Gurjar Jain Kavio ki Hindi Sahitya ko Den

Author(s): Hariprasad G Shastri
Publisher: Jawahar Pustakalaya Mathura
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010190/1

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gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena. ( jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya kI pI-eca. DI. upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodha-prabaMdha DA. hariprasAda gajAnana zukla "harIza" ema. e. pI. eca. DI. prAdhyApaka tathA adhyakSa, hindI-vibhAga pATaNa ArTsa eNDa sAisa kaoNlija, pATaNa (uttarI gujarAta) ja vAha ra pusta kA la ya, mathu rA.

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mahAbhArate [ aipIkaparva prakAzaka : kuJjabihArI paMcaurI ema. kaoNma javAhara pustakAlaya, sadara bAjAra, mathurA / kApIrAiTa lekhaka makara saMkrAti 1976 mUlye 30.00

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prAkkathana __ anya ahindI bhASI pradezoM kI taraha gujarAta meM bhI Aja se zatiyoM pUrva hindI ke vyavahata hone ke sAhityaka evaM aitihAsika pramANa upalabdha haiN| apanI vyApakatA, pragatizIlatA evaM lokapriyatA ke kAraNa hI hindI samasta deza ko eka sUtra meM pirone kA kArya karatI A rahI hai / gUrjara-jaina kaviyoM ne bhI hindI kI isa vyApaka zakti ko pahacAna kara usake prati apanA paramparAgata moha dikhAyA hai| ina kaviyoM kI hindI meM vinirmita sAhitya-sampadA sadiyoM se ajJAta yA upekSita rahI hai / isa sAhitya sampadA kA udghATana, parIkSaNa evaM sAhityocita mUlyAMkana karane kA yaha merA vinamra prayAsa hai| pravandha ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karane meM mujhe jinase satata preraNA sarvAdhika mArgadarzana tathA sneha prApta huA hai una apane gurudeva DaoN0 ambAzaMkara jI nAgara ko maiM sarvAdhika RNI huuN| unakI sahAnubhUti ke abhAva meM isa pravandha kA isa rUpa meM pUrA honA kadAcit saMbhava na hotA / maiM unake prati apanI hArdika kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA huuN| isake atirikta bhAvoM ko aupacArika rUpa denA saMbhava bhI to nahIM / DaoN. nAgarajI ke atirikta mujhe aneka saMsthAoM se sahAyatA prApta huI hai| vizeSakara abhaya jaina granthAlaya, bIkAnera, rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura, rAjasthAna zodha saMsthAna, jodhapura, sAhitya zodha vibhAga ( mahAvIra bhavana ), jayapura, zrI AcArya vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura, sAhitya saMsthAna, vidyApITha, udayapura, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta vidyA sabhA, ahamadAvAda, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda, hemacandrAcArya jJAna bhaNDAra, pATaNa, hemacandrAcArya pustakAyala, pATaNa, zrI phatesiMharAva sArvajanika pustakAlaya, pATaNa, jaina maNDala pustAkAlaya, pAThaNa, pATaNa Asa-sAinsa kaoNlija pustakAlaya Adi saMsthAoM ke hastalikhita evaM prakAzita pustakoM se maiMne lAbha uThAyA hai| ina vividha saMgrahoM ke adhikAriyoM evaM kAryakartAoM kA maiM kRtajJa huuN| unhoMne atyanta saujanyapUrvaka pratiyoM ko dekhane tathA unakA upayoga karane kI suvidhA mujhe pradAna kI hai|

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mahAbhArate [aipIkaparva AyogamA ina sthAnoM ke atirikta mujhe savaM zrI agaranana nAma kAsalIvAla, paM0 cainamuga dAsajI, DaoN0 saranAmasiMha garmA "arr", Ti0 nAgInAna sAMDesarA, zrI danamugamAI mAlayaNiyA, paMDitapara zrI mugAlAlamI, paMgalAma, DaoN0 rAmezvaralAla khaNDelavAra, DaoN. raNadhIra upAdhyAya, zrI ke dI kc zrIrAma nAgara, DaoN0 kRSNacandra zrotrIya, zrI nArAyaNagita bhATI, muni zrI pujipI. zrI bhAnuvijayajI, zrI kAMtinAgarajI Adi vidvAnI meM bhI mArgadarzana prApta po kA saubhAgya prApta huA hai| etadartha meM ukta manI se prati hArdika satAnA prATa karatA huuN| mAtha hI una sanI mAta-anAta vidvAnoM tathA vinAkoM pe pani sAmAna vyakta karatA hUM, jinakI godha tathA samIkSA gatiyoM meM meM pratyakSa yA pagAra meM upakRta huA huuN| anta meM yaha kahanA cAhUMgA ki viSaya gahana hai, mere mApana mIgita / guru kaviyoM evaM kRtiyoM ke paricaya banAyAna mila gaye, kucha ke lie gahare paTanA pdd'aa| jo tathya upalabdha hue, unake AdhAra para sAdhana aura mamaya kI maryAdA meM rahate hue maiMne vipaya kA yathAzakti prAmANika pratipAdana kiyA hai| phira nI pUrNatA kA dAvA nahIM hai| apanI zakti kI sImAnoM ko jAnatA hai| anaH mannata prabandha meM apanA evaM truTiyAM bhI raha sakatI haiM, para vidvadavarga madeva guNagrAhI hI hotA hai| makara saMkrAti 1976 harIza gajAnana mukta hindI-vibhAga pATaNa ArTsa eNDa sAinsa kaoNlija pATaNa ( u0 gu0)

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17vIM aura 18vIM zatI ke jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA prakaraNAnukramaNikA bhUmikA khaNDa 1 viSaya-praveza prakaraNa : 1 : Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza tathA pRSThabhUmi / paricaya khaNDa 2 prakaraNa : 2 : 17vIM zatI ke jaina gUrjara kavi aura unakI kRtiyoM kA paricaya / ___ AlocanA khaNDa 3 prakaraNa : 4 : jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM vastu-pakSa / prakaraNa : 5 : jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM kalA-pakSa / prakaraNa : 6 : jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM prayukta vividha kAvya-rUpa / prakaraNa : 7 : Alocya kavitA kA mUlyAMkana aura upasaMhAra /

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mahAbhArate [aipIkaparva

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paricaya khaNDa 2 prakaraNa : 2 17vIM zatI ke jaina gUrjara kavi aura unakI kRtiyoM kA pariyaca 75-127 nayanasundara, zubhacandra, bhaTTAraka, brahmajayasAgara, ratnakIrti bhaTTAraka, sumati sAgara, candrakIti, vinayasamudra, AnandavardhanasUri, mAladeva, brahmarAyamala, kanakasoma, kuzalalAbha, sAghukIrti, sumatikIrti, vIracandra, jayavantasUri, bhaTTAraka, sakalabhUSaNa, udarAja, kalyANasAgarasUri, abhayacandra, samayasundara, kalyANadeva, kumudacandra, jinarAjasUri, vAdicanda, bhaTTAraka mahIcandra saMyamasAgara, brahmaajita, brahmagaNeza, mahAnandagaNi, megharAja; lAlavijaya, dayAzIla, hIrAnanda (hIro saMghavI), dayAsAgara, hemavijaya, lAlacanda, bhadrasena, guNasAgarasUri, zrIsAra, vAlacandra, jJAnAnanda, haMsarAja, RSabhadAsa, kanakakIrti / prakaraNa : 3 18vIM zatI ke jaina gUrjara kavi aura unakI kRtiyoM kA paricaya 126-168 Anandaghana, yazovijayajI, jJAnavimalasUri, dharmavarddhana, Anandavarddhana, kezarakuzala, hemasAgara, vRddhivijayajI, jinaharSa devavijaya, bhaTTAraka zubhacanda-2, devendrakIrtiziSya, lakSmIvallabha, zrI nyAyasAgarajI, abhayakuzala, mAnamuni, kezavadAsa, vinayavijaya, zrImaddevacandra, udayaratna, saubhAgyavijayajI, apamasAgara, vinayacandra, haMsaratna, bhaTTAraka ratnacandra-2, vidyAsAgara, khemacandra, lAvaNyavijayagaNi, jinaudaya sUri, kizanadAsa, hemakavi, kuzala, kanakakuzala bhaTTAraka, kuMvarakuzala, guNavilAsa, nihaalcnd||

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AlocanA khaNDa 3 prakaraNa : 4 Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM vastu-pakSa 166-252 bhAva-pakSa: bhakti-pakSa : bhakti kA sAmAnya svarUpa va usake tatva 163 jaina dharma sAdhanA meM bhakti kA svarUpa 165 jaina-gUrjara hindI kaviyoM kI kavitA meM bhakti-nirUpaNa 198 vicAra-pakSa sAmAjika yathArthAkana, tayugIna sAmAjika samasyAeM aura kaviyoM dvArA prastuta nidAna dhArmika vicAra dArzanika vicAra naitika vicAra prakRti-nirUpaNa : prAkRti kA AlaMvanagata prayoga, 248 prakRti kA uddIpana citraNa, 246 prakRti kA alaMkAragata prayoga, 24 upadeza Adi dene ke lie prakRti kA kAvyAtmaka prayoga, ra4ha prakRti ke mAmyama se brahmavAda kI pratiSThA / 250 niSkarSa 251 230 236 240 247

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prakaraNa : 5 Alocya yuga ke jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM kalA-pakSa 253-286 bhASA 255 chanda aura saMgIta vidhAna 267 alaMkAra - vidhAna 275 pratIka - vidhAna ra7e prakaraNa - niSkarSa 285 (2) ( (3) prakaraNa : 6 Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM prayukta vividha kAvyarUpa 287-316 (1) (viSaya tathA chanda kI dRSTi se ) rAsa, caupAI athavA catuSpadI, beli, cauDhAliyA, gajala, chanda, nIsANI, kuNDaliyAM, chappaya, dohA, savaiyA, piMgala Adi / 276 ( rAga aura nRtya kI dRSTi se ) vivAhalo, maMgala, pramAtI, rAgamAlA, bathAvA, gahUlI Adi / 268 (dharma-upadeza Adi kI dRSTi se ) pUjA, saloka, kalaza, vaMdanA, stuti, stavana, stotra, gIta, sajjhAya, vinatI, pada Adi / 266 ( saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ) aSTaka, bIsI, cauvIsI, battIsI, chattIsI, vAvanI, vahottarI, gataka Adi / 301 (5) (parva, Rtu, mAsa Adi kI dRSTi se ) phAga, dhamAla, horI, bArahamAsA, caumAsA Adi / 304 ( kathA-pravandha kI dRSTi se ) prabandha, caritra, saMvAda, AkhyAna, kathA, vArtA Adi / 308 (vividha viSayoM kI dRSTi se ) pravahaNa-vAhaNa, dIpikA, candrAulA, cUnar3I, sUkhar3I, AMtarA, duvAvata, nAmamAlA, dodhaka, jakar3I, hiyAlI. dhrupada, kulaka Adi / 312 (7)

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mr m u prakaraNa : 7 Alocya kavitA kA mUlyAMkana aura upasaMhAra 317-332 mUlyAMkana : hindI bhakti sAhitya kI paramparA ke pariveza meM mUlya evaM mahatva saMta kavi aura jaina kavi 321 rahasyavAdI vArA 324 saMta aura jaina kaviyoM kI guru sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA vizleNa / 328 sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahatva evaM mUlyAMkana 326 upasaMhAra : - 332 pariziSTa pariziSTa : 1 : Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara hindI kaviyoM kI nAmAvalI pariziSTa : 2 : Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara hindI kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM kI nAmAvalI 337-342 pariziSTa : 3 : saMdarbha graMtha sUcI 343-347 (1) hindI graMtha / (2) gujarAtI graMtha / (3) aMgrejI graMtha tathA saMskRta-prAkRta. graMtha / parigiTa : 4 : patra-patrikAeM / 348

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samapita paramapitA paramAtmA trimUrtiziva jisane isa puruSottama saMgama yuga para brahmAtana meM divya avataraNa kara apane divya jJAna aura yoga kA abhaya dAna diyA tathA sacce brAhmaNatva ko jhakajhora kara pUrNa pavitratA aura atIndriya sukha se ApUrNa divya jIvana kA anumava karAyA / harIza

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gaI donatA saba hI hamArI, prabhu ! tuja samakita - dAna meM / prabhu-guna- anubhava rasa ke Age, Avata nAMhi kou mAna meM || jinahi pAyA tinahI chipAyA, na kahe kou ke kAna meM / tAlI lAgI jaba anubhava kI, taba jAne kou sA~na meM | prabhu guna anubhava candrahAsa jyauM, so to na rahe myAna meM / vAcaka jaza kahe moha mahA ari, jIta lIyo he medAna meM || - yazovijaya

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prastAvanA DaoN0 zukla kA prastuta zodha-pravandha gujarAta ke jaina bhakta kaviyoM, saMtoM ke kRtitva tathA vyaktitva bodha ko udghATita karatA hai / lekhaka ne sarvadharma samabhAva kI bhAvanA se apane citta ko raMjita kara pUre taTastha bhAva se navIna evaM khoja pUrNa mUlyA~kana prastuta kiyA hai, aisA merA spaSTa abhiprAya hai / abhI merA mana eka gahare IzvarI vajrAghAta se vizeSa kSubdha paristhiti kA bhoga bana rahA hai phira bhI saMta kavi aura unakI bhaktimayI zAMti dAyinI vANI kI eka lakSyatA tathApi vividhatA sAMsArika vajrAghAtoM evaM kSubdhatAoM se pAra le jAne kI eka balavatI zakti kA paricaya avazya karAtI hai / prastuta prabandha pAThakoM evaM vicArakoM ke citta meM bhI pavitra sahiSNutA kA bhAva avazya hI udita karegA tathA paraspara sarvadharma samabhAva kI bhAvanA phailAne meM bar3A sahAyaka hogA / usa dRSTi se DaoN0 zukla ke isa prabandha kA bar3A bhArI mUlya hai / eka aMdhakAramaya sAmpradAyika jamAnA aisA bhI thA 'hastinA tADyamAno'pi na gaccheda jaina mandiram' para aba pUjya avatArI puruSa mahAtmA gAMdhIjI kI pavitratama vANI se vaha andhakAra vilIna sA ho gayA hai aura paraspara samabhAva kA udIyamAna ho rahA hai| isase bhArata kI samasta prajA isa dRSTi se eka sUtra meM anusyUta hone lagI hai aura yahI eka sUtratA hamAre deza kA jIvana hai / prastuta zodha prabandha isI eka sUtratA kA var3A samarthaka evaM popaka hai| pUrvokta andhakAra yuga meM bhI maharSi saMta bhakta kavi zrI Anandaghana jI muni ne gAyA hai "rAma kaho rahamAna kaho koU kAnha kaho mahAdeva rii| pArasa nAtha kaho koU brahmA sakala brahya svayameva rii|| bhAjana bheda kahAvata nAnA eka mRttikA rUparI / taise khaMDa kalpanA ropita Apa akhaMDa sarUparI // ___ Azrama bhajanAvalI, pR0 125 prastuta prabandha isa akhaMDatA kA jarUra pracAraka banegA aura bhArata ke samagra dharmAvalaMbI paraspara bhAtR-bhAva kA anubhava kreNge| isI meM hamArA kalyANa hai, zreya hai aura ziva hai / imI akhaMDatA eka sUtratA kI vicAradhArA ke prakhara samarthaka DaoN. harIza zukla vizeSa abhinandana ke pAtra hai tathA unake isa graMtha kA maiM hRdaya se svAgata karatA huuN| 'savako sanmati de bhagavAn" / -~-paMDita vecaradAsa dozI ahamadAvAda 12-va, bhAratI nivAsa sosAyaTI 25-12-75 ahamadAvAda-6

