Rushabhayan me Bimb Yojna

Author(s): Sunilanand Nahar
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009387/1

Page #1
RSabhAyaNa meM bimba yojanA) jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) ke saMskRta evaM prAkRta vibhAga meM pI.eca.DI. upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha prabaMdha zodhakartI sunIlA nanda nAhara (ema.e., sAhitya-ratna, ela.ela.bI.) zodha-nirdezaka DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya yU.jI.sI. dvArA navIM rASTrIya zodha puraskAra se puraskRta pUrva adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna sampati-adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga sahAyaka-saMkAyAdhyakSa, chAtra kalyANa saMkAya sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM-341306

Page #2
- 8SabhAyaNa meM bimba yojanA) jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) ke saMskRta evaM prAkRta vibhAga meM pI.eca.DI. upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha prabaMdha zodhakartI sunIlA nanda nAhara (ema.e., sAhitya-ratna, ela.ela.bI.) zodha-nirdezaka DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya yU.jI.sI. dvArA navIM rASTrIya zodha puraskAra se puraskRta pUrva adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna samprati-adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga sahAyaka-saMkAyAdhyakSa, chAtra kalyANa saMkAya sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM-341306

Page #3
namo arihaMtANaM

Page #4
namo Ayariya paNNANaM yaha zodha grantha pUjya gaNAdhipati gurUdeva AcArya zrI tulasI ko samarpita sunIlA nanda nAhara mehakara (mahA.)

Page #5
pro. DaoN0 harizaMkara pANDeya pI0 ec DI0, DI0 liT adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga 9 vIM yU. jI. sI rASTriya zodha puraskAra-2002. AcArya mahAprajJa sAhitya puraskAra-2006 se puraskRta sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI patrA ...... Mubies Lauge phona naM0 : 0542-2208845 : 9935287205 : 9451885545 mo0 na0 AvAsIya patA : 17, prAcIna zikSaka AvAsa sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya; jagatagaMja, vArANasI-221002 dinAGka... *** *** **** *** *** *20. 229 pramANa patra pramANita kiyA jAtA hai ki zrImatI sunIlAnanda nAhara ne mere nirdezana meM "RSabhAyaNa meM bimba yojanA" viSaya para pI ec DI kI upAdhi ke lie zodha prabandha kA nibandhana kiyA hai| abhI taka isa viSaya para kArya nahIM huA hai| yaha zodha prabandha sarvathA navya, bhavya evaM kAvyazAstrIya nikaSa se sampanna hai| Avazyaka zodha-pravidhiyoM se sambhUSita hai| isa zodha-prabandha ko pIeca DI upAdhi ke lie vizvavidyAlaya ko prastuta karane kI anumati pradAna karatA huuN| zodha kartrI kI mAGgalika bhaviSya kI kAmanA karatA huuN| dhIzaMkara pANDeya 1811110

Page #6
bhUmikA upoddhAta (prologue) jaba kavi-pratibhA kiMvA RSi-prajJA kisI mahaduddezya se sambaddha mahacaritra kI saMsthApanA tathA Astika jagat ke lie 'rAmAdivat vartitavyaM na ca rAvaNAdivat' kI pratiSThApanA ke lie jAgrata hotI hai| taba mahAkAvya kA janma hotA hai, jisameM sRjanadharmitA kA uddAma-vaibhava, cintana kI sahajavibhUti tathA dUradarzitA kA akATya aura akhaNDa lalita-Alama vidyamAna hotA hai| jahA~ jIvana ke sampUrNa saMbhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti AstikatA ke dharAtala para saMgaThita hotI hai| jahA~ rUpa ke sAtha ramaNIyatA aura carvaNIyatA kA sahaja yoga vidyamAna rahatA hai| __ AcArya mahAprajJa viracita 'RSabhAyaNa' akhaNDa mAnavatA kA vilasita mahAkAvya hai, jisameM AcArya mahAprajJa jaise anAvila pratibhA, RtambharIyA-prajJA tathA cidambarIya-kalpanA lalita mahAkavi kI hRdaya se saMbhUta sahaja-saMveda evaM citAkarSaka zabdalahariyAM vidyamAna hai to vidvadamanoraMjinI cetanA kI UrmiyA~ bhI ullasita haiN| bhagavAn kiMvA mahAmAnava RSabha ke caritra kA AzrayaNa kara atIta aura vartamAna kA sahaja samanvaya saMsthApita kiyA hai| isa viziSTa mahAkAvya meM kavi ne sArthaka bimboM kA prayoga kiyA hai| unhIM bimboM kA anuzIlana, parizIlana meM merI mati pravRtta huii| samasyA (Problem) bimba kyA hai ? RSabhAyaNa ke saMdarbha meM bimba kA kyA svarUpa ho sakatA hai, bimba kI kAvya meM kyA AvazyakatA hai, bimba ke kitane bheda haiM-AlocanA zAstra tathA kavi-paramparA meM bimboM kI upayogitA hai, RSabhAyaNa ke kavi ne kisa taraha ke bimboM kA prayoga kiyA hai| unakI bimba-prayoga kI sArthakatA kyA hai-Adhunika saMdarbha meM usakI upayujyatA kyA hai ? Adi samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu tathA RSabhAyaNa ke hArda ko samajhane ke lie, kyoMki kAvya kA prANa tatva bimba hotA hai, hI isa zodhakArya meM saMlagnatA kA merA mAnasa bnaa| uddezya RSabhAyaNa AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA racita mahAkAvya hai| yaha hindI kA kAlajayI kAvya hai| isa mahAkAvya meM bhAvanA tathA vicAraNA kA adbhuta sAmaMjasya

Page #7
hai| lokamAnasa meM vicAraka aura dArzanika ke rUpa meM AcArya mahAprajJa kI gaharI chApa hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki AcArya mahAprajJa eka vaicArika kavi haiM lekina vicAra ko kavitA meM badalanA sabake bUte kI bAta nahIM hai| uccakoTi kI sarjanAtmaka pratibhA se sampanna eka atizaya saMvedanazIla mana kA svAmI hue binA yaha kArya saMbhavanIya nahIM hai| merA ciMtana hai bimboM kI dRSTi se 'RSabhAyaNa' kA adhyayana karane se zAyada mahAkavi AcArya mahAprajJa kI saMvedanazIlatA kI thor3I-bahuta thAha laga sakatI hai aura yaha kArya karane kA vicAra kiyaa| 'RSabhAyaNa meM bimba vidhAna' para kArya karanA isalie svIkAra kiyA kyoMki bimba kavi-karma kI saphalatA kA Thosa aura prAmANika mApadaMDa hai| jisa kavi meM kalpanA kI jitanI yathArthatA va bhAvanA kI gaharAI sparza karatI hai, usake bimba utane hI jIvanta hote haiN| bimboM meM kavi kI saMvedanazIla kI kasauTI ThaharAne kI dizA meM sabase mahatvapUrNa pahala kerolIna sparjiyana ne kI thii| jinhoMne zeksapIyara ke bimboM kA adhyayana karate hue unake sahAre kavi ke vyaktitva, manodazA aura vicAroM ke atirikta unake nATakoM kI viSaya-vastu aura caritroM para bhI prakAza DAlA thaa| aMgrejI ke prasiddha kavi sesila De levisa kI 'di poeTika imeja' tathA phaiMka kI 'romAMTika imeja' isa dizA meM nayI saMbhAvanAoM kA dvArA kholate haiN| hindI meM AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne 'rasAtmaka-bodha ke vividha rUpa' zIrSaka nibaMdha dvArA isa viSaya para prakAza DAlA hai| AcArya naMda-dulAre vAjapeyI ne prasAda aura nirAlA ke bimbavidhAna para tathA DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne purAkathAoM va mithakoM ko lekara kucha mahatvapUrNa saMketa kiye haiN| DaoN. kedAranAtha siMha ne 'Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna kA vikAsa' viSaya para zodha-prabaMdha likhaa| DaoN. rAmayatana siMha 'bhramara' ne Adhunika hindI kavitA meM citra-vidhAna viSaya para kArya kiyaa| DaoN. sudhA saksenA ne jAyasI kI bimba yojanA tathA DaoN. suzIlA zarmA ne 'tulasI sAhitya meM bimba-yojanA' para gaharA kArya kiyaa| ___ bimba-vizleSaNa hameM kAvya vyApAra ke mUla taka pahu~cAne meM samartha hotA hai| pAzcAtya kavi, Alocaka bimba ko 'kAvya kI AtmA' mAnate haiN| vastutaH bimba pratyeka yuga va deza kI kavitA kA eka zAzvata tatva hai| AcArya mahAprajJa vizva-kavi haiM unakI kavitAoM kA saMgraha vaha RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya lokamAnasa meM jana-mana taka pahu~ca rahA hai| ataH aba ina kavitAoM tathA mahAkAvya ke mahAtmya kA anubhava karanA

Page #8
Avazyaka hai| unakI sUktiyA~, puhAvare, suMdara kalpanAe~ evaM upamAoM kA saMgraha saMkalana rUpa meM prakAzita ho jana-jana para eka pahu~ca rahA hai| pAzcAtya siddhAMta ke anusAra bimba-vidhAna ke AdhAra para RSabhAyaNa kA zAstrIya vivecana abhI taka nahIM huA hai| prastuta zrama isI abhAva kI pUrti kA prayAsa hai| Aja kA jIvana ciMtana hI nahIM balki tArkikatA, bauddhikatA va pAzcAtya samparka se prabhAvita hai| cAroM ora sukha-zAMti DhUMDhane kI koziza meM aura jyAdA azAMta hotA jA rahA hai| ataH apane lakSya meM pahu~cane ke lie yaha RSabhAyaNa hI eka samAdhAna hai| svayaM AcArya mahAprajJajI kahate haiM-"hama darpaNa se paricita haiM aura pratibimba se bhI paricita haiN| bimba se paricita nahIM haiM, jise bimba mAna rahe haiM vaha bhI vAstava meM pratibimba hai| zarIra bimba nahIM hai| bimba hai-'AtmA athavA cetanA' / prekSA eka darpaNa hai usameM apanA bimba dekhA jA sakatA hai| aisA darpaNa, jo pratibimba ko nahIM letA, kevala bimba ko hI bimbita karatA hai| hama isa prakAra ke darpaNa se bhI paricita nahIM hai| hameM paricita honA hai aura isIlie honA hai ki hama svAsthya aura zAMtipUrNa jIvana jI skeN| __ apane darpaNa kA nirmANa aura apane bimba kA drshn| prekSA nirjarA kI prakriyA hai, jisase purAne saMskAra kSINa ho skeN| prekSA-saMvara kA prayoga hai, jisase pratibimba paidA karane vAle paramANu cetanA ke bhItara na A ske| zodhana aura nirodha tathA nirodha aura zodhana isa zrama kA pariNAma hai bimba kA darzana, saakssaatkaar|"1 (1. apanA darpaNa : apanA bimba, AcArya mahAprajJa) apanA darpaNa: apanA bimba ke saMpAdakIya meM saMkalita hai "bimba hai aatmaa| pratibimba hai zarIra, vANI aura mana / AtmA zarIra meM hai para vaha zarIra nahIM hai| zarIra AtmA kI abhivyakti kA srota hai para AtmA nahIM hai| xxx bimba ko jAnane ke lie pratibimba ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai aura Avazyaka hai pratibimba se pare jaanaa| bimba ke darzana kA artha hai - AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA bodha / " vyakti kA jaba jIvana mana se saMcAlita hotA hai to vaha svayaM va dUsaroM ke lie bhArabhUta hokara bhayAvaha hone laga jAtA hai| jisa samAja meM AvazyakatA sImita lekina sAdhana asImita hotA hai taba jIvana meM utanI samasyA mahasUsa nahIM hotI parantu ThIka isake viparIta sAdhana sImita va AvazyakatAe~ asImita hone para usa samAja ke svasthatA kI sthiti saMdigdha ho jAtI hai| aise samaya meM AtmA ke saMyama kA aMkuza hara jana meM laganA jarUrI hai tathA zramaniSThA ke prati hara iMsAna kA

Page #9
jAgarUka honA Avazyaka hai| isa RSabhAyaNa meM badalate hue vakta pariveza meM hone vAlA rUpAMtaraNa kA bar3A hI romAMcakArI nidarzana hai| yugalika yuga meM manuSya samAja ke nirmANa kI ora bddh'aa| suvidhA ke abhAva meM vyavasthAoM kA janma huaa| rAjA RSabha ne abhAva va avyavasthA meM sabako vyavasthita hone, jo karmabhUmi ke siMhadvAra meM praveza karane kA saMdeza diyA, vahI anekAneka siddhAnta va anuraNIya tathya isI 'RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya' meM samAdRta hai| sAmrAjya viSayaka parikalpanA, sAmrAjya ke adhi kArI, zAsana aura nyAya-vyavasthA, rAjasva vyavasthA, daMDa vyavasthA, sainya saMgaThana, yauddhA aura yuddha kA sAMgopAMga citraNa hai / mahAkAvya meM itanA hI nahIM sadgurU gaurava aMtarnigUr3hatA (AtmA va siddhAvasthA), jagat - nirUpaNa, mAyA - mahimA, mokSa-mImAMsA kA sAMgopAMga citraNa hai / dArzanika lakSya meM AtaMrika zucitA aura vyApaka jIvana-dRSTi para ciMtana hai / vyaMjita sAmAjika saMskAra aura sAmAjika rItiyA~ meM sAmAjika vizvAsa aura pracalita paraMparAe~, nArI viSayaka ciMtana, mAnavIya ekatA ke vidhAyaka tatvoM para gUr3ha prakAza pratipAdya hai, jisakI Aja ke vakta ko sakhta jarUrata hai / zodha-pravidhi (Research Methodology) prastuta zodhakArya meM vivecanAtmaka, samIkSAtmaka paddhati kA samAzrayaNa kiyA gayA hai / siddhAnta evaM prayogagata tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa ke sambandha meM vivecanAtmaka tathA samIkSA ke kAla meM samIkSAtmaka paddhati kA AzrayaNa kiyA gayA hai / siddhAntopasthAna udAharaNa - prastAvana, RSabhAyaNagata - udAharaNa kA vivecana - vizleSaNa aura samIkSaNa kI paddhati ke anusAra prastAvita zodhakArya kI pUrNatA kI siddhi kI gaI hai| kRtkAryo kI samIkSA abhI taka RSabhAyaNa para bimba viSayaka kArya nahIM huA hai / zodha sImA nirdhAraNa bimboM kI siddhAntagata prastuti ke uparAnta RSabhAyaNa ke mUla udAharaNoM ko uddhata kara unakI samIkSA taka zodha kI sImA nirdhArita hai /

Page #10
zodha- saMsAdhana yaha zodhakArya mUlataH pustakAlayoM, samIkSA - graMthoM tathA gurUjanoM ke sAtha 'vivecana, vimarzana evaM vizleSaNa kI prakriyA' para AdhArita hai| isameM vibhinna pustakAlayoM kI yAtrA tathA viziSTa vidvAnoM se samparka kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika yuga ko avadAna 1. AcArya mahAprajJa kI navya evaM bhavya kRti kI guNavattA se Astika saMsAra paricita hogA / zodhArthiyoM, adhyayanArthiyoM ke lie bahumUlya saMsAdhanoM kI upalabdhi | 2. -00-

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do zabda pAzcAtya sAhityika jagata meM samayAnukrama meM jo-jo vaicArika dhArAe~ pravAhita hotI rahI haiM, usakA prabhAva kisI na kisI rUpa meM paurvAtya sAhitya para bhI par3atA rahA haiN| 'pratIka' kI bhA~ti 'bimba' vidyA kA vikAsa pAzcAtya jagat kI hI dena haiN| isakA matalaba yaha kataI nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA ki bhAratIya kavi bimba vidhAna se aparicita the| siddhAMtaH bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM dhvani, rasa, alaMkAra, rIti, vakrokti, aucitya, kI vizada vyAkhyA milatI hai, kintu siddhAMta ke taura para bimba vidhAna para koI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| jabaki uparyukta sabhI bhAratIya kAvyazAstrIya ke vicAroM kI dRSTi se bimba kI puSTi hotI haiN| dhvani, alaMkAra, rIti, vakrokti Adi apanA prakAzana bimbAtmaka rUpa meM hI karate haiN| 'rasa' ko to bhAva dazA kA kriyamANa tatva hone ke kAraNa kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 'bhAva' athavA 'vicAra' ke prasphuraNa meM kavi kI kalpanA kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| kalpanA ke dvArA bhAva satya kA prakAzana bimba ke rUpa meM hI hotA haiN| isa prakAra bimba Adhunika kAla kI eka aisI mahatvapUrNa kAvya vidhA hai, jisameM bhAva citra spaSTataH ubharate haiN| kavi kI kalpanA jitanI hI marmasparzI hogI, bhAva citra bhI utanA hI gaharA hogaa| yo to hindI sAhitya meM chAyAvAdI yuga se hI siddhAMta rUpa meM bimba bahulA kavitAe~ likhI jAne lagI thii| AcArya zukla jaise mUrdhanya samIkSoM ne bhI kavi evaM kAvya kI kasauTI bimboM ke sazakta prayoga ko hI mAnA haiN| DaoN. nagendra, DaoN. kedAranAtha siMha, DaoN. akhaurI, bRjanaMdana prasAda jaise prabhRtta vidvAnoM ne bimba ke svarUpa tathA usake kriyamANa prabhAva kI viSada vivecanA kI hai| jisase AdhAra banAkara hindI sAhitya va saMskRta sAhitya ke adhikAMzataH purAne va navIna kaviyoM ke dvArA bimba vidhA kI gaharAI se talAza bhI kI gaI hai| hindI sAhitya meM sUra, tulasI jAyasI, prasAda, paMtha, nirAlA, mahAdevI varmA, sumana, muktibodha, samazera bahAdura siMha, ajJeya Adi aise kavi hai, jinhoMne sazakta bimboM ko gar3hA haiN| Aja bhAratIya kAvya ke sA~ce meM 'bimba' isa rUpa meM Dhala gayA hai ki lagatA hI nahIM ki vaha pAzcAtya jagata kI dena hai| prAcIna kaviyoM ko bimba kI kasauTI para kasane se aisA lagatA hai ki kavi pUrNataH isa vidyA se paricita thii| bhale hI isakA janma Adhunika kAla meM huaa|

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... Adhunika kAla kA kavi cU~ki bimba ke saiddhAMtika pahalU se bhI paricita hai isIlie unakI kavitAoM meM vividha bhAva bimboM kA pUrNataH prasAra dekhA jA sakatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa Adhunika kAla ke vizeSa bhAvabhUmi para pratiSThita hai, kyoMki ve kore kavi nahIM, gahare dhyAna meM paiThane vAle sAdhaka bhI hai, isalie unake kAvya meM bimboM kA pAradarzI rUpa sahaja hI dikhAI detA haiN| unakI dRSTi anekAMta dRSTi hai, jisameM sabhI dRSTiyoM kA tirobhAva ho jAtA haiN| isa rUpa meM bhI unake dvArA nirmita bimba bahuta hI AkarSaka bana par3e haiN| vastutaH AcArya mahAprajJa saMskRti sAhitya ke marmajJa hai, jisakA pariNAma yaha haA ki unake dvArA racita hindI se saMbaMdhita kAvya graMthoM kA zarIra to hindI kA hI hai, kintu usakI AtmA meM saMskRta bhii| jisake kAraNa unakI bhASA bhI parizuddhatA se paripUrNa haiN| bhASA kA yaha zuddhikaraNa kahI na kahI unakI samyaka dRSTi, samyaka jJAna evaM samyaka cAritrya ko prastuta karatI hai, jo kisI bhI sAdhaka kI akSaya nidhi mAnI jA sakatI haiN| 'RSabhAyaNa' mahAkAvya para jahA~ taka maiM jAnatI hU~ abhI taka koI zodha kArya nahIM huA haiM yaha bAta alaga hai ki jatana lAla jI rAmapuriyA ne 'anukRti' ke dvArA RSabhAyaNa para bhakta dRSTi apanAte huye usake adhyAtmika pahaluoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai, nizcita unakA yaha mahatvapUrNa prayAsa haiM kintu bimba kI dRSTi se inameM kahIM bhI jatanalAla jI rAmapuriyA kI khojI dRSTi nahIM dikhatI aura na hI mahAkAvya kA sampUrNa citraphalaka hI ujAgara hotA hai, hA~ unakA prAraMbhika prayAsa AdaraNIya hai| kanhaiyAlAla phUlaphagara ke sampAdakatva meM AcArya mahAprajJa ke sAhitya para vividha vidvAnoM ke lekha 'mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra' kRti meM nibaMdhita hai, jisameM 'ArSa cetanA kA srotra : RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya' zIrSaka meM DaoN. rAjendra mizra ke lekha ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| isa lekha meM lekhaka ne likhA hai ki 'vastutaH maiM RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya kI sArthakatA, nAmAnvarthakatA tathA mahAkAvya kI lakSya siddhi bhI paMcamasarga taka hI mAnatA huuN| etAvanmAtra kathAnaka se bhI mahAkAvya kI sAMgopAMgatA meM koI kamI nahIM dikhAI detii| mahAkAvya kI zeSa gAthA RSabhagAthA kI bajAya saMtati gAthA mAtra hai, jisakA aitihAsika mahatva nizcaya hI sAbhinaMdana evaM svIkAraNIya hai| mahAkAvya kI lakSya siddhi vidvAna lekhaka ke dvArA pA~cave sarga taka ThaharAnA kyA ucita hai ? yadi pA~caveM sarga ke bAda kathA vikasita na hotI to kyA 'RSabhAyaNa'

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mahAkAvya kAlajayI graMtha bana pAtA ? vastutaH mahAkAvya meM eka bAta vizeSa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai, aura vaha hai RSabha ke dvArA svayaM AtmotthAna karate hue parijanoM ke AtmotthAna dvArA bhautika mAnasika dazA kA mArgAntarIkaraNa karanA, isa dRSTi kA vikAsa pA~cave sarga ke bAda aMtima sarga taka dikhAI detA haiM, isIlie isa saMdarbha meM AdaraNIya mizra kI dRSTi ekAMgI jAna par3atI haiN| RSabhAyaNa eka kAlajayI graMtha haiM, jise vividha bimboM kA bhaMDAragRha bhI kahA jA sakatA haiN| kavi kI dRSTi jahA~ bhautika satya ko bimbita karatI hai, vahIM unakI sUkSma dRSTi mAnasika jagata, adhyAtmika jagata kA dRzya bhI upasthita karatI hai| akarma yuga se karma yuga meM praveza saMbaMdhI jahA~ yugaloM ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita vividha samasyAoM evaM utkarSa ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai, vahIM RSabha ke rUpa meM AtmAnveSaNa kI sarvoccatA kA bhI niSpAdana kiyA gayA hai| sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta isa zodha prabaMdha ke prathama adhyAya meM samIkSA ke tatvoM ke mAnadaMDoM para RSabhAyaNa kI tathya paraka vivecanA kI gaI haiN| 'kavi aura kAvya' zIrSaka ke antargata kavi ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva vizada carcA ke sAtha kAvya kA lakSya udghoSita kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM "bimba ke svarUpa' ke antargata bimba ko paribhASita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA haiM, sAtha hI sAtha bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya samIkSA meM bimba ke svarUpa ko udghATita karate hue kavi, kAvya, rasa, alaMkAra, pratIka, sUkti Adi se bimba kA saMbaMdha sthApita karate hue, usake prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA haiN| tRtIya adhyAya aindrika bimboM para AdhArita hai, jisameM rUpa, zabda, gaMdha, AsvAdya evaM sparya bimboM ke Arekhana ke sAtha hI sAtha ekala, saMzliSTa, gatika evaM sthira paraka bimboM kI gaharAI se jAMca kI gaI hai| caturtha adhyAya meM bhAva bimboM kA parIkSaNa sthAyI evaM saMcArI bhAvoM ke antargata kiyA gayA haiN| paMcama adhyAya mUrttAmUrta bimboM se saMbaMdhita hai| chaThaveM adhyAya meM abhivyakti viSayaka-jaise-abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA, lokokti, muhAvare, pratIka, mAnavIkaraNa, paurANika evaM mahApurUSa caritra viSayaka bimboM kA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai| aMtima adhyAya meM, upasaMhAra ke antargata kavi ke samagra vicAroM ke kAvya vaiziSTya kA Akalana kiyA gayA haiN| --00--

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3... kRtajJatA vidyA kI adhiSThAtrI devI mA~ sarasvatI, kRpAlu mA~ padmAvatI, purUSArtha bar3hAne vAlI mA~ cakrezvarI ke prati naman / gaNAdhipati gurUdeva AcArya zrI tulasI kI kRpAvRSTi kI anubhUti ke lie maiM azabda ho jAtI hU~, A~kheM nama jAtI haiN| sAhitya ke marmajJa, vidvarya samAja meM khyAt dharmacakravartI, aNuvrata, anuzAstA ahiMsA yAtrA ke pravartaka, jJAna yajJa ke purodhA, AcArya mahAprajJa kA protsAhana, vAtsalya, mArgadarzana va ahaitukI kRpA mujhe na milA hotA to yaha graMtha kabhI bhI isa rUpa meM na A paataa| gurU ke prati caramabhakti unakI kAvya dRSTi kA samajhane ke lie mujhe hamezA prerita karatI rahI haiN| vastutaH AcArya vara dvaya kI preraNA kA pariNAma hai-yaha zodha prbNdh| astu yaha zodha prabaMdha maya gaNAdhipati gurUdeva AcArya zrI tulasI ke zrI caraNoM meM samarpita karatI huuN| yuvAcArya mahAzramaNa jI, sAdhvIpramukhA mahAzramaNI jI kI kRpA dRSTi meM mai AkaMTha DubatI rahI huuN| muni mahendra kumAra jI, muni kizana lAla jI, muni sukha lAla svAmI jI, muni sumera muni jI, muni jayacaMda lAla jI kina-kina kA nAma smaraNa karU~, sabhI sAdhugaNa vaMdanIya haiM, bar3A yogadAna rhaa| muni dhanajaMya kumAra jI ne kahA thA cAroM tarapha ke kArya meM vibhakta zakti ko eka tarapha kendrita kara yaha risarca kArya pUrNa kara lo, Apa bhI preraka hai| sAdhvI rAjImatI jI, sAdhvI saMghamitrA jI, sAdhvI jayazrI, sAdhvI vidyAvatI jI, sAdhvI kamala prabhAjI, sAdhvI ratana zrI jI, sAdhvI jina prabhA jI, Adi sAdhvIgaNa ke avitatha-kRpA kA prasAda-pAtheya milatA rahA haiM, vaMdana! sAhitya puraskAra se puraskRta DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya adhyakSa, prAkRta evaM jainAgama vibhAga, saMpUrNAnaMda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANAsI ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karanA mahaja aupacArikatA hogii| mumbaI nivAsI pro. DaoN. lalitA bI. jogar3a, bhIkamacaMda jI koThArI TADagar3ha, (naI muMbaI), DaoN. bhAgacaMda jaina 'bhAskara' va DaoN. puSpalatA jaina nAgapura, DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI sabhI kArya vikAsa hetu prerita kara utsAhavardhaka banate rheN| prAcArya DaoN. kRSNa datta tivArI, satanA, sI.ema.e. vidyAlaya, madhyapradeza kI sahajatA, saralatA hamezA lekhana meM apUrNatA se pUrNatA kA sparza karAtI rhii| .

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jaina vizva bhAratI vizvavidyAlaya lADUna~ manuSya ko saMskAra pradAna karane vAlA aisA vidyA sthala hai jo zreSTha sAdhako kI sAdhanA sthalI hai, jahA~ ahiMsA va jIvana vijJAna jaina darzana meM patrAcAra se ema.e. karane kI vyavasthA haiN| vAIsa cAMsalara samaNI DaoN. maMgala prajJA jI prekSAdhyAna patrikA saMpAdikA samaNI mallI prajJA jI nirdezikA samaNI jI, samaNI DaoN. kusuma prajJA jI, samaNI DaoN. sthita prajJA jI, samaNI DaoN. caitanya prajJA jI, samaNI parama prajJA jI, Adi vyaktAvyakta samaNI vRMda praNamya haiN| DaoN. bhaTTAcArya sara, DaoN. Ananda prakAza tripAThI, DaoN. bI.Ara. dugar3a, DaoN. gaur3a sara, DaoN. saMjIva guptA, DaoN. bhAskara sara, DaoN. jinendra jaina, jaina vidyA puraskAra se puraskRta suzrI vINA jaina, mumukSu DaoN. suzrI zAMtA jaina kA AzISa isa vidyA yajJa meM kAma aayaa| pUjya svargIya bAlacaMda jI nAhara (sasura) va sva. mA~ sAhaba ke vyaktitva se pratyakSa va apratyakSa apratyAzita rUpa se preraNA milatI rahI hai| DaoN. sAhaba ke bhrAtRvRMda svargIya ratanalAla jI kI sahRdayatA mujha para barasatI rhii| AdaraNIya madanalAla jI, tejarAja jI (bI.I.)kI sneha vRSTi mere patha kA pAtheya rhii| sabhI jeThAniyA~ mere utsAha meM preraka rhii| naMdoI sA. mukuMdacaMda jI gaTAgaTa, sau.tArAbAI sA, anya naMdoI sA va bAI sA va pUre parivAra ke sadasyoM kI preraNA se maiM siMcita hotI rhii| nAnA jI siddhakaraNa jI vaidya, sau. raMcanA candra prakAza vaidya kI sahRdayatA se bhI romAMcita huuN| pUjya pitA svargIya johAramala jI DAkaliyA bacapana meM choTI-choTI kahAniyoM se saMskArita karane kI koziza karate rhe| mamatAmayI mA~ zrImatI suzIlA jaina ke A~cala kI chAyA, mahatvAkAMkSI, pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI utsAhI rahane kA saMdeza dene vAlI kI anAvila va nirdvandva AzISa kAma A rahI hai, kyoMki ve usI kA aMza hai| bhAI suzIla kA samarpaNa, purUSArthI sudhIra va surendra, bhAbhI saroja, bhatIje ciMrajIva, suzAMta va bhatIjI sahaparivAra kA jijJAsu mana hamezA apanI upasthiti kA ehasAsa karAte rahe haiM, jise maiM kabhI bhUla nahIM sktii| mere pati DaoN. naMdakumAra nAhara se maiM kabhI uRNa nahIM ho sakatI, paga-paga para unakA avalamba merI mAnasika dazA ke utthAna kA kAraNa rahA hai| maiM unakI jitanI bhI prazaMsA karUM, utanA hI kama hai| putra svapnila, putra ketana va pautra caitanya

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(svara 11 mAha kI Ayu vAlA) mujhe par3hate samaya, maMtroccAra karate samaya, dekhatA va zAMta bhAva se halacala baMda kara kevala nihAratA rahatA aise caitanya svara ke mastI kI thirakana, mere hRdaya ke utsAha ko pulakita karatA rhtaa| use bhI merA naman / saradAra zahara nivAsI nAgapura pravAsI sagA jI sA.chatramala jI daphtarI saparivAra sAdha guvAda ke pAtra hai, jinhoMne apanI putrI sau. sonikA kA hAtha mere putra ke hAtha sauMpa mujhe mAnasika samAdhi banAye rakhane meM sahayoga diye| kulezvara prasAda sAhU, TAyapisTa bilAsapura (cha.ga.) kI isa zodha prabaMdha meM sahayoga ke lie AbhArI huuN| gajendra sAhU kA sahayoga bhI sarAhanIya rhaa| __ isa zodha prabaMdha ko pUrA karane meM jina-jina vidvAnoM ke graMthoM va lekhoM se sahAyatA milI hai, una vidvAnoM ke prati maiM zraddhAvanata huuN| dasoM dizAoM ko prnnaam| sabhI bhavya va pUjyAtmAoM ko prnnaam| kamiyA~ merI hai, vizeSatAe~ gurUjanoM kI, suSTi janoM kii| pratyakSa-apratyakSa AMzika rUpa se jo bhI sahayogI bane sabake prati kRtjnytaa| zodha prabaMdha yadi kiMcita bhI hindI jagata kI samRddhi meM sahAyaka bana sakI, to merA zrama sArthaka hogaa| isI apekSA ke saath| dinAMka-01/02/2010 zodhArthI sau. sunIlA naMda nAhara mehakara (mahA.)

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tRtIya adhyAya - RSabhAyaNa meM aindrika bimba 2 aindrika bimba kA svarUpa evaM prakAra 2 RSabhAyaNa meM cAkSuSa (rUpa bimba) zrotra bimba (zabda) 2 ghrANa (gandha) bimba . rasa-bimba tvam bimba (sparza bimba) 2 ekala aindrika bimba 2 saMzliSTa aindrika bimba 2 gatika aindrika bimba 2 sthita aindrika bimba 2 niSkarSa evaM adhyAya samIkSA caturtha adhyAya - RSabhAyaNa meM bhAvabimba 2 bhAva kA svarUpa vibhinna prakAra ke bhAva bimboM kA vivecana 2 vAtsalya, bhakti 2 rati, zoka, moha, spRhA 2 juguptA, krodha, vismaya . harSa, pramAda, utsAha 2 nirveda, kRtyakRtyatA zaMkA, iA, mada 2 zrama Adi bhAva . bimboM kA samIkSaNa paMcama adhyAya - RSabhAyaNa meM mU mUrtta bimba 2 mUrta ke dvArA amUrta kA upasthApanA 2 amUrta ke dvArA mUrtta kI abhivyakti

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SaSTha adhyAya - RSabhAyaNa meM abhivyakti pradhAna, bimba 2 abhivyaktita viSayaka bimboM kA citraNa 2 abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA 0 lokokti, muhAvare, pratIka, mAnavIkaraNa 2 paurANika prasaMga, mahApuruSa caritra viSayaka bimba saptama adhyAya - upasaMhAra graMthAnukramaNikA --00

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.. madhyAnha, mRgayA, vana, parvata, sAgara, saMyoga-viyoga, nagara, yuddha, putra, janma, yajJa Adi kA sAMgopAMga varNana honA caahie| (2) mahAkAvya ke ukta lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para jaba hama 'RSabhAyaNa' kA parIkSaNa karate haiM to prAyaH usameM adhikAMza lakSaNa milate haiN| 'sargabandhoM mahAkAvyam' ke anusAra RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya sargabaddha hai isameM nAyaka RSabhadeva haiM, jo kulIna varga se sambandhita dhIrodAtta guNoM se maNDita haiN| mahAkAvya meM mUla rasa, zAMta rasa kI pradhAnatA hai, sahayogI rasa ke rUpa meM vIra, vAtsalsa evaM anya rasoM kI bhI yojanA huI hai| "sarve nATaka saMdhayaH' ke anusAra mahAkAvya meM saMdhiyoM kI kar3I baiThAnA eka duSkara kArya hai kyoMki RSabha eka yoga purUSa haiM, unake jIvana meM koI vizeSa kaSAya nahIM hai kintu mamatA eka bandhana hai - (toDUM mamatA kA taTabaMdha) jise tor3akara hI yoga mArga ke lie pravRtta huA jA sakatA hai| pA~caveM sarga se kathAnaka meM navIna mor3a AtA hai aura yahIM se mahAkAvya ke darzana pakSa ke udghATana ke sUtra milane lagate haiN| yahIM se phala prApti kI AzA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| vaise bhI mahAkAvya meM saMdhiyoM kI pratiSThA yA apratiSThA se usakI prabhAvAnviti para koI prabhAva bhI nahIM par3atA hai| mahAkAvya kA kathAnaka aitihAsika aura paurANika donoM hai| aitihAsika isalie ki yaha kathA bhAratIya saMskRti ke Adi sarga kI kathA hai, jisakA uttarottara vikAsa yaugalika yuga se prAraMbha hokara unnata dazA taka pahu~catA hai| paurANika isalie ki RSabha purANa purUSa haiN| ve bhAgavata, viSNu purANa, vAyu purANa, agni purANa, mArkaNDeya purANa, vArAha purANa, liMga purANa meM aneka rUpoM meM varNita haiN| Adi purANa meM inheM brahma svarUpa kahA gayA hai| ziva purANa meM ziva kA Adi tIrthakara ke rUpa meM avatAra lene kA varNana hai| zrImada bhAgavata meM to aneka prasaMga hai|) 'Adau namaskriyA zIrvAvastu nirdeza eva vA ke anusAra AraMbha meM 'maMgalavacanam' se maMgalAcaraNa kI yojanA kI gaI hai : aNaMtamakkharaM NicvaM sAsayaM sAsayAsayaM usabhaM pavaraM vaMde attalINaM pvttgN| 21

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RSabhAyaNa ke chaMdoM meM ekarasatA bhI hai, vaividhya bhI hai| prathama sarga meM hI sRSTi vikAsa se lekara aMta taka kisI chaMda ke yadi prathama caraNa meM 13 mAtrAe~ haiM to kisI-kisI meM 14-14 yA 16-16 mAtrAe~, yaha vaividhya pUre mahAkAvya meM aMta taka dikhAI detA hai, jaise : bhoktA cetana, bhogya acetana donoM se anvita hai loka mila rahe jana-jana paraspara R.pR.-4. ho rahA samavAya hai| R.pR.-14 isa prakAra kI vyavasthA prAyaH sabhI sargoM meM huyI hai| sarga na to adhika bar3e haiM aura na hI chotte| sarga 3, 8, 11, 15 samAna haiM apekSAkRta anya sargoM kI tulanA meM choTe haiN| prathama sarga sabase bar3A hai| sarga kramAMka 7 evaM 14 meM bhI AkAra prakAra kI dRSTi se samAnatA hai| zeSa sarga bhI AkAra-prakAra kI dRSTi se unnIsa-bIsa ke aMtara se yojita haiN| isa prakAra isameM kula aTThAraha sarga haiN| kathA kA sUtrapAta hI prakRti ke sAhacarya se hotA hai, kalpavRkSoM kA varNana, jaMgala evaM ayodhyA tathA takSazilA ke ramaNIka udyAnoM kA dRzya, vasaMta varNana sAtha hI parvata, nadI, sUrya, dina, rAta, madhyAnha Adi kA manohArI citraNa kiyA gayA hai - jaise basaMtotsava kA nimna dRzya - surabhita upavana kA hara konA, vihasita puSpa parAga, rAga jhAMkatA pUrNa yuvA bana, mIlita nayana virAga, AyA madhumaya vara madhumAsa, kaNa-kaNa mukhara vasaMta vilaas| R.pR.-77 mahAkAvya kA uddezya nirvANa athavA mokSa kI prApti hai| isakA aMta sukhAtmaka hai| isa prakAra RSabha svayaM mokSa kA varaNa karate hue mA~, putroM tathA putriyoM ke lie bhI mokSa kA mArga prazasta karate haiN| mahAkAvya ke aMta meM upasaMhAra evaM prazasti (saMskRta meM) kI yojanA kavi kI naI dena hai| isameM kavi ne spaSTa ghoSaNA kI hai : 31

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satya itanA hI nahIM, jitanA ki maiM hU~ mAnatA vyoma itanA hI nahIM, jitanA ki maiM hU~ jAnatA yaha asIma ise na apane, sadana taka sImita karo para sadana meM bhI gagana hai, satya ko svIkRta kro| R.pR.-304 prAcIna AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya saMbaMdhI Akalana meM jo lakSaNa batAe~ haiM, ve bAhya svarUpa haiM, jahA~ rasoM kI carcA kI gayI hai vahA~ Antarika vizeSatAoM para avazya prakAza par3atA hai, jisakI yojanA mahAkAvya meM anivArya hai, kiMtu zeSa lakSaNoM kA akSarazaH usI rUpa meM pAlana saMbhava nahIM hai| sAhitya isakA sAkSI hai ki satrahavIM zatI meM rAmacaMdra dIkSita ne 'paMtajali carita' kI racanA kI hai jisake nAyaka paMtajali muni hai| kAlidAsa ke 'raghuvaMza' aura kSemendra ke 'dazAvatAra carita' meM kitane hI nAyaka haiN| zrI harSa ke 'naiSadha' meM nala damayaMtI kA pUrNa jIvana nahI citrita kiyA gayA hai aura bhatRmeNTa kA 'hayagrIva' vadha aisA mahAkAvya hai jisameM nAyaka to bhagavAna viSNu haiM, kintu pratinAyaka hayagrIva kA caritra hI pradhAna ho gayA hai| baMgAla ke prasiddha kavi mAikela madhusUdana datta kA 'meghanAda' vadha bhI isI prakAra kI racanA hai| ina saba pramANoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kitane hI kaviyoM ne AcAryoM dvArA nirdhArita lakSaNoM kA akSarazaH pAlana nahIM kiyA hai| (1) Aja prabaMdha kAvya jIvana kI vyAkhyA nahIM karatA, jIvana ko vyakta karatA hai| jisase usakA mahatva aura bar3ha jAtA hai vAstavikatA yaha hai, ki samaya ke sAtha mahAkAvya kA rUpa kahIM anya kAvyoM kI tulanA meM tejI se badala rahA hai| kavi vyavahArika athavA kalpanA ke dharAtala para aise pAtroM ko gar3hatA hai, jinakA Adarza vyavahAra, kArya aura caritra pratyakSataH samAja ko prabhAvita karatA hai| isalie kucha mAnya lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para hI kisI mahAkAvya kA malyAMkana karanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| usakA mUlyAMkana to usakI prabhAvAnviti para honI caahie| RSabhAyaNa meM jIvana kI saccI abhivyakti huyI hai, loka meM aloka kA jAgaraNa huA hai, phUla meM sugaMdha kI trh| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN. zambhUnAtha siMha kI mAnyatA prabhAva kI dRSTi se jyAdA mahatva kI jAna par3atI hai| usake anusAra mahAkAvya vaha chandobaddha kathAtmaka kAvya rUpa hai jisameM chipra kathA pravAha yA alaMkRta varNana

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athavA manovaijJAnika citraNa se yukta aisA suniyojita sAMgopAMga aura jIvanta lambA kathAnaka hotA hai, jo rasAtmakatA yA prabhAnviti utpanna karane meM pUrNa samartha hotA hai, jisameM yathArtha, kalpanA yA saMbhAvanA para AdhArita, "aise caritra yA caritroM ke mahatvapUrNa jIvanavRtta kA pUrNa yA AMzika citraNa hotA hai, jo kisI yuga ke sAmAjika jIvana kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM pratinidhitva karate haiM aura jisameM kisI mahatpreraNA se paricAlita hokara kisI mahat uddezya kI siddhi ke lie kisI mahatvapUrNa gaMbhIra' athavA AzcaryotpAdaka aura rahasyamaya ghaTanA yA ghaTanAoM kA Azraya lekara saMzliSTa aura 'samanvita rUpa meM vyakti vizeSa aura yuga-vizeSa ke samagra jIvana ke vividha rUpoM, pakSoM, mAnasika avasthAoM athavA nAnA rUpAtmaka kAryoM kA varNana aura udghATana kiyA gayA rahatA hai| (7) aMtataH yaha kahanA sarvathA upayukta hogA ki RSabhAyaNa AtmA ke utthAna kA lokottara mahAkAvya hai jisameM jIvana kA lokapakSa, darzanapakSa evaM adhyAtmapakSa mukharita huA hai| DaoN. bhagIratha mizra ne mahAkAvya ke saMdarbha meM suspaSTa mata sthApita karate hue likhA hai ki "mahAkAvya vizAla jIvanAnubhava, gaMbhIra hRdaya maMthana aura mahAn preraNA kA pariNAma hai| vaha racanA ke bAda nizcayataH prazaMsita aura prakhyAta hogA, isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| para yaha tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba usameM abhyAMtara guNoM kA samAveza ho kevala bAhya lakSaNoM kI lakIra nhiiN| ye guNa saMskRti yA jIvana ke rahasya udghATana, gaMbhIra bhAva pravAha, utkRSTa kavitva, udAtta zailI aura mahAn caritra kI udbhAvanA meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| mahAkAvya likhane ke uddezya ke pariNAma sadaiva mahAkAvya nahIM hote, para isa uddezya ko sAmane rakhe binA jo pratibhA saMpanna kavi, navIna dRSTikoNa se jIvana kA svarUpa aura darzana tathA bahA le jAne vAlI bhAvoM kI gaMbhIra dhArAoM ko apane kAvya meM pravAhita karatA huA mahAn cAritrya kI sRSTi karatA hai, vaha mahAkavi aura usake isa prakAra ke prayatna kA pariNAma mahAkAvya hotA hai|"(6) RSabhAyaNa jIvana ke vistRta phalaka para artha, dharma, kAma ko nirUpita karate hue 'mokSa' kA divya saMdeza detA hai| 15

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>> samIkSA ke tatva 1. vastu pakSa - kavirmanISI AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA praNIta 'RSabhAyaNa' mahAkAvya laukika, dArzanika, AdhyAtmika dhAraNAoM se saMpRkta Adima saMskRti ke vikAsa kI, kAlacakra ke parivartana kI adbhuta gAthA hai| mahAkAvya kA vibhAjana aTThAraha sargoM meM kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka sarga ke prAraMbha aura aMta meM kavi dvArA zloka kI yojanA kI gayI hai| ye zloka jaise pratyeka sarga ko maMtravat saMpuTa meM bA~dha rahe hoN| mahAkAvya kI pIThikA meM 'loka' aura 'adhyAtma' se saMbaMdhita vividha praznoM ko jJApita kiyA gayA hai jisakA sahaja, vistRta evaM vyavasthita rUpayaNa 'RSabhAyaNa' meM milatA hai| sarga kA prAraMbha 'yaugalika yuga' se hotA hai| yaha kathA bhAratIya saMskRti ke Adi sarga kI kathA hai| himAlaya ke paripArzva meM yaugalika athavA AdivAsI yuga kA vikAsa ho rahA thaa| loka aura sRSTi ke isa vikAsa meM pudgala kI hI bhUmikA hai| 'galana, milana svabhAva ke kAraNa padArtha ko pudgala kahA gayA hai| (1) sabhI jIva, rUpa, AkAra, pudgala se nirmita hai| pudgala nazvara hai, sUkSma se sthUla aura sthUla se sUkSma meM rUpAntaraNa kI kriyA pudgala se hI hotI hai| ___samaya niraMtara gatimAna hai, isakI sattA kA nirdhAraNa duSkara hai| jainAgamoM ke anusAra kAlakhaNDa kA nirdhAraNa chaha rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai jinake nAma haiM - 1. suSama-suSamA, 2. suSamA, 3. suSama-duSamA, 4. duSama-suSamA, 5. duSamA aura 6. dussm-dussmaa| prathama se chaThe taka avanati kI ora calane vAlI kAlacakra kI gati ko 'avasarpiNI' tathA chaThe se pahale kI ora usake utkarSa gAmI pravAha ko 'utsarpiNI' kAla kahA gayA hai| yaha zrRMkhalA isa jagata meM anAdi-ananta pravahamAna hai| avasarpiNI ke dUsare kAlakhaNDa taka yaugalikoM kA jIvana nispRha, nirAmaya thaa| saba nirbhaya the| na koI zAsaka thA, na koI shaasit| kisI meM hiMsAvRtti nahIM thii| pazu the kiMtu unakA upayoga nahIM thaa| unameM bhI ApasI hiMsA nahIM thii| akAla mRtyu kA leza nahIM thaa| pIr3A, dukhaH baira, prema, krodha kucha nahIM thaa| yadi kucha thA to vaha thA prakRti kA manomaya, manohara prazAMta ruup| yugaloM kA jIvana kalpavRkSoM para AdhArita thaa| mRdAMga, mUMga, truTitAMga, dIpAMga,

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jyotiaMga, citrAMga, citrarasa, maNiaMga, gehAkAra, anagna kalpavRkSa unakI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA krte| yaha nihAyata 'akarma yuga' thaa| kAla parivartana dhruva satya hai tIsare kAla cakra se kalpavRkSa yugaloM kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti meM kArpaNya karane lge| kucha abhAva kI sthiti banane lgii| svatvaharaNa, chInA-jhapaTI, atikramaNa Adi durbala vRttiyoM kA vikAsa hone lgaa| yugala vyavasthA ke lie ciMtita hue aura abhAva kI pUrti hetu 'kulakara' vyavasthA kA janma huaa| zvetAmbara jaina graMthoM meM sAta kulakaroM-vimala vAhana, cAkSuSamAn, yazasvI, amicaMdra, prasenajita, marUdeva aura nAbhi kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| RSabhAyaNa meM inakA samucita varNana hai kiMtu digambara paraMparA meM caudaha kulakaroM kI mAnyatA hai / (9) 'nAbhi' ko aMtima kulakara donoM ne mAnA hai| sabhI 'kulakaroM' ne 'kula' vyavasthA ko sucArU rUpa se saMcAlita karane hetu 'daNDanIti' vyavasthA vikasita kI jisase samAja meM 'hAkAra', 'mAkAra' evaM dhikkAra daNDanIti samayAnukrama se vikasita hotI gyii| dvitIya sarga 'RSabhAvatAra' se saMbaMdhita hai| prakRti divya purUSoM ke avatAra kI sUcanA kisI na kisI rUpa meM detI hI hai| mA~ marUdevA kA 'svapna' isa saMketa kA vAhaka hai| samaya para mA~ marUdevA kI kukSi se 'RSabha' aura 'sumaMgalA' kA yugala rUpa meM janma huaa| kavi kI avatAravAda kI dhAraNA RSabha ke avatAra se puSTa hotI hai| idhara kAla anukrama meM 'avasarpiNI' kA prabhAva uttarottara bar3ha rahA thaa| asamaya kAla apanI bA~he phailA rahA thaa| tAla ke phala girane se nara bAlaka kI akAla mRtyu yugaloM ke lie bahuta pIr3AdAyaka thI kyoMki ve kAlamRtyu se paricita the, akAla mRtyu se nhiiN| samaya ke sAtha-sAtha RSabha, sumaMgalA yuvA hue| yugala paramparA ke anusAra prAraMbha meM ye bhAI bahana ke rUpa meM hote the, saMyamamaya jIvana jIte the, yauvanakAla meM inakA rUpAntaraNa pati-patnI ke rUpa meM ho jAnA thaa| udhara sunandA jisakA yugala sAthI asamaya meM hI mRtyu kA varaNa kara liyA thA, usakA evam sumaMgalA kA pANigrahaNa saMskAra RSabha ke sAtha saMpanna huaa| yahIM se samAja meM bahuvivAha athavA bahupatnIvAda paraMparA kA janma huaa| kAlAntara meM sumaMgalA

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se arddhazataka yugala janma lie jinameM prathama yugala bharata aura brAhmI tathA zeSa unapacAsa yugala nara zizu the| sunandA 'bAhubalI' aura 'suMdarI' kI mAtA bnii| isa prakAra samAja meM dAdA-potA kA nayA sambandha vikasita huaa| kAlacakra abAdhita gati se ghUma rahA thA, yugaloM ke svabhAva bhI badala rahe the| kalaha, lobha, Aveza, krodha Adi manovRttiyA~ dRr3ha ho rahI thii| kalpavRkSa se AvazyakatAe~ pUrI nahIM ho pA rahI thI, jisa kAraNa kulakara nAbhi ne rAjataMtra kI sthApanA kara 'RSabha' ko yugaloM kA pahalA rAjA banAyA jisase rAjataMtra vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta huaa| rAjya kI utpatti zAsaka aura zAsita ke rUpa ko prakaTa karatI hai, isa saMdarbha meM mahAprajJa kI prastuta paMktiyAM saTIka haiM : yadi kalpavRkSa kArpaNya nahIM dikhalAte mAnava-mAnava yadi bA~Ta-bA~Ta kara khAte to rAjataMtra bala se Aropita zAsana na bichA pAtA mAnava ke sira para aasn| R.pR.-54. 'rAjya vikAsa' kI prathama kar3I meM bhojana evaM nagara nirmANa kI vyavasthA huyii| devendra ke nirdeza se kubera dvArA nirmita nagara meM yugaloM kA praveza huaa| tarU kI goda meM vizrAma karane vAle mAnava ne cAradIvArI duniyA~ meM svayaM ko sImita kara liyaa| saMyoga se jaMgala meM agni avataraNa ke sAtha hI bhojana pakAne kA mArga prazasta huaa| ukta sthitiyoM ko tRtIya sarga meM udghATita kiyA gayA hai| . cauthA sarga 'samAja racanA' se saMbaMdhita hai| samAja racanA kA dAyitva gurUtara hai| avikasita samAja ko vikAsa ke patha para agrasara karanA sAdhAraNa kAma nahIM hai| atIndriya jJAna se maNDita RSabha ne samAja racanA evaM dainika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hetu kuMbhakAra, lohakAra, sthapita, tantuvAya aura kSaura karma (nApita) zreNI kA vikAsa kiyA, jisase kramazaH AhAra, peyapAtra, khetI ke yantra, gRha nirmANa, vastra nirmANa tathA nakha-keza kartana kI samasyA samApta huyii| yugala akarma yuga se karmayuga meM praveza kara rahe the| RSabha ne bhojana ke lie 'kRSi', surakSA ke lie 'asi' tathA zikSA ke lie 'masi' vidhA kA vikAsa kiyaa| eka 81

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rAjA ke rUpa meM RSabha kA jIvana mahAn, janapriya, saMyamI evaM kalyANakArI thaa| nArI zikSA ke rUpa meM RSabha rAjya Aja bhI prAsaMgika hai| unhoMne apanI putriyoM ko lipi evaM gaNita kA jJAna dekara jahA~ zikSA kA pracAra prasAra kara zikSA jagata meM nArI kA pradeya sunizcita kiyA, vahIM putroM ko zabda zAstra, chaMda zAstra, mAnava maNi, pazu lakSaNa kA jJAna dekara, zikSA kA vistAra kiyaa| vartamAna yuga meM artha jagata kA vikAsa hone ke bAvajUda bhI nArI zikSA ke kSetra meM pIche he, usake sAtha nyAya nahIM ho pA rahA hai, jabaki mAnavI evaM sRjana ke mUla meM hone ke nAte zikSA kA adhikAra use prathamataH honA cAhie thaa| nizcita hI 'nArI zikSA evaM nArI jAgaraNa ke saMdarbha meM purUSa pradhAna samAja dvArA usake sAtha nyAya nahIM huaa| nArI azikSA kI isa pIr3A ko jhelatI huI purUSa varga ke zoSaNa evaM atyAcAra ko sahatI rhii| pazu pakSI zikSita ho sakate, phira nArI kI kauna kathA, dIrghakAla ajJAna tamasa kI, jhelI usane mauna vythaa| R.pR.-67 zikSA dIkSA ke pUrNa prasAra se logoM meM apane parAe kA bhAva vikasita huA, jisase samAja meM apanepana kI navInadhArA baha calI : mama mAtA mama pitA sahodaya, merI patnI merA putra merA ghara hai merA dhana hai saghana huA mamatA kA sUtra R.pR.-68. ekAeka kalpavRkSoM ke asahayoga se kSudhA kI samasyA ghraaii| RSabha ne yugaloM ko svAvalambana kI sIkha dete hue karma ke lie prerita kiyA : karmabhUmi kA prANa karma hai, A~koM ina hAthoM kA muuly| R.pR.-70 RSabha ke karmavAda ke upadeza se yugaloM kA paurUSa jAgRta huaa| saba

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hAthoM kA mUlya samajha 'karma' ke lie tatpara hue| yugaloM ke kaThina parizrama se dharatI para cAroM ora hariyAlI hI hariyAlI dikhAI dene lgii| zrama sArthaka huaa| bhaya aura bhUkha kI duzcintAe~ samApta huii| sabake hoThoM para nirbhayatA evaM pUrNatA kI muskAna tairane lgii| pariNAma sukhada rhaa| isa prakAra yugaloM ne akarmayuga se karmayuga meM praveza kiyaa| isa amUlya vANI ne phUMkA, abhaya aura paurUSa kA mNtr| hAtha aura AjIva madhya meM, AsthApita jIvana kA taMtra / usakA phala pahanA dharatI ne, pravara harita zATI pridhaan| atikrAMta bhaya Aja bhUkha kA, sabake hoThoM para muskaan| R.pR.-70 rAjA kA prathama dAyitva hai rAjya kI sudRr3ha vyavasthA karate hue nAgarikoM kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna krnaa| RSabha ne rAjya vyavasthA ke saMcAlana hetu ugra bhoja, rAjanya evaM kSatriya zreNI kA gaThana kara lokakalyANakArI rAjya kI nIMva rkhii| yahA~ kavi ne RSabha kI sudRr3ha rAjya vyavasthA ke mAdhyama se vartamAna rAjya vyavasthA samakSa yakSa prazna khar3A kiyA hai .... sAtha hI rAjA meM kyA guNa hone cAhie, isakI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai| yadi rAjA, prajA ko AjIvikA ke sAdhana upalabdha karane meM samartha nahIM hotA aura na hI janakalyANakArI yojanAeM lAgU karatA hai| to vaha rAjA, prajA ke lie pIr3AdAyaka aura rAjya ke lie bhAra svarUpa hotA hai| vartamAna saMdarbha meM nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ prAsaMgika haiM :-- janahita sAdhana meM na nirata hai kevala DhotA pada kA bhAra vaha kyA rAjA, vaha kyA netA usase pIr3ita hai saMsAra janatA se adhikAra prApta kara nahIM kabhI karatA upakAra R.pR.-71. svaccha prazAsana kA sUtrapAta rAjA dvArA tabhI kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba vaha svayaM anuzAsita ho| binA anuzAsana ke prazAsana zoSaka, ucchRkhala evaM niraMkuza hotA hai, jisase janatA upekSita evaM pIr3ita rahatI hai| RSabha kA zAsana 1101

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rAjya para hI nahIM balki prajA ke manomaya dharAtala para bhI vikasita thaa| usa samaya atikramaNa, chInAjhapaTI ke atirikta gaMbhIra aparAdha nahIM hote the, jisa kAraNa RSabha ne 'vAcika' daNDa kA niyojana kiyA thaa| kAlAntara meM jJAna ke kSetra me vikasita mAnava ne Arthika yuga meM praveza kiyA, aparAdha bar3he, jisake niyamana hetu utpIr3aka daNDa vidhAna kA sRjana huaa| usa samaya aparAdha zUnyatA kA kAraNa vyakti kA AtmAnuzAsana arthAt mastiSka para hRdaya kA niyaMtraNa thA kiMtu Aja isa bauddhika yuga meM hRdaya kA daravAjA hI baMda hai| yA yoM kaheM mastiSka pakSa sakriya hai, hRdaya pakSa nisskriy| mastiSka kI yaha sakriyatA hRdaya kI saMvedanazIlatA ko zunya kara svayaM mAnava-mAnava ke lie mAnasika pIDA va mAnasika tanAva tathA anya asAdhya rogoM kA kAraNa banI haI hai : hI se dhI anuzAsita hotI, zrI bar3hatI hai apane Apa, kevala bauddhika saMvardhana se, bar3hatA hai mAnasa saMtApa R.pR.-74. vaMsatotsava se pA~cave sarga kA prAraMbha hotA hai 'bharatarAjyAbhiSeka' kA dRzya hai| prakRti kA carama sauMdarya AbhAkArI hai| puSpa AbharaNoM se susajjita bAlAoM kA sauMdarya paramazAMti kA saMdeza de rahA hai| madhu maMthara gati se anila pravahamAna hai| saMpUrNa pariveza suvAsita evaM mAMgalika hai| pUrA samAja sukha kI saritA meM nimagna hai| aise manomaya pariveza meM puSpa AbharaNa se suzobhita RSabha aise pratIta ho rahe haiM jaise 'puSpavAsa' gRha meM sAkSAta vasanta mUrtita ho gayA ho| isa sarga meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne kathA kA vistAra sAmAnya rUpa se karate hue use darzana, adhyAtma kI U~cAI dI hai| kathya meM vyavahAra aura darzana sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| laukika tathA alaukika dRzya samAnAntara kiMtu drutagati se vikasita ho, ciMtana kA nayA AkAza racate haiN| jagata meM eka ora indriya tRpti janya lokeSaNA hai, to dUsarI ora AtmA ke utthAna kI saMpUrNa prkriyaa| yadi iMdriya sukha paudgalika hai to AtmAnanda apaudglik| pudgala nazvara hai, apudgala anazvara hai| isa pudgala sukha ke lie eka mAnava ke dvArA dUsare mAnava kA 1111

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zoSaNa ghRNita hai| vartamAna yuga kI saccAI ko benakAba karate hue kavi kaha uThate haiM ki : amarabela kA ArohaNa kara, kiyA vRkSa kA zoSa, vaha kaisA prANI jo karatA, para zoSaNa nija poSa, kitanA hAya jugupsita karma lajjita ho jAtI hai zarma R. pR. 80. rUpa meM pratiSThiA, RSabha mahAn AtmAoM kA avatAra soddezya hotA hai| bharata kA rAjyAbhiSeka bAhubalI ko bahalI pradeza tathA zeSa putroM kI rAjA ke ke mahAn, tyAga tathA vairAgya vRtti ko vyakta karatI hai| rAjya kA tyAga, tyAga kI parAkASThA / isa caritra meM AcArya mahAprajJa samAja ko yaha saMdeza denA cAhate haiM ki eka avasthA ke pazcAt apanA uttarAdhikAra sAmarthyavAna putroM ko sauMpa denA cAhie, yaha sAmaMjasya hai pArivArika sAmaMjasya, rAjakIya sAmaMjasya / RSabha kA bharata ko rAjanIti kA sambodha unakA satya aura yathArtha meM jiyA huA saMbodha hai| eka rAjA athavA rAjapramukha ko kaisA honA cAhie, usameM kauna-kauna guNa honA cAhie ? isakI vizada vivecanA vartamAna rAjakIya vyavasthA para eka sazakta AkSepa hai / RSabha kA yaha saMdeza ki rAjA ko ahaMkAra mukta janapriya evaM nyAyI honA cAhie, use yaha bhI dekhanA cAhie ki koI sabala nirbala ko utpIr3ita na kara ske| rAjA ko svayaM arthaalpita evaM jitendriya honA cAhie / AvazyakatAnurUpa viveka sammata nigraha aura anugraha donoM nItiyoM kA janahita meM prayoga karanA cAhie / bhogI yA vilAsI rAjA isa dharatI aura jana ke lie bhArasvarUpa hotA hai : ajitendriya zAsaka viphala aMkahIna jyo zUnya saMyata zAsaka prApta kara hotI dharA prapuNya / -- 12 ..-88

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rAjA ko yaha bhI dekhanA cAhie ki 'rAjya maMDala' se sambandhita saciva athavA maMtrI lobhI na ho, janatA ke prati unake hRdaya meM saMvedanA aura sahAnubhUti hoN| yadi zAsana dvArA janatA kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM hotA to vaha zAsana rAjya ke lie hAniprada hai| RSabha ke rAjanIti saMbodha aura Aja kI rAjanIti kI tulanA kareM to vaha ThIka isake viparIta siddha hogii| RSabha kA saMbodha rAjataMtra meM janataMtrAtmaka zAsana praNAlI ke vikAsa kA divya saMdeza hai| chaThavA~ sarga bhoga aura yoga kA adbhuta AkhyAna hai| atizaya bhoga, sukha suvidhA se samAja meM saMgharSa aura kalaha kA janma hotA hai| bhoga kI vRtti yoga mArga se hI saMyamita ho sakatI hai| saMyama aura tyAga yoga kI prathama kar3I hai| bhoga aura yoga kA pariNAma nimnalikhita uddharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| R.pR.-97. ikSurasamaya anAsevita, sarasatA saprANa hai, aura sevita virasa banatA mAtra tvaka niSprANa hai, cetanA jAgRta purUSa vaha dekhatA pariNAma ko, / suptamAnava purUSa kevaladekhatA hai kAma ko| "RSabha dIkSA" meM keza laiMcana kI prakriyA bAhya sauMdarya ke tyAga kI prakriyA hai| bAhya sauMdarya jitanA hI saMkucita hotA jAtA hai, Antarika pradeza meM utanA hI nikhAra AtA jAtA hai| nimnalikhita paMktiyoM me gaMbhIra saMdeza hai dharma, saMyama aura muni kA artha pada ajJAta hai| zabda kA saMsAra sArA artha kA anujAta hai| R.pR.-94. yoga eka AMtarika prakriyA hai| 'AtmA' kA darzana athavA usakI divya anubhUti, 'cetanA' ko urdhvagAmI karane se hI ho sakatI hai| paMtajali ne bhI yoga kI saMpUrNa vyAkhyA kI hai| cetanA kA urdhvagamana 'yoga' evaM adhogamana 'bhoga' hai| saMsAra meM rahate hue sAMsArika dhAraNAoM se mukti yoga hai| vastutaH yaha zarIra yoga aura bhoga donoM kA kendra bindu hai| indriyA~ vyakti ko bhoga kI ora pravRtta karatI haiM kintu sAdhaka satata iMdriya nigraha evaM prANAyAma kI kriyA se sahastrAra meM sthita sahastra kamala daloM kA sparza kara AtmAnanda kI anubhUti karane 13]

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lagatA hai| AtmAnanda kI upalabdhi yoga kI carama avasthA hai| Aja kI isa bhautikavAdI duniyA~ meM bhogavAda se panapI vyakti kI lAlasA, lipsA kA zamana mAtra yoga se hI saMbhava hai| cetanA kI vimalatA ne kamaladala ko chU liyaa| Atma varcasa vedikA para jala uThA avicala diyaa| R.pR.-102 sAtaveM sarga meM 'akSaya tRtIyA' ke mahatva kA niSpAdana kiyA gayA hai| isameM RSabha kI kaThora sAdhanA evaM unake ziSyoM kI sAdhanA se 'vicalana' kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| indriyAtIta mana bhUkha-pyAsa, iMdriya sajagatA se pare antarAtmA kA dvAra kholatA hai| mana ko sAdhane athavA niyaMtrita karane kI sAdhanA yoga se hI saMbhava hai| yoga meM bhUkha-pyAsa, nIMda ke lie koI sthAna nahIM, vaha to jAgaraNa kI adbhuta prakriyA hai| udarajIvi vyakti ke lie sAdhanA kA paMtha agama hotA hai, roTI ke prati AsthA, chadma sAdhakoM athavA pAkhaMDiyoM kA utsa hai, kyoMki vyathA bhUkha kI vacana agocara, kara detI hai zraddhA kA khaNDa roTI se abhibhava AsthA kA hotA, taba calatA paakhNdd| R.pR.-113. vartamAna pariveza meM ukta kathana prAsaMgika hai| kaccha, mahAkaccha sahita zeSa muniyoM kA yoga mArga se vicalana aindriya prabalatA ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| Atma sAkSAtkAra bhautika jagata ke tyAga evaM AMtarika jagata ke pariSkAra se hI sambhava hai| Atma sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAta priya apriya kA bheda tirohita ho jAtA hai : cAha nahIM hai, rAha vahIM hai, satya kahIM aspaSTa nhiiN| zuddha cetanA ke anubhava meM, priya apriya kA kaSTa nhiiN| R.pR.-115. zarIra bAhya rUpa kA pradarzana hai, to AtmA Antarika rUpa kaa| Atma sattA ke prakAzana ke lie zarIra sattA bhI Avazyaka hai, zarIra mArga hai, AtmA mNjil| jIvanAdhAra ke lie zarIra Avazyaka hai| zarIra kI upekSA athavA zarIra | 14 /

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ko pIr3A denA aikAntika sAdhanA hai, jo hitakara nhiiN| satya pAradarzI hotA hai| zarIra bhI satya hai, AtmA bhI satya hai| satya donoM hai, bheda unakI sthiti meM hai| zreSTha sAdhanA vaha hai jo svayaM jAgRti kI dazA meM rahate hue loka ko jAgRta kare, isake lie zarIra kA calAyamAna honA Avazyaka hai| dharma cakra kA vikAsa loka meM tabhI hogaa| anekAMtavAda matAgraha se pare saMtulana evaM vyavasthA kA nAma hai : kevala kRza karanA vapu ko hai prasphuTa hI aikAMtika vAda poSaNa aura tapasyA meM hI anekAMta saMbhava sNvaad| R. pR. -116. RSabha kA 'AhAra' ke lie cakramaNa AdhyAtmika, sAMskRtika jAgRti kA cakramaNa hai| yaha tyAga se yoga aura yoga se 'loka' ko jAgRti dene kA saMdeza hai| sAdhita virakta AtmA sahaja hI lokAsakta jana kI bhAvanA ko mor3a sakatI hai| 'pAraNA' to eka bahAnA hai| sahI mAyane meM yaha 'pAraNA' AtmasAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt AtmA kA svAgata hai| dUsarI ora dharma pravartana kA saMketa bhii| AhAra cakramaNa ke samaya nAgarikoM dvArA svarNa, nAnA prakAra ke maNi, azva, gaja tathA snigdha bhojana ke samarpaNa kI ora unakA koI dhyAna nhiiN| ve mauna va prazAMta bhAva se Age bar3ha jAte haiN| ve niravadya azana cAhate hai| 'niravadya azana' se zuddha evaM ahiMsaka vicAra panapate haiN| bhojana se 'vicAra' prabhAvita hote haiM, yA yoM kaheM bhojana ke anurUpa vicAra Dhalate haiM isalie "uddiSTa' azana bhI varjita hai| ye varjanAe~ ahiMsA ke vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka haiM : jala, suzIta apakva varjita, azana jo uddiSTa hai| para ahiMsA sAdhanA meM dRSTa para aspRSTa hai|| R.pR.-119 svapna darzana ke pazcAt zreyAMsa dvArA RSabha kI 'pAraNA' hetu ikSurasa kA dAna mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki vaha 'niravadya' hai| yaha 'pAraNA' divasa bhaviSya meM akSaya tRtIyA ke parva ke rUpa meM khyAta huaa| 'akSaya tRtIyA ke nAma se vizruta vaha mahAn parva tyAga-tapomaya jaina saMskRti kA svayaMbhU sAkSya banA huA hai| usa dina varSItapa 15]

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karane vAle saikar3oM hajAroM bhAI-bahina apane tapa ko sotsAha saMpanna karate haiM aura nava varSa ke lie tapa abhikrama kA saMkalpa lete haiN| baizAkha zuklA tRtIyA kA yaha dina bhagavAna RSabha kI smRti ko jIvanta banAe hue haiN|7) AThaveM sarga meM 'kevala jJAnopalabdhi' kA aMkana hai| RSabha kA takSazilA evaM ayodhyA ke ramaNIka udyAnoM meM 'vihAra' kA uddezya janajAgaraNa hai| yaha zuddhAcaraNa ke dvArA dharma pravartana kI kriyA hai| mAnava kA udyAnoM, jaMgaloM se lagAva paryAvaraNika utthAna kI dazA hai| mAnava ke dvArA prakRti kA divya svAgata usake pragAr3ha saMbaMdhoM kA svAgata hai| prANI aura paryAvaraNa eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, mAnava aura tarU meM sthiti kA bheda hai aura koI bheda nhiiN| mAnava aura tarU kA saMbaMdha sahaja hai| Aja ke pariveza meM jaba vanoM kA kSaraNa ho rahA ho taba AcArya mahAprajJa kI nimnalikhita paMktiyAM vicAraNIya ho jAtI hai : mAnava karatA tarU se pyAra, tarU usakA jIvana AdhAra bodhi-udaya meM sutarU nimitta nirmala lezyA nirmala citta R.pR.-141. bhaviSya meM mahAvIra, mahAtmA buddha jaise manISI vRkSa kI saMgati se hI AtmajJAna ke svAmI hue| vRkSa AtmajJAna ke vAhaka haiM, unakI chAyA meM nirmala karma athavA nirmala lezyA kA prasphuTana hotA hai, jisase aMtaHkaraNa kI zuddhi hotI haiN| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM iMdriyoM kA pratyAhAra anivArya hai| kAma, krodha, mada, lobha, mAyA Adi manovikAra sAdhanA meM bAdhaka hai| ina manobhAvoM ke saMyamita hote hI Atmaloka kA darzana hotA hai tathA AtmA kA pUrNa prakAza phaila jAtA hai| kavi ne Atma darzana ke rahasya ko nimna rUpa se spaSTa kiyA hai : AvaraNoM kA vilaya azeSa aMtarAya kA rahA na leza sakala strota huA cit-strota, kaNa-kaNa se nikalA prdyot| R.pR.-144 161

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nauveM sarga meM 'Atma- siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa sarga hai / meM mA~ marUdevA ke rUpa meM putra ke prati mamatAmayI mA~ kA vAtsalya rUpa nikharA putra ke prati mAtA kI ciMtA sahaja hai, sabhI bhAvoM se anUThA bhAva mAtRtva bhAva hI hai : mA~ bachar3e ke pIche calatI, mAtA kevala mAtA hai| navajIvana ke Adi kAla meM, eka mAtra vaha trAtA hai| R. pR. 149. mAtA jIvana kI nirmAtrI aura usake loka darzana kA mahatvapUrNa kAraNa hai| 'zakaTamukha' udyAna meM RSabha kI AbhAmaMDala ko dekhakara gajArUr3ha mA~ marUdevA ke mana kA laukika bhrama jaise TUTa gayA, ve tanmaya ho gayI, tatkSaNa unakI AtmacetanA jAgRta ho gayI - saMbodhana nija ko udbodhana apanA darpaNa apanA bimba / mAyA kA darzana vismaya kara, nabha meM ravi jala meM pratibimba / yaha dharma pravartana kA hI rUpa hai| yaha yoga kI bhAva dazA hai / tanmayatA kI isa sthiti meM cinmaya parama AtmAnaMda kI divya anubhUti hai, kaivalya kI carama pratIti hai / AtmA ke darzana se mA~ marUdevA prathama kevalI huI / zarIra jar3avat karmabaMdha se mukta ve prathama 'siddhA' ke rUpa meM bhI sthApita huI / dharma pravartana kA prabhAva parilakSita huA / pazcAt RSabha ne tatvajJAna kA upadeza diyA deha aura videha tatva do, nazvara deha anaMta videha, deha janamatA, maratA hai vaha, amRta ajanmA sadA videha / R. pR. - 157. isa sarga meM Atma siddhAnta kI vizada vivecanA kavi ne RSabha ke dvArA kI hai, 'AtmA paramAtmA kA upAdAna satya, ziva aura suMdara hai / ' yaha atisUkSma parama caitanya hai, 'maiM' 'hU~' kI anubhUti AtmA kI parama sattA ko vyakta karatI hai| iMdriyA~ jahA~ apane sthUla svarUpa meM dRzyajagata ke viSaya vikAroM kI ora saMketa karatI hai, vahIM amUrta rUpa meM sthApita AtmA apanI caitanya dazA kA avabodha detI hai / karma, kriyA aura punarjanma kA AtmA se vizeSa sambandha hai / ' (pRSTha - 158-159) 17

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sRSTi meM hiMsAtmaka aura ahiMsAtmaka donoM pravRttiyAM sakriya haiN| donoM meM saMgharSa cala rahA hai| jahAM hiMsA kI prabalatA se prANI kA rakta bahatA hai vahIM ahiMsA kI varSA se mAnava meM prANimAtra ke prati karUNA, prema, AsthA, vizvAsa Adi sukomala vRttiyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| cakraratna kI utpatti jahAM hiMsA kA vAhaka hai, vahIM RSabha kA saMyama mArga ahiMsA kaa| zakti kA pradarzana hiMsA hai, to usakA mArgAntarIkaraNa ahiNsaa| dasaveM, gyArahaveM sarga meM divya cakraratnoM se susajjita bharata kA digvijaya abhiyAna citrita hai| divya astra-zastra tathA vizAla senA se susajjita bharata kI vizvavijaya kI kAmanA mahatvAkAMkSI nareza kI kAmanA hai, jo anacAhe yuddha ko AmaMtraNa de anya kI svataMtratA bAdhita kara raktapAta karatI hai| girijanoM se yuddha, nami-vinami evaM vizva ke anya rAjAoM se yuddha bharata ke rAjya vistAra kI lipsA ko pradarzita karatI hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai| kAlAntara meM vizva stara para jitane bhI yuddha hue, raktapAta yA hiMsAtmaka gatividhiyA~ huyI haiM, usake mUla meM mahatvAkAMkSA kI ghora lipsA hI rahI hai| mAnava dvArA yaha hiMsaka yuddha Aja bhI jArI hai| bhISaNa mAraka yaMtroM kA ghaTATopa vizva stara para Ayudha ratnoM kI bhA~ti Aja bhI mAnava kI prANa saMjIvanI ko sokha rahA hai| 'mahatvAkAMkSA' tatkAla zAMta nahIM hotii| rizte saMbaMdha usake samakSa tuccha hote haiN| bArahaveM sarga meM aThAnave bhAIyoM ko apanI adhInatA kabUla karane ke lie bharata bAdhya karate haiN| unakI do zarte haiM - 'sevA' athavA 'yuddh'| RSama kI preraNA se aThAnaveM bhAI yuddha se virata ho, paramapada sAdhanA ke lie prerita hote haiM, jisa kAraNa bhAI-bhAI meM hone vAlA vinAzaka yuddha thama jAtA hai| RSabha kahate haiM : saMbujjhaha kiM no no bujjhaha! AMko tuma isa kSaNa kA mUlya nRpa pada durlabha bodhi sudurlabha kyA maNi maNi saba hote tulya ? R.pR.-197 18 ]

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'nRpapada' 'durlabha' kiMtu kSaNika hai / 'Atmapada' 'sudurlabha' kintu zAsvata hai| 'Atmastha' loka meM 'abaMdhu' kA rUpAntaraNa 'baMdhu' bhAva meM hotA rahatA hai| jo prANi-prANi ke prati samatA ke udaya kA kAraNa banatA hai :-- isa surAjya meM bana jAtA hai, jo abaMdhu vaha sahasA baMdhu / lokarAjya kI mahimA dekho kaise banatA baMdhu abaMdhu ? R. pU. - 200 loka meM 'bhoga' hai, aloka meM 'tyAga' / bhoga meM 'zeSa' hai yAnI sAMsArika tRSNA hai abhAva hai kiMtu tyAga meM 'azeSa' hai, pUrNatA hai| Atma saMtuSTi hai / kavi kI yaha tAtvika dRSTi prazaMsanIya hai : parama astra hai tyAga anuttara, prazna na koI rahatA zeSa bhoga zeSa kI gaMgotrI hai, jaga meM kevala tyAga azeSa R. pU. -202. terahaveM sarga meM suMdarI dIkSAgrahaNa tathA bharata ke 'AtmAlocana' kI tAtvika vivecanA kI gayI hai / isa sarga meM AtmA ke caitanya svarUpa kI mImAMsA tathA bharata ke Atma ciMtana ko ubhArA gayA hai| caudahaveM sarga ke prAraMbha meM bharata dvArA kiye gaye Atmalocana kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai kiMtu idhara cakraratna kI nagara meM bAhara sthira rahane kI sthiti yuddha kI nayI pIThikA taiyAra kara rahI hai / bharata yuddha nahIM cAhate kiMtu senApati suSeNa kI kUTanIti unheM yuddha karane ke lie tatpara karatI hai| bhAI se bhAI ke yuddha kI dhAraNA kitanI dAhaka hotI hai, use isa sarga meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| bAhubalI svataMtratA ke pakSadhara, parAkramI va gauravazAlI paramparA ke vAhaka haiM, to bharata - vinAzaka bhUmi ke sarjaka / dUta preSaNa meM yadi eka meM adhInatA svIkAra na karane ke badale yuddha kI pUrva pIThikA nirmita ho gayI / paMdrahave sarga kA prAraMbha bAhubalI ke dUta suvega ke praveza evaM bharata ke AtmanirIkSaNa se prAraMbha hotA hai| bharata kI bAlapana kI smRti unheM bAhubalI kI zakti se AMtakita kara detI hai, ve socate haiM - hai kauna bAhubalI ke bala kA vijJAtA, bhrUbhaMga dazA meM kauna banegA trAtA ? 19

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anubhUta satya ko kaise maiM jhuThalAU~ ? kaise maiM sabako mana kI bAta batAU ? R.pR.-246. bharata kA aMtardvadva aura bhI saghana hotA hai, svayaM ko yuddha kA kAraNa mAnate hue ve isa satya ko svIkAra karate haiM - yadi bharata manasa meM raNa kA bIja na botA to samara bhUmi meM bahalIzvara kyoM hotA ? aba phasala kATane kI hogI taiyArI hai tIna loka se raNa kI mathurA nyArI jaba bhAI-bhAI ke zoNita kA pyAsA taba senA se kyA ho maitrI kI AzA ? mAnava mAnava ko ghAyala kara khuza hotA mAnavatA ghAyala hotI bhUdhara rotA R.pR.-250. yaha balavAna ke mana meM usase bhI adhika balavAna kA bhaya hai, sAtha hI eka saMdeza bhI ki yuddha meM mAnavatA kA hI saMhAra hotA hai, jisase acala himAlaya bhI prakaMpita ho jAtA hai| ___ solahaveM sarga meM 'bharata bAhubalI yuddha' varNita hai| donoM bhAIyoM kI senAe~ Amane-sAmane yuddha ke lie sannaddha hai| eka ora cakraratnoM kA surakSAkavaca to dUsarI ora vidyAdharoM kI saMhAraka vidyaa| bhayAnaka yuddha huaa| donoM pakSoM ke asaMkhya sainika mAre ge| isa bhISaNa saMgrAma meM kabhI bharata kI senA vicalita hotI to kabhI bAhubalI kii| isa samarAMgaNa meM, vijayazrI kA varaNa kauna karegA? kahanA muzkila thaa| aisA hI yuddha kAlAntara meM 'mahAbhArata' ke nAma se jAnA gayA, vaha yuddha bhI eka hI vaMza ke madhya lar3A gayA thaa| yuddha kI saMskRti evaM mAnyatA hI alaga hai jise nimna paMktiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai :-- vadha karane vAlA aparAdhI, mAnA jAtA hai srvtr| yuddha bhUmi meM zata-zata ghAtI, bana jAtA vIroM kA chtr| R.pR.-262 aura yaha bhI - 20

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yuddha zAstra ke zabdakoza meM, karUNA pada kA nipaTa abhAva / utanA yaza jitanA vairI ke, ura meM hotA gaharA ghAva / satrahaveM sarga me ahiMsaka yuddha kI ghoSaNA hotI hai / yaha ahiMsaka yuddha prAkArAntara se RSabha kI preraNA kA pratiphala haiN| yaha ahiMsaka yuddha dvandva yuddha hI hai| jisakA mApadaNDa hai- dRSTi, muSTi, siMhanAda, bAhu evaM yaSTi yuddha / isa sarga meM ukta yuddha kA vizada varNana hai jisameM bharata kI parAjaya hotI hai| pUrNa parAjaya vyakti kI AtmA ko matha detA hai| glAni, mAnasika pIr3A kI sthiti meM vaha nIti, anIti ko nahIM dekhatA / vaise bhI yuddha nItiyoM para nahIM mahatvAkAMkSAoM para lar3A jAtA hai| parAjita bharata dvArA yuddha samApti ke pazcAt bAhubalI para cakraratna kA prakSepaNa unakI 'kuMThA' aura 'parAjayabodha' kI pIr3A ko vyakta karatI hai| aMtataH cakraratna dvArA bAhubalI kI pradakSiNA evaM kucha samaya ke lie unake dakSiNa kara meM usakI sthiti vijayI ke prati pUrNa samarpaNa hai / zakti ke dvArA zakti kA yaha nUtana abhinaMdana hai / punaH bharata ke kara meM cakra kI pratiSThA usakI maryAdA kA utsa hai| badale meM bAhubalI kA bharata ke prati ghAtaka muSTi prahAra ke lie daur3anA kriyA kI pratikriyA hai, jo devoM ke hastakSepa se rokI jA skii| devoM ke tAtvika kathana se bAhubalI kA mana upazAMta ho gayA : 'amRta tatva meM pale puse ho phira kaise mAraka Aveza ? X X R. pR. 264. X muktA kA AMkAkSI hogA mAnasa saravara kA vara haMsa / ' R. pR. 288. bAhubalI meM ciMtana kI dizA badala gayI, ve samarabhUmi tyAga AtmamaMthana hetu jaMgala kI rAha lie / 'sthANuvata' unhoMne ghora tapasyA kI / ahaMkAra kI samApti ke pazcAt RSabha kI kRpA se unheM Atmatatva kA jJAna huA / idhara baMdhu vihIna rAjya bharata ko bhI utpIr3ita karane lgaa| RSabha ke saMbodha se unhoMne bhI AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA : 21

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AtmA kA sAkSAt huA hai, udita huA hai kevala jJAna, sahaja sAdhanA siddha huyI, anAsakti kA yaha avdaan| R.pR.-301 Asakti baMdhana hai aura anAsakti makti - chUTa gayA sAmrAjya sakala aba, nahIM rahA jana kA smraatt| TUTa gaye sImA ke baMdhana, pragaTa huA hai rUpa viraatt| R.pR.-301. sAMsArika duzciMtAoM, baMdhanoM kI mukti ke pazcAt hI AtmA ke virATa rUpa kA darzana saMbhava hai| aMtataH RSabha ke nirvANa ke sAtha hI aTThArahaveM aMtima sarga kA samApana hotA hai| niSkarSataH mahAkAvya kA vastupakSa loka darzana evaM adhyAtma kI pUrNa cetanA se maMDita hai| kavi paga-paga para lokavyavahAra ke sAtha darzana pakSa ko udghATita kara loka kI nityatA evaM AtmA kI pUrNatA ko vyakta karate haiN| yuddha ke bAda virakti, bAhya jagata se aMtarjagat meM praveza karane ko prakriyA hai| saMkaTApanna sthitiyoM se ubArate hue RSabha dvArA pUre parivAra kA AtmasAdhanA ke kendra meM upasthita kara paramazAMti kI upasthApanA kavi kI vicAra saraNi kA uddezya hai| >> netA aura rasa mahAkAvya meM netA athavA nAyaka kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai, vaha keMdrIya pAtra hotA hai| yahI kathAnaka ko vibhinna sthitiyoM ke mAdhyama se aMtima phala yA kArya kI ora le jAtA hai| aMtima phala kI upalabdhi bhI isI se hotI hai| prAcIna AcAryoM ne isake svarUpa aura kArya kI prakalpanA bhI atyanta udAtta rUpa se kI hai| Adarza pradhAnatA ke kAraNa nAyaka ke jina Adarza guNoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, ve isa prakAra haiM - nAyaka namra, suMdara, tyAgI, kuzala, priyabhASI, bhASaNa-paTu, zuddha svabhAva, lokapriya, sthira citta, kulIna, yuvA, sAhasI, buddhimAna, kalAkAra, zUravIra, tejasvI, dhIra svabhAva, tIvra smRti, dhArmika, zAstrajJa aura surUci sampanna honA caahie|

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pAzcAtya nATya zAstra meM nAyaka ke lie aisA koI baMdhana nahIM hai, vaha koI bhI vyakti ho sakatA hai| usake caritra meM dhIre-dhIre svataH hI mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| vaha bhAratIya nAyakoM kI bhA~ti aparAjeya nahIM hotaa| nATya zAstra ke praNetA AcArya bharata ne nAyaka ke cAra bheda mAne haiM - dhIra lalita, dhIra prazasta, dhIrodAtta tathA dhiiroddhtaa| dhIroddhata nAyaka saMskRta nATakoM meM prAyaH sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai| mahAnatA, gaMbhIratA, svabhAva kI sthiratA, UrjasvitA, kSamAvattA, mahAprANatva aura AtmaprazaMsA se virati Adi isake pramukha guNa hai| vinamratA aura nizcaya kI dRr3hatA isake svabhAva kI anivAryatA hai| AcArya dhanaMjaya ne 'dazarUpaka' meM dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke viziSTa gaNoM ke rUpa meM nimnalikhita zloka likhA hai : mahAsatvo ati gaMbhIra, kSamAvAna viktthnH| sthiro nigUr3hA ha~kAro dhIrodAtto dRr3ha vrtH|| 'RSabhAyaNa' mahAkAvya ke mahAnAyaka RSabhadeva haiN| kathA kA saMpUrNa vikAsa vividha ghaTanAoM, dRzyoM ke mAdhyama se unameM hI antarbhUta hotA hai| yaugolika samAja ke vikAsa ke ve AdhAra stambha tathA nispRha bhAva se rAjya vyavasthA ke kuzala zilpI evaM mArgadarzaka haiN| mahAkAvya meM unakA vyaktitva nirahaMkArI, tyAgI, saMyamI, Atmaloka ke sajaga praharI tathA bharata bAhubalI, mA~ marUdevA, brAhmI, suMdarI tathA aTThAnave putroM ko AtmA ke cinmaya svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karAne vAle yogI haiN| unake alaukika vyaktitva kI saMpUrNa chApa RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya meM AsAnI se dekhI jA sakatI hai| RSabhAyaNa meM RSabha ke caritra meM nAyaka kI tulanA meM mahAnAyakatva kI AbhA jhalakatI hai| inakA taTastha jIvana darzana eka mArga pradarzaka ke rUpa meM abhivyakta huA haiN| saMpUrNa kathA inake irda-girda hI ghUmatI hai| rAga, dveSa, pUrvAgraha jaisA koI bhI bhAva inameM dikhAI nahIM detaa| hara koNa se inakA samucita jIvana saMyamapatha kA udAharaNa hai - putroM ke yuddha se inameM kahIM bhI raMcamAtra vicalana kI sthiti nahIM banatI, balki putroM kI digbhramita, udbhrAnta mana ko zAMta kara unake sacce jIvana patha kA pradarzana karate haiN| 1231

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RSabhAyaNa meM RSabha ke jIvana darzana ko mUlataH do rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisameM pahalA hai karmayogI kA rUpa aura dUsarA hai yogI kA ruup| donoM rUpa vikAsa kI hI dazA ko batAte haiN| prathama rUpa samAja evaM rAjya utthAna se saMbaMdhita hai to dUsarA rUpa Atma utthAna se| prathama rUpa meM loka darzana hai to dUsare rUpa meM aatmdrshn| yahA~ isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki karmayoga yoga meM praveza karane kA mArga hai| jIvana meM saMbhUta kSaNoM ko jIne tathA apane saMpUrNa dAyitvoM ke nirvAha ke bAda jaba sahaja vairAgya kA janma hotA hai, tabhI vaha AtmasAkSAtkAra aura AtmAnanda kA kAraNa banatA hai| RSabha kA vairAgya sahaja thA, jisa kAraNa hI ve logoM ko muktimArga dikhalAne meM saphala hue haiN| _mahAkAvyoM meM aneka rasoM kI yojanA hotI hai kintu mUla rasa ke rUpa meM zrRMgAra, vIra athavA zAMta rasa meM se kisI eka rasa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| anya rasa mUla rasa ke sahayogI hote haiN| kavi jaba kisI eka rasa ko sthAyI banA usameM anya rasoM ko samAhita karatA hai to ve rasa mukhya rasa ko dabA nahIM pAte rasAntara samAvezaH prastutasya rasasya yH| nopahantyaDa.natAM so'sya sthAyitve nAva bhAsinaH / (10) mUla rasa kI mahAkAvya meM carama vyApti rahatI hai| anya rasoM se avAntara kathA kA vikAsa hotA hai| RSabhAyaNa meM mukhya rasa ke rUpa meM zAnta rasa kI pratiSThA huI hai| vIra evam anya rasa zAMta rasa ko puSTa karate haiN| pradhAna rasa kA nAyaka ke sAtha pratyakSataH sambandha rahatA hai, prabaMdha kAvya kI kathAvastu meM mUlataH nAyaka ke kArya vyApAra aura upalabdhiyoM kA hI varNana rahatA hai|11) AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya meM rasa nirdhAraNa ke saMbaMdha meM virodhI rasoM kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| vIra, zrRMgAra, raudra, hAsya, bhayAnaka rasa, zAMta rasa ke virodhI haiN| eka hI nAyaka meM inakI yojanA doSapUrNa mAnI jAtI hai| RSabhAyaNa meM nAyaka RSabha kA saMpUrNa caritra zAMta rasa se maMDita hai, virodhI rasoM kA paripAka unameM nahIM huA hai| yuddha ke kSaNoM meM bharata bAhubalI tathA anya pAtra utsAha sthAyI bhAva se maMDita hai| mA~ marUdevA kA RSabha ke prati ciMtA vAtsalya rasa se paripUrNa hai| isa prakAra | 24 //

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ye sabhI rasa mUla rasa ko sahayoga pradAna karate haiN| phalAgama kI sthiti meM vIra paraka bhAvoM kA mArgAntarIkaraNa zAMta rasa ke rUpa meM ho jAtA hai| > pAtra citraNa mahAkAvya meM pAtroM kI bhUmikA aham hotI hai| pAtroM kA sRjana mUlakathA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara hI kiyA jAtA hai| pAtra jitane hI jIvanta hogeM pAThaka para usakA utanA hI prabhAva pdd'egaa| AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke anusAra 'jIvanta pAtra kevala zvAsa-prazvAsa hI nahIM lete, sirpha hamArI bhA~ti nAnA prakAra kI saMvedanAoM kA hI anubhava nahIM karate balki ve Age bar3hate haiM, pIche haTate haiN| apanI udAttavANI aura sphUrti prada kriyAoM se hamAre aMdara Upara uThane kA utsAha bharate haiM, hameM sAtha le calate haiM, umaMgate haiM aura sanmArga para le calane meM jo vighna bAdhAe~ AtI haiM, unheM jItane kA prayAsa karate haiM / (12) AcArya mahAprajJa ne pAtroM ke mAdhyama se mAnava mana ke sukha-dukha, utthAna-patana, rAga-virAga, saMkalpa-vikalpa Adi sthitiyoM kI tarkamaya vivecanA karate hue mAnava jagata ko utthAna kA eka divya saMdeza diyA hai| pAtroM kA citraNa nimnAnusAra kiyA jA sakatA hai : RSabha : RSabha Adi tIrthakara tathA karmayuga ke siMha dvAra ko kholane vAle pahale purUSa haiN| ve mahAkAvya ke mahAnAyaka haiN| inakA vyaktitva virATa evaM vizAla hai| atIndriya jJAna se maNDita inakA svabhAva sahiSNu, prajAvatsala, kArUNika evaM virAgI hai| ye yugapurUSa, taTastha tathA Atmapradeza ke anveSaka haiN| saMpUrNa mahAkAvya meM inake vyakitatva kI carama vyApti hai| parivAra, nagara, samAja, rAjya ke navotthAna evaM navanirmANa meM inakI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| 'netA aura rasa' zIrSaka ke aMtargata RSabha ke caritra ko rekhAMkita kiyA jA cukA hai jisake kAraNa vistAra kA saMvaraNa karanA hI ucita hogaa| 1251

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(2) bharata : bharata RSabha ke jyeSTha putra haiM tathA mahAkAvya meM sahanAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiM / ye komala gAtra ke svAmI tathA ayodhyA ke rAjA hai / zaurya, sAhasa tathA divya Ayudha ratnoM se maNDita cakravartI narezaM banane kI inakI manokAmanA hI vizvayuddha kA kAraNa hai / yuddha aura azAMti eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| vizva ke narezoM ko parAjita karane ke pazcAt bhAIyoM se bharata kA yuddha jahA~ unakI bhartsanA kA kAraNa hai, vahIM yuddha se virata hone kA bhAva bhI hai RSabha - putroM meM kalaha ho, mAnya mujhako hai nahIM / cakra rUThe rUTha jAe, bandhu to vaha hai nahIM / pR. 224. bharata rAjanIti, kUTanIti, vyavahAra nIti meM niSNAta hai / unakI khyAti eka prajApAlaka nareza ke rUpa meM hai kiMtu yuddha ke kSaNoM meM unake dvArA hiMsA kA prasAra, raktapAta, vizva vijaya ke unmAda meM unake AkrAmaka svarUpa ko vyakta karatA hai / bharata ke caritra kA sabase durbala pakSa vahA~ dekhane ko milatA hai jaba bAhubalI se yuddha meM parAjita hone ke pazcAt una para ve cakraratna se prahAra karate haiM / antatogatvA pitA RSabha ke prabhAva ve saMyama mArga grahaNa kara rAjapATa se virata ho sAdhanA ke mArga para agrasara hote haiM isa prakAra mahAkAvya meM RSabha ke pazcAt bharata kA vyaktitva ubharA hai, inameM pUrNarUpeNa nAyakatva ke darzana hote haiM / (3) bAhubalI bAhubalI RSabha ke dvitIya putra evaM 'bahalI' deza ke nareza ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiM / ye zUravIra, karmavIra, prajApAlaka, rASTrapremI, svAbhimAnI tathA virATa vyaktitva ke svAmI haiN| dUradarzitA inameM sahaja rUpa meM parilakSita hotI hai / bharata se yuddha meM unakA zaurya usa samaya dekhate hI banatA hai jaba unake lohadaNDa ke prahAra se bharata AkaMTha jamIna meM dha~sa jAte haiM :-- : magna bhUmi meM bharata kaMTha taka saMbhrama vibhrama kI AvAja lupta ho rahA hai bharatezvara bahalIzvara pahanegA tAja 26 R. pR. 283.

