke mukhya siddhAnta haiN| vicAroM meM anekAnta aura vyavahAra meM ahiMsA Ane para jIvana sukhI aura zAnta hotA hai / AtmavAda, karmavAda aura anekAntavAda, saptabhaMgI Adi jaina darzana ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta haiM / muktAtmA karma - zarIra, indriyA~, mana aura tajjanya vikalpa se rahita hokara anaMtavIrya, anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana aura anaMtasukha meM magna hotA hai / muktAtmA nidrA, taMdrA, bhaya, bhrAnti, rAga, dveSa, pIr3A, zoka, moha, janma, jarA, maraNa, kSudhA, tRSNA, matsara, rati, arati, zIta, uSNa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi saba vikAroM se rahita hotA hai / mokSa yaha Atma - vikAsa kI pUrNa avasthA hai / pratyeka AtmA jJAna, darzana Adi anaMta guNoM se paripUrNa hai| unhIM guNoM ke prakaTana aura vikAsa kA nAma 'mokSa' hai 1

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341 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa alaga-alaga darzanoM meM 'mokSa' ke lie nirvANa, mokSa, mukti, nivRtti, kaivalya Adi zabdoM kA upayoga huA hai| isakA mukhya artha zAMti yA duHkhanivRtti hai| cArvAka ke alAvA prAyaH sAre bhAratIya darzanoM meM avidyA yA ajJAna ke saMpUrNa nAza ko 'mokSa' kahA hai| sAMkhya darzana sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra mokSa kA sAdhana jJAna hai aura avidyA yA ajJAna kA vinAza hI mokSa hai| dharmAcaraNa se brahma, saumya Adi ucca deva yoniyoM meM janma milatA hai| adharma ke AcaraNa se pazu Adi nIca yoniyoM meM janma milatA hai| prakRti aura puruSa meM viveka jJAna ke kAraNa mokSa prApta hotA hai| usI taraha prakRti aura puruSa viSayaka viparyaya jJAna se bandha hotA hai| jaba taka puruSa ko buddhi, ahaMkAra, pA~ca tanmAtrAe~, sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa aura zabda, ahaMkAra janya pA~ca jJAna-indriyA~, pA~ca karma indriyA~ tathA bhautika zarIra Adi anAtma padArthoM meM 'maiM sunatA hU~, maiM dekhatA hU~' aisA bhrama hotA hai, aura vaha zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai, taba taka use isa viparyaya jJAna se bandha hotA hai| lekina jaba use prakRti aura puruSa kA bheda dhyAna meM AtA hai, taba vaha puruSa ke alAvA yaha saba vastuoM ko prakRtikRta aura triguNAtmaka mAnakara unase virakta hotA hai aura use 'maiM nahIM, yaha merA nahIM' aisA viveka jAgrata hotA hai, taba aise samyagjJAna se use mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika aura Adhidaivika ina trividha duHkhoM kI prApti kA kAraNa avidyA hai| avidyA kA vinAza viveka se hotA hai| uparokta ke vividha duHkhoM kI Atyantika hAni hI mokSa hai| sAMkhya kArikA meM duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti ko hI "kaivalya" kahA hai| kaivalya kI prApti tattvajJAna hone para hI saMbhava hotI hai| kaivalya prApti ke bAda sAre saMzaya dUra ho jAte haiM aura hRdaya kI sArI graMthiyA~ naSTa ho jAtI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAMkhya darzana meM viparyaya ko baMdha aura jJAna ko mokSa mAnA gayA hai| usameM ajJAna kA nAza hI mokSa hai|" mImAMsA darzana isa darzana ke anusAra AtmA se bhinna vijAtIya vastuoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha honA yaha bandha hai| mImAMsA darzana tIna bandhana mAnatA hai - (1) bhoktA zarIra, (2) bhoga ke sAdhana aura (3) bhoga viSaya (saba jAgatika pdaarth)| . AtmA anAdi kAla se ina tIna baMdhanoM meM par3A hai aura aneka prakAra ke kaSTa sahana kara rahA hai| ina baMdhanoM ke kAraNa AtmA sukha aura duHkha bhogatA hai|

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342 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ise hI bhavabandha kahA gayA hai| bhavabandha ke kAraNa hI manuSya janma-maraNa ke cakra meM ghUmatA hai| isalie mAnava aise sAMsArika baMdhanoM se mukti kI icchA karatA hai| inase mukti prApta honA yahI 'mokSa' hai| 'zAstradIpikA' meM kahA hai - trividhasyApi bandhanasyAtyantiko vilayo mokssH|16 nyAya-vaizeSika darzana : isa darzana ne duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti ko 'mokSa' mAnA hai, tathApi usane zarIra-viccheda ko mokSa nahIM mAnA hai| unake mata meM bhI tattvajJAna hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| isa darzana meM aSTAMgayoga (yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi) ke anuSThAna se tattvajJAna kI prApti mAnI gaI hai| aSTAMgayoga dvArA tattvajJAna prApta hone para AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai aura AtmasAkSAtkAra hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| 'AtmasAkSAtkAro mokSahetuH / amarabhAratI -pR. 100' / dharma aura adharma inakI ora anukrama se icchA aura dveSa ke kAraNa pravRtti hotI hai| usase sukharUpI aura duHkharUpI saMsAra prApta hotA hai| jisa puruSa ko tattvajJAna prApta botA hai, usameM icchA, dveSa Adi bhAva nahIM rhte| ve na rahane se dharma-adharma nahIM hetA, pariNAmataH zarIra aura mana kA saMyoga nahIM hotA, janma-maraNa nahIM hotA aura saMcita karma kA nirodha hone para mokSa prApta hotA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka bujhane para aMdherA ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra dharma-adharma ke baMdhana naSTa hone para janma-maraNa kA saMsAra cakra naSTa ho jAtA hai isalie SaT padArthoM kA jJAna hone se anAgata dharma aura adharma kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI aura saMcita dharma-adharma kA upabhoga aura jJAnAgni se vinAza hone para mokSa prApta hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki viparyaya yaha bandha kA kAraNa hai aura tattvajJAna yaha mokSa kA kAraNa hai| tattvajJAna se bhrama kA nirAsa hone para janma-maraNa aura duHkhoM kA naSTa ho jAnA, ise hI mokSa kahate haiN| Atyantika duHkha-nivRtti ko hI naiyAyika mokSa kahate haiN| vaizeSikasUtra meM kaNAdaRSi ne kahA hai ki 'dharma aisA padArtha hai ki usase sAMsArika utthAna aura pAramArthika niHzreyasa ye donoM prApta hote haiN| bauddha darzana : isa darzana ke anusAra duHkha nirodha ko hI 'nirvANa' kahA hai| saba duHkhoM ke kAraNoM kA vinAza hI nirvANa yA mokSa hai| bauddha-darzana meM bhI nirvANa ke saMbaMdha meM 'duHkhanirodha' kI vyAkhyA 'duHkha kI AtyaMtika nivRtti' aisI dI huI hai| bauddha avidyA ko baMdha aura vidyA ko mokSa mAnate haiN|

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343 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bauddha mata ke anusAra nirvANa yA mokSa jIvanakAla meM hI prApta ho sakatA hai| ise jIvanamukta kahate haiN| jIvanamukta avasthA meM vyakti rAga-dveSa Adi para vijaya prApta kara apane karmabaMdha kA vinAza karane meM samartha banatA hai| jisa prakAra bIja jala jAne para aMkura kA nirmANa nahIM hotA, usI prakAra karmAsakti ke abhAva meM punarjanma kI prApti nahIM hotI / bauddha darzana meM kahA hai ki - dIpaka bujhane para usakI jyoti jamIna kI ora nahIM jAtI aura AkAza kI ora bhI nahIM jAtI, dizA aura vidizAoM meM bhI nahIM phailatI, tela samApta hone para jyoti zAMta hotI hai, usI prakAra jIva java nirvANa prApta karatA hai, taba vaha bhI pRthvI, AkAza yA kisI bhI dizA kI ora nahIM jAtA, parantu klezakSaya hone se zAMta ho jAtA hai| nirvANa ke saMbaMdha meM bhagavAna buddha kahateM haiM - bhikssuo| a-jAti, a-bhUta, a-kRta (asaMskRta) ina niSedhAtmaka vizeSaNoM kI sahAyatA se bhI kisI bhAvAtmaka nirvANa ko tabhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaba usa Ananda ko bhoganevAlA koI eka nitya dhruvAtmA hogaa| kintu aisA nitya dhruvAtmA nahIM hai, jisa avasthA meM tRSNA kSINa ho jAtI hai| Asava-cittamala (bhoga, janmAMtara aura vizeSa matavAda kI tRSNA) nahIM rahate hai| usa avasthA ko nirvANa kahA gayA hai| ___ bauddha mata ke anusAra arhat anAsakta banakara karma karate rahate haiM, isalie ve karmabaMdhana meM nahIM phNste| bhagavadgItA meM bhI "mA te saMgo'saktastyakarmANi" isa vAkya me yahI kahA gayA hai| bauddha matAnusAra mukta puruSa do prakAra ke haiM - 1) jIvanamukta jIvana ko dhAraNa karake rahate haiN| 2) dUsare ve jinakA sAMsArika jIvana samApta ho gayA hai aura jinhoMne SaDAyatana-zarIra kA parityAga kara diyA haiN| vedAnta darzana : . isa darzana ke anusAra jIva aura brahma kA tAdAtmya yahI 'mukti' hai| citsukhAcArya ke anusAra "paramAnanda kA sAkSAtkAra" yahI mokSa hai| padmapAdAcArya mithyAjJAna ke abhAva ko mokSa mAnate haiN| sAMkhya aura jainadarzana ke samAna vedAnta darzana ne bhI jIvanamukti aura videhamukti ke rUpa meM mukti ke do bheda mAne hai| unakA kahanA hai ki - "tattvamasi" vAkya ke dvArA jIva aura brahma kI ekatA kA jJAna hone se jaba parabrahma kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai taba ajJAna aura usake kArya kA vinAza hone para saMzaya, viparyaya aura saMcita karma naSTa ho jAte haiN| isa avasthA meM brahmavettA jIvita rahate hue bhI saba sAMsArika baMdhanoM se mukta hotA hai| __ isa prakAra brahmaniSTha puruSa ko 'jIvanamukta' kahate haiN| jIvanamukta puruSa kA zarIra naSTa hone para use 'videhamukta' kahate haiN| videhamukta ko 'paramamukta' bhI

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344 jaina darzana ke nava tattva kahate haiM / videhamukti yA paramamukti hone para vyakti kI janma-maraNarUpa sAMsArika baMdhana se Atyantika nivRtti ho jAtI hai / * jaba yogI dIpaka ke samAna ( prakAzasvarUpa ) AtmabhAva ke yoga se brahmatattva ko acchI taraha se pratyakSa dekhatA hai, taba vaha usa ajanmA nizcala saba tattvoM se vizuddha, paramadeva paramAtmA ko jAnakara saba baMdhanoM se cirakAla ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai / 20 manusmRti meM bhI yahI kahA hai ki jisane samyak dRSTi (Atmadarzana, tattvajJAna ) prApta kI, vaha AtmA karmabaddha nahIM hotA arthAt AtmA yAni karmamaya duniyA ke baMdhana meM vaha bAMdhA nahIM jaataa| parantu jise samyak dRSTi prApta nahIM huI, vaha bAra-bAra isa saMsAra meM janma-maraNa ke cakra meM par3atA hai| 21 zivagItA meM likhA hai ki mokSa kisI bhI jagaha rakhA huA nahIM miltaa| use DhUMDhane ke lie kisI dUsare gAMva nahIM jAnA par3atA, parantu hRdaya kI ajJAna graMthi naSTa hone ko hI mokSa kahate haiM / 22 maharSi vedavyAsa ne saMsAra aura mokSa kI paribhASA bar3I sudaMra rIti se kI hai / ve mahAbhArata meM likhate haiM ki mamatA se prANI baMdhana meM par3atA hai aura mamatArahita hone para baMdhana rahita hotA hai / 23 jainadarzana : suprasiddha jaina AcArya umAsvAti ne apane 'tattvArthasUtra' athavA mokSa zAstra ke dasaveM adhyAya meM mokSa kA varNana kiyA hai aura pahale nau adhyAyoM meM jIva, ajIva, Astrava, baMdha, saMvara aura nirjarA tattvoM kA varNana kiyA hai| 1 AtmA anAdi kAla se karma ke saMbaMdha se parataMtra hai| jaina darzana meM mithyA dRSTi ko hI baMdha kA kAraNa mAnA hai / Astrava kA saMvara karane para yAnI avarodha karane para navIna karmoM ke baMdha kA abhAva hone se aura nirjarA yAnI tapAdi dvArA saMcita karmoM kA pUrNa kSaya hone se samasta karmoM se jo Atyantika mukti hotI hai, use hI 'mokSa' yA 'nirvANa' kahA hai 1 sAdhanA kI caudaha bhUmikAoM meM se terahavIM aura caudahavIM bhUmikA para pahu~cane para jIva ko mokSa yA nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| sAdhanA kI ina bhUmikAoM ko hI 'guNasthAna' kahate haiM / bArahavIM bhUmikA ke prArambha meM sAdhaka ke moha kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura usake anta meM jJAnAdi nirodhaka anya karma bhI kSINa ho jAte haiN| terahavIM bhUmikA meM AtmA meM vizuddha jJAna- jyoti prakaTa hotI hai AtmA kI isa avasthA kA nAma sayogI kevalI hai / vizuddha jJAnI hokara bhI zArIrika pravRttiyoM se yukta vyakti ko sayogI kevalI kahA jAtA hai / sayogI kevalI sadehamukta hai| |

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345 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sayogIkevalI jaba svadeha se mukti prApta karane ke lie vizuddha dhyAna kA Azraya lekara mAnasika vAcika aura kAyika vyApAroM ko rokatA hai, taba vaha AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI antima caudahavIM avasthA meM pahu~catA hai| isa bhUmikA ko ayogIkevalI kahA jAtA hai| isameM AtmA utkRSTatama zukladhyAna dvArA sumerU parvata ke samAna niSkaMpa sthiti prApta kara, aMta meM dehatyAgapUrvaka siddhAvasthA ko pahu~catA hai| isI siddhAvasthA kA nAma paramAtmapada, svarUpasiddhi, mukti, mokSa yA nirvANa hai| yaha AtmA kI sarvAgINa pUrNatA, pUrNa kRtakRtyatA aura paramapuruSArtha kI sUcaka hai| isa sthiti meM AtmA kI Atyantika duHkhanivRtti hotI hai aura use anaMta, avyAvAdha. alaukika sukha prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra mokSa yA nirvANa kI avasthA meM sAre baMdhana naSTa ho jAte haiN| daihika, vAcika aura mAnasika sAre doSa niHzeSa ho jAte haiN| samagra vAsanAoM aura klezoM kI niravazeSa zAnti hI nirvANa kA parama lakSya hai|* mokSa yA 'nirvANa' zramaNa saMskRti kA adbhuta aura anupama AviSkAra hai| bhAratIya maharSiyoM ne sAdhanA ke isa carama bindu ko 'nirvANa' yA mukti ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra lokAgra para eka aisA dhruvasthAna hai, jahA~ jarA-mRtyu, Adhi-vyAdhi aura vedanA Adi kucha nahIM hai| usake nirvANa, avyAbAdha, siddhapada, lokAgra, kSema, ziva aura anAbAdha jaise aneka nAma haiN| aisA sthAna prApta karane ke lie sAdhaka sAdhanA karate haiN|" janma maraNa kA anta karane vAle muni jisa 'mokSa' sthAna ko prApta kara zoka-cintA se mukta hote haiM aisA 'mokSasthAna' lokAgra para sthita hai| sAdhanA ke binA vahA~ pahu~canA atyanta kaThina hai|26 saba duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie sAdhaka saMyama aura tapa dvArA pUrva kamoM kA kSaya karake mokSa prApta karate haiN| mokSa-mImAMsA vividha dArzanika graMthoM aura zAstroM meM nirvANa ko hI mukti, mokSa, siddhi, paramAtmalInatA, anaMta kI prApti, ahaMzUnyatA Adi vividha nAmoM se nirdezita kiyA gayA hai| _ 'nirvANa' kA zabdazaH artha jisameM se vAyu (vAta) nikala gaI hai| jisa prakAra AksIjana nAmaka vAyu ke abhAva meM dIpa kA bujha jAnA yAnI dIpa kA nirvANa hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke vikAroM kA samApta ho jAnA hI AtmA kA nirvANa hai| agara dIpa para kisI ne phUMka mArI, to dIpa kI jyoti bujha jAtI hai? vaha kahA~ jAtI hai? vastutaH vaha jyoti virATa meM se AI thI aura virATa meM hI vilIna ho gii|

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346 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jaina darzana meM kahanA hai ki dIpa kA bujha jAnA usakI jyoti kA naSTa honA nahIM hai, parantu usakA rUpAntara yA pariNAmAntara honA hai| kyoMki jo hai vaha naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra jIva kA nirvANa honA, usakA astitvahIna honA nahIM haiM, paraMtu avyAbAdha svabhAva-pariNati ko prApta karanA hai| vaidika paribhASA meM aisA kahA jAegA ki- AtmA kA ahaM, mamatva, deha Adi saba chor3akara virATa meM yAnI paramAtmA meM mila jAnA hI usakA nirvANa hai| jaba AtmA virATa meM mila jAtA hai, taba jIvana meM koI bhI zeSa vikAra nahIM rhte| aise vilIna hone ko nAza nahIM kahA jA sakatA, yaha to AtmA kA apane virATa zuddha svarUpa meM lIna honA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM nirvANa kA artha 'svasvarUpa meM sthita honA' aisA hai|31 isake lie AtmA kA vikAra, AvaraNa aura upAdhi inase rahita honA atyaphata Avazyaka hai| jaina darzana meM nirvANa kA yahI artha kiyA gayA hai|32 saba karmavikAroM se rahita honaa|2 saba saMtApoM se rahita hokara AtyaMtika sukha prApta karanA, saba dvaMdvoM se rahita honA, yahI nirvANa hai; kyoMki jaba taka AtmA meM kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada, ahaMkAra, mAyA Adi vikAra haiM, taba taka nirvANa prApta nahIM hotaa| nirvANa ke lie jaina darzana kI pahalI zarta hai- saba kamoM kA kSaya honaa|5 rAga, dveSAdi se kSaya se kamoM kA kSaya hotA hai| saba kamoM kA kSaya hone para26 AtmA apane vAstavika svarUpa meM sthita hotA hai aura parama zAMti prApta karatA hai| punaH punarjanma nahIM hotaa| nAma, rUpa, AkAra, sAtha hI zarIrajanita sukha-duHkha, rAga, dveSa, moha, ahaMkAra, janma-maraNa, jarA, vyAdhi, bhUkha, pyAsa, nidrA, ThaMDa, uSNatA Adi bhI nahIM hote| jaba zarIra hamezA ke lie naSTa hotA hai, taba zarIra ke kAraNa hone vAle, maiM, merA, rAgadveSa, Adi vikAra apane Apa kSaya ho jAte haiN| sabhI vyAdhiyA~ zarIra ke 'maiM' ke nikaTa jamA hotI haiM, isalie jo sarvayA azarIrI hotA hai, vaha saba vyAdhiyoM se mukta ho jAtA haiN| jahA~ janma-maraNa nahIM hotA, vahA~ AvAgamana bhI nahIM hotaa| isalie vItarAga puruSa rAga-dveSa ko hI samApta karake paramAtma pada kI prApti karate haiM aura nirvANa ko prApta hote haiN| "siddhagati" nAmaka sthAna meM apane AtmasvarUpa meM hamezA ke lie sthita hote haiN| vahA~ se vApisa AnA nahIM hotA2 , vahA~ kI sthiti ziva3 (nirUpadrava), acala, anaMta, akSaya, avyAbAdha aura apunarAvRtti kI hai| nirUpadrava isalie kahA hai ki zarIra ke kAraNa hI saba upadrava hote haiN| zarIra hI vahA~ nahIM isalie upadrava bhI nahIM, acala-avasthA yaha mauna aura zAMti kI sUcaka hai| jahA~ zarIra, indriyA~, mana Adi hote haiM, vahA~ halacala hotI hai, saMgharSa hotA hai| jahA~ ye sAre mUrta padArtha nahIM haiM,

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347 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva vahA~ zUnya, mauna bhAva aura akhaMDa zAMti hogii| vahA~ kisI bhI prakAra ke vikalpa nahIM uThege aura AtmA sva-svarUpa meM pUrNataH sthira hogaa| isa niSkarSa avasthA ko jaina darzana ne "zaileSI avasthA" kahA hai| yahA~ kevala jJAna hI zeSa rahatA hai| 'kevala jJAna' yAnI jahA~ jJAtA aura jJeya padArtha rUpa bheda jJAna nahIM, varan kevala jJAna hI hotA hai| vaha anaMta jJAna hI darzana aura cAritra ko apane meM samAviSTa kara letA hai| nirvANa prApta huA vyakti sarvajJa aura niHsaMzaya to pahale se hI hotA hai| phira sirpha kevalajJAna, kevala darzana, kevala saukhya aura kevala vIrya (zakti) vidyamAna rahate haiM, aura ise hI 'ananta catuSTaya' kahate haiN| bAkI bace astitva, amUrtatva aura sapradezatva Adi jo guNa haiM, ve bhI AtmA ke nijaguNa haiN| ye hI bAte 'dhammada' meM dikhAI haiN| jaina darzana meM, mokSa meM AtmA kI sthiti avyAbAdha batAI gaI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki nirvANa hone para saba bAdhAoM kA abhAva hotA hai| kyoMki AtmA ke nijaguNa vahA~ pUrNarUpa se prakaTa hote haiN| 'nirvANa' AtmA kI paripUrNa vikasita dazA hai| paraMtu usakA kathana zabdoM dvArA kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| indriyoM dvArA vaha grahaNa bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isalie vividha darzana use anirvacanIya, avyAkRta, avyAkhyeya aura amUrta hone se agrAhya kahate haiN| nirvANa hone para jo sthAna AtmA ko svAbhAvika rUpa se Urdhvagamana ke kAraNa prApta hotA hai52 use jaina zAstra meM "siddhazilA" tathA gItA meM "paramadhAma, mokSa, muktisthAna" Adi nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| nirvANa yaha AtmA kI pUrNa vikasita sthiti hai, isameM koI zaMkA nahIM hai| isalie jIvana kA aMtima dhyeya aura caramaprApti nirvANa hI hai| jise anaMta jJAna prApta hotA hai, use sUrya, caMdra Adi prakAzayukta padArthoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| jamIna, pAnI, havA Adi kI bhI jJAna ke lie AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI kyoMki vahA~ kevala jyotirmaya caitanya hai, Atmadravya hai, zarIra nahIM hai|53 dravyamokSa aura bhAvamokSa : mokSa ke do bheda batAe gae haiM : 1) dravyamokSa aura 2) bhaavmokss| jIva jaba ghAtI kamoM se mukta hotA hai, taba use bhAvamokSa kI prApti hotI hai jJAna ke lie aura jaba aghAtI kamoM ko naSTa karatA hai, taba use dravyamokSa kI prApti hotI hai| dravya aura bhAva ina bhedoM se mokSa do prakAra kA hai| kSAyika jJAna, kSAyika darzana aura yathAkhyAta cAritra nAmaka jina pariNAmoM se ghAtI karma AtmA se dUra

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348 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kie jAte haiM, una pariNAmoM ko bhAva mokSa kahate haiM aura sAre kamoM kA AtmA se alaga honA ise dravya mokSa kahate haiN| karma nirmUla karane meM samartha aisA zuddhAtmA upalabdhirUpa (nizcayaratnatrayAtmaka) jIva pariNAma 'bhAvamokSa' hai aura usa bhAvamokSa ke nimitta se jIva aura karma ke pradeza kA pRthaka honA 'dravyamokSa' hai| sAmAnyataH mokSa eka hI prakAra kA hai, parantu dravya, bhAva Adi kI dRSTi se aneka prakAra kA hai| bhAvamokSa, kevalajJAna, jIvanmukti, arhatapada ye sAre paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| zuddha ratnatraya kI sAdhanA se ghAtI kamoM kI nivRtti hotI hai, use bhAvamokSa kahate haiN| vastutaH kaSAya bhAvoM kI nivRtti hI bhAvamokSa hai| jo jIva saMvara se yukta hai aura samasta kamoM kI nirjarA karate samaya vedanIya, nAma, gotra aura Ayukarma kI bhI nirjarA karatA hai aura vartamAna paryAya kA parityAga karatA hai, use 'dravyamokSa' hotA hai| kamoM kA sarvathA kSaya 'dravyamokSa' hai aura una kamoM ke kSaya hone ke kAraNarUpa jo AtmA ke pariNAma yAnI saMvarabhAva (kamoM ko rokanA ), kamoM kI abandhakatA, zailezIbhAva arthAt AtmA kI nizcala avasthA evaM zukladhyAna hI 'bhAvamokSa' hai| siddhatva pariNati bhI 'bhAvamokSa' haiN| jIva ke Astrava kA kAraNa moha evaM tajjanya rAga-dveSa hai| jaba ina tInoM azuddha bhAvoM kA vinAza hotA hai, taba jJAyaka svarUpa AtmA ke Astrava bhAvoM kA avazya vinAza hotA hai| jaba jJAnI ke Astrava bhAva kA abhAva hotA hai, taba kamoM kA nAza hotA hai| kamoM kA nAza hone para nirAvaraNa sarvajJa-sarvadarzIpada prakaTa hotA hai aura akhaMDita atIndriya anaMta sukha kA anubhava hotA hai| isI kA nAma 'jIvanmukti yA bhAvamokSa' hai| jo AtmA saMvara se yukta hai aura apane saba pUrvabaddha kamoM ko naSTa karatA hai, sAtha hI jisa AtmA ke vedanIya, nAma, gotra aura Ayukarma samApta ho gaye vaha AtmA ina aghAtI kamoM ke samApta hone se saMsAra ko chor3a detA hai, isalie vaha 'dravyamokSa' hai| karmakSaya kA krama : kamoM ko naSTa kie bagaira koI bhI AtmA siddha nahIM ho sakatA, isalie anukrama se kina kamoM ko kaise kSaya karanA hai isakA vivecana jaina AgamoM meM isa prakAra hai - __jIva rAga-dveSa aura mithyA darzana para vijaya prApta karake samyak jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA karatA hai aura ATha prakAra ke karma ko kSaya

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349 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva karane kI prakriyA prAraMbha karatA hai|6 sabase pahale kramazaH mohanIya kamoM kI aThAIsa prakRtiyoM kA kSaya hotA hai| bAda meM pA~ca prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNIya, nau prakAra ke darzanAvaraNIya aura pA~va prakAra ke antarAya karma ina tInoM koM kI prakRtiyoM kA eka hI samaya meM kSaya hotA hai| usI samaya paripUrNa AvaraNarahita, vizuddha aura lokAloka prakAzaka aisA kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana prApta hotA hai| kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana inakI prApti hote hI jIva ke jJAnAvaraNIya Adi cAra ghAtI kamoM kA nAza hotA hai aura sirpha vedanIya, AyuSya, nAma aura gotra ye cAra aghAtI karma zeSa rahate hai| - isake bAda Ayu kA jaba aMtaramuhUrta (do ghaTikA arthAta ar3atAlIsa minaTa se kama) jitanA samaya zeSa rahatA hai, taba mana, vacana evaM kAyA ke sthUla vyApAra kA nirodha karake kevalajJAnI zukla dhyAna meM sthita hote haiN| bAda meM ve mana, vacana evaM kAyA ke sUkSma vyApAra aura zvAsocchvAsa kA nirodha karate hai| usake bAda meM pA~ca isva akSaroM kA uccAraNa karane meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, utane samaya taka zailezI avasthA meM sthita ho cAte haiN| usameM sthita hote hI avazeSa, AyuSya, nAma, gotra evaM vedanIya karma eka hI samaya meM naSTa ho jAte hai| isa prakAra ve siddha, buddha aura mukta ho jAte haiM aura saba duHkhoM kA aMta karate haiN| kamoM kI nirjarA : loka ke agrabhAga meM virAjita siddha bhagavaMta jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakoM tathA bhAva karmoM se rahita, ananta sukharUpa amRtatva kA pAna karAne vAlI zAMti sahita aura navIna karmabaMdha ke kAraNabhUta mithyAdarzana Adi se rahita hote haiN| ve anaMta jJAna, darzana, sukha evaM zakti aise anantacatuSTaya se tathA avyAbAdha, avagAhanatva, sUkSmatva, aguruladhutva-ina ATha guNoM se yukta aura kRtakRtya (jisako koI bhI kArya karanA bAkI nahIM rahA) hote haiN| karmabaMdhana ke kAraNa jIva janma-maraNa karatA huA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| navIna karmabaMdha ke hetuoM kA abhAva hone se tathA nirjarA se pUrvabaddha kamoM kA AtyAMtika kSaya hone se mokSa prApta hotA hai| saMsArI jIvoM ko navIna kamoM kA baMdha aura pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA krama calatA hI rahatA hai aura usake kAraNa zuddha Atma-svarUpa kI prApti nahIM ho pAtI hai| parantu pUrvabaddha karma kI nirjarA ke sAtha navIna karmabaMdha ke hetuoM kA abhAva hone se jIva Atmopalabdhi prApta karatA hai aura ananta jJAna-darzanAdi rUpa Atma-svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai| ghAtI kamoM kI nirjarA samyakatva prApti se prAMrabha hokara sarvajJa avasthA kI prApti para samApta hotI hai| isameM bhI pUrva kI apekSA uttarottara pariNAmoM meM

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350 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kramazaH Atma vizuddhi savizeSa rUpa se bar3hatI jAtI hai| pariNAmoM meM jitanI vizuddhi adhika rahegI, utanI hI karma-nirjarA bhI vizeSa hogI arthAta pUrva kI avasthA meM jitanI karma nirjarA hotI hai, usase Age kI avasthA meM pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi adhikAdhika hone se karma nirjarA bhI bar3e paimAne meM bar3hatI jAtI hai aura isa prakAra bar3hate-bar3hate Akhira sarvajJa avasthA kI prApti ke samaya nirjarA kA parimANa saba se adhika hotA hai| karma kA antaH jisa prakAra bIja jala jAne ke bAda paudhA utpanna nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra karmarUpI bIja jala jAne para saMsArarUpI paudhA utpanna nahIM hotaa|' jisane prApta hue IMdhana ko jalA DAlA hai ora jisako nae Idhana kI prApti nahIM hotI hai aisI agni antataH nirvANa ko pahu~catI hai arthAt bujha jAtI hai, usI prakAra mukta AtmA saba kamoM kA kSaya karake nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai, mokSa hAsila karatA mokSa ke nAma63 : mokSa ke paramapada, nirvANa, siddhapada, ziva Adi aneka nAma haiN| mokSa ke ye saba nAma guNa-niSpanna haiM yathA - paramapada : mokSa se U~cA pada koI bhI nahIM hai isalie use 'paramapada' kahA hai| nirvANa : mokSa ke kAraNa karmarUpI dAvAnala zAnta ho jAtA hai, isalie use 'nirvANa' kahA hai| siddha : saMpUrNa rUpa se kRtakRtya hone se use 'siddhapada' kahA jAtA hai| ziva : kisI bhI prakAra kA upadrava na hone se mokSa ko 'ziva' kahA jAtA hai| mokSa : 'mokSa' kA artha jahA~ mukta AtmAe~ rahatI haiM vaha sthAna aisA nahIM hai, varan karmapAza kA vimocana hI 'mokSa' hai| siddha sthAna kA svarUpa : jaina AgamoM meM aura jaina graMthoM meM jagaha-jagaha siddha sthAna kA svarUpa varNita hai| jahA~ janma-jarA-mRtyU nahIM, bhaya-zoka nahIM, pIDA-roga nahIM, nidrA nahIM, AhAra-vihAra nahIM, zatru-mitra nahIM, rAjA-naukara nahIM, seTha-senApati nahIM, khAnA-pInA nahIM, or3hanA nahIM, bichaunA nahIM, lenA-denA nahIM, ha~sanA nahIM, khelanA nahIM, ghUmanA-phiranA nahIM, nyAya-anyAya nahIM, dina-rAta nahIM, mAyA-mamatA nahIM, rAga-dveSa nahIM, kalaha nahIM, gar3abar3I nahIM, vAda-vivAda nahIM, par3hanA-par3hAnA nahIM, artha-anartha nahIM, vicAra-pracAra nahIM, vrata-baMdhana nahIM, guru-ziSya nahIM, Adhi-vyAdhi

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351 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva nahIM, upAdhi nahIM, usI prakAra vahA~ sUrya, candra aura tAre bhI nahIM haiM, bijalI nahIM aura agni bhI nahIM hai|64 gautama buddha ne bhI udAna meM nirvANa kA aisA hI svarUpa kahA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki vahA~ jala-sthala nahIM, vAyu-prakAza nahIM, deza-kAla nahIM, zUnyatA nibodha nahIM, sUrya-cA~da nahIM, ihaloka-paraloka nahIM, use maiM Agamana bhI nahIM kaha sakatA aura nirgamana bhI nahIM kaha sktaa| vahA~ janma-mRtyu nahIM, gati-sthiti nahIM, AdhAra nahIM, akhaMDa pravAha nahIM, yahI duHkha se nivRtti kI sthiti hai| vaha sthAnAtIta hai, kAlAtIta hai, kyoMki vaha parivartanahIna hai| vahA~ karma aura duHkha nahIM hai| mokSa-mArga ke saMbaMdha meM mAnyanAe~ : upayoga svarUpa aura zreyomArga se prAptavya mokSa ke svarUpa ko jAnane kI icchA vaise hI hotI hai, jaise Arogya lAbha ke lie roga cikitsA vidhi kI khoja karatA hai| vastutaH Atmadravya kI siddhi hone para hI mokSamArga kI khoja hotI hai|66 dharma, artha, kAma, aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM meM se mokSa yahI aMtima aura pramukha puruSArtha hai|67 / / mokSa ke saMbaMdha meM sAre vicAraka ekamata hai| sabhI duHkhanivRtti ko hI mokSa mAnate haiM, parantu mokSa ke mArga ke bAre meM matabheda haiN| jisa prakAra alaga-alaga dizAoM se pATaNa zahara meM jAne vAle yAtriyoM kA pATaNa zahara ke bAre meM vaimatya nahIM hotA, parantu apanI dizA ke anusAra usake mArga ke bAre meM matabhinnatA hotI hai, usI prakAra vicArako kA sarvocca lakSya mokSa ke saMbaMdha meM vematya nahIM hotA, paraMtu usake mArga ke bAre meM matabhinnatA hotI hai| kucha vicAraka jJAna ko hI mokSa mArga mAnate haiM aura kucha jJAna aura viSayaviraktirUpa vairAgya ko mokSamArga mAnate haiN| kucha kriyA (karma) ko hI mokSa mArga mAnate haiN| aise kriyAvAdiyoM ke anusAra nityakrama karane para hI nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| mokSa ke svarUpa ke bAre meM vicArakoM kI aneka kalpanAe~ haiN| bauddha rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina pA~ca skaMdhoM ke nirodha ko hI mokSa mAnate haiN| sAMkhya-prakRti aura puruSa inakA bheda jAnane para zuddha caitanya svarUpa meM sthira hone ko mokSa mAnate haiN| naiyAyika buddhi, sukha-duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, adharma aura saMskAra ina AtmA ke vizeSa guNoM ke nAza ko mokSa kahate haiN| phira bhI karmabaMdhana ke vinAza ke bAda honevAlI svarUpa prApti hI mokSa hai isa saMbaMdha meM sAre vicArakoM meM ekamata hai| mokSa avasthA meM karmabaMdha kA samUla nAza hotA hai, yaha bAta sAre vicAraka mAnate haiN|

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352 jaina darzana ke nava tattva mokSamArga vastue~ yAtrI jaba yAtrA ke lie nikalatA hai, taba apane sAtha mukhyataH tIna hai 1) bhojana 2) kapar3e aura 3) bichonA / ina tIna vastuoM meM se eka bhI vastu kI kamI hogI, to usakI yAtrA sukharUpa nahIM hogI / usI prakAra mokSa kI yAtrA ke lie sAdhaka ko tIna bAtoM kI AvazyakatA hai, ve haiM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra / inameM se eka bhI bAta nahIM hogI, to sAdhanA-patha zAntipUrNa nahIM ho skegaa| sAdhanA - patha para ArUr3ha mumukSu ko ina tInoM alaukika ratnoM kI AvazyakatA hai 1 hRdaya buddhi aura zarIra ke samAna sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI ratnatraya kI AvazyakatA hai| apane jIvana meM jisa prakAra hRdaya, buddhi aura zarIra ina tInoM kI apane sthAna para AvazyakatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM hRdaya ke dvArA sAdhya samayagdarzana, buddhi ke dvArA sAdhya samyagjJAna aura zarIra ke saba aMga- upAMgoM dvArA sAdhya samyak cAritra kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| eka kA bhI abhAva hogA, to bhI nahIM clegaa| agara zarIra asvastha hogA, to buddhi aura hRdaya meM gar3abar3I hogI, ve acchI taraha se kAma nahIM kara skegeN| agara buddhi meM vikAra Ae to vyavahAra meM pAgalapana aura yadi zarIra tathA hRdaya niSThApUrvaka kAma nahIM karege to bhAvanAeM vikRta hoMgI, punaH yadi vyakti svArthI aura krUra banA, to buddhi aura zarIra bhI apanA kArya vyavasthita rUpa se nahIM kara skeNge| isI prakAra darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ina tInoM kA sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM vyavasthita rUpa se honA atyaMta jarUrI hai| eka ke bhI abhAva meM sAdhanA nahIM ho skegii| sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM agara kevala cAritra hI hogA aura jJAna, darzana nahIM hoMgaM, to mukti prApta nahIM ho skegii| aMdhA aura laMgar3A dono manuSya eka-dUsare ke sahakAra se yogya jagaha pahu~ca skeNge| isI prakAra jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ina tInoM ke saMyoga se hI mokSa mila sakatA hai| akelA jJAna laMgar3A hai, vaha calane meM asamartha hai| akelA cAritra aMdhA hai, use rAstA nahIM dikhAI detA / akelA darzana bhI vyartha hai / tInoM ke saMyoga se hI mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mokSa kI prApti ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra kI AvazyakatA hai| samyak darzana ke bagaira jJAna bhI samyagjJAna ho nahIM sktaa| vaha ajJAna hI rahatA hai| jJAna ke bagaira cAritra jIvana meM samyak rUpa se nahIM A sakatA / cAritrarahita ko karmabaMdhana se mukti nahIM milatI, aura mukta hue binA nirvANa prApta nahIM ho sakatA / jJAna ke dvArA heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA bodha hotA hai / darzana se zraddhA hotI hai aura cAritra se tattva jIvana meM Ate haiM /