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purovAka yaha nirvivAda rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki svAtaMtryottara-zogha meM kSetrIya evaM tulanAtmaka zodha ko vizeSa protsAhana milA hai| hindI ko saMvidhAna-dvArA mAnyatA prApta ho jAne ke pazcAt usakA paThana-pAThana evaM adhyayana-anuzIlana deza bharake vizvavidyAlayoM meM hone lgaa| hindItara pradeza ke anusaMghitsuoM ne jaba zodha ke kSetra meM padArpaNa kiya to svabhAvataH unakA dhyAna sabase pahale apane apane kSetroM kI sahityasaMpadA kI ora hI gayA / isa kSetrIya zodha ke phalasvarUpa vagAla, paMjAba; mahArASTra evaM gujarAta ke AMcala se hindI kA prAcIna sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM prakAza meM AyA / kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki yaha sAhitya bhApA evaM sAhityika guNapatrA kI dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa siddha huA / jahA~ taka gujarAta kA prazna hai, eka to hindI bhApI pradeza kA nikaTavartI pradeza hone ke kAraNa, dUsare vallabha saMpradAya, svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAya, saMtamata, sUphI saMpradAya aura jainadharma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa, aura tIsare gujarAta ke musalima zAsakoM tathA rAjapUta rAjAkoM ke hindI prema ke kAraNa, isa pradeza ke aMcala meM hindI ko phUlane-phalane kA paryApta avasara milaa| isIlie hindI mApA evaM sAhitya ko hindItara mApA-mApI pradezoM kA jo pradAna hai, usameM gujarAta kA pradAna sarvopari hai / isa pradeza meM 15vIM zatI se Aja taka saikar3oM kaviyoM ne DiMgala, braja evaM khar3IvolI meM utkRSTa sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai / isa sAhitya ke prakAza meM Ane se eka ora jahA~ bhArata ke pazcimAMcala meM madhyakAla meM hindI kI vyApti ke sAkSya samupalavdha hue hai / vahA~ dUsarI ora usase bhArata kI sAMskRtika ekatA evaM bhAratIya sAhitya kI ekAnviti kI bhI saMpuSTi huii|

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gujarAta prAMtIya hindI-sAhitya ke sambandha meM aba taka jo zodha-pravandha prastuta kiye gae haiM unameM DaoN0 harIza zukla kA prastuta zodha-pravandha aneka dRSTiyoM se vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai / DaoN0 zukla ne pATaNa tathA anya gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke hastalikhita jJAna maMDAroM meM surakSita pAMDulipiyoM ke AdhAra para eka nitAMta maulika evaM achUte vipaya kA udghATana kiyA hai / unhoMne gujarAta ke acala meM AvRtta madhyakAlIna jaina kaviyoM ke hindI kRtitvakA, eka sunizcita samaya-maryAdA nirdhArita karake, anusaMdhAna, adhyayana evaM vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / merI dRSTi meM unakA yaha kArya usa gotekhora ke jaisA hai jo agAdha sAgara meM DubakI lagAkara anamola motI baToratA hai / mujhe vizvAsa hai, agAdha jaina mahArNava se baTore gae ye kAvya-mauktika nizcaya hI sarasvatI ke kaMThAmaraNa kI gomA meM abhivRddhi kreNge| ___ DaoN. harIza zuklA ne yaha kArya yadyapi vizuddha jJAnarjana kI bhUmikA para kiyA hai tathApi isase prasaMgata dezabhara kI sAMskRtika ekAnviti evaM rASTramApA kI vyApaka paramparA kA bhI abhijJAna hogA / AzA hai zodha guNoM se alaMkRta yaha zodhakArya-samasta vidvajjanoM eva sAhitya-premiyoM dvArA samAhata hogaa| bhApA sAhitya bhavana gujarAta yunivarsiTI ahamadAvAda-6 25-12-75 --DAM0 ambAzaMkara nAgara adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga gujarAta yunivarsiTI ahamadAbAda

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: lekhaka kA nivedana : kavIra, mIrAbAI, sUradAsa, tulasIdAsa Adi santoM ne jisa prakAra samagra deza meM bhakti evaM adhyAtma kI bhAvadhArA pravAhita kara dI thI usI prakAra jaina santoM ne bhI apane pravacanoM evaM sAhitya sampadA dvArA bhakti tathA jJAna samanvita naitika evaM AdhyAtmika jAgaraNa kA zaMkhanAda phUkA thA / kintu aise santoM ke bAre meM eka hI sthAna para upalabdha sAmagrI kA abhI taka abhAva hI rahA hai| isI kamI ko pUrA karane ke lie gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke aMcala se prApta jaina saMtoM kA aitihAsika evaM sAhityaka paricaya dete hue unakI upalabdhiyoM kA vividha dRSTiyoM se mUlyAMkana prastuta karane kA prayAsa yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| vizvAsa hai yaha prayAsa hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa ko puna: dekhane samajhane ke lie eka nayA gavAkSa udghATita kregaa| sAtha hI anya ahindI bhApI pradezoM kI taraha gujarAta meM bhI Aja se zatiyoM pUrva hindI ke vyavahRta hone ke sAhityika evaM aitihAsika pramANa upalabdha haiM / apanI vyApakatA, pragatizIlatA evaM lokapriyatA ke kAraNa hI hindI samasta deza ko eka sUtra meM anusyUta karane kA kArya karatI A rahI hai| gujarAta ke jaina santoM ne bhI hindI kI isa vyApaka zakti ko pahacAna kara usake prati apanA paramparAgata sneha dikhAyA hai / ina jaina santa kaviyoM kA hindI meM vinirmita sAhitya-sampadA sadiyoM se ajJAta evaM upekSita rahI hai| isa sAhitya sampadA kA udghATana parIkSaNa evaM sAhityocita mUlyAMkana karane kA bhI yaha merA vinamra prayAsa hai| AzA hai, isa ora jijJAsu sAhitya marmajJoM kI dRSTi jaaygii| viSaya gahana hai mere sAdhana sImita / ata: jo tathya upalabdha hue unake AdhAra para sAdhana aura samaya kI maryAdA meM rahate hue maiMne viSaya kA yathAzakti prAmANika pratipAdana kiyA hai / phira bhI pUrNatA kA dAvA nahIM hai / isa dizA meM yaha prayAsa 'Arambha mAtra' hI mAnA jAnA cAhie / vAstava meM pA~ca varSa ke nirantara zrama ke pazcAt merA yaha prabandha kAphI pUrva hI gujarAta yunivarsiTI dvArA svIkRta ho cukA thA, para prakAzana kI samucita vyavasthA na hone ke kAraNa pAMca varSa taka vaisA hI par3A rahA / mahAvIra kI pacIsa sauMvIM nirvANa tithi mahotsava ke isa varSa meM sudhA pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM isa pravandha ko saMzodhata rUpa meM prastuta karatA huA prasannatA kA anubhava kara rahA huuN| prastuta zodha-pravandha kA praNayana gujarAta yunivarsiTI ke hindI-vibhAgAdhyakSa zraddheya DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgarajI ke vidvattApUrNa nirdezana meM sampanna huA hai jinase

Page #19
satata preraNA sarvAdhika mArgadarzana tathA sneha prApta karane kA saubhAgya mujhe milA hai / unakI sneha evaM sahAnubhUti se paripUrita AtmIyatA ne mere isa durgama patha ko sugama vanAyA hai / 'purovAka' likhakara Apane isa prabandha ke gaurava ko vizeSa var3hA diyA hai / maiM unake prati apanI hArdika kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA hU~ / isake atirikta bhAvoM ko aupacArika rUpa denA saMbhava bhI to nahIM / ise maiM apanA saubhAgya hI samajhatA hU~ ki jaina sAhitya marmajJa, prakANDa-paMDita, dArzanika evaM prakhara citaka vayovRddha paMDita vecaradAsa jI ne adhikArika prastAvanA likhakara isa zodha prabaMdha ko vizeSa garimA pradAna kI hai / prastAvanA ke ye zabda aise samaya likhe hai java ApakA antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta ekalautA yuvA putra ApakI jIvana naiyA ko DagamagAtI chor3a isa saMsAra se vidA le gayA ho-- nizcaya hI yaha unakI dArzanika pratibhA, sAkSItva evaM vyaktitva kI mahAnatA hai / ApakI isa mahatI kRpA ke lie maiM hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ / pUjanIya DaoN0 saranAma siMha garmAjI ke satparAmargo se bhI maiM vizeSa lAbhAMvita huA hU~ | unake sujhAvoM ke phalasvarUpa hI meM apanA zodha-prabandha Aja isa rUpa meM prastuta kara sakA hU~ | maiM ApakA jitanA AbhAra mAnU utanA hI kama hai / gujarAta ke jaina saMtoM kA adhyayana karate samaya jaina darzana evaM sAhitya ke marmajJA zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIyAjI, paMDitavara sukhalAlajI, muni zrIpuNya-vijayajI, zrIagaracanda nAhaTAjI, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAlajI, paM cainasukhadAsajI, DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDemarAjI, zrI ke0 kA0 zAstrIjI, zrI mAnuvijayajI, zrI kAMti sAgarajI Adi ne apane amUlya sujhAva dekara merA kArya sarala evaM saphala banAyA hai, ina vidvAnoM ko maiM hArdika namana karatA hU~ / zraddhaya DaoN0 rAmezvaralAla khaNDelavAlajI tathA DaoN0 zrIrAma nAgarajI kI mujha para nirantara kRpA dRSTi rahI hai / unakA AtmIya protsAhana tathA kRpA ke phalasvarUpa hI maiM zodhakArya yathA samaya pUrNakara Aja yahA~ taka pahu~ca sakA hU~ / isake lie AbhAra bhI kyA jJApita karU ? ina vidvAnoM ke atirikta DaoN0 raNadhIra bhAI upAdhyAya, DaoN0 surezabhAI trivedI, DaoN0 DI0 esa0 zukla, DaoN0 kRSNacandra zrotrIya, zrInArAyaNa siMha bhATI, DaoN0 zrI sevantIlAla zAha, AcArya eca0sI0 trivedI, AcArya vI0 esa0 vaNIkara, AcArya vAvubhAI paTela, pro0 kAnajI bhAI paTela Adi ne bhI sahRdayatA pUrvaka protsAhana dekara mujhe vizeSa lAbhAnvita kiyA hai / ataH ina vidvAnoM ke prati AbhAra vyakta karanA apanA dharma samajhatA hU~ / isa prasaMga para mai apanI mAtRsaMsthA evaM saMsthA ke pramukha seTha zrI tulasIdAsa bhAI, maMtrI zrI jIvaNabhAI tathA bhAI canda bhAI vakIla ke prati bhI AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~, jinhoMne preraNA va protsAhana hI nahIM anya vizeSa suvidhAe~ bhI pradAna kara mujhe lAbhAnvita kiyA hai /

Page #20
isa maMgala avasara para pUjya mAtA-pitA evaM bhAI-mAnI kI masIma-gRpA kA smaraNa bhI Avazyaka hai, jinakI vajaha se Aja maiM isa yogya bana sakA hai| sadaiva unaka ArzIvAda prApta hote raheM, yahI abhIpsA hai| mitroM evaM vidyArthiyoM ke apAra sneha ko nI kaise bhUlA jA sakatA hai, jinake vinA yaha kArya pUrNa honA asaMbhava hI thaa| mere priya mitra DA0 aravinda jogI, DaoN0 rAmakumAra gupta tathA pro0 akhiledAzAha ke mahayoga ke lie kyA kahUM? ve to mere apane hI haiM / inake prati AbhAra pradarzana bhI kyA kara ? godha-prabaMdha kA yaha prakAzita rUpa unhIM ke prayatnoM kA phala hai| taduparAMta pro0 navanIta mAI, pro0 bAla kRSNa upAdhyAya, DaoN0 ramezabhAI zAha, DaoN. madhumAI, AcAryA aravindA bahana, DaoN0 tArA bahana Adi se bhI samaya samaya para preraNA-protsAhana pAtA rahA hai, ataH sabhI ke prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| mere priya vidyArthiyoM meM zrI pUnamacanda svAmI, zrI cImanasiMha rAThaura, zrI rAmakhatrI evaM priya vidyArthinI zrImatI kumudamAha, zrImatI kalpanA paTela, ku. kalpanA rAmI tathA kucha pramodA sAlavI ne mujhe jo sahAyatA dI hai isake lie ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| isa pAvana avasara para apanI jIvana saMginI, sat dharma para sadaiva sthira rahane vAlI dharma patnI zrImatI suzIlA ko kaise bhUlA jA sakatA haiM ? para usake prati dhanyavAda pragaTa karanA dhRSTatA hI hogii| ci0 bhAvanA, vinaya, nehA yazeSa tathA anuja pro0 narendra va DaoN0 pramAkara kA smaraNa bhI Avazyaka hai, kyoMki ve mere zodha kArya kI zIghra samApti evaM yazasvI saphalatA ke lie lalAyita the| sAtha hI una sabhI jJAta-ajJAta vidvAnoM, vicArakoM tathA sAhityakAroM ke prati bhI kRtajJatA vyakta karanA maiM apanA kartavya samajhatA hUM jinake granyoM ke vinA yaha zodha kArya sampanna nahIM ho sakatA thaa| gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI zodha saMsthAoM evaM unake saMcAlako kA bhI maiM AbhArI haiM, jinhoMne mujhe vizeSa adhyayana kI suvidhA tathA pustakoM evaM hastapratoM kI prApti meM sahAyatA dI hai / anta meM 'javAhara pustakAlaya' mathurA ke saMcAlaka evaM prakAzaka bhAI zrI kuja vihArI pacaurI jI kA bhI maiM vizeSa AbhArI hUM, jinhoMne isa zodha-prabandha ke prakAzana kI sampUrNa javAbadArI vahana kara ise isa rUpa meM prastuta kara hArdika saujanya dikhAyA hai / astu ! OM zAMti !! makara saMkrAti, 1976 hindI vibhAga pATaNa ArTa sa eNDa sAyaMsa kaoNleja pATaNa (uttara gujarAta) -harIza zukla

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vistRta rUparekhA .. bhUmikA khaNDa 1 viSaya praveza 1. prastuta viSaya ke cayana kI preraNA, nAmakaraNa evaM mahattva / 2. viSaya se sambaddha prApta sAmagrI kA vihaMgAvalokana evaM sAmagrI prApti ke srota / 3. prastuta viSaya meM nihita zodha-saMbhAvanAe~ / 4. prastuta adhyayana kI maaryaadaaeN| - 5. prastAvita yogdaan| . 6. prakaraNa-vibhAjana aura prakaraNa-saMkSipti /