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khAnadAna ke prati mamatva, anurAga kA bhAva unameM AsAnI se dekhA jA sakatA hai yuddhabhUmi meM bhatIje sUryayazA kI surakSA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara ve kahate haiM : ubhara rahA hai prema nayana meM, kara meM hai priyatA kA rakta zastra banA hai komala dhAgA ho jAo sahasA avyakta / *.ch.-266 bharata se bhI bAhubalI yuddha nahIM karanA cAhate haiM, pitA kI 'dohAI' dete hue ve kahate haiM ki : agraja ! soco vyartha ho rahA, kitanA kitanA nara saMhAra / isIlie kyA liyA RSabha ne, satya ahiMsA kA avatAra / R. pR. - 269. svAbhimAna, svataMtratA ke pratikUla ve raMcamAtra bhI samajhautA karane ke lie tatpara nahIM hai isIlie 'bahalI' deza kA pratyeka nAgarika 'parataMtra' zabda se hI cir3hatA hai : svAdhIna cetanA kA palar3A hai bhArI, parataMtra zabda se cir3hatA hara nara-nArI jaisA zAsaka janatA bhI vaisI hotI dIpaka se dIpaka kI pragaTI hai jyoti / R. pR. 245. bAhubalI rAjanIti aura kUTanIti meM paNDita hai / eka prazAsaka ke rUpa meM unameM samatva bhAva hai| lipsA, lobha ke bhAva se ve mukta bhI haiM / yuddha meM bharata ko parAjita karane ke pazcAt cakravartI banane kI koI bhI lAlasA unameM zeSa nahIM, balki ve mAnasika rUpa se parivartita ho RSabha ke prabhAva se Atmadarzana karate hai / mahAkAvya meM bAhubalI kA prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva sahanAyaka ke rUpa meM ubharA / pAThaka ke mana para bharata kI tulanA meM bAhubalI kA prabhAva adhika par3atA hai| bAhubalI prasaMga se hI kathA ko eka adbhuta gati bhI milatI hai / 27

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(4) mA~ marUdevA : mA~ marUdevA RSabha kI mamatAmayI mA~ hai| putra ke prati eka sahaja vAtsalya yA samarpaNa bhAva jo eka mA~ meM hotA hai vaha samarpaNa inameM dekhA jA sakatA hai| rAjyatyAga ke pazcAt saMyama patha kA rAhI banane ke pazcAt RSabha ke prati mA~ kI mamatA dekhane yogya hai : padatrANa nahIM caraNoM meM, patha meM hoMge prastara khaMDa tapatI dharatI, tapatI bAlU, hogA ravi kA tApa prcNdd| R.pR.-148. putra ko ve ulAhanA bhI detI hai : mAtA kI AMkho meM A~sU, putra niThura ho jAte haiN| vismRta mA~ kA poSa haMsa zizu, paMkha uge ur3a jAte haiN| R.pR.-149. 'svapna' darzana ke prati unakI niSThA eka sahaja mAnavI kI niSThA hai| ve patiparAyaNa evaM karUNA kI sAkSAt pratimUrti hai| putra ke dedIpyamAna AbhAmaMDala se prabhAvita ho ve vItarAgatA kI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAtI hai aura 'prathama siddhA' ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho kaivalya kI prApti karatI haiN| mahAkAvya meM inakA varNana nyUna hai kintu prabhAva kI dRSTi se mahat saMdezoM se paripUrNa hai| (5) nAmi : nAbhi RSabha ke pitA haiN| mahAkAvya meM inakI pratiSThA kulakara vyavasthA ke aMtima kulakara ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| ve eka Adarza pitA, Adarza pati tathA Adarza kulakara ke rUpa meM sthApita haiN| karUNA kI bhAvanA se unakA saMpUrNa vyaktitva otaprota hai| anAtha sunaMdA kA pANigrahaNa saMskAra apane putra RSabha se karAkara ve samAja meM Adarza paraMparA kI nIMva to rakhate hI haiM, sAtha hI apane sajaha evaM vinamra svabhAva kA paricaya bhI dete haiN| bhaviSyadarzI, AzAvAdI, sthira tathA caitanya mati unake vyaktitva kI vizeSatA hai| mahAkAvya ke aise kendra meM inakI yojanA huyI hai, jahA~ se eka vyavasthA kA aMta evaM dUsarI vyavasthA rAjya vyavasthA kA janma hotA hai| 28]

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nami - vinami : nami aura vinami RSabha ke pAlita putra haiM / jisa samaya RSabha apane putroM ko rAjya vyavasthA kA dAyitva sauMpa rahe the usa samaya ye donoM yAtrA para the / donoM meM sahajatA aura saralatA hai| sahajatA, saralatA aura svAbhimAna ke bhAva se ye maNDita haiN| RSabha ke prati unameM AsthA evaM paripUrNa vizvAsa hai / rAjya kI kAmanA hai, kintu ve rAjya bharata se nahIM RSabha se prApta karanA cAhate haiM / ulAhanA ke svara meM sAdhanArata RSabha se ve kahate haiM : (6) do saMvibhAga o! kaise hameM visArA ? kaise badalA yaha AkAzI dhruvatArA ? R. pR. 122. gaurI aura prajJapti vidyA se maMDita nami aura vinami vidyAdhara bhI hai / dharaNa dvArA pradatta vidyAoM ke bala para himAlaya para ye apanA sAmrAjya sthApita karate haiN| svataMtratA ke ye pakSadhara haiM jaisA ki bharata dvArA bheje gaye yuddha ke prastAva para nami - vinami kahate haiM 'apanI svataMtratA lagatI sabako pyArI kyA dAvAnala meM khilatI kezara kyArI ?" bharata ke prati unake hRdaya meM sammAna bhAva hai, kiMtu svAbhimAna ke khilApha ve samajhautA nahIM karanA cAhate aura yuddha meM pravRtta hote haiM / yuddha meM nami aura vinami kI parAjaya bhale hI hotI hai, kiMtu vidyA maNDita unakA zaurya pradarzana adbhuta hai / apane rAjya ko nami aura vinami ne athaka parizrama se vikasita rAjya ke rUpa meM nirmita kiyA hai / kathA meM inakI yojanA eka mahatvapUrNa pAtra ke rUpa meM huI hai jo 'Ahava saMskRti' se prabhAvita to hote haiM, kiMtu apanI rAjanIti va kUTanIti se bharata se saMdhi kara rAjya kA saMcAlana karate haiN| (7) brAhmI evaM suMdarI : brAhmI evaM suMdarI RSabha kI putriyA~ haiM, jo sarvaguNa sampanna / sAdagI, tyAga se maNDita inakA jIvana daidIpyamAna hai| donoM kramazaH 'lipinyAsa' evaM 'gaNita zAstra' kI viduSI haiN| rAjya meM vidyA ke pracAra-prasAra evaM janajAgRti meM inakI 29

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mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| pitRbhakti kI bhAvanA se ye pUrNa rUpeNa maNDita haiM / japa, tapa kA sauMdarya hI inake jIvana kA sauMdarya hai / antatogatvA RSabha se donoM dIkSA lekara adhyAtma mArga para kadama bar3hAtI huyI AtmasAkSAtkAra karane meM saphala hotI hai| (8) aTThAnabe putra : RSabha ke aTThAnabe putroM kI kathAnaka vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA haiM / pitA kA pUrNarUpeNa prabhAva ina para dikhAI detA hai / bharata dvArA ayAcita yuddha kA saMkaTa upasthita ho jAne para ve pitA ke saMbodha se yuddha se virata ho AtmajJAna kI sAdhanA meM lIna ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra ukta pAtroM ke atirikta kaccha, mahAkaccha, kubare, munigaNa, dharaNa, zreyAMsa, udyAnapAla yayaka, AyudhazAlA, rakSaka - zamaka, panihArina, meghamukha, niyogI, sUryayazA, indra, senApati - suSeNa, maMtrI, dUta, praharI Adi pAtroM kI yojanA mahAkAvya meM huyI hai, jo apanI prastuti se kathAnaka ko zIrSa taka pahu~cAne meM apanA mahatvapUrNa sahayoga pradAna karate haiN| isa mahAkAvya meM meghamukha, kubera, indra, lokantika deva Adi daivI pAtroM kI yojanA isa bAta ko batAtI hai ki Atma sAdhanA meM lIna RSabha kI sevA meM ye daivI mAtra rata haiM, jisa kAraNa jaina dhAraNAoM kI bhI puSTi hotI hai / saMvAda saMvAda nATaka kA pramukha tatva hai| saMvAdoM ke dvArA jahA~ eka ora kathAnaka ko gati milatI haiN| vahIM dUsarI ora pAtroM ke cAritrika guNa-doSoM, AcAra-vyavahAra, manobhAvoM, sAmAjika sthiti evaM vAtAvaraNa kI jAnakArI bhI milatI hai| 'nATaka' mahat uddezya ko dhyAna meM rakha kara sRjita hotA hai / mahAkAvya kA lakSya bhI virATa evaM mahAna hotA hai| donoM jIvana kI saMpUrNatA ko vyakta karate haiN| nATaka meM saMvAda ke nimnalikhita cAra kArya hote haiM : (1) kathAvastu ko agrasara karanA / ( 2 ) caritra citraNa meM sahAyaka honA / 30

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(3) vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi krnaa| (4) lekhaka ke uddezya kI abhivyakti krnaa|(13) RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya meM saMvAdoM kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| isameM prayukta saMvAda kathAsUtra ko gatimayatA hI pradAna nahIM karate, tathyoM evaM samasyAoM ko ujAgara kara usakA nidAna bhI karate haiN| saMvAdoM ke dvArA kavi kI vaicArika avadhAraNA pAThaka para apanI amiTa chApa chor3atI huI bhaviSya kA adbhuta saMketa detI hai| RSabha janma ke pUrva svapna vRtta ke pariprekSya meM mA~ marUdevA aura nAbhi kA vArtAlApa, kutUhala evaM jijJAsA se paripUrNa hai| svapana darzana ke pazcAt harSita patnI ko upasthita dekhakara nAbhi pUchate haiM : bolo kyoM AI ho isa kSaNa, harSa taraMgita kaNa-kaNa meM kalpavRkSa kyA uga AyA hai, jIvana ke nava prAMgaNa meM! R.pR.-33. mA~ marUdevA mAnasa paTala para aMkita svapna bimba ko prastuta karanA cAhatI hai, kintu usa divya svapna bimba ko ve vANI ke dvArA vyakta karane meM asamartha haiM - mA~ marUdevA kahatI hai : anubhava ko upalabdha na vANI, vANI anubhava zUnya sadA, kaise vyakta karUM anubhava ko, yaha kSaNa AtA ydaa-kdaa| R.pR.-34 anubhUti ko zabdoM ke dvArA vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki anubhava kA saMbaMdha Antarika pradeza se hai, marma se hai| vANI se bAhya pradeza kA vyAkhyAna hotA hai| isalie jisa dRzya yA bhAva kI anubhUti hotI hai, use hUbahU usI rUpa meM prastuta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jahA~ nAbhi aura marUdevA ke saMvAda kramazaH unakI jijJAsA aura harSa ko vyakta karate haiM, vahIM dAmpatya jIvana kI priyatA kA saMdeza bhI dete haiN| mRtyu zAzvata hai, sanAtana hai priyajanoM ke mahAviyoga kI pIr3A hRdaya ke saMpUrNa bAMdhoM ko tor3a mahAzoka kI ajastra dhArA pravAhita kara detI hai| nara yugala kI mRtyu ke pazcAt sunandA pitA se kahatI hai : - 1311

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murajhAyA suma nahIM khilegA, tAt mRtyu kA artha yahI, . yA unmeSa-nimeSa-cakra hai? kyA yaha dhArA sadA bhii| R.pR.-41. eka puSpa khilaneko Atura, binA khile hI calA gayA, pitA! kahAM aba merA bhAI? mujhe chor3a kyoM calA gayA? R.pR.-41. merA bhAI kahA~ hai ? vaha mujhe chor3a kyoM calA gayA? yaha prazna saMbaMdhoM kI priyatA kA prazna hai| yadyapi sunandA mRtyu kA Azaya samajhatI hai ki 'jo phUla murajhA gayA vaha dubArA nahIM khilegA' phira bhI vaha 'tAt mRtyu kA artha yahI' kathana para bala de mRtyu ke rahasya se pUrNataH avagata ho jAnA cAhatI hai| yahA~ kavi kI dArzanikatA vyakta huI hai| pitA dvArA janma-mRtyu ke rahasya kA udghATana abhUtapUrva hai : lahara sindhu meM uThatI-miTatI, phira uThatI phira miTa jaatii| janma mRtyu kI yahI kahAnI, jalatI-bujhatI hai baatii| R.pR.-42. saMvAdoM meM jahA~ jahA~ bhI vaicArika tathya kA udghATana huA hai vahA~-vahA~ pAtroM ke vArtAlApa ke bIca kavi kI sahaja upasthiti dekhI jA sakatI hai| duHkha aura sukha sikke ke do pahalU haiN| dukhAtmaka anubhUti se sukha kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| laharoM kI utpatti janma aura laharoM kA vinAza mRtyu hai| yaha prakRti kI naimittika kriyA hai| janma sukhAtmaka hai aura mRtyu dukhaatmk| jIvana meM donoM kA krama anivArya hai-yahI parivartana hai aura yahI jIvana kI kssnnbhNgurtaa| azaraNa ko zaraNa denA bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatA hai, kiMtu eka nArI dvArA anya nArI ko apane pati se vivAha kI anumati denA anUThA hai| anAtha sunandA kI durvaha avasthA ko dekhakara yugalagaNa use RSabha kI patnI ke rUpa meM nAbhi se svIkRti cAhate haiN| yahA~ yugalagaNa, nAbhi aura sumaMgalA ke vArtAlApa meM sAmAjikatA dAyitva nirvAha evaM kalyANa kI bhAvanA dikhAI detI hai yugalagaNa-anunaya-vinaya hamArA prabhuvara! bAlA Aja zaraNya bane, pArasamaNi kA sparza prApta kara, miTTI puNya hiraNya bne| bane RSabha kI pravarA patnI, eka nayA AyAma khule| R.pR.-44. 1321

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nAbhi - hai sundara prastAva tumhArA, sacamuca mana ko bhAtA hai| bolo, jaTila samaya meM kaise, isa ulajhana ko prazraya deN| R.pR.-45. svasti-svasti, para eka samasyA, yugala hamArA jIvana hai| sahajanmA hai sumaMgalA yaha, dekheM, isakA kyA mana hai ? R.pR.-46. sumaMgalA- pitA! parama saMtoSa mujhe yadi, isa bAlA kA maMgala ho| usako pAra lagAnA hogA, jisake sammukha jaMgala ho| R.pR.-46. mAnavatA kI dRSTi se ukta saMvAda unnayanakArI hai| nArI kI prakRti nArI ke prati ISyAlu hotI hai kintu yahA~ to jIvana ke vikaTa mArga ko sarala banAne hetu karUNA, sahAnubhUti kA mArdava bhAva sumaMgalA meM dikhAI detI hai| saMpUrNa Agat jagata ke lie sumaMgalA ke tyAga kA yaha anupama saMdeza hai| bhoga aura tyAga, 'loka' aura 'adhyAtma' jIvana ke bhAga haiN| bhoga, loka kI ora aura tyAga adhyAtma kI ora pravRtta karatA hai| RSabha aura janapratinidhi kA saMvAda bhoga aura tyAga ke pakSa ko rUpAyita karatA huA tyAga meM hI vizrAma pAtA hai jise nimnalikhita saMvAda meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : RSabha :- cAhate tuma rAjya kI, anuzAsti maiM karatA rhuuN| janapratinidhi :- hai jahAM prabhu chatrachAyA, kuzala-maMgala hai vhiiN| R.pR.-94. R.pR.-95. RSabha :- bhoga bar3hatA jA rahA hai, aura suvidhAvAda bhii| jAnatA koI nahIM jana, tyAga kA anuvAda bhii| niyati hai yaha bhoga kI, usakA jahA~ utkarSa hai| prakRti kI lIlA vahAM para, janamatA saMgharSa hai| R.pR.-95. janapratinidhi :-bhoga mAnava kI prakRti hai, phira vahA~ saMgharSa kyoM ? R.pR.-95. RSabha :- prakRti meM 'ati' vikRti lAtI, yaha cirantana satya hai| rodha 'ati' kA tyAga se hI, yaha sunizcita tathya hai|| R.pR.-96 | 331

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janaprati:- sarasatA hai bhoga meM, kyoM roga mAneM Aryavara! tyAga nIrasa hai niSedhaka, haMta! kaise ho pravara ? R.pR.-96. RSabha :- ikSu rasamaya anAsevita, sarasatA saprANa hai| aura sevita virasa banatA, mAtra tvak niSprANa hai| R.pR.-97 bhoga kI sammohinI se, cakSu kI dyuti rUddha hai|| AvaraNa ko dUra karane, cetanA pratibuddha hai| R.pR.-96. RSabha aura janapratinidhi ke saMvAda se isa vicAra ko puSTi milatI hai ki bhoga kI vitRSNA se yoga kA janma hotA hai| pAtaMjali ke anusAra - 'cittavRtti nirodhaH yogaH' - arthAt cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ko yoga kahate haiN| rodha 'ati' kA tyAga se kathana kA Azaya bhI prAkArAntara se yahI hai ki jaba taka viSaya, vAsanA, IcchA kI ati kA saMyama se, tyAga se avarodha nahIM hogA, taba taka yoga kA janma saMbhava nhiiN| manuSya kI mati aura gati para niyati kA niyaMtraNa hai yA yakti kA, koI nahIM jaantaa| jo zabda zreya kA saMdeza dete haiM, ve hI preya meM prIti jagA dete haiN| bharata aura maMtrI ke madhya isa choTe se saMvAda ne mamatva ko ahaM se AvRtta kara do bhAiyoM ko yuddha bhUmi meM lAkara khar3A kara diyaa|14) yahA~ maMtrI aura bharata kA saMvAda dRSTavya hai :maMtrI :- satya kahanA cAhatA para, prema meM vizvAsa hai| bandhutA meM vighna bananA, kuTilatA kA pAza hai| bharata :- bAhubali hai ajita maMtrI! kyoM yahI tAtparya hai| baMdhuvara se yuddha karanA, kyA nahIM Azcarya hai? RSabhaputroM meM kalaha ho, mAnya mujhako hai nhiiN| cakra rUThe, rUTha jAe, bandhu to vaha hai nhiiN| R.pR.-224. yadi maMtrI rAjanIti, kUTanIti meM dakSa nahIM hogA to rAjya vikAsa meM usakA yogadAna nagaNya hogaa| rAjanIti athavA kUTanIti madhura se madhura sambandhoM ko tor3a use zatrutA meM parivartita kara detI hai| maMtrI dvArA bAhubalI kA nAma lie binA baMdhutA meM avarodha banane kI bAta kahanA usakI vANI kauzala [34]

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kA paricAyaka hai| dUsarI ora bhAtRtva bhAva saMsAra ke sabhI sambandhoM se zreSThatama hai| bharata - bAhubalI se yuddha nahIM cAhate / bhAtRtva bhAva ko ve dAMva para nahIM lagAnA caahte| maMtrI unake manobhAvoM ko samajha kUTanIti kA kuTila pAzA pheMkatA hai, jisase bharata TUTa jAte haiM, antataH yuddha ko AmaMtraNa milatA hai : maMtrI :- deza aura videza meM yaha bAta ati vikhyAta hai / bharata se bhI bAhubali kA, bAhubala avadAta hai / janapadoM ko jItane meM, zakti kA vyaya kyoM kiyA? kyA jalegA cakravartI, pITha kA snehila diyA? bAhubali ko jItane kA, svapna kyoM dekhA nahIM? zeSa saba nRpa biMdu kevala eka hai rekhA yahI / bAhubali kI namratA meM, ucita hI saMdeha hai ucita hai Aropa terA, ekapakSI sneha hai jyeSThatA kA bhUmi- nabha meM, sarvadA sammAna hai / anuja ke vyavahAra meM to, jhalakatA abhimAna hai / + bharata : + + samara carama vikalpa usako, sthAna yadi pahalA mile / to madhura saMbaMdha - tarU para, surabhi suma kaise khile ? dUta jAe bAhubali ke pAsa mama saMdeza le sulajha jAe gAMTha yadi vaha, bAta para hI dhyAna de / R. pR. - 225. 35 ..-226 R. pR.227. bharata kA mana bhAtRtva prema se maNDita hai kiMtu rAjanItika paristhitiyA~ aura maMtrI kI maMtraNA unake sneha para bhArI par3atI hai, aura ve cAhate haiM ki bAhubali zaraNAgata hoM - isalie dUta bhejate haiN| yahAM rAjA ke rUpa meM bharata kA kamajora pakSa ujAgara huA hai| isake pUrva bhI bharata kI mahatvAkAMkSA aTThAnabe bhAIyoM evaM mu~ha bole bhAI nami - vinami ke prati vyakta ho cukI hai| mahatvAkAMkSA se vyakti aMdhA ho jAtA hai, rizte TUTe yA bane mahatvAkAMkSI ke lie usakA koI sthAna nhiiN| jisane bhI bhayAvaha mahatvAkAMkSA pAlI, usakA patana sunizcita hai / huA bhI yahI /

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utthAna ke bAda patana aura patana ke bAda utthAna naisargika dharma hai| / parAjaya ke pazcAt bharata ke mana meM glAni kA sUtrapAta huaa| vijayI bAhubalI dvArA yoga kI ora bar3he kadama jaise bharata ke jJAna ko bhI khola die aura eka samaya AyA ki bharata bhI bhAI va pitA ke pada cinhoM para calane ke lie Atura ho utthe| aMta meM RSabha ke saMbodha se bharata kI jIvanadazA hI parivartita ho gyii| jise bharata-RSabha saMvAda meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - bharata :- prabhuvara! mere baMdhu pravara ne, Atma-rAjya meM kiyA pravAsa, kevala merA hI hai svAmin! bhautikatA meM aTala nivaas| kaba vaha zataka banegA pUrA? kaba hogA merA sanyAsa? kaba hogI AtmA kI gati-mati? aMtastala kA amala prkaash| R.pa.-297. isa kRzAnu ko zAMta kare vaha, salila mile, do prabhu! aashiiss|R.pR.-298. bharata parivAra ke saMpUrNa sadasyoM ko bhaktimArga, yoga mArga para agrasara hote dekha vyAkula ho uThate haiM unheM sAmrAjya aba sukha sukUna na dekara unakI cintA ko bar3hA rahA hai| ve bhI usI mArga para jAnA cAhate haiN| unakI saMpUrNa udvignatA ko zAMta karate hue RSabha kahate haiM : AtmA kA saMbodha milA hai, phira kyoM bharata! bane ho dIna ? vipula jalAzaya meM rahakara bhI, haMta! pyAsa se Akula miin| anAsakti kI pravara sAdhanA, bar3he zukla kA jaise cNdr| jala se Upara jalaja niraMtara, ravi rahatA nabha meM nistNdr| R.pR.-298. aMtataH bharata bhI yoga mArga ko svIkAra kara rAjya kI Asakti se mukta ho jAte haiN| AtmajAgaraNa kI avasthA meM mahatvAkAMkSA kA svameva upazamana ho jAtA hai| bharata dvArA apane bhAIyoM ke bhaktiyoga mArga ko svIkAra kara usI rAha para calanA saMyama aura tyAga ke kAraNa hI saMbhava ho sakA hai| sAdhanA meM ahaMkAra, krodha, mAyA, moha, mada, lobha bAdhaka hai| ye aise manovikAra haiM, jinake utpanna hote hI mana kI caMcalatA aura niraMkuzatA uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI hai| isase cittavRttiyoM meM avyavasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai| sAdhaka 361

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saMyama ke dvArA, tyAga ke dvArA iMdriyanigraha ke dvArA, yoga ke dvArA ina manovikAroM kA zamana kara paramAnanda kI anubhUti karatA hai| RSabha ko AtmAnaMda kI anubhUti ho jAne ke pazcAt - ahaM, krodha, mAyA, moha-mati ko saMketa kara amUrta rUpa se jo vArtAlApa karate haiM, usase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki sAdhaka ke mana meM ukta kaSAyoM ke rahate hue cinmaya-dIpa nahIM jala sktaa| kiyA ahaM ne ghora virodha, aura kiyA mati se anurodh| kyo jAgRta karatI ho Aja, supta siMha ko he adhirAja! jAga gayA yadi paramAnanda, ho jAogI tuma nispNd| sAra nahIM hogA saMsAra, ahaM banegA sira kA bhaar| atikrAMta hai merA kSetra, udghATita abhyaMtara netr| prajJA kA hai apanA deza, varjita usameM ahN-prvesh| krodha! baMdhuvara! suna lo mAna!, khojo apanA-apanA sthaan| mAye! devi! suno AhvAna, kRpayA zIghra karo prsthaan| R.pR.-142. krodha mauna ho gayA arUpa, ahaMkAra ne badalA ruup| mAyA kA astitva vilIna, phira bhI lobha rahA aasiin| R.pa.-143 senAnAyaka moha karAla, sArA usakA maayaajaal| zeSa ho gayA aMtardvandva, aMtarjagat huA nirdvandva / R.pR.-144. iMdriya mana para pUrNa virAma, antazcit sakriya aviraam| zabda agocara anubhava-gamya, kevala kI hai kathA agmy| R.pR.-145. ukta manovikArika saMvAda se jaina mata ke 'kaivalya jJAna' kI dhAraNA puSTa hotI hai| 'kevala jJAna' kI upalabdhi yoga kI eka jaTila prakriyA ke pazcAt hotI hai| isa avasthA meM sthApita hone para sabhI padArthoM ke jJAna kI kSamatA A jAtI hai| kevala jJAna ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya tulasI likhate haiM ki - "indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA ke dvArA mUrta aura amUrta sabhI padArthoM kI saba paryAyoM kA sAkSAtkAra karanA kevalajJAnopayoga hai| (15) kevala jJAna ho jAne para manuSya sarvajJa ho jAtA hai| antazcit aharniza 371

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sakriya rahatA hai| mana tathA iMdriyoM para hamezA-hamezA ke lie pUrNa virAma laga .. jAtA hai| isa prakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ne nAbhi-marUdevA saMvAda, RSabhajanapratinidhi saMvAda, sunaMdA-pitA saMvAda, yugala gaNa-nAbhi saMvAda, dharaNa, nami-vinami saMvAda, marUdevA-panihArina saMvAda, deva-girijana saMvAda, bharata-niyogI saMvAda, RSabha-bharata saMvAda, suSeNa-bharata saMvAda, maMtrI-bharata saMvAda, bAhubalI-dUta saMvAda, bharata-suvega saMvAda, bAhubalI-sUryayazA saMvAda, bharata-bAhubalI saMvAda ke dvArA kathAnaka ko gati dete hue jIvana ke zreSThatama uddezya nirvANa kI mahattA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| > rasa rasa kAvya kA prANa tatva hai| kAvya kA janma hI rasa dazA meM huA thA, ataH rasavAda ke bIja vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM hI mila jAte haiN| saMpUrNa jAtIya jIvana kA mahAkAvya hone ke kAraNa svabhAvataH usameM nAnA paristhitiyoM kA aura usase utpanna mAnava dazAoM kA citraNa haiM, ataeva samasta rasa bhAvAdi kI prabhu sAmagrI vahA~ sahaja hI prApta hai| mahAbhArata ke viSaya meM bhI yahI satya hai, mahAbhArata hI kyoM? RgvedAdi meM, brAmhaNa graMthoM meM bhI saMyoga-viyoga, zAMta, adbhuta, raudra, vIbhatsa aura bhayAnaka Adi ke apUrva varNana milate haiM |(16) bhAratIya manISiyoM ne 'rasai vai saH' kathana se rasa ko paramAtma rUpa meM hI mAnyatA dI hai| AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke anusAra-"jisa prakAra mAmUlI IMTa patthara ke Tukar3oM se zilpakAra uttama mahala banA detA hai| usI prakAra sAdhAraNa zabdoM aura bhAvoM kI sahAyatA se kavi alaukika rasa kI sRSTi karatA hai| (17) rasa se divya lokottara AnaMda kI anubhUti hotI hai| isase cetanA kA divya rUpa meM pariSkAra hotA hai| rasa ke kriyA vyApAra meM vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArI bhAva kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai, ye hI sthAvI bhAva ko puSTa kara use rasadazA taka pahu~cAte haiN| AcAryoM ne sthAyI bhAvoM kI sthiti rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, jugupsA, Azcarya, nirveda evaM apatya sneha ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| ye | 38

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mUlabhAva eka prakAra se kAvya kI cauhaddI (gherA) hote haiM / yadi kAvya racanA kI pravRtti para vicAra kareM to vartamAna samaya meM Adarza paraka, yathArthaparaka evaM darzana adhyAtma se saMbaMdhita kAvya dRSTigocara hote haiM jisameM AvazyakatAnurUpa kavi dvArA rasa kI yojanA kI jAtI hai / RSabhAyaNa eka dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika kAvya hai, jisameM prasaMgavaza vividha rasoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai zAMta rasa : RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya meM aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM zAMta rasa kI carama vyApti hai| 'zama' athavA nirveda sthAyI bhAva se zAMta rasa kI utpatti hotI hai / AdhyAtmika, dArzanika tathA bhaktimaya kAvya kA rUpAMkana zAMta rasa ke dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai / AtmAnanda kI anubhUti ho jAne para sukha-dukha se saMbaMdhita jitanI bhI saMvedanAeM haiM ve svameva parizAMta ho jAtI haiN| nirguNa AtmAnaMda kA svarUpa pratikSaNa dikhAI dene lagatA hai, jaise sukha dukha kI saMvedanA, se hotA hai maMda, vaha saMvedana se pare, AtmA kA AnaMda / -- nirguNa AtmAnanda meM, hue pratikSaNa lIna, jaise salila nimagna ho, mahAsiMdhu kA miin| R. pR. 107-108. AtmA hI satya hai, ziva hai, suMdara hai, paramAtmA kI anubhUti AtmA ke sphuraNa se hI saMbhava hai / yahA~ paramAtmA kA Azaya kisI Izvara se nahIM apitu parama+AtmA yAnI AtmA ke zreSTha svarUpa se hai / usakA rUpa atisUkSma hai| yogiyoM ke lie jahA~ satata abhyAsa se use samajhanA sahaja hai, vahIM anya ke lie durlabha bhI, jaise : * AtmA satyaM zivam suMdaraM AtmA maMgalamaya abhidhAna upAdAna hai paramAtmA kA saMyama hai usakA avadAna

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sUkSma tatva hai isIlie vaha kahIM gamya hai kahIM agamya kiMtu cetanA sarvavidita hai sahaja ramya prati vyakti prnnmy| R.pR.-158. hRdaya meM jaba samatA sthApita ho jAtI hai taba rAjya, vaibhava, mAna, pratiSThA saba jhUThe pratIta hone lagate haiN| dRr3ha nizcaya AtmAnanda meM praveza karane kI pahalI sIr3hI hai : nirvikalpa hama bhagavana! kevala Atma-sAdhanA eka vikalpa AtmA kI garimA ke sammukha rAjya hameM lagatA hai alpa AtmA kA sAkSAt kareMge dRr3ha-nizcaya hai, dRDha saMkalpa pUrNa samarpaNa hI hotA hai kalpavRkSa ciMtAmaNi klp| R.pR.-202 vIra rasa : utsAha sthAyI bhAva se vIra rasa kI vyutpatti hotI hai| oja isakA pradhAna guNa hai| mahAkAvya meM jahA~-jahA~ yuddha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vahA~-vahA~ AsAnI se utsAha bhAva ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| zAMta rasa ke bAda mahAkAvya meM vIra rasa ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai, jaise-girijanoM se yuddha, bharata bAhubalI yuddha prakaraNa meM ojaguNa kI jIvaMta jhAMkI dekhI jA sakatI hai| bAhubalI jaba apane paurUSa bala para yuddha meM bharata ko 'kanduka' ke samAna AkAza meM uchAla dete haiM taba vahA~ upasthita sabhI janoM meM hAhAkAra sA maca jAtA hai| jaise : krIr3A kaMdukavata cakrIzvara, mahAzUnya meM huA viliin| hAhAkAra kiyA dharatI ne, bahalIzvara kA vikrama piin| R.pR.-279 bharata ke zIza para bAhubalI dvArA lohadaNDa ke prahAra se dharatI para 'garta' [401

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kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai lohadaNDa le bharata zISa para, kiyA bAhubali ne pratighAta / huA prakampita bhU kA Azaya, gartA kA nirmANa akhAta / R. pU. - 282. bhayAnaka rasa : yuddha meM mAtra vyakti ke paurUSa kA hI pradarzana nahIM hotA, apitu adRzya zaktiyAM bhI apane upAsakoM ke sahayoga ke lie bAdala kA rUpa dhAraNa kara virodhI senA ke lie mahAmArI kA dRzya upasthita kara detI hai bharata aura girijanoM ke yuddha meM, girijanoM kI ora se 'meghamukha ke pralayaMkArI AkramaNa se bharata kI senA meM 'bhaya' kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAtA hai / jaise sahasA zyAmala aMbhodhara kI, ghaTA gagana meM chAI camaka camaka pItima bijalI ne apanI chaTA dikhAI musala sadRza varSA kI dhArA, kAMpa uThA senAnI AMdolita senA kA mAnasa, kisane likhI kahAnI ? R. pR. 175 raudra rasa : krodha sthAyI bhAva se raudra rasa kA prakAzana hotA hai / isa bhAva ke utpanna hote hI sampUrNa snAyuyoM meM kaThora AvegoM kA saMcaraNa hone lagatA hai| apamAna, tiraskAra, kaTuvANI Adi ke dvArA pratipakSI ko Ahata kiyA jAtA hai / bharata jaba maryAdA kA atikramaNa kara cakraratna se bAhubalI para AghAta karate haiM taba usake pratiuttara meM bAhubalI krodha se paripUrNa ho apanI pratikriyA nimnalikhita rUpa meM vyakta karate haiM : uThA hAtha, tana gaI muSTi bhI daur3A bharatezvara kI ora, raudra mUrti se lagI Tapakane, sAdhvaza kI dhArA ati ghora / R. pR. 287. bAhubalI ke putra siMharatha jaba raNAGgana meM praveza karate haiM, taba krodhAveza meM unake siMhanAda se bharata kI senA prakampita ho jAtI hai / yahA~ bharata kI senA ko aisA lagatA hai jaise yuddha ke maidAna meM bAhubalI athavA iMdra upasthita 41

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ho gaye hoN| dekhie, krodha kA pracaNDatama rUpa :- . siMhanAda se huA prakampita, bharatezvara kA senaa-ckr| kiyA palAyana yoddhAgaNa ne, kauna? bAhubali athavA shkr| R.pR.-255 yuddha ke maidAna meM apane vidyA ke prabhAva se mahAmArI phailA rahe anilavega ke prati senApati suSeNa kA krodha nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM vyakta huA hai : mauna karo aba anila vega! tuma, bahuta anargala kiyA pralApa, chalanA kI vaitaraNI meM re! kaise dhula pAegA pApa ? R.pR.-257. prasaMgavaza raNakSetra meM anya sthaloM para bhI raudra rasa ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| vIbhatsa rasa : ghRNA, jugupsA sthAyI bhAva vIbhatsa rasa ke sphuraNa kA kAraNa hotA hai| RSabhAyaNa meM vIbhatsa rasa ke udAharaNa kama hI mileMge yuddha ke pariprekSya meM bharata kA ciMtana uddhRta kiyA jA sakatA hai : nija ahaM ko puSTa karane, kI mahecchA yuddha hai| rakta-raMjita bhUmi nara kI krUratA para kruddha hai| R.pR.-220 karUNa rasa : __ zoka, sthAyI bhAva se karUNa rasa kI utpatti hotI hai| vAlmIki ne 'rAmAyaNa' kI racanA karUNa rasa ko hI AdhAra banAkara kiyA hai| RSabhAyaNa meM karUNa rasa kI jhalaka yatra-tatra dekhI jA sakatI hai| bAhubalI dvArA RSabha ke darzana na hone para unake dvArA karUNa vilApa hRdaya ko chU jAtA hai : kitane sapane, kitane bhAva! kitane ciMtana ke anubhAva! kauna sunegA? dInadayAlu! mujha para the tuma sadA kRpAlu / R.pR.-138. bAhubalI ke mana meM anutApa kA ubAla nimnalikhita karUNa vilApa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : 42]

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bAhubalI kA karUNa vilApa, ubala rahA mana kA anutaap| bolA mRdu vaca saciva sudhIra, kyoM prabhu itane Aja adhiir| R.pR.-139. RSabha dvArA dIkSA grahaNa evaM gRhatyAga ke pazcAt pitA ke prati bharata kI karUNa bhAvanA nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM varNita hai :-- karUNA kara he! karUNA karake, ika bAra nihAra nihAla kro| yaha baMdhana hai pura-vAsa prabho! tuma mukta hue sukha se vicro| R.pR.-104. adbhuta rasa : vismaya bharA Azcarya sthAyI bhAva se adbhuta rasa kI vyutpatti hotI hai| isa rasa meM alaukika athavA AzcaryotpAdaka vastu ke kArya kI ora iMgita kiyA jAtA hai| RSabha dvArA sAdhanA meM bhojana kA tyAga Azcarya bodhaka hai| cakra calA vArtA kA kyA prabhu, itane dina bhUkhe pyAse? kisane pheMke ye mAyAvI, iMdrajAla bhAvita pAze ? R.pR.-132. vAtsalya rasa : putra athavA choToM ke prati sneha, mamatva se vAtsalya rasa kI utpatti hotI hai| mahAkAvya ke nauveM sarga meM putra RSabha ke prati mA~ kI ciMtA vAtsalya bhAva se paripUrNa hai| mA~ dvArA putra ko bhojana karAte samaya jisa vAtsalya kI anubhUti hotI hai| usakI smRti kA rekhAMkana karatI hayI mA~ marUdevA bharata se kahatI hai : yAda A rahe haiM ve vAsara, bhojana svayaM karAtI thii| apane hAthoM se parosatI, maiM dIpaka, maiM bAtI thii| R.pR.-148. putra kI ciMtA se mA~ marUdevA vivhala ho jAtI haiM, unakI vivhalatA kA varNana nimna paMktiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : Aja akelA kauna dUsarA, sukha-dukha meM usakA sAkSI ? padacArI, pahale rahatA thA, car3hane ko prastuta haathii| R.pR.-148. [43]

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aura bhI - bhUmI zaiyyA, vahI bichaunA, nIMda kahAM se AegI! rAtri jAgaraNa karatA hogA, smRti vismRti bana jaaegii| R.pR.-149. isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya meM ukta rasoM kI yojanA prasaMga vazAta kI gayI hai| kiMtu zAMta rasa, vIra rasa evaM vAtsalya rasa kA prasAra anya rasoM kI tulanA meM adhika hai| > alaMkAra alaMkAra zabda kA artha hai 'aabhuussnn'| jisa prakAra kisI vyakti ko AbhUSaNoM se susajjita kara dene para usakI suMdaratA bar3ha jAtI hai, usI prakAra alaMkAroM se vibhUSita kAvya bhI adhika suMdara jJAta hone lagatA hai| kAvyAdarza meM AcArya daMDI ne alaMkAra ko pAribhASita karate hue likhA hai ki 'kAvyazobhAkarAt dharmAn alaMkArAn pracakSate (68) arthAt kAvya ke zobhAkara dharma ko alaMkAra kahate haiN| alaMkAra vastutaH bolane athavA likhane kI eka zailI hai| kisI bAta ko zrotA yA pAThaka ke mana me bhalIbhA~ti baiThA dene ke lie bolacAla meM yaha AvazyakatA hotI hai ki bAta kucha banAkara kahI jaay| isa prakAra bAta ko sajAne meM jo camatkAra A jAtA hai, use sAhitya graMtho meM alaMkAra ke nAma se pukArate haiN| alaMkAroM kI upayogitA ke saMbaMdha meM sumitrAnandana paMta ne likhA hai ki 'alaMkAra kevala vANI kI sajAvaTa ke lie hI nahIM hai, varan bhAva kI abhivyakti ke bhI vizeSa dvAra haiM, bhASA kI puSTi ke lie, rAga kI pUrNatA ke lie, Avazyaka upAdAna hai| ve vANI ke AcAra, vyavahAra rIti-nIti haiN| pRthaka sthitiyoM ke pRthaka-pRthaka svarUpa bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ke bhinna-bhinna citra haiN|17) kAvya meM alaMkAroM kA sahaja prayoga usakI bhAva pravaNatA meM bA~kapana lAtA hai| isalie kavi kA prathama dAyitva hotA hai ki vaha alaMkAroM ke balAt prayoga se kavitA ko mukta rkhe| isa saMdarbha meM loMjAinasa kA kathana yahA~ taka hai ki kAvya meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga isa rUpa meM ho ki zrotA yA pAThaka ko usake

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prayoga kA patA hI na cle| AcArya mahAprajJa ne sahaja meM hI zabdAlaMkAra evaM arthAlaMkAroM se saMbaMdhita vividha alaMkAroM, jaise :- anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, mAnavIkaraNa, udAharaNa, virodhAbhAsa, arthAntaranyAsa, vizeSokti, punarUkti prakAza, vyatireka, svabhAvokti Adi alaMkAroM kI yojanA kI hai| jisakA parIkSaNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| " anuprAsa : anuprAsa kavi kA priya alaMkAra hai| pUre mahAkAvya meM zabda sauMdarya kI chaTA isake mAdhyama se dekhI jA sakatI hai| jaise : 1) tarU-tarU tarUNIphala AbhAsa, tarUNoM ke svara meM uphaas| R.pR.-78. __ yahA~ 'ta' varNa kI AvRtti se nAda sauMdarya kI utpatti huI hai| 2) samAna varNa layAtmakatA evaM saMgItAtmakatA kA bhI sRjana karate haiM lIlAlIna lalita lalanA kI, pAdAhati se ruusstt| R.pa.-79. 3) apanepana ke vistAra-bandhana meM anuprAsa kI chaTA adbhuta hai : mama mAtA, mama pitA sahodara, merI patnI, merA putr| merA ghara hai, merA dhana hai, saghana huA mamatA kA suutr| R.pR.-68. yamaka : jahA~ eka zabda kI AvRtti do yA do se adhika bAra ho aura pratyeka kA artha alaga-alaga ho, vahA~ yamaka alaMkAra hotA hai| 1) utsuka nayanoM meM duta pratibimba vANI, zrI nAbhi-nAbhi se utthita vara klyaannii| ukta udAharaNa meM prathama nAbhi kA artha RSabha ke pitA se aura dvitIya nAbhi kA artha zarIra ke keMdra se hai jahA~ se yaugika kriyAe~ prAraMbha kI jAtI hai| 2) bAhu-bAhu meM bala vikasita hai, malla yuddha degA aamod|R. pR.-279. yahA~ prathama bAhu kA artha bAhubalI se tathA dvitIya bAhu kA artha bhujA se hai| 1451

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punarUkti prakAza : jahA~ kevala sauMdarya sRjana ke lie zabdoM kI AvRtti ho vahA~ punarUkti prakAza alaMkAra hotA hai, jaise : 1) bindu-bindu kA saghana smuccy| R.pR.-20. 2) mahAmahima ke aMga-aMga para, yauvana sahasA lhraayaa| R.pR.-38. 3) kaNa-kaNa dRSTa karUNa sAkAra, zAkhA zAkhA kaMpa vikaar| R. pR.-79 yahA~ bindu-bindu, aMga-aMga, kaNa-kaNa zabdoM kI AvRtti artha ko aura bhI gahana kara usake sauMdarya kA kAraNa banatI hai| isa alaMkAra kA kavi ne atyAdhika upayoga kiyA hai| upamA : upamA ke dvArA sahadharmatA ke kAraNa eka vastu kI dUsare vastu se tulanA kI jAtI hai| upameya, upamAna, vAcaka, sAdhAraNa dharma upamA ke aMga haiN| dinakara ke anusAra sahI arthoM meM maulika kavi vaha hai, jisake upamAna maulika hote haiN| yaha maulikatA RSabhAyaNa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai, jaise : 1) mAtA bhI marUdevA stambhita, mauna mUrti sI khar3I rhii| R.pR.-106. 2) cAra daMta vAlA himagiri-sA, zveta samunnata gaja aayaa| R.pR.-15. 3) zAMta-siMdhu sA mauna bharata nRpa, ciMtana kI mudrA abhiraam| R.pR.-263. ukta udAharaNa meM kramazaH 'mUrti', 'himagirI' evaM 'siMdhu' kA prayoga upamAna ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| jisase kramazaH upameya kI sthiti bimbita huyI hai| (5) rUpaka : jahA~ upameya aura upamAna meM kevala sAdRzya hI nahIM apitu donoM ko eka banA diyA jAtA hai, taba rUpaka alaMkAra hotA hai, jaise :-- 1) isa lobha-agni meM saba kucha hotA svaahaa| R.pR.-21. yahA~ yaha batAyA gayA hai ki lobha (upameya) rUpI agni (upamAna) se saba kucha naSTa ho jAtA hai| arthAt upameya para upamAna kA Aropa pramANita hai| 461

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2) patA nahIM kyoM Aja ahetuka, 'harSa - vIci' uttAla huI ? pR. 34. ukta udAharaNa meM harSa (upameya) bhAva para vIci (upamAna) kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai arthAt harSa rUpI lahareM uttAla rUpa meM taraMgAyita hone lagI / 3) vali varjita vapu, zyAmalatama kaca locana - kuvalaya viha~sa rahe / RSabha ke yauvana kA varNana hai, jisameM locana (upameya) para kuvalaya ( upamAna) kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai arthAt RSabha ke netra kamalavata hai| utprekSA : (6) jahA~ upameya kI upamAna rUpa meM sambhAvanA kI jAya, vahA~ utprekSA alaMkAra hotA hai jaise : C 1) AtmA ke cinmaya spaMdana meM, sphurita huA sahasA ullAsa / dekhA sammukha bharatezvara ko, mUrta huA mAno AbhAsa / / R. pR. - 214 ukta udAharaNa meM bharata kA ciMtana mukharita huA hai jisameM upameya ( bharatezvara) meM upamAna (AtmA kA cinmaya spaMdana ) kI saMbhAvanA kI gayI hai / yahA~ utprekSA kI abhivyakti sUkSmarUpa meM kI gayI hai / 2) tarUvAsI jaga kA saMpraveza nagarI meM, mAno sAgara kA sanniveza gagarI meM / R. pR. 56 yahA~ sAgara (upameya) ke sanniveza kI saMbhAvanA gagarI ( upamAna) ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| arthAt vRkSoM kI goda meM nivAsa karane vAle, vistRta svacchaMda rUpa se jIne vAle yugaloM kA praveza nagara ke sImita dAyare meM huA / anya udAharaNa : 3) Agamana tava bhUta kSaNa ko, kara rahA pratyakSa hai / ho rahA sAkSAta mAno, prabhu RSabha kA kakSa hai / / .ch.-236. pavana vega sA AyA mAno, hogA raNa kA upasaMhAra / R. pU. - 261. rasa pallava iThalAte mAno, thiraka rahI mInAkSI ho / R. pU. - 148. 4) 5) 47

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mAnavIkaraNa : prakRti cetanA meM mAnavIya cetanA kA AropIkaraNa mAnavIkaraNa hai, jaise:1) surabhi-pavana saMgIta gA rahA, pallava-rava kI zahanAI, kiMzuka kuMkuma rUpa ho gayA, puSpoM ne lI aNgdd'aaii| R.pR.-35. ukta udAharaNa meM 'pavana ke saMgItamaya gAyana' evaM 'phUloM kI aMgar3AI lene' kI kriyA meM mAnavIkaraNa hai| 2) itane meM usa mahAkAla ne, apanA paMjA phailaayaa| R.pR.-42. mahAkAla adRzya hai, usake dvArA 'paMjA phailAne' kI kriyA meM mAnavIkaraNa hai kyoMki paMjA phailAnA mAnava kI kriyA hai| anya udAharaNa :-- 3) anila vega Ahata jIvana meM, utthita eka trNg| sakSama vAta, kiMtu jala kaise, saha sakatA hai vyaMga ? R.pR.-79. kisI para vyaMgya karanA mAnavIya kriyA hai| isa prakAra 'jala' kA 'vyaMgya' ke lakSya se mAnavIkaraNa hai| 4) maMda-maMda samIraNa surabhita kara-kara viTapi-sparza, ___ Age bar3hatA lagatA tarU ko, iSTa viyoga prkrss| R.pR.-79. ukta udAharaNa meM 'samIra' va 'viTapa' kA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| (8) virodhAbhAsa : jahA~ vAstavika virodha na hote hue bhI virodha ke AbhAsa kA varNana kiyA jAya vahA~ virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra hotA hai| jaise : 1) toDU mamatA kA taTabaMdha, jisase banatA sanayana aNdh| R.pR.-82. ukta udAharaNa meM batAyA gayA hai ki mamatA ke prabhAva se 'sanayana' bhI 'aMdhA' ho jAtA hai, yahA~ virodha kA AbhAsa to ho rahA hai| pratyuta kathana kA samarthana isa rUpa meM ho rahA hai ki 'mamatA' kA baMdhana aTUTa hotA hai| 1481

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2) marUdevA mara amara ho gayI, doharAyA apanA vizvAsa / R.pR.-157. ukta kathana meM mA~ marUdevA ke 'marane ke pazcAt 'amara' hone ke virodha kA AbhAsa hotA hai kiMtu kathana kA samarthana isa rUpa meM huA hai ki marUdevA 'siddhi prApta karane se hamezA-hamezA ke lie khyAta ho gyii| (9) arthAntaranyAsa : jahA~ sAmAnya kA vizeSa se aura vizeSa kA sAmAnya se samarthana kiyA jAya vahA~ arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hotA hai| jaise : 1) amarabela ne ArohaNa kara, kiyA vRkSa kA shoss| ___ vaha kaisA prANI jo karatA, para-zoSaNa, nija poss| R.pR.-80. yahA~ amarabela ke dvArA vRkSa ke zoSaNa se (sAmAnya) zoSaka vRtti ke vyaktiyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra donoM kathana eka-dUsare kA samarthana karate hue pratIta hote haiN| 2) cumbaka meM apanA AkarSaNa, lohA-khiMcatA jaataa| kauna sahAyaka durbala jana kA? kauna abala kA trAtA? R.pR.-177. cumbaka kA sAmAnya guNa hai, lohe ko AkarSita krnaa| isa sAmAnya kathana se zaktizAlI dvArA durbala va abala jana ko parAjita karane kA bhAva hai| astu sAmAnya vizeSa ke samarthana se arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hai| (10) vizeSokti : jahA~ saMbhUta kAraNa hote hue bhI kArya kI vyutpatti na ho vahA~ vizeSokti alaMkAra hotA hai, jaise : vipula jalAzaya meM rahakara bhI, haMta! pyAsa se Akula miin| R.pR.-298. jalAzaya meM rahane vAlI 'mIna' saMbhUta jala ke rahate hue bhI pyAsI hai| paryApta kAraNa ke hote hue bhI kArya nahIM ho pA rahA hai| | 49 |

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(11) vyatireka : jahA~ upamAna kI apekSA upameya kI zreSThatA vyaMjita ho, vahA~ vyatireka alaMkAra hotA hai| jaise : 1) surapatha raviyuta mudira vihIna, phira bhI bhUtala sammukha diin| sUrya ke Aloka se Alokita bAdala vihIna 'surapatha' (upamAna) ko 'bhUtala' upameya ke sammukha dIna batAkara upamAna kI nyUnatA vyaMjita kI gayI hai| 2) dUta kA jijJAsitaM suna, gAMva ke jana ne kahA, bAhubali kA teja atulita, sUrya yaha pIche rhaa| R.pR.-231. yahA~ 'bAhubali' (upameya) ke teja ke sammukha 'sUrya' (upamAna) ko pIche batAkara usakI nyUnatA darzita kI gayI hai| (12) svAbhAvokti : jahA~ kisI vastu kA svAbhAvika varNana hotA hai, vahA~ svAbhAvokti alaMkAra hotA hai, jaise : jeTha mAsa kI tapI dupaharI, tapta dhUli dharatI bhI tpt| tapta pavana kA tapA huA tana, mana kaise ho tadA atpt| R.pR.-198. yahA~ jeTha mAha kI tApa kA svAbhAvika varNana kiyA gayA hai| 'RSabhAyaNa' meM alaMkAroM kI chaTA anupama hai| unake dvArA prayukta alaMkAra bhAva, bhASA evaM laya kA saMskAra karate hue pratIta hote haiN| alaMkAroM kA sahaja prayoga kAvya sauMdarya meM vAhaka ke rUpa meM dRSTigata hotA hai| kAvya meM kahIM bhI alaMkAra camatkAra pradarzana kA kAraNa nahIM banA hai,unakA sahaja prayoga bhAva utkarSa kA kAraNa avazya banA hai| > pratIka pratIka zabda kI vyutpatti prati+iNa (gato) se mAnI gayI hai, jisake anusAra pratIka kA artha vastu hai, jo apanI mUla vastu meM pahu~ca sake athavA vaha cinha jo mUla kA paricAyaka ho|(2) pratIka kI Adhunika avadhAraNA ke anusAra prastuta [501

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.ko vAcya banAkara aprastuta kI ora saMketa kiyA jAtA hai| yAnI, pratIka vidhAna eka aisI abhivyakti zailI hai, jisameM vicAroM aura anubhUtiyoM ko sIdhe-sIdhe varNita na karake unakA saMketa kiyA jAtA aura pAThaka ke mastiSka meM avyAkhyAyita pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se unakA udbodhana karAyA jAtA hai / (21) DaoN. nityAnaMda zarmA ne pratIka ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki aprastuta, aprameya, agocara athavA amUrta kA pratinidhitva karane vAle usa prastuta yA gocara vastu-vidhAna ko pratIka kahate haiM, jo dezakAla evaM sAMskRtika mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa hamAre mana meM apane cira sAhacarya ke kAraNa kisI tIvrabhAva bodha ko jAgRta karatA hai | (22) - pratIkoM kA prayoga mAnava vikAsa ke sAtha hI ati prAcIna hai| vedoM meM pratIka kA ullekha milatA hai| sRSTi meM mAnava kA astitva jaba se prakAza meM AyA taba se hI pratIkoM meM abhivyakti kI zurUAta huI / bhASA vikAsa ke pUrva sAMketika cinhoM athavA hAva-bhAva ke pratIkoM ke dvArA Adima mAnava apanI bhAvanAoM ko vyakta karatA thA / pratIkoM kA nirmANa mAnava kI maulika vizeSatA hai| usakI Atma cetanA ke vikAsa meM pratIkoM kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahatA hai / manuSya ne apanI bhASA kA vikAsa pratIka zakti se hI kiyA hai| zipalI kI mAnyatA hai ki bhASA svayaM hI eka pratIka hai| pratyeka kalA eka taraha kI bhASA hI hotI hai| isakA artha huA ki pratyeka kalA eka pratIka hotI hai | (23) ajJeya ke anusAra - 'jana sAhitya sadA se aura sabase adhika pratIkoM aura anyoktiyoM ke sahAre hI apanA prabhAva utpanna karatA hai / yaha bIja hama saMskRta meM pAte haiN| vedoM se lekara vAlmIki taka aura vAlmIki se lekara kAlidAsa taka bhI / saMskRta se vaha zakti apabhraMzo aura phira loka sAhitya meM calI gayI / *(24) kedAranAtha siMha ne bhI pratIkoM kI prAcInatA svIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki 'pratIkoM kA prayoga utanA hI purAnA hai, jitanA svayaM samAja | Adima manuSya ne zatAbdiyoM pahale apanI maulika ekatA kI abhivyakti ke lie pratIkoM kA AviSkAra kara liyA thaa| Aja unakI ve pratIkAtmaka abhivyaktiyA~ hamAre pAsa gAthA athavA purANa ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| vastutaH itihAsa ke aMdhakAra yuga meM vaha Adima manuSya hI thA, jisane pratIkoM kI sRSTi karake bhAvI mAnava sabhyatA kI nIMva rkhii| (25) 51

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ko vAcya banAkara aprastuta kI ora saMketa kiyA jAtA hai| yAnI, pratIka vidhAna eka aisI abhivyakti zailI hai, jisameM vicAroM aura anubhUtiyoM ko sIdhe-sIdhe varNita na karake unakA saMketa kiyA jAtA hai aura pAThaka ke mastiSka meM avyAkhyAyita pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se unakA udbodhana karAyA jAtA hai / (21) DaoN. nityAnaMda zarmA ne pratIka ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki aprastuta, aprameya, agocara athavA amUrta kA pratinidhitva karane vAle usa prastuta yA gocara vastu-vidhAna ko pratIka kahate haiM, jo dezakAla evaM sAMskRtika mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa hamAre mana meM apane cira sAhacarya ke kAraNa kisI tIvrabhAva bodha ko jAgRta karatA hai (22) pratIkoM kA prayoga mAnava vikAsa ke sAtha hI ati prAcIna hai| vedoM meM pratIka kA ullekha milatA hai| sRSTi meM mAnava kA astitva jaba se prakAza AyA taba se hI pratIkoM meM abhivyakti kI zurUAta huI / bhASA vikAsa ke pUrva sAMketika cinhoM athavA hAva-bhAva ke pratIkoM ke dvArA Adima mAnava apanI bhAvanAoM ko vyakta karatA thaa| pratIkoM kA nirmANa mAnava kI maulika vizeSatA hai| usakI Atma cetanA ke vikAsa meM pratIkoM kA mahatvapUrNa yoga rahatA hai| manuSya ne apanI bhASA kA vikAsa pratIka zakti se hI kiyA hai| zipalI kI mAnyatA hai ki bhASA svayaM hI eka pratIka hai| pratyeka kalA eka taraha kI bhASA hI hotI hai / isakA artha huA ki pratyeka kalA eka pratIka hotI hai / (23) ajJeya ke anusAra - 'jana sAhitya sadA se aura sabase adhika pratIkoM aura anyoktiyoM ke sahAre hI apanA prabhAva utpanna karatA hai / yaha bIja hama saMskRta meM pAte haiN| vedoM se lekara vAlmIki taka aura vAlmIki se lekara kAlidAsa taka bhii| saMskRta vaha zakti apabhraMzo aura phira loka sAhitya meM calI gayI / *(24) kedAranAtha siMha ne bhI pratIkoM kI prAcInatA svIkAra karate hue likhA hai ki 'pratIkoM kA prayoga utanA hI purAnA hai, jitanA svayaM samAja | Adima manuSya ne zatAbdiyoM pahale apanI maulika ekatA kI abhivyakti ke lie pratIkoM kA AviSkAra kara liyA thA / Aja unakI ve pratIkAtmaka abhivyaktiyA~ hamAre pAsa gAthA athavA purANa ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| vastutaH itihAsa ke aMdhakAra yuga meM vaha Adima manuSya hI thA, jisane pratIkoM kI sRSTi karake bhAvI mAnava sabhyatA kI nIMva rkhii| (25) 51

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abhivyakti kI sUkSmatA evaM gahanatA kA jaba prazna upasthita hotA hai, taba abhidhAmUlaka zabdAvalI apUrNa pratIta hotI hai| yoM vastu kA viziSTa rUpa evaM bhAva manuSya ke mastiSka meM pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM hI upasthita rahatA hai| bhAva vyaMjanAmeM sthUla yathArtha se mukti dilAkara use sUkSma vyaMjaka zakti se bhara dene kA kArya pratIka karatA hai| 'pratIka viziSTa artho meM bodha ke ve cinha hai, jo apane yuga, deza, saMskRti aura mAnyatAoM se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa sandarbhAnusAra parivartanIya evaM bhAva guNAdi se sambaddha satya kA anveSaNa karane ke lie prayukta hote haiM | (26) jIvana kA kSetra vizad hai, jisakI abhivyakti laukika tathA AdhyAtmika rUpoM meM hotI hai| kAvya meM jIvana ke donoM pakSoM kA udghATana huA hai| saMtoM ne jahA~ kavitAoM meM AdhyAtmika pratIkoM ko mahatva diyA hai, vahIM anya kaviyoM ne pratIkoM kA laukika rUpa meM upayoga kiyA hai| 'jaba tIvra abhyAntara anubhUti cAhe vaha bhAvAtmaka ho yA kalpanAtmaka-sUkSma aura saghana hokara abhivyakti ke hetu chaTapaTAne lagatI hai, taba bAhya jIvana aura padArthoM ke mAdhyama se vaha sAkAra ho jAtI hai tabhI bAhaya jIvana ke rUpa aura padArtha pratIka bana jAte haiN| (27) kaviyoM kI anubhUti yA to dArzanika kSetra meM bhakti bhAvoM meM ramI hai yA laukika kSetra meM prema yA karUNA ke bhAvoM meM athavA rASTrIyatA ke bhAvoM meN| ataeva hama pramukha pratIkoM ko AdhyAtmika pratIka, zrRMgArika pratIka, karUNA ke pratIka aura rASTrIya pratIka ina rUpoM meM dekha sakate haiN| ye yA to zAstrIya haiM yA bhaavaatmk| eka hI pratIka vibhinna bhAvoM kA pratIka bana sakatA hai| ataH isa prakAra kA vargIkaraNa kucha vizeSa Thosa AdhAra nahIM pA sktaa| (28) pratIkoM kA upayoga vizeSa lakSya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kiyA jAtA hai| DaoN. mahendra kumAra ke anusAra - pratIka prayoga ke mukhyataH tIna prayojana haiM: bhAvanA ko mUrta rUpa dene ke lie| kutUhala aura vismaya utpanna karane ke lie| gopanIya ko dUsare se gupta rakhane ke lie 129) AcArya mahAprajJa santa haiM, unakA saMpUrNa jIvana adhyAtma evaM darzana kA 52]

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adbhuta saMgama hai, jisa kAraNa unake bhAva, vicAra evaM anubhUti meM gahanatA hai| ve laukika jagata ke mahAn patha pradarzaka bhI haiM isalie RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya meM Adha yAtmika evaM laukika jagata se saMbaMdhita vividha pratIkoM ko sthAna milA hai| prakRti ke upAdAna 'pratIka' ke vizeSa sahacara / parvata, nadI, sAgara, sarovara, vRkSa, puSpa, AkAza, tArA, sUrya, candra, bAdala Adi jahA~ apanA AdhyAtmika artha dete haiM, vahIM laukika artha ke bhI vAhaka banate haiM / yadi saMsAra kAmanAoM kA puMja hai to atikramaNa vyakti kI pravRtti / 'atikramaNa' maryAdAhInatA kA dUsarA nAma hai / mAnava kI atikramaNa pravRtti kA nirUpaNa kavi ne 'kAmavIci' pratIka se kiyA hai / laharoM (vIci) meM unmAda hotA hai, pravAha hotA hai / uphAna para ye lahareM taTabaMdhoM ko tor3a detI haiM, atikramaNakArI bhI nIti, niyamoM ko tAka para rakha detA hai, ThIka vaise hI jaise 'kAmI' purUSa saMpUrNa lajjA kA parityAga kara detA hai :-- 'kAma vIci se udvelita jana detA, jyoM lajjA ko tyAga / R. pR. 27. eka hI pratIka vividha saMdarbhoM meM vividha artha dizAoM kI ora saMketa karate haiM / yahA~ 'vIci' pratIka se bharata kI 'AhlAdakArI kalpanA' kI abhivyakita huI hai| bhAva vIci mAlI meM sahasA, eka vIci kA nabha meM sparza / R. pU. - 214. vyakti ke jIvana meM bhAva hI mUla hai| bhAvanA ke anurUpa hI dRzya apanA prabhAva chor3ate haiM / kavi ne bharata ke ciMtana kI abhivyakti, urmi, sAgara, gAgara, sitArA upamAna ke dvArA vyakta kI hai| ye upamAna pratIka rUpa meM apanA artha bhI kholate calate haiN| pUrI kavitA meM pratIkoM ke prabhAva kA bahuta hI sahaja prayoga huA hai : Ananda - urmi uttAla bhAva - sAgara meM, kisane dekhA hai sAgara ko gAgara meM, druta gati se hogA vikasita rASTra hamArA, camakegA mAnava kA saubhAgya - sitArA / 53 R. pR. 184.

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...... . 'patharAI A~khoM' evaM 'saritA' pratIka usa sayama bahuta sArthaka pratIta hotA hai, jaba bharata kA Agamana apane rAjya ayodhyA meM hotA hai| usa samaya janatA meM eka prasannatA kI lahara sI daur3a jAtI hai| 'patharAI A~khoM meM navajIvana laharI' antas kI saritA huI pravAhita ghrii| R.pR.-186. yahA~ 'udAsa' tathA 'viSAda' bhAva ke lie 'patharAI A~kheM' tathA 'harSa' evaM 'AhlAda' ke pratIka ke rUpa meM 'saritA' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 'sarovara', 'zatadala', 'tamasa' pratIka kA prayoga paraMparA se hote AyA hai, jisakA pratIkArtha kramazaH mana yA hRdaya, komalatA tathA ajJAna yA nirAzA hai| kavi ne ukta upamAnoM kA prastutikaraNa paramparAgata rUpa meM kiyA hai : mana saravara meM jaba zatadala khila jAtA hai| taba saghana tamasa kA Asana hila jAtA hai| R.pR.-186. tRSNA vyakti ko bhaTakAtI hai| vaibhava kI tRSNA to usakI saMpUrNa cetanA ko jhakajhora detI hai| yahA~ tRSNA kI abhivyakti RSabha ke putroM ke svapna vRtta se kI gayI hai : tAlAboM kA, saritAoM kA, Akhira aMbhonidhi kA niir| piyA citra! phira bhI hai pyAsA, tRSNA kA laMbA hai ciir| R.pR.-199. yahA~ 'tAlAba', 'saritA', 'aMbhonidhi' pratIka kA prayoga tRSNA ke lie tathA 'cIra' kA prayoga 'vistRta kSetra' ke lie kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra ukta jalAzaya krama se apane vistRta rUpa ko vyakta karate haiM, usI prakAra 'tRSNA' bhI bar3hate-bar3hate asIma ho jAtI hai| yahAM tRSNA ke prAraMbha aura caramotkarSa kI abhivyakti prabhAvazAlI hai| 'samudra' aura 'kUpa' pratIka kA prayoga prAraMbha se hI vividha rUpoM meM hotA AyA hai| pAramparika rUpa se samudra-vizAlatA yA gaMbhIratA ke rUpa meM tathA 'kUpa' sImita kSetra ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA rahA hai| dUta dvArA 'bharata' evaM bAhubalI kI tulanA unakI upAdhi ke sAtha unakI sImA kA rekhAMkana karatI hai : 54]

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cakravartI cakravartI, bhUpa Akhira bhUpa hai| siMdhu kA vistAra apanA, kUpa Akhira kUpa hai| R.pR.-239 jala meM taralatA hai, vAtsalya meM mmtaa| prAkArAntara se mamatA bhI tarala hotI hai| usakA sparza komala evaM mana meM vinaya ko janma dene vAlA hotA hai yadi salila se latAe~, vanaspatiyA~ pallavita hotI haiM, to vAtsalya se zraddhAyuta prema athavA maanvtaa| bAhubalI se yuddha kA kAraNa svayaM ko mAnate hue bharata socate haiM ki : vAtsalya salila kI dhArA yadi baha jaatii| to vinayabela kA abhisiMcana kara paatii|| R.pR.-245. yahA~ 'salila' kA prayoga 'sneha' tathA 'bela' kA prayoga khuzahAla jIvana ke pratIka ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| mahAzakti ke rUpa meM 'ravi' evaM 'uDupati' pratIka kA navIna prayoga prazaMsanIya hai| yaha pratIka bAhubalI se yuddha ke saMdarbha meM bharata ke aMtardvandva ke sAtha ubharatA hai aura pariNAma ke rUpa meM vinAza kI ora saMketa karatA hai :-- saMgharSa paraspara ravi uDupati meM hogA, nakSatra aura graha tArA kA kyA hogA? nabha kI zobhA kyA avikala raha pAegI, zastroM kI jvAlA mAlA bana paaegii| R.pR.-248. yahA~ 'ravi' aura 'uDupati' ke atirikta nakSatra, graha aura 'nabha' bhI apanA jaTila pratIkAtmaka artha dete haiN| yahAM nakSatra graha ke rUpa meM sAmAnya jana' evaM 'nama' ke pratIka ke rUpa meM 'pRthvI' kA artha grahaNa karanA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai| jisakA spaSTa Azaya hai ki jaba do mahAzaktiyA~ (bharata aura bAhubalI) Apasa meM TakarAe~gI taba jana dhana kI hAni ke sAtha saMpUrNa pRthvI para hiMsA evaM azAMti vyApta ho jaaegii| 'ravi', 'tejasa' athavA 'jJAna' kA bhI pratIka haiN| sAdhanAtmaka stara para jJAna kA prAdurbhAva hote hI jIvana kI saMpUrNa AsaktiyA~ svameva tirohita ho jAtI haiM : 551

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'anAsakti kI pravara sAdhanA, bar3he zukla kA jaise caMdra, jala se Upara jalaja niraMtara, ravi rahatA nabha meM nistNdr| pR.-298. yahA~ 'jala-Asakti', 'jalaja-anAsakti', tathA 'nabha-AdhyAtmika' pariveza ke pratIka ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| caritra kI zuddhatA ke lie 'kamala' upamAna kA pratIka prazaMsanIya hai| kamala jala meM rahate hue bhI usase Upara hI sthita rahatA hai| niyogI kA suMdarI ke lie nimna likhita kathana caritra kI zuddhatA kI ora hI saMketa karatA hai, jo rAjavaibhava meM palakara bhI vilAsabhAva se sarvathA mukta hai :-- kSamA karo he bhagini devate! kamalopama tava amala critr| R.pR.-210. sAdhanAtmaka rUpa meM 'sUrya' kA pratIkAtmaka prayoga kavi ne atyadhika kiyA hai| 'sUrya' AdhyAtmika jagata meM paMraparA se 'jJAna' athavA 'Aloka' ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA rahA hai, jisakI jhalaka nimnalikhita udAharaNoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai :- cidAkAza meM cinmaya ravi kA, vyApta huA avirAma prkaash| R.pR.-207. eka razmi ravi kI kara detI. saghana nicitatama tama kA naash| R.pa.-207. sUryavikAsI kamala amalatama, sUryodaya ke saha unmess| R.pR.-209. razmijAla kI jyoti pracaNDa, khaMDa ho gayA Aja akhnndd| jJeya huA jo thA ajJeya mUrta-amUrta sakala vijnyey| R.pR.-144 kamala koza se madhukaNa madhukara, aura nahIM aba le sktaa| ravi adRzya unmeSa nahIM vaha, kamalAkara ko de sktaa| R.pR.-113. ukta udAharaNa meM citta-AkAza kaa| ravi-caitanya yA jJAna kA, tama-ajJAna kA, kamala-utthAna kA, kamala koSa AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti athavA vaibhava ke, pratIka ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| laukika pratIka ke rUpa meM 'sUrya pratIka ke sAtha anya pratIkoM kI chaTA dekhate hI banatI hai - nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM 'sUrya' cAraNa ke pratIka ke rUpa meM bharata kA yazogAna karatA huA pratIta hotA hai :-- 'sUraja kI ujjavala kiraNoM ne, gIta vijaya kA gaayaa|' R.pR.-163. TARI

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.. ratno kI tejasvitA 'sUrya' ke pratIka ke rUpa meM dekhate hI banatI hai'ratna pravara maNi aura kAkiNI, sUrya sadRzya tejsvii| R.pR.-165. 'sUrya' kA prayoga kavi ne 'sabalatA' ke lie aura 'bAdala' kA prayoga 'nirbala jana' ke lie tathA 'dhAgA' kA prayoga 'avarodha' pratIka ke rUpa meM kiyaahai| yuddha meM bharata kI ora se devagaNa meghamukha ko cetAvanI dete hue yuddha se virata kara dete haiM : maitrI kA dAyitva nibhAyA, kiMtu sUrya ke Age, bAdala kaba taka buna sakatA hai, aMdhakAra ke dhaage| R.pR.-176. 'sUrya' evaM 'bAdala' se saMbaMdhita anya udAharaNa bhI dRSTavya hai :- bAdala ravi ke razmijAla se, nirhetuka ttkraayaa| R.pR.-177. - sUraja ke sammukha kaba dhana tama ne dekhA ? R.pR.-179. - utsukatA kA sUrya udita hai, cetA pramudita aura prshaaNt| R.pR.-189. - arI rAta! tuma kyoM AogI? udita huA hai bhU para suury| R.pR.-190. - dvandva upasthita cAMda-sUrya meM, yaha donoM hAthoM kA dvndv| R.pR.-197. ukta udAharaNa meM 'sUrya', 'bAdala', 'tama' aura 'caMdra' kA navIna (prayoga) pratIka ke rUpa meM prayoga huA hai| yahA~ 'sUrya', 'mahAteja' aura 'zakti' kA pratIka hai to bAdala apekSAkRta azakti kaa| tIsare udAharaNa meM 'sUrya', 'utsukatA' ke rUpa meM tathA cauthe udAharaNa meM 'pUrNa prakAza' ke rUpa meM ubharA hai| sUrya ke sAtha cA~da kI upasthiti 'bhAI-bhAI' ke pratIka ko mukhara karatI hai| isa prakAra pUre mahAkAvya meM 'sUrya' ke sAtha anya pratIka apanA prAsaMgika artha dete hue pratIta hote haiN| kAvya meM prAyaH parvata, nirjhara, mIna, siMha, cItA, hAthI, madhukara, mRga, tarU, vAnara, koyala, kekA, udyAna, kA~TA Adi kA pratIkAtmaka prayoga prAraMbha se hI hotA rahA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne AvazyakatAnusAra ukta pratIkoM ko RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvyameM paramparAgata evaM navIna saMdarbho se jor3A hai jisase bhAva pravAha meM gahanatA A gayI hai, jaise : 57]

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- - zakti parama guru kI gurU hotI, nirjhara giri se jharatA / kyoM jAgRta karatI ho Aja supta siMha ko he adhirAja ! kiyA palAyana jaise mRga ne dekha liyA ho cItA / para acala himAlaya apanI bAta khegaa| hara tarU paricita sA lagatA hai paga-paga para, parikara - sA lagatA tarU tarUgAmI vAnara, koyala kA kalarava anajAnA - sA praNa hai, kekA kA koI komala AmaMtraNa hai / mIna / salila sulabha sabako nAM koI, pyAsI hai pAnI meM bar3A matsya choTI machalI se, kaba karatA hai mana se pyAra / bharata! tumhArA kaisA jIvana, tarUvara jaise zAkhA hIna / sthUlakAya gaja kintu bhIta mRgapati se / praNata siMha ratha bolA, yaha to, cIMTI para gaja kA abhiyAna / kalabha yUthapati gajavara ke pada cinhoM para calatA hai nAtha! baMdho! utaro, gaja se utaro, utaro aba / R. pR. 163. R. pU. - 142. R. pU. - 171. R. pR. 181. ukta udAharaNa meM kramazaH giri - acalatA kA, jharanA - gati kA, supta siMha- paramAnanda kA, mRga - nirbalatA athavA sIdhe-sAde manuSya kA, cItA - hiMsA athavA sabala kA, acala himAlaya - girijanoM kA, tarU, vAnara, koyala, kekA - madhura sAhacarya kA, mIna - saMtuSTi kA bar3A matsya-zakti kA, choTI machalI- nirbalatA kA, zAkhAhIna tarUvara - khaNDita jIvana kA, sthUlakAya gaja-zakti pradarzana kA, mRgapati - zaurya kA, cIMTI - tuccha athavA azakta jana kA gaja-zreSThatA kA aura punaH gaja- ahaMkAra ke pratIka ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kavi neeka hI upamAna ko kaI pratIkoM ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai / cAtaka kI AzA hai bhora ! zazadhara meM anurakta cakora / R. pR. 185. R. pU. - 200 R. pR. 201. R. pU. - 211. R. pU. - 246. R.pU. - 211. R. pR. 266. R. pR. 294. 'cAtaka' aura 'cakora' kAvya meM 'utkaTa premI' ke pratIka ke rUpa meM prayukta hote rahe haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa ne inakA upayoga pAramparika rUpa se karate hue navIna artha pradAna kiyA hai : 58 R. pR. 85.

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yahA~ 'cAtaka' evaM 'cakora' pratIka kA prayoga bharata ke lie tathA 'bhora' evaM 'zazadhara' pratIka kA prayoga RSabha ke lie kiyA gayA hai| pitA ke caraNoM meM putra kI Asakti svabhAvika hai| isa Asakti evaM samarpaNa kA prastutikaraNa anUThA hai| dUsarI ora yuddha ke paridRzya meM 'cakora' aura 'cAtaka' 'candra' aura 'bhora' bAhubalI aura bharata ke pariprekSya meM nayA hI artha dete haiM - "donoM prItibhAva se nahIM zatrubhAva se yuddha ke maidAna meM eka dUsare ke Amane-sAmane hote haiN| :-- . na ca cakora kA milana caMdra se, nahIM milI cAtaka ko bhor| R.pU.-276. 'cakora' kA 'caMdra' se aura 'cAtaka' kA 'bhora' se prIti svAbhAvika hai kintu yaha bhI kaisI viDambanA hai ki premI apane priyapAtra se nahIM mila paate| bharata jyeSTha hai aura bAhubalI knisstth| isalie yahA~ para 'cakora' aura 'cAtaka' ke rUpa meM bAhubalI tathA 'caMdra' aura 'bhora' ke pratIka ke rUpa meM bharata ko rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai| pratIka ke kSetra meM yaha vizuddhataH navIna prayoga hai| kahIM kahIM to lokajIvana meM vyavahata sAmagrI ko kavi ne svAbhAvika rUpa se pratIkoM ke rUpa meM gar3hA hai, vahA~ kavi kI dakSatA kA lohA mAnanA par3atA hai, jaise : vidyA sAdhita gadA mathAnI, cakrI-senA maMthana paatr| kiyA bilaunA huA vilor3ita, yoddhA gaNa kA urjita gaatr| R.pR.-261. vidyAdhara ratnAri ke yuddha kauzala kA varNana hai jisameM gadA ko maMthAnI, cakrIsenA ko 'pAtra' tathA yoddhAoM ke mathita zarIra ko bilaunA ke pratIka se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| yaha "bilaunA' hI pratipakSiyoM ke zarIra kI vaha UrjA hai jise ratnAri apane bhaMyakara AkramaNa se niHsatva kara prANAnta kara detA hai| jisa prakAra 'machalI' pAnI se bAhara hone para tar3apane lagatI hai, vaise hI bAhubalI kI senA ke sAmane bharata kI senA vyAkula hai jise kavi ne 'jala' se nirvAsita 'mIna' ke pratIka se vyakta kiyA hai| yaha prayoga paramparAgata hai : aura hamArI senA prabhuvara! hai jala se nirvAsita miin| R.pR.-262. | 59

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... 'bAja' aura 'vihaga kramazaH 'sabala' aura 'nirbala' ke pratIka ke rUpa meM.... vyakta hue haiM, yahA~ bharata putra zArdula kA parAkrama vivecita huA hai : 'jhapaTA jaise bAja vihaga para, kiyA sugati ke sira kA ched|' R.pR.-264. manobhAvoM kA vistAra asImita hai| Akroza, karUNA, prIti, baira, zraddhA evaM anya manaH sthitiyoM kA bhI pratIkAtmaka varNana prazaMsanIya hai : 'agni ke AtApa meM kyA, phasala bar3hatI hai kabhI ? Aka bhI himadAha-bala se, palaka meM jalate sbhii| R.pR.-241. yahA~ agni kA AtApa-Akroza, phasala-saMbaMdha, Aka-dhairya, himadAha AkramaNa tathA jalanA-vinAza ke pratIka kA vAhaka hai| 'zraddhA bhAva se jahA~ sambandha jur3ate haiM vahIM 'saMzaya bhAva' se saMbaMdhoM meM khaTAI bhI par3a jAtI hai : zraddhA ne hima ke kaNa-kaNa ko jor3A hai| saMzaya ne mana ke kaNa-kaNa ko toDA hai| R.pR.-245. Aja samAja meM do dhArAe~ dikhAI de rahI haiM jisameM eka hai - zoSaka hai - shossit| zoSaka ke pratIka ke rUpa meM 'amarabela' aura zoSita aura dara ke pratIka ke rUpa meM 'vRkSa' kA prayoga huA hai| yaha kathana zAsaka ke havAle se kiyA gayA hai jo nItigata hai : amara bela ne ArohaNa kara, kiyA vRkSa kA shoss| vaha kaisA prANI jo karatA, para-zoSaNa, nija poss|| R.pR.-80. janatA ke kaMdhe para car3hakara, calane kA adhikAra na ho| sahajIvana meM amarabela bana, phalane kA adhikAra na ho| R.pR.-89. rAjanIti kA yaha takAjA hai ki vaha zAsaka zAsana ke yogya nahIM hotA jo janatA ko padadalita karatA hai, yahA~ para bhI 'amarabela' pratIka se aise zAsakoM kI nindA kI gayI hai :-- manuja mahatvAkAMkSI para para, nija adhikAra jmaataa| amarabela-sA zoSaka para kI, sattA para itthlaataa|| R.pR.-162. [601 .

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___ samatva dRSTi' ke rUpa meM 'pArasa' patthara kA guNagAna hamezA se hotA rahA hai| pArasa ke sparza se lohA sonA bana jAtA hai| sUra ne bhI likhA hai ki 'pArasa guna avaguna nahIM, citavai kaMcana karata khro|' AcArya mahAprajJa ratnakAkiNI ke saMdarbha meM likhate hai ki - 'pArasa kA pA sparza loha kI, kAyA hI bdlegii| R.pR.-170 aura :- 'pArasamaNi kA sparza prApta kara, miTTI puNya hiraNya bne|' R.pR.-44. yahA~ kavi ne 'pArasa' ke Adhikya guNa ko vyakta kiyA hai| pArasa ke sparza se 'lohA' svarNa ke rUpa meM parivartita hotA hai kintu ukta paMkti meM 'miTTI' ko svarNa parivartana ke rUpa meM dikhAkara pArasa ko vistRta pratIka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahIM-kahIM saMkhyAvAcI pratIkoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai jo lokajIvana meM Aye dina vyavahRta hote haiN| yuddha ke pariprekSya meM nimnalikhita kathana prayojanIya hai : 'jaya kA nizcaya hai sabako solaha aanaa| nizcita hogA sArthaka kesariyA baanaa|' R.pR.-181. yahA~ 'solaha AnA' paripUrNa vizvAsa evaM 'kesariyA bAnA' zaurya ko vyakta karatA hai, jisakA vyavahAra samAja meM paraMparAgata hai| ukta 'pratIkoM' ke atirikta sAmAnya, paramparAgata evaM loka pracalita pratIkoM kA AcArya mahAprajJa ne khUba prayoga kiyA hai, jaise : pazu-(mUrkhatA)-zikSA-dIkSA-zUnya manuja pshu|| R.pR.-68. chuI-muI-(murajhAnA)-banI manaHsthiti chuii-muii| R.pR.-41. asi ko myAna-(maryAdita jIvana) maryAdA se nizrita saba jana, prApta huA hai asi ko myaan| R.pR.-69 madhyAnha-(jIvana kA pUrNa vikAsa)-bahUta dUra madhyAnha hai, prabhAta-(jIvana kA prAraMbha)-cAkSuSa abhI prbhaat| R.pR.-99. ciMtAmaNI-ciMtAoM kA zamana karane vAlIdhanya hai hama ratna, ciMtAmaNi aho pratyakSa hai| R.pR.-127. | 61

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'samatva dRSTi' ke rUpa meM 'pArasa' patthara kA guNagAna hamezA se hotA rahA hai| pArasa ke sparza se lohA sonA bana jAtA hai| sUra ne bhI likhA hai ki 'pArasa guna avaguna nahIM, citavai kaMcana karata khro|' AcArya mahAprajJa ratnakAkiNI ke saMdarbha meM likhate hai ki - 'pArasa kA pA sparza loha kI, kAyA hI bdlegii| R.pR.-170 aura :- 'pArasamaNi kA sparza prApta kara, miTTI puNya hiraNya bne| R.pR.-44. yahA~ kavi ne 'pArasa' ke Adhikya guNa ko vyakta kiyA hai| pArasa ke sparza se 'lohA' svarNa ke rUpa meM parivartita hotA hai kintu ukta paMkti meM 'miTTI' ko svarNa parivartana ke rUpa meM dikhAkara pArasa ko vistRta pratIka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne kahIM-kahIM saMkhyAvAcI pratIkoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai jo lokajIvana meM Aye dina vyavahRta hote haiN| yuddha ke pariprekSya meM nimnalikhita kathana prayojanIya hai : "jaya kA nizcaya hai sabako solaha aanaa| nizcita hogA sArthaka kesariyA baanaa|' R.pR.-181. yahA~ 'solaha AnA' paripUrNa vizvAsa evaM 'kesariyA bAnA' zaurya ko vyakta karatA hai, jisakA vyavahAra samAja meM paraMparAgata hai| ukta 'pratIkoM' ke atirikta sAmAnya, paramparAgata evaM loka pracalita pratIkoM kA AcArya mahAprajJa ne khUba prayoga kiyA hai, jaise :pazu-(mUrkhatA)-zikSA-dIkSA-zUnya manuja pshu| R.pR.-68. chuI-muI-(murajhAnA)-banI manaHsthiti chuii-muii| R.pR.-41. asi ko myAna-(maryAdita jIvana) maryAdA se nizrita saba jana, prApta huA hai asi ko myaan| R.pR.-69 madhyAnha (jIvana kA pUrNa vikAsa)-bahUta dUra madhyAnha hai, prabhAta-(jIvana kA prAraMbha)-cAkSuSa abhI prbhaat| R.pR.-99. ciMtAmaNI-ciMtAoM kA zamana karane vAlIdhanya hai hama ratna, ciMtAmaNi aho pratyakSa hai| R.pR.-127. [611

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sitArA-(saubhAgya)-mahApurUSa kI janma kuMDalI, saMgata sabhI sitaare| kinArA (upalabdhi) bhAgyodaya kI zubhavelA meM, milate sabhI kinaare| R.pa.-164. garala-(tyAjya), Akroza kara detA nirvIrya garala ko, sudhA-(grAhya), zAMti-eka sudhA kA pyaalaa| R.pR.-165. pyAsA (lipsA)-saba kucha pAkara bhI mAnava mana, rahatA pratipala pyaasaa| RpR.-165. dhvaja-(rASTrIya gaurava)-vijaya-dhvaja phhraao| R.pR.-166. kavaca-(surakSA)-acala akaMpa abhedya kavaca yuta zatrupakSa zaMkita hai| R.pR.-166. guphA tamistrA-(durgama sthala) guphA tamistrA kA atizaya dRr3ha, dvAra Aja tuma kholo| R.pR.-167. mAlA-ekatA-eka sUtra ke AlaMbana se, mAlA manuja pirotaa| R.pR.-174. cumbaka AkarSaNa-cumbaka meM apanA AkarSaNa, lohA-khiMcatA jaataa| R.pR.-177. dAvAnala-(vinAza)kyA dAvAnala meM khilatI, hai kezara kyArI? R.pR.-180. (zAMti)-kezara kyArI R.pR.-180. nIr3a (Azraya)-prastuta kI hai mana kI pIr3A, Avazyaka paMchI ko niidd'| R.pR.196. kAMTA (jAgRti)-cirajIvI hai cubhana jagata meM, kAMTA jAgRti bana jaataa|R.pR.201. kUpa maMDUka-(sImita dAyarA) huA kUpa-maMDUka smaan| R.pR.-255. patajhar3a-(dukha)-patajhar3a kA aba aMta huA hai| R.pR.-276. basaMta-(sukha-dekho kitanA rUcira bsNt| R.pR.-276. Aga-(krodha)-antastala meM bhISaNa aag| R.pR.-285. dIkSA-(dRr3ha nizcaya)-dIkSA lenA zakya nahIM hai| R.pR.-210. AcArya mahAprajJa eka santa haiN| saMtoM kI bhASA viziSTa pratIkoM se maNDita hotI hai| ye pratIka jIva, jagata ke saMdarbha meM gahana artha dete haiN| 'darzana' aura 'adhyAtma' jIvana kA eka jaTila pakSa hai jisakI abhivyakti hamezA se pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se hotI rahI hai| kabIra, jAyasI kA sAhitya isakA sabase bar3A pramANa hai| darzana aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM AcArya mahAprajJa bhI unake sAmAnAMtara calate hue pratIta hote haiN| nimna udAharaNa dArzanika mAnyatAoM se puSTa hai : 1621

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udghATita nava dvAra, paMjara meM baiThA vihaga, adbhuta rasa sAkAra, vismaya nahIM prayANa meN| R.pR.-23. yahAM navadvAra zarIra ke ve sthAna jahAM se prANa kA utsarga hotA hai| vihaga-prANa, adbhuta rasa-AtmasAkSAtkAra, AtmAnanda, prayANa-nirvANa, mRtyu / sAdhanA meM bhAvavRttiyoM kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai| bhAvavRttiyAM jitanA hI aMtarmukhI hotI hai, cetanA meM, jJAna meM utanA hI nikhAra AtA hai, - yahI nahIM dharatI aura aMbara kI dUrI bhI samApta ho jAtI hai, rahasya kA AvaraNa uTha jAtA hai, jaise : antarmAnasa kI uMgalI se, hat-taMtrI kA taar| jhaMkRta ho kara detA abhinava, maMjulatama jhNkaar| dharatI ambara sahaja samIpa, jalatA hai jaba cinmaya diip| R.pR.-91. yahA~ dharatI-laukika jagata, ambara-alaukika jagata (brahmaraMdha). cinmaya-dIpa jJAna ke Aloka ke pratIka ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| sAdhaka dvArA sAdhanA kI saMpUrNa zreNiyoM ko pAra kara lene ke pazcAt cinmayAnaMda kI anubhUti hotI hai| kabIra ne 'sahastrAra' brahmaraMdhra, sunna-mahala, surati mahala, gagana maMDala kA prayoga paryAya rUpa meM hI kiyA hai, jisakI sthiti mastaka meM hI hai| mastiSka meM jJAna kA cinmaya-dIpa jala jAne para samatva dRSTi ke vikAsa ke sAtha loka (dharatI) aura paraloka (aMbara) kA bheda miTa jAtA hai, laukika jagata se alaukika jagata meM praveza kA mArga prazasta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya meM pratIkoM kI gaMgA-jamunA dhArA pravAhita huI hai| paramparAgata evaM navIna pratIka kavi ke anubhUti satya ko vyakta karate hue, bhASA ke prabhAva ko dhAradAra banAte haiN| pratIka ukti vaicitrya ke sAdhana haiM jisase bhAvoM meM camatkArika rUpa se vRddhi hotI hai| pratIkoM kA vipula saMsAra sahajatA se mahAkAvya meM dekhA jA sakatA hai|

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RSabhAyaNa meM rUpaka tatva DaoN. nagendra ne rUpaka kI vistRta vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki rUpaka ke hamAre sAhitya zAstra meM do artha haiM / eka to sAdhAraNataH samasta dRzya kAvya ko rUpaka kahate haiM, dUsare 'rUpaka' eka sAmyamUlaka aMlakAra kA nAma hai, jisameM aprastuta kA prastuta para abheda Aropa rahatA hai| ina donoM se bhinna rUpaka kA tIsarA artha bhI hai, jo apekSAkRta adhunAtana artha hai aura isa navIna artha meM 'rUpaka' aMgrejI ke eligarI kA paryAya hai / 'eligarI eka prakAra ke kathArUpaka ko kahate haiN| isa prakAra kI racanA meM prAyaH eka dviarthaka kathA hotI hai jisakA eka artha pratyakSa aura dUsarA gUr3ha hotA hai / .... kathA rUpaka meM eka kathA kA dUsarI para abheda Aropa hotA hai| vahAM bhI eka kathA prastuta aura dUsarI aprastuta rahatI hai / prastuta kathA sthUla bhautika ghaTanAmayI hotI hai / aura aprastuta kathA sUkSma saiddhAMtika hotI hai / yaha saiddhAMtika kathA dArzanika, naitika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika, vaijJAnika, manovaijJAnika Adi kisI prakAra kI ho sakatI hai / parantu isakA astitva mUrta nahIM hotaa| vaha prAyaH prastuta kathA kA anya artha hI hotA hai, jo usase dhvanita hotA hai, kisI prabaMdha kAvya kI prAsaMgika kathA kI bhA~ti jur3A huA nahIM hotA / (30) 'RSabhAyaNa' mahAkAvya kI mUla kathA yaugalika jIvana kA akarma yuga se karmayuga meM praveza kI kathA hai, jisake kendra meM haiM atIndriya jJAna ke svAmI 'Rssbhdev'| samAja, zikSA, zilpa, rAjanIti, darzana, vijJAna Adi kA nispRha rUpa se vikAsa evaM svastha sAmAjika jIvana kI rUparekhA unakI dena hai| isa prakAra 'RSabha' kA virATa vyaktitva 'puruSArtha' kA pratIka hai, jisase 'samatA' kI sthApanA hotI hai| isa 'samatA' dRSTi ke kAraNa ve niSkAma bhAva se rAjA ke rUpa meM apane karttavya kA nirvAha karate hue artha, dharma, kAma kI saMpUrNatA ko prApta kara AtmasAdhanA ke dvArA 'mokSa' kA mArga prazasta karate haiN| jaina dharma ke anusAra jagata ke do rUpa haiM eka hai padArtha jagat aura dUsarA hai AtmA kA jagat / padArtha jagat se Azaya saMsAra kI una saMpUrNa vastuoM se hai jisakA saMbaMdha kisI na kisI rUpa meM mAnava se hai| viSamatA hai, vahA~ bhoga hai, vahA~ kalaha haiM, vahAM Apatti hai / jahAM padArtha hai vahAM yAni padArtha samasyA TRAI

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kA kAraNa hai, kintu Atmajagat meM mAtra 'samatA' kA vyavahAra hai| 'samatA' kA saMbaMdha tyAga, ahiMsA, karUNA, caritra Adi vRttiyoM se hai| ye vRttiyAM 'AtmA' ko paramAtmA ke rUpa meM rUpAyita karatI haiN| AtmA kA pariSkRta rUpa 'paramAtmA' hai jo amUrta hai, jisakI divya anubhUti samyaka jJAna, samyaka darzana evaM samyaka cAritrya se kI jA sakatI hai, jisakI sthiti bAhara nahIM bhItara hI hai| RSabha kI antaryAtrA 'AtmA' kI artayAtrA hai, jahA~ sthiratA hai, Az2Ada hai| karma ke prati Asakti karma baMdhana kA kAraNa hai, yaha Asakti hI baMdhana hai| isa Asakti se mukti karma bandhana se mukti hai| 'RSabha' anAsakta bhAva se apane niyata karma kA saMpAdana karate haiM isIlie ve karmabaMdhana se mukta ho AtmasAdhanA meM lIna hue| vyakti jaba taka 'padArtha ko hI satya mAnatA hai taba taka vaha AtmA ke dvAra taka nahIM pahuMca paataa| viSamatAe~ usakA mArga avarUddha kara letI hai| isa dRSTi se 'RSabha' meM 'purUSArtha' kA sAMketika artha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| __ RSabhAyaNa ke anya pAtra bhI mUla artha ke sAtha apanA sAMketika artha dete haiM jisameM mA~ marUdevA karmabandha se mukta bhakti kA pratIka hai| bharata aizvarya, lipsA evaM mahatvAkAMkSA ke pratIka haiN| bAhubalI ahaMkAra, brAhmI aura sundarI jJAna evaM karUNA, aTThAnabe putra vinayazIlatA evaM samarpaNa, kaccha mahAkaccha evam sAthI asthira mana, nami-vinami lokaiSaNA, lokAMtika deva-preraNA, himAlaya-taposthalI tathA divya Ayudha, vijJAna ke utkarSa kA pratIka hai| ukta pratIkoM kI saMgati baiThAne se mUlakathA kA dhvanyArtha hotA hai ki vyakti jaba taka aizvarya lipsA mahatvAkAMkSA ke jhUle para jhUlatA rahatA hai taba taka use jagata kA padArtha satya hI dikhAI detA hai| eka kA padArtha satya dUsare ke padArtha satya ko cunautI nahIM de sktaa| bharata kI mahatvAkAMkSA bAhubalI ke aMhakAra se TakarAtI hai jisakA pariNAma yuddha, viSamatA, azAnti evaM kalaha hotA hai kintu lokAntika deva kI AkAzavANI kI preraNA se bAhubalI kA ahaMkAra zamita hotA hai, ve mAnasika saMgharSa se mukta ho yuddha se virata AtmasAdhanA ke lie prasthAna karate haiN| phira bhI ahaMkAra kA sUkSma rUpa unameM vidyamAna rahatA hai| 'samatva' kI dRSTi prApta ho jAne para unheM 1651

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'AtmA' ke AlAdaka rUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai - sAdhanAlIna bAhubalI ko ahaMkAra se mukta karane ke lie brAhmI aura sundarI kahatI haiM :-- baMdho! utaro, gaja se utaro, utaro aba bhUmi kI miTTI kA anubhava hogA taba, gaja ArohI prabhu sammukha pahu~ca na pAtA, AdIzvara, Izvara samatala kA udgaataa| R.pR.-294. sAdhanA meM ahaMkAra, mAna, mada, moha, choTe bar3e kA bheda Adi kaSAya bAdhaka hai| jaba taka bhAva jagata parizuddha nahIM hogA, kaSAyoM se mukta nahIM hogA, pUrvAgraha kA thor3A bhI avazeSa rahegA, taba taka AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra asaMbhava hai| 'samatva' dRSTi mila jAne para AtmAnanda kI upalabdhi sahaja ho jAtI hai, darzana patha spaSTa ho jAtA hai : AtmA kA darzana, darzana AdIzvara kA, sAkSAt huA bhaginI kA, apane ghara kA saba eka sAtha hI darzana patha meM Ae, madhumAsa mAsa meM kusuma sabhI viksaae| R.pR.-296 bharata ke zeSa aTThAnabe bhAI pitA ke prati vinayazIlatA evaM samarpaNabhAva se paripUrNa hai| bharata kI adhInatA saMbaMdhI prastAva se ve vicalita nahIM hote| ve yuddha karane meM bhI samartha haiM, kintu pitA se dizA nirdeza Avazyaka hai| bharata to sAMsArika tRSNA se tRSita hai aura yaha tRSNA aisI hai jo vyakti ko bhaTakAtI hI rahatI hai, kabhI yaha tRpta nahIM hotii| bharata ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kathana kitanA sArthaka hai jo use unmatta kie hue haiM :-- itanI nadiyoM kA jala lekara, nahIM huA yaha sAgara tRpt| darpa bar3hA hai pA parAga rasa, madhukara Aja huA hai dRpt|| R.pR.-193. jahA~ sarmapaNa hai vahIM bhakti aura jahA~ bhakti hai vahIM mukti| RSabha aMgArakAra ke dRSTAMta se vyakti kI atRpta icchA kI ora saMketa kara 98 putroM ko virATa alaukika rAjya kI ora unmukha karate haiM-jahA~ na koI dvandva hai aura 66]

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': na yuddha, vahA~ mAtra 'samatA' hai, usa rAjya meM sAMsArika lipsA kA koI sthAna nahIM merA rAjya virAT alaukika, jahA~ na icchA kA lvlesh| yuddha aura saMgharSa vivarjita, nahIM kleza kA kahIM prvesh| mamatA samatA se parivRtta hai, nahIM dRSTa sukha-dukha kA dvandva / rAta divasa kA cakra nahIM hai, sArI ghaTanAe~ nirdvndv| R.pR.-200. purUSArtha anya ko bhI purUSArthI banAtA hai| purUSArtha kA kArya hai svayaM kA kalyANa karate hue jnklyaann| artha, dharma, kAma, mokSa isake sopAna haiN| mana, vANI, karma se samarpita vyakti hI isa mArga para cala sakatA hai| aTThAnabe bhAIyoM dvArA alaukika mArga kA varaNa isI samarpaNa bhAva ke kAraNa ho sakA hai| 'lokeSaNA' vyakti meM balavatI hotI hI hai| 'nami' aura 'vinami' aMta taka isa lokeSaNA ko tyAga nahIM paate| yuddha meM parAjita hone ke bAda saMdhi ke pazcAt ve rAjya lipsA meM hI rata rahate haiM, jisakA Azaya yaha hai ki sAmAnya mAnava padArtha jagata se svayaM ko mukta nahIM kara paataa| pariNAmataH saMsAra ke saMpUrNa klezoM viSamatAoM ko bhogatA rahatA hai| usakI mukti nahIM ho paatii| kaccha, mahAkaccha evaM usake sAthI 'asthira mana' athavA annamaya koSa ke pratIka hai| inameM tyAga kA abhAva hai| 'bhUkha' 'pyAsa' kA sahaja tyAga saMkalpavRtti se hotA hai| jisane bhUkha, pyAsa ko tyAga diyA, usakA hI tyAga sAMsArika vikAroM se dUra ho sakatA hai| atyAgI vyakti sAdhanA patha para bar3ha nahIM sktaa| kintu vaha dhIre-dhIre prayAsa karane para tyAgavRtti se pUrita hone para 'Aloka' patha kA rAhI bana sakatA hai| kaccha, mahAkaccha bhI apane sAthiyoM sahita vilamba se hI sahI darzana patha kI ora agrasara hue : tapa kI caryA ne, tApasa varga banAyA, dhIme-dhIme ciMtana, darzana bana paayaa| R.pU.-114 jaina darzana meM "samatA' ko atyadhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| 'samatA' kA artha hai AtmA aura AtmA kA artha hai 'smtaa'| jo AtmA hai vaha sAmAyika hai aura jo sAmAyika hai vaha AtmA hai| AtmA ko svIkAra kiye binA 'samatA' kI [671

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sthApanA saMbhava nahIM hai| (31) kaccha, mahAkaccha evaM unake cAra hajAra sAthI 'saMkalpa-vikalpa' ke pratIka haiN| RSabha ke sAtha muni banane kA saMkalpa' unheM 'samatA' ke mArga para le jAtA hai kintu sAdhanA meM bhUkha-pyAsa kI pIr3A unheM vyAkula kara detI hai| sAdhanA meM bhUkha aura pyAsa, mana kI caMcalatA bAdhaka hai| mana DigatA hai, palAyana kA bhI vicAra AtA hai| antatogatvA kaMda-mUla, phUla-patra ko bhUkha zAMti kA AdhAra banAkara sabhI sAdhanA meM rata hote haiN| aura dhIme-dhIme unakA ciMtana darzana bana jAtA hai| ___ mA~ marUdevA saMpUrNa kaSAyoM se mukta 'bhakti' kA pratIka hai| 'bhakti' se mana apane ArAdhya ke prati samarpita hotA hai| jisa putra ke prati mA~ ke mana meM agAdha mamatA, vAtsalya kA bhAva thA usI putra kI AbhA ko dekhane para mana ke saMpUrNa vicAra tirohita ho jAte haiN| ve Atmastha ho jAtI haiN| kSapaka zreNI meM pahu~ca jAtI haiN| jaina darzana meM - 'mokSa mArga kI ora agrasara jIvoM ke moha karma ko saMpUrNa rUpa se naSTa karane kI prakriyA ko kSapaka zreNI kahate haiM / (32) moha, mamatA, lobha kA vinAza hote hI 'samatA' kA jAgaraNa hotA hai jisase mokSa athavA kaivalya kI prApti hotI hai| bharata mahatvAkAMkSA evaM sAMsArika lipsA meM unmatta vaijJAnika saMsAdhanoM (divya Ayudha) se paripUrNa yuddha aura saMgharSa meM rat hai| yaha bhautika satya hai, jise sarvasva mAna mana usI meM ramaNa karatA hai| vizva kA saMhAra, saMbaMdho se iMkAra kI bhAvanA jagata ke isI satya ko mAnane se utpanna hotI hai| kintu isase zAMti nahIM miltii| zAMti ke lie mahatvAkAMkSA, bhoga-vilAsa kA zamana Avazyaka hai| Atma ciMtana se usakI pUrti sambhava hai| vyakti jaba bhItara dekhatA hai aura apane jIvana meM eka-eka kAryoM kA ciMtana karatA hai, taba usameM badalAva AnA prAraMbha ho jAtA hai, AtmA kA dvAra khula jAtA hai, bAhya jagata taba nissAra lagane lagatA hai| yaha bhoga se yoga kI ora bar3hane kI prakriyA hai| bharata bhI bhoga se yoga kI ora bddh'e| astu niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'RSabhAyaNa' mahAkAvya meM rUpaka ke dvArA anekAnta darzana ke Aloka meM padArtha satya ke sAtha hI sAtha 'AtmA' ke satya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 1681

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>> chaMda gadya vyAkaraNa ke dvArA zAsita hotA hai aura padya piMgala yA chaMdo dvaaraa| "chaMda' zabda kA artha hai 'bNdhn'| padya ko racane ke lie jina baMdhanoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, use chaMda kahate haiM aura jisa zAstra meM usakA varNana hotA hai, use chaMdazAstra kahate haiN| prAcIna kAla se hI kavitA padyabaddha hotI AyI hai| ataH padya aura kavitA eka dUsare ke paryAya samajhe jAte haiN| chanda, vedoM ke chaha aMgoM (zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa nirUkta, chaMda aura jyotiSa) meM mAnA jAtA hai| chandobaddha racanA karNa sukhada aura mukha madhura to hotI hI hai| sAtha hI ise smaraNa rakhane meM sugamatA hotI hai|(83) ajJeya ke anusAra 'chanda kAvya-bhASA kI A~kha hai| sAmAnya bhASA svayaM ko kevala sunakara kAma calAtI hai para kAvya bhASA svayaM ko dekha bhI letI hai| pAzcAtya samIkSaka laisalsa ebara kAmpI' 'layAtmaka Adarza kI nizcita AvRtti ko chaMda kahate haiM / (4) kAvya meM chaMda sAmaMjasya ke paryAya haiM baMdhana yA virodha ke sUcaka nhiiN| chaMdoM meM baMdhane para zabdoM ke svara eka nizcita sthAna para Akara baiTha jAte haiN| jisa prakAra anubhUti aura abhivyakti eka dUsare se abhinna haiM usI prakAra chaMda ko bhI kavitA se alaga nahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai |(35) sumitrAnaMdana paMta ke anusAra kavitA prANoM kA saMgIta hai to chaMda hRtkmpn| kavitA kA svabhAva hI chaMda meM layamAna hotA hai| mukta kavitA kI apekSA chaMdobaddha evaM layabaddha kavitA kA AnaMda adhika hotA hai kyoMki usameM kAvyakalA aura saMgItakalA donoM hI ekarasa hokara AtmasAt ho jAtI hai| chaMdo kA prayoga kAvya meM preSaNIyatA ko bar3hAtA hai, ataH chaMda kAvya bhASA kA vaha saMracanAtmaka sahacara hai, jo use sasvaratA meM DhAlakara geya banAtA hai|36) hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke anusAra chaMda dvArA sAdhAraNa bAta meM bhI eka aisI gati A jAtI hai, jo manuSya ke citta kI anuvartinI ho uThatI hai|37) DaoN. kadama ke anusAra :- 'chaMda kAvya ke prabhAva ko bhAvanAgrAhI aura saMvedanAtmaka banAtA hai| (38) chandobaddha kavitA layAtmaka hotI hai| usakA nAdAtmaka sauMdarya marmasparzI hotA hai| usakI 'geyatA' rAga aura anurAga kI rasamaya varSA karatA hai| chaMda 1691

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vidhAna kI dRSTi se AcArya mahAprajJa ne RSabhAyaNa meM paraMparAgata dohA, soraThA, vIra (AlhA), gItikA, lAvanI, paddhari, sahanANI Adi chaMdoM kA prayoga karate hue navIna chaMdoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| 'chaMda' mAtrA athavA varNa vyavasthA para AdhArita hote haiM / inake prayoga se kavitA kI sImA nirdhArita hotI hai / kavitA kA bAhya sauMdarya chaMda ke dvArA bar3hatA hai / laya, nAda evaM rAga sauMdarya meM abhivRddhi kA kAraNa chanda hote haiM / AcArya mahAprajJa ne AvazyakatAnurUpa chaMdoM kA prayoga kara kAvya ko geyatA pradAna karate huye vaicArika sthApanAe~ kI haiN| unake dvArA prayukta paramparAgata chaMda navIna bhAvoM kI sRSTi karate haiM : dohA : yaha arddhasama mAtrika chaMda hai, isake viSama caraNoM ( pahale tIsare) meM 13-13 tathA samacaraNo meM (dUsare, cauthe) 11-11 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / viSama ke AraMbha meM jagaNa na rhe| samacaraNoM ke aMta meM gurU laghu honA caahie| jaise : SS ' ' ' / S SSSSSI jaise-jaise kArya kA hotA hai vistAra SSSSS I S IISSSS I vaise-vaise zabda kA bar3hatA hai saMsAra / / / '|| / / ' / ' ' / / / / ' ' / abhinaMdana sabane kiyA pAkara nava netRtva / ||' ' / / ' / ' ISSISSI kula saMcAlana meM dikhA, pitRtulya kartRtva | '|| ' ' ' / ' |||' / ' ' / jIvana zailI eka sI sahaja toSa- saMtoSa / SSS ||'|' / / / |'|| SI AkAMkSA na mahatva kI sahaja manomaya koSa / '|| ' IIS IS 11 SS S ' / maMDapa kI racanA nahIM, na ca vedI kA nAma / 70 (13+11=24) (13+11=24)

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' Is '|' ' / ' / / || is ISI nahIM sAkSya hai agni kA, saba kucha abhI anaam| || 5 || 5 / / / ' ' '||| / / mana meM mana kA milana hI, hai vAstavika vivaah| (13+11=24) ''|| / / / / |' '|| / / || sAmAjika aba bana rahA, jIvana eka prvaah|| R.pR. 50 soraThA : yaha dohe kA ulTA hotA hai, isake viSama caraNoM meM 11-11 evaM sama caraNoM meM 13-13 mAtrAoM ke yoga se 24-24 mAtrAe~ hotI hai| isakA prAcIna nAma soraThiyA dohA thaa| ise saurASTra vAle pasaMda karate the| isI se yaha soraThA kahA gayA hai / / / / / / / / / / / / / / '' ' |' pratipala gatimaya kAla, agatika koI bhI nhiiN| (11+13-24) jalanidhi kI uttAla, lahara nidarzana bana rhii| R.pR.-22. 151 SS SI IL SIS III S yadyapi laMbI Ayu, avadhi aMtataH avadhi hai| rUddha prANAmaya vAyu, kozA-prajanana kA sthgn| R.pU.-22. IS ISIT SI SIISSS is sadA nirAmaya deha, Amaya janmA hI nahIM (11+13-24) durjana mana meM sneha, durlabha jaise jagata meN| R.pU.-22. ''|| / / / / 5 / / ' '' / / / udghATita nava dvAra, paMjara meM baiThA vihg| adbhuta rasa sAkAra, vismaya nahIM prayANa meN| R.pR.-23. gItikA : gItikA ke pratyeka caraNa meM 14, 12 mAtrAoM ke vizrAma se 26 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM, aMta meM laghugurU hote haiN| isakA mukhya niyama yaha hai ki pratyeka caraNa 71]

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kI tIsarI, dasavIM, satrahavIM aura caubIsavIM mAtrA sthAna para laghu varNa honA cAhie / aMta meM ragaNa (SIS) A jAne se yaha zravaNa sukhada bana jAtA hai : vIra : / / IS / / / / |'|| ' I' ||'| ' mila rahe jana-jana paraspara ho rahA samavAya hai / eka ciMtana eka ciMtA, eka hI adhyAya hai / ' / / / ' / / ISS ' / || SS IS kAlakRta saMskRti samasyA, bIja yadi botI nahIM / bhUmi ciMtana-manana kI yaha, urvarA hotI nahIM / | | | SIIS IS ' / '|| '| S S kaSTa kevala kaSTa hI ho, manuja jI sakatA nahIM / agnitApa abhAva meM, mRd janita ghaTa pakatA nahIM / / --pRSTha-14. SI S SS I SSSIS S SI S kaSTa se udbhUta ye, razmiyA~ Aloka kI / rati timira ko janma detI, mati vikRta paraloka kI / (14+12=26) 72 (14+12=26) R. pR. 15. (16+15=31 ) / R. pR. 13. 16 aura 15 mAtrAoM ke vizrAma se isameM pratyeka caraNa meM 31 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| aMta meM gurU laghu hotA hai| ise 'AlhA' bhI kahate haiM / SI |' ' / / ||' ' '| |' ||' IS mukta rahe jo nija mamatA se jAga uThA uname mamakAra kalpavRkSa para lage jatAne, saba apanA-apanA adhikAra | svatva haraNa chInA jhapaTI kA, atikramaNa kA vega bar3hA / zAMti bhaMga kA, mauna bhaMga kA, saba para jaise 555 S '|| / / / / ' SS SS ||'| (16+15=31 ) AvezoM kA zaizava bacapana kI belA meM hai aticAra / bar3he nahIM, isakA ciMtana ho, vartamAna kA ho pratikAra / lajjA ke anurUpa pravartita hotA samucita daMDa - vidhAna | yuga kA apanA-apanA mAnasa, daMDa svayaM mAnasa - vijJAna | nazA car3hA / / R. pU. - 13. R. pR. 73.