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353 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva saMsAra ke trividha tApoM se mukta hone ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak-cAritra- ye tInoM atyaMta Avazyaka haiN| ye tInoM samanvita rUpa se mokSa mArga haiN| samyaktva : samyak-darzana, samyak-jJAna aura samyaka-cAritra ina tInoM mokSamAgoM ko jAnane se pahale 'samyaktva' kA artha jAnanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra kamaloM se jhIla, caMdramA se rAta, koyala se basanta Rtu zobhAyamAna hotI hai, usI prakAra dharma kA AcaraNa samyaktva se suzobhita hotA hai| jisa prakAra buniyAda (nIva) ke bagaira imArata khar3I nahIM raha sakatI, vAriza ke bagaira khetI nahIM ho sakatI, senApati ke bagaira senA lar3a nahIM sakatI, usI prakAra samyaktva ke bagaira dharma kA AcaraNa yathArtha rUpa se nahIM hotaa| samyaktva rahita jJAna se aura samyaktvarahita cAritra se mokSa nahIM miltaa| jaba AtmA samyaktvayukta hotA hai, tabhI usakA vikAsa hone lagatA hai| samyak pada ko "tva" pratyaya lagane se samyaktva zabda banA hai| samyaktva ke samyaktA, AtmA kI vizuddhi, zuddha pariNAma Adi artha hote haiN| jIva, ajIva Adi nau tatvoM ko jo yathArtha rUpa se jAnakara unapara zraddhA rakhatA hai, use samyaktva prApta hotA hai| jIva Adi nava-padArthoM para svayaM yA dUsare ke upadeza se bhAvapUrvaka zraddhA rakhanA samyaktva hai| jisa prakAra kamalapatra pAnI se lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra satpuruSa samyaktva ke prabhAva se kaSAya aura viSaya se lipta nahIM hotaa|" samyaktvahIna vyakti ne hajAroM-karor3a varSoM taka ugra tapa kiyA ho to bhI use bodhilAbha prApta nahIM hotaa| samyaktva kA zabdazaH artha hai sccaaii| jJAna aura cAritra meM jo saccAI hai, vahI samyaktva hai| saccAI ke bagaira jJAna aura cAritra kA koI mUlya nahIM haiN| sacAI yaha atIva mUlyavAna hai| samyaktva kA dUsarA nAma hai smygdrshn| usakA artha hai saccI shrddhaa| saccI zraddhA yAnI vivekapUrvaka shrddhaa| karttavya-akartavya athavA heya-upAdeya para vivekapUrvaka zraddhA se sAdhanA ke sanmArga meM jo dRr3havizvAsa hotA hai, usake prakaTa hote hI jJAna samyagjJAna bana jAtA hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ina donoM kI sahAyatA se samyak cAritra kA vikAsa hotA hai, jisase mokSa prApta hotA hai| deva ke prati devabuddhi, guru ke prati gurubuddhi aura dharma ke prati dharma buddhi zuddha prakAra se hone para vaha 'samyaktva' hotA hai| saMsAra meM samyaktvarUpI ratna se adhika mUlyavAna dUsarA ratna nahIM hai| samyaktvarUpI mitra se zreSTha dUsarA mitra nahIM hai| samyaktvarUpI baMdhu se zreSTa dUsarA baMdhu nhiiN| samyaktva kA lAbha hI saba se bar3A

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354 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva lAbha hai| jo bhavya prANI antarmuhUrta (ar3atAlIsa minaTa se kama) ke lie bhI nirmala samyaktva ko prApta karatA hai, vaha cirakAla taka saMsAra meM nahIM bhttktaa| use antataH mokSa prApta hotA hI hai| jaina dharma meM samyaktva para bahuta bala diyA gayA hai| samyaktva yaha AtmA kA guNa hai| samyaktva yaha bIja hai| jisa prakAra bIja ke bagaira aMkura nahIM phUTa sakatA aura bAda meM vRkSa bhI khar3A nahIM rahatA, usI prakAra samyaktva ke alAvA jitanI kriyA hai yA jitanA dharmakArya hai, vaha saba vyartha hai| samyaktva kA sarala artha hai- viveka dRsstti| pratyeka kArya meM viveka caahie| samyaktva kA dUsarA artha hai - shrddhaa| deva, gurU aura dharma inapara pUrNa vizvAsa hI 'samyaktva' hai| samyaktva ke viparIta mithyAtva hai| deva, guru aura dharma inameM icchita guNa na hone para bhI unheM deva, guru aura dharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA yaha mithyAtva hai| jisa manuSya meM samyakatva hotA hai, usakA aMtaHkaraNa dayAlu aura paropakAra se yukta hotA hai| saMyata, niyamita aura niyaMtrita jIvana yahI zreSTa jIvana hai| jo apanI aniyaMtrita icchAnusAra calatA hai, indriyoM kI amaryAdita vRttiyoM kA svacchanda upayoga karatA hai, usakA bhaviSya ujjvala nahIM hai| vaha duHkhoM ke bhayaMkara pariNAmoM se baca nahIM sktaa| rAga, dveSa aura moha yahI saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA mUla hai, isalie unase dUra rahakara hI apane zAzvata lakSya 'mukti' taka pahu~cA jAtA hai| samyaktva yaha mukti kA ekameva sAdhana hai| jIvAdi navatatvoM ke sambandha meM bhAvapUrNa zraddhA yahI 'samyaktva' hai| samyaktva ke nimnalikhita dasa bheda haiM - nisargaruci upadezaruci AjJAruci sUtraruci bIjaruci abhigamaruci vistAraruci 8) kriyAruci saMkSeparuci 10) dharmaruci 1) nisargaruci : svaviveka se yA svayaM ke yathArtha jJAna se jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa, Amrava-saMvarAdi tattvoM ke prati ruci ko (zraddhA ko) 'nisargaruci' kahate haiN| 2) upadezaruciH anya chadmastha yA ahaMta vyakti ke upadeza se jIvAdi tattvoM para zraddhA rakhane ko 'upadezaruci' kahate haiN| 3) AjJAruciH jisake rAga, dveSa, moha aura ajJAna naSTa ho gaye haiM, aisI vyakti kI AjJA pAlana meM niSThA rakhanA, ise 'AjJAruci' kahate haiN|

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355 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 4) sUtraruci : aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya sUtroM kA avagAhana karake samyaktva kI prApti karane ko "sUtraruci" kahate haiN| 5) bIjaruciH pAnI meM tela kI bU~da kI taraha aneka padoM meM vyApane vAle samyaktva ko 'bIjaruci' kahate haiN| 6) abhigamaruciH gyAraha aMga, prakIrNaka, dRSTivAda Adi zrutajJAna ke granthoM ke artha ko samajhakara samyaktva prApta karane ko 'abhigamaruci' kahA jAtA hai| 7) vistAiruciH samasta pramANoM aura nayoM dvArA dravya kI sabhI avasthAoM ko jAnanA yaha 'vistAraruci' haiN| 8) kriyAruciH darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa, vinaya, samiti, gupti Adi kriyAoM meM honevAlI bhAvayukta ruci ko 'kriyAruci' kahate 8) saMkSeparuciH thor3e se jJAna se hI samyaktva prApta honA ise 'saMkSeparuci' kahate haiN| nigraMtha pravacana meM akuzala honA aura mithyA pravacana se tanabhijJa honA, paraMtu kudRSTi kA Agraha na hone se alpabodha kI tattvazraddhA 'saMkSeparuci' hai| 10) dharmaruci : jinakathita astikAya dharma, (dharmAstikAya Adi astikAyoM ke guNasvabhAvAdi dharma) zrutadharma aura cAritradharma inapara zraddhA rakhanA 'dharmaruci' hai| paramArtha ko jAnanA, paramArtha ke tattvadraSTA kI sevA karanA, vyApannadarzanI (samyaktva se bhraSTa) aura kudarzanI (mithyAtvI) inase dUra rahanA, yahI samyaktva meM zraddhA rakhanA hai| cAritra samyaktva ke binA nahIM ho sakatA, paraMtu samyaktva cAritra ke binA ho sakatA hai| samyaktva aura cAritra donoM ekatrita bhI ho sakate haiN| cAritra ke pUrva samyaktva kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| jJAna samyaktva ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| jJAna ke binA cAritra aura sadguNoM ke abhAva meM mokSa (karmakSaya) prApta nahIM ho sakatA aura mokSa ke binA nirvANa kI (anaMta cidAnaMda svarUpa kI) prApti nahIM hotii| samyaktva ke doSa : samyaktva ke guNa aura doSa bhI haiN| una doSoM ke pA~ca bheda haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - 1. zaMkA, 2. kAMkSA, 3. vicikitsA, 4. mithyAdRSTi prazaMsA, aura 5. mithyAdRSTi sNstv| 1) zaMkA - vItarAga bhagavAna ke upadezoM meM zaMkA honaa| 2) kAMkSA - rAga-dveSa se yukta anya matoM kI AkAMkSA krnaa|

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356 malina - deha sAdhuoM ko dekhakara ghRNA karanA / 3) vicikitsA 4) mithyAdRSTi praMzasA - jinakI dRSTi dUSita hai, unakI prazaMsA karanA / 5) mithyAdRSTi sarga - mithyAdRSTi ke sAtha rahanA, unakI saMgati karanA / ina pA~ca doSoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| usake bAda samayagdarzana kI prApti hotI hai 1 7 samyaktva ke ATha aMga : samyaktva prApti ke lie ATha bAtoM kI atyaMta AvazyakatA hai| ve isa prakAra haiM1) niH zaMkA 2) niHkAMkSita 3) nirvicikitsA 4) amUDhadRSTi 5) upagUhana 6) sthirIkaraNa 7) vAtsalya 8) prabhAvanA (1) niHzaMkA - samyagyadRSTi jIva niHzaMka hote haiM / aura unameM nirbhayatA hotI hai| jo AtmA karmabaMdhana ke kAraNoM ko arthAt mithyAtva Adi pApoM ko naSTa kara detA hai, vaha bhayarahita ho jAtA hai| vaha tattva para pUrNa zraddhA rakhatA hai, isalie vaha niHzaMka ho jAtA hai 1 (2) niHkAMkSita samyagdRSTi jIva saMsAra sukha kI icchA nahIM krtaa| aisI icchA ajJAnI vyakti ko hI hotI hai| jJAnI apanI AtmA ko hI sukhasvarUpa samajhatA hai| dharma kA phala Atmasukha hai, aisA vaha samajhatA hai| dharma kA sevana karake usake badale meM sAMsArika sukha kI icchA na karanA, ise niHkAMkSitatva kahate hai / samyagdRSTi hamezA niHkAMkSita bhAva arthAt anAsakta bhAva se dharma kI ArAdhanA karatA hai / isalie kahA gayA hai ki - jaina darzana ke nava tattva cakravartI kI sampadA, indrasarIkhe bhoga | kAkavATa sama ginata hai, samyagyadRSTi loga / / samyagdRSTi AtmA devagati ke samAna sukha kI bhI icchA nahIM karatA / jo nirIccha hokara AtmasvabhAva arthAt jJAtA dRSTA bhAva meM hI rahatA hai, vaha niHkAMkSita samyagdRSTi hai / (3) nirvicikitsA muni ke zarIra Adi ko mala malina dekhakara ghRNA na karanA nirvicikitsA hai| sAdhu-sAdhvIyoM ke prati zraddhA bhAva rakhanA, unake zarIra meM roga utpanna hone para unakI sevA karanA, yahI nirvicikitsA hai| jo samyagdRSTi jIva zarIra aura AtmA ko bhinna samajhatA hai, zarIra meM bImArI dekhakara bhI ghRNA nahIM karatA, dharma ke saMbaMdha meM zaMkA nahIM rakhatA, apitu usakA Adara karatA hai, vahI nirvicikitsaka samyagdRSTi hai / (4) amUr3hadRSTi - jo AtmA bhogoM meM Asakta nahIM hotA tathA mithyA deva, mithyA gurU aura mithyA zAstroM meM zraddhA nahIM rakhatA hai, sAtha hI sacce deva, sacce - -

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357 gurU aura sacce zAstroM meM saccI zraddhA rakhatA hai, use "amUr3ha dRSTi" yA " samyagyadRSTi" aisA kahate haiM / jaina darzana ke nava tattva (5) upagUhana apane guNoM ko aura dUsaroM ke avaguNoM ko jo DhaMka detA hai aura AtmA ko nirmala banAtA hai, vaha 'upagUhana' hai| svayaM ke guNoM kI prazaMsA ho, sAtha hI svayaM kI prasiddhi ho, aisI bhAvanA samyagyadRSTi jIva nahIM rkhtaa| isI prakAra dUsare ko nimna batAne ke lie usake doSa bhI prakaTa nahIM krtaa| paraMtu dharma kI vRddhi kaisI hogI, sirpha yahI dekhatA hai / jIva ke hita ke lie vaha satyamArga dikhAtA hai aura asatya mArga kA niSedha karatA hai| (6) sthirIkaraNa jo samyagdRSTi AtmA svayaM ko aura dUsaro ko yogya. mArga para sthApita karake unake mana ko sthira karatA hai, use 'sthirIkaraNa' aMga se yukta samyagdRSTi AtmA kahA jAtA hai| koI bhI saMkaTa Ane para usakI dhArmika bhAvanA zithila nahIM hotI ho, jo kisI bhI paristhiti me dharma para dRr3ha rahatA ho aura yadi koI dUsarA vyakti dharma-pAlana meM zithila hotA ho, to use bhI dRr3ha karatA ho, yaha 'sthirIkaraNa' hai| aneka prakAra ke upAyoM se AtmA ko dharma meM sthira karanA, dharmadhyAna meM dRr3ha rahanA, ArtadhyAna na karanA, pratikUlatA meM na ghabarAnA, anukUlatA meM ahaMkAra na honA, ise 'sthirIkaraNa' kahA jAtA hai / (7) vAtsalya jisa prakAra gAya apane bachar3e para nisvArtha prema karatI hai, usI prakAra svadharmI baMdhu para nisvArtha prema karanA yaha 'vAtsalya' aMga hai / jisa prakAra gAya pratiphala kI AzA nahIM rakha kara bachar3e para prema karatI hai, usI prakAra samyagyadRSTi jIva tana-mana-dhana se apane svadharmI baMdhuoM se prema karake unakI madada karatA hai / samyagdRSTi jIva kisI kA bhI duHkha nahIM dekha sktaa| kisI kA bhI duHkha dekhane para usa duHkha ko dUra kie binA use caina nahIM aataa| yahI " vAtsalya" aMga hai / (8) prabhAvanA dUsaroM ke ajJAna - aMdhakAra ko dUra karake vidyA bala aura buddhibala ke dvArA zAstroM meM kahI huI bAtoM para unakA vizvAsa dRr3ha karanA aura apane sAmarthya ke anusAra jaina dharma kA prabhAva sthApita karanA, yahI " prabhAvanA" hai / apane dharma kA prabhAva kaise bar3hegA, saba kI AtmAe~ dharmamaya kaise bana sakeMgI, isI kA vicAra samyagdRSTi karatA rahatA hai| vaha svayaM ke jJAna, vidyA, vaibhava, dhana, mana, tana se tathA dAna, tapa Adi ke dvArA dharma kI prabhAvanA karatA hai| - samyaktva ke ina ATha aMgoM dvArA samyagdRSTi AtmA dharma kI prabhAvanA karatA hai, mahimA bar3hAtA hai aura prasiddhi karatA hai / jo jijJAsu ina ATha aMgoM ko jAnatA hai, vahI mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai|

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358 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ina ATha aMgoM kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karane vAlA jIva pUrNa samyaktva kA dhAraka banatA hai| samyaktvI jIva naraka, tiryaca, napuMsaka Adi nIca yoni meM janma nahIM letaa| ataH samyaktva ko dRr3ha banAnA caahie|' jisa prakAra eka-do akSara alpAdhika vAlA azuddha mantra viSa kI vedanA naSTa nahIM karatA usI prakAra ATha aMgoM se rahita samyaktva bhI saMsAra kA paribhramaNa naSTa karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai|" bhUtakAla me jo loga siddha hue hai aura bhaviSya meM jo siddha hoMge ve saba samyaktva ke kAraNa se hI hote hai| isa para se samyaktva kA mahattva samajhA jA sakatA hai| samyagdarzana kA svarUpa : __ 'tattva' yAnI vastu kA svabhAva athavA vastu-dharma hai| usase yukta jo padArtha hai use tattvArtha kahate haiN| aise tattvArtha nau haiN| unake bAre meM zraddhA rakhanA yahI samyagdarzana hai| ___ "darzana" zabda kA artha sAmAnyataH "dekhanA" aisA hai| parantu yahA~ darzana zabda kA artha 'dekhanA' na hokara 'zraddhAn' aisA hai| kyoMki yahA~ mokSa mArga kI carcA hone se kevala "dekhanA" yaha artha yahA~ yogya nahIM hai| 'tattva' meM 'tat' aura 'tva' ye do zabda haiN| 'tat' yaha anya puruSa vAcaka(tRtIya puruSa vAcaka) sarvanAma hai aura vaha kisI vastu kA darzaka hai| 'tva' yAnI dharma yA svabhAva / jisa prakAra agni kA svabhAva uSNatA hai, usI prakAra jJAna yaha jIva kA svabhAva hai isalie jJAna yA cetanA yaha jIva tattva haiN| svabhAvasahita padArthoM kA zraddhAn yaha samyak-zraddhAna hai / AzrayabhUta vastu ke vinA kevala ekAnta se advaita ke samAna kAlpanika tattvoM kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana nahIM hai| isI taraha svabhAva kI pratIti na hote hue usa vastu ke sirpha paryAyAdi kA zraddhAn samyagdarzana nahIM hai, varan svabhAva sahita vastu kA zraddhAn hI 'samyagdarzana' hai|3| "samyak" yaha eka avyaya hai| "sam" upasargapUrvaka "aMcu" dhAtu se samyak zabda banA hai| saMskRta meM isakI vyutpatti 'samaccati iti samyak" isa prakAra se hotI hai|4 "samyak" pada nirNaya kA vizeSaNa hai| kyoMki nirNaya hI samyak va asamyak ho sakatA hai| padArtha svayaM samyak yA asamyak nahIM hotA, isalie use 'samyak' vizeSaNa lagAnA ayogya hai| samyagdarzana AtmA kA eka aisA guNa hai jise pratyeka jIva pratyakSa dekha nahIM sktaa| AtmA meM prazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA aura astikya ye guNa prakaTa hone para samyagdarzana kA astitva siddha hotA hai|

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359 samyagyadarzana yaha kisI bhI jAti yA samAja ke vyakti ko prApta ho sakatA hai| jisakA hRdaya sarala, pavitra aura samabhAva se yukta hai, use samyagdarzana prApta hotA hai| samyagdarzana ke do bheda haiM 1) sarAga samyagdarzana jo samyagdarzana hotA hai, 2) vItarAga samyagdarzana 'vItarAga samyagdarzana' hai|7 2) saMvega : 3) nirveda : 4) anukaMpA : 5) Astikya 1) sarAga samyagdarzana aura 2 ) vItarAga samyagdarzana / prazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukaMpA aura Astikya ke rUpa se vaha 'sarAga samyagdarzana' hai / kevala AtmavizuddhirUpa rUpa jo samyagdarzana hotA hai vaha jaina darzana ke nava tattva - - sAta prakRtiyoM kA Atyantika kSaya hone para jo Atmavizuddhi prakaTa hotI. hai, vaha vItarAga samyaktva hai| sarAga samyagdarzana anumAnagamya hai aura vItarAga samyagdarzana svAnubhavagamya hai| samyagdarzana ke do bhedoM meM se sarAga samyagdarzana ke nimnalikhita bheda haiM1) prazama : rAga, dveSa, krodha, Adi kaSAyoM ko utpanna na hone denA yA jAgRta na hone denA aura unheM jItane kA prayatna karanA 'prathama' hai / janma, jarA, mRtyu Adi aneka duHkhoM se vyApta saMsAra ke kAraNa bhUta karmoM kA baMdha na hone denA saMvega hai / saMsAra, zarIra aura bhoga ina tIna bAtoM se uparata honA aura unake tyAga kI bhAvanA honA nirveda hai / saMsAra ke saba prANiyoM para dayA karanA aura saba saMsArI jIvoM ko abhayadAna dene kI bhAvanA rakhanA anukampA hai 1 arihanta deva ne jIva Adi nava padArthoM kA jo svarUpa batAyA hai use mAnya karanA aura una padArthoM ko apane-apane svarUpa ke anusAra jAnanA Astikya hai| prazasta rAga sahita jIva kA samyaktva ' sarAga samyagdarzana' hai aura prazasta evaM aprazasta donoM prakAra ke rAgarahita kSINamoha vItarAga kA samyagdarzana 'vItarAga samyagdarzana' hai| samyak-darzana : mokSamArga meM samyagdarzana kA prathama tathA ati mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kyoMki samyak darzana ke binA AgamajJAna, cAritra, vrata, tapa Adi saba vyartha haiM 1 ratnatraya meM bhI samyak darzana atIva mahattvapUrNa hai / samyagdarzana hI samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra kA mUla hai| jahA~ samyagdarzana nahIM hai, vahA~ jJAna aura cAritra donoM mithyA haiM / pratyeka AtmA meM jJAna to hotA hI hai, paraMtu java

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva taka samyagdarzana nahIM hogA, taba taka vaha jJAna saccA jJAna nahIM hotaa| isalie samyak darzana ko sarvaprathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| koI vyakti yadi arhat Adi dvArA upadezita pravacanoM para yA Apta evaM unake dvArA praNIta Agama aura nava padArtha-ina tInoM para zraddhA rakhate hue vizeSa jJAna se rahita hone se kevala guru kI AjJA yA arhat kI AjJA se tatva kA zraddhAna karatA ho, to vaha bhI samyak dRSTi hai, kyoMki usane AjJA kA ullaMghana nahIM kiyaa| jisa prakAra nagara dvAra pramukha hotA hai, cehare para A~kheM pramukha hotI haiM, vRkSa meM mUla pradhAna hotA hai, usI prakAra jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ina cAra ArAdhanAoM meM samyaktva kA pramukha sthAna hai| jinakA darzana zuddha hai, vahI zuddha hai aura use hI nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| darzanavihIna AtmA iSTa lAbha arthAt mokSa prApta nahIM kara sktaa|" jisa prakAra tAroM meM candra aura pazuoM meM siMha pramukha hai, usI prakAra muni aura zrAvaka dhamoM meM 'samyaktva' pramukha hai| yaha samyagdarzana saba duHkhoM kA nAza karane vAlA hai| he jIva jina prANIta samyak darzana ko aMtaraMga bhAva se dhAraNa kara, kyoMki yaha saba guNoM meM aura ratnatraya meM sArabhUta hai aura mokSamaMdira kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| jisa prakAra bhAgyazAlI manuSya kAmadhenu, kalpavRkSa, cintAmaNi-ratna aura rasAyana ko prApta kara manovAMchita uttama sukha kI prApti kara letA hai, usI prakAra samyak darzana se bhavya jIvoM ko saba prakAra ke utkRSTa sukha aura saba prakAra ke bhogopabhoga svayameva prApta ho jAte haiN| jaba jIva ko samyak darzana prApta hotA hai, taba vaha atyaMta sukhI hotA hai| tInoM kAloM meM aura tInoM lokoM meM jIva ko samyaktva ke samAna kalyANakArI kucha bhI nahIM hai tathA mithyAtva ke samAna akalyANakArI kucha bhI nahIM hai| zuddha samyagdRSTi jIva, pratApa, vidyA, vIrya, yaza evaM vijaya tathA dharma, artha, kAma ke sAtha hI mokSa kA sAdhaka hone se manuSyoM meM ziromaNi hai| bhavyajIvoM ko samyagdarzana rUpI amRta kA pAna karanA cAhie kyoMki vaha atula sukhanidhAna hai| kalyANa kA bIja hai| saMsAra-sAgara tara jAne ke lie jahAja hai aura bhavya jIva hI isameM yAtrA karane ke yogya hai| samyagdarzana pApavRkSa ko samApta karane ke lie eka kulhAr3I hai| vaha puNyatIthoM meM pradhAna hai aura usakA jo pratipakSI mithyAdarzana hai use jItane vAlA

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361 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva samyagdarzana yaha mahAna ratna saba jIvoM kA AbhUSaNa hai, sAtha hI mokSa prApta hone taka AtmakalyANa karane meM sahAyaka hai| samyagdarzana saba ratnoM meM mahAna ratna hai| saba yogoM meM uttama yoga hai, saba RddhiyoM meM mahARddhi hai| samyaktva sArI siddhiyoM ko pUrNa karanevAlA hai| samyaktva guNa se yukta jIva indra aura cakravartI ke dvArA bhI vandanIya hai| vratarahita hote hue bhI vaha aneka prakAra ke uttama svarga sukha ko prApta karatA hai|" zraddhA, ruci, sparza aura pratIti ye samyagdarzana ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| samyagdarzana do prakAra se utpanna hotA hai - 1) nisarga se aura 2) adhigama se| nisarga se yAnI svAbhAvika rIti se, pUrvajanma ke karma saMskAroM ke kSINa hone para niHsargaja samyagdarzana utpanna hotA hai| adhigama yAnI guru ke upadeza se, dharmagraMthoM kA par3hane se yA bAhya kisI bhI nimitta se adhigamaja samyagdarzana utpanna hotA hai| donoM samyagdarzanoM ke lie antaraMga hetu samAna haiN| nisarga-samyagdarzana ko pahale kabhI paropadeza kA nimitta prApta huA hotA hai|" samyagdarzana bIja hai| isake hone para hI sAdhanArUpI vRkSa para jJAna kA sugaMdhita phUla aura cAritra kA mIThA phala laga sakatA hai| samyagdarzana yaha sAdhanArUpI bhavya mahala kI nIva hai| agara nIMva majabUta nahIM hogI, to jJAna aura cAritrarUpI mahala TikegA nhiiN| yadi "eka" kA aMka nahIM ho to kitane hI zUnya likhe, una zUnyoM kI kucha bhI kImata nahIM, usI prakAra samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM kI huI sAdhanA kI kucha bhI kImata nahIM / samyagdarzana yaha "eka" ke aMka ke samAna ora samyagjJAna tathA samyak caritra usake pazcAt lage huI zUnya ke samAna - jaba taka samyagadarzana kI prApti nahIM hotI, taba taka saba AcaraNa, sAre kriyAkANDa aura anuSThAna vyartha haiN| samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM sabhI dhArmika karmakANDa hastisnAna ke samAna vyartha haiN| samyagdarzana prApta hone para AtmA kI zuddhi hotI hai| hitAhita, kartavya-akartavya aura heya-upAdeya kA viveka prApta hotA hai| samyagdarzana rUpI sUrya kA udaya hote hI ajJAna-aMdhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| jise samyagdarzana prApta huA hai, vaha kisI bhI prakAra kA pApa nahIM krtaa| viSaya aura kaSAya se vaha nivRtta hotA hai| usakI AtmA meM samatA kA adbhuta saMcAra hotA hai| samyagdarzana hI AtmA kA parama mitra hai| jise samyagdRSTi prApta huI hai, vaha pratyeka bAta ko saralatA se letA hai aura ulTI bAta ko bhI sahaja rUpa se letA hai, jabaki mithyAdRSTi sarala bAta ko bhI viparIta rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai| burAI meM se acchA lenA, zAntipUrvaka kaSTa sahana karanA yaha samyagdRSTi kA guNa hai| samyagdRSTi AtmA saMsArI jIvana meM rahakara bhI Asakta nahIM hotA,

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362 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva usameM phaMsatA nahIM hai| vaha svayaM ko kaidI mAnatA hai aura saMsAra se mukta hone kI icchA karatA hai| sAtha hI vaha dUsare jIvoM ko apanI AtmA ke samAna samajhatA hai| vaha vastutaH draSTA hotA hai, isIlie vallabha-pravacana meM kahA gayA hai mAtRvatparadAreSu paradravyeSu lossttvt| Atmavat sarvabhUteSu yaH pazyati sa pazyati / / samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM jo kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM, ve saba zarIra para hone vAle phor3e ke samAna duHkhakAraka aura Atmahita ke lie vyartha haiN| mithyAdRSTi kA tapa kevala deha daNDana hai| mithyAdRSTi kA svAdhyAya bhI niSphala hotA haiM. kyoMki usakA jJAna kadAgraha bana jAtA hai| usake dAna aura zIla bhI nindanIya hote haiM aura tIrthayAtrAe~ bhI vyartha hotI haiN| mAnavatA kA sAra jJAna hai| jJAna kA sAra samyagdarzana hai| AtmA ko ajJAna rUpI aMdhaHkAra se dUra kara AtmabhAva ke Aloka se Alokita vivekayukta dRSTi hI samyagdarzana hai| dUsare zabdoM meM tattvoM kA yathArtha zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| vyAvahArika dRSTi se tIrthakara (jina) kI vANI meM, jana ke upadezoM meM jisakI dRr3haniSThA hai, vahI samyagdarzI hai| dharma kA mUla samyagdarzana hai| agara mUla meM hI doSa hogA, to saba kriyAkANDa saMsAra kI vRddhi hI kregaa| samyagdI AtmA pApa kA anubaMdha nahIM krtaa|' jo samyagdarzana se yukta hai, vaha navIna karma kA baMdha nahIM karatA hai aura jo samyagdarzana se rahita hai, vaha saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai|02 cAritra se bhraSTa huA AtmA kadAcit kAlAMtara meM nirvANa prApta kara bhI le, parantu samyagdarzana se rahita AtmA nirvANa prApta nahIM kara sktaa|03 samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM kI huI dayA saccI dayA nahIM hai aura vinaya yaha saccA vinaya nahIM hai| samyagdarzana kA artha hai vizuddha dRsstti| pAzcAtya vicAraka Ara0 viliyamsa ke matAnusAra tIrthakaroM dvArA batAe hue mArga para zraddhA rakhanA hI samyagdarzana hai| jisa prakAra rAtri ke aMdhakAra ko dUra kie binA sahastrarazmi sUrya udita nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra mithyAtvarUpI aMdhakAra ko naSTa kie binA samyagdarzana utpanna nahIM hotA! jaba AtmA meM samyagdarzana kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, tabhI AtmA jIva aura ajIva ke bheda ko jAnatA hai| samyagdarzana ke bAda hI AtmA samajhane lagatA hai ki- 'maiM jar3a nahIM hU~, cetana huuN| merA svarUpa zuddha cetana hai| mujhameM rAga, dveSa Adi jo vikRtiyA~ haiM, ve sArI jar3a ke saMsarga se AI haiN| maiM vartamAna meM saba kamoM se baddha hU~, parantu una kamoM ko naSTa karake maiM eka dina nizcita mukta bnuuNgaa|' isa prakAra kI niSTA samyaktvI ke aMtarmana meM jAgRta hotI hai|

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363 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva aisA kahA jAtA hai ki - zrIkRSNa ke pAsa sudarzana cakra thaa| isIlie ve sAre zatruoM ko parAjita karake tInoM khaNDoM ke adhipati bne| isI prakAra yadi AtmarUpI kRSNa ke pAsa samyagdarzanarUpI sudarzana cakra hogA to vaha bhI kaSAyarUpI zatruoM ko parAjita karake tInoM lokoM kA svAmI bana skegaa| dharmarUpI motI samyagdarzanarUpI sIpa meM hI utpanna hotA hai| prAyaH saba darzanoM ne samyagdarzana kI mahimA batAI hai| nyAyadarzana ne tattvajJAna ko 'samyagdarzana' kahA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ne bhedajJAna ko 'samyagdarzana' kahA hai| yogadarzana ne vivekakhyAti ko, bauddha darzana ne kSaNabhaMguratA ko aura cAra AryasatyoM ke jJAna ko, vedoM ne Rta ko aura gItA ne yoga ko 'samyagdarzana' kahA hai| isa para se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina saMskRti ke isa maulika tattva ko sabhI vicArako ne mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| sacamuca samyagdarzana Atma utkrAMti kA dvAra hai, isIlie vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| samyak jJAna : samyak jJAna yaha mokSa mArga rUpI sopAna kI dUsarI sIr3hI hai| Atmatatva ke svarUpa kA jJAna athavA AtmA ke kalyANa ke mArga ko jAna lenA "samyagjJAna" haiN| AtmA ke svarUpa kA parijJAna karane ke lie AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdha banAne vAle jar3a (karma) dravya kA jJAna honA bhI Avazyaka hai| pudgagala dravya ke binA AtmA ke svasvarUpa kA jJAna bhI nahIM hogaa| aura AtmakalyANa bhI nahIM hogaa| AtmajJAna ke binA sArI vidvattA vyartha hai| saMsAra ke sAre kleza ajJAna para AdhArita haiN| usa ajJAna ko dUra karane ke lie AtmajJAna Avazyaka hai aura AtmajJAna prApta karanA yahI vAstavika mokSa hai|05| tattvoM ko jAnanA yahI 'jJAna' hai| ise 'bhAvasAdhana' kahate haiN| jo vastu svarUpa ke svarUpa jAnatA hai yA jisake dvArA vastu svarUpa jAnA jAtA hai yA jisameM vastu svarUpa jAnA jAtA hai, use "jJAna" kahate haiN| jJAna yaha AtmA kA nijaguNa hai| jJAna se AtmA bhinna nahIM hai, AtmA aura jJAna abhinna hI hai| AtmA meM svabhAvataH ananta jJAnazakti vidyamAna hai| parantu jJAnAvaraNa ke kAraNa vaha pUrNa prakAzita nahIM ho pAtI hai| jaise-jaise AvaraNa naSTa hotA hai, vaise-vaise jJAnaprakAza bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai| AtmA kI kabhI bhI aisI avasthA nahIM hotI ki usameM kiMcit bhI jJAna nahIM ho| (sAdhaka) sunakara hI kalyANa kA arthAt Atmahita kA mArga jAna jAtA hai| usI prakAra sunakara hI pApa kA yA ahita kA mArga jAna sakatA hai| isa prakAra hita aura ahita ina donoM ko zrutajJAna se hI jAnA jAtA hai| paraMtu inameM se jo zreyaskara ho, usI kA AcaraNa karanA caahie|

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364 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva samyak-jJAna pUrvaka samyagcAritra-mUlaka tapa, niyama, saMyama meM sthita hokara AtmA karma-mala se vizuddha banatA hai aura sAdhaka jIvana paryaMta sthiracitta banakara vicaraNa karatA hai|10 __ jisa prakAra dhAgevAlI suI kahIM bhI girane para gama nahIM hotI, usI prakAra sasUtra arthAt zAstra-jJAna yukta jIva saMsAra meM naSTa nahIM hotA hai arthAt paribhramaNa nahIM karatA hai| __ jisase tattva kA jJAna hotA hai, citta kA nirodha hotA hai, sAtha hI AtmA vizuddha banatA hai, use hI jinazAsana meM 'jJAna' kahA hai|12|| jisase jIva rAga-dveSa se vimukha hotA hai, zreya meM anurakta hotA hai, jisase maitrI-bhAva se bhAvita hotA hai, use hI jinazAsana meM 'jJAna' kahA hai|3 (he bhavya!) tU isa jJAna meM hamezA lIna raha, isI meM saMtuSTa raha, isI meM tRpta rh| isIse tumheM uttama sukha prApta hogaa| AtmA kyA hai ? karma kyA hai ? baMdhana kyA hai ? karma AtmA ke sAtha baddha kyoM hote haiM Adi viSayoM kA yathArtha parijJAna hI 'samyagjJAna' hai aura ayathArtha jJAna 'mithyAjJAna' hai| jJAna yaha tIsarI A~kha ke samAna hai| usake abhAva meM bhakta bhagavAna nahIM bana sakatA, jIva ziva nahIM bana sakatA, AtmA bhavabaMdhana se mukta nahIM ho sakatA, AtmA paramAtmA nahIM bana sakatA, nara nArAyaNa nahIM bana sktaa| suprasiddha lekhaka zeksapiyara ne kahA hai ki jJAna ke paMkhoM dvArA hama svarga taka ur3a skeNgeN| kanphyUziyasa ne jJAna ko AnaMda-pradAtA kahA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki samyagjJAna hI sacce sukha kA kAraNa hai| jaba taka samyagjJAna prApta nahIM hotA, taba taka vikAroM kA vinAza bhI nahIM hotA aura vicAroM kA vikAsa bhI nahIM ho sktaa| saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ina tIna doSoM se rahita tathA naya aura pramANa se honevAle jIvAdi padArtha kA yathArtha jJAna hI 'samyagjJAna' hai| saMkSepa meM athavA vistAra se tatva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA, ise hI vidvAna loga 'samyagjJAna' kahate haiN| ___ AtmA aura anAtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko saMzaya, vimoha evaM vibhramarahita hokara jAnanA yahI 'samyagjJAna' hai| samyagjJAna ke savikalpa aura sAkAra hone ke kAraNa aneka bheda hote hai|15 zarIra, mana Adi sabhI paudgalika vastue~ AtmA se bhinna haiN| deha aura jIva kA athavA pitA aura putra Adi kA yathArtha meM kucha bhI saMbaMdha nahIM hai, yaha jo jAnatA hai, vahI jAnatA haiN|"6 jo AtmA ko abaddha, aspRSTa, ananya aura

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365 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva avizeSa se dekhatA hai, vahI sampUrNa jina-zAsana ko dekhatA hai| jo AtmA ko jAnatA hai, vahI saba ko jAnatA hai aura jo saba ko jAnatA hai, vaha AtmA ko jAnatA hai| tattva jaise haiM, unake nija svarUpa kA saMkSepataH yA vistAra se hone vAle yathArtha arthabodha (jJAna) hai, usI ko vidvAna 'samyagjJAna' kahate hai| jisa-jisa prakAra se jIvAdi padArtha avasthita haiM, usa-usa prakAra se unheM jAnanA 'samyagjJAna' hai|0 dUrAre zabdoM meM naya aura pramANa dvArA jIvAdi tattvoM kA yathArtha jJAna 'samyagjJAna' hai| vastutaH jIvAdi padArthoM ke jJAna kA jJAnasvabhAvarUpa pariNamana 'samyagjJAna'122 hai| jo jJAna vastu ke svAbhAvika rUpa ko nyUnatA, adhikatA aura viparItatA se rahita jaisA hai vaisA hI sandeharahita jAnatA hai, use AgamajJAtA 'samyagjJAna' kahate hai| yathArtha meM sat aura asat padArtha kA yathAtathya jJAna karAne vAlA jJAna 'samyagjJAna' hai|123 jisase vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa jAnA jAtA hai, jisase mana kA vyApAra rUka jAtA hai, jisase AtmA vizuddha hotA hai, use hI jinazAsana meM 'jJAna' kahA hai| jisase rAga se virakti, zreyamArga meM anurakti, prANimAtra ke sAtha mitratA ho, vahI jinadeva ke matAnusAra 'jJAna' hai| jo AtmA gurUpadeza se athavA zAstrAbhyAsa se athavA svAtmAnubhava se sva-para ke bheda ko jAnatA hai, vahI mokSasukha ko jAna sakatA hai| vaidika dArzanikoM ne bhI samyagjJAna ko mahattva diyA hai aura use "brahmavidyA" kahA hai| AdhyAtmavidyA meM hI saba vidyAoM kI pratiSThA hai| vahI saba meM pramukha hai|24 vahI saba vidyAoM ko dIpaka ke samAna prakAza denevAlI hai aura paripUrNatA prApta karAnevAlI hai| vahI sabase utkRSTa dharma hai aura jJAnoM meM zreSThatama hai| isa eka hI vidyA kA parijJAna ho jAne para kucha bhI jJAtavya nahIM rhtaa| isa AtmavidyA ke dvArA rAga-dveSa naSTa hote haiM aura yahI sarvottama rAjavidyA hai| nyAyadarzana mithyAjJAna aura moha Adi ko saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| sAMkhyadarzana viparyaya ko saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| bauddhadarzana, rAga-dveSa janya avidyA ko saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnatA hai| jaina tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se sAdhanA ke kSetra meM samyagjJAna kA mahattva samyagdarzana jitanA hI hai| isalie jJAna sarvaprakAzaka hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| prathama jJAna aura usake bAda meM cAritra kA krama hai, aisA jaina zAstroM meM mAnA gayA hai|