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Page #23
bhUmikA khaNDa viSaya praveza 1. prastuta viSaya ke cayana kI preraNA, nAmakaraNa aura mahattva preraNA : jainoM ke tIrthadhAma aura sAhitya kendra pATaNa ko AjIvikA hetu apanA kArya kSetra banAne para yahA~ ke jaina bhaNDAroM aura usameM saMgRhIta aneka grantha-ratnoM ko dekhane kA suyoga prApta huaa| jijJAsA bar3hI, adhyayana meM pravRtta hone para patA calA ki gujarAta ke aneka jaina kaviyoM ne hindI meM racanAe~ kI haiM jo prAyaH abhI taka upekSita evaM anAta haiN| gujarAtI kRtiyoM para to gujarAta ke vidvAnoM ne gaveSaNAtmaka kArya kiyA para hindI kRtiyA~ achUtI hI rhiiN| idhara DA0 ambAzaMkara nAgara apane adhinibaMdha- "gujarAta kI hindI sevA" dvArA kSetrIya anusaMdhAna kI eka naI dizA to sUcita kara hI cuke the| isa prakAra prastuta zodha-kArya meM pravRtta hone kI preraNA balavatI hotI gii| - ___ tadanantara isa pradeza me prApta hindI meM racita jaina-sAhitya va tatsambandhI samIkSA ko dekhane se yaha vizvAsa aura bhI dRr3ha ho gayA ki bhASA aura bhAvadhArA kI dRSTi se isa sAhitya kA abhI taka vaijJAnika stara para sAhityocita mUlyAMkana nahIM ho sakA hai| gujarAta meM mUlyAMkana kA jo prayAsa kiyA bhI gayA hai, usameM vipula samRddha jaina sAhitya kI anekAneka amUlya hindI kRtiyAM, vidvAnoM kI upekSA ke kAraNa, abhI taka aspRSya rahI haiN| zodhaparaka sAhityocita mUlyAMkana kA abhAva tathA yaha aspRSTatA bhI mere zodhaprabaMdha kI preraNA kI mUla rahI haiN| nAmakaraNa : prastuta prabandha kA nAmakaraNa karate samaya kucha aura bhI vikalpa samakSa the, yathA- "gujarAta ke jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena", "gujarAta ke jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sevA", "jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA" Adi / "jana gujarAtI kaviyoM" kI jagaha zrI mo0 80 desAI dvArA prayukta "jaina gurjara kavi" prayoga mujhe adhika pasanda AyA kyoMki gujarAta kA nAmakaraNa mUla gurjara jAti ke AdhAra para hI huA hai tathA yahA~ "gurjara" zabda sthAna vAcaka ( gujarAta prAMta ) artha meM hI prayukta huA hai arthAt aisA kavi jo jaina ho aura gujarAta pradeza se bhI saMpati ho| "jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI' hindI sevA" athavA "hindI sAhitya ko dena" jaise

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jaina kaviyoM ko hindI kavitA viSayoM meM svabhAvataH hI sAhitya kI donoM vidhAoM-gadya aura padya kA samAveza ho jAtA hai | ataH viSaya kI vyApakatA aura apane samaya va sAmarthya kI sImAloM ko dekhakara kevala "padya" para kAma karanA mujhe adhika samIcIna lagA / inakI " gadya racanAe~" eka pRthak pravandha kI saMbhAvanAoM se garbhita hai / samaya kI sunizcita avadhi meM viSaya kA itanA vistAra kisI bhI prakAra se sambhava nahIM ho sakatA thaa| gujarAta meM jaina kaviyoM kI hindI padyAtmaka racanAe~ bhI 15vIM zatI se prApta hone lagatI haiM / 15vIM zatI se Aja taka kI isa vipula sAhitya-sampadA kA adhyayana bhI samaya va lekhaka kI sAdhana-zakti kI sImAoM ke kAraNa, asambhava thA / ataH 14vIM aura 16vIM zatI ( vikrama kI ) - kevala do sau varSo kI samaya-maryAdA nizcita karanI pdd'ii| ukta zatiyoM ko kavitA ko hI lene kA eka vizeSa hetu yaha bhI thA ki ina do zatiyoM meM saMkhyA aura stara -- donoM hI dRSTiyoM se adhika ucca stara ke kavi aura kRtiyA~ samupalabdha hotI haiM / pariNAmataH jo nAmakaraNa ucita ho sakatA hai vaha hai- "17vIM aura 18vIM zatI ke jaina- gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA " | mahattva : 20 prastuta viSaya ke mahattva ko nimnalikhita dRSTiyoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai (ka) prastuta viSaya para zodha kA abhAva / ( kha ) sAhitya kI vipulatA evaM uccastarIya garimA 1 (ga) sampradAyagata sAhitya meM sAhityikatA / (gha) hindI ke rASTrIya svarUpa kA vikAsa / isa dizA meM aba taka jo gaveSaNA huI vaha vizeSataH rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ke vidvAnoM ke kucha zodha paraka granthoM tathA vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita phuTakara nivandhoM taka hI sImita hai / svataMtra rUpa se gujarAta ke jaina kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA kI gaveSaNA ina adhyetAoM meM se kisI kA mUla pratipAdya nahIM thaa| DaoN0 amvAzaMkara nAgara ko chor3akara zepa adhyetA jaina gurjara kaviyoM ko hindI kavitA ke prati prAyaH udAsIna ho rahe haiM / ataH isa bAta kI bar3I AvazyakatA pratIta hotI rahI ki jainagurjara kaviyoM kI hindI racanAoM kI samIcIna gaveSaNA evaM unakI sAhityika guNavattA kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jAya / bhAratIya sAhitya paramparA ke nirmANa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / saMskRta bhASA se prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA anyAnya dezya bhASAoM taka inakI sRjana-salilA pravahamAna rahI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina sAhitya hindI meM bhI pracura hai, utanA hI vividha zailI sampanna bhI hai /

Page #25
bhUmikA khaNDa : sampradAyagata sAhitya sadaiva upekSaNIya athavA tiraskaraNIya nahIM hotA, aneka kRtiyA~. to zuddha sAhityika mAnadaNDoM para bhI kharI utaratI haiM / ataH sampradAyagata sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana bhI sAhityika samRddhi ke lie anivArya mAnA jaaygaa| isa prakAra ke kSetrIya zodhoM se hindI ke rASTrIya svalpa kA vikAsa svataH hotA calegA aura yaha eka prakAra se va prakArAntara se hindI bhASA va sAhitya kI. eka atirikta kintu mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hogii| ___ ukta dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para vipaya kA mahatva svayaMmeva pratipAdita ho| jAtA hai| - 2. viSaya se sambaddha prApta sAmagrI kA vihaMgAvalokana - " . evaM sAmagrI prApti ke srota - sAmagrI-vihaMgAvalokana : . jaina-gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA para zodhakArya karane ke lie mujhe jo / AdhArabhUta sAmagrI prApta huI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai(1) zodha pravandha : (ka) gujarAta kI hindI sevA ( 1657, rAjasthAna yunivarsiTI ) DaoN. ambAzaMkara nAgara - (kha) gujarAta ke kaviyoM kI hindI-kAvya-sAhitya ko dena ( 1662, AgarA yunivarsiTI) DaoN0 naTavaralAla vyAsa (ga) sataramAM zatakanA pUrvArdha nA jaina-gujarAtI kavio ('1663, gujarAta yunivarsiTI) DaoN0 vi0 je0. coksI (2) hindI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa tathA anya grantha : (ka) hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa : paM0 nAthUrAma premI (kha) hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa : kAmatAprasAda jaina (ga) jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa : mo0 da0 desAI (gha) hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlaga bhAga 1, 2, nemicandra zAstrI (ca) jaina gurjara kavio bhAga 1, 2, 3 : mo0 80 desAI (cha) gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha : DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara

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22 jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA (ja) gujarAtIo e hindI sAhityamA Apelo phAlo : bAhyAbhAI pI0 derAsarI (sa) bhuja ( kaccha ) kI brajabhASA pAThazAlA : kuvara candraprakAza siMha (e) rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva : DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla (3) saMgraha-saMkalana grantha : samaya sundara kRta kusumAMjali, jinaharpa granyAvali, jinarAjasUri kRta kusumAMjali, dharmavarddhana granthAvali, vinayacandra kRta kusumAMjali, aitihAsika jana-kAvya saMgraha, jaina gurjara kAvya saMgraha, Anandadhana pada ratnAvalI, Anandadhana pada saMgraha, gana saMgraha dharmAmRta, Ananda kAvya mahodadhi Adi hindI tathA gujarAtI vidvAnoM dvArA sampAdita saMkalana grny| (4) patra-patrikAoM meM phuTakara nivandha : ___ zikSaNa aura sAhitya, anekAMta, jinavANI, paramparA, rAjasthAnI, hindI anuzIlana, vIravANI, sammelana patrikA, sAhitya sandeza, jJAnodaya, nAgarI pracAraNI patrikA, maruvANI, rAjasthAna bhAratI, jaina siddhAMta bhAskara Adi patrikAoM meM prakAzita vibhinna vidvAnoM ke phuTakara nivandha tathA premI abhinandana grantha, zrI rAjendrasUri smAraka nantha, muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha, AcArya vijayavallabha sUri smAraka grantha Adi meM prakAzita kucha nibaMdha / . uparyukta sAmagrI meM kevala tIna zodha prabaMdha hI aise hai, jinameM kucha gurjara kaviyoM tathA unakI kRtiyoM kA paricaya upalabdha hotA hai| DaoN0 nAgara ke , adhinibaMdha-"gujarAta kI hindI sevA" kA pratipAdya gujarAta ke aMcala meM AtI samasta hindI sAhitya sampadA kI gavepaNA thA / ataH unhoMne vaiSNava, svAmInArAyaNa 'saMta, rAjyAzrita, sUphI tathA Adhunika kaviyoM kA paricaya prastuta karate hue gujarAta ke Anandaghana, yazovijaya, vinaya vijaya, jJAnAnanda, kisanadAsa Adi kucha pramukha ___ kaviyoM kA paricaya dene taka hI apane ko sImita rakhA hai| DaoN0 vyAsa kA kArya prArambhika gaveSaNA kA hI hai| inakA pravandha yadyapi DaoNkTara nAgara ke kArya ke pazcAt prastuta kiyA gayA thA tathApi ye DaoN0 nAgara se vizeSa jaina kaviyoM ko prakAza meM nahIM lA sake haiN| DaoN0 coksI ke pravandha kA mukhya pratipAdya gujarAta aura gujarAta bhApA ke kaviyoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA rahA hai ataH gujarAta ke hindI-sevI jaina phaviyoM para unakI vizeSa dRSTi nahIM rahI hai| . hindI-jana sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bhI jaina-gurjaraM kaviyoM kA nyUnAdhika

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bhUmikA khaNDa ullekha hI huA hai / anya hindI evaM gujarAtI ke sAmAnya granthoM meM apane-apane pradeza vizeSa ke kaviyoM aura unake kRtitva kA paricaya mila jAtA hai / inameM kucha kavi aise avazya nikala Aye haiM jinakA sambandha vizeSataH gujarAta aura rAjasthAna donoM prAMtoM se rahA hai / DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ke grantha "rAjasthAna ke jaina santa" meM kucha jaina santa mUlataH gujarAta ke hI rahe haiN| DaoN0 kastUracandajI bhI inake vyaktitva aura kRtitva ke paricaya se Age nahIM bar3he haiM / hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana meM jaina kaviyoM ke mUlyAMkana kA svara thor3A U~cA avazya rahA hai, para yaha mUlyAMkana samasta hindI jaina sAhitya ko lekara huA hai / jisameM Anandaghana aura yazovijayajI jaise atyalpa jaina- gurjara kaviyoM ko sthAna milA hai, zeSa aneka mahatvapUrNa kavi raha gaye haiM / 23 sampAdita athavA saMkalana granthoM meM vizeSataH vibhinna kaviyoM kI phuTakara racanAoM ko hI saMgRhIta va sampAdita kiyA gayA hai / etatsamvandhI patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita sabhI lekhoM meM gujarAta ke jaina sAhitya aura kaviyoM se sambandhita viSaya atyalpa hI rahA hai / sAmagrI prApti ke srota : gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA ke adhyayana ke lie prApta sAmagrI ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai / yathA - (ka) saMkalita sAmagrI ( prakAzita evaM aprakAzita ) / - ( kha ) paricayAtmaka sAmagrI ( prakAzita evaM aprakAzita ) (ga) alocanAtmaka sAmagrI ( prakAzita evaM aprakAzita ) (ka) saMkalita sAmagrI : avazya banI huI hai| svatantra rUpeNa saMgraha jaina- gurjara kaviyoM kI samagra hindI kavitA kA vyavasthita rUpa se aba taka sampAdana nahIM ho sakA hai / adhikAMza aisI prApta sAmagrI gujarAtI granthoM meM gujarAta kavitA ke bIca-bIca hI upalabdha hotI hai / ata: yaha AvazyakatA ki gujarAta ke aMcala meM AvRtta samagra hindI jaina sAhitya kA evaM sampAdana kiyA jAya / isa prakAra ke sAhitya ke prakAzana meM gujarAta varnAkyUlara sosAyaTI ( ahamadAvAda); phA0 gu0 sa0 (bambaI ) ma0 sa0 vizvavidyAlaya, bar3audA, sAhitya zodha vibhAga, mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura zrI jaina zvetAmvara kAnpharansa Aphisa, bambaI; zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara; zrI adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maMDala, bambaI; sAdUla rAjasthAnI risarca insTrITyUTa, bIkAnera, zo0 bAvacanda gopAlajI, bambaI Adi saMsthAoM kA viziSTa yogadAna rahA hai / gujarAtI ke jaina kaviyoM kI aprakAzita vANI prAyaH nimna sthAnoM meM upalabdha hotI hai

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24 jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA (ka) vibhinna pustakAlayoM meN| (kha) vibhinna mandiroM evaM jJAna bhaNDAroM meM / (ga) vibhinna zodha saMsthAnoM tathA prakAzana saMsthAoM meM / (gha) vyakti vizepa ke pAsa tathA nijI bhaNDAroM meM / lekhaka ne gujarAta ke pATaNa tathA ahamadAvAda aura rAjasthAna ke udayapura cittaur3a, jayapura, jodhapura, tathA bIkAnera ke vibhinna jJAna bhaNDAroM, pustakAlayoM tathA zodha saMsthAoM kI prApta sAmagrI ke adhyayana kA lAbha uThAyA hai| (kha) paricayAtmaka sAmagrI : jaina-gurjara kaviyoM ke sAmAnya paricaya sambandhI sAmagrI jaina sAhitya ke . vibhinna itihAsoM se tathA vizeSataH zrI mohanalAla dalicanda desAI ke grantha jaina / gurjara kavio (tIna bhAga) se prApta huI hai| kucha kaviyoM ke paricaya lekhaka ne vibhinna bhaNDAroM kI aprakAzita sAmagrI se bhI khojane ke prayatna kiye haiN| isake lie muni kAMtisAgara jI (udayapura) ke aprakAzita aMzoM tathA DaoN0 kastUracanda jI kAlIdAsa jI ke noTa se bhI paryApta sahAyatA milI hai|| (ga) AlocanAtmaka sAmagrI : gujarAtI tathA jaina sAhitya ke viziSTa adhyetAboM meM DaoN0 kanhaiyAlAla munzI, AcArya anantarAya rAvala, DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, zrI viSNuprasAda trivedI, AcArya kuMvara candraprakAzasiMha, DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara, zrI ke0 kA zAstrI, zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, zrI mohanalAla dalicanda desAI, pro0 maMjulAla majumadAra, zrI nAthUrAma premI, zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina, zrI nemicanda zAstrI, DA~0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pro0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, paM0 zrI necaradAsa dozI, paM0 sukhalAlajI, muni kAMtisAgarajI, zrI puNyavijayajI, zrI jinavijayajI Adi kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai / ina vareNya vivecakoM evaM ciMtakoM kI prakAzita evaM aprakAzita-donoM prakAra kI / upalabdha sAmagrI kA adhyayana lekhaka ne kiyA hai| 3. prastuta viSaya meM zodha-saMbhAvanAeM isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prastuta pravandha kA vipaya maulika evaM gavepaNA kI sambhAvanAoM se pUrNa hai| ye sambhAvanAeM jahAM eka ora zodhArthI ko nasaMkhya kRtiyoM va kRtikAroM ko prakAza meM lAne kI mora prerita karatI pratIta hotI haiM, vahIM dUsarI aura unake sAmUhika mUlyAMkana kA dizA-nirdeza bhI karatI haiN|