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paddhari : isake pratyeka caraNa meM 16-16 mAtrAe~ hotI hai| 8-8 mAtrAoM para vizrAma hotA hai| ||5|| ' |' ||' / / / / / / / / |' karUNAkara he! karUNA karake, ika bAra nihAra nihAla kro| yaha baMdhana hai pura-vAsa prabho! tuma mukta hue sukha se vicro| yaha bhakti bharA nabha se utarA, svara hai isameM aba artha bhro| punarAgama kA kara iMgita he, jananAyaka! mAnasa pIra hro| R.pR.-104. ukta chandoM ke atirikta pratyeka caraNa meM samAna mAtrAoM ke chaMdoM kI bahulatA hai - jaise, pratyeka caraNa meM 22-22 mAtrAoM kA chaMda : utsuka nayanoM meM dutapratibimbita vaannii| 22 zrI nAbhi nAbhi se utthita vara klyaannii| svIkRta ho, isa kanyA ko RSabha vregaa| nArI jIvana kA nava sammAna kregaa| R.pR. 49 se 59 tk| sarga15 14-14 mAtrAoM se nibandhita 8-8 caraNa vAle chaMdo kI bhI yojanA RSabhAyaNa meM huI hai| isameM gIta tatva kI pradhAnatA hai| vijaya kI mAlA pahanakara, kyoM palAyana kara rahA hai ? abhaya kA pahanA mukuTa phira, bhIti meM kyoM pala rahA hai ? gUr3ha sI banatI pahelI, satya para yaha AvaraNa hai, kisa dizA ke chaMda laya meM, bar3ha rahA Age caraNa hai| R.pU. 290, R.pU.-289 se 291 taka arddha sama mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga mahAkAvya meM pracuratA se kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM viSama caraNa meM 12-12 evaM sama caraNoM meM 14-14 to kahIM-kahIM viSama caraNoM meM 16-16 evaM sama caraNoM meM 14-14 mAtrAoM se kavitA ko nibandhita kiyA gayA hai :- . 73]

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SI SIT SI S TIST S TISTS.. jaise :- azva uttama jAti kA, manavega sA gativega hai| (12+14=26) deva! ArohaNa karo, yaha bhAvamaya saMvega hai| -- R.pR.-117. SI S SSI SI S SS SS S SIT eka bar3A AdhAra bodhi kA, bhAI-bhAI meM saMgharSa / (16+14=30) samAdhAna kevala udAratA, bana sakatA hai yaha aadrsh| R.pR.-197 15-15 samAna mAtrAoM ke udAharaNa dRSTavya hai : / / / |'|| ||' '| / / 5 / / / / / / / / 5 / prakRti manohara bahalI deza, suSamAmaya surabhita privesh| takSazilA nagarI ati ramya, bAhubalI janamAnya prnnmy| R.pR.-137. isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kavi ne jahAM paraMparAgata chaMdo kA prayoga mahAkAvya meM kiyA hai, vahIM para samAna athavA asamAna mAtrAoM se yuta chaMdoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| chaMda kavitA ke bAhya paridhAna haiN| inakI saMgati se kavitA meM sasvaratA, layAtmakatA kA pUrNa rUpeNa vikAsa huA hai| piMgala zAstra ke anusAra 'ATha gaNoM meM magaNa, nagaNa, magaNa, yagaNa, zubhagaNa hai aura zeSa cAra (jagaNa, ragaNa, sagaNa, tagaNa) ashubh| RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya kA prAraMbha 'salila satya hai, tahina satya hai' caraNa se hotA hai| gaNaniyama ke anusAra 'prArambhika zabda 'salila' meM nagaNa (iii) hai, jo zubha evam phaladAyI hai| >> sUkti sUkti kA artha hotA hai - uttama ukti yA kthn| prAcInakAla se hI 'subhASita' zloka ke rUpa meM sUktiyoM kA pracalana mAnA jAtA hai| ye sUktiyA~ jIvana ke bahuvidha pakSoM ko sUtravat prastuta karatI huyI usake marma ko rekhAMkita karatI haiN| DaoN. mInA zuklA ke anusAra- 'yadi vyAkaraNazAstrIya dRSTi se 'subhASita' tathA 'sUkti' zabdoM kA vivecana kiyA jAe to artha prAyaH eka hI hogA, phira bhI pracalana meM kisI pUrNa zloka athavA kucha vAkyoM ke samUha ko 'subhASita' saMjJA [74]

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se abhIhita kiyA jAtA hai aura kisI padyAMza, vAkyAMza athavA laghu vAkya ko 'sUkti' ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| ye sUktiyA~ adhikAMzataH aise tathyoM kI ora nirdezana karatI haiM, jo samAjAnurUpa mAnavoM ke sadAcaraNa ko dhotita karane vAlI hotI hai| aisI sUktiyA~ mAnavoM ke lie dizA-nirdezana kA kArya karatI haiN| yogavaziSTha, dhammapada Adi meM sUkti ko mahAn artha sampanna kahA gayA hai| (69) AcArya mahAprajJa ne RSabhAyaNa meM aisI sUktiyoM ko prazraya diyA hai jo jIvana ke vividha pakSoM ko udghATita karatI huyI mahat saMketa detI hai| mahAkAvya meM prayukta huI kucha sUktiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM : ghAsa, ghAsa se dUdha, dUdha se dadhi, dadhi se banatA hai tkr| R.pR.-29. takra, zakra ko bhI durlabha hai| mUla puSTa to puSTa tnaa| R.pR.-37. vidyA kAmaduhA dhenU hai| R.pR.-66. akSara ko gAgara meM saagr| R.pR.-66. zikSA-dIkSA-zUnya manuja pazu, zikSA hai dharatI kA svrg| R.pR.-68. parAvalaMba kI pravaMcanA yaha, svAvalaMba hI detA saath| R.pR.-69. Daro na, DaranA maranA tulya, karmabhUmi kA prANa karma hai| R.pR.-70. maMtra-maMtraNA se hI hotI, saMcAlana vidhiyoM kI khoj| R.pR.-70. nija para zAsana phira anuzAsana, zAsana kA yaha maulika mNtr|R.pR.-72. manuja paristhiti kI ktthputlii| R.pR.-72. jaisA kRta vaisA banatA hai, jaisA rasa hai vaisA svaad| R.pR.-72. yuga kA apanA-apanA maans| R.pR.-73. banatA hai atIta itihAsa, kevala vartamAna vizvAsa / R.pR.-77. maMthana se milatA hai aajy| R.pR.-80. binA zAMti ke mAnava hogA, vastu-vastu meM rakta R.pR.-81. saba kucha pAkara bhI mAnava mana, rahatA pratipala pyaasaa| R.pR.-165. zAzvata niyama samAja meM bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke log| R.pR.-87. ajitendriya zAsaka viphala, aMkahIna jyoM shuuny| R.pR.-88.

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UMca nIca kA bheda nahIM hai, saba nara eka smaan| R.pR.-91. cetanA jAgRta purUSa vaha, dekhatA pariNAma ko, supta mAnava purUSa kevala, dekhatA hai kAma ko| R.pR.-97. duSkara gRha kA tyAga hai| R.pR.-99 taTabaMdho ke madhya hI, saritA kA sauMdarya / R.pR.-99. roTI se baDhakara kyA, hai jaga meM shikssaa| R.pR.-111. sattA ke mada se kauna nahIM ttkraayaa| R.pR.-123. zabda kA saMsAra sImita, artha pArAvAra hai| R.pR.-127. tarU se milatA hai vishvaas| R.pR.-141. kara detA nirvIya garala ko, eka sudhA kA pyaalaa| R.pR.-165. bhAgyodaya kI zubha belA meM, milate sabhI kinaare| R.pR.-164. mA~ bachar3e ke pIche calatI, mAtA kevala mAtA hai| R.pR.-149. nirjhara kA nUtana sNdesh| R.pR.-157. khojA usane paayaa| R.pR.-168. prabala preraNA hai svtNtrtaa| R.pR.-171. janmasiddha adhikAra svavazatA, paravaza nahIM bnegeN| R.pR.-172. niyama-ajJa nara meM hI palatI, AzA aura niraashaa| R.pR.-173. AkAMkSA kA AkAza-samAna mukhauttaa| R.pR.-179. saMgraha sattA kA hai vigraha kA aakr| R.pR.-180. apanI svataMtratA lagatI sabako pyaarii| R.pR.-180. navanIta milA kaba pAnI ke maMthana se| R.pR.-181. bar3A matsya choTI machalI se, kaba karatA hai mana se pyAra ? R.pR.-201. yaha jIvana manuja kA, sahaja hI saMgrAma hai| R.pR.-220. 'lobha bar3hatA lAbha se' yaha, sUtra zAzvata satya hai| R.pR.-229. jaisA zAsaka janatA bhI vaisI hotii| R.pR.-245. ciMtana dharatI para calatA hai phalatA hai| R.pR.-245. apane ghara ko bhaya upajA apane ghara se| R.pU.-249. maitrI se pulakita mAnava hI suMdara hai| R.pR.-250. 176]

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mAnava duniyA kA hai sundaratama praannii| R.pR.-250. ahaMkAra kA roga asAdhya / R.pR.-256. kabhI nAva meM zakaTa upasthita, kabhI zakaTa meM hotI naav| R.pR.-260. pratikriyA se kriyA, kriyA se pratikriyA kA niyama amogha / R.pR.-278. sUktiyA~ tathyAtmaka aura ukti vaicitrya mUlaka hotI haiN| ina sUktiyoM ke prayoga ne AcArya mahAprajJa kI bhASA meM adbhuta vyaMjanA zakti utpanna kara dI hai. jisase usameM camatkAra. vAgvaidagdhya aura jIvana ke nIti-gata prasaMgoM kA sahaja samAveza ho gayA hai| >> kavi aura kAvya jaina dharma ke aMtargata terA paMtha dharma saMgha ke dasaveM AcArya zrImahAprajJa kA janma san 1920 saMvat 1977 Tamakora rAjasthAna meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma zrI tolArAma jI corar3iyA evam mAtA kA nAma bAlU jI thaa| bacapana meM ve nathamala pyAra se 'natthU' ke nAma se pukAre jAte the| pitA kI chatrachAyA bAlaka nathamala ke sira se alpakAla meM hI uTha gii| jisa kAraNa parivAra kI saMpUrNa jimmedArI mA~ ke kaMdhoM para hI A gii| mA~, mamatA se paripUrNa AdhyAtmika cetanA se saMpRkta eka zraddhAlu mahilA thii| jisa kAraNa bacapana se hI bAlaka nathamala ke hRdaya va mastiSka meM mAtA kI karUNA, zraddhA, AsthA, vizvAsa tathA divya saMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa hone lgaa| jisa gA~va meM inakA janma huA vaha gA~va zikSA, parivahana kI dRSTi se pichar3A huA thaa| yAtAyAta bailagAr3I evaM UMToM para AdhArita thii| sAmAnya janajIvana saMgharSamaya thaa| buniyAdI zikSA kA abhAva pUre gAMva ke lie eka jaTila prazna thaa| aise pariveza meM bAlaka nathamala umra ke pAyadAna para kadama rakhate gye| yaha nirvivAda hai ki jIvana meM vividha sopAnoM meM bacapana sabase sukhada evaM AlAdaka hotA hai| usa avadhi meM mastiSka aura hRdaya itanA pavitra evaM nirmala hotA hai ki usameM susaMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa AcaraNa ke dvArA mahApurUSoM kI kathAoM evam pracalita 77]

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kahAniyoM ke dvArA AsAnI se kiyA jA sakatA hai| kahAniyA~ sunanA evaM bAla sakhAoM ke sAtha khelanA bAlakoM kI sahajAta vRtti hai, jijJAsA usakA sahaja svabhAva hai| mA~, buvA athavA naukarAnI jaba unheM koI kahAnI sunAtI taba unakA jijJAsu mana kahAnI ke rahasya ko jAnane ke lie becaina ho utthtaa| eka bAra naukarAnI kahAnI sunA rahI thI ki - 'pahale patthara bhI bolate the, ghAsaphUsa tinake bhI bolate the| gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazu pakSI bhI manuSya kI bhASA bolate the| phira eka aisA jamAnA AyA ki sabane bolanA banda kara diyaa| kevala manuSya ke pAsa hI bolane kI zakti raha gii| isa kahAnI kA ullekha AcArya zrI ne apane 'Atmakathya' meM kiyA hai| usa samaya isa kahAnI kA prabhAva usa bAlamana para kyA par3A? isa saMbaMdha meM ve likhate haiM ki 'isa prasaMga ko sunakara merA bAlamana AMdolita ho utthaa| maiMne pUchA-kyA aba patthara bola sakate haiM? kyA gAya apane dukha-sukha kI bAta manuSya ko batA sakatI haiM ? isa prazna kA uttara mujhe nahIM milA para mAnasika udvelana ne ajJAta rahasya ko khojane kI vRtti jagA dI, aisA svIkAra karane meM mujhe koI saMkoca nahIM / (40) isa prakAra unameM ajJAta rahasya ko jAnane kI yaha jijJAsA bacapana meM hI utpanna ho gyii| jaba ye bAlasakhAoM ke sAtha khelate to usa khela meM bhI satya kA anveSaNa krte| kabhI pAnImeM banane vAle bulabule ko dekhakara usakI nirmANa prakriyA ko jAnane kA prayAsa karate, to kabhI dahalIja para lohe kI char3a ke prahAra se usase utpanna dhvani ko sunane kA prayAsa krte| sabhI bAlaceSTAoM meM unakI khojI vRtti hI sakriya rhtii| saMyoga bahuta prabala hotA hai| itanA prabala ki na to use TAlA jA sakatA hai aura na hI rokaa| ye gyArahaveM varSa meM kadama rakha rahe the| mana meM muni banane kI sAdha thI, mA~ sAdhvI bananA cAhatI thii| saMyoga yoga meM badala gyaa| muni chabIla evaM muni mUlacanda kI preraNA se inake hRdaya meM bhakti kI ajastra dhArA umar3a pdd'ii| pariNAma svarUpa 29 janavarI san 1931 ko saradAra zahara (rAjasthAna) meM terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke AThaveM AcArya pUjyapAda kAlUgaNI se mAtA aura putra ne vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka muni dIkSA lii| isa prakAra bAlaka nathamala ne muni 178]

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nathamala ke rUpa meM prasiddhi prApta kii| ____ munimArga eka aisA mArga hai jisa para koI saMyamI yA virAgI hI cala sakatA hai| manasA, vAcA, karmaNA dvArA tyAga isakI pahalI zarta hai| yaha sahaja mArga nahIM hai| binA sAMsArika tyAga ke parama sattA ke prati anurAga asambhava hai| hamAre divyagraMtha isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki parama sattA kI ora bar3he kadama umra kI sImA meM Abaddha nahIM hote| ve kadama to umrAtIta hote haiM, bhaviSya kI ciMtA nahIM hotI apitu vartamAna hI bhaviSya ko svayaM meM samAhita kie rahatA hai| mA~ ne sampatti kA tyAgakara, tyAga kI mizAla kAyama kii| isa prakAra muni nathamala apanI mAtAzrI ke sAtha saMyama patha, AdhyAtmika patha ke avismaraNIya pathika bne| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM gurU kA caramasthAna hai| binA gurU ke jJAna nahIM hotaa| gurU hI ziSya ko ajJAna se jJAna, asat se sat kI ora le jAtA hai| jaba taka gurU kI kRpA nahIM hotI taba taka 'jJAna' va 'caitanya' kA kapATa nahIM khultaa| gurU to satata ziSya kA nirmANa karatA hai, usakI AtmA ko nikhArate hue parama sattA kA sAkSAtkAra karAtA hai| sote, jAgate, uThate, baiThate, sadvANI dvArA gurU ziSya ko gar3hatA hai, tabhI to kabIra ko kahanA par3A :-- . gurU kumhAra, sikha kumbha hai, gar3hi-gar3hi kATTai khoTa / antara hAtha pasAra dai, bAhara mArai coTa / / saubhAgya se muni nathamala ko dIkSAgurU AcArya kAlUgaNI kI kRpA se sadgurU ke rUpa meM AcArya tulasI kI upalabdhi huI yAni svAtI nakSatra kI bUMda ko 'sIpa' mila gyii| svanAma dhanya AcArya tulasI kA saMpUrNa jIvanadarzana, saMyama, tapa, ahiMsA tathA AdhyAtmika sphuraNa kA paryAya rahA hai| aise gurU ke sAnidhya meM muni nathamala anuzAsana, AtmAnuzAsana kA pATha par3ha, use samagra jIvana meM Acarita kara uttarottara vikAsamAna hote rhe| jainendra ne AcArya tulasI kI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki 'AcArya tulasI una mahApurUSoM meM haiM, jinake vyaktitva se pada kabhI Upara nahIM ho paataa| AcArya tulasI itane jIvanta aura prANavanta vyakti haiM ki usa Asana kA gurUtva svayaM phIkA par3a jAtA hai| vezabhUSA se ve jainAcArya hai, kintu Antarika nirmalatA aura saMvedana kSamatA se | 791

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ve sabhI mata aura vargoM ke AtmIya bana sake haiN| maineM unheM sadA jAgRta aura tatpara pAyA hai| zaithilya kahIM dekhene meM nahIM aayaa| (1) aise gurU ke sneha evaM vAtsalya kI chatrachAyA meM muni nathamala ne jainAgama 'dazavaikAlika' se vidyAdhyayana kA zrIgaNeza kiyaa| 'dazavaikAlika' kI bhASA prAkRta hai| apane adhyayana prAraMbha ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya mahAprajJa jI likhate haiM - 'merA adhyayana bahuta maMthara gati se claa| pUre dina meM usake do-tIna zloka kaMThastha kara pAtA thaa| isa maMthara gati semuni tulasI bhI prasanna nahIM the aura pUjya kAlUgaNIbhI prasanna nahIM the| ..... thor3e dinoM bAda vaha kaThinAI bhI dUra ho gaI, merI gati teja huyI aura maiM pratidina ATha-dasa zloka kaMThastha karane lgaa| aba saba prasanna the| (42) pUjya kAlUgaNI ke vAtsalya evaM gurU tulasI ke AtmAnuzAsana se zanaiH zanaiH muni nathamala ke lie prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASA kI jaTilatA sahajatA meM parivartita hone lgii| darzana, kavitA aura vicAra abhivyakti ke lie macalane lge| dIkSAgurU kAlUgaNI ke paTTArohaNa divasa ke pazcAt jaise muni nathamala ke vicAroM kI gaMgA saMskRta bhASA meM pravahamAna hone lgii| AcArya mahAprajJa kA sAhitya virATa evaM vipula hai| ve saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI va rAjasthAnI bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita haiN| paiMsaTha-sattara varSa pUrva jainAcAryoM kI bhASA yA to saMskRta thI yA praakRt| ye donoM bhASAe~ yugAnurUpa janamAnasa ko AMdolita karane meM sakSama nahIM ho pA rahI thii| AcArya tulasI isa bAta ko samajha cuke the ki hindI bhASA kI subodhatA janakalyANa evam dharma vistAra kI dRSTi se utpreraka hogii| ve apane ziSyoM se kahate ki 'Aja samAja kI cetanA ko jhakajhorane vAlA sAhitya nahIM ke barAbara hai| isa abhAva ko pUrA huA dekhane ke lie athavA sAhitya va saMskRti ke kSetra meM jo zucipUrNa paramparAe~ calI A rahI hai unameM unmeSoM ke naye svastika ukere hue dekhane ke lie maiM becaina huuN| mere dharmasaMgha meM sudhI sAdhU sAdhviyA~ isa dRSTi se sacetana prayAsa kareM, aura kucha naI sambhAvanAoM ko janma deN| (43) gurU kI isa manokAmanA ko pUrA karane ke lie muni nathamala tathA anya sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ hindI bhASA kA koSa, satya, ahiMsA, tyAga, paramArtha, jJAna tathA paripUrNa cAritrya se samRddha karane lge| 80]

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AcArya mahAprajJa kA saMpUrNa jIvana svAdhyAya, ciMtana-manana, sAdhanA kA anupama udAharaNa hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki ve mAtra caubIsa varSa taka kI umra meM hI sAhitya evaM darzana se sambandhita anyAnya pustakoM kA gUr3ha adhyayana kara ske| anekAnta darzana ne unheM atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA isalie koI bhI mata athavA darzana unheM udvelita nahIM kara skaa| ve kisI ke 'virodha' athavA 'samarthana' ke pacar3e meM na par3a, usakI vizeSatAoM ko samanvita karate rhe| AcArya mahAprajJa likhate haiM ki 'anekAnta ko par3hane ke kAraNa anya darzanoM ke prati anatva kA bhAna nahIM rhaa| satya, satya hai phira use kisI bhI darzana ne abhivyakta kiyA ho-yahI dRSTi niSpanna huii| aba mere sAmane darzana, darzana hai, satya, satya hai, anya saba bheda gauNa hai / (44) AcArya mahAprajJa terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke saMsthApaka AcArya bhikSu ke siddhAMtoM se bahuta prabhAvita the| AcArya zrI jahAM RSabhadeva, mahAvIra svAmI, AcArya bhikSu, jayAcArya, dIkSAgurU kAlUgaNI, gurU zreSTha AcArya tulasI ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva se prabhAvita the, vahIM apane yuga ke zaktimAna vicAraka kArlamArksa, raskina, TAlasTAya tathA mahAtmA gAMdhI ke darzana kA bhI ina para prabhAva pdd'aa| ve mArksa ciMtana kI vizeSatAoM se AkarSita the, nyUnatAoM se nhiiN| AcArya tulasI ke sAtha unhoMne khUba pada yAtrAe~ kI, pravacana ke dvArA janamAnasa kA maMthana kara, use sadvRtti kI ora modd'aa| padayAtrA ke daramyAna prakRti ke vividha manohArI dRzya evaM samAja kI vibhinna gatividhiyA~ inheM prabhAvita karatI aura ve lekhanI ke dvArA kore pannoM para utaratI jaatii| AcArya mahAprajJa ne gadya evaM padya donoM vidhAoM meM samAna rUpa se likhaa| saMskRta evaM hindI unake lekhana kA mAdhyama bnii| unake sAhitya kA kSetra vistRta hai, darzana unakA priya viSaya hai| muni dulaharAja ne prahAprajJa ke saMpUrNa sAhitya ko nimnalikhita sAta vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai : (1) prekSA sAhitya (2) bhakti aura vicAra (3) darzana aura siddhAMta (4) vividhA 181 /

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(5) gadya-padya kAvya (6) kathA-sAhitya (7) saMskRta-sAhitya (45) 'prekSAdhyAna' ke saMbaMdha meM 'dazavaikAlika' saMtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'saMpikravae appagamappaeNaM'-AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kI saMprekSA karo, sthUla mana ke dvArA sUkSma mana ko dekho| sthUla cetanA ke dvArA sUkSma cetanA ko dekho| dekhanA dhyAna kA mUlatatva hai| isalie isa dhyAna paddhati kA nAma prekSAdhyAna rakhA gyaa|46) prekSAdhyAna kA svarUpa hai apramAda caitanya kA jAgaraNa yA satata jaagruuktaa| jo jAgRta hotA hai vahI apramatta hotA hai jo apramatta hotA hai vahI ekAgra hotA hai| ekAgracitta vAlA vyakti hI dhyAna kara sakatA hai|) AcArya mahAprajJa ne prekSA sAhitya ke aMtargata yoga aura dhyAna kI sUkSmAtisUkSma gatividhiyoM para prakAza DAlA hai| isameM 'kaise soMce ?', 'kisane kahA mana caMcala hai ?', 'ekalA calo re', 'mana ke jIte jIta', 'AbhAmaNDala', 'avacetana mana se saMparka', 'aham', 'amUrta ciMtana', 'appANaM zaraNaM gacchAmi', 'anekAMta hai tIsarA netra', 'mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA rahasya', 'jainayoga', 'soyA mana jaga jAe', 'abhaya kI khoja', 'samAdhi kI khoja', 'samAdhi kI niSpatti', 'merI dRSTi merI sRSTi', 'prekSAdhyAna-zvAsaprekSA', 'prekSAdhyAna aura kAyotsarga', 'dhyAna aura kAryotsarga'-Adi racanAeM pramukha evaM sarvopayogI siddha huyI hai| 'vyakti' aura 'vicAra' ke antargata AcArya mahAprajJa ne jaina darzana se sambandhita mahAna vibhUtiyoM ke jIvana darzana se samagra mAnava jAti ko paricita karAyA hai, jisameM 'zramaNa mahAvIra', "bhikSu vicAra darzana', 'prajJApurUSa jayAcArya', 'dharmacakra kA pravartana', 'AcArya zrI tulasI-jIvana aura darzana', Adi kRtiyA~ mukhya haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa ke jIvana para ukta mahApurUSoM kA anyatama prabhAva pdd'aa| svAmI mahAvIra saMpUrNa jaina darzana ke mUla meM hai ve caubIsaveM tIrthakara ke rUpa meM khyAt dhyAna aura tapa ke pratIka purUSa haiN| samyak jJAna, samyak dRSTi aura samyak cAritrya unake tatva ciMtana kA mUlamaMtra hai| AcArya bhikSu 'terApaMtha dharma saMgha' ke saMsthApaka haiN| 'terApaMtha' kI sthApanA meM unheM aneka saMgharSoM evaM virodhoM kA sAmanA karanA 82]

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par3A, kintu ve dhuna ke pakke the, raMcamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue| satya, ahiMsA evaM AcaraNa kI zuddhatA jIvana ke utthAna ke lie ve Avazyaka mAnate the| ve kavi aura mahAn sAhityakAra ke rUpa meM bhI pratiSThita the| AcArya bhikSu ke tatvadarzana se adhika prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa hI AcArya mahAprajJa ne usakI bArIkiyoM kI sthApanA 'bhikSu vicAra darzana' meM kI hai| 'jayAcArya' terApaMtha dharmasaMgha ke cauthe AcArya the| Apa eka sthira yogI ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rahe haiN| Agama graMthoM ke atirikta stuti, darzana, nyAya, chaMda, vyAkaraNa, dhyAna-yoga jaise vividha viSayoM ke Apa mahApaNDita the| virodhI va avirodhI donoM samAna rUpa se ApakI pratibhA kA sammAna karate the| eka anya matAvalambI ne jayAcArya ke sambaddha meM kahA thA ki - "jisa saMgha meM aise vicAravAna sthira yogI muni vidyamAna hai, usa saMgha kI nIMva ko kama se kama 100 varSa taka koI hilA nahIM sktii| (48) AcArya tulasI 'terApaMtha dharmasaMgha' ke nauveM gurU the| ApakI pratibhA prakhara thii| sAmpradAyika sadbhAva, nArI jAgaraNa, saMskAra, nirmANa, rUr3hi unmUlana evaM sAmAjika burAIyoM ke bahiSkAra hetu Apa jIvanaparyanta sakriya rhe| aNuvrata, prekSAdhyAna evaM jIvana vijJAna kI tridhArA mAnavamAtra meM naitika, mAnasika aura usameM saMpUrNa vyaktitva ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hai| aise mahAna saMta evama garU kI vaicArika dhAraNAoM se sampoSita AcArya mahAprajJa ne unake traya siddhAMtoM kA pracAra-prasAra karate hue use rASTra kI zakti aura akhaNDatA ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai| jaina darzana aura siddhAMta se sambandhita kRtiyoM meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne jaina darzana ke mUlatatvoM kI vyAkhyA vartamAna ciMtana dhArAoM ke saMbaMdha meM kiyA hai, jinameM 'jaina dharma manana aura mImAMsA', 'jaina nyAya kA vikAsa', 'satya kI khoja', 'anekAMta ke Aloka meM', 'karmavAda', 'manana aura mUlyAMkana', (pravacanoM kA laghusaMgraha), 'ahiMsA tatva darzana', 'ahiMsA kI sahI samajha', 'ahiMsA aura usake vicAraka', 'jaina darzana ke maulika tatva', 'jaina paramparA kA itihAsa', 'jaina tatva ciMtana', 'jaina dharma darzana', "jaina-darzana meM AcAra-mImAMsA', "jaina darzana meM jJAna-mImAMsA', 'jaina darzana meM tatva mImAMsA', 'jIva-ajIva', 'bIja aura baragada', 'aNuvrata darzana', rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya 1831

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samasyAe~ aura aNuvrata, 'naitika pAThamAlA' Adi kRtiyA~ mukhya haiN| vividhA ke antargata AcArya mahAprajJa ke vividha viSayoM para pravacana saMgrahita haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa kI vaktRtva kSamatA adbhuta evaM pAradarzI hai| ve jisa bhI varga ko saMbodhita kara rahe hote haiM, unake eka-eka zabda usa varga se sambandhita pratyeka vyakti ke antarmana ko sparzita karate haiN| unakI vinamravANI kI amRta dhAra mana ke kAluSya, vibhrama athavA mithyA ko prakSAlita kara satya ko udghATita karatI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM muni dulaharAja likhate haiM ki 'yuvAcArya zrI mahAprajJa kabhI dArzanika viSayoM para pravacana karate hue vidvada maMDalI ko saMbodhita karate haiM, to kabhI sAmAnya viSayoM para janasAdhAraNa ke bIca bolate haiN| kabhI ve zikSaka aura vidyArthiyoM ko udbodhita karate haiM, to kabhI rAjanayikoM aura rAjyAdhikAriyoM ko dizA nirdeza dete haiN| kabhI mahilAoM ko unake kartavyoM se paricita karAte haiM, to kabhI yuvakoM ko dAyitva bodha kI agati dekara adhyAtma meM purUSArtha ke visphoTa kI bAta karate haiM / (69) artha, dharma, kAma, mokSa ye cAra purUSArtha haiN| mokSa adhyAtma kI parAkASThA hai| purUSArtha eka sAtvika karma hai, jisameM 'sad' kI saMpUrNa sattA hai| jagat kA unmeSa, jIvana kA AnaMda, AtmA kI parizuddhi purUSArtha kA hetu hai| divya saMdezoM se maNDita AcArya mahAprajJa ke pravacana 'ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale', 'maiM : merA mana merI zAMti', 'vicAra kA anubaMdha', 'samasyA kA patthara', 'adhyAtma kI chenI', 'tuma anaMta zakti ke strota ho', 'naitikatA kA gurUtvAkarSaNa', 'taTa do pravAha eka', 'terApaMtha zAsana anuzAsana', 'dharma ke sUtra', 'hindI janajana kI bhASA', 'bAladIkSA para manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa', 'visarjana', "samAja vyavasthA ke sUtra', 'saMbhava hai samAdhAna' Adi kRtiyoM meM saMgrahita hai| yadi nibaMdha gadya kI kasauTI hai to kalpanA, anubhUti aura bhAva padya kii| nibaMdha meM tathya ko satya kI kasauTI para kasA jAtA hai, to kavitA meM anubhUti va kalpanA ke sahAre jIvana ke uccamArga ko vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| eka meM buddhitatva kI pradhAnatA hai to dUsare meM hRdaya kii| eka meM vicAra hai to dUsare meM bhaav| AcArya mahAprajJa ke kAvya meM ina donoM tatvoM kI pradhAnatA hai| lekhaka jaba vicAra, darzana kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAte-sulajhAte thaka jAtA hai taba mAnasika AhlAda hetu [84] 84

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usameM bhItara kA kavi mukharita ho uThatA hai| AcArya zrI kA priya viSaya hai ciMtana, manana evam drshn| isalie unake kAvya meM 'darzana' kA adbhuta sAMmajasya milatA hai| kavitA sRjana ke saMbaMdha meM mahAprajJa jI likhate hai 'kavitA mere jIvana kA pradhAna viSaya nahIM hai| maiMne ise sahacarI kA gaurava nahIM diyaa| mujhe isase anucarI kA samarpaNa milA hai| maiMne kavitA kA AlaMbana taba liyA, jaba ciMtana kA viSaya badalanA caahaa| maiMne kavitA kA AlaMbana taba liyA, jaba dArzanika gutthiyoM ko sulajhAte-sulajhAte thakAna kA anubhava kiyaa| (50) prAyaH kaviyoM ke lie kavitA 'sahacarI' ke rUpa meM hI abhivyakta huyI hai, use anucarI ke rUpa meM koI saMta hI svIkAra kara sakatA hai| isIlie mahAprajJa kI kavitA pAThaka yA zrotA kA vaicArika maMthana karatI hai| unhoMne gadya kAvya ke rUpa meM 'anubhava ciMtana manana', 'gUMjate svara bahare kAna', 'baMdI zabda : mukta bhAva', 'bhAva aura anubhAva', 'vijaya ke Aloka meM', "vijaya yAtrA', 'agni jalatI hai' Adi kRtiyoM kI racanA kii| 'phUla aura aMgAre' unakI chandobaddha kavitAoM kA saMgraha hai to 'nAsti kA astitva' laghu kaavykRti| mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM 'RSabhAyaNa' unakI sarvottama kRti hai| isa mahAkAvya meM Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ke jIvana carita, kArya evaM pradeya kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA gayA hai| 'loka' aura 'adhyAtma' kA isameM adbhuta sAmaMjasya hai| RSabhAyaNa kI nirmANa prakriyA para AcArya zrI likhate haiM ki 'isakA nirmANa eka vizeSa kalpanA ke sAtha huA isalie yaha na kevala vidvada yogya hai aura na kevala janabhogya, yaha donoM kI manodazA kA sparza karane vAlA hai| .... isa mahAkAvya meM kathAvastu kI saralatA, vyAkhyAna kI zailI kA anubhava karA rahI hai aura rasAtmakatA kAvya kI zailI kA anubhava karA rahI hai| abhidhA vyAkhyAna kA AnaMda de rahI hai| lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA kAvya kA AsvAda karA rahI hai| (51) AcArya mahAprajJa kI kathA-sAhitya meM bhI gaharI paiTha hai| 'gAgara meM sAgara' unakI laghukathAoM kA saMgraha hai| inakI kahAniyAM marmasparzI haiN| 'niSpatti' laghu upanyAsa hai jisameM lekhaka kA ahiMsAtmaka dRSTikoNa spaSTa huA hai| ___ AcArya zrI saMskRta sAhitya ke marmajJa haiN| saMskRta-sAhitya meM 'azruvINA', 'ratnapAla carita', 'atulAtulA', 'mukulam' Adi unakI pramukha racanAe~ haiN| maMdAkrAMtA 85]

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chaMda meM nibandhita 'azruvINA', eka khaNDa kAvya hai / isakI kathAvastu 'jainAgamaH meM pracalita mahAvIra svAmI evaM candanabAlA kI janazruti para AdhArita hai / kathA ke anusAra eka durAcArI dvArA rAjakumArI vasumatI (candanA) kA apaharaNa kara kauzAmbI ke eka seTha ke hAtha beca diyA jAtA hai, jahAM seThAnI ke dvArA use mAnasika, zArIrika yaMtraNA dI jAtI hai| saMyoga se mahAvIra svAmI apanA 'abhigraha' pUrA karane ke lie Ate haiM, jinheM dekha candanA praphullita ho uThatI haiM / vahA~ abhigraha pUrA hone kI sArI sthitiyA~ thI, kiMtu candanA kI A~khoM meM A~sU nahIM the| bhagavAna binA bhikSAgrahaNa kiye hI vApasa cale gae jisase candanA kA antaHmana vilApa karane lgaa| A~khoM se azrudhArA pravAhita hone lgii| azrupravAha se bhagavAna candanA kI ora abhimukha ho usake hAtha se ubale hue ur3ada ke dAnoM ko grahaNa kara apanA abhigraha pUrA kiyaa| isa prakAra 'azruvINA' meM caMdanA kA azru hI prastuta kAvya kA pratipAdya hai| jina bhAvoM ko vANI ke dvArA vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ve bhAva A~suoM dvArA vyakta ho vedanA ke eka-eka rUpa ko vyakta kara dete haiN| AMsuoM meM taralatA hai isIlie usameM bhAvAbhivyakti kI saghanatA hai / candanA ke A~sU jahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ke prati bhakti evam samarpaNa ke 'A~sU' vahIM usakI karUNa sthiti ke bhI A~sU haiM, jisameM usakA paristhiti janya jIvana DUbA huA hai| isa khaNDakAvya meM candanA kI bhakti tathA mahAvIra svAmI kI udAratA, karUNA, tapasyA evaM nArI jagata ke prati unakI asIma kRpAlu saMvedanA kA varNana prazaMsanIya hai / 1 'ratnapAla carita' jaina paurANika AkhyAna para AdhArita khaNDakAvya hai / isameM kula pAMca sarga haiM, jisameM zakrapura ke rAjA ratnapAla ke bAlapana se lekara muni banane taka kI kathA varNita hai / 'ratnapAlacarita' kI nAyikA rAjakumArI ratnavatI hai, jo ratnapAla se prema karatI hai, usake viyoga meM vaha abhitapta hai| jaMgaloM meM vicaraNa karatI huyI vaha apane priya kA patA per3a-paudhoM se pUchatI hai| saMyoga se muni bane ratnapAla ke upadeza se ratnavatI 'sAdhvI' ho jAtI hai / jIvana hI badala jAtA hai / isa prakAra 'laukika' jagata ke AkarSaNa se prArambha kAvya kA uddezya 'alaukika' jagata kA nidarzana hai| vastutaH sAMsArika prema kA alaukika jagata kI ora mArgAntarIkaraNa hI vAstavika prema hai| 86

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'sambodhi' kA bhI mUlAdhAra hai 'jainAgama' / ise vidvAnoM dvArA jainaparamparA kI gItA mAnA gayA hai / yadi gItA - darzana meM IzvarArpaNa kI bhAvanA kA prAbalya to jaina darzana meM AtmArpaNa kI mahimA hai / isameM Adi se anta taka AtmA kI parikramA karate hue calane kA nirdeza / gItA aura saMbodhi kI bhAvabhUmi meM samAnatA hai| AcArya zrI ne likhA hai ki 'gItA kA arjuna kurUkSetra ke samarAMgaNa meM klIva hotA hai, to saMbodhi kA meghakumAra sAdhanA kI samarabhUmi meM klIva banatA hai| gItA ke gAyaka yogIrAja kRSNa hai aura saMbodhi ke gAyaka haiM zramaNa mahAvIra / arjuna kA paurUSa jAga uThA, kRSNa kA upadeza sunakara aura mahAvIra kA upadeza sunakara megha kumAra kI AtmA caitanya se jagamagA uThI / dIpaka se dIpaka jalatA hai| eka kA prakAza dUsare ko prakAzita karatA hai| meghakumAra ne jo prakAza pAyA vahI prakAza vyApaka rUpase saMbodhi meM hai / " (52) AcArya mahAprajJa mAtra dArzanika, lekhaka athavA kavi hI nahIM hai, apitu Azukavi bhI haiN| Azukavitva kI zakti virale logoM meM hI hotI hai / 'atulA- tulA' muktaka kAvya unakI Azu kavitva, samasyApUrti kA prakRSTha udAharaNa hai / eka santa hone ke nAte AcArya zrI sthAna-sthAna kA paribhramaNa kara apane divya pravacanoM se janamAnasa kA saMskAra karate rahe haiN| vidvada sabhAoM meM ApakI upasthiti tathA akasmAt diye gaye viSayoM para tatkAla saMskRta meM kavitA kI prastuti sarAhanIya rahI hai| unhoMne zravaNabelagola (karnATaka) meM bAhubalI kI mUrti ke samakSa Azu kavitva karate hue apanI medhA kA paricaya diyA thA, jisakA kucha aMza dRSTavya hai :svatantratAyAH prathamo'sti dIpaH na to na vA yat skhalitaH kvacinna tyAgasya puNyaH prathamaH pradIpaH paramparANAM prathamA pravRttiH samarpaNasyAdya padaM vibhAti, visarjanam mAna pade pratiSTham / zaileza zailI viddhata svakArye, zaileza eSa pratibhAti mUrttaH | (53) 87

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samasyApUrti meM bhI AcArya mahAprajJa siddhahasta haiN| siMdUravindu vidhavA lalATe' paMkti para samasyA pUrti karate hue kavi zrI ne kahA :-- siMdUra vindurvidhavA lalATe, gaMgAmbu gaure kRta vidumerpAH / svaMraktimAnaM, nayane mukhe'pi, draSTuH smayaH kiM pratibimba yettt|54) tilaka vidyApITha puNe evaM banArasa saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM samasyApUrti hetu AcArya zrI ko jo viSaya diyA gayA usakI bAnagI unake 'Atmakathya' meM dekhI jA sakatI hai|(55) 'mukulam saMskRta ke laghu nibaMdhoM kA saMkalana haiN| isameM kula 49 nibaMdha saMgrahita haiM, jo bhAvanAtmaka, saMvedanAtmaka evaM vicArAtmaka koTi ke haiN| yaha pustaka vidyArthiyoM ke lie vizeSataH upayogI hai| 'tulasI maMjarI' prAkRta vyAkaraNa se sambandhita racanA hai| ise prAkRta vyAkaraNa ko sahaja evaM bodhagamya banAne hetu likhA gayA hai| isa prakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ke sAhitya kA kSetra vistRta hai| unake pratyeka vicAra kA samApana darzana se hotA hai| anekAMta-darzana kA prabhAva una para vizeSa hai, isalie kisI bhI darzana yA dharma se unakA koI virodha nhiiN| jahA~ bhI unheM satya dikhA, vahA~ unakA AkarSaNa bddh'aa| ve kisI 'vAda' meM nahIM par3e aura na hI kisI vAda para unakA vizvAsa thaa| unhoneM spaSTa zabdoM meM ghoSaNA kI : vAda lekara tuma calo vaha DagamagAtA sA lgegaa| hArda lekara tuma calo vaha jagamagAtA sA lgegaa| capalatA ko jor3a dekho, satya asthira sA lgegaa| capalatA ko chor3a dekhoM, satya susthira sA lgegaa|56) mahAna saMta hamezA yuga jIvana ko apane caritra se prabhAvita karate rahe haiN| yadi kahIM prema dekhA to hRdaya pulakana se bhara gayA, aura yadi kahIM zoSaNa dekhA to mana ubala pdd'aa| mAnava dvArA mAnava kA zoSaNa mAnavatA para bahuta bar3A [ 881

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kalaMka hai, bahuta bar3I hiMsA hai / mahAprajJa jI mAnavatA ke upAsaka haiM / mAnavatA ahiMsA kA hI paryAya hai, jisakA saMsthApaka svayaM mAnava hI hai aura yadi isa sRSTi ko kisI bhagavAna ne banAyI hai, to kyA usane hI zoSaka aura zoSita ko banAyA / yadi hA~ to mahAprajJa jI bhagavAna kI sattA ke samakSa eka vikaTa prazna khar3A karate haiM, jisakA koI uttara nahIM = yadi maiM bhagavAna hotA to isa dharatI para eka bhI AdamI buddhimAna nahIM hotA kyA sarvavyApI prabhu sRSTi isalie racatA hai ki buddhimAna, buddhihIna kA zoSaNa karatA rahe | (57) isa prakAra niSkAma bhAva se AcArya mahAprajJa manasA, vAcA, karmaNA apanI lekhanI evaM pravacana ke dvArA mAnavatA ke mArga ko prazasta karate rahate haiN| aise santa kisI bhI rASTra kI amUlya dharohara hai / ve kevala jainadharma ke hI anuyAyI nahIM hai, ve to vizva mAnava dharma ke puraskartA haiM / aise kavirmanISI ko zat zat vandana / kAvya kA lakSya jaba koI kavi kisI kAvya athavA mahAkAvya kI racanA meM pravRtta hotA hai taba usakA koI na koI mahata uddezya hotA hai / mAnava kI pratyeka pravRtti hetu mUlaka hotI hai, aura yahI hetu use kArya ke lie pravRtta karatA hai / jisa lakSya ko dhyAna meM rakha kara kavi kAvya kA sRjana karatA hai, vaha lakSya hI usakA prayojana hotA hai| sAhitya kA jIvana se ghaniSTha sambandha hai / dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa jIvana vikAsa ke kramika sopAna haiM / isa caturvarga kI prApti jIvana kA parama lakSya hai| isalie kAvya kA prayojana bhI caturvarga kI prApti hai| bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne kAvya prayojana kI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai aura mAnA hai ki pratyeka kavi apane jIvana ke kisI na kisI lakSya ko pUrA karane ke lie kAvya kA sRjana karatA hai| kucha 'yaza' kI kAmanA karate haiM, to kucha artha kI, kucha 89

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dharma kI kAmanA karate haiM to kucha mAna pratiSThA kI, kucha loka kalyANa meM pravRtta hote haiM to kucha 'svAntaH sukhAya' meN| apanI-apanI rUci aura bhAvanAnurUpa hI kavi kAvya kA sRjana karate haiM / AcArya bharata muni ne nATya zAstra meM kAvya prayojana ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki : dharmya yazasyamAyuSyaM hitaM buddhi vivarddhanam / lokopadeza jananaM nATyametada bhaviSyati / arthAt nATya dharma, yaza aura Ayu kA sAdhaka, hitakAraka buddhi kA vardhaka tathA lokopadezaka hotA hai| AcArya bhAmaha ne dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa, prIti (Ananda) tathA kIrti ko kAvya kA prayojana mAnA hai| unake anusAra :-- dharmArtha kAma mokSeSu vaicakSaNyaM kalAsu ca / karoti kIrti prIti ca sAdhu kAvya nibandhanam / / (58) AcArya vAmana ne 'kAvyaM saT dRSTAdRSyarthaM prIti kIrti hetutvAt kathana se kAvya ke dRSTa prayojana meM prIti athavA AnaMda aura adRSTa prayojana meM 'kIrti' athavA 'yaza' ko mAnA hai| AcArya rudraTa ke anusAra kAvya kA prayojana 'yaza' vistAra hai / kuntaka ne kAvya kA prayojana dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa se bar3hakara paramAnanda kI prApti mAnA hai : caturvarga phalAsvAvamapyatikramya tadRidAma | kAvyAmRtara senAMntazcatmakaro vitanyate / / (69) AcArya mammaTa ne kAvya prayojana kI vistRta vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki : kAvya yazase'rthakRte vyavahAra vide zivetara kSataye / sadyaH para nirvRtaye kAntA sammita tayopadezayuje / / (60) arthAt yaza, dhana, vyAvahArika jJAna kI upalabdhi, aziva kI kSati (lokahita ), alaukika AnaMda kI prApti aura kAntA sammati upadeza kAvya ke prayojana haiM / Jan1

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rItikAla ke prasiddha kavi bhikhArIdAsa ne kAvya kA prayojana nimnalikhita kavitA ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai : eka lahai tapa puMjana ke phala, jyoM tulasI arU sUra gosaaii| eka lahai bahu saMpatti kezava, bhUSaNa jyoM bara vIra bdd'aaii|| ekanha ko jasa hI so prayojana, haiM rasakhAni rahIma kI naaii| dAsa kavitanha kI carcA, buddhivantana ko sukha dai saba tthaaii|| mammaTa kI bhA~ti bhikhArIdAsa ne bhI kAvya kA prayojana caturvarga kI prApti (tapa puMjoM kA phala). sampatti, yaza aura AnaMda ko mAnA hai| kAvya kA uddezya mahat hotA hai| yadi lokamaMgala kI dhAraNA se kAvya kA sRjana hotA hai| to vahI kAvya akSuNNa evaM kAla ke kapAla para amiTa rekhA khIMcane meM samartha hotA hai| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI 'svAntaH sukhAya' se prerita ho kAvya racanA meM pravRtta hue| yahI kAraNa thA ki unakA kAvya loka hitAya bnaa| kAvya manorajana kI vastu nahIM hai, Ananda kA viSaya hai| AnandAnubhUti divyAtidivya tabhI ho pAtI hai jaba vaha lokamaMgala kI dhAraNA se maMDita hotI hai| sAhitya ko samAja kA darpaNa mAnane kA kAraNa bhI yahI hai ki usakA pratyakSataH athavA apratyakSataH sambandha jIvana se hai| vaha jIvana ke laukika athavA AdhyAtmika pakSoM kA udghATana kartA hai| isalie lokakalyANa kI dRSTi se usakI bhUmikA ahaM ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra kAvya mAtra manoraMjana kA viSaya nahIM apitu jIvana kA patha pradarzaka hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke anusAra :- prAyaH sunane meM AtA hai ki kavitA kA uddezya manoraMjana hai, para jaisA ki hama pahale kaha Ae haiM kavitA kA aMtima lakSya jagata ke mArmika pakSoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa karake unake sAtha manuSya hRdaya kA sAmaMjasya sthApana hai|6) AcArya nandadulAre bAjapeyI sAhitya kA prayojana AtmAnubhUti mAnate haiN| unake anusAra 'kAvyAnubhUti svataH eka akhaNDa Atmika vyApAra hai, jise kisI dArzanika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika yA sAhityika khaNDa vyApAra yA vAda se jor3ane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| samasta sAhitya meM isa anubhUti yA Atmika vyApAra kA prasAra rahA hai| kAvya kA prayojana manoraMjana athavA sAmAjika vaiSamya se dUra bhAganA athavA palAyana se bhI nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki vaisI [91]

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avasthA meM AtmAnubhUti ke prakAzana kA pUrA avasara racayitA ko nahIM mila sakegA, usakI racanA adhUrI aura apaMga rhegii| (62) AcArya zukla aura AcArya bAjapeyI ke mantavya se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki kavitA kA aMtima lakSya manoraMjana nahIM hai, kintu kavi dvArA usakI avahelanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| manoraMjana bhI jIvana kA eka hissA hai kintu aMtima lakSya nhiiN| DaoN. nagendra - kAvya kA prayojana kavi kI AtmAbhivyakti kI bhAvanA mAnate haiN| unake anusAra 'sahitya kA prayojana AtmAbhivyakti hai| kavi yA lekhaka ke hRdaya meM jo bhAva yA vicAra uThate haiM unheM vaha prakAzita karanA cAhatA hai / (63) isa prakAra Atma-prakAzana kI kSamatA ko avasara denA hI sAhitya kA mUla prayojana hai| AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI sAhitya kA prayojana vizuddha mAnava jIvana se jor3ate hue likhate haiM ki 'maiM sAhitya ko manuSya kI dRSTi se dekhane kA pakSapAtI huuN| jo vAgjAla manuSya kI durgati, hInatA aura parAmukhApekSitA se bacA na sake, jo usakI AtmA ko tejodIpta na banA sake, jo usake hRdaya ko para duHkhakAtara aura saMvedanazIla na banA sake, use sAhitya kahane meM mujhe saMkoca hotA hai| (64) isa saMbaMdha meM bAlakRSNa zarmA 'navIna' kA kathana hai ki 'mere nikaTa sat sAhitya kA eka hI mApadaNDa hai, vaha yaha hai ki kisa sImA taka koI sAhityika kRti mAnava ko uccatara, sundaratama evaM pariSkRta banAtI hai| (65) gulAbarAya bhI kAvya kA prayojana AtmAnubhUti mAnate haiN| unake anusAra 'bhAratIya dRSTi meM AtmA kA artha saMkucita vyaktitva nahIM hai| vistAra hI meM AtmA kI pUrNatA hai| lokahita bhI ekAtmavAda kI dRr3ha AdhArazilA para khar3A ho sakatA hai| yaza, artha, yauna sambandha, lokahita sabhI Atmahita ke nIce yA U~ce rUpa haiN| .... ina saba prayojanoM meM vahI uttama haiM, jo AtmA kI vyApaka se vyApaka aura adhika se adhika sampanna anubhUti meM sahAyaka ho, isI se lokahita kA mAna hai |66) ___ AcArya tulasI ke abhimata se 'sAhitya kA sahI lakSya hai Atma sAdhanA kI jyoti se jAjvalyamAna vANI dvArA jana-jana ko prakAza denA / (67) isa prakAra AcArya tulasI 'AtmasAdhanA' ke pariprekSya meM janakalyANa kI bhAvanA ko hI sAhitya 92]

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kA prayojana mAnate haiM / pAzcAtya kAvyazAstriyoM meM pleTo, raskina, TAlasTaoNya, ricarDsa ne kAvya kA prayojana lokamaMgalakArI mAnA hai| pleTo ke anusAra 'kAvya kA lakSya hai--Antarika udAttabhAva aura saundarya ko udghATita karanA, loka vyavasthA aura nyAya saMgatatA kA paripAlana karanA aura jagata ke satya rUpa kI hI abhivyakti karanA / *(68) arastu ne 'nIti sApekSa Ananda ko kAvya kA uddezya mAnA hai to vikTara kajina kalA kA uddezya naitika sauMdarya kI abhivyakti svIkArate haiM / (69) varDsavartha kI dRSTi meM kAvya kA lakSya hai 'satya aura sauMdarya ke mAdhyama se Ananda pradAna krnaa|' zele bhI mAnate haiM ki 'kAvya jIvana kA pratibimba hai jo isake nitya satya meM abhivyakta rahatA hai | (70) - isa prakAra saMskRta, hindI evam pAzcAtya jagata ke vicArakoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se kAvya prayojana kI vyAkhyA kI haiN| saMskRta ke AcAryoM ne kAvya kA prayojana - dharma, yaza, lokopadezaka, artha, kAma, mokSa, Ananda, kAntAsammati upadeza, ziva kI kSati tathA paramAnanda mAnA hai / hindI ke kaviyoM evam samIkSakoM ne kAvya kA lakSya 'svAntaH sukhAya' jagata ke mArmika pakSoM kA udghATna para dukhakAtaratA, saMvedanazIlatA, lokamaMgala kI dhAraNA, AtmAnubhUti tathA jIvana meM satya, zivam, sundaram kI pratiSThA - sunizcita kiyA hai| pAzcAtya vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM kAvya prayojana - lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA, sauMdarya, Ananda, udAtta bhAva kI pratiSThA tathA jagata ke satya kA udghATana honA caahie| kintu aisA kavi jo mAna, pratiSThA, pada, yaza, garimA, dhana, vaibhava Adi lokeSaNA se mukta ho usake kAvya kA kyA prayojana ho sakatA hai? AcArya mahAprajJa ke saMbaMdha meM yaha prazna vicAraNIya evaM gaMbhIra hai| AcArya mahAprajJa tatvavettA dArzanika evam samAja sudhAraka saMta haiM, ve saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI saMsArAtIta haiM / ve Atma sAdhanA meM rata apanI jAjvalyamAna vANI se jana-jana ke hRdaya ko prakAzita karane vAle pAvana pradIpa haiN| isalie unake kAvya kA lakSya lokakalyANa evaM svAntaH sukhAya hI hai / apane lekhana ke saMbaMdha meM AcArya zrI kA kathana hai ki 'merA lekhana na prakAzana se jur3A thA aura na bAjAra se / vaha svAntaH sukhAya se jur3A thA / (71) 'lekhana merA vyavasAya nahIM 93

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hai aura na maiMne lekhana ko dakSatA ke sAtha jor3A hai| merA lekhana apekSA se jur3A hai| gurUdeva ne jisa apekSA kI ora iMgita kiyA usa ora lekhanI gatizIla ho gyii| (2) gurU kI apekSAoM ko pUrA karane ke lie jo ziSya kAvyasAgara meM utarA ho, usake niSkAma karmayoga kI thAha koI sAdhaka hI lagA sakatA hai| sadgurU AcArya tulasI kI dhArmika, sAmAjika aura dArzanika bhAvanAoM kI pratipUrti hI AcArya mahAprajJa ke kAvya kA prayojana hai-jisameM unakI AtmAbhivyakti evaM lokamaMgala kI bhAvanA samAhita hai| muni dulaharAja ne AcArya zrI ke nimnalikhita kAvyodadezyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : vyakti vyakti kA nirmANa evaM sukhI samAja kI racanA. aise samAja kI racanA jisameM vijJAna aura adhyAtma kA samanvaya ho. vyakti kI abhyAntara jyoti ko prajjavalita karanA. viveka cetanA aura naitika cetanA kA jAgaraNa karanA. mastiSka ko prazikSita karane ke sUtroM kA avabodha karanA. mAnavIya saMvedanA kA jAgaraNa karanA. darzana kI jIvana ke sAtha saMyuti karanA. mAnavIya cetanA meM samatA aura anukampA kI jAgRti karanA. apane uttaradAyitva kA avabodha denA. (73) isa prakAra AcArya mahAprajJa mahat uddezyoM se paripUrNa, mAnavIya saMvedanA tathA AdhyAtmika cetanA se sampRkta navonmeSazAlinI samatA ko pratiSThita karate hue jana-jana ko AtmAnanda paramAnanda kA saMdeza dete haiM aura yaha divya saMdeza hI unake kAvya kA prayojana hai| --00-- | 94

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saMdarbha sUcI 1. uddhRta, sAhitya kI vividha vidhAe~ - DaoN. rAmaprakAza AcArya vizvanAtha kavirAja-sAhitya darpaNa-SaSTha pariccheda, pra.-15-25. 3. anukRti-vAgve pathvAsvastiH AcArya kalyANamAla lor3hA, pR.-3-4. (jatanalAla rAmapuriyA) Adhunika hindI kavitA meM gIti tatva-DaoN.saccidAnaMda tivArI, pR.-122. DaoN.zaMbhUnAtha siMha-hindI meM mahAkAvya kA svarUpa vikAsa, pR.-131. kalA, sAhitya aura samIkSA-Adhanika hindI mahAkAvya, DaoN. bhagIratha mizra, pR.-179. pudgala koSa-prathama khaNDa, saM.-mohanalAla bA~ThiyA, zrIcaMda corar3iyA, pR.-26. jaina tatva vidyA-prathama saMskaraNa, san 2000, pR.-11. 9. RSabhAyaNa-AcArya mahAprajJa-jaina vizva bhAratI prakAzana lADanUM, pR.-16. 10. dhvanyAloka - Ananda vardhana, 3/22. 11. rasa siddhAnta - DaoN. nagendra, pR.-286. 12. AcArya tulasI kA kAvya vaibhava - samaNI kusumaprajJA, pR.-226. _ bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra-DaoN.kRSNadeva zarmA-pR.-269. (khaNDa 'kha' pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra) 14. anukRti - jatanalAla rAmapuriyA 15. jaina tatva vidyA, khaNDa-1, gaNAdhipati tulasI-saM.sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhA, pR.-34. 16. rasa siddhAnta-DaoN. nagendra, pR.-13-14. 17. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, graMthAvalI, bhAga-7, pR.-206. 18. kAvyAMga kaumudI-(tRtIya kalA), vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, alaMkAra, pR.-75. 19. pallava kI bhUmikA-sumitrAnandana paMta, pR.-19. 20. hindI kAvya meM anyokti DaoN.saMsAra caMdra, .-68. 21. naye kaviyoM ke kAvya zilpa siddhAnta-DaoN. divika rameza, pR.-265. 951

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22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. chAyAvAdI kAvya : sauMdarya vaividhya saM. zItalA prasAda dube, pR. 15. nayI kavitA kI bhASA DaoN. ravinAtha siMha, pR. - 214. Atmanepada, ajJeya, pR. 42. kalpanA aura chAyAvAda, kedAranAtha siMha, pR. - 98. nayI kavitA ke prabaMdha kAvya-zilpa aura jIvanadarzana, pR. - 229. kalA, sAhitya aura samIkSA - DaoN. bhagIratha mizra, pR. - 185. vahI, pR. 185. kabIra, saM. vijayendra snAtaka, pR. - 203 vicAra aura vizleSaNa - DaoN. nagendra, pR. 75. RSabha aura mahAvIra A. mahAprajJa, pR. 56. jaina tatvajJAna praznottarI-muni jineza kumAra, pR. - 76. kAvyAMga kaumudI - AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra / , pR. 213 AcArya tulasI kA kAvya vaibhava-samaNI kusuma prajJA, pR. 219. mahAdevI varmA kI kAvya-sAdhanA - pro. kRSNa deva zarmA, pR. 138. bhavAnI prasAda mizra kI kAvya bhASA kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana, DaoN. nIlama -- kAlar3A, pR. - 67. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, graMthAvalI bhAga-7, pR. 109. kavi zrI zivamaMgala siMha sumana aura unakA kAvya DaoN. ke.jI.kadama, pR. -342. AcArya mahAprajJa, saMskRta sAhitya - saM. DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya, pU. -248-249. mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra - Atmakathya - saM. kanhaiyAlAla phUlaphagara, pR. 12. AcArya tulasI- vicAra ke vAtAyana meM, jainendra, pR. 27. mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra - Atmakathya - pR. 17. mahAprajJa sAhitya - muni dulaharAja, pR. 2. mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra - Atmakathya, pR. - 36. mahAprajJa sAhitya - muni dulaharAja, pR. 16. tulasIprajJA, anusaMdhAna traimAsikI, akTUbara - disaMbara 1994, pR. - 232. vahI, pR. - 232. 96

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48. upAsanA saM. mahAzramaNa muditakumAra, pR. 272. mahAprajJa sAhitya muni dulaharAja pR. 78. mahAprajJa sAhitya muni dulaharAja ch.-89. RSabhAyaNa - prastuti - pR. - 6. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 55. 54. atulatulA - pR. - 147. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. - mahAprajJa sAhitya pU. -100. tulasI prajJA - saM. DaoN. paramezvara solaMkI, khaNDa-18, apraila - jUna 1992, pR. - 61. mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra saM. kanhaiyAlAla phUlaphagara, pR. - 26-28. mahAprajJa darzana - saM. muni dhanaMjaya, kanhaiyAlAla phUlaphagara, pR. - 228. vahI, pR. - 235. kAvyAlaMkAra 1.2 bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra - DaoN. kRSNadeva zarmA, pR. - 146. kAvya prakAza - 1.2. ciMtAmaNi (bhAga - 1) mImAMsA - DaoN. rAjakamala vorA, pR. 43. bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra DaoN. gaNapati candra gupta, pR. -64. DaoN. kRSNadeva zarmA, pR. 149. bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra - DaoN. gaNapati candra gupta, pR. - 64. mahAprajJa sAhitya - muni dulaharAja, pR. 3. bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvya siddhAMta - DaoN. gaNapati candra gupta, pR. - 64. mahAprajJa sAhitya - muni dulaharAja, pR. 3. bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra, DaoN. zAMtisvarUpa gupta, pR. 22. vahI, pR. 24. vahI, pR. 24. mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra - saM. kanhaiyAlAla phUlaphagara, pR. - 22. vahI, pR. - 37. mahAprajJa sAhitya - pR. - 04. -00 97

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dvitIya adhyAya bimba kA svarUpa > bimba kA artha : bimba aMgrejI zabda 'imeja'kA hindI paryAya hai| 'imeja' kA koSagata artha hai- mAnasika citra yA vicAra, upamA, rUpaka, citra, mUrti, pratimA, bimba, pratibimba, pratirUpa), pratikRti, kalpanA yA smRti meM nirmita citra yA pratikRti jisake lie dRzya honA Avazyaka nahIM haiN|9) hindI zabdakoza meM bimba ke lie pratibimba, chAyA, kamaNDalu, pratimUrti, sUrya yA caMdramA kA maNDala, AbhAsa evaM jhalaka artha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|) isa artha meM kisI vastu, padArtha athavA sthiti kA chAyAMkana jaba mastiSka ke smRti paTala para athavA hRdaya se sparzita hotA hai taba usa smRti satya ko bimba kahate haiN| --00-- bimba kI paribhASA : mAnava manISA apane ciMtana aura darzana se jJAna-vijJAna kI ajastra dhArA eka chora se dUsare chora taka bahAtI rahI hai| kabhI pUrva kA jJAna-vijJAna pAzcAtya ko AplAvita karatA rahA hai to kabhI pAzcAtya kI jJAnadhArA pUrva ko nahalAtI rahI hai| vizvastara para sAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM kI surabhi kA prasAra kaviyoM evaM lekhakoM kI hRdaya, mana, buddhi kA vistAra hI hai athavA kavi kalpanA, bhAvanA, vicAraNA kI vaha dhAra hai jo bimba rUpa meM mAnasa jagata meM sAkAra athavA dhUmila saMsAra racatI hai| bimba' kA saMpUrNa kArya vyApAra antarjagata se hotA hai| bAhya jagata kI sthiti, saMvedanAe~, lokavyavahAra, parivAra, samAja Adi ke kAryo yA dRzyoM kA kAvya meM bimba ke rUpa meM udghATana eka jaTila kintu sahaja prakriyA hai| pAzcAtya jagata 98

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evaM hindI ke lekhakoM, samIkSakoM ne apane-apane mAnadaNDoM se 'bimba' ko paribhASita kiyA hai : sI.De.levisa ke anusAra :- kAvya bimba zabdAtmaka aindrika citra hai, jo kucha aMzoM meM rUpAtmaka hote hue bhI mAnavIya bhAvoM kA abhivyaMjaka hotA hai|) kisI padArtha kA manazcitra, mAnasika pratikRti, kalpanA evam smRti meM upasthita citra bimba hai| mAnasika punarnirmANa ko bimba kahate haiN| bimba hRdaya aura mastiSka kI A~khoM se dekhI jAne vAlI vastu hai|6) DaoN.nagendra kI mAnyatA hai, ki kAvya-bimba padArtha ke mAdhyama se kalpanA dvArA nirmita eka aisI mAnasika chavi hai, jisake mUla meM bhAva kI preraNA rahatI hai|) AcArya rAmacaMdra zukla ne yaha kahakara kAvya meM bimba ko pramukha mAnA hai ki 'kAvya meM arthagrahaNa karane mAtra se kAma nahIM calatA, bimba grahaNa apekSita hotA hai| (1) kairolina sparjiyana kA kathana hai, ki kavi varNya-viSaya ko jisa DhaMga se dekhatA hai, socatA hai yA anubhava karatA hai bimba usakI samagratA, gahanatA, ramaNIyatA evaM vizadtA ko apane dvArA udbhUta bhAvoM evam anuSaMgo ke mAdhyama se pAThaka taka sampreSita karatA hai| kedAranAtha siMha ne bimba nirmANa meM kalpanA aura aindriyatA ke mahattva kA pratipAdana karate hue likhA hai ki "bimba vaha zabda citra hai jo kalpanA ke dvArA aindriya anubhavoM ke AdhAra para nirmita hotA hai| (10) DaoN.sudhA saksenA ke mata se 'amUrta vicAra yA bhAvanA kI aindriya anubhUti ke AdhAra para kalpanA ke dvArA punarracanA karane vAle zabda citra ko bimba kahate haiN| (11) naI kavitA ke saMdarbha meM mAnava mana athavA kalpanA meM banane vAle citra ko bimba kahate haiN| yaha kavi ke ciMtanazIla manaHsthiti kA vaha mAnasacitra hai jise rUpaka Adi kI sahAyatA se abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zabda mAnasa pratimA kA paryAya hai / (12) manovaijJAnikoM evaM samIkSakoM ne dRzya, gaMdha, sparza aura svAda ke aindriya saMvedanAtmaka anubhUti kI abhivyakti ko bhAvyAtmaka bimba mAnA hai |(13) (To Psychologist and to many critics imagery in poetry is Eypression of sense Experience chennelled through sight hearing, Smell, touch and taste impressed upon the mind and setforth in verse in such fushion at to recall as vividly and faithully as passible as the original sensation.) [99]

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harizcandra varmA ne 'bimba' kI vizada vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki mana kI saMvedanAoM kA sIdhA saMbaMdha indriyoM se hai aura indriyoM kA sambandha bAhya jagata ke vastu vyApAroM aura unake guNoM-rUpa, dhvani, gaMdha, sparza aura rasa se hai, isalie kavitA meM anubhUtiyoM ke mUrtIkaraNa ke lie aindriya mUrta AdhAra mAnasa gocara rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, isI bhAvotpAdaka mAnasI rUpa dRSTi ko bimba kahA jAtA hai| kavitA ke prAyaH sabhI tatva alaMkAra, vibhAvana vyApAra, pratIka, mAnavIkaraNa Adi saMyukta hokara isI mAnasI rUpa racanA meM pravRtta hote hai / (14) ___ isa prakAra ukta paribhASAoM ke Aloka meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki bimba nirmANa meM kavi kI anubhUti aura kalpanA, bhAva aura vicAra, vAsanA (paizana) evam aindriya kI pUrNarUpeNa sahabhAgitA hotI hai| bAhya vastu kA sAkSAtkAra AbhyAntarita rUpa se jitanA hI gahana hotA hai, bimba kI prakriyA utanI hI sahaja hotI hai| bhAva kAvya bimba kA preraka tatva hai |(15) kalpanA bhAva kI anugAminI hai| anubhUti vihIna bhAva yA vicAra ke koI zabda-citra athavA vastucitra mAnasa paTala para aMkita nahIM ho sktaa| bhAva ke udbuddha hote hI kalpanA kA kArya vyApAra prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| sRjana meM kalpanA kI aham bhUmikA rahatI hai, jo anubhUti kI saghanatA se mAnasa paTala para jIvanta mUrti kA nirmANa karatI hai| "tIvra anubhUti hI vAstava meM kalpanA ko anukUla rUpa vidhAna meM tatpara karatI hai / (16) isa prakAra niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaba ubuddha bhAvanA, kalpanA ke sahAre kisI dRzya athavA vastu kI kriyAtmaka, pratikriyAtmaka rUpa ko aindriyatA athavA atIndriyatA ke AdhAra para prastuta karatI hai, taba usakA eka citra mAnasa paTala para vyakta athavA avyakta rUpa meM ubhara jAtA hai| mastiSka meM ubhare hue isa chavi ko bimba kahate hai| --00-- 11001

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>.... bhAratIya samIkSA aura pAzcAtya samIkSA meM bimba 'bimba' vidhA kA janma Adhunika kAla meM pAzcAtya jagata meM huaa| bhAratIya samIkSA aura pAzcAtya samIkSA meM Adhunika kAla yAnI san 1908 ke pUrva "bimba' vidhA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| eka ora DaoN. nagendra yaha likhate haiM ki bhAratIya kAvyazAstra ke lie bimba koI ajJAta vastu nahIM hai to dUsarI ora yaha bhI likhate haiM ki 'jisa rUpa meM bimba kA vivecana vizleSaNa yUropa ke sAhitya ke aMtargata vartamAna zatI meM huA hai usa rUpa meM bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM nahIM miltaa| (17) isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ne apane siddhAMtoM meM vicAra ke mAna se 'bimba' dhAraNA para koI vicAra to nahIM diyaa| kintu prAkArAntara se bimba kI abhivyakti huyI, kyoMki kAvya kA saMbaMdha pratyakSataH apratyakSataH bhAvanA, kalpanA aura anubhUti se hotA hai| jo apanI prastuti meM bimbAtmaka hotI hai| kedAranAtha siMha ke anusAra 'bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI paraMparA meM bimba zabda apekSAkRta nayA hai| purAne lakSaNa graMthoM meM isakA prayoga nahIM miltaa| kevala dRSTAMta alaMkAra kI carcA meM bimba pratibimba bhAva kA ullekha milatA hai, jisakA Adhunika kavitA se koI saMbaMdha nhiiN| (18) dRSTAMta alaMkAra ko paribhASita karate hue AcArya vizvanAtha ne likhA hai ki-'dRSTAntavastu sadharmasya vastutaH pratibimbanam (19) aura isI paribhASA ko kucha aura vistRta karate hue rAmadahina mizra likhate haiM ki 'jahAM upameya upamAna aura sAdhAraNa dharma kA bimba pratibimba bhAva ho vahA~ dRSTAMta alaMkAra hotA haiM / (20) yahAM upameya aura upamAna kA vidhAna dRSTavya hai kyoMki 'upameya' prastuta aura upamAna 'aprastuta' kA vAcaka hai| bimba kA kArya vyApAra prastuta aura aprastuta donoM se hotA hai| sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra isake pramANa haiN| kedAranAtha siMha dRSTAMta alaMkAra meM prayukta "bimba pratibimba bhAva ko jahAM Adhunika kavitA meM prayukta bimba se koI saMbaMdha nahIM mAnate vahIM DaoN. nagendra isa bimba pratibimba bhAva ko kisI sImA taka Adhunika bimba ke nikaTa mAnate haiN| unake anusAra ukta lakSaNoM meM bimba kA prayoga mUlabhAva (amUrta) athavA vicAra ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai aura 'pratibimba' kA prayoga usako mUrtita karane vAle aprastuta vidhAna ke lie jo sAmya para AdhRta rahatA hai |(21) arthAt 'bimba' yahA~ amUrta mUlabhAva kA vAcaka hai aura pratibimba usake mUrti vidhAna | 1011

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kA, jabaki Adhunika AlocanA meM bimba mUla bhAva kA nahI, varan usako bimbita karane vAle mUrti vidhAna kA hI vAcaka hai|22) isI prakAra nidarzanA alaMkAra kI paribhASA meM bhI bimba pratibimba zabda prayukta huA hai - 'yatra bimbAnu bimbatvaM bodhayeta nidarzanA (23) athavA 'jahAM vastuoM kA paraspara saMbaMdha unake bimba-pratibimba bhAva kA bodha kare vahA~ nidarzanA alaMkAra hotA hai| (24) isa prakAra dRSTAMta aura nidarzanA sAdRzyamUlA hone ke kAraNa upameya aura upamAna rUpa meM prastuta hote haiN| DaoN. nagendra ne bimba kA sambandha alaMkAra, dhvani vakratA ke sAtha adhika aura rIti ke sAtha apekSAkRta kama mAnA hai| unake anusAra 'alaMkAra vidhAna meM sAdRzya mUlaka alaMkAra prAyaH bimbAtmaka hote haiM, jinameM sAdRzya pratIyamAna rahatA hai unameM bimba kI sthiti aura bhI nizcita rahatI hai| (25) kedAranAtha siMha kI dRSTi meM bimba kA sabase nikaTa kA saMbaMdha alaMkAra se haiM |(26) kyoMki alaMkAra kA saMpUrNa AdhAra upamAna athavA aprastuta hai| unake anusAra 'alaMkAra kA saMbaMdha aprastuta vidhAna se hai, vaha aprastuta ko grAhya aura rocaka banAtA hai paraMtu bimba kA saMbaMdha prastuta aura aprastuta donoM se hotA hai, bimba vaha keMdrIya bindu hai jahAM alaMkAra aura alaMkArya kA bheda samApta ho jAtA hai athavA yoM kaheM ki jahAM donoM samanvita hokara koI adhika jaTila aura prabhAvazAlI rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM |r) 'paraMtu Adhunika AlocanA zAstra kA bimba vidhAna aura bhAratIya alaMkAra zAstra kA aprastuta vidhAna eka nahIM hai unameM sahavyApti mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai| bimba vidhAna kI paridhi meM prastuta aura aprastuta donoM kA samAveza ho sakatA hai| kevala aprastuta hI nahIM prastuta bhI bimba rUpa meM ho sakatA hai aura hotA hai (28) jaise - sohata or3he pIta paTa, syAma salone gaat| manahu~ nIlamaNi zaila para Atapa paryo prabhAta / / (29) ukta udAharaNa meM utprekSA alaMkAra hai| pItAmbara se suzobhita zrI kRSNa ke zyAma salone gAtra (prastuta) para prAtaH kAlIna Atapa se Alokita nIlamaNi zaila (aprastuta) kI utprekSA kI gayI hai| yahA~ prastuta meM lakSita aura aprastuta meM upalakSita bimba spaSTa rUpa se prayukta huA hai| isa prakAra bimba vidhAna kA kSetra vyApaka hai, use [102]

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mAtra aprastuta yojanAtaka sImita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jahA~ alaMkAra ke dvArA samAnatA asamAnatA ke AdhAra para vastu ke guNa, dharma, rUpa Adi ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai vahI bimba meM aindriyagamyatA dvArA mAnasa sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAtA hai jo prAyaH Aropa va sAdRdhya dvArA hotA hai| AcArya daNDI meM samasta vAGmaya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai- 1. svAbhAvokti aura 2. vkrokti| ye donoM hI bimba ke samIpastha haiN| svAbhAvokti meM vastuoM kA svAbhAvika varNana hotA hai aura 'jahA~ varNya vastu kA sajIva citra prastuta ho jAe vahA~ lakSita bimba hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie bhavabhUti kI nimnalikhita paMktiyAM dekhI jA sakatI haiM jisameM azvamedha yajJa ke ghor3e kA sajIva varNana kiyA gayA hai pazcAt puccha vahita vipulaM tacca ghanotyajasaM dIrghagrIvaH sa bhavati khurAstasya catvAra eva zappANyati prakirati zakRtpiNDakA nAma mAtrAna kiM vyAkhyA vrajati sapunardUrameM hayehi yAmaH / / (30) svAbhAvokti kI zailI kI vizeSatA hai 'citrodaatttaa| 'citra' ke sAtha jur3A udAtta zabda isa tathya kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki citra kI koTi uttama honI cAhie arthAt citra aspaSTa na hokara spaSTa honA caahie|) svAbhAvokti ke atirikta vakroktimUlaka alaMkAroM meM bhI bimba kI chavi ubharatI hai| gocaratA bimba ke lie Avazyaka hai jo prAyaH sAdRzya mUlaka alaMkAroM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| bimba pratibimba bhAva para Azrita alaMkAroM meM suMdara bimba banate haiN| pAzcAtya samIkSA meM "bimba' aura 'meTAphara' (rUpaka) ko eka dUsare ke paryAya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| (32) nAmavara siMha ke anusAra bhI 'meTAphara' zabda ke rahate hue "bimba' zabda anAvazyaka hI nahIM bhrAmaka bhI hai|33) jabaki bimba aura alaMkAra meM buniyAdI yaha antara hai ki "bimba svacchanda hone ke kAraNa anivAryataH pratIkAtmaka hotA hai, jabaki rUpaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| (34) bhAratIya samIkSA meM alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA pAzcAtya samIkSA kI tulanA meM kaI gunA 1031

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adhika hai, 'paraMtu mUla alaMkAra eka prakAra se samAna hI haiN| hamAre upamA, rUpaka, atyukti, virodhAbhAsa, vakratAmUlaka alaMkAra, zleSa, yamaka Adi pazcima ke simalI, meTAphara, hAipara bola, AksImArana, inueMDo Adi ke samAnArthaka va samAnadharmI hai / (35) I bhAratIya samIkSA meM kuntaka kA 'vakrokti' siddhAMta kavi karma kauzala ko mahatva detA hai / kuntaka ke anusAra 'kaveH karma kAvyam' arthAta kavi kA karma hI kAvya hai / kavi kA karma kyA hai ? kuntaka isa para mauna hai, kiMtu prAkArAntara se ve (vakroktijIvitam) saMketa bhI dete haiM - zabdArtho sahitau vakrakavi vyApAra zAlinI vandhe vyavasthitau kAvyam, tadvidAhalAda kAriNi / kuntaka kAvya meM zabda aura artha donoM ko mahatva dete hue pratyeka racanA ke lie 'AhalAdakAriNI' honA Avazyaka mAnate hai / 'AhlAda' kAvya kA prayojana hai| isase spaSTa hai ki rasa bhAva se saMpRkta hone para hI vakrokti AhalAda kAriNI ho sakatI hai| vakrokti vacana vakratA para AdhArita hai, aura vacana vakratA hamezA apane meM navInatA lie rahatI hai, jo bimba vidhAna kA guNa hai kyoMki rUr3hagata zabda bhAvotkarSa ke rUpa meM apanI bimbAtmaka prAyaH kho dete haiM / isa artha meM vakrokti kI vakratA kathana ko zANita karatI huyI bimba ke rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai / 'vakrokti siddhAMta ke aneka prakAroM meM kAvyabimba kA rahasya udghATita huA hai bimba vidhAna ke aneka rUpoM kA kuntaka kI vakratAoM meM spaSTa samAveza hai / bhASA - bheda kI dRSTi se bhI bimba va vakrokti ke bhedoM meM sAmya hai / bimba, prabaMdha, prakaraNa vAkya va vAkyAMza I meM sthita mAnA gayA hai / hindI AlocakoM kI pustaka meM nizcita rUpa se ye bheda vakrokti jIvita se prabhAvita jJAta hote haiM / " (36) nagendra ne bhI prabaMdha bimba va prakaraNa bimba ke aMtargata kuntaka kI prabaMdha vakratA va prakaraNa vakratA kI hI vyAkhyA kI hai |(37) vastutaH vakrokti kI vakratA meM hI bimbAtmakatA hotI hai / varNa, paryAya, upacAra, saMvRtti, liMga, vizeSaNa prakaraNa, prabaMdha Adi kI vakratA meM bimboM kI yathocita satatA jhalakatI huyI pratIta hotI hai / varNa vinyAsa vakratA meM varNa thor3e-thor3e 104

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antara se bAra-bAra grathita hote haiM jisase nAda athavA zrota bimba kI sRSTi hotI hai| isameM anuprAsa evaM yamaka alaMkAra kA tirobhAva ho jAtA hai| jaise - kanaka komala kesara kaliyA~ / jJAna girA guNa kI galiyA~ / / yahA~ 'ka' aura 'ga' vyaMjana kA anuprAsamaya prayoga madhura dhvaniyoM ke rUpa meM nAda bimba kA vAhaka hai| rUr3hi vaicitrya vakratA ke aMtargata kavi apanI pratibhA se kisI zabda ke rUr3ha yA vAcya artha ko navIna rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai jaise-'kAma santu dRr3ha kaThora hRdayoM rAmo asmi sarvasa he' uddharaNa meM rAma zabda apane rUr3ha artha (dazaratha-putra) se bhinna kaThora-hRdaya vyakti kA bimba prastuta karatA hai, jo sItA ke viyoga meM bhI prANadhAraNa kara rahA hai| (38) paryAya vakratA meM eka hI artha ke dyotaka kaI zabda hote haiM, kiMtu kavi unameM se kisI aise zabda kA cayana karatA hai jo vivikSita vastu ko prastuta karane meM samartha evaM AhalAdakArI ho, jaise-vIraveza meM zrIkRSNa ke lie vaMzIdhara kI apekSA 'cakradhara' paryAya kA prayoga karanA sArthaka hogA kyoMki isakA bimba rasa sphuraNa meM adhika sahAyaka hogaa| nArI ke saMbaMdha meM maithilIzaraNa gupta kI prasiddha paMkti 'abalA jIvana hAya tumhArI yahI kahAnI, meM yadi abalA ke paryAya ke rUpa meM 'nArI' zabda kA prayoga kara diyA jAya to bimba grahaNa meM bAdhA utpanna hogii| 'abalA' se asahAya strI kA jo bimba prastuta ho rahA hai, vaha nArI zabda se nhiiN| upacAra vakratA meM bheda hote hue bhI abheda kA anubhava hotA hai| isameM jaba amUrta para mUrtta kA, acetana para cetanA kA Aropa hotA hai taba bimba kA vAstavika svarUpa upalabdha hotA hai jaise "jala bhI parama umaMga bhraa| nAca rahA hai raMga bharA-' paMkti meM jala para nartaka kA Aropa yAnI jar3a para cetana kA Aropa dRzya bimba kA saMketaka hai| nagendra ke zabdoM meM 'isameM saMdeha nahIM ki upacAravakratA kAvya kalA kA atyaMta mUlyavAna upakaraNa hai, lakSaNA kA vaibhava mUlataH upacAra vakratA meM hI nihita rahatA hai| yoropIya [105]

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kAvyazAstra meM aneka alaMkAra upacAra ke hI Azrita haiN| jaise vizeSaNa viparyaya aura mAnavIkaraNa kA camatkAra upacAra vakratA ke aMtargata hai / (39) vizeSaNa vakratA meM kAraka yA kriyA meM vizeSaNa ke prabhAva se lAvaNya kA unmeSa hotA hai| liMga vakratA meM pulliMga athavA strIliMga ke prayoga ke kAraNa kathana meM vakratA AtI hai| 'raghuvaMza' meM viyogI rAma ke viyoga meM latAoM aura mRgiyoM kI sahAnubhUti kA ullekha nArI ke sarasa, komala, dravIbhUta hRdaya kA hI bimbAMkana karatA hai / isI prakAra paMta ne 'sikhA do nA he madhupa, kumAri, mujhe bhI apane mIThe gAna' ke dvArA gAyana kI madhuratA ke liye 'bhramarI' kA bimba prastuta kiyA hai| vAkya- vakratA kA AdhAra pUrA vAkya hotA hai| ise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai- 1. sahajA vastu vakratA aura 2. arthAlaMkAroM ke prayoga kauzala se janya vakratA / kavi kI sahaja pratibhA dvArA pravRta vastuoM kA sajIva citraNa sahajAvAkya vakratA kahalAtA hai| jaba vastuoM kA svAbhAvika cittAkarSaka varNana hotA hai to use svAbhAvika alaMkAra kahate hai / bimba vidhAna meM sahaja svAbhAvikatA va kalpanA kI dRSTi se bimba ke do bheda kiye gaye hai - 1. lakSita bimba aura 2. upalakSitabimba / 'lakSita bimba vidhAna sahaja vastuvakratA se pUrNataH milatA hai| Adhunika bimbavAdI prastuta kA sacitra varNana karane vAle lakSita bimba ko hI vAstavika bimba mAnate hai / upalakSita bimba meM sAdRzya ke AdhAra para parokSa rUpa se bhAvoM ko tIvratA pradAna kI jAtI hai | (40) prabaMdha vakratA ke aMtargata prabaMdha se tAtparya mahAkAvya nATaka Adi hai, isase sambaddha kavi kauzala prabaMdha vakratA hai / prakaraNa vakratA kA Azaya prabaMdha ke kathA prasaMga hai|' prAcIna kathA meM mUla ko AghAta na pahuMcAte hue navIna kalpanA utthAna jaise 'raghuvaMza' meM kAlidAsa dvArA kalpita 'raghu' aura 'kotsa' kA prakaraNa, zAkuntalA meM durvAzA ke 'zApa' kI kalpanA, prakaraNa vakratA ke udAharaNa haiM / bimba siddhAMta meM isa prakAra kI kalpanA ko prakaraNa bimba abhihita kiyA gayA hai | ( 41 ) dhvani siddhAMta kA pratipAdana Anandavardhana ne kiyaa| isameM rasa-dhvani, alaMkAra dhvani Adi ke rUpa meM anya pramukha siddhAMtoM kA samAveza hai, unake anusAra 106

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yatrArthaH zabdau vA tamartha mupa sarjanI kRta svArthau / vyaktaH kAvya vizeSaH sadhvani riti sUribhiH kathitaH / (42) I arthAt jo artha vAcya artha kI apekSA bhinna hotA hai, use dhvani kahate haiM / yadi ye zabda aura artha sacitra hoM to unase jo vyaMjanA kI jAyegI, vaha bimba khlaaegii| dhvani kA saMbaMdha zabda zaktiyoM se hai / zabda zaktiyoM meM lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA 'bimba' ke sannikaTa haiM / lakSaNA meM mUrti vidhAna kA guNa hotA hai, isIlie pratyeka lakSyArtha eka prakAra kA bimba hotA hai / bhASA ko citramaya, prabhAvazAlI evaM rocaka banAne ke lie prAyaH kaviyoM dvArA lakSaNA kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai / udAharaNa ke taura para jaba yaha kathana kiyA jAtA hai ki 'macAna cillA rahe haiM, taba isakA lakSyArtha hotA hai ki 'macAna' para baiThe loga cillA rahe haiM / isa prakAra isa kathana se cillAte huye vyaktiyoM kA 'bimba' ubharatA hai / yadi yaha kathana kiyA jAya ki 'sAmane dekhA khar3A thA asthipaMjara 'eka', to 'asthipaMjara' ke lakSyArtha se kaMkAlamAtra eka durbala athavA kRzakAya vyakti kA bimba banatA hai / gauNI lakSaNA meM sAdRzya saMbaMdha hone se svataH bimba nirmANa hotA hai / 'sAropA' meM upameya aura upamAna donoM kA grahaNa rahatA hai kiMtu sAdhyavasAnA meM kevala upamAna hI rahatA hai| ye rUpaka aura rUpakAtizayokti alaMkAra se sambandhita haiM jinase prAyaH bimba banate haiM | (43) vyaMjanA zabdazakti se svacchaMda bimboM kA nirmANa hotA haiM / vyaMgyArtha dhvanyA bhI bimba rUpa hotA hai jaise- dina DUba gayA kathana se bhinna-bhinna zrotA bhinna-bhinna artha grahaNa karate haiM aura yaha bhinna-bhinna artha manaH ciMtana ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna bimba prastuta karatA hai / isa kathana se pujArI ke lie saMdhyAvaMdana kA bimba, caravAhe ke lie ghara vApasI kA bimba tathA premI ke lie abhisAra kA bimba ubharatA hai| isa prakAra 'lakSaNA dvArA udbuddha bimba jahA~ zabdArtha se sambaddha hote haiM vahA~ ye (vyaMjanA) bimba svataMtra hote haiM inakA sambandha zabdArtha se na hokara zrotA kI kalpanA se hotA hai| ricarDsa ne isa dRSTi se prathama varga ke bimboM ko saMbaddha aura dUsare varga ke bimboM ko svacchaMda kahA hai / (44) 107

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3 dhvani kA mUla AdhAra hai 'sphoTa siddhaaNt'| sphoTa kA artha hai-'sphuTita arthaH yasmAt sasphoTaH arthAt jisase artha sphuTita hotA hai, use sphoTa kahate hai| isakI kalpanA padArtha ke saMbaMdha meM kI gayI hai| nagendra ke zabdoM meM 'pUrva-pUrva varNa ke anubhava se eka prakAra kA saMskAra utpanna hotA hai usa saMskAra se sahakRta antya varNa ke zravaNa se tirobhUta varNo ko grahaNa karane vAle eka mAnasika pada kI pratIti utpanna hotI hai, isI kA nAma pada sphoTa hai / (45) 'isI prakAra pUrva padAnubhavajanita saMskAra sahakRta-antya pada zravaNa se aneka padAvagAhinI jo mAnasI vAkya pratIti hotI hai, vaiyAkaraNa use vAkya visphoTa kahate hai| (46) astu sphoTa kI prakalpanA bimba ke mUlarUpa ke kAphI nikaTa hai| pratyeka sArthaka zabda ke dvArA athavA vAkya ke dvArA jo bimba prasphuTita hotA hai, vaha vaiyAkaraNoM ke sphoTa se bhinna nahIM hai| pratyeka kAvyokti dvArA jisa kAvya bimba kI udbuddhi hotI hai usakA antarbhAva bhAratIya kAvya zAstra kI dhvani meM anAyAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| (47) dhvani siddhAMta meM yadi rasadhvani kA vizeSa mahatva hai, to bimba meM bhAva kaa| bimba ke binA rasaniSpatti asambhava hai| 4 rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka amUrta evaM sUkSma tatva hai jisakI abhivyakti ke lie sthUla va mUrta kA avalamba Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| ye mUrta athavA sthUla mAdhyama hI bimba ke rUpa meM prastuta hote haiN| bimba kA pratyakSataH evaM apratyakSataH sambandha bhAva se hotA hai| yadyapi bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM pratyakSataH bimba vidhAna para lekha nahIM milatA kiMtu apratyakSataH usakI upasthiti dekhI jA sakatI hai| AcArya abhinavagupta ne 'grIvAbhaMgAbhirAmama' 'mAnasI sAkSAtkAra' kA uddharaNa dete hue likhA hai ki 'tasya ca grIvAbhaMgAbhirAmam-ityAdi vAkyebhyo vAkyArtha pratipatteranantaraM mAnasI sAkSAtkArAtmikA pratIti rUpa jAyate / (48) vastutaH bimba ke svarUpa para vicAra karane vAle prAyaH sabhI samIkSakoM ne kavi ke vastu se bhAvAtmaka tAdAtmya yA rAgAtmaka saMbaMdha ko bimba racanA ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai| girijA kumAra mAthura ke anusAra 'koI bhI upakaraNa taba taka sArthaka nahIM ho sakatA jaba taka ki usameM bhAva sampRkti na ho aura jaba taka vaha anubhUti kI uSmA se dIpta na ho gayA ho kisI bhI upakaraNa ko kAvya ke uddIpta [108]

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zikhara taka pahu~cAnA kavi sAmarthya para nirbhara karatA hai, upakaraNa cAhe nayA ho athavA puraanaa| (49) isa prakAra kAvya meM bhAvoM kA sRjana bimbAtmaka rUpa meM hotA hai| bhAva aura bimba ko yadi eka dUsare kA pUraka kaha diyA jAya to koI atyukti nahIM hogii| 'rAma vilAsa zarmA ke anusAra 'mUrti vidhAna vahI sArthaka hai, jo bhAvoM se anuprANita ho jisameM sahaja indriyabodha kA nikhAra ho| 'dUra kI kaur3I lAnA' kAvya racanA nahIM donoM kA bauddhika vyAyAma hai|' (60) rasAnubhUti meM bimbAtmakatA samAhita rahatI hai, rasasiddha kaviyoM kI racanAe~ bimboM se paripUrNa rahatI hai| prAcIna kavi vAlmIki, kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti, bANabhaTTa, sUra tulasI, bihArI Adi kI racanAe~ isakA pramANa hai| rasa aura bimba kA sambandha prastuta zloka meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai - evam vAdinI devarSoM pituradhomukhI, lIlA kamala patrANi gaNayAmAsa paarvtii|| (61) (kumAra sambhava) ukta zloka meM lajjA, saMkoca, prasannatA Adi bhAvoM kA varNana bimba rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya zukla ne 'anurAga' se vihIna bimba vidhAna ko upayogI nahIM mAnA hai|62) vastutaH sthAyI bhAva evaM rasa ke vibhinna avayava Alambana, Azraya, uddIpana, anubhAva, saMcArIbhAva Adi nATaka meM to 'sAkAra' rUpa meM prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM, para kAvya meM unakA bimba hI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'yadi rasa sAdhya hai to bimba usakA sAdhana, kAvyAtmaka bimba kisI bhI kavitA kI vaha antaH zakti hai, jisake kAraNa rasa niSpattiH evaM rasAsvAdana sambhava ho pAtA hai aura rasAsvAdana kI prakriyA pUrNa ho pAtI hai|(63) isI zodha prabaMdha meM 'rasa aura bimba' zIrSaka ke aMtargata vaicArika sthApanAe~ dRSTavya hai| 5. rIti siddhAMta meM bimba ke saMketa - rIti ke sambandha meM AcArya vAmana ne likhA hai ki 'viziSTa pada racanA rItiH aura isameM viziSTatA guNa ke kAraNa AtI hai| vAmana ke anusAra 'guNa kAvya ke zobhA kAraka dharma hai, jo zabdagata bhI hote haiM aura arthagata bhii| vAmana ne saMpUrNa kAvya vaibhava ko guNa meM hI kendriya kiyA hai| guNa [109]

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aura bimba sikke ke do pahalU kI bhA~ti haiM kyoMki guNa rasa ke nityadharma hai aura rasAMga - vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArI bhAva ko bimba rUpa meM prakaTa karate hai| rIti kA sambandha zailI se hai arthAt kAvya kI usa paddhati se hai jisake dvArA kavi apanI udabuddha bhAvanAoM va anubhUtiyoM ko zabda kA jAmA pahanAtA | guNa doSa alaMkAra zailI ke tatva haiM, guNa nitya tatva hai aura alaMkAra anitya / isalie zailI kI abhivyakti eka rUpa meM nahIM hotI, aneka rUpoM meM hotI hai, jisase bhAva, guNa, alaMkAra Adi viSayagata bimboM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiM / cUMki 'rIti meM zabdArtha ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai, isalie zabdoM se zrota athavA nAda bimba sahaja rUpa meM prasphuTita hote haiM / artha vyakti ke saMbaMdha meM vAmana ne 'stusvabhAva sphuTa tvamartha vyaktiH' ke kathana se vastu ko tatkAla spaSTa kara dene vAlI arthavyakti ko mahatva diyA hai| prakArAntara se arthavyakti bimba saMyojana kA kAraNa banatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN. nagendra kA kathana prAsaMgika hai 'rItiyoM aura vRttiyoM kI kalpanA meM zrotabimboM kA AdhAra atyanta spaSTa hai aura udhara arthavyakti jaise guNa kI paribhASA meM zabda yojanA dvArA utpAdita bimba kI sphuTatA ko hI artha prasAdana kA pramANa mAnA gayA hai / (54) I aucitya siddhAMta meM bimba saMketa bhAratIya samIkSA meM AcArya kSemendra 'aucitya' siddhAMta ke pravarttaka haiN| unake anusAra 'ucitasya bhAvaH aucityam' tathA aucityaM rasa siddhasya sthiram kAvyastha jIvitam arthAt kAvya rasa siddha hai kiMtu usakA sthira, anazvara jIvita to aucitya hI hai| rasa, alaMkAra, pada vAkya, kriyA, kAraka, liMga, vizeSaNa prabandhArtha Adi kA vAkya meM ucita prayoga se vyavasthita evaM samyaka bimba udghATita hotA hai / alaMkAra aura guNa ke saMbaMdha meM kSemendra likhate haiM ki 6. - ucita sthAna vinyAsAda alaMkRtiralaMkRtiH / aucityAda cyutA nityaM bhavantyeva guNAH guNAH / / (55) arthAt kAvya meM jaba alaMkAra aura guNa kA ucita prayoga hogA tabhI ve alaMkAra athavA guNa kahAeMge anyathA nahIM / kAvya meM yahI aucitya prayoga bimba kA kAraNa banatA hai / bimba kA pradhAna lakSya hI hai amUrta ko mUrta rUpa meM prastuta karanA / mUrtana kI isa kriyA meM viSaya ko, mUrttita kiyA jAtA hai / vakrokti, dhvani, rIti, rasa I 110

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aura bimba sikke ke do pahalU kI bhA~ti haiM kyoMki guNa rasa ke nityadharma hai aura rasAMga-vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArI bhAva ko bimba rUpa meM prakaTa karate hai| rIti kA sambandha zailI se hai arthAt kAvya kI usa paddhati se hai jisake dvArA kavi apanI udbuddha bhAvanAoM va anubhUtiyoM ko zabda kA jAmA pahanAtA hai| guNa doSa alaMkAra zailI ke tatva haiM, guNa nitya tatva hai aura alaMkAra anity| isalie zailI kI abhivyakti eka rUpa meM nahIM hotI, aneka rUpoM meM hotI hai, jisase bhAva, guNa, alaMkAra Adi viSayagata bimboM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiN| cUMki 'rIti meM zabdArtha ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai, isalie zabdoM se zrota athavA nAda bimba sahaja rUpa meM prasphuTita hote haiM / artha vyakti ke saMbaMdha meM vAmana ne 'stusvabhAva sphuTa tvamartha vyaktiH ke kathana se vastu ko tatkAla spaSTa kara dene vAlI arthavyakti ko mahatva diyA hai| prakArAntara se arthavyakti bimba saMyojana kA kAraNa banatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN. nagendra kA kathana prAsaMgika hai 'rItiyoM aura vRttiyoM kI kalpanA meM zrota bimboM kA AdhAra atyanta spaSTa hai aura udhara arthavyakti jaise guNa kI paribhASA meM zabda yojanA dvArA utpAdita bimba kI sphaTatA ko hI artha prasAdana kA pramANa mAnA gayA hai| (54) 6. aucitya siddhAMta meM bimba saMketa - bhAratIya samIkSA meM AcArya kSemendra 'aucitya' siddhAMta ke pravartaka haiN| unake anusAra 'ucitasya bhAvaH aucityam' tathA aucityaM rasa siddhasya sthiram kAvyastha jIvitam arthAt kAvya rasa siddha hai kiMtu usakA sthira, anazvara jIvita to aucitya hI hai| rasa, alaMkAra, pada vAkya, kriyA, kAraka, liMga, vizeSaNa prabandhArtha Adi kA vAkya meM ucita prayoga se vyavasthita evaM samyaka bimba udghATita hotA hai| alaMkAra aura guNa ke saMbaMdha meM kSemendra likhate haiM ki - ucita sthAna vinyAsAda alaMkRtiralaMkRtiH / aucityAda cyutA nityaM bhavantyeva guNAH guNAH / / (65) arthAt kAvya meM jaba alaMkAra aura guNa kA ucita prayoga hogA tabhI ve alaMkAra athavA guNa kahAeMge anyathA nhiiN| kAvya meM yahI aucitya prayoga bimba kA kAraNa banatA hai| bimba kA pradhAna lakSya hI hai amUrta ko mUrta rUpa meM prastuta krnaa| mUrtana kI isa kriyA meM viSaya ko, mUrtita kiyA jAtA hai| vakrokti, dhvani, rIti, rasa [110