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366 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jaina zAstroM meM dayA kA atIva mahattva hai| phira bhI jJAna ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| dazavaikAlika adhyAya 4 meM kahA hai - "paDhamaM NANaM tao dyaa"| prathama jJAna aura bAda meM dyaa|25 samyagjJAna ke bheda : ____ matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna- yaha pA~ca prakAra kA jJAna hai| 1) matijJAna : jo indriyA~ kI sahAyatA se padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, use "matijJAna" kahate haiN| 2) zrutajJAna : matijJAna se jAne hue padArthoM ke avalaMbana se unhIM padAthoM ko vizeSa svarUpa se jAnanA athavA anya padArthoM ke svarUpa ko jAnanA - ise 'zrutajJAna' kahate haiN| 3) avadhijJAna : dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva inakI viziSTa maryAdA meM jo rUpI padArthoM ko Atmika zakti se indriyA~ aura mana ke avalaMbana ke binA spaSTatayA jAnatA hai, use 'avadhijJAna' kahate haiN| 4) manaHparyayajJAnaH dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva inakI viziSTa maryAdA meM dUsaroM ke mana ke sarala athavA vakra vicAroM ko, sAtha hI tatsaMbaMdhI rUpI padArthoM ko jo Atmika zakti se indriyoM aura mana ke avalaMbana ke binA spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA hai, use 'manaHparyaya jJAna' kahate haiN| 5) kevala jJAna : jo saMpUrNa loka ke sAre dravyoM ko, unake trikAlavI saMpUrNa paryAyoM ke sAtha eka hI samaya meM, Atmika zakti se atyaMta spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA hai, use "kevalajJAna" kahate hai|26 matijJAna aura zrutajJAna meM vizeSa aMtara yaha hai ki "yaha gAgara hai" aisA jAnanA yaha 'matijJAna' hai| isake bAda 'gAgara kA upayoga pAnI bharane ke lie hotA hai', 'yaha tAbeM pItala Adi se banatI hai', 'amuka kImata meM milatI hai| - Adi rUpa jJAna 'zrutajJAna' hai| jJAna prApta karane ke do sAdhana haiM - 1) parokSa 2) pratyakSa / 1) parokSa : buddhi Adi tattvoM kI sahAyatA se jo jJAna padArtha ko aspaSTa rUpa me jAnatA hai, vaha parokSa pramANa hai| 2) pratyakSa : jo jJAna buddhi, tarka Adi anya sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA ke ivanA Atmika zakti se hI vastu ke svarUpa ko atyaMta spaSTatA se yA nirmala rUpa se jAnatA hai, vaha jJAna pratyakSa hai|

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367 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva pahale do jJAna, arthAta matijJAna aura zrRtajJAna parokSa haiM, kyoMki ye indriyA~, mana, upadeza Adi kI sahAyatA se hote haiN| bAkI ke tIna jJAna-avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ye pratyakSa jJAna haiM, kyoMki ve indriyA~ Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA kevala Atmika zakti se hote hai| inameM se avadhijJAna aura manaHparyaya jJAna ye donoM dravya-kSetra-kAla Adi kI sImA hone se vikalapAramArthika pratyakSa haiM aura kevalajJAna yaha ananta hone se sakalapAramArthika pratyakSa hai| samyagjJAna ke doSoM kA svarUpa : saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya ye jJAna ke tIna doSa haiN| 1) saMzaya : "viruddhAneka koTispazI jJAnaM saMzayaH arthAt paraspara viruddha do koTiyoM ko sparza karanevAle jJAna ko 'saMzaya' kahate haiM, jaise 'yaha puruSa hai yA per3a kA tanA ?' aisA vikalpAtmaka jJAna / yahA~ puruSa aura per3a ke tanoM meM kucha samAna dharma dikhAI dene se jJAna meM saMzaya rahatA hai| " AtmA zarIra rUpa hai yA jJAna rUpa hai ?" isa prakAra ke vikalpa ko saMzaya kahate haiN| 2) viparyaya : "viruddhaika koTispI jJAnaM viparyayaH arthAt uparokta do pakSoM meM se eka viruddha pakSa ko sparza karane vAle jJAna ko 'viparyaya' kahate haiN| jairo "yaha puruSa (use puruSa hote hue bhI) nahIM, per3a kA tanA hai ", yaa| " AtmA zarIra hI hai|" yahA~ saMzaya ke samAna dolAyamAna anirNayAtmaka sthiti nahIM hotii| nirNaya to hotA hai, paraMtu vaha nirNaya viparIta pakSa kI ora hotA hai jaise aMdhere meM rassI ko sarpa samajha lenaa| 3) anadhyavasAya : kimitimAtramanadhyavasAyaH arthAt "yaha kucha to bhI hai aise anirNayAtmaka jJAna ko anadhyavasAya kahate haiN| jaise calate samaya pairoM ke nIce kucha to bhI hai aisA jJAna athavA AtmA zarIra, karma, rAga, jJAna kucha to bhI hogaa| yaha jJAna do se adhika aneka vikalpoM ko sparza karatA hai, isalie saMzaya nahIM aura viparIta pakSa kA nirNaya na hone se viparyaya bhI nhiiN| ye jJAna ke tIna doSa haiN| ___DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ne bhAratIya darzana ke vaizeSika darzana kI jJAnamImAMsA kI carcA karate samaya mithyAjJAna ke cAra bheda batAe haiN| 1) saMzaya 2) viparyaya, 3) anadhyavasAya aura 4) svpn| jaina darzana ne unameM se tIna bheda mAne haiM, cauthA nhiiN| svapna kA aMtarbhAva 'saMzaya' meM kiyA hai|29. samyak jJAna aura mithyAjJAna : jo yastu ke svabhAva ko yogya rIti se nahIM jAnatA athavA viparIta rUpa se jAnatA hai, yaha mithyAjJAna hai| isake viparIta kA jJAna 'samyagjJAna' hai|

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368 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva avastu meM vastu-buddhi, yaha mithyAjJAna hai, athavA nijAtmA ke parijJAna kI vimukhatA mithyAjJAna hai| mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ye pA~ca jJAna haiN| inameM se ti, zruta aura avadhi ye tIna jJAna, mithyAjJAna bhI hote haiM aura samyagjJAna bhI hote haiN|131 jisa prakAra dRSTi acchI hone para bhI galata cazmA lagAne para vastue~ yathAyogya rUpa meM dikhAI nahIM detI, usI prakAra mithyAtva ke udaya se jJAnadRSTi viparIta hotI hai| jaba taka mithyAtva kA udaya hai, taba taka jIva ajJAnI hI rahatA hai| mithyAtva ke udaya kA abhAva hone para jIva jJAnI hotA hai| ataH samyagdarzana hone para hI jIva ko jJAnI kahA jAtA hai| samyagdarzana kA saMbaMdha samyagjJAna se hotA hai aura mithyAtva kA saMbaMdha mithyAjJAna se hotA hai| kudeva ko deva, kuguru ko guru, adharma ko dharma, kuzAstra ko satzAstra mAnanA yA deva ko kudeva, suguru ko garu, dharma ko adharma, satzAstra ko kuzAstra mAnanA ye sAre mithyAtva ke lakSaNa haiN| aisI sthiti me mati, zruta aura avadhi ina tInoM jJAna ko "ajJAna" kahA jAtA hai| ajJAna kA phala saMsAra hai| mithyAjJAna kI pravRtti kumArga kI ora rahatI hai| vaha saMsAra aura karmabaMdha kA mUla kAraNa hai aura usakA paripAka anaMta duHkha hai| isake viparIta samyagjJAna kI pravRtti sanmArga kI ora hotI hai| usakA paripAka mokSa yA anaMta sukha hai| jisa jJAna se AtmotthAna aura AtmavikAsa hotA hai aura saba vikAroM kA zamana hotA hai, vahI samyagjJAna hai| saMsAra vRddhi karAne vAlA durgati meM DAlane vAlA jJAna mithyAjJAna hai| kSayopazama kI nyUnatA se yA bAhya sAmagrI kI kamI se samyaktvI jIva ko kisI viSaya meM saMzaya hogA, spaSTataH bhAna nahIM rahegA yA bhrama bhI hogA, phira bhI vaha satyAnveSI hI rhegaa| "jo satya hai, vaha merA hai" (yatsatyaM tanmama) yahI usakI antarAtmA kI AvAja hogii| vaha jIvita rahane ke lie khAtA hai, khAne ke lie jIvita nahIM rhtaa| vaha apane jJAna kA upayoga AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie karatA hai| mithyAdRSTi mAnava apane jJAna kA upayoga doSoM kA poSaNa karane ke lie karatA hai| samyagdRSTi vyakti kA dhyeya ucita hotA hai aura mithyAdRSTi vyakti kA dhyeya mUlataH hI anucita hotA hai| vedAnta aura sAMkhya darzana bhI mokSa ke lie samyagjJAna ko hI Avazyaka. mAnate haiN| unake matAnusAra baMdhana kA ekamAtra kAraNa mithyAjJAna hai| jaina AcArya vidyAnandI ke matAnusAra samyagjJAna se hI mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai| samyagdarzana se rahita jJAna ajJAna yA mithyAjJAna hotA hai aura samyagdarzana sahita jJAna samyagjJAna hotA hai|32

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369 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva samyak cAritra : samyakU-cAritra yaha mokSa-mArga kI tIsarI sIr3hI hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke samAna hI samyak-cAritra bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| AtmaravarUpa meM ramaNa karanA aura jinezvara deva ke vacanoM para pUrNa zraddhA rakhanA aura usI prakAra AcaraNa karanA, yahI samyak-cAritra hai| jisa prakAra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna mokSa ke sAdhana haiM, usI prakAra samyaka cAritra bhI mokSa kA sAdhana hai| cAritra yAnI sva-svarUpa meM sthita honaa| zubhAzubha bhAvoM se nivRtta hokara svayaM ke zuddha caitanya svarUpa meM sthira rahanA, yahI samyak cAritra hai| aisA cAritra jJAnI ko hI hotA hai, ajJAnI ko nahIM hotaa| duHkha se mukti kI icchA ho, to samyak-cAritra ko svIkAra karanA caahie| mokSa kA antima kAraNa samyak-cAritra hI hai, isalie cAritra dhAraNa karane kA prayatna karanA caahie| yahA~ cAritra kA artha sAmyabhAva hai| aise cAritra se hI karma kA kSaya hokara zAzvata sukha kI prApti hotI hai| cAritra guNa kA pUrNa vikAsa muni-pada meM hotA hai| isalie munipada dhAraNa karane kA prayatna karanA caahie|53 jJAna yaha netra hai aura cAritra yaha caraNa hai| rAstA dekha to liyA, paraMtu paira agara usa rAste para nahIM cale, to icchita dhyeyoM kI prApti asaMbhava hai| __ "cAritra ke binA jJAna kA~ca kI A~kha ke samAna kevala dikhAne ke lie hai| sacamuca vaha A~kha pUrNatayA nirupayogI hotI hai| jJAna kA phala virakti hai"jJAnasya phalaM virtiH|" jJAna prApta hone para bhI agara viSayoM meM Asakti hogI, to vaha vAstavika jJAna nahIM hai| samyak-cAritra yaha jaina sAdhanA kA prANa hai| vibhAva meM gae hue AtmA ko punaH zuddha svarUpa meM adhiSThita karane ke lie satya ke parijJAna ke sAtha jAgarUka bhAva se sakriya rahanA hI samyak AcAra kI ArAdhanA hai, aura yahI samyak-cAritra hai| cAritra eka aisA hIrA hai ki jo kisI bhI patthara ko tarAza sakatA hai| jIvana kA lakSya sukha nahIM, cAritra hai| uttama vyakti mitabhASI hote haiM aura AcaraNa meM dRr3ha hote haiN| bauddha sAhitya meM samyakU-cAritra ko hI samyak vyAyAma kahA hai|34 tattva ke svarUpa ko jAna kara pApa-karma se dUra honA, apanI AtmA ko nirmala banAnA, yahI samyak-cAritra kA asalI artha hai|5|| jisa prakAra aMdhe manuSya ke sAmane lAkhoM-karor3oM dIpaka jalAe rakhanA vyartha hai, usI prakAra cAritra zUnya vyakti kA zAstrAdhyayana vyartha hai| samatA,

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370 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva mAdhyasthabhAva, zuddhabhAva, vItarAgatA, cAritra, dharma aura svabhAva-ArAdhanA - ye sAre ekArthavAcI zabda haiN|136 samyak cAritra kI ArAdhanA karane se darzana, jJAna aura tapa ina tInoM kI bhI ArAdhanA hotI hai, paraMtu darzana Adi kI ArAdhanA se cAritra kI ArAdhanA hotI hI hai, aisA nhiiN| . cAritrarahita jJAna aura samyaktvarahita liMga (veza), saMyamahIna tapa nirarthaka hai|137 jo manuSya cAritrahIna hai vaha jIvita hokara bhI mRtavata hai| sacamuca cAritra hI jIvana hai| jo cAritra ko naSTa karatA hai, usakA sabhI kucha naSTa ho jAtA haiN| eka aMgrejI kahAvata hai If wealth is lost, nothing is lost, If health is lost, something is lost, If character is lost, everything is lost. mAnava kA dhana naSTa huA, to usakA kucha bhI naSTa nahIM huA, kyoMki dhana punaH prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| agara usakA Arogya naSTa huA to thor3A bahuta naSTa huA hai, paraMtu agara mAnava ne cAritra hI ga~vA diyA, to usane sarvasva . ga~vA diyA hai| vizva meM asalI jIvana cAritrazIla vyakti hI jIte haiN| bhogI, svArthI aura viSayalaMpaTa vyakti kA jIvana nirarthaka hai| samyak-cAritra ko prApta karane ke lie zarIrabala, buddhibala aura manobala kI AvazkatA hai| AtmA ke jo bhAva hai unheM hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa kahA gayA hai| cAritrarUpa dharma ke kAraNa AtmA anaMta sukha prApta karatA hai| yahI anaMta sukha jIva kA lakSya hai| jo jAnA jAtA hai, vaha "jJAna" hai| jo dekhA jAtA hai yA mAnA jAtA hai, use "darzana" kahA hai aura jo kiyA jAtA hai vaha cAritra hai| jJAna aura darzana ke saMyoga se cAritra taiyAra hotA hai| jIva ke ye jJAnAdi tInoM bhAva akSaya aura zAzvata hote haiN| samyak cAritra kA AcaraNa karane vAlA jIva cAritra ke kAraNa zuddha Atma tattva ko prApta karatA hai| vaha dhIra, vIra puruSa akSaya sukha aura mokSa prApta karatA hai| saMsAra ke kAraNarUpa karma naSTa karane hetu zraddhAvAna aura jJAnavAna AtmA pApa meM le jAnevAle karma se nivRtta hotA hai, yahI samyaka-cAritra hai| pApa kA sarvathA tyAga athavA azuddha AcaraNa kA tyAga hI cAritra hai| samyak-cAritra ke ahiMsA Adi pA~ca vrata haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - 1) ahiMsA 2) satya 3) asteya 4) brahmacarya aura 5) aprigrh|

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371 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 1) ahiMsA : pramAda se sthAvara yA trasa jIvoM kA jIvana naSTa na karanA yaha 'ahiMsA' vrata hai| 2) satya : priya, hitakara aura satya bolanA yaha satya vacana hai| yadi vacana satya hone para bhI apriya aura ahitakara ho, to vaisA vacana nahIM bolanA caahie| 3) asteya : kisI ke dvArA binA dI gaI vastu ko na lenA, yaha asteya vrata hai| yadi koI kisI kI choTI sI tIlI bhI bagaira pUche grahaNa karatA hai, to vaha corI hai| 4) brahmacarya : aihika aura pAralaukika, kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kAma-vAsanA kA tyAga karanA, ise brahmacarya kahate haiN| 5) aparigraha : saba padArthoM kA tyAga hI aparigraha hai| cAritra ke do bheda : samyak-cAritra ke do bheda haiM - 1) nizcaya cAritra aura 2) vyavahAra caaritr| inake hI dUsare nAma kramazaH 1) vItarAga cAritra aura 2) sarAga cAritra bhI (1) nizcaya cAritra : nizcayanaya ke abhiprAya ke anusAra AtmA kA, AtmA meM, AtmA ke lie tanmaya honA yahI nizcaya cAritra hai, vItarAga cAritra hai| aise cAritrazIla yogiyoM ko hI nirvANa kI prApti hotI haiN| 13 nizcaya dRSTi se cAritra kA vAstavika artha samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi yaha hai| isa cAritra meM AtmaramaNatA mukhya hotI hai| aise cAritra kA prAdurbhAva sirpha apramatta avasthA meM hI hotA hai aura apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM honevAlA saba kArya zuddha mAnA gayA hai| cetanA meM se jaba rAga-dveSa, kaSAya aura vAsanArUpI agni pUrNa zAnta hotI hai, taba asalI naitika aura dhArmika jIvana kA nirmANa hotA hai, aura isa prakAra kA sadAcAra hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| jaba sAdhaka pratyeka kriyA meM jAgRta rahatA hai, taba usakA AcaraNa bAhya Avega aura vAsanAoM se calita nahIM hotaa| tabhI vaha nizcaya cAritra kA pAlanakartA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha nizcaya cAritra hI mukti kA kAraNa hai| AtmA kI vizuddhi ke kAraNa isa cAritra kI prApti hotI hai| jisakA jJAna prApta karake jo yogI pApa tathA puNya donoM se upara uTha jAtA hai, use hI nirvikalpa cAritra prApta hotA hai| zuddha upayoga ke dvArA siddha hone vAlI AtmA ko atIMdriya, anupama, anaMta aura avinAzI sukha prApta hotA hai|

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372 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (2) vyavahAra cAritra : azubha se nivRtti aura zubha meM pravRtti yahI vyavahAra cAritra yA sarAga cAritra hai| vyavahAra cAritra kI zuruAta AtmA ke mana, vacana aura karma kI zuddhi se hotI hai aura usa zuddhi kA kAraNa AcAra ke niyamoM kA paripAlana hai| sAmAnyataH vyavahAra cAritra meM pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti Adi kA samAveza hotA hai| jIva ko samyak darzana evaM jJAna se yukta cAritra se deveMdra, dharaNeMdra aura cakravartI Adi ke vaibhava ke sAtha nirvANa kI bhI prApti hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA sarAga cAritra se deveMdra Adi kA vaibhava prApta hotA hai aura vItarAga cAritra se nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| jo AtmA sAMsArika saMbaMdha ke tyAga ke lie utsuka hai, paraMtu jisake mana se tAsakti ke saMskAra naSTa nahIM hue haiM, usake cAritra ko vyavahAra cAritra yA sarAga cAritra kahate haiN| nizcaya cAritra yaha sAdhyarUpa hai aura vyavahAra usakA sAdhana hai| sAdhana evaM sAdhya rUpa ina donoM cAritroM ko kramapUrvaka dhAraNa karane para jIva mokSa ko prApta hotA hai| bAhya zuddhi hone para abhyantara zuddhi hotI hai aura abhyaMtara doSoM ke kAraNa hI bAhya doSa hote haiN| zuddhAtmA ke atirikta anya bAhya tathA abhyaMtara parigraharUpa padArthoM kA tyAga karanA utsarga mArga hai| use hI nizcaya cAritra yA zuddhopayoga bhI kahate haiN| ina saba zabdoM kA artha eka hI hai|. samyak darzana aura samyaka jJAna inakA pUrvApara saMbaMdha : jJAna prathama yA darzana prathama isa saMbaMdha meM jaina dArzanikoM meM prAyaH mataikya hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM eka jagaha kahA hai ki darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| umAsvAti ne bhI tattvArthasUtra meM prathama darzana, bAda meM jJAna cAritra aisA kahA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne darzanapAhur3a meM darzana ko hI prathama tathA pradhAna sthAna diyA hai| phira bhI kucha sthAnoM para jJAna kI prAthamikatA aura pradhAnatA dikhAI detI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke usI adhyayana meM mokSamArga ke vivecana meM jJAna ko bhI prathama sthAna diyA hai| prathamataH jJAna yA darzana meM se kise prathama mAnA jAye ise samajhane se pahale 'darzana' zabda kA artha dekhanA caahie| darzana zabda ke do artha haiM - 1) yathArtha dRSTikoNa aura 2) shrddhaa| yadi darzana kA artha yathArtha dRSTikoNa yaha liyA jAya to darzana ko prathama sthAna denA Avazyaka hai| kyoki agara dRSTikoNa hI ayathArtha hogA, mithyA hogA, to jJAna aura cAritra yathArtha kaise hoMge ? jisakI

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373 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dRSTi dUSita hai, usake jJAna aura cAritra donoM dUSita banate haiN| isalie dRSTi artha meM darzana ko prathama sthAna denA caahie| darzana kA dUsarA artha - "zraddhA" aisA hotA hai| agara darzana kA dUsarA artha 'zraddhA' liyA jAye, to jJAna ke bAda hI darzana kA krama AtA hai| kyoMki avicala zraddhA to jJAna ke bAda hI ho sakatI hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM jahA~ darzana kA 'zraddhA' artha liyA gayA hai, vahA~ use jJAna ke bAda sthAna diyA gayA hai| (uttaradhyayanasUtra 23/35) usameM kahA gayA hai ki jJAna se padArtha (tattva) ko jAne aura darzana ke dvArA usa para zraddhA kre| isa prakAra yathArtha-dRSTi yaha artha lene para samyak darzana ko prathama sthAna denA cAhie aura 'zraddhA' yaha artha lene para jJAna ko prathama sthAna denA caahie| jaina darzana ke samAna gItA aura bauddha-darzana meM bhI jJAna tathA zraddhA yaha viSaya vistRta rUpa se carcita kiyA hai| ____ 'jainendra siddhAMta koza' meM kahA gayA hai ki samyagdarzana ke bAda hI samyagjJAna kI ArAdhanA karanI caahie| kyoki jJAna yaha darzana kA phala hai| jisa prakAra pradIpa aura prakAza eka sAtha hote haiM, phira bhI prakAza yaha pradIpa kA kArya hai, usI prakAra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna eka sAtha hone para bhI samyagjJAna kArya hai aura darzana usakA kAraNa haiN| samyagdarzana ke binA samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra niyama se nahIM hote haiN|50 samyagdarzana aura samyak cAritra inakA pUrvApara saMbaMdha : / ___ darzana aura cAritra inake saMbaMdha kI pUrvAparatA ke viSaya meM jaina dArzanikoM meM kucha bhI vivAda nahIM hai| unhoMne samyagdarzana ko hI prathama sthAna diyA hai| usake bAda jJAna ko aura jJAna ke bAda cAritra ko sthAna diyA hai| jaina AgamoM meM kahA hai ki samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM samyak-cAritra ho ho nahIM sktaa| darzanapAhuDa meM samyagdarzana hI prathama hai, yaha kahA hai| samyagdarzana ke dvArA hI tapa, jJAna aura sadAcaraNa saphala hotA hai aisA 'AcArAMga niyukti' meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA ___ jaina AgamoM meM cAritra ke pUrva jJAna ko hI sthAna diyA gayA hai, kyoMki cAritra jJAnapUrvaka hI hotA hai| sarvaprathama samyagdarzana ko acchI taraha aMgIkAra karanA cAhie, kyoMki usakekAraNa se hI jJAna aura cAritra samyak hotA hai| "samyaktvacAritre" isa sUtra meM samyaktva pada ko AraMbha meM rakhA hai kyoMki cAritra samyaktvapUrvaka hotA hai|52

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374 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra inakA pUrvApara saMbaMdha : jaina vicArakoM ne jJAna ke bAda hI cAritra ko sthAna diyA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM (28/30) kahA hai - 'samyagjJAna ke abhAva meM sadAcaraNa azakya haiN| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (2/1/7) meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki manuSya brAhmaNa ho, bhikSu ho athavA aneka zAstroM kA jAnakAra ho, agara usakA AcaraNa acchA nahIM hogA, to vaha apane AcaraNa se duHkhI hogaa| isa prakAra pahale jJAna aura bAda meM cAritra aisI paraMparA hai| ___ cAritra se bhI zruta pradhAna hai isalie usakI agra saMjJA hai kyoMki zrutajJAna ke sivAya cAritra kI utpatti nahIM hotI isalie cAritra zruta pradhAna hai|53 jJAna aura darzana ke saMyoga se cAritra hotA hai|50 mokSamArga kA samanvaya : tattvajJAnI apane Atma-svarUpa kI upalabdhi ke lie kucha prayatna jarUra karatA hai| kisI ko bhI duHkhamaya jIvana priya nahIM hotaa| isalie use Atma-kalyANakArI mArga kI atyaMta AvazyakatA hotI hai| isake lie vaha jJAna-darzana-cAritra kA Azraya letA hai| dharmakathA ke dvArA kamoM kI nirjarA karate hue aura pravacana dvArA jinazAsana aura siddhAMta kI prabhAvanA karate hue vaha zubhaphala denevAle kamoM kA baMdha karatA hai, aura pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna tathA samyak-cAritra rUpa ratnatraya ko svIkAra karatA hai| anta meM vaha zuddha-buddha aura mukta hokara parinirvANa prApta karake saba duHkhoM kA nAza kara detA hai| vaise to ina tIno ko hI mokSa ke sAdhana kahA hai, paraMtu samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna hone se athavA samyak-cAritra aura samyagjJAna hone se athavA samyagdarzana va samyak-cAritra hone se, mokSa prApti nahIM ho sktii| ye tInoM ke samanvita hone para hI mokSa prApta hotA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak-cAritra, ina ratnatrayoM meM se koI bhI eka hI mokSa-mArga nahIM hai, parantu ye tInoM samanvita hokara hI mokSamArga hai| kyoMki kisI bhI mArga ke jAna lene para hI usa para zraddhA yA ruci hotI hai aura bAda meM usake anusAra AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| AcaraNa ke binA jJAna, aura zraddhA sArthaka nahIM hote hai| vyavahAra dRSTi se bhI ina tInoM ko milakara hI mokSa mArga kahA gayA hai| vastutaH ye akhaNDa caitanya ke vizeSa pakSa haiM, phira bhI ina tInoM kA apanA-apanA alaga astitva hai| ye ratnatraya yugapad rUpa se hI mokSa-mArga hai| yaha samajhane ke lie rasAyana kA udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai - auSadhi se pUrNa lAbha prApta karane ke lie jisa prakAra usa para zraddhA, usake saMbaMdha meM jJAna aura usakI sevanarUpa kriyA Avazyaka hai usI prakAra

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375 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva samyagdarzanAdi tInoM ke samanvita AcaraNa se mokSarUpI phala kI prApti hotI hai| darzana aura cAritra ke abhAva meM kevala jJAna se mokSa nahIM miltaa| jJAnapUrvaka kriyArUpa anuSThAna ke abhAva meM kevala zraddhA se bhI mokSa nahIM miltaa| usI taraha zraddhA ke abhAva meM kevala kriyA se bhI mokSa nahIM miltaa| kyoMki zraddhArahita jJAna tathA kriyAe~ niSphala haiM isalie mokSamArga ke lie tInoM kI AvazyakatA hai| kriyArahita jJAna vyartha hai| ajJAnI kI kriyA niSphala hai| eka pahie se (cakra se) ratha cala nahIM sktaa| isalie jJAna aura kriyA inakA saMyoga Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra dAvAnala (jaMgala meM lagI Aga) se vyApta vana meM aMdhA vyakti daur3ate-daur3ate jala jAtA hai tathA paMgu manuSya yahA~-vahA~ dekhata-dekhate jala jAtA hai, usI prakAra mAtra jJAna aura mAtra cAritra kA pAlana karane vAle jIvoM kI avasthA hotI hai| agara aMdhA aura paMgu ina donoM ne eka dUsare kI madada kI aura aMdhe ke kaMdhoM para paMgu baiTa gayA, to donoM baca sakate haiN| laMgar3A rAstA dikhAtA huA jJAna kA kArya karatA hai aura aMdhA paidala calakara cAritra kI kriyA karatA hai| isa prakAra donoM hI dAvAnala se bacakara icchita sthAna pahu~ca sakate hai| jahAja calAnevAlA nAvika jJAna hai, pavana (vAyu) dhyAna hai aura cAritra jahAja hai| jJAna, dhyAna aura cAritra ina tInoM ke eka sAtha hone se bhavya jIva saMsAra-samudra pAra karatA hai| jJAna prakAzaka hai, tapa vinAzaka hai aura cAritra rakSaka hai| ina tInoM kI ekatrita sAdhanA se hI mokSa milatA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra- ye jaina sAdhanA ke tIna aMga haiN| anya darzanakAra sirpha sAdhanA ke eka-eka aMga ko pradhAnatA dete haiM, paraMtu jaina darzana ne tInoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai| kevala zIla kA pAlana karanA, yaha kalyANakArI ekAMgI ArAdhanA hai| sirpha jJAna bhI usI prakAra kI ArAdhanA hai| zIla aura jJAna ina donoM ke abhAva meM kalyANa mArga kI ArAdhanI nahIM ho sktii| zIla aura jJAna ye donoM bhI hone para hI kalyANa mArga kI sarvAgINa ArAdhanA ho skeNgii| jaba sAdhanA ke tInoM aMga pUrNa hotI haiM, taba sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai aura anirvacanIya, avinAzI aise mokSa pada kI prApti hote hai| pUrNa jJAna aura pUrNa cAritra kA samanvaya hI mokSa hai|60 jo muktipada dhAraNa karane hetu samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra- ina tInoM kA Azraya nahIM letA aura ArtadhyAna karatA hai, vahI anaMta canmoM taka saMsAra-paribhramaNa karatA hai|'' tipAI para rakhA huA ghar3A surakSita rahatA hai| kintu tipAI kA eka bhI paira agara TUTa jAya, to ghar3A gira jAtA hai aura phUTa jAtA hai| usI prakAra mokSarUpI kalaza samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura

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376 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva samyak-cAritra ina tIna pairoM kI tipAI para AdhArita hai| inameM se koI eka bhI paira nahIM hogA, to kalaza (mokSarUpI kalaza) asurakSita rhegaa| agni meM tIna guNa haiN| prakAza denA, jalAnA aura pAcana krnaa| agni ke samAna hI ratnatraya meM bhI tIna AtmaguNa haiN| jJAna svaprakAzarUpa hai| darzana mithyA-dhAraNA ko aura aMdhavizvAsa ko naSTa karatA hai| cAritra jJAna ko paripakva banAtA hai| sAdhaka-jIvana meM ina tInoM kI AvazyakatA hai| jJAna zakti hai darzana bhakti hai aura cAritra sevA hai| eka hai aMjana, dUsarA hai maMjana aura tIsarA hai rNjn| guru jJAnarUpI aMjana se ziSya ke ajJAna ko dUra karate haiM isalie jJAna ko aMjana kahA hai| maMjana dA~toM ke mala ko dUra karatA hai| darzana rUpI maMjana zaMkA ke mala ko dUra karake AtmA ko camakAtA hai isalie vaha maMjana hai| raMjana yAnI amod-prmod| cAritra yaha raMjana hai| AtmA jaba satva guNa meM ramaNa karatA hai, tava use AnaMda AtA hai, isalie raMjana hai| jJAnarUpI aMjana AtmA ko prakAza detA hai, dazenarUpI maMjana AtmA kI camaka bar3hAtA hai aura cAritrarUpI raMjana AtmA ko AnaMda detA hai| samyagdarzana jJAna cAritrANi mokSamArgaH - isa sUtra meM "mArgaH" ekavacana meM hai| tInoM se samanvita mokSamArga eka hI hai yaha batAne ke lie yahA~ ekavacana diyA hai| isIlie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna ora samyak- cAritra ina tInoM ko milakara hI mokSa mArga banatA hai|63 saMpUrNa kamoM ke kSaya rUpI mokSa kI prApti ke aneka mArga nahIM haiM, eka hI mArga hai aura vaha hai samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak-cAritra rUpI ratnatraya kA maarg| sUtra ke 'mArgaH' ke ekavacana meM prayoga se yahI bAta siddha hotI hai|64 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak-cAritra meM pUrva pUrva kI prApti ke bAda uttarottara kI prApti hotI hai, paraMtu yaha prApti vikalpa se hotI hai| paraMtu uttara kI prApti ke bAda pUrva kA lAbha nizcita hai| udA. jise samyak-cAritra prApta huA, use samyak-darzana aura samyak-jJAna hogA hI, paraMtu jise samyagdarzana prApta huA use samyagjJAna aura samyak-cAritra prApta hogA hI aisA nahIM, ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai|55 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra inake hI dUsare rUpa jJAna, icchA aura kriyA hai| sirpha jJAna, sirpha karma aura sirpha bhakti AtmA ko mokSa nahIM de skte| nirvANa kI prApti ke lie, jo mAnava jIvana kA parama lakSya hai, jJAna-mArga, karma-mArga aura bhakti-mArga - ina tInoM kA samanvaya honA caahie|

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377 jaina darzana ke nava tattva zaMkarAcArya ne sirpha jJAna ko hI mokSa mAnA hai| mImAMsakoM ne ekamAtra karma ko hI svargaprApti kA aura niHzreyasa kI siddhi kA sAdhana mAnA hai| vaiSNava AcAryoM ne bhakti ko hI mukti kA sAdhana mAnA hai / 6 166 bhAratIya karma - sAhitya meM jisa prakAra karmabaMdha aura usake kAraNoM kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa hai, usI prakAra una karmoM se mukta hone ke sAdhana bhI pratipAdita kie gae haiN| AtmA hamezA navIna karmoM kA baMdha karatA hai aura pUrva baddha karmoM ko bhogakara naSTa karatA hai| aisA koI bhI samaya nahIM jisa samaya vaha karmabaMdha nahIM krtaa| phira prazna upasthita hotA hai ika vaha karma - mukta kaise hogA ? isakA uttara aisA hai ki vaha tapa aura sAdhanA se mukta hogaa| jaise khAna meM hone para sonA aura miTTI ekarUpa hote haiM, paraMtu uSNatA Adi dvArA jaise unheM alaga-alaga kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI AtmA aura karmoM ko bhI samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra dvArA pRthak kiyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana ne na to ekAnta rUpa se nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya, vedAMta, mahAyAna (bauddha) Adi darzanoM ke samAna jJAna ko pramukhatA dI hai aura na ekAnta rUpa se mImAMsaka darzana ke samAna kriyA-kANDa para hI jora diyA hai| jJAna aura kriyA ina donoM ke samanvaya se hI mokSa mAnA hai / cAritrayukta alpajJAna bhI mokSa kA hetu hai kiMtu cAritrarahita vizAla jJAna bhI mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ke zabdoM meM cAritrahIna zrutavettA candana kA bojhA Dhone vAle gadhe ke samAna hai, jo bojha hI DhotA hai, candana kI suvAsa nahIM letA hai / sArAMza me samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra aura tapa inheM mokSa mArga rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| paraMtu yaha zAbdika aMtara hai, vAstavika nhiiN| kahIM darzana ko jJAna ke aMtargata lekara jJAna aura kriyA ko okSa kA kAraNa kahA hai, to kahIM tapa ko cAritra ke aMtargata lekara, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ko mokSamArga kahA hai / 167 anya darzanoM meM trividha sAdhanA mArga : jaina darzana ke samAna hI bauddha darzana meM bhI trividha sAdhanA mArga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| bauddha darzana kA aSTAMga mArga bhI trividha sAdhanAmArga ke hI aMtargata haiM / bauddha darzana ke isa trividha sAdhanAmArga ke tIna aMga haiM 1) zIla, 2) samAdhi aura 3) prajJA / vastutaH bauddha darzana kA ye trividha sAdhanAmArga bhI jaina darzana ke trividha sAdhanAmArga ke samAnArthaka haiM / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se zIla ko samyak cAritra, samAdhi ko samyagdarzana aura prajJA ko samyagjJAna ke rUpa meM mAnA jA sakatA hai / samyagdarzana yaha samAdhi se isalie tulanIya hai ki donoM meM cittavikalpa nahIM hai|

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378 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva gItA meM bhI jJAna, karma aura bhakti ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA-mAgoM kA ullekha hai| hindU dharma ke jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga ye trividha sAdhanAmArga ke sAtha ekarUpa haiN| hindU paramparA meM parama sattA ke tIna pakSa satyaM-zivaM-suMdaram mAne gae haiN| ina tIna pakSoM kI upalabdhi ke lie unhoMne trividha sAdhanAmArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| satya kI upalabdhi ke lie jJAna, suMdara kI upalabdhi ke lie bhAva yA zraddhA, aura ziva kI upalabdhi ke lie sevA yA karma mAnA gayA hai| gItA meM eka prasaMga meM trividha sAdhanAmArga ke rUpa meM praNipAta, pariprazna aura sevA kA bhI ullekha hai| inameM praNipAta zraddhA kA, pariprazna jJAna kA aura sevA karma kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| upaniSad meM bhI zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana ke rUpa meM bhI trividha sAdhanAmArga kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai| gaharAI se dekhane para inameM bhI zravaNa zraddhA meM, manana jJAna meM aura nididhyAsana karma meM aMtarbhUta ho sakate haiN| pAzcAtya paramparA meM bhI tIna naitika Adeza upalabdha haiM 1) svayaM kA svIkAra kro| (Accept thyself ) 2) svayaM ko phcaano| (Know thyself) 3) svayaM bno| (Be thyself) pAzcAtya cintana ke ye tIna naitika Adeza darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke samAnArthI haiN| AtmasvIkRti meM zraddhA kA tattva, AtmajJAna meM jJAna kA tattva aura AtmanirmANa meM cAritra kA tattva aMtarbhUta hai| jaina darzana bauddha darzana gItA upaniSada pAzcAtya darzana samyagdarzana samAdhi zraddhA zravaNa Accept thyself samyagjJAna prajJA, manana Know thyself samyak-cAritra zIla karma, nididhyAsana Be thyself trividha sAdhanA mArga aura mukti : kucha bhAratIya vicArakoM ne isa trividha sAdhanA mArga meM se eka pakSa ko hI mokSa kI prApti kA sAdhana mAnA hai| AcArya zaMkara ne jJAna ko aura rAmAnuja ne bhakti ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA hai| parantu jaina dArzanika aisI koI bhI ekAMtavAditA svIkAra nahIM krte| unake anusAra jJAna, karma aura bhakti kI ekatrita sAdhanA mokSaprApti kA mArga hai| inameM se kisI eka kA abhAva hone para mokSaprApti saMbhava nhiiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke anusAra darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| jJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa samyak nahIM hotaa| samyak AcaraNa ke abhAva meM mukti nahI mila sktii| isa prakAra mukti kI prApti ke lie tInoM aMga honA Avazyaka hai|69