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bhUmikA khaNDa 4. prastuta adhyayana kI maryAdAeM gujarAta ke jaina kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA kA adhyayana karane ke pUrva nimnalikhita bAtoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kara lenA adhika samIcIna hogA(1) kaviyoM evaM kRtiyoM se sambandhita uddharaNa sadaiva hastalikhita athavA mudrita mUlagranthoM se hI liye gaye haiN| gujarAtI vidvAnoM dvArA sampAdita granthoM se kAvya paMktiyoM aura padoM ko pATha kI dRSTi se yathAvat svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| pAThazuddhi kI anadhikAra ceSTA meM ulajhanA lekhaka ne upayukta nahIM smjhaa| lagabhaga sabhI sthAnoM para diye gaye san-saMvat prAyaH vidvAnoM ke matAnusArahI haiM, inakA nirNaya karanA merA pratipAdya nahIM hai| kAla nirdhAraNa ke sambandha meM bhI yathAsambhava satarkatA rakhI gaI hai, aura . jahA~ kahIM Avazya* - katA pratIta huI hai vidvAnoM ke matoM ko yathAvat kahanA hI ucita samajhA gayA hai / prakaraNa 2 aura 3 meM kaviyoM ke sAmane diye gaye samvat adhikAMzataH unakI upasthiti ke kAla ke sUcaka haiM / jaina-gurjara kavi se merA abhiprAya hai-jo jaina dharmI parivAra meM janme ho athavA jaina dharma meM dIkSita huA ho| jisakA janma gujarAta meM huA ho / jisane apanI sAdhanA evaM pracAra-vihAra kA kSetra gujarAta cunA ho athavA jo gujarAta kI bhUmi se sampRkta na hokara bhI gujarAtI ke sAtha hindI meM kAvya racanA karatA rahA ho / (4) dharma aura darzana merA viSaya nahIM hai / AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie usakA * adhyayana yA vizleSaNa kAvya tattva kI bhUmikA ke svarUpa meM hI kiyA gayA hai| -(5) bhaugolika dRSTi se gujarAta kI sImAe~ isa prakAra haiM-uttara meM banAsa, dakSiNa meM damaNagaMgA, pUrva meM arAvalI aura sahyAdri giri mAlAeM tathA pazcima meM kaccha kI khAr3I aura aravasAgara / aitihAsika pariprekSya meM dekhane se gujarAta kI rAjanItika sImAoM meM samaya samaya para mAravAr3a kA vRhad aMza ( 11vIM zatI) tathA mevAr3a kA kucha aMza samAviSTa huA dikhAI par3atA hai / - gujarAta pradeza ke AdhAra para isa pradeza kI bhApA kA nAmakaraNa gujarAtI haA hai / bhASA kI dRSTi se isa pradeza kI sImAeM adhika vistRta haiN| ataH vyApaka artha meM gujarAtI bhASA bhApI kSetra ko bhI gujarAta kahA jAtA hai| bhApA kI dRSTi se

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jana gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA uttara gujarAta kI sImA zirohI aura mAravAr3a taka pahuMcatI hai| isameM siMdha kA registAna tathA kaccha kA registAna bhI yA jAtA hai / dakSiNa gujarAta kI sImA damaNa gaMgA aura thANA jilA taka aura pUrvI gujarAta kI sImA gharamapura se pAlanapura ke pUrva taka mAnI jAtI hai|' isa prakAra gujarAta kA bhApAkIya vistAra adhika vyApaka hai| - (6) prastuta pravandha meM "hindI" zabda kA prayoga vyApaka artha meM kiyA gayA hai / AcArya hajArIprasAda jI ne bhI "hindI" zabda kA prayoga eka rUpA bhASA ke lie na batAkara eka bhApA paramparA ke lie batAyA hai|2 hindI rAjasthAna, paMjAba, uttara pradeza, vihAra tathA madhya pradeza ke vizAla bhUbhAga kI bhASA hai| isakI vibhApAoM meM rAjasthAnI, avadhI, brajabhASA aura khar3I bolI mukhya haiM / ye cAra bhApAe apane meM samRddha evaM svataH astitva rakhatI huI bhI rASTrabhASA ke sudRr3ha siMhAsana kI AdhAra stambha banI huI haiN| hindI kA vistAra atyadhika vyApaka hai-apabhraMza, DiMgala, avahaTTha mAdi bhASAoM kA bhI hindI meM samAveza kara vaMgAla ke bauddha-siddhoM ke padoM, rAjasthAna ke prazasti kAvyoM aura maithila-kokila vidyApati ke padoM ko hamane apanA liyA hai isI prakAra paMjAva, gujarAta, mahArASTra tathA vaMgAla ke santoM kI sadhukkar3I vANI ko bhI hindI nAma se hI abhihita kiyA gayA hai / urdU bhI hindI kI hI eka viziSTa zailI hai| hindI ke isa vyApaka artha ko dRSTi samakSa rakhakara hI hindI kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM majita tathA prAdezika prabhAvoM se prabhAvita jaina-gurjara kaviyoM ke sAhitya ke lie "hindI" zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 5. prastAvita yogadAna . prastuta prabandha kI maulikatA, upalabdhi tathA usake mahattva ke sambandha meM eka-do zabda kaha denA aprAsaMgika na hogA viSaya se sambandhita samasta prApta sAmagrI kA vidhivat adhyayana kara use vaijJAnika paddhati se vargIkRta karake usakI samAcolanA karane kA yaha merA apanA evaM maulika prayAsa hai| 1. gujarAta mane enu sAhitya, zrI kara mA0 munzI, pR0 1, 2 2. hindI sAhitya; A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR02

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bhUmikA khaNDa 27 / __ prastuta pravandha meM 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatI ke 81 jana-gurjara kaviyoM tathA unakI lagabhaga 274 hindI kRtiyoM kA sAmAnya paricaya dete hue unakA samagra rUpa se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| ina kaviyoM tathA kRtiyoM ke sAhityocita mUlyAMkana kA bhI yaha merA sarvaprathama evaM maulika prayAsa hai| prastuta pravandha meM maiMne na kevala aneka kaviyoM tathA unakI kaI kRtiyoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA prayatna kiyA hai apitu jJAta tathyoM kA punarIkSaNa va punarAkhyAna karane tathA sAhitya kI TUTI huI kar3iyoM ko jor3ane kA bhI bharasaka prayatna kiyA hai / . yoM bhI hindI ko rASTrabhASA mAna lene para, vibhinna pradezoM meM usake vikhare sUtroM ko saMkalita karake hindI bhASA-sAhitya kI samagratA kA bodha karAne vAle ye kSetrIya anusaMghAnAtmaka prayAsa, samprati vighaTanakArI pravRttiyoM ke bIca, bhArata kI rASTrIya sAMskRtika ekatA ko banAye rakhane vAlI zaktiyoM ke saMkalpa ko na kevala dRr3ha karege balki apanA bhAvAtmaka yogadAna, bhI krege| 6. prakaraNa vibhAjana aura prakaraNa-saMkSipti / . pUrA pravandha tIna khaNDoM aura sAta prakaraNoM meM vibhAjita hai / tIna khaNDa haiM bhUmikA khaNDa; paricaya khaNDa aura AlocanA khaNDa / prathama bhUmikA khaNDa ke "praveza" zIrSaka ke antargata viSaya cayana, usakI preraNA, nAmakaraNa, mahatva, maryAdA tathA viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa anyAnya dRSTiyoM se kiyA gayA hai / anta meM prApta mAmagrI tathA isa 'pravandha dvArA maulika yogadAna kA nirdeza bhI kara diyA gayA hai / . prathama prakaraNa meM Alocya-yugIna kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza aura pRSThabhUmi para eka vihaMgama dRSTi se vicAra prastuta hai| .. paricaya khaNDa ke prakaraNa 2 aura 3 meM 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatI ke jaina-gurjara kaviyoM aura unakI kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| inameM se adhikAMza kaviyoM -kA sambandha gujarAta aura rAjasthAna donoM hI prAMtoM se rahA hai| AlocanA khaNDa ke prakaraNa 4, 5, 6 aura 7 meM samagradRSTi se jaina-gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA kA vistAra se parIkSaNa samAviSTa hai / prathama inake bhAvapakSa kA phira inake kalApakSa meM bhApA tathA vividha kAvyarUpoM kI vistRta AlocanA hai| hindI ko apanI vANI kA mAdhyama banAkara ina jaina-gurjara santa kaviyoM ne bhakti, vairAgya evaM jJAna kA upadeza dekara kAvya, itihAsa aura dharma-sAdhanA kI jo triveNI vahAI hai-usameM Aja bhI hama unakI zatazata bhAvomiyoM kA spaMdana anubhava kara sakate hai| inakI bhApA sarala evaM pravAhapUrNa thii| inhone kaI chanda vividha rAga girAniyoM meM prayukta kiye the| ye alaMkAroM meM maryAdAzIla bane rahe / alaMkAroM ke

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prakaraNa 1 Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza tathA pRSThabhUmi 1. jaina dharma sAdhanA, jaina dharma kI prAcInatA, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina saMskRti kA . sthAna, jainadarzana ke pramukha siddhAMta, sampradAyabheda aura usake kAraNa, jainadharma kI dArzanika AdhyAtmika cetanA para dRSTipAta / . 2. jaina sAhitya kA svarUpa, mahattva tathA usakI pramukha pravRttiyAM, gUrjara jaina sAhityakAra aura unake hindI meM racanA karane ke kaarnn| .. 3. pRSThabhUmi ( 17vIM tathA 18vIM zatI) (ka) aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi (kha) rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi (ga) dhArmika pRSThabhUmi (gha) sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi _ (ca) sAhityika pRSThabhUmi

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza praveza : . prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti apane vividha raMgoM meM raMgI huI hai, usameM aneka dharma-paramparAoM ke raMga mizrita haiM / bhAratIya saMskRti meM pradhAnataH do paramparAebrAhmaNa aura zramaNa-vizeSa dhyAna AkarSita karatI haiN| brAhmaNa yA vaidika meM paramparA ke bIca maulika antara hai / brAhmaNa-paramparA vaiSamya para pratiSThita hai jabaki zramaNa paramparA sAmya aura samatA para AdhArita hai / brAhmaNa paramparA ne stuti, prArthanA tathA yajJAdi kriyAoM para adhika bala diyA, javaki zramaNa paramparA ne zrama para / / prAkRta zabda "samaNa" ke tIna saMskRta rUpa hote haiM-zramaNa, samana aura zamana / ' zramaNa saMskRti kA AdhAra inhIM tIna zabdoM para hai / zramaNa zabda "zrama" dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha mukti ke lie parizrama karanA hai / yaha zabda isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki vyakti apanA vikAsa apane hI zrama dvArA kara sakatA hai / samana kA artha hai samatA bhAva arthAt sabhI ko Atmavat samajhanA / sabhI ke prati samabhAva rakhanA / rAgadvepAdi se pare rahakara zana aura mina ke prati samabhAva rakhanA tathA jAtipAMti ke bhedoM ko na mAnanA Adi / zamana kA artha hai apanI vRttiyoM ko zAnta rakhanA / yahI zramaNa-saMskRti kI dhurI "brahma" hai, jisake lie yajJa pUjA, stuti Adi Avazyaka haiN| jaina dharma isI zramaNa saMskRti kA eka bhAga hai / Aja jise jaina dharma kahA jAtA hai vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM nimrantha nAma se pahacAnA jAtA thA / yaha zramaNa dharma bhI kahalAtA hai / antara itanA hI hai ki eka mAtra nigraMtha hI zramaNa dharma nahIM hai / zramaNa dharma kI aneka zAkhA prazAkhAe thIM, jisameM koI vAhya tapa para, koI dhyAna para, to koI mAtra cittazuddhi para adhika jora detI thI, kintu sAmya yA samatA savakA samAna dhyeya thA / zramaNa paramparA kI jisa zAkhA ne saMsAra tyAga aura aparigraha para adhika jora diyA aura ahiMsA para sUkSsa dRSTi se vicAra kiyA vaha zAkhA nigraMtha nAma se prasiddha huI jo vAda meM jaina dharma bhI kahalAne lgii| jaina dharma sAdhanA : jaina-dharma-sAdhanA meM dharma svayaM zreSTha maMgala rUpa hai| ahiMsA, sayama aura tapa hI dharma hai / aise dharma meM jinakA mana ramatA hai, unako devatA bhI namana karate hai| dazavakAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai1. bhAratIya saMskRti phI do dhArAe--DaoN0 indracandra zAstrI, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, pR0 4 /

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza dhammo maMgalakuvikaTaM, ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| . . devAvi taM namasaMti, jassa dhamme sapAmaNo' jaina dharma sabhI prANiyoM ke sukha pUrvaka jIne ke adhikAra ko svIkAra karatA hai / sabhI prANiyoM ko jIvana priya hai, sukha acchA lagatA hai, duHkha pratikUla hai / isa vAta ko AcArAMga sUtra meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai-- sacce pANA piyAuyA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA / ' (a0 1, uddezya 2, gA0 3) ahiMsA jaina dharma kA prANa hai / yadyapi sabhI dhArmika paramparAoM meM ahiMsA tattva ko nyUnAdhika rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, para jaina dharma ne isa tattva para jitanA vala diyA hai aura use jitanA vyApaka banAyA hai, anya paramparAoM meM na to itanA bala hI diyA gayA hai aura na use itane vyApaka rUpa se svIkAra hI kiyA hai / jo loga Atmasukha ke lie kisI bhI jIva kI hatyA karate haiM yA use kaSTa pahuMcAte haiM, ve sabhI ajJAna aura moha meM phaMse haiN| unheM apane kiye kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| paramezvara yA anya koI vyakti apane kiye karmoM ke pariNAma se mukti nahIM dilA * sktaa| jaina dharma ne svAvalaMbana para jora diyA hai / koI bhI jIva svayaM ukAnti kara sakatA hai| koI sthAna kisI jAti yA vyakti vizeSa ke lie nizcita aura anya ke lie vajita nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM duHkha kA pramukha kAraNa karma mAnA gayA hai| bhAtmA karma ke AvaraNa se AveSTita ho jAtI hai ataH mAnava sacce sukha kA rAstA bhUla jAtA hai aura zarIra ke prati usakA mahattva bar3ha jAtA hai / vaha zArIrika sukhoM ko hI mahattva detA huA bhrama meM phaMsA rahatA hai| apane sukha ke lie dUsaroM ko kaNTa dene lagatA hai| dUsaroM ko duHkha dene se koI sukhI nahIM banatA / jaina darzana ke anusAra dUsaroM ko duHkhI banA kara sukha prApti kA prayatna ajJAna mUlaka evaM anaucityapUrNa hai / isa ajJAna ke kAraNa mAnava ke duHkhoM meM to vRddhi hotI hI hai, janma-maraNa kI avadhi bhI bar3ha jAtI hai / ataH AtmA ko karma ke bandhana se mukta karanA Avazyaka hai / karma-AvaraNa se alipta AtmA meM prasupta zaktiyAM jAgrata ho uThatI haiM, tabhI manuSya sacce sukha kA svarUpa pahacAna kara zArIrika sukha-duHkhoM meM viveka karanA sIkhatA hai / ajJAna, tRSNA tathA kapAyoM dvArA nirmita duHkha se mukta ho anyoM dvArA diye hue duHkhoM ko dhairyapUrvaka sahana karane kI zakti pA letA hai / vaha duHkhoM se vihvala yA kSubdha nahIM bntaa| 1. dazavakAlika sUna-adhyAya 1, gA0 1 - 2. AcArAMga sUtra-madhyAya 1, uddezya 2, gA03 .