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meM bimba kA saMgata avalokana tabhI hogA jaba kAvya meM unakI saMgati aucitya pUrNa hogii| rasa ko kAvya kA prANa mAnA gayA haiM, kintu vaha sahRdayoM ko AkarSita karane meM tabhI samartha hogI, jaba usameM bhAvoM, alaMkAro Adi kA prayoga viSaya athavA vastu sApekSa ho, yaha vastu yA viSaya sApekSatA hI aucitya rUpa meM prastuta hotI hai jisase spaSTataH bimba kA bodha hotA hai| rasa saMkara aucitya ke rUpa meM kSemendra kA nimnalikhita udAharaNa dRSTavya hai - satyaM manoramA rAmAH satyaM ramyA vibhuutyH| kiMtu matAMga nApAMga bhaMga lolaM hI jIvitam / / (66) / yahAM zAMta rasa ke prabhAva se zrRMgAra rasa kI prastuti kI gaI hai| yahAM jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA meM madamAtI ramaNI ke 'capala kaTAkSa' ko bimbAyita kiyA gayA hai isa zloka meM 'kaTAkSa' ke sAtha 'capala' vizeSaNa kA prayoga jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko 'kaTAkSa kI tIvratA va kSaNikatA se cAkSuSa bimba ke rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai| pAzcAtya samIkSA meM bimba viSayaka saMketa : aitihAsika dRSTi se pAzcAtya jagata meM sabase pahale 'homara' ke mahAkAvya 'iliyaDa' evaM 'oNDesI' se pAzcAtya samIkSA ciMtana kA sUtrapAta huaa| 'iliyaDa' mahAkAvya meM 'TrAya' ke vizvaprasiddha yuddha kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM jahA~ yuddha meM yoddhAoM ke zaurya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vahIM helena evaM perisa kI premakathA kA rUpAMkana mUlabhUta mAnavIya anubhUtiyoM ke pariprekSya meM kiyA gayA hai| isa mahAgraMtha meM homara kI pratibhA aura kalpanA zakti usa navonmeSa kAla meM zlAghanIya rahI hai| usa yuddha meM krUra evaM hRdayahIna yoddhA jina mArmika kSaNoM se gujare usake prabhAvazAlI varNana meM homara kI kalpanA evaM usakI yarthAtha dRSTi vizeSa rUpa se avalokanIya hai| kalpanA ke kAraNa sphuTa rUpa meM bhAva bimboM kA bikharAva mahAkAvya meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| dUsarI kRti meM oDesI mahAkAvya meM yuddha samApti ke pazcAt 'oDesiyasa' ke vApasa lauTane kI kathA varNita hai jo aneka bhayAnaka aura nATakIya ghaTanAoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa isameM sUkSma manobhAvanAoM kI prabhAvapUrNa abhivyaMjanA huyI hai| 111]

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ina mahAkAvyoM kI viSaya vastu se spaSTa hai ki inameM homara ke sAhitya siddhAntoM athavA kAvya viSayaka mAnyatAoM kA koI nizcita vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| nagendra ke zabdoM meM 'iliyaDa aura oDesI kI kavitA kA abhivyaMjanA vaibhava homara kI kAvyAlocana zakti kA asaMdigdha pramANa hai, paraMtu pratyakSataH kahIM bhI unhoMne siddhAMta vivecana prAsaMgika rUpa se bhI nahIM kiyaa|' yahA~ nagendra dvArA 'abhivyaMjanA' vaibhava' kA ullekha gahana hai jo apane meM bimba ke vaibhava kA rAja chipAe hue hai| mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki pAzcAtya samIkSA ke kSetra meM yaha prArambhika daura thA, ve kavitA aura nATakoM ke mAdhyama se bhAva aura anubhUti kI ibArata likha rahe the isalie unameM sIdhApana thaa| kathana meM Aja kI vakratA nahIM thI kintu lokamAnasa ko prabhAvita va saMvedita karane kI kSamatA thii| bimbAMkana, bhAva, anubhUti va saMvedanA kA hotA hai, isalie kavitA athavA nATaka cAhe jisa yuga kA ho, jAne AnajAne bimba kI sthiti hogI hii| homara ke pazcAt haisiyaDa, piMDAra, airisTAphenIja, gorjiyAsa, sukarAta, pleTo, Iskilana, thiyophresTasa evaM lauMjAinasa jaise mahAna kavi vicAraka va dArzanika hue, jinake vicAra se pAzcAtya samIkSA zAstra ke naye pratimAna sthApita hote gye| (57) 1. anukaraNa siddhAMta meM bimba ke saMketa - pAzcAtya sAhitya meM pleTo aura arastU ke vicAra, samIkSA zAstra meM mIla kA patthara sAbita hue haiN| anukaraNa siddhAMta kI vyAkhyA donoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se kI hai| pleTo kI mAnyatA hai ki eka kalAkAra cUMki laukika satya kA hI anukaraNa apanI kRti meM karatA hai, isaliye usameM usI kI praticchavi hotI hai| aura antataH yaha satya zuddha satya kA pratirUpa siddha hotA hai| usake vicAra se kAvya yA sAhitya eka Adarza nAgarika ko satya kI zikSA nahIM detA hai isIlie usane apane Adarza rAjya meM satya athavA kavi ko koI sthAna nahIM diyaa| pleTo vizuddha AdarzavAdI dArzanika thaa| usane kavi ke jisa laukika satya ke anukaraNa kI bAta kI hai vaha anukaraNa hI bimba ke nikaTa hai| maiM samajhatI hUM ki jisa vastu yA satya kA anukaraNa kiyA jAyegA usakA bimba to sabase pahale anukaraNa kartA para pdd'egaa| isalie anukaraNa meM bimba niSpAdana kI pUrI-pUrI guMjAisa hai| 112

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. ... . ' dUsarI ora arastU ne ciMtana ke kSetra meM itihAsa kI tulanA meM kavitA ko adhika mahatva dete hue likhA hai ki 'Poetry is a more Philosophical and a higher thing history' (58) yaha tathya vicAraNIya hai ki 'kAvya kA sArvabhauma, amUrtta vicAra nahIM hai, vaha saMvedanA ke dvArA mUrtimaMta kiyA jAtA hai, usameM aindriya bimba hote haiM, jo usa sArvabhauma satya ko prakaTa karate haiN| arastU ne isIlie kavitA ke lie 'dArzanika pUrNa' zabdAvalI kA prayoga kiyA hai| yoM arastU ne kalA ko prakRti kI anukRti mAnA hai| usake anusAra ....... kavi yA kalAkAra prakRti kI gocara vastuoM kA nahIM, varan prakRti kI sRjana prakriyA kA anukaraNa karatA hai| (59) prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA vAstava meM kavi yA kalAkAra gocara vastuoM kA anukaraNa nahIM karatA ? 'gocaratA' to isa dRzyamAna jagata kA satya hai aura yahIM 'gocaratA' kavi yA kalAkAra ke bhAva jagata meM citra rUpa kA nirmANa karatI hai| yahA~ arastU ke vicAra meM ativAditA dikhAI detI hai| isa saMdarbha meM ebara krombe ne likhA hai ki 'arastU kA tarka thA yadi kavitA prakRti kA kevala darpaNa hotI to vaha hameM usase kucha adhika nahIM de sakatI thI, jo prakRti detI hai, para tathya yaha hai ki hama kavitA kA AsvAdana isalie karate haiM ki vaha hameM vaha pradAna karatI hai jo prakRti nahIM de sktii| (60) yahA~ kavitA ke lie prayukta 'AsvAdana' zabda kA prayoga prAkArAntara se aindriya evaM bahuAyAmI bimboM ko apane meM chipAe hue haiN| rojamaMDa TyUbe ke mata se 'navotthAna' kAla ke kavi kA bimba vidhAna anukaraNa siddhAMta kI vyAkhyA ke anurUpa thaa| vaha kalA ko anukRti kA pariNAma to mAnatA thA, kiMtu usakI dRSTi meM kalAkRti se hameM jo Ananda milatA hai usakA kAraNa yathArtha jagata kI vastu se usakA sAmya nahIM, varan kalAkRti kA rUpagata sauMdarya hai| vaha bimba ko isa kalAtmaka rUpAkRti kA eka tatva mAnatA thaa| anukaraNa karate samaya kalAkRti prakRti meM krama-vinyAsa tathA saMgati DhU~Dhane kI ceSTA karatI hai| kalA ko kramagata saMgati ke rUpa meM dekhane ke kAraNa kalAkAra upuyaktatA ke AdhAra para bimboM kA cayana karatA hai| isake sivA usake mata se anukRtiyoM meM kevala kramagata AkAroM kA hI nahIM, varan amUrta bhAvoM tathA mUlyoM kA bhI mahatva hai| yaha pravRtti bhI usakI bimba-racanA ko prabhAvita karatI hai| suspaSTa 11131

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aindrika-bodha se isakA virodha hone kI dazA meM saMvedanoM kI suspaSTatA tathA nizcitatA ko tilAMjali de detA hai| isa prakAra 'kRtrimatA', sajjAtmaka cayana kI pravRtti aura ApekSika saMvedanAtmaka aspaSTatA 'navotthAnakAlIna kAvya ke bimba-vidhAna' kI mukhya vizeSatAe~ mAnI jA sakatI hai / (61) 2. audAtya siddhAMta meM bimba ke saMketa - lauMjAinasa kAvya meM audAtya ciMtana ke pratiSThApaka the| unhoMne apanI prasiddha kRti 'on the sublime' meM do prakAra ke aucitya alaMkAraucitya evaM zabdaucitya kI vivecanA kI hai| unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki alaMkAroM evaM zabdoM ke ucita prayoga se hI kAvya ke prANa tatva udAtta tatva kI siddhI hotI hai| alaMkAroM ko ve camatkAra kA paryAya na mAnakara ve prasaMgAnukUla usake prayoga ke himAyatI the| unhoMne vistAraNA, atizyokti, viparyaya, vyatikrama, paryAyokti Adi alaMkAroM kI vivecanA kI hai| alaMkAra abhivyakti ke sazakta mAdhyama haiM, isalie prasaMgavata vibhinna bimboM kA sRjana karate haiN| lauMjAinasa udAtta vicAroM ke lie 'kalpanA' aura prAcIna kAvyAnuzIlana ko Avazyaka mAnate the| vaise "lauMjAinasa ne pratyakSa rUpa meM kalpanA tatva kI to carcA nahIM kI hai, kevala jahA~ bimboM kA varNana kiyA hai, vahA~ unakI nirmAtrI zakti ke rUpa meM usakI carcA kI hai| unakA bimba se abhiprAya kalpanA citra se hai aura usakI preraNA-zakti vaha kalpanA ko mAnate hai / (62) lauMjAinasa ne bhAva-Avega kA udAtta ko mahatvapUrNa tatva ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| usake anusAra bhAva Avega nimna Avega va bhavya Avega ke rUpa meM utpanna hote haiN| nimna Avega kA sambandha bhAva se hai-dayA, zoka, bhaya Adi bhAva isake aMtargata Ate hai, isalie vividha bhAvoM meM bimba sRjita hote haiN| pAzcAtya evaM paurvAtya samIkSakoM ne eka svara se bimba ke lie bhAva kI anivAryatA svIkAra kI hai| hauresa ne aucitya siddhAMta ke anusAra apane kAvya siddhAMta kI vivecanA kI hai| isa prakAra, AcArya kSemendra kA aucitya siddhAMta evaM laujAinasa ke audAtya siddhAMta meM bimba ke prayoga sambandhI bahuta sI samAnatAe~ haiM, jise dekhA jA sakatA hai| 3. abhivyaMjanAvAda (kroce) meM bimba ke saMketa - - kroce ne kAvya meM abhivyaMjanAtmaka zakti ko Avazyaka mAnA hai| abhivyaMjanA kA Azaya abhivyakti kI kalAtmakatA se hai| kavi meM kalpanA aura pratibhA janmajAta [114]

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hotI hai| kavitA meM bhAvoM kA sRjana isI kalpanA ke dvArA hotA hai| sAmAnyataH kroce ne jJAna ko do rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai-prathama sahajAnubhUti aura dUsarA prameya jnyaan| kI utpatti buddhi se| 'sahaja jJAna bimboM kI racanA karatA hai to tarka jJAna padArtha-bodha kii| buddhi kI sahAyatA se hama nirNaya karate haiM ki manuSya vicArazIla prANI hotA hai, kalpanA hamAre mAnasa meM aise prANI kA biMba aMkita kara detI hai| (63) kroce ke anusAra sahajAnubhUti AMtarika prakriyA hai jisameM ve rUpa ko saudarya kA mUla AdhAra mAnate hai| isI ke dvArA kalAkAra bhAvanAoM tathA saMvegoM ke vega ko niyaMtraNa meM rakhatA hai, aura prabhAvoM ko bimboM meM abhivyakta kara svayaM usase mukta ho jAtA hai| (64) kroce jisa sahajAnubhUti ko abhivyaMjanA mAnA hai vaha vizuddha AtaMrika hai, usakA prakAzana usakI dRSTi meM Avazyaka nahIM hai| bimba nirmANa kI dRSTi se sahajAnubhUti paryApta hai kyoMki jaba kalAkAra kisI zabda ko apane mAnasa meM grahaNa kara letA hai athavA jaba kisI AkRti yA mUrti kI chavi AtmasAt kara letA hai, taba vaha mAnasika jagata meM mUrtita ho jAtI hai| sahajAnubhUti meM vastu ke spaSTa pratyakSIkaraNa kA hI mahatva hai aura bimba meM mUrtikaraNa kaa| isa prakAra abhivyaMjanA aura bimba kA yathocita sambandha hai| ___kuMtaka kI tulanA meM kroce kA vicAra phalaka sImita hai| kroce yadi mAtra 'sahajAnubhUti' ko kAvya meM pratiSThita karate haiM to kuMtaka kathana kI vakratA ko mahatva dete haiN| bimbAMkana donoM se hotA hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki kuMtaka yadi 'viSaya vastu ko mahatva dete hai to kroce mAnava jIvana ko| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'bimba' Adhunika pAzcAtya jagata kI soca hai| prAcIna bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya sAhitya ke samIkSA siddhAMta meM pratyakSataH to nahIM apratyakSataH prakArAntara se bimboM kI ora saMketa milatA hai| bimba ko kavitA kI pUrNatA ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai isIlie aMlakAra, vakrokti, guNa, rasa, rIti, aucitya, dhvani, anukaraNa, audAtya evaM abhivyaMjanAparaka siddhAMtoM meM use AsAnI se dekhA jA sakatA hai| ye siddhAMta apane meM sImita haiM, kintu bimba asiimit| --00-- 11151

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bimba aura kavi Ananda vardhana ne likhA hai ki "kAvya saMsAra apAra hotA hai, usakA pAra nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| isa saMsAra kA prajApati kavi hI huA karatA hai aura ekamAtra kavi hI vaha jaisA cAhatA hai, isa vizva ko vaisA hI bananA par3atA hai|65) kavi kA pUrA kArya vyApAra zabda para AdhArita hotA hai, zabda artha kI abhivyakti kA sazakta mAdhyama hai| zabda apane lakSita athavA vyaMjita rUpa meM jitanA hI sadhA athavA zodha huA hogA, usakA prabhAva utanA hI gaharA pdd'egaa| saca to yaha hai ki kavi kI zabda-sRSTi hI artha-sRSTi hai| yahA~ zabda aura artha miTTI aura ghaTa ke samAna kabhI pRthaka nahIM hote 16) ___ kavi dvArA dekhI, sunI athavA anubhUta satya vastuoM kA citraNa hamAre hRdaya meM bhAvoM ko jagAne meM samartha hote haiM kisI vastu ke sAhacarya ke sAtha usake prati moha paidA hotA hai aura paricaya kI ghaniSTatA meM hI bhAvAnubhUti chipI rahatI hai |(67) kAvya bimba zabda aura artha ke mAdhyama se hamAre samakSa upasthita hote haiN| kavi apanI samRddha bhAvanA aura kalpanA ke dvArA ina bimboM ko hamAre sAmane upasthita karatA hai| isa taraha kAvya bimba ke nirmANa meM sarjanazIla kalpanA aura gaharI rAgAtmakatA kAraNa svarUpa huA karate haiN| DaoN.kRSNacandra varmA ke zabdoM meM kAvya-bimba zabdArtha ke mAdhyama se kalpanA dvArA nirmita eka aisI mAnasa chavi hai, jisake mUla meM bhAva kI preraNA rahatI hai|68) samartha evam UrjAvAna kavi meM kalpanA, bhAvanA, vAsanA evam anubhUti kI gahanatA vastu satya kA hUbahU vaisA hI biMbAkana karatI hai, jaisA bhAva kavi ke mAnasa paTala para aMkita hotA hai jaise : bIja vRkSa bana sakatA, banatA, jaba hotA usakA prasphoTa / letA hai AkAra parAkrama, hotI hai jaba usa para cott| + + + 1116

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tIra vacana kA, loha-tIra se adhika bIMdha detA hai marma sAdhAraNa saMsada se hotA bhinna samara-bhUmi kA dharma 169) ukta udAharaNa meM vANI kI karkazatA tathA kaThoratA meM 'tIra' kA bimbAMkana kiyA gayA hai dUsarI ora 'sAdhAraNa saMsada' aura 'samarabhUmi' meM samUha kI sthiti hote hue bhI bhinnatA kA darzana karAyA gayA hai, jo kavi kI pragalbha bhAva-cetanA kA sUcaka hai| eka anya udAharaNa se kalpanA evaM bhAvanA dvArA bimbAMkana kI isa prakriyA ko AsAnI se samajhA jA sakatA hai : keMcula ko phor3ate hue uTho, jaise bIja chilake ko phor3atA huA uThatA hai| saMgharSa ke phaulAdI jhakoroM ko, tor3ate hue bar3ho, jaise aMkura, kaMkar3a, patthara tor3atA huA bar3hatA hai| phUlo phalo jaise per3a phUlatA hai |(10) ukta udAharaNa meM keMcula', 'bIja' aura 'aMkura' ke bimboM se AzA aura utsAha kA bhAva jagAyA gayA hai| AcArya rAmacaMdra zukla ne kalpanA ke do rUpoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai, jinameM eka vidhAyaka kalpanA hai to dUsarI grAhaka klpnaa| kavi meM vidhAyaka kalpanA hotI hai| kalpanA aura bhAva saMcAra kI tIvratA para kAvya kI ramaNIyatA nirbhara karatI hai| isIlie AcArya zukla kavitA meM arthagrahaNa ko mahatva na dekara "bimba-grahaNa' ko mahatva dete haiM / (11) ___ kavi kA saMbaMdha cetanA se hotA hai, cetanA jitanI jAgRta evaM samRddha hotI hai, vastu kI pahacAna utanI hI tIvratara hotI hai| saMsAra va prakRti ko vaha apane dRSTi 1171

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se dekhatA hai| jitanA hI vaha prakRti evaM sRSTi meM vyApta hotA jAtA hai, utanA hI usakA aMtarmana jIvana kI eka-eka paratoM ko kholatA jAtA hai| kavi ucca mArga se prerita hokara kAvya kI racanA karate haiM, bhAvanA, udAtta kalpanA tathA anubhUti ke saMgama se AnaMda kI sRSTi karate haiN| pI.bI.zelI ne kavi ko vidhAtA mAnate hue likhA hai ki "kavi una virATa parachAiyoM ko pratibimbita karane vAle darpaNa hote haiM jinako bhaviSya, vartamAna para prakSepita karatA hai, zabda jo abhivyakta karate haiM, ve use nahIM samajhate, turahI jo yuddha ke lie AhvAna karatI hai, use nahIM patA ki vaha kyA preraNA detI hai, vaha prabhAva jo saMvedita nahIM kiyA jAtA, para saMvedita hotA hai, kavi vaha prabhAva hai jo saMvedita nahIM kiyA jAtA para saMvedita hotA hai, kavi isa saMsAra ke mAnyatA vaMcita vidhAtA haiM |(12) isa prakAra mana kI saMvedanAoM kA sIdhA saMbaMdha indriyoM se hai aura indriyoM kA sambandha bAhya jagata ke vastu vyApAroM aura unake guNoM se hai| Adhunika kavi bimboM kA kavitA meM adhikAdhika prayoga karate haiN| bimboM ke mAdhyama se kavi kI bhAvanAe~, anubhUtiyA~ aura kalpanAe~ citramaya hotI calI jAtI haiN| preraka bhAva-vyaMjaka bhASA aura kavi kI kalpanA para hI bimba-vidhAna kI saphalatA aura utkRSTatA nirbhara karatI hai, bimba kevala varNita vastu kA mAnasika punarpratyakSa hI nahIM karAtI balki unheM kisI gUDha anubhUti meM lapeTa kara hRdayagrAhya bhI banA dete haiN|(73) isa prakAra bimba-vidhAna kavi ke vyaktitva ke anurUpa hI huA karatA hai| kavi kI svAnubhUti, usake saMskAra, usake jIvanAnubhava, usakA adhyayana, usakA mastiSka jisa prakAra hogA, usI para usakA bimba-vidhAna nirbhara kregaa| kavi apanI kavitA ke dvArA kisI na kisI rUpa meM jIvana kI vyAkhyA karatA hai| jIvana ke prati usakI anubhUti jitanI gaharI hogI, kAvya meM usakI paiTha utanI hI adhika hogii| pramoda varmA ke zabdoM meM "kAvyAnubhUti na to jIvanAnubhUti se vilaga koI svataH sApekSa anubhUti hai aura na mAtra aindrika anubhUti hai| kAvya racanA kI prakriyA kucha isa prakAra calatI hai ki kavi kI aindrika anubhUti ke sAtha kalpanA aura vicAra jur3ate haiM, ghulate milate haiN| smRti kI guhA se nikalakara kucha 118]

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citra Akara jur3a jAte haiN|(4) aMgrejI ke kaviyoM meM zeksapIyara sabase mahAn mAne jAte haiM jisake saMbaMdha meM kerolIna sparjiyana likhatI haiM ki "zeksapIyara ke paira majabUtI se dharatI para jame the, unakI A~kheM apane cAroM ora ke jIvana para keMdrita thIM aura anuvIkSaNa zakti itanI prakhara thI ki pakSI kI ur3Ana, phUla kA vikAsa, strI ke ghara gRhasthI ke kAmakAja athavA manuSya ke cehare para aMkita sUkSma se sUkSma rekhAe~ bhI unase nahIM chUTatI thii|"(5) niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki Adhunika kaviyoM ne apanI kavitAoM ke mAdhyama se zabda bimba, varNa bimba, samAnubhUtika bimba, vyaMjanApravaNa, sAmAsika bimba, asaMveSTi yA prasRta bimboM ke varNana ke sAtha hI sAtha aindrika bimboM ke aMtargata cAkSuSa bimba, zravya yA nAda bimba, ghrANika yA dhAtavya bimba, gatvara bimba, rUpa bimba, rasa bimba, vegodabodhaka bimba, sahasaMvedanAtmaka athavA mizra bimba tathA udAtta bimboM kA kAvya meM prayoga kiyA hai| --00-- 1191

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bimba aura kAvya kAvya jIvana kI vyAkhyA hai| jIvana kA vistAra ananta sukhAtmaka dukhAtmaka sambhAvanAoM, samasyAoM ke Aloka meM prakhara aura madhura hai| jahA~ kavi kI kalpanA hRdaya se jur3I vahIM rAgamayI bana bahane lagI, aura jahA~ buddhi se jur3I vahIM ciMtana kI ajastra dhArA pravAhita karane lgii| hRdaya se rAga aura buddhi se virAga ye donoM laukika evaM alaukika jagata kI vyAkhyA karate haiM kintu hRdaya se jur3I rAgamayI anubhUti kAvya ko sarasa banA detI hai| bhAratIya evam pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se kAvya ko paribhASita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, sabhI ke apane-apane tarka haiN| apanI-apanI vyAkhyA haiN| lagatA hai vidvAnoM kI itanI vyAkhyA ke bAvajUda kavitA avyAkhyAyita hI raha gii| vAmana ne 'rIti' kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki 'viziSTa pada racanA rItiH (6) arthAt vizeSa prakAra kI zabda racanA rIti hai| AcArya bhAmaha ne 'taddauSau zabdArthoM saguNAvanalaMkRti punaH kvApi 7) arthAt nirdoSa aura guNoM se yukta zabdArtha kAvya hai jisameM alaMkAra ho yA na ho| AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra rasAtmakaM vAkya kAvyam / / 4) arthAt rasAtmaka vAkya hI kAvya hai| paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne ramaNIya artha kA pratipAdana karane vAle zabda ko kAvya kahA hai| (79) AcArya zukla rasavatadhAraNA ke Aloka meM likhate haiM ki 'jisa prakAra AtmA kI muktAvasthA jJAnadazA kahalAtI hai, usI prakAra hRdaya kI yaha muktAvasthA rasa dazA kahalAtI hai| hRdaya kI isI mukti sAdhanA ke lie manuSya kI vANI jo zabda vidhAna karatI AI hai, use kavitA kahate hai / (80) jayazaMkara prasAda ne kAvya ko AtmA kI saMkalpanAtmaka anubhUti mAnA hai, jisakA sambandha, vizleSaNa, vikalpa yA vijJAna se nahIM hai| vaha eka zreyamayI preya racanAtmaka dhArA hai |(1) ukta bhAratIya vicArakoM ke vicAra kahIM na kahIM mata vizeSa ke Agraha meM simaTa se gaye haiN| kavitA kisI siddhAMta ke vazIbhUta nahIM hai| kavitA ke bAda hI siddhAnta kA janma huA, isalie kisI siddhAnta ke Aloka meM kavitA kI vyAkhyA karanA ucita nahIM, isIlie AcArya rAmacaMdra zukla aura jayazaMkara prasAda kI paribhASA bahuta dUra taka jIvana ke rahasya ko | 120

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...kholatI huI kavitA ke utsa ko spaSTa kara detI hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kAvya ko apane dRSTikoNa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| varDsavartha ke anusAra "kavitA zAMti ke kSaNoM meM smRta sazakta manovegoM kA sahaja pravAha hai / (82) varDsavartha ne manovegoM ke dvArA kAvya meM vastu tatva ke sthAna para 'bhAva' tatva kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| zelI kI mAnyatA rahI hai ki 'kavitA sabase sukhI aura sarvottama mastiSkoM ke sarvottama aura sabase sukhI kSaNoM kA abhilekha hai|' (Poetry is the record of the list and the happiest moments of the hapliest and liest minds.) maithyU ArnolDa kavitA kI mUlarUpa meM jIvana kI AlocanA mAnate haiN| (Poetry is the best words in their best order.) DaoN. jAnasana ke anusAra kavitA vaha satya hai jo kalpanA kI sahAyatA se buddhi ke dvArA satya aura Ananda kA samanvaya karatI hai| isa paribhASA meM kavitA ke aneka pramukha Antarika aura bAhya tatva samAviSTa hai| 'satya', 'Ananda', 'kalpanA' aura 'buddhi' kavitA ke Antarika tatva haiM, to kalA usakA bAhya tatva hai jisameM bhASA, chaMda, alaMkAra Adi abhivyakti meM vividha upakaraNa A jAte haiN| satya se DaoN.jAnasana kA abhiprAya kavi ke anubhava kI yarthAthatA se hai aura AnaMda kA saMbaMdha kavi ke bhAva loka se hai| buddhi se kavitA meM nUtana vicAroM kI pratisthApanA hotI hai| kalpanA to kAvya kA kriyamANa tatva hI hai |(3) vastutaH kAvya bimba ke Avazyaka upakaraNa ke rUpa meM citrAtmakatA, bhAvAtmakatA, zabda artha, rUpakAtmakatA, aindriyatA, kalpanA Adi ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| 'kAvya kA preraka tatva hai bhaav|' bhAva saMsparza ke binA kAvya bimba kA astitva sambhava nahIM hai| bimba kA nirmANa sakriya kalpanA se hotA hai, ataH kalpanA hI bimba kA kAraNa hai| zabda aura artha bhAvoM ko prakSepita karate haiM, ataH samucita bhASA hI bimba kI upakaraNa sAmagrI hai| kAvya meM bimba ke svarUpa gaThana para nimnAnusAra vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai :(1) bimba aura citrAtmakatA : levisa ne likhA hai ki saralatama rUpa meM bimba ko zabda citra hI samajhanA ailey |(64) (In its simplest form, it is a picture mad out of words.) aldad 1211

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kI bhASA meM yaha citrAtmakatA bimba muhAvaroM evaM lokoktiyoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai|85) ku. kairolina sparjiyana ke anusAra 'kAvya bimba eka choTA sA zabda citra hai, jise koI kavi yA gadya lekhaka apane bhAvoM, vicAroM ko abhivyakta karatA hai, unheM suMdaratA pradAna karatA hai, aura ramaNIyatA ke sAtha citrita karatA hai.... apane bhAvoM evaM vicAroM kI gahanatA evaM adhikatA ko jisako usane ana kiyA hai, jisake viSaya meM usane socA thA, vicArA hai - hama taka pahuMcAne ke lie saMpreSaNIya banAne ke lie kavi isI zabda citra kA Azraya letA hai / (66) parvatIya pradeza meM pAvasa Rtu kI citramayatA yahA~ dRSTavya hai : dhaMsa gaye dharA meM samaya zAla, uTha rahA dhuA~ jala gayA tAla yo jadala yAna meM vicara-vicara thA indra khelatA indrjaal|| --- paMta ukta kavitA meM mUsalAdhAra vRSTi se zAlavRkSa kA na dikhAI denA, tathA samaya kA patA na calanA zabda rekhA se dRzya kA citrAMkana kiyA gayA hai, koI bhI citrakAra isa zabda rUpAMkana se AkAza meM maMDita tathA tIvratA se daur3a rahe bAdaloM kA citrAMkana kara sakatA hai| (2) bimba aura bhAva : bhAva kavitA kA pramukha vidhAyaka tatva hai| kavi kI anubhUti se sampRkta hone ke kAraNa zoka aura bhaya jaise dukhAtmaka bhAva bhI sukhAtmaka bhAva ke samAna AhlAdakArI bana jAte haiN| bhAva ke kAraNa hI kavitA jIvana jagat se rAgAtmaka stara para jur3atI hai / (67) bhAva saMkrAmaka hote haiM, inameM kSipratA hotI hai| ye kavi ke hRdaya meM sthita rahate haiM aura bimba yojanA dvArA pAThaka taka pahuMcate haiN| isa rUpa meM bhAva hI kAvya kA artha aura iti hai| bhAva kI anubhUti se hI kavi karma kA prAraMbha hotA hai| usI bhAva kI anubhUti zrotA yA pAThaka meM jAgRta kara denA kavi kA aMtima lakSya hai |(88) bimba ke pRSThabhUmi meM kavi kI bhAvAnubhUti hI rahatI hai jo binA kisI Agraha athavA pUrvAgraha ke pAThaka athavA zrotA ke hRdaya meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI prakriyA se bimbita hotI hai| [122]

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(3) vicAra yA buddhi tatva : yadi bhAvanA kI atizayatA kavitA meM atiraMjanA lAkara use satya se dUra le jAtI hai, to bhAvahIna vicAroM kI prabalatA kavitA ko niSprANa banA detI hai, ataeva bhAvagarbhita vicAra yA vicAra veSTita bhAva hI kavitA ko saMdara aura jIvanopayogI banAte hai |89) vicAra athavA buddhi bhI kAvya meM satya ko pratiSThita karatI hai| kintu yadi vaha hRdaya kI sattA se pare kevala buddhi athavA vicAra sattA kA prakAzana karanA cAhatI hai to usameM ciMtana kI adhikatA to milegI kintu bhAva zUnyatA ke kAraNa usakA sahI mAyane meM bimbAMkana nahIM ho skegaa| (4) bimba evaM kalpanA tatva : kavi kI kalpanA-pravaNatA kAvya ko rocaka evaM prabhAvazAlI banAtI hai| kalpanA vastu-jagat aura kavi ke bIca saMbaMdha sthira karatI hai aura bAhya prakRti jaise hI mAnasa paTala para bimba rUpa meM aMkita huI ki kalA kA janma huaa|90) kalpanA zabda kI vyutpatti 'klRpa' dhAtu se huI hai| jisakA artha hai racanA athavA sRsstti| Adhunika AlocanA meM isa zabda kA prayoga 'imejinezana' ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| isake AdhAra para kalpanA eka aisI mAnasika prakriyA mAnI jA sakatI hai jisameM kavi mUrtiyoM athavA rUpoM kI sRSTi karatA hai / (71) saMskRta kAvya zAstra meM 'imejinezana' ke lie pratibhA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| mammaTa ne pratibhA ko pUrva janma ke saMskAroM se prApta zakti kahA hai, jo kavitva kA bIja hai, isake abhAva meM kAvya-sRSTi asaMbhava hai| 'zaktiH kavitva bIja rUpaH saMskAra vishessH| yAM binA kAvyena prasaret, prasRtaM vA upahasanIyaM syaat| (kAvya prakAza 1.3 vRtti) rAjazekhara ne pratibhA ke do vibhAga kiye haiM :- 1. kArayitrI pratibhA, 2. bhAvayitrI prtibhaa| (2) ye donoM pratibhAe~ kAvya ko kalAtmaka utkarSa detI hai| kAlarija kAvya sRjana meM kalpanA kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA svIkAra karate hue isake cha: kArya svIkAra karate hai (1) aikyavidhAna Itunities (2) sAra saMcayana Itabstracts (3) saMzodhana Itmodifies (4) upasthitikaraNa It-aggregates (5) saMgrahaNa Itevokes tathA (6) saMgaThana It-Combines.(93) [123]

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isa prakAra kalpanA kAvya kA pradhAnaguNa hai| kavi kavitA ke dvArA dRzya ko mUrta athavA amUrta rUpa meM vyakta karatA hai| bhAvoM ko kalpanA hI chavi kA sAkAra amalIjAmA pahanAtI hai| kalpanA jitanI hI prakhara hogI, usakA bimba utanA hI spaSTa evam mUrtivaMta hogaa| dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki kavitA mAtra korI kalpanA kA dastAveja nahIM hai vaha to satyaM zivaM aura suMdaram kI adhiSThAtrI devI hai jisakA zrRMgAra tathA nikhAra kalpanA ke dvArA hotA hai| kabhI vaha alaMkAroM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai to kabhI pratIka ke rUpa meM, kabhI vyaMjanA ke rUpa meM apanI chaTA dikhAtI hai to kabhI lakSaNA ke rUpa meN| isa prakAra bhAvoM ke vividha vAtAyana se jhAMkatI huI sArthaka kalpanA bimboM kA saMsAra racane meM samartha hotI hai| bimba aura kAvya bhASA : kavitA ke upakaraNoM meM bhASA kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| bhASA AtmaprakAzana kA sazakta mAdhyama hai| vicAra vinimaya kA sahaja sAdhana hai| kAvyabhASA bhAvoM ko prastuta karane meM jitanI hI kAragara hogI usakA zrotA yA pAThaka para utanA hI lAbhakArI prabhAva pdd'egaa| har3asana ne 'AtmAbhivyakti kI kAmanA ko sAhitya sRjana kA pradhAna preraka tatva mAnA hai| (94) Rgveda meM eka sthAna para kavi ke lie 'vatso vA madhumadvaco'zaMsItkAvyaH kaviH' (8, 8, 11) kahA gayA hai| sAyaNa ke anusAra kAvya kavi kA putra hai, jo mAdhurya se bharI vANI bolatA hai| isI prakAra saMskRta sAhitya meM kavi ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki : mandaM nikSipate padAni paritaH zabdaM smudviiksste| nAnAthahiraNaM ca kAMkSati mudaalNkaarmaakrssti|| Adatte sakalaM suvarNanicayaM dhatte rasAntargataM / doSAnveSaNa tatparo vijayate coropamaH satkaviH / / bhASA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to varNa, zabda, pada, artha, alaMkAra, rasa sabhI bAtoM kA samucita aura suMdara samAveza kavi ke 'kAvya' meM hotA hai| varNa, zabda aura pada kI samyak yojanA bhASA kA pakSa hai, para usa yojanA se jo alaMkAra aura rasa [124]

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bhAvAdi kI vyaMjanA hotI hai, vahI kAvya bhASA kA rUpa banAtI hai| (nayA kAvya zAstra, bhagIratha mizra prathama saMskaraNa 1993 peja 09) kAlarija ne bAyogrAphiyA liTareriyA (peja-32) meM likhA hai ki "Good sense is the body of Poetic genius, Fancy its Drapery, Motion its life and Imagination, the soul, that is every where and in each : and forms all into one graceful and intelligent whole." arthAt artha, zabda, camatkAra, laya aura kalpanA yathocita rUpa meM milakara jaba eka paripUrNa racanA kA nirmANa karate haiM, taba vaha kavitA yA kAvya banatI hai| AcArya zukla kA yaha bahucarcita kathana ki kavitA kA uddezya (artha) grahaNa karAnA mAtra nahIM hotA, bimba grahaNa karAnA huA karatA hai| kavi kI anubhUti bhASA meM hI abhivyakta hotI hai| bimba kavi kI anubhUti se abhinna vastu hai| ataH kAvya meM bimbAtmakatA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki bhASA anubhUti ko jyoM kA tyoM prakAzita karane meM samartha ho| kavi meM anubhUti ho aura use abhivyakta karane meM samartha bhASA na ho to kAvya ke rUpa meM anubhUti ke vyApIkaraNa meM bAdhA hogii| yoM to bhAva vyaMjanA bhASA kI mohatAja nahIM huA karatI, kiMtu kAvya ke kSetra meM 'bhare bhauna meM karata hai nainana hI soM bAta' vAlI bAta siddha nahIM hotI kyoMki bimboM kA prakAzana zabdoM dvArA hI hotA hai| bhAva, anubhUti kaisI bhI ho, vaha to zabda ke sAMce meM hI DhalatI hai| kavitA ke lie citra bhASA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| jo bhAvoM yA dRzyoM ko eka AkAra athavA bimba rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai| bhASA meM 1. vyaMjakatA, 2.camatkArahInatA, 3. rUpakAtmakatA, 4. dhvanyAtmakatA (nAda sauMdarya) kA honA Avazyaka hai| AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne vyaMjanA zabda-zakti ke pariprekSya meM likhA hai ki vAcyArtha aura lakSyArtha donoM ke atirikta jisa kisI prayojanIya anya artha kA bodha hotA hai, use vyaMgyArtha kahate haiM, jisa zabda se aise artha kA bodha hotA hai use vyaMjaka kahate haiN| jisa zabda zakti se usa artha kA bodha hotA hai use 'vyaMjanA' zabda zakti kahate hai|95) yoM to 'vyaMjaka' kA koSagata artha hotA hai, 'vyakta' yA prakaTa karane vAlA, sUcita karane vaalaa| vyaMgyArtha se kAvyagata bhAvoM meM kSipratA AtI hai| vyaMgya jitanA hI gaharA hogA kAvya bimba bhI utanA hI prabhAvakArI 125]

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hogaa| vyaMjanA ke atirikta moTe taura para lakSaNA evaM lokokti tathA muhAvare bhI kAvya bhASA meM prayukta hokara usakI vyaMjakatA ko bar3hA dete hai| kavi ko camatkAra pUrNa bhASA se bacanA cAhie kyoMki jahAM bhI bhASA meM camatkAra huA vahI para vaha apanI sahajatA aura sAmAnyIkaraNa kI prakriyA ko dhUmila kara detA hai| rItikAla ke AcArya bhASA ke camatkArI prayoga ke kAraNa hI durUha ho gye| kezava ko 'kaThina kAvya kA preta' isI camatkArI bhASA prayoga ke kAraNa hI kahA gyaa| astu kavi kI bhASA sahaja, sarala, pravAhamayI tathA marma ko chUne vAlI honI cAhie tabhI vaha kAvya ke bimba ko caritArtha kara skegii| kavi kA buddhi bala, atizyoktipUrNa racanA tathA zabdAlaMkAroM kI prastuti kAvya meM 'bimba grahaNa' meM bAdhA upasthita karatI hai jaise : ekadA tu katipayAmAsApagame kAkalI gAyana iva samRddha nimnagA nada .... sAyantana samaya iva nartita nIlakaMTha: samAjagAma varSA samayaH / (96) ukta udAharaNa meM varSA Rtu se koI spaSTa bimba nadI kA bana pAtA, dhyAna pUrI taraha zabdo para hI kendrita ho jAtA hai jisase bimba meM bAdhA AtI hai, ise na to dRzya kaha sakate haiM aura na hI yahA~ sAdRzya hai| sarasa kAvya meM bhASAgata krIr3A kI AlocanA saMskRta AlocakoM ne bhI kI hai| sI.De.levisa mAnate haiM ki kavitA kI bhASA sahaja honI caahie| bimba ke lie sarala, svAbhAvika bhASA kI AvazyakatA hai, camatkAra pradhAna nhiiN|(97) kAvya bhASA meM rUpakAtmakatA bimba vidhAna kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hotA hai| isameM rUpaka, samAsokti mAnavIkaraNa Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai| levisa ke anusAra kisI kavi ko mApane ke lie usake bimboMyA meTAphara (rUpaka) kI tIvratA aura maulikatA dekhanI caahie|(8) Age levisa likhate hai koI bhI kavitA AdyaMta saMbaMdha sUtroM se jur3I rahatI hai aura aisI sthiti meM pratIka bimba eka vastu mAtra kI hI punarracanA nahIM karatA apitu vaha vastu ko saMbaMdhoM ke sAtha racatA hai aura isa taraha se vaha bimba kavitA ke saMbaMdha sUtroM kI zrRMkhalA ke sAtha ekAkAra ho jAtA hai / (00) sAdRzyatA ke kAraNa bhAvoM ke AropaNa dvArA hI amUrta vastu ko bimba rUpAyita karatA hai| acetana padArtha para eka cetana dharma kA Aropa hI viSaya 126]

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ko sajIva banA detA hai| ejarApAuNDa evaM siTavela Adi vidvAna tathyoM ke saTIka upasthApana meM hI bimba kI itizrI mAnate haiM |(100) bhASA meM bimba vidhAna ke udghATana meM dhvanyAtmakatA kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| dhvanyAlokakAra ne likhA hai-jahA~ artha svayaM kI tathA zabda apane abhidheya artha ko gauNa karake pratIyamAna artha ko prakAzita karate haiN| usa kAvya vizeSa ko vidvAnoM ne dhvani kahA hai |101) arthAt jahAM pratIyamAna artha (vyaMgArtha) vAcyArtha se adhika suMdara ho vahA~ dhvani kA astitva svIkAra kiyA jaayegaa| abhivyakti kI saphalatA zabdoM kI dhvanana zakti para adhika nirbhara hai| zabda eka ora to artha kI pratIti karAkara vastu athavA bhAva kA bimba mAnasa netroM ke sammukha jagAte haiM aura dUsarI ora apanI dhvani se artha ko mukhara karake eka dhvanicitra bhI utAra dete haiN| kavitA kI bhASA ke zabda sasvara hone caahie|102) isa prakAra ukta guNoM se paripUrNa bhASA vividha bimboM kA udghATana karane meM sakSama hotI hai| ---00-- 1127|

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bimba aura rasa rasa siddhAMta bhAratIya kAvya zAstra kA sabase prAcIna vyApaka aura bahumAnya siddhAMta hai| kAvya meM sabase pahale rasa kI pratiSThA nATaka ke saMdarbha meM AcArya bharatamuni ne kii| rasa AsvAda hai, AhlAda hai, brahmAnaMda kA sahodara hai-isIlie kAvyAnaMda hai| rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnane kA kAraNa bhI yahI thaa| rasa kA saMpUrNa kArya vyApAra bhAva jagat se hai| aura ye mUla bhAva rati, hAsa, Azcarya, utsAha, krodha, bhaya, zoka, jugupsA, nirveda mAnava mana yA hRdaya meM sthAyI rUpa se rahate haiN| anukUla paristhiti meM inakA prasphuraNa hotA hai| jise virodhI athavA avirodhI bhAva na to apane meM chipA sakate haiM aura na hI dabA sakate haiN| ye barAbara rasa meM Adi se aMta taka bane rahate haiM jisakI AnaMdAnubhUti athavA kAvyAnubhUti sahRdaya athavA darzaka ko hotI rahatI hai| AcArya bharata ne rasa kI vyAkhyA nATakoM ke saMdarbha meM kI hai| isalie dRzya aura darzaka kA pratyakSataH saMparka bhAva se hotA hai, jo Aropita kiMtu mUrta rUpa meM darzaka ke mAnasa paTala para bimbita hotA hotA hai jaise yadi koI pAtra rAma ke rUpa meM lIlA kara rahA hai, to sahRdaya meM jo bhAva jAgRta hoMge vaha rAma ke prati hoNge| pAtra ke mAdhyama se prekSaka yA darzaka ke mAnasapaTala para rAma kA bimba aMkita hogA, jisa kAraNa bhAva kA rasAsvAdana vaha AsAnI se kara skegaa| ___kAvya kI AnaMdAnubhUti do rUpoM meM kI jAtI hai - prathama, dRzyakAvya ke rUpa meM, tathA dvitIya zravya kAvya ke rUpa meN| nATaka dRzya kAvya kA zreSThatama rUpa hai| yaha 'citravat' yA 'dRSTigocara hotA hai| isIlie vAmana dRzya kAvya ko zreSTha mAnate huye "kAvyeSu nATakam ramyam" kA kathana karate hue prakArAntara se usakI citrAtmakatA para hI bala dete haiM jo bimba vidhAna meM sahAyaka hotA hai| AcArya bharata ne rasa ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki 'yathAhi nAnA vyaMjanauSadhi gravyaMsaMyogAdrasaniSpattiH bhavati, yathA hi guDA dibhirdravyaivyaMjanairoSadhibhizca SA'vAdayo rasA nirvartante tathA nAnAbhAvopagatA api sthAyino bhAvA rasatva mApnuvantIti / (103) arthAt jisa prakAra nAnA prakAra ke vyaMjanoM, auSadhiyoM tathA dravyoM ke saMyoga se rasa kI niSpatti hotI hai, jisa prakAra gur3Adi dravyoM, vyaMjanoM aura auSadhiyoM se SADavAdi rasa banate haiM usI prakAra vividha bhAvoM se saMyukta hokara

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sthAyI bhAva bhI (nATya), rasa rUpa ko prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra kAvya meM rasa saMcAra hetu sthAyI bhAva mUlabhAva hai| Age ve likhate haiM ki 'bhAvAnubhAva vyabhicArI saMyogAdrasaniSpattiH (104) arthAt vibhAga, anubhAva evam saMcArI bhAva ke saMyoga se rasa kI vyutpatti hotI hai| AcArya dhanaMjaya ne dRzya kAvya ko "AnandanisyandiSu rUpakeSu" kathana dvArA rUpaka mAnA hai |(105) jisakA uddezya sahRdayoM ko Ananda svarUpa rasa kA AsvAdana karAnA hai| cakSugrAhya hone ke kAraNa nATaka meM bimbAtmakatA sahaja ho jAtI hai| cUMki dRzya kAvya meM hama vastu kA apanI sthUla indriyoM se pratyakSa anubhava karate haiN| A~kha, kAna, nAka se dekhate, sunate va sUMghate haiN| zravya kAvya meM yaha pratyakSIkaraNa sthUla iMdriyoM se na hokara sUkSma indriyoM se hotA hai| yadi sahI citrAtmakatA zravya kAvya meM utpanna kara dI jAe to vahAM bhI rasAnubhUti hotI hai| yaha citrAtmakatA hI bimba vidhAna hai|(106) __ rasa siddhAnta kA saMpUrNa AdhAra sthAyI bhAva, vibhAva, anubhAva aura saMcArI bhAva hI haiM, jisameM sthAyI bhAva amUrta tathA zeSa bhAva mUrta rUpa meM rahate haiN| DaoN. nagendra ke anusAra 'rasa ke paripAka ke lie amUrta sthAyIbhAva kA citraNa na kara usake kAraNa kArya Adi ke varNana kI hI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| sthAyI bhAva amUrta hai, ataH unakI vyaMjanA hI sambhava hai| vibhAva aura anubhAva mUrta haiM, jinakA varNana kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH kavi mUrta kAraNa kArya kA varNana kara amUrta bhAva kI vyaMjanA karane meM saphala hotA hai, isa prakAra prasaMga niyojana yA vibhAvAnubhAva yojanA amUrta ke mUrttana kA sabase sugama evaM vyavahArika upAya hai| (107) puSTi hetu unhoMne matirAma kA nimnalikhita dohA prastuta kiyA hai : dhyAna karata nanda lAla kau, naye neha meM baam| tanu bUr3ata raMga pIta meM, mana bUr3ata raMga shyaam|| ukta udAharaNa meM naye neha kI anubhUti ko 'bAma' aura 'nandalAla' para Aropita kara Alambana (nandalAla), uddIpana (pItAmbara kA AkarSaNa yA zyAmala chavi) anubhAva, (dhyAna karanA kalpanA ke dvArA pItAmbara meM DUbanA) saMcArI (smRti [129]

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autsukya) ke vidhAna ke dvArA bimbita kiyA gayA hai | (108) isa prakAra rasa eka amUrta evaM sUkSma tatva hai| isakI abhivyakti ke lie mUrta mAdhyamoM kA sahArA lenA Avazyaka hotA hai| ye mUrta athavA sthUla mAdhyama hI bimba ke rUpa meM prastuta hote haiN| maharSi vAlmIki dvArA praNIta 'rAmAyaNa' kA janma rasa dazA meM hI huaa| krauJca vadha ke pazcAt krauJcI ke vilApa se kavi ke hRdaya meM karUNA kI jo ajastradhArA pravAhita huI, usakA kAraNa maithuna rata krauJcI kA vaha mUrta dRzya hI thA jo vyAdha dvArA vadhita (krauJca pakSI) hone para krauJcI ke vilApa se kAvya bimba ke rUpa meM prasphuTita huyii| 'kavi apanI hRdayagata vedanA, bhAvanA evam anubhUti ko zabda ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta karatA hai| pAThaka jaba kAvyAsvAdana karatA hai to kavi varNita vastu kI spaSTa chavi yA mAnasika citra usake sAmane prastuta ho jAtA hai| yaha bimbAnubhUti, yadyapi AtmA sthAnIya hai, parantu sthUla rUpa se indriya grAhya hai, indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI bimba AtmA viSayaka hotA hai, rasika jaba bimbAsvAdana karatA hai taba usakI sthiti tAdAtmya rUpa ho jAtI hai| tadAkAratA kI prApti bimba kA mahatvapUrNa phala hai| 100) yoM to bhAratIya kAvyazAstra yA rasa siddhAMta meM 'bimba' zabda kA ullekha nahIM milatA, kiMtu rasa se maNDita kavitA meM bimbAMkana kI sahaja prakriyA dekhI jA sakatI hai| rasAMgoM kI kavitA meM upasthiti bimba rUpa meM hI hotI hai| saMskRta evaM hindI ke kAvyoM meM bimba kA vistRta saMsAra dekhA jA sakatA hai| sUradAsa ne kRSNa ke mathurA jAte samaya gopikAoM kI viraha vigalita dazA kA citraNa kiyA hai, jisako rUpAyita karane vAle bimboM kI eka laghu pradarzinI avalokanIya hai : rahIM jahA~ so tahA~ saba tthaaddh'ii| hari ke calata dekhiyata aisI, manahU~ citra likhi kaaddh'ii|| sUkhe vadana,stravati nainani teM, jaladhArA ura baaddh'ii|| kaMdhani bAMha dhare citavati manu drumani beli dava daaddh'ii|| nIrasa kari chAr3ayo, suphalaka suta, jaise dUdha binu saaddh'ii|| sUradAsa akrUra kRpA taiM sahI vipati tana gaaddh'ii|| (110) 11301

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- isa pada meM citra dAvAgni se jhulasI dumalatA tathA sADhIvihIna dUdha ke bimboM kA mArmika niyojana huA hai| "kRSNa ke mathurA gamana ke samaya gopiyA~ citra kI bhA~ti stabdha raha gaI, unakI A~khoM se azrupravAha umar3a pdd'aa| viraha meM khoyI kaMdho para bA~ha rakhe, ve aise dIkha rahI thI, mAnoM dAvAgni se jhulasI duma latAe~ hoN| kRSNa ko unase vimukta kara akrUra ne unheM malAI rahita dUdha ke samAna nIrasa kara diyaa|' vibhAva vizeSa rUpa se AdhAra banakara rasa ko prakaTa karate haiM - isake donoM rUpa AlaMbana va uddIpana bimba rUpa meM hI prastuta hote haiN| AcArya zukla ne spaSTa rUpa meM likhA hai ki 'rasa ke saMyojaka jo vibhAva Adi haiM ve hI kalpanA ke pradhAna kSetra hai| vibhAvavastu citramaya hotI hai, jahAM vaha vastu zrotA yA pAThaka ke bhAvoM kA Alambana hotI hai, vahA~ usakA akelA pUrNa citraNa hI kAvya kahalAne meM pUrNa ho sakatA hai, vibhAva kA mukhya prayojana viziSTa jJAna karAnA hai, vaha sAmAnya vastu ko vizeSa banAkara pAThaka yA zrotA ke bhAvoM kA Alambana banAtA hai| sAmAnya kA yaha viziSTatva bimba dvArA hI pratipAdita hotA hai |(111) Azraya ke hRdaya meM ratibhAva kI pratiSThA ke lie Alambana ke rUpagata sauMdarya kA darzanIya citra aMkita kiyA jAtA hai| tulasI ne bhI Alambana ke rUpa meM sItA aura rAma donoM ke sauMdarya ko AkarSaka bimba dvArA darzAyA hai - suMdaratA kahu~ sundara krii| chavi gRha dIpazikhA janubaraI / / (112) ukta udAharaNa meM sauMdarya ko bhI prodbhASita karane vAlI sItA kI suMdaratA ko kavi ne citrazAlA meM jyotita dIpazikhA ke cAkSuSa bimba dvArA bar3I mArmika abhivyakti dI hai| rAmacarita mAnasa se zrRMgAra rasa kA eka anya udAharaNa dRSTavya hai| jisameM vibhAva, anubhAva evaM saMcArI bhAva meM bimboM kI chaTA dekhI jA sakatI hai : kaMkana kiMkina nUpura dhuni suni| kahata lakhana sana rAma hRdaya guni| mAnahu~ madana dundubhI diinhii| manasA visva vijaya kaha~ kiinhii|| asa kahi phiri citaye tehiM oraa| siya mukha sasi bhaye nayana ckoraa| bhaye vilocana cArU acNcl| manahu~ sakuci nimi tajeu dRgaMcala / / (113) | 1311

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sItA ke prati rAma ke rati bhAva ko kavi ne eka AkarSaka nAda bimba ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| kaMkaNa kiMkiNI aura nUpura kI mAdaka dhvani ke Agamana dizA kI ora rAma ne dekhA to sItA ke mukhacandra ke lie unake netra cakora bana gye| yahA~ rAma sItA viSayaka rati ke Azraya haiM, sItA Alambana haiN| kaMkana, kiMkinI, sItA kA mukha zazi, rUpa Adi uddIpana haiN| netroM kA acaMcala honA anubhAva aura lubhAne meM abhilASA aura harSa saMcArI bhAva hai| isa prakAra ukta udAharaNa meM rasAMgoM dvArA saMpUrNa dRzya kA bimbAMkana stutya hai| yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki rasa ke cAroM aMgoM kI upasthiti kavitA meM ho| yadi AlaMbana gata nAyaka yA nAyikA kA varNana suMdara bimba rUpa meM kiyA jAya to akelA vibhAva bhI rasa kI siddhi meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| ejarA pAuNDa ne bimba kI vyAkhyA meM bhAva va vicAra ko pramukhatA dete hue likhatI hai ki bimba eka nizcita samaya meM bhAvanAtmaka evaM bauddhika vicAroM ko prakaTa karatA hai / (114) zrI kRSNa caitanya ke anusAra 'kAvya meM bhAva garbhita imeja hI vaidha mAnA jA sakatA hai / (115) viSAdAtmaka bhAva bimba kI eka jhalaka prastuta hai : tuma kitanI suMdara lagatI ho, jaba tuma ho jAtI ho, udAsa jyoM kisI gulAbI duniyA~ meM sUne khaNDahara ke Asa-pAsa madabharI cA~danI jagatI ho - dharmavIra bhAratI (116) girijAkumAra mAthura ne dharatI para jhuke sAvana ke bAdaloM kA bhAvabimba prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki usa samaya phUla bAheM khulajAtI hai aura lAja kA A~cala svataH hI haTa jAtA hai : nahAkara vanaspati huI Rtu mati sI nitambinI dharA jyoM ku~vari rasavatI sI navor3hA nadI ke navala aMga khole ... sajI dIpa tana kI milana AratI sii| 117) jina kriyAoM athavA ceSTAoM se kisI ke hRdaya meM sthita bhAva 132]

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kA anubhava (jJAna) ho use anubhAva kahate haiN| anubhAva amUrta bhAvoM ke vyakta mUrta svarUpa haiN| bimba bhI amUrta bhAva kA mUrta svarUpa hotA hai, isalie anubhAvoM kI prastuti bimbAtmaka rUpa meM hotI hai, jaise : catura sakhI lakhi kahA bujhaaii| pahirAvahu~ jayamAla suhaaii| sunata jugala kara mAla utthaaii| prema vivasa pahirAI na jaaii|| (118) vivAha kA dRzya hai| sItA jI rAma ke prema meM itanI lIna ho gayI ki ve apanI sudha-budha bhI bhUla gyiiN| ve jayamAla zrI rAma ko pahanAnA cAhatI haiM kintu pahanA nahIM paatii| lajjAmizrita AnandAtireka se unake hAthoM kA saMcAlana rUka jAnA bhAvabimba kA bahuta hI suMdara udAharaNa hai| saMcArI bhAva pAnI ke bulabule kI bhAMti hote haiM, jo sthAyIbhAva ke sahAyaka evaM rasa ke upakAraka hote haiN| ye kSaNika hote haiM tathA sthAyI bhAva ko puSTa kara lupta ho jAte haiN| inakA varNana bhI kAvya meM anya bhAvoM kI bhA~ti bimba rUpa meM hotA hai| jaise : kuMja, tumhAre kusumAlaya meM prANanAtha Akara bhudhaa| pAna karAte the saba braja ko veNu bajAkara madhura sudhaa| tumheM vidita hai sunakara vaha rava jyoM zikhinI ghanarava, sunakara kauna upasthita ho jAtI thI unake caraNoM meM stvr| (119) viyoga dazA meM rAdhikA dvArA zrIkRSNa ko yAda karanA smRti bimba hai| zrIkRSNa kI 'veNu dhvani' meM 'dhanarava' tathA rAdhA ke rUpa meM 'zikhinI' kA bimbAkaMna mArdava se paripUrNa evam prabhAvazAlI hai| niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bimba ke mUla meM bhAva kI hI preraNA rahatI hai, jisake kAraNa bimba rasAsvAdana kA mukhya AdhAra bana jAtA hai| jaba taka sAmAjika ke mAnasika dharAtala para bimba nirmita nahIM hotA, taba taka rasa carvaNA asaMbhAvya hai| vastugata bimbana hote hI sAmAjika sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI sthiti meM pahu~cakara Anandita ho uThatA hai| yahI rasAnanda, AtmAnanda kA sahodara kahA gayA hai / (120) --00-- | 133

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bimba aura alaMkAra kAvya ke zobhAkara dharma ko alaMkAra kahate haiM |(121) alaMkAra bhASA ke zrRMgAra aura bhAvoM ke saphala vyaMjaka hote haiN| rAjazekhara ne alaMkAra ko sAtavA~ bedAMga kahA hai| pUrvavartI AcArya bhAmaha, daNDI, rUdraTa, udbhaTa alaMkAroM ko mahatva dete haiN| 'bhAmaha' kA kathana hai ki 'na kAntamapi nirbhUSaM vibhAti vanitA mukham (122) arthAt ramaNI kA suMdara mukha bhI AbhUSaNa rahita hone para zobhita nahIM hotaa| vaise hI alaMkAra vihIna kAvya rUcikara nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha vakrokti hai jo kAvyoM meM prANoM kA saMcAra karatI hai| AcArya naMdadulAre bAjapeyI ne alaMkAra kI samIkSA karate hue likhA hai ki "sauMdaryamlaMkAraH" dvArA yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bhAmaha ne alaMkAra zabda kA prayoga kAvya sauMdarya ke vyApaka artha meM kiyA hai| usa samaya taka guNa aura alaMkAra kA bheda prasphuTita nahIM huA thA aura bhAmaha ke anusAra guNoM kA samAveza bhI alaMkAroM ke aMtargata hotA thaa| sauMdaryamlaMkAraH kI pUrI vyApakatA unake nirdezoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| "kAvyAlaMkAra" nAmaka kAvya zAstra ke prasiddha graMtha meM bhAmaha ne alaMkAra ko kAvya kI AtmA kahA hai| (123) alaMkAra abhivyakti kA eka sazakta mAdhyama hai| alaMkAra kAvya ke bAhya tatva haiN| inake prayoga se zabdagata aura arthagata vyavahAra meM cArUtA AtI hai| AcArya rAmacaMdra zukla alaMkAroM kI bharamAra kavitA meM Avazyaka nahIM maante| unake zabdoM meM - "alaMkAra cAhe aprastuta vastu yojanA ke rUpa meM ho (jaise- upamA, utprekSA Adi meM) cAhe vAkya vakratA ke rUpa meM (jaise-aprastuta prazaMsA, parisaMkhyA, byAja stuti, virodha ityAdi meM) cAhe varNa vinyAsa ke rUpa meM (jaise- anuprAsa meM) lAye jAte haiM, ve prastuta bhAva yA bhAvanA ke utkarSa sAdhana ke lie hii| (124) alaMkAroM ke prayoga se bhAvAbhivyakti sahaja ho jAtI hai, aura bhinna-bhinna alaMkAra bhinna bhinna bhAvoM ke anurUpa hote haiN| sumitrAnandana paMta ke anusAra-'alaMkAra kevala vANI kI sajAvaTa ke lie nahIM ve bhAva kI abhivyakti ke vizeSadvAra haiN| bhASA kI puSTi ke lie rAga kI paripUrNatA ke lie Avazyaka upAdAna hai| ve vANI ke AcAra, vyavahAra, rIti nIti haiN| pRthaka sthitiyoM ke pRthaka svarUpa, bhinna avasthAoM ke bhinna citra haiM | (125) [134]

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kAvya ciMtakoM ne bhASA kI saMmUrtana vidhiyoM ko alaMkaraNa kahA hai kiMtu bhASA kI nita navIna udghATita zakti alaMkAroM ke ghere meM pUrI taraha nahIM baMdha pAtI, jisase yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA ki prayukta zabdoM kA sAmarthya unakI bimbaparakatA meM hai| pAzcAtya ciMtakoM ne bhAvoM ke prakAzana hetu bimba kI anivAryatA ko siddha kiyaa| levisa ne sarvaprathama bimba ke lie 'citrAtmakatA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| alaMkAra bimba nahIM hai kiMtu bhAva yA dRzya kI sAdRzyatA ke kAraNa mastiSka meM eka citra banatA hai| jo tulanA yA samAnatA kA kAraNa banatA hai| levisa ne bimba ke paryAya ke rUpa meM 'meTAphara' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai jise rUpaka ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| sAdRzya mUlaka alaMkAra ke aMtargata upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, apanhuti, saMdeha, bhrama, ullekha, anyokti, samAsokti, pratIpa, dRSTAMta Adi alaMkAra Ate haiM / (126) niHsaMdeha meTAphara alaMkAra hai bimba nahIM kintu bimba alaMkAra se bilkula asambaddha aura alaga bhI nahIM hai| donoM aprastuta vidhAna ke vAcaka hote hai| cUMki bimba aindriyajanya hai isalie sAdRzyamUlaka aMlakAroM ke alAvA anya alaMkAra bimba ke aMtargata nahIM Ate, usameM bhI rUpaka alaMkAra se usakI adhika nikaTatA hai| DaoN. jagadIza gupta kA vicAra hai - "yaha satya hai ki alaMkAroM meM rUpaka bimba ke kadAcita sabase nikaTa par3atA hai| paraMtu bhAva stara kI dRSTi se use bimba ke samakakSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rUpaka meM vastu aura vastu ke bIca kA rUpAtmaka tAdAtmyasaMbaMdha pradhAna hotA hai| jabaki bimba meM anubhUti hI vastu kI gocaratA meM pariNita ho jAtI hai tathA usase sAdRzya kA jo tatva ubharatA hai usameM rUpaka kI taraha ghaTita honA pradhAna nahIM hotaa|127) hyUma kI mAnyatA hai ki "bimba vastuoM ke AMtarika sAdRzya kA pratyakSIkaraNa hai|"(128) isa sandarbha meM DaoN. zazibhUSaNa dAsa gupta ne likhA hai ki "hama kAvya ke jina dharmoM ko alaMkAra ke nAma se pukArate haiM, thor3A socane para samajha sakegeM ki ve alaMkAra usa kavi kI usa vizeSa bhASA ke hI dharma haiN| kavi kI kAvyAnubhUti, svAnurUpa citra, svAnurUpa varNa, svAnurUpa jhaMkAra lekara hI AtmAbhivyakti karatI hai, jaba kavi kI vizeSa kAvyAnubhUti isa vizeSa bhASA meM mUrta nahIM ho pAtI, taba sacce kAvya kI racanA nahIM ho pAtI / (129) [135]

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- zabdAlaMkAra (anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa Adi) meM zAbdika camatkAra prastuta hotA hai jo varNa kI ekarUpatA se nAda-sauMdarya prastuta karatA hai| samAna varNa apanI nAdAtmakatA ke kAraNa zabda saMgIta kI yojanA karate haiM kiMtu ye sarvathA bimba grahaNa meM sahAyaka hoM, kahA nahIM jA sakatA paraMtu yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki anuprAsa meM varNoM kI kuzala yojanA se vAtAvaraNa ko sammUrtita karane kI sAmarthya hotI hai kiMtu isakA prayoga kavi kI kuzalatA para nirbhara hai / (130) astu niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki bimba aura alaMkAra kA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| sammUtana kI sthiti donoM meM hai| sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra samAnatA asamAnatA ke AdhAra para tulanAtmaka rUpa meM rUpa citra nirmita karate haiM, to bimba aindriyatA ke AdhAra para vividha kriyAkalApoM ko aMkita karate haiN| Aja bimba kA upayoga kAvya vidhA kI viziSTa zailI ke rUpa meM ho rahA hai, jabaki alaMkAra kathana ko cArU evaM prabhAvazAlI banAne meM prayukta hote rahe haiN| --00-- 11361

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bimba aura pratIka 'pratIka' zabda aMgrejI ke 'simbala' zabda kA hindI rUpAntaraNa hai| madana vAtsyAyana isakI paramparA Rgveda se mAnate hai| "na sUkhane vAle jala kI upamA vaidika RSi ne jIbha ke jala se dI thii| Aga kI lapaTo kI sIMga ghumAte hue pazu se, aura eka dina hAsa karane vAlI uSA kI vyAdha strI se|"(131) DaoN. nityAnaMda zarmA ne 'pratIka' ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki aprastuta, aprameya, agocara athavA amUrta kA pratinidhitva karane vAle usa prastuta yA gocara vastu-vidhAna ko pratIka kahate haiM jo deza kAla evaM sAMskRtika mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa hamAre mana meM apane cira sAhacarya ke kAraNa kisI tIvra bhAvabodha ko jAgRta karatA hai / (132) vastutaH dekhA jAya to jaba kAvya meM bimba apane prayoga nairaMtarya ke kAraNa rUr3ha ho jAte haiM, taba ve pratIka bana jAte haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para mahAprANa nirAlA kI kavitA 'sneha nirjhara baha gayA hai' dRSTavya hai : sneha nirjhara baha gayA hai, reta jyoM tana raha gayA hai| Ama kI yaha DAla jo sUkhI dikhI kaha rahI hai aba yahA~ pika yA zikhI nahIM Ate, paMkti maiM vaha hU~ likhI, nahIM jisakA artha jIvana daha gayA hai / (133) ukta gIta meM Ama kI sUkhI DAla aura usakI dazA ke mAdhyama se saMvedya bimba upasthita kiyA gayA hai| kavi dvArA 'pika' yA 'zikhI' ke pratIka se sukhAtmaka anubhUtiyoM ke abhAva ke rUpa meM prayukta ho jIvana dahane ke pratIka ko ubhAra kara viyoga dukha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| Aja kI kavitA mUlataH saMvedanA aura indriya bodha kI bhitti para khar3I hai, jisake kAraNa sazakta abhivyakti ke lie bimboM aura pratIkoM kI yojanA karanI pdd'ii| rAmadarasa mizra ne likhA hai ki "kavitA ke UparI Ayojana naI kavitA vahana nahIM kara sktii| vaha apanI aMtarlaya bimbAtmakatA navapratIka yojanA, naye vizeSaNoM ke prayoga, nava upamAna saMghaTanA meM kavitA ke [137]

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zilpa kI mAnya dhAraNAoM se kAphI alaga dikhatI hai arthAt vaha bAhya camatkAroM se yukta hokara kavitA ke lie jo mUlabhUta chavi hotI hai, usI ko saMyojita karanA cAhatI hai| bimba kavitA kI mUla chavi hai| isIlie Aja kI kavitA bimba bahulA ho gayI hai|"(134) kavi apanI bhAvAbhivyakti ko gahana banAne ke lie pratIkoM kA hI sahArA letA hai| pratIka sAMketika artha ke sahacara haiM isa kAvya meM lAkSaNikatA ke sAtha abhivyakti meM vakratA bhI AtI hai| kArlaIla ne likhA hai-"pratIkoM meM eka sAtha hI gopana aura prakAzana kI zakti rahatI hai jisase mauna aura vANI ke sahayoga se duharI artha vyaMjanA hotI hai| (135) kedAranAtha siMha kA kathana hai ki pratIka svayaM gauNa hotA hai| mukhyatA usa dizA kI hotI hai jidhara vaha saMketa karatA hai| bimba se usakA yahI maulika aMtara hai| bimba uThI huI uMgalI kI taraha kisI eka hI dizA meM sadaiva iMgita nahIM karatA vaha eka sAtha kaI staroM para aura kaI dizAoM meM iMgita karatA hai| pratIka kI taraha usa nija kI sattA usa saMketa meM vilIna nahIM ho jaatii| bimba pratIka kI apekSA adhika svacchaMda aura anekArtha vyaMjaka hotA hai |(136) levisa ne pratIka meM aMko kI-sI nizcitatA mAnI hai| jaise eka kahane se kevala eka saMkhyA kA bodha hotA hai, do athavA pAMca kA nahIM, vaise hI eka pratIka bhI anivArya rUpa se kevala usI bhAva athavA vicAra kA pratinidhitva karatA hai jisake lie vaha lAyA gayA hai / (137) ajJeya ne pratIkoM ko satyAnveSaNa kA sAdhana mAnA hai| pratIkoM dvArA prApta jJAna anya jJAna se bhinna hotA hai| unake anusAra vaijJAnika sAgara kI gaharAI nApane ke lie rassI DAlatA hai yA kiraNoM kI pratidhvani kA samaya kUtatA hai, vaha eka prakAra kA jJAna hai| kavi pratIka ke dvArA satya ko jAnatA hai-satya ke athAha sAgara meM vaha pratIka rUpI kaMkar3a pheMka kara usakI thAha kA anumAna karatA hai| yadi hama sAgara ko hamAre saba kucha na jAne hue bhI pratIka mAna leM to machalI usa pratIka kA pratIka ho jAtI hai jisake dvArA kavi ajJAta satya kA anveSaNa karatA hai |(138) hindI sAhitya koSa meM pratIka ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- saMdarbhIya aura sNghnit| saMdarbhIya pratIkoM meM vANI aura lipi se vyakta zabda, rASTrIya patAkAe~, [138]

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rAsAyanika tatvoM ke cinha Adi haiN| saMghanita pratIkoM kA udAharaNa dhArmika kRtyoM meM aura svapna tathA manovaijJAnika vizeSatAoM janya prakriyAoM meM milate haiN| aise pratIka pratyakSa abhivyakti yA vyavahAra ke sthAnApannoM ke saMghanita rUpa hote haiM aura cetana yA acetana saMvegAtmaka tanAvoM ke mukta prasAraNa meM sahAyatA dete haiN| vyavahArika jIvana meM ina donoM prakAroM ke pratIkoM kA mizraNa milatA hai| kaviyoM ke dvArA prAyaH pAramparika athavA vaiyaktika pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kAvya meM sAmAjika sAMskRtika (paurANika, dhArmika, aitihAsika, sAhityika) prAkRtika, vaijJAnika aura manovaijJAnika pratIkoM kA ullekha milatA hai / (139) kAvya pratIkoM kA mUla strota bimba, paurANika AkhyAna aura lekhaka kA jIvana darzana hotA hai| pratIka rUr3ha bimba hote haiM atyadhika prayoga meM Ane para kucha pratIka apanI arthavattA kho dete haiN| bimba meM citropamatA pAyI jAtI hai, pratIka meM sAMketika vyNjnaa| levisa nesaghana bimba ko pratIka kA virodhI mAnA hai jabaki jArja hvele ne kAvyAnubhUti se saMpRkta bimba ko pratIka hI mAnA hai ye donoM mata ekAMgI hai| kavitA meM bimba zAyada hI kabhI zuddha pratIkAtmaka avasthA meM mile, kiMtu yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki - saghana bimba pratIka kA virodhI hotA hai| pratIka hI saMbhrAMta hokara bimba kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara lete hai / 140) kedAranAtha siMha ne mAnA hai ki pratyeka pratIka apane mUla meM bimba hotA hai aura usa maulika rUpa se kramazaH vikasita hokara pratIka bana jAtA hai| bimba aura pratIka ke aMtara ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki bimba ke lie jJAnendriya ke kisI bhI stara para mUrta honA Avazyaka hai| yAnI bimba mUrta hI hotA hai| pratIka kisI vastu kA citrAMkana nahIM karatA kevala saMketa dvArA usakI kisI vizeSatA ko dhvanita karatA hai| ataH pratIka kA grahaNa saMdarbha se alaga aura ekAMta rUpa meM bhI saMbhava hai| kintu bimba kI preSaNIyatA usake pUre saMdarbha ke sAtha hotI hai| (141) bimba ke lie bhAvacitra anivArya zarta hai| pratIka kisI eka zabda se vyApaka bhAva ko vyakta karatA hai jabaki bimba meM kavi diye hue zabdoM se hI artha lekara sthiti kA bodha karAtA hai| isa prakAra pratIka evaM bimba meM ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hote hue bhI donoM kI sthiti paraspara svataMtra hai| pratIkoM kI bar3I saMkhyA yadi bhAva citroM [139]

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' ke rUpa meM saMbhrAMta nahIM ho pAtI to unameM se adhikAMza pratIka kathAnaka rUr3hi yA abhiprAya bana kara raha jAte haiM |(142) laiMgara ne pratIka ke cAra vidhAyI tatva mAne haiM jisameM vastu aura dhAraNA pratIka ke tAtvika sAdhana haiM aura Azraya tathA AlaMbana pratIka ke bhAvanA pakSa se sambaddha hai| inameM ve dhAraNA ko sarvAdhika mahatva dete haiM kyoMki pratIka apanI viSaya vastu ke pratinidhi nahIM hote, balki viSaya-vastu kI dhAraNA ke vAhaka hote haiM / (143) AcArya zukla ke anusAra - "pratIka viziSTa manovikAra yA bhAvanA ko abhivyakta karatA hai| (144) manovaijJAnikoM ne pratIka ko acetana mana kI damita vAsanAoM ko mUlataH zrRMgArika mAnA hai| yuMga ke anusAra "pratIka kAmavAsanA se sambaddha hote haiM aura suvicArita nahIM hote, balki sahaja jJAna ke rUpa meM prAyaH svapno meM prakaTa hote haiN| sAmUhika cetanA se utpanna pratIkoM ko yuMga ne Adya bimba kahA hai |(145) __ astu niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kalAtmaka pratIka, dharma, darzana, vijJAna Adi ke pratIkoM kI taraha spaSTa aura nizcita nahIM hote| ye prAyaH kalpanAjanya hote haiM jabaki vaijJAnika pratIka pUrNataH bauddhika hote haiN| kalA pratIka artha vistAra kI adhika saMbhAvanA rakhate haiM kyoMki kalAkAra aura sahRdaya donoM unheM eka samAna rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM karate / kalA-pratIkoM meM anubhUti kA tatva anya sabhI pratIka rUpoM se adhika hotA hai| inakA svarUpa gatyAtmaka hotA hai, rUr3ha nhiiN| sahRdaya jaba taka kalAkAra kI anubhUti kI gaharAI taka nahIM pahuMcatA taba taka vaha unakA mUla Azaya nahIM pakar3a paataa| (146) --00-- [140]

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>> bimba aura prayogadharmitA bIsavIM sadI ke prAraMbha meM 'svacchandatAvAda' ke virodha meM TI.I. hyUma kA yaha kathana mahatvapUrNa hai ki "kavitA aisI ho jo spaSTa rUpa se nukIlI ho, arthAt usameM citra kalpa eka gahare citra kI taraha ho| (147) isameM kavi jIvana kI kisI bhI jhalaka athavA ghaTanA ko, kisI bhI vicAra kI gahanatama se gahanatama parata ko athavA kisI bhI kSaNika se kSaNika saMvedanAtmaka AbhAsa ko zabda citra se isa rUpa meM prastuta kare ki vaha mUrtimAna ho jAya / hindI meM kAvya bimba kI avadhAraNA mUlataH Adhunika kAla kI hI dena hai| jahA~ taka kAvya meM bimba ke prayoga kA prazna hai vahA~ to nirvivAda rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki sadhA sadhAyA kavi cAhe vaha prAcInakAla kA ho athavA Adhunika kAla kA, usakI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna hogA hii| yaha bAta dIgara hai ki prAcIna kavi bimboM ke svarUpa se paricita nahIM the, ve bimba ko lakSya meM rakhakara kavitA nahIM likhe, pratyuta svataH svAbhAvika rUpa se vividha bimboM kA samAveza unakI kavitA meM huaa| Adhunika kAla meM bimba ko lakSya meM rakhakara kavitA kA sRjana chAyAvAdI yuga se prAraMbha huaa| san 1918 meM pAzcAtya sAhitya meM bimba vidhA caramotkarSa para thI, yaha samaya hindI kAvya meM chAyAvAda ke prAraMbha kA thaa| bhAva, bhASA aura zilpa kI dRSTi se chAyAvAdI yuga jahA~ navIna sthApanAoM se samRddha ho rahA thA vahIM bimba paraka kavitAoM kI zurUAta bhI ho rahI thii| isa saMdarbha meM kedAranAtha siMha likhate haiM ki "hindI samIkSA ke kSetra meM bimba ke racanAtmaka svarUpa saMvedanAoM kA mizraNa aura tIvra saMvegAtmakatA kI vyAkhyA kA pahalA prayAsa chAyAvAda meM hI ho cukA thaa| (148) kadAcita isIlie paMtajI ne pallava kI bhUmikA meM bimba ke lie citrabhASA zabda kA prayoga karate hue likhA thA- "kavitA meM citra bhASA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, usake zabda sasvara hone cAhie, jo bolate hoM, seba kI taraha jisake rasa kI madhura lAlimA bhItara na samA sakane ke kAraNa bAhara jhalaka par3e, jo apane bhAva ko apanI dhvani meM A~khoM ke sAmane citrita kara ske| (149) AlocanA ke kSetra meM bimba zabda ke prathama prayoktA aura vyAkhyAtA AcArya rAmacaMdra zakla haiM jinhoMne spaSTataH likhA hai ki 'kAvya meM arthagrahaNa mAtra se kAma nahIM calatA, bimba grahaNa apekSita hotA hai| (150) [141]

Page #162
zukla ke bimba saMbaMdhI vicAroM kI pRSThabhUmi meM kahIM na kahIM chAyAvAdI kaviyoM kI bhI mAnyatAe~ thii| kyoMki 'AlocanA kA koI bhI nayA siddhAMta tatkAlIna kRti sAhitya se sarvathA nirapekSa nahIM ho sktaa| (151) chAyAvAdI kaviyoM ne zabda, varNa, samAnubhUtika, vyaMjanA pravaNa samAsika prasRta evaM aindrika bimboM kI yojanA kI hai| bhAva bimboM kI chaTA to nirAlI hI dikhatI hai| prakRti janya bhAvacitra itane jIvaMta rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM, jaise ve AMkhoM ke samakSa apanI kriyAe~ kara rahe hoN| paMta ne bAdala ke gagana vihAra kA bar3A hI sundara bhAvacitra prastuta kiyA hai, jisameM bAdala kI tIvra gati ko caukar3I bharate mRga ke bimba se, usakI gaMbhIratA evam garjanA ko madamasta jhUmate hAthI ke bimba se tathA bAdala ke kSINa vistAra ko ghAsa carate sajaga 'zazaka' ke bimba se abhivyakti dI hai, aura yadi bAdaloM ke svabhAva para vicAra kareM to usameM mRga, gaja, zazaka kA citra ubharatA huA dikhAI detA hai| kabhI caukar3I bharate mRga se bhU para caraNa nahIM dharate matta mattaMgaja kabhI jhUmate sajaga zazaka nabha ko crte| mahAdevI ne apanI sUkSma rahasyAnubhUti ke lie manorama bimba diye haiM - kaise kahatI ho sapanA hai, ali ! usa mUka milana kI bAta bhare hue aba taka phUloM meM mere AMsU unake hAsa | - nIhAra isI prakAra prasAda kI kAmAyanI A~sU, lahara, nirAlA kI 'rAma kI zakti pUjA', anAmikA paMta kI naukA vihAra, grAmyA, pallavinI kavitAoM meM vividha sazakta bimboM kI sRSTi huI hai| ___ kavitA ke kSetra meM bimba praNAlI para vAstavika rUpa se kAryArambha naye kaviyoM ke dvArA huA hai jisakI prArambhika jhalaka 'tAra saptaka' meM mila jAtI hai| prayogavAda kavi sAhityika kSetra meM navInatA ke himAyatI the isalie paraMparAgata bimboM kI tulanA meM 'aindriya' aura 'AvegAzrita' bimboM ke kAvyAtmaka mahatva para [142]

Page #163
adhika bala dete the| tIsare saptaka taka bimba kA pUrNa prabhutva kavitA para dikhAI dene lgaa| bimba ke vyApIkaraNa ke kAraNa DaoN. kedAranAtha siMha ne likhA ki 'maiM bimba nirmANa kI prakriyA para jora isalie de rahA hU~ ki Aja kAvya ke mUlyAMkana kA pratimAna lagabhaga vahI mAna liyA gayA hai|"(162) bimba racanA prakriyA kA eka aMga hai jo hamArI aindrika anubhUti ko samRddha aura samRddhatara karatA hai| ajJeya prayogavAda ke puraskartA hai| unhoMne 'tArasaptaka' kA saMpAdana kiyA hai vastutaH nayI kavitA prayogavAdI kavitA kA hI eka paravartI rUpa hai| rAma vilAsa zarmA, girijA zaMkara mAthura, nemicaMdra jaina, prabhAkara mAcave, mukti bodha, bhArata bhUSaNa agravAla, nareza mehatA, bhavAnI prasAda mizra, zakunta mAthura, harivyAsa, zamazera bahAdura siMha, raghuvIra sahAya, dharmavIra bhAratI, lakSmI kAMta varmA, sarvezvara dayAla saksenA, duSyaMta kumAra, kedAranAtha siMha, vijaya devanArAyaNa sAhI Adi isa dhArA ke sazakta hastAkSara haiN| zilpa kI dRSTi se naye kaviyoM kA prayoga anUThA hai| dRzyAtmakatA aura prakRti kA bimbAtmaka citraNa kavitA ko pAradarzI banAte haiN| parvata, nadI, per3a prakRti ke ye mahatvapUrNa upAdAna kavi ko saMvedita kara dete haiM, dekhie, ajJeya kI dRSTi kitanI sUkSma aura prabhAvazIla hai - Aja maiMne parvata ko naI A~kha se dekhA Aja maiMne nadI ko naI A~kha se dekhA Aja maiMne peDa ko naI A~kha se dekhaa| (153) ukta udAharaNa meM parvata, nadI, per3a kA sahaja bimba prastuta huA hai| marma 'AMkha' se dekhane meM nahIM hai, 'naI A~kha' se dekhane meM hai| naI A~kha yAnI navIna rUpa, navIna dRssttikonn| prAyaH kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM ke mAdhyama se zAma, prAta, samudra, dina, rAta, sUrya, AkAza, kSitija, dhUma, lahareM, kiraNeM, bAdala Adi kI bimbAtmaka abhivyakti kI hai| 'uSA' kavitA meM DaoN. zamazera bahAdura siMha ne bhora se lekara sUryodaya taka kA varNana kiyA hai| AkAza kI nIlimA ke vistAra kA udghATana kavi nIle zaMkha se karatA huA bhora aura prAta kI mAMgalika dhvanyAtmakatA ko bhI vyakta karatA hai- 'prAta nabha thaa| bahuta nIlA zaMkha jaise| bhora kA nbh|' kavi ne prAtaH kAlIna nIlimA ke [143]

Page #164
lie nIle zaMkha kA bimba cunA hai| isa bimba se kavi yaha bhI batAnA cAhatA hai ki zaMkhadhvani mAMgalya kA pratIka hai aura 'prAta nabha thA, bahuta nIlA zaMkha jaise' paMkti maMgalamaya belA kI sUcanA de detI hai| prayogavAda kI kevala prayoginI paramparA kI sImA ko tor3akara eka svataMtra kavi ke rUpa meM mahAkavi nirAlA kI sApha-sutharI khulI mAnavatAvAdI paramparA ko Age bar3hAte hue samAja ke zoSaNa kA sazakta virodha muktibodha ne apanI lekhanI se kiyA hai| inakI kavitAoM meM bhAvoM ke sAtha-sAtha zabdoM kI daur3a itanI sArthaka aura saTIka hai ki aisA lagatA hai, jaise koI citerA vizAla kainavAsa taiyAra kara rahA ho, jisameM samatala aura gaharAiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha U~cAiyoM kA bhI samAveza svataH hI hotA calA jAtA hai| inake hara zabda citra ke pIche eka abhinava kAvyazakti ke darzana hote haiN| inakI bhASA kI zakti inameM hara varNana ko arthapUrNa aura citramaya banA detI hai| inhoMne kabhI bhI viziSTa zabda kI khoja nahIM kI, apitu vaha apanI abhivyakti ko sahaja aura svAbhAvika rUpa dene ke lie viziSTa bimba aura viziSTa pratIka-yojanA kI khoja meM rata rahe haiN| jaise- 'maiM tuma logoM se dUra hU~' kavitA dekhI jA sakatI hai - maiM tuma logoM se itanA dUra hU~ tumhArI preraNAoM se merI preraNA itanI bhinna hai - ki jo tumhAre lie viSa hai, mere lie anna hai merI asaMga sthiti meM calatA-phiratA sAtha hai akele meM sAhacarya kA hAtha hai unakA jo tumhAre dvArA garhita hai kiMtu ve merI vyAkula AtmA meM, bimbila hai, puraskRta, isalie tumhArA mujha para satata AghAta hai| - muktibodha ukta kavitA meM samAja kI durvyavasthA kA bimba ubharA hai| kavi ne purI kavitA meM 'maiM' 'tuma' 've' 'tumhAre' 'tumhArA' jaise sarvanAmoM ke dvArA nirdiSTa rUpoM kI [144]

Page #165
ora arthagarbhita saMketa karake bimba ko anubhUti pUrNa banAyA hai| pU~jIpati aura nirdhana varga ke saMgharSa meM saMpUrNa kavitA nirdhana varga ke dukha nirAzA aura pIr3A ke yathArtha paraka bimba ko prastuta karatI hai| unakI kavitAoM meM vyakta hotA saMgharSa aise AdamI kA saMgharSa hai jo pIr3ita, abhAvagrasta paristhatiyoM ke bojha se dabA huA kiMtu pratyeka samasyAoM kA sAmanA kara rahA hai| mukti bodha abhivyakti kI apekSA anubhUtiyoM ko Thosa, navIna bimboM se prastuta karate haiN| pazutA, krUratA mAnava ke bhItara hI samAyI huyI hai jo mAnava ke vinAza kA kAraNa banatI hai, jaise - bhItara jo zUnya hai, usakA eka jabar3A hai, jabar3e meM mAMsa kATa khAne ke dA~ta haiN| jabar3e ke bhItara a~dherI khAI meM, khUna kA tAlAba hai, aisA vaha zUnya hai| zUnya-cA~da kA mu~ha Ter3hA hai, R.pR. 143 kavi ne mAnava ke bhItara kI zUnyatA, abhAva grastatA, zArIrika aMgoM ke bimboM dvArA vyakta kiyA hai| vastutaH mukti bodha kI kavitAoM meM mAnava jIvana evaM dainika jIvana se sambandhita bimboM kI adhikatA hai| Adima jIvana ke kucha upakaraNoM kI kaI bAra AkRti dhyAna dene yogya hai| jaise-'baragada kI ghanaghora zAkhAoM kI gar3hiyala ajagarI meharAba' aura 'parityakta sUnI bAvar3I (154) aadi| unake loka vizvAsa saMbaMdhI bhUta preta, brahmarAkSasa Adi meM bimba ke sAtha milakara ye upakaraNa eka Adima vanyajIvana ke bhaya pUrNa vAtAvaraNa ko sAmane lAte haiN| naye kaviyoM kA dhyAna prAyaH naye bimboM kI talAza meM rahA hai| zamazera ke bimbavidhAna para vijayadeva nArAyaNa zAhI kA kathana hai ki 'unhoMne aise pratIkoM aura naye bimboM kA sRjana kiyA hai jo kavitA ke abhyasta pAThakoM aura zrotAoM ko aksara cunautI kI taraha laga sakate hai| (155) kavitA meM bimboM ke naye prayoga kI AvazyakatA isaliye par3I ki jisa prakAra purAne upakaraNa apanI AbhA ko kho dete haiM, usI prakAra ghise-piTe bimba bhI saMvedana zUnya ho jAte haiN| purAne bimba vidhAna [145]

Page #166
meM likhI racanAe~ Aja ke jIvana evaM jAgRta AdamI kI cetanA ko udvelita kara sakane meM asamartha ho sakatI hai, ataH purAne bimba-vidhAna tyAga kara naye bimbavidhAna ko grahaNa karanA hotA hai / (156) vastutaH kavitA ke itihAsa meM naye bimboM kI AvazyakatA par3A karatI hai, kyoMki zabdoM kI maulika prakRti meM nihita rUpaka dhIre-dhIre ghisakara amUrta ho jAte haiN| kedAranAtha siMha ke anusAra 'yuga aura sAhityika pravRttiyoM meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke sAtha-sAtha bimba vidhAna kI paddhati meM bhI parivartana hotA jAtA hai| Adi kavi vAlmIki ke bimboM meM eka saralatA aura svAbhAvikatA hai, jo vastutaH Adima saMskRti kI sahajatA kI hI chApa hai| yadi usake ThIka sAmAnAntara rakhakara kAlidAsa ke bimboM ko dekhA jAya to unameM kalpanA kI adhika U~cI ur3Ana aura rUpa vinyAsa meM apekSAkRta adhika jaTilatA dikhAI degI (157) bimboM ke prayoga meM kavi ko sahaja evaM bauddhika pradarzana se yukta honA Avazyaka hai| zamazera isa bAta ko mAnate haiM ki 'kavitA kAmpaleksa to honI hI nahIM cAhie, jabaki svayaM unakI kavitA meM bimboM kI durUhatA dekhI gayI hai| (158) Adhe-adhUre tathA azakta bimba bhI apanA prabhAva nahIM chor3a paate| bimba kavi ke rAgAtmaka sambandhoM para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa sUkSma hote haiN| sUkSmatA meM aspaSTatA evaM durUhatA nahIM pratyuta bhAva pravaNatA Avazyaka hai| kavi jahA~ bhI kavitA kI sahaja buniyAda kI avahelanA kara bauddhikatA kA pradarzana karatA hai, vahIM usakI kavitA aspaSTa evaM durUha ho jAtI hai aura bimboM ke grahaNa meM bAdhA upasthita hotI hai| udAharaNa ke taura para sarvezvara kI 'iMtajAra' kavitA ko dekhA jA sakatA hai'iMtajAra zatru hai, usa para yakIna mata kro|' bAta spaSTa hai ki jo kucha karanA hai use turaMta kara lenA caahie| aMta meM yaha kathana ki 'usase bco'| jo pAnA hai phaurana paalo| jo karanA hai phaurana kara lo|'- isase kavitA ko saMracanA meM doSa A gayA hai| (159) jabaki bimba ke kSetra meM ve sazakta hastAkSara haiN| sarala bimboM kA bhAvamaya prayoga unakI vizeSatA hai| AzA, vizvAsa AsthA, pragati evaM cetanA se paripUrNa jIvana ke prati unake ciMtana meM eka pravAha hai, jisakI caritArthatA unakI racanAoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| 'sUraja ko nahIM DUbane dUMgA' kavitA yuvA pIr3hI ke prati 11461

Page #167
vividha sUkSma bimboM se ukerI gayI hai - aba maiM sUraja ko nahIM DUbane dUMgA ! dekho maiMne kaMdhe caur3e kara lie haiM muTThiyA~ majabUta kara lI haiM . khar3A honA maiMne sIkha liyA hai ghabarAo mata, maiM kSitija para A rahA hU~ sUraja jaba ThIka pahAr3I se lur3hakane lagegA maiM kaMdhe ar3A dUMgA dekhanA, vaha vahI ThaharA hogaa| (160) pratIka aura muhAvaroM se saMvarI yaha kavitA pratibhA ke rUpa meM 'sUraja' ko mUrtita karatI hai| pUrva dizA se pazcima dizA kI ora Dhalane vAle 'sUraja' ke bimba se apane deza (bhArata) se pAzcAtya jagata kI ora Arthika lAbha hetu palAyana kara rahI yuvA pIr3hI ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai| pUrI kavitA meM muhAvare va pratIka paraka bimba ubhare haiN| kavitA meM kathya aura bimba donoM mahatvapUrNa haiN| kathya sAdhya hai bimba saadhn| jahA~ bhI kavi kathya kI upekSA kara bimba ko hI sarvopari mAnakara calatA hai arthAt bimba ko hI sAdhya mAna letA hai to vaha sazakta ke bajAya azakta kavitA likhatA hai | (161) racanA kI dRSTi se donoM prakAra ke kavi milate haiM, ve bhI haiM jo abhivyakti ko mahatva dete haiM aura eka taraha se rUpakAra vAdI haiM, aura ve bhI haiM jo kathya para adhika jora dete haiN| ajJeya aura muktibodha ke sambandha meM raNajIta aura razAda abdula vAjida likhate haiM ki - 'ajJeya kI kavitA muktibodha kI apekSA adhika bimbAtmaka hai| yaha bAta aura tathyoM se puSTa hotI hai ki muktibodha kathya para adhika jora dete haiM, jabaki ajJeya ke yahA~ kathana kA, vyakti kA adhika mahatva hai| eka vAkya meM muktibodha adhika viSaya vastuvAdI aura ajJeya adhika rUpakAra vAdI hai| (102) bimba prastuta aura aprastuta donoM kA hotA hai, jabaki naye kaviyoM ne aprastuta vidhAna ko prastuta kI tulanA meM adhika mahatva diyA, jisase kSubdha ho DaoN. 171

Page #168
nAmavarasiMha ne likhA ki - 'ise virodhAbhAsa hI kahanA cAhie ki jaba se kaviyoM meM bimboM kI pravRtti bar3hI, sAmAjika jIvana ke sajIva citra durlabha ho cle| suMdara cayana kI ora kaviyoM kI aisI vRtti huyI ki prastuta gauNa ho gayA aura aprastuta pradhAna/...... kavitA ko citra banAne kA natIjA kyA hai yaha bAta pichale 15 varSo ke anubhava se spaSTa ho gyii| 165) eka samaya aisA bhI AyA ki bimboM kA andhAdhundha prayoga hone ke kAraNa tathA bimba ko hI kavitA kA mUla mAnane ke kAraNa san 60 ke bAda bhArI virodha hone lgaa| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN. nAmavara siMha ne likhA- 'chaThaveM dazaka ke aMta aura sAtaveM dazaka ke AraMbha meM sAmAjika sthiti itanI viSama ho cukI thI ki usakI cunautI ke sAmane bimba-vidhAna kavitA ke lie anAvazyaka bhAra pratIta hone lge| jisa prakAra san 36 taka Ate-Ate svayaM chAyAvAdI kaviyoM ko bhI suMdara zabdoM aura 'citroM' se ladI huI kavitA nissAra lagane lagI, usI prakAra san 60 ke AsapAsa naI kavitA kI bimba dharmitA kI nirarthakatA kA ehasAsa hone lgaa| 164) sarvezvara ne to yahA~ taka likha diyA ki - bimba pratIka ko mArI golI, bolie mere sAtha khar3I pharrukhAvAdI bolii| (165) bimba ke virodha meM nAmavara siMha yaha tarka dete haiM ki sAmAnyataH jise bimba kahA jA sakatA hai, usake binA bhI kavitAe~ likhI gayI haiM, aura ve bimba dharmI kavitAoM se kisI bhI taraha kama acchI nahIM kahI jA sktii| (166) 'bimba' kA virodha kevala hamAre deza meM hI nahIM huaa| pAzcAtya jagata meM bhI ise virodha kA daMza sahanA par3A hai| virodha cAhe jitanA ho usakI upayogitA ko anadekhA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kedAranAtha agravAla ke zabdoM meM - 'kavitA meM bimba vidhAna bhI honA cAhie anyathA vaha AdamI ke mana para prabhAva nahIM DAla sakatI aura TikAU nahIM bana sktii| usakI laya aura usakA bimba-vidhAna hI kavitA ko adhika sampreSaNIya banAtA hai aura racanA ko rUcira banAe rakhatA hai| ise kahane kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki kathya kucha na ho kavitA laya aura bimba mAtra hI ho| (167) [148]

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- niSkarSataH kAvya meM bimboM ke prayoga ne bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya samIkSA ko eka navIna AkAza diyA hai| kevala kaviyoM ne hI nahIM balki AlocakoM ne bhI bimba ko eka AdhAra dene meM apanA mahatvapUrNa sahayoga diyA hai| naye kaviyoM ne to bimba vidhAna ko eka mahatvapUrNa zailI mAnate hue, jo alaMkAra kI taraha UparI na hone ke kAraNa kavitA kA jarUrI hissA mAnA hai| bimba ke sRjana meM ve kavi ke bhAvAtmaka tAdAtmaya yA usakI gaharI anubhUti ko anivArya mAnate haiN| mAtra zabdika citra kI apekSA ve bimba kA rAgapUrita honA jarUrI samajhate haiN| unake anusAra aindriyatA bimba kI pahalI zarta haiN| bimba ke prati atizaya moha aura camatkAra pravRtti kA ve virodha karate haiN| siddhAMtataH ve bimba janya durUhatA ko ucita nahIM mAnate kiMtu yugIna vivazatAoM ke kAraNa naye-naye bimboM kI yojanA Avazyaka samajhate haiM / (168) --00-- 11491

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bimba ke prakAra kAvya kI vividha vidhAoM meM "bimba' kavitA kA mahatvapUrNa upAdAna hai| kavi kI amUrta anubhUtiyoM evam dhAraNAoM kI saMpreSaNIyatA usakI bimbamayI abhivyakti para AdhArita hotI hai| bimba jitanA spaSTa hogA, usakA prabhAva bhI utanA hI gaharA hogaa| Aja ke kaviyoM ke lie bimbamayI kavitA jahA~ eka cunautI hai vahIM unakI amUrta evaM mUrta anubhUtiyoM ko prakAzita karane kA eka sazakta mAdhyama bhI hai| laiMgara ne 'bimba' ko aindriya mAdhyama dvArA AdhyAtmika tathA bhautika satyoM taka pahuMcane kA mArga batAyA hai| bimbavAda ke janaka TI.I.hulme ne to bimba ko hI kavitA kI sAra vastu mAnA hai|(169) dinakara ne bimba ko kavitA kA eka mAtra zAzvata satya(170) svIkAra karate hue isake mahatva kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ejarA pAuNDa ne to yahA~ taka likha diyA ki 'eka suMdara bimba racanA ke sAmane bar3e bar3e pothe bekAra haiN| jIvana meM eka saMdara bimba kI racanA bar3e-bar3e pothe likhane se jyAdA behatara haiM |(71) bimba ke mahatva kI svIkRti eDIsanake samaya se hI aMgrejI sAhitya meM milatI haiN| bIsavI zatAbdI ke Arambhika dazakoM meM ise adhika ubhArA gayA aura eka naye sAhityika AMdolana ke rUpa meM san 1908 ke AsapAsa bimbavAda ke nAma se TI.I.hulme aura epha.esa.phliTa ne bimba ko kavi karma kI carama upalabdhi btaayaa| isa prakAra vividha mAnyatAoM, dhAraNAoM se vyAkhyAyita hotI huyI hulme kI kavitA 'patajhar3a' se bimbavAda kA sUtrapAta huA|(172) bimboM kA vargIkaraNa pAzcAtya evama bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne apane-apane daSTikoNa se bimboM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai, jisakA ullekha nimnalikhita rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai - levisa ne bimboM ke do prakAra batAyeM haiM :- (173) 11501

Page #171
.. (1) sajIva bimba aura (2) khaNDita bimba skelTana ne apanI prasiddha pustaka 'poeTika paiTarna' meM kAvyAtmaka bimboM ke kucha isa prakAra bheda kie haiM-sarala, tAtkAlika, vikIrNa, amUrta, saMyukta mizra, saMyukta amUrta, mizra amUrta, amUrta saMyukta aura amUrta mizra-yaha vibhAjana apane meM ulajhA huA hai jisa kAraNa usake svarUpa, sImA tathA kSetra kA nirdhAraNa asambhava ho jAtA hai| (174) DaoN.zambhUnAtha caturvedI ke anusAra bimba do prakAra ke hote haiM :(ka) aindriya bimba aura (kha) mAnasa bimba (rs) Dau. kailAza bAjapeyI ne bimboM ke chaha prakAra mAnA hai : dRzya bimba, vastu bimba, bhAva bimba, alaMkRta bimba, sAndra bimba, aura vikRta bimba (176) DaoN. umAkAntagupta ne bimboM kA vargIkaraNa tIna rUpoM meM karate hue usake bheda bhI sunizcita kie haiN|() (1) dRzya bimba - (ka) sthira, (kha) gatizIla, (ga) vyApAra viSayaka (2) mAnasa bimba-(ka) bhAvAnumodita, (kha) vicAronumodita, (ga) vaijJAnika evaM yAMtrika (3) saMveda bimba-(ka) sparza saMveda, (kha) ghrANa saMveda, (ga) zravaNa saMdeva (gha) varNa saMveda, (Da) AsvAdya saMveda uparyukta sabhI vargIkaraNa apUrNa evaM adhUre haiN| bimboM kA saMsAra vistRta hai jisakI gahana par3atAla Avazyaka hai| DaoN. nagendra ne bimboM kI vizada carcA karate hue sthUla rUpa se usake prakAroM kA ullekha nimnalikhita vargoM meM kiyA hai (178) :varga 1- dRzya (cAkSuSa), zravya (zrauta), spardhya, ghrAtavya aura rasya (AsvAdya) varga 2- lakSita aura upalakSita varga 3- sarala aura saMzliSTa [1511

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varga 4- khaNDita aura samAkalita varga 5- vastu paraka aura svacchaMda yaha vibhAjana bimboM kI AdhAragata vyAkhyA karane meM upayukta evaM samIcIna hai| astu vividha bhedoM aura upabhedoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bimboM kA vargIkaraNa nimnalikhita rUpoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / (179) 1. viSaya vastu ke AdhAra para aindriyatA ke AdhAra para 3. bhAvoM ke AdhAra para 4. anubhUti ke AdhAra para 5. abhivyakti ke AdhAra para (1) viSaya vastu ke AdhAra para - viSaya vastu ke AdhAra para bimboM kA vargIkaraNa do rUpoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai :-(180) (ka) pAramparika viSayoM se sambaddha bimba / (kha) jIvana se sambandhita bimba / (ka) pAramparika viSayoM se sambandhita bimboM ko pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai :1. prakRti paraka bimba 2. Adya yA Adima bimba paurANika bimba 4. nijandharI bimba 5. aitihAsika bimba prakRti paraka bimboM ke aMtargata pRthvI, AkAza, sAgara, saritA, sarovara, vana, parvata, agni, vAyu, Rtu, dina-rAta, pazu, pakSI, jIva-jantu Adi ke