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379 siddha kise kaheM ? jinhoMne ATha karmoM ko unake avAntara bhedoM sahita naSTa kara diyA hai, jo tInoM lokoM ke mastaka ke zikhara svarUpa siddhazilA para sthita haiM, jo duHkharahita haiM, sukharUpI sAgara meM nimagna haiM, niraMjana haiM, nitya haiM, ATha guNa sahita haiM, anavadya arthAt nirdoSa haiM, kRtakRtya haiM jinhoMne samasta padArthoM ko jAna liyA hai, jo vajrazilA nirmita abhagna pratimA ke samAna haiM, abhedya AkAra se yukta haiM, unheM siddha kahate haiM / 170 175 jo karma - mala se mukta haiM, Urdhva loka ke aMta ko prApta kara jo sarvajJa, sarvadazI banakara anaMta atIMdriya sukha kA anubhava kara rahe haiM, ve siddha haiM / ' jinake aSTa karma naSTa hue haiM, jo zarIra rahita haiM, jo anaMta sukha tathA anaMta jJAna meM lIna haiM aura jo parama prabhutva ko prApta haiM, aise AtmA siddha haiM, mukta haiM / 172 jinhoMne ATha karmoM ke baMdhana ko naSTa kara diyA hai, jo ATha mahAguNoM se yukta haiM, jo lokAgra bhAga para sthita haiM aura nitya haiM, ve siddha haiN| zuddha cetanA arthAt kevala jJAna aura kevala darzana se yukta jIva siddha mukta haiM I sabhI siddha jIva Atmazakti kI dRSTi se samAna haiM, unameM koI bhI aMtara nahIM hai| siddhoM ke bheda : aSTa karmoM kA kSaya karake jo jIva siddha hue haiM, unake paMdraha bheda isa prakAra haiM 173 1974 I 2) atIrtha siddha 3) tIrthaMkara siddha jaina darzana ke nava tattva atIrthaMkara siddha, 8) svaliMgasiddha, 1) tIrthasiddha, 2) atIrtha siddha, 3) tIrthaMkara siddha, 4) 5) svayaMbuddha siddha, 6) pratyekabuddha siddha, 7) buddhavodhita siddha, 6) anyaliMga siddha, 10) gRhasthaliMga siddha, 11) strIliMga siddha, 12) puruSaliMga siddha, 13) napuMsaka liMga siddha, 14) eka siddha aura 15 ) aneka siddha / Upara likhita paMdraha bhedoM kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai- 175 1) tIrtha siddha 4) atIrthakara siddha 5) svayaMbuddha siddha 6) pratyeka buddha siddha - tIrtha yAnI sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA aise caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA hone ke pazcAt hue siddha / tIrtha kI sthApanA se pahale hue siddha / tIrthaMkara pada prApta karane ke pazcAt hue siddha / tIrthakaroM ke atirikta hue siddha / bAhya nimitta ke bagaira svayaM hI bodhi ko prApta hue siddha / kisI bAhya nimitta se bodha prApta kara hue siddha /

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380 7) buddhabodhita siddha AcArya Adi kA upadeza sunakara hue siddha ! 8) svaliMga siddha anyaliMga siddha 10) gRhasthaliMga siddha 11) strIliMga siddha 12) puruSaliMga siddha 13) napuMsakaliMga siddha 14) eka siddha 15) aneka siddha ina paMdraha jaina sAdhu ke veSa meM hue siddha / jainetara sAdhu ke veSa meM hue siddha / gRhastha ke veSa meM hue siddha / strI zarIra se hue siddha / puruSa zarIra se hue siddha / napuMsaka zarIra se hue siddha / eka samaya meM hue eka siddha / eka samaya meM hue aneka siddha / 175 prakAra ke siddhoM kA nirvANasukha, mokSasukha pUrNataH eka jaisA hI hotA hai / usameM kisI taraha kA aMtara nahIM hotA / ina siddhoM ke bhedoM meM saba dharmoM ke siddha AtmAoM kA samAveza hotA hai aura isIlie jaina dharma sarvadharma saMgrAhaka hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai| ye sAre siddha samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra ke kAraNa siddha hote haiM yA mokSa prApta karate haiM / trividha mokSamArga ke binA kisI ko bhI siddhagati prApta nahIM hotI / siddha AtmAoM ke nAma : nAma ye haiM 1) siddha saba karmoM se mukta hue siddha AtmAoM ke aneka nAma haiN| unameM se kucha - 2) buddha 3) mukta 4) parinivRtta 5) sarvaduHkhaprahINa 6) antakRta : : 00 jaina darzana ke nava tattva : : jo kRtArtha hue haiM, ve siddha haiM athavA jo lokAgra meM sthita hue haiM aura jinakA punarAgamana nahIM hotA, ve siddha haiM athavA jinakA karma-mala dhvasta huA hai, jo karmaprapaMca se mukta hue haiM, ve siddha haiM jinheM saMpUrNa jJAna aura saMpUrNa darzana hai aura jo saba karmoM ke kSaya se mukta hue haiM, ve buddha haiM / 177 jinakA koI bhI baMdhana zeSa nahIM, ve mukta haiM / karmakRta vikAroM se sarvathA rahita hokara jo sva svarUpa meM nimagna hai| ve parinivRtta haiM / jo saba duHkhoM kA aMta karate haiM, ve sarvaduHkha prahINa haiM / jinhoMne punarbhava kA aMta kiyA, ve antakRta haiM 1

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381 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 7) pAraMgata jinhoMne anAdi, anaMta cAra gati rUpa dIrgha saMsAra-araNya ko pAra kiyA hai, ve pAraMgata haiN| 8) parinivRtta : saba prakAra ke zArIrika evaM mAnasika klezoM se jo rahita haiM, ve parinivRtta haiN|78 siddhAtmA kA svarUpa : sudharmA svAmI ne apane ziSya jambU svAmI se kahA, "he jambU! muktAtmA (siddhAtmA) kA svarUpa dikhAne ke lie koI bhI zabda nahIM haiM, tarka kI bhI vahA~ gati nahIM hai, buddhi vahA~ taka nahIM pahu~catI hai, unakI koI upamA bhI nahIM hai, he ziSya! siddhAtmA sakala karmarahita saMpUrNa jJAnamaya dazA meM virAjamAna haiN| nirvANa yA mukti AtmA kI zUnyAvasthA nahIM, paraMtu usa parama AnaMda meM AtmA kA praveza hai, jisakA aMta nhii| isameM zarIra kA viyoga to hai, paraMtu cetanA kA abhAva nahIM hai| siddhAtmA saba manovegoM se rahita hone se AcaraNazUnya hotA hai| siddhAtmA AkAra meM dIrgha yA hRsva Adi nahIM hai, vaha kAlA, sapheda, lAla, pIlA, yA nIlA nahIM haiN| vaha kaDuA nahIM, tIkhA nahIM, khaTTA nahIM, mIThA nahIM, ThaMDA nahIM, garma nhiiN| vaha gola nahIM, trikoNa nahIM, caurasa nahIM, vRttAkAra nhii| vaha suMgadhita nahIM, durgadhita nahIM, bhArI nahIM, halkA nahIM, snigdha nahIM, rUkSa nhiiN| vaha punarjanma lenevAlA nahIM, Asakta nahIM, strI nahIM, puruSa nahIM, napuMsaka nhiiN| vaha jJAtA hai, parijJAtA hai| usake lie koI bhI upamA nahIM, vaha arUpI hai, isalie usakA varNana karanA azakya hai| usake varNana ke lie koI bhI zabda samartha nahIM haiN| vaha zabdarUpa, varNa rUpa, gaMdharUpa, rasarUpa aura sparzarUpa nahIM hai|' ___ mukta-avasthA karma aura kAmanA se mukta avasthA hai| yaha aisI avasthA hai ki usameM koI bhI parivartana nahIM hotaa| yaha eka rAgarahita aura varNAtIta zAMti kI avasthA hai, vItarAga dazA hai| isa avasthA meM bhUtakAla ke karma naSTa ho jAte hai| vartamAnakAla meM karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA aura bhaviSyat kAla meM kisI bhI prakAra kA karma nahIM hotA hai| isa dazA meM mAtra zuddha AtmA hI vidyamAna rahatA hai| zarIra Adi nahIM hote haiN| mukta AtmA zarIra aura zarIrajanya kriyA janma, jarA, mRtyu Adi se rahita hotA hai| vaha sat-cit-AnaMdamaya hotA hai| siddhoM kA sukha : sukha do prakAra kA hai - 1) laukika sukha aura 2) alaukika sukh| laukika sukha viSayayukta hone se vaha duHkha meM parivartita ho jAtA hai, paraMtu alaukika sukha viSayarahita aura indriyAtIta hone se usameM sirpha sukha hI sukha hai|

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382 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva siddhoM kA sukha Alaukika sukha hai| karmajanya klezoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa mokSa avasthA meM jo sukha hai vaha anupama hai| yadi koI yaha prazna pUche ki zarIra rahita mukta jIva kA sukha kaisA hogA? to usake uttara meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa loka meM viSaya, vedanA kA abhAva, vipAka aura mokSa ina cAra zabdoM meM 'sukha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise agni sukharUpa hai, vAyu sukharUpa hai| yahA~ viSaya janya sukha hai / duHkha kA abhAva hone para manuSya kahatA hai'maiM sukhI huuN|' yahA~ vedanA ke abhAva meM sukha zabda prayukta huA hai| puNyakarma ke udaya se indriyoM ke iSTa padArthoM ko upalabdhi se sukha hotA hai / yaha karma vipAka janya sukha hai, kintu karmajanya klezoM se chuTakArA prApta hone para jo parama sukha milatA vaha mokSa kA sukha hai| mokSa meM mukta jIva kA zarIra nahIM hai aura kisI na kisI karma kA udaya hai, phira bhI karmajanya klezoM se chuTakArA milane para unheM sarvazreSTha sukha prApta hotA hai| sukha AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| paraMtu moha Adi karmoM ke udaya kAla meM usakA svAbhAvika pariNamana nahIM hotA, duHkharUpa vaibhAvika pariNamana hotA hai| mukta jIva ke ina mohAdi karmoM kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai isalie unakA sukha svAbhAvika sukha hai / unake jaisA sukha saMsAra meM kisI bhI anya prANI ko nahIM miltaa| 1 .181 saMpUrNa saMsAra meM mukta jIva ke sukha jaisA anya sukha nahIM hai, isalie unake sukha ko nirUpama mAnA gayA hai| liMga arthAt hetu se usakA anumAna bhI sambhava nahIM hai| usakI koI bhI upamA nahIM hai, vastutaH mukta jIvoM kA sukha aliMga hai heturahita hai, isalie vaha anumeya nahIM hai, upamA rahita hone se hai / ' mukta jIva kA sukha arihanta bhagavAna ko pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai aura unake dvArA hI use batAyA jAtA hai| ajJAnI loga use nahIM samajha sakate / ' 183 mokSasukha kA mAhAtmya batAte samaya RSi ariSTanemi rAjA sagara se kahate haiM - " nRpazreSTha! mokSa kA sukha hI vAstavika sukha hai| mUr3ha manuSya meM usa zreSTha sukha kI kalpanA karane kI bhI zakti nahIM hai| maiM sarvajJa hU~ aisA ahaMkAra hone se, vaha sujJoM dvArA kie gae upadeza kI avahelanA kara, dhanadhAnya ke upArjana ko hI sarvasva mAnatA hai / putra aura pazu inameM hI Asakta rahatA hai / sukhopabhoga saMpAdana karane ke lie adharma mArga kA bhI avalaMbana karatA hai| Akhira durlabha mAnava janma vyartha gaMvAtA hai / jisakI buddhi sukhopabhoga meM Asakta hotI hai, jinakA mana saMsAra kI pravaMcanAoM se azAnta rahatA hai, aise puruSa kI cikitsA karanA bar3A kaThina hotA hai, kyoMki mUr3ha manuSya sneha ke baMdhanoM se svayaM ko bAMdha letA hai, use unase svataMtra hone kI icchA bhI nahIM hotii| mokSa prApta karane kI usakI pAtratA bhI nahIM hotii|

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383 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva saMsAra cakra se bAhara nikalane kI usakI icchA nahIM hotii| susaMgati ke saMskAra usameM nahIM hote haiN| saMsAra ke duHkhoM se trasta hone para bhI kolhU ke baila kI taraha janma-mRtyu ke phere meM use ghUmanA par3atA hai| vastutaH bhavatRSNA samApta hone para hI mukti prApta hotI hai|5 jo saba vikalpoM se rahita hokara parama samAdhi ko prApta karate haiM, ve AnaMda kA anubhava karate haiN| vahI mokSa sukha hai| tInoM kAloM meM manuSya, tiryeca aura devoM ko jo sukha milatA hai, vaha samasta sukha ikaTThA karane para bhI siddha ke eka kSaNa ke sukha kI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| loka meM viSayoM dvArA prApta jo sukha hai, aura svarga kA jo mahAna sukha hai, vaha sukha vItarAga ke sukha ke anaMta hisse se barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa|6 amUrta aise mukta jIvoM ko janma-maraNa Adi dvaMdva kI bAdhAe~ nahIM hotI isalie siddha avasthA meM ve parama sukhI haiN|7 siddha jIvoM ko indriya janya sukha nahIM hotA, kyoMki unakA anaMta jJAna aura anaMta sukha atIndriya hai| siddhoM kA sukha saMsAra ke viSayoM se atIta, svAdhIna aura avyaya hai| usa avinAzI sukha ko avyAbAdha bhI kahate haiN| jisa avasthA meM indriyoM se bhinna, kevala buddhi dvArA grahaNa karane yogya Atyantika sukha vidyamAna hai, vaha mokSa hai| niratizaya, akSaya aura anaMta sukha mokSa meM hI upalabdha hotA hai|" karmakSaya ke pazcAt ke kArya : karmoM kA saMpUrNa kSaya hone para mukta jIva loka ke aMta taka urdhva gati karate haiN|7.2 aura bAda meM eka hI samaya meM tIna kArya hote haiM - 1) zarIra kA viyoga, 2) siddhamAna gati aura 3) lokAnta kI praapti| 1) zarIra kA viyoga : karma pUrNatayA naSTa hone para zarIra kI vartamAna avasthA ke lie kucha bhI kAraNa zeSa nahIM rahatA aura navIna zarIra ke lie bhI kucha bhI kAraNa bAkI nahIM rhtaa| isalie vartamAna zarIra kA viyoga hotA hai aura navIna zarIra utpanna nahIM hotaa| mokSa prApta hone para janma-maraNa rahita avasthA prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra kamoM kA kSaya hone para mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai| 2) siddhamAna gati : kamoM kA abhAva hai isalie mukta AtmA kI gati siddhamAna gati hotI hai| siddhamAna gati yAnI Urdhva dizA kI ora kI gati hai| kyoMki jIva svabhAva se UrdhvagAmI hai, paraMtu kamoM ke kAraNa jIva kabhI adhogati aura tiryaka gati karatA hai, paraMtu kamoM ke chUTa jAne ke kAraNa jIva apane svabhAva ke anusAra Urdhva-gati karatA hai|

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384 jaina darzana ke nava tattva chaha dravyoM meM jIva aura pudgala ye do dravya hI gatimAna haiM / inake alAvA koI bhI dravya gatimAna nahIM hai| pudgala dravya adhogatizIla hai aura jIva dravya UrdhvagatizIla hai / yahI unakA svabhAva hai / svabhAva ke viruddha gati karma Adi ke kAraNa se hotI hai 1 18.3 jisa prakAra miTTI ke lepa se vajanadAra tuMbar3I pAnI meM DUba jAtI hai, paraMtu java miTTI kA lepa nikala jAtA hai, taba vaha Upara AtI hai, usI prakAra hiMsA, asatya, corI, vyabhicAra, Adi ke karma-bhAra se paravaza AtmA saMsAra meM yahA~-vahA~ bhaTakatA hai, parantu karmabaMdhana se mukta hote hI Urdhvagamana karatA hai aura loka ke agrabhAga para jAkara sthita ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra Upara kA chilakA nikalate hI eraMDa kA bIja Upara kI ora jAtA hai, usI prakAra bhava prApta karAne vAlI gati aura nAmakarma kA baMdhana dUra hote hI mukta manuSya kI svAbhAvika Urdhvagati hotI hai T 16 jisa prakAra tirachI bahanevAlI, vAyu ke abhAva se dIpazikhA svAbhAvikatayA Upara kI ora hokara jalatI hai, usI prakAra muktAtmA bhI aneka karma-vikAroM ke abhAva ke kAraNa apane Urdhvagati ke svabhAva se Upara hI jAtA hai / 5 19. baMdha aura baMdha ke kAraNoM kA abhAva hone para Atmika vikArA kA pUrNa honA yahI mokSa hai| jJAnadarzana aura vItarAga bhAva kI parAkASThA hI mokSa hai| aise anaMta sukhamaya mokSa sthAna para siddha bhagavAna vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra ina cAra aghAtI karmoM kA kSaya hone para audArika, tejas aura kArmaNa ina tIna zarIroM kA sarvathA kSaya karake sIdhI anugati zreNI se eka samaya meM jJAnopayoga yukta hokara siddha gati meM virAjamAna hote haiM aura siddha, buddha, mukta hokara saba duHkhoM kA aMta karate haiN|" 196 3) lokAnta prApti : siddha kahA~ jAkara rukate haiM, kahA~ rahate haiM, kahA~ zarIra kA tyAga karate hai aura kahA~ jAkara siddha hote haiM Adi prazna uttarAdhyayana sUtra me pUche gae haiN| unake uttara isa prakAra die gae haiM siddha loka kI sImA para rukate haiM, aloka meM gati nahIM karate kyoMki vahA~ gati - sahAyaka dharma-dravya kA abhAva hai| isalie alokAkAza meM siddha AtmA kI gati nahIM hotii| isalie lokAkAza pAra karake ve alokAza meM jA nahIM skte| lokAgra bhAga para pratiSTita hote haiM, sthita hote haiN| manuSya loka meM zarIra kA tyAga karate haiM aura lokAgra bhAga para jAkara siddha hote haiN| T 167 siddha bhava prapaMca se mukta hokara zreSTha gati prApta karate haiM aura anupama se yukta hote haiM sukha I -

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385 jaina darzana ke nava tattva jise anaMta catuSka prApta huA hai, jo lokAnta ko prApta hue haiM ve siddhAtmA lokAgra para sthita hote hai / una siddhoM ke jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIyAdi ATha karma naSTa hue haiM unakA punarjanma nahIM hotA arthAt isa caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM unheM phira se janma nahIM lenA par3atA jinezvara dvArA kathita mukti . kA yahI svarUpa hai| 166 isa prakAra siddhAtmA niratizaya, Alaukika, akSaya, anaMta, avyAbAdha dazA meM AtmalIna rahate haiM / mokSa kI siddhatA : mokSa pratyakSa siddha nahIM hai paraMtu usake saMbaMdha meM hama anumAna kara sakate haiM / jisa prakAra rahaTakA (Wheel) ( kUaiM para se pAnI khIMcane kA cAka) ghUmanA usake lakar3e ke ghUmane para avalaMbila hai / lakar3e kA ghUmanA baMda hotA hai aura cAka kA ghUmanA bhI baMda hotA hai / usI prakAra karmodaya rUpI baila ke calane para hI cAra gatirUpI cakra ghUmate rahate haiM aura yaha caturgati aneka prakAra ke zArIrika, mAnasika Adi vedanArUpI rahaTa ko ko phirAtI hai| karmodaya kI nivRtti hone para caturgati kA cakra baMda par3atA hai aura vaha baMda hone para saMsAra rUpI rahaTa ko kI gati ruka jAtI hai| isI ko hI mokSa kahate haiM / isa prakAra isa sAmAnya tarka yA zuddha yuktivAda se mokSa kA astitva siddha hotA hai / sabhI vidvAnoM ne mokSa ko apratyakSa hone para bhI usakA sadbhAva mAnya kiyA hai aura mokSa mArga kI zodha karane lage haiM, jisa prakAra bhAvI sUrya grahaNa, candragrahaNa Adi pratyakSa siddha na hote hue bhI Agama dvArA usakA jJAna hotA hai aura vaise hI mokSa kA astitva bhI Agama dvArA siddha hotA hai / pratyakSa astitva na hone para yadi mokSa kI kalpanA amAnya karane meM AveM to sabhI vidvAnoM ke siddhAntoM ko kSati pahu~catI haiN| kAraNa sabhI vidvAna kisI na kisI prakAra se apratyakSa padArtha kA astitva bhI mAnya karate haiN| 1 200 jaina darzana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki yahA~ guNa ko mahattA hai / vyakti, jAti, liMga, kula, sampradAya Adi ko mahattva nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM jIvAdi navatattvoM meM se jIva aura ajIva ye do tattva hI mUla tattva mAne gaye haiN| Azrava, puNya, pApa aura baMdha ye cAra tattva saMsAra aura usake kAraNabhUta rAga aura dveSAdi kA vivecana karate haiN| saMvara aura nirjarA ye do tattva saMsAra se mukti kI sAdhanA kA vivecana karate haiN| aMtima mokSa tattva sAdhanA kA phala yA pariNAma hai / jIva sAdhanA ke dvArA svayaM apane svabhAva ko prakaTa karake tathA usameM hI ramamANa hokara AtmA se paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| nara se nArAyaNa bana sakatA hai| jIva se ziva bana sakatA hai| usa paramAtma pada kI sAdhanA aura usakA svarUpa samajhane ke liye

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386 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva navatattvoM kA svarUpa jAnanA caahiye| navatattvoM ke svarUpa ko samajhakara usameM pravRtta honA yahI tattvajJAna kI sArthakatA hai| kahA hai : buddheH phalaM tattvavicAraNaM ca dehasya sAraM vratadhAraNaM ca / tAttvika vicAra karanA yaha buddhi kA sAra hai aura vrata (saMyama) kA pAlana karanA yaha deha kA sAra hai| sandarbha sUcI 1. saMketa- u. ni. = uparinirdiSTa ka) abhayadevasUri TIkA - sthAnAMgasUtra - sthA. 1, pR. 15 jIvakarmaviyogazca mokSa ucyate / kha) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 10, sU. 3, __ kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH 13 / mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha (bhASyakAra - umAzaMkara zarmA "RSi') (Arhatadarzanam) pR. 167. mithyAdarzanAdInAM . bandhahetUnAM nirodhe'bhinavakarmAbhAvAnnirjarA hetusaMnnidhAnenArjitasya karmaNo nirasanAdAtyantikakarmamokSaNaM mokSaH / kRtsnakarmavipramokSaNaM mokSaH / saMyojaka-udayavijayagaNi-navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (hemacaMdrasUrisaptatattvaprakaraNam), pR. 17. abhAve bandhahetunAM, ghAtikarmakSayodbhave / kevale sati mokSaH syAccheSaNAM karmaNAM jaye / / 138 / / saMyojaka - udayavijayagaNi - navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (umAsvAtinavatattvaprakaraNam), pR. 7. u. ni. (cAritracakravartI zrI jayazekharasUri) - (navatattvaprakaraNaraNam), pR. 26 mokkho kmmaa'bhaavo| paM. vijayamuni zAstrI - samayasAra pravacana pR. 86. saMyojaka - udayavijayagaNi - navatattvasAhityasaMgraha - (hemacaMdrasUri saptatattvaprakaraNam) - pR. 17. surAsuranarendrANAM yat sukhaM bhuvntrye| sa syAdanantabhogo'pi, na mokSasukhasampadaH / / devendramuni zAstrI - jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 224. * * ;

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387 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 12. ka) zrI madhukara muni - jaina tattvadarzana - pR. 30-31 kha) uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 28, gA. 2, nANaM ca dasaNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo tahA / esa maggo tti pannato jiNehiM varadaMsihiM / / kSa. jineMdravarNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga -3, pR. 333 ka) niravazeSanirAkRtakarmamalakalaMkasyAzarIrasthAtmano'cintya svAbhAvikajJAnAdiguNabhavyAvAdhasukhamAtyantikamavasthAntaraM mokSa iti| "mokSa asane" ityetasya baMdhAbhAvesAdhano mokSaNaM mokSaH AsanaM kSepaNamityarthaH sa AtyantikaH sarvakarmanikSepo mokSa ityucyate / mokSyate asyote yena asanamAtraM vA mokSaH / gha) mokSa iva mokSaH / ka upamArthaH / yathA nigaDAdidravyamokSAt sati svAtantrye abhipretapradezagamanAdeH pumAn sukhI bhavati, tathA kRtsnakarmaviyoge sati svAdhInAtyantikajJAnadarzanAnupamasukha AtmA bhvti| - u. ni. ka) jaM appasahAvA do mUlottarapayaDisaMciyaM muccai / taM mukkhaM aviruddhaM / kha) AtmabandhayorbidhAkaraNaM mokSaH / / amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra (saMpAdaka paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) aSTam adhikAra, zlo. 2 pR. 162 abhAvAd bandhahetUnAM baddhanirjarayA tthaa| kRtsnakarmapramokSo hi mokSa ityAbhidhIyate / / 2 / / haribhadrasUri - SaDdarzanasamuccaya (saM. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina) kA. 52, pR. 284 surAsuranarendraNAM yatsukhaM bhuvanatrayeH tatsyAdanantabhAge'pi na mokSasukhasaMpadAH / / 1 / / svasvabhAvajamatyakSaM yasminvai zAzvataM sukham / catarvargAgraNItvena tena mokSaH prakIrtitaH / / 2 / / ka) AcArya zrI AnaMdaRSijI - jainadharma ke navatattva - pR. 27 kha) madhukara muni - jaina tattvadarzana - pR. 26-31. ka) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhA. 1, a. sU. 1, pR. 271 kha) paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI - zrI amarabhAratI - khaNDa 2, pR. 66. u. ni. pR. 100-101 ka) saM. paM. muni zrI nemicaMdrajI - amara bhAratI (bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka), dvitIya khaMDa, pR 100. (1674) 13.

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388 18. 16. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. (pro. zrIraMjanasUrideva - vibhinna darzanoM meM nirvANaH siddhAnta aura vyAkhyA) kha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika (saM. pro. mahendrakumAra jaina ), jaina darzana ke nava tattva bhAga 1, a. 1, sU. 1, pR. 271 ga) gaNezamuni zAstrI Adhunika vijJAna aura ahiMsA, pR. 19 yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH / ka) saM. paM. munizrI nemicaMdajI amarabhAratI (bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka - 1674) dvitIya khaMDa, pR. 101. pR. 87. u. ni. kha) dIpo yathA nivRtimabhyupeto, naivAvaniM gacchati nAntarikSam / dizaM na kAMcidvidizaM na kAMcita snehakSayAt kevalameti zAMtim / / jIvastathA nivRtimabhyupeto, naivAvaniM gacchati nAntarikSam / dizaM na kAMcid vidizaM na kAMcit klezakSayAtkevalameti zAMtim / / ga) rAhUla sAMkRtyAyana - darzanadigdarzana a. 15. pR 533 saM. paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI amarabhAratI (bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka - 1674), dvitIya khaMDa, pR. 101 gItA presa, gorakhapura-zvetAzvataropaniSad, a. 2 zlo. 15, pR. 160. yadAtmatattvena tu brahmatattvaM, dIpopameneha yuktaH prapazyet / ajaM dhruvaM sarvatattvavizuddhaM jJAtvA deva mucyate sarvapAzaiH / / 15 / / anu. mukuMda gaNeza mirajakara - manusmRti-a 6, 2lo. 74, pR. 183 samyagdarzanasaMpannaM, karmabhirna nibaddhyate / darzanena vihInastu saMsAraM pratipadyate / / 74 / / vijayamuni zAstrI bhAvanA yoga kI sAdhanA mokSasya nahi vAso'sti, na grAmAntarameva vA / ajJAna hradaya granthi - nAzo, mokSa iti smRtaH / / - u. ni. pR. 63 pade bandha-mokSAya, nirmameti mameti ca / - mameti badhyate jantunirmameti vimucyate / / saM., paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI - amarabhAratI-dvitIya khaMDa - (1674) pR. 102-103 uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 23, gA. 81, 83 asthi evaM dhuvaM ThANaM logaggammi durAruhaM / jattha natthi jarA na maccU vAhiNo veyaNA tahA / / 81 / / nivvANaM ti abAMhaM ti siddhi logaggameva ya / khemaM sivaM aNAvAhaM jaM caranti mahesiNo / / 83 / / pR. 62

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389 26. 27. 28. 26. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 38. 40. 41. 42. jaina darzana ke nava tattva u.ni. gA. 84. taM ThANaM sAsayaM vAsaM logaggammi durAruhaM / jaM sapaMttA na soyanti bhavohantakarA muNI ||84 / / u. ni. a. 28, gA. 36. khavettA puvvakammAI saMjameNa taveNa ya / savvadukkhappahINaTA pakkamanti mahesiNo / / 36 / / paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI - amara bhAratI (bha. mahAvIra vizeSAMka - 1674) ( muni nemicaMdra - nirvANa kI vyAkhyA) pR. 87-88. nirgato vAtaH yasmAt tannirvANam athavA nivRtimitaM prAptaM nirvANam / jaha dIvo nivvANo pariNamaMtaramio tahA jIvo / bhai pariNivvANo patto 'NAvAhapariNAmaM / paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI amarabhAratI pR paramAtmani jIvAtmalayaH seti tridaNDinaH / layo liMgavyayo, jIvanAzazca neSyate / / nirvANaM AtmasvAsthye AcArAMga cUrNi 4 a. nirvANaM karmakRtavikArarAhitye - AcArAMga cUrNi a. 4 sakalasaMtAparahitatve / sarvadvandvopaitibhAve, sUtrakRtAMga. 1 zru 1 a. 13. kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH tattvArthasUtra, 10/1 puMsaH svarUpAvasthAnaM seti sAMkhyAH pravakSate / nirvANaM zAntiM paramAm - gItA rAga-dveSa-mada-moha - janma - jarA - rogadiduH khakSayarUpA / sato viddhamAnasya jIvasya vizaSTAH, kAcidavasthA nirvANam / / paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI - amarabhAratI pR. 86. vi duHkhaM, Navi sukkhaM, Navi pIDA Neva vijjade bAhA / vi maraNaM, Navi jaNaNaM, tattheva ya hoI nivvANaM / / vi iMdiya uvasaggA, Navi moho, vimhio ya NiddA ya / va tinhA va chuhA, tatttheva havadi NivvANaM / / niyamasAra 178 - 76 nirjitamadamadanAnAM vAkkAyamanovikArarahitAnAm / vinivRttaparAzAnAbhidheyaM mokSaH suvihitAnAm / / yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mama / gItA amataM saMti nivvANaM padamacyutaM / suttanipAta pArAyaNavagga -

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390 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 46. 50. 51. 52. 53. jaina darzana ke nava tattva sivamayalamarUamaNaMtamakkhayamavvAvAhamapuNarAvittisiddhi gaInAmadheyaM ThANaM saMpattANaM - namotthuNaM (zukrastava) paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI amara bhAratI jayA joge nirUMbhittA selesiM paDivajjai / tayA kammaM khavittANaM siddhiM gacchai nIrao / / niSkevalaM jJAnam - nirvANopaniSad vijjadi kevalaNANaM kevalasokkhaM ca kevalavIriyaM / kevalabohi amuttaM atdhittaM sappadesattaM / / niyamasAra 18 1 paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI amara bhAratI nivvANaM paramaM sukhaM dhammapada avvAvAhaM avaTThANaM avyAvAdhaM vyAvAdhAvarjitamAvasthAnaM jIvasyAso mokSaH / - abhi. rA. khaMDa 6, 1-431 paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI amara bhAratI pR. 60-61 savve sarA niyati, takkA tattha na vijjai, mai tattha na gAhiyA, uvamA na vijjae, arUvI sattA, apayasya payaM Natthi / AcA. 1/5/6/171. yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha taittarIya 2/6 na cakSuSA gRhyate, nA'pi vAcA / - muMDakopaniSad gItA 15 / 6. tayA logamatthayattho siddho havai sAsao - dazavai. a. gA. 40. na tadbhAsayate sUryo na zazAMko na pAvakaH / yadagatvA na nivartante, taddhAma paramaM mama / / yattha Apo na paDhavo, tejo vAyo na gAdhati / na tattha sukkA jIvAMti Adicco na ppakAsati / na tattha caMdimA bhAti, tamo tattha na vijjati / 8 - - - - pR. 86-60 54. ka) kSu. jinendra varNI jainendra siddhAMta koza mukkhaM aviruddhaM duvihaM khalu davvabhAvagadaM / - pR 60-61 uttrAdhyayana udAna. 1/10. bhA 3, pR. kha) u. ni. pR. 333-334 niravazeSANi karmANi yena pariNAmena kSAyikajJAnadarzanayathAkhyAta cAritrasaMjJitena asyante sa mokSaH / vizleSo vA samastAnAM karmaNAM / ga) kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya ( amRtacaMdra va jayasenAcArya TIkA ) pR. 173. karmanirmUlanasamarthaH zuddhAtmopalabdhirUpajIvapariNAmo bhAvamokSaH bhAvamokSanimittena jIva karmapradezAnAM niravazeSaH pRthagbhAvo dravyamokSa iti / 333 taM

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva gha) bhaTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - TIkA - pR. 40, bhA. 1 sAmAnyAdeko mokSaH, dravyabhAvamoktavyabhedAtaneko'pi / / ca) kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya - TIkA - pR. 216 tatra bhAvamokSaH kevalajJAnotpattiH jIvanmuktorhatpadamityekAryaH cha) u. ni. gA. 152, pR. 218. ja) prakAzaka veNIcaMda suracaMda - navatattva prakaraNa sArtha - pR. 8. 55. ka) kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya - gA. 150, 151, pR. 216 hedumabhAve NiyamA jAyadi NANissa AsavaNirodho / AsavabhAveNa viNA jAyadi kammassa duNirodho / / 150 / / kammassAbhAveNa ya savvaNhU savvalogadarasI ya / pAvadi iMdiyarahidaM avvAvAhaM suhamaNaMtaM / / 151 / / kha) u. ni. gA. 153, pR. 220 jo, saMvareNa jutto NijjaramANodha savvakammANi / vavagadavedA usso muyadi bhavaM teNa so mokkho / / 153 / / 56. jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. - TIkA - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, caturtha bhAga, a. 26, pR. 354-355. premadveSamithyAdarzanavijayena.... sU. 71-72 vyAkhyA.. 57. umAsvAti-tattvArthasUtra(anu.paM. sukhalAlajI) a. 10, sU. 1, pR. 381 mohakSayAjjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevalam / / 58. vidyAnaMdasvAmi-AptaparIkSA-kArikA 164, 115. pR. 246. ghAtikarma - jJAnAvaraNadarzanAvaraNamohanIyAntarAyAH, / ........ aghAti "nAmagotrasadvedyAyu" bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 1, pR. 146 ka) udAraM sthUlamiti yAvat, tato bhave prayojane audArika miti bhavati / kha) vikriyAprayojanaM vaikriyikam / 6 / aSTaguNaizvayogAdekAnekANu mahaccharIravividhakaraNaM vikriyA, sA prayojanamasyeti vaikriyikam / ga) Ahiyate tadityAhArakam / 7 / sUkSmapadArthanirNAnArthamasaMyamaparijihIrSayA va pramattasaMyatenAhiyate nirvaya'ye tadityAhArakam / gha) tejonimittatvAtaijasam 17 / yattejonimitaM tattaijasamidam, tejasi bhavaM vA taijasamityAkhyAyate / 60. vyAkhyA -marudhara kesarI prarvataka munizrI mizrImalajI karmagraMtha-bhAga2, pR 48. 61. amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra - aSTama adhikAra, zlo. 7, pR. 163 56.