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 33 karma vandhana se mukta mAnava ko zepa Ayu to bhoganI par3atI hai, vaha nAma se bhI pukArA jAtA hai aura jaba taka zarIra hai taba taka vedanA sahanI par3atI hai| kintu jaba Ayu, nAma, gotna tathA vedanIya karmoM kA AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai taba sAdhaka ko siddhilAbha hotA hai, vaha saccA Atma-svarUpa pahacAna letA hai aura saba prakAra ke bandhanoM se sadA ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai / jainoM kI dRSTi se yahI mAnavatA kA pUrNa vikAsa hai, yahI mAnava-jIvana kI antima siddhi aura sArthakatA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra siddha aura tIrthakara isa mAnavatA ke prasthApaka aura usake vikAsa-caka ko gati dene vAle haiM / svayaM kI mAnavatA kA vikAsa karate hue siddhilAbha karane vAle siddha haiM aura apanI mAnavatA ke sAtha sAtha dUsaroM meM mAnavatA jagA kara unakA saccA mArga darzana karane vAle tIrthakara haiN| tIrthakara tIrthoM " kI prasthApanA kara prANimAna ke prati apane sadbhAva tathA. sahAnubhUtimaya prema kI varSA karate hae mAnavatA ke sArvatrika vikAsa kA mArga prazasta karate haiN| "jana" zabda kA artha hai - "jina" ke anuyAyI aura "jina" zabda kA artha hai-jisane rAga-dvIpa ko jIta liyA hai / jaina dharma meM aise, mahAtmAoM ko tIrthaMkara kahA hai / unheM arhata athavA pUjya bhI kahA jAtA hai / jaina dharmAnusAra 24 tIrthaMkara jaina dharma kI prAcInatA : Aja anyAnya vidvAnoM dvArA jaina dharma ko eka svatantra astitva meM jIvita, cirakAla se puSTa aura Adarza dharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai / eka bhrAnta dhAraNA yaha bhI pracalita thI ki jaina dharma ke pravartaka bhagavAna mahAvIra the-arthAta jaina dharma kevala 2500 varSoM se hI astitva prApta hai| aba yaha dhAraNA nirmUla siddha ho cukI hai| jaina dharma Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA pravartita dharma hai| Aja isa mata kA samarthana aneka rUpoM meM ho rahA hai| . vaidika dharma ke kucha prAcIna granthoM se bhI siddha hotA hai ki usa samaya jaina dharma astitva meM thaa| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM bhI jaina dharma kA ullekha huA hai| jaina dharmAnusAra vIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI munisunata svAmI ke samaya meM rAmacandrajI kA honA siddha hai / ' mahAbhArata ke Adi parva ke tRtIya adhyAya meM 23 veM aura 26 veM zloka meM eka jaina muni kA ullekha huA hai| isI taraha zAnti parva meM (mokSa dharma adhyAya236 zloka -6) jainoM ke 'saptabhagI naya' kA varNana hai| isa mahAkAvya ke bhISma parva ke 6 veM adhyAya ke zloka 5-6 meM saMjaya kI bhArata stuti meM apabha kA ullekha huA hai / isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki prathama jaina 1. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura, DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina kA lekha, pR0 13

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariNa tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI prasiddhi bhAratavarSa ke eka Aya kSatriya mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM bhArata yuddha ke samaya taka huI thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki jina-jina logoM ne isa mahAvanya ke nirmANa tathA saMvarddhana meM yoga diyA ve RSabha ke nAmollekha ke bocitya kI upekSA nahIM kara sake / 34 kucha itihAsakAroM kI aisI mAnyatA hai, jo jainoM ko svIkRta nahIM, ki mahAbhArata IsA se tIna hajAra varSa pahale taiyAra huA thA aura rAmacandrajI mahAbhArata se eka hajAra varSa pUrva vidyamAna the / "brahmamUna" meM "naikasminnasaMbhavAt " kahakara veda vyAsa ne jainoM ke syAdavAda para AkSepa kiyA hai / "brahmANDapurANa" aura " skanda purANa" - meM bhI ikSvAMku vaMza meM utpanna nAbhi rAjA aura marudevI ke putra RSabha kA ullekha va namana kiyA gayA hai / " Rgveda meM bhI vRSabhanAtha samrATa ko akhaNDa pRthvI maNDala kA sAra rUpa pRthvItala kA bhUSaNa, divya-jJAna dvArA AkAza ko nApane vAlA kahakara unase jagarakSaka vratoM ke pracAra kI prArthanA kI gaI / jaina dharma kI prAcInatA DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana ne bhI svIkAra kI hai / unhoMne likhA hai- "bhAgavata purANa se spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka RSabhadeva kI pUjA IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM hotI thI / isake pramANa bhI upalabdha haiM / nissadeha jaina dharma vardhamAna athavA pArzvanAtha se pUrva pracalita thA / yajurveda meM RSabha, ajita aura ariSTanemi kA ullekha hai"; 3 pro0 jayacanda vidyAlaMkAra ne likhA hai - "jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki unakA dharma bahuta prAcIna hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pahale 23 tIrthaMkara hue haiM / isa mAnyatA meM tathya hai / ye tIrthaMkara anaitihAsika vyakti nahIM the / bhArata kA prAcIna itihAsa utanA hI jaina hai jitanA vaidika | 4 sArAMzataH IsvI pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI do mukhya dhArAe~ astitva meM thI - eka yajJa tathA bhautika sukhoM para bala dene vAlI brAhmaNa paramparA aura 1. " iha hi ikSvAkukula vaMzodbhavena nAbhisutena maradevyAH nandanena mahAdevena ripameNa daza prakAro dharmaH svayamevAcIrNaH kevala jJAna lAbhAcca pravartitaH / " maharSi vyAsa racita - brahmANDa purANa | niraMjana nirAkAra ripamantu mahAripim // skanda purANa | 2. AdityA tvamasi Adityasad AsIda asta zrAdadyA vRSabho tarikSa jamimIte vArimANaM / pRthivyAH AsIt vizvA bhuvanAni samAvizve tAni varuNasya vratAni / RRgveda - 30 / a0 3 / 3. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, Indian Philosophy, Vol. IP. 287 4. bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA, bhAga 1, jayacanda vidyAlaMkAra, pR0 343

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA dUsarI nivRtti tathA mokSa para bala dene vAlI zramaNa paramparA / jaina dharma zramaNa paraMparA kI eka pradhAna zAkhA hai / isI zramaNa paramparA ke eka sampradAya ko bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke samaya meM nirgrantha nAma se pahacAnA gayA, jo bAda meM jaina dharma ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| ataH jaina dharma kI paramparA vaidika yuga se avichinna rUpa se calI A rahI hai| vaidika sAhitya meM yatiyoM ke ullekha Aye haiM, jo zramaNa paramparA ke sAdhu the / Rgveda meM vrAtyoM ke ullekha Aye haiM / ' unakA varNana atharveda meM bhI hai, jo vaidika vidhi se pratikUla AcaraNa karate the / manusmRti meM licchavI, nAtha, malla Adi kSatriyoM ko vrAtya mAnA gayA hai / ye bhI zramaNa paramparA ke pratinidhi the| saMkSepataH vaidika saskRti ke sAtha zramaNa saMskRti bhI bhArata meM svatantra rUpa se cala rahI thI jo kAlAntara meM nirgrantha aura jaina dharma ke rUpa meM apanA astitva banAye rhii| , bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina saMskRti kA sthAna : bhAratIya saMskRti to usa mahAsamudra kI taraha rahI hai, jisameM aneka saMskRtisrotasviniyAM vilIna ho gaI haiM / isake aMcala meM Astika aura nAstika sabhI prakAra ke paraspara virodhI vicAra bhI phale-phUle haiM / isa deza meM yugoM se vaidika, jaina aura bauddha dharmo ke sAtha anyAya dharma bhI eka sAtha zAntipUrvaka calate A rahe haiN| - hama kaha cuke haiM ki prAcIna kAla se bhAratIya saMskRti mukhya rUpa se do prakAra kI vicAradhArA meM pravAhita rhii| brAhmaNa saMskRti aura zramaNa saMskRti / ina donoM saMskRtiyoM ke do paraspara virodhI dRSTikoNa rahe / eka varga prAcIna yajJa aura karmakANDoM kA anuyAyI rhaa| isakI saMskRti kA pravAha vAhya kriyA-kANDa pradhAna bhautika jIvana kI ora vizeSa gatizIla rahA / dUsare varga ne zramaNa saMskRti ko apanAkara dharma aura usake svarUpa ko punaH mUrtita kiyaa| Atmonnati ke lie svAzrayI aura puruSArthI banane kI preraNA dene vAlI sAMskRtika paramparA hI zramaNa saMskRti hai| isameM svayaM jiyo aura dUsare ko jIne do kA mantra hai / varga, varNa. yA jAti-pAMti, U~ca-nIca kA yahA~ koI bheda nahIM, zuddha AcAra-vicAra kI pradhAnatA avazya hai / isI saMskRti meM AcAragata pA~ca vratoM kA-satya, ahiMsA, macIrya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA-atyadhika mahatva hai / yaha zramaNa saskRti bhAratIya saMskRti kA hI eka aga hai| aura isI zramaNa saMskRti ko jaina dharma ne apane sAdhuoM ke liye apnaayaa| bhAratIya saMskRti kI samanvayavAdI dRSTi isa saMskRti kA mUla hai / sadAcAra, tapa aura ahiMsA kI viveNI vahAkara bhAratIya saMskRti ko adhika mAnavatAvAdI 1. Rgveda 72115 tathA 1066 / 3 2. manusmRti, yadhyAya 10

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza banAne kA kArya, jaina. zramaNoM ke prayatnoM kA phala hai| yaha samanvaya darzana, sAdhanA tathA upAsanA ke kSetra meM bhI pragaTa huA hai / syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda ke sAtha-sAtha gItA meM varNita ahiMsaka yajJoM kI dena isI samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa kA pratiphala hai / punarjanmavAda, karmaphalavAda aura saMskAravAda para adhika bala dekara jana saMskRti ne bhAratIya saMskRti kI pramukha vizeSatAnoM ko anAyAsa grahaNa kara liyA hai, sAtha hI mukti ke liye tapa, sAdhanA aura sadAcAra ke sAtha-sAtha sanyAsa kI AvazyakatA bhI pratiSThita kI hai| hindI aura gujarAtI sAhitya to isake. vizeSa RNI kahe jA sakate haiN| apanI dArzanika cintanadhArA bhI adhika vaijJAnika tathA yuktisaMgata banAye rakhane kA kArya jaina muniyoM aura AcAryoM ne kiyA hai / samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa ye . kabhI asahiSNu nahIM vane / sArAMzataH jaina saMskRti apanI sadAcAritA dvArA bhAratIya saMskRti ko samaya-samaya para adhika dIptimaya aura vikRti rahita karane meM sahAyaka rahI hai| jaina-darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta : darzana aura dharma bhinna-bhinna vipaya hote hue bhI donoM kA sambandha abhinna hai / pratyeka dharma kA apanA darzana hotA hai jisakA vyApaka prabhAva dharma para par3atA rahatA hai / dharma ko samajhane ke lie darzana kA jJAna Avazyaka hai / jaina dharma kA bhI apanA eka darzana hai / isa darzana meM AcAra-vicAra ko lekara do prakAra ke pramukha siddhAMtoM ke darzana prApta hote haiM-(1) AcAra se sambandha siddhAMta meM-Atma tattva, karma siddhAMta, loka tattva kA samAveza hotA hai / tathA (2) vicAra pakSa se sambandha rakhane vAlA anekAntavAda yA vibhajjavAda hai, jo jaina darzana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai| isI anekAntavAda kA dUsarA nAma syAdvAda hai| ina dArzanika siddhAMtoM kA saMkSipta paricaya de denA prAsaMgika hogaa| Atma-tattva : jaina darzana dvaitavAdI hai / vizva eka satya vastu hai| usameM cetanAyukta jIvoM ke sAtha jar3a vastueM bhI haiM / jIva aneka haiN| upagega jIva kA lakSaNa hai / 3 bodha rUpa 1. zrImad bhagayad gItA, 4126-28 2. "syAt" ityavyayamanakAntadyotakam / tataH "syAvAdaH" anekAntavAdaH // 2 // -siddhahema zabdAnugAmana-hemacandra 3. "upayogo lakSaNam"-tatvArtha mUtra 18

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 37 vyApAra upayoga hai / vodha kA kAraNa cetanA zakti hai| yaha cetanA zakti AtmA meM hI hai, jar3a meM nahIM / ataH jar3a meM upayoga nahIM hotaa| AtmA ke ananta guNa paryAya haiM unameM upayoga mukhya hai| AtmA svayaM zAzvata hai, usakI utpatti aura vinAza nahIM hotaa| eka AtmA dUsarI AtmA se ota-prota bhI nahIM hotii| bhAsakti ke kAraNa bhI usameM parivartana nahIM hotA / paryAya rUpa se hI usameM avirata parivartana hotA rahatA hai / manuSya, deva, pazu-pakSI Adi ke Atma-tattva azuddha dazA ke haiN| raMga yA raMgIna padArtha DAlane se pAnI azuddha hotA hai aura dRzya banatA hai vaise hI AtmA kArya ke saMyoga se dRzya vanatI hai| zuddha svarUpa meM AtmA adRzya aura arUpI hai| AtmA rAga dveSAdi ke kAraNa jar3a padArtha se yA karma se vaddha hotI hai| ataH saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatI rahatI hai| usakA mUla svabhAva urdhvagamanI hai| jaise hI vaha karmo se mukta hotI hai vaha urdhvagati ko prApta hotI hai aura loka ke aMtima bhAga meM sthita hotI hai| usake lie zAstroM meM tumvI kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| jaise mATI ke AvaraNa se yukta tuba pAnI meM DUba jAtA hai para mATI ke AvaraNa se mukta hote hI vaha pAnI para tairane lagatA hai usI prakAra AtmA karmoM ke AvaraNa se baddha hokara -saMsAra rUpI sAgara meM DUba jAtI hai para ina karmo ke AvaraNa se mukta hote hI vaha apanI svAbhAvika urdhvagamana kI sthiti ko prApta hotI hai aura lokAkAza ke aMtima bhAga meM jAkara sthita hotI hai / yahI mokSa hai jise jaina darzana meM siddha zilA kahA hai| karma siddhAnta : saba jIvAtmAe~ samAna hai phira bhI unameM vaiSamya dekhane meM AtA hai / yaha vaipamya karmo kA kAraNa hai| jaisA karma vaisI avasthA / jIva acchA yA burA karma karane meM svatantra hai| vaha apane vartamAna aura bhAvI kA svayaM nirmAtA hai| karmavAda kahatA hai ki vartamAna kA nirmANa bhUta ke AdhAra para hotA hai| tInoM kAla kI pArasparika saMgati karmavAda para hI avalamvita hai| yahI punarjanma ke vicAra kA bAdhAra hai| vastutaH ajJAna aura rAgadveSa hI karma hai| brAhmaNa paramparAoM meM ise avidyA kahA hai / jaina paribhASA meM yaha bhAvakarma hai / yaha bhAvakarma loka meM parivyApta sUkSmAti sUkSma bhautika paramANuoM ko AkRSTa karatA hai aura use viziSTa rUpa arpita karatA 1. jaha paMka-leva rahio jalopari ThAi lauo sahasA / taha sayala-kamma-mukko logagge ThAi jIvo // udyotagari viracitA-kuvalayamAlA / 2. (ka) bhagavatI sUtra-sthAnAMga sUtra / (4) dazavakAlika-adhyAya 4 gAthA 25 //