Page #173
varNana hote haiN| Adya bimboM kI abhivyakti prAyaH Adima jAtiyoM kI vidyA, purAkathA yA pariyoM kI kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se hotI hai| yuga-yuga ke aura deza-deza ke mAnava ke acetana mana meM ye Adya bimba vaMzAnukrama se - janma se hI varan janma ke pahale se hI vidyamAna rahate haiM aura aneka rahasyamayI vidhiyoM ke dvArA usake manovyApAra ko prabhAvita karate rahate haiN| (181) paurANika bimba meM purANa se sambandhita ghaTanAoM athavA kathAoM kA samAveza rahatA hai| nijandharI bimboM kA prakAzana pariyoM, jAdU-TonA kI kathAoM tathA camatkArika kapola kalpita kahAniyoM meM hotA hai| AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne 'Legendary' kI dhvani para usake samAnArthaka nijandharI zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| (182) inameM prAyaH abauddhika aura bhramamUlaka tatvoM kA samAveza adhika hotA hai| paurANika kathAoM kI taraha ina kahAniyoM kA mukhya svara upadezAtmaka na hokara vizuddha manoraMjana pradhAna hotA hai| (183) itihAsa se sambandhita bimba aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para AdhArita hote haiN| (kha) jIvana se sambandhita bimboM ke aMtargata pahalA lokajIvana evam dUsarA mAnava ke sAmAnya jIvana se sambandhita bimba Ate haiN| grAmINa pariveza, rahana-sahana tathA kRSi se sambandhita bimba lokajIvana ke aMtargata Ate haiN| mAnavajIvana para AdhArita bimboM meM utsava, tIrtha, pUjA, parivAra, kala-kArakhAne, zArIrika avayava, udyoga-dhaMdhe, vijJAna, rAjanIti, astra-zastroM, kalAoM Adi se sambandhita bimboM ko samAvezita kiyA jA sakatA hai| (184) (2) aindriyatA ke AdhAra para : kedAranAthasiMha aindriyatA ko bimba kA prathama evaM anivArya guNa mAnate hue likhate haiM ki 'aindriyatA bimba kI prathama evaM aMtima kasauTI hai| isa kasauTI ke AdhAra para vaha saba kucha, jisakA hameM kisI indriya ke kAraNa pratyakSIkaraNa hotA hai, bimba kahalA sakatA hai| (186) aindriya saMvedanAoM ke AdhAra para bimboM kA rUpAMkana nimnalikhita rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai :1. dRzya yA cAkSuSa bimba dhvani yA zravya bimba |153

Page #174
3. gaMdha yA ghrAtavya bimba rasya yA AsvAdya bimba spazarya bimba isake atirikta mana kI saMvedanAoM, bhUkha, pyAsa, vedanA, thakAna, saMtoSa Adi ke bhI apane bimba hote haiM, jinheM AMtarika saMvedanAtmaka bimba kahA jA sakatA hai | 186) pratyakSataH loka kA digdarzana netra dvArA hI hotA hai| isalie kAvya meM anya indriyoM kI banispata dRzya bimboM kI adhikatA milatI hai| yoM bhI sauMdarya mUlataH dRSTi kA viSaya hai, isalie sauMdarya varNana se utpanna bimba bhI adhikAMzataH cAkSuSa hI hote haiN| isa prakAra rUpa, raMga, AkRti, gati Adi ke citraNa dRzya bimba ke aMtargata Ate haiN| 'kucha vidvAna ukta pAMca se svataMtra chaThI aindriya 'anubhUti' mAnate haiM jo peziyoM aura snAyuoM se utpanna hotI hai ... vAstava meM gati bimba meM rUpa aura zabda ke tatva hI adhika spaSTa rahate haiM, ataH rUpa bimba tathA zabda bimba se sarvathA bhinna gati bimba kI svataMtra kalpanA adhika grAhya nahIM hai |(167) yaha bAta avazya hai ki 'sthira vastuoM kI apekSA gatizIla vastuoM kA bimbAMkana durUha hotA hai, isalie bhASAvid evaM kalA niSNAta kavi hI gatvara bimba vidhAna meM saphala hote haiN| (188) sumitrA naMdana paMta kI nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM gatvara bimba kI chaTA darzanIya hai : mRdu maMda maMda, maMthara maMthara laghu taraNi haMsinI kI sundara tira rahI khola pAloM ke pr| gaMgA meM 'naukA vihAra' kA dRzya haiN| haMsinI ke samAna suMdara vaha choTI sI naukA pAla rUpI paMkhoM ke sahAre madhu maMthara gati se taira rahI hai| naukA kI maMda maMthara gati kA citra spRhaNIya hai| zravaNendriyoM ke dvArA zravya bimba kI saSTi hotI hai| yaha bimba nAdAtmakatA athavA dhvanyAtmakatA para AdhArita hotA hai| nagendra ke anusAra-varNa, [154]

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dhvani, chAndasa, laya, tukAnta Adi ke bimba zravya haiM, anuprAsa, vRtti Adi se bhI zravya bimboM kA utpAdana hotA hai |(189) jaise : jhUma-jhUma mRdu garaja-garaja ghnghor| rAga amara! ambara meM bhara nija ror| jhara jhara, nirjhara giri sara meM, ghara, marU, tarU, marmara sAgara meM, sarita, tar3ita gati cakita pavana meM, ' mana meM, vijana gahana kAnana meM Anana Anana meM rava ghora ktthor| rAga amara! ambara meM bhara nija rora (190) ukta udAharaNa meM anuraNanAtmaka zabda vidhAna dvArA zravya bimba kI sahaja evaM prabhAvazAlI abhivyakti huI hai| gaMdha bimboM kA prayoga kAvya meM virala hai| 'vizva ke kAvya meM, DaoN. nagendra ke anusAra aise udAharaNa ekatra karanA kaThina hai jinameM saMzliSTa ghAtavya bimba prastuta kiye gaye haiN| kITsa jaise kavi ke kAvya meM bhI, jisakA' aindriya samvedana atyanta prakhara thA, isa prakAra ke udAharaNa do bAra hI milate haiM aura unakA grahaNa bhI sarvasulabha nahIM (191) bhinna-bhinna gaMdha rUpoM ke pratIka phUloM evaM caMdana Adi ke dvArA bhI gaMdha bimba banAe jAte haiN| nirAlA kI 'banabelA' kavitA meM ghrAtavya bimba kI prastuti dekhI jA sakatI hai| kholI AMkhe AturatA se, dekhA amanda, preyasI ke alaka se AtI jyoM snigdha gNdh| rasanA se saMbaMdhita saMvedanoM kI abhivyakti AsvAdya bimboM se hotI hai| dhvani, rUpa, prema Adi kI prabhAvAbhivyakti ke lie bhI AsvAdya bimboM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaise-nirAlA kI hI paMkti, 'madhu RturAta, madhura adharoM kI pI madhu, sudha budha kholI' meM prayukta 'madhura adhara' va 'madhu RturAta' meM AsvAdya bimba hai| |155

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* tvak iMdriya ke saMvedanoM se sparzya bimba prAdurbhUta hote haiN| uSNa, zIta, komala, kaThora, rUkSa, masRNa Adi sparza bimba ke rUpa haiN| jaise : sAr3I kI sikur3ana sI, jisa para zazi kI rezamI vibhA se bhara, simaTI hai vartula, mRdula lahara (192) ukta udAharaNa meM 'rezamI vimA' aura 'mRdula lahara' meM sparzya bimba hai| dRzya, zravya, ghrAtavya, AsvAdya, sparzya, aindrika bimboM ke atirikta aindrika saMvedanAoM ke AdhAra para - 1. saha saMvedanAtmaka, 2. vegobhedaka aura 3. samAnubhUtika bimboM ko bhI mAnA gayA hai| saha samvedanAtmaka bimba meM bhAvanAoM, anubhUtiyoM aura preraNAoM kA vizeSa yoga hotA hai| jaba kavitA meM dhvani, varNa, gaMdha kA eka sAtha hI bodha ho to aise bimboM ko sahasaMvedanAtmaka yA mizra bimba kahate haiN| aise bimboM ke zraSTA kavi kisI eka hI bhAva bhUmi para sthira nahIM rahate balki eka prakAra ke saMvega aura saMvedana se dUsare prakAra ke saMvega aura saMvedana taka AsAnI se pahuMcate rahate haiN| (193) ye saMvedanAe~ apane meM gahana evaM vividhatA ko ekAkAra kie rahatI hai, jaise agni ko sparza kie binA uSNa, phUla ko sUMghe binA sugaMdhita aura madhu ke cakhe binA hama svAdiSTa kaha dete haiN| isameM eka indriya ke kArya ke sAtha dUsarI indriyA~ bhI sajaga rahatI haiN| 'isa bhAvanA kI AvRtti se bane saMskAroM ke kAraNa hamAre indriyabodha meM vinimaya sA hotA rahatA hai| isI vinimaya ke yA viparyaya ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI saha-saMvedanAtmaka bimboM kA nirmANa hotA hai, ise mizra bimba bhI kahA jAtA hai| kyoMki aise bimboM meM vividha prakAra ke iMdriya bodhoM kA mizraNa hotA hai / (194) jaise : bhara gayA juhI ke gandha pvn| umar3A upavana vArida vrssnn| tor3e tor3e khila gaye phUla, chAye gaMgA ke kuul-kuul| 1561

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mahake tarUNI ke nava dukuul| gajaroM se bhara dI gayI rvn| (195) ukta udAharaNa meM 'jUhI ke gaMdha' evaM 'gajaroM se bhara dI gayI ravana' meM ghrANa, 'umar3A upavana', 'vArita varNana' meM dRzya tathA gaMgA ke 'kUla-kUla' meM zravya bimboM kI yojanA kI gayI hai| vegobhedaka bimba prAyaH gati aura dhvani ke virUpa sammizraNa se utpanna hote haiN| kumAra vimala ke zabdoM meM 'vegobhedaka, bimboM kI sRSTi adhikatara gati aura dhvani ke virUpa mizraNa se huA karatI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki jisa kavi ke pAsa sammUrtana pradhAna kalpanA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai, usakI kRtiyoM meM cAkSuSa vegobhedaka bimboM kI adhikatA milatI hai| utkRSTa koTi ke vegobhedaka bimboM meM 'vega' aura 'ubheda', gati aura visphoTa ye saba eka sAtha rahate haiM |(196) jaise : ahe vAsuki sahastra phana lakSa alakSita caraNa tumhAre cinha niraMtara, chor3a rahe haiM jaga ke vikSata vakSaHsthala pr| zat-zat phenocchavasita, sphIta phUtkAra bhayaMkara, ghumA rahe haiM ghanAkAra jagatI kA aMbara (197) samAnubhUtika bimba meM kavi apanI bhAvanA, svabhAva, manodazA, evaM vyaktitva kA Aropa bahirjagata yA dRzya jagata para karatA hai| 'samAnubhUtika bimboM meM kavi eka ora apane varNya-viSaya ko indriya grAhya banAtA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora apanI pUrI saMvedanA ko bhI vyakta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai| yaha kahA gayA hai ki samAnubhUtika bimba adhikAMza meM cAkSuSa hI huA karate haiM / (198) isameM racanAkAra anubhUti ke stara para varNyavastu se abhinna ho jAtA hai| jaba jar3a prakRti para cetanA kA Aropa karake kavi use cetana prANI ke rUpa meM varNita karatA hai, to samAnubhUtika bimba kI sRSTi hotI hai / (199) jaise : hai amAnizA, ugalatA gagana ghana aMdhakAra, 157]

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kho rahA dizA kA jJAna, stabdha hai pavana cAra, apratihata garaja rahA pIche ambudhi vizAla, bhUdhara jyoM dhyAna magna, kevala jalatI mazAla |(206) ukta udAharaNa meM ugalanA, khonA, stabdha honA, garajanA, dhyAnamagna honA Adi cetana kriyAoM kA acetana vastuoM para aisA Aropa kiyA gayA hai ki usase varNita jar3a sRSTi cetana ho uThI hai| 'isa taraha mAnavIkaraNa se lekara' 'paithaTika phailesI' taka kA kSetra samAnubhUtika bimboM ke aMtargata par3atA hai| (201) (3) bhAvoM ke AdhAra para - __ bhAva bimba kA anivArya tatva hai| "kAvya bimba svabhAvataH sAmAnya bimba kI apekSA adhika raMgamaya aura samRddha hotA hai aura use yaha raMga yA samRddhi bhAva se hI prApta hotI hai| (202) AcArya bharata ke anusAra - 'AtmAbhinayanaMbhAvo' arthAt AtmA kA abhinaya bhAva hai| bhAva hI Atma caitanya meM vizrAnti pA jAne para rasa hote haiM / (203) bhAva hI vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArI bhAva se puSTa hokara kAvya ko rasamaya banAte haiM | (204) rati, hAsa, utsAha, vismaya, bhaya, zoka, jugupsA, krodha, nirveda, vAtsalya ke alAvA, bhakti evaM vicAraNA sambandhita tathA smRti, garva, utsukatA, vibodha, moha, svapna Adi saMcArI bhAvoM se sambaddha bimba bhI kAvya meM pracura mAtrA meM milate haiN| (4) anUbhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para - anubhUtiyoM ke anukrama meM sarala, virala, jaTila tathA saMzliSTa anubhUti ke dvArA kramazaH sarala, vikIrNa, jaTila aura saMzliSTa yA mizra bimba nirmita hote haiM |(205) sarala anubhUti se prerita bimba sarala hotA hai, jaise : divasAvasAna kA samaya meghamaya AsamAna se utara rahI hai vaha sandhyA suMdarI parI-sI dhIre-dhIre-dhIre / (206) | 158

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'parI' ke rUpa meM 'sandhyAsundarI' kI eka sthiti, eka rekhA, eka raMga tathA eka dRzya kI abhivyakti sarala athavA ekala bimba ke rUpa meM huyI hai| saMzliSTa (mizra) anubhUti kA bimba saMzliSTa yA mizra hotA hai| isameM aneka bimba paraspara sambaddha rahate haiN| jaise paMta kI 'ekatArA' kavitA : nIrava saMdhyA meM prazAnta DUbA hai sArA grAma prAnta patroM ke Anana adharoM para so gayA nikhila vana kA 'mrmr'| jyoM vINA kA tAroM meM svara / (207) ukta udAharaNa kI prathama do paMktiyoM meM cAkSuSa evaM aMtima do paMktiyoM meM dhvani bimba hai| paMta jI kI hI eka anya kavitA 'almor3A kA basaMta' meM 'zItala harItimA kI jvAlA meM sparzya (zItala aura jvAlA) aura dRzya (haritimA aura jvAlA) bimboM ke mizraNa ko dekhA jAsakatA hai| 'kavitA meM na kevala bimba mizrita ho jAte haiM, balki eka prakAra ke bimba dUsare prakAra ke bimba meM rUpAntarita bhI ho jAte haiM | (208) paMta jI ne hI likhA hai : "dara una khetoM ke usa pAra, jahA~ taka gayI nIla jhaMkAra' isa paMkti meM kSitija kI nIlimA kA dRzya bimba 'jhaMkAra' ke zravya bimba meM parivartita ho gayA hai| (5) abhivyakti ke AdhAra para - abhivyakti ke AdhAra para bimboM kA vargIkaraNa do rUpoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. lakSita bimba aura 2. upalakSita bimba / kavitA meM lakSita bimba kA AdhAra varNya viSaya yA prastuta hotA hai aura upalakSita bimba kA AdhAra aprastuta hotA hai| lakSita bimba vidhAna meM kevala pratyakSa vastu kA citrAMkana kiyA jAtA hai, isalie lakSita bimba prAyaH ikahare aura citrAtmaka hote haiN| upalakSita bimba sAdRzya mUlaka evaM vaiSamya mUlaka alaMkAroM se saMbaMdhita tathA kavi ke 'avacetana' meM sthita hone ke kAraNa duhare AEA

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rUpa meM bimbAMkita hote haiN| "kucha Alocaka lakSita bimba ko hI zuddha bimba mAnate haiM, dUsarI koTi ke bimba ko (upalakSita) ve sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM ke aMtargata rakhate haiN| unake anusAra tIvra saMvedanazIlatA bimba kI pahalI zarta haiN| jo dUsarI koTi ke bimboM meM nahIM hotii| (209) jaise : dRr3ha jaTA mukuTa ho viparyasta, prati laTa se khula, phailA pRSTha para bAhuoM para, vRkSa para vipul| utarA jyoM durgama parvata para, naizAMdhakAra, camakatI dUra tArAe~ hoM, jyoM kahIM paar| -- rAma kI zakti pUjA, niraalaa| yahA~ pahalI do paMktiyoM meM 'rAma ke pRSTha para', 'bAhuoM para' tathA 'vakSa para' phailA 'jaTAjUTa' pratyakSataH prastuta hai jisase lakSita bimba tathA aMtima do paMktiyoM meM 'rAma' ke rUpa meM 'durgama parvata' evaM 'kAlIjaTA' ke rUpa meM 'naizAMdhakAra' kA citraNa aprastuta ke rUpa meM hone se upalakSita bimba kI yojanA huI hai| 'prabaMdha kAvya meM ghaTanA, prakaraNa, kathAnaka ke apane-apane bimba hote haiN| DaoN. nagendra ne spaSTataH saMketa karate hue likhA hai ki 'ghaTanA bimboM ke samanvaya se prakaraNa bimboM kA nirmANa hotA hai, .... isI prakAra saMpUrNa kathAnaka bhI eka vRhad bimba hai, jisakA nirmANa aneka prakaraNa bimboM se milakara hotA hai, yahI prabaMdha bimba hai| (210) bimboM kA saMsAra parimita nahIM hai, alaMkAra, zabda zaktiyA~, lokoktiyA~, sUktiyA~, muhAvare, pratIka, mAnavIkaraNa, paurANika kathAe~ Adi abhivyakti ke sazakta mAdhyama haiM, jo bimboM kI nirmANa prakriyA meM apanI prabhAvazAlI bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| uparyukta bimboM ke alAvA 'manovijJAna' meM parokSa anubhava se sambaddha anubimba, pratyakSa bimba, smRti bimba, kalpanA bimba, svapna bimba, tandrA bimba tathA mithyA pratyakSa 'bimba' (211) kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| --00-- [160

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saMdarbha sUcI 1. 2. di eDavAnsDa larnarsa DiksanarI Ava kareNTa iMgaliza sekeMDa eDIzana 1963, pRSTha-490. aMgrejI-hindI koza-phaoNdara kamila bulke, prathama saMskaraNa 1968, pRSTha-309. A picture or representation (not Necersarily Visual) in the Imagination or memory - Chamber's Twenteeth Century Dictionary-Latest Impression 1960, Page-527. hindI rASTrabhASA koza-saMkalanakartA-vizvezvara nArAyaNa zrIvAstava, iMDiyana presa, ilAhAbAda, peja-1065. da poeTika imeja pRSTha-19. 5. ina sAiklopIDiyA oNpha briTenikA, 12, 103 7. kAvya bimba, pRSTha-2. 8. AlocanA-kavitA kI mukti, DaoN. navala kizora, 'navala' ke lekha se uddhRta zeksapIyara imejanarI eNDa havATa iTa Telsa asa. pRSTha-9 10. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba-vidhAna kA vikAsa kedAranAtha siMha, pRSTha-15. mahAdevI ke kAvya meM bimba vidhAna, pRSTha-15. naI kavitA aura nareza mehatA - vimalA siMha, pRSTha-35. 13. da imejarI oNpha kITsa eNDa zelI- 'ricarDa harTara phAgale', pRSTha-03. 14. dharmavIra bhAratI, anubhava aura abhivyakti-bimba vidhAna, harizcandra varmA, pRSTha-135. DaoN.nagendra-kAvya bimba, pRSTha-6. 16. rAmacandra zukla-ciMtAmaNI (bhAga-1) 1970, pRSTha-196. kAvya bimba - DaoN. nagendra 44. 18. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna - kedAranAtha siMha pR. 13 19. sAhitya darpaNa - pR. 10/50 kAvya-darpaNa - rAmadahina mizra pR. 380 20. 161

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21. kAvya bimba - DaoN. nagendra pR. 44 kAvya bimba - DaoN. nagendra 40. sAhitya darpaNa - 10/51 24. kAvya darpaNa - rAmadahina mizra pR. 381 25. zodha aura siddhAMta - 'bhAratIya kAvya zAstra meM bimba viSayaka saMketa' DaoN. nagendra pR. 121 26. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna - DaoN. kedAranAtha siMha pR. 36 27. vahI pR. 41 zodha aura siddhAMta - bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM bimba viSayaka saMketa-DaoN. nagendra pR. 122 29. vahI, pR. 123 se uddhRt 30. uttara rAmacarita, bhavabhUti 4/25 31. vizvambharA patrikA, aMka 3 san 1970 pR. 33-52 para prakAzita 32. da poeTika imeja, sI.De. levisa pR. 17 33. kavitA ke nae pratimAna nAmavara siMha, pR. 138 Adhanika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna-kedAranAtha siMha pR. 32-33 34. zodha siddhAMta-bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya kAvya siddhAMta, DaoN. nagendra pR. 200 36. kAlidAsa kI bimbayojanA, amaleza guptA pR. 53 37. kAvya bimba - DaoN. nagendra pR. 13-14 38. amaleza guptA - kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA pR. 54 se uddhRta 39. DaoN. nagendra, bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI bhUmikA pR. 245 40. kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA, amaleza guptA pR. 58 41. vahI pR. 58 42. dhvanyAloka pR. 1.13 kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA-saMskRta kAvyazAstra evaM bimba vidhAna amaleza guptA pR.-59 zodha aura siddhAMta-bhAratIya kAvya zAstra meM bimba viSayaka saMketa - DaoN. nagendra pR. 123 |1621 43.

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45... zodha aura siddhAMta - DaoN. nagendra pR. 124 46. kAvya prakAza - AcArya vizvezvara pR. 29-30 47. kAvya bimba - DaoN. nagendra pR. 43 abhinava bhAratI - abhinava gupta pR. 279 . 49. DaoN. nagendra : sAdhanA ke AyAma saM. kumAra vimala pR. 123 50. tAra saptaka saM. ajJeya - pR. 262. kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA se uddhRta ciMtAmaNI bhAga 1, rAmacaMdra zukla pR. 148 kAvyAtmaka bimba-akhaurI brajanandana prasAda pR. 215 ___ bhAratIya kAvya zAstra meM bimba viSayaka saMketa-zodha siddhAMta - DaoN. nagendra pR. 125 55. bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra - zAMti svarUpa gupta pR. 146 se uddhRta vakrokti jIvita carcA - kSemendra, 18 (vRtti) DaoN. nagendra, pAzcAtya samIkSA kI rUparekhA - pR. 28 se 66 58. poeTiksa | x 6, 59. erisToTala, phijiksa, II 188. 60. L. Abererombe - Principal of Literary criticism, pR.-81 61. aMgrejI kI svacchaMda kavitA, pramoda varmA, pR.-78 bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra - zAMti svarUpa gupta pR. 217 63. vahI, pR. 278 64. vahI, pR. 278 apAre kAvya saMsAre kavi rekaH prjaaptiH| yathA smai rocate vizvaM tathedaM parivarttate / / dhvanyAloka, pR.-498. 66. dhvanyAloka, pRSTha-542. ciMtAmaNi bhAga-1, pRSTha-204. chAyAvAdI kAvya, pRSTha-364. RSabhAyaNa - 254. 1631

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70. DaoN.bhagIratha mizra, nayA kAvya zAstra, pRSTha-108 71. ciMtAmaNi bhAga-1, pRSTha-198. 72. anukRti, jatana lAla rAmapuriyA, pRSTha-7 se uddhRta chAyAvAdI kAvya, lekhaka DaoN. kRSNacaMdra varmA, pRSTha-366 74. aMgrejI kI svacchanda kavitA, lekhaka pramoda varmA, pRSTha-76. zeksapIarsa imejarI eNDa vhATa iTa Telsa asa, keMbrija, prathama saMskaraNa 1939, pRSTha-14. kAvyAlaMkAra sUtra kAvya prakAza, prathama sUtra-1 sAhitya darpaNa 1/3. rasa gaMgAdhara : kAvyamAlA, pRSTha-4. 80. ciMtAmaNI bhAga 1 iMDiyana presa prayAga 1970, pRSTha-113. 81. jayazaMkara prasAda-kAvya aura kalA, prathama saMskaraNa, pRSTha-17-18. Poetry is the spontaneous over flow of powerful feeling attakes its origin from emotion recallected in tranguitity. 83. DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI-sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana, pRSTha-22-23. Poetic image. 85. amaleza guptA-kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA, pRSTha-1. 86. memo malika-rIti itara kAla meM bimba vidhAna, pRSTha-3. 87. DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI-sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha 23-24. R.H. Fogle in imagery of Keats and Shelley, Emotion is the beginning and the end of the poetry in a sense unknown to prose. Page-17. 89. DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI-sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pRSTha-24. RAI BAU

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90. sena guptA, S.C. pRSTha-37. 91. kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA-amaleza guptA, pRSTha-18. __kAvya mImAMsA adhyAya-4, pRSTha-15, prakAzaka orieNTa insTITyUTa bar3audA, 1934. bAyogrAphiyA liTareriyA, peja-154. DaoN. kRSNadeva jhArI-bhAratIya kAvya zAstra ke siddhAnta, prathama saMskaraNa, pRSTha-251. ___ kAvyAMga kaumudI, pRSTha-31. 96. vAsavadattA, pRSTha-343. kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA, amaleza guptA, pRSTha-23. 98. poeTika imeja, pRSTha-7. 99. vahI, pRSTha-39. 100. kAlIdAsa kI bimba yojanA, pRSTha-23. 101. gaNapati caMdra gupta, bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvya sUtra, pRSTha-143. 102. pallava kI bhUmikA, sumitrA naMdana paMta, pRSTha-17. 103. nATya zAstra, kAvya mAlA, pRSTha-93. 104. vahI, pRSTha-93. 105. dazarUpaka, dekheM bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra, DaoN. kRSNadeva zarmA, pRSTha-171-172. 106. kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA, amaleza guptA, pRSTha-62. 107. zodha aura siddhAMta, DaoN. nagendra, pRSTha-144. 108. zodha aura siddhAMta, DaoN. nagendra, pRSTha-144. 109. tulasI prajJA , dekheM azruvINA meM bimba yojanA, DaoN.harizaMkara pAMDeya, pRSTha-42. 110. dekheM-sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana, DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI, pRSTha-174. 111. rasa mImAMsA, pRSTha-119. 112. rAmacarita mAnasa, pRSTha-224.

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113. rAmacarita mAnasa, pRSTha-223. 114. meka iTa nyU, pRSTha-36. 115. saMskRta poeTiksa, pRSTha-94. 116. dekheM, nayI kavitA kA anuzIlana-DaoN.lalitA aror3A, pRSTha-206. 117. dekheM, nayI kavitA kA anuzIlana-DaoN.lalitA aror3A, pRSTha-206. 118. rAmacarita mAnasa bAlakANDa, gItA presa gorakhapura, pRSTha-251. 119. dekhe, kAvyAMga kaumudI (tRtIya kalA)-vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, pRSTha-50. 120. tulasI-prajJA apraila jUna-1992, dekheM azruvINA meM bimba yojanA, DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya 121. kAvya zobhA karAn dharmAn alaMkArAn pracakSate yA alaMkarotIti alNkaarH| 122. kAvya mImAMsA, adhyAya-2, pRSTha-3. 123. nanda dulAre bAjapeyI Adhunika sAhitya, pRSTha-354. 124. DaoN. bhagIratha mizra-hindI kAvya zAstra kA itihAsa, pRSTha-220. 125. DaoN. mAdhurI nAtha-mIrA kAvya kA gItikAvyAtmaka vivecana, pRSTha-165. 126. kRSNa deva zarmA bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra, pRSTha-38. 127. nayI kavitA svarUpa aura samasyAe~, pRSTha-75. 128. spekyU lesansa, pRSTha-281. 129. upamA kAlidAsasya, pRSTha 5-6. 130. amaleza guptA kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA, pRSTha-45. 131. tIsarA saptaka-sampAdakIya, ajJeya, pRSTha-125. 132. chAyAvAdI kAvya saMdarbha vaividhya-saM. zItalA prasAda dube, pRSTha-15. 133. vahI, pRSTha-15 se uddhRt| 134. hindI kavitA : tIna dazaka pRSTha-123. 135. nayI kavitA kI bhASA - DaoN. ravinAtha siMha, pRSTha-72. 136. naye kaviyoM ke kAvya zilpa siddhAMta divika rameza, pRSTha-286. 137. poyaTika imeja, pRSTha-40. 166

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138. ajJeya, Atmanepada, pRSTha-45. 139. ajJeya kAvya : sauMdarya cetanA ke bahiraMga AyAma, pRSTha-243. 140. vahI, pRSTha-241. 141. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba, vidhAna, kedAranAtha siMha, pRSTha-28, 31. 142. bhASA aura saMvedanA-rAmasvarUpa cturvedii| philAsaphI ina e nyU kI - eka.ke.laiMgara, pRSTha-32. 144. ciMtAmaNI, bhAga-2, pRSTha-25. 145. sAyaklAjI TAImsa, pRSTha-291. 146. ajJeya kAvya kA zAstrI adhyayana, DaoN. phulavaMta kaura, pRSTha-239 147. sAhitya samIkSA ke pAzcAtya mAnadaMDa, DaoN. rAjendra varmA, pR.-121 148. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna, kedAranAtha siMha pR.-15. 149. zilpa aura darzana, paMta. pR.-14 150. ciMtAmaNi bhAga-1, pR.-15 151. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna pR. 13 152. tIsarA tAra saptaka, saM. ajJeya, pR. 116 153. nadI kI bA~ka para chAyA, ajJeya, pR. 49 154. cA~da kA mu~ha Ter3hA hai - muktibodha pR. 27 155. naye kaviyoM ke mAnya zilpa siddhAMta, divika rameza, pR. 309 156. vicAra bodha-kedAranAtha agravAla, pR. 235 157. AdhunikatA kavitA meM bimba vidhAna, kedAranAtha siMha, pR. 89 158. samaya-samaya para kedAranAtha agravAla, pR. 191 159. kaviyoM ke kavi zamazera - raMjanA aragar3e, pR. 166 160. jaMgala kA darda, pR. 42 sarvezvara dayAla saksenA 161. vicAra bodha - kedAranAtha agravAla pR. 235 162. AlocanA julAI se sitambara 1968 pR. 74 163. jJAnodaya, sitambara 1963 pR. 13 164. kavitA ke naye pratimAna - DaoN. nAmavara siMha, pa. 133 [167]

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165. kavitAe~ - 2 pR. 117 166. kavitA ke naye pratimAna - DaoN. nAmavara siMha pR. 139 167. vicAra bodha - kedAranAtha agravAla pR. 234 - 235 168. naye kaviyoM ke kAvya zilpa siddhAMta-divika rameza pR. 314 169. DaoN. rAjendra varmA-sAhitya samIkSA ke pAzcAtya mAnadaMDa, prathama saMskaraNa, pRSTha-124. 170. cakrakAla (bhUmikA) pRSTha-72. 171. liTarerI eseja oNpha ejarA pAuNDa, pRSTha-23. 172. DaoN.kRSNadeva zarmA-pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra, saptama saMskaraNa 1979, pRSTha-178. 173. poeTika imeja, pRSTha-90. 174. zodha aura siddhAMta, DaoN. nagendra, pRSTha-119. 175. nayA hindI kAvya aura vivecana, pRSTha-334. 176. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM zilpa, pRSTha-81. 177. naI kavitA ke prabandha kAvya-zilpa aura jIvana darzana, pRSTha-215. 178. zodha aura siddhAMta-kAvya bimba : svarUpa aura prakAra, pRSTha-119. 179. DaoN. sudhA saksenA, jAyasI kI bimba yojanA, pRSTha-115. 180. kedAranAtha siMha Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna kA vikAsa, pRSTha-223. 181. DaoN.nagendra-zodha aura siddhAMta-manovijJAna meM bimba kA svarUpa, pRSTha-134. 182. DaoN.kedAranAtha siMha-Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna kA vikAsa, pRSTha-223. 183. vahI, pRSTha-232. 184. DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI, sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana, pRSTha-50. DaoN.kedAranAtha siMha-Adhanika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna, pRSTha-21. 186. DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI-sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana, pRSTha-50. 185. DA.kadA 11681

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187. DaoN.nagendra, zodha aura siddhAnta, pRSTha-130. 191. 188. DaoN.Aditya prasAda tivArI, sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana, pRSTha-50. 189. DaoN. nagendra, kAvya-bimba, pRSTha-09. 190. nirAlA, parimala, pRSTha-175. DaoN. kRSNadeva zarmA, pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra, pRSTha-184. 192. sumitrAnandana paMta, naukA vihAra 193. DaoN. kRSNacaMdra varmA, chAyAvAdI kAvya, pRSTha-380. 194. DaoN. kRSNacaMdra varmA-chAyAvAdI kAvya, pRSTha-380-81. 195. nirAlA - gIta kuMja DaoN.kumAra vimala-chAyAvAda kA sauMdarya zAstrIya adhyayana, pRSTha-211. 197. paMta-parivartana. 198. DaoN.kRSNacaMdra varmA-chAyAvAdI kAvya, pRSTha-370. 199. DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI, sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana, pRSTha-52. 200. nirAlA - rAma kI zaktipUjA 201. DaoN.kumAra vimala-sauMdaryazAstra ke tatva, pRSTha-225. ana 202. DaoN. nagendra - zodha aura siddhAMta - kAvya bimba svarUpa aura prakAra, pRSTha-109. 203. jayazaMkara prasAda-kAvya aura kalA, pRSTha-59. 204. 'vibhAvAnabhAva vyabhicArI saMyogAdrasa niSpatti-bharata kA nATya zAstra, SaSTha adhyAya', pRSTha-274. 205. DaoN. nagendra-kAvya bimba, pRSTha-10-11. 206. nirAlA, aparA, pRSTha-22. 207. sumitrAnaMdana paMta, eka tArA / 208. naMdakizora navala - kavitA kI mukti| 1169

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209. DaoN. kedAranAtha siMha-Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba vidhAna kA vikAsa, pRSTha-106. 210. DaoN. nagendra - kAvya bimba, pRSTha-13-14. 211. DaoN. nagendra zodha aura siddhAnta-manovijJAna meM bimba kA svarUpa, pRSTha-131. -00 | 1701

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tRtIya adhyAya RSabhAyaNa meM aindrika bimba aindrika bimba kA svarUpa evaM prakAra iMdriyoM kA kAryakSetra vyApaka hai| mUla rUpa se indriyoM kA vibhAjana do rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai, jJAnendriya aura krmendriy| kisI bhI vastu kI sthiti kA anubhava jJAnendriyoM ke dvArA hI sambhava ho pAtA hai| vastutaH aindriyatA kA Azaya una pratyakSa anubhUtiyoM se hai, jo kisI na kisI saMvedanA ke AdhAra para grAhya hotI haiN| vibhinna jJAnendriyA~ cakSu, karNa, nAsikA, rasanA, tvacA kA viSaya kramazaH dRzya, nAda, gaMdha, AsvAdya evaM sparzya hai, jisake AdhAra para bimboM kA nirmANa hotA hai| kavi kI jitanI bhI saMvedanAtmaka avasthAe~ hotI hai, ve iMdriyoM ke dvArA hI abhivyakta hotI haiN| isIlie aindriyatA ko bimba kA anivArya tatva mAnA gayA hai| kavi meM saMvedanAtmakatA jitanI gaharI evam vaividhyapUrNa hogI usakA bimbAkaMna bhI utanA hI spaSTa evaM sahaja hogaa| RSabhAyaNa meM saMvedanAoM ke AdhAra para aindrika bimboM kA vibhAjana nimnalikhita rUpoM meM kiyA gayA hai : (1) cAkSuSa bimba zrota bimba ghrANa bimba rasa bimba sparza bimba (tvag) ekala aindrika bimba saMzliSTa aindrika bimba gatika aindrika bimba (7) . sthita aindrika bimba 11711

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(1) cAkSuSa bimba : kAvyAtmaka bimboM meM cAkSuSa bimboM kI saMkhyA sabase adhika rahatI hai kyoMki cakSu indriya ke jJAna kA mukhya sAdhana hai| anya saMvedanAoM se saMbaMdhita vastuoM meM bhI kucha na kucha dRzyatA kA guNa vidyamAna rahatA hai| isalie kAvya meM dRzya bimboM kI pracuratA svAbhAvika hai| 'RSabhAyaNa' meM cAkSuSa bimboM kI prabalatA evaM bahulatA hai| manuSya aura vastuoM ke saMbaMdha meM kavi kA jJAna kSetra jitanA vistRta hai utane hI vividha unake dRzya bimba haiN| kavi sRSTi kI aneka vastuoM, vyApAroM, ghaTanAoM, sthaloM se prabhAvita huA hai| jisase unakA bimbAMkana itane zreSTha rUpa meM huA hai jisakI anubhUti pAThaka ko sAkAra rUpa meM hotI hai| dRzya bimba ke antargata rUpa, raMga, AkRti, gati Adi ke AdhAra para 'bimboM kA dRzyAMkana' kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne naTa jala, kinArA, latA, nakSatra, aMdhakAra, prakAza, bIja, sUrya, mAlA, bAdala, dupaharI, kalI, sAgara, gagarI, dIpa, vaiDUrya, tilaka, vidyuta, mukura, cA~da-cA~danI, cakora, kamala, vRkSa, dhArA, paryaka, kuharA, patthara, nadI, aMtarikSa, pRthvI, pAtAla, varSA, gaja, himagiri Adi kA saphala evaM manohArI bimba prastuta kiyA hai| sUkSma se sUkSma bhAvoM kI abhivyakti aise sahaja evam bodhamaya bimboM se kI gayI hai jahA~ gaMbhIra artho kA udghATana bahuta hI sahajatA se hotA jAtA hai| isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM ghaTanA, paristhiti, vAtAvaraNa tathA sthitiyoM ke dvArA bhAvoM kA aisA sajIva citraNa huA hai ki pAThaka ke netroM ke samakSa saMpUrNa dRzya jhUlane lagatA hai| jIva kI saMracanA adbhuta hai| kSiti, jala, pAvaka, gagana aura samIra ina pA~ca tatvoM ke dvArA prANI kA nirmANa hotA hai, yaha prakRti kI satat prakriyA hai| jIva kA zarIra isase hI Abaddha hai| vividha pudagaloM se nirmita jIva kI sattA zarIra para hI kendrita hai, yAnI 'jIva' kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai shriir| zarIra vyakta hai aura jIva (prANa) avykt| zarIra kI sampUrNa jIvantatA kA kAraNa hai 'praann'| prANa, AtmA, caitanyamaya hai jo zarIra ke spaMdana kA kAraNa hai| sAmAnya artha meM 'jIva' zabda kA prayoga prANI athavA jIvadhAriyoM ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM spandana prANa sattA ke kAraNa hI ho pAtA hai| bhAva ke isa sUkSma rUpa kA dRzyAMkana 'tIra' se Abaddha 'nIra' se kiyA gayA hai| 'tIra' meM manoramatA taba rahatI hai, jaba usakA samparka barAbara [1721

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'nIra' se banA rahatA hai| isa prakAra 'tIra' se 'nIra' kI pratibaddhatA ke bimba se zarIra . aura AtmA kI ekasUtratA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai, jise nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : pRthvI, salila, kRzAnu, samIraNa, tarUgaNa, saba haiM jIva zarIra, . pudgala veSTita jIva sakala haiM, baddha tIra se jaise niir| R.pR.-5. loka aura saSTi meM 'cetana' aura 'acetana' ye do gatividhiyA~ sakriya haiN| cetana, bhoktA hai, jIvana kA kAraNa hai, 'acetana bhogya hai jisa para jIvana TikA huA hai| eka prakAra se saMpUrNa sRSTi bhoktA aura bhogya kA sammizraNa hai| sRSTi meM vyApta cetana aura acetana ke isa sUkSma evaM sthUla rUpa ko vividha kheloM ke mAdhyama se apanI kalA-kauzala kA romAMcaka pradarzana karane vAle 'naTa' ke 'bimba' se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 'cetana' aura 'acetana' kI vaividhyatA jaTila hai 'naTa' kA kautuka bhI jaTila hai, kintu bodhamayatA kI dRSTi se sahaja hai| saMpUrNa prakRti dazA ke udghATana ke lie kalAvyApAra meM nipuNa 'naTa' kA bimba sArthaka aura prazaMsanIya hai :-- R.pR.-04 cetana aura acetana do haiM - mUla tatva ye nityAnitya + + + raMgabhUmi meM ye donoM naTa, khela rahe haiM nAnA khel| inake paryAyoM se hI hai, harI bharI jIvana kI bel| R.pR.-05. yahA~ gaura karane kI yaha bhI bAta hai ki jaba taka 'naTa' apanA kautuka dikhalAtA rahatA hai, taba taka darzaka kI dRSTi usase ba~dhI hotI hai, alaga nahIM ho paatii| saMsAra meM bhI loga isa sRSTi kI lokamAyA meM baMdhe rahate haiM, usase ubara nahIM paate| isa prakAra saMsAra meM jIvana kA vikAsa hotA rahatA hai, jIvana ke isa vikAsa |173

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..' ko 'harI bharI bela' ke bimba se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| yugaloM kA prArambhika jIvana zikSA dIkSA se achUtA hai, paThana, pAThana, bhASA, zabdAkoSa kA raMcamAtra bhI vikAsa nahIM huA hai| ina saba ke vikAsa kI sambhAvanAe~ haiM kintu kuzala mArgadarzana kA abhAva hai| jisa prakAra divasa meM nakSatroM kI sthiti AsamAna meM hotI hai kiMtu ve dikhAI nahIM dete, usI prakAra se bhASA vikAsa kI saMbhAvanAe~ hote hue bhI usake astitva kA prakAzana nahIM ho pA rahA hai| paThana, pAThana va bhASA ke isa avikAsa kI sthiti ko divasa meM tirohita 'nakSatra' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai : paThana-pAThana kAvya bhASA, zabdakoza vitrknnaa| saba tirohita haiM, divasa meM, jyoM nakhata kI arpnnaa| R. pR.-10. dRzya bimboM ke udghATana meM kavi ne 'cIraharaNa' bimba kA sArthaka upayoga kiyA hai| kalpavRkSa jaba yugaloM kI AvazyakatA pUrNa karane meM kArpaNya karane lage, taba unameM saMgraha kI pravRtti kA janma hone lagA jisase samAja meM kalaha bar3hane lgaa| yahA~ kalaharUpI 'timira' ke vinAza evaM vikAsa rUpI prakAza kI sthApanA ke saMbaMdha meM 'cIraharaNa' bimba kA prayoga sArthaka hai| aMdhakAra kA zamana dhIre-dhIre hotA hai, eka bAragI nhiiN| cIraharaNa kI eka-eka kriyA aMdhakAra ko nirvastra kara prakAza kA saMketa detI hai| (1) (RSabhAyaNa pR. 20) 'dinakara' upamAna kA bimba vividha rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sUrya niSpakSa rUpa se saMpUrNa sRSTi ko Alokita karatA hai, usameM kahIM bhI kisI kSetra ko adhika athavA kisI kSetra ko kama prakAzita karane kA bhAva nahIM hotaa| samAja vyavasthA ko sucArU rUpa se saMcAlita 'niSpakSa' kulakara hI kara sakatA hai| yahA~ niSpakSa rUpa se kulakara ke kArya saMpAdana ko 'dinakara' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai : ho pakSapAta ajJAta dharma kulakara kA, kevala prakAza kA prasara kAma dinakara kaa| R.pR.-21. sAmAnyataH kaviyoM dvArA 'ajJAna' ke lie 'tamasa' zabda kA prayoga hotA [174]

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rahA hai| samAja meM prAcIna kAla se hI zikSA ke kSetra meM nAriyA~ pichar3I rahI haiN| isa kSetra meM purUSa samAja dvArA unakA zoSaNa hotA rahA hai jisa kAraNa nAriyA~ eka lambI avadhi taka ajJAna ke aMdhakAra meM bhaTakatI rhii| dIrghAvadhi taka nAriyoM kI ajJAna dazA ko 'tamasa' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai :-- pazu-pakSI zikSita ho sakate, phira nArI kI kauna kathA ? dIrghakAla ajJAna tamasa kI, jhelI usane mauna vythaa| R.pR.-67. zikSA-dIkSA ke samucita vikAsa hetu RSabhadeva ne bAhubalI ko mAnava, pazu tathA maNi ke pahacAna kI vidhivat zikSA dI jisase isa vidyA kA pracura mAtrA meM vikAsa huaa| isa prakAra nimna udAharaNa meM vidyA vaibhava ko 'dIvaTa' evaM jJAna ko 'jyoti dIpa' ke dRzya bimba se citrita kiyA gayA hai :-- 'bAhubalI ko mAnava-maNi-pazu,-lakSaNa kA saMjJAna diyaa| vidyA vaibhava ke dIvaTa para, jyotidIpa saMdhAna kiyaa| R.pR.-67. naisargika jIvana kI samApti ke bAda yugaloM meM kalaha, damana, atikramaNa vRtti dhIre-dhIre bar3hane lgii| pUrva meM saMbaMdhoM se dUra yugala adhikAra bhAva se prerita ho aba eka sUtratA meM baMdhane lage jise 'mAlA ke manakA' ke bimba se tathA yugaloM ke prAkRtika jIvana se kulakara vyavasthA meM parivartita jIvana ko nirabhra AkAza meM chAe hae 'bAdala' ke bimba se citrita kiyA gayA hai : naisargikatA kI iti, atha huA damana kaa| hara yugala banA hai aba mAlA kA mnkaa| nava yuga kA nava jIvana Akasmika aayaa| jaise nirabhra aMbara meM bAdala chaayaa| R.pR.-22 AkAzIya bimboM meM tArA, bijalI, sUrya evaM bAdala kA bimbAtmaka citraNa mahAkAvya meM pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| ayodhyA ke purimatAla ke zakaTAnana udyAna meM RSabha devatAoM evaM vizAla janasamUha ko sambodhita karane ke lie upasthita hue haiN| zrotAoM evaM darzanArthiyoM kI asaMkhya bhIr3a hai, jise AkAza meM vyApta asaMkhya 'tAroM' | 1751

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.. ke dRzya bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai :-- purimatAla ke zakaTAnana meM, prabhuvara RSabha padhAre haiN| ekatrita haiM anagina sura-nara, nabha meM jitane tAre haiN| R.pR.-150. janadhAraNA ke AdhAra para bhI 'tArA' evaM sUrya kA bimba niyojita kiyA gayA hai| bAhubalI ko saMdeza dene ke lie bharata dvArA preSita dUta bahalI deza kI janatA kI pUrvadhAraNA kA ciMtana karate hue socatA hai ki kyA bharata ko 'tArA' ke samAna tathA bAhubalI ko 'Aditya' ke samAna tejasvI mAnanA aucitya pUrNa hai? yahA~ zaurya evaM tejasvitA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bharata ko 'tArA' evaM bAhubalI ko 'Aditya' dRzya bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai : bAhubalI kI kIrti-gAthA, kyA yahAM aucitya hai ? dhAraNA kyoM bharata tArA, bAhubali Aditya hai / R.pR.-229 'bharata ko 'ratnamaNi' aura 'ratna kAkiNI' jaise divya Ayudha ratnoM kI upalaLi / huI thI jisakI tejasvitA kA citraNa 'sUrya' kI tejasvitA se kiyA gayA haiM : ratna pravara maNi aura kAkiNI, sUrya sadRzya tejasvI. R.pR.-165. vikendrita zAsana paddhati ke lie kavi ne meghakhaNDoM kA bimba nirmita kiyA hai| RSabha ne rAjya vyavasthA ke saMcAlana hetu ugra, bhoja, rAjanya, kSatriya Adi vibhAgoM kI sthApanA kii| jisa prakAra se meghakhaNDa sampUrNa AsamAna meM apane alaga astitva kA prakAzana karate haiM, usI prakAra pratyeka vibhAgoM ke svataMtra prabhAra se sudRr3ha rAjya vyavasthA kI nIMva pdd'ii| yahA~ vikendrita zAsana paddhati ko gagana khaNDa meM phaile hue bAdala ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai : savayA sama adhikAra prApta jana, zreNI prajJApita 'rAjanya' banI vikeMdrita zAsana-paddhati, gaganakhaMDa meM jyoM prjny| R.pR.-70. AsamAna meM kauMdhane vAlI 'vidyuta' kA bimbAtmaka prayoga paramparA se kAnti yA camaka ke rUpa meM hotA rahA hai| yahA~ paramparita rUpa se 'vidyutalekhA' kA bimba 11761

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' yugaloM ke khAnapAna vyavasthA meM rata 'gRhI ratna' ke lie kiyA gayA hai. jisase usakI tIkSNa AbhA kA prakaTIkaraNa hotA hai :-- pratidina bhojana-pAna vyavasthA, gRha-ratna kI rekhaa| divyazakti kI adbhuta mAyA, nabha meM vidyutlekhaa| R.pR.-165. dRzya bimboM ke udghATana meM jalIya bimboM kA upayoga kavi ne khUba kiyA hai| prAkatika jIvana meM badalAva Ane ke kAraNa saudharma loka ke adhipati ke sahayoga se yugaloM kA praveza nagarIya jIvana meM huaa| jo yugala abhI taka kalpavRkSoM kI chAyA meM khuzahAlI kA jIvana jIte the, unakA nivAsa sthAna aba nagara bnaa| unake jIvana kA rUpAMtaraNa aisA thA, jaise 'sAgara' kA praveza gagarI' meM ho rahA ho| yahA~ 'sAgara' ke bimba se yugaloM ke unmukta, svataMtra jIvana tathA 'gagarI' ke bimba se unake sImita kiMtu anuzAsita jIvana ko bimbita kiyA gayA hai : tarUvAsI jaga kA saMpraveza nagarI meM, mAnoM sAgara kA sanniveza gagarI meN| R.pR.-56. Atma vistAra athavA AtmamaMthana se hI eka vyakti meM dUsaroM ke prati samatva dRSTi kA vikAsa hotA hai, isa sthiti meM apane aura parAe kA jJAna nahIM rhtaa| yahA~ pravahamAna dhArA kI nirmalatA se AtmA kI pavitratA ko dRzyAMkita kiyA gayA hai : AtmA kI nirmala dhArA se, huA pravAhita samatA bodh| R.pR.-215. 'surasaritA' pavitratA ke lie khyAta hai, isIlie vyakti kI pavitratA kI tulanA gaMgA se kI jAtI hai bharata ke senAnI unakI vijaya kA svapna dekha rahe haiM, yahA~ sainikoM ke sukhada svapna 'vRtta' (AcaraNa) ko surasaritA kI pavitratA se citrita kiyA gayA hai : svapnila rAtri, svapnila nidrA, eka svapna hI punarAvRtta, vijayI hogA nAtha hamArA, nirmala surasaritA sA vRtt| 1171 R.pR.-273.

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khaNDita jIvana kI abhivyakti ke lie 'zAkhAhIna vRkSa' kA bimba bhI kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai| bandhu vihIna bharata apane apUrNa jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM AtmAlocana karate haiN| jisase unameM 'viSAda' bhAva kA prasphuraNa hotA hai, unakI sthiti to zAkhA vihIna usa vRkSa kI bhA~ti hai jisameM koI AkarSaNa nahIM raha jaataa| yahA~ 'zAkhAvihIna vRkSa' ke bimba se bharata ke apUrNa jIvana ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai : bharata! tumhArA kaisA jIvana, tarUvara jaise zAkhAhIna, bandhujanoM se virahita koI, kaise ho sakatA hai piin| R.pR.-211. kavi ne caMdramA ke prati cakora pakSI ke prema evaM samarpaNa kA citra bhI nirmita kiyA hai| bharata kI yuddhecchA se khinna unake aTThAnabe bhAI pitA RSabha se mArgadarzana prApta karane ke lie himAlaya kI ora prasthAna karate haiN| RSabha kA svabhAva komala evaM samatva dRSTi se maNDita hai| yahA~ 'cA~da cAMdanI' ke bimba se RSabha ke zItala svabhAva va 'cakora' ke bimba se 98 putroM ke pragAr3ha samarpaNa bhAva ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai : rAjadUta gaNa ko preSita kara, prasthita saba himagiri kI or| cA~da-cA~danI ke Azaya se, letA jIvana tatva ckor|| R.pR.-194. divya vibhA kI damaka ke lie 'navayauvanA' kA dRzya bimba bhI kavi ne prayukta kiyA hai| Ayudha zAlA meM prasthita bharata jaba cakraratna ko dekhate haiM to usakI vibhA se ve camatkRta ho uThate haiN| cakraratna kI vibhA aise pratIta hotI hai jaise 'navabAlA' kA yauvana umar3a rahA ho| sauMdarya va vibhA ke lie 'navabAlA' kA bimba AkarSaka bana gayA hai : nRpati bharata arcA karane ko, pahu~cA aayudhshaalaa| cakraratna kI divya vibhA taba, damakI bana nava baalaa| R.pR.-163. bharata ke netroM kI nirmalatA kA udghATana kavi ne darpaNa ke bimba se kiyA hai, jise nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai :-- huyI ghoSaNA zubha belA meM, cakrIzvara hogA abhissikt| nirmala nayana-mukura meM hogI, pratibimbita suSamA atirikt|| R.pR.-189. [178]

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pitA kI goda saMtAna ke lie bahuta hI surakSita evaM ArAmadAyaka hotI hai, jisake kAraNa yahA~ pitA RSabha kI goda ko (palaMga) 'paryaka' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pitA kI goda meM baiThane ke lie choTe-choTe putroM meM hamezA nAMka-jhoMka hotI rahI hai| bharata bar3e haiM, bAhabalI chotte| yadi bar3e bhAI kA adhikAra hotA hai to choTe kA haTha! yahA~ bharata kI stabdhatA choTe bhAI ke haTha ko bhI vyakta karatI hai : aMka yaha paryaka jaisA, tAta kA upalabdha thA maiM prathama AsIna hotA bharata usase stabdha thaa| R.pR.-234. vyakti jaba smRti kI duniyA~ meM vicaraNa karatA hai, taba bacapana ke eka-eka dRzya usakI A~khoM ke sAmane pratyakSa dikhAI dene lagate haiN| bharata ke dUta ke upasthita hone para bAhubalI bacapana kI smRti meM lauTa Ate haiN| unheM, bacapana kA bItA huA kSaNa parivAra kI sampUrNatA kA jJAna karAtA haiN| usa samaya unheM aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno RSabhadeva kA vaha suMdara kakSa ho jahA~ saMpUrNa bhAIyoM sahita jIvana viha~satA thA : Agamana tava bhUta kSaNa ko kara rahA pratyakSa hai, ho rahA sAkSAta mAno, prabhu RSabha kA kakSa hai| R.pR.-236. isa prakAra saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki acArya mahAprajJa ne dRzya bimboM ke udghATana meM abhUtapUrva saphalatA prApta kI hai| prakRti ke bahuAyAmI dRzyoM se bhAva kA udghATana jisa sahajatA ke dharAtala para huA hai, usakI jitanI hI prazaMsA kiyA jAya utanA hI kama hai| --00-- 1179

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(2) zrota athavA dhvani bimba .. zrota athavA dhvani bimba kA saMbaMdha zravaNendriya se hai| zabdoM kA dhvanyArthaka prayoga jitanA hI sArthaka hogA, usakA artha utanA hI gaMbhIra sahaja evaM prabhAvotpAdaka hogaa| zabda jahA~ eka ora artha kI pratIti karA vastu athavA bhAva kA bimba mAnasika stara para ujAgara karate haiM vahIM dUsarI ora dhvanyArtha ko mukhara kara Antarika zravaNoM para eka dhvani citra bhI nirmita karate haiN| kAvya meM dhvaniparaka sthitiyoM kA udghATana kaviyoM dvArA mukhyataH tIna rUpoM meM milatA hai| prathama rUpa meM varNa sauMdarya dvArA dhvani saMvedanA ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| isameM varNoM kI AnuprAsika yojanA tathA punurUkta zabdoM ke dvArA dhvani kI abhivyakti hotI hai| isa dhvani sauMdarya kA kAraNa sajAtIya varNoM va zabdoM kI vyavasthA hotI hai| dUsare rUpa meM ve zabda Ate haiM jo apanA anukaraNAtmaka athavA anuraNanAtmaka mahatva rakhate haiM, isase vAtAvaraNa kA yatheSTa sammUrtana hotA hai| tIsare rUpa meM zravya bimba dhvani pratIkoM para AdhArita hote haiM, jaise taMtrI, kokila, vaMzI, turahI Adi kI dhvni| ye dhvani, pratIka lakSita evaM sArthaka artha pradAna karate haiN| chanda, laya kA kavitA meM vizeSa sthAna hai| inake dvArA bhI chAndasa laya paraka bimboM kI racanA hotI hai| vastutaH yaha saMpUrNa sRSTi vividha prakAra kI dhvaniyoM kA saMgama hai| sabhI dhvaniyA~ apane meM viziSTa hotI haiM aura usI anurUpa apanA madhura athavA karkaza prabhAva chor3atI haiN| varSA kI dhvani, bAdaloM ke garajane kI dhvani, pavana ke prabhAva se vRkSoM kI pattiyoM ke hilane se utpanna dhvani, jharanA kI dhvani, nadI kI dhvani, pazu pakSiyoM kI dhvani, bherI, zaMkha Adi kI dhvaniyoM meM paryApta bhinnatA hai aura isa bhinnatA ke kAraNa hI ye kAvya ke kSetra meM dhvani bimboM kA niSpAdana karate haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa kI varNa yojanA atyanta sazakta evaM samRddha hai| unhoMne bhAvoM ke anukUla varNoM kI yojanA kara nAdasauMdarya kI sRSTi kI hai| bhAvoM ke anurUpa mArdava evaM ojamaya zabdoM ke gumphana meM Apa siddhahasta haiN| komala bhAvoM kI prastuti ke antargata vasanta-utsava kA nimnalikhita udAharaNa draSTavya hai : maMda-maMda samIraNa surabhita, kara-kara viTapi-sparza, Age bar3hatA lagatA tarU ko, iSTa viyoga prakarSa, 11801

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kaNa-kaNa dRSTa karUNa sAkAra, zAkhA zAkhA kapa vikaar| R.pU.-79. madhu maMthara gati se pravahamAna samIra jaba vRkSoM kA sparza kara Age bar3ha jAtA hai| taba priya pavana ke viyoga se usakI vyAkulatA aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| isa prakAra ukta udAharaNa meM komalakAnta padAvalI va chAndasa laya milakara upayukta vAtAvaraNa ke sRjana meM sahAyaka hue haiN| ojamaya bhAvoM ke anukrama meM aise zabdoM kI yojanA kI gaI hai jisase krodha athavA zaurya kI abhivyakita hotI hai| yuddha ke saMdarbha meM parUSa zabdoM ke mela se ojamaya bhAvoM kA avalokana AsAnI se kiyA jA sakatA hai| anilavega ke zaurya-pradarzana se bharata kI senA palAyana karane lagI, jo eka zaktizAlI senA ke lie upahAsa kA viSaya hai| isa dRzya ko dekha krodhAgni meM jalate hue bharata ne anilavega para cakra se prahAra kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa bharata ke 'kopAnala' evaM cakra kI jvAlA se aMtarikSa bhI prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha skaa| indra sahita sampUrNa devagaNa bhI isa dRzya ko dekha Azcaryacakita hue binA nahIM raha sake : gajArUr3ha cakrI ne dekhA anilavega kA zaurya-vilAsa dekhA apanI senA kA vaha ghora palAyana kRta upahAsa R.pR.- 260. kopAnala se jvalita bharata ne pheMkA divya zaktimaya cakra aMtarikSa kI jvAlAoM se, vismita cakita huA sura-zakra R.pR.-261. yahA~ kavi kA pada bandha dekhane yogya hai eka ora kopAnala se 'jvalita' bharata kA gAtra hai to dUsarI ora 'jvAlAoM se paripUrNa' antarikSa kA kSetra hai| 'sura zakra' ke cakita hone ke kendra meM bharata kI aparimita zakti hI hai| isa prakAra ojamaya varNoM ke sAhacarya se yatheSTa bhAvoM kA sRjana huA hai| 181]

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* kAvya meM varNoM kI AnuprAsika saMgati se bhI nAdAtmaka sauMdarya kA sRjana hotA hai| lagatA hai AcArya mahAprajJa kA kavi mana anuprAsoM kI chaTA bikharane meM adhika ramA hai| sampUrNa mahAkAvya meM sajAtIya athavA samAna varNoM kA prayoga adhika kiyA gayA hai, jisase varNoM athavA zabdoM se sahaja hI dhvanyAtmakatA prakaTa hotI hai, jaise : jeTha mAsa kI tapI dupaharI, tapta dhUli dharatI bhI tapta, tapta pavana kA tapA huA tana, mana kaise ho tadA atapta ? R.pR.-198. R.pR.-80. krIr3A kI komala kaliyoM meM, aMkita sabakA haath| ___+ + + lIlAlIna lalita lalanA kI, pAdAhati se rUSTa / + + + sukha kI saritA meM sAre jana, hai AkaMTha nimgn| R.pR.-79. R.pR.-79. ukta udAharaNoM meM 'ta', 'ka', 'la' aura 'sa' vargoM ke Adhikya se varNa dhvani parilakSita hotI hai| zabdoM ke anukaraNAtmaka prayoga se sArthaka dhvani bimboM kA sRjana hotA hai| isameM eka zabda dubArA prayukta hokara dhvanyArthaka rUpa meM artha gAMbhIrya kA prakaTIkaraNa karate haiN| RSabhAyaNa meM punurUkta zabdoM kI bahulatA se dhvani bimboM kA vistAra AsAnI se dekhA jA sakatA hai, jaise : dhanya dhanya kI antarvANI, gUMja uThA sArA aakaash| R.pR.-160. + + + bhAI bhAI sAtha rahe haiM, cakSu cakSu se paricita puurnn| R.pR.-276. + + + agraja-agraja, anuja-anuja hai, satya rahegA kavi kA suukt| R.pR.-274. ukta udAharaNoM meM punurUkta zabda dhvani vyaMjaka hai| prathama udAharaNa meM mA~ marUdevA ke mokSa ke pazcAt RSabha ke upadeza se abhibhUta janamAnasakI antarvANI 11821

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ke dhanya dhanya ke udghoSa se saMpUrNa AkAza gUMjane lgaa| yahA~ yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki prathama zabda usI artha meM dubArA prayukta hokara bhAva ko sabalatA pradAna karatA hai| dvitIya udAharaNa meM prayukta zabda 'bhAI-bhAI' aura 'cakSu-cakSu' se kUde haiM aura eka dUsare kI A~khoM kI bhASA bhalI-bhAMti samajhate haiN| tRtIya udAharaNa meM 'agraja' aura 'anuja' kI punurUkti se 'agraja' kI zreSThatA evaM anuja kI kaniSThatA vyakta kI gayI hai jisameM donoM kI maryAdAe~ bhI jhalakatI haiN| kaviyoM ke dvArA aise zabdoM kI bhI yojanA kI jAtI hai jo sAmAnya artha ke sAtha hI sAtha sambandhita dhvani ko bhI vyakta karate haiN| guMjArava, kalarava, siMhanAda, rimajhima, rambhAnA, jhaMkAra, garjana, tarjana Adi aise zabda haiM jo apanA dhvani paraka artha dete haiN| ina anuraNanAtmaka zabdoM meM dhvani mAtra se artha mukhara karane kI vizeSa zakti hotI hai, jaise : parimala rasamaya zItala jalabhRta pUrNakalaza yaha abhinava hai padmAkara ke madhu parAga para, madhukara kA guMjArava hai| R.pR.-33. bhramara, kamala kA rasapAna karane ke lie adhIra rahatA hai, isIlie jaba bhI use 'kamalAkara' ke madhura rasapAna kA avasara milatA hai, vaha unmatta hokara guMjAra karane lagatA hai| bhauMre ke guMjAra ke sAtha koyala kI kala-kUjana evam usake paMcama svara se pariveza kI dhvanimayatA kA acchA citraNa huA hai| vasaMtotsava ke samaya bharata ke rAjyAbhiSeka kA Ayojana kiyA gayA hai| saMpUrNa prakRti meM ullAsa hai| bhauMre mAlatI latA kA rasapAna karate hue jahA~ guMjAra kara rahe haiM, vahIM koyala kI madhura dhvani bhI jhaMkRta ho rahI hai| madhu maMthara gati se pravahamAna pavana kA sparza AhlAdaka evaM prasannadAyI hai| yahA~ madhukara kI guMjAra tathA koyala kI 'kalakaMTha kAkalI' se saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa ko dhvanimaya dikhAyA gayA hai : 11831

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latA mAlatI ke maMDapa meM, madhukara kA guNjaar| kokila kA kalakaMTha kAkalI, maMjulatama upahAra / / urmila maMda-maMda pavamAna, sabake hoThoM para muskaan| R.pR.-77. 'koyala' evaM 'kekA' pakSI ke kalarava se maMgala saMdeza kI bhI dhvani vyaMjanA kI gayI hai| jaba nami aura vinami se saMdhi ke pazcAt digvijayI bharata kA prasthAna apanI priya nagarI vinItA ke lie hotA hai, taba unheM mAtRbhUti kA pratyeka pariveza AlAdaka pratIta hotA hai| vRkSa, vAnara, koyala, kekA saba paricita se laga rahe haiN| usa samaya koyala kI kala dhvani se aisA lagatA hai jaise vaha lokapriya nareza ke Agamana para vijaya ke apane ajJAta praNa ko duharA rahI ho aura mayUra pakSI bhI apane manorama nRtya evam kalakUjana se koI komala AmaMtraNa de rahA ho| yahA~ koyala kA 'anajAnA sA praNa' aura mayUra ke 'komala AmaMtraNa' ko unakI 'kala dhvani' se hI vyakta kiyA gayA hai : koyala kA kalarava anajAnA-sA praNa hai| kekA kA koI komala AmaMtraNa hai| R.pR.-185. 'zrAvaNa mAsa kI 'rimajhima-rimajhima' varSA kA dhvanimaya citraNa mAMgalika kAryoM ke maMgala saMdeza ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| RSabha ke pANigrahaNa saMskAra kA dRzya hai|' pANigrahaNa saMskAra kI belA mAMgalika bhAvanAoM se paripUrNa hotI hai|' 'sAvana kI rimajhima varSA' bhI AhlAdaka, AnaMdamayI hotI haiN| yahA~ RSabha ke pANigrahaNa saMskAra kI sarasatA ko zrAvaNI varSA kI 'rimajhima' dhvani se vyakta kiyA gayA hai : sampanna pANi se grahaNa pANi kA pAvana, jaisA barasA ho rimajhima-rimajhima saavn| R.pR.-51. kavi ne 'yazogAna' ke lie bhI sAvana kI 'rimajhima' varSA kA anuraNanAtmaka bimba prastuta kiyA hai| bharata ke 'cakrI' rUpa se abhibhUta kRSaka gaNa unakA svAgata karane ke lie Atura haiN| yaha guNagAna mAtra vAcika hI nahIM, hRdaya ke antaH pradeza [184

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se uThA huA vaha mauna AlAda hai, jisameM vAcikatA gupta hai| isa gupta yazaH dhvani ko varSA kI rimajhima dhvani se citrita kiyA gayA hai : virUdAvali ke ye mUka bola mana bhaavn| rimajhima-rimajhima bUMdoM se jaise saavn|| R.pR.-185. sAvana ke atirikta dhArAsAra varSA kA dhvanimaya bimbAMkana bhI abhUtapUrva hai| tIvra varSA jisakI bUMde pRthvI para prabalatA ke sAtha lambavata par3atI haiM, use loka pracalana meM mUsalAdhAra varSA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| anna ko chA~Tate yA kUTate samaya musala se eka vizeSa prakAra kI dhvani nikalatI hai| yahA~ 'musala' ke dhvanyAtmaka bimba se varSA kI dhArA ko citrita kiyA gayA hai : musala sadaza varSA kI dhArA, kAMpa uThA senaanii| R.pR.-175. bijalI kI camaka va bAdaloM kI garjana-tarjana kA anuraNanAtmaka bimba bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| gaMgA, mAgadha tathA sindhu ke kSetroM ko vijita karane ke pazcAt bharata kI senA divya AyudhoM se susajjita uttara dizA meM sthita rAjyoM ko jItane ke lie prasthAna kii| usa samaya divya ratnamaNi ke prabhAva va pratiSThA se bharata kA gaja-mastaka damakane lagA, jisase prakRti bhI prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha skii| jaise bijalI apanI camaka evaM jaladhara apanI gaMbhIra garjanA se bharata kI 'gaurava gAthA' ko duharA rahA ho : divya ratna maNi kiyA pratiSThita, damaka uThA gj-maathaa| bijalI camakI garajA jaladhara, gaMjI gaurava gaathaa| R.pR.-169. maMgalAcaraNa ke sasvara pATha kA dhvanimaya citraNa abhUtapUrva hai| digvijaya ke uparAnta siMhAsanAsIna bharata kI abhyarthanA meM janasamUha kA 'maMgala svara' logoM ko karNapriya to laga hI rahA thaa| AsamAna meM bhI usakI anugUMja vyApta thI : maMgala svara maMgala pAThaka kA, banA karNa-koTara kA mitra, sahasA nIla gagana ke paTa para, vyakta huA bhAvoM kA citr| pR.-190. AhAra ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha kA svAgata sAmAnya jana 185]

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'maMgala-stavana' se kara rahe haiM jisase saMpUrNa pariveza dhvanimaya ho jAtA hai :-- thAla muktA se bharA, upahAra koI lA rhaa| bhakti bhAvita bhAva koI. stavana-maMgala gA rhaa| R.pR.-118. vyakti dvArA kiyA gayA 'siMhanAda' usake paurUSa evaM sAmarthya ko vyakta karatA hai| 'huMkAra' jitanI gurU gaMbhIra hogI, prabhAva bhI utanA gaharA hogaa| bharata aura bAhubalI ke siMhanAda se svara kI uccatA evaM sarvoccatA yaha nirNaya de detI hai ki vijayI kauna hogA ? yadi bharata ke siMhanAda se saMpUrNa diga-diganta ninAdita ho gayA, to vahIM bahalIzvara kA siMhanAda saMpUrNa 'dikkoNoM' meM vyApta ho gyaa| isa prakAra bAhubalI ke svara meM bharata kA svara samAhita ho gyaa| kavi ne donoM ke siMhanAda kI prabhAvotpAdakatA ko airAvata gaja (bAhubalI) evaM sAmAnyagaja (bharata) ke cigghAr3a se vyakta kI hai :-- bharatezvara ke siMhanAda se, dig diganta meM huA ninAda / __ + + + bahalIvara ke siMhanAda se, vyApta hue sAre dikkoNa, huA tirohita nAda bharata kA, airAvata sammukha gaja gaunn| R.pR.-278. anukaraNAtmaka tathA anuraNanAtmaka zabdoM ke atirikta jaba kAvya meM kisI vizeSa sthiti, bhAva dazA athavA kriyA vyApAra kI abhivyakti aindriya grAhya dhvani dvArA kI jAtI hai, taba vahA~ dhvani bimba kA zreSTha rUpa hotA hai| isa prakAra ke bimboM ke nirmANa meM dhvani pratIkoM kI yatheSTa bhUmikA hotI hai, jaise-taMtrI, zahanAI, baMzI, koyala, kekI, jhillI Adi ye pratIka jahA~ apanA dhvaniparaka artha dete haiM vahIM anyatra ye dRzya bimba ke bhI mAdhyama banate haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa ne hRdaya kI AnandAvasthA kA prakAzana taMtrI vAdya yaMtra kI jhaMkAra dhvani se kiyA hai| caitanyAvasthA meM hRdayarUpI taMtrI ke tAra jaba jhaMkRta hote haiM, taba usakI jhaMkAra bahuta hI komala hotI hai, usa samaya dharatI aura AkAza kI dUrI bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| yahA~ sAdhanA patha para agrasara RSabha ke mana aura hRdaya kA surUcipUrNa bimbAMkana nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai : [186]

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antarmAnasa kI uMgalI se, hRt taMtrI kA taar| jhaMkRta ho kara detA abhinava, maMjulatama jhNkaar| dharatI aMbara sahaja samIpa, jalatA hai jaba cinmaya diip| R.pR.-91. prAkRtika upAdAnoM meM 'pavana' evaM 'pallava' apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| 'pavana' kI dhvani tathA usake sparza se 'pallava' kI dhvani saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa ko jIvanta karatI hai| yahA~ pavana evaM pallava kI dhvanyAtmakatA kramazaH saMgIta evaM zahanAI ke bimba se jahAM prabhAvazAlI bana gaI hai, vahIM saMgIta ke prati kavi kI rUjhAna kA bhI patA calatA hai : surabhi-pavana saMgIta gA rahA, pallava-rava kI shhnaaii| kiMzuka kuMkuma rUpa ho gayA, puSpoM ne lI aNgdd'aaii| R.pR.-35. RSabhAyaNa meM 'jhillI' jaise aMdherA priya kITa kA bhI dhvani rUpa meM bimbAkaMna kiyA gayA hai| rAtri ke samaya jhillI kI jhIM-jhI kI dhvani se pUrA pariveza abhikaMpita sA ho jAtA hai| usakI dhvani meM uccatA sahita itanI prakharatA hotI hai ki vaha rAtri bhara gUMjatI rahatI hai| yahA~ jhillI rava kA vistAra sahaja aura svAbhAvika rUpa se dRSTavya hai :-- udyotita khadyota camaka se, tarU kA kisly-ptr| jhiMgura kI dhvani se abhikaMpita, bItA rjnii-str| R.pR.-77. ukta dhvani bimboM ke atirikta sAgara, lahara evaM nirjhara kA dhvani paraka citraNa bhI kavi dvArA kiyA gayA hai| caMdramA ke AkarSaNa se samudra meM gaganacumbinI lahareM uThatI haiM jisake kAraNa kolAhala hI kolAhala sunAI dene lagatA hai| yahA~ candramA ke AkarSaNa se 'sAgara' kI 'kolAhala' dhvani ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai :-- candramA AkAza meM, pratibimbi sAgara le rahA, tumula kolAhala prasRta, saMketa apanA de rhaa| R.pR.-128. RSabha avatAra ke pUrva mA~ marUdevA ke svapna darzana ke pazcAt unake harSabhAva kI abhivyakti samandara ke antastala se uThI huyI gaganacumbinI uttAla |187

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patA nahIM kyoM Aja ahetuka, harSa-vIci uttAla huI ? mauna samandara, gananacumbinI, laharI jyoM vAcAla huii| R.pR.-34. mA~ marUdevA kI samAdhi ke pazcAt RSabha dvArA sAmAnya jana ko diyA gayA upadeza nirjhara kI dhvani se prastuta kiyA gayA hai :-- suno suno tuma kAna! sajaga ho nirjhara kA nUtana saMdeza chipA huA hai apanA Azraya AkarSita kara rahA videsh| R.pR.-157. RSabha dvArA rAjya kA parityAga evaM dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt karUNA se paripUrNa bharata ke svara ko bhI niIra kI dhvani se vyakta kiyA gayA hai : bharatezvara ke svara meM karUNA - rasa ne vara nirjhara rUpa liyA jana mAnasa harSa-vibhora huA sabane svara meM svara ghola diyaa| R.pR.-104. lokajIvana meM, pazuoM meM, vizeSataH gAya kA sarvopari sthAna hai| grAmINa pariveza meM prAtaH evaM sAyaMkAla gAyoM kA rambhAnA eka svAbhAvika kriyA hai| gokula meM gAyoM ke rambhAnese dhvani kA sahaja prasAra karNapriya bana jAtA hai : zasya - zasya zyAmala khetoM kA, sarasa ikSuvAToM kA vrAta gokula meM gau raMbhAne kI dhvani hotI thI sAMya praat| R.pR.-69. 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' jIvana kA eka aisA sUtra hai, jisase mAnavatA viha~satI hai| kintu jahA~ para hiMsAtmaka gatividhiyA~ sakriya rahatI haiM, vahA~ samAja ko azAnti evaM duHkha kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| vastutaH hiMsA eka kupravRtti hai, jisameM hiMsaka kA patita rUpa dikhAI detA hai| hiMsA ke ha~sane kA tAtparya hiMsaka kI ve krUra gatividhiyA~ haiM, jo saMpUrNa mAnavatA ke samakSa eka jaTila prazna hai| jahA~ [188]

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.. ahiMsA kA sambandha sadAcaraNa, savyavahAra tathA mAnavatA ke vikAsa se hai, vahIM hiMsA kA sambandha anAcAra se hai jisameM hiMsaka kI saMpUrNa patanakArI vRttiyAM samAhita haiN| nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM hiMsA ko azAMti tathA duHkha ke bIja ke rUpa meM Aropita kara usake krUra aTTahAsa ko dhvanita kiyA gayA hai : zAMti bhaMga duHkha-bIja vapana kara, haMsane vAlI hiMsA hai| R.pR.-159. Aja vizvastara para hiMsA kI carama vyApti vizva mAnava evaM kavi kI cintA kA kAraNa hai| 'hiMsA' eka aisI dhAraNA hai jo saMpUrNa mAnavatA ko paMgu banAe hue hai| AcArya zrI ne hiMsA ke krUra aTTahAsa ko bhI dhvani bimba ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai| isa prakAra ukta saMdarbho ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya mahAprajJa ne zrota saMvedanAoM ko makharita kara RSabhAyaNa meM unakI dhvani paraka pratiSThA kI hai| --00-- | 1897

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(3) ghrANa (gaMdha) bimba ghrANendriya kA saMbaMdha gaMdha se hai| jisa kavi meM gaMdha saMvedanA jitanI tIvra hogI usakA rUpAyaNa bhI bhAvAnurUpa utanA hI sahaja evaM sArthaka hogA / yoM to gaMdha bimba kAvya meM virala hote haiM, jabaki prakRti kA samUcA vistAra gaMdhamaya hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jaise mahAkavi bhI rAmacaritamAnasa meM atyalpa gaMdha bimboM ko nirUpita kiyA hai| gaMdha bimboM kI bimbAtmakatA bahuta kucha pAThaka kI gaMdha saMvedanA para bhI AdhArita hotI hai / RSabhAyaNa meM gaMdhamaya bimboM kA udghATana adhikatara puSpoM ke mAdhyama se hI huA hai, jo paramparAnusAra hI lakSita hote haiM / isake atirikta jala, pavana, udyAna, vAtAvaraNa, satya - saMyama, Adi ko bhI gaMdhamayatA pradAna kI gayI hai / RturAja vasaMta kI gaMdhamaya chaTA kA varNana kavi ne atyadhika kiyA hai / gaMdha vAyu kA guNa hai| vAyu ke kAraNa hI gaMdha kA prasAra hotA hai / RSabha janma ke pazcAt surabhita pavana ke prabhAva se saMpUrNa dizAeM sugaMdhamaya ho jAtI haiM / vividha puSpoM ke vikAsa tathA kiMzuka kusuma kI lAlimA se yukta prakRti kA saMpUrNa dRzya saMgItamaya evaM rUpamaya ho jAtA | yahA~ gaMdhamayatA ke sAtha dhvani evaM dRzya bimba kA mizrita rUpa dekhate hI banatA hai surabhi -pavana saMgIta gA rahA, pallava-rava kI zahanAI / kiMzuka kuMkuma rUpa ho gayA, puSpoM ne lI a~gar3AI / R. pR. 35 sRSTi meM jaba jaba mahAna AtmAoM kA avatAra hotA hai / taba taba unake saMpUrNa jIvana kA pUrvAbhAsa prakRti svameva hI de datI hai, yahA~ surabhita pavana ke saMcAra se mAnavIyatA ke mAMgalika bhAva ke vistAra ko gaMdhamayatA pradAna kI gayI hai / RSabharAjya lokakalyANakArI rAjya kI sthApanA kA vizva mAnava ko amara saMdeza hai / yaugalika yuga ko eka sUtra meM pirokara jIvana kI saMpUrNa suvidhA pradAna kara jaba ve munidIkSA ke lie agrasara hote haiM usa samaya bhI pavana sumanoM kI gaMdha ko pariveza meM prasArita kara rahA hotA hai, isa gaMdhamaya prasAra meM Atma mukti kA divya saMdeza bhI hai - sumana- parimala ko pavana gati, pragati jaise de rahA eka jana ne dUsare ko, pravaNa bana saba kucha kahA / R. pU. 93

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I ke vasaMta RtuoM kA rAjA hI nahIM, prakRti kA zrRMgAra bhI hai / kavi ne vasaMta ke svabhAva anurUpa komala zabdoM kA prayoga kara usakI komalatA ko to darzAyA hI hai, madh maMthara gati se pravahamAna surabhita bayAra ke saMsparza se vRkSoM kI viyoga dazA kA bhI anubhAvana karAyA hai jise nimna udAharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai maMda-maMda samIraNa surabhita kara-kara viTapi-sparza Age bar3hatA lagatA tarU ko, iSTa viyoga prakarSa / R. pR. 79 parimala se paripUrNa madhuRtu snigdha bhAvoM ke vistAraNa kA kAraNa hai, usake prabhAva mAtra se hI parAga se paripUrNa puSpoM kA vihaMsanA sahaja ho jAtA hai / vasaMta ke isa anupama vilAsa se upavana kA konA-konA sugaMdhi se paripUrNa ho rAga bhAva kI abhivRddhi karane lagatA hai parimala madhusArathi kA maMtra, viracita madanotsava kA taMtra, surabhita upavana kA hara konA, vihasita puSpa parAga, rAga jhAMkatA pUrNa yuvA bana, mIlita nayana virAga / R.pR. 77 vasaMtotsava ke samaya bAlAe~ puSpAbharaNa se susajjita haiM, jisase unakA sauMdarya mRdu saurabha se paripUrNa hai| vasaMta kA yaha pradeya adbhuta hai, loka ko samarpita usakA saMpUrNa sAmrAjya (sauMdarya, mArdava, saurabha ) stutya hai - alaMkaraNa AbhUSaNa manahara, puSpa vinirmita sarva suMdaratA mRdutA saurabha ke, lokArpaNa kA parva / R.pU. 78 puSpAbharaNa se vibhUSita RSabha ke saudarya kA dRzyAMkana gaMdhamaya vAtAvaraNa se kiyA gayA hai| ve puSpavAsa gRha meM aise suzobhita ho rahe haiM, jaise unake rUpa meM svayaM vasaMta mUrttita ho gayA ho / yahA~ puSpAbharaNa 'puSpavAsa gRha' tathA 'puSpabhAsa' pAThaka ko tIvra sugaMdha kI anubhUti se paripUrNa kara detA hai puSpAbharaNa vibhUSita bhAsvara, AdIzvara saMsphUrta puSpavAsa gRha meM zobhita hai, puSpamAsa jyoM mUrtta / R. pR. 78 saMyamamaya jIvana kI abhivyakti bhI saurabha se paripUrNa vasaMta se kI gayI hai / kaNa-kaNa meM puSpoM ke rUpa meM santoM kA vistAra apane meM anAma sugandhi ko 191

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sameTe hue hai| yahAM basaMta kI dRzyatA meM gaMdha kI carama vyApti kA sahaja anubhava hotA hai - saMyama jIvana sahI vasaMta, kaNa-kaNa meM puSpita hai saMta / R. pR. 82 satya aura saMyama munijIvana kI jahA~ AdhArazilA hai vahIM jIvana kA samagra yazasvI rUpa bhI hai| isake prabhAva se saMpUrNa jIvana kalmaSoM se dUra ho sauhArdra, prema aura karUNA se sarAbora ho jAtA hai| RSabha - dIkSA ke suavasara para arddhavikasita kaliyA~ pUrNa vikasita ho sampUrNa prAkAra meM satya - saMyama ke saurabha kA prasAra kara rahI haiN| - adhakhilI kalI meM vikasvara, kusuma kA AkAra hai, satya saMyama kI surabhi kA, bana rahA prAkAra hai / R. pR. 93 mahAna AtmAoM kI upasthiti prakRti ke lie vizeSa AhlAdaka hotI hai| AtmasiddhAMta pratipAdana hetu RSabha jaba purimatAla ke zakaTAnana meM upasthita hote haiM, taba sahasA udyAna meM sabhI vRkSa hare-bhare ho jAte haiM tathA usakA kaNa-kaNa saurabha se snAta ho jAtA hai kaNa-kaNa meM saurabha phailA hai, karatA hai sabako AhvAna | kavi ne svataMtratA kI divya anubhUti kA AsvAdana pArijAta puSpa ke parimala ke rUpa meM kI hai| bharata kI senA ke prakopa se girijanoM ko rakSita tathA unakI svataMtratA ko akSuNNa banAe rakhane ke lie kuladevatA meghamukha kA kathana gandhAnubhUti se paripUrNa hai pArijAta yaha svataMtratA kA, puSpita rahe tumhArA / bana samIra parimala phailanA, pAvana kRtya hamArA / / R. pR. 174 yahI nahIM, nami aura vinami se saMdhi ke pazcAt bharata jaba vinItA nagarI meM praveza karate haiM taba prakRti ke surabhimaya vAtAvaraNa meM kRSakagaNa sotsava nayanoM se unakA dIdAra karate haiM - R. pR. 152 surabhitara vAtAvaraNa prakRti kA sArA kRSakoM ne nRpa ko sotsava nayana nihArA / 192 R. pR. 185

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priya sambandhoM kI abhivyakti bhI kavi ne suvAsita sumana se kI hai| sAMsArika dRSTi se saMbaMdhoM meM khaTAsa AnA koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai, usa khaTAsa kA nivAraNa madhura sambhASaNa se AsAnI se kiyA jA sakatA hai| yuddha to aMtima vikalpa hai, prAthamika nhiiN| bharata kA yaha ciMtana sambandhoM kI priyatA ko lekara hai| madhura sambandha rUpI tarU para bhAtRtva rUpI surabhi sumana tabhI khila sakatA hai, jaba usameM madhuratA ho, prema ho| samara carama vikalpa usako, sthAna yadi pahalA mile| to madhura sambandha tarU para, surabhi-suma kaise khile ? R.pR. 227 yuddha kI vitRSNA se bAhubalI tapasyA kA mArga cunate haiM sthANuvat ve sthitaprajJa ho jAte haiM, latAe~ unake gAtra ke avalamba se apanA pUrNa vikAsa kara unheM AvRtta kara detI haiM, jisase unakI keza rAzi aura aMga-aMga kezara kI kyArI kI bhAMti saMpUrNa kSetra ko sugaMdhamaya kara detI hai| yahA~ 'kezara kI sI kyArI' pAThaka ko sahaja hI gandhAnubhUti karA detI hai - Acchanna harita se deha huI hai sArI kaca uttamAMga ke kezara kI sI kyaarii| R.pR. 292 rAjanItika saMdarbha meM gaMdhamaya bimboM kA prayoga anUThA hai| bharata digvijaya kara nagara meM praveza karate haiM, kintu cakra nagara ke bAhara hI sthira ho jAtA haiN| maMtrI isa bAta ko jAnatA hai ki bAhubalI ke avijita hone ke kAraNa hI bharata kA digvijaya kA sapanA adhUrA hI hai| bharata isakA kAraNa jAnanA cAhate hai kintu maMtrI ke mauna rahane para ve kahate hai ki yadi samasyA ke kSaNoM meM saciva hI maMtraNA ke kArya se sanyAsa le le to vaha rohita vRkSa para khile usa phUla kI bhAMti hai jisakI surabhi vAtAvaraNa meM to phailatI hai, kintu usakI upalabdhi nahIM ho pAtI / yahA~ maMtrI ke cAturya pUrNa AzvAsana ko 'rohitaka' ke phUla kI suvAsa se vyakta kiyA gayA hai - yadi samasyA ke kSaNoM meM, saciva hI sanyAsa le, rohitaka kA phUla banakara, surabhi kA AzvAsa de| R.pR. 222 11931

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bharata ko die gae 'rAjanIti-saMbodha' meM RSabha ne damanakArI zAsana ko heya batAte hue use 'adhaH suvAsa' ke rUpa meM nirUpati kara usakI nindA kI hai nigraha kaMTaka adhaH suvAsa vaha zAsana hotA AzvAsa / R.pR. 88 zikSA-dIkSA ke jJAnamaya bhAvabhUmi ke vistAra ko bhI kavi dvArA gandhamayatA pradAna kI gayI hai| RSabha ne apanI donoM putriyoM brAhmI aura suMdarI ko kramazaH lipinyAsa evaM gaNita ke jJAna se maNDita kara nArI ko zikSA ke kSetra meM pahalA sthAna diyaa| isa prakAra unake komala hRdayoM meM lipi evaM gaNita rUpI suvAsita puSpa kA vikAsa huA - lipi - gaNita kI zikSA meM, nArI ko pahalA sthAna milA, komalatama antara meM koI, parimala parivRtta puSpa khilaa| R.pR. 67 ukta gaMdha bimboM ke alAvA parokSa anubhava se sambandhita svapna meM gaMdha bimboM kA bhI udghATana mA~ marUdevA ke svapna ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| mA~ marUdevA RSabha janma ke pUrva svapna meM caudaha maMgalakArI vastuoM ko dekhatI haiM jisameM puSpamAlA, kumbha evaM padma sarovara bhI haiM, jisakI gaMdhamayatA cittAkarSaka evaM surUcipUrNa hai - surabhi-sumana se guMphita mAlA, Alambana banane aaii| R.pU. 32 parimala rasamaya zItala jalabhRta, pUrNakalaza yaha abhinava hai R.pR. 33 ukta gaMdhamaya bimboM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya zrI ne paraMparAnusAra puSpoM kI gaMdhoM kA hI adhikatara bimbAMkana kiyA hai| prakRti kA rUpa unheM vizeSataH AkarSita kiyA hai, isalie mahAkAvya meM unheM pramukhatA se sthAna bhI milA hai| gaMdhoM ke anya kArakoM kA abhAva sA hI dikhAI detA hai| phira bhI gaMdhoM kI ekarasatA kA apanA AnaMda hai, jisase iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / --00-- |194

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rasa yA AsvAdya bimba rasanendriya kA saMbaMdha svAda se hai pUrvAnubhUti madhura tikta, kaTu, kaSailA aura lavaNIya Adi rasanA ke anubhavoM kA kAvya meM bimbAtmaka aindriyAnubhava karAnA svAda bimboM kA kArya hai / prAyaH kaviyoM ne dhvani, prema, rUpa Adi kI prabhAvAbhivyakti AsvAdya bimboM se kI hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne AsvAdya bimba nirmANa meM amRta kA sarvAdhika Azraya liyA hai / amRta eka kalpita padArtha hai jisakA svAda atyanta mIThA mAnA jAtA hai| zAMta vAtAvaraNa kI manomayatA kA dRzyAMkana sudhApAna se kiyA gayA hai / yugaloM kA prAkRtika jIvana kalaha vihIna thA / cAroM aura zAMti hI zAMti thii| aise pariveza meM yugala zAMta-sudhA kA pAna kara kalaha kI vyAkulatA se mukta 4. bAta sahI hai, soca sahI hai, hama svataMtra jIne vAle / kintu kalaha se vyAkula, pratipala, zAMta sudhA pIne vAle / R. pR. 19 saMyamamaya jIvana ke lie amRta kA svAda paraka bimba dekhane yogya hai / RSabha sAmAnyajana ko saMyama kA upadeza dete hue kahate haiM ki atibhoga Atmika utthAna meM bAdhaka hai| vaha vikRti kA kAraNa hai| saMyama sudhA ke Acamana se hI dharmAcaraNa sulabha hotA hai -- bhoga kI sImA kare yaha dharma hai saMyama-sudhA / satya ko jAne binA hI, ulajhatA mAnava mudhA / - R. pR. 96 aMguSThapAna ke dvArA bhI amRta kI svAdAnubhUti karAyI gayI hai / svabhAvataH navajAta zizu apanA aMguSTha pAna karatA hai| yaha aMguSTha pAna bAlaka ke lie svAsthya vardhaka va hitakArI hai / bAlaka RSabha bhI aMguSThapAna meM amRta kA AsvAdana kara rahe haiM - milA amRta aMguSTha-pAna meM, ati poSaka AhAra banA / phalAhAra, phira svAsthya vidhAyaka, mUla puSTa to puSTa tanA / R. pR. 37 mIThe jala se sadbhAva kI svAdAnubhUti bhI amRta ke samAna nArikela ke karAI gayI hai| paropakAra sadbhAvanA kA viziSTa guNa hai| paropakArI bAhyarUpa se 195

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kitanA hI kaThora ho, Antarika rUpa se dravIbhUta hI hotA hai prathama kSaNa meM pIta jala-smRti kA prakaTa prabhAva detA hai jala amRtasama, nAlikera sadbhAva / R. pR. 99 RSabha ke hastinApura Agamana para yuvarAja zreyAMsa dvArA unake rUpa kA avalokana amRta ke AsvAda se paripUrNa hai| netra ke viSaya sauMdarya kA svAdamaya citraNa abhUtapUrva hai - dekhatA apalaka rahA, pala-pala amRta AsvAda hai / rUpa aisA dRSTa mujhako, A rahA phira yAda hai / R. pR. 129 kavi ne RSabha kI 'karuNA' evaM 'kRpA dRSTi' kA citraNa 'amRta vikiraNa' se kara usake carama svarUpa ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai| zreyAMsa AhAra ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha se niravadya ikSurasa kA pAna karane ke lie nivedana karate haiM, sAtha hI ve apane bhAvanA rUpI rikta pAtra ko bhI unakI kRpA dRSTi rUpI 'amRta vikiraNa' se pUrNa kara lenA cAhate haiM - deva ! yaha niravadya hai, AhAra lo, karUNA karo bhAvanA kA pAtra khAlI, amRta-vikiraNa se bharo / R. pR. 131 RSabha ke ikSurasa pAna ko sudhArasa kI miThAsa se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| tapa se zyAma banA prabhu kA vapu, ikSu sudhArasa sikta kiyaa| R. pU. 135 RSabha ke sneha evaM prajAjanoM ke prati vAtsalya bhAva kA citraNa bhI sudhA ke AsvAda se kiyA gayA hai| RSabha to jana samAja ke lie pitA ke samAna the jo una para apane akSaya vAtsalya ko luTAte hue unakI saMpUrNa pIr3AoM kA zamana kara sneha sikta nayanoM kI amRta varSA se sabako tRpta karate the sneha sikta nayanoM se barasA, sudhA, tRpta kara dete the / R. pR. 133 manorama baMdhuprema kI smRti ko bhI svAdamayatA pradAna kI gayI hai / bharata dvArA bheje gae dUta ko apane samakSa dekhakara bAhubalI ke mAnasapaTala para bacapana kI 196

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smRti ubhara AtI hai, jisake AhlAda kI anubhUti kA AsvAdana ve amRta ke svAda ... ke rUpa meM karate hai - una dinoM kI yAda meM hI, amRta jaisA svAda hai, svAda kI anubhUti meM janu, le rahA AhlAda hai|| R.pR. 234 divya svapnoM kA bimbAMkana bhI amRtamaya svAda se kiyA gayA hai| yugala janma ke pUrva sumaMgalA kA AhlAdaka svapna, pAna kie hue amRta-pyAlA ke samAna hai| ve RSabha se kahatI haiM - bolI, maiMne dekhI svapnoM kI mAlA, isa divya nizA meM piyA amRta kA pyAlA / R.pR. 51 zreyAMsa kA svapna darzana, jisameM ve 'zyAma svarNagiri' kA abhiSeka 'payasa' se karate haiM, vaha amRta ke svAda ke samAna hai - svarNagiri zyAmala, payasa, abhiSeka kara ujjavala kiyA, svapna vaha zreyAMsa ne, dekhA amRta jaise piyaa| R.pR. 125 amRta aura viSa kA mizrita AsvAdya bimba bhI mahAkAvya meM niyojita hai| 'zAMti' aura 'azAMti' ye do zaktiyA~ samAja ko kalyANa athavA akalyANa kI ora le jAtI haiN| zAMti karma meM lIna 'pravara purodhA' kA kArya amRtavat hai to azAMtikarmA kA kArya 'grlvt'| amRta kA AsvAda garala kI saMhAraka tIkSNatA ko nirvIrya karane meM sarvathA samartha hai - zAMti karma ke pravara purodhA, ne dAyitva saMbhAlA kara detA nirvIrya garala ko, eka sudhA kA pyAlA / R.pR. 165 ratna kAkiNI kI jyoti kA AsvAdamaya citraNa abhUtapUrva hai| usa amita jyoti ke prabhAva mAtra se hI viSa kA haraNa ho jAtA hai, usakA miSTha prabhAva to amRta se bhI adhika hai - ratnakAkiNI vizva-razmidhara, amita jyoti kI dhArA, atala zakti hai viSa harane kI, kiMkara amata vicaaraa| R.pR. 169 [197]

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bharata ke aMtardvandva kA prakAzana bhI amRta aura viSa ke svAda se kiyA gayA hai / bharata socate haiM ki jisa RSabhavaMza ne samAja ko bhAI cAre kA pATha par3hAyA to kyA usI vaMza ke amRta kalaza se bhrAtR yuddha rUpI viSa kA vapana hogaa| yahA~ RSabha ke kalyANaka kArya ko amRta evaM yuddha ke sambhAvita vinAza lIlA ko 'viSa' se vyakta kiyA gayA hai kyA Aja tamasa ko vahI nimaMtraNa degA ? kyA amRta kalaza bhI kalimaya viSa ugalegA ? R. pR. 248 priya evaM kaTu vANI ke prabhAva kA varNana bhI 'amRta' va 'viSa' ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai mRdutA kaTutA zabdarAzi kI, satata taraMgita lahara huI, priya-apriya bhAvoM se AMdolita amarita yA jahara huI / R. pR. 27 priya bhAvoM ke prakAzana meM madhu AsvAda bimba kA AzrayaNa prazaMsanIya hai / vartamAna meM bhUkha pyAsa se pIr3ita muni bane RSabha ke anuyAyI atIta kI smRti ke dvArA unakI mamatA kA AsvAdana madhu ke miThAsa ke rUpa meM karate haiM vartamAna meM madhu mamatAmaya, ve atIta ke kSaNa smartavya / R. pR. 112 smRti paTala para aMkita bAlalIlA kI madhuratA kA aMkana madhu ke mIThe svAda se kiyA gayA hai| bAhubalI bacapana kI yAda karate huye bharata ke dUta se kahate haiM - bAla lIlA kI kahAnI, madhura madhu ke tulya hai / una dinoM kI una kSaNoM kI, yAda amiTa amUlya hai / -- R. pR. 236 vANI kI madhuratA kI abhivyakti bhI madhu ke AsvAdya se kI gayI hai / dUta bharata kI saMdeza sunAte hue bAhubalI se kahatA hai ki yadi mere bhAiyoM ko mere vijaya utsava kA jJAna hotA to ve mujhase dUra nahIM rahate, pratyut vinItA pahu~cakara madhura sambhASaNa karate 1409 1

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jJAta hotA to bharata se dUra saba rahate nahIM, kyA vinItA pahu~cakara, do zabda madhu kahate nahIM ? R. pR. 237 mohabhAva kA bimbAMkana bhI madhu ke svAda se kiyA gayA hai / suta, svajana parivAra kA baMdhana 'moha' kA kAraNa hai / isa moha madhu se hI bharata ke talavAra kI dhAra kuNThita ho gayI hai -- suta svajana kA moha madhu se, lipta asi kI dhAra hai / R. pU. 239 zarkarA kI miThAsa ke AsvAdamaya bimboM kA bhI citraNa 'RSabhAyaNa' meM kiyA gayA hai| yugaloM ke prAkRtika jIvana kI miSThatA kI abhivyakti miTTI evaM saritA ke mIThe jala se kI gayI hai, jisakA svAda zarkarA ke svAda se bhI anaMta gunA hai - madhura zarkarA se ananta guNa, miTTI kA rasamaya AsvAda saritA ke jala kI miThAsa meM bhI milatA usakA saMvAda | R. pR. 9 chanda zAstra ke AtmasAtIkaraNa ke lie zarkarA mizrita dugdha kA svAdamaya bamba avalokanIya hai / vidyA vikAsa ke sanbandha meM RSabha bharata se kahate haiM ki zabda siddhi kA dvAra khulane para hI chandazAstra meM pAraMgata huA jA sakatA hai chanda zAstra ho AtmasAta taba, sitA dUdha meM sahaja ghule / R. pU. 66 ikSuvAToM se paripUrNa sarasa bhUmi para rasa kA AvarSaNa isa prakAra hotA hai ki usakA kaNa-kaNa 'miThAsa' se paripUrNa ho sabakI bhAvanAoM ko madhura guNoM se ApUrita kara detA hai - sarasa bhUmi rasa kA AvarSaNa, kaNa-kaNa me saMbharita miThAsa manasa madhurimA se ApUrita, gagana-dharA-vyApI ullAsa / -- R. pR. 74 lavaNa rahita phIke svAda kA AkarSaka bimba bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 'ciMtA' kI abhivyakti sITThe yA phIke svAda se kI gayI hai / anila vega ke tIvra prahAra se bharata ke senApati kI manaHsthiti kSaNika parAjaya bodha se aisI ho gayI jaise lavaNa rahita zAka kA svAda phIkA hotA hai 199

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kSaNika parAjaya se senAnI, huA hataprabha huA avAk banA aciMtana ciMtana sArA, lavaNa rahita pattI kA shaak| R.pR. 258 'kar3ave' svAda kI bhI yojanA kavi dvArA kI gayI hai| satyavacana kI karNa kaTutA ko auSadhIya guNoM se paripUrNa 'nimba' ke kaTusvAda se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| maMtrI dvArA satya kintu karNa-kaTu na kahane para bharata use abhaya dAna dete hue kahate hai - kaTuka auSadhi priya nahIM para, kyA na hitakara niMba hai ? R.pR. 223 baira bhAva se pUrNa bharata ke senApati ke kathana ke uttara meM anilavega ne bahalIdharA ke zaurya pradarzana ko 'nIma' ke kar3ave svAda se vyakta kara usake adRzya guNoM kA prakAzana kiyA hai - labdha nIma se kar3avAhaTa hai, nahIM dRzya hai guNa kA vyUha | R.pR. 257 parama purUSa ke bimba kA udghATana bhI hitakArI nimba ke kar3ave svAda se kI gayI hai| AtmasAkSAtkAra kI sAdhanAtmaka prakriyA kaThora hotI hai kintu isa divya upalabdhi ke pazcAt vaha paramAnanda kA kAraNa bhI bana jAtI hai - mUlya bimba kA naisargika hai, kyA hai mUlyahIna pratibimba ? sabakI apanI-apanI mahimA, kaTuka kintu hitakara hai nimb| R.pR. 300 rAjanItika saMdarbha meM svAda bimba kI yatheSTa kalpanA kI gayI hai| bharata ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke zubha avasara para RSabha lokakalyANakArI rAjA ke guNadharma ko nirUpati karate hue krUra rAjA ke kArya ko janatA ke lie 'Amayakara peya' ke rUpa meM vinAzaka mAnate haiM aisA rAjA asaphala to hotA hI hai, usakA zAsana kAla bhI kSaNika hotA hai - janatA kI duvidhA miTe, zAsana kA hai dhyeya / duvidhA kI yadi vRddhi ho, vaha Amayakara peya / R.pR. 89 isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya meM vividha AsvAda paraka bimboM kA saphala udghATana sahaja bhAva bhUmi para kiyA gayA hai| --00-- 12001