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392 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva dagdhe bIje yathAtyantaM prAdurbhavati nAMkuraH / karmabIje tathA dagdhe na rohati bhAvAMkuraH / / 7 / / 62. amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra - zlo. 26, pR. 198 __ kRtsnakarmakSayAdUvaM nirvANamadhigacchati / / yathA dagdhendhano vahinirUpAdAnasantatiH / / 26 / / 63. AcArya bhikSu - navapadArtha - (mokSapadArtha), pR. 33 64. ku~varavijayajI mahArAja-adhyAtmasAra (navatattva vivecana gujarAtI),pra.1-61. 65. DaoN. sarvapalli rAdhAkRSNan - gautamabuddha jIvana aura darzana pR. 72 66. bhaTTAkAlaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhA. 1, a. 1, sU.1 (TIkA) pR. 1 zreyomArgaprItipittisAtmadravyaprasiddheH / / cikitsAvizeSapratipattivat / 2 / 67. u. ni. sarvazreyobhyaH puMso mokSa eva paraM zreyaH aatyntikaanupmtreyrtvaaditi| u. ni. kAraNaM tu prati vipratipattiH pATaliputramArgavipratipattivat / 6 / 68. bhaTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika bhAga 1, a. 1, sU.1(TIkA) pR. 2. sarveSAM hi pravAdinAM yAM tAmavasthAM prApta kRtsnakarmavipramokSa eva mokSo'bhipreta iti| 66. AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUrijI ma.-vallabha pravacana-bhAga 2, pR. 158-160. 70. uttarAdhyayana sUtra - a. 28, gA. 30. nAdaMsaNissa nANaM nANeNa viNA na hunti caraNaguNA / aguNissa natthi mokkho natthi amokkhassa nivvANaM / / 30 / / 71. ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 1, sU. 1. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / / kha) sarva-sevA-saMgha-prakAzana (rAjaghATa, vArANasI)-samaNasuttaM (saMskRta-chAyA-parizodhana-paM. becaradAsajI dozI) 'lo. 163, pR. 64. dasaNaNANacarittANi, mokkhamaggo tti sevidavvANi / darzanajJAnacAritrANi, mokSamArga iti sevitavyAni / 72. vijaya lakSmaNasUrIzvarajI ma. AtmatattvavicAra-pR. 637-638. jIvAi navapayatthe, jo jANai tassa hoi smmtN| bhAveNa saddahato, ayANamANe vi sammataM / / 73. anu. jainadivAkara paM. muni zrI cauthamalajI ma. - zlo, 4, pR. 237 nirgrantha pravacana tathyAnAm tu bhAvAnAM sadbhAva upadezanam / bhAvena zraddhataH, samyaktvaM tat vyAkhyAtam / /

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393 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 74. saMskRta-chAyA ....paM. becaradAsajI dozI - samaNasuttaM - zlo. 227, pR. 74 yathA sAlilena na lipyate, kamAlinIpatraM svabhAvaprakRtyA / tathA bhAvena na lipyate, kaSAyaviSayeH satpuruSaH / / 6 / / 75. u. ni. zlo. 222, pR. 72 samyakatvavirahitANaM, suSTu Avi ugraM tapaH carantaNaM / na labhante bodhilAbhaM, api varSasahastrakoTibhiH / / 4 / / 76. munizrI nyAyavijayajI - jainadarzana (gujarAtI) pR. 67-68. yA deve devatAbuddhigurau ca gurUtAmatiH dharma ca dharmadhIH zuddhA samyaktvamidamucyate / / 77. saMgrahakartA zrI bhairoMdAna seThiyA - zikSAsArasaMgraha - pR. 1 78. ka) jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. (vyAkhyA) - uttarAdhyayana sUtra gA. 16 - 30, a. 28, pR. 157 - 173. nisargopadezaruciH, AjJAruciH sUtravIjarucireva / abhigamavistAraruciH kriyAsaMkSepadharmaruciH / / 16 / / nAdarzanino jJAnaM, jJAnena vinA na bhavanti caraNaguNAH / kha) saMgrAhaka aura anuvAdaka - jainadivAkara paM. muni zrI cauthamalajI ma. - nirgrantha-pravacana - zlo. 5, 7 - pR. 238, 244. 76. anu. jainadivAkara paM. muni zrI cauthamalajI ma.-nirgranthapravacana-pR. 240 zaMkAkAMkSAvicikitsA, mithyAdRSTiprazaMsanam / / tatsaMstavazca paMcApi, samyaktvaM dUSayantyalam / / 50. ka) kuMdakuMdAcArya-kuMdakuMdabhAratI (samayasAra) gA. 228-236, pR. 79-81. kha) anu. caMdanAkumArIjI - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a. 28. gA. 31. nissaMkiya nikaMkhiya nivvitigicchA amUDhadiTTI ya / upabUha thirakaraNevacchallapabhAvaNe aTTha / / 31 / / ga) paM. daulatarAmajI - chahaDhAlA - (anu. maganalAla jaina) 3rI DhAla, pR. 73 te 76. gha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 2, a. 6, sU. 24. (TIkA), pR. 526. 81. kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdrasiddhAntakoza, bhA. 4, pR. 351. nAMgahInamalaM chettuM darzanaM janmasaMtatim / na hi mantro kSaranyUno nihanti viSavedanAM / 62. saMskRta-chAyA - paM. vecaradAsajI dozI - samaNasuttaM -

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394 83. zlo. 226, pR. 74 kiM bahunA bhaNitena ye siddhAH naravarAH gate kAle / 84. kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdra siddhAntakoza bhAga 4, pR. 345 85. anu. paM. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla 8.6. AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUrijI ma. 87. pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhi tad dvividhaM sarAgavItarAgavikalpAt / 26 / prazamasaMvegAnukampAstikyAbhivyaktalakSaNaM prathamam |30| 88. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika bhA. 1, a. 1, sU. 2, (TIkA) pR. 22 saptAnAM karmaprakRtInAm Atyantike'pagame satvAmAvizuddhimAtra mitarad vItarAgasamyaktavamityucyate / 86. kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdra siddhAMta kozva - bhAga 4, pR. 361 tatra prazastarAgasahitAnAM zraddhAnaM sarAgasamyagadarzanam / rahitAnAM kSINamohAvaraNAnAM vItarAgasamyagdarzanam / 61. jaina darzana ke nava tattva setsyanti ye'pi bhavyAH, tad jAnIta samyaktvamahAtmyam / / zrI gRddhapicchAcArya - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra ) marAThI anu. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI a. 1, sU. 2, pR. 4 tattvArtha zraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / / 2 / / 63. to. kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza bhAga 4, pR. 350 yaH arhadAdyupadiSTaM pravacana AtpragamapadArthatrayaM zraddhAti rocate teSu asadbhAva atattvamapi svasya vizeSa jJAnazUnyatvena kevalagurU niyogAt arhadAjJAtaH zraddhAti so'pi kha) u. ni. pR. 356 pramANa mImAMsA (svopajJavRtti ) - pR. 7. vallabhapravacana- bhA. 2, pR. 162 a. 1, sU 2 ( TIkA), pR. 4 samyagdRSTireva bhavati tadAjJAyA anatikramAt / kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza bhAga 4, pR. 355 daMsaNasuddhA suddho daMsaNasuddho lahei NivvANaM / daMsaNavihiNapuriso na lahai taM icchiyaM lAhaM / 62. ka) u. ni. jaha tArayANa caMdo mayarAo mayaulANa savvANaM / ahio taha sammato risisAvaya duvihadhammANaM / - - - mA kAsi taM pamAdaM sammatte savvaduHkhaNAsayare / ga) u. ni. pR. 356. evaM jiNapaNNattaM daMsaNarayaNaM dhAreha bhAveNa / sAraM guNarayaNattaya sovANaM paDhamamokkharasa / u. ni. pR. 356

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395 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kAmaduhiM kappatarUM ciMtArayaNaM rasAyaNaM ya samaM / laddho bhajai sokkhaM jahacchiyaM jANaM taha sammaM / sammadaMsaNasuddhaM jAva labhate hi tAva suhI / sammadaMsaNasuddha jAva Na labhate hi tAva duhu / 14. kSu. jineMdra vaNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 356 ka) na samyaktvasamaM kiMcit traikAlye trijagatyapi / zreyo'zreyazca mithyAtvasamaM naanyttnuubhRtaam| ojastejovidyAvIryayazo vRddhivijayavibhasavasanAthAH / mahAkulAmahArthA mAnavatilakA bhavanti darzanapUtAH / kha) atulasukhanidhAnaM sarvakalyANabIjaM, jananajalAdhipotaM bhavyasattvekapAtram / duritatarUkuThAraM puNyatIrthapradhAnaM, pivata jitavipakSaM darzanAkhyaM sudhAmbam / ga) saharzanamahAratnaM vishvlokekbhuussnnm| muktiparyantakalyANa dAnadakSaM prakIrtitam / 65. . jineMdra varNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza-bhAga 4, pR. 356 rayaNANa mahArayaNaM savvaM joyANa uttamaM joyaM / riddhINa mahAriddho sammattaM svvsiddhiprN| sammattaguNapahANo deviMdaNariMda vNdio-hodi| catta vao vi ya pAvadi saggasuhaM uttamaM vivihN| 16. u. ni. pR. 351 zraddhArucisparzapratyayAzceti pryyaaH| umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 1, sU. 3 tanisargAdadhigamAdvA / / 18. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga1, a.1, sU.3 (TIkA), pR. 23 ubhayatra tulye antaraMgaheto bAhyopadezApekSA'napekSpabhavet bhedaH / 19. AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUrijI ma.-vallabhapravacana-bhAga 2, pR. 177-191. dhyAnaM duHkhanidhAnameva tapasaH santApamAnaM phalam / svAdhyAyo'pi hi bandha eva kudhiyAM te'bhigrahAH kugrahAH / / azlAdhyA khalu dAnazIlatulanA, tIrthAdiyAtrA vRthaa| samyaktvena vihInamanyadapi yatatsarvamantagartuH / / / 100. kuMdakuMdAcArya - kundakundabhAratI - (darzanapAhuDa) gA. 31. pR. 235. NANaM Narassa sAro sAro vi Narassa hoi sammattaM / 101. (a) kuMdakuMdAcArya - kundakundabhAratI (darzanapAhuDa) gA.. 2, pR. 12, sammatadaMsI Na kareti pAvaM /

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396 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva (ba) saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (AyAre) a. 4, u. 1, bhA. 1, pR. 12 sammatadaMsI Na kareti pAvaM / 102. anu. mukuMda gaNeza mirajakara - manusmRti - a. 6, zlo. 74, pR. 183. samyagdarzanasaMpannaH krmbhirnnibddhyte| darzanena vihInastu saMsAraM pratipadyate / / 74 / / 103. kuMdakuMdAcArya - kuMdakuMdabhAratI (darzanapAhuDa), gA. 3, pR. 231. daMsaNabhaTTA bhaTTA saNabhaTTassa NAtthi NivvANaM / sijhaMti cariyabhaTTA daMsaNabhaTTA Na sijhaMti / / 3 / / 104. (ka) devendramunizAstrI - dharma aura darzana - pR. 132 anirddhaya tamo nezaH yathA nodayateM'zubhAn / tathAnudabhidya mithyAtvatamA nodeti darzanam / / (kha) muni nathamala - jainadarzana manana aura mImAMsA - pR. 423 105. jainAcArya zrI AtmArAmajI ma. - zrInandIsUtram - (TIkA), pR. 61 __jJAtijJAnaM, kRtyaluTobAhubalam (pA. 3 / 3 / 113) itivacanAt 106. bhAvasAdhanaH, jJAyate-paricchidyate vastvanenAsmAdasminveti vA jJAnaM, jAnAti- svaviSayaM paricchinattIti vA jJAnaM, jJAnAvaraNa karmakSayopazamakSayajanyo jIvasvatattvabhUtI bodha ityarthaH / 107. saM. puSphabhikkhU - suttAgame (bhagavaI) - bhAga 1, sa. 12, u. 10 pR. 672 NANe puNa niyamaM AyA / / 108. saM. pupphabhikkhU - suttAgame (naMdIsuttam) bhA. 2, pR. 1074 savvajIvANaM pi ya NaM akkharassa aNaMtabhAgo niccugdhaaddio| 106. saMskRta chAyA-parizodhanaH paM. becaradAsajI dozI-samaNasuttaM - pR. 80 ka) zrutvA jAnati kalyANaM, zrutvA jAnati paapkm| ubhayamapi jAnAti zrutvA, yat chekaM tat samAcaret / / 1 / / 245 110. jJAnA''jJaptyA punaH darzanataponiyamasaMyame sthitvaa| viharati vizujyamAnaH, yAvajjIvamapi niSkramyaH / / 2 / / 246. 111. sUcI yathA sasUtrA, na nazyati kacavare ptitaa'pi| jIvo'pi tathA sasUtro, na nazyati gato'pi saMsAre / / 4 / / 248 112. saMskRta-chAyA-parizodhanaH paM. 'becaradAsajI dozI-samaNasuttaM-pR. 82, 84 ka) yena tattvaM vibudhyate, yena cittaM nirudhyate / yena AtmA vizudhyate, tajjJAnaM jinazAsane / / 252 / / yena rAgAdvirajyate, yena zreyassu rjyte| yena maitrI prabhAvyeta, tajjJAnaM jinazAsane / / 253 / / 113.

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397 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ka) etasmin rato nityaM, santuSTo bhava nitymetrimn| etena bhava tRpto, bhaviSyati tavottamaM saukhyam / / 256 / / 114. mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha - pR. 137 yathAvasthitatattvAnAM saMkSepAdvistareNa vA / yo'vabodhastamatrAhu stamatrAhuH samyagjJAnaM manISiNaH / / 115. sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasI - jainadharmasAra pR. 37 saMsayavimohavibhamavivajjiyaM appprsruvss| gahaNaM sammaMNANaM, sAyAramaNeyameyaM tu / / 76 / / 116. u. ni. bhitrAH pratyekamAtmAno, vibhitraH pudgalAH api| zUnyaH saMsarga ityevaM, yaH pazyati sa pazyati / / 0 / / 117. sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasI, jaina dharma-sAra-pR. 37 jo passadi appANaM, abaddhapuDheM annnnnnmvisesN| apadesasuttamajhaM, passadi jiNasAsaNaM savvaM / / 8 / / 118. u. ni. pR. 38 jo egaM jANai, so savvaM jaanni| jo savvaM jANai, so egaM jaanni|| 116. paM. da. vA. joga - bhAratIyadarzanasaMgraha - pR. 144 yathAvasthitatattvAnAM saMkSepAdvistareNa vaa| yo'vabodhastamatrAhuH samyagjJAnaM manISiNaH / / 120. pUjyapAdAcArya - sarvArthasiddhiH a. 1, sa 1.1 pR. 2 yena yena prakAreNa jIvAdayaH padArthA vyavasthitAstena tenAvagamaH samyagjJAnam (TIkA) 121. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - a. 1, sU. 1, (bekA) pR. 4 122. kSu. jineMdravaNI - jeneMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 2, pR. 262, . jIvAdijJAnasvabhAvena jJAnasya bhavanaM jnyaanm| 123. ka) u. ni. anyUnamatiriktaM yathAtathyaM vinA ca vipriitaat| niHsaMdehaM veda ydaahutNjinmaagminH| kha) u. ni. sadasadvyavahAranibandhanaM samyagjJAnam / ga) u. ni. pR. 265 jeNa taccaM vibujhejja jeNa cittaM nniruujjhdi| jeNva attA visujjhejja taM NANaM jinnsaasnne|

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398 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jeNa rAgA virajjejja jeNa seyasu rjjdi| jeNa mettI pabhAvejja taM gANaM jinnsaasnne| gha) u. ni. pR. 267 gurUpadezAdabhyAsAtsaMvitteH svpraantrm| jAnAti yaH sa jAnAti mokSasaukhyaM nirntrm| 124. ka) gItA presa, gorakhapura - muNDakopaniSad (sAnuvAda zAMkara bhASyasahita) muNDaka 3, khaNDa 1, pR. 64. satyena labhyastapasA eSa AtmA samyagjJAnena brahmacaryeNa nitym| kha) u. ni. pR. 13 brahmavidyA sarvavidyApratiSTam / ga) anu. mukuMda gaNeza mirajakara - manasmRti - a. 12,. zlo. 65, pR.. 430 sarveSAmapi ceteSAmAtmajJAnaM paraM smRtm| tajhyagraMtha rArvavidyAnAM prApyate amRta tataH / / 85 / / 125. deveMdramuni zAstrI - dharma aura darzana - pR. 141 - 142. 126. ka) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 1, sU. 6 mati zrutAvadhi-manaHparyaya-kevalAni jJAnam / / 6 / / kha) gRddhapicchAcArya - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra) (marAThI anu. jIvarAja _gautamacaMda dozI) a. 1, sU. 6 pR. 14-15. 127. gRddhapicchAcArya - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAstra) (marAThI anuvAda - zrI bra. jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI) a. 1, sU. 10, 11, 12 pR. 15-16 ka) tatpramANe / / 10 / / kha) Adye parokSam / / 11 / / ga) pratyakSamanyat / / 12 / / gha) bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 1, a. 1, sU. 12 - TIkA . indriyAnindriyAnapekSamatItavyabhicAraM sAkAragrahaNaM pratyakSam / 1 / akSaM pratiniyatamiti parokSAnivRttaH / 2 / 128. gRddhapicchAcArya - tattvArthasUtra (mokSazAratra) (marAThI anuvAda jIvarAja gautamacaMda dozI), pR. 2-3 / / 126. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan - bhAratIya darzana - bhAga 2, pR. 182. 130. ka) kSu. jineMdravarNI - jaineMdrasiddhAntakoza - bhAga 2, pR. 263, Na muNai vatthusahAvaM ahavivarIyaM Niravakkhado munni| taM iha micchaNANaM vivarIyaM sammarUvaM khu| kha) u. ni. tatrevAvastuina vastubuddhirmithyAjJAnaM / ......... athavA svAtmaparijJAnavimukhatvameva mithyAjJAna...... /

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399 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva ga) umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 1, sU. 6, 32 matizrutAvadhimanaH paryAyakevalAni jJAnam / / 6 / / matizrutA'vadhayo viparyayazva / / 32 / / 131. jainAcArya zrIAtmArAmajI ma.-zrInandIsUtra (nandIsUtra digdarzana) pR. 14-15 132. kuMdakuMdAcArya-kundakunda-bhAratI (prastAvanA), pR. 41 paDivajjadi samaNNaM jadi icchadi dukkhaparimokkhaM / / 133. devendramuni zAstrI - dharma aura darzana - pR. 143 134. munizrI nyAyavijayajI - jainadarzana - pR. 50 135. saMskRta-chAyA-parizodhana-paM becaradAsajI dozI - samaNasuttaM zlo. 266, 275 - pR. 86, 60 ka) subahApi zrutamadhItaM, kiM kariSyati crnnviprhiinnsy| andhasya yathA pradIptA, dIpazatasahastrakoTirapi / / 266 / / kha) samatA tathA mAdhyasthyaM, zuddho bhAvazca vItarAgatvam / tathA cAritraM dharmaH svAbhAvArAdhanA bhaNitA / / 275 / / 136. kSu. jineMdravI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 2, pR. 266 ka) ahavA cArittArAhaNAe ArAhiyaM savvaM / ArAhaNAe sesassa cAritrArAhaNA bhjjaa| kha) NANaM carittahINaM liMgagahaNaM ca dNsnnvihuunnN| saMjamahINo ya tavo tai carai NiratthayaM savvaM / 137. mahAsatI zrI ujjvala kumArIjI - ujjvala vANI - bhA. 1, pR. 29 138. 1- kuMdakuMdAcArya - kundakunda-bhAratI (aSTapAhuDa), gA. 3, pR. 241 jaM jANai taM gANaM jaM picchai taM ca daMsaNaM bhaNiyaM / NANassa picchiyassa ya samavaNNA hoi cArittaM / / 136. u. ni. gA. 4, pR. 241 ee tiNNivi bhAvA havaMti jIvassa akkhyaameyaa| tiNhaM pi sohaNatthe jiNabhaNiyaM duviha caarittN|| 140. mAdhavAcArya-sarvadarzanasaMgraha (bhASyakAra-pro. umAzaMkara zarmA "RSi") pR.140 saMsaraNakamocchittAludyatasya zraddhAnasya jJAnavata........ ahiMsAsUnRtAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahAH / / / 141. amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra - zlo. 2, pR. 208 nizcayavyavahArAbhyAM mokSamArgo dvidhA sthitaH / tatrAthaH sAdhyarUpaH syAd dvitIyastasya sAdhanam / / 2 / / 142. saMskRta-chAyA-parizodhana-paM. becaradAsajI dozI-samaNasuttaM-zlo.268, pR.88

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400 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva nizcayanayasya evaM, AtmA Atmani Atmane surataH / saH bhavati khalu sucaritraH yogI saH labhate nirvANam / / 268 / / 143. saMskRta-chAyA-parizodhana-paM. becaradAsajI dozI-samaNasuttaM-"lo. 269, 278, pR. 88, 90 ka) yad jJAtvA yogI, parihAraM karoti puNyapApAnAm / tat cAritraM bhaNitama, avikalpaM karmarahitaiH / / 269 / / kha) atizayamAtmasamutthaM, viSayAtItamanupamamanantam / avyucchinnaM ca sukhaM, zuddhopayogaprasiddhAnAm / / 278 / / 144. u. ni. zlo. 263, pR. 86 ___ azubhAdvinivRttiH, zubhe pravRttizca jAnIhi critrm| vratasamitiguptirUpaM, vyavahAranayAt tu jinabhaNitam / / 263 / / 145. kuMdakuMdAcArya - kundakunda-bhAratI (jJAnAdhikAra), gA. 6 saMpajjadi NivvANaM devaasurmnnuyraayvihvehiN| jIvaraya carittAdo daMrANaNANappahANAdo / / 6 / / 146. jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 2 - pR. 284 saMsArakAraNanivRttimvratyAgUNo akSINAzayaH sarAga ityucyte| prANIndriyeSyazubhapravRtteviratiH sNymH| sarAgasya saMyamaH sarAgo yA saMyamaH sraagsNymH| 147. saMskRta-chAyA-parizodhana-paM. becaradAsajI dozI-samaNasuttaM zlo. 280, pR. 10, 62 ka) nizcayaH sAdhyasvarUpaH sarAgaM tasyaiva sAdhanaM caraNam / tasmAt dve api ca kramazaH pratISyamANaM prabudhyadhvam / / 208 / / kha) abhyantarazuddhyA, bAyazuddhirapi bhavati niymen| abhyantaradoSeNa hi, karoti raH bAhyan doSAn / / 281 / / 148. kSu. jineMdravaNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 2, pR. 265 zuddhAtmanaH sakAzAdanyabAhyAbhyantaraparigraharUpam sarva tyAjyamityutsoM "nizcaya nayaH" sarvaparityAgaH paramopekSAsaMyamo vItarAgacAritaM zuddhopayoga iti yaavdekaarthH| 146. kSu. jineMdravarNI - jaineMdra siddhAMta koza - bhAga 2, pR. 264 ka) ArAdhyaM darzanaM jJAnamArAdhyaM ttphltvtH| sahabhAve'pi te hetuphale diipprkaashvt| kha) sammaM viNA saNNANaM saccaritaMNa hoi nniymenn| pR. 263 150. u. ni. pR. 286

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401 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva cAritrAtpUrve jJAnaM prayuktaM, tatvUrvakatvAccAritrasya / 151. kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdra siddhAMta koza - bhAga 2 - pR. 287 ka) tatrAdau samyaktvaM samutpAdaNIyamakhilayatnena / tasminsatyeva yato bhavati __ jJAnaM cAritraM cN| kha) samyaktvasyAdau vacanaM, ttpuurvktvaaccaaritrsy| 152. u. ni. pR. 286. zrutajJAnamantareNa cAritrAnupapateH / 153. u. ni. pR. 287 NANassa Nicchiyassa ya samavaNNA hoi cArittaM / 154. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 1, sU. 1, samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / / 1 / / 155. kSu. jinedravarNI - jaineMdra siddhAMta koza - bhAga 3, pR. 343 156. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga 1, a. 1, sU. 1, pR. 14 (TIkA) ato rasAyanajJAnazraddhAnakriyAsevanopetasya tatphalenAbhisaMbandha iti niHpratidvandametat / tathA na mokSamArgajJAnAdeva mokSeNAbhisaMbandho / darzanacAritrAbhAvAt / na ca zraddhAnAdaivaH mokSamArgajJAnapUrvakriyAnuSTAnAbhAvAt / na ca kriyAmAtrAdevaH jJAnazraddhAnAbhAvAt / yataH kriyA jJAnazraddhAnarahitA niHphleti| yadi ca jJAnamAtrAdeva kvacikSyaMsiddhidRSTA sAbhidhItayAm? na caasaavsti| ato mokSamArgatritayakalpanA jyaaysiiti| 157. bhaTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - a. 1, sU. 1 (TIkA), pR. 14 hataM jJAnaM kriyAhInaM hatA cAjJAninAM kriyaa| dhAvana kilAndhako dagdhaH pazyanapi ca paMgulaH / / 1 / / saMyogameveha vadanti tajjJAna hyekacakreNa rathaH pryaati| andhazca paMguzca vane praviSTA to saMprayuktau nagaraM prvissttau||2|| 158. ka) kSu. jineMdravarNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 3 - pR. 344 NijjAvago ya NANaM vAdo jhANaM caritta NAvA hi| bhavasAgaraM tu bhaviyA taraMti tihisnnnnipaasenn| NANaM payAsao tavo sodhao saMjamo ya muttiyro| tiNhaMpi ya saMjoge hodi hu jiNasAsaNe mokkho| kha) u. ni. pR. 346 NicchayaNayeNa bhaNido tihI samAhido hu jo appaa| Na kuNadi kiM ci vi aNNaM Na muyadi so mokkhamaggo tti| 156. devendra muni zAstrI - dharma aura darzana - pR. 143-144 sadRSTijJAnacAritratrayaM yaH sevate kRtii| rasAyanamivAtatekye so'mRtaM pdmshnute|| mahApurANa, parva 11, zlo 56 . 160. kuMdakuMdAcArya - kundakunda-bhAratI (aSTapAhuDa), gA. 8, pR. 268

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402 daMsaNaNANacaritte uvahANe jai Na liMgarUveNa / aTTa jhAyadi jhANaM anaMtasaMsArio hodi / / 8 / / 161. AcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUrijI ma. -vallabha- pravacana - bhAga 2 pR. 167 - 170 162. pUjyapAdAcArya sarvArthasiddhi a. 1, 1 (TIkA), pR. 3, mArga iti caikavacananirdezaH samastasya mArgabhAvajJApanArthaH / tena vyastasya mArgatvanirvattiH kRtA bhavati / ataH samyagdarzanaM samyagjJAnaM samyakcAritramityetatritayaM samuditaM mokSasya sAkSAnmArgo veditavyaH / / jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 163. kSu. jineMdra vaNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza bhAga 3, pR. 345 samyagdarzanAdIni mokSasya sakalakarmakSayasya mArgaH upAyaH na ityekavacanaprayogatAtparyasiddhaH / tu 164. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika- bhAga 1 - a. 1, sU. 1, ( TIkA ) - pR. 17 eSAM pUrvasya lAbhe bhajanIyamuttaram / 66 / uttaralAbhe tu niyataH pUrvalAbhaH // 70 / 165. saM. paM. munizrI nemicaMdrajI amara bhAratI (bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa vizeSAMka 1674), pR. 106 166. devendramuni zAstrI dharma aura darzana - pR. 66-100 167. saM. muni cunIlAlajI "cittamuni" paM. nAnacaMdrajI ma. janmazatAbdI smRti graMtha (DaoN.sAgaramala jaina - jainadarzana kA trividha sAdhanAmArga), pR. 365-366. ka) suttanipAta 28/8 kha) gItA 4 / 34, 4 / 36 ga) Psychology & Morals - Page 180. 168. saM. muni cunIlAlajI "cittamuni" - paM. nAnacaMdrajI ma. janmazatAbdI smRti graMtha (DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jainadarzana kA trividha sAdhanAmArga), pR. 366. 166. kSu. jineMdravarNI - jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 3, pR. 334 NihayavivihaTThakammA tihuvaNasiraseharA vihuvadukkhA / suhasAyara majjhagayA NiraMjaNA Nicca aTTaguNA / aNavajjA kayakajjAsavvA vayavehi viTThasavvaTThA / vajjasilatthabbhaggaya paDimaM vAbhejja saMThANA / ...... - - - 170. kuMdakudAcArya - paMcAstikAya gA. 28, pR. 62. kammamalavippamukko uDr3ha logassa aMtamadhigaMtA / - so savvaNANadarisI lahadi suhamaNidiyamaNaMtaM // 28 // 171. kSu. jineMdra varNI- jaineMdra siddhAMta koza - mArgAH I bhAga 3 - pR. 334

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403 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva NaTThaTTakammasuddhA asarIrANaMtasokkhaNANaTThA / paramapahuttaM pattA je te siddhA hu khalu mukkA / 172. kuMdakuMdAcArya - kuMdakuMda-bhAratI (niyamasAra), pR. 211. NaTTaka mabaMdhA aTTamahAguNasamaNNiyA paramA / loyaggaThidA NiccA siddhA te purisA hoti / / 72 / / 173. kuMdakuMdAcArya - paMcAstikAya (TIkA), pR. 134 zuddhacetanAtmakA muktAH ............ kevalajJAnadarzanopayoga lakSaNA muktAH / 174. ka) saMyojaka - udayavijayagaNi - navatattvasAhityasaMgraha (deveMdrasUri navatattvaprakaraNam) zlo, 63-106, pR. 52-54. kha) u. ni. (sAdhuratnasUri - navatattvacUrNi), pR. 73. / ga) u. ni. (vivekavijaya-navatattvastavana), DhAla 11, pR. 23 gha) abhayadevasUri TIkA-sthAnAMgasUtra-a. 1 ThA. 1, pR.30 "egA titthe / " 175. jainAcArya zrI AtmArAmajI ma. - zrInandIsUtrama - pR. 142-146. titthasiddhA, atitthasiddhA, titthayarasiddhA, atitthayarasiddhA, sayaMbuddhasiddhA, patteyabuddhasiddhA, buddhabohiyasiddhA, ithiliMgasiddhA, purisaliMgasiddhA, napuMsagaliMgasiddhA, saliMgasiddhA, analiMgasiddhA, gihiliMgasiddhA, egasiddhA, aNegasiddhA, se ttaM aNaMtarasiddhA kevlnaannN|| 176. ka) abhayadevasUri - sthAnAMgasUtra - ThA. 1, pR. 22 kRtakRtyo'bhavat sedhati sma vA - agacchat apunarAvRttyA lokAgramiti siddha: - karmaprapaMcanirmuktaH / kha) jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. - uttarAdhyayanasUtra (TIkA), a. 26, sU. 73, pR. 363 177. abhayadevasUri - sthAnAMgasUtra - pR. 22 / ege siddhe, buddhe mutte ege parinivvANe ege parinivvue / 178. anu. paM. muni zrI saubhAgyamalajI ma. - AcArAMgasUtra - pR. 430 savve sarA niyaTati, takka jattha na vijjai, maI tatThA na gAhiyA, oe, appaiTThANassa kheyatre, se na dIhe na hasse na vaTTe na taMse na cauraMse, na parimaMDale na kiNhe na nIle na / lohie .............. na gaMdhe, na rase, na phAse icceva tti bemi / 176. amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra (saM. paM. patrAlAla sAhityAcArya) (aSTamAdhikAra), zlo. 46, pR. 206. karmaklezavimokSAcca mokSe sukhamanuttamam / /

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404 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 180. amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra (saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya) (aSTamAdhikAra), zlo. 46, pR. 205-206. syAdetadazarIrasya jantonaSTASTakarmaNaH / kathaM bhavati muktasya sukhamityuttaraM zRNu / / 46 / / loke catuSvihAryeSu sukhazabda: prayujyate / viSaye vedanAbhAve vipAke mokSa eva ca / / 47 / / sukho vahniH sukho vAyurviSayeSviha kathyate duHkhAbhAve ca puruSaH sukhito'ramIti bhASate / / 4 / / puNyakarmavipAkAcca sukhamiSTendriyArthajam / karmaklezavimokSAcca mokSe sukhamanuttamam / / 46 / / 181. amRtacaMdrasUri-tattvArthasAra-(aSTamAdhikAra), zlo. 52-53, pR. 207. loke tatsadRzo hyarthaH kRtsne'pyanyo na vidyate / upamIyeta tayena taramAtrirUpamaM smRtam / / 52 / / liDgaprasiddheH / praamaannymnumaanopmaanyoH| aliMgaM cAprasiddhaM yatenAnupamaM smRtam / / 53 / / 182. u. ni. zlo. 54. pR. 207. pratyakSaM tadbhagavatAmarhatAM tai! prabhASitam / gRhyate'stItyataH prAjJairna ca chadmasthaparIkSayA / / 54 / / 183. prAcArya da. go. dasanUrakara - Apale mahAbhArata - pR. 743. 184. DaoN. bharatasiMha upAdhyAya - pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 254 165. kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdrasiddhAMtakoza - bhAga 4, pR. 432-433 ka) vajjiya sayala viyappaiM parama samAhiM lahati / jaM viMdahiM sANaMd kavi so siva-sukkha bhaNaMti / / kha) tisu vi kAlesu suhANi jANi maannustirikkhdevaannN| savvANi tANi Na samANi tassa khnnmittsoknenn| ga) jaM ca kAmasuhaM loe jaM ca divvmhaasuhN| vItarAga suhassede 'NaMtabhAgaM pi nngghii| 186. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva-tattvArtharAjavArtika-bhAga2, a.10, sU. 4 (TIkA), pR. 643 na cAmUrtAnAM muktAnAM janmamaraNadvandopanipAtavyAbAdhA'sti, ato nirvyAbAdhatvAt prmsukhinste| 187. kSu. jineMdra varNI - jaineMdra siddhAnta kozva - bhA. 4, pR. 433 Neva ya iMdiyasokkhA anniNdiyaanntnnaann-suhaa| 188. amRtacaMdrasUri - tattvArthasAra (aSTamAdhikAra) zlo. 45, pR. 205 saMsAraviSayAtItaM siddhAnAmavyayaM / avyAbAdhamiti sukha paramaM paramarSibhiH / / 186. hemacaMdracArya - syAdvAdamaMjarI (sa. DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina), pR. 62

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405 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sukhamAtyantikaM yatra buddhigraahymtiindriym| taM vai mokSaM vijAnIyAd duSprApamakRtAtmabhiH / 190. u. ni. mokSe niratizayakSayamanapekSamanantaM ca sukhaM tavADhaM vidyte| 191. umAsvAti - tattvArthasUtra - a. 10, sU. 5, tadanantaramUce gacchatyA - lokAntAt / 5 / / 162. ka) saM. paM. zobhAcaMdrajI bhArilla-nAyAdhammakahAo - a. 6, pR. 218 kha) bhaTTAkalaMdeva - tatvArtharAjavArtika - bhA. 2, a. 10, sU. 7, (TIkA), pR. 645 asaMgatvAnmuktalepAlAbUdravyavat / yathA muttikAlepajanita. gauravamalAbUdravyaM....tatsaMDgavipramukto tUpayeva yaati| 163. u. ni. bandhacchedAderaNDabIjavat / 5 / yathA bIjabandhakozAdi cchedAderaNDabIjasya gatirdRSTA tathA manuSyAdibhavaprAkgatijAtinAmAdisakalakarmabandacchedAt muktasya gtirvsiiyte| 164. bhaTTA kalaMkadeva-tathirAjavArtika-a. 10, sU. 7, mA. 2, pR. 645 tathAgatipariNAmacca agnishikhaavt| yathA tiryapavanasvabhAva samIraraNasaMbandhanirUtsukA pradIpazikhA svAbhAvAdutpatati tathA muktAtmA'pi nAnAgativikArakAraNakarmanivAraNe sati urdhvgtisvbhaavtvaaduurdhvmevaarohti| 165. jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma.- uttarAdhyayanasUtra- a.26, sU. 73 (vyAkhyA) pR. 363-365. tataH audArika taijasa kArmaNAni sarvAbhirviprahANibhirviprahAya RjuzreNiprAptaH, aspRzadgatiH Urdhvam ekasamayena avigraheNa tatra gatvA sAkAropayuktaH sidhyati, budhyate yAvat anaMta karoti / / 166. jainAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - a. 36, gAthA 55, (chAyA) pR. 766 ka) pratihatAH siddhAH, kva siddhAH pratiSThitAH kva tyaktvA khalu, kutra gatvA sidhyanti / / 56 / / kha) u. ni. zlo. 57, pR. 766 aloke pratihatAH siddhAH, lokAgre ca prtisstthitaaH| iha bondiM tyaktvA khalu, tatra gatvA sidhyanti / / 57 / / 167. u. ni. zlo. 64, pR. 809 tatra siddhA mahAbhAgA, lokAgre pratiSThitAH / bhavaprapaMcato muktAH , siddhiM varagatiM gatAH / / 64 / /

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406 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kSINASTakarmaNo 198. paM. da. vA. joga, - bhAratIyadarzanasaMgraha - gA. 8, pR. 153 labdhAnantacatuSkasya lokAgUDhasya cAtmanaH / muktirnivyAvRttijinoditA / / 8 / / 166. bhaTTAkalaMkadeva - tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 1, pR. 2 kAryavizeSopalambhAta kAraNAnveSaNapravRttiriti cetuH naH anumAnataratatsiddherghaTIyantrabhrAntinivRttivat / / / pratyakSato'nupalabhyamAnasyApi mokSakAryasyAnumAnata upalabdho..... mokSakAraNAnveSaNaM nyaayymiti|

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adhyAya dasavaoN upasaMhAra (1) jIva tattva : ___bhAratIya darzana AdhyAtmika darzana haiN| cArvAka ke atirikta sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne jIva kA astitva mAna liyA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki bhAratIya darzana prAyaH AtmavAdI hai| prAcIna kAla se hI bhAratIya RSi-muniyoM ne AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM cintana, manana kiyA hai| AtmA ke svarUpa kI pahacAna kara lenA yahI unhoMne apane jIvana kA dhyeya mAnA hai| jaina tattvajJAna meM prAyaH jIva aura AtmA paryAyavAcI mAne gaye haiN| alaga-alaga darzanoM ne AtmA ke svarUpa kI alaga-alaga vyAkhyAe~ kI haiN| upaniSadoM meM brahma sambandhI vicAra milate hai| jIva ke saMbaMdha meM sabase prAcIna vicAra 'bhUta-caitanyavAda' ke rUpa meM milatA hai| pRthivyAdi cAra bhUtoM ke saMyoga se mAnavI zarIra utpanna hotA hai aura yaha zarIra hI AtmA yA jIva hai| upaniSadoM, jainAgamoM aura bauddhapiTaka sAhitya meM isa mata kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bRhadAraNyaka meM kathana hai ki vijJAnadhana caitanya AtmA paMcabhUtoM se utpanna hotA hai aura unhIM meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| isa mata ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM rakhakara bAda meM usakA khaMDana kiyA hai| bauddhapiTaka meM ajita kezakaMbalI ke mata ko prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yaha puruSa cAra bhUtoM se utpanna hotA hai| bhUtacaitanyavAda ke samAna hI prAcIna kAla meM 'tajjIvataccharIravAda' nAmaka eka aura vAda astitva meM thaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke puMDarika adhyayana meM isa mata kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra myAna se talavAra alaga nikAlakara dikhAI jA sakatI hai, dadhi ko bilokara usameM se makkhana alaga nikAlakara dikhAyA jA sakatA hai, yA tila se tela alaga nikAla kara dikhAyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra zarIra se jIva alaga nikAla kara nahIM dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| isalie jo zarIra hai, vahI jIva hai, aisA kahanA par3atA hai| tajjIva-taccharIravAda kA prAraMbha kisane aura kaba kiyA yaha ajJAta hai| isa mata ke samarthaka aneka loga the| jo karma karatA hai vahI phala bhogatA hai, isa vicAra se punarjanma aura paraloka ye kalpanAe~ astitva meM A gii| dehapAta ke bAda jIva kA dUsarA janma letA hai yA paraloka meM jAtA hai, usakA svarUpa kyA hotA hai, eka deha chor3akara dUsarA deha dhAraNa karane ke lie AtmA kisa prakAra jAtA hai, ina praznoM kA aura isI prakAra ke anya praznoM kA vicAra usa yuga meM aneka dArzanika karate the| isI ke sAtha vartamAna jIvana kI apekSA adhika sukhakAraka aisA pAralaukika jIvana kisa mArga se aura kina sAdhanoM se prApta ho sakegA, isakA bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA