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mAlocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza bala diyA hai / buddha kA vibhajjavAda aura madhyama mArga bhI vitrAra pradhAna sAmbadRSTi kA phala hai / buddha ne apane ko vibhajjavAdI kahA hai| jaina AgamoM ne mahAvIra ko bhI vibhajjavAdI kahA hai| vibhajjavAda kA artha hai pRthaka karaNa pUrvaka matya-asatya kA nirUpaNa va satyoM kA yathAvat samanvaya krnaa| isake ThIka ulTA ekAMzavAda hai jo solaha Ane kisI vastu ko acchI yA burI kaha DAlatA hai| vibhajjavAda : vibhajjabAda meM ekAnta dRSTi kA tyAga hai / ataH vimajjavAda aura anekAnvAda tatvataH eka hI hai / anekAMta dRSTi se nayavAda tathA saptabhaMgI vicAra kA janma huA / nayavAda mUlataH bhinna-minna dRSTiyoM kA saMgrAhaka hai| jaina darzana ke anekAMta aura syAvAda ganda vastu kI aneka avasthAtmaka kintu . nizcita sthiti kA pratipAdana karate haiN| anekAMta zabda vastu kI aneka dharmatA prakaTa karatA hai, kintu vastu ke aneka dharma eka hI zabda se eka hI samaya meM nahIM kahe jA sakate, ataH syAdvAda zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha syAvAda saMdehavAda nahIM hai, parantu eka nizcita evaM udAra dRSTi se vastu ke pUrva adhyayana meM sahAyaka darzana hai| isameM ekAMta haTha nahIM hai, samanvaya kA bhAva hai / isameM sabhI dRSTiyoM kA samAdara hai aura vastu kA pUrNa pratipAdana hai / anekAMta zabda se hama vastu kI aneka dharmatA jAnate haiM aura syAdvAda dvArA usI aneka karmatAoM kA kathana karate haiN| - jaina darzana meM vastu ko samajhane kI bar3I vizeSatA usakI anekAnta dRSTi hai / isa AdhAra para pratyeka vAta apekSAkRta dRSTi se kahI jAtI hai| jaba kisI vastu ko sat kahA jAya to samajhanA cAhie ki yaha kathana usa vastu ke nijI svarUpa kI apekSA se asat hai / rAma apane pitA kI apekSA se putra hai aura apane putra kI apekSA . se pitA hai, apanI patnI kI apekSA se pati hai, apane ziSya kI apekSA se guru hai aura apane guru kI apekSA se ziSya hai / yadi hama kaheM ki rAma pitA hI hai to yaha vAta pUrNa satya nahIM, kyoMki vaha puna, pati, guru va ziSya bhI hai / ataH pratyeka bAta meM vastu kI aneka dazAoM kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie aura "hI" kA durAgraha chor3akara "bhI" kA sadAgraha rakhanA caahie| isase hamArI dRSTi meM vistAra AtA hai aura sAtha hI vastu kI pUrNatA bhI lakSita hotI hai / syAdavAda yA anekAntavAda kI dRSTi * jIvana ke nAnA saMghoM ko dUra kara zAnti sthApanA meM sahayoga detI hai| . 1. majjhimanikAya-sumasuta 156 2. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 14122

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. jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA - sampradAya bheda aura usake kAraNa : - pratyeka dharma meM sampradAya, upa-sampradAya, saMgha, paMtha Adi kA prasthApana hotA rahA hai / jaina dharma bhI isakA apavAda nhiiN| isa dharma meM bhI digambara, zvetAmbara, sthAnakavAsI, tAranapaMthI Adi aneka sampradAya haiN| jaina dharma ke pramukha sampradAya do haiM- zvetAmbara aura digambara / inameM eka sAdhAraNa-sI saiddhAMtika vAta paraM matabheda huA thA jo Age calakara khAI bana gyaa| zvetAmbara mAnyatA : bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA vyavasthita saMkalana unake pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti aura sudharmA nAmaka gaNadharoM ne kiyA / yaha saMkalana Age calakara "dvAdazAMgI" kahalAyA arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upadezavANI "bAraha aMgoM" meM vibhakta kI gii| "mahAvIra nirvANa kI dvitIya zatAbdI meM ( candragupta maurya ke samaya meM ) magadha meM eka dvAdazavarSIya bhayaMkara akAla pdd'aa| akAla se pIr3ita ho tathA bhaviSya meM aneka vighnoM kI AzaMkA se AcArya bhadrabAhu apane bahuta se ziSyoM sahita karNATaka deza meM cale gaye / jo loga magadha meM raha gaye unake netA (gaNadhara bhadrabAhu ke ziSya) sthUlabhadra hue|' - - akAla kI bhayaMkaratA meM AcArya sthUlabhadra ko "dvAdazAMgI" ke lupta ho jAne kI AzaMkA huii| unhoMne pATilaputra meM zramaNa saMgha kI eka sabhA Amantrita kii| isameM sarvasammati se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA gyAraha aMgoM meM saMkalana kiyaa| vArahaveM dRSTivAda aMga ke caudaha bhAgoM meM se atima cAra bhAga (pUrva) jo ziSyoM ko vismRta ho gaye the, saMkalita na ho sake / akAla samApta hone para jaba-bhadrabAhu apane saMgha sahita magadha lauTe to unhoMne sthUlabhadra ke saMgha meM apane saMgha se kAphI aMtara pAyA / sthUlabhadra ke saMgha ke sAdhu kaTivastra, daNDa tathA cAdara Adi kA upayoga karane lage the| bhojanAdi meM bhI paryApta aMtara A gayA thaa| isa viparItatA ko dekhakara AcArya bhadrabAhu ne sthUlabhadra ko samajhAyA ki akAla aura dezakAla kI Apatti meM apavAda veSa kA vidhAna bhale humA, aba Apa apane saMgha ko punaH digambara rUpa dIjie / para ve na mAne, ApasI tanAtanI ne nikaTatA kI apekSA dUrI ko hI bar3hAvA diyA / pariNAma yaha huA ki digambara * aura zvetAmbara do sampradAya bana gaye / 1. premI bhabhinandana granyaH 10 hajArIprasAda dvivedI pR0 448

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42 Alocya kavitA kA mAmUhika pariveza / digambara mAnyatA: digambara bhI thor3e bahuta atara ke sAtha lagabhaga inhIM kAraNoM ko sampradAya bhedu / kA mUla mAnate haiM / lekina kayA prasaMga bhinna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra vANI kA saMkalana prathama indrabhUti gaNadhara ne kiyA phira kramazaH sudharmAsvAmI, jambUsvAmI baura inase anya muniyoM ne mahAvIra svAmI kA adhyayana kiyaa| yaha paramparA mahAvIra ke pazcAt - bhI calatI rhii| tadanantara pA~ca zrutakevalI hue jo aMga aura pUrvo ke jJAtA the| bhadravAhu aMtima zrutakevalI the / mahAvIra svAmI se vAsaTha varSa pazcAt jambUsvAmI aura unase sau varSa pazcAt bhadravAha kA samaya nizcita hai| isa prakAra digambara mAnyatA meM mahAvIra ke pazcAt eka sI vAsaTha varSa taka mahAvIra vANI ke samasta aMgoM aura pUrvo kA astitva rahA / bhadrabAhu kA samaya hI digambara mora zvetAmbara bheda kA samaya, donoM sampradAyoM ko mAnya hai| dhIre-dhIre ina donoM sampradAyoM meM bhinnatA pradarzita karane vAlI AcAra-vicAra sambandhI aneka bAteM A gaI haiM / zvetAmvara sampradAya kI mAnyatAe~ isa prakAra haiM strImukti, zUdramukti, savastramukti, grahastha dazA meM mukti, tIrthaMkara mallinAtha strI the, mahAvIra kA garbhaharaNa, zUdra ke ghara se muni bAhAra le sakatA hai, bharata canavartI ko apane ghara meM kaivalya prApti, gyAraha aMgoM kA astitva, muniyoM ke caudaha upakaraNa, kevalI kA kavalAhAra, kevalI kA nIhAra, alaMkAra tathA kAMchIvAlI pratimA kA pUjana, mahAvIra kA vivAha-kanyA utpatti, sAdhu kA aneka gharoM se bhikSA lenA, maldevI kA hAthI para car3he hue muktigamana, mahAvIra kA tejovezyA se upasarga Adi / isa prakAra anya bhI kaI bheda rekhAe~ haiM, jinheM digambara sampradAya nahIM maantaa| zvetAmbara bhagavAna kI rAjyAvasthA kI upAsanA karate haiM to digamvara unakI sarva-parigraha rahita vairAgyAvasthA kI / zvetAmbaroM kA mAnanA hai ki bhagavAna RSabha aura mahAvIra ne sacelaka (vastra sahita) aura acelaka (vastra rahita) donoM muni dharmoM kA upadeza diyA thaa| digambara yaha bAta nahIM mAnate / unake zAstroM meM to cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroM ne acelaka dharma kA hI upadeza diyA hai, aisA varNana hai| digambara sAdhu apane sAtha kevala morapaMkha kI eka pIchI ( jIvAdi ko dUra karane ke lie ) aura eka kamaNDalu ( mala-mUtrAdi kI vAdhA dUra karane ke lie) 1. tenendrabhUti gaNinA tadivyavaco yatrudhyata tattvena / granyo pUrvanAmnA pratiracito yugapadaparAhaNe // 66 / / -ataavtaar|

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA rakhate haiM / ye sAdhu nagna rahate haiM / dina meM eka bAra khar3e rahakara hAtha meM hI bhojana karate haiN| sadA dhyAna magna rahate haiM / yaha sAdhucaryA digambaroM meM cirakAla se calI A rahI hai / parantu dezakAla janita Apatti tathA vyaktigata zaithilya ke kAraNa muniyoM meM vivAda Arambha hA, isameM muniyoM ke nivAsa-sthAna kA bhI eka prapana thaa| isake bIja to "dvAdazavIya akAla" se hI the, para dhIre-dhIre isane vyApaka rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / vanavAsa chor3a muni mandiroM aura nagaroM meM rahane lge| navamI zatI ke janAcArya guNabhadra ne isa dazA para kSobha prakaTa karate hue likhA-"bhayabhIta mRgAdi rAtri meM jaise nagaroM ke samIpa A vasate haiM, usI prakAra muni bhI kalikAla ke prabhAva se * vana chor3a nagaroM meM vasate haiM, yaha duHkha kI bAta hai|' isI zithilatAvaza caityavAsa kA Arambha huA / digambara sAdhuoM meM bhI isa pravRtti kA prabhAva avazya lakSita hotA hai / digambara sampradAya meM bhaTTAraka pada isI pravRtti kA vikasita rUpa hai| sampradAya bheda sAmAnya bAtoM ko lekara ho jAte haiN| digambara sampradAya ke mUla saMgha aura kASThA saMgha ke alaga hone kA mUla kAraNa yahI hai ki mUla saMgha ke sAdhujIvarakSA ke lie mayUra kI picchi rakhate haiM aura kANThAsaMgha ke sAdhu gopuccha ke vAloM kI "picchi rakhate haiM / mukhya uddezya to picchi ke komala hone kA thA, tAki jIvoM kI virAdhanA na ho / parantu mora picchi ke durAgraha ke kAraNa kASTAsaMgha alaga ho gayA / isake pazcAt picchi mAna ke tyAga ko lekara eka saMgha aura banA, jise ni:picchi kahA gyaa| ise mAdhura saMgha bhI kahate haiN| isI prakAra zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhI choTe-choTe matabhedoM ko lekara kharatara gaccha, tapAgaccha, A~calika, pArzvacandra gaccha, upakezagaccha Adi aneka gacchAdikoM kI utpatti huI hai| jaina dharma kI dArzanika-AdhyAtmika cetanA para dRSTipAta : bhAratIya darzana ke mukhyataH do bheda haiM-eka Astika darzana aura dUsarA nAstika darzana / veda ko pramANa mAnane vAle Astika haiM aura veda ko pramANa na mAnane vAle nAstika darzana / isa AdhAra para Astika darzana chaha mAne gaye haiM-sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizepika mImAMsA aura vedAMta / jaina, vauddha aura cArvAka kI gaNanA nAstika darzanoM meM hotI hai| isa vibhAjana kA mukhya AdhAra-"nAstiko veda nindakaH" arthAt vedanindaka sampradAya nAstika haiN| kAzikAkAra ne apane pANini sanna meM kahA hai-"paraloka meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA Astika hai aura isase viparIta mAnyatA 1. itastatazca nasyanto vibhAvaryA yathA mRgAH / '. banAd vizantyupagrAmaM kalI kapTaM tapasvinaH ||197||-aatmaanu0

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44 bAlocya kavitAM kA sAmUhika pariveza vAlA nAstika / isa AdhAra para jaina aura bauddha darzana bhI Astika haiN| jaina darzana AtmA, paramAtmA, mukti aura paraloka mAnyatA meM AsthA rakhatA hai / vauddha darzana meM bhI paraloka aura kaivalya nirvANa kI sthira mAnyatA hai| isa dRSTi se mAnna cArvAka darzana hI nAstika darzana hai zepa sabhI Astika darzanoM kI koTi meM A jAte haiM / jaina darzana kI viziSTatA usakI AtmA aura jagat ke sambandha kI maulika vicAradhArA meM hai / AcAra aura vicAra mUlaka dRSTi isakI AdhArazilA hai / AcAra ahiMsA mUlaka hai aura vicAra anekAnta dRSTi para AdhArita hone para bhI mUla dRSTi eka hI rahI hai / vicAra kSetra meM anekAnta bhI ahiMsA nAmadhArI vana jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM jaina darzana kA paricaya isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai / sRSTi ke mula meM mukhya do tatva haiM-jIva aura ajIva / isake pArasparika samparka dvArA kucha vandhanoM yA zaktiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai, jisase jIva ko vibhinna dazAoM kA anubhava hotA hai| isa samparka kI dhArA ko rokakara, usase utpanna vandhanoM ko vinaSTa kara diyA jAya to jIva apanI mukta avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana ke yahI sAta tatva haiM-jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa / jIva, ajIva tatvoM kA vivecana jaina tatvajJAna kA vipaya hai| Alava aura vaMva kI vyAkhyA karma siddhAMta meM AtI hai / saMvara aura nirjarA jaina dharma ke AkAra zAstragata vipaya hai aura mokSa jaina dharma kI dRSTi se jIvana kI sarvopari avasthA hai, jisakI prApti hI dhArmika kriyA aura AcaraNa kI aMtima pariNita hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA : samasta vizva jar3a aura cetana rUpa do sattAoM meM vibhakta hai| yaha anAdi aura ananta hai / jar3a-cetana kI isa sampUrNa sattA ko chaha dravyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / chaha dravyoM ke nAma haiM-jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / pratyeka dravya meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| yaha parivartana avasthAoM kI dRSTi se hotA, mUla dravya kI dRSTi se vaha sarvathA nitya hai| pratyeka dravya svatantra evaM zakti yukta hai| vaha apanA astitva nahIM chor3atA / miTTI se ghara banatA hai, jaba vaha phUTatA hai to khaNDa-gaTa ho jAtA hai / miTTI kA piNDa rUpa ghaTa rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai, para donoM hI avasyAoM meM miTTI dravya upasthita hai| ghaTa ke phUTa jAne para bhI miTTI dravya hI hai / ataH pratyeka dravya meM avasthAoM kA parivartana hotA rahatA hai, dravya svayaM nitya hai| 1. pAlImogloniviH yasya na nAstika: divaparIto nAstikaH / pANinI rAma, "manninAstidiSTaM mati:" kI yaayaa| 3. syAI gama-raga nAmadumAsvAgI-madhyAya 5 /