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5. sparza bimba tvaka saMvedanAoM para AdhArita spardhya bimboM kA rUpAyaNa RSabhAyaNa meM pracura mAtrA meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne komala, kaThora, uSNa, zItala, cubhana Adi sparzaparaka saMvedanAoM ko rUpAyita kiyA hai| ukta saMvedanAoM kA niyojana samAna rUpa se huA hai| komala bhAvoM kI abhivyakti sumana, kisalaya Adi ke bimba se kI gaI hai| zizu kI mRdumuskAna kise prabhAvita nahIM karatI ? zizu RSabha kI mRdumuskAna ko dekhakara puSpoM meM pratispardhA kA bhAva jAgRta hone lagatA hai - mRdu muskAna nihAra, sumana meM, pratispardhA kA bhAva jgaa| R.pR. 37 zizu RSabha ke lie pitA kI goda kA AzrayaNa tathA pRthvI dvArA pradatta komala vAnaspatika zaiyyA komala sparzika bimba se paripUrNa hai - cA aMbara vizada vitAna manohara, vasudhA ne mRdu talpa diyaa| pitA goda vara vizrAmAlaya, savitA se saMkalpa liyaa| R.pR. 36 RSabha ke caraNa kI komalatA ke lie kamala upamAna kA sparzika bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bharata ko pitA ke kamalavat caraNoM kI sevA meM pUrNa AnaMdAnubhUti hotI hai :caraNakamala-rajakaNa kI sevA, detI parama prmod| R.pR. 84 sAmAjika jIvana meM yugaloM ke navapraveza kA bimbAMkana 'komala kisalaya' se kiyA gayA hai - pA~ca zreNiyoM kI racanA se, zizu-samAja ko prANa milaa| karmabhUmi ke komala kisalaya, ko Atapa se trANa milaa| R.pR. 64 zikSA ke kSetra meM nArI kA (brAhmI, sundarI) prathama pradeya tathA usakI udAratA kI abhivyakti komala hRdaya meM khile hue puSpa se kI gayI hai - lipi-gaNita kI zikSA meM, nArI ko pahalA sthAna milA, komalatama antara meM koI, parimala parivRta puSpa khilaa| R.pR. 67

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yaugika kriyA meM lIna RSabha kI sAdhanAtmaka evaM prazAMta sthiti kA bimbAkaMna zarada candra kI cA~danI meM pUrNa vikasita sukomala kamala se kiyA gayA hai bhUkha, tRSA, anubhUti alpatama, yoga-vibhUti prasAda milA, zaradacaMda kI pravara cA~danI, kamala sukomala sumana khilaa| R.pR. 115 rAjA ke rUpa meM RSabha ke cikane kezoM kI smRti bhI komala spArzika bimba se kI gayI hai - ve kahA~ cikane mRdula kaca, pavana kampita yaha jaTA ? R.pR. 120 ayodhyA ke udyAna meM virAjamAna RSabha ke AbhAmaNDala ke prabhAva se zAkhAoM ke komala patte bhI camakane lagate haiM - damaka rahA hai, camaka rahA hai, hara zAkhA kA komala prnn| R.pR. 154 mRdula 'vyavahAra' kA udghATana bhI sparza janya anubhUti se kiyA gayA hai| jyeSTha bhrAtA bharata ke rAjya vistAra se pIr3ita apane aTThAnabe putroM ko saMbodha dete hue RSabha kahate haiM ki komala vyavahAra saMvedanAoM ke AdAna pradAna kA sakSama astra hai| pArivArika kalaha kA zamana astra-zastra se nahIM apitu mRdula vyavahAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai - nijI kalaha meM kAma ne detA, putra! kahIM bhI Ayasa astr| madhura mRdula vyavahAra paraspara, saMvedana kA sakSama zastra / / R.pU. 201 bharata ke prati senApati kI vinamratA kA prakAzana bhI komala sparzika bimba se kiyA gayA hai - baddhAMjali vinayAnata mudrA, senApati mRdu svara meN| R.pR. 167 'sneha' kI anubhUti bhI komala spArzika bimba se karAI gaI hai| bharata ke dUta ko dekhakara bAhubalI ko apane bacapana kI yAda A jAtI hai ki kisa prakAra unhoMne gaja para ArUr3ha bharata kA caraNa pakar3akara unheM AkAza kI ora uchAla diyA thA, kintu bhrAtRtva prema ke kAraNa unakI komala deha yaSTi ko usI prakAra jhela liyA | 202

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- thA, jisa prakAra krIr3A meM lIna bAlaka geMda ko jhela letA hai - bAla-krIr3A nirata bAlaka, geMda jaise jheltaa| bharata ko jhelA adhara meM, sneha kI komala ltaa|| R.pR. 235 yuddha meM sUryayazA ko sammukha dekhakara prema kI pragAr3hatA ke kAraNa bAhubalI kA zastra komala dhAge ke samAna pratIta ho rahA hai - zastra banA hai komala dhAgA, ho jAo sahasA avykt| R.pR. 266 prAtaHkAlIna sUrya kI kiraNoM kA komala sparza bhI ati AnandadAyI hotA hai - dinamaNi kI svarNima kiraNoM ne kiyA dharA kA komala sprsh| R.pa. 190 komalatA ke atirikta kaThoratA ke AdhAra para bhI spardhya bimboM kA nirmANa kavi ne kiyA hai| yugala nara zizu ke sira para tAlaphala ke AghAta ko vaja kI kaThoratA se vyakta kiyA gayA hai - suI samaya kI ghUmI sahasA, eka tAlaphala TUTa girA, vajAhata sA nara zizu kA sira, Aja huI hai mauna giraa| R.pR. 39 yuddha meM bharata ke cakraprahAra se surakSita rahane ke lie anilavega dvArA vidyAbala se vinirmita surakSA kavaca kI abhedya kaThoratA ko vaz2a kI kaThoratA se bimbita kiyA gayA hai - vidyAbala se kiyA vinirmita, sRdRr3ha vajrapaMjara abhiraam| mAna sarakSA-kavaca vihaga ne, liyA abhaya bana kara vishraam| R.pra. 261 bharata, bAhubalI ke dvandva yuddha kI ghoSaNA se bahalIzvara kI senA vijaya ke prati Azvasta hai, kyoMki bAhubalI kI bhujA vaja ke samAna kaThora evaM zaktizAlI hai - harSita bahalIzvara kI senA, aba nizcita hai vijayollAsa svAmI kA hai bAhu vajamaya, viphala banegA bharata pryaas| R.pR. 272 1203

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- putra ke kuzala kSema ke prati vyAkula mA~ marUdevA kI AzaMkita manaH sthiti dekhane yogya hai| ve bharata se kahatI haiM ki padatrANa vihIna vicaraNa karate hue RSabha ke mArga meM prastara khaNDa hoNge| sUrya ke pracaNDa tApa se dharatI bhI tapatI hogI, yaha kaThora dharatI hI usakI zaiyyA hogI, bhalA isa sthiti meM use nIMda kaise AegI? yahA~ bIhar3a mArga kI jaTilatA, pracaNDatApa se tApita dharatI kI uSNatA evaM zaiyyA ke rUpa meM usakI kaThoratA kA udghATana nimnalikhita rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai - padatrANa nahIM caraNoM meM, patha meM hoMge prastara khaMDa, tapatI dharatI, tapatI bAlU, hogA ravi kA tApa pracaMDa, bhUmI zayyA, vahI bichaunA, nIMda kahAM se AegI, rAtri-jAgaraNa karatA hogA, smRti vismRti bana jaaegii| R.pR. 148-149 hRdaya kI kaThoratA ko bhI patthara kI kaThoratA se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| bAhubalI ke pAsa dUta bhejane ke prakrama meM bharata ciMtana karate haiM ki kyA unake dvArA dUta-bhejanA ucita thA ? usa samaya unakA kalejA patthara ke samAna kaThora kyoM ho gayA thaa| AtmanirIkSaNa karate huye bharata socate hai ki - kyA ucita anuja ke pAsa dUta ko bhejA ? kyoM banA na jAne prastara tulya kalejA / R.pR. 245 kaThoratA evaM komalatA kA mizrita bimba bhI mahAkAvya meM niyojita hai| bharata dvArA aTThAnabe bhAIyoM ko bheje gae saMdeza meM sevAbhAva ko komala sumana kA 'talpa' tathA raNabhUmi ko kAMToM ke tAja se vyakta kiyA gayA hai - sevA meM yadi mana kI kuMThA, phira raNabhUmi apara vikalpa, kAMToM kA kyoM tAja kAmya ho, sevA mRdula sumana kA tlp| R.pR. 192 bharata para muSTi prahAra ke pazcAt bAhubalI jahA~ apanI 'muSTikA' ko vaja ke samAna kaThora kahate haiM, vahIM nirmala saroja ke samAna komala bhI - baMdho ! muSTi nilaya hai bala kI , dekhoM usameM kitanA oja, vajAdapi yaha ati kaThora hai, komala jaise amala sroj| R.pR. 280 [204]

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komalatA aura uSNatA kA eka sAtha niyojana bhI sarAhanIya hai| RSabha ke adarzana ke anutApa se ubala rahA bAhubalI kA mana jahAM uSNatA kI anubhUti karAtA hai vahIM saciva kI madhuravANI komalatA kA bhI paricaya detI hai - bAhubalI kA karUNa vilApa, ubala rahA mana kA anutApa bolA mRdu vaca saciva sudhIra, kyoM prabhu itane Aja adhIra ? R.pR. 139 isI sandarbha meM saciva kI mRduvANI ko jalakaNa kI zItalatA evaM bAhubalI kI vyagratA ko dugdha ke uphAna kI uSNatA se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| uphanatA huA dugdha jala ke chIMTe se zAMta ho jAtA hai - tapta dUdha meM eka uphAna, huA saciva vaca jala-kaNa pAna / bAhubalI aMtar-AlAda, pahu~ca gayA apane prAsAda | R.pR. 140 RSabha kI snigdha madhura vANI kI divya anubhUti jalada ke zItala jala ke sparza se kI gayI hai - snigdha madhura mRda prabhu kI vANI, zItala jalada amRta upmaan| R.pR. 198 badale ke bhAva se unmatta bharata para prANaghAtaka AghAta ke lie vyAkula bAhubalI kA krodha devatAoM kI madhuravANI se vaise hI zAnta ho gayA jaise uphanatA huA dugdha jala kaNa ke prabhAva se zAnta ho jAtA hai - salila bindu se sikta dugdha kA, zAnta ho gayA sahaja uphaan| zAMta huA Aveza jaTilatama, sphurita huA ciMtana amlAna / / R.pR. 288 virodhI sparya anubhUtiyoM ke citraNa meM AcArya mahAprajJa kI gahana dRSTi kA paricaya milatA hai| zItalatA aura uSNatA kA saMgama abhUtapUrva hai| yuddha kI dAhakatA ko 'agni' tathA tyAga vRtti ko jala ke 'zItala' guNadharma se vyakta kiyA gayA hai - yuddha kI isa agni ko yaha, tyAga-nIra bujhA skegaa| R.pR. 290 krodha evaM madhura vANI kA dAhaka va zItala sparza paraka vimbAnkana bhI kavi ne kiyA hai| bAlapana meM jaba bharata bAhubalI ke pRSTha bhAga para muSTi ghAta kara bhAga hori

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jAte haiM, taba badale kI bhAvanA se krodhAgni meM jalate huye bAhubalI bhI pratighAta karanA cAhate hai, kintu unakI krodhAgni pitA kI madhura vANI rUpI zItala jaladhArA se zAnta ho jAtI hai - kara pRSThabhAga meM muSThi-ghAta mai daur3A, . pratighAta hetu jaba bhAI ne mu~ha mor3A / usa mahAvani para zItala jala kI dhArA, barasA kara prabhu ne mujhako sahaja ubArA / R.pR. 246 mAnava prakRti kI Antarika evaM bAhya dazA kA udghATana bhI 'vaizvAnara' ke dAhaka va jala ke 'zItala' sparza se kiyA gayA hai mAnava duniyA kA hai sundaratama prANI, AkRti darzana se janmI hai yaha vaannii| vijJAna prakRti kA kahatA amara kahAnI, bhItara vaizvAnara Upara-Upara paanii| R.pR. 250 mahAkAvya meM zItaloSNa bimboM ke atirikta uSNa paraka bimboM kI bhI bahulatA hai| divyAstra ratnakAkiNI kI prakhara jyoti 'arcimaya' (ciMgArI) dhAge ke samAna pratIta hotI hai ratnakAkiNI ke Alekhana, bane arcimaya dhaage| R.pR. 170 Akroza evaM ahaMkAra ko dAhaka sparzajanya saMvedanA se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| bharata se yuddha ke lie tatpara nami aura vinAmi kahate haiM ki ahaMkAra ke vazIbhUta yuddhonmAda ke dAvAnala meM bAndhava prema kI kezara-kyArI jhulasa jAtI hai - apanI svataMtratA lagatI sabako pyArI, kyA dAvAnala meM khilatI kezara kyArI? R.pR. 180 jyeSTha mAsa kI dAhaka sparzAnubhUti se mAyAmoha se grasta tathA sAMsArika bhAvanAoM se tapta mana kI dAhakatA kI anubhUti nimna paMktiyoM meM darzanIya hai - jeTha mAsa kI tapI dupaharI, tapta dhUli dharatI bhI tpt| tapta pavana kA tapA huA tana, mana kaise ho tadA atatpa | R.pR. 198 1206

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prabala evaM zaktisampanna vyaktitva kA dAhaka sparthyajanya anubhUti bhI darzanIya hai| dUta bAhubalI se kahatA hai - dhairya hai samrATa kA jo, saha rahA hai Apako, saha na sakatA zakti-vikalita, nara hutAzana tApa ko| R.pR. 240 araNya meM utpanna prathamAgni ke sparza se yugaloM ke hAtha jhulasa jAte haiMdekhA yugaloM ne taijasa kA arpaNa hai, utsuka ho chUne Age hAtha bar3hAe dava-anala-dAha se alasAe jhulasAe / R.pR. 58 zakra se bhI lohA le sakane meM samartha cakrI senA ke zaurya kA bimbAMkana 'tApa' kI sparzAnubhUti se karAyA gayA hai - cakrI senA kA tApa kauna saha sakatA? yaha cakra zakra se bhI lohA le sktaa| R.pR. 247 lobha vRtti agni ke samAna dAhaka hotI hai| isase vyakti kA sAmAjika patana to hotA hI hai, vaha svayaM apanA aura dUsaroM kA sarvanAza kara detA hai| yahA~ sabala yugaloM ke atikramaNa se upajI lobheSaNA ko agni kI dAhaka sparza bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai - para vRkSoM para adhikAra jamAnA cAhA, isa lobha-agni meM saba kucha hotA svAhA / R.pR. 21 tIkSNa vANI ke prabhAva se hRdaya meM hone vAlI pIr3A kI anubhUti 'tIra kI cubhana' se vyaMjita kI gayI hai| tIkhe zabdoM ke bANa lohe ke bANa se bhI adhika marmabedhaka hote haiM - 1. tIkhe zabdoM ke tIra paraspara pAtI, jo vIMdha DAlate binA loha ke chaatii| R.pR. 251 2. tIra vacana kA loha-tIra se, adhika bIMdha detA hai mrm| R.pa. 254 2071

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.. senApati dvArA choTI senA ke jItane tathA bar3I senA ke hArane ke kathana kI anubhUti bharata putra sUryayazA ko tIra ke cubhana ke samAna hotI hai| yahA~ senApati ke 'vacana bANa' sUryayazA ke lie (mana ko 'Ahata' karane vAlA) pIr3A dAyaka hai - apanepana kA moha udita hai, athavA kAyaratA kA jAla ? jIta rahI hai choTI senA, hAra rahA hai sainya vishaal| R.pR. 263 vacana tIra se Ahata mAnasa, bolA sUryayazA uddaam| R.pR. 263 spAnubhUti dvArA bhAvoM kA udghATana kaThina hotA hai, jisameM kavi ko pUrNarUpeNa saphalatA milI hai| --00-- | 208

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(6) ekala aindrika bimba ... ekala bimba apane meM svataMtra aura anya bimboM ke pUrvA para saMbaMdhoM se mukta hote haiM sarala bimba ekala hote haiN| isa prakAra ke bimboM meM spaSTatA hotI hai| yadi dekhA jAya to sabhI bimboM kA samAhAra kisI na kisI rUpa meM aindriya paraka bimboM meM hotA hai| dRzya bimba sarala bhI ho sakatA hai aura saMzliSTa rUpa meM bhI apanI abhivyakti de sakatA hai| sarala anubhUti ke AdhAra para sarala athavA ekala bimba nirmita hote haiN| RSabhAyaNa meM bUMda, bAdala, lahara, nirjhara, vanaspati, pazu, sUrya, maNi, vidyuta, mUrti, pakSI, tArA, cIvara, yogI, mIna Adi kA ekala bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai - yaugalika samAja meM kulakara vyavasthA ke sAtha vyaktivAdI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA, vimalavAhana isa vyavasthA ke pahale kulakara hue| janasahayoga se vyavasthA kA saMpUrNa prabhAra unameM hI samAhita huA, vyaktivAdI isa dhAraNA kI abhivyakti dUrvA kI noka para camakatI huyI osa kI bUMda se kI gaI hai - ekachatratA vyaktivAda kI, dUrvA ke sira jaise bindu| R.pR. 20 kulakara vyavasthA ke pazcAt yugaloM ke naisargika jIvana kA samApana evaM nItiyoM se Abaddha navajIvana kA prAraMbha huaa| isa navajIvana kI abhivyakti svaccha AsamAna meM chAe hue bAdaloM ke ekala bimba se kI gayI hai - navayuga kA nava jIvana Akasmika AyA, jaise nirabhra aMbara meM bAdala chaayaa| R.pR. 22 'AzaMkA' bhAva kI abhivyakti kI 'bAdala' se kI gayI hai| RSabha sunandA ke vivAha ke prati yugaloM ke mana meM uTha rahI AzaMkA ko bAdala ke ekala bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ kavi kI TippaNI dekhane yogya hai - yaha niyama nisargaja, navya paristhiti AtI taba-taba AzaMkA bAdala bana maMDarAtI / R.pR. 49 RSabha ke rAjA banane ke pazcAt hI rAjataMtrIya zAsana praNAlI kA sUtrapAta huaa| unhoMne rAjyavyavasthA ke saMcAlana hetu vividha zreNiyoM kI sthApanA 209]

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kii| rAjya vyavasthA kI isa vikendrita zAsana paddhati ko gaganakhaNDa meM phaile hue bAdaloM ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai - savayA sama adhikAra prApta jana, zreNI prajJApita 'rAjanya' banI vikendrita zAsana-paddhati, gaganakhaNDa meM jyoM prjny| R.pR. 70 atikramaNa ke lie 'lahara' kA bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai| abhAva se grasta yugaloM ke atikramaNa kA bimbAkaMna kAma vAsanA se udvelita usa vyakti se kiyA gayA hai jo saMpUrNa sAmAjika maryAdAoM kA ullaghaMna karane meM saMcamAtra saMkoca nahIM krtaa| atikramaNa kA daura calA ati, TUTa gayA saMcita sNbhaag| kAmavIci se udvelita jana, detA jyoM lajjA ko tyaag|| R.pR. 27 janma aura mRtyu kA Arekhana sAgara meM uThatI miTatI lahara tathA 'jalatI-bujhatI' bAtI se kiyA gayA hai lahara siMdhu meM uThatI-miTatI, phira uThatI phira miTa jaatii| janma-mRtyu kI yahI kahAnI, jalatI-bujhatI hai baatii| R.pR. 42 asamaya mRtyu kI saMtrAsamayI saMvedanA se prabhAvita manaHsthiti kA udghATana bhI kavi ne saMvedya vanaspati 'chuI muI' ke bimba se kiyA hai| narazizu kI asAmayika mRtyu ko dekhakara usake mAtApitA kI mano dazA vaise hI ho gayI jaise sparzamAtra se 'chuImuI kumhalA jAtI hai - kAla mRtyu se paricita thA yuga, asamaya mRtyu kabhI na huI, prazna rahA hogA asamAhita, banI manaHsthiti chuI muii| R.pR. 41 mRtyu ke lie 'nidrA' kA bimba sahaja hI prayukta huA hai| mRtyu kI ciranidrA meM soe hue apane bhAI ko chor3akara sunandA kabhI na mila pAne kI vyathA se usa sthAna se anyatra jAnA nahIM cAhatI - calo sunandA ! kahA yugala ne, bolI, kaise jAe~ge ? bhAI nidrA kI mudrA meM, phira na kahIM mila pAe~ge ? R.pR. 41 | 210

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mauna manaH sthiti ke lie 'zAMta siMdhu' kA dRzya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| senApati se apanI senA kI parAjaya sunakara bhI bharata zAMta samudra kI bhAMti gaMbhIra dikhAI dete hai| zAMta - sindhu sA mauna bharata nRpa, ciMtana kI mudrA abhirAma / R. pU. 263 hAratI huI senA ke lie jala se nirvAsita mIna kA bimba parAjaya bodha kI chaTapaTAhaTa se paripUrNa hai / zaktizAlI yoddhAoM se susajjita bAhubalI kI senA ke samakSa divya astroM se rakSita hAratI huyI bharata kI balazAlI senA kI sthiti vaise hI ho jAtI hai jaise jala se viyukta machalI / bahalIzvara kI senA apane, balazAlI subhaToM se piin| aura hamArI senA prabhuvara! hai jala se nirvAsita mIna / R. pR. 262 osa, lahara, sAgara ke atirikta 'nirjhara' kA bhAvAtmaka bimba bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ye jalIya bimba bhAvoM kI vividha paratoM kA mocana karate haiM / AhAra I ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha ko hastinApura meM dekhakara unake prati janamAnasa ke mRdubhAva nirmala nirjhara kI taraha pravAhita hone lage alakha padayAtrI dazA meM, laga rahe the ve nae, bhAvanA kA vimala nirjhara, jana-manasa meM baha calA / R. pR. 127 pitA ke dvArA rAjyatyAga se vyathita bharata kI karuNa pukAra kA marmabhedI dRzya bhI nirjhara ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai - bharatezvara ke svara meM karUNA, rasa ne vara nirjhara rUpa liyA / R. pR. 104 vanaspatiyoM ke svabhAva aura guNadharma ke anurUpa ekala bimboM kI mukharatA ke paryApta udAharaNa bhI mahAkAvya meM milate haiM 211 rAjanItika saMdarbha meM vAnaspati bimba apanA gaharA artha dete haiM / amarabela se AcchAdita vRkSa ke dRzya se jahA~ 'dhikkAra' yogya zoSaka kA bimba ubharA hai, vahIM niraMkuza zAsaka kI zoSaNa vRtti kA ghAtaka rUpa bhI vyakta huA hai

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1. amarabela ne ArohaNa kara, kiyA vRkSa kA zoSa vaha kaisA prANI jo karatA, para-zoSaNa, nija poss| R.pR. 80 janatA ke kaMdhe para car3hakara, calane kA adhikAra na ho, sahajIvana meM amarabela bana, phalane kA adhikAra na ho| R.pR. 89 manuja mahatvAkAMkSI para, para nija adhikAra jmaataa| amarabela-sA zoSaka para kI, sattA para itthlaataa| R.pR. 162 bandhu bAndhavoM se virahita bharata ke jIvana ko zAkhAhIna vRkSa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bharata svayaM AtmAlocana karate hue isakA anubhava bhI karate hai - bharata ! tumhArA kaisA jIvana, tarUvara jaise zAkhA hiin| R.pR. 211 bhAvoM ke vividha bimba puSpoM ke dvArA bhI vyakta hue haiN| 'aprApti' ke lie ambara puSpa kA kalpita bimba sArthaka hai| bhikSA lAbha ke lie nagara meM cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha ke manobhAvoM ko janamAnasa (samAja) dvArA na samajhane ke kAraNa bhikSA, lAbha unake lie ambara puSpa kI bhA~ti anupalabdha banA rahA - kintu bhikSAlAbha aMbara, puSpa bana phalatA rhaa| R.pR. 119 samAdhistha RSabha ke samakSa rAjya ke lie nami-vinami kI vyartha abhyarthanA kI abhivyakti 'kAntAra-kusuma' ke bimba se kI gayI hai - kAntAra-kusumavata vyartha arthanA sArI, pala bhara meM kaise khilatI kesara kyArI ? R.pR. 122 svapna ke saMdarbha meM zreyAsa, somayaza aura zreSThivarya ke harSollAsa se paripUrNa mukhamaNDala kI AbhA kA aMkana pUrNa vikasita kamalake bimba se kiyA gayA hai - rAja-saMsada meM sahaja hI, svapna draSTA saba mile| harSa se utphulla Anana, kamala avikala the khile| R.pR. 126 mana,vANI, karma se pavitra cAritra kI nirmalatA ke lie bhI kamala kA bimba prayukta huA hai| tapa japa ko jIvana kA aMtima lakSya mAnane vAlI sundarI ke caritra 212

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..... kA AkhyAna niyogI 'kamalopama' ke kathana se karatA hai - kSamA karo he bhAgini devate ! kamalopama tava amala caritra / R.pR. 210 vividha bhAvoM ke sRjana ke lie pazupakSiyoM kA bimba bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ekAkI jIvana ke lie yUtha bhraSTa hariNI ke bimba kI saTIka yojanA kI gayI hai| nara zizu kI mRtyu ke pazcAt zoka saMtapta nirAvalamba sunandA akele vaise hI vicaraNa kara rahI hai jaise apane samUha se cyuta mRgI idhara-udhara bhaTakatI rahatI hai - yUthabhraSTa jaise hariNI ho, ekala hI vaha ghUma rhii| hue agocara sabhI sahAre, AMkha zUnya ko cUma rahI / R.pR. 42 raNakSetra meM vidyAdhara mitaketu dvArA bharataputra zArdUla ko nAgapAza se bA~dhane kI kriyA ko piMjare meM baMda 'siMha' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai - nAgapAza se bAMdhA pala meM, paMjara meM jaise shaarduul| R.pR. 264 gArUr3I vidyAbala ke prabhAva se nAgapAza se mukta zArdUla sugati para AkramaNa kara usakA ziroccheda vaise hI kara dete haiM jaise vAjapakSI vihagoM para jhapaTakara usakA prANAnta kara detA hai - jhapaTA jaise bAja vihaga para, kiyA sugati ke sira kA ched| R.pR.264 bharata ke parAkrama kA pradarzana bhI 'bAja' pakSI ke AkramaNa se kiyA gayA hai| apanI senA ke palAyana se rUSTa bharata, anilavega ke parAkrama se rakSita bAhubalI kI senA para usI prakAra se AkramaNa karate haiM, jaise bAja pakSI kapota para AkramaNa karatA hai - anilavega kI anuzreNI meM, jhapaTA pArApata para bAja / R.pR. 261 mA~ kI mamatA ke prati putra kI niSThuratA kA citraNa haMsa ke usa navodita zizu se kiyA gayA hai, jo paMkha nikalate hI mA~ kA sAtha chor3a detA hai mAtA kI AMkhoM meM AMsU, putra niThura ho jAte haiN| vismRta mA~ kA poSa haMsa zizu, paMkha uge ur3a jAte haiN| R.pR. 149 2131

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Ayudha zAlA meM Akasmika cakraratna kI utpatti se bharata ke ullAsa bhAva kA citraNa bhI navodita paMkha se maNDita ur3ane ke lie vihavala 'khaga - zAvaka' se kiyA gayA hai - pulakita tana mana ke aNu - aNu meM, gauravamaya ullAsa jagA / ur3ane ko Atura khaga- zAvaka, nayA-nayA jyoM paMkha ugA / / R. pU. 151 bhAvoM ke sRjana meM kavi ne sUrya, tArA, vidyuta kA bhI bimba nirmita kiyA hai| pakSapAta vihIna kulakara ke kArya kA mUlyAMkana saMpUrNa prakRti ko niSpakSa prakAza dAna karane meM rata sUrya ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai ho pakSapAta ajJAta dharma kulakara kA kevala prakAza kA prasara kAma dinakara kA / R. pR. 21 yuddha meM siMhavarNa ke prahAra se kSatavikSata bharata ke senApati ko citraNa asamaya meM astAcalagAmI sUrya ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai - hata-prahata kSata-vikSata hokara lauTA senApati kA yAna | mAno asamaya meM dinamaNi kA huA pratIcI meM prasthAna / / R. pU. 260 - kevala jJAna upalabdhi ke pazcAt purimatAla ke zakaTAnana udyAna meM RSabha ke darzana hetu upasthita agaNita sura naroM kA bimbAMkana nabha meM prakAzamAna tAroM se kiyA gayA hai - purimatAla ke zakaTAnana meM, prabhuvara RSabha padhAre haiM, ekatrita haiM anagina sura-nara, nabha meM jitane tAre haiN| R. pR. 150 sunaMdA aura RSabha ke vivAha ke saMdarbha meM vismaya, kautuhala evaM autsukya se paripUrNa yugaloM ke hRdaya meM uThane vAle vividha praznoM kA bimbAMkana AkAza meM kauMdhane vAlI bijalI se kiyA gayA hai Azcarya kutuhUla utsukatA jana-jana meM, praznoM kI bijalI kauMdha rahI hai mana meM / 214 R. pR. 49

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.... ratnoM ke guNadharma ke anurUpa bhI bimba prastuta kie gae haiN| zaraNAgata ke uddhAra ke lie pArasamaNi kA bimba niyojita hai| yugalagaNa sunaMdA ko putravadhU ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane ke lie nAbhi se prArthanA karate haiM - anunaya vinaya hamArA prabhuvara ! bAlA Aja zaraNya bne| pArasamaNi kA sparza prApta kara, miTTI puNya hiraNya bne| R.pR. 44 saghana tamistrA ko harane meM samartha jyotirmaya ratnakAkiNI kA guNadharma bhI pArasamaNi ke ekala bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pArasa ke sparzamAtra se hI lohA svarNamaya ho jAtA hai - ratna kAkiNI usakA kaNa-kaNa, jyortimaya kara degii| pArasa kA pA sparza loha kI, kAyA kI badalegI / / R.pR. 170 sabhI cintAoM kA zamana karane meM samartha ciMtAmaNi kA bimba bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| janasamudAya dvArA AhAra ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha kI upasthiti kA aMkana 'ciMtAmaNi' ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai - dhanya haiM hama ratna, cintAmaNi aho pratyakSa hai, yaha pratIkSA meM khar3A, jaise susajjita kakSa hai| R.pR. 127 zikSA ke samucita vikAsa kA citraNa 'vaiDUryamaNi' ke Alambana se kiyA gayA hai| zabda, laya, alaMkaraNa se samanvita zikSA hI saMpUrNa vADmaya ko vaiDUryamaNi kI bhA~ti prakAzita kara sakatI hai - vAGamaya kI zikSA vikasita ho, zabda-siddhi, laya kA mAdhurya alaMkaraNa, yaha tripada samanvita, banatA vAGmaya kA vaidduury| R.pR. 66 sambandhaparaka bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie 'dhAgA' kA bhI bimbAMkana kiyA gayA hai| nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM janma aura mRtyu kI rekhAe~ spaSTa huyI hai - thI antyeSTi-kriyA anajAnI, unake caraNa bar3he aage| jur3ate aura TUTate Ae, saMbaMdhoM ke ye dhaage| R.pR. 42 [215]

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... mAyA, moha, mamatA ke baMdhana ke lie bhI komala dhAge kA bimba prastuta .. * kiyA gayA hai| mamatA kA tyAga kie binA koI bhI vyakti sAdhanA ke patha para agrasara nahIM ho sktaa| RSabha ciMtana karate hai - mamatA ke komala dhAgoM se, banatA manuja samAja mamatA kI ati hI karatI hai, mAnava mana para rAja toDUM mamatA kA taTabaMdha, jisase banatA sanayana aNdh| R.pR. 82 ukta bimboM ke atirikta bhI anya ekala bimboM kI racanA huyI hai| jaise - indriyoM ke vazIbhUta svecchAcArI zAsaka ke lie 'aMkahIna zUnya'(1) kA bimba, sacivoM dvArA susaMcAlita maMgalakArI rAjyavyavasthA ke lie 'zrIyaMtra 7) kA bimba, jar3avata cetanA ke lie mUrti kA bimba, RSabha ke adarzana se vyAkula bAhubalI kI ciMtA ke lie 'vAtUla (G) kA bimba, girijanoM kI sahAyatA meM tatpara meghamukha kI haThadharmitA ke lie 'cIvara (1) kA bimba, himAlaya kI donoM zreNiyoM ke lie 'vanitA ke veNI baMdhana) kA bimba, kRSi kArya meM vyasta kRSakoM ke lie 'siddha yogI (7) kA bimba tathA vidyA vikAsa ke lie 'kAmadhenu (10) kA bimb| isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa mahAkAvya meM ekala bimboM kA vistAra dekhA jA sakatA hai| --00-- 216]

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.. 7. saMzilaSTa aindrika bimba saMzilaSTa kA Azaya hai jur3A huA, milA huA athavA mishrit| isameM aneka bimba paraspara sambaddha rahate haiN| mizra tathA samAkalita bimba saMzilaSTa hote haiN|11) kucha AlocakoM ne ise khaNDita(12) bimba kI saMjJA dI hai| to kucha ne ise sAvayava bimba(13) aMtargata mAnA hai| vastutaH kavitA meM kavi dvArA vividha saMvedanAoM ke mUrtikaraNa hetu mizrita rUpa meM aneka bimboM kI upasthApanA kI jAtI hai, jo apanA aindriya paraka artha dete haiN| saMvedanAoM ko jAgRta karane meM dRzya, sparya, gaMdha, AsvAda evaM zabda paraka bimboM kI aham bhUmikA hotI hai| kavi ina saMvedanAoM meM jitanI gaharI DUbakI lagAtA hai utanA hI adhika vaha saMgata bimba prastuta karatA hai| aneka vargoM meM vibhakta sabhI bimboM kA tirobhAva kisI na kisI rUpa meM aindriya paraka bimboM meM hotA hai| prayoga evaM aindriya, svabhAva ke anurUpa yadi koI bimba kahIM dRzyatA kI anubhUti karAtA hai to anya sthala para sparzabodha athavA svAdendriya saMvedanA ko pragAr3ha karatA hai| RSabhAyaNa meM vasaMta, yuddha, manobhAva, Adi ke pariprekSya meM vividha bimba nirmita hue haiN| vasaMta varNana ke aMtargata prakRti janya manorama bimba gaMdha, dRzya evaM AsvAdya saMvedanA kA milAjulA rUpa prastuta karate haiM, jaise - surabhita upavana kA hara konA, vihasita puSpa parAga, rAga jhAMkatA pUrNa yuvA bana, mIlitanayana virAga, AyA madhumaya vara madhumAsa, kaNa-kaNa mukhara vasaMta vilaas| R.pR. 77 ukta udAharaNa meM surabhita upavana, viha~sita puSparAga, rAga kA pUrNa yuvA ke rUpa meM jhA~kane kI sthiti tathA madhumaya madhumAsa, gaMdha, dRzya evaM AsvAdya saMvedanA ko anubhUti gamya banAte haiN| vasaMta kA amita prabhAva bhI saMzliSTa rUpa meM vyakta huA hai| vasaMta ke kAraNa sukhaM saritA me AkaMTha nimagna janamAnasa kA premAnanda, madhumaMthara gati se pravahamAna pavana kA lAsya aura prasphuTita puSpoM se hAsya kI vyaMjanA prAkRtika paTala para mAnavIya kriyAoM kA saMzliSTa citra nirmita karatI hai - 12171

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sukha kI saritA meM sAre jana, hai AkaMTha nimamna nava rasa meM zrRMgAra prathama rasa, raja kaNa pada saMlagna pavanerita parvoM meM lAsya, prasphuTa puSpa-prakara meM hAsya / R. pR. 79 takSazilA ke udyAna kI manoharatA, sAdhanA meM rata RSabha kI sthiti tathA AtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa bhI saMzliSTa rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| samavasaraNa meM Atmastha RSabha pratimA sadRzya AtmasAdhanA meM lIna haiN| AtmA kA svarUpa virATa bhI hai laghu bhI hai| yahA~ AtmA kI virATatA ke lie 'sAgara' tathA usakI laghuta ke lie 'mIna' kA bimba prayukta huA hai / 'mIna' kA AzrayaNa 'sAgara' hai / sAgara se mIna kI vilagatA jIvana kI zUnyatA hai aura sAgara se mIna kI ekarUpatA AtmA se AtmA kA cira saMbaMdha hai| nimna udAharaNa meM vATikA kI dRzyatA RSabha kI sAdhanAtmaka sthiti tathA AtmA ke sUkSma rUpa kA sthUla mUrttana dekhane yogya hai - harita vATikA vRta udyAna, ujjavala AbhA taru amlAna, RSabha samavasRta pratimAlIna, AtmA arNava AtmA mIna / R. pR. 137 kavi ne adarzana se anutapta manodazA kA aMkana bhI kiyA hai| pitRdarzana se vaMcita bAhubalI ke mana ke anutApa kA 'ubAla' uSNatA kI anubhUti se pUrNa hai, to saciva kI mRduvANI komalatA se / yadi pitR darzana kI pyAsa meM adarzana kI AkulatA samAhita hai to unake adhairyajanya ciMtana meM vAtUla kA dRzya bhI gocara hotA haiM / isa prakAra bAhubalI ke karUNa vilApa meM dhvani bimba, mana ke anutApa ke ubAla tathA saciva kI mRduvANI meM sparzya va ciMtana ke vAtUla meM gatija bimba ke sahaprayoga se saMzliSTa bimba kI yojanA huI haiM / bAhubalI kA karUNa vilApa, ubala rahA mana kA anutApa, bolA mRdu vaca saciva sudhIra, kyoM prabhu itane Aja adhIra ? takSazilA meM prabhu AvAsa, ciMtana bujhI nahIM darzana kI pyAsa yahI vedanA kA hai mUla, ciMtana kA uThatA vAtUla / R. pR. 139 kahIM-kahIM kavi ne eka hI bhAva dazA ke lie alaga-alaga upamAnoM kA bimbapa prastuta kiyA hai| udyAna se prasthAna kara cuke RSabha ke lie 'vaiDUrya' evaM 218

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'sUrya' kA bimba nirmita kiyA gayA hai jisase unake AbhAmaNDala kI tejomayatA vyakta hotI haiM / RSabha ke prasthAna ke pazcAt udyAnapAla bAhubalI se kahatA hai ki deva ! na dekheMge do sUrya, nahIM sulabha aba vaha vaiDUrya eka sUrya kA nabha meM yAna, apara sUrya kA taba prasthAna | R. pR. 138 I vyakti kI udAsInatA aura prasannatA ke lie bhI mizrita bimba prayukta hue haiN| bharata ke ayodhyA Agamana ke pazcAt harSita janatA unakA svAgata palaka pA~var3e bichAkara karatI hai / bharata ke darzana mAtra se hI unakI patharAI A~khoM meM jIvana kI navIna lahareM taraMgAyita ho hRdaya rUpI strotAsvinI ke pravAha se ullAsa bhAva kA bimba prastuta karatI haiN| isa prakAra nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM dRzya evaM gatija bimba kA mizrita rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai kara paMtha pAra druta purI ayodhyA Ae thI khar3I huI janatA smita nayana bichAe patharAI AMkhoM meM navajIvana laharI. aMtasa kI saritA huI pravAhita gaharI / - R. pR. 186 vANI evaM usake masRNa prabhAva kI abhivyakti bhI saMzliSTa rUpa meM kI gaI hai / zaraNAgata putroM ko sambodha de rahe RSabha kI vANI snigdha madhura aura mRdu hai / unakI vANI kI zItalatA jalada ke samAna zItala tathA amRta ke samAna miSTha hai / adhyAtma loka meM praveza kara rahe putroM ke usa navajIvana ko navodita aMkura, prANa kI saMjIvanI zakti ko pavana tathA udaka ke bimba se vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ AsvAdya, sparzya evaM dRzya bimba kA milAjulA rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai -- 219 snigdha madhura mRdu prabhu kI vANI, zItala jalada amRta upamAna, navajIvana ke nava aMkura ko, prANa pavana banatA udapAna / R. pR. 198 cunautI pUrNa kathyoM ke lie dRzya aura AsvAdya paraka bimba mizrita rUpa meM niyojita hue | avijita bAhubalI ke sambandha meM bharata se maMtrI kA yaha kathana ki zeSa saba nRpa bindu kevala eka hai rekhA vahI' isa bAta ko darzAtA hai ki zakti meM bAhubalI rekhA ke samAna asIma hai kintu zeSa saba nRpa binduvata haiM, nirbala

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haiM / sarvajita kI pada pratiSThA kevala saMkalpa se kI jA sakatI hai| saMkalpa to suvAsita cUrNa ke samAna hai / saMkalpa ke lie suvAsita cUrNa kA AsvAda paraka bimba saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA ko hI vyakta karatA hai (14) pariveza sthiti kA aMkana bhI vividha bimboM ke sAhacarya se kiyA gayA hai / zakuni pakSiyoM kA kalarava, vAyu ke dvArA suvAsita gaMdha kA prasAra, komala kisalaya kI chaTA, kheta khalihAnoM meM kAryarata kRSakoM para sAdhanArata siddha yogI kA AropaNadhvani, sparza, gaMdha evaM dRzya bimba se saMpRkta hai / bahalI deza meM praveza karate hI dUta kI anubhUti kA parivezagata bimba nimna udAharaNa meM draSTavya hai zakuni gaNa kA maMju kalarava, zvAsa parimala kA liyA, svAgataM bahalI dharA para, mRdula kisalaya ne kiyA, kRSaka nija-nija kheta meM, khalihAna meM saMlagna haiM, siddha yogI bhAvanAmaya, sAdhanA meM magna haiM / R. pR. 230 ciMtana se Akula tathA usa AkulatA se mukti ke lie bimba bhI kavi ne prastuta kiyA haiM / bAhubalI ke pAsa saMdeza preSaNa se vyathita bharata socate haiM ki usa samaya unakA hRdaya patthara ke samAna kaThora kyoM ho gayA ? yadi usake sthAna para vAtsalya kI jaladhArA pravAhita huI hotI to nizcita hI usase bAhubalI ke hRdaya meM vinamratA kI bela pallavita hotI / isa prakAra yahA~ sparzya, dRzya evaM gatija bimba kA milA-julA rUpa niyojita hai -- kyA ucita anuja ke pAsa dUta ko bhejA ? kyoM banA na jAne prastara tulya kalejA ? vAtsalya salila kI dhArA yadi baha jAtI to vinaya-bela kA abhisiMcana kara pAtI / - * 220 R.pU. 245 dadhi maMthana kI kriyA se ratnAri ke raNa kauzala kA bimba yuddha kI sajIva jhAMkI prastuta karatA hai, jisameM usakI gadA ko mathAnI cakrIsenA ko maMthana pAtra tathA yoddhAoM ke gAtra - mardana ko 'bilaunA' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai -

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vidyA-sAdhita gadA mathAnI, cakrI-senA maMthana pAtra kiyA bilaunA, huA vilor3ita, yoddhA gaNa kA Urjita gaatr| R.pR. 261 yuddha kI samApti ke pazcAt tyAga mArga para agrasara bAhubalI ke prati janamAnasa meM utthita vividha bhAvoM kA aMkana bhI kavi ne saphalatApUrvaka kiyA hai| yahA~ janamAnasa meM uTha rahe vividha praznoM ke lie 'saritA', kalpanA ke lie 'jvAra' mauna uttara ke lie cAMdanI, tathA bAhubalI ke dRr3ha nizcaya ko himagiri ke bimba se vyakta kiyA gayA hai - prazna kI saritA pravAhita, kalpanA kA jvAra AyA, mauna uttara zarada-dvijapati, cAMdanI se jagamagAyA acala himagiri sA sunizcaya, tyAga kI AbhA pravaNa hai, kisa dizA ke chaMda laya meM, bar3ha rahA Age caraNa hai| R.pR. 289 mAnava kI svArtha vRtti yuddha kA kAraNa hai| yuddha kA zamana hI mAnavatA kA vikAsa haiN| tyAga se hI yuddha ko rokA jA sakatA hai| kavi ne yuddha ke lie 'agni', tyAga ke lie 'nIra' evaM amRta tathA svArtha ke lie "viSa' kA bimba nirmita kiyA hai jise nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - yuddha kI isa agni ko yaha, tyAga-nIra bujhA sakegA, svArtha-viSa saMvyApta jaga meM, tyAga hI to amRta kaNa hai| R.pU. 290 isa prakAra ukta saMdarbho ke Aloka meM 'RSabhAyaNa' meM saMzliSTa bimboM kI yojanA saphalatApUrvaka kI gayI hai| --00-- | 221

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gatija aindrika bimba AcArya mahAprajJa ne sthira tathA gatizIla donoM prakAra ke dRzya bimba niyojita kie haiN| dRzyoM kA aMkana kavi ne itanI yathArthaparakatA evaM sahajatA se kiyA hai, jaise eka-eka dRzya unakI A~khoM se gujarA ho / jIvana ke bahuvidha pakSoM kA udghATana pota, ratha, nirjhara, sAgara, saritA, lahara, pavana, nAva, mRga, cItA, gurU, ziSya, sUrya, kaMduka Adi gatija bimba se darzita haiM / svayaM ke paurUSa se gatimAna yugaloM ke jIvana ko pota gatija bimba se vyakta kiyA gayA hai apane paurUSa se calatA hai, navayuvakoM kA jIvana pota / 8. R. pR. 12 samaya kI niraMtaratA evaM parivartazIlatA ke lie jalapravAha evaM cakra kA bimba nirmita kiyA gayA hai - parivartana kA hetu kAla, vaha, jala pravAha jyoM bahatA hai / dvAdazAra yaha kAlacakra, gatizIla niraMtara rahatA hai / -- R. pR. 6 ratha ke gatizIla bimba se bhI samaya kI gatizIlatA draSTavya haiM utsarpiNI kAla kI unnatadazA ke samApana tathA avasarpiNI kAla kI avanati dazA ke prArambha ke sAtha hI yugaloM ke jIvana ratha kI dizA bhI parivartita ho gii| utsarpaNa kAla kI isa hAni ko gaMgA kI uthalI dhArA se bimbita kiyA gayA hai - bar3hA samaya - ratha jaise Age, calA hAsa kA vaise cakra / avasarpaNa ke caraNa bar3he taba, jIvana - ratha kI gati badalI, snigdha kAla kI hAni ho rahI, gaMgA kI dhArA uthalI / eka cakra - bala se nahIM cala sakatA hai yAna hotA hai sAcivya se, zAsana-stha gatimAna | - R. pR. 39 rAjanIti ke saMdarbha meM bhI 'ratha' kA gatija bimba prayukta huA hai| zAsana kA saMcAlana eka vyakti dvArA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| usake lie to saciva kI kuzala maMtraNA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| tabhI zAsana rUpI ratha vyavasthita DhaMga se gatimAna ho pAtA hai 222 R. pR. 12 R. pR. 89

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nirjhara, sAgara, saritA, lahara ke gatimaya svabhAva ke dvArA bhI vividha bhAvoM bimba sRjita kiyA gayA hai| samaya kI parivartana dazA kA udghATana sAgara meM utthita tathA patita laharoM ke bimba se darzAyA gayA hai pratipala gatimaya kAla, agatika koI bhI nahIM jalanidhi kI uttAla, lahara nidarzana bana rahI / R. pR. 22 yavanikA ke pRSTha bhAga meM gAyana kara rahI gaMdharva kanyAoM ke dhvani prasAra kA mUlyAMkana bhI sAgara jala meM prasRta taraMgoM ke gatimaya dRzya se kiyA gayA hai jaladhi- jala meM urmimAlA, prasRta hotI jA rahI / yavanikA ke pRSTha meM, gaMdharvakanyA gA rhii| R. pU. 93 anubhava kI yathArthatA evaM paripakvatA ke lie bahate hue nirjhara kA bimba aMkita kiyA gayA hai - anubhava ke nirjhara se bahane vAlA jala yaha nirmala hai / satya taraMgita 'vividha' rUpamaya, nizcala aura calAcala hai / R. pR. 18 bhAva vihvala manaH sthiti ke udghATana ke lie bhI pravAhita nirjhara kA bimba niyojita kiyA gayA hai / hastinApura meM RSabha ko alakha padayAtrI dazA meM dekhate hI upasthita jana samAja ke hRdaya meM bhAvanA kA pavitra nirjhara pravAhita hone lagA - bhAvanA kA vimala nirjhara, jana-manasa meM baha calA / kalpatarU manahara akalpita, Aja prAMgaNa meM phalA / R. pR. 127 sUryayazA ke prati bAhubalI kI premAmRta manobhAvoM kA AsvAdana bhI nirjhara kI gatimayatA se karAyA gayA hai| yuddha ke lie tatpara sUryayazA, bAhubalI se kahate haiM mahAmahima se huA pravAhita, premAmRta kA nirjhara divya / kintu Aja lar3ane ko Atura, bhujA yugala hai he pitRvya ! R. pR. 266 saMtoM ke gatimaya jIvana kI AkhyA saritA ke gatimaya nirmala pravAha se 223

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kI gaI hai| calAyamAna hone ke kAraNa hI saMtoM kA jIvana saritA ke nirmala pravAha se samAna kalyANakArI tathA saMsAra ke saMtApa kA haraNa karane meM samartha hotA hai saMta aura saritA kA jIvana, gatimaya nirmala eka prvaah| haratA hai saMtApa jagata kA, miTa jAtI anabyAhI caah|| R.pR.106 hRdaya meM ubuddha vividha bhAvoM ke vikAsa ke lie pravAhamaya saritA kA bimba dekhane yogya hai| yuddha virAma saMdhi ke pazcAt bharata, nami-vinami se kahate haiM bhAI! svataMtra hai hara koI ciMtana meM, mAnava kA yaha vaiziSTya chupA hai mana meM, mastiSka anuttara nAr3itaMtra vikasita hai, bhAvoM kI saritA kA pravAha unnata hai| R.pR. 182 mahAvRSTi ke prabhAva se jaladhAra meM bahatI huI bharata kI senA ke lie nAva tathA tairate hue jalacara kA AkarSaka bimba nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| girijanoM ke sahAyatArtha meghamukhoM kI ativRSTi se jalamagna dharatI para bharata kI senA ke ratha 'nAva' tathA hAthI-ghoDe jalacara ke samAna tairate hae dikhAI de rahe hai - sakala dharAtala jala AplAvita, lagate haiM ratha nAvA hayavara gajavara jaise jalacara, zastra-zUnya yaha dhaavaa| R.pR. 175 yuddha ke pariprekSya meM pralaMyakArI 'pavana' kA bimba bhI nirmita kiyA gayA hai| AkramaNa kI mudrA meM anilavega cakravartI bharata kI senA meM pralaya pavana kI bhAMti tIvratA se praveza kara aisA yuddha karane lagA jaise 'sAgara' meM jvAra A gayA ho - avasara dekhA anilavega ne, pralaya pavana kA le AkAra, cakrI kI senA meM utarA, AyA aMbhonidhi meM jvAra | R.pR. 260 bharata ke prANaghAtaka hamale se anilavega kI mRtyu se kSubhita tathA krodha se paripUrNa ratnAri ne vegavAna pavana kI bhaoNti bharata kI senA para itanI tIvratA se AkramaNa kiyA, jaise, Aja hI yuddha kA aMta ho jAegA - vidyAdhara ratnAri kopa se, jvalita huA vaha dRzya nihAra, pavanavega sA AyA mAno, hogA raNa kA upsNhaar|| R.pR. 261 12241

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* bharata dvArA bAhubalI para ratnadaMDa ke prahAra kI tIvratA ko pavana gati kI tIvratA se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| bharata kA prahAra itanA gurU gaMbhIra va ghAtaka thA ki bAhubalI AjAnu taka dharatI meM dha~sa gae jisase kiMcita mUrchanA aura A~khoM ke samakSa aMdherA chA jAne ke kAraNa dina bhI unheM rAtri ke samAna dikhAI dene lagA uThA bharata le ratna - daMDa kara, kiyA pavana gati se AghAta | huA anuja AjAnu bhUmigata, anubhava jaise dina meM rAta / / R.pR. 282 mana ke vega kI tulanA kisI se nahIM kI jA sakatI, kintu vegavAna udAharaNoM se usake atizaya vega kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| mana ke vega kA Akalana azva hI kyA pavana ke vega se bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yahAM azva aura pavana kI gati ko phIkA batAkara mana ke vega kI kSipratA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai mApanA gati vega haya kA, sarala hai, ati sarala haiM / vega mana kA pavana se bhI, zIghragAmI tarala hai / / R. pR. 237 kavi ne 'mRga' aura 'cItA' kA bimba bhI nirUpita kiyA hai| yuddha se palAyana karatI huI bhayabhIta senA ke lie 'mRga' tathA pratidvandvI sabala senA ke lie 'cItA' kA bimba nirmita kiyA gayA hai / senAnI ke khaDgaratna ke prahAra se palAyana karatI huyI girijanoM kI senA aise dikhAI detI hai jaise 'mRga' ne 'cItA' ko dekha liyA ho senAnI ne khaDga ratna le, kSaNa meM sabako jItA, kiyA palAyana jaise mRga ne dekha liyA ho cItA / R. pR. 171 kavi ne khela meM prayukta kaMduka ke uchAla evaM use lapakane kI kriyA kA bimbAMkana bhI kiyA hai| bAhubalI ke dvArA kaMduka ke samAna bharata ko AsamAna meM uchAla denA phira unheM hAthoM se jhela lenA tIvra gatija bimba kA acchA udAharaNa hai [ (15) cakra kI tIvragati ko bhI ur3ane kI kriyA se vyakta kara use gatimayatA pradAna kI gayI hai| bAhubalI ke dakSiNa kara meM svayaM virAjita cakra jaba bharata kI ora ur3A taba vahAM upasthita senAniyoM meM duzcintAjanya azubha kolAhala kA jvAra sA A gayA | (16) 225

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yuddha meM anilavega kI sphUrti dekhane yogya hai / vaha itanI tIvratA se bharata kI senA para AkramaNa karatA hai ki usakA sarvavyApI rUpa hI dikhAI detA hai / kSaNa-kSaNa meM usake parivartana ko nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai -- kSaNa meM bhU para, kSaNa meM nabha meM kSaNa meM ratha para, kSaNa meM sphAla sarvavyApI rUpa banA hai, sveda bUMda se snehila bhAla | R. pR. 258 tIvra gatija bimba ke atirikta dhImIgati kA bimba bhI mahAkAvya meM nirmita prati bharata ke praNatabhAva kA pradarzana huA hai| guru ziSya ke bimba se cakra ratna ke dhImI gatija bimba kA zreSTha udAharaNa hai Ayudha zAlA meM bharata cakraratna kI tri - pradakSiNA usI prakAra se karate haiM jaise vinayAvanata ziSya gurU kI pradakSiNA karatA hai / zakti gurUoM kI bhI gurU hai| giri meM pravAhita nirjhara usa zAktimayatA kI puSTi bhI karatA hai| yahAM prAkArAntara se gurU evaM cakra ratna kI zakti saMpannatA ko parvata tathA ziSya evaM bharata kI vinamratA ko nirjhara kI pravAhamayatA se bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai 1 - triH pradakSiNA kI, jaise nata, ziSya sugurU ko karatA, zakti parama gurU kI gurU hotI, nirjhara giri se jharatA / R. pR. 163 anukaraNa vRtti kA udghATana bhI gajavara ke pIche calane vAle 'kalabha' ke gatija bimba se kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ sUryayazA kA kathana bAhubalI ke prati hai jo yaha kahanA cAhate haiM ki parivAra ke zreSThajanoM kA anukaraNa kaniSTha jana karate haiM yadi Apa yuddha sthala meM hai to mujhe bhI usakA anukaraNa karanA cAhie kalabha yUthapati gajavara ke padacinhoM para calatA hai nAtha ! raNa kA kauzala hama sIkheMge, teja AMca se banatA kvAtha / / R. pR. 266 astAcala gAmI sUrya kA bimba bhI kSata vikSata yuddha se lauTe bharata ke senApati ke lie kiyA gayA hai| anilavega ke prahAra se kSatavikSata senApati kA yAna yuddhasthala se usI prakAra lauTA, jisa prakAra asamaya meM zanai: zanai: sUrya astAcala kI ora prasthAna karatA hai - 226

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hata-prahata kSata-vikSata hokara, lauTA senApati kA yaan| mAno asamaya meM dinamaNi kA, haA pratIcI meM prsthaan|| R.pU. 260 isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcAryazrI ne RSabhAyaNa meM tIvra. tIvratama evam dhImI gati kA bimbAMkana saphalatApUrvaka kiyA hai| dhImI gati ke udAharaNa virala hI haiN| --00-- 12271

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rahA karatI thIM tathA bharata se vArtAlApa karate samaya ulAhanA bhI diyA karatI thii| ulAhanA kA prabhAva ati tIvra hotA hai isIlie usake bhAra ko 'maMdarAcala' se bhI adhika gurU gaMbhIra kahA gayA hai - maMdara parvata se bhI jyAdA, upAlaMbha kA hotA bhaar| R.pR. 153 sAdhanA meM rata bAhubalI kI acalatA kA prakAzana bhI himAlaya ke AdhAra se kiyA gayA hai| yuddha ke aparAdha-bodha se dravIbhUta bharata, bAhubalI ko tapasvI kI mudrA meM dekhakara kahate haiM ki vijayazrI kA varaNa karane ke bAvajUda bhI yaha himAlaya kI taraha nirvikAra tathA niSkaMpa hai - hai kiyA aparAdha maiMne, yuddha bhAI se lar3A hai| vijaya kA varadAna lekara, yaha himAlaya sA khar3A hai| R.pR. 291 pratimA, staMbha tathA 'bhitti' kA bimbAMkana saMjJA zUnyatA va zarIra kI jar3atA ke lie kiyA gayA hai| putra ko saMyama patha para agrasara hote dekha staMbhita mAM marUdevA akampa sthiti meM mauna mUrti ke samAna jahA~ thI vahIM khar3I raha jAtI hai mAtA bhI marUdevA staMbhita, mauna mUrti sI khar3I rhii| R.pR. 106 yahI nahIM samavasaraNa meM AtmalIna RSabha kI sthiratA kA citraNa bhI pratimAlIna kathana kara kiyA gayA hai| (17) nara zizu ko mRtyu dazA meM dekhakara sunaMdA bhI niHspanda ho jAtI hai| usa samaya na to vaha kucha bola sakI aura na hI apane se hilaDula skii| yahA~ taka ki usakA mastiSka bhI vicAra zUnya ho gyaa| vaha mAtra pratimA ke samAna nirjIva sthira khar3I dazA meM dikhAI de rahI hai - hila na sakI vaha, bola sakI nA, mAnasa ciMtana zUnya huA, pratimA sI sthira stabdha khar3I hai, jIvana hAya ananya huaa| R.pR. 40 sAmAnyataH jar3atva sthiti ke lie 'stambha' kA prayoga prAyaH hotA rahA hai| pitA ke saMyama patha para gamana ke nirNaya se bharata kI stabdhatA jar3atA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| unakI AMkheM A~suoM se paripUrNa hai| bhAva vihvala hone ke kAraNa ve bola 2291

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nahIM paate| kaMThAvarodha ho jAtA hai, jisase unakA zarIra stambha kI bhA~ti jar3avata dikhAI dene lagatA hai sajala netra kaMpita-sI vANI, kaMThakalA avaruddha, stabdha huA tanu jar3ita stambha sA, pala-pala buddha abuddha / R. pR. 84 mA~ marUdevA kI manasabhitti para nirmita svapna bimba kA citra dekhe gae svapnoM ko sthiratA pradAna karatA hai! ve kulakara nAbhi se kahatI haiM ki he svAmI merI manasa bhitti para svapna bimba kA citra aMkita ho gayA hai, jo Azcarya janaka hai bolI marUdevA, hA~ hA~ hA~ maiMne acaraja dekhA hai, svamin ! merI manasa- bhitti para, svapnabimba kI lekhA hai / R. pR. 34 nAriyoM ke veNI baMdhana kA bimbAtmaka prayoga bhI kavi ne kiyA hai / uttara dakSiNa dizA meM sthita himAlaya kI donoM coTiyA~ aisI suzobhita ho rahI haiM jaise 'vanitA' ke zIza para veNI baMdhana suzobhita hotA hai himagiri ke bhAla sthala para haiM do zreNI vanitA ke sira rAjamAna jyoM veNI / R. pR. 179 adhyayana meM tanmaya chAtrA ke sthira bimba se deza kI sImA kA citra bhI ukerA gayA hai| raNabherI bajane ke pazcAt bharata ko apane sammukha bahalI deza kI dikhAI detI huI sImA aisI pratIta ho rahI hai jaise vaha svayaM chAtrA ke rUpa meM tanmaya hokara pragati kA pATha par3ha rahI ho - - bahalI kI sImA sammukha dIkha rahI hai, jaise chAtrA bana tanmaya sIkha rahI hai / R. pR. 249 palakoM ke na girane kI kriyA ke AdhAra para bhI sthira bimba kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai / dRSTi yuddha ke aMtargata bharata aura bAhubalI eka dUsare kI ora apalaka dRSTi se dekhate haiN| isa kriyA meM kaI praharoM taka kisI kI palakoM kA nipAta taka nahIM hotA donoM apalaka palakoM ne bhI, nizcata rahakara diyA prakAza / pala bhara bhI svAmI ko tama kA, nahIM pratanu bhI ho AbhAsa / R.pU. 277 230

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hastinApura meM upasthita RSabha kA dIdAra parivAra ke sadasya gaNa 'apalaka' dRSTi se karate haiN| usa samaya aisA lagatA hai jaise, palakoM ne muktidAtA kI zaraNa meM prasthita ho unakI ora 'TakaTakI' lagAe rakhane kA vrata le liyA ho - nayana susthira palaka ne, animeSa dIkSA vrata liyA, mukdiAtA kI zaraNa meM, kyoM nimIlana kI kiyA ? R.pR. 129 praNamya bhAvoM se sikta manodazAoM tathA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vyavahRta vividha mudrAoM kA sthira bimba kavi ne vizeSa rUpa se nirmita kiyA hai| jahA~ bhI aisA huA hai-vahA~ bhAvoM kA mUtana sahaja dharAtala para dekhate hI banatA hai| isakA ekamAtra kAraNa hai kavi kI sAdhaka evaM sAdhanA vRtti| bharata ke samakSa zAMta, mauna, evaM nivedana kI mudrA meM kara baddha khar3e senApati kI nizcala sthiti kA anumAna nimnalikhita paMktiyoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai - zAMta senApati khar3A hai, sAmane baddhAMjali, mauna vANI kintu AkRti para mukhara bhaavaaNjli| R.pR. 218 bAhubalI ke samakSa upasthita bharata ke dUta tathA vinIta bhAva se zata-sahastroM loka ke adhipatiyoM kA RSabha ke samakSa samarpaNa kI abhivyakti bhI sthira mudrA meM kI gayI hai - R.pR. 233 dUta samupasthita huA nata, zIza aMjalibaddha haiN| zata sahastroM loka prabhu ke sAmane A rUka gae, baddha aMjali bhAva prAMjala, zIza sabake jhuka ge| R.pR. 94 dhyAna meM mudrAoM kA vizeSa mahatva hai| isase mana, vANI tathA iMdriyoM kA parisImana hotA hai, jisase dhyAna abhISTa kI pUrti meM saphala hotA hai| yuddha se virakta bAhubalI dhyAnAvasthita haiN| mauna avasthA meM unakI donoM bhujAe~ AjAnu kA sparza kie hue haiN| isa prakAra ve pUrNa rUpeNa sAdhaka kI mudrA meM sthira dikhAI de rahe haiM mauna vANI, gAtra susthira, bhuja yugala AjAnu sparzI, dhyAna mudrA meM avasthita, bAhubalI muni paardrshii| 12311 R.pR. 290

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sAdhanA meM rata bAhubalI kI sthiratA kA citraNa 'sthANu' ke rUpa meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| unakA saMpUrNa gAtra harIbharI latAoM se Acchanna hai jisase unakI kezarAzi tathA aMgo se kezara kI kyArI ke samAna suvAsa A rahI hai / (18) rAjA ke rUpa meM abhiSeka ke samaya RSabha madhyastha evaM tuSNIka mudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| dasoM aMguliyAM bhI sahaja mudrA meM dikhAI de rahI hai | (19) zizu kI mRtyu ke pazcAt sunandA kI zokajanya sthiti kA udghATana bhI sthira rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| sunandA cetanazIla hai, nara zizu cira zAMta / jisa kAraNa bhAI ke mRta zarIra ke pAsa khar3I sunandA kI sthiti bhI mRta jaisI hai| jisakI puSTi 'eka avasthA donoM kI hai' paMkti se sahaja hI hotI hai eka so rahA, eka khar3I hai, ika vana meM, ika jIvana meM eka avasthA donoM kI hai, aMtara hai tana, cetana meM / R. pR. 40 ukta bhAva prakAza ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki kavi ne sthira bimboM kI racanA saphalatA pUrvaka to kI hai kintu jitanA unakA mana gatija bimboM meM ramA hai utanA sthira bimboM meM nahIM / --00- 232

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... 10. niSkarSa evaM adhyAya samIkSA RSabhAyaNa meM aindriya saMvedanAoM ke AdhAra para cAkSusa, zrota, ghrANa, rasa sparza, ekala, saMzliSTa, gatija evaM sthira bimboM kA nirUpaNa vaividhya pUrNa hai| kavi ne bhAvAnurUpa dharAtalIya, jalIya evaM AkAzIya bimboM kA cayana kiyA hai| dharAtalIya bimboM ke aMtargata parvata, vRkSa, lauha, prastara, vana, udyAna, pazu, pakSI, kITa, jalIya bimboM ke aMtargata sAgara, saritA, lahara, nirjhara, jalacara, jvAra, kamala tathA AkAzIya bimboM ke aMtargata bAdala, vidyuta, sUrya, tArA, kuhelikA Adi kA marmasparzI bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta dina-rAtri, maNi, amRta, viSa jaise aneka bimba prastuta kie gae haiM, jo sambandhita bhAvoM ke spaSTIkaraNa meM kAragara siddha hue haiN| yoM dekhA jAe to sabhI saMvedanAe~ kisI na kisI stara para eka dUsare se jur3I rahatI haiN| isIlie yadi koI saMvedanA kahIM apanA cAkSuSa pradhAna bimba prastuta karatI hai to anyatra AsvAdya athavA dhvanimaya athavA sparzajanya bimba bhI prastuta karatI hai| isI prakAra ekala bimba saMzliSTa ke rUpa meM tathA saMzliSTa bimba ekala bimba ke rUpa meM bhI prayukta hue haiN| gatija evaM sthira bimba dRzya bimba ke hI aMtargata Ate haiN| zodhArthI dvArA saMdarbhita bimboM kI vivecanA usake guNadharma va svabhAva ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| sAdhanAtmaka kSetra meM kavi ne vividha mudrAoM kA bimba sRjita kiyA hai jisameM sAdhaka ke rUpa meM kavi kI nijatA bhI jhalakatI hai| bhAvAnurUpa bimboM kA cayana vahI kavi kara pAtA hai jisakA vastu satya se sarvAdhika jur3Ava hotA hai| vastu ke guNadharma ke sApekSika jJAna ke binA bhAvoM kI saMgati nahIM baiTha paatii| kyoMki sUkSma se sUkSma bhAvoM kA mUtana sthUla dharAtala para hotA hai| isalie saMbaMdhita bhAvoM ke bimbAMkana ke lie vastu, padArtha yA sthiti kA jJAna Avazyaka hotA hai| isa rUpa meM AcArya mahAprajJa eka siddhahasta sAhityakAra haiN| vastutaH RSabhAyaNa Adima mAnava ke Aloka meM eka AdhyAtmika graMtha hai jisameM samAja, parivAra, rAjanIti, manasacetanA evaM adhyAtma se saMbaMdhita bahuAyAmI bimba prastuta kie gae haiN| isa prakAra saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki aindriya bimboM ke niyojana meM kavi ko pUrNarUpeNa saphalatA milI hai| --00-- 2331

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saMdarbha-sUcI RSabhAyaNa pR. 20. DaoN. nagendra zodha aura siddhAMta, pR. 115 RSabhAyaNa pR. 88. RSabhAyaNa pR. 89. vahIM, pR. 106 vahIM, pR. 109 vahIM pR. 176 vahI pR. 179 vahI pR. 230 vahIM pR. 66 DaoN. nAgendra-zodha aura siddhAMta pR. 115. DaoN. suzIlA zarmA - tulasI sAhitya meM bimba yojanA amaleza guptA - kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA - pR. 194 RSabhAyaNa, pR. 225-226 RSabhAyaNa pR. 279 vahI pR. 287 RSa bhAyaNa pR. 137 RSabhAyaNa pR. 292 sthiratA ne ........ kyArI / 19. vahI, pR. 54 madhyastha aura tuSNIka ........... mudraa| --00--

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adhyAya-caturtha RSabhAyaNa meM bhAva bimba bhAva kA svarUpa - bhAva aura vicAra kavitA kA prANa tatva hai| jisa prakAra bhAva yA vicAra vihIna kavitA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| usI prakAra bhAva yA vicAra ke abhAva meM bimba kI kalpanA bhI nirarthaka ho jAtI hai| bhAva, citta kI viziSTa dazA kA nAma hai jo svayaM meM amUrta hotI hai kintu usakA kAraNa mUrta hotA hai| kAvya meM amUrta bhAva ko jaba taka mUrti nahIM kiyA jAyegA, taba taka usakA svarUpa spaSTa nahIM hogaa| bimba ke dvArA bhAvoM kA mUrttana hotA hai, jisa kAraNa vaha sahaja meM hI pAThaka athavA zrotA ke lie grAhya banatA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para bhaya, bhAva kI anubhUti kI eka viziSTa dazA hai| mAtra zabdika prayoga se isake prabhAva ko nirUpita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isake lie kavi gaNa, vibhAva, anubhAva tathA saMcArI bhAvoM kI yojanA kara bhAva kA mUrttana karate haiN| kavi dvArA anubhAva, vibhAva athavA saMcArI bhAva citra rUpa meM vyaMjita kie jAne para hI prabhAvazAlI banate haiN| jaise-koI vyakti jaMgala meM zera ko dekhakara evaM usakI dahAr3a ko sunakara bhaya se kAMpane lagatA hai| yahA~ bhaya kA saMcAra zera ko dekhakara haA jo svayaM meM AlaMbana hai aura 'kampa' bhaya kA kArya athavA pariNAma hai| isa prakAra sahRdaya meM bhAva sthAyI rUpa meM rahate hI haiN| jaba usakA kAraNa (vibhAva) upasthita hotA hai, taba ve mUrtita ho jAte haiN| vastutaH bhAvoM ke mUrtana kI prakriyA kA nAma hI bimba hai| RSabhAyaNa meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se hAsya rasa ko chor3akara sabhI rasoM ke sthAyI bhAva tathA katipaya saMcArI bhAvoM se saMbaMdhita bimba niyojita hue haiN| isa prakAra sthAyI bhAvoM ke AdhAra para RSabhAyaNa ke bimboM ko nimnalikhita vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - - 1. bhakti 2. nirveda 3. vAtsalya 4. zoka 5. vismaya 6. utsAha 7. krodha 8. bhaya 9. jugupsA 10. rti| 12351

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saMcArI athavA vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke anukrama meM nimnalikhita saMcAriyoM ke bimba milate haiM - 1. moha 2. spRhA 6. zaMkA 7. IrSyA ciMtA, svapna ) 1. 3. harSa 8. mada 4. pramAda 5. kRtyakRtyatA (dhanyatA) 9. zrama evaM 10. anyabhAva ( lobha, jar3atA, utsukatA, sthAyI bhAvoM se saMbaMdhita bimba bhakti mahanIya AtmA ke prati AsthA, vizvAsa, samarpaNa evaM pUjAbhAva bhakti hai / RSabha mAnava rUpa meM eka aise mahAmAnava haiM, jinakA avataraNa mAtra jIvana ke rahasyoM ko udghATita karane ke lie hI nahIM apitu mAnava samAja ke artha, dharma, kAma, mokSa kI upalabdhiyoM se maNDita karAne ke lie huA haiN| unhoMne nagara rAjya-vyavasthA ko prArambhika stara para hI sudRr3ha kara samAnatA ke dharAtala para lokakalyANakArI rAjya kI nIMva rkhii| asi, masi, kRSi, lipi Adi ke vikAsa se unhoMne rAjya ko vaha svarUpa pradAna kiyA jo saMpUrNa brahmANDa meM ekamAtra udAharaNa hai 'na bhUto na bhaviSyato' yaha RSabha caritra kA lokapakSa hai, jisakA mArgAntaraNa hI AdhyAtmika pakSa hai| ve nirlipta bhAva se lokajIvana ko samRddha evaM svayaM ko mamatA moha ke baMdhanoM se mukta kara Atmadarzana kA mArga prazasta karate hue janajIvana ko mokSa kA saMdeza dete haiN| isa prakAra ve laukika aura alaukika jagata ke puraskartA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| RSabha kA saMpUrNa jIvana karma aura sAdhanA kA adbhuta saMgama hai isalie ve mAnava aura deva donoM ke lie pUjanIya haiM / indra, nAgarAja dharaNa, kubera tathA kaI lokoM ke adhipati bhakti bhAva se unakI vaMdanA karate haiM / RSabhAyaNa meM RSabha ke prati bhakti bhAvanA se sambadhita aneka bimba nirmita hue haiN| prema aura samarpaNa bhakti kA alaMkaraNa hai| RSabha ke zrI caraNoM meM bharata ke samarpaNa bhAva kA citraNa 'sUrya' aura 'caMdramA' ke prati anurakta kramazaH 'cAtaka' aura 'cakora' ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai 236 --

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sundara hai vaha jahA~ RSabha hai, bhale nagara yA vana ho| cAtaka kI AzA hai bhora, zazadhara meM anurakta ckor| R.pR. 85 pitRvihIna rAjya siMhAsana ko bharata raMcamAtra mahatva nahIM dete / ve to rAjya ko 'bhUsI' (tuSA) tathA RSabha ko 'dhAnya' kahate hue unheM karUNA ke avatAra 'bAdala' ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM - zirodhArya vANI prabhuvara kI, kintu na mana ko mAnya lagatA hai yaha rAjya tuSopama, dUra ho rahA dhAnya baraso-baraso aba parjanya!, ho jAe antastala dhny| R.pR. 86 'gurU' ke prati bhaktibhAva se samarpita 'ziSya' ke bimba se cakraratna ke prati bharata kI bhaktibhAvanA kA prakAzana kavi ne prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se kiyA hai| Ayudha zAlA meM pUjAbhAva se bharata cakraratna kI tripradakSiNA vaise hI karate haiM jaise bhakti se sarAbora natamastaka ziSya apane gurU kI pradakSiNA karatA hai - nRpati bharata arcA karane ko pahu~cA Ayudha zAlA cakraratna kI divya vibhA taba, damakI bana nava bAlA, triHpradakSiNA kI, jaise nata, ziSya sugurU ko karatA zakti parama gurU kI gurU hotI, nirjhara giri se jhrtaa| R.pR. 163 takSazilA meM prabhu kA darzana na ho pAne ke kAraNa bAhubalI kA mAnasika saMtApa unakI bhakti bhAvanA kA pramANa hai| prabhu Agamana kI sUcanA mAtra se bAhubalI kI vaMdana mudrA, sASTAMga praNAma kI sthiti unakI zraddhA, bhakti kA hI bimbAMkana karatI hai - vaMdana-mudrA nata paMcAMga, zraddhA se siMcita srvaaNg| prAsAdasthita maiM hU~ deva ! tatra sthita dekho svayameva / / R.pR. 137 bhakta ke lie bhagavAna kI dUrI pIr3AdAyaka hotI hai| vaha to apane iSTa ke binA vyAkula va azAMta banA rahatA hai| bAhubalI dvArA RSabha ke prati 'dIna dayAlu' aura 'kRpAlu' kA sambodhana pitRbhakti kA hI citra aMkita karatA hai - 12271

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kitane sapane, kitane bhAva!, kitane ciMtana kA anubhAva! kauna sunegA ? dInadayAlu!, mujha para the tuma sadA kRpaalu| R.pR. 138 zraddhA samanvita bhakti kA udghATana 'apalaka dRSTi' ke bimba se bhI kiyA gayA hai| AbhAmaNDala se dedIpyamAna RSabha ke hastinApura Agamana para parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM kA mastaka unake kamalavat caraNoM meM jhuka jAtA hai, aura ve sabhI apalaka dRSTi se use isa prakAra dekhane lagate haiM, jaise muktidAtA ke caraNoM meM zaraNAgata palakoM ne usa ora eka Taka dekhane kA vrata le liyA ho - A gayA parivAra parivRtta, RSabha sannidhi meM rUkA, caraNa sarajita puSpa raja meM, zIrSa zraddhA se jhukA, nayana susthira palaka ne, animeSa dIkSA vrata liyA maktidAtA ke zaraNa meM kyA nimIlana kI kiyaa| R.pR.128-129 RSabha parivAra ke hI nahIM saMpUrNa samAja ke jIvanAdhAra haiN| siddhi ke pazcAt jaba ve hastinApura Ate haiM taba unheM dekhane mAtra se hI logoM ke hRdaya meM bhakti kA jharanA pravAhita hone lagatA hai| 'kalpatarU' ke rUpa meM RSabha ko apane samakSa dekhakara jana sAmAnya apane ko dhanya samajhate hai| yahA~ RSabha ke prati 'kalpatarU' kA bimba cittAkarSaka hai - bhAvanA kA vimala nirjhara, jana-manasa meM baha claa| kalpatarU manahara akalpita, Aja prAMgaNa meM phlaa| R.pR. 127 'ciMtAmaNi' ratnIya bimba se sabhI kI cintAoM ko harane vAle RSabha ke prati jana-jana kI dRSTikoNa unakI bhakti kA sUcaka hai - dhanya hai hama ratna, ciMtAmaNi aho pratyakSa hai, yaha pratIkSA meM khar3A, jaise susajjita kakSa hai| R.pR. 127 RSabha ke upadeza se avibhUta janapratinidhi dvArA unake caraNoM kI zaraNa meM rahane kI AkAMkSA tathA use satyaM, zivaM, sundaram kahanA unake bhaktavatsala svabhAva kA hI bimba prastuta karatA hai -

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.. . tama haTA Aloka-rUci se, dIpta aMta: karaNa hai| prabhu! tumhAre caraNa ramyaM, zivaM satyaM zaraNa haiN| R.pR. 97 yahI nahIM sAmAnya jana unheM dhAtA, vidhAtA, oMkAra jaise vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kara svayaM kI AsthA kA prakAzana karate haiM - tuma vidhAtA aura dhAtA, sRSTi ke oMkAra ho, aura sAmAjika vyavasthA, ke tumhI AdhAra ho| R.pR. 98 kaccha aura mahAkaccha bhI zraddhA aura bairAgya bhAva se paripUrNa madhukara kI bhaoNti prabhu RSabha ke kamalavat caraNoM se bhaktirUpI parAga kA pAna karanA cAhate hai madhukara bane leMge sadA, prabhu caraNAbja parAga, zraddhAmaya anurAga se, vikasita vizada viraag| R.pU. 100 'rAta' ko 'prAta' evaM 'prAta' ko rAta ke bimba se RSabha ke caraNoM meM kaccha-mahAkaccha kA bhaktimaya nivedana nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM dRSTavya hai - caraNa-sannidhi prApta kara prabhu!, prAta jaisI rAta bhii| dUra pA prabhu-caraNa-yuga ko, rAta jaisA prAta bhii| R.pR. 103 'jaladhara' aura 'AkAza' kA bimba bhI zraddhA bhAva ko vyakta karane ke lie nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| RSabha ke prati samarpita kaccha aura mahAkaccha kA mana rUpI AkAza zraddhA rUpI bAdala se AcchAdita hai - eka ora zraddhA ke jaladhara, se mana kA uDupatha aakiirnn| R.pR. 113 samarpaNa aura vizvAsa bhakti ko uccatA pradAna karate haiN| janapratinidhi prabhu kI chatrachAyA ko sAmAnya jana ke kuzalakSema kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| yahA~ RSabha kI bhaktavatsalatA ke lie 'chatra' kA bimba prayukta huA hai - sRSTi abhinava yA purAtana, bheda koI hai nahIM hai jahA~ prabhu chatrachAyA, kuzala-maMgala hai vhiiN| R.pR. 95 AhAra ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha kA svAgata koI motiyoM se 12241

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.. paripUrNa thAla se kara rahA hai, to koI bhaktimaya maMgala stavana kA gAyana kara apanI bhAvanA prakaTa kara rahA hai - thAla muktA se bharA, upahAra koI lA rhaa| bhaktibhAvita bhAva koI, stavana-maMgala gA rhaa| R.pR. 118 RSabhAvatAra vizva kalyANa ke lie huA hai| unake caraNoM meM mAtra yugaloM kI hI Asakti nahIM hai, balki zata zahastroM loka ke adhipati bhI unake prati pUjAbhAva rakhate haiN| munidIkSA ke samaya vividha lokoM ke adhipatiyoM kA natamastaka ho unase kara baddha prArthanA karanA unakI bhaktibhAvanA kA hI pradarzana hai - zata sahastroM loka prabhu ke, sAmane A rUka gae baddha aMjali bhAva prAMjala zIza sabake jhuka ge| R.pR. 94 isa prakAra ukta tathyoM ke Aloka meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhakti ke saMbaMdha meM vividha bimboM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| 2. nirveda (zama) - 'nirveda' zabda kA artha hai 'vizeSajJAna' / saMsAra kI vastuoM kI anityatA dekhakara hRdaya meM una vastuoM ke prati jo nindAbuddhi utpanna hotI hai, use nirveda kahate haiN| 'zama' kI artha zAnti hai| sAMsarika azAnti se khinna hokara jaba mana paramArtha kI ora jhukakara zAnti-prApti kA icchuka ho to 'zama' hotA hai| (1) pravRtta mArga evaM nivRtta mArga upAsanA kI do paddhatiyA~ haiN| pravRttimArgI upAsanA ke aMtargata bhaktibhAva tathA 'nivRttimArgI' upAsanA ke aMtargata nirveda bhAva kA prakATya hotA hai| jaina dharma vizuddhataH Atmadarzana ko mahatva detA hai| tatvajJAna usakA mUla svara hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne 'RSabhAyaNa' meM bhakti aura nirveda bhAva kA adbhuta sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA hai| RSabha ke prati logoM ke samarpaNa bhAva bhakti paraka haiM to RSabha ke tAtvika bhAva nirveda prk| rUpa kI dRSTi se RSabhAyaNa kA mUla kAmya nirveda hai| 'nirveda' janya bimboM ko RSabha kI AtmasAdhanA, mA~ marUdevA [240

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kI AtmAnubhUti tathA bharata bAhubalI ke vairAgyajanya prasaMgoM meM sahajatA se dekhA jA sakatA hai| I Atma-sAdhanA meM SaTa cakravedha kA vizeSa mahatva hai / yaugika kriyA ke dvArA 'anahada nAda' kI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAne para karNa kuharoM ko baMda kara lene para bhI saba kucha sunAI detA hai| muni dIkSA ke avasara para yoga sAdhanA meM lIna RSabha 'anahada nAda' kI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAte haiN| unakI yaha sAdhanAtmaka avasthA sAdhanA rUpI 'taila' se paripUrNa, jJAna rUpI bAtI se prajvalita 'dIpaka' kebimba se prastuta kI gayI hai mauna vANI, A~kha ne hI, kathya avikala kaha diyA / sneha se abhiSikta bAtI, jasa uThA 'anahada' diyA / R. pR. 94 SaTcakra bedha ke bAda saptama cakra sahastrAra meM pahu~cane para sAdhaka sahastra kamala dala kA sparza kara AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| vahA~ kevala prakAza hI prakAza dikhAI detA hai / yahA~ RSabha kI AtmA rUpI vedI para svayaM prakAzita jJAnAloka ke lie avicala jalate hue 'dIpaka' kA bimba nirmita kiyA gayA hai, jisase sAdhanA kI pUrNAvasthA va nirveda bhAva kI abhivyakti hotI hai cetanA kI vimalatA ne, kamala dala ko chU liyA / Atmavarcas - vedikA para, jala uThA avicala diyA / / R. pR. 102 mahAsAgara meM nimagna 'mIna' ke bimba se bhI nirveda bhAva kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai / RSabha nirguNa AtmAnanda meM kSaNa pratikSaNa usI prakAra lIna ho jAte haiM jisa prakAra mahAsAgara ke agAdha jala meM 'mIna' nimagna ho jAtI hai nirguNa AtmAnanda meM hue pratikSaNa lIna / jaise salila nimagna ho, mahAsindhu kA mIna / - R. pR. 108 AtmA se paramAtmA paramAtmA bhinna nahIM hai / AtmA meM hI paramAtmA kA nivAsa hai kintu ise koI nirguNa sAdhaka hI jAna sakatA hai| bAhya jagata kA jJAna vismRta hue binA antarjagat ke kapATa nahIM khula skte| sAdhanAtmaka avasthA meM RSabha AtmA rUpI maMdira meM itane lIna ho jAte haiM ki unheM paramAtmA ke avataraNa sAkSAt anubhUti hone lagatI hai --

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- AtmalInatA ke maMdira meM, bAhara kA vismaraNa huA / * AtmA meM paramAtmA kA, anajAnA-sA avataraNa huA / R. pR. 115 zarIra nazvara hai, AtmA anazvara zarIra janma aura mRtyu ke baMdhanoM se baMdhA hotA hai kiMtu AtmA ajanmA hai / usakA vinAza nahIM hotA / vaha zAzvat hai, sarvakAlika haiM / yahA~ 'videha' ke lie kavi ne ananta, ajanmA zabda kA prayoga kara usakI zAzvatA ko 'amRta' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA hai deha aura videha tatva do, nazvara deha ananta videha | deha janamatA, maratA hai vaha amRta ajanmA sadA videha / R. pU. 157 zarIra vyakti ko saMsAra se jor3atA hai / 'AtmA' use saMsAra se mukta karatA hai| AtmA kI yaha muktAvasthA nirveda janya sthitiyA~ nirmita karatI haiM, isIlie AtmA paramAtmA kA upAdAna hai aura isalie usakA svarUpa maMgalakArI hai / yahA~ satyaM zivam sundaram kI alaukika dhAraNA se 'AtmasvarUpa' kA bimba udghATita kiyA gayA hai - AtmA satyam zivam sundaram AtmA maMgalamaya abhidhAna upAdAna hai paramAtmA kA, saMyama hai usakA avadAna / R. pR. 158 vastutaH prANa aura apAna donoM pudgala haiM, isalie nazvara haiM, jIvanadhAra pudgala hai AtmA apaudgalika hai| zarIra meM AtmA kI khoja 'dIkSA' saMskAra se saMbhava hai| dIkSA saMskAra eka bhAvanAtmaka sthiti hai, jo saMsAra se virakta nirveda bhAva kA bimbAMkana karatI hai - prANApAna paudgalika donoM, pudagala jIvana kA AdhAra / usameM AtmA kA anveSaNa, karanA yaha dIkSA saMskAra / R. pR. 206 'AkAza' evaM 'ravi' kI dRzyatA se sAdhanAtmaka avasthA kA citraNa manohArI hai| samatva bhAva se dIkSita RSabha ke aTThAnabe putroM ke cittarUpI AkAza meM cinmaya 'ravi' rUpI AtmaprakAza se mAyA moha kI pyAsa palabhara meM hI zAMta ho gayI / nimnalikhita saMpUrNa paMktiyA~ nirvedabhAva se maMDita haiM 242

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cidAkAza meM cinmaya ravi kA, vyApta huA avirAma prkaash| samatA meM dIkSita sutagaNa kI, zAMta ho gayI pala meM pyAsa / / R.pR. 207 isI bimba kA niyojana sAdhanArata Atmaloka meM vicaraNa kara rahe RSabha ke lie bhI kiyA gayA hai| dharma rUpI 'AkAza' meM 'RSabha' rUpI 'ravi' ke abhyudaya se jaise paramapada rUpI paramAtmA kA avataraNa ho gayA hoN| sAdhanA avasthA meM dhyAna, kAyotsarga kI mudrA, vicArahInatA, AbhAmaMDala kI divyatA, antarrAtmA kI zAMti Adi dRzyoM se RSabha meM aise RSi rUpa kA bimbAMkana kiyA gayA hai jo tatva jJAna kI khoja meM lIna ho - dharma ke AkAza meM, ravi kA navodaya ho rhaa| jAgaraNa usa parama pada kA, Aja taka jo so rhaa| dhyAna kAyotsarga mudrA, mauna antarvyApta hai| divya AbhA divya AtmA, laga rahA vaha Apta hai| divasa bIte jA rahe vaha, aga acala azrAnta hai| bhUkha kI jaya, pyAsa kI jaya, antarAtmA zAnta hai| R.pR. 110 'dIkSA' 'nirveda bhAva' ko madhumaya upahAra se vyaMjita kara usake mahatva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| saMsAra kI asAratA kA jJAna ho jAne para mana sanyAsa kI ora unmukha hotA hai, jisake lie 'muni dIkSA' parama Avazyaka hai| siddhAvasthA ko prApta RSabha ke AbhAmaNDala ko dekhakara mAM marUdevA use jIvana kA 'madhumaya upahAra' kahatI hai - itane dina maiMne to DhoyA, arthahIna cintA kA bhaar| AkRti bola rahI hai, dIkSA, kaSTa nahIM, madhumaya uphaar| R.pR. 155 sAdhanA kI aMtima avasthA kaivalya hai| kaivalya ko 'amRta-kalaza' evaM sAMsArika jIvana kI kSaNikatA ko 'indradhanuSa' ke bimba se vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai - udita huA vara kevala jJAna, kalaza amRta kA amRta-pidhAna ho sakatA sarvajJa manuSya, zeSa jIvana haiM indrdhnuss|| R.pR. 145 | 2431

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mA~ marUdevA Atmastha RSabha kI ora apalaka dekhate hue yaha mahasUsa karatI hai ki vItarAgatA meM mana kI tallInatA se dhyeya aura dhyAtA meM koI bheda nahIM raha jaataa| sAdhanA ke isa gahana rahasya ko samajha marUdevA pala bhara meM 'cinmaya' parama AtmA kI anubhUti kara letI hai / nimnalikhita saMpUrNa paMktiyA~ nirveda bhAva se maNDita haiM, jisameM vItarAgatA se sambandhita sUkSma rahasyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai hai dekha rahI hU~ maiM to apalaka, vahaapane meM hai tallIna / mAtA kA mana mamatA - saMkula, udAsIna suta nahIM navIna / haMta ! mohamaya ciMtana merA, yaha nirmoha virata AtmajJa / vItarAgatA meM mana tanmaya, sadA saphala hotA maMtrajJa / tanmayatA se miTa jAtA hai, dhyeya aura dhyAtA kA bheda / sAdha liyA pala meM mAtA ne, cinmaya se anubhUti abheda / R.pU. 155 jahA~ nIMda aura mUrcchA ke bimba se mAyA moha meM lIna mA~ marUdevA svayaM ko dhikkAratI huyI pratIta hotI haiM, vahIM ve AtmajJAna kI jAgRti ko 'vasaMta' ke dRzya se bhI aMkita karatI haiM / mAyA, moha ke vilopana ke pazcAt hI caitanyAnmA kA jAgaraNa hotA hai / svayaM ke bodhana meM marUdevA kA nirvedabhAva spaSTataH mukharita huA -- marUdevA! tU jAga jAga rI ! rahI supta tU kAla ananta / nIMda gahanatama, gaharI mUrcchA, Ao pahalI bAra vasaMta! - R. pR. 155 nauveM sarga meM mA~ marUdevA ke prasaMga meM kavi ne nirveda bhAva se saMbaMdhita katipaya bimboM ko prastuta kiyA hai| muni RSabha kA avalokana karane ke pazcAt marUdevA siddhi sopAna para kadama rakhatI huI mAyA moha ke jAla evaM zarIra ke bandha na se mukta ho Atma sattA meM lIna ho jAtI haiM / yahA~ zArIrika baMdhana ko 'baMdha jAla' tathA 'mAyA moha ke baMdhana ko' 'makar3I ke jAlA' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai aprakampa avasthA meM mAM, baMdha- jAla se huI vimukta aba na banegI makar3I jAlA, nija sattA meM niyata niyukta / R. pR. 156 244

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'anAsakti' vItarAgatA kA mUla maMtra hai| anAsakti kI sAdhanA ko zukla pakSa ke 'candra', 'jalaja' evaM 'ravi' ke bimba se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / yaha jJAtavya dhyAtavya hai ki jahA~ anAsakti hai, vahIM nirveda bhAva hai / RSabha bharata ko upadeza dete hue kahate haiM - anAsakti kI pravara sAdhanA, bar3he zukla kA jaise candra / jala se Upara jalaja nirantara, ravi rahatA nabha meM nistaMdra / R. pR. 298 anAsakti bhAva ke jAgaraNa para mana nirmala ho jAtA hai / sAdhanA kI ora agrasara Asakti bhAva se pare bharata ke mana kI nirmalatA ko zuSka bhitti para zuSka dhUla ke upalepa na hone ke bimba se nirveda bhAva ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai 3. zuSka bhitti para zuSka dhUli kA, kabhI nahIM hotA upalepa / bharatezvara ke manaHpaTala para, nahIM rahA koI vikSepa / R. pU. 299 isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM 'nirveda' bhAva ko vistAra dete hue kavi ne upayukta bimboM kA cayana kiyA hai| vAtsalya : AcArya mahAprajJa ne vAtsalya bhAva se saMbaMdhita aneka bimba race haiN| RSabhAyaNa meM vAtsalya bhAva ke donoM pakSoM - saMyoga aura viyoga kA bimbAMkana huA hai / zizu rUpa meM unake zarIra kI kAMti svarNa evaM usakI sugaMdhi ko 'kamala' ke bimba se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai I - adbhuta rUpa hiraNyakAMti tanu, sveda - maila kA leza nahIM / AnApAna abjavat surabhita, AkRti yaha saMkleza nahIM / R. pR. 36 bAlaka RSabha kI mRdu muskAna ke lie apratyakSa rUpa se 'sumana' kA bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai kintu sumanoM, meM pratispardhA bhAva kI jAgRti se RSabha ke komala muskAna kI zreSThatA vyaMjita huI hai| mRdu muskAna nihAra, sumana meM, pratispardhA kA bhAva jagA / 245 R. pR. 37

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bAlapana meM RSabha dvArA aMguSThapAna kI kriyA ko 'amRta' AsvAda bimba se prastuta kara use puSTikAraka batAyA gayA / yahA~ bAlaka ke aMguSThapAna meM anubhAva paraka bimba ubharA hai milA amRta aMguSThapAna meM, ati poSaka AhAra banA / R. pR. 37 zizu kI svAbhAvika kriyA hai dhUla meM khelanA athavA zarIra para dhUla lapeTa lenA / zizu RSabha bhI hama umra sAthiyoM ke sAtha khelate hue dhUli - dhUsarita ho jAteM haiM, jisase barabasa hI yugaloM kA manamohita ho jAtA hai savayasa yugala kumAroM ko le, krIr3A kA prArambha kiyA / dhUlI- dhUsara kAMta deha ne, yugaloM kA mana moha liyA / / R. pR. 37 mA~ putra ko kabhI vismRta nahIM karatI / viyoga kAla meM bhI putra ke saMyoga kI yAdeM mA~ ke hRdaya meM hamezA banI rahatI haiN| RSabha jaba bhojana karane lagate the taba mA~ marUdevA apanI mamatA ke rasa se unakA abhisiMcana kiyA karatI thIM / prakRti pavana ke dvArA unheM zItalatA pradAna to karatI hI thI, mAM bhI paMkhA jhalanA nahIM bhUlatI thii| mAtA ke dvArA putra RSabha ko bhojana parosanA, bhojana karAnA, paMkhA jhalanA Adi AnubhAvika kriyAeM mA~ marUdevA ke vAtsalya bhAva kA sajIva bimba prastuta karatI haiM - yAda A rahe haiM ve vAsara, bhojana svayaM karAtI thI / apane hAthoM se parosatI, maiM dIpaka, maiM bAtI thI / bhojana kA rasa, mA~ kI mamatA, kA rasa donoM mila jAte / pavana prakRti kA, pavana paMkha kA donoM mana ko sahalAte / R. pR. 148 mAtA ke sammukha putra ho, aura putra kI lIlAe~ hoM to vaha kSaNa bahuta hI durlabha hotA hai / kavi apatya sneha se paripUrNa mA~ marUdevA ke harSAtireka ko umaMga meM thirakatI huyI 'mInAkSI' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA hai / putra viyoga meM vyathita mA~ marUdevA saMyoga kAla kI bAteM yAda kara bharata se kahatI haiM kitanA thA vaha rasamaya jIvana, bharata ! svayaM tuma sAkSI ho / rasa pallava iThalAte mAno, thiraka rahIM mInAkSI ho / 246 R.pR. 148

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putra kitanA hI jJAnI dhyAnI kyoM na ho jAya, mA~ kabhI bhI usakI cintA se mukta nahIM hotii| hara vakta putra kI sukha suvidhA kA dhyAna use lagA rahatA hai| mA~ marUdevA bhI putra RSabha ke prati cintAtura ho bharata se kahatI haiM ki grISmaRtu kI pracaMDa dhUpa meM dharatI aura bAlU bhI tapane lagatI hai, mArga meM tapate hue pattharoM ke Tukar3e hoMge, padatrANa vihIna merA putra tapate hue aise bhISaNa mArgoM se gujaratA hogaa| yaha 6 ratI hI usakI zaiyyA aura bichaunA hogI, bhalA vaha rAtribhara kaise so pAtA hogA? mA~ kI isa vAtsalya janya vyAkulatA kA bimba nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM marttamAna ho uThA hai - padatrANa nahIM caraNoM meM, patha meM hoge prastara khnndd| tapatI dharatI, tapatI bAlU, hogA ravi kA tApa prcnndd| bhUmi zaiyyA, vahI bichaunA, nIMda kahA~ se AegI ? rAtri-jAgaraNa karatA hogA, smRti vismRti bana jaaegii| R.pR. 148-149 putra viyoga kI vedanA mA~ ke lie usa samaya aura asahanIya ho jAtI hai, jaba sakSama ho jAne para putra mA~ ko bhUla kara anyatra baserA kara letA hai| putra kI isa niSThuratA kA citraNa 'haMsa' ke usa navodita 'zizu' se kiyA gayA hai, jo navIna paMkha ugate hI apanI mA~ kA tyAga kara anyatra ur3a jAte haiN| putra RSabha bhI haMsa-zizu kI bhAMti samartha hone para mA~ kA pAlana poSaNa vismRta kara munimArga para cala die| putra ke prati mA~ kI yaha ulAhanA usake hRdaya kI saMpUrNa pIr3A ko kholakara rakha detI hai - mAtA kI AMkhoM meM AMsU, putra niThura ho jAte haiN| vismRta mA~ kA poSa haMsa zizu, paMkha uge ur3a jAte haiN| R.pR. 149 kavi ne bachar3e ke pIche calane vAlI 'mAtA' ke bimba se mAtA ke vAtsalya bhAva ko vyakta kiyA hai| jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM mA~ hI eka mAtra trAtA hai, jo zizu kI sampUrNa AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kara usake klezoM kA haraNa karatI hai - mA~ bachar3e ke pIche calatI, mAtA kevala mAtA hai| navajIvana ke AdikAla meM eka mAtra vaha trAtA hai| R.pR. 149 pautra ke prati pramAtA kA vAtsalya bhAva putra kI tulanA meM kama nahIM apitu [247]

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adhika hotA hai| cUMki putra pitA kI anukRti hotA hai isalie putra kI jhalaka pautra meM sahaja hI dikhAI detI haiN| mA~ marUdevA putra viyoga se vyathita hote hue bhI isalie vicalita nahIM ho pAtI kyoMki bharata sarIkhe pautra unakI netroM ke samakSa haiN| ve RSabha ke prati apanI cintA ko ucita na mAnatI huI vAtsalya bhAva se paripUrNa parivAra ke kalyANArtha bharata ko AzISa detI haiM, jisase bharata ke hRdayAkAza meM ahlAda ke bAdala umar3ane ghumar3ane lagate haiM - ucita nahIM hai merI ciMtA, bharata tumhAre sira para ho| vatsa ! tumhArA mana maMgalamaya, sukhamaya ghara kA parikara ho|| R.pR. 149 yuddha sthala meM sUryayazA ke prati bAhubalI ke vAtsalya bhAva ko nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai jisameM zastra ko 'komala dhAgA' ke bimba se citrita kiyA gayA hai - ubhara rahA hai prema nayana meM, kara meM hai priyatA kA rkt| zastra banA hai komala dhAgA, ho jAo sahasA avyakta / R.pa. 266 isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM vAssalya paraka paryApta bimboM kI yojanA kI gaI hai| zoka - iSTa kI hAni se jo vedanAnubhUti hotI hai use zoka kahate haiN| zoka kI yaha sthiti vividha staroM para hotI hai| kisI priya kI mRtyu, vidAI athavA kisI aniSTa kI AMzakA se hRdaya vyAkula ho jAtA hai, A~khe nama ho jAtI haiM aura mukha kI AbhA niSprabha ho jAtI hai| zoka ke carama utkarSa para vyakti kI mRtyu bhI ho jAtI hai| 'RSabhAyaNa' meM RSabha ke rAjya tyAga ke saMkalpa se sudRr3ha janoM meM utpanna viyoga janya zoka, pitA ke darzana se vaMcita bAhubalI kA karUNa vilApa, girijanoM kI karUNa pukAra Adi dRzyoM meM zoka bhAva ke bimba milate haiN| pitA RSabha jaba saMyama patha para gamana kI bAta karate hai, taba bharata kA mana Akula ho uThatA hai, unake [248

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, netra A~suoM se paripUrNa ho jAte haiM, kaMThAvarodha ho jAtA hai, vANI kA~pane lagatI hai| isa dazA meM ve stambha kI bhAMti jar3avat ho jAte haiM - sajala netra kaMpita-sI vANI, kaMThakalA avarUddha stabdha huA tanu jar3ita stambha-sA, pala-pala buddha abuddh| R.pR. 84 AThaveM sarga meM takSazilA ke ramaNIka udyAna meM virAjita pitA kA darzana na karapAne ke kAraNa bAhubalI ke karUNa vilApa kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| zoka vihvala bAhubalI ke manaH saMtApa kA bimba nimna udAharaNoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - 1. darzana ke pyAse saba loka, baiThe nayana-adhRti ko roka, yaha kyA tumane kiyA azoka, kyA tama ugala rahA Aloka? R.pR. 138 takSazilA meM he bhagavAna! liyA nahIM kucha bhojnpaan| ghora upekSA kA yaha vRtta, Akhira hama bhI nAtha scitt| R.pR. 139 prathama udAharaNa meM 'darzana kI pyAsa' 'nayanoM kI adhIratA' ke bimba se zoka bhAva kA udaghATana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya udAharaNa meM takSazilA meM prabhu kA na rUkanA, bhojana pAna na karanA, tathA bAhubalI kA karUNa vilApa karanA, zoka bhAva ko hI bimbita karatA hai| zoka ke lie saritA kA bimba saMvedanA ko sajalatA pradAna karatA hai| RSabha kI judAI ke samaya janamAnasa kA karUNa vilApa aisA laga rahA thA, jaise zoka saMtapta zabdoM kI nadI baha calI ho, tathA unake sajala netroM se saMpUrNa vanasthalI abhiSikta ho gayI ho - bhAvanA kA utsa akSaya, zabda-saritA baha calI, sajala nayanoM se huI, abhiSikta pUrNa vnsthlii| R.pR. 104 'nirjhara' ke bimba se bhI zoka bhAva kI abhivyakti huyI hai| pitR viyoga se vyathita bharata karUNa rasa meM isa prakAra vicaraNa karane lagate haiM ki unake svara se zoka kA jharanA pravAhita hone lagatA hai - bharatezvara ke svara meM karUNA, rasa ne vara nirjhara rUpa liyaa| R.pR. 104 nara zizu kI mRtyu se zoka magna sunandA kI manaHsthiti kA citraNa bhI 'nirjhara' ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai| yugaloM dvArA akele bhaTaka rahI sunandA ke bAre 12491