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408 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva thaa| isase eka. tarapha logoM kI jIvana kI ora dekhane kI dRSTi hI badala gaI aura dUsarI tarapha se janmAMtara gamana ke saMbaMdha meM aneka mata-matAMtara astitva meM A ge| usake pazcAt kAlAMtara meM nirmita dArzanika sAhitya meM ina mata matAMtaroM kI carcA hone lgii| pratyeka Astika darzana ne svataMtra, cetana aura avinAzI aisA eka tattva mAna liyA aura use hI AtmA yaha nAma diyA hai| AtmA kRtakarma ke phala bhogatA hai aura apanA uddhAra bhI kara sakatA hai, aisA mAnA gyaa|' nyAya-vaizeSika darzana jIvatatva : nyAya vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA ko eka dravya mAnA gayA hai| AtmA nitya hai, usakA nivAsa pratyeka zarIra meM hai| prANApAna, nimeSonmeSa, cetanA jIvana Adi pramANoM se unhoMne AtmA kI siddhi kI hai| AtmA eka nahIM hai, apitu aneka hai aura prati zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna AtmA hai| AtmA nitya hai aura buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA Adi guNa usameM rahate haiM, aisA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ne mAnA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana svataMtra AtmavAdI hai| paraMtu unakI AtmA kI avadhAraNA eka svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM hai| ve zarIra se bhinna aise anaMta tathA anAdi AtmA mAnate haiN| ve Atma dravya ko aneka guNoM kA yA dhamoM kA Azraya mAnate haiN| ve Atma tattva meM jJAna, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, dharma, adharma Adi guNa mAnate haiN| ve AtmA ko sahaja cetanArUpa nahIM mAnate, kintu zarIra dazA meM jJAna Adi guNayukta mAnate haiN| unake abhimatAnusAra mukta AtmA AkAza-kalpa banatA hai| isameM aMtara itanA hI hai ki AkAza amUrta hokara bhI bhautika mAna liyA gayA hai| jabaki Atma dravya amUrta aura abhautika hai| AkAza eka dravya hai, kiMtu AtmAe~ anaMta hai| unakA kathana yaha hai ki jaba taka zarIra hai taba taka jJAna, icchA prabhRti guNoM kA utpAda-vinAza hotA rahatA hai aura usI ke sAtha kartRtva-bhoktRtva guNa bhI rahatA hai| paraMtu mukta dazA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA kartRtva-bhoktRtva bAkI nahIM rhtaa| unake mantavya ke anusAra Atmatattva meM kartatva-bhoktRtva bhI bhinna prakAra kA haiN| ve AtmA ko kUTasthanitya mAnate haiN| kintu jaba zarIra dazA meM jJAna, icchA, prayatna Adi guNa hote haiM, taba AtmA kartA aura bhoktA hotA hai| paraMtu ina guNoM kA sarvathA abhAva hone para muktadazA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA kartRtva-bhoktRtva nahIM rahatA, aisA ve kahate haiN| zubha-azubha yA zuddha-azuddha vRttiyoM se jIva meM saMskAra Ate haiN| una saMskAroM ko grahaNa karane vAlA eka paramANurUpa mana haiN| AtmA vyApaka hone se gamanAgamana nahIM kara sakatA, paraMtu pratyeka jIva ke sAtha eka-eka paramANurUpa mana

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409 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hai| vaha eka zarIra naSTa hone ke bAda dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| isa prakAra mana kA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAnA yahI AtmA kA purnajanma hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana jJAna, zraddhA aura puruSArtha kI zuddhi-azuddhi ke pariNAma ke anusAra AtmA kI utkrAMti aura apakrAMti mAnatA haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA kA svarUpa uparokta prakAra se milatA hai| vedAnta darzana kA jIvatatva : vedAnta darzana ne aMtaHkaraNAvacchinna caitanya ko jIva kahA hai| zaMkarAcArya ne zarIra aura indriyoM kA adhyakSa aura karma-phaloM kA bhoktA jo AtmA hai use jIva aisI saMjJA dI hai| AtmA yaha parabrahma kA vyapadeza hone se parabrahma ke samAna hI vibhu hai| jAgRti, svapna aura suSupti ye tIna avasthAe~ aura annamaya, manomaya, prANamaya Adi pA~ca koza inameM Atmacaitanya upalabdha hotA hai| lekina AtmA kA zuddha caitanya to isake bhI para hai| jIva kI vRtti ubhayamukhI hotI hai| jaba bahirmukha hotI hai taba viSayoM ko prakAzita karatI hai aura jaba aMtarmukha hotI hai taba AtmA ko abhivyakta karatI hai, aisA vedAnta meM kahA hai|| jIva yA AtmA yaha caitanyAtmaka hone se vaha paramezvara kI utkRSTa vibhUti hai, aisA gItA meM mAnA hai| gItA use kSetrajJa kahatI hai| kRta karma kA phala bhoganevAlA yaha zarIra kSetra hai aura isa kSetra kA jo jJAtA hai vaha kSetrajJa AtmA hai| gItA ke dUsare adhyAya meM AtmA ke ajanmA, nitya, zAzvata aura SaDUvikAra rahita hone kA varNana milatA hai| usI prakAra vaha sarvavyApI, sthira, acala aura sanAtana hai, aisA bhI usameM ullekha milatA hai| upaniSadoM ke mUlabhUta siddhAMta 'brahmana' aura 'Atmana' ina do avadhAraNAoM para kendrita haiM, aisA kahane meM koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| inameM se 'brahman' isa zabda se vizva ke mUla meM nihita satya ko darzAyA gayA hai aura 'Atman' isa zabda se mAnava meM nihita satya abhipreta hai| upaniSadoM ke vicAraka isa bAhya vizva ke samAna hI usase susaMvAdI aisI mAnava ko aMtaryAmI kI sRSTi mAnate haiN| unake prayatna hamezA ina donoM vizvoM meM nihita satya ko DhUMDhakara unakA paraspara kyA saMbaMdha hai, ise dekhane kA hotA haiN| unake isa abhyAsa kI do dizAe~ haiN| unakA niSkarSa aisA hai ki yaha vizva brahma se nirmita huA hai, isalie sthira hai aura aMta meM usI meM vilIna honevAlA hai isalie yaha vizva brahma hI hai| 'sarva khalu idaM brahma' jaise mahAkAvyoM kA yahI artha hai| mAnava jagata meM aMtima satya Atman hai aura deha kA vinAza huA to bhI 'Atman' amara aura avinAzI hai, vikAra ke pare hai| yaha AtmA AnaMda svarUpa hai| 'tatsatyaM sa AtmA', 'eSaH sa AtmA' isa prakAra ke vacanoM se yahI batAyA gayA hai|

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410 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva AtmA aura brahma ye donoM eka hI haiM, yaha upaniSadoM kA sabase mahatvapUrNa aura maulika siddhAMta hai| yaha niSkarSa 'ahaM brahmAsmi', 'tattvamasi' jaise mahAvAkyoM meM grathita huA hai| mAnava aura vizva ina dono meM eka hI caitanyayukta, AnaMdasvarUpa, avinAzI tatva nihita hai| bAkI saba bhautika hai, vinAzI hai aura vaha mahattvapUrNa bhI nahIM hai| usa AnaMdasvarUpa yA saccidAnaMda svarUpa brahma se tadrUpa honA, usake sAtha naisargika tadAtmya prasthApita karanA yahI mAnavI jIvana kA dhyeya hai, yahI mokSa hai| ArUNI, zvetAketu, yAjJavalkya, maitreyI Adi ke saMvAdoM meM isa satya kA bar3e hI vistAra se spaSTIkaraNa huA hai| upaniSadoM kA yaha rocaka siddhAMta hai| isakA vivecana hameM bAra-bAra milatA hai| upaniSadoM kI dRSTi aMtarmukha hai aura yaha bAta unakI 'brahman' aura 'Atman' saMbaMdhI avadhAraNAoM se samajhI jA sakatI hai| vizva kA 'satya' DhUMDhate samaya paMca-mahAbhUta tathA indra, sUrya-caMdra Adi devatAoM kA zAsana/niyamana karanevAle tattva ke nAte brahma para unakA vicAra sthira huaa| isI prakAra mAnava meM satya kyA hai yaha DhUMDhate samaya deha indriyA~ ina saba kA vicAra karake, ve 'prANa' yA 'AtmA' isa kalpanA para sthira hue| sAMkhya-yogadarzana kA jIvatatva : sAMkhya darzana ne prakRti aura puruSa aise do mUlatattva mAne haiN| sAMkhyoM kA puruSa hI AtmA hai| yaha AtmA yA puruSa svayaMsiddha hai| vaha caitanyarUpa hai aura svayaM jJAtA hai| vaha kabhI jJAna kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| sAtha hI vaha kUTasthanitya aura vyApaka hai| vaha pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna hai aisA sAMkhyoM kA bhI mata hai| yoga-darzana ne bhI jIva kA astitva mAnA hai| jIva aneka hai| jIva ko aneka prakAra ke kleza bhogane par3ate haiN| vaha vividha karma karatA hai aura una kamoM ke phala bhI bhogatA hai| pUrvajanma ke saMskAroM kA prabhAva bhI jIva para par3atA hai, aisA yoga-darzana ne mAnA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ne caitanya meM kartRtva, bhoktRtva mAnA hai| guNaguNI bhAva yA dharmadharmI bhAva ko svIkAra na karane se, vaha puruSa meM kisI bhI prakAra ke guNa yA dharma ke sadbhAva athavA pariNAma sAMkhyadarzana nahIM mAnatA hai| sAMkhyadarzana zakti ko cetanA meM na mAnakara sUkSma zarIrarUpa jo buddhitattva hai, usameM mAnatA hai| mImAMsAdarzana kA jIvatatva : mImAMsA darzana ne AtmA ko kartA aura bhoktA aisA ubhayavidha mAnA hai| vaha AtmA ko vyApaka aura prati zarIra bhinna mAnatA hai| jJAna, sukha, duHkha Adi guNa usameM samavAya saMbaMdha se rahate haiN| mImAMsA darzana ke mata se AtmA yaha jJAna-sukhAdi rUpa nahIM hai| bhATTa mImAMsaka AtmA meM kriyA kA astitva mAnate haiN| skaMdha aura pariNAma aise kriyA ke do bheda haiN| bhATTa matAnusAra AtmA

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411 jaina- darzana ke nava tattva pariNAmazIla hokara bhI nitya hai / AtmA meM cit aura acit aise donoM aMza bhATTa mImAMsakoM ne mAne haiN| usameM se cit aMza se AtmA jJAna kA anubhava letA hai, aura acit aMza se vaha pariNAmasvarUpa hotA hai| bhATTa mImAMsaka AtmA ko jJAna kA kartA aura jJAna kA viSaya aisA ubhayavidha mAnate haiM / paraMtu prabhAkara mImAMsaka use ahaMpratyayavedya hI mAnate haiM / cArvAkadarzana kA jIvatatva : cArvAka deha hI AtmA hai aura deha kA vinAza yahI mokSa aisA mAnate haiM deha ko AtmA mAnane para maiM sthUla hU~, maiM azakta hU~, maiM kAlA hU~, Adi vidhAna siddha ho sakate haiN| dehAtmavAda ko svIkAra kara lene para koI bhI prazna bAkI nahIM rahate hai / AtmA para zarIra ke guNoM kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai isalie 'maiM sthUla hU~ isa vAkya kI siddhi ke lie AtmA (ahaM) aura deha ko (sthUlaH ) eka sarIkhA samajhanA pdd'egaa| agara AtmA deha eka na hote to 'ahaM sthUlaH' yaha vAkya kaise banatA? agara zarIra AtmA hai to 'ahaM zarIraM' aisA kahanA cAhie / 'mama zarIraM ' kaise kahA jAegA? 'mama zarIraM' tabhI kahA jAegA jaba AtmA (ahaM) aura zarIra meM bheda hogaa| isa prakAra bhAratIya darzanoM meM cArvAka darzana ekAMta rUpa se bhautikavAdI hai / isa darzana kA lakSya bhautika sukha hai / cArvAka darzana bhUta aura bhaviSya kI upekSA kara kevala vartamAnakAla ko hI mahattva detA hai / kyoki yaha darzana kevala pratyakSa pramANa ko hI mAnatA hai| pratyakSa pramANa ke alAvA bAkI saba kA vaha niSedha karatA hai 1 ve kahate haiM ki jaba taka jIvita rahanA hai, taba taka sukhapUrvaka jIo / RNa karake ghI khaao| yaha zarIra bhasma hone para jisake lie punaH janma dhAraNa karanA par3egA aisI koI bhI vastu bAkI nahIM rhegii| ve 'AtmA' nAmaka tattva ko mAnate hI nahIM hai| cAra mahAbhUtoM ke alAvA koI bhI svataMtra tattva nahIM hai| cAra mahAbhUtoM kA saMyoga hI jIvana hai aura cAra mahAbhUtoM ke saMyoga kA naSTa honA hI mRtyu hai / jIvana meM khUba khuzI lUTanA yaha isa darzana ke anusAra jIvana kA lakSya hai / ihaloka ke alAvA paraloka nAmaka koI vastu hI nahIM hai / zarIra yahI AtmA hai / mRtyu yahI mukti hai| isalie zarIra meM jaba taka prANa haiM, taba taka sukha prApta karate rahanA caahie| dharma yaha puruSArtha nahIM hai, kAma yahI mAnavI jIvana kA puruSArtha hai, jIvana ke viSaya meM cArvAka darzana ke isa prakAra ke mata haiM /

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412 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva caitanyaviziSTa deha hI AtmA (puruSa) hai| paraloka meM jAnevAlA jIva pratyakSa dikhAI nahIM detA, usakA abhAva hone se paraloka kA bhI abhAva hai| bauddha darzana kA jIvatattva : anAtmavAda yaha bauddha darzana kA mata hai| buddha anAtmavAdI the| isa anAtmavAda para hI bauddha dharma sthita hai| zAzvata AtmavAda kA buddha ne khaMDana kiyA aisI koI nitya vastu nahIM hai jise hama 'AtmA' kaha skeNge| rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna-ina pA~coM ko milAkara hamArA vyaktitva banA huA hai| buddha ke matAnusAra rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ko AtmA samajhanA yaha sabase bar3I bhrAnti hai| kyoMki ye duHkharUpa haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki ye saba kSaNabhaMgura haiN| inheM AtmA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaba ye AtmA nahIM haiM, to inheM apanA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| milinda-prazna meM rAjA milinda aura nAgasena kI carcA se bhI buddha kA anAtmavAda spaSTa siddha hotA hai| jaba rAjA milinda ne nAgasena se pUchA 'bhante! vijJAna, prajJA aura AtmA ye ekArthavAcI zabda hai yA alaga-alaga artha ke vAcaka hai? taba nAgasena ne kahA - 'mahArAja! jAnanA yaha vijJAna hai, samajhanA yaha prajJA hai aura AtmA yaha koI vastu hI nahIM hai| isa para se buddha anAtmavAdI the yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai| isa kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra meM nirvANa ko chor3akara saba vastue~ vinAzazIla aura parivartanazIla haiM, yaha buddha ko mAnya hai| hamArA yaha zarIra hI jaba kSaNabhaMgura hai, taba AtmA ke samAna sthira vastu usameM kaise raha sakegI? unake matAnusAra AtmA zarIra se bhinna nahIM hai aura abhinna bhI nahIM hai| saMsAra meM sukha-duHkha, karma janma-maraNa, baMdha-mokSa Adi saba hai, paraMtu ina saba kA sthira AdhAra AtmA nahIM hai| ye avasthAe~ naI avasthA ko utpanna karake naSTa hotI hai| janma-mRtyu kA rahasya kyA hai? aisA prazna pUchane para buddha ne kahA ki zarIra hI AtmA hai, aisA mAnanA yaha eka aMta hai aura AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai, aisA mAnanA yaha dUsarA aMta hai| buddha aise ekAMta ko svIkAra nahIM karate hai|" jaina darzana kA jIva tatva aura anya darzanoM se jaina darzana kA vaiziSTayaH navatattvoM meM jIvatatva yaha prathama tattva hai| kyoMki yahI tattva saba tattvoM meM mukhya tattva hai| Agama sAhitya aura Agametara sAhitya meM anya tattvoM ke alAvA jIvatattva kA hI jyAdA vivecana milatA hai| jIvatattva ko sUrya ke samAna mAna liyA

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jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jAye to bAkI bace ATha tattva sUrya ke cAroM ora bhramaNa karane vAle grahoM ke samAna haiM, isa para se isa tattva kI zreSThatA dhyAna meM aaegii| prAyaH bhAratIya darzanoM kA vikAsa eka Atma-tattva ko kendrabiMdu mAnakara huA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai 'je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai'2 jo eka Atmatattva ko jAnatA hai, vaha saba kucha jAnatA hai| isapara se jIvatattva kA mahattva spaSTa hotA hai| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada meM bhI yahI bAta batAI 'Atmani vijJAte sarvAmidaM vijJAtaM bhvti|3 eka Atmatattva ko jAna lene para saba kucha jAna lene jaisA hai| bhAratIya darzana yaha eka AdhyAtmika darzana hai| bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke mahattva ko sadaiva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadhapi Aja vijJAna kA yuga hai aura pracura bhautika sukha-suvidhAe~ upalabdha hai, phira bhI AdhyAtmika pragati ke binA mAnava ko sukha nahIM milegA, yaha nizcita hai, Atmika zAMti nahIM milegii| hamane jIvatattva nAmaka adhyAya meM jIva kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM kI dRSTi se jIvatattva aura jaina darzana kI dRSTi se jIvatattva ko spaSTa karane kA pUrNa prayatna kiyA hai| phira bhI nau tattvoM para likhA gayA yaha zodha prabaMdha ardhavirAma hI hai, pUrNavirAma nahIM hai, aisA hI kahanA pdd'egaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAratIya darzana 'neti neti' - yAni jitanA hama kahate haiM, vahI saba kucha nahIM hai aisA mAnatA hai| usake samakSa bhI anaMta satya hai, kartavya kA anaMta kSetra hai| agara hamane isa zodha-prabaMdha ko 'iti iti' samajha liyA to bar3I galatI hogI, isalie ise 'iti' na samajhakara 'neti' samajhanA caahie| navatattvoM meM 'jIva tattva' yaha eka tatva aisA hai jo mAnava ko paramatattva kI prApti karA sakatA hai| jIvatattva yaha anaMta zakti kA pratIka hai| usakA mahattva jAnanevAle vyakti ko aisA nizcita lagatA hai ki isa pUre saMsAra meM jIva ke alAvA jo sAdhana haiM, ve sAre nATakIya haiN| naTa bAsa ke sahAre baMdhI rassI para apanI karataba dikhAtA hai| paraMtu thor3I hI dera bAda usake sAmane yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki maiMne jo karataba dikhAye, kyA ve sacamuca mere the? isakA uttara 'nahIM', aisA hI milatA hai| caitanya yA jJAna yaha jIva kA lakSaNa hai| jIva yaha jJAna, darzana, cAritra-ina guNoM se eka dRSTi se abhinna aura dUsarI dRSTi se bhinna hai| abhinna kahane kA kAraNa ekendriya, dvIndriya, paMceMdriya Adi kula caudaha prakAra ke jIvoM me unakI yogyatAnusAra jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hotA hI hai, isalie abhinna hai|

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414 jaina darzana ke nava tattva bhinna kahane kA kAraNa yaha ki eka kI tulanA meM dUsarA jIva jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke bAre meM kama hotA hai| tAtparya pratyeka jIva meM jJAnAdi Adi hote bhI haiM aura nahIM bhI hote hai / jIva pariNAmI arthAt parivartanazIla hai / usameM parivartana kI saMbhAvanA hotR hai / vaha jo deva, manuSya, pazu, pakSI Adi vividha janma grahaNa karatA hai / use hI 'pariNamana' yA 'parivartana' kahate hai / sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa akartA hai| jaina darzana meM zubha aura azubha karma jIva hI karatA hai aura apane karma kA phala bhI bhogatA hai t kisI bhI jIva ko dUsare jIva ke karma kA phala bhoganA nahIM par3atA / jise jIva ke sAmarthya kI pratIti ho cAtI hai, vaha nizcita rUpa se apanI dhyeyaprApti meM saphala ho jAtA hai| jIva aura AtmA bhinna nahIM haiM, eka hI haiM jIva jJAnadarzanamaya hai| jaba vaha pUrNa kSayopazama prApta karatA hai, taba use vizva ke sAre padArthoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| AtmA jJAnamaya hai| AtmA ke pAsa jJAna ke alAvA dUsarI koI bhI sAmarthya nahIM hai| jJAna zakti sabhI prANiyoM meM hotI hai / parantu manuSya meM viveka buddhi bhI hotI hai| jo manuSya apanI viveka buddhi kA yogya upayoga karatA hai, use apane meM hI chipe hue alaukika divya prakAza kI pratI ho jAtI hai / 9% " dUsarI bAta yaha ki AtmA jaba taka ajJAna ke AvaraNa meM rahatA hai, tava taka use jJAnaprApti hone kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA / paraMtu taba bhI AtmA meM jJAna, darzanarUpI sAmarthya to hotI hai| use kisI bhI bAhya prakAza se prakaTa karanA nahIM par3atA / ajJAna yaha jIva kA asalI bhAva na hokara vikArI bhAva hai isakI jAnakArI jaba hogI, taba ajJAnarUpI aMdhakAra samApta hogA / jIva kI sattA anAdi aura ananta hai / usakA Adi nahIM aura aMta bhI nahIM / jIva avinAzI hai akSaya hai / dravya dRSTi ke kAraNa usakA svarUpa tInoM kAloM meM eka jaisA hI hotA hai, isalie vaha nitya hai taura paryAya dRSTi ke kAraNa vaha bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM pariNata hotA rahatA hai, isalie jIva anitya bhI hai| jIva aura zarIra eka pratIta hotA hai, paraMtu piMjar3e se paMchI, myAna se talavAra jisa prakAra bhinna haiM, usI prakAra jIva zarIra se bhinna hai / zarIra ke anusAra jIva kA saMkoca aura vistAra hotA rahatA / jo jIva hAthI ke virATakAya zarIra meM hotA hai, vahI jIva cIMTI ke laghu zarIra meM bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai| saMkoca aura vistAra ina donoM avasthAoM meM usakI pradezasaMkhyA kama jyAdA nahIM hotI, samAna hI hotI hai /

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415 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jisa prakAra AkAza amUrta hai phira bhI vaha avagAhana guNa ke kAraNa jAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jIva amUrta hai, phira bhI vaha jJAnAdi guNoM ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra kAla anAdi hai, avinAzI hai, usI prakAra jIva anAdi aura avinAzI haiN| jisa prakAra pRthvI saba vastuoM kA AdhAra hai, usI prakAra jIva jJAna, darzana Adi kA AdhAra hai| suvarNa se hAra, mukuTa, kuNDala, aMgUThI Adi alaMkAra banate haiM, phira bhI vaha suvarNa hI rahatA hai| sirpha nAma rUpa meM pharka par3atA hai| usI prakAra cAroM gatiyoM aura caurAsI (84) lAkha jIva yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karate samaya jIva ke paryAya parivartita hote hai, jIva kA rUpa aura nAma badalatA hai, lekina jIvadravya hamezA eka hI rahatA hai| kezara, kasturI, kamala, ketakI Adi kI sugandha kA rUpa A~khoM ko dikhAI nahIM detA, parantu ghrANendriya dvArA usakA grahaNa hotA rahatA hai| usI prakAra jIva dikhAI nahIM detA phira bhI jJAnAdi guNoM ke dvArA usakA grahaNa hotA hai| vAdya yantroM ke dvArA zabda sunAe jAte hai, parantu unakA rUpa dikhAI nahIM detA, usI prakAra jIva dikhAI na dene para bhI usakA jJAnAdi guNoM ke dvArA grahaNa hotA hai| jIva anekAneka zaktiyoM kA puMja hai usameM mukhya zaktiyA~ hai - jJAnazakti, vIryazakti, sNklpshkti| vizva meM, loka meM aisA eka bhI sthAna nahIM hai, jahA~ sUkSma yA sthUla zarIrI jIva kA astitva nahIM hai| jisa prakAra suvarNa aura miTTI inakA saMyoga anAdi hai, usI prakAra jIva aura karma inakA saMyoga bhI anAdi hai| agni se tapAkara sonA miTTI se vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI saMvara, tapasyA Adi dvArA kamoM se vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra AkAza tInoM kAloM meM akSaya, ananta aura atula hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI tInoM kAloM meM akSaya, ananta aura atula hai| jisa prakAra sahastra razmi sUrya, pRthvI para prakAzita hotA hai taba vaha dikhAI detA hai, lekina rAtri meM vaha anya jagaha jAtA hai, taba usakA prakAza dikhAI nahIM detaa| usI prakAra vartamAna meM zarIra meM rahA jIva dikhAI detA hai aura zarIra ko vaha chor3akara jAtA hai taba dikhAI nahIM detaa| jaina dRSTi se pratyeka zarIra meM jIva bhinna-bhinna aura ananta hai| jaina dRSTi se jIva amUrta hai parantu kArmaNa Adi zarIra ke yoga se vaha mUrta sadRzya banatA hai|5. sukha, duHkha, icchA Adi kA bhAva jaba taka zeSa rahatA hai taba taka vyakti Atma tattva kI prApti kara nahIM sktaa|

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416 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jIva isa saMsAra meM madArI ke samAna karataba dikhAtA rahatA hai, kabhI vaha manuSya banatA hai, kabhI pshu| jIva, ajIva kI yaha vicitra dazA saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hotI hai| karma ke Agamana ko "Asrava" kahate hai aura karma ke AtmA ke sAtha baddha hone ko baMdha kahA hai| ye donoM saMsAra ke kAraNa mAne gaye hai| saMvara aura nirjarA ye jIva kA vizeSa svarUpa prakaTa karane ke sAdhana hai| aMtima mokSa yaha jIva rUpa hI hotA hai kyoM ki jIva hI paramAtma svarUpa prApta karatA hai, usI ko hI hama mokSa, nirvANa, mukti, apavarga, kaivalya Adi nAma dete hai| parantu aisA bAra-bAra vicAra karane para bhI 'mukta kauna' ? yaha prazna zeSa rahatA hI hai, sacamuca jisane Atma svarUpa ko arthAt samyagjhAna-darzanAdi guNoM ko pUrNataH prakaTa kara liyA hai| vahI mukta jIva hai| jJAna, darzana yaha jIva kA svabhAva hai, jar3atA yaha ajIva kA svabhAva hai, jIva jaba apane svarUpa ko acchI taraha samajha letA hai taba use sacce Atma svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai Akhira maiM kauna hU~? maiM caitanya svabhAvI jJAnI AtmA hU~ mere ina jJAna, darzana Adi Atma guNoM ke vikAsa hone para mokSa prApta hogaa| isa sambandha meM aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba vyakti apUrNatA se pUrNatA kI ora bar3hatA hai, taba use alaukika Ananda kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai, parantu isa duHkha nivRtti ke liye jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ye isa jIva ko AtmA se paramAtma pada para adhiSThita karane vAle sAdhana hai| 'appA so paramappA' arthAt AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| sacce Atma svarUpa ko pahacAnane ke liye jIva ke vikArI aMga-upAMgoM ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| isa saMbaMdha meM navatattvoM kA AdhAra lenA Avazyaka hai| ina navatattvoM meM saMsArI jIva ko saMsAra paribhramaNa se mukta hone ke upAya dikhAye gaye haiN| sabakA dhyeya eka hone para bhI kisa mArga se jAne para vaha icchita phala milegA aura kisa mArga se jAne para vaha nahIM milegA yaha satya bahuta hI thor3e logoM kI samajha meM AtA hai| kintu jo ina navatattvoM ko ThIka se jAna letA hai, samajha letA hai vaha sarvocca avasthA taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| jIva svataMtra hai aura ve aneka hai| deha bheda se bhinna-bhinna aura ananta hai| jJAnazakti, puruSArtha aura saMkalpa zakti ye jIva kI mukhya zaktiyA~ hai| jIva jaise vicAra karatA hai vaise usa para saMskAra hote hai aura ina saMskAroM kI chApa vAle eka sUkSma paudgalika zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai aura dUsarA deha dhAraNa karate samaya yaha saMskAra zarIra yA karma zarIra jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai| aisA jainiyoM kA mata hai| sthUla zarIra ke vicchinna hone para yaha sUkSma zarIra hI navIna sthUla zarIra kI racanA karatA hai|6

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417 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jIva dravya ko AtmA bhI kahate haiN| jaina darzana meM yaha eka svataMtra dravya mAnA gayA hai| jIva anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta sukha aura anaMta vIrya isa anaMta-catuSTaya ke yukta hai aura isakA sAmAnya lakSaNa upayoga hai| AtmA sAre jar3a dravyoM se apanA bhinna astitva rakhatA hai| AtmA rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparzarahita hai| vaha svabhAva se amUrta hai| asaMkhyAta pradezayukta hai| pradeza meM saMkoca aura vistAra hone se vaha choTe-bar3e zarIra ke AkAra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| jIva dravya do prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai -1) saMsArI jIva aura 2) mukta jIva / paraMtu sabhI jIva samAna guNa aura samAna zakti ke hote hai| jisa jIva kA saMsAracakra eka bAra rUka jAtA hai, use punaH saMsAra meM Ane kA kucha bhI kAraNa nahIM rhtaa| anaMta jIvoM ne apanI saMsAra-yAtrA samApta karake siddhagati prApta kI jaina dharma dvArA mAnya do mukhya tattva haiM jIva aura ajiiv| indriyA~ kI zakti bala (mana,vacana,kAyA) Ayu, zvAsocchavAsa ye saMsArI jIva ke lakSaNa haiN| zuddha jIva ke lakSaNa haiM - anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta vIrya ora anaMta sukh| ye guNa zuddha yAnI mukta jIva meM hI milate haiN| pratyeka jIva anAdi kAla se azuddha avasthA meM hI hai aura yaha avasthA use ajIva karmapudgala ke saMbaMdha ke kAraNa prApta huI hai| isa azuddha avasthA ko saMsAra kahate haiM aura zuddha avasthA ko mokSa kahate haiN| eka bAra jIva mukta hone para punaH vaha kabhI azuddha avasthA meM nahIM aaegaa| ___jaina matAnusAra jIva chaha prakAra ke haiN| unheM 'SaTkAya' kahate haiN| ve haiMpRthvIkAya, apakAya, agnikAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya, trskaay|" inameM se vanaspatikAya aura trasakAya jIvadhArI hai, aisA sAmAnyataH saba dArzanika mAnate haiN| paraMtu pRthvI, ap, agni aura vAyu ye svayaM prANayukta haiM aisA kevala jainadarzana hI mAnatA hai| yaha jaina dharma kA vaiziSTaya hai| ina chaha kAya-jIvoM kI hiMsA alaga-alaga kAraNoM se hotI haiN| pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA kuMe-tAlAba khodane para, mahala bAnAne para, ImArateM banAne para, ghara banAne para hotI hai| apkAya kI hiMsA snAna karane se, pAnI pIne se, kapar3A dhone Adi se hotI hai| agnikAya kI hiMsA bhojana pakAnA, lakar3I jalAnA Adi se hotI hai| vAyukAya kI hiMsA paMkhe se havA lene se, sUpa se anAja sApha karane Adi se hotI hai| vanaspatikAya kI hiMsA vividha prakAra ke bhavana banAne se, naukAe~ banAne se, sabjiyA~ khAne Adi se hotI hai| isa prakAra dharma, artha aura kAma ke kAraNa aneka trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA bhI hotI hai| jIva ekendriya se paMcendriya taka hote hai| sabhI kI hiMsA sambhava hotI hai| hiMsA se ATha kamoM kA

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418 jaina darzana ke nava tattva baMdha hotA hai| mAnava ko naraka meM le jAnevAlI hiMsA hI hai| ahiMsA se janakalyANa aura AtmakalyANa donoM hI hote haiM / jaina darzana kA mukhya siddhAMta syAdvAda athavA anekAntavAda hai / usakA ahiMsA se ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai| jisa prakAra AcAra meM ahiMsA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra vicAra meM anekAntavAda kI bhI atyaMta AvazyakatA hai| bha. mahAvIra ke kAla meM Atma-nityavAda, ucchedavAda Adi kaI dArzanika vicAradhArAe~ pracalita thIM / usase sAmAjika aura dArzanika kSetroM meM matabhedoM kA nirmANa huA / isalie bha. mahAvIra ne saba kA vicAra karake samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa rkhaa| koI bhI bAta ekAMgI na ho, tumhArA bhI saca aura hamArA bhI saca / koI bhI jhUTA nhiiN| isalie bha. mahAvIra ne 'syAt' isa zabda kA upayoga vicArapUrvaka kiyA / vyakti ko apanA kathana eka viziSTa sImA taka yogya prakAra se samajhA denA aura anya ke kathana para kisI bhI prakAra ke AMkSepa na karanA, ise hI 'syAdvAda' kahate haiM / bha. mahAvIra kI dRSTi se vastu meM sat evaM asat donoM pakSa hote haiM / vastu apane mailika rUpa se nitya hone para bhI parivartanIya paryAyoM kI apekSA se anitya bhI hotI hai / isa prakAra jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kA anekAMta ke siddhAMta ke sAtha bahuta hI najadIka kA riztA hai / ahiMsA kA siddhAMta apane maulika rUpa meM to nirapekSa hI hotA hai / ahiMsA ke pUrNataH pAlana karane ke lie to vyakti ko kisI bhI jIva ko kisI bhI prakAra se sRSTa nahIM denA caahie| use kitane bhI kaSTa Aye use sahana karanA cAhiye / prANiyoM ko kaSTa denA yaha hiMsA hai aura kaSTa na denA yaha ahiMsA hai 1 jIvo ke astitva kI rakSA para itane sUkSma vicAra kisI ne bhI nahIM rakhe haiN| jIvoM kI hiMsA nahI karate hue unakA rakSaNa karanA cAhie, yahI asalI ahiMsA hai, phira vaha jIva koI bhI ho| isa prakAra kA vicAra jaina darzana ke alAvA kahIM bhI nahIM dikhAI detA / yaha jaina dharma kA bahuta bar3A vaiziSTya hai, isalie jaina darzana meM navatattvoM meM jIvatattva kA asAdhAraNa mahattva hai| sUkSma hiMsA mAnava ke dvArA kaisI hotI rahatI hai? ahiMsA ke pAlana ke lie kyA karanA cAhie? isake lie 'gAMdhI ujjvala vArtAlApa' nAmaka pustaka meM vistRta varNana hai 18 Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM aneka naI-naI vyavahAropayogI vastuoM kA aviSkAra huA hai, usI ke sAtha aNubama jaise mahAna saMhAraka aura ghAtaka zastroM kA bhI nirmANa huA hai| yaha saba kisalie? apanI sattA aura apanA mahattva dUsare ko dikhAne ke lie hI hai| eka tarapha zastra - spardhA meM eka deza dUsare deza ke Age jAnA cAhatA hai aura dUsarI tarapha janatA ko zAMti kI icchA hai| paraMtu zAMti zastroM kI spardhA se nahIM mila sktii| zAMti kA nivAsa to AdhyAtmikatA meM hai,

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419 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva bhautikatA meM nahI hai| isalie navatattvoM kA jJAna aura usameM bhI jIva tattva kA jJAna vizeSa rUpa se mahatvapUrNa hai| yahA~ jIvatattva ke vivecana kA hetu yahI hai ki jIva ke bheda aura svarUpa ko samajhakara sabako jIvoM kA rakSaNa karanA caahie| hameM jaise sukha priya hai, vaise hI vaha saba jIvoM ko bhI sukha priya hotA hai| isalie apane samAna saba jIvoM kA rakSaNa kreN| kisI ko bhI maranA pasaMda nahIM hotA, saba ko jIvita rahanA hI acchA lagatA hai| __'savve jIvAvi icchaMti jIviuM na mrijjiuN'|" isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kahanA par3A ki cIMTI se lekara hAthI taka sabako jIvana priya hai| isalie kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanA caahie| prANimAtra ko sukha kI icchA hotI hai, duHkha koI bhI nahIM caahtaa| thor3A-sA saMkaTa Ate hI manuSya paramAtmA kI yAda karane lagatA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki hameM duHkha nahIM caahie| paraMtu jo sukha hama cAhate haiM vaha sukha kSaNika nahIM honA caahie| dUsaroM ke duHkha se milanevAlA sukha nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki aisA sukha asalI sukha nahIM hotaa| yadi eka dUsare ko duHkha dekara sukha prApta karanA cAhoge to pariNAmataH koI bhI sukhI nahIM hogaa| isase to saba apanA duHkha hI bddh'aaeNge| yadi hama ne eka ko bhI duHkhI kara sukha kI icchA kI to dUsarA hameM duHkhI karake sukha prApta karanA cAhegA, isa prakAra duHkha hI bar3hatA hai| sukha nahIM bddh'taa| isalie isa zAzvata sukha kA sahI mArga bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAr3he bAraha varSa jaMgala meM rahakara aura anArya deza meM bhramaNa karake DhUMDha nikaalaa| unheM jo mArga milA usake saMbaMdha meM upadeza dete samaya unhoMne kahA hai - 'saccA sukha agara kahIM hogA to vaha ahiMsA meM hai, sabhI se prema karane meM hai| isakA mUla sUtra batAte samaya unhoMne kahA "jIo aura jIne do " Live and Let live. eka tarapha bhagavAna ne yaha bAta duniyA ke sAmane rakhI to dUsarI tarapha kucha logoM ne "jIvo jIvasya bhojanam' arthAt jIva hI jIva kA bhojana hai, yaha bAta bhI khii|, arthAt eka jIva dUsare jIva ke AdhAra ke binA jIvita hI nahIM raha sktaa| agara ahiMsA kA mArga hI sahI mArga hai, to eka kA jIvana dUsare ke jIvana kA AdhAra kaise banegA ? isameM ahiMsA kaise rahegI ? aisA prazna logoM ke mana meM AnA svAbhAvika hI hai| isa prazna kA uttara eka aMgreja lekhaka ne apanI bhASA meM 'Living is Killing' 'jInA mAranA hai' aisA diyA hai| isa prazna ke uttara meM hamAre tattvacintakoM ne kahA hai ki 'jInA mAranA' yaha bAta sahI hai, paraMtu yaha mAnava kA dharma nahIM hai| manuSya kA dharma to aisA hai ki vaha kama se kama hiMsA kara jyAdA se jyAdA ahiMsA kA pAlana kre| isa saMbaMdha meM aMgrejI meM Killing the