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jana gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 45 / jaina darzana ke anekAMta aura syAvAda zabda vastu kI isI aneka avasthAtmaka kintu nizcita sthiti kA prarUpaNa karate haiN| ___ jaina matAnusAra pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA hai / "jayatikarma zanUna iti jinaH "5 ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti apane karma zatruoM ko parAsta kara, . apanA zuddha Atma tatva prApta kara "jina" bana sakatA hai| pratyeka vyakti meM yaha mAmarthya hai / AtmA ko svayaM hI karma vandhanoM se apane purupArtha se mukta honA par3atA hai / saMsAra kI koI bhI zakti use mukta nahIM karA sktii| svayaM tIrthakara bhI mAnava se mahAmAnava vanate haiM / na koI karma AtmA ko bA~dha hI sakatA hai aura na hI mukna kara sakatA hai, kyoMki AtmA aura karma kA koI mela nhiiN| AtmA caitana rUpa hai aura karma paudgalika / donoM ke guNa aura kArya vyApAra meM sAmya nahIM / phira bhI AtmA karmoM dvArA hI vandhana yukta hai / saMsArI jIva bandhana se apanI AtmA ko girI huI isalie anubhava karate haiM ki anAdikAla se jIva aura karma aise mila gaye haiM ki eka se lagate haiM, aura hama mAnane lagate haiM ki karma hI jIva ko duHkhI karate haiM, vastu-sthiti aisI nahIM / AtmA hI apane ko karma bandhana meM jakar3I huI mAnakara apanI mAtmazakti kho baiThatI hai aura aneka bhavoM meM bhaTakatI rahatI hai| yaha sthiti to aisI hI hai jaise koI vyakti sar3aka ke patthara ko sira para uThA le aura kahe ki yaha patthara mujhe duHkha de rahA hai / vastusthiti spaSTa hai mAnava jisa dina karma kA kalpita yA Aropita juA utAra pheMkatA hai, vaha usI kSaNa paramAtma rUpa prApta karatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra Izvara sRSTi kartA nahIM hai / saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha apane guNa svabhAva vaNa aneka avasthAoM meM svayaM rUpAcita hote hue bhI antataH nitya hai| use anyathA karane kI sAmarthya kisI meM nhiiN| Izvara ko sRSTi kartRtva nahIM diyA gayA hai ataH umakI sarvazaktimattA abAdhita rahI hai / jaina dharma aura darzana kI kucha vizeSatAeM : (1) paramAtmapada prApti hI mAnava kA uccatama aura aMtima lakSya hai| (2) jaina darzana vyakti-svAtantrya ko svIkAra kara svAvalamvinI vRtti ko prazraya detA hai| (3) sampUrNa prANImAtra kA kalyANa karanA-jaina dharma hai| (4) jaina dharma kI vizeSatA--cAroM puruSArthoM kI siddhi meM hai| isa siddhi kA upAya mAnava ke hAtha meM hai| 1. adhyAtma padAvalI, rAjakumAra jaina, pR0 38

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48 Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza zAsaka varga ke atyAcAroM ke virodha meM bhI inhoMne bar3e sazakta evaM prabhAvaka kavi vyaktitva kA paricaya diyA hai / vyakti, samAja evaM deza kI aikya-zRMkhalA dharma evaM caritra para TikI huI hai / dharma aura caritra mAnava meM abhaya kI sthiti paidA karate haiN| ina do pravala sahayogiyoM ko pAkara mAnava jIvana bhara saMkaToM se jUjhatA huA bhI apanI mAnavatA kI parAjaya kabhI svIkAra nahIM karatA / "dhArmika netAoM evaM AndolanoM se janatA jitanI adhika prabhAvita hotI hai utanI kadAcit rAjanaitika evaM anya prakAra ke netAoM se nahIM hotI / dharma kI mahattA aura sattA meM sthAyitva vizepa dRr3ha hotA hai / hamAre Antarika jIvana se yadi kisI viSaya kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai to vaha pahale dhArmika viSaya hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki dharma hamAre jIvana para adhipati-sA hokara sthiratA aura dRr3hatA ke sAtha zAsana karatA rahatA hai| loka aura paraloka donoM ko sAdhane vAlA hI saccA dharma hai / arthAt laukika jIvana meM sadAcAritA kA pATha par3hAtA huA paralokAbhimukha banAye rakhane vAle ma ke ina donoM pakSoM kA jaina sAhitya meM sadaiva 'nirvAha huA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bhakti, vairAgya, upadeza, tatva nirUpaNa Adi viSayaka racanAoM meM * mAnava kI carama unnati, lokoddhAraka evaM kAvya-kalA kI nidhArA vahAI hai / / ___ zvetAmbara tathA digambara kaviyoM ne apanI kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se aneka viSayoM para aneka rUpoM meM prakAza DAlA hai / ye saba viSaya mAtra dhArmika nahIM, lokopakAraka - bhI haiM / sAhityika racanAoM ke atirikta jaina sAhitya meM vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra, vaidyaka, gaNita, jyotipa, nIti, aitihAsika, subhASita, buddhivardhaka, vinodAtmaka, kuvyasana nivAraka, zikSAprada, aupadezika, Rtuparaka, samvAdAtmaka tathA lokavArtAtmaka Adi aneka prakAra kI racanAe~ prApta haiN| jaina-gurjara-kaviyoM ke sAhitya meM cAra prakAra kA sAhitya upalabdha hotA (ka) tAtvika grantha (saiddhAntika grnth)| (kha) pada, bhajana, prArthanAe~ aadi| . (ga) purANa, caritra Adi / (gha) kathAdi va pUjA-pATha / uccazreNI ke kaviyoM kA kSetra sadaiva AdhyAtmika rahA hai| ataH sAdhAraNa janatA inake kAvya kA mahatva nahIM samajha skii| caritra yA kathA-granthoM dvArA bhaktirasa.ko bahAne kA kArya bahuta kama huA hai| sAmAnya janatA isI meM rama sakatI thii| 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa : DaoN0 rasAla, pR0 14 -

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA inakA sAhitya adhyAtmapradhAna hai| jaina sAdhaka AdhyAtmika paramparA ke anuyAyI evaM AtmalakSI saMskRti meM vizvAsa karane vAle the phira bhI ye laukika cetanI se virakta nahIM the / kyoMki unakA adhyAtmavAda vaiyaktika hokara bhI jana kalyANa kI bhAvanA se anuprANita thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki sampradAyamUlaka sAhitya kA sRjana karate hue bhI ve apanI racanAoM meM dezakAla me sambandhita aitihAsika evaM sA~skRtika TippaNI de gaye haiM jinakA yadi vaijJAnika paddhati se adhyayana kiyA jAya to bhAratIya itihAsa ke aneka timirAcchanna pakSa prakAzita ho utthe| AtmA kI ananta zaktiyoM kA hRdayakArI varNana isa sAhitya meM huA hai| adhyAtma, zuddhAcaraNa evaM mahApuruSoM ke caritragAna se sambaddha vipayoM ke pratipAdana meM ina jaina kaviyoM ne apanI kalA kA paripUrNa paricaya diyA haiM / aupadezika vRtti ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya meM viSayAntara se paramparAgata vAtoM kA varNana vivaraNa avazya huA hai, para sampUrNa jaina sAhitya piSTapeSaNa mAtra nahIM hai / jo sAhitya upalabdha hai vaha lokapakSa evaM bhASA pakSa kI dRSTi se bar3A mahatvapUrNa hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bhAratIya citanA ko janabhApA samanvita zailI meM DhAlakara rASTra ke adhyAtmika stara ko U~cA uThAyA hai| inhoMne sAhitya paramparA ko loka bhASAoM ke vahate nIra meM avagAhana karAkara sarva sulabha banA diyA hai / jaina kaviyoM ko isa sampadA ko mAtra dhArmika athavA sAmpradAyika mAnakara anta taka isake prati upekSA kA bhAva rakhA gayA hai| kyoMki AlocakoM kI dRSTi meM meM yaha sAhitya- . (1) jJAnayoga kI mAdhanA hai, bhAvayoga kI nhiiN| (2) mAtra sAmpradAyika hai, sArvajanIya nhiiN| (3) ekAMgI haSTi kA paricAyaka hai, vistAra kA nahIM, tathA / . -(4) isakA mahatva mAtra bhASA kI dRSTi se hai, sAhitya kI dRSTi se nahIM / vAstava meM dharma ko sAhitya se alaga mAnakara calanA sAhityika tattvoM kI upekSA karanA hai| sAhitya kA dhArmika honA kadApi agrAhya nahIM ho sakatA / agara aisA ho to hama apane mUrdhanya mahAtmA sUra evaM mahAkavi tulasI se bhI hAtha dho vaiThege / kyoMki Akhira to unakA sAhitya bhI dhArmika saMdezoM kA vAhaka hai / "yadi 1. "unakI racanAoM kA jIvana kI svAbhAvika zaraNiyoM, anubhUtiyoM aura dazAoM se koI sambandha nahIM / ve mAmpradAyika zikSA mAna haiN| ataH zuddha sAhitya kI . koTi meM nahIM A sktii| unakI racanAoM kI paramparA ko hama kAvya yA sAhitya kI koI dhArA nahIM kaha skte|" hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa : rAmacandra zukla, pR. 24

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46 Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza anekAMtavAda hai, sabhI AdhyAtmika ( 5 ) jaina dharma kA pramukha siddhAMta praznoM ke samAdhAna kI kurujI syAdvAda hai / (6) ahiMsA jIvana kI paripUrNatA' hai / (7) satya, kSamA Adi daza dharmo kA vivecana sadbhAvapoSaka hai-vaha mAnavatA nirmita karane vAlA hai / isakA parigraha pramANa mantra samAja sattAvAda ke sAratatva kA kucha azoM meM samarthaka hai / Alocya yugIna jaina gurjara kaviyoM para isa jaina darzana kI amiTa chApa hai / 2. jaina sAhitya kA svarUpa, mahattva tathA mukhya pravRttiyA~ : svarUpa aura mahatva : jaina sAhitya kI AdhArazilA dharma hai, ataH isa sAhitya ke svarUpa-nirdhAraNa meM dharma-bhAvanA kA dhyAna rakhanA hogA / yoM to sampUrNa vizva ke sAhitya ke mUla meM nizcita rUpa se dhArmika bhAvanA rahI hai ora isa dRSTi se sampUrNa vizva kA sAhitya dharmamUlaka hI hai / "dharma se sAhitya kA avicchedya sambandha hai / sAhitya se dharma pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA | cAhe jisa kAla kA sAhitya ho, usameM tatkAlIna dhArmika avasthA kA citra aMkita hogA / " " dharma kI bhA~ti hI sAhitya mAnava ko sarvAMgapUrNa sukhI aura svAdhIna banAne kA prayatna karatA hai / jaina sAhitya meM isa prakAra kI mAnava-hita- vidhAyinI pravRttiyA~ bahulatA se prApta haiM / isameM mAnavArtha mukti kA saMdeza hai, use Atma svAtantrya prApti kA mArga sujhAyA gayA hai tathA aneka adhyAtma-paraka bahumUlya praznoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / mahApuruSoM ke vIratA, sAhasa, dhairya, kSamApravaNatA evaM lokopakAritA se ota-prota jIvana vRtta prAMjala bhASA evaM prasAda guNa yukta zailI meM nivaddha hai / isa prakAra ke caritra grantha mAnava samAja ke lie jIvana-saMvala evaM mArga-darzaka vanakara Aye haiM / yadyapi viSaya cayana meM jaina sAhityakAra sadA eka se rahe haiM tathApi inakI bhAvomiyoM ke abhivyakti kauzala meM apanI-apanI chApa hai / ye yathAvasara sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika dazAoM kA citraNa bhI karate gaye haiN| jisake viSaya meM nAthUrAma "premI" kA kathana hai, "hindI kA jaina sAhitya bhI apane samaya ke itihAsa para bahuta kucha prakAza DAlegA / itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI hindI kA jaina sAhitya mahatva kI 1. jIvana aura sAhitya : DaoN0 udayabhAnusiMha pR067 2. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 4-5 -

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA vastu hai.|"1 ina kaviyoM ne itihAsa para vizeSa bhAra diyA hai / pratyeka jaina kavi apanI racanA ke aMta meM yA pUrva meM apane samaya ke zAsaka -- rAjAoM kA evaM gurU paramparA kA kucha na kucha ullekha avazya karate rahe haiM / prAcIna hindI sAhitya ke anvepaNa meM padya granthoM kI hI pradhAnatA rahI hai, gadya grantha bahuta kama haiM / kintu hindI jaina sAhitya ke lie yaha vizepa gaurava kI bAta hai ki isameM gadya-graMtha bhI pracura parimANa meM upalabdha haiM / ye grantha hindI gadya ke vikAsa krama ko dikhAne meM yatheSTa sahAyaka siddha hoge / 16 vIM zatI se 16vIM zatI taka ke jaina sAhitya meM hindI gadya grantha bhI prApta hote haiN| gadya graMtha mere vipaya kI paridhi meM nahIM haiM ataH maiMne unheM nahIM liyA hai| __jaina kavi kisI ke Azrita nahIM the| ataH inake sAhitya meM kahI bhI AtmAnubhUtiyoM kA hanana nahIM huA hai| apane sAhitya dvArA ina kaviyoM ne arthopArjana athavA yaza-prApti kA lakSya nahIM apnaayaa| bhaktikAla ke prAyaH sabhI kavi svatantra rahe haiN| ve kabhI kisI pralobhana ke pIche nahI par3e / yahI kAraNa hai ki unakA sAhitya kisI yuga vizepa kI lAcArI athavA rasika vRtti kA pariNAma na hokara cirantana jIvana satya kA udghATana karatA hai| jaina kavi bhI vividha kayAoM, kAvyoM tathA padoM dvArA sAMskRtika maryAdA evaM apane pUrvAvAryoM ke dharmanyAsa kI rakSA evaM vRddhi karate rahe haiN| 18 vIM zatI meM to zRMgAra rasa kI avAdha dhArA bhakti aura maryAdA ke kUloM ko tor3akara vaha nikalI thii| mukti aura jIvana zakti kI yAcanA kI jagaha kutsitatA ne apanA sAmrAjya jamA rakkhA thaa| jaisA ki kavi deva ne kahA hai "joga hU teM kaThina saMjoga paranArI ko" loga parakIyA prema ke pIche pAgala the| patnIvrata aura 'saccaritnatA kI bhAvanA vilupta hone lagI thii| rItikAlIna kaviyoM ne kRSNa aura rAdhA kA Azraya lekara apanI manamAnI vAsanA kI abhivyakti karate hue apane upAsya deva ko guNDA aura lapaTa banA diyA hai| aise vAtAvaraNa meM bhI jaina kavi isa kutsita zRMgAra se alipta bane rhe| inhoMne saccaritratA, saMyama, kartavyazIlatA aura vIratva kI vRddhi kA-apanA kAvyAdarza surakSita rkhaa| kAvya kA pradhAna lakSya to kAvyarasa kI sRSTi kara mAnava ke Atmavala ko puSTa vanAnA aura unheM pavitraAtmavala kI khoja ke Adarza para ArUr3ha karanA hai| saMsAra ko devatva aura mukti kI ora le jAnA hI kAvya kA sarvazreSTha guNa hai / jaina kaviyoM ne isI amaratA kA saMgIta alApA aura janatA ke patha-pradarzaka bane rhe| __) ina sraSTAoM ne navIna yuga ke sAtha samanvaya na kiyA ho, yaha vAta bhI nahIM hai / yathAvasara sAmAjika kurItiyoM, chuAchUta, sAmpradAyikatA, dhArmika kaTTaratA tathA 1. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pR0 4-5 ,