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meM pUche jAne para usake dvArA kucha bola na pAnA, svara yaMtroM kA niSkriya evaM kaMThAvarodha ho jAnA tathA netroM ke satata A~suoM kA jharanA pravAhita hone lagatA usakI zoka magna dazA kA anyatama udAharaNa hai - kAyotsarga kiyA vANI ne, niSkriya-sA svara yaMtra huaa| kaMTha rUddha, A~sU kA nirjhara, samAdhAna kA taMtra huaa|| R.pR. 43 yUtha bhraSTa 'hariNI' ke bimba se zoka saMtapta sunandA kI manaH sthiti kA paricaya bhI nimnapaMktiyoM se milatA hai - yUthabhraSTa jaise hariNI ho, ekala hI vaha ghUma rhii| hue agocara sabhI sahAre, A~kha zUnya ko cUma rhii| R.pR. 42 zoka saMtapta pIr3A kI rekhAe~ mukha maMDala para sahaja hI ubhara AtI hai, jisase koI bhI usakI sthiti kA anumAna lagA sakatA hai| yugalagaNa jaba sunandA ko dekhate haiM, taba aisA lagatA hai, jaise Alambana hIna sunandA ke mukha maNDala para zoka kI vyathA mUrtita ho gayI ho| yugaloM ke jIvana meM asamaya mRtyu ke praveza se jo parivartana AyA use 'saghana tamomaya citrakathA' se bhI bimbita kiyA gayA hai - yugaloM ne dekhA Alambana, zUnya yuvati hai mUrta vythaa| jagata ke parivartana kI, saghana tamomaya citrkthaa|| R.pa.43 bharata kI senA se parAjita girijanoM kI sthiti kA karUNa dRzya usa samaya dekhA jA sakatA hai, jaba ve azrupUrita netroM se sahAyatArtha apane iSTadeva 'meghamukha' kI karUNa pukAra karate hai - nayana azru se Ardra girA meM, sarasa karUNa rasa gholaa| spaMdamAna kAyA kA aNu-aNa, svayaM mauna bhI bolaa|| isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM zoka bimboM kI sthApanA hayI hai| 12601

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5. vismaya - adbhuta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva vismaya hai| vismaya bhAva vicitra ghaTanA lokottara vastu athavA lokottara purUSa ke varNana se utpanna hotA hai| isameM vyavahArikatA kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa spaSTa rUpa se bimba grahaNa karane meM vyavadhAna upasthita hotA hai, jisase kavi kalpanA dvArA vismayakArI bimboM kA nirmANa karatA hai| RSabhAyaNa meM vismaya bhAva kI abhivyakti to kaI sthaloM para huyI hai, para usameM kucheka prasaMga hI bimbAtmaka ho sake haiN| sveda aura maila se virahita zizu RSabha kA svarNa ke samAna daidIpyamAna rUpa tathA zvAsa-prazvAsa se kamala ke samAna surabhi vismayakArI hai - adbhuta rUpa hiraNyakAMti tanu, sveda-maila kA leza nhiiN| AnApAna abjavat surabhita, AkRti para saMkleza nhiiN| R.pR. 36 anya zizu ke dvArA zizu RSabha kI aMguli pakar3ane para pavana ke samAna zvAsa vega se use dUra pheMka dene meM bhI vismaya bhAva kI abhivyakti huI haiN| yahA~ pavana ke bimba se zvAsa ke vega ko darzAyA gayA hai - zakti-parIkSaNa ke kSaNa meM ika, zizu ne aMguli grAhya kiyaa| zvAsa pavana ne sikatA-kaNavat, dUra kSetra avagAha kiyaa| R.pR. 38 bharata kA vismaya bhAva usa samaya dekhane yogya hai jaba RSabha ke sAtha hajAroM loga munimArga para jAne ke lie tatpara ho jAte haiN| usa samaya unakI A~khe phaTI kI phaTI raha jAtI haiM - vismaya visphArita nayana, bolA bharata nresh| kyA hogA sabake lie, prabhu kA yaha saMdeza ? R.pR. 94 bharata hI nahIM, mA~ marUdevA, patnI sunandA evaM sumaMgalA bhI RSabha ke gRha tyAga se Azcaryacakita hai| Azcarya mizrita unakI sthiratA ko 'mUrti' ke bimba se vyakta kiyA gayA hai - mAtA bhI marUdevA staMbhita, mauna mUrti-sI khar3I rhii| patnI dvaya ke mAnasa-kaMpana, se akampita huI mhii| 251 R.pR. 106

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vyoma mArga se puSpaka vimAna dvArA nami vinami kA ayodhyA meM utaranA vahA~ kI janatA ke lie vismayakArI hai| usa samaya dharatI para utara rahe puSpaka vimAna kI AbhA kA citraNa bAdaloM ke madhya kauMdha rahI vidyata rekhA ke bimba se kI gayI hai - yaha kauna A rahA dekho vyoma vihArI? tApasa yuga ne taba ghaTanA naI nihArI / dharatI para utarA yAna tanuja ko dekhA, kauMdhI dhArAdhara meM bijalI kI rekhaa| R.pR. 124 samavasaraNa meM tyAgI RSabha ke ThATabATa ko dekhakara marUdevA ke mana meM vismaya ke bAdala ghanIbhUta ho jAte haiM - dekhA mA~ ne vibhu kA vaibhava, vismaya kA ghana saghana huaa| svayaM akiMcana kAMcana pIche, lagatA jaise magana huaa|| R.pR. 154 bharata ke digvijaya ke pazcAt cakravartI abhinandana samAroha meM baMdhu bAMdhavoM kI anupasthiti se rAjya sabhA meM vyApta sannATA, mUkatA, nIravatA bhI vismayakArI hai sannATA sA rAjya sabhA meM, vismita locana mauna akhaNDa bhASaka jana bhI hue abhASaka, nIravatA hai daNDa prcNdd| R.pR. 191 bAhubalI kI senA ke samakSa bharata ke samAna balavAna putra (sUryayazA) kI upasthiti se bhI unakI senA kA vidhvaMza vismayakArI hai - svAmIn! suta nava tulya balI haiM, dekha rahe haiM senaa-dhvNsh| adbhuta kaise raNabhUmi meM, panapA niSkriyatA kA vaMza ? R.pR. 262 yuddha ke daramyAna bAhubalI ke dakSiNa kara meM cakra ko virAjita dekhakara bharata usI prakAra vismita ho jAte haiM, jisa prakAra kRSaka aMkura ko gulma ke rUpa meM parivartita dekhakara vismita ho jAtA hai - saMzaya aura vikalpa zrRMkhalA, eka palaka meM huI prlNb| dekha rahA hai kRSaka savismaya, aMkura kaise kSaNa meM staMba | R.pR. 286 astu uparyukta saMdarbho meM RSabhAyaNa meM vismayabhAva kI abhivyakti huyI hai| 1201

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utsAha - RSabhAyaNa meM utsAha bhAva para AdhArita aneka bimba nirmita hue haiN| utsAha bhAva kA bimbAMkana adhikAMzataH yuddha ke pariprekSya meM huA hai| cItA ko dekhakara bhAgate hue mRga ke bimba se bharata kI senA kA utsAha bhAva vyakta huA hai| senAnI ke khaDga ratna ke prahAra se girijana raNakSetra se vaise hI palAyana kara jAte haiM, jaise mRga ne cItA dekha liyA ho - senAnI ne khaDga ratna le, kSaNa meM saba ko jItA | kiyA palAyana jaise mRga ne, dekha liyA ho ciitaa|| R.pR. 171 svataMtratA sabako priya hotI hai| dRr3ha saMkalpI vyakti pariNAma kI paravAha kie binA vijayollAsa se paripUrNa saMgharSa ke prati AsthAvAna ho, apane zaurya kA pradarzana karatA rahatA hai| svataMtratA ko apanA janmasiddha adhikAra mAnate hue girijana utsAhapUrvaka apane saMkalpa para aTala haiM - janma siddha adhikAra svavazatA, para vaza nahIM bneNge| acala aTala saMkalpa jayazrI kI mAlA phneNge| nagA R.pR. 172 'sUrya' aura 'tama' ke bimba se bAhubalI ke tejasa va yuddha kI vibhISikA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| AkrAntA bhAI bharata ke pratikUla yuddha ke lie sannaddha dRr3ha pratijJaya bAhubalI kA cintana zaurya se paripUrNa hai - saMkalpa hamArA pAvanatama dRr3hatama hai kyA sUrya DaregA yadyapi gaharA tama hai| R.pR. 252 tela ke saMcAra se prajvalita dIpaka kI 'jyoti' se bAhubalI kI senA ke utsAha kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| rathArUr3ha siMha ratha ko raNakSetra meM Age bar3hate hue dekhakara unakI senA kA manobala usI prakAra se bar3hane lagA jaise TimaTimAte hue dIpaka meM taila kA saMcAra kara dene para usakI jyoti bar3ha jAtI hai| bar3hA siMhastha kA ratha Age, bar3hA manobala amitAkAra Tima Tima karate jyoti dIpa meM, huA taila kA nava sNcaar| R.pR. 255 [253]

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matavAle hAthI ke bimba se anilavega ke zaurya ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| yuddha meM anila vega bharata ke senAnI ke dhanuSa ko vaise hI tor3a detA hai, jaise mada masta hAthI bA~sa ke samUha ko kSaNa meM naSTa kara detA hai - anilavega ne senApati ke, kiyA dhanuSa kA pala meM dhvNsh| mada se matta mataMgaja se jyoM, unmUlita ho jAtA vNsh|| R.pR. 258 pralaMyakArI pavana evaM jvAra ke bimba se anila vega kA zaurya varNana sarAhanIya hai| anila vega, bharata kI senA meM vidhvaMsa ke uddezya se pralaMyakArI pavana kI bhA~ti isa prakAra praveza karate haiM jaise sAgara meM jvAra A gayA ho - avasara dekhA anila vega ne, pralaya pavana kA le aakaar| cakrI kI senA meM utarA, AyA aMbhonidhi meM jvaar|| R.pR. 260 anilavega ke zaurya ko vikhaMDita karane ke lie bharata usa para isa prakAra TUTa par3ate haiM jaise 'bAja' pakSI 'kapota' para jhapaTa par3A ho-yahA~ 'bAjapakSI' kapota ke bimba se kramazaH bharata aura anilavega ke zaurya kA tulanAtmaka rUpa prastuta kiyA gayA haiM - anilavega kI anuzreNI meM, jhapaTA pArApata para baaj| R.pR. 261 bharata ke zaurya ko vegavAna 'pavana' ke bimba se bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai| zakti parIkSaNa meM sainikoM se jakar3I huI sA~kala ko bharata vaise hI khIMca lete haiM jaise tIvragAmI pavana se Ahata patte vRkSoM kI DAliyoMse TUTakara pRthvI para gira jAte haiM - bharatezvara ne khIMcI sAMkala, khiMca Ae sainika niHshess| anila vega se Ahata tarU kA, patra chor3a dete haiM desh|| R.pR. 273 'kezariyA bAnA' se susajjita bharata evaM bAhubalI kI senA ko apanI-apanI vijaya kA adamya vizvAsa hai, aura yaha vizvAsa unameM utsAha kA vardhana karatI hai - jaya kA nizcaya hai sabako solaha aanaa| nizcita hogA sArthaka kezariyA baanaa| R.pR. 181 [254]

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krodha - RSabhAyaNa meM krodha bhAva ke vyaMjaka aneka bimba haiN| ghaTanAoM evaM upamAnoM se kavi ne krodha kI saphala vyaMjanA kI hai| bhRkuTi kA tananA, A~khoM meM khUna utara AnA Adi anubhAvoM ke varNana se krodha ke bimba banate haiN| bharata kI senA ke AkramaNa se pavana vega ke samAna apanI senA kA palAyana dekhakara krodha se bAhubalI kI bhRkuTi tana jAtI hai, aura unakI A~khoM meM khUna utara AtA hai - huA palAyana pavanavega se, bahalIzvara ne dekhA srv| tanA bhRkuTi kA deza cakSu meM utarA arUNa varNa kA prv|| R.pR. 254 prajjvalita agni kI dAhakatA ke bimba se bhI krodha kI jvalanazIlatA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| anilavega ke bhISaNa prahAra se palAyana karatI huyI apanI senA ko dekhakara bharata krodhagni meM calate hue divya astroM kA prakSepa karate haiM, jisase devendra bhI acaMbhita ho jAte haiM - kopAnala se jvalita bharata ne, pheMkA divya zaktimaya cakra / aMtarikSa kI jvAlAoM se vismita cakita huA sura zakra || R.pR. 261 bAdaloM ke madhya kauMdhatI huI bijalI ke bimba se krodha ko dRzyatA pradAna kI gayI hai| bacapana meM bharata ke AghAta ke badale meM bAhubalI jaba una para pratighAta karane ke lie mur3ate haiM taba sveda binduoM se snAta unakI krodhamayI mudrA aisI lagatI hai jaise AkAza meM bAdaloM ke madhya bijalI kauMdha gayI ho - kara pRSThabhAga meM muSTi-ghAta meM daur3A, pratighAta hetu jaba bhAI ne mukha modd'aa| taba kauMdha gaI nabha meM kopAmbuda bijalI, UrjA kI bUMde bikharI ujlii-ujlii| R.pR. 246 bharata ke divyAstra se anilavega ko mRta dekhakara krodha se jalate hue ratnAri ne pavana vega ke samAna bharata kI senA para aisA AkramaNa kiyA jaise Aja hI yuddha kA samApana ho jAegA - 12551

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vidyAdhara ratnAri kopa se, jvalita huA vaha dRzya nihaar| pavanavega sA AyA mAno, hogA raNa kA upsNhaar| R.pR. 261 bharataputra zArdUla aura vidyAdhara sugati ke dvArA eka dUsare para AkramaNa ke phalasvarUpa krodhAbhivyaMjaka bimba nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - rUddha huA zArdUla sugati se, dekhA ravi ne ati oNttop| zUnya gagana para huA kopa kA, mAno bhISaNatama aarop|| R.pR. 264 krodha aura Aveza bhAva kA udghATana, pakSiyoM para AkramaNa karane vAle 'bAja' pakSI ke bimba se bhI kiyA gayA hai| krodhAveza meM zArdUla sugati kA ziroccheda vaise hI kara dete haiM jaise bAja pakSI jhapaTakara kisI bhI pakSI kA aMta kara detA hai jhapaTA jaise bAja vihaga para, kiyA sugati ke sira kA ched| R.pR. 264 bAhubalI ke daNDa prahAra kI krodhAgni se prajjavalita bharata kA mukhamaMDala ati vikarAla dikhAI dene lagatA hai| parAjaya kI isa anubhUti se unakI samagra cetanA krodha se paripUrNa ho jAtI haiN| yahA~ krodhAgni se jalanA, mukhamaMDala kI vikarAlatA, krodhAbhivyaMjaka hai - tana kA paurUSa, bala mAnasa kA, krodha agni kA UrjA jaal| vyakta huA bharateza kleza se, mukhamaNDala lagatA vikraal|| R.pR. 283 kopAviSTa samagra cetanA, aura parAjaya kI anubhUti, jyoti huI Acchanna bhasma se, nahIM rahI pratyakSa vibhuuti| R.pR. 283 'raudra mUrti' kI pracaMDatA ke bimba se bAhubalI ke krodha kI abhivyakti kI gaI hai| pUrNa parAjaya ke pazcAt bharata ne bAhubalI para jaba cakra se prahAra kiyA taba badale meM 'musTitAne' bAhubalI, bharata para AkramaNa karane ke uddezya se isa prakAra daur3e jaise ve rUdra kI sAkSAt pratimA ho - uThA hAtha, tana gaI muSTi bhI, daur3A bharatezvara kI or| raudra mUrti se lagI Tapakane, sAdhvasa kI dhArA ati ghor| R.pR. 287 isa prakAra kavivarya ne krodha janya bimboM kI yojanA saphalatA pUrvaka kI hai| 256

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8. bhaya - RSabhAyaNa meM bhaya bhAva ke paryApta bimba nirUpita hue haiN| kalpavRkSoM dvArA bhojanapAna kI vyavasthA se hAtha khIMca lene para kulakara kA yugaloM ke bharaNa-poSaNa se saMbaMdhita bhUkha kA bhaya satAne lgaa| bhUkha ko tApa se adhika bhayaMkara kahakara usake bhayAvaha rUpa ko bimbita kiyA gayA hai - aba kyA hogA? bhaya se Akula, kulakara kA sArA parivAra | bhUkha-tApa se adhika bhayaMkara, haMta! bhUkha ke bhaya kA taar|| R.pU. 69 tana kA sihara jAnA, mana meM anabUjhA sA kaMpana, jIvana kA Thahara jAnA Adi anubhAvoM kA upayoga bhaya vyaMjaka bimba ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| nara zizu kI mRtyu ke pazcAt jar3avat sunandA ko dekhakara usake mAtA-pitA ke mAnasa paTala para anAma bhaya kA saMcAra isa prakAra hone lagA jaise jIvana kI gati hI Thahara gayI ho - dUra sthita mA~ aura pitA kA, anajAne tana sihara gyaa| mana meM anabUjhA-sA kaMpana, jIvana jaise Thahara gyaa| R.pR. 40 zakti kI bhayAvahatA kA citraNa AkAza meM AcchAdita bAdala ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai| zakti sampanna vyakti durbala jana ke astitva ko bhaya ke ghaTATopa se Dhaka lete haiM - sabala manuja kA durbala jana para, bhaya ghana bana chA jaataa| devi ! nahIM tuma raha pAtI ho, taba mamatAmaya maataa| R.pR. 162 kAle-kAle bAdaloM kI chaTA tathA bijalI kI camaka se bhaya bhAva ko bimbAyita kiyA gayA hai| girijanoM ke nivedana se bharata ke AkramaNa ko viphala karane hetu devakRta meghamukhoM kI mUsalAdhAra vRSTi se bharata kI senA bhayAkula ho kA~pa sI jAtI hai - sahasA zyAmala aMbhodhara kI, ghaTA gagana meM chaaii| musala sadRza varSA kI dhArA, kAMpa uThA senaanii| AMdolita senA kA mAnasa, kisane likhI khaanii| R.pR. 175 257

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... ... AcArya zrI ne dhvani (siMhanAda) ke prabhAva se aneka bimba gar3he haiM, siMha ratha ke bhISaNa siMhanAda se bharata kI senA ke mAnasapaTala para raNakSetra meM bAhubalI athavA iMdra kI upasthiti kA saMdeha paraka bimba ubharane lagA, jisase ve aura bhI adhika bhayAkula ho rahA raNa kSetra se palAyana karane lage - siMhanAda se huA prakaMpita, bharatezvara kA senaa-ckr| kiyA palAyana yoddhAgaNa ne, kauna ? bAhubalI athavA zaka | R.pR. 255 dUsarI ora divya AyudhoM se susajjita bharata ke senApati ke siMhanAda se bAhubalI kI senA bhI bhayAkrAMta ho jAtI hai| divya zastra se sajjita hokara, sammakha AyA senaadhiish| siMhanAda se kiyA prakaMpita, bahalIzvara senA kA shiish| R.pR. 259 sugati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bharataputra sUryayazA ke parAkrama ko avarodhita karane ke lie bAhubalI siMhanAda karate hue yuddha kSetra meM praveza kie| unake pracaMDa siMhanAda se prakaMpita bharata kI senA palAyana karane ke lie vivaza ho gayI - .. svayaM bAhubalI Ae Age, siMhanAda kA eka ninaad| cakrIzvara kI senA kaMpita, huA palAyana kA anuvaad| R.pR. 265 bAhubalI kI pratispardhA meM bharata ke siMhanAda se saMpUrNa dizAeM vyApta ho gayIM, jisase pRthvI, tarUvara evaM gaganacArI bhI bhaya se AkrAnta ho gae - bharatezvara ke siMhanAda se, dig diganta meM huA ninAda / bhUmi kaMpita, kaMpita tarUvara, ambaracArI bhI bhayabhIta / kauna abhayadAtA aba hogA? abhaya svayaM hai shbdaatiit| R.pR. 278 parAjita bharata dvArA bAhubalI ke cakra prakSepa se dharatI para 'kolAhala' hone lagA, jisase devatA aura danuja bhI bhaya se vyAkula ho gae / isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM dhvani paraka bimboM se bhayabhAva kI yatheSTa abhivyaMjanA huI hai| --00-- 2581

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jugupsA 'kisI doSa yukta vastu ko dekhane, sunane, smaraNa athavA sparza se citta me jo kiMcita ghRNA kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai, use 'jugupsA' kahate hai'1) zoSaNa ke sambandha meM kavi ne isa bhAva kA niyojana kiyA hai| dUsare kA zoSaNa kara svayaM ke poSaNa meM rata vyakti kA karma ghRNAspada evaM tyAjya hotA hai| zoSaNa kI isa jugupsA vyaMjaka vRtti ko vRkSoM ke zoSaNa meM rata 'amarabela' 'vAnaspatika bimba' se prastuta kiyA gayA hai amarabela ne ArohaNa kara, kiyA vRkSa kA zoSa, vaha kaisA prANI jo karatA, para zoSaNa nija poss| kitanA hAya jugupsita karma, lajjita ho jAtI hai shrm| R.pR.80 yudhyasthala meM logo ke lahU se tRpta hone vAlI 'samaradevI ke bimba se mAnava kI ghRNAspada vRtti 'kUratA' kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| yudhda me raktaraMjita yaha bhUmi jo vastutaH sabhI prANiyo kA bharaNa poSaNa karatI hai kyA vaha apane ahaM kI saMtuSTi ke uddezya se yudhda ko AmaMtraNa dene vAle manuSya para kabhI prasanna ho sakatI hai ? tRpta hotI samara devI, prANa kA balidAna le, vaha samara kaise manuja ko, prANa kA AyAma de| nija ahaM ko puSTa karane, kI mahecchA yudhda hai| rakta-raMjita bhUmi nara kI, krUratA para krudhda hai| R.pR.220 RSabhAyaNa meM sImita rUpa meM hI jugupsAparaka bimba nirmita hue haiN| --00-- 10. rati RSabhAyaNa meM rati bhAva se saMbaMdhita ekAdha bimba hI milate haiN| cU~ki isa mahAkAvya ke racayitA eka mahAna sAdhaka hai, isalie rati viSayaka bimboM meM unakA mana raMcamAtra bhI nahIM ramA hai, phira bhI prakRti ke Agoza meM eka viyoga rati viSayaka | 259

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vinItA nagarI ko 'samarAMgaNa kI gItA' tathA bharata ke hRdaya ko 'mAdaka rasa se bhRta pyAlI' se bimbAyita kiyA gayA hai| vijayoparAMta nami-vinami se asImita upahAra tathA gaMgA taTa para navanidhiyoM kA varadAna prApta kara bharata apanI usa vinItA nagarI kI ora prasthAna karate haiM, jo samarAMgaNa kI gItA banI huI hai| unake jisa hRdaya rUpI pyAlI meM bhAiyoM ke prati mamatA kA rasa honA cAhie thA aba vaha mAdaka ahaMkAra ke rasa se paripUrNa haiM - aba lakSya banI hai nagarI vimala viniitaa| jo banI haI hai samarAMgaNa kI giitaa| apane mana kI hotI hai kathA niraalii| mAdaka rasa se mRta hai mamatA kI pyaalii| R.pR.185 'jAti' 'kula' aura 'zakti' kI zreSThatA ke bimba se bhI bharata ke hRdaya meM vyApta mada bhAva ko rekhaMkita kiyA gayA hai jAti aura kula, bala ke mada se, vyathita niraMtara manuSa samAja, bAhara se saMgharSa prasphuTita , bhItara me hai mada kA raaj| R.pR.215 kAma, krodha, lobha, mada, ahaMkAra mAnava ke zatru haiN| yA yoM kaheM ye mAnasika roga haiN| 'ahaMkAra' ko usa asAdhya roga ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisakI vizva meM kahIM bhI cikitsA upalabdha nahIM haiN| anilavega bharata ke senApati se kahatA hai yudhda-vijaya se upajA hai yaha, ahaMkAra kA roga asAdhya / nahI vizva meM kahIM cikitsA, mama vidyA-bala se vaha sAdhya .R.pR.256 ahaM athavA mada bhAva ke lie 'gaja' kA bhI bimba prayukta kiyA gayA haiN| sidhdi prApti meM yaha bhAva sabase bar3A avarodhaka hai| bAhubalI bhI isa ahaM bhAva ke kAraNa prabhu kA darzana nahIM kara pA rahe haiN| isa saMsAra sAgara kA saMtaraNa to karUNA, samatA rUpI naukA se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai baMdho ! utaro, gaja se utaro, aba bhUmi kA miTTI kA anubhava hogA taba / 261]

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gaja-ArohI prabhu-sammukha pahuMca na pAtA, AdIzvara Izvara samatala kA udgAtA / isa ahaMbhAva ne bhAI! patha rokA hai, isa bhava sAgara meM mArdava hI naukA hai| R.pR.294 --00-- 2. zaMkAbhAva viSama, anaSTi athavA iSTa hAni ke vicAra ko 'zaMkA' kahate haiN| RSabhAyaNa meM zaMkA bhAva ke aneka bimba prayukta hue haiN| tAlaphala ke AghAta se nara zizu ke nirjIva zarIra ko dekhane ke pazcAt yugala dampati ke hRdaya meM mRtyu ke prati eka aisI saMzaya kI rekhA nirmita ho gayI, jisakA koI nidAna nahIM Ae tAlavRkSa-parisara meM, dekhA, jo na kabhI dekhA, kahA oNkha ne, kiMtu hRdaya para, khacita rahI sNshy-rekhaa| R.pR.40 akAla mRtyu kI bhayAvaha sthiti meM murajhAe hue sumana ke bimba se prayukta kara sunandA prakRti ke "unmeSa nimeSa' caka ke prati zaMkAlu ho uThatI hai murajhAyA suma nahIM khilegA, tAta! mRtyu kA artha yahI ? yA unmeSa-nimeSa-cakra hai, kyA yaha dhArA sadA bahI ? R.pR. 41 jhuramuTa se jhAMkate hue sUrya kI kiraNoM ke bimba se mAnava kI zaMkAlu pravRtti kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai latA maMDapoM ke prAMgaNa meM, tama kA ati aatNk| jhuramuTa aura nikuMja kuMja se, sUraja kiraNa sshNk| vallabha hai Atapa kA aMka, zaMkAkula Izvara bhI rNk| R.pR. 80 R.pU. 80 zaMkA bhAva bhI abhivyakti 'Amaya kara peya' ke bimba se bhI kI gayI hai| zAsana taMtra kA upadeza dete hue RSabha bharata se kahate haiM, zreSTha zAsana vaha hai jo janatA kI saMpUrNa duvidhAoM kA samAdhAna kre| yadi janatA kI duvidhA kA zAsana ddhArA zamana nahIM hotA to vaha usa peya padArtha kI bhaoNti hai jo vyAdhi kA kAraNa hotA hai 262

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janatA kI duvidhA miTe, zAsana kA hai dhyey| duvidhA kI yadi vRdhdi ho, vaha Amayakara peya / / R.pR.89 majhadhAra meM phaMsI DagamagAtI naukA ke bimba se bhrAtR sneha ke prati bharata ke mana meM utpanna zaMkAbhAva kA bayAna nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ karatI haiN| bharata kI soca meM isa parivartana kA kAraNa maMtrI kI kuTila maMtraNA hai soca meM parivarta AyA, nara vicitra svabhAva hai| baMdhu ke sambandha kI majha, dhAra meM aba nAva hai| R.pR. 226 saMzaya ke lie 'kArA' kA bimba durbala mAnava ke pariprekSya meM bahuta hI saTIka hai| saMzaya ko ugate hue phUla ke bimba se bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| bAhubalI saMzaya grasta bharata ko saMbodhita karate hue kahate haiM - jaba ahaMkAra kI paraspara TakarAhaTa hotI hai tabhI dhUla dhUsarita netroM meM saMzaya ke phUla khilate haiN| jaba taka hama isa saMzaya kI kArA se mukta nahIM hogeM taba taka yuddha meM dhana-jana kI hAni hotI hI rahegI - ahaM ahaM se TakarAtA taba, uThatA garamI kA vAtula dhUla-dhUsarita nayanoM meM phira, ugate haiM saMzaya ke phuul| R.pR. 269 isa saMzaya kI kArA se kaba, hoMge baMdhupravara! hama mukta ? aise jana-dhana kA kSaya karanA, kaise kahalAegA mukta / R.pR. 270 dvandva yuddha kI ghoSaNA se, bAhubalI ke dRr3hatapa tathA bharata ke komala zarIra se, vijaya ke prati bharata kI senA zaMkAlu ho uThatI hai - 'dRr3ha' aura 'komala' sparzita bimba se bAhubalI kI zakti sampannatA tathA bharata kI nirbalatA kA Akalana sahaja meM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai - ciMtita bharatezvara kI senA, svAmI kI hai komala deh| aMga bAhubalI kA dRr3hatama hai, vijaya-varaNa meM hai sNdeh| R.pR. 272 isa prakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ne RSabhAyaNa meM zaMkA janya bimboM kA saphalatApUrva aMkana kiyA hai| --00-- 12631

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3. moha bhaya, viyoga Adi se bhrama utpanna hokara citta meM vyAkulatA kA utpanna honA aura usase vastu kA yathArtha jJAna na raha jAnA moha hai|) mamatA moha kA hI eka rUpa hai| RSama ke prayAsa evaM prabhAva se yaugalika jIvana meM parivAra saMsthA kA vikAsa huaa| abhI taka jo yugala kalpa vRkSoM kI chAyA meM mAyA-moha se virata unmukta jIvana jIte the aba unameM mamakAra vRti se mAtA, pitA, bhAI, patnI, putra, dhana, ghara Adi ke baMdhanoM ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hane lgaa| ye baMdhana moha ke hI baMdhana haiN| yahAM pArivArika saMbaMdhoM ke bimba se moha baMdhana ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai - mama mAtA, mama pitA sahodara, merI patnI, merA putr| merA ghara hai, merA dhana hai, saghana huA mamatA kA suutr|| R.pR.68 'asi' aura 'myAna' ke bimba se bhI mamatA moha bhAva ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| kisI bhI vastu ke prati pratibaddhatA moha kA kAraNa hai| jisa prakAra 'asi' kI vizrAMti 'myAna' meM hai, usI prakAra yugaloM kI pratibaddhatA apane ghara, kRSi, bhUmi, vana, udyAna taka hI simaTa kara raha gayI - apanA ghara, apanI kRSibhUmi, apanA vana, apanA udyAna maryAdA meM nizrita saba jana, prApta huA hai asi ko myAna R.pR.69 moha bhAva ke bar3ha jAne para sAmAjika maryAdAoM kA bhI atikramaNa hone lagatA hai, paristhitiyA~ to nimitta mAtra hotI hai - maryAdA ke atikramaNa kA, upAdAna vaiyaktika moh| hai nimitta paristhiti, usase, kallolita hotA vidroh|| R.pR.73 'komala dhAgoM ke bimba se mamatA-moha kI pragAr3hatA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| caitanya manuSya bhI sAMsarika viSaya-vikAroM ke kAraNa mohAMdha ho jAtA hai| jaba taka vaha mamatA ke taTabaMdhoM ko nahIM tor3atA taba taka isa vikAra se mukta nahIM ho paataa| dharma pravartana ke lie vyAkala RSabha ciMtana karate haiM - 12641

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mamatA ke komala dhAgoM se banatA manuja samAja ! mamatA kI ati hI karatI hai, mAnava mana para rAja toDUM mamatA kA taTabaMdha, jisase banatA sanayana aMdha / / R. pR. 82 prema meM tyAga hotA hai, moha meM svArtha / svArtha ke vazIbhUta mana upalabdha vastu I ke tyAga se pIr3ita hotA hai| muni mArga para agrasara RSabha ke rAjyatyAga se bharata kI pIr3A vastutaH unake prati mohagrastatA kI pIr3A hai isIlie unheM unake kamalavat caraNoM kI chAyA meM jo sukha rUpI zItalatA milatI hai, vaha zItalatA 'Ata patroM' kI chAyA meM saMbhava nahIM hai pada - paMkaja kI chAyA meM hai, jo zItala anubhAva Atapatra kI chAyA meM hai, usakA satata abhAva / R.pU. 85 'jala' aura 'tarU' ke bimba se mohagrasta mAnava kA bimba aprastuta vidhAna ke aMtargata kiyA gayA hai / RSabha jaise virATa vyaktitva ke lie mamatA moha kA baMdhana eka jhaTake se tor3anA AsAna hai kintu sAmAnya vyakti ke lie nahIM / jisa prakAra jala se tarU kA poSaNa hotA hai, vaise hI mamatA se vyakti kA poSaNa hotA hai / mitra aura parivArajanoM ke kathana meM moha kA hI bimba nirmita hotA hai mitra aura parivAra jana, bole vaca sAkroza, duSkara gRha kA tyAga hai, jala hI tarU kA poSa / R. pU. 99 mAyA moha ke baMdhanoM se mukta RSabha ko sukha se vicaraNa karane kI bAta kahate hue bharata kahate haiM ki yaha nagara nivAsa bhI baMdhana kA kAraNa hai yaha baMdhana hai pura-vAsa prabho ! tuma mukta hue sukha se vicaro / R. pR. 104 rAgayukta vyakti isa samarAMgaNa rUpI saMsAra kA parityAga nahIM kara sktaa| nirmamatva vyakti hI mamatA ke baMdhanoM se sahajatA se mukta ho sakatA hai, bharata RSabha se kahate haiM - nirmamatva tuma, hama mamatA ke, komala dhAgoM se Abaddha, rAgamukta tuma, rAgayukta hama, samarAMgaNa meM haiM sannaddha / - 265 R. pR. 105

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sRSTi meM moha saMpUrNa prapaMca kA kAraNa hai| moha vyakti ko mAyA meM lIna karatA hai, jisase vyakti sahajatA se ubara nahIM paataa| yahA~ moha ko saMpUrNa manovikAroM ke senAnAyaka ke rUpa meM bimbita kiyA gayA hai| zreNI ArohaNa kI prakriyA se hI moha bhAva kA zamana ho sakatA hai - senAnAyaka moha karAla, sArA usakA maayaajaal| zeSa ho gayA aMtardvandva, aMtarjagat huA nirdvandva || R.pR. 144 - moha ke lie 'madhu' AsvAdya bimba kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bharata dvArA bhejA gayA dUta bAhubalI se kahatA hai ki parivAra nRpati kI tejasvitA kA AvaraNa hai| svajanoM ke prati moha bhAva kA honA svAbhAvika hai| isIlie suta svajanoM ke moha rUpI madhu ke prabhAva se unake talavAra kI tIkSNa dhAra bhI kuMThita ho gayI hai| nRpati kI tejasvitA kA, AvaraNa parivAra hai| suta svajana kA moha madhu se, lipta asi kI dhAra hai|| R.pR. 239 isa prakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ne prasaMgAnukUla moha bhAva kA bimbAkaMna kiyA --00-- 2861

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4. spRhA RSabhAyaNa meM vividha prasaMgoM meM spRhA bhAva ke paryApta bimba milate haiN| RSabha ke paurUSa evaM pratibhA se prabhAvita yugaloM kI hArdika icchA hai ki ve prathama rAjA ke dAyitva kA nirvAha karate hue unake sabhI saMkaToM ko dUra kreN| yahAM saMkaTa mocana bimba se RSabha ke avatArI svarUpa ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| bana rAjA sabakA saMkaTa dUra karo he ! saMkaTa-mocana! jana-jana kA pIra haro hai ! R.pR. 53 icchA vikAsa va navanirmANa ko navIna dizA detI hai, yahA~ dugdha ke vividha parivartanoM ke bimba se saIcchA kI abhivyakta huyI hai - icchA se icchA bar3hatI hai, icchA kA apanA hai cakra | dUdha janma detA hai dadhi ko, dadhi se phira banatA hai tkr|| R.pR. 62 RSabha dvArA saMyama patha para prasthAna karane kI ghoSaNA se vyathita jana samAja unase vilaga nahIM rahanA caahtaa| ve sabhI to usa sRSTi kA svAgata karanA cAhate haiM jisameM rAjA svayaM RSabhadeva hoM - RSabha prabhu rAjA rahe, usa sRSTi kA hai svAgataM / RSabha rAjA jo na ho, vaha sRSTiparva anAgataM / / R.pR. 95 RSabha ke sAtha tyAga patha para calane ke lie tatpara kaccha mahAkaccha kI icchAoM kA aMkana 'madhukara' aura 'kamala' ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai| kaccha mahAkaccha kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra bhramara kamala ke parAga kA pAna tanmayatA se karatA hai usI prakAra hama bhI prabhu ke kamalavat caraNoM ke parAga kA rasapAna kreNge| madhukara bana leMge sadA, prabhu caraNAbja praag| zraddhAmaya anurAga se, vikasita vizada viraag|| R.pR. 100 ayodhyA se prasthAna ke samaya bAhubalI aura bharata pitA zrI se bahuta kucha kahanA cAhate haiM, para kaha nahIM paate| jahAM bharata ko RSabha ke vyaktitva meM sAgara ke samAna atyadhika gaharAI dikhAI detI hai vahIM bAhubalI ko koI mArga nahIM suujhtaa| 12671

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nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ bhrAtAdvaya kI mUka IcchA kA sAkSI hai - cAhatA hai bharata kahanA, kintu jaladhi athAha hai| aura bAhubalI na koI, khoja pAyA rAha hai|| R.pR. 104 aTThAnabe putra pitA RSabha se apane-apane rAjyoM meM Akara svayaM kI khoja-khabara lene kI icchA vyakta karate haiN| unakI yaha IcchA 'jalada' aura 'kRSaka' ke bimba se vyakta huI hai| jisa prakAra ghanaghaTA ko dekha kRSaka kRSikarma ke nirvAha kI icchA se harSita ho jAtA hai, vaise hI apane-apane rAjyoM meM pitA ke Agamana se patragaNa bhI harSita honA cAhate haiM - deva! hamAre rAjyoM meM bhI, karanA pAvana crnnsprsh| ghaTA jalada kI dekha kRSaka ke, mana meM hogA atizaya harSa / R.pR. 106 Ayudha zAlA meM cakraratna kI utpatti se ullasita bharata kI tIvra IcchAoM ke paMkha laga jAte haiN| unakI isa IcchA kA pradarzana khaga-zAvaka ke uge hue una navIna paMkhoM ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai jo use ur3ane ke lie Atura karate rahate haiM - pulakita tana mana ke aNu-aNu meM, gauravamaya ullAsa jgaa| ur3ane ko Atura khaga-zAvaka, nayA-nayA jyoM paMkha ugaa|| R.pR. 151 IcchA kA vRhad rUpa mahatvAkAMkSA hai| yaha mahatvAkAMkSA sad bhI hotI hai, asad bhI hotI hai| mAnava meM jaba asad mahatvAkAMkSA kA sUtrapAta hotA hai taba vaha 'zoSaNa jaisI hiMsAtmaka gatividhiyoM ko apanAtA hai| zaktisampanna lokamAnasa ke pariprekSya meM AcArya pravara ne 'amarabela' ke bimba se prabala mahatvAkAMkSI zoSaka kI durvRtti ko prastuta kiyA hai manuja mahatvAkAMkSI para para, nija adhikAra jamAtA | amarabela-sA zoSaka para kI, sattA para itthlaataa|| R.pR. 162 IcchAeM ananta hotI haiN| eka spRhA hone ke pazcAt dUsarI spRhA svayaM utpanna ho jAtI hai| yaha sahajAt vRtti hai| mAnava kI ananta IcchA ko usa pyAse RAAT

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vyakti ke bimba se vyakta kiyA gayA hai jo saba kucha prApta kara lene ke bAvajUda bhI pyAsA hI rahatA hai| bharata ke digvijaya ke saMbaMdha meM nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ dRSTavya hai - calA kAphilA ratnoM kA le, digjaya kI zubha AzA / saba kucha pAkara bhI mAnava mana rahatA pratipala pyAsA / / R. pR. 165 'sAgara' aura 'madhukara ke bimba se bharata kI atRpta IcchA kA bimbAMkana abhUtapUrvaka hai itanI nadiyoM kA jala lekara, nahIM huA yaha sAgara tRpta / darpa bar3hA hai pA parAga rasa, madhukara Aja huA hai dRpta / R. pR. 193 mahatvAkAMkSA rUpI bAr3ha nadI ke saMpUrNa taTabandhoM ko tor3a amaryAdA kA hI pradarzana karatI hai| aTThAnabe putra bharata kI amaryAdita AkAMkSA kA udghATana evaM unake yuddha ke AmaMtraNa ko 'nadI kI bAr3ha' ke bimba se prastuta karate hue pitA RSabha se kahate haiM - pUra nIra kA AyA prabhuvara ! usako do nUtana taTa-baMdha | R. pR. 196 aMgArakara ke svapna se bhI tRSNA yAnI atRpta IcchA kI ora saMketa karate hue use lambe cIra ke bimba se vyakta kiyA gayA hai tAlAboM kA, saritAoM kA, Akhira aMbhonidhi kA nIra / piyA citra! phira bhI hai pyAsA, tRSNA kA laMbA hai cIra / / R. pR. 199 anaMta IcchAeM bhI yuddha kA kAraNa banatI haiN| sAgara kI gaharAI ke bimba bharata kI atRpta icchA kA citraNa nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM hai dRSTavya - bharata ne jIte sabhI nRpa, bAhubalI saMtuSTa hai, cAha kI kaba thAha sAgara, tIra se kyA tuSTa hai ? R. pR. 229 isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM spRhA bhAva kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai / --00- 269

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harSa iSTa padArtha kI prApti se utpanna citta kI prasannatA ko harSa kahate haiM / (4) prathama kulakara ke pada para adhiSThita hone ke pazcAt saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa vaise hI praphullita ho uThA jaise bAla ravi ke abhyudaya se prAtaHkAlIna belA usakI svarNima kiraNoM se maNDita ho jAtI hai 5. - pUrA vAtAvaraNa praphullita, nava sUryodaya svarNa vihAna / sarajA jaise niyati-cakra ne, naI sRSTi kA nayA vidhAna / / R. pU. 20 samudra meM uThatI huI 'lahara' ke bimba se putrAvatAra ke pUrva mAM marUdevA dvArA dekhe gae svapna se unake harSabhAva ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mauna samudra se akasmAt gaganacumbinI lahareM utthita hone lagatI haiM vaise hI akAraNa marUdevA ke hRdaya meM harSa kI lahareM uThane lagI patA nahIM kyoM Aja ahetuka, harSa-vIci uttAla huI ? mauna samandara, gaganacuMbinI, laharI jyoM vAcAla huI ? R. pU. 34 sunandA, sumaMgalA saha RSabha ke pANigrahaNa saMskAra ke Ananda bhAva ko sAvana kI rimajhima varSA ke bimba se citrita kiyA gayA hai -- sampanna pANi se grahaNa pANi kA pAvana / jaise barasA ho rimajhima- rimajhima sAvana / / R. pR. 51 bharata ke Ananda bhAva kI abhivyakti bhI 'lahara' ke bimba se kI gayI hai / bAraha varSo taka anavarata yuddha kI yaMtraNA sahane ke pazcAt nami vinami ke saMdhi prastAva se bharata kA mukhamaMDala AnandamayI laharoM se praphullita ho uThA - Ananda - urmi utphulla vadana haiM sAre / kala ke ari isa kSaNa meM nayanoM ke tAre / / R. pR. 181 takSazilA meM padhAre pitA RSabhadeva kA darzana na kara pAne ke kAraNa bAhubalI vyagra haiN| unakI vyagratA ko tapta dUdha ke uphAna se bimbita kiyA gayA hai kintu saciva ke komala vacana rUpI jala kaNa ke prabhAva se unakI vyagratA samApta ho 270

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gayI aura ve AhlAdita hRdaya se prAsAda kI ora lauTa gae tapta dUdha meM eka uphAna, huA saciva vaca jala-kaNa pAna | bAhubalI aMtara - AhlAda, pahu~ca gayA apane prAsAda / / R. pR. 140 bharata meM AhlAda bhAva ko 'bAdala' ke bimba se vyakta kiyA gayA | putra ke prati ciMtita mAM marUdevA ke AzISa se bharata ke hRdaya rUpI AkAza meM harSa ke bAdala umar3ane-ghumar3ane lagate haiM pA AzISa mahAmAtA se, AyA nRpa apane prAsAda / umar3a rahA hai cidAkAza meM, mahA mudira banakara AhlAda / / R. pU. 149 panihArina dvArA ayodhyA meM RSabha kI upasthiti evaM unake AbhAmaMDala ke citraNa se marUdevA ke kamalavat netra vikasita ho cale, jisase unakA sampUrNa gAtra harSa se praphullita ho uThA - harSotphula vadana mAtA kA, nayana- kamala meM nava unmeSa / badala gayI ciMtA ciMtana meM, vidA ho gayA sArA kleza / / R. pR. 152 cakravartI pada para bharata ke abhiSeka kI ghoSaNA se janamAnasa kI prasannatA kI abhivyakti bhI 'bAdala' ke bimba se kI gayI hai| jisa prakAra bAdaloM kI varSA se udyAna hare bhare ho jAte haiM, sarovara jala se paripUrNa evaM latAeM nirmala ho jAtI haiM, usI prakAra 'jana-jana kA hRdaya rUpI sarovara harSa rUpI bAdala kI varSA se paripUrNa ho calA jisase unake jIvana rUpI udyAna meM hariyAlI chA gayI moda mudira bana lagA barasane harita huA jIvana udyAna / chalaka uThe jana-mAnasa - saravara, vanarAjI atizaya amlAna / / R.pU. 189 - - 271 vikasita kamala ke bimba se zrI sampanna bharata kI sabhA meM upasthiti jana mana ke pramoda bhAva ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| bharata ke cakravartI pada ke abhiSeka ke samaya sabhI ke netra kamala ke samAna khila uThe, mana meM harSa bhAva kI vyApti se kisI meM bhI dUra-dUra taka IrSyA kA janma nahIM ho sakA -

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nayana kamala utphulla sabhI ke, sabake mana meM vyApta pramoda / janma nahIM le pAI IrSyA, vahI purUSa jisameM aamod|| R.pR. 191 prakRti ke mAdhyama se harSa bhAva kA manohArI dRzya dekhane yogya hai, jisameM dizA ko vadhU, mukha ko kamala, tathA harSa ko urmi ke bimba se bimbita kiyA gayA digvadhU ke mukha kamala para, nayanahara muskAna hai| harSa kI uttAla UrmI, kA nayA prasthAna hai|| R.pR. 218 cakravartI pada para bharata ke abhiSeka ko 'amRta' tathA unake mana kI praphullatA ko 'sumana' ke rUpa meM vikasita hotI huI kalI ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai - eka ora vinIta janatA, se badhAI mila rhii| amRta kA abhiSeka pA mana, sumana kalikA khila rhii| R.pR. 218 yuddha ke lie tatpara tathA Akrozita bharataputra sUryayazA ke zaurya pUrNa kathana se senApati ke hRdaya meM harSabhAva kI vyApti kA citraNa nimnalikhita paMktiyoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai yahAM pulakita zabda dvArA mana kI usa Antarika prasannatA ko citrita kiyA gayA hai jisase hadaya, mana aura zarIra meM eka UrjA sI bhara jAtI pulakita senApati kA aMtasa, saphala huA avikala aayaas| rajanI ne lI vidA tvaritatara, phailA ravi kA amala prkaash|| R.pR. 263 bharata bAhubalI meM saMgara (yuddha) kI sUcanA se bAhubalI kI vajra ke samAna kaThora va zaktizAlI bhujA ke prabhAva se unakI senA meM dvandva yuddha ke pUrva hI vijayollAsa kA vAtAvaraNa nirmita ho gayA - harSita bahalIzvara kI senA, aba nizcita hai vijyollaas| svAmI kA hai bAhu vajamaya, viphala banegA bharata pryaas|| R.pR. 272 272

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..... isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya mahAprajJa ne 'RSabhAyaNa' meM harSabhAva kA citraNa kuzalatApUrvaka kiyA hai| --00-- pramAda pramAda kA zAbdika artha hai-nazA, gaphalata bhUlacUka athavA aMtaHkaraNa kI durbltaa| bhrama, bhAMti, abhimAna Adi ke kAraNa kucha kA kucha samajhanA yA karanA pramAda hai / 7 aroM ke parivartana ke sAtha jaba kalpavRkSa yugaloM kI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karane meM kArpaNya karane lage taba unameM svatva haraNa, atikramaNa, chInA jhapaTI kA jaise nazA sA car3ha gyaa| yahA~ 'nazA' bimba se yugaloM kA pramAda bhAva vyaMjita huA hai - svatva-haraNa, chInA-jhapaTI kA, atikramaNa kA vega bddh'aa| zAMti bhaMga kA, mauna-bhaMga kA, saba para jaise nazA cddh'aa|| R.pU. 13 mada se matavAle hAthI ke bimba se yugaloM ke pramAda bhAva kI abhivyakti huI hai| jisa prakAra madamasta hAthI aMkuza ke niyaMtraNa ko svIkAra nahIM karatA, usI prakAra yugala bhI maryAdAoM kA tiraskAra kara gaphalata karane meM mazagUla ho gae - matta mada se bana dvirada ne, vyartha aMkuza ko kiyA hai| yugala ke saMvega ne gati, vega Azuga se liyA hai| R.pR. 25 dvanda yuddha meM parAjita bharata ke aMtaHkaraNa kI durbalatA usa samaya dekhI jA sakatI hai jaba ve soe hue siMha ko jagAne ke bimba se bAhubalI kI prabalatA svIkAra karate haiN| yahA~ bharata kA pazcAtApa mizrita pramAda bhAva vyakta huA hai - vyartha jagAyA supta siMha ko, vyartha kiyA raNa kA aavesh| R.pR. 280 bAhubalI isa abhimAna ke kAraNa RSabhadeva kI zaraNa meM nahIM jA pAte ki unheM anujoM ke samakSa jhukanA hogA, praNAma karanA hogaa| vastutaH yaha ahaMkAra mizrita unakA pramAda bhAva hI hai jo sAdhanA ke mArga para agrasara hote hae bhI unheM [273]

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tatkAla upalabdhi se vaMcita rakhatA hai kaise jAU~ maiM prabhuvara kI sannidhi meM, kucha jJAta aura ajJAta niyati kI vidhi meM / laghu bAMdhava ko praNipAta karUMgA kaise?, anuzAsana kA ullaMghana bhI ho kaise ? R. pR. 292 bAhubalI ke hRdaya meM panapa rahI abhimAna rUpI latA unake pramAda bhAva ko hI utpanna karatI hai| ve 'samatA' ko satya to mAnate hai kintu 'vaMdana' ko sAmAnya vyavahAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM isalie ve use anAvazyaka samajhate haiM jabaki RSiyoM, muniyoM kI vaMdanA vyavahAra nahIM, vyakti kA sahajadharma hai| cUMki RSabha darabAra meM muni rUpa meM anuja bhI upasthita haiM isalie dharmAnusAra unheM praNAma karanA bAhubalI kA kartavya hai, kintu pramAda bhAva ke kAraNa ve ulajhana meM hI phaMse rahate hai hai vaMdana to vyavahAra satya samatA hai kyoM panapa rahI mana meM abhimAna latA hai ? R. pR. 294 isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM pramAda bhAva ke anya udAharaNa bhI milate haiM / -00- 274

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7. kRtakRtyatA (dhanyatA) dhanyatA bhAva se saMbaMdhita kucha bimba RSabhAyaNa meM milate haiN| rAjA dvArA rAjya vyavasthA kA saMcAlana kuzalatApUrvaka tabhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaba vaha karUNA kA AgAra ho, janajana ke prati usameM samarpaNa kA bhAva ho| rAjA aura janatA donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka usI prakAra haiM, jisa prakAra sAgara aura usakI eka-eka bUMda / sAgara kI sattA bUMda para hai aura bUMda kA astitva sAgara para kendrita hai| eka ko chipAkara dUsare ke astitva kA prakAzana sambhava nahIM hai| yahA~ ciMtana ko navIna dizA dete hue kavi ne 'sindhu' aura 'bindu' ke bimba se rAjA kA samarpaNa janatA ke prati aura janatA kA samarpaNa rAjA ke prati bimbita kiyA hai - choTA maNDala, choTI sImA, netA meM karUNA kA sindhu / sAgara bhinna nahIM hai mujha se, anubhava karatA hai hara bindu|| R.pR. 71 mahAprabhu RSabha ke sAtha muniveza meM jAne ke lie tatpara kaccha mahAkaccha unake upakAra ke badale apanI kRtajJatA kA jJApana karate haiN| RSabha ne yaugalika samAja ko jIvana jIne kI dizA pradAna karate hue jo sucArU rAjyavyavasthA dI, koI bhI vijJa usa upakAra ko vismRta nahIM kara sktaa| yahA~ 'AkaMTha nimagna' zabda citra se RSabha ke prati kaccha mahAkaccha kI dhanyatA jJApita huI hai - prabhu kA bahu upakAra hai, hama AkaMTha kRtajJa / upakArI kA sAtha de, hotA vahI abhijJa / / R.pR. 99 yuvarAja zreyAMsa dvArA cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha ko ikSurasa se pAraNA karAne para janatA unheM badhAI dete hue pitA ke samAna vAtsalya pradAna karane vAle RSabha ke prati apanI kRtajJatA jJApita kara unakI snehamayI dRSTi ko amRta AsvAda bimba se prastuta karatI hai - pitA tulya vAtsalya zalyahara, prabhu hama sabako dete the| snehasikta nayanoM se barasA, sudhA, tRpta kara dete the|| R.pR. 133 'tamasa' aura 'prakAza' ke bimba se kramazaH ajJAna aura jJAna ko citrita [275]

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karate hue RSabha pAraNA ke isa divya avasara para sAmAnya janatA zreyAMsa ko sAdhuvAda denA nahIM bhUlatI, jo unakI kRtajJatA kA vizuddha jJApana hai| sAdhu-sAdhu zreyAMsa! tamasa kA, nAza kiyA de nayA prkaash| tuma se jaga Alokita hogA, jana-jana meM jAgA vishvaas|| R.pra. 135 --00-- 8. IrSyA AcArya mahAprajJa ne IrSyA bhAva se saMbaMdhita bimboM kA nirUpaNa na ke barAbara kiyA hai| dRSTi, muSTi, siMhanAda, bAhu tathA yaSTi yuddha meM pUrNarUpeNa parAjita hone ke pazcAt bAhubAlI ke paurUSa ke prati bharata ke hRdaya meM IrSyA kI agni sulagane lagI jisase prerita ho ucita anucita kA tyAga kara ve asamaya meM raktaraMjita phAga khelane lage - pUrNa parAjaya se jo sulagI, aMtastala meM bhISaNa aag| usase prerita agraja mAno, khela rahA asamaya meM phaag|| R.pR. 285 yahAM bharata ke antastAla meM sulagatI huI bhISaNa Aga tathA asamaya phAga ke bimba se unake IrSyA bhAvanA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| ukta udAharaNa ke alAvA RSabhAyaNa meM IrSyA bhAva paraka bimboM kA abhAva dikhAI detA hai| --00-- 9. zrama zrama saMcArI bhAva ko paribhASita karate hue AcArya vizvanAthaprasAda mizra ne likhA hai - 'mArga para calane, vyAyAma karane Adi se jahA~ saMtoSa sahita anicchA athavA thakAvaTa ho vahA~ zrama hotA hai (6) dhana kamAne yA jIvikA ke lie kI jAne 12761

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vAlI mehanata yA kArya, daur3adhUpa parezAnI) Adi zrama ke antargata' hI Ate haiN| jIvana rUpI pota kA saMcAlana purUSArtha se hI hotA hai, purUSArtha meM zrama nihita haiN| yahA~ zrama-sAdhya pota ke gatijabimba se purUSArtha sammata jIvana pragati ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai - apane paurUSa se calatA hai, navayavakoM kA jIvana pot| R.pR. 12 yaha saMsAra karmabhUmi hai| karma meM rata vyakti hI jIvana kA samucita AnaMda prApta kara sakatA hai| hAtha karma ke lie hI nirmita hai| RSabha dvArA yugaloM ko karma mArga para calane kI preraNA ke lie 'AMko ina hAthoM kA mUlya' kathana kiyA gayA hai jisase zrama bhAva kI hI abhivyakti hotI hai - AzvAsana kA bola milA taba, Daro na, DaranA maranA tulya / karmabhUmi kA prANa karma hai, AMko ina hAthoM kA mUlya || R.pR. 70 Rddhi aura samRddhi kI prApti zrama se hI sambhava hai| yugaloM dvArA anavarata zrama evaM paraspara sahayoga se caturdika vaibhava vikAsa kA bimba nimna paMktiyAM meM dRSTavya hai zrama kauzala sahayoga samarjita, bar3hI caturdika Rddhi-smRddhi| R.pR. 72 bharata kI senA se parAjita hone ke pazcAt sindhu nadI kI vAlukA rAzi se girijanoM ke zrama sIkara to sUkha gae kintu vijaya kI AkAMkSA unameM banI rahI, unake zarIra se pravAhita sveda kI dhArA jaise sindhu ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayI ho| yahAM zrama bindu kI prabalatA ko 'sindhu' bimba se prastuta kara girijanoM ke saMgharSa evaM adamya jIvaTatA ko citrita kiyA gayA hai - sindhu nadI kI sikatA ne raNa, zrama ke bindu sukhaae| eka sAtha vijayAkAMkSA ke, bindu sindhu bana aae| R.pR. 171 nidrA ke vazIbhUta zrama zlatha mAnava kA bimba bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| atyadhika zrama se nidrA AtI hai| nidrA ke pazcAt thakA huA zarIra punaH zrama karane ke lie unnata dazA ko prApta karatA hai| 'aMgArakAra' kI kathA yojanA se nidrA ke 12771

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pazcAt zrama zlatha zarIra vizrAMti ko prApta kara panaH zrama ke lie unnatazIla hotA leTa gayA tarUvara ke nIce, karane ko kucha kSaNa vishraam| zrama nidrA ko sahaja nimaMtraNa, nidrA se zrama bhI uddaam|| R.pR. 199 zrama janita kRSaka jIvana ke bimba se bahalI deza kI janatA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bAhubalI ke rAjya meM sabhI jana kRSi bhUmi se sampanna haiN| samaya-samaya para megha bhI unakI kRSi kA siMcana karate haiM jisase zrama maMDita bahalI deza meM cAroM ora dhana dhAnya se pUrNa ullAsa kA hI vAtAvaraNa banA rahatA hai - nAtha eka, sanAtha hama saba, bhUmi sabake pAsa hai| barasatA hai jalada samucita, zrama janita ullAsa hai|| R.pR. 231 RSabha ne jisa samAja kI racanA apane zrama sIkaroM se kI hai kyA unakI hI saMtAneM yuddha ke bhISaNa raktapAta se use sUkhe ghAsa ke rUpa meM parivartita kara deNgii| bAhubalI, pitA ke zrama kI sarAhanA karate hue bharata se kahate haiM - siMcita pUjya pitA ke zrama kI, bUMdoM se hai sakala smaaj| usako sUkhA ghAsa banAne, Atura haiM hama donoM aaj|| R.pR. 269 astU ukta udAharaNoM ke Aloka meM zrama bhAva kA bimba spaSTa athavA aspaSTa rUpa meM parilakSita hotA hai| --00-- anya bhAva - vivecya bhAvoM ke atirikta lobha, jar3atA, utsukatA tathA ciMtA bhAva ke bhI katipaya bimba RSabhAyaNa meM prayukta hue haiM, jinakA avalokana nimnAnusAra kiyA jA sakatA hai -

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lobha vyakti meM jaba lobha manovikAra kA vikAsa hotA hai, taba usakI soca 'sva' taka hI sImita rahatI hai| atikramaNa, jhInAjhapaTI, svatvaharaNa, azAMti utpanna karane vAle kuvicAra usameM Ate rahate haiM, jisase samAja kI vyavasthA DagamagA jAtI hai / kAla parivartana ke sAtha jo yugala mamatAbhAva se mukta the, jo prakhara cetanA ke svAmI the, ve hI lobha bhAva se isa kadara grasita ho gae jisakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI thI / kalpavRkSa dvArA kArpaNya karane para yugaloM meM dUsare ke kalpavRkSoM para adhikAra jamAne kI bhAvanA prabala huii| logoM meM lAlaca vRtti ko bar3hAne vAlI havA ke eka bhayAnaka jhoMke se lobha rUpI agni isa prakAra prajvalita huyI ki saMpUrNa sAmAjika maryAdAeM jalakara rAkha ho gayI - jar3atA dhIme-dhIme mAnasa badalA yugaloM kA, AyA lAlaca kA eka bhayAnaka jhoMkA | para - vRkSoM para adhikAra jamAnA cAhA, isa lobha - agni meM saba kucha hotA svAhA / / R. pR. 21 uparyukta paMktiyoM meM lobha ke lie 'agni' tathA 'havA ke jhoMke' kA bimba prayukta kiyA gayA hai| 'havA' se 'agni' kI jvAlA bar3hatI hai| yahA~ 'havA ke eka jhoMke se lAlaca kI utpatti kA kAraNa tathA 'agni' bimba se lobha kI dAhakatA ke sAtha usake pratiphala ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai / iSTa athavA aniSTa ke dekhane sunane se cittavRtti kA viveka zUnya hokara kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho jAnA 'jar3atA hai / (8) narazizu ke mRtyoparAMta sunandA kI dazA cetanAzUnya usa pratimA kI bhA~ti jar3avata ho gayI jisameM kisI prakAra kI koI harakata nahIM hotI hila na sakI vaha, bola sakI nA, mAnasa ciMtana- zUnya huA / pratimA- sI sthira stabdha khar3I hai, jIvana hAya ananya huA / / R.pU. 40 279

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yahAM sunandA kI kiMkartavyavimUr3ha jar3atA kA citraNa sthira 'pratimA' ke bimba se kiyA gayA hai| usakA na hilanA, na bolanA, 'mAnasa ciMtana kA zUnya' ho jAnA dRzya usakI jar3atA ko pragAr3hatA dete hue pratIta hote haiM / utsukatA iSTa yA icchita vastu kI prApti meM vilamba kA na saha sakanA autsukya kahalAtA hai| akasmAt jaMgala meM agni ke tejasvI rUpa ko dekhakara yugaloM meM use sparza karane kI jijJAsA utpanna huI / apanI isa jijJAsA ko zamita karane ke lie yugaloM ne jyoM hI usa dAvAgni ko sparzita kiyA tyoM hI ve usase jhulasa gae dekhA yugaloM ne tejasa kA arpaNa hai, abhinava adRSTa yaha bhAvI kA darpaNa hai / utsuka ho chUne Age hAtha bar3hAe, dava-anala - dAha se alasAe jhulasAe / R. pR. 58 cakravartI bharata ke abhiSeka kI ghoSaNA se janamAnasa kA jijJAsu mana besabrI se prAtaHkAla kI pratikSA meM rata hai| sabakI cetanA praphulla aura prazAnta isalie hai kyoMki utsukatA rUpI sUrya kA abhyudaya ho calA hai / yahA~ janamAnasa ke hRdaya meM vyApta utsukatA ko 'sUrya' ke bimba se prastuta kiyA gayA hai arI nIMda! tuma kyoM AogI ?, nahIM manasa kiMcit bhI klAMta / utsukatA kA sUrya udita hai, cetA pramudita aura prazAMta / R. pR. 189 cintA hita yA iSTa kI aprApti athavA ahita yA aniSTa kI prApti ke kAraNa utpanna dhyAna ko cintA kahate haiM / putra viyoga meM vyathita mA~ marUdevA kI vAtsalya janya ciMtA unake rahana-sahana, AhAra-vihAra Adi ke prati svAbhAvika rUpa meM vyakta huI hai| ve bharata se kahatI hai tumheM patA kyA ? RSabha kahAM hai ? karatA hai kaisA AhAra / sardI-garmI kaise sahatA ? kaisA hai jIvana - vyavahAra ? 280 R. pR. 148

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RSabha kA pada trANa vihIna jaMgala meM calanA, mArga meM prastara khaNDoM kA honA, dharatI bAlU kI tapana, tathA sUrya kI pracaNDa dhUpa se zarIra kA tapanA mAM kI ciMtA kA svAbhAvika kAraNa hai - padatrANa nahIM caraNoM meM, patha meM hoMge prastara khNdd| tapatI dharatI, tapatI bAlU, hogA ravi kA tApa pracaMDa / / R.pR. 148 svapna - sote hue asatya bAtoM ko satya samajhanA svapna haiM / (7) gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne 'rAmacarita mAnasa' ke 'suMdarakAMDa' meM 'trijaTA' ke svapna kA bahuta hI suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| RSabhAyaNa meM putra janma ke pUrva mA~ marUdevA dvArA dekhe gaye caudaha svapnoM ke dvArA kavi ne citra-vicitra bimboM kA nirmANa kiyA hai / (10) sumaMgalA ke dvArA bhI dekhe gae svapna itane madhura haiM jaise - unhoMne 'isa divya nizA meM amRtamaya pyAle kA pAna kiyA ho / (11) zreyAMsa dvArA svapna meM zyAmala svarNagiri kA 'payasa' se abhiSeka kara dhavalita karane kI madhuratA bhI unheM amRtapAna ke samAna pratIta hotI hai / (12) bhAva bimboM kA samIkSaNa - bhAva bIja rUpa meM citta meM surakSita va sthira rahate haiM, anukUla paristhiti hone para ve utpanna hote haiN| jisa prakAra bIja ke aMkuraNa ke lie havA, pAnI, namI, prakAza, vAyu Avazyaka hote haiM, usI prakAra bhAvoM kI utpatti ke lie ghaTanAe~ dRzya va saMvedanAeM Avazyaka hotI haiN| ina ghaTanAoM va dRzyoM ke bimba se usI ke anukUla bhAva banate haiM jisase hRdaya meM sthita bhAva jAgRta hote haiN| kisI bhI dRzya yA ghaTanA kA bimba jitanA hI spaSTa hogA usakA bhAva bhI utanA hI prakhara hogaa| maithunarata krauMca vadha kA dRzya vAlmIki ko isa prakAra marmAhata kiyA ki unakI AMkhoM se karUNA kI dhArA pravAhita ho calI / krauMca vadha ke bimba ke kAraNa hI 281

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unake hRdaya meM zoka sthAyI bhAva kA jAgaraNa huA jo kAlajayI graMtha 'rAmAyaNa' kI racanA kA kAraNa bnaa| bhAvabimboM kI vivecanA meM rasAMgoM kI hI bhUmikA hotI hai| jinheM sthAyIbhAva, vibhAva, saMcArIbhAva va anubhAva ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| vibhAva, sthAyIbhAva kI utpatti ke kAraNa hote haiN| sthAyI bhAva ke aMtargata, rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, bhaya, utsAha, jugupsA, vAtsalya, bhakti, nirveda tathA Azcarya bhAva Ate haiN| RSabhAyaNa meM hAsa, janya bhAva bimboM kA abhAva hai| rati jugupsA viSayaka bimboM ke ekAdha udAharaNa hI milate haiN| zeSa sthAyI bhAvoM ke bimboM kI bahulatA hai, jisameM bhI bhakti aura nirveda paraka bimboM ke udghATana meM kavi ne adhika tatparatA dikhAI haiN| nirveda kA sambandha tatva darzana evaM saMsAra kI asAratA se hai isIlie aise bhAva bimba ke udghATana meM sUkSmatA bhI AI hai| saMcArI bhAvoM ke aMtargata moha, spRhA, harSa, pramAda, zaMkA, IrSyA, mada, zrama Adi bhAva bimboM ke atirikta lobha, jar3atA, utsukatA, ciMtA, svapna Adi bhAva bimboM kA bhI vistAra RSabhAyaNa meM dikhAI detA hai, kintu rati, jugupsA, pramAda bhAva bimboM kI sthApanA meM kavi kA mana nahIM ramA hai, jo santa svabhAva ke anukula hI jAna par3atA hai| anubhAva paraka bimboM ko sthAyI tathA saMcArI bhAvoM ke antargata dekhA jA sakatA hai jisameM mAnavIya kriyAoM athavA ceSTAoM ke dvArA usakA bimbAMkana huA hai| vivecita bhAva bimboM ke AdhAra para spaSTa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki RSabhAyaNa meM bimba sthApanA kI dRSTi se AcArya mahAprajJa ko pUrNarUpeNa saphalatA milI hai | iti caturtha adhyAyaH --00-- 2821

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. sandarbha-sUcI A. viznAtha prasAda mizra, kAvyAMga kaumudI, pR. 42 A. viznAtha prasAda mizra, kAvyAMga kaumudI, pR. 41 A. viznAtha prasAda mizra, kAvyAMga kaumudI, pR. 49 A. viznAtha prasAda mizra, kAvyAMga kaumudI, pR. 52 A. viznAtha prasAda mizra, kAvyAMga kaumudI A. viznAtha prasAda mizra, kAvyAMga kaumudI, pR. 45 saMkalanakartA - vizvezvara nArAyaNa zrIvAstava, pR. 1378 hindI rASTra bhASA koza A. viznAtha prasAda mizra, kAvyAMga kaumudI, pR. 57 A. viznAtha prasAda mizra, kAvyAMga kaumudI, pR. 49 RSabhAyaNa pR. 32-33 vahI, pR. 51 vahI, pR. 125 -00 283

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adhyAya-paMcama RSabhAyaNa meM mUrttAmUrta bimba bimba ke dvArA bhASA meM citrAtmakatA AtI hai| bimba kI mUla prakRti saMmUrttana kI prakriyA meM nihita rahatI hai| isIlie amUrta bhAvoM yA padArthoM ko mUrtatA pradAna karanA bimba kA pramukha kArya hai| sAdRzya mUlaka alaMkAroM yA anya sthaloM para jahA~ mUrta se amUrta, amUrta se mUrta kI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai vahA~ zreSTha evaM sundara bimba nirmita hote haiN| RSabhAyaNa meM mUrtAmUrta bimboM kA udghATana kavi ne saphalatA pUrvaka kiyA hai| varNya ko aindriya banAne ke lie kavi dvArA prayukta upamAnoM ke AdhAra para bimboM ko do zreNiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. mUrta ke dvArA amUrta kI upasthApanA, 2. amUrta ke dvArA mUrta kI abhivyakti / mUrta ke dvArA amUrta kI upasthApanA - RSabhAyaNa meM amUrta kI abhivyakti ke lie aneka mUrta rUpa prastuta kie gae haiN| sUkSma se sUkSma athavA amUrta se amUrta bhAvoM va sthitiyoM ko kavi ne saphalatA pUrvaka gocara banAyA hai jisake tamAma udAharaNa AsAnI se dekhe jA sakate haiN| sRSTi kA zanaiH zanaiH vikAsa prakRti kI eka amUrta prakriyA hai, jisameM parivartana samAhita hai| yaha samUcI sRSTi vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSya jaise trikAloM meM vibhakta hai| inakI bhI eka nizcita sImA hai, jisameM samaya-samaya para parivartana hotA rahatA hai| parivartana kI isa amUrta dazA ko dugdha se nirmita hone vAle 'ghRta' se darzAyA gayA hai| 'dugdha' ke dvArA ghRta ke nirmANa se kavi ne 'bhUta' aura 'vartamAna' ko gocaratA pradAna kI hai - 1. sattA kAlAtIta na usakI, sImA meM hai bhUta bhaviSya / kAlabheda parivartana meM hai. jo kala thA paya, Aja haviSya / / R.pU. 3 284]

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.: utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla parivartana kI satat gatimayatA ko 'cakra' tathA nirantara pravahamAna jala kI dhArA se mUrtita kiyA gayA hai - parivartana kA hetu kAla, vaha, jalapravAha jyoM bahatA hai| dvAdazAra yaha kAlacakra, gatizIla niraMtara rahatA hai| R.pR. 6 jIvana sukha duHkha kA saMgama hai| duHkha kaSTakArI hai to sukha mnohaarii| kintu yadi vyakti ke jIvana meM kaSTa hI kaSTa ho, sukha kA anubhava lezamAtra bhI na ho to vaha jIvana dUbhara ho jAtA hai, isalie thor3A sukha, thor3A duHkha, thor3A kaSTa, thor3A ArAma kA honA Avazyaka hai tabhI jIvana kA saMgharSa saphalIbhUta hotA hai| tabhI jIvana pakatA hai| miTTI kA banA huA ghar3A binA agnitApa ke paka nahIM sakatA, vaise hI kaSTahIna jIvana saMpUrNatA ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| yahAM agnitApa ke abhAva meM mRda janita ghaTa ke na pakane kI sthiti se jIvana meM kaSTa kI upAdeyatA ko citrita kiyA gayA hai - kaSTa kevala kaSTa hI ho, manuja jI sakatA nahIM, agnitApa-abhAva meM, mRda janita ghaTa pakatA nhiiN| R.pR. 15 saMvega athavA manovegoM ke udghATana meM kavi ne amUrta ke lie mUrta kI yojanA ke sAtha amUrta kA citraNa amUrta rUpa meM bhI kiyA hai - matta mada se bana dvirada ne, vyartha aMkaza ko kiyA hai, yugala ke saMvega ne gati, vega Azuga se liyA hai| R.pR. 25 yahA~ yugaloM kI anuzAsanahInatA, atikramaNatA kI amUrttatA kA udghATana madamasta usa matavAle hAthI se kiyA gayA hai jo aMkuza ke niyaMtraNa ko bhI asvIkAra kara detA hai, dUsarI ora yugaloM ke saMvegoM kI gati kA citraNa vegavAna Azuga (pavana) se kiyA gayA hai jo sparza janya hote hue bhI agocara hai| AzA amUrta bhAva ko pAvana dIpa se bhI bimbita kiyA gayA hai| mA~ marUdevA dvArA dekhe gae svapnoM kA varNana sunakara nAbhirAja yaha socakara prasanna ho jAte haiM, jaise yuga ko prakAzita karane vAlA AzAdIpa unake hAtha laga gayA ho - 1285

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lagatA hai kucha abhinava hogA, jo na huA aba taka jaga meM, pAvana dIpa lie AzA kA, rakta pravAhita raga-raga meN| R.pR. 34 bala, sphUrti, utsAha aura yauvana amUrta hai, jisakA citraNa pratyakSataH RSabha ke puSTagAtra, komalatama kaca tathA viha~sate hue kamalavata netroM se kiyA gayA hai| RSabha kA vyaktitva aisA pratIta hotA hai, jaise unameM pratyakSataH sphUrti mUrttamAna ho gayI ho tathA utsAha bhI mukharita ho gayA ho| yahA~ RSabha ke yauvana kA bahuta hI sundara bimba nirUpita kiyA gayA hai - valivarjita vapu, zyAmalatama kaca, locana-kuvalaya vihaMsa rahe, sphUrti mUrta, utsAha mukharatara, lakSita yauvana, binA khe| R.pR. 39 janma aura mRtyu kI amUrta dazA ke lie sindhu meM uThatI miTatI lahara tathA 'jalatI' 'bujhatI' bAtI ke mUrta svarUpa se vyakta kiyA gayA hai - lahara siMdhu meM uThatI-miTatI, phira uThatI phira miTa jaatii| janma-mRtyu kI yahI kahAnI, jalatI-bujhatI hai baatii|| R.pR. 42 ciMtA ke amUrta rUpa ko lalATa para ubharI huI rekhAoM se darzAyA gayA hai| yugaloM kI AvAsa vyavasthA kI samasyA se cintita RSabha ke mastaka para par3e hue bala se sau dharma loka kA adhipati unake ciMtana aura ciMtA kA kAraNa samajha AvAsa samasyA ko sulajhAne kI bAta karatA hai - hai prabhu-lalATa para aMkita cintana rekhA ciMtana meM ciMtA ko iThalAte dekhA AvAsa samasyA ko kSaNa meM sulajhAU~ nagarI kI racanA para kRtArtha bana jAU~ / R.pR. 55 jana zoSaNa meM lipta niraMkuza zAsaka kI svecchAcAritA ko vRkSoM kA zoSaNa karane vAlI 'amarabela' ke mUrttamAna dRzya se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| bharata ko rAjanIti kA saMbodha dete hue RSabha kahate haiM - janatA ke kaMdhe para car3hakara, calane kA adhikAra na ho| sahajIvana meM amarabela bana, phalane kA adhikAra na ho|| 12861 R.pR. 89

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- 'samatA' amUrta bhAva kA bimbAkaMna samAna rUpa se prakAza kA vitaraNa karane vAle 'sUrya' aura 'candramA' ke mUrta rUpa se udghATita kiyA gayA hai| RSabha rAjya meM UMca-nIca kA koI bhedabhAva nahIM thA, sabakA samAna rUpa se sammAna hotA thaa| isa prakAra rAjanIti ke sandarbha meM UMca-nIca bhedabhAva se pare samAnatA ke vyavahAra se saMcAlita rAjya vyavasthA niraMtara samAna rUpa se prANIjagata ko prakAza pradAna karane vAle sUrya aura caMdramA ke samAna honA cAhie - UMca nIca kA bheda nahIM hai, saba nara eka samAna / bheda vyavasthAkRta hai kevala, sabakA sama smmaan| saraja meM hai jo saudarya, caMdramA hai utanA hI varya / / R.pR.91 satya, saMyama kI amUrtatA ko bhI kavi ne suvAsita kusuma se mUrtatA pradAna kI hai - adhakhilI kalI meM vikasvara, kasama kA AkAra hai| satya saMyama kI surabhi kA, bana rahA prakAra | R.pR. 93 tyAga patha para RSabha ke sAtha calane ke lie Atura janapratinidhi dvArA 'saMyama' amUrta bhAva ko 'kalpatarU' se bimbita kiyA gayA hai - choDa bhogAvAsa hama bhI, tyAga ke patha para caleM, sukhada saMyama kalpatarU kI, chAMha meM phUleM phleN| R.pR. 98 nirguNa sAdhanA kI amUrttavasthA kA udghATana kavi ne mahAsAgara meM nimagna 'mIna' se kiyA hai| nirguNa AtmAnanda meM pratikSaNa RSabha vaise hI lIna ho jAte haiM, jaise mahAsAgara kI vipula jala rAzi meM machalI nimagna ho jAtI hai - nirguNa AtmAnanda meM, hue pratikSaNa liin| jaise salila-nimagna ho, mahAsindhu kA miin| R.pR. 108 maMtrapATha dvArA siddhi lAbha meM rata sAdhaka kI kriyAtmaka amUrta dazA kA udghATana tinake ko cunacuna kara nIr3a nirmANa meM rata 'zakunipakSI' ke bimba se niyojita kiyA gayA hai - [287]

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nIr3a kA nirmANa karane, zakuni tRNa ko cuna rhaa| maMtrapAThI siddhi pAne, maMtra jaise guna rhaa| R.pR. 130 AkAMkSA amUrtabhAva hai jise cIvara ke rUpa meM mUrtatA pradAna kI gayI hai| vahIM dUsarI ora 'AkAMkSA' ke mukhauTe ko AkAzaM ke samAna vistRta batAkara use aura bhI jaTila banA diyA gayA hai, kyoMki khAlI AkAza zUnyavata hai, amUrta hai| isa prakAra nimna udAharaNa meM jahA~ 'AkAMkSA' kI abhivyakti 'cIvara' se kara use mUrttamAna kiyA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora AkAza se bhI upamita kiyA gayA hai jo svayaM meM amUrta hai - hai vizva vijaya kA mIThA-mIThA sapanA, AkAMkSA kA cIvara kaba honA apanA ? AvazyakatA kA jaga hai atizaya choTA, AkAMkSA kA AkAza-samAna mukhauTA R.pR. 179 mana kI ulajhana evaM saMcetanA amUrta ke lie kramazaH saghana timira evaM 'dIpa' kA bimba niyojita kiyA gayA hai| cakravartI abhiSeka samAroha meM bandhu-bAMdhavoM kI anupasthiti bharata ko ati kaSTaprada pratIta hotI hai| isIlie ve apane bhAIyoM ke pAsa dUta bhejate haiN| bharata isa bAta ko jAnate hai ki jisa prakAra dIpaka kI lau saMghana timira ko bepardA kara detI hai vaise hI data ke saMdeza se bhAIyoM ke mana kI gAMTha bhI khula jAegI - lagatA hai bAMdhava ke mana meM, ulajha rahI hai koI grNthi| anuzAsita kara dUta varga ko, bhejA nRpa ne baMdhu smiip| saghana timira kA cIraharaNa to, kara sakatA hai kevala diip| R.pR. 192 nirmala caritra kI amUrtatA ko 'kamala' upamAna se bimbAyita kiyA gayA hai| niyogI saMyama maya jIvana vyatIta kara rahI sundarI se kahatA hai - kSamA karo he bhagini devate ! kamalopama tava amala critr| R.pR. 210 'sAgara' aura 'naukA' ke mUrta dRzya se kramazaH 'saMsAra' evaM 'sahiSNutA' kI amUrtatA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| brAhmI aura sundarI sAdhanA meM bhI aham ke vazIbhUta 12881

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bAhabalI se kahatI haiM - siddhimArga meM ahaMkAra bAdhaka hai| isa saMsAra rUpI sAgara kA saMtaraNa sahiSNutA rUpI naukA ke sahAre AsAnI se kiyA jA sakatA hai - isa ahaMbhAva ne bhAI ! patha rokA hai isa bhavasAgara meM mArdava hI naukA hai| R.pR. 294 zukla pakSa meM krama-krama se apanI kalAoM meM vikAsa karane vAle 'candra' ke mUrtamAna dRzya se anAsakti kI zreSTha sAdhanA kA bimba niyojita hai| 'anAsakti' amUrta bhAva ke lie 'jalaja' kA bhI zreSTha udAharaNa diyA gayA hai - anAsakti kI pravara sAdhanA, bar3he zukla kA jaise caMdra jala se Upara jalaja niraMtara, ravi rahatA nabha meM nistNdr| R.pR.298 munimArga para RSabha ke sAtha prasthAna kiye ziSyoM kI amUrta bhAvanAoM kA mUrta svarUpa bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisameM ziSyoM ke hRdaya meM RSabha ke prati Adara to hai, kintu bhUkha kI pIr3A se unakA mana Ahata bhI hai| yahA~ sukha, zraddhA aura mana amUrta hai, jise kramazaH saritA, jaladhara aura uDupatha (AkAza) se citrita kiyA gayA hai - sukha saritA ke tIra para, sakala ziSya samudAya R.pR. 108 eka ora zraddhA ke jaladhara, se mana kA uDupatha AkIrNa pakSa dUsarA bhUkha vedanA se, Ahata mana, aMga vidiirnn| R.pR. 113 RSabha kA jaba hastinApura meM padArpaNa hotA hai, taba janamAnasa meM bhAvoM kA nirmala jharanA pravAhita hone lagatA hai, yahA~ jana mana kI bhAvoM kI amUrta dazA kA udghATana vimala nirjhara se kiyA gayA hai - bhAvanA kA vimala nirjhara, jana-manasa meM baha calA, kalpatarU manahara akalpita, Aja prAMgaNa meM phlaa| R.pR. 127 --00-- 28911

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amUrta ke dvArA mUrtta kI abhivyakti - aise amUrta jinake guNa, rUpa, raMga kI kalpanA karanA kaThina ho hai, kintu phira bhI usakI 'abhivyakti' ke lie hamAre hRdaya meM usI ke anurUpa koI na koI rekhA janma le letI hai| bhAva kitanA hI sUkSma va amUrta ho, usakI mUrtatA kavi talAza hI letA hai| yadi hama chAyAvAdI kAvya para dRSTipAta kareM, tulasIdAsa ke rAmacaritamAnasa tathA sUradAsa ke sUrasAgara ko dekheM athavA kAlidAsa kI racanAoM kA avalokana kareM to pAeMge ki ye kavi amUrta ke dvArA mUrta kI abhivyakti karane meM pUrNataH saphala rahe haiN| aise hI AcArya mahAprajJa amUrta ke dvArA mUrta kI upasthApanA meM pUrNataH saphala hue haiM, jaise-samaya niraMtara gatizIla hai| samaya kI isa amUrta gatimayatA se ratha ko mUrtita kara samaya kI amUrtatA ko gatimayatA pradAna kI gayI hai| utsarpiNI kAla se avasarpiNI meM praveza unnati se avanati kI ora jAnA hai - bar3hA samaya-ratha jaise Age, calA hAsa kA vaise ckr| R.pR. 12 pIr3A kA apanA sAmrAjya hotA hai| pIr3A se hI prakAza kI kiraNeM phUTatI haiN| rati yAnI bhoga ke ajJAnAndhakAra kA janma hotA hai to korI buddhi se vikRta paraloka kI dhAraNA banatI hai| isa prakAra bhogavAda aura buddhivAda se samyak jJAna kI pratiSThA sambhava nahIM hai| yahA~ kaSTa, rati aura mati amUrta strota sAdhana ke rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM jo kramazaH 'Aloka, 'timira' aura 'vikRta' paraloka ko mUrtita karatI hai - kaSTa se udbhUta haiM ye, razmiyA~ Aloka kI rati timira ko janma detI, mati vikRta paraloka kii| R.pR. 15 vivazatApUrvaka yugaloM dvArA svataMtratA, tyAga kI amUrta vRtti ko aMkuza ke niyaMtraNa ko svIkAra karane vAle 'gaja' se mUrtamAna kiyA gayA hai| yugala kalaha, atikramaNa se bacane ke lie apanI svavazatA kA tyAga kara vimala vAhana ke netRtva ko vaise hI svIkAra kara lete haiM, jaise 'gaja' apanI svataMtratA kA tyAga kara aMkuza ke niyaMtraNa ko svIkAra kara letA hai - vivaza svavazatA tyAga gahana-gaja, aMkuza ko svIkAra rhaa| R.pU. 19 2901

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amUrta bhAvoM ke mUrtana meM khAdyAnoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| kAlaparivartana ke sAtha niyamoM meM bhI badalAva hotA hai| janma ke pazcAt yugaloM kA vikAsa itanI tIvratA se hotA hai ki ve chaha mAsa meM hI yuvA bana jAte hai| kAla aura niyama ke parivartana kI isa amUrtatA ko 'kabhI bAMjarI' aura 'kabhI canA' se mUrtita kiyA gayA hai - tvarita vRddhi hotI yugaloM kI, mAsa SaTka meM yuvA banA, kAla badalatA, niyama badalate, kabhI bAjarI kabhI cnaa| R.pR. 23 moda amUrta haiN| mA~ marUdevA ke divya svapna se dizAe~ evaM diggaja to pramudita haiM hii| sAtha hI yaha bhodabhAva mA~ marUdevA ke mUrta rUpa meM chalakatA huA bhI pratIta ho rahA hai - mudita dizAe~ pramudita diggaja, moda mUrta bana chalaka utthaa| R.pR. 33 AzaMkA evaM AzA amUrtabhAva ko kramazaH 'bAdala' aura 'sUrya' kI razmi se rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai| prakRti kA yaha zAzvata niyama hai ki jaba-jaba navIna paristhitiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM taba-taba logoM ke hRdaya meM AzaMkA ke bAdala maMDarAne lagate haiN| kuhelikA se prabhAtakAla ke Dhaka jAne para bhI logoM meM sUrya ke kiraNoM kI darzana kI AzA banI rahatI hai| sunandA, sumaMgalA saha RSabha ke vivAha ke sandarbha meM janamAnasa kI AzaMkA va AzA ko bimbAyita kiyA gayA hai - yaha niyama nisargaja, navya paristhiti AtI taba-taba AzaMkA bAdala bana maMDarAtI hai sardI kA prAbhAtika dRzya kuhAsA jIvita rahatI hai sUrya-razmi kI aashaa| R.pR. 49 duHkha ko 'pralaya' evaM sukha ko 'sRjana' ke rUpa meM bhI mUrttamAna kiyA gayA hai duHkha-pralaya sukha-sRjana ke, hetu manuja kA ytn| R.pR. 61 icchA amUrta bhAva kI utpatti dUdha se nirmita hone vAle dadhi evaM takra se 12911

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mUrtita kiyA gayA hai| icchA se icchA kI utpatti vaise hI hotI hai jaise dUdha se dadhi aura dadhi se takra kA nirmANa hotA hai - icchA se icchA bar3hatI hai, icchA kA apanA hai ckr| dUdha janma detA hai dadhi ko, dadhi se phira banatA hai tk| R.pR. 62 vADmaya (sAhitya) ke saMpUrNa vikAsa ko vaiDUrya maNi se mUrtita kiyA gayA hai| zabda, laya, alaMkaraNa ke samanvaya se bhASA kA nirmANa hotA hai jo vaiDUryamaNi ke samAna jana samAja ko Alokita karatA hai - vAGmaya kI zikSA vikasita ho, zabda-siddhi, laya kA mAdhurya / alaMkaraNa, yaha tripada samanvita, banatA vAGmaya kA vaidduury| R.pR. 66 RSabha bharata ko zabda zAstra evaM putriyoM ko vidyAdhyayana ke lie prerita karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra dugdha meM zakkara ghula jAtI hai, vaise hI chaMda zAstra kA AtmasAtIkaraNa honA caahie| vidyA to kAmaduhA 'dhenu' hai, jo sabhI manokAmanAoM ko pUrNa karatI hai| yahA~ chandazAstra ke AtmasAtIkaraNa evaM vidyA amUrta ke lie kramazaH dugdha meM ghulI huI sitA evaM kAmadhenu kA bimba nirUpita kiyA gayA hai - bharata! zabda kA zAstra par3ho tuma, zabda-siddhi kA dvAra khule chanda zAstra ho AtmasAta taba, sitA dUdha meM sahaja ghule / par3ho putriyoM karmabhUmi meM, vidyA kA hogA sammAna / vidyA kAmaduhA dhenU hai, kalpavRkSa kA nava prsthaan| R.pR. 66 sukha kI saritA 7) tathA 'lobha' aura 'krodha' amUrta ko kramazaH 'aMkura' aura 'Asura' se vyakta kiyA gayA hai - sukha kI saritA meM sAre jana, hai AkaMTha nimgn| R.pR. 79 jaba-jaba lobhAkuMra bar3hatA hai, bar3hatA Asura krodha / R.pR. 82 rAjanIti ke saMdarbha meM zAsaka evaM zAsana ke lie bhI amUrta upamAnoM kA 1292]

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upayoga kiyA gayA hai| RSabha bharata ko saMbodha dete hue kahate haiM yadi zAsaka iMdriyoM ke vazIbhUta hotA hai to usakA zAsana vaise hI asaphala va nirarthaka hotA hai jaise aMkavihIna zUnya / yahI nahIM krUra rAjA kA zAsana vaisA hI hotA hai jaise mAtR sneha se vaMcita putr| suvyavasthita zAsana saMvedanazIla putra ke samAna hotA hai - ajitendriya zAsaka viphala, aMkahIna jyoM shuuny| krUra nRpati kA zAsana-sUtra, mAt sneha se virahita putr| zAsana sahasaMvedana pUta, zAMtidUta banatA sAkUta / R.pR. 88 saciva kI maMtraNA se sucAlita zAsana taMtra ke lie maMgaladAyI zrIyaMtra kA bimba niyojita kiyA gayA hai - saciva sucAlita zAsana-taMtra, janapada kA pAvanatama mNtr| mila jAtA maMgala zrIyaMtra, sadA surakSita aura svtNtr| R.pR. 89 janapratinidhi dvArA vidhAtA, dhAtA aura oMkAra amUrta se RSabha ko saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai - tuma vidhAtA aura dhAtA, sRSTi ke oMkAra ho| aura sAmAjika vyavasthA, ke tumhI AdhAra ho| R.pR. 98 hastinApura meM RSabha ko dekhakara jana-mana apane jIvana ko dhanya samajha rahe haiM, unheM lagatA hai ki sabhI ciMtAoM kA zamana karane ke lie ciMtAmaNi ke rUpa meM svayaM RSabha deva prakaTa ho gae haiN| dhanya haiM hama ratna, ciMtAmaNi aho pratyakSa hai| R.pR. 127 svapna ke AdhAra para zreyAMsa kI smRti ke lie bhI amUrta bimba niyojita hai| zreyAMsa jaba AhAra ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha ko dekhate haiM, taba unheM apane pUrva janma kI smRti ho jAtI hai| pUrva janma kI isa amUrta sthiti ko zaradakAlIna nIraja se udghATita kiyA gayA hai - smRti utara AI amita, Alokamaya diggaja huaa| janma kA saMjJAna pAkara, zarada kA nIraja haA / R.pR. 129 2001

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AhlAda kA saMbaMdha citta se hai, aura AkAza kA saMbaMdha bAdala se| mA~, marUdevA se AzIrvAda prApta kara bharata jaba apane prAsAda meM Ate haiM taba unake cidAkAza meM AhlAda ke bAdala umar3ane-ghumar3ane lagate haiN| yahA~ citta evaM AlAda amUrta kI abhivyakti AkAza evaM bAdala se kI gayI hai - pA AzISa mahAmAtA se, AyA nRpa apane prAsAda umar3a rahA hai cidAkAza meM, mahA mudira banakara AhlAda | R.pR. 149 janma, mRtyu aura punarjanma ke lie bhI kavi ne bimba sRjita kie haiN| jisa prakAra se mahAsiMdhu kI agAdha jala rAzi meM taraMgeM sahaja rUpa meM uThatI giratI rahatI haiM, vaise hI punarjanma rUpI niyati cakra meM AtmA kA prAkATya vividha rUpoM meM hotA rahatA hai - mahAsiMdhu kI salila rAzi meM, uThatI-giratI sahaja trNg| punarjanma ke niyati cakra meM, AtmA ke nAnAvidha rNg|| R.pR. 159 sUkSma se sUkSma mAnavIya amUrta vRttiyoM kI abhivyakti ke lie bhI kavi ne pAramparika rUpa se usI anurUpa mUrta kA nirmANa kara bhAvoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| navavidhiyoM ko varadAna svarUpa prApta kara bharata phUle nahIM samAte jisase unake bhAva rUpI sAgara meM AnaMda kI uttAla taraMgeM uThane lagatI haiM kyoMki navanidhiyoM ke prabhAva se rASTra ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI sAtha jana-jana ke saubhAgya sitAre bhI camakane lageMge - AnaMda urmi uttAla bhAva-sAgara meM, kisane dekhA hai sAgara ko gAgara meN| drutagati se hogA vikasita rASTra hamArA, camakegA mAnava kA saubhAgya sitaaraa| R.pR. 184 anya rAjyoM para vijaya prApta kara bharata ayodhyA kI ora prasthAna karate haiN| ve mahasUsa karate haiM ki dizA rUpI vadhU ke kamalavat mukhamaNDala para muskAna kI jo rekhA dikhAI de rahI hai vaha manohArI hai| yahI nahIM aisA lagatA hai, jaise harSa kI uttAla taraMge bharata ke rUpa meM ayodhyA ke lie prasthAna kara rahI hoM - digvadhU ke mukha kamala para, nayanahara muskAna hai| harSa kI uttAla Urmi, kA nayA prasthAna hai| R.pR. 218 --00-- 294

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1. RSabhAyaNa nimagna, pR. - 79 - sandarbha-sUcI sukha kI saritA meM sAre jana, hai AkaNTha -00 295

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sandarbha-sUcI RSabhAyaNa - sUkha kI saritA meM sAre jana. hai AkaNTha nimagna, pR.-79 --00-- 12951

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adhyAya-SaSTham abhivyakti viSayaka bimboM kA citraNa kavi apanI anubhUti kI bimbAtmaka abhivyakti ke lie vividha upAdAnoM kA Azraya letA hai| muhAvare, lokokti, pratIka, zabdazakti, mAnavIkaraNa Adi upakaraNa jahA~ kathya ko prabhAvazAlI banAte haiM, vahIM kavi ke kalAtmaka utkarSa tathA zilpagata vaiziSTya kI udghoSaNA bhI karate haiN| kAvya zilpa ke kSetra meM kavi kisa sImA taka abhivyakti paddhatiyoM kA anusaraNa karatA hai tathA kisa sImA taka navInatA kA samAhAra karatA hai, isakA pUrNa parijJAna abhivyakti ke AdhAra para vargIkRta usake kAvya-bimboM ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| RSabhAyaNa meM AcArya mahAprajJa ne jina abhivyakti ke sAdhanoM kA prayoga bimba nirmANa meM kiyA hai, ve nimnalikhita hai - 1. abhidhA 2. lakSaNA ___ vyaMjanA muhAvare lokokti pratIka mAnavIkaraNa 8. paurANika prasaMga 9. mahApurUSa caritra viSayaka bimba abhidhA - abhidhA zabda zakti ke mAdhyama se sazakta bimboM ke sRjana meM AcArya mahAprajJa ko khUba saphalatA milI hai| yaugalika jIvana kI prAraMbhika avasthA, RSabha sumaMgalA nAmakaraNa, RSabha vivAha, rAjya vyavasthA, samAja racanA kA upakrama, zilpa aura karma kA vikAsa, parivAra saMsthA kA saMjIvana, pAtroM ke saMvAda, kaccha mahAkaccha dvArA prabhu se prArthanA, AhAra ke lie cakramaNa, nami vinami kA vArtAlApa, 12961

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mA~ marUdevA kI RSabha ke prati ciMtA, yuddha varNana Adi prasaMgoM meM abhidhA zakti ke dvArA kavi ne AkarSaka bimboM kI racanA kI hai| abhidhAmUlaka zailI ke upayoga se kathA meM gati AtI hai, ghaTanA aura dRzya spaSTa hote jAte haiM, jisa prakAra gahana aMdhakAra meM kSaNa bhara ke lie hI sahI, prakAza kI eka kiraNa sambandhita pariveza kI eka-eka vastu ko spaSTa kara detI hai, vaise hI abhidhA zakti kAvyAraNya meM eka-eka ghaTanA athavA dRzya kA vivaraNa prastuta kara mukhyArtha ko bimbita karatI hai / bhavana, gA~va, nagara kI AvazyakatA se pare yugaloM kA vanavAsI jIvana mAnavIya vikAroM evaM durbalatAoM se sarvathA mukta thA, jIvana ko sucArU rUpa se saMcAlita karane ke lie unakI AvazyakatAe~ bhI sImita thIM jisakI pUrti kalpavRkSoM se sahajatA se ho jAtI thii| saba svastha the| svataMtra jIvana thA / svarNa, rajata, maNimuktA kA akSaya bhaMDAra prakRti meM bharA par3A thA kiMtu usakA koI upayoga nahIM thA / nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ yaugalika jIvana kA dRzya upasthita kara abhidhAmUlaka bimba kA sRjana karatI haiM - nahIM gA~va hai, nahIM nagara hai, karate haiM saba jaba vanavAsa nahIM bhavana hai, nahIM rasavatI, sahaja siddha jaise sanyAsa | X X X nahIM artha hai, nahIM daMDa hai, nahIM apekSita hai vyApAra sImita AvazyakatA, sImita, icchA, sImita-sA saMsAra / jIvana kI AvazyakatAe~, kalpavRkSa se hotI pUrNa nahIM roga hai, nahIM cikitsA, nahIM prApta triphalA kA cUrNa / icchAdhArI hai svataMtra parataMtra, banAtA grAma - nivAsa svarNa, rajata, maNi, muktA saba haiM, kintu nahIM paribhoga vikAsa / R.pU. 7 sambandhoM meM jIte hue usakI anurakti se pare yaugalika jIvana ke sAtha pazuoM evaM itara prANiyoM kI sthiti tathA svabhAva kA citraNa bhI abhidhAmUlaka hai mAtA aura pitA, bhAI- bhaginI, kA samucita hai saMbaMdha kintu sahaja jIvana hai sabakA, nahIM tIvra hai prema saMbaMdha / X X R. pR. 6 297 X

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nATaka, lAsaka, nRtya ajanmA, mAnasa tRpta kutUhala mukta hAthI, bakarI, gAya labdha para, nara pazu haiM saMbaMdha viyukta siMha bAgha para hiMstra nahIM hai, AkRti saumya, prakRti se zAMta macchara, khaTamala DAMsa nahIM hai, nirUpadrava vasudhAtala kaaNt| R.pR. 8 yugaloM kI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrNa karane vAle sabhI kalpavRkSoM-citra, anagna, ga, gehAkAra, jyotiSa-aMga, maNi-aMga, dIpAMga, truTitAMga, citrAMga, madAMga ke kArya kA citraNa bhI abhidhA zailI meM kiyA gayA hai| zizu janma ke pazcAt nAmakaraNa (RSabha sumaMgalA) ke avasara kA dRzya evaM usa pariveza kA udghATana bhI abhidhA kI sahaja bhAvabhUmi para huA hai - nAmakaraNa ke kSaNa meM marUdevA, kA sakSama tarka rahA RSabha svapna RSabhAMkita vakSas, RSabha nAma avitarka rahA sAdhu-sAdhu eka svara meM kaha, yugala sabhI ullasita hue RSabha nAma kA saMbodhana pA, kisalaya taka ucchavasita hue| kanyA kI abhidhA sumaMgalA, maMgalamaya ujjavala velA / / kulakaravara zrInAbhirAja ke, ghara meM Aja lagA melA / R.pR. 36 RSabha vivAha kA dRzya bhI abhidhAmUlaka hai| vidhi vidhAna se pare, banAvaTa se dUra mAtra pANigrahaNa kI svIkArokti se dAmpatya jIvana meM praveza karane kI sahajavRtti kA bimba bhI darzanIya hai - maMDapa kI racanA nahIM, na ca vedI kA nAma nahIM sAkSya hai agni kA, saba kucha abhI anAma / maMtroccAraka hai nahIM, racA gayA nA maMtra kevala pANigrahaNa hI, hai vivAha kA tNtr| likhA gayA samudAya kA, eka nayA adhyAya / yuga-yuga kI iti para huA, sthApita nava AmnAya / mana se mana kA milana hI, hai vAstavika vivAha sAmAjika aba bana rahA, jIvana eka pravAha / R.pR. 50 2001

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nATaka, lAsaka, nRtya ajanmA, mAnasa tRpta kutUhala mukta hAthI, bakarI, gAya labdha para, nara pazu haiM saMbaMdha viyukta siMha bAgha para hiMstra nahIM hai, AkRti saumya, prakRti se zAMta macchara, khaTamala DAMsa nahIM hai, nirUpadrava vasudhAtala kaaNt| R.pR. 8 yugaloM kI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrNa karane vAle sabhI kalpavRkSoM-citra, anagna, bhuMga, gehAkAra, jyotiSa-aMga, maNi-aMga, dIpAMga, truTitAMga, citrAMga, madAMga' ke kArya kA citraNa bhI abhidhA zailI meM kiyA gayA hai| zizu janma ke pazcAt nAmakaraNa (RSabha sumaMgalA) ke avasara kA dRzya evaM usa pariveza kA udghATana bhI abhidhA kI sahaja bhAvabhUmi para huA hai - nAmakaraNa ke kSaNa meM marUdevA, kA sakSama tarka rahA RSabha svapna RSabhAMkita vakSas, RSabha nAma avitarka rahA . sAdhu-sAdhu eka svara meM kaha, yugala sabhI ullasita hue RSabha nAma kA saMbodhana pA, kisalaya taka ucchavasita hue| kanyA kI abhidhA sumaMgalA, maMgalamaya ujjavala velA / / kulakaravara zrInAbhirAja ke, ghara meM Aja lagA melA | R.pR. 36 RSabha vivAha kA dRzya bhI abhidhAmUlaka hai| vidhi vidhAna se pare, banAvaTa se dUra mAtra pANigrahaNa kI svIkArokti se dAmpatya jIvana meM praveza karane kI sahajavRtti kA bimba bhI darzanIya hai - maMDapa kI racanA nahIM, na ca vedI kA nAma nahIM sAkSya hai agni kA, saba kucha abhI anAma / maMtroccAraka hai nahIM, racA gayA nA maMtra kevala pANigrahaNa hI, hai vivAha kA tNtr| likhA gayA samudAya kA, eka nayA adhyAya / yuga-yuga kI iti para huA, sthApita nava AmnAya / mana se mana kA milana hI, hai vAstavika vivAha sAmAjika aba bana rahA, jIvana eka pravAha / R.pR. 50 ano