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420 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva least is living the best aisA suMdara vicAra hai| kama se kama hiMsA karake jyAdA se jyAdA ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA, yaha jIvana kA sarvottama siddhAMta hai| yaha bAta bhagavAna ne bhI apane sAr3he bAraha varSa ke dIrgha mauna kI samApti ke samaya kahI thii| 'mA haNo, mA haNo' - jise vedoM meM bhI 'mA hiMsyAt sarva bhUtAni' aisA kahA hai| "ahiMsA" yaha eka tIna akSaroMvAlA choTA-sA zabda hai| paraMtu yaha viSNu ke tIna caraNoM se bhI adhika vizAla aura vyApaka hai| akhila mAnava jAti hI nahIM, varan saMpUrNa cara-acara prANI jagat ina tIna caraNoM meM samAyA huA hai| jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahA~ jIvana hai| jahA~ ahiMsA kA abhAva hai, vahA~ jIvana kA abhAva hai| jisa dina isa saMsAra meM jIva ne janma liyA, usa dina se ahiMsA kA bhI astitva hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi para prANI kA avataraNa anAdi hai isalie jaina darzana ahiMsA ko bhI anAdi mAnatA hai| jIvana aura ahiMsA kA saMbaMdha anAdi hai| jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahA~ jIvana hai aura jahA~ jIvana hai, vahA~ ahiMsA hai, yaha vyApti nitya-satya hai|" agara ahiMsA hogI to satya TikegA, acaurya TikegA, brahamacarya aura aparigraha kI bhAvanA bhI ttikegii| jIvana ke jitane Adarza haiM, una saba kI prApti kA sAdhana ahiMsA hI hai| jisa prakAra jamIna ke AdhAra para hI vizAla mahala, grAma, nagara yAnI saMpUrNa vizva sthita hai, usI prakAra ahiMsA bhI AdhyAtmika sAdhana kI AdhArabhUmi hai| jIvana alpakAlIna hai, kSaNabhaMgura hai, isalie kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| hiMsA nahIM kI to pApa nahIM hogA aura pApa na hone para hama sukhI hoMge aura Akhira paramatatva mokSa ko jA skeNge| agara hamAre hAthoM se hiMsA ho gaI, to pApa bddh'egaa| kyoMki hiMsA kA phala kaDuA hotA hai| sAtha hI saMsAra-bhramaNa bar3hegA, hama mukti se dUra raheMge, yaha saba samajhakara ahiMsA kA AcaraNa kreN| jIvana ke kaThina saMgharSoM meM kaise saphala ho? sAMsArika aura AdhyAtmika samasyAe~ kaise sulajhAye? AtmA kI mukti ke lie sAdhanA-mArga para kaise ArUr3ha ho? aura jIva evaM jagata kA rahasya samajhakara saMvara dharma kI ArAdhanA kaise kare? ina sAre praznoM ke uttara ahiMsA kI sAdhanA meM haiN| jIvoM ke mukhya cAra prakAra haiN| AvAntara prakAra to aneka haiM, paraMtu saba meM zreSTa mAnava hI hai| mAnava vizva kA zrRMgAra hai| saMsAra meM mAnava se zreSTa koI bhI prANI nahIM hai| asIma sukha meM nimagna devatA bhI mAnava se spardhA nahIM kara skte| ___mAnava zakti aura teja kA puMja hai| vaha vizva kA bhAgyavidhAtA hai| vaha sArvabhauma samrATa hai| vaha apane teja se vizva ko prakAzita karatA hai| usane

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421 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva saMskRti, sabhyatA aura vijJAna kA navanirmANa kiyA hai| usakI paramArtha bhAvanA atyaMta bhavya hai| jaina saMskRta vAGmaya meM varNita navatatvoM meM 'jIva' tattva ko pramukha mAnA gayA hai| 'jIva' tattva sAdhanA kA AdhArastaMbha hai aura aMtima sAdhya mokSa kI prApti meM samartha hai| ... 'jIva' ke svarUpa ke bAre meM dArzanikoM meM matabhinnatA hote hue bhI unhoMne eka mata se usameM cetanA sAmarthya ko mAna liyA hai| caitanya sAmarthya ke abhAva meM 'jIva' ko 'ajIva' kahA jAtA hai| ajIva ko hI dUsare zabdoM meM sparza, rUpa, rasa aura varNayukta pudgala kahate haiN| jar3a kI kriyA jar3arUpa hotI hai aura jIva kI kriyA caitanyarUpa hotI hai| jIva yA AtmA anAdi aura anaMta hai| isa viSaya meM sAmya aura vaiSamya kI carcA nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsaka aura bauddha darzanoM ke prasaMga meM kI gaI hai| jIva aura zarIra, jIva aura AtmA, cetanA aura zarIra - inake paraspara saMbaMdha ko spaSTa karane kA namra prayatna kiyA hai, aura aMta meM 'jIva' kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| AtmA kA svabhAva to hamezA jJAna-darzana rUpa cetanAmaya hotA hai isalie aisA kahA jAtA hai ki bhAratIya darzana meM jIva kA mahattva adhika hai kyoMki jIva hI karmamukta hokara mokSaprApti karatA hai| jIva ke AdhAra se hI Agama graMtha nirmita hue hai| isa saMbaMdha meM dArzanikoM ne aneka vikalpoM ke AdhAra para dArzanika graMthoM kI nirmiti kii| Adhunika vicArakoM ne bhI jIva ke saMbaMdha me paryApta uhApoha kiyA hai| Aja bhI zAstrIya paddhati se yaha kArya cala rahA hai| bhArata ke samasta darzanoM ne AtmA ke astitva ko mAna liyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana AtmA ko nitya padArtha mAnate haiN| icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha, duHkha aura jJAna usake vizeSa guNa hai| AtmA yaha jJAtA, kartA aura bhoktA hai| jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa ye AtmA ke dharma haiN| caitanya yaha AtmA kA svarUpa hai| mImAMsA darzana kA bhI yahI mata hai| mImAMsA darzana AtmA ko nitya aura vibhu mAnatA hai aura caitanya ko ve usakA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiN| svapnarahita, nidrA ke samAna mokSva kI avasthA meM AtmA caitanya guNa se rahita hotA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa ko nitya, vibhu aura caitanya svarUpa mAnA hai| isa darzana ke anusAra caitanya yaha AtmA kA Agantuka dharma nahIM apitu svAbhAvika guNa hai| puruSa akartA haiN| vaha sukha-duHkha kI anubhUtiyoM se pare hai| buddhi hI kartA hai aura sukha-duHkha ke guNoM se yukta hai| buddhi prakRti kA pariNAma hai aura prakRti nirantara kriyAzIla hai| usake virUddha puruSa caitanyasvarUpa aura akartA hai|

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422 jaina darzana ke nava tattva advaita vedAnta AtmA ko sat, cit aura AnaMdasvarUpa mAnatA hai / sAMkhya aneka puruSoM ko mAnatA hai, parantu Izvara ko nahIM mAnate haiM / advaita kevala eka hI AtmA ko mAnatA hai| cArvAka darzana AtmA kI sattA nahIM maantaa| vaha caitanyayukta zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai| bauddha darzana AtmA ko jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa kI pratikSaNa parivartana hone vAlI cetanadhArA mAnatA hai| isake viparIta jaina darzana meM AtmA ko ajara aura amara mAnA gayA hai| jJAna yaha AtmA kA viziSTa guNa hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA yaha svabhAvataH anantajJAna, anantadarzana, aura anantasukha anantazakti se yukta hai| saba darzanoM ke jIvAtmA viSayaka siddhAntoM kA svarUpa dekhane para patA calatA hai ki unameM kahIM susaMvAda hai aura kahIM visaMvAda hai / isalie una saba meM anekatA meM ekatA aura ekatA meM anekatA dikhAI detI hai| phira bhI jaina dharma meM jIvatattva ke viSaya meM atyaMta vistRta aura sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sabhI jIva eka samAna hai, isalie galatI se bhI kisI prANI kA ghAta karanA yA use kisI bhI prakAra se use kaSTa pahu~cAnA anucita hai, yaha hiMsA hai| 'jIva' tattva kI carcA ke prasaMga meM nimnalikhita viSayoM kA varNana hai jIva tattva hI prathama kyoM? AtmavAda kI utkrAnti kA itihAsa, anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAe~, jIva kA lakSaNa, upayoga ke bheda, jIva ke anya lakSaNa, jIva ke prakAra, cetanA ke prakAra, jJAna ke prakAra, jIva ke bhAva, jIva kI zAzvatatA, saMsArI jIvoM ke prakAra, trasa ke prakAra, cAra- gati, sthAvara jIva ke prakAra, zarIra ke prakAra, deha parimANa jIva, AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi, vibhinna vaijJAnikoM ke AtmA ke viSaya meM vicAra, Adhunika vijJAna aura jIvatattva Adi ke viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / 1 isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne AtmA kA astitva mAnA hai aura apanI-apanI dRSTi se usakA vivecana kiyA hai| phira bhI jaina darzana kA jIva tattva kA vivecana atyanta gahana aura sUkSma hai 1 (2) ajIvatattva : jIva ke viruddha lakSaNa vAlA ajIvatattva hai / jIva cetana hai, to ajIva acetana hai| ajIva tattva ko bhI jaina dharma meM vistAra se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| anya darzanoM ne isa tattva kI ora vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyA hai aisA pratIta hotA hai| jaina dharma kI dRSTi vaijJAnika hone se usameM kisI bhI viSaya ko sUkSmatA se spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai / yahI jaina darzana kA vaiziSTya hai| ajIva tattva ke (1) dharma, (2) adharma, (3) AkAza, (4) kAla aura (5) pudgala - ye pA~ca bheda haiM /

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423 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jaina darzana ke alAvA anya kisI bhI darzana meM dharma evaM adharma ko tattva ko nahIM mAnA gayA hai| jIva aura pudgala kI gati kA sahakArI kAraNa dharma dravya hai| dharma yaha jIva kI gati kA preraka yA mAdhyama hai| adharma dravya dharma dravya se viruddha lakSaNa vAlA hai| jIva aura pudgala inakI sthiti kA sahakArI kAraNa adharma dravya hai| 'AkAza' ke do bheda haiM - (1) lokAkAza aura (2) alokAkAza / jisa AkAza meM dharma, adharma Adi dravya haiM, vaha 'lokAkAza' hai aura jisameM ve nahIM haiM, vaha alokAkAza hai| vyAvahArika 'kAla' dravya ke bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna athavA ghaTikA, pala, prahara, rAta, dina Adi bheda haiM aura ve sAdi aura sAnta haiN| pAramArthika kAla avicchinna rahanevAlA hone se vaha nitya hai| vaha anya dravyoM ke parivartana kA sahakArI kAraNa hai| 'pudgala' sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa Adi guNoM se yukta ajIva dravya ko kahate haiN| usake aNu aura skaMdha aise do prakAra haiN| chahoM dravyoM kA vistRta varNana 'vizvaprahelikA' nAmaka pustaka meM milatA hai|23 jaina darzana meM jIva aura ajIva ina tattvoM ko hI mukhya tattva mAnA gayA hai| puNya, pApa, Amnava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ina sAta avAntara tattvoM kA jIva aura ajIva inameM hI aMtarbhAva hotA hai| phira bhI vizeSa tattvajJAna ke lie aura saMsAra ke doSa dikhAkara niHzreyasa ke mArga kI ora logoM kA citta AkarSita karane ke lie puNya pApa, Amrava, saMvara aura nirjarA tathA baMdha aura mokSa ina tattvoM kA bhI svataMtra vicAra jaina darzana meM kiyA gayA hai| 'ajIva' kA vistRta varNana 'ajIva tattva' nAmaka adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala ina pA~ca dravyoM kA varNana bhI usI meM kiyA gayA hai| usake sAtha hI vizvavyavasthA, dravya kA svarUpa pratyeka dravya kA svataMtra astitva, rUpI aura dravya, dravya kA kSetramApana, utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya, dharma kA aura adharma kA viziSTa artha, zAstrIya dRSTikoNa se ajIva kA varNana pudgala kA mahatva aura vaiziSTya, vaijJAnika dRSTi se pudgala Adi kA vivecana bhI ajIva tattva meM sUkSmatA se kiyA gayA hai| (3-4) puNya-pApa tattva : uttama arthAt zubha phala prApta karAnevAlA karma hI 'puNya' hai| puNyakarma ke viruddha arthAt azubha phala prApta karAnevAlA karma hI 'pApakarma' hai| ___ jaina darzana meM puNya nau prakAra se bAMdhA jAtA hai aura usakA phala bayAlIsa prakAra se milatA hai| pApa aThAraha prakAra se bAMdhA jAtA hai aura usakA phala bayAsI prakAra se milatA hai| inakA vistRta rIti se vivecana puNya-pApa saMbaMdhI adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai|

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424 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva jaina darzana ne puNya aura pApa ko vizeSa mahattva nahIM diyA hai| paraMtu pApa kA tyAga kie binA puNya meM pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| kisI ko bhI puNya kA tyAga nahIM karanA cAhie, aisA spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai| mImAMsA darzana ne puNya ko svargaprApti kA hetu aura pApa ko naraka gati kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| anya darzanoM ne bhI karIba-karIba yahI bhUmikA svIkAra kI hai| jaina darzana ne puNya aura pApa ko svataMtra tattva mAnA hai| phira bhI puNya-pApa kA mokSa se kucha bhI saMbaMdha nahIM hai, aisA spaSTa rUpa se kahakara mumukSu ko pApa aura pUNya ina donoM se pare jAkara Atmonnati karate hue mokSa prApta karanA cAhie aisA bhI spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza diyA hai| yaha kalpanA bAda meM 'gItA' meM bhI AI hai| Adarza bhakta ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue use zubha aura azubha karma kA tyAga karane vAlA mAnA hai| jaina tattva jJAna ke anusAra bhI pApa aura puNya inakA tyAga karane vAlA hI saccA sAdhaka mAnA gayA hai| gItA meM varNita Adarza sAdhaka aura jaina dharma meM varNita Adarza sAdhaka bahuta hI sAmya hai, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke batAe hue Adarza sAdhaka ke lakSaNa hI, gItA meM Adarza bhakta yA sthitaprajJa ke lie svIkAra kiye gaye hai| jaina darzana meM kundakunda ne puNya ko suvarNa kI ber3iyAM aura pApa ko lohe kI ber3iyAM kahA hai| ber3iyAM lohe kI hoM yA suvarNa kI, ve baMdhanakAraka hI hotI haiN| isa prakAra puNya-pApa donoM baMdhanakAraka hokara kisa rUpa meM tyAjya haiM yaha batAyA hai| sAtha hI puNya-pApa kI vyAkhyA, pUrvakRta pApa-puNya, dravyapuNya-bhAvapuNya, puNya ke nau bheda, puNya kA phala, puNya kI mahimA, zubhayoga aura azubhayoga, puNya-pApa kI carcA, puNya-pApa meM aMtara, pApa kaba hotA hai?, pApa ke aThAraha bheda, pApa kA phala, puNya-pApa kA astitva, puNya-pApa kI kasauTI Adi viSayoM kA ina adhyAyoM meM vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| (5-6) Asrava tattva aura saMvara tattva : jisa ke yoga se karma jIva kI ora Ate haiM, use 'Asava' kahate haiN| mana-vacana evaM zarIra kI gatividhiyoM ke kAraNa karma-paramANuoM kA Agamana AtmA kI ora hotA hai| yahI Asrava hai Amrava ke kAraNa hI saMsAra hai| Asrava kA pramukha kAraNa mithyAtva hai| zarIra ko AtmA samajhanA, adharma ko dharma samajhanA, yaha mithyAtva hai| jo 'sva' (apanA) samajhanA yaha mithyAtva hai| yahI saMsAra-paribhramaNa karAnA hai| Asava kA nirodha karane vAle tattva ko 'saMvara' kahate haiN| Agnava aura baMdha ye saMsAra-cakra ke do gatimAna pahiye haiN| isa saMsAra cakra kA vidhvaMsa saMvara

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425 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva tattva se hotA hai| saMvara arthAt nirodh| saMvara mokSa mArga kI ora prasthAna karane kA prathama caraNa hai| saMvara kA mArga yahI jaina dharma kA prazasta mArga hai| jIvana-mRtyu se yathArtha svarUpa kA jise bodha ho gayA hai, vahI sAdhaka saMvara mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai| -saMvara kI sAdhanA apramatta AtmA ke dvArA hI saMbhava hotI hai| jo kaSAyoM kI pratikriyA ko rokatA hai, vahI saMvara hai| krodha Adi cAra kaSAya, pramAda aura mana, vacana, kAyA kI duSpravRttiyoM ko jo rokatA hai, vaha 'saMvara' hai|26 Asrava aura saMvara tattva kI kalpanA sirpha jaina dharma meM milatI hai| ina tatvoM kA abhyAsa karane para aisA lagatA hai ki yaha jaina dharma kA vaiziSTya hai| bauddha dharma meM bhI 'Asava' AtA hai phira bhI vaha jaina dharma meM prayukta 'Asrava' se bhinna hai| pApa aura puNya, pAnI ke strota ke samAna jIva meM pravAhita hote rahate haiN| isa vaijJAnika avadhAraNA para AdhArita yaha kalpanA dUsare kisI bhI darzana meM nahIM miltii| kucha acchI bAteM bhI dUsarI burI bAtoM se bigar3a sakatI haiM, isalie unakA nirodha Avazyaka hai| udAharaNArtha acche phala sar3a na jAe~ isalie havAbaMda (eara TAiTa) karake bheje jAte haiN| yahI bAta Asrava aura saMvara tattva ke saMbaMdha meM bhI lAgU ho jAtI hai| AmravarUpI havA saMvararUpI phala ko lagane na dene para hI saMvara rUpI phala sar3eMgeM nhiiN| dUsarA udAharaNa aisA kahA jA sakatA hai -kisI jahAja meM cheda ho gayA hai| usa cheda ko kaoNrka lagAyA to pAnI aMdara nahI A skegaa| paraMtu agara kaoNrka (bUca) hI nahIM lagAyA, to pAnI aMdara Akara pUrA jahAja DUva jaaegaa| yaha udAharaNa bhI Amnava aura saMvara tattva ko lAgU par3atA hai| AmravarUpI phUTe hue jahAja ko saMvara rUpI kaoNrka lagAne para hI karmarUpI pAnI aMdara nahIM A skegaa| isa prakAra AtmA meM Anava dvArA karma-praveza na ho isalie saMvara kA kaoNrka lagAnA caahie| Amnava tattva ke antargata Anava aura karma bhinnatA, Anava zabda kA artha, Asrava kI vibhinna vyAkhyAe~, Asrava aura saMvara kA svarUpa, Asrava aura saMvara ke bheda nirAzravI kaise baneM? AmravadvAra aura baMdhahetu, Asrava ke bheda, evaM paccIsa kriyAe~ aura saMvara tattva ke antargata saMvara kA svarUpa, saMvara ke bheda, samiti, gupti, dasa dharma, bAraha anuprekSA, bAIsa pariSaha jaya, dravyasaMvara aura bhAvasaMvara Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| anal

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426 jaina darzana ke nava tattva (7) nirjarA tattva : jIva ke sAtha pUrvabaddha karmoM ko kSaya karanA athavA aMzataH kSaya karanA 'nirjarA' hai| nirjarA kI avadhAraNA anya darzanoM meM nahIM miltii| yaha jaina darzana kI eka vizeSatA avadhAraNA hai 1 pratyeka karma apanI kAla maryAdA meM ucita phala dekara Atma-pra - pradezoM se alaga hotA hai / paraMtu 'savipAka nirjarA' se jIva kA kalyANa nahIM hotaa| kyoMki apanA svAbhAvika phala dekara naSTa hone vAle karma jIva meM isa prakAra ke vikAra utpanna karate haiM ki jisase navIna karmabaMdha hote hai aura jIva duHkhoM se mukta nahIM hotA / paraMtu dhArmika anuSThAna dvArA Asrava kA nirodha kara karmoM kA kSaya karane para 'avipAka nirjarA' hotI hai| usase jIva ko karma se chuTakArA milatA hai aura AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNa prakaTa hote hai| jaba nirjarA dvArA pUrvasaMcita sabhI karma naSTa ho jAte haiM, tabhI jIva ke anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta sukha aura anaMta vIrya nAmaka guNoM kA prakaTana hotA hai / yahI mokSa hai| yahI jIva ke dvArA paramAtma avasthA kI prApti hai 1 nirjarA tattva puruSArtha kA sUcaka hai| karmoM kA vinAza apane Apa hogA aisA mAnanevAloM ko mukti nahIM milegii| AtmA ke sAtha anAdi kAla se baddha karmoM kA nAza sahajatA se honA azakya hai, isalie pahale saMvara kA mArga aura bAda meM nirjarA kA mArga batAyA gayA 1 gItA meM 'jJAnAgni sarva karmANi bhasmasAt kurute / aisA kahA gayA hai 1 kucha logoM ko lagatA hai ki jJAnamArga alaga hai aura nirjarAmArga alaga hai| paraMtu donoM mArga eka hI haiN| tapa se citta kA zodhana aura zArIrika kriyAoM kA nirodha hone para jJAnajyoti prakaTa hotI hai / eka kriyA hai, to dUsarI upalabdhi hai / tapa kriyA hai to jJAna upalabdhi hai, isalie jJAnamaya mArga yahI nirjarA kA mArga hai 1 jisa prakAra chidra dvArA naukA meM praviSTa pAnI kucha yojA karake bAhara pheMka diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra Asrava dvArA AtmA meM praviSTa karma nirjarA dvArA bAhara pheMka die jAte haiN| unakA kSaya kiyA jAtA hai| nirjarA kI vyAkhyA, nirjarA kA svarUpa, nirjarA aura mokSa meM aMtara, mokSa - prApti ke do kAraNa aura nirjarA ke bAraha bheda Adi kA vistRta vivecana nirjarA tattva ke vivecana meM kiyA gayA hai| (8) baMdha tattva : jIva kaSAyayukta hokara karma rUpa meM pariNata hone ke yogya pudgala dravya kA grahaNa karatA hai, yahI 'baMdha' hai / mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye hI baMdha ke kAraNa haiM / karmayogya pudgaloM kA aura jIva kA agni aura lohapiNDa ke samAna paraspara anusyUta honA hI 'baMdha' hai /

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427 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva Asrava se AtmA kI ora Ae hue karma-paramANu Atma-pradeza ke sAtha nIra-kSIravat mila jAte haiM aura usase karma baMdha hotA hai| jisa prakAra kA karma hogA, usI prakAra kA baMdha hotA hai| purAne baMdha ke kAraNa nayA Asrava aura nae Asrava se punaH baMdha yaha paramparA calatI rahatI hai| baMdhe hue karma viziSTa kAla-maryAdA ke hote haiM aura ve apanA phala dekara naSTa hote haiN| usa dRSTi se karmacetanA aura karma phala cetanA kA varNana vizeSa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| upaniSadoM meM 'baMdha' tattva kI aspaSTa kalpanA hI milatI hai, paraMtu tAttvika dRSTi se usa para vicAra jaina darzana meM hI kiyA gayA hai| 'gItA' jaise tAttvika graMtha meM yaha avadhAraNA bAra-bAra dikhAI detI hai| isameM jaina tattvajJAna karaNabhUta rahA hogaa| ___'gItA' ke aThArahaveM adhyAya meM 'baMdha' yaha jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda bhI milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki pravRtti yAni kisI kriyA ko karanA aura nivRtti yAni kisI kriyA ko na krnaa| 'kArya' yAni kauna-sA kRtya karane yogya hai aura akArya arthAt kauna-sA kRtya karanA yogya nahIM hai, kisa bAta se DaranA aura kisase nahIM DaranA tathA baMdha aura mokSa kisameM hai, yaha jo buddhi jAnatI hai, vahI buddhi sAtvika hai|27 / isa prakAra 'gItA' meM bhI koM ke kAraNa baMdhana hotA hai, yaha avadhAraNA jaina darzana ke samAna spaSTa dikhAI detI hai| AtmA ke sAtha karma kA mila jAnA yaha dUdha aura pAnI ke mizraNa ke samAna hai| ise hI 'baMdha' kahate haiN| jaina tattvajJAna meM karma-siddhAMta kA yaha vaiziSTya hai| 'jaisI karanI, vaisI bharanI' yaha kahAvata jaina karma-siddhAMta para pUrNatayA lAgU hai| jaina tattvajJAna meM apanA karma hI sArI bAtoM ke lie jimmedAra hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ kartA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko sthAna nhii| pratyeka vyakti apanI mana-vacana-kAyA rUpI kRti se alaga-alaga karma bAMdha letA hai| sadAcaraNa se usa karma kI zakti aura sthiti meM kama-jyAdA kA aMtara par3atA hai| dhArmika AcaraNa, sadAcAra aura tapazcaraNa se karma naSTa ho sakate haiN| isIlie pratyeka vyakti ke lie uttama pravRtti karanA Avazyaka hai| isa karma siddhAMta meM vyakti apanA bhAgya banAne meM svataMtra hai, aura svayaM kie hue karma kA phala bhoge binA use koI cArA nahIM hai| karma ke udaya kAla meM jJAna-bhAvanA se Atma-svarUpa meM sthira rahA gayA, to nayA baMdha nahIM hotaa| saMsAra meM rahakara bhI nirlepa rahane kA mArga arthAta karma-phala ke udaya kAla meM apramAdI rahakara jJAna-bhAvanA se usa phala kI ora dekhanA yaha hai| karma ke phala jaba prApta hote hai, taba vyakti harSa-viSAda meM ramamANa hotA hai| kyA janma yA kyA mRtyu, kyA aizvarya yA kyA daridratA, karma ke hI phala

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428 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva haiM, yaha jAnakara jo unase nirlipta rahatA hai, vaha nayA karmabaMdha nahIM krtaa| isalie 'baMdha' tattva jAne binA satya sthiti dhyAna meM nahIM aatii| isIlie 'baMdha' tatva kA jJAna Avazyaka hotA hai| baMdha kA svarUpa, baMdha kI paramparA, bhinna-bhinna karmoM ke baMdha hetu ATha karma, baMdha aura jIva kI parAdhInatA, karmabaMdha prakriyA, karma-saMkramaNa, dravyabaMdha-bhAvabaMdha, baMdha ke cAra bheda, zubha aura azubha karma, karma kA svarUpa, karma kA baMdhana aura mokSa Adi kA vistRta varNana baMdha tattva kI carcA meM kiyA gayA hai| (E) mokSa tattva : pAzcAtya darzanoM se bhAratIya darzana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jahA~ bhAratIya darzanoM kA uddezya mokSa kA cintana hai, vahIM pAzcAtya darzanoM kA uddezya vizva kI vyAkhyA karanA hai| prasiddha dArzanika pleToM ke mata se darzana kI utpatti Azcarya ke kAraNa hotI hai| manuSya ko prakRti kI vividha ghaTanAe~ aura parivartana dekhakara Azcarya lagatA hai| manuSya usakA kAraNa DhUMDhane lagatA hai| yahIM se darzana kA prAraMbha hotA hai| 'darzana' kA aMgrejI paryAyavAcI zabda Philosophy hai| Philosophy arthAt jJAna ke prati prema - 'Love for Knowledge' isake viparIta bhAratIya darzana kI utpatti jo jIvana kA kaThora satya duHkha hai, usI se hotI hai| jIvana ke duHkhoM ko dUra karanA yahI bhAratIya darzana kA ekamAtra lakSya bhArata meM mokSa-cintana jitanA prAcIna hai, utanA hI manoraMjaka bhI hai| vastutaH mokSa-cintana bhAratIya jIvana darzana kA avibhAjya aMga hai| use jIvana ke anya aMgoM se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'mokSa' yaha jIvana kA aMta nahIM hai, varan usakA Atyantika vikAsa hai| 'mokSa' yaha jIvana kI zUnyAvasthA na hokara jIvana kI pUrNatA hai| jisameM vijAtIya tattva nikala jAne para pUrNatva hI zeSa rahatA hai| isIlie RSi-muniyoM ne kahA hai - vaha saccidAnaMdaghana parabrahma puruSottama saba prakAra se sadAsarvadA paripUrNa hai| yaha vizva bhI usI parabahma se pUrNa hai| kyoMki yaha pUrNatA usa pUrNa puruSottama se hI utpanna huI hai| isa prakAra parabrahma kI pUrNatA se jagat bhI pUrNa hai| isalie yaha bhI pUrNa hai aura vaha bhI pUrNa hai| usa pUrNa brahma se pUrNa ke nikala jAne para bhI vaha pUrNa hI rahatA hai| 'mokSa' yaha bhAratIya darzana kA ekameva kendrabindu hai| 'mokSa' yaha zabda 'muc' dhAtu se banA huA hai| usakA artha 'svataMtra honA', 'chuTakArA prApta karanA' aisA hotA hai| cArvAka darzana ke apavAda ko chor3akara saba darzanoM ne mokSa kA artha janma aura mRtyu ke cakra se arthAt saba sAMsArika duHkhoM se chuTakArA prApta karanA hai| upaniSadoM meM RSiyoM ne kahA hai punaH punaH janma prApta karanA yahI saba duHkhoM

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429 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva kA kAraNa hai| janma aura mRtyu kI paramparA kA AtyaMtika abhAva honA yahI sArI sAdhanAoM kA lakSya hai| yahI mokSa hai| upaniSadoM meM maitreyI bhautika saMpatti se asaMtoSa prakaTa karake sIdhA prazna pUchatI hai - "jisake yoga se mujhe amaratva prApta nahIM hogA aisI saMpatti lekara maiM kyA karU?" yaha vidhAna upaniSadoM ke RSiyoM kI adhyAtma bhAvanA ko vyakta karatA hai| upaniSadoM ke RSi mokSa ke alAvA kisI bhI vastu se saMtuSTa honA nahIM caahte| ___ Astika darzana ke samakSa aisA prazna upasthita huA hai ki kyA 'yaha AtmA ko kabhI isa prakAra kI avasthA prApta hogI ki jisase punarjanma yA janmAMtara naSTa hogA? isa prazna ke uttara meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki, mokSa, mukti yA nirvANa yaha aisI sthiti hai ki jahA~ pahu~cane para AtmA kA punarjanma naSTa ho jAtA hai| usakA pariNAma yaha huA ki AtmA ke carama amaratva meM AsthA rakhanevAle yA vizvAsa rakhane vAle Atmika darzanoM ne mokSa kI sthiti eka mata se mAna lI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kA mokSa tattva : nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana mAnate haiM ki jIvAtmA ke buddhi, sukha-duHkha Adi guNa anitya haiM aura unake kAraNa jIvAtmA bhI vikArI hai| jIvAtmA kUTastha nahIM hai| zuddha AtmA kA svarUpa jar3a ke samAna hai| unake matAnusAra mokSa yaha AtmA kI acetana avasthA hai| kyoMki caitanya AtmA eka AgaMtuka dharma hai, svarUpa lakSaNa nhiiN| jaba AtmA kA zarIra aura mana ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai, taba caitanya guNa kA udgama hotA hai mokSa kI avasthA meM AtmA kA zarIra evaM mana se viyoga hone para caitanya guNa kA bhI abhAva hotA hai| mokSa kI prApti tattvajJAna ke kAraNa hotI hai| yaha duHkha ke AtyaMtika uccheda kI avasthA hai| vedAnta darzana kA 'mokSa' tattva : vedAnta darzana mokSa ko jIvatmA aura brahma ke ekAtmabhAva kI upalabdhi mAnatA hai| kyoMki paramArthataH AtmA brahma hI hai| vaha vizuddhataH sat-cit-Ananda svarUpa hai| baMdhana mithyA hai| avidyA arthAt mAyA yahI baMdhana yA saMsAra hai, aisA ve mAnate haiN| AtmA ajJAna ke kAraNa zarIra, indriyA~, mana, buddhi aura aMhakAra inameM pha~sA hai| yahI mithyA tAdatmya baMdhana hai| ajJAnI vyakti baMdhana ko prApta hotA hai aura jJAna se isa baMdhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| 'mokSa' yaha AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA hai| vedAnta ke matAnusAra yaha caitanya rahita avasthA nahIM hai, paraMtu sat-cit-AnaMda kI avasthA hai| yaha jIvAtmA ke dvArA brahma bhAva kI prApti haiN| .

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430 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sAMkhya aura yoga darzana meM 'mokSa' tattva : ___'sAMkhya' darzana mokSa ko prakRti aura puruSa kA viveka mAnatA hai| prakRti aura puruSa ina meM bheda jJAna hone para zuddha caitanya svarUpa meM sthira honA yahI isa darzana kI dRSTi se 'mokSa' hai| puruSa nitya-mukta hai| apane ajJAna ke kAraNa vaha prakRti aura usake vikAroM ko apanA mAnatA hai| zarIra, indriyA~, mana, buddhi aura aMhakAra ye sAre prakRti ke vikAra haiM, paraMtu aviveka se puruSa inheM apanA samajhatA hai| 'mokSa' yaha puruSa kI svAbhAvika avasthA kI prApti haiN| yoga darzana AtmA kI kaivalya dazA ko mokSa mAnatA hai| 'kaivalya' yaha AtmA kI, prakRti ke jAla se chUTane kI, eka vizeSa avasthA hai| jaba tapa aura saMyama ke kAraNa mana se saba karmasaMskAra nikala jAte haiM, taba AtmA ko isa avasthA kI prApti hotI hai| mImAMsA darzana meM 'mokSa' tattva : ___mImAMsA darzana meM bhI mokSa ko AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA kI prApti kahA hai| sukha aura duHkha kA pUrNataH vinAza hI mokSa hai, aisA ve mAnate haiN| apanI svAbhAvika avasthA meM AtmA acetana hotA hai| 'mokSa' yaha duHkha ke AtyaMtika abhAva kI avasthA hai| usameM anaMta kI anubhUti bhI nahIM rahatI, aisA ve mAnate haiN| AtmA svabhAvataH sukha aura duHkha se alaga hai| mokSa avasthA meM jJAnazakti to rahatI hai, paraMtu jJAna nahIM rahatA, aisA unakA kathana hai| cArvAka darzana meM 'mokSa' tattva : cArvAka darzana kI dRSTi se mRtyu, apavarga athavA mokSa inakA astitva hI nahIM hai| mokSa kA siddhAMta saba bhAratIya darzanoM ko svIkArya hai paraMtu cArvAka bhautikavAdI hone se ise nahIM mAnate hai| kyoki ve AtmA ko zarIra se alaga hI nahIM mAnate hai| ataH unakI dRSTi se AtmA ke baMdhana kI koI samasyAe~ hI nahIM hai| cArvAka kI dRSTi se isa manuSya janma meM pRthvI tala para sukha bhoganA yahI asalI mokSa hai| 'deha yahI AtmA hai| deha kA vinAza hI mokSa hai'| dehacchedo mokSaH / yahI cArvAka kI mokSa kI kalpanA hai| jJAna Adi se mukti prApta nahIM hotI hai| unakI dRSTi se vartamAna jIvana yahI saba kucha hai| paraloka aura janmAntara kucha bhI nahIM haiN| khAnA, pInA aura mauja karanA, yahI jIvana kA sAra hai, cArvAka darzana kA mUla maMtavya hai "yAvajjIveta sukhaM jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet| bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH||" bhArata meM yaha vicAra cArvAka (cAru-vAk) darzana ke nAma se prasiddha huA hai| pAzcAtya duniyA kI vicAradhArA bhI isI prakAra kI hai vaha bhI "Eat, drink

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431 jaina darzana ke nava tattva and be merry isa siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karatI hai| anya dArzanikoM ne janmAntara mAnA hai isalie unhoMne dharma aura mokSa ko bhI puruSArtha mAnA hai 1 artha aura kAma janya sukha bhautika sukha haiM aura ve kSaNabhaMgura haiN| isake viparIta dharma dvArA prApta mokSa kA sukha akSaya aura ananta hai / Izvara ke samAna hI jIva ke saMbaMdha meM bhI dArzanikoM meM vAda-vivAda hai / sarvaprathama cArvAka darzana kA kathana yaha hai ki 'zarIra hI AtmA hai vahI kartA aura bhoktA hai| cAra mahAbhUtoM ke ekatrita hone se caitanya kA nirmANa hotA hai | cetanA se bana utpanna hotA hai, deha to jar3a rUpa meM hI hai / kucha cArvAka vicAraka indriya ko, kucha prANa ko, to kucha mana ko hI AtmA mAnate haiN| svataMtra rUpa se unake vicAra kahIM bhI nahIM milte| cArvAka darzana zarIra ke aMta ko hI mokSa mAnatA hai / usa darzana meM mokSa apanA saba mahattva ga~vA baiThatA hai, aise mokSa ko mokSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / " bauddha darzana meM 'mokSa' tattva : bauddha darzana ke anusAra bhava paraMparA kA viccheda honA mokSa hai / saMsAra ko duHkhamaya, kSaNika aura zUnya samajhanA mokSa kA sAdhana hai / bauddha darzana ke anusAra jIvAtmA vijJAnasvarUpa hai, vijJAna prati kSaNa badalatA rahatA hai, isalie AtmA anitya hai / bauddha darzana meM mokSa ko 'nirvANa' kahA hai| nirvANa arthAt dIpaka ke samAna bujha jaanaa| rAga-dveSa evaM kleza kA vinAza hI nirvANa hai, aisA ve mAnate haiM / I kucha bauddha loga rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina pA~ca skaMdhoM ke inarodha ko nirvANa kahate hai / ve duHkha ke Atyantika vinAza ko nirvANa mAnate haiM, phira bhI ve AtmA kA AtyaMtika vinAza nahIM maante| ve 'nirvANa' ko vizuddha AnaMda hI mAnate haiM / 32 isa prakAra mokSa kI prApti aura mokSa ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM saba vicAraka bhinna bhinna mata rakhate haiM phira bhI sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne mokSa ko svIkAra kiyA hai| mokSa kI prApti sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA lakSya hai / jaina darzana meM 'mokSa' tattva tathA anya darzanoM se jaina darzana kA vaiziSTaya : karma - baMdhana se sarvathA chuTakArA prApta karanA, janma-maraNarUpI cakra kI gati ko roka denA aura paramAnaMda kI avasthA prApta karanA yahI 'mokSa' hai I " kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH / " saba karma-maloM se rahita AtmA hI mukta AtmA hai, aisA umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra ke dasaveM adhyAya meM kahA hai 1

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432 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva mukti kA mArga saMvara aura nirjarA ina do sAdhanoM se prazasta hotA hai| mukta hone para jIva lokAgra bhAga para sthita hotA hai| use "siddha-zilA" kahate haiN| jIva ko mukti prApta karane ke lie hI navatattvoM kA svarUpa jAnanA Avazyaka hai jaina darzana meM mokSa kA viziSTa sthAna hai| jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA 'mokSa' yA mukti ko mAtra jJAna se prApta nahIM kara sakatA, paraMtu kramazaH svayaM kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara pUrNatva prApta karatA hai| vyakti kA cAritrika vikAsa athavA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kramazaH hotA hai| upaniSadoM meM bhI kramika AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA ullekha milatA hai| bauddha darzana meM bhI aisA ullekha hai| paraMtu jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA varNana atyaMta sUkSmatA se kiyA gayA hai| aisI hI kalpanA bAda meM bhagavadgItA meM bhI AI Atma-vikAsa kI kramika avasthAoM meM mithyAtva evaM kaSAya hI sacamuca avarodha hai aura usI se AtmA karma se baMdhA huA hai| jaise jaise karmoM kA AvaraNa kama hotA jAtA haiM, vaise vaise AtmA apane Atmika guNoM se yukta hotA jAtA hai aura use satya aura asatya kI pahacAna ho jAtI hai| ATa kamoM meM se cAra kamoM ko (jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ) naSTa karake AtmA sarvajJa banatA hai| isa avasthA ko arihanta avasthA kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM jIva athavA AtmA anya jijJAsu jIvoM kA AdhyAtmika mArgadarzana karatA hai| vaha saMpUrNa vizva ke vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSya ko eka hI samaya meM jAnatA hai| isa avasthA ko pAtaMjala yoga-darzana meM sarvajJatva kI avasthA kahA gayA hai| sarvajJa avasthA athavA arihanta avasthA hone para hI AtmA ko siddhAvasthA kI prApti hotI hai| isa avasthA meM vaha zeSa cAra karma (vedanIya, AyuSya, nAma aura gotra) naSTa karatA hai| aisI avasthA meM AtmA kI zvAsocchvAsa Adi sUkSma kriyAe~ bhI ruka jAtI haiM aura AtmA deha tyAga kara mokSa prApta kara letA hai| mokSa meM AtmA kA svataMtra astitva hotA hai| pratyeka mukta AtmA kI apanI alaga-alaga sattA rahatI hai| mukta AtmA janma-maraNa ke cakra se chUTa jAtA hai| vaidika darzana AtmA se bhinna Izvara kI sattA para vizvAsa rakhatA hai, paraMtu jaina darzana vaisA nahIM mAnatA hai| kyoMki jaina darzana meM AtmA hI paramAtmA banatA hai| ajJAna yA mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI jIva apanI AtmA ke paramAtma svarUpa ko pahacAna nahIM pAtA hai aura apanI Izvaratulya zakti se anabhijJa rahatA

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433 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva hai| samyagjJAna kI prApti ke bAda hI jIva ko AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai aura vaha mokSa prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra sAdhaka kramazaH Atmika zakti kA vikAsa karatA hai| yoga sAdhanA kI vibhinna paraMparAoM meM mukti ke lie vibhinna mAgoM kA avalaMbana liyA jAtA hai| koI jJAnayoga ko pramukha sthAna dete haiM, to koI kriyAyoga ko yA bhaktiyoga ko pramukha sthAna dete haiN| gItA meM alaga-alaga prakAra ke yoga mAgoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vedAnta darzana jJAna-yoga ko jyAdA mahattva detA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM jJAna ke sAtha hI kriyA kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| paraMtu jaina darzana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM kriyAyoga, jJAnayoga aura bhaktiyoga ina tInoM yogoM kA samanvaya huA hai| bhAratIya tattvajJAna mUlyAtmaka hai| cAhe jisa prakAra kA satyAnveSaNa vaha nahIM karatA, varana jisase mAnava ko paripUrNatA prApta ho, usakA kalyANa ho, aisA satyAnveSaNa vaha karatA hai| nIra-kSIra-viveka kara sakane vAle haMsa ke samAna bhAratIya tattvajJAna hai| kaThopaniSada ke anusAra vaha 'preya' kI apekSA 'zreya' ko adhika pasaMda karatA hai| vaha aparA vidyA kI apekSA parA vidyA ko dhyeya mAnatA hai| bhAratIya tattvajJAna nityAnitya viveka kA prayatna karatA hai| isa prakAra usakI yAtrA asat se sat, sAnta se ananta, alpa se pUrNa tathA deha se Atman kI ora hai| usakI vicArasaraNI meM kevala sattAzAstra kI apekSA jIvana viSayaka prajJA ko AtmasAta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya darzana eka AdhyAtmika darzana hai| isane hamezA hI AtmA kA mahatva mAnA hai| pratyeka mAnava kA lakSya apane Atma svarUpa ko pahacAnanA hai, kyoMki pratyeka darzana kA dhyeya bhI svasvarUpa kI pahacAna karAnA hI hai| sAMkhya- yoga, nyAya-vaizeSika aura vedAnta darzana AtmA ko anAdi, anaMta, avikArI, nitya aura niSkriya yA kUTasthanitya mAnate haiM, use parivartanIya nahIM mAnate haiN| kintu jaina dharma zurU se mokSavAdI hai vaha pariNAmI AtmavAda kA samarthaka hai| AtmA jaba rAga-dveSa ko dUra karatA hai, tabhI vizuddha banakara mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| jIva aura karma kA alaga-alaga lakSaNa samajhakara prajJArUpI chainI se unheM alaga-alaga karanA cAhiye, tabhI baMdhana se chuTTArA hotA hai| baMdhana ko naSTa kara Atma-svarUpa meM sthira honA caahie| "maiM caitanyasvarUpa hU~", "maiM dRSTA hU~", "maiM jJAtA hU~"; maiM jo kucha hU~ vaha apane hI kAraNa huuN| mujhameM hI naraka hai aura svarga hai| vizuddha AtmasvarUpa ko prakaTa kara maiM mokSaprApti kara sakatA huuN| isa prakAra kA viziSTa vivecana jaina' darzana meM hai|

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434 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva mukta avasthA yaha karma aura kAmanA se pUrNataH mukta aura parama nizciMtatA kI dazA hai| yaha pUrNatA kI avasthA hai| yaha eka aisA vizrAma hai ki jisameM koI bhI vikAra nahIM aura jisakA kahIM bhI anta nhiiN| rAgahIna, pUrNa zAnti kI dazA, vItarAgatA kI dazA hI mokSa hai| yahA~ bhUtakAlIna karma kI zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai| bhaviSya meM koI bhI karma nahIM jur3atA hai| vartamAna kAla meM hI karmarahita avasthA hotI hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA deha meM vidyamAna rahatA hai, phira bhI punaH zarIra dhAraNa nahIM karanA pdd'taa| usameM asIma cetanA, parama-svAtaMtrya aura anaMta jJAna Adi guNa vidyamAna hote haiN| mokSa meM AtmA anaMta sukha meM rahatA hai| usa sukha ko koI bhI upamA dI nahIM jA sktii| saMkSepa meM kahA jAe to indriya vijaya, AtmasaMyama aura manonigraha se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai, yahI jaina darzana kI vizeSatA hai| jisa prakAra nadiyA~ yadi alaga-alaga sthAnoM se nikala kara bahatI haiM, phira meM unakA lakSya samudra se milanA yahI hotA hai, usI prakAra saba darzanoM meM mokSa kA svarUpa evaM mokSamArga yadyapi alaga-alaga hai phira bhI unakA lakSya eka hI hai aura vaha hai mokSa kI prApti krnaa|35 mokSa tattva meM paMdraha prakAra ke siddha, mokSa kA kartA, karmakSaya kA krama, mukta AtmAoM ke vibhinna nAma, ghAtI karma aura aghAtI karma, mukta jIva kA kArya, siddha kA sthAna aura svarUpa, mokSa mArga, samyaktva kA svarUpa aura usake ATha aMga, samyagjJAna ke bheda Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM nirdiSTa uparokta navatattvoM para jinakI avicala zraddhA hotI hai, unheM samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kI prApti hone para samyak cAritra bhI prApta hotA hai aura jisa bhavya jIva ko yaha ratnatraya prApta hotA hai vaha bhavya jIva samyak cAritra kI pUrNatA se mokSa prApta karatA hai|36 jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ko jAnanA aura mAnanA ise hI samyagjJAna tathA samyagdarzana aisA kahA hai| paraMtu yaha yathArtha rUpa se inheM kaise jAnA jAye yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhakara kramazaH nau adhyAyoM meM inakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMsAra yaha eka raMgabhUmi hai aura jJAna vahA~ darzaka ke svarUpa meM upasthita khar3A hai| sabase pahale jIva aura ajIva milakara isa raMgabhUmi para praveza karate haiM aura isa prakAra nATya karate haiM mAno ve donoM eka hI haiN| jJAna unake lakSaNoM ko jAnakara unheM pahacAnatA hai, aura nizcita rUpa se yaha samajhatA hai ki ye eka hI na hokara alaga-alaga haiN| taba ye donoM hI alaga-alaga hokara raMgabhUmi para se nikala jAte haiN|

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435 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva aba jIva ke sAtha karma kabhI puNya kA to kabhI pApa kA veza dhAraNa kara dvipAtrI bhUmikA lekara raMgabhUmi para Akara nAcane lagatA hai| jJAna ise bhI pahacAnatA hai ki ye donoM rUpa bhI eka hI cANDAla ke haiN| eka svayaM cANDAla ke veza meM aura dUsarA brAhmaNa ke veza meM AyA hai| jJAna ne hameM pahacAna liyA hai yaha jAnakara karma bhI dvirUpatA ko chor3akara apanA vAstavika rUpa dhAraNa kara raMgabhUmi para se nikala jAtA hai| karma ke jAte hI raMgabhUmi para Asrava kA praveza hotA hai| jJAna kI najara se Asrava kA nakalI svarUpa bhI baca nahIM pAtA hai| jJAna nizcita rUpa se yaha samajhatA hai ki Asrava kA saMbaMdha ajJAna se hai, mujhase to hai hI nhiiN| hama yahA~ raha nahIM sakegeM yaha jAnakara Asrava bhI nikala jAtA hai| ___Anava nikala gayA hai yaha dekhakara saMvara praveza karatA hai| Asrava kA virodhI saMvara hai| vaha jIva ke sAtha hI apanA ekatva prasthApita karanA cAhatA hai| taba jJAna saMvara ke guNoM ko jAnakara bhI vicAra karatA hai ki agara AtmA kamoM kA kartA hI nahIM hai, to usake nirodha kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| agara AtmA nirodhaka hI nahIM, to saMvara ke sAtha AtmA kA ekatva kaise ho sakegA? isalie AtmA kA agara koI saMvara bhAva hogA, to vaha Asava ke kAraNa hI hogaa| jaba taka yathArtha jJAna nahIM hogA, taba taka bhedavijJAna kI upAsanA karanI caahie| isa prakAra jJAna ke dvArA vizleSaNa karane para saMvara bhI raMgabhUmi se nikala jAtA hai| saMvara ke bAda nirjarA kA Agamana hotA hai| taba jJAna yaha jAnatA hai ki AtmA meM vairAgya honA yahI ekamAtra nirjarA hai| vairAgya ke kAraNa (virakti) cetana-acetana kA upabhoga karake bhI jJAnI ko navIna karmabaMdha nahIM hotA aura pUrvabaddha karma kI nirjarA hotI hai| isa vairAgya bhAva ke alAvA dUsarI koI bhI nirjarA nahIM hai| isa prakAra nirjarA kA svarUpa jAna lene para nirjarA bhI raMgabhUmi para se nikala jAtI hai| aba raMgabhUmi para baMdha kA Agamana hokara usakA nRtya zurU hotA hai aura vaha AtmA ke sAtha abheda sthApana karanA cAhatA hai| taba jJAna samajhatA hai ki karma paradravya hai isalie AtmA ke sAtha usakA baMdha honA ucita nahIM hai| agara koI baMdha ho sakatA ho to vaha AtmA kI rAga buddhi ke kAraNa hI hai| vizuddha AtmA kA aura karma kA saMbaMdha kabhI hotA nahIM, arthAt usakA baMdha ho hI nahIM sktaa| isa prakAra jJAna dvArA jAnA jAne para baMdha vahA~ se nikala jAtA hai| Akhira mokSa raMgabhUmi para praveza karatA hai| baMdha kA virodhI mokSa haiN| sAre baMdhana naSTa hone para mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| AtmA jisa ajJAnamaya bhAva se baMdha

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436 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva gayA thA, vaha prajJA dvArA una sAre ajJAnoM ko dUra kara zuddha AtmA ko grahaNa karatA hai, yahI mokSa hai| karma paradravya hai| zuddhAtmA karma se baddha hI nahIM hai, to chUTane kA prazna hI zeSa nahIM rhtaa| isalie mokSa bhI vahA~ se nivRtta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra navatattva apanI-apanI bhUmikA nibhA kara nikala jAte haiN| Akhira jo koI zeSa rahatA hai, vaha zuddha AtmA hai| jIva kI vizuddhatA ko prakaTa karane ke lie raMgabhUni para vizuddha jJAna hI sirpha rahatA hai| katA, karma Adi upAdhiyoM se pare tathA baMdha-mokSa ke saMbaMdha se bhI pare yaha AtmA sarvavizuddha jJAnapuMja kahA gayA hai|37 yadyapi navatattvoM ke isa vivecana meM pAThakoM ko kahIM kahIM punarAvRtti dikhAI degI, phira bhI adhika spaSTIkaraNa ke lie yaha anivArya aura Avazyaka hI hai| navatatvoM ke isa vivecana se jijJAsu ko apUrvatA, sAdhaka ko mArgadarzana, mumukSu ko samyagjJAna, virAgI ko dRr3hatA milegI, yahI apekSA hai| nava tattvoM ke isa vivecana se aisA dikhAI degA ki jaina darzana meM ina navatatvoM dvArA mAnavI jIvana kI sArI pramukha bAtoM kI ora sUkSmatA se dhyAna diyA gayA hai| navatatvoM meM se puNya-pApa, Asrava aura baMdha ye tattva manuSya ko saMsAra-paribhramaNa karAnevAle haiN| saMvara, nirjarA ye tattva mokSa taka le jAne vAle haiM, yaha bhI isa adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| navatattvoM ke isa vivecana kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki sukhAsakta sAMsArika jIvana aura vairAgyapUrNa pAramArthika jIvana- ye donoM paraspara virodhI bAteM haiN| inameM se eka ko sAdhane kI koziza kI to dUsare kI hAni hotI hai aura sAmAnya manuSya ko ye donoM bhI sAdhane kI icchA hotI hai, paraMtu aisA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| ina donoM ko sAdhya banAne ke lie eka madhya-biMdu nikAlane kI koziza bhI isa vivecana meM kI gaI hai| ___'gItA' meM bhagavAna zrIkRSNa ne niSkAma karmayoga ke mAdhyama se yaha prayatna kiyA hai| paraMtu bhagavAna mahAvIra atyaMta vyavahAravAdI the, unhoMne isa bAre meM sUkSma vicAra kiyaa| mAnava ko saMsAra aura vairAgya-inakA svarNima madhya sAdhane ke lie prathamataH apanI sAMsArika jimmedArI ko pUrNa kara aura suyogya manuSya ko unakA bhAra sauMpakara saMnyAsa mArga kI ora mur3anA cAhie, kyoMki saMnyAsa grahaNa kie binA mokSa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| saMnyAsa dhAraNa kie binA mokSa kI prApti kvacita hI hotI hai, yathA 'kummaaputr'| nahIM hotI aisA to nahIM haiM, paraMtu aisI bAteM apavAda rUpa hI haiN| aisA karane se sAMsArika sukha aura AdhyAtmika kalyANa ye donoM bAteM acchI taraha se prApta hotI hai| yaha bAta bhI ina navatattvoM ke AdhAra se sUkSma rIti se spaSTa kI gaI hai|

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437 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva isake sAtha hI Ayurveda aura jaina tattva jJAna inakA bhI yogya rIti se samanvaya huA hai| jisa prakAra Ayurvedika auSadhi vyAdhigrasta jIva ko sukhI karatI hai, usI prakAra yaha navatattva rUpa yaha auSadhi sAMsArika duHkha se grasta hue jIva ko mokSarUpI Arogya prApta karA detI hai, aisA bhI varNana milatA hai| jaina tattvoM kA mukhya siddhAMta syAdavAda yA anekAntavAda hai| syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda arthAt kisI bhI nirNaya ko ekAMta satya nahIM mAnanA, kyoMki mAnavI buddhi parimita hI hai isalie eka hI mata saba jagaha, sarvakAla meM satya nahIM hotA, yaha bAta aba karIba-karIba sarvamAnya huI hai| pUrva ke vaijJAnikoM ke niSkarSa abhI ke vaijJAnika mAnate hI hoM, aisA nahIM hai| isalie anekAntavAda sahI sAbita hotA anekAntavAda se matabheda kama hone meM sahAyatA milatI hai| bhArata ke aneka dharma sAmaMjasya se raha sakate haiN| anekAntavAda donoM kA hI kahanA AMzika rUpa se sahI hai aisA samanvaya sAdhakara jhagar3ane ke bajAya Atmika unnati kI ora adhika dhyAna keMdrita kIjie, aisA sikhAtA hai aura yahI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMdeza hai| mAnava-mAnava ke bIca matabheda adhika na hokara, kama hone caahie| saMpUrNa mAnavajAti kA kalyANa ho aura sabhI mokSaprApta karake janma-maraNa ke cakra se chuTakArA pAyeM, yahI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dhyeya thaa| isIlie aneka duHkha aura pariSaha sahana kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAnavamAtra ko sukhI karane ke lie prayatna kiyaa| isIlie Aja 2500 varSoM ke bAda bhI jaina vidvAna, sAdhu aura sAdhvI apane pratyakSa AcaraNa se mAnavamAtra ko sukhI karane ke prayatna kara rahe haiN| vicAroM meM anekAntavAda, vANI meM syAdvAda aura AcAra meM ahiMsA jaina-darzana kI yahI vizeSatA hai| vaha pratyeka vyakti ko zuddha vicAra, samyak AcAra aura udAtta saMskAra ke zAzvata jIvanamUlyoM kA rahasya ina nava tattvoM ke mAdhyama se dikhAtA hai| ___ bhAratIya saMskRti meM sahiSNutA aura kSamA ye do zreSTa guNa haiM aura ina do gaNoM ke kAraNa hI bhAratIya saMskRti vizva meM zreSTha samajhI jAtI hai| isakA zreya jaina darzana ko dene meM koI atizyokti nahIM hogii| jJAnayukta zraddhA, paradharmasahiSNutA, prANI mAtra ke prati kSamA aura sarvatra samabhAva- yaha catuHsUtrI vartamAna yuga meM mAnava kA kalyANa kara sakatI hai| ina saba bAtoM se jaina dharma vizvadharma hai yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai|

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438 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva sandarbha saMketa- u.ni. = uparinirdiSTa 1. ka) saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI-bhAratIya saMskRti koza-khaMDa 3, pR. 616-620 kha) devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 78 2. saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI-bhAratIya saMskRti koza-khaMDa 3, pR. 620. 3. devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 61-65.. 4. ka) saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI - bhAratIya saMskRti koza - khaMDa 3, (gAhaDavAla te taMtrazAstra, 620 pR.) kha) saM. devIdAsa dattAtreya vADekara - marATI tattvajJAna-mahAkoza - prathama khaMDa, pR. 366. 5. ka) saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI - bhAratIya saMskRti koza - khaMDa 3, (gAhaDavAla taMtrazAstra, pR. 620). kha) devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 10-11. 6. saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI - bhAratIya saMskRti koza - khaMDa 3, (gAhaDavAla, taMtrazAstra)-pR. 620. mAdhavAcArya-sarvadarzanasaMgraha-(bhASyakAra-pro. umAzaMkara zarmA 'RSi')-pR. 6. dehacchedo mokSaH / dehAtmavAde ca sthUlo'haM, kRzo'haM, kRSNo'ham' ityAdI sAmAnAdhikaraNyopapatiH / devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 506-507. saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI - bhAratIya saMskRti koza - khaMDa 3, (gAhaDavAla, taMtrazAstra)-pR. 383-85. ka) caitanyaviziSTaH kAyaH puruSaH / kha) paralokAyAcI jIvaH pratyakSeNa nAnubhUyate / paralokino'bhAvAt paralokAbhAvaH / / / 10. ka) anu. bhikSu jagadIzakAzyapa - milindaprazna - pR. 110 kha) Ara. DI. vADekara - milindapa...ho -pR. 86-60 (vimaticchedanapa....ho - 3-04) rAjA Aha - bhante nAgasena, vi...aNaMti vA ................. tena hi mahArAja bhUtasmiM jIvonUphlabhatIti / / 11. saMgamalAla pANDeya - bhAratIya darzana kI kahAnI - pR. 140. 12. anu. paM. munizrI sobhAgyamalajI ma. - AcArAMgasUtra (prathama zrutaskaMdha), a. 3, u. 4, pR. 267 8.

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439 13. 14. gItA presa, gorakhapura - bRhadAraNyakopaniSad - 2 / 4 / 6 zrI bA. varNekara - bhAratIya dharma va tattvajJAna pR. 178. 15. devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 87 - 61. 16. saM. paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI - bhAratIya saMskRti koza khaMDa 3, ( gAhaDavAla, taMtrazAstra) - pR. 620. 17. devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 60 - 108. mahAsatI ujjavalakumArIjI - gAMdhIujjavalavArtAlApa (saM. ratnakumAra jaina ratneza), pR. 1-26. 18. 16. dazavaikAlikasUtra - a. 6, gA. 11. 20. mahAsatIjI ujjvalakumArIjI ujjvala pravacana pR. 4-5 21. ka) gaNezamuni zAstrI - ahiMsA kI bolatI mInAreM kha) upAdhyAya amaramuni - ahiMsA tattvadarzana 22. saM. zrIcanda surAnA 'sarasa' - AcArya pravara zrI AnandaRSi abhinandanagraMtha pR. 233 pR. 3 23. munizrI mahendrakumArajI 'dvitIya' - vizva prahelikA (sUMparNa) 24. zrI. bhA. varNekara - bhAratIya dharma va tattvajJAna pR. 106, 114. 27. ka) zrImadbhagavadgItA jaina darzana ke nava tattva - pR. 112 26. DaoN. azoka kumAra lADa tulanAtmaka adhyayana 25. zrImadbhagavadgItA - a. 6, zlo. 28. zubhAzubhaphalairevaM mokSyase karmavandhanaiH / saMnyAsayogayuktAtmA vimukto mAmupaiSyasi / / 28 / / 26. bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha sanmati jJAnaprasAraka maMDala, solApura - - - - - a. 18, zlo 30. pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kAryAkArye bhayAbhaye / bandhaM mokSaM ca yA veti buddhiH sA pArtha sAttvikI ||30|| kha) u. ni. gItA a. 2, zlo 36. pR. - eSA te'bhihitA sAMkhye buddhiryogetvimAM zRNu / buddhayA yukto yayA pArtha karmabandhaM prahAsyasi / / 36 / / 28. ka) saM. pro. devIdAsa dattAtreya vADekara - marAThI tattvajJAna pR. 15 pR. 176 180 ( prathama khaMDa ) - pR. 430 kha) bhagavAna mahAvIra smRtigraMtha - sanmati jJAna prasAraka maMDala, solApura - - mahAkoza bhAratIya darzanoM meM mokSa ciMtana : eka 1

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440 jaina-darzana ke nava tattva 30. vyAkhyAkAra - harikRSNadAsa goyandakA - IzAdi no upaniSada (IzAvAsyopaniSad) pR. 25. pUrNamadaH pUrNamidaM pUrNAt pUrNamudacyate / pUrNasya pUrNamAdAya pUrNamevAvaziSyate ka) mAdhavAcArya - sarvadarzanasaMgraha - (bhASyakAra - pro. umAzaMkara zarmA _ 'RSi') pR. 10 dehasya nAzo muktistu na jJAnAnmu/itariSyate / / kha) u. ni. pR. 22-23 na svargo nApavoM vA naivAtmA pAralaukikaH / naiva varNAzramAdInAM kriyAzca phaladAyikAH / / 12 / / agnihotraM trayo vedAstridaNDaM bhasmaguNThanam / buddhipaurUSahInAnAM jIvikA dhAtunirmitA / / 130 / / pazuzcephinahataH svarga jyotiSTame gamiSyati / / svapitA yajamAnena tatra kasmAnna hiMsyate ? / / 14 / / mRtAnAmapi jantUnAM zrAddhaM ca tRptikAraNam / nirvANasya pradIpasya snehaH saMvardhayecchikhAm / / 15 / / 32. saM. zrIcaMda surAnA 'sarasa' - AcAryapravara zrI AnaMdaRSi abhinaMdana graMtha (zrIvijayamuni zAstrI - bhAratIya darzana ke sAmAnya siddhAnta) - pR. 236-238. zrImadbhagavadgItA - a. 2, zlo. 40 nehAbhikramanAzo'sti pratyavAyo na vidyate / svalpayasya dharmasya trAyate mahato bhayAt / / 40 / / 34. ....devendramuni zAstrI - jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa - pR. 62 zrImadbhagavadgItA - a. 11, zlo. 28 yathA nadInAM bahavo'bhyuvegAH samudramevAbhimukhA dravanti / haribhadrasUri - Sar3adarzanasamuccaya - zlo. 53-54, pR. 309 aitAni nava tattvAni yaH zraddhatte sthirAzayaH / / samyaktvajJAnayogena tasya cAritrayogyatA / / 53 / / tathAbhavyatvapAkena yasyetatritayaM bhavet / samyagjJAkriyAyogAjjAyate mokSabhAjanam / / 54 / / 37. DaoN. lAlabahAdura zAstrI - AcArya kundakunda aura unakA samayasAra, pR. 277-278. For Private & Personal use only

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naraka deva manuSya tiryaMca jIva kI cAra gatiyAM

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alokAkAza adharma (sthiti) AkAza lokAkAza dlok o bellote pudgala bhe kA dharma (gati) nizcaya

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saMvara baMdha-mukti prakriyA Azrava bandha mokSa nirjarA kutti

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divANajI anitya bhAvanA prANapakSI lakSmI cinha bagalA GG

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he hale be patile kAyaklaza vyutsarga svAdhyAya vivikta zayyAsana rasaparityAga vagyAvatya vRttiparisaMkhyAna vinaya avamodarya prAyazcitta) anazana zuladhyAna dharmadhyAna ArtadhyAna

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bandha prakRti sthiti ghAti karme jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa mohanIya antarAya anubhAga pradeza Co karma baMdha aghAti karme vedanIya 000 Ayu nAma gAna pypy

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Agama samyaktva ni. kAMkSita niHzaMkA nirvicikitsA

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kevala jJAna sakala pratyakSa avadhI deza pratyakSa manaH paryAya pratyakSa samyagjJAna parokSa parokSa mati zruti G

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samyagjJAna ke prakAra kevalajJAna mana:paryayajJAna avadhijJAna zrutajJAna matijJAna GIG

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Glo Klacht samyagdarzana mokSa

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citroM kI jAnakArI citroM kA uddezya tattvoM ke saMbaMdha meM kI gaI kalpanA ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie kucha citra die gaye haiM / ina citroM meM raMga, prANI Adi saba kAlpanika haiM / kalAkAra ko kucha kalpanAe~ dekara ye citra taiyAra karavA lie haiM / saundaryazAstra kA isase kucha bhI saMbaMdha nahIM hai / rekhAcitroM kA upayoga kisI bhAvanA ko vyakta karane ke lie hotA hai, isa hetu apanI hI kalpanA ko vistRta kara ina citroM meM utArane kA prayatna suspaSTa hogA, yahI ina citroM kA mukhya uddezya hai / citra kramAMka viSaya jIva kI cAra gatiyA~ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. citroM kA spaSTIkaraNa 1. jIvatattva - - citra kra. 1 - jIva kI cAra gatiyA~ jIva kI cAra gatiyoM kI kalpanA adhika spaSTa karane ke lie deva, nAraka, tiryaMca aura manuSya ina cAra gatiyoM kA citra diyA hai aura usameM yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki ina cAra gatiyoM meM se kevala manuSya hI mokSa ko jA sakatA hai / anya tIna gatiyoM meM hone vAle mokSa ko nahIM jA sakate / ajIva tattva prakAra baMdha-mukti-prakriyA tattva jIva ajIva Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha, mokSa saMvara nirjarA baMdha mokSa mokSa mokSa mokSa anitya bhAvanA bAhya tapa abhyantara tapa baMdha aura karma samyaktva samyagjJAna samyagjJAna ke bheda mokSa mArga 2. ajIva tattva : citra kra0 2 ajIva ke bheda : isameM ajIva ke pA~ca bheda batAe gae haiM- 1. dharma, 2. adharma, 3. AkAza, 4. kAla aura 5. pudgala / isake spaSTIkaraNa ke lie citra meM dharma arthAt gati sahAyaka tattva (udA0 gatimAna machaliyA~ ) 2. adharma arthAt sthiti sahAyaka tattva (udA0 baiThA huA manuSya), 3. AkAza arthAt sthAna denevAlA dravya / isake do bheda : lokAkAza aura ( 441 )

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alokAkAza / 4. kAla arthAt samaya dikhAne vAlA dravya isake do bheda : nizcaya aura vyavahAra / 5. pudgala arthAt rUpI dravya (jo vastue~ AkhoM ko dikhAI detI haiM, unheM rUpI kahate haiM udA0 sandUka 1) isa citra se ajIva kI pA~ca prakAroM kI kalpanAe~ spaSTa hotI 3. Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa tattva : cikra kra0 3 : baMdhamukti prakriyA isa citra meM Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye pA~ca tattva naukA kI kalpanA dvArA spaSTa kie gaye haiM / pahalI naukA dvArA Asrava aura baMdha tattva spaSTa kie gaye haiM / . Asrava kI kalpanA chidra dvArA naukA meM AnevAle pAnI se kI gaI hai / (AtmA meM karmapraveza honA) / baMdha kI kalpanA naukA meM chidra dvArA saMcita hue pAnI dvArA batAI gaI hai / AtmA meM Asrava dvArA Ae hue saMcita karma / / dUsarI naukA dvArA saMvara kI kalpanA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / naukA meM par3e hae chidra ko kAka-bUca lagAkara baMda kiyA hai / (AtmA meM Asrava dvArA Ane vAle karmoM ko saMvara rUpI bUca lagAkara baMda karane cAhie / ) tIsarI naukA dvArA nirjarA kI kalpanA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / isa citra meM naukA ko pUrNatayA pAnI se rahita batAyA gayA hai aura naukA kinAre lagI hai / (AtmA ke sAre karma naSTa ho gae haiM, usane saMsArarUpI sAgara ko pAra kiyA hai aura mokSa-mahala ko prApta kara lokAgra bhAga para sthita huA hai / ) / 4. saMvara tattva-citra kra0 4-anitya bhAvanA : saMvara tattva meM bAraha bhAvanAe~ haiM / unameM se anitya bhAvanA eka hai jise spaSTa karane ke lie yaha citra diyA gayA hai / bAhya arthAt bhautika saMpatti, suMdara ghara, hAthI arthAt saMpatti, pazudhana, suMdara patnI, dIvAnajI, naukara-cAkara, itanA saba upalabdha hote hue bhI ye sArI bAteM anitya haiM / kyoMki jaba manuSya kA prANarUpI pakSI ur3a jAtA hai, taba koI bhI sAtha nahIM AtA / sArI bhautika saMpatti ihaloka meM rahatI hai / isase anitya bhAvanA kI kalpanA spaSTa hogI / 5. nirjarA tattva-citra kra05-bAhya tapa aura Abhyantara tapa : nirjarA tattva meM tapa ke bAraha bheda batAe gae haiM / isa citra meM chaha bAhya aura chaha Abhyantara tapa dikhAe gae haiM / isake alAvA AbhyaMtara tapa eka eka bheda dhyAna ke1 Arta dhyAna, 2 raudra dhyAna, 3 dharma dhyAna, aura 4 zukla dhyAna aise cAra bheda batAe haiM / ina cAra dhyAnoM meM se dharma aura zukla dhyAna zreSTha haiM aura usIse mokSa prApti hotI 6. baMdha tattva : citra kra0 6-baMdha aura karma : isa citra meM baMdha ke aura karma ke bheda batAe gaye haiM / baMdha ke cAra bheda haiM (442

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1 prakRti, 2 sthiti, 3 anubhAga aura 4 pradeza / karma ke ATha bheda haiM / unameM se cA ghAtI karma haiM - 1 jJAnAvaraNa, 2 darzanAvaraNa, 3 mohanIya aura 4 aMtarAya tathA cAra aghAtI karma haiM- 1 vedanIya, 2 Ayu, 3 nAma aura gotra / ye ATha karma prakRtibaMdha ke bheda haiM / ina ATha karmoM ke kAraNa jIva ko saMsAra - paribhramaNa karanA par3atA hai / 7. mokSa mArga citra kra0 7 : samyaktva yaha citra samyaktva ke ATha bheda samajhane ke lie hai / ye bheda isa prakAra haiM 1 niHzaMkA : isameM yaha kalpanA kI gayI hai ki jisa prakAra per3a se TUTA huA phala nIce giratA hai, isameM koI bhI zaMkA nahIM hotI, usI prakAra jinadeva ke kahe hue tattvoM para kisI bhI prakAra se zaMkA na honA hI niHzaMkA hai / 2 niHkAMkSitaH saMsAra se vimukha honA / saMsAra kI ora pITha kie hue vyakti kI kalpanA ko citra meM dikhAyA gayA hai / samyakadRSTi jIvoM ko saMsAra kI AkAMkSA nahIM hotI / ve hI niHkAMkSita haiM / 3nirvicikitsA : nirvicikitsA yAnI ghRNA na honA / isa citra meM muni kA zarIra bhalA hone para bhI rAjA use AdarapUrvaka vaMdana kara rahA hai, yahI nirvicikitsA hai / 4 amUr3hadRSTi : zAstra ke lie saccI zraddhA honA cAhie isalie citra ke vyakti ko Agama hAtha meM liyA. huA dikhAyA gayA hai / yahI amUr3ha-dRSTi hai / 5 upagUhana : isacitra meM mahAvIra svAmI aura caMDakauzika sarpa kA citra dikhAyA gayA hai / kyoMki caMDakauzika sarpa ne bha0 mahAvIra ko daMza kiyA thA / phira bhI usakA doSa na dekhate hue unhoMne usapara prema kI hI varSA kI / isa prakAra svayaM ke guNoM ko aura dUsaroM ke doSoM ko jo calAtA hai aura dUsaroM ko dharma meM sthira karatA hai, vahI upagUhana hai / 7 vAtsalya : isa citra meM vAtsalya kI kalpanA spaSTa karane ke lie gAya aura bachar3e kA citra diyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra gAya apane bachar3e ko pyAra karatI hai, usI prakAra sAdharmI baMdhu para niHsvArtha prema karake unake duHkha kama karanA, yaha vAtsalya hai / 8 prabhAvanA : isameM bhI Agama kA hI citra dikhAyA hai / dharma kA pramANa bar3hAne ke lie aura dharma meM citta sthira karane ke lie Agama kA Azraya lenA cAhie / 8. mokSamArga : citra kra0 8 - samyagjJAna : isa citra meM samyagjJAna ke prakAra ke prakAra ko kalpanA dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / samyagjJAna ke do bheda : 1 pratyakSa, 2 parokSa / jisameM indriyA~ aura mana kI sahAyatA nahIM hotI aura jo sahajatA se jAnA jAtA hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna hai / pratyakSa jJAna ke do bheda haiM- 1 dezapratyakSa aura 2 sakala pratyakSa / avadhijJAna aura manaH paryAya jJAna ye deza pratyakSa haiM aura kevalajJAna sakala pratyakSa hai / indriyA~ aura mana kI sahAyatA se vastu ko aspaSTa jAnanA 'parokSa jJAna' hai / matijJAna, zrutajJAna ye parokSa jJAna haiM / ( 443 )

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9. mokSamArga citrakramAMka 9 samyagjJAna ke bheda mokSatattva meM jJAna ke pA~ca bheda batAe gae haiN| unheM spaSTa karane ke lie phUla kI kalpanA ko citra meM dikhAyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra phUla krama se vikasita hotA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jJAna bhI dhIre-dhIre vikasita hotA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra aMtima avasthA meM phUla pUrNatayA vikasita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra pUrNa jJAna 'kevala' jJAna hai / sAre jJAnoM meM kevalajJAna zreSTha jJAna hai / 10. mokSatattva : citra kra0 mokSatattva meM mokSamArga kA ullekha A cukA hai / mokSa kI ora prayANa karane ke lie mokSamArga atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai / vaha mokSamArga hai- samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA mArga | citra meM mokSa - zikhara para pahu~cane ke lie darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI tIna sIr3hiyA~ dikhAI gaI haiN| inheM 'ratnatraya' bhI kahate haiM / isa mArga kA avalaMbana karane para hI AtmA ko mokSa prApta hotA hai / 10 mokSamArga - pR0 - (888)

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lekhikA mahArASTra kI puNyabhUmi meM ahamadanagara jile ke antargata kAnhUra paThAra nAmaka grAma meM parama dharmAnurAgI pitA zrI rAmacaMdajI ziMgavI ke yahA~ zrImatI kastUrI bAI ziMgavI kI ratnagarbhA kakSi se vimala bahana kA janma huA, jo Age calakara jaina jagat kI divya jyoti mahAsatIjI zrI DaoN0 dharmazIlAjI ma0 sA0 ke rUpa meM rASTra vizruta bniiN| AcArya samrATa pU0 zrI AnaMdaRSijI ma0 sA0 ke mukhAraviMda se bhAgavatI dIkSA svIkAra kara vidyA, sAdhanA aura titikSA kI triveNI-svarUpA DaoN0 dharmazIlA jI0 ma0 sA0 vizvasaMta-viruda-vibhUSitA guruNIvaryA mahAsatIjI pUjya ujjvala kumArIjI ma0 sAla kI sevA meM sarvato bhAvena samarpita ho gaIM / unake sAnnidhya meM zrutArAdhanA aura cAritrArAdhanA ke pAvana patha para uttarottara agrasara hotI rahIM / unake jIvana- paryaMta prANapaNa se unakI sevA meM aharniza saMlagna rhiiN| Apane pUnA vizvavidyAlaya meM prAkRta aura pAli kI ema0 e0 parIkSA prathama zreNI meM uttIrNakara prathama sthAna prApta kiyA / Apane hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga kI sAhitya ratna parIkSA meM bhI prathama zreNI meM sarvocca sthAna prApta kiyA / ApakA hindI, marAThI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, saMskRta, prAkRta, pAli tathA aMgrejI Adi aneka bhASAoM para asAdhAraNa adhikAra hai / jaina darzana ke sAtha-sAtha Apa kA anya bhAratIya darzanoM kA bhI gahana adhyayana hai / san 1977 meM "jaina darzana meM navatattva" viSaya para bhArata varSa ke samasta sAdhU-sAdhvI vRMda meM sarvaprathama Apane hI pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi prApta kii| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA nirUpita aMhisA evaM vizvazAMti ke mahAn AdarzoM ke saMprasAra hetu Apa niraMtara prayatnazIla haiN| jJAnArAdhanA ke sAtha ApakA jIvana nirantara saMpRkta rahA hai / pI-eca0 DI0 ke anaMtara Aja taka vaha krama satata gatizIla hai / Apane apane vidyArAdhanA ke isa mahAna kArya ko mUrta rUpa dene hetu apane cennaI pravAsa ke antargata "Namo siddhANaMpada samIkSAtmaka parizIlana' viSaya para DI0 liTa0 ke liye vizAla zodha graMtha taiyAra kiyA hai / yaha zodha graMtha mahAsatIjI kI bAIsa barSa kI zrutArAdhanA kA supariNAma hai / prakAzaka risarca phAuNDezana phAra jainolAjI, cennaI-79 zrI gujarAtI zve0 sthA0 jaina-esosiezana cennaI-7 Jain Education Interational .