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza adhyAtma kI carcA, bhogoM, indriya-viSayoM kA virodha bhI sAmpradAyika aura dhArmika hai tathA lalita aura uttama sAhitya meM sammilita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, to hama bhakti kAlIna sAhitya ke stambha kabIra, sUra aura tulasI ke sAhitya ko bhI nirA dhArmika evaM sAmpradAyika kahakara kyA svayaM ke buddhiviveka ke divAliyApana kA paricaya na deNge| sAmpradAyika sAhitya vaha hai jisameM vAhyADambara, niSprANa ati mAcAra tathA kriyAkANDa Adi kI kaTTaratA ke sAtha vivaraNa pradhAna nIrasa carcA mAtra ho / yadyapi aise grantha sabhI dharmoM meM haiM, parantu hama unheM lalita sAhitya ke antargata nahIM lete, ve sAmAnya sAhitya meM hI Ate haiN| vastutaH uttama sAhitya vahI hai jo kSaNika sastA manoraMjana na dekara zAzvata satya kA jo zivaM evaM sundaram se abhimaNDita ho, udghATana kara sake" / ' isa prakAra isa sAhitya ke prati upekSA kA mAdhAra nirmUla hI hai| . "kaI racanAeM aisI bhI hai ki jo dhArmika to haiM, kintu unameM sAhityika sarasatA banAye rakhane kA pUrA prayAsa hai| dharma vahA~ kavi ko kevala preraNA de rahA hai| jisa sAhitya meM kevala dhArmika upadeza ho, usase vaha sAhitya nizcita rUpa se bhinna hai| jisameM dharma-bhAvanA preraka zakti ke rUpa meM kAma kara rahI ho aura sAtha hI hamArI sAmAnya manuSyatA ko AMdolita, mathita aura prabhAvita kara rahI ho, ima dRSTi se apabhraza kI kaI racanAe~ jo mUlataH jaina dharma bhAvanA se prerita hokara likhI gaI haiM, niHsandeha uttama kAvya haiM / dhArmika preraNA yA AdhyAtmika upadeza honA kAvyatva kA vAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA cAhie / dhArmika sAhitya hone mAtra se koI racanA sAhityika koTi se alaga nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi aisA samajhA * jAne lage to tulasIdAsa kA "rAma carita mAnasa" bhI sAhitya kSetra meM Alocya ho jAyagA / isa prakAra mere vicAra se sabhI dhArmika pustakoM ko sAhitya ke itihAsa meM tyAjya . nahIM mAnanA caahie|" isa prakAra AcArya zukla kA mata Aja navIna tathyoM ke prakAza meM mahatvahIna siddha ho cukA hai / vastutaH dharma aura AdhyAtmikatA to sAhitya ke mUla meM usakI do preraka zaktiyoM kA kAma karate haiM / ataH jaina kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM ko dhArmika mAnakara unake prati upekSA, sevA athavA bhUlA denA bhAratIta cintanA aura usakI amUlya sampadA ke prati ghora anyAya karanA hai| ___ isa sAhitya kA mUla svara dharma hai, phira adhikAMza kaviyoM ne ise asAmpradAyika banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| aise sAhitya ke mUla meM tyAga aura zAnti hai / 1. sAhitya saMdeza, jUna, 1956, ka 12.50 474, zrI ravIndrakumAra jainakA lekha / / 2. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAlaH A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR0 11-13 / /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA niveMda aura zama kI bhAvanA bhI isa sAhitya kA prANa hai / astu, hiMsA se dUra, sukha, sohArdra ekatA, tyAga aura Ananda kI bhAva laharoM meM mAnavatA ko avagAhana karAne vAlA sAhitya apane meM sarvAMza sundara hai / jaina sAhitya kI mukhya pravRttiyA~ 51 (1) sAhityikatA ke sAtha loka bhASAmUlaka sAhitya sRjana kI pravRtti : adhikAMza jaina kaviyoM ne svAntaH sukhAya likhA / grAma-grAma tathA nagara-nagara ghUmakara lokopakAraka tathA AdhyAtmika upadezoM se pUrNa vAgdhArA bahAnA aura logoM kI apanI bhASA meM sAhitya nirmita karanA bhI inakA jIvana-lakSya thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka ora inameM vibhinna sAhityika vidhAoM aura tatvoM kA samAveza hai, to dUsarI ora inameM lokabhASA aura boliyoM kA sarala pravAha hai / isI kAraNa inake kAvya meM lokasaMskRti bhASA aura sAhitya ke unnAyaka tatva sahaja hI samAhita ho gaye haiM / (2) vipaya vaividhya : jaina kaviyoM ke isa vizAla sAhitya meM sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAhityika tathA aitihAsika kAvyoM ke sAtha loka AkhyAnaka kAvyoM kA bhI sRjana huA hai / rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke kathAnakoM kA nirvAha bhI ina kaviyoM ne bar3I kuzalatA se kiyA hai / udAharaNArtha aisI racanAoM meM dropadI caupAI, neminAtha phAgu, pAMDavapurANa, lavakuza chappaya, sItArAma caupAI, sItA AlothaNA, hanumanta kathA Adi kAvyoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai / inake atirikta, jaina paurANika vArtAeM, lokavArtAmUlaka kathAeM, kathAsaMgraha, pUjAsaMgraha, jIvanacaritra, gurvAtaliyA~, bhaktikAvya, tIrthamAlAeM, sarasvatIstuti, gurubhakti Adi viSayoM para AkapaMka, kavitvapUrNa, AlaMkArika kAvyakhaNDa, tIrthaMkaroM aura mahApuruSoM kI stutiyA~, stavana, devavaMdana, anya svatantra kRtiyA~, sArvajanIna kRtiyA~, bhAvavAcI gItoM Adi kA mAdhurya vahA hai / sulalita subhASita, upadezAmRta se ApUrNa kAvyakhaNDoM ke mIThe srota bhI bahe haiM / vividha DhAloM aura rAgarAganiyoM kA sumadhura guMjAra bhI sunAI detA hai / viSaya vaividhya kI dRSTi se yaha sAhitya atyanta samRddha kahA jA sakatA hai / ataH inameM mAtra dhArmika pravRtti hI nahIM, maulika sarjanazakti svataMtra kalpanAzakti aura zabda saMghaTana Adi kA samAhAra hai / (3) kAvya rUpoM meM vaividhya : kAvya rUpoM meM bhI isa sAhitya ne apanA vaividhya prastuta kiyA hai | rAsa, copAI, veli, cauDhAliyA, gajala, chanda, chappaya, dohA, savaiyA, vivAhalo, maMgala, rAgamAlA, pUjA, saloka, pada, vIsI, cauvIsI, vAvanI, zataka, phAga, vArahamAsA, prabaMdha, saMvAda

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52 Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza Adi saikar3oM prakAra kI racanAeM upalabdha hai, jina para prakaraNa 6 meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| (4) vividha paraMparAoM ke nirvAha kI pravRtti : jaina kRtiyoM meM sAhitya aura samAja kI vividha paraMparAoM kA nirvAha huA hai / saMkSepa meM kucha paramparAoM kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA jAtA hai- . (a) adhyayana-adhyApana aura graMtha nirmANa kI paramparA : - AgamoM ke adhyayana, jainetara sAhitya ke anuzIlana aura maulika granthoM ke praNayana kI pravRtti ke kAraNa jainetara viSaya bhI ina kaviyoM ke viSaya bane haiM aura unakA samyakjJAna prastuta huA hai / (ba) jJAna-bhaNDAra saMsthApana paramparA : __jJAna ke aneka bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA, surakSA tathA unake samyaka prabandha kI paramparAgata pravRtti ke kAraNa jaina-bhaNDAroM meM janetara kRtiyA~ bhI surakSita rahI haiM tathA apane vipula sAhitya ko naSTa hone se bacAyA hai / (ka) lokabhASA agIkaraNa kI paramparA : sAhityika bhASA ke sAtha lokabhASA meM bhI racanAeM karane kI pravRtti adhikAMza kaviyoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai / lokabhASA ke prati ruci dikhAkara ina kaviyoM ne vibhinna janabhASAoM ke vikAsa aura saMvarddhana meM apUrva yoga diyA hai| janabhASAgrahaNa kI pravRti se jaina sAhitya kI lokapriyatA bhI bddh'ii| (Da) graMnya lekhana aura pratilipi karane-karAne kI pravRtti se aneka pratilipikAroM kI AjIvikA bhI-calatI thii| aise aneka pratilipikAra Aja bhI ahamadAbAda, pATaNa, bIkAnera tathA anya sthaloM para hai jo apanI AjIvikA isI kArya para nirbhara mAnate haiM / eka hI prati kI aneka pratilipiyAM vibhinna bhaNDAroM aura nijI saMgrahAlayoM meM hotI rahI hai| pAThavijJAna tathA usake zodhArthiyoM ke liye yaha lekhana-pamparA bar3I mahatva kI vastu hai / (i) jaina dharma ke pracAra kI pravRtti bhI vibhinna choTI tathA bar3I madhura kathAtmaka zailI .. meM hotI hai| ina kathAoM meM jaina darzana sarasa zailI meM utarA hai / inakA mukhya. uddezya caritra nirmANa, ahiMsA, karmavAda aura AdarzavAda ko prasthApita karanA rahA hai / ukta samI paramparAoM ne jaina sAhitya meM jIvana ur3ela diyA hai / (I) sAdhu yA sanyAsI banane kI paramparA kA nirvAha bhI jaina samAja meM varAvara hotA hai| bhAratIya prajA kA eka varga paramajJAna kI bAteM aura saMsAra kI TIkAeM karane

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA meM khUba rasa letA rahA / saMsAra kI TIkA vairAgya popaka thI / vairAgya ko jJAnamUlaka banAkara eka mAtra mokSa kI prApti karane ke liye saMsAra- prapaMca ko tyAga kara bhakti aura ArAdhanA kA Adeza diyA jAtA thA / yaha upadeza mAtra pustakIya nahIM thA - guru paramparA aura anubhUti kA thA / inameM nirUpita jIvana citra "A~khoM ke dekhe" the " kAgaja ke likhe " nahIM / ataH sAdhu yA sanyAsI banane kI pravala bhAvanA samagra samAja meM banI rahI / dhIre dhIre yaha bhAvanA manda hotI calI aura yuga dharma ke anurUpa banane kI naI bhAvanA kA vikAsa huA / 53 ( 5 ) aitihAsika tathyoM ke nirvAha kI pravRtti : / jaina sAhitya meM upalavdha aitihAsika kRtiyoM se tatkAlIna jaina kaviyoM kA itihAsa spaSTa hotA hai / inameM aneka aitihAsika varNana bhI upalabdha haiM / udAharaNArthaM "satyAsImA duSkAla varNana chattIsI' meM kavi samayasundara ne apane jIvanakAla meM AMkhoM dekhe, duSkAla kA sajIva varNana kiyA hai / ina kaviyoM ne apanI kRtiyoM ke Arambha yA anta meM guruparamparA, racanAkAla, tatkAlIna rAjA Adi ke nAma buddhikauzala se sUcita kiye haiM / tatkAlIna AcAra-vicAra, samAja, dharma, rAjanIti kI prAmANika jAnakArI meM yaha paramparA sahayoga detI hai / (6) kathArUr3hiyoM aura paramparAoM ke nirvAha kI pravRti ina kRtiyoM meM upalabdha kathAe~ apanI hI paramparA aura rUr3hiyoM ko lekara kahI gaI haiM / aneka kaviyoM ne eka hI viSaya ko lekara aneka racanAe~ kI / RSabhadeva, neminAtha, sthUlabhadra, naladamayaMtI, rAmasItA, draupadI, bharatavAhubali Adi viSayoM para samAna rUpa se kaI kaviyoM ne apanI-apanI racanAeM prastuta kI haiM / kathAoM aura unakI rUr3hiyoM meM paramparA kA nirvAha hote hue bhI, pAtra, kathAnaka, varNana paddhati tathA uddezya meM maulikatA ke darzana avazya hote haiM / (7) zAMta rasa ko pramukhatA dene kI pravRtti : 1 - sAmAnyata: hindU janatA jaina dharma ko virodhI aura nAstika samajhatI rahI ataH isa sAhitya ke asAmpradAyika grantha bhI yugoM se upekSita rahe / 2- paramparA anusAra athavA vigata kaTu anubhavoM ke kAraNa chApe kA AvikAra ho jAne para bhI jaina apane granthoM ke prakAzana ko dharmaviruddha samajhate haiM / 3 - gujarAta jaina sAhitya ke nirmANa kA vizeSa kendra rahA hai / yahAM ke kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM kA saMpAdana-saMgraha gujarAtI vidvAnoM dvArA hI huA hai / guja

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza / rAtI ko svatantra aura alaga bhASA svIkAra kara lene ke kAraNa vidvAn ina kRtiyoM ko gujarAtI bhASA kI hI samajhate rahe / ataH bahuta se hindI grantha mAja taka hindIbhApiyoM taka nahIM pahuMca pAye haiM / jaina gUrjara sAhityakAra aura hindI :. gujarAta jaina dharma, saMskRti evaM sAhitya kA pramukha kendra rahA hai| isa praveza meM jaina dharma kA astitva to itihAsAtIta kAla se milatA hai / prathama tIrthaMkara Rpamadeva, ke pradhAna gaNadhara puharIka ne zatrunjaya parvata (gujarAja) se nirvANa lAbha liyA thA / ' 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha (kRSNa ke paitRkamAI) kA to yaha pradhAna vihAra kSetra thA / jUnAgar3ha ke mahArAjA ugrasena kI rAjakumArI rAjula se neminAtha ke vivAha kI taiyArI karane, bhautika deha aura saMsArI bhogoM se virata ho giranAra parvata para samAdhi lene tayA tIrthakara munisuvrata ke Azrama kA bhRgukaccha meM hone ke ullekha milate haiM / terahavIM zatI meM vanarAja cAvar3A, solaMkI rAjA zilAditya aura vastupAla tathA tejapAla jaise maMtriyoM ne jaina dharma aura sAhitya ko paryApta protsAhana diyA / jaina dharma kA yaha utkarSa kAla thaa| musalamAna bAdazAha bhI isa dharma ke prati kAphI sahiSNu rhe| samrATa akabara ko pratibodha dene gaye jainAcArya hIravijayasUri, jinacandra tathA upAdhyAya bhAnucandra, gujarAta se hI nAgarA gaye the| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM ko sAtha-sAtha phalane-phUlane kA suavasara dene kA zreya gujarAta ko hI hai| gujarAta, zvetAzvaroM kA to pradhAna kendra rahA hI hai, kintu IDara, nAgaura, sUrata, vAraDolI, ghoghA Adi kaI sthAnoM meM digambara bhaTTArakoM kI bhI gadiyA~ prasthApita huI thiiN| isa prAnta meM jaina dharma ke cirasthAyI prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa hI jaina sAdhuoM, vidvAnoM evaM gRhastha kaviyoM ne isa prAnta ko sAMskRtika evaM sAhityika amUlya bheToM se alaMkRta kiyaa| Adhunika bhAratIya mArya bhApAoM meM gujarAtI aura hindI bhApA aura sAhitya kI ina kaviyoM ke hAthoM mahatI sevA huI / ina bhApAoM ke vikAsa krama ke adhyayana ke lie yahI jaina granya Aja AdhAramata haiN| isa bhASA-adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki.hindI aura gujarAtI kA udbhava eka hI srota se huA hai| paM0 nAthUrAma premI jI ke isa abhiprAya se bhI yaha bAta spaSTa hai-"aisA jAna par3atA hai ki prAkRta kA jaba apabhraza honA Arama huA, aura phira usameM bhI vizeSa parivartana hone lagA, 1. jaina siddhAMta bhAskara, pro. jyotiprasAda jaina kA lega, pR0 48, bhAga 20, kiraNa 1, jUna 1653 2. mahAkAlIna gujarAto sAhitya, muMzo, pR0 72

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA taba usakA eka rUpa gujarAtI ke sA~ce meM Dhalane lagA aura eka hindI ke sAMce meM / yahI kAraNa hai jo hama| I0 16 vIM zatAbdI se jitane hI pahale kI hindI aura gajarAtI dekhate haiM, donoM meM utanA hI sAdRzya dikhalAI par3atA hai| yahA~ taka ki 13 vIM 