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sAmAjika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka kumbhakAra, lohakAra, sthapita, taMtuvAya, kSaura karma zreNI ke pravartana tathA usake utpAdya kA bimbAMkana bhI abhighA ke sahAre kiyA gayA hai - kuMbhakAra kI zreNI ne, AhAra-preya ke pAtra die lohakAra kI zreNI ne, ayajAta kuMdAlI-dAtra die aura sthapati kI zreNI ne, gRha-racanA kA saMkalpa liyA bhogabhUmi ko karmabhUmi kA, nava nirmita paridhAna diyA taMtuvAya kI zreNI ne, AcchAdanakArI vastra die kSaura karma kI zreNI ne, nakha-kantula ke saMskAra kie / R.pR. 63 pArivArika, sAmAjika jIvana meM praveza karane ke pazcAta sambandhoM ke mohabandhoM kA bimba bhI abhidhA ke dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai - mama mAtA, mama pitA sahodara, merI patnI, merA putra merA ghara hai, merA dhana hai, saghana huA mamatA kA sUtra / mamatA ne parivAra, nAma kI, saMsthA ko AkAra diyA mamatA hI parivAra, usI ne, krUra vRtti kA vilaya kiyaa| R.pR. 68 RSabha dvArA rAjya tyAga ke avasara para jana samAja kI bhAvukatA, vihavalatA kA sahaja evaM prabhAvazAlI citraNa abhidhA ke kAraNa hI ho sakA hai - cira sucira paricita vinItA, aparicita aba ho rahI laga rahA thA Aja janatA, dhairya apanA kho rahI jA rahe ho naath| hamako, chor3akara ajJAta meM bheda hama kara pA rahe the, rAta aura prabhAta meM caraNa sannidhi prApta kara prabhu ! prAta jaisI rAta bhI dUra pA prabhu-caraNa-yuga ko, rAta jaisA prAta bhii| thA hameM vizvAsa pala-pala, prabhu hamAre sAtha haiM kyoM hameM cintA abhayadaya, sadaya sira para hAtha hai| R.pR. 103 12991

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/ isa saMdarbha meM aTThAnabe putroM tathA brAhmI, suMdarI kI kAmanA kA bimba bhI abhidhA para hI AdhArita hai - yAda kareMge prabhu ko hama saba, kabhI-kabhI kara lenA yAda Ate-jAte pala bhara rUkakara, kara lenA hamase saMvAda R.pR. 105 svAmI ! phira tuma kaba Aoge ? de do thor3A sA saMketa iMgita ko AdhAra banAkara, hama bhI pratipala raheM scet| R.pR. 106 bhUkha pyAsa se pIr3ita munigaNoM kI RSabha ke prati nirAzA janya sthiti tathA RSabha kI samAdhistha sthiti ke lie bhI abhidhAmUlaka bimba ko mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai - pahale, zikSA dete, patha batalAte animeSa dRSTi se, vatsalatA brsaate| aba mauna, nayana hai, ardhanimIlita bhAI ! kyA pUche ? kisase pUche ? yaha kaThinAI hama cale sabhI tana-mana, kI sthiti batalAe~ saMbhava saMvedana kI, gAMTheM khula jAyeM hAM, sAdhu-sAdhu kaha, sabane caraNa bar3hAe prabhu ke sammukha A, hArdika bhAva sunAe R.pR. 111 caraNa calane ko capala hai, jIbha khAne ke lie mana capala hai socane ke deva ! avicala kisalie ? deva ! hama saba ati bubhukSita, kaMTha meM ati pyAsa hai A~kha kholeM aura boleM, bolatA vizvAsa hai| R.pR. 112 AhAra ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha ke manobhAvoM ko na samajha svAgata ko Atura adhvadarzI janatA amUlya vastuoM kA samarpaNa kara unake prati apane sammAna bhAva ko vyakta karanA cAhatI hai - thAla muktA se bharA, upahAra koI lA rahA bhaktibhAvita bhAva koI, stavana-maMgala gA rahA 13001

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svarNa, nAnA maNi-nicaya kI, bheMTa kA prastAva hai| pUjya ke sammukha samarpaNa, mAnavIya svabhAva hai| R.pR. 118 patra RSabha ke prati mA~ marUdevA kI cintA ke bimbAMkana meM bhI kavi ne abhidhA se kAma liyA hai| mA~ marUdevA bharata se kahatI hai - Aja akelA, kauna dUsarA, sukha duHkha meM usakA sAthI ? padacArI, pahale rahatA thA, car3hane ko prastuta haathii| padatrANa nahIM caraNoM meM, patha meM hoMge prastara khaMDa tapatI dharatI, tapatI bAlU, hogA ravi kA tApa pracaMDa R.pR.148 bhUmI zayyA, vahI bichaunA, nIMda kahA~ se AegI? rAtri-jAgaraNa karatA hogA, smRti vismRti bana jAegI / bharata ! tumhArA doSa nahIM hai, kahA~ RSabha ne yAda kiyA ? eka bAra bhI laghu-laghutara sA, kyA koI saMvAda diyA ? R.pR. 149 yogI rUpa meM RSabha ke vyaktitva, evaM usake prabhAva se zakaTamukha udyAna kI AbhA kA citraNa abhidhAparaka hI hai| panihArina mA~ marUdevA se A~khoM dekhI manohArI dRzya kA varNana karatI hai - yogI hai alabelA svAmini ! sira para AbhAmaMDala hai| ojasvI hai, tejasvI hai, devAdhipa AkhaMDala hai| zilApaTTa zobhita siMhAsana, mahimAmaMDita chatra mahAna mAtAjI ! Azcarya, ho gae, hare bhare sAre udyaan| kaNa kaNa meM saurabha phailA hai, karatA hai .sabako aahaan| janatA kahatI, Aja A gayA, alakha ayodhyA kA bhgvaan| R.pR. 152 cakraratna ke sahacara ratna trayodaza ke kriyAkalApoM ke varNana meM bhI abhidhA kI itivRtti sahAyaka huyI hai| bharata kI AjJA se digvijaya ke lie prasthAna karatI huyI senA divya ratnoM se sajjita evaM surakSita hai| sindhu nadI ke pArzva deza meM vijaya dhvaja phaharAne ke lie utsuka senApati ne carmaratna ke sahayoga se himagiri parisara vAsiyoM ko Atma samarpaNa karane ke lie vivaza kara diyaa| yahA~ senApati kI kriyA tathA carmaratna ke kArya kA bimbagata varNana bhI abhidhA kI dena hai - 301

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udghoSita kara nirdeza nRpati kA senApati ! tuma jAo sindhu nadI ke pArzva deza meM, vijaya dhvaja phaharAo X X X zirodhArya kara AjJA nRpa kI, siMdhu tIra para AyA liyA hAtha meM carmaratna ko, savinaya zISa jhukAyA siMdhu nadI ke Ara-pAra taka, carma banA aba naukA jala meM sthala ke anubhava kA yaha kitanA durlabha maukA / senAnI ke senA - bala ko, sahasA pAra utArA mahAzakti ke sammukha AtA, apane Apa kinArA / R. pR. 166 R. pR. 167 abhaya kI utsarpiNI kAla meM pala rahA bahalI deza sukha zAMti kA jIvana rahA hai / kRSaka, siddha, yogI tathA prakRti apane-apane karma meM saMlagna haiM / ina sabhI dRzyoM kA bimba abhidhA ke dvArA hI jJApita ho pAyA hai / bahalI kI sImA meM praveza karate hI bharata ke saMdeza vAhaka suvega ko cAroM ora ramyatA hI ramyatA dikhAI detI hai dUta ke Agamana se bhaya, bhIta takSazilA nahI T abhaya kI utsarpiNI meM, navala suSamA hI rahI / zakuni gaNa kA maMju kalakha, zvAsa parimala kA liyA svAgataM bahalI dharA para, mRdula kisalaya ne kiyA / kRSaka nija-nija kheta meM, khalihAna meM saMlagna haiM siddha yogI bhAvanAmaya, sAdhanA meM magna haiM / bAhubali kI suyaza gAthA, gA rahe haiM bhakti se bhItarI anurakti pAvana, upajatI hai zakti se / saphala vAtAvaraNa zraddhA, sikta ati sammAna hai amala jyotsanA pUrNimA ke, candra kA avadAna hai| vRta se Abaddha kali kA, phalita puSpa parAga hai / ekatA kA sahaja anubhava, prema kA anubhAga hai / RpR. 231 R. pU. 230 dUta se bAhubalI ke vArtAlApa kA bimbAMkana bhI abhidhA ke dvArA kiyA 302

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gayA hai| ve suvega se eka sAmAnya vyakti kI bhA~ti parivAra kA hAla-cAla pUchate hue bacapana meM bharata ke sAtha bitAye hue dinoM kI yAda bhI karate haiM - R.pR. 233 kuzala kauzala deza meM hai, svajana jana-jana kuzala haiM ? vijaya yAtrA se samAgata, bharata bhAI kuzala haiM ? mudita hai mana Aja merA, gAtra pulakita ho rahA sakala jAgRta ho gayA jo, smRti-paTala para so rahA / aMka yaha paryaka jaisA, tAta kA upalabdha thA maiM prathama AsIna hotA. bharata usase stabdha thaa| bharata jaba AsIna hotA, zrI pitA kI goda meM dUra kara detA use maiM, zizu sulabha Amoda meN| mata karo avinaya avajJA, bharata tuma se jyeSTha hai| roka dete tAta mujhako, vacana vaibhava zreSTha hai| R.pR. 234 isa prakAra abhidhAtmaka bimba kA prakAzana kavi ne saphalatA pUrvaka kiyA --00-- 2. lakSaNA lAkSaNikatA abhivyakti kA mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai| jaba abhidheyArtha se mukhyArtha ko grahaNa karane meM bAdhA upasthita hotI hai, taba lakSaNA zabda zakti se mukhyArtha kA AsvAdana kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa kI bhASA, lakSaNA va vyaMjanA se paripUrNa hai| lakSaNA kA viziSTa guNadharma hI hai citraatmktaa| isIlie lAkSaNika zabdoM ke prayoga se bhASA sAmAnya artha se pare vastu ke guNadharma ke AdhAra para apanA viziSTa artha detI hai| yoM to sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAra, muhAvare Adi lAkSaNika arthoM ke sazakta vAhaka haiM, jisakI carcA ukta zIrSakoM dvArA bimba niSpAdana meM kI jA cukI hai| bhASA ko dhAradAra va kathya ko urvara banAne kI dRSTi se kavi ne katipaya lAkSaNika bimboM kA saphala niyojana kiyA hai| nimnalikhita udAharaNa meM prakRti ke | 303]

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lAkSaNika bimba kA saudarya dRSTavya hai - raMgabhUmi meM ye donoM naTa, khela rahe haiM nAnA khela inake paryAyoM se hI hai, harI-bharI jIvana kI bel| R.pR. 5 uparyukta paMktiyoM meM donoM naTa' ke lakSyArtha se prakRti kI cetana va acetana sattA tathA jIvana ko harI bharI bela se bimbita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki 'cetana' aura 'acetana' naTa nahIM hai, jo khela kheleM aura na hI jIvana koI bela hai jo harI bharI ho| para aisI kahane kI paramparA ho gayI hai| ataH yahAM 'harI bharI jIvana kI bela' kA lakSyArtha jIvana ke samucita vikAsa se hai| 'khaga ke pA~va pasAra kara ur3a jAne ke lakSyArtha se zarIra se prANa nikalane kI kriyA kA sazakta bimba bhI udaghATita hai| unapacAsa dina taka karatA hai, lAlana-pAlana yugala udAra eka chIMka yA jaMbhAI le, uDa jAtA khaga pA~va psaar| R.pR. 11 jIvana kI gatizIlatA ko 'pota' kI gatizIlatA se bhI lakSita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jIvana koI pota nahIM hai jo jala meM cle| kintu jIvana aura pota meM gati karane kI sAdharmikatA hai, paurUSa usakA sambala hai| yahA~ gauNI lakSaNA ke sahAre yaugalika jIvana ko bimbita kiyA gayA hai - apane paurUSa se calatA hai, navayuvakoM kA jIvana pota apanA dIpaka apanI bAtI, snehasikta apanA udyot| R.pR. 12 isI prakAra samaya ke niraMtara gatimAna bane rahane kI kriyA kA udghATana bhI 'ratha' ke lAkSaNika prayoga se kiyA gayA hai jisase utsarpiNI kAla kI unnata dazA ke pazcAta avasarpiNI kAla kI avanati dazA ko darzAyA gayA hai bar3hA samaya ratha jaise Age, calA hAsa kA vaise cakra unnati avanati kI yAtrA meM, kabhI sulabha paya, durlabha tkr| R.pR. 12 'sulabha paya' ke lakSyArtha se sukha suvidhA tathA 'durlabha takra' ke lakSyArtha se jIvana kI samasyAoM kI ora bhI lakSita kiyA gayA hai| saMskRti kA vikAsa mAnava |304

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ke dvArA hI huaa| samasyAe~ yadi mAnava ke dvArA hI nirmita huyI to usakA nidAna bhI mAnava ke dvArA hI kiyA gyaa| nimnalikhita uddharaNa meM 'saMskRti' 'bhUmi' aura 'urvara' kA lakSyArtha kramazaH 'manuSya', 'mastiSka' ora usakI 'pratimA' se hai| pratyeka kAla meM mAnavoM ke samakSa yadi samasyAe~ na AyI hotI to kyA usakA mastiSka abhAva kI mukti ke lie urvara bana pAtA ? - kAlakRta saMskRti samasyA, bIja yadi botI nahIM bhUmi cintana-manana kI yaha, urvarA hotI nhiiN| R.pR. 14 svataMtra jIvana jIne vAle yugaloM ke lie 'paMchI' tathA niyamoM se pratibaddha unake jIvana ko 'piMjar3A' lAkSaNika bimba se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| muktagagana meM pakSI ke samAna vicaraNa karane vAle yugala kyA vidhi vidhAna rUpI piMjar3e se palabhara bhI pyAra kara sakeMge? arthAta nahIM - mukta pavana meM zvAsa liyA hai, mukta gagana meM kiyA vihaar| usa paMchI kA kaise hogA, pala bhara bhI piMjar3e se pyaar| R.pR. 19 'svIkArokti' kI abhivyakti ke lie 'or3hA' tathA mana kI nirliptatA ke lie 'utpala' kA lAkSaNika prayoga bhI kulakara yazasvAn ke saMdarbha meM dRSTavya hai - uttaradAyitva yazasvI ne, oDhA sAnaMda manasvI ne utpala-nirlepa tapasvI ne, saMkalpa lie madhu rasa bhiine| R.pR. 24 'vastra khaNDa' evaM 'jIrNa' lakSyArtha se kramazaH zarIra aura mRtyu kA bimba nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| 'nidrA' lakSyArtha se bhI abhidheyArtha se pare mRtyu ke lie mukhyArtha grahaNIya hai| nara zizu kI mRtyu para zoka saMtapta bAlikA kA bhAvAnkana lakSaNA ke sahAre hI jIvanta ho sakA hai - samajhAyA taba maMtra mRtyu kA, aMtaHkaraNa vidIrNa huA adhunA parihita vastra-khaMDa yaha, hA! adhunA hI jIrNa huaa| bhAI nidrA kI mudrA meM, phira na kahIM mila paaeNge| R.pR. 41 saMpUrNa kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie 'kAmadhenu' kA lAkSaNika bimba bhI [305]

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nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| 'vidyA' aura 'kAmaduhA dhenu' meM sAdRzya sambandha nahIM tAtkarmya sambandha hai| jisa prakAra se kAmadhenu se sampUrNa kAmanAo kI pUrti hotI hai, vaise hI vidyA bhI saMpUrNa kAmanAoM kI pUrti karatI hai| vidyA vikAsa ke udedazya se RSabha apanI putriyoM se kahate haiM - par3ho putriyoM! karmabhUmi meM, vidyA kA hogA smmaan| vidyA kAmaduhA dhenU hai, kalpavRkSa kA nava prsthaan| R.pR. 66 'rIti nIti' kI abhivyakti ke lie 'patha' zabda kI yojanA kI gayI hai| vastutaH patha kA artha hotA hai 'raastaa'| jabaki yahA~ patha kA lakSyArtha hogA 'nIti'. arthAt saMyama nIti (indriya nigraha) kA pAlana karate hue adhyAtma mArga para clnaa| yoga mArga para calane ke lie tatpara RSabhadeva bharata se kahate haiM - lo dAyitva saMbhAlo apanA, siMhAsana aasiin| maiM saMyama-patha para calatA hU~, bana AtmA meM liin| R.pR. 83 'amala kamala' lakSyArtha se RSama ke mana kI nirliptatA tathA AtmA kI paripuSTatA kA bhI bimbAMkana kiyA gayA hai| 'madhukara' zabda lAkSaNika rUpa meM svataH bAhubalI evaM 'parimala' RSabha ke prati AkarSaNa kA vAhaka hai| jisa prakAra bhramara kamala ke suvAsa se pratibaddha hotA hai vaise hI bAhubalI kA mana rUpI bhauMrA bhI kamala svarUpa RSabha ke sambandhAkarSaNa se dUra rahane meM asamartha hai - yaha amala kamala aba dUra-dUra jaaegaa| madhukara parimala se dUra na ho paaegaa| R.pR. 105 samAna guNadharma ke AdhAra para kavi ne lakSaNA paraka kaI bimba nirmita kie haiN| jaisA ki nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - A gayA parivAra parivRta, RSabha sannidhi meM rUkA caraNa sarasija puSparaja meM, zIrSa zraddhA se jhukA / R.pR. 128 yahA~ 'caraNa sarasija' meM gauNI lakSaNA hai| sarasija kA pradhAna guNa hai-komalatA, jisakA AropaNa RSabha ke caraNoM para kara use kamala ke samAna 3061

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komala kahA gayA hai| sAdhAraNa dharma ke anurUpa gauNI lakSaNA kA udAharaNa usa samaya bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai jaba bAhubalI pitA kA darzana na kara pAne ke kAraNa vyathita ho jAte haiM taba saciva unheM samajhAte hue kahatA hai - phira kyoM Anana-kala udAsa ? kyoM murajhAyA hai vishvaas| R.pR. 140 yahA~ kamala kI komalatA se bAhubalI ke mukha kI komalatA ko tathA 'vizvAsa ke murajhAne' ke lakSyArtha se vizvAsa ko 'DagamagAne' kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| jIvana ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai| yoga mArga para calane vAle rAhI ke lie atyadhika bhojana varjita hai| alpa AhArI hI isa mArga para cala sakatA hai| yahA~ 'alpa AhAra' ko gocaryA evaM atyadhika AhAra ko 'gardabha caryA' se lakSita kiyA gayA hai gAya nahIM unmUlana karatI, tRNa kA kara letI AhAra alpa grahaNa gocaryA, gardabha-carcA kA varjita aacaar| R.pR. 134 manovikAroM ko bhI lAkSaNika sandarbha se jor3akara unheM svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai - mAnavIya AcAra-saMhitA, kA AdhAra ahiMsA hai, zAMti bhaMga duHkha-bIja vapana kara, haMsane vAlI hiMsA hai| R.pR. 159 'hiMsA' koI zarIra dhArI nahIM hai jo hNse| 'hiMsA' eka vRtti hai jo 'hiMsaka' meM hI samAhita hai| isa prakAra zuddhA upAdAna lakSaNA ke sahAre hiMsaka vyakti kI vRtti bimbita kI gayI hai| 'vRkSa' para 'vasaMta' ke prabhAvakArI lakSyArtha se bharata ke mana kI prasannatA kA bhI bimbAMkana kiyA gayA hai| senAnI ke dvArA yuddha kA vRttAMta sunakara bharata kA mana vaise hI praphullita ho gayA jaise vasaMta ke prabhAva se vRkSa harA bharA ho jAtA hai vardhApana kara senAnI ne, avikala vRtta batAyA bharata nRpati ke mAnasa tarU para, vara vasaMta ghraayaa| R.pR. 169 1307

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nadiyoM ke jala se paripUrNa sAgara kI atRpti ke lakSyArtha se bharata kI vaibhava janya atRpti kA bhI bimba sRjita kiyA gayA hai| bharata ke samarpaNa paraka saMdeza se vyathita unake sahodara socate haiM ki - itanI nadiyoM kA jala lekara, nahIM huA yaha sAgara tRpta darpa bar3hA hai pA parAga rasa, madhukara Aja huA hai dRpta / R. pR. 193 'bAr3ha' ke lakSyArtha se 'bharata kI mahatvAkAMkSA ko bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai| aTThAnabe putra bharata kI mahatvAkAMkSA ko lakSita kara pitA RSabha se kahate hai pUra nIra kA AyA prabhuvara ! usako do nUtana taTa-baMdha / R. pR. 196 solaha kalAoM se paripUrNa candramA ke bimba se nIti-nipuNa saciva kI pAradarzI maMtraNA ko lakSita karate hue bharata kahanA cAhate haiM ki AkAza meM jo garimAmaya sthAna kalAdhara kA hotA hai, rAjya meM vahI sthAna saciva kA hotA hai jaise, RSabha - suta ke saciva ho tuma, sthAna garimApUrNa hai dekha lo solaha kalA se, candramA paripUrNa hai / R. pR. 223 bimba niSpAdana meM rUr3hA lakSaNA kA prayoga bhI kavi ne khUba kiyA hai| 1. para acala himAlaya apanI bAta kahegA / 2. prAsAda - paMkti ne nRpati bharata ko dekhA / 3. ghara nahIM vaza meM vivaza vaha, pUrNataH parataMtra hai / - R. pR. 181 R. pR. 186 R.pU. 227 isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM lakSaNA zabda zakti ke prayoga se kavi ne aneka samartha bimboM kA nirmANa kiyA hai / --00- 308

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3. vyaMjanA gUDhArtha kI abhivyakti ke lie kavigaNa vyaMjanA zabda zakti kA upoga karate Ae haiN| vyaMgyArtha isakA mukhya dharma hai| RSabhAyaNa vastutaH loka aura paraloka kA sAkSAt saMgama hai isalie bhASA bhI AvazyakatAnurUpa vAcyArtha se lakSyArtha aura lakSyArtha se vyaMgyArtha ke sAMce meM DhalatI gayI hai| yugaloM kA prAraMbhika jIvana zAMta, nirvikAra kiMtu vidyA, bhASA, paThana-pAThana, kAvya, zabdakoSa Adi ke jJAna se zUnya thaa| unake isa abodhamaya jIvana ke dRzya ko divasa meM tirohita nakSatroM ke bimba se vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai - paThana, pAThana, kAvya bhASA, zabda koza vitarkaNA saba tirohita hai divasa meM, jyoM nakhata kI arpnnaa| R.pR. 10 tAlaphala ke AghAta se narazizu kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake mAtA-pitA ke mana meM eka aisA bhaya samA gayA, jisakA koI nidAna nhiiN| yahA~ 'mana meM anabUjhA sA kampana' tathA jIvana ke Thaharane ke vyaMgyArtha se mRtyu kI bhayAvaha sthiti kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai - dUra sthita mAM aura pitA kA, anajAne tana sihara gayA mana meM anabUjhA-sA kaMpana, jIvana jaise Thahara gyaa| R.pR. 40 yahI nahIM, nara zizu kI akAla mRtyu se yugaloM meM mRtyu ke prati bhaya bhAva kI vyaMjanA 'chuI-muI' vanaspati se bhI kI gayI hai - kAla-mRtyu se paricita thA yuga, asamaya mRtyu kabhI na huI prazna rahA hogA asamAhita, banI manaHsthiti chuI-muI / R.pR. 41 puSpa ke khilane kI AturatA se jIvana vikAsa ko bhI vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki bhAI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt sunandA apane pitA se kahatI hai - pitA ! kahA~ aba merA bhAI, majhe choDa kyoM calA gayA ? eka puSpa khilane ko Atura, binA khile hI calA gyaa| R.pR. 41 kalpavRkSoM ke kArpaNya se yugaloM kI kSudhA pIr3A kI abhivyaMjanA murajhAI 309]

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huI phulavArI se bhI kI gaI hai| hotI svataMtratA apanI sabako pyArI, para jaThara- vedanA se murajhI phulavArI / R. pR. 54 rAjA aura janatA ke paraspara madhura sambandhoM ke AdhAra ko 'sAgara' aura usakI eka-eka bUMda ke sAhacarya se vyakta kiyA gayA hai / yadi jana-jana svayaM se rAjA ko abhinna pAtA hai, tabhI vaha rAjA kArUNika rAjA ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ sAgara aura bindu kI vyaMjanA se rAjA evaM prajA kI abhinnatA darzita kI gayI hai choTI maMDala, choTI sImA, netA meM karUNA kA sindhu sAgara bhinna nahIM hai mujhameM, anubhava karatA hai hara bindu / R. pR. 71 pitA ke rAjya tyAga ke nizcaya se bharata ko rAjya kI saMpUrNa sukha suvidhA 'tuSA' ke samAna pratIta hotI hai / yahA~ pitA kI zreSThatA ke samakakSa rAjya vaibhava kI tucchatA kI vyaMjanA 'tuSA' se tathA RSabha ke vyaktitva evaM karUNA kI vyaMjanA kramazaH 'dhAnya' aura 'bAdala' se kI gayI hai - zirodhArya vANI prabhuvara kI, kintu na mana ko mAnya lagatA hai yaha rAjya tuSopama, dUra ho rahA dhAnya baraso - baraso aba parjanya! ho jAe antastala dhanya / R. pU. 86 udAravAdI zAsaka kA sammAna janatA hRdaya se karatI hai| aise sahRdaya rAjA ke prati janatA ke samarpaNa bhAva kI vyaMjanA 'kho detA nara hoza' ukti se kI gayI hai| 'rAjanIti saMbodha' ke aMtargata RSabha bharata se kahate haiM kevala nigrahanIti se bar3hatA jana Akroza sirpha anugraha - nIti se, kho detA nara hoza R. pR. 88 RSabha ke lie janapratinidhi dvArA vidhAtA, dhAtA, oMkAra tathA sAmAjika vyavasthA ke AdhAra kA vizeSa kathana unake sarvazaktimAna svarUpa ko vyaMjita karatA hai 310

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tuma vidhAtA aura dhAtA, sRSTi ke oMkAra ho| aura sAmAjika vyavasthA, ke tumhI AdhAra ho|| R.pR. 98 kaccha mahAkaccha Adi ke dvArA RSabha kI udAratA ora unakI 'chatrachAyA' kI vyaMjanA 'sadaya sira para hAtha hai' kathana se bhI kI gayI hai - thA hameM vizvAsa pala-pala, prabhu hamAre sAtha haiM kyoM hameM cintA abhayadaya, sadaya sira para hAtha hai| R.pU. 103 RSabha kI chatrachAyA meM palane vAle nAgarika nahIM cAhate ki RSabha unakA tyAgakara vijana vAsa kareM kyoMki jo kucha bhI hai jana samAja meM hI hai, jahA~ jana hI nahIM vahA~ milegA kyA ? RSama ke vijana vAsa kI upalabdhi kA anumAna na lagA pAne ke kAraNa hI janasamUha use 'pyAja' kI vyaMjanA se tiraskRta athavA tyAjya mAnatA hai - chatra-chAyA meM pale hama, ho rahA kyA Aja hai ? kyA milegA vijana meM aba, nAtha ! yaha to pyAja hai ? R.pR. 104 saMsAra ke prati RSabha kI virakti bhAva kI vyaMjanA 'antargata ke daravAje haiM sAre banda' kathana se kI gayI hai - kAna khule haiM, antarmana ke, daravAje haiM sAre banda | spaMdana kI isa citrapaTI para, virala citra hotA nispNd| R.pR. 106 zarIra kA poSaNa bhojana se aura AtmA kA poSaNa jJAnAnanda se hotA hai| RSabha ke sAtha dIkSita hue anya ziSyoM kI samasyA bhI bhUkha, jisake kAraNa ve sAdhanA-magna RSabha ke cAroM ora maMDarAte rahate the| kAmanA pUrI na hone para ve saba unase kinArA kasa lie| yahA~ 'bhramaroM ke guMjArava mauna' ke lakSaNA mUlA vyaMjanA se RSabha ke prati ziSyoM kI kSudhA-tRpti na hone ke kAraNa virakti kA bhAva vyakta huA hai - AsapAsa maMDarAne vAle, bhramaroM kA guMjArava mauna ho na parAjita bhUkha-pyAsa se, jaga meM aisA mAnava kauna ? R.pR. 113 IcchAe~ ananta haiM, aura jaba taka icchAe~ zeSa haiM taba taka sAMsArikatA se 311

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mukti nahIM mila sakatI hai| 'cAha' ke niHzeSa ho jAne para hI AdhyAtmika loka ke kapATa khulate haiN| Atma sAdhanA meM lIna RSabha ke sandarbha meM nimnalikhita paMktiyA~ ArthI vyaMjanA kA sazakta udAharaNa haiM - cAha nahIM hai, rAha vahIM haiM, satya kahIM aspaSTa nahIM ! zaddha cetanA ke anubhava meM, priya-apriya kA kaSTa nhiiN| R.pa. 115 nami vinami dvArA rAjya ke lie bharata se yAcanA na karane ke saMkalpa meM unake svAbhimAna kI vyaMjanA huyI hai| nAgarAja dharaNa se nami-vinami kahate haiM - hai kauna bharata ! jo dAtA, hama adAtA, isa jIvana meM to kevala prabhu hI trAtA tuma suno, bharata se rAjya nahIM lenA hai, yaha prAjya rAjya to pramu ko hI denA hai| R.pR. 123 isase yaha bhI dhvani nikala rahI hai ki bharata ko sAmrAjya pitA ne diyA hai jisa para pAlita putra hone ke nAte usakA bhI adhikAra hai aura use vaha pitA ke dvArA milanA hI cAhie, jise hama lekara hI rheNge| yahA~ nami-vinami ke dvArA putravata adhikAra bhAva kI saphala abhivyakti huI hai| "guphA tamistrA' meM vyApta aMdhakAra kI bhayAvahatA kI vyaMjanA 'raurava kI kAyA' kathana se kI gayI hai jisameM daNDa ratna se surakSita hone ke bAvajUda bhI senApati praveza karane meM katarAne lagatA hai - dekhA vajakapATa tamistrA, kI raurava-sI kAyA pUrNa bharosA, daNDa-ratna para, phira bhI mana ktraayaa| R.pR. 168 sAgara aura bhramara ke lakSaNA mUlA vyaMgyArtha se bharata kI atRpti evaM ahaMkArI vRtti ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| tamAma nadiyoM kA jala avazoSita karane ke pazcAt bhI sAgara atRpta hI hai kA vyaMgyArtha hai, adhikAMzataH narezoM ko vijita karane ke bAvajUda bhI dhana-dhAnya se paripUrNa bharata kI tRSNA bujhI nahIM, bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai, jisase vaibhava rUpI parAga rasa kA pAna karane vAlA yaha bhauMrA unmatta sA ho gayA | 312]

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itanI nadiyoM kA jala lekara, nahIM huA yaha sAgara tRpta darpa bar3hA hai pA parAga rasa, madhukara Aja huA hai dRpt| R.pR. 193 isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM vyaMjanA zabda zakti kI saphala abhivyakti kA vistAra dekhA jA sakatA hai| --00-- 4-5. muhAvare tathA lokoktiyA~ - muhAvare kisI vizeSa bhASA meM pracalita vaha pada-bandha yA kathana-bandha hai jisameM bhAva vahana tathA mAnava jAti ke anubhavoM ko mUrta svarUpa pradAna karane kI adbhuta kSamatA hotI hai, inake prayoga se kathana cuTIlA, marmasparzI evaM vyaMjaka banatA hai| vastutaH muhAvare va lokektiyA~ kisI ghaTanA athavA upadezAtmaka rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AtI haiN| janasAdhAraNa ke bIca inakA janma hone ke kAraNa inakA svarUpa saMvedanAtmaka hotA hai, isIlie janamAnasa para inakA atyadhika prabhAva bhI par3atA hai| prasaMgAnukUla prayukta muhAvare va lokoktiyA~ ghaTanA yA mUlakathA kA smaraNa dilAkara varNana meM camatkAra va gocaratA paidA karate haiN| mahAvare va lokoktiyoM se bimboM kA nirmANa unakI lAkSaNika kSamatA ke kAraNa hotA hai, jisase hI ye bimba vidhAna ke sazakta sAdhana mAne gaye haiN| lokokti aura muhAvaroM meM bimba kSamatA ko dekhate hue DaoN. dAsa guptA ne likhA hai - 'zabda samaSTi ke bhItara isa citra dharma ko sAdhAraNataH nAma milA hai - muhAvarA yA lokokti| bhASA meM jo prayoga muhAvaroM ke nAma se paricita hai, unameM adhikAMza kA hI vizleSaNa karane para hama dekha sakeMge ki unameM bhASA kA yaha citra dharma hI hai| hama eka prayatna dvArA do kArya siddha nahIM karate, eka Dhele se do cir3iyoM kA zikAra karate haiN| hama apanA kArya Apa nahIM karate 'apane carkhe meM tela dete haiM' / ........ mahAmUrkha vyakti ko hama pukArate haiM 'kATha kA ulluu'| apAtra vyakti ke nikaTa niSphala nivedana nahIM karate 'araNya rodana' karate haiN| hama marma pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAte 'kalejA cheda dete haiN| .......... tila ko tAr3a karanA, samudra meM [313]

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pAnI barasAnA, do nAvoM para savAra honA, hastAmalakavat dekhanA (pratyakSa pramANa) ... ........ ina sabhI meM haiN| citra dharma / 2 citradharma ke kAraNa hI ye bimba nirmANa ke sazakta mAdhyama mAne gae haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhI bahusaMkhyaka muhAvaroM va lokoktiyoM kA bimbAtmaka prayoga kiyA hai| prathama kulakara vimala vAhana ne yugala samAja ko vyavasthita karane ke lie daNDanIti kA nirdhAraNa kiyA, jise sabhI yugaloM ne sammAnapUrvaka svIkAra kara zirodhArya kiyaa| yugaloM dvArA Adara pUrvaka svIkRta ukta vidhAna ko 'zIza car3hAnA' muhAvarA se bimbita kiyA gayA hai - kulakara kI kRti ko sabane zISa car3hAyA adhikAra - bhAvanA indrajAla kI maayaa| R.pR. 21 Alasya dUra karane evaM 'caitanya lAbha' ke lie 'aMgar3AI lenA' tathA 'AnaMda' bhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie 'romAMcita honA' muhAvare kA bimbAtmaka prayoga eka sAtha kiyA gayA hai jisameM kavi kI muhAvare dAnI dekhate hI banatI hai| divya svapnoM se romAMcita garbhavatI sumaMgalA svapna saMdeza dene ke lie jaba RSabha ke samakSa upasthita hotI haiM, taba unakI nidrA TUTa cukI thI aura ve jAgRti kI 'aMgar3AI le rahe the - romAMcita pulakita sumaMgalA taba AyI jaba RSabha le rahe, jAgRti kI aMgar3AI / R.pR. 51 'romAMcita honA' muhAvare kA bimba sammata upayoga anya sthaloM para bhI kiyA gayA hai| bhikSA lAbha ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha kA Agamana jaba hastinApura meM hotA hai, taba pitAmaha kA darzana karane ke lie pautra zreyAMsa kA hRdaya pulakita evaM zarIra romAMcita ho uThatA hai - o ! pitAmaha kA padArpaNa deha romAMcita huA sakala antaHkaraNa pulakita, vacana garvAkita huaa| kapa R.pR. 128 'mRtyu' ke lie 'dIpaka bujha jAnA' muhAvare kA bhI bimbAtmaka prayoga kiyA gayA hai| nara zizu kI akAla mRtyu para zizu kanyA ke jIvana meM sahasA aMdherA hI [314]

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aMdherA dikhAI dene lagA, kyoMki usake jIvana ko prakAzita karane vAle usake sahacara kA jIvana dIpa asamaya meM hI bujha gayA thA - komala sira ko krUra niyati ne, palabhara meM niSprANa kiyA marmAhata-sI zizu kanyA kA, asamaya meM bujha gayA diyaa| R.pR. 40 lajjita hone ke artha meM 'mAthA jhukanA' muhAvare kA bimba niyojita hai| yugaloM kI bhojana, vastra aura AvAsIya samasyA kA koI samAdhAna na dekhakara paristhitiyoM ke samakSa kulakara nAbhi apanA 'mAthA jhukA huA' pAte haiM - bahuta alpa AvAsa bace haiM, yugala-kaSTa kI gAthA hai| samAdhAna hai dRSTi-agocara, jhukA huA yaha mAthA hai| R.pR. 45 kisI bhI kAryArambha ke lie 'sUtrapAta honA' tathA kArya ke sthirIkaraNa ke lie 'paira jamAnA' muhAvare kA bimbAtmaka prayoga usa samaya dekhane ko milatA hai, jaba nAbhi dvArA svIkRti mila jAne para RSabha saha sumaMgalA evaM sunandA vaivAhika bandhana meM ba~dhate haiN| taba se hI samAja meM bahupatnIvAda ke 'sUtrapAta se' isa paramparA ne 'apanA paira jamA liyA' - patnI dvaya kI nava racanA kA, sUtrapAta ho jAegA, bahupatnI kA vAda asaMzaya, apane paira jmaaegaa| R.pR. 46 bhUkha se pIr3ita yugaloM kI vivazatA ke lie dina meM tAre dikhAI denA' muhAvare kA bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kalpavRkSoM ke rUTha jAne para yugaloM ke samakSa bhojana-pAna kI samasyA itanI jaTila ho gayI ki usakA nidAna karane meM asamartha yugaloM ko dina meM hI tAre dikhAI dene lage - ye rUTha rahe haiM kalpavRkSa bhI sAre bhUkhoM ko dina meM dIkha rahe haiM tAre / R.pR. 52 zreSTha janoM ke prati Adara sammAna vyakta karane ke lie 'zIza jhukAnA' muhAvarA pracalita hai| RSabha ke tapobala se prabhAvita surapati kI preraNA va AjJA se dhanapati kubera ne yugaloM kI AvAsIya samasyA sulajhAne hetu divya nagara kI racanA 3151

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kara AdarapUrvaka RSabha ke zrI caraNoM meM zIza jhukAkara prasannatA jAhira kI - sampanna kArya kara hRSTa-puSTa ho AyA, prabhuvara caraNoM meM sAdara zISa jhukaayaa| R.pR. 56 asahayoga athavA alaga hone ke artha meM 'hAtha khIMcanA' muhAvare kA prayoga hotA hai| yugaloM ko usa samaya atyadhika jhaTakA lagA jaba unakI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karane meM kalpavRkSoM ne sahasA apanA hAtha khIMca liyA' - ekAeka lagA jhaTakA jaba, kalpavRkSa ne khIMcA haath| R.pR. 61 asambhava athavA aprApti ke lie 'ambara puSpa' muhAvare kA prayoga bimbAtmaka hai| bhikSA lAbha ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha ke manobhAvoM ko yugaloM dvArA na samajha sakane ke kAraNa unheM bhikSA lAbha ambara puSpa kI hI bhA~ti pratIta hone lagA paryaTana janapada gharoM meM, bhikSu kA calatA rahA, kintu bhikSA lAbha ambara, puSpa bana phalatA rhaa| R.pR. 119 dAyitvapUrNa hone ke pazcAt vyakti mana se halkA ho jAtA hai| isa artha kA bimbAMkana 'sira kA bhAra utara jAnA' muhAvarA se kiyA gayA hai| ayodhyA ke zakaTAnana udyAna meM upasthita RSabhadeva kA darzana mA~ marUdevA ko karAkara bharata apane sira se ulAhanA kA vaha bhAra utAra denA cAhate haiM jise Ae dina marUdevA duharAyA karatI thIM - maMdara parvata se bhI jyAdA upAlambha kA hotA bhAra eka akalpita gUMja uThA svara, sira kA bhAra utara jaae| R.pR. 153 girijanoM kA zara varSA se hatAhat bharata kI senA itanI vyAkula va vicalita hai ki vaha raNa kSetra se 'mukha mor3ane ke lie vivaza hai| 'palAyana' karane ke artha meM isa muhAvare kA bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai| girijana kI zara-varSA se hata, senA ne mukha modd'aa| R.pR. 171 atyadhika priya pAtra ke lie 'nayanoM kA tArA' muhAvare kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| rAjanIti aura yuddha meM svArtha sAdhanA ko hI mahatva diyA jAtA hai| bAraha varSoM taka 316

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girijanoM se yuddha ke pazcAt bharata kI senA se saMdhi huii| saMdhi ke pazcAt ve girijana jo kala taka bharata ke zatru the Aja ve bharata ke nayanoM ke tAre bane hue haiM - Ananda-urmi utphulla vadana haiM sAre / kala ke ari isa kSaNa meM nayanoM ke taare| R.pR. 181 gauravAnti hone ke artha meM 'mastaka U~cA honA' muhAvarA prayukta huA hai| kiMtu yadi ahaM kI saMtuSTi ke lie bhAI-bhAI meM yuddha ho to kyA bhaviSya meM Ane vAlI pIr3hiyA~ apane pUrvajoM kI pArivArika yuddha gAthA para 'apanA mastaka U~cA' kara sakatI haiM ? bharata ke AkrAmaka AcaraNa se khinna zaraNa meM Ae aTThanabeM putroM ko saMbodhita karate hue RSabha kahate haiM - bhAI-bhAI meM saMgara kI, gAegA hara yuga gaathaa| soco kaise bhAvI pIr3hI, kA hogA U~cA mAthA ? R.pR. 201 udAsa bhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie 'mana khinna honA' muhAvare kA bimba nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| bharata ke sambandha meM bahalI rAjya ke nAgarikoM dvArA kaTuka pravAda sunakara dUta suvega kA 'mana khinnatA' se bhara jAtA hai - 'lobha bar3hatA lAbha se' yaha, sUtra zAzvata satya hai| bharata kA abhiyAna hogA phala-rahita yaha tathya hai| kaTuka loka pravAda sunakara, dUta kA mana khinna hai| R.pR. 229 'mukAbalA karane ke artha meM 'lohA lenA' muhAvare kA bimba prayukta kiyA gayA hai| cakra kI sAmarthya kA varNana karate hue senApati suSeNa-bharata se kahatA hai ki cakra se rakSita senA kI zakti kA sAmanA koI nahIM kara sktaa| yaha cakra to devarAja indra se bhI lohA lene meM samartha hai - cakrI senA kA tApa kauna saha sakatA ? yaha cakra zakra se bhI lohA le sakatA / R.pR. 247 'bhRkuTi kA tananA' tathA 'A~khoM meM khUna utaranA' muhAvarA paraka bimba | 317]

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krodhibhavyakti kA vAhaka hai / cakravartI kI senA ke samakSa apanI senA kA palAyana dekhakara bAhubalI kI 'bhRkuTi tana gaI' aura unakI 'A~khoM meM khUna utara AyA' (cakSu meM utarA arUNa varNa) huA palAyana pavana vega se, bahalIzvara ne dekhA sarva tanA bhRkuTi kA deza cakSu meM, utarA arUNa varNa kA parva / R. pR. 254 sImita dAyarA athavA sImita ciMtana ke lie 'kUpamaMDUka' muhAvare kA prayoga cAkSuSa bimba kA acchA udAharaNa hai| abhI taka yaha mAnyatA thI ki bAhubalI kI senA ko zaurya kA varadAna prApta hai kintu senApati suSeNa ke bhISaNa AkramaNa se jaba bAhubalI kI senA palAyana karane lagI taba use bAhubalI kI senA ke zaurya ke sambandha meM Ama dhAraNA 'kUpamaMDUka ke samAna' pratIta hone lagI bahalIzvara kI senA ko hI prApta parAkrama kA varadAna mAna rakhA thA vaha ciMtana to huA kUpa maMDUka samAna / R. pR. 255 'kAMToM kA tAja pahananA' muhAvarA svecchA se kaThinAiyoM ko svIkArane kA bimba nirmita karatA hai / dvandva yuddha meM bAhubalI ke muSTi prahAra kI mUrcchA se jAgRta bharata ko lakSya kara bAhubalI kahate haiM ki daNDa yuddha meM vijayI hI 'kAMTe kA tAja pahana' siMhAsanArUr3ha hogA / yahA~ 'kAMToM kA tAja' prazAsana saMbaMdhI kaThinAiyoM kA bhI vyaMjaka hai khela daMDa kA abhI zeSa hai, Ao kheleM donoM Aja vaha baiThegA siMhAsana para, pahanegA kAMToM kA tAja / R. pR. 282 'tAja pahananA' arthAt rAjA bananA, sarvocca pada ko prApta karanA / daNDa yuddha meM bharata ke parAjita hone ke pazcAt cAroM ora se yaha AvAja Ane lagI ki tAja pahanane kA suavasara bAhubalI ko hI milegA - magna bhUmi meM bharata kaMTha taka, saMbhrama vibhrama kI AvAja lupta ho rahA hai bharatezvara, bahalIzvara pahanegA tAja / R. pR. 283 ina muhAvaroM ke atirikta AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhAgyodaya honA 46, kRtArtha 318

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karanA 56, zirodhArya karanA 86, dhairya khonA 103, zIza jhukAnA 166, paira nahIM Tika pAnA 173, chaTA dikhAnA 175, pAkhaMDa racanA 176, kezariyA bAnA 181, solaha AnA 181, nabha ko sAdhanA 183, gAgara meM sAgara 184, patharAI A~kheM 186, iThalAnA 201, dharma saMkaTa 227, sira para hAtha honA 244, sAhasa baToranA 247, palAyana karanA 255, hAhAkAra karanA 279, sukha kI sAMsa lenA 287, kolAhala honA 287 Adi muhAvaroM kA bhI bimbAtmaka prayoga kiyA hai / lokoktiyoM ke AdhAra para bhI kavi ne bimba sRjana kiyA hai, jisakI saMkhyA muhAvaroM kI tulanA meM alpa hai, sattA athavA prabhutA ko prApta kara lene para aisA kauna vyakti hai jise ahaMkAra nahIM hotA ? isa artha kI bimbAtmaka abhivyakti ke lie gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne 'prabhutA pAi kAhi mada nAhI' lokokti kA prayoga kiyA hai, jisakI anuvartikA para AcArya mahAprajJa 'sattA ke mada se kauna nahIM TakarAyA' kathana niyojita karate haiN| nami vinami bhI rAjya prApti sambandhI adhikAra bhAvanA ko samajhakara vidyAdharadharaNa bharata ke ahaMkAra ko lakSita kara isa lokokti ko caritArtha karatA hai sAdharmikatA kA mUlya samajha meM AyA sattA ke mada se kauna nahIM TakarAyA ? R. pR. 123 mAtsya nyAya kA siddhAMta hai 'bar3I machalI choTI machalI ko nigala jAtI hai / ' vyAvahArika jIvana meM sabala dvArA nirbala para ekAdhikAra kI bhAvanA kA Arekhana isa lokokti dvArA kiyA jAtA hai / bharata ke vyavahAra se pIr3ita aTThAnave putroM ko saMbodha dete hue RSabha svArthamayI kutsA se paripUrNa zaktizAlI vyakti kI manaHsthiti kA udghATana karate hue bharata ko lakSita karate haiM jisameM bharata ko 'bar3A matsya' tathA anya nirbala narezoM ko 'choTI machalI' se bimbita kiyA gayA hai| 'bar3I machalI choTI machalI se pyAra nahIM karatI' use samUcA nigala jAtI hai durbala para balavAna zakti se, kara letA apanA adhikAra / bar3A matsya choTI machalI se, kaba karatA hai mana se pyAra ? R. pU. 201 'majhadhAra meM sambandhoM kI nAva honA' lokokti kA bimba sambandhoM ke 319

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astitva para khatarA ma~DarAne ke artha meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / bharata bAhubalI se yuddha nahIM karanA cAhate, ve cakra kI asmitA se bhAtRtva prema ko adhika mahatva dete haiM kintu maMtrI kI kumaMtraNA se bharata kI sAkArAtmaka soca nAkArAtmaka soca meM parivartita ho jAtI hai jisase bhrAtRtva sambandha kI nAva ma~jhadhAra meM pha~sI huI dikhAI dene lagatI hai -- RSabha - putroM meM kalaha ho, mAnya mujhako hai nahIM cakra rUThe, jhaTha jAe, bandhu to vahI hai nahIM X X X soca meM parivarta AyA, nara vicitra svabhAva hai / baMdhu ke saMbaMdha kI majhadhAra meM aba nAva hai| R. pR. 226 snehI svajanoM ke dvArA parivAra ke sadasyoM meM bhaya ke saMcAra ke lie 'apane ghara ko bhaya upajA apane ghara se' lokokti kA bimbAMkana kiyA gayA hai| bAhubalI se yuddha ke lie bharata kI tatparatA pArivArika stara para bhayAvaha va vinAzaka hI hai bahalIzvara ko saMvAda milA hai cara se, apane ghara ko bhaya upajA apane ghara se / R. pR. 224 R. pR. 249 samaya kI anukUlatA va pratikUlatA ke lie 'kabhI nAva gAr3I para aura kabhI gAr3I nAva para ( kabhI nAva meM zakaTa upasthita kabhI zakaTa meM hotI nAva ) lokokti bahuzruta hai / bharata - bAhubalI kI senA ke ghamAsAna yuddha meM yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina thA ki vijaya kisakI hogI ? kabhI bAhubalI kI senA bharata kI senA para bhArI par3atI to kabhI bharata kI senA bAhubalI kI senA para avasara kA apanA bala hotA, kabhI zakaTa meM hotI nAva kabhI nAva meM zakaTa upasthita, niyati-cakra ke anagina dA~va / R.pU. 260 kisI vyakti athavA vastu kA sahI mUlyAMkana na kara pAne ke saMdarbha meM 'mAna rakhA maiMne paya jisako, vaha to jala se pUrita takra' lokokti AsvAdya bimba paraka hai| 320

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__ pUrNa parAjaya ke pazcAt prANa ghAta kI dRSTi se bharata dvArA bAhubalI para prakSepita cakra jaba bAhubalI kI pradakSiNA kara unake dakSiNa kara meM virAjamAna ho jAtA hai taba cakra ke prati bharata kI zubha dhAraNA parivartita ho jAtI hai| ve jisa cakra ko dugdha ke samAna baladAyI samajhate the, vaha to jala se paripUrNa takra kI bhA~ti nissAra hI nikalA - yadi mai| cakrI anuja hAtha meM, kaise Azrita jaisA cakra ? mAna rakhA maine paya jisako, vaha to jala se pUrita tkr| R.pR. 286 ekAgra citta se kiyA gayA zrama phalIbhUta hotA hai| isa abhivyakti ke lie 'jina khojA tina pAiyA' lokokti pracalana meM hai, jisake lie kavi ne 'khojA usane pAyA' kA kathana kiyA hai| senApati suSeNa dvArA vinamratA pUrvaka daNDaratna ko grahaNa karane ke sandarbha meM isa lokokti kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo dRzya evaM sparya bimba paraka hai - senApati ne daMDa-ratna ko, kara praNipAta utthaayaa| vinaya vijaya kA prathama maMtra hai, khojA usane paayaa| R.pR. 168 kisI bhI vastu kI AvazyakatAnurUpa upayoga vidhi kI jAnakArI na hone para hAni hI hotI hai| isa kathya ke lie 'kaba dhUlipuMja meM bharatA jala se pyAlA' bimba kA niyojana kiyA gayA h| dAvAnala ke akasmAt utpanna hone para RSabha ne yugaloM ko usameM anna pakAkara tathA use cabA-cabAkara khAne kI bAta kahI kintu abhI taka yugaloM ko bhojana pakAne kI kriyA kA raMcamAtra bhI jJAna na hone ke kAraNa ve anna agni meM hI DAla die| jisase vaha jalakara rAkha ho gyaa| ajJAna ke kAraNa yagaloM ko manovAMchita dhyeya kI prApti nahIM ho skii| yaha lokokti yugaloM kI ajJAna dazA kA bimbAMkana karatI hai - lA anna davAnala kI jvAlA meM DAlA kaba dhUlipuMja meM bharatA jala se pyAlA saba anna ho gayA svAhA jhaTa phira aae| isake atirikta 'nija para zAsana phira anuzAsana' R.pR. 58 R.pR. 182 321]

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'calatI na kisI kI isa jaga meM manamAnI' 244, 'jaisA zAsaka janatA bhI vaisI hotI' 245, 'apanI svataMtratA lagatI sabako pyArI 180, Adi lokoktiyA~ bhI bimba vidhAyaka haiM / pratIka -00- upamAna jaba kisI upameya ke lie rUr3ha ho jAte haiM taba ve pratIka bana jAte haiN| AcArya bhagIratha mizra ke anusAra 'pratIka bhI alaMkAra kA hI eka svarUpa hai, jo varNana meM prastuta vidhAna ke tirobhAva aura aprastuta vidhAna ke viziSTa aura suSThu ubhAra, nikhAra aura camatkAra ke dvArA saMpAdita hotA hai / 3 pratIka meM aprastuta kA vizeSa mahatva hotA hai / yaha aprastuta apane guNa, dharma evaM vizeSatA ke kAraNa itanA pAradarzI hotA hai ki jisa saMdarbha meM isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usakA khulAsA vaha usI rUpa meM kara detA hai| vANI evaM zabda kI prabhAvotpAdakatA isakI mUrtana zakti se aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAtI hai| 'pratIka' kI bhASA jaTila hotI hai / isalie isakA saTIka prayoga sadhA sadhAyA kavi hI kara pAtA hai| pratIkoM kA prayoga prAyaH kaviyoM dvArA yA to pAramparika rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai athavA navIna rUpa meM / AcArya mahAprajJa ne donoM prakAra ke pratIkoM kA upayoga kiyA hai / kavi ne pAramparika rUpa meM prayukta chuI-muI, pazu, sUrya, ratna, indradhanuSa Adi pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jo kathya ke prati saTIka pratIkAtmaka bimboM kA sRjana karate haiM / zizu kI akAla mRtyu se yugaloM kI manaHsthiti chuI-muI jaisI ho jAtI hai / 'chuI-muI' ke pratIkAtmaka bimba se mRtyu ke prati yugaloM kI bhayAkrAnta manaH sthiti ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai - kAla mRtyu se paricita thA yuga, asamaya mRtyu kabhI na huI / prazna rahA hogA asamAhita banI manaH sthiti chuI-muI / R. pR. 41 'ajJAna' athavA aviveka ke rUpa meM kavi ne 'pazu' kA bimba nirUpita 322

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kiyA hai - zikSA dIkSA zUnya manuja pazu, zikSA hai dharatI kA svrg| tejasvI purUSoM ke lie 'sUrya' evaM 'ratna' paraka pratIkoM kA bimbAnkana hotA rahA hai| kavi ne 'sUrya' aura 'baiDUrya' pratIka se tejasvI RSabha deva ko bimbita kiyA hai| bahalI deza ke ramaNIka udyAna se RSabha ke prasthAna kara jAne para udyAnapAla bAhubalI se kahatA hai - deva ! na dekheMge do sUrya, nahIM sulabha aba vaha vaiDUrya / eka sUrya kA nabha meM yAna, apara sUrya kA taba prsthaan| R.pR. 138 kSaNabhaMgura jIvana ke lie 'indradhanuSa' kA pratIkAtmaka bimba prayukta kiyA gayA hai - udita huA vara kevala jJAna ho sakatA sarvajJa manuSya, zeSa jIva haiM indra dhunss| R.pR. 145 kaivalyajJAna amRta kalaza ke samAna hai jisakI prApti se sAdhaka hai sarvajJa bhI ho sakatA hai, zeSa jIvoM meM yaha sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| isIlie aise prANiyoM ke lie 'indradhanuSa' kA bimba diyA gayA hai| hiMsA athavA azAMti tathA prema aura zAMtimaya vAtAvaraNa ke lie kramazaH 'garala' aura 'sudhA' kA pratIkAtmaka bimba bhI dRSTavya hai - kara detA nirvIrya garala ko, eka sudhA kA pyaalaa| R.pR. 165 yuddha ke pariprekSya meM 'nirbala' aura 'sabala' ke pratIka ke rUpa meM 'mRga' aura 'cItA' kA bimba prayoga meM lAyA gayA hai| senApati ke khaDga ratna ke prahAra se girijanoM kI senA vaise hI palAyana kara jAtI hai jaise mRga ne cItA dekha liyA ho senAnI ne khaDga ratna le, kSaNa meM sabako jItA kiyA palAyana jaise maga ne, dekha liyA ho ciitaa| R.pR. 171 'sadaprema' tathA nirAzA bhAva ke lie kramazaH 'zatadala' evama 'tamasa' pratIka [323]

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kA prayoga kara kavi ne bharata kI pratIkSA meM palaka pA~var3eM bichAyI janatA kI prasannatA kA citraNa kiyA hai - mana saravara meM jaba zatadala khila jAtA hai, taba saghana tamasa kA Asana hila jAtA hai| R.pR. 186 'bindu' aura 'rekhA' pratIka se kramazaH nirbala aura sabala kI sAmarthya zakti kA bimbAMkana kiyA gayA hai, jisameM 'bindu' ke rUpa meM nirbala narezoM tathA 'rekhA' ke rUpa meM bAhubalI kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| bharata aura bAhubalI kI zakti sAmarthya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara maMtrI bharata se kahatA hai ki - bAhubalI ko jItane kA, svapna kyoM dekhA nahIM ? zeSa saba nRpa biMdu kevala, eka hai rekhA yhii| R.pR. 225 'kUpa' pratIka kA prayoga eka nizcita sImA athavA sImita pariveza ko vyakta karatA hai| isa pratIka kA bimba bharata ke dUta ke dvArA bAhubalI ke lie vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai - siMdhu kA vistAra apanA, kUpa Akhira kUpa hai| R.pR. 239 'gaja' aura 'mRgapati' ke pratIkAtmaka bimba se kramazaH bharata aura bAhubalI ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| bharata AtmaciMtana karate haiM ki hAthI sthUlakAya zaktizAlI hote hue bhI mRgapati se sadaiva bhayabhIta rahatA hai hai sthUlakAya gaja kintu bhIta mRgapati se, bhAI ke bala ko tolA hai mati-gati se| R.pR. 246 'cIMTI' aura 'gaja' kA pratIkAtmaka bimba kramazaH azakta (bharata kI senA) aura sazakta (bAhubalI) ke lie kiyA gayA hai| apanI senA ko bharata kI senA ke samakSa palAyana karatA huA dekha bAhubalI jaba yuddha ke lie taptara hote haiM, taba unakA putra siMharatha unheM yaha kahakara roka detA hai ki cIMTI ke samAna nirbala senA para gaja ke samAna ApakA abhiyAna ucita nahIM hai - praNata siMhastha bolA, yaha to, cIMTI para gaja kA abhiyaan| R.pU. 254 [324]

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bharata putra zArdUla ke zaurya ko 'bAja' pakSI tathA 'sugati' ko sAmAnya pakSI ke pratIka se bimbita kiyA gayA hai, jisa prakAra bAja kisI bhI pakSI ko jhapaTakara apanA AhAra banA letA hai vaise hI zArdUla ne sugati kA ziroccheda kara usakA prANAnta kara diyA - jhapaTA jaise bAja vihaga para, kiyA sugati ke sira kA ched| pR. 265 'gaja' pratIkAtmaka bimba meM 'ahaM bhAva ko lakSita kiyA gayA hai| AtmasAkSAtkAra meM sabase bar3A bAdhaka ahaMkAra hI hotA hai| brAhmI aura sundarI ekAnta sAdhanA meM lIna bAhubalI ko ahaMkAra se mukta hone ke lie 'gaja' se utarane kI bAta kahatI hai - baMdho ! utaro, gaja se utaro, utaro aba, bhUmI kI miTTI kA anubhava hogA taba, gaja-ArohI prabhu-sammukha pahu~ca na pAtA, AdIzvara Izvara samatala kA udgaataa| R.pR. 294 bAhubalI kI senA ke samakSa chaTapaTAtI, vyAkula bharata kI senA ke lie 'jala' se nirvAsita 'mIna' kA bimba sajita kiyA gayA hai| apanI senA ko azakta pAkara senApati bharata se kahatA bhI hai - bahalIzvara kI senA apane, balazAlI subhaTo se pIna / aura hamArI senA prabhuvara! hai jala se nirvAsita miin| R.pR. 262 AdhyAtmika kSetra meM 'muktA' 'mAnasa saravara' aura 'haMsa' pratIka se kramazaH 'mukti', hRdaya aura jIvAtmA kA bimba nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| 'bharata' para prANaghAtaka AkramaNa ke lie udyata bAhubalI ko rokate hue suragaNa unheM unakI vaMza paramparA kA smaraNa dilAte hai - amRta tatva meM pale puse ho, phira kaise mAraka Aveza ? zAMta-zAMta upazAMta bano he ! RSabha-dhvaja ke vaMzavataMsa ! 3251

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muktA kA AkAMkSI hogA mAnasa saravara kA vara haMsa / R. pR. 288 ukta pratIkArtho ke atirikta yahA~ 'amRta tatva kA pratIkArtha prematatva mAnasarovara kA RSabha vaMza evaM 'haMsa' kA pratIkArtha bAhubali se bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| yuddha ke sandarbha meM senA aura bharata ke lie kramazaH 'bAdala' aura 'haMsa' pratIka kA navIna prayoga bhI kavi ne kiyA hai / yuddha sthala para senAoM ke madhya bharata vaise hI upasthita hote haiM jaise AkAza meM bAdaloM kI paMktiyoM ko cIrakara sUrya (haMsa) upasthita hotA hai detA hai / cIra bAdaloM kI avalI ko, aMtarikSa meM camakA haMsa dUrI kA avarodha miTAkara AyA agraja nRpa avataMsa | R. pR. 275 isa prakAra RSabhAyaNa meM pratIkAtmaka bimboM kA saphala prayoga dikhAI --00- 7. mAnavIkaraNa acetana jar3a prakRti va padArthoM kI cetana ke anurUpa kalpanA karanA, mAnavIkaraNa hai| isameM mAnava athavA cetana prANI ke kriyA vyApAroM kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| phUloM ke ha~sane meM tathA parvata ke dekhane meM mAnava kI kriyAoM kA dRzya bimbita hotA hai / mAnavIkaraNa kI samasta prabhAvotpAdakatA bimba niyojana ke kAraNa hI hotI hai| siddhAntaH bhale hI chAyAvAdI yuga meM mAnavIkaraNa vidhA kA prArambha huA, vyavahArataH prAcIna kAla se hI kavigaNa prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa karate Ae haiM / mAnavIkaraNa kA citraNa pramukhataH kaviyoM ne tIna rUpoM meM kiyA hai| prathamataH kaviyoM kisI acetana yA nirjIva padArtha ko cetana prANI athavA vyakti ke samAna prakaTa kiyA hai| yaha eka prakAra kA mAnava rUpaka hai, jisameM acetana ko mAnavocita guNoM se yukta karake sacetana jaisA kahA jAtA hai| dvitIyataH, prAkRtika vastuoM ko cetanA 326

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yukta prANI ke rUpa meM varNana karake manuSyocita bhAvoM se yukta yA mAnasika kriyAoM ko karane meM samartha batalAyA jAtA hai| prakRti meM cetanA kA astitva samajhakara usake varNana meM mAnava-vyApAroM evaM bhAvoM kA samAveza hotA hai / mAnavIkaraNa kI tRtIya koTi meM acetana, mAnasika dazAoM Adi ko mAnava kA vyaktitva pradAna kiyA tA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne prakRti ko sacetana rUpa meM svIkAra kara mAnavIkaraNa paraka bimba sRjita kie haiM, jisameM unheM pUrNataH saphalatA milI hai I RSabhASaNa meM varNita jIvana kA AdhAra prakRti hai / mAnavIya saMvedanA prAkRtika saMvedanA se jur3I hai, isalie prakRti bhI apane upAdAnoM se apane harSa viSAda ko vyakta karatI hai| navodita zizu ke janma para maMgalagIta gAye jAte haiM, cAroM ora prasannatA hI prasannatA hotI hai / RSabha janma ke pazcAt bhI saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa prasanna hai| samUcI prakRti nihAla ho khuziyA~ manA rahI hai| yadi pavana saMgIta gA rahA hai to komala patte zahanAI vAdana kara rahe haiM, vahIM puSpa apanI paMkhur3I vikAsa se aMgar3AI lekara Anandita ho rahe haiM / prakRti ke upAdAna pavana, pallava aura puSpoM ke kriyAkalApa, mAnavI kriyAkalApa ke anurUpa saMpAdita ho rahe haiM / prakRti ke isa prasannamaya Ayojana se kavi saMtAnotpatti ke pazcAt samAja meM pracalita paraMparA ko bhI bimbita kiyA hai - surabhi - pavana saMgIta gA rahA, pallava - rava kI zahanAI / kiMzuka kuMkuma rUpa ho gayA, puSpoM ne lI a~gar3AI / RSabha saha sumaMgalA evaM sunaMdA ke pANigrahaNa saMskAra ke kalpavRkSa ke komala pallavoM ko kavi ne gAyaka ke rUpa meM bhI citrita zrI nAbhi RSabha parikara - parivRta ho Ae, suratarU pallava ne maMgala gIta sunAe / R. pR. 50 cakraratna kI pUjA-arcanA kara jaba bharata apane prAsAda meM Ae taba cAraNa ke rUpa meM sUrya kI kiraNoM ne bhI unakA vijayagAna kiyA - arcA kara saMpanna nRpativara, nija Alaya meM AyA / sUraja kI ujjavala kiraNoM ne, gIta vijaya kA gAyA / R. pR. 35 avasara para kiyA hai 327 R. pR. 163

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kavi ne prakRti ko gAyaka, vAdaka ke sAtha hI sAtha lekhaka ke rUpa meM bhI bimbita kiyA haiN| ayodhyA ke zakaTa mukha udyAna meM caityavRkSa kI chAyA meM virAjamAna RSabha ko dekhakara samUcI prakRti ramaNIya ho jAtI hai, saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa zAMta ho jAtA hai| cAroM ora eka navIna dRzya kI AmA dikhAI dene lagatI hai| ina viziSTatAoM se prabhAvita aisA lagatA hai jaise prakRti svameva navIna kintu viziSTa racanA kA Alekhana kara rahI ho - caitya vRkSa taTa tarU kamanIya, zAkhA pallava ati ramaNIya / R.pR. 140 chAyA meM prabhu ko sthita dekha, likhA prakRti ne nava abhilekh| R.pR. 140 bharata bAhubalI kI senA ke prabalatama yuddha ko bahuta samaya taka sUrya bhI nahIM dekha sakA, vaha astAcala para jAkara niyati kA pratinidhitva karate hae pArivArika vinAza lIlA kA Alekhana karane lagA - donoM meM saMgharSa prabalatama, nahIM sakA dinamaNI bhI dekh| R.pR. 258 astAcala ke aMcala para jA, likhA niyati kA nava aalekh| R.pa. 258 AkAza ke mAnavIkaraNa ke saMdarbha meM bhI isa bimba kI niyojana kiyA gayA hai| jIvana kI anityatA tathA Atmazakti kI nityatA kA jJAna hone para rAga-dveSa se mukta bharata Anandita mana se pitA ke zrI caraNoM meM upasthita ho apane bhAiyoM se mile| bhrAtR milana ke isa adbhuta dRzya kA sAkSI AkAza jaise bhrAtR milana ke isa pAvana kSaNa ko mauna rUpa se lipibaddha kara liyA ho - AdIzvara ke caraNa-kamala kI, sevA meM pahu~ca sAnaMda, bhrAtR-milana ke ve kSaNa adbhuta, likhA gagana ne lekha amNd| R.pR. 297 kavi ne paga-paga para prakRti ko cetanamayI batAkara mAnavIya cetanA ke asara kAraka bimba nirmita kie haiN| bAlaka RSabha kI mRdu-muskAna dekhakara pUrNa vikasita phUloM meM bhI pratispardhA kA bhAva janma lene lagatA hai - mRdu muskAna nihAra sumana meM, pratispardhA kA bhAva jagA / R.pR. 37 'nirjhara' ke dvArA pragati mArga para saMgharSa karate hue Age bar3hane kI mAnavIya 1328]

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kriyA kA bimba bhI kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai giri zikhara se nikala nirjhara, tvarita gati se cala rahA, patha rUkA caTTAna se saMgharSa cira calatA rahA / R. pR. 96 kavi ne 'nirjhara' ko mukhara darzAkara jIvana ke prati saccA saMdeza dene vAle upadezaka ke rUpa meM bhI vyakta kiyA hai jaise nirjhara saMdeza de rahA ho ki yaha zarIra 'nazvara' hai aura AtmA anazvara - deha janamatA, maratA hai vaha, amRta ajanmA sadA videha suno suno tuma kAna ! sajaga ho, nirjhara kA nUtana sNdesh| R. pR. 157 'kathA vAcaka ke rUpa meM bhI nirjhara kA mAnavIkaraNa paraka bimba prastuta kiyA gayA hai / nirantara pravahamAna nirjhara apanI gati se mAnava samAja ke samakSa pragati kI kahAnI kahatA huA pratIta ho rahA hai - satata pravAhita nirjhara kA jala, pragati kahAnI kahatA / R. pR. 169 pRthvI, aMtarikSa, AkAza kA bhI mAnavIkaraNa paraka bimba kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai / siMhanAda yuddha meM bAhubalI ke ucca svara meM bharata kA svara tirohita ho jAne para aMtarikSa ne jahA~ bAhubalI ke vijaya kI ghoSaNA kI, vahIM dharatI aura AsamAna bhI stabdha raha gae / yahA~ dharatI, aMtarikSa aura AkAza ko mAnava ke pUrNa vyaktitva ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai aMtarikSa ne kahA bAhubalI, vijayI, jaya laghutA ko labdha bharata zreSTha para bala-zreSTha laghu, dharaNi aMbara saba hI stabdha / R. pR. 278 'viTapi' aura 'pavana ko pUrNa mAnava ke rUpa meM citrita kara kavi ne rati viSayaka viyoga bhAva kI bhI abhivyaMjanA kI hai - maMda-maMda samIraNa surabhita, kara-kara viTapi-sparza Age bar3hatA lagatA tarU ko, iSTa viyoga prakarSa kaNa-kaNa dRSTa sAkAra, zAkhA zAkhA kampa vikAra / R.pR. 79 kavi ne sazaMkita mAnava ke rUpa meM sUrya kI kiraNoM tathA AtaMkI ke rUpa 329

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meM tama kA AkarSaka citraNa kiyA hai| latAoM ke gahana pariveza meM vyApta tama ke AtaMka se bhayabhIta sUrya kI kiraNeM jhuramuTa aura nikuMja se sazaMkita dRSTi se usa ora dekhatI haiM (gahana latAoM kI or)| yahA~ zaMkAlu mAnava kI manaH sthiti kA AropaNa 'sUraja' kI kiraNoM meM kiyA gayA hai - . latA maMDapoM ke prAMgaNa meM, tama kI ati AtaMka jhuramuTa aura nikuMja kuMja se, sUraja kiraNa sazaMka | R.pR. 80 zArIrika aMgoM ko bhI mukharita darzAkara mAnavIkaraNa paraka bimba prastuta kiye gaye hai| RSabha ke hastinApura padArpaNa karane para parivAra ke sadasyagaNa unheM bhAva vihvala hokara sthira dRSTi se dekha rahe haiN| usa samaya parivAra ke sadasyoM ke dvArA apalaka dRSTi se RSabha kI ora dekhane se aisA laga rahA thA jaise palakoM ne unheM animeSa rUpa se nihArane kA dIkSA vrata le ho - nayana susthira palaka ne, animeSa dIkSA vrata liyA muktidAtA kI zaraNa meM, kyoM nimIlana kI kriyA ? R.pR. 129 palakoM ke pAta ke saMdarbha meM bhI AkarSaka bimba kI yojanA huI hai| dRSTi yuddha ke samaya bAhubalI kI ora apalaka dRSTi se nihArate hue bharata kI palakeM yaha socakara nIce kI ora jhuka jAtI haiM ki apalaka dRSTi se dekhane ke kAraNa svAmI ko kaSTa ho rahA hogA - kaSTa ho rahA hai svAmI ko, soca kiyA palakoM ne paat| bahalIzvara ke sammukha jaise, huA vinaya Anata prnnipaat| R.pR. 277 mAnasika bhAvoM jaise rAga, ahaM, mati, krodha, lobha, dhairya, moha, Ananda ko bhI sacetana ke rUpa meM bimbita kiyA gayA hai - kiyA ahaM ne ghora virodha, aura kiyA mati se anurodh| kyoM jAgRta karatI ho Aja, supta siMha ko he adhirAja! jAga gayA yadi paramAnanda, ho jAogI tuma nispaMda 3301

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mitra! na mere vaza kI bAta, jAgRta hai prajJA avdaat| krodha! baMdhuvara! suna lo mAna! khojo apanA-apanA sthaan| zAMta dhIra taba 'karaNa apUrva', bolA baMdhu! na maiM thA pUrva / nirmala zreNI merA sthAna, tarka nahIM badalo sNsthaan| krodha mauna ho gayA arUpa, ahaMkAra ne badalA ruup| mAyA kA astitva vilIna, phira bhI lobha rahA aasiin| R.pU. 142-143 prakRti va mAnava ke sAhacarya bhAva kI abhivyakti nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai - jItA mAnava tarU ke sAtha, tarU ne bhI phailAyA haath| R.pR. 141 isake atirikta nimnalikhita uddharaNoM meM bhI mAnavIkaraNa paraka bimba kI chaTA dikhAI detI hai - 1. vaha calA gayA ravi jo prabhAta meM aayaa| R.pR. 187 2. locana-kuvalaya vihaMsa rahe R.pR. 39 3. itane meM usa mahAkAla ne, apanA paMjA phailAyA, R.pR. 42 R.pR. 77 ___rAga jhAMkatA pUrNa yuvA bana, mIlitanayana virAga 5. cakraratna kI divya vibhA taba, damakI bana nava baalaa| R.pR. 163 6. digvadhU ke mukha kamala para, nayana hara muskAna hai| R.pR. 218 isa prakAra AcArya mahAprajJa mAnavIkaraNa paraka bimboM kI sthApanA meM pUrNataH saphala hue haiN| --00-- 1331

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paurANika prasaMga : mahApurUSa caritra viSayaka bimba jaina paraMparA ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva eka vaidika paurANika purUSa haiN| ve kSAtradharma ke pravartaka aura kSatriya jAti meM zreSThatam ikSvAku vaMza ke prathama va sarvazreSTha samrATa the| (RSabhaM pArthiva zreSThaM sarva kSatrasya pUjitam / brahmANDa purANa 2.14, liMga purANa 47.2) zrImadbhAgavat meM isa bAta kA ullekha milatA hai ki ve AdhyAtmika vidyA ke upadezaka the| Adi purANa meM unheM brahma svarUpa tathA zivapurANa meM ziva kA Adi tIrthakara ke rUpa meM avatAra lene kA varNana hai| bhAgavat purANa meM RSabhadeva ke atirikta nAbhirAja, marUdevA, bharata, bAhubalI kA varNana bhI milatA hai| isa prakAra AcArya mahAprajJa ne purANa prasiddha mahanIya pAtroM kA cayana kara jIvana ke laukika evaM alaukika pakSoM ko udghATita kiyA hai| bimba kI dRSTi se kavi ne aneka paurANika kathAoM kA samAyojana kiyA hai| purANoM meM varNita kalpatarU sabhI kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie prayukta hote rahe haiN| saMjIvanI zakti se paripUrNa kalpavRkSoM ko yugaloM kI bhojana, vastra, makAna evaM anya AvazyakatAoM kI sahaja pUrti ke kAraka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai - 'citra' se milatA hai AhAra, yahI hai jIvana kA AdhAra vastra kA kAraka vRkSa 'anagna', deha meM valkala hai prilgn| 'ga' ke patra pAtra upayukta, vAsa hita 'gehAkAra' prayukta / uSNatA dete 'jyotiSa-aMga', alaMkaraNoM kI kRti 'maNi-aMga' jyoti vikiraNa karate 'dIpAMga', vAdya kalarava karate 'truTitAMga' mAlyamaya puSpastravaNa 'citrAMga', strota madhurasa kA pravara 'madAMga' R.pR. 9 paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra sampUrNa mAnava jAti manu kI saMtAna hai, jisakA prayoga yugaloM ke saMdarbha meM bhI kiyA gayA hai - bandhudvaya ne, bhaginI dvaya ne, vidyA kA vistAra kiyA karmabhUmi ke manuputroM ko, jIvana kA AdhAra diyaa| R.pR. 68 devarAja iMdra kA varNana purANoM meM milatA hai| purANoM meM isa bAta ke bhI pramANa milate haiM ki devavAsiyoM kA sambandha pRthvI se rahA hai| brahma svarUpa RSabha ke |3321

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samakSa saudharma loka ke adhipati devarAja iMdra kI upasthiti AdikAla meM pRthvIloka aura devaloka ke manomaya sambandhoM kA bimba prastuta karatI hai| RSabha kI rAjya vyavasthA saMbaMdhI cintA ke nivAraNArtha iMdra kahate haiM saudharma loka kA adhipati maiM hUM svAmI ! zrI caraNoM meM Agata sevA kA kAmI - mAnava kI bhUmI se sambandha purAnA rahatA hai punarapi punarapi AnA-jAnA / R. pR. 55 yuddha meM siMharatha ke siMhanAda se palAyana karatI huyI bharata kI senA ko aisA laga rahA thA jaise vIra veza meM svayaM bAhubalI athavA devarAja iMdra upasthita ho gae hoM siMhanAda se huA prakaMpita, bharatezvara kA senA - cakra kiyA palAyana yoddhAgaNa ne kauna ? bAhubali athavA zakra ? R. pR. 255 1 dIkSA ke samaya zata - sahastroM loka kI upasthiti RSabha ke brahma! svarUpa kA udghATana karatI hai vizva kA kalyANa karane, RSabha kA avataraNa hai| zata- sahastroM loka prabhu ke sAmane A rUka ge| baddha aMjali bhAva prAMjala, zIza sabake jhuka ge| mauna vANI, AMkhoM ne hI, kathya avikala kaha diyA / sneha se abhiSikta bAtI, jala uThA, 'anahada' diyaa| R. pR. 94 RSabha ke brahma svarUpa kI abhivyakti vidhAtA, dhAtA oMkAra Adi vizeSaNoM se kara unakI sarvoccatA vyakta kI gayI hai - tuma vidhAtA aura dhAtA, sRSTi ke oMkAra ho, aura sAmajika vyavasthA ke tumhIM AdhAra ho / 333 R. pR. 98 AhAra ke lie cakramaNa kara rahe RSabha ke caraNa sparza mAtra se hI kaNa-kaNa meM saMcarita ullAsa ko svarga kI AnandAnubhUti se vyakta kiyA gayA hai

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svarga kI anubhUti dharatI, amita pala pala pA rahI gAMva kI janatA praphullita, bhaktigAthA gA rhii| R.pR. 117 dRr3ha saMkalpa ke lie purANa meM vikhyAta 'dhuvatArA' kA bimba bhI kavi ne nirUpita kiyA hai| sAmrAjya prApti ke haka se vaMcita RSabha ke prati nami vinami ke Azcarya bhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie kavi ne isa bimba kA upayoga kiyA hai - Akroza, kalpanA, zraddhA sabhI sameTe, prabhu sammukha Ae donoM pAlita beTe do saMvibhAga o ! kaise hameM visArA ? kaise badalA yaha AkAzI dhuvatArA ? R.pR. 122 RSabha kI samAdhistha avasthA meM bhagavAna ziva kA bhI bimba darzita hai| nami-vinami RSabha se prArthanA karate hue kahate haiM - aba mauna khola sasneha maheza ! nihAro adhikAra sabhI ko priya jananAtha! vicAro / R.pR. 122 mRtyu ke pazcAt jIva dvArA vaitaraNI nadI pAra karane kI mAnyatA ko bhI bimba kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai jise yuddha ke pariprekSya meM anilavega ko saMbodhita . bharata sainya ke senApati ke kathana meM dekhA jA sakatA hai - mauna karo aba anilavega ! tuma bahuta anargala kiyA pralApa chalanA kI vaitaraNI meM re ! kaise dhula pAegA pApa ? R.pR. 257 samudramaMthana ke pazcAt amRtapAna ke aparAdha meM viSNu ke cakra se dhar3a se virahita rAhu ke mastaka kA bimba bhI kavi ne nirUpita kiyA hai| raNakSetra meM bAhubali ke daNDa prahAra se bhUmi meM kaMTha taka nimagna bharata kA mastaka usa samaya aisA dikhAI de rahA thA, jaise rAhu kA kaTA huA sira ho - 'zIza rAhu kA' sUtra tarka kA, dekhA senA ne pratyakSa kevala zAkhA, tanA nahIM hai, dhar3a se virahita sira kA kkss| R.pU. 283 [334]

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paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra mRtyu ke pazcAt jIva kA karmAnusAra punarjanma hotA hai| punarjanma kI isa kriyA kA dRzyAMkana sAgara meM niraMtara 'uThatI' aura 'miTatI' huI taraMga se kiyA gayA hai - lahara siMdhu meM uThatI-miTatI, phira uThatI phira miTa jAtI janma-mRtyu kI yahI kahAnI, jalatI-bujhatI hai baatii| R.pR. 42 akSaya tRtIyA ke parva ko paurANika prasiddhi isalie milI ki usa dina RSabhadeva ne niravadya AhAra ke rUpa meM ikSurasa ko grahaNa kara apane saMpUrNa antarAyoM kA zamana kiyA thaa| unakA citta vaise hI nirmala ho gayA thA jaise jalada ke prabhAva se pRthvI kI malinatA dhula jAtI hai - pAraNA dina parva para, akSaya tRtIyA ho gayA sAdhanA ke vighnamala ko, jalada jaise dho gyaa| R.pR. 132 isa prakAra paurANika saMdarbho se jur3I mAnyatAoM tathA mahAna purUSoM ke Aloka meM bhAva ko aura bhI sabala banAne ke lie isa koTi ke bimboM kA sRjana kiyA gayA hai| --00-- |3351

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sandarbha-sUcI RSabhAyaNa, pR.-9 upamA kAlidAsasya, pR. 19-20 kalA sAhitya aura samIkSA - Adhunika hindI kavitA meM navIna pratIka pR. 183-184 --00-- 3361

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adhyAya-saptam upasaMhAra kAvya aura bimba kA ghaniSTa sambandha hotA hai| kavi kI anubhUtiyA~ kalpanA ke mAdhyama se bahudhA bimba ke rUpa meM hI vyakta hotI hai| isa taraha kavi kI bhAvanAe~ aura usake vicAroM ke sampreSaNa meM bimba kI pramukha bhUmikA hotI hai| anubhUti, bhAvanA, vAsanA aura aindriyatA bimba ke pramukha tatva haiN| kalpanA usakA kriyamANa tatva hai| kavi kI kalpanA hI bimba ko gar3hatI hai| bimba sRSTi meM upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM kA bhI sahayoga rahatA haiM, kintu alaMkAra bimba kA anivArya upAdAna nahIM hai| bimba alaMkAra kA mukhApekSI nahIM rhtaa| alaMkAra ke binA bhI bimba nirmita hote haiN| eka sIdhA-sAdA analaMkRta kathana bhI aindriyatA aura gahana saMvega se saMpRkta hokara prabhAvazAlI bimba kA svarUpa prApta kara sakatA hai| pratIka aura bimba kA bhI bar3A nikaTa kA sambandha hotA hai| pratIka yadyapi bimba se hI upajate haiM, phira bhI donoM meM paryApta svarUpagata antara hotA hai| pratIka aura bimba paraspara milakara pratIkAtmaka bimba kI sRSTi karate haiN| pratIkAtmaka bimba apanI endriyatA ke bAvajUda kisI amUrta bhAva sattA kA bhI pratinidhitva karate haiN| isa taraha pratIkAtmaka bimboM meM zilpa, saMvedanA aura bhAvanA kA gahana antaryoga samAhita rahatA hai| bimba kAvya kA aisA upakaraNa hai jisake mAdhyama se kavi ke anubhava kI vizAlatA, anubhUti kI gahanatA, kalpanA kI virATatA, bhAvoM kI gambhIratA, vicAroM kI yathArthatA ora usake kAvya viveka ko bar3I AsAnI se samajhA jA sakatA hai| kavi meM kitanI paryavekSaNa zakti hai, isakI jAnakArI bhI hameM usake kAvya bimboM se hotI hai| pAzcAtya samIkSA zAstra meM bimba ko kAvya kA anivArya tatva evaM usakI saMjIvanI zakti mAnA gayA hai| kintu bhAratIya kAvya zAstra meM rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| rasa kA sambandha bhAva se hai aura bhAva kA [337]

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saMbaMdha bimba se| vastutaH rasa va bhAva ko mUrta rUpa meM upasthita karanA hI kAvya kA mukhya uddezya hai, aura yaha kArya bimba vidhAna dvArA hI sambhava hai| isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki rasa aura bimba eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| RSamAyaNa eka AdhyAtmika mahAkAvya hai, jisameM laukika jagat se alaukika jagat meM praveza kI kathA varNita hai| laukika jagat kA rUpa sthUla hai to alaukika jagat kA rUpa suukssm| sthUla bhAvoM ke lie bimboM kA niSpAdana jahA~ sahaja hotA hai, vahIM sUkSma bhAvoM ke lie apekSAkRta ktthin| kavi ne donoM hI sthitiyoM meM bhAvAnurUpa bimboM kA niyojana kiyA hai| RSamAyaNa meM kathA kA vikAsa prakRti ke sahaja unmeSa se hotA hai, isalie kavi ne adhikAMzataH bimba prakRti se hI nirmita kiye haiN| prakRti meM jalIya, dharAtalIya, AkAzIya, pavanIya, Agneya, Rtusamaya aura mAnavetara prANiyoM se sambaddha bimba pracura mAtrA meM milate haiN| prakRti para AdhArita bimboM meM paramparAnusaraNa kI pravRtti adhika dikhAI detI hai| kahIM-kahIM navInatA aura svataMtra nirIkSaNa kA sauMdarya bhI pratiSThita hai| loka jIvana aura mAnava jIvana ke vibhinna pahaluoM se saMbaMdhita bimba bhI kavi ne nirUpita kiye haiN| bimba bodha kA pramukha AdhAra hai aindriytaa| kavi kI jitanI bhI saMvedanAtmaka avasthAe~ hotI hai, ve iMdriyoM ke dvArA hI vyakta hotI haiN| dRzya, zrota, ghrANa, AsvAdya evaM sparzya indriyoM kA pradhAna guNa-dharma hai| apanI-apanI sImA meM ye indriyA~ bhAva kA sammartana karatI haiN| rUkSatA, kaThoratA athavA komalatA ke AdhAra para jahA~ sparyajanya bimboM kA udghATana hotA hai, vahIM AnuprAsika, anukaraNAtmaka tathA anuraNanAtmaka evaM dhvani pratIkoM para AdhArita zravya bimboM kA nirmANa hotA hai| AsvAdya bimba rasanendriya para AdhArita hote haiM to ghrANa bimba gaMdha pr| dRzya bimboM kA saMsAra vipula hai| eka prakAra se sabhI aindriya bimboM kA samAhAra dRzya bimboM meM ho jAtA hai| kyoMki dRzya bimboM ke aMtargata rUpa, raMga, AkRti gati Adi ke AdhAra para bimboM kA dRzyAMkana kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne prAyaH sabhI aindriya bimboM kI sthApanA kI haiM, kiMtu vistAra kI dRSTi se cAkSusa bimba ko adhika sambala milA hai| vaise bhI kAvyoM meM gaMdha bimboM kI pratiSThA anya bimboM se [338]

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kama hI huI hai| RSabhAyaNa meM bhI kavi dvArA puSpoM kI gaMdhoM kA hI adhikatara bimbAMkana kiyA gayA hai, yahA~ itara gaMdhoM kA abhAva sA dikhAI detA haiN| kintu yaha abhAva kahIM bhI khaTakatA nahIM, apitu bhAva sauMdarya kA vAhaka hI banatA hai| aindrika bimboM ke aMtargata ekala, saMzliSTa, gatika aura sthira bimboM kA vaividhyapUrNa bimbAkaMna bhI kavi ne saphalatApUrvaka kiyA hai| bhAva bimba ke AdhAra haiN| binA bhAva ke bimba kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, aura binA bimba ke bhAva kA sammUrttana nahIM ho sktaa| merI samajha se bhAva aura bimba eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| RSabhAyaNa meM rasavat dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para sthAyI bhAva evaM saMcArI bhAva se saMbaMdhita bimba nirmita kiye gaye haiN| sthAyI bhAvoM ke aMtargata bhakti, nirveda, vAtsalya, zoka, vismaya, utsAha, krodha, bhaya, jugupsA va rati viSayaka bimba Arekhita kiye gaye haiM, kiMtu sarvAdhika bimba bhakti, nirveda, vAtsalya aura utsAha bhAva se sambandhita haiN| zoka, vismaya, krodha, bhaya se sambandhita bhI bahuAyAmI bimba prayukta hue haiN| kiMtu 'jugupsA' aura 'rati' se saMbaMdhita atyalpa bimboM kI hI racanA huyI hai| saMcArI bhAvoM meM mada, zaMkA, moha, spRhA, harSa, pramAda, dhanyatA, IrSyA, zrama evaM anya bhAvoM se sambandhita bimba bhI prasaMgAnukUla nirmita kiye gaye haiM, jo bhAvoM kA sahaja meM hI sammUrtana karate hue pratIta hote haiN| kavi mUrttAmUrta bimboM kI upasthApanA meM bhI saphala rahA hai| sUkSma se sUkSma athavA amUrta se amUrta bhAvoM ko gocaratA pradAna karanA sarala kArya nahIM hai| kiMtu AcArya mahAprajJa jaise sadhe hue sAdhaka kavi ke lie yaha kArya koI kaThina nhiiN| isa dizA meM bhI unhoMne samAna rUpa se lekhanI calAI hai aura manavAMchita bimboM ko gaDhA abhidhA, lakSaNA, vyaMjanA, lokokti, muhAvare, pratIka, alaMkAra, mAnavIkaraNa Adi abhivyakti ke sazakta mAdhyama haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa ne bimba nirmANa meM ukta zailIgata sAdhanoM kA avalambana liyA hai| halAMki kavi kI bhASA yAntrika hai, kiMtu bimba grahaNa meM usakI yAntrikatA kahIM bhI bAMdhaka nahIM bntii| lokokti aura muhAvare bhASA ke zrRMgAra haiM, inake prayoga se bhASA kI vyaMjakatA bar3ha jAtI hai| sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM meM upamAna bimba sRjana kI dRSTi se atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hote haiN| 3391

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pratIkAtmaka bimba jahAM gUDha artha kA sRjana karate haiM vahIM zabda zaktiyA~ vyAcyArtha, lakSyArtha evaM vyaMgyArtha kA saphala bimbAMkana bhI karatI haiN| isa prakAra hama sakate hai ki bimba vidhAna AcArya mahAprajJa kI svAbhAvika kAvya zailI hai, jisa kAraNa hI ve vividha bimboM kA niSpAdana karane meM saphala ho sake haiN| --00-- 3401

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graMthAnukramaNikA 1. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba-vidhAna 2. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM citra vidhAna 3. aucitya vicAracarcA 4. kAvyAlaMkAra 5. kAvyAMlakAra 6. kAvyAdarza 7. kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRtti DaoN. kedAranAthasiMha, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prakAzana, dillI, 1971 DaoN. rAmayatanasiMha bhramara, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, 1965 kSemendra, haridAsa saMskRta sIrIja, 25,caukhambhA prakAzana, banArasa, 1933 zvetAmbara jaina paMDita nami sAdhukata TippaNI sameta vyAkhyAkAra - rAmadeva zukla, caukhambha vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1 bhAmaTa, saMpA, paM. vaTukanAtha zarmA tathA baladeva upAdhyAya, kAzI saMskRta sIrija-61, caukhambhA prakAzana, banArasa daMDI, saMpA, paM. raMgAcArya zAstrI bhaMDArakara risarca iMsTITyUTa, 1938 vAmana, saM. nArAyaNanAtha kulakarNI, orienTala buka ejensI, pUnA, 1927 mammaTa, TIkAkAra DaoN. satyavratasiMha, vidyA bhavana saMskRta graMthamAlA 15, caukhambha prakAzana, banArasa, 1955 rAjazekhara, anu. paM. kedAranAtha zarmA, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1954 DaoN. bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI DaoN. bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI DaoN. hajArIlAla dvivedI, naivedya niketana, vArANasI, 1965 DaoN. maMjulA jAyasavAla, saMjaya prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, 1976 DaoN. nirmalA upAdhyAya, nIlAbha prakAzana, ilAhAbAda DaoN. devIdatta zarmA 8. kAvyaprakAza 9. kAvyamImAMsA 10. kAlIdAsa ke subhASita 11. kAlIdAsa kavi aura kAvya 12. kAlIdAsa kI lAlitya yojanA 13. kAlIdAsa ke kAvya meM dhvani tatva 14. kAlidAsa kA prAkRtika citraNa 15. kAlidAsa kI kalA aura saMskRti [341

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16. kAvya bimba 17. kAvya-zAstra 18. kAvyAtmaka bimba 19. citramImAMsA caukhambhA 20. ciMtAmaNi (bhAga prathama va bhAga dvitIya) 21. jAyasI kI bimba yojanA 22. tulasI sAhitya meM bimba yojanA 23. dazarUpaka sAhitya 24. dhvanyAloka DaoN. nagendra, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, 1967 DaoN. bhagIratha mizra, vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI, 1966 pro. akhaurI brajanandana prasAda, jJAnAloka, azoka rAja patha, paTanA, 1965 appayadIkSita, saM. jagadIzacandra mizra, saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vArANasI, 1971 DaoN. rAmacandra zukla, iNDiya presa pablikezansa. 1965 DaoN. sudhA saksenA, azoka prakAzana, naI sar3aka, dillI, 1966 DaoN. suzIlA zarmA, koNArka prakAzana, dillI, 1972 dhanaMjaya, saMpA, DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, niketana, kAnapura, 1956 Anandavardhana, locana TIkA sahita vyAkhyAkAra AcArya vizvezvara, jJAnamaNDala graMthamAlA 97, vArANasI saMvat 2028 DaoN. nagendra, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, 1963 DaoN. rAjavaMza sahAya 'hIrA' bihAra hindI graMtha akAdamI, paTanA, 1973 paMDitarAja jagannAtha, nAgeza bhaTTa evaM mathurAnAtha zAstrI kI TIkAoM se samanvita, nirNaya sAgara presa, mumbaI, 1947 DaoN. rAmacandra zuklA DaoN. nirmalA jaina, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, 1962 kuntaka, vyAkhyAkAra rAdhezyAma mizra, saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vArANasI-1, 1967 AcArya vizvanAtha, saM. DaoN. nirUpaNa vidyAlaMkAra, sAhitya bhaNDAra, meraTha, 1974 bhoja, kAvyamAlA 94, nirNaya sAgara presa, mumbaI, 1934 342 25. bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI paraMparA 26. bhAratIya sAhitya zAstrakoSa 27. rasagaMgAdhara 28. rasamImAMsA 29. rasa siddhAMta aura saundarya zAstra 30. vakrovitajIvita caukhambhA 31. sAhityadarpaNa 32. sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa

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33. saMskRta-AlocanA DaoN. baladeva upAdhyAya, prakAzana byUro 34. saMskRta sAhitya meM sAdRzyamUlaka DaoN. brahmAnanda zarmA, lekhaka va aMlakAro kA vikAsa prakAzaka-gavarnamainTa kaoNleja, ajamera, san 1964 35. saMskRta kAvyoM meM pazu-pakSI DaoN. rAmadatta zarmA, devanAgara prakAzana, jayapura, 1971 36. zodha-pravidhi DaoN. vinaya mohana zarmA, nezanala pabliziMka hAusa, dillI, 1973 37. RSabhAyaNa AcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1999 38. da eDavAnsDa larnasa DiksanarI Ava kareNTa iMgaliza 1963 39. aMgrejI hindI koza phAdara kAmila bulke 40. e poeTika imeja sI.De. levisa 41. inasavanlopIDiyA oNpha briTenikA 42. zeksapIyara imejanarI eMDa havATa iTa Telsa asa keMbrija prathama saMskaraNa 939 43. Poetic image 44. R.H. Fogle in imagery of Keats and Shelly. 45. bAyogrAphiyA liTareriyA - kaoNlarija 46. philAsaphI ina e nyU kI esa.ke. laiMgara 47. sAiklAjI TAipsa yUMga 48. spekyU lesansa hyUma 49. meka iTa nyU ejarApAuNDa 50. liTarerI eseja oNpha ejarApAuNDa 51. tulasI prajJA 52. sAhitya kI vividha vidhAe~ DaoN. rAmaprakAza 52. Apicutre or representation. 53. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM DaoN.saccidAnaMda tivArI gIti tatva 54. DaoN.zaMbhUnAtha siMha hindI meM mahAkAvya kA svarUpa vikAsa 55. pudgala koSa prathama khaNDa, saM. mohanalAla bA~ThiyA, zrIcaMda coraDiyA 56. jaina tatva vidyA, khaNDa-1, saM.sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhA gaNAdhipati tulasI , 57. rasa siddhAnta DaoN. nagendra 58. AcArya tulasI kA samaNI kusumaprajJA kAvya vaibhava 343

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59. bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya DaoN.kRSNadeva zarmA kAvyazAstra 60. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, graMthAvalI, bhAga-7 61. kAvyAMga kaumudI (tRtIya kalA) vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, alaMkAra 62. pallava kI bhUmikA sumitrAnandana paMta 63. hindI kAvya meM anyokti DaoN.saMsAra caMdra 64. naye kaviyoM ke kAvya DaoN. divika rameza zilpa siddhAnta 65. chAyAvAdI kAvya : saM.zItalA prasAda dube sauMdarya vaividhya 66. nayI kavitA kI bhASA DaoN. ravinAtha siMha 67. Atmane pada ajJeya 68. kalpanA aura chAyAvAda kedAranAtha siMha 69. kalA, sAhitya aura samIkSA DaoN.bhagIratha mizra 70. kabIra saM. vijayendra snAtaka 71. vicAra aura vizleSaNa DaoN.nagendra 72. RSabha aura mahAvIra A. mahAprajJa 73. jaina tatvajJAna praznottarI muni jineza kumAra 74. mahAdevI varmA kI kAvya-sAdhanA pro.kRSNa deva zarmA 75. bhavAnI prasAda mizra kI kAvya DaoN. nIlama kAlar3A bhASA kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana 76. hajArI prasAda dvivedI graMthAvalI bhAga-7 77. kavi zrI zivamaMgala siMha DaoN. ke.jI.kadama sumana aura unakA kAvya 78. tulasIprajJA anusaMdhAna traimAsikI 79. AcArya mahAprajJa, saM.DaoN.harizaMkara pANDeya saMskRta sAhitya 80. mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra saM.kanhaiyAlAla phUlaphagara Atmakathya 81. AcArya tulasI vicAra ke vAtAyana meM, jainendra, 82. mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra Atmakathya 83. mahAprajJa sAhitya muni dulaharAja 84. mahAprajJa kA racanA saMsAra Atmakathya 85. upAsanA saM.mahAzramaNa muditakumAra DA. nA |344

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86. atulatulA 86. ciMtAmaNi (bhAga - 1 ) mImAMsA 85. bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra 86. bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra, 87. hindI rASTrabhASA koza 88. AlocanA - kavitA kI mukti 89. Adhunika hindI kavitA meM bimba 90 mahAdevI ke kAvya meM bimba vidhAna 91. naI kavitA aura nareza mehatA 92. dharmavIra bhAratI, anubhava 93. kAvya-darpaNa 94. zodha aura siddhAMta 95. uttara rAmacarita, bhavabhUti 4/25 96. vizvambharA patrikA, aMka 3 san 1970 97. amaleza guptA 'bhAratIya kAvya zAstra meM bimba viSayaka 98. DaoN. nagendra 99. kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA 100. kAvya prakAza 101 DaoN. nagendra 102. tAra saptaka saM. ajJeya 103. vakrokti jIvita carcA 105. erisToTala, phijiksa, II 188. 106. L. Abererombe 107. aMgrejI kI svacchaMda kavitA 108. rasa gaMgAdhara 109. jayazaMkara prasAda 110. DaoN. Aditya prasAda tivArI AcArya mahAprajJa jI DaoN. rAjakamala vorA DaoN. gaNapati candra gupta 111. sena guptA 112. kAvya mImAMsA adhyAya - 4 DaoN. zAMtisvarUpa gupta saMkalanakartA- vizvezvara nArAyaNa zrIvAstava DaoN. navala kizora, 'navala' ke lekha se uddhRta vidhAna kA vikAsa kedAranAtha siMha vimalA siMha bimba vidhAna, harizcandra varmA rAmadahina mizra DaoN. nagendra saMketa' kAlidAsa kI bimba yojanA bhAratIya kAvyazAstra kI bhUmikA amaleza guptA AcArya vizvezvara sAdhanA ke AyAma saM. kumAra vimala kSemendra, 18 (vRtti) Principal of Literary criticism pramoda varmA kAvyamAlA kAvya aura kalA, prathama saMskaraNa sUrasAgara aura rAmacarita mAnasa kA tulanAtmaka anuzIlana S.C. 345

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113.prakAzaka orieNTa insTITyUTa bar3audA, 1934. 114.vAsavadattA 115. rAmacarita mAnasa gItA presa gorakhapura 116. saMskRta poeTiksa 117.dekheM, nayI kavitA kA anuzIlana DaoN.lalitA aror3A 118. nanda dulAre bAjapeyI Adhunika sAhitya 119.DaoN. mAdhurI nAtha mIrA kAvya kA gItikAvyAtmaka vivecana 120. kRSNa deva zarmA bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya kAvya zAstra 121. nayI kavitA svarUpa aura samasyAe~ 122. upamA kAlidAsasya 123.ajJeya kAvya : sauMdarya cetanA ke bahiraMga AyAma 124.sAhitya samIkSA ke pAzcAtya mAnadaMDa DaoN. rAjendra varmA 125. nadI kI bA~ka para chAyA, ajJeya 126.cA~da kA mu~ha Ter3hA hai muktibodha 127.vicAra bodha kedAranAtha agravAla 128. kaviyoM ke kavi zamazera raMjanA aragar3e 129.jaMgala kA darda sarvezvara dayAla saksenA 130. jJAnodaya, sitambara 1963 131.cakrakAla (bhUmikA) 132.DaoN. sudhA saksenA jAyasI kI bimba yojanA 133.nirAlA, parimala 134.nirAlA gIta kuMja 135.paMta-parivartana. 136.nirAlA rAma kI zaktipUjA 137.naMdakizora navala kavitA kI mukti| --00-- 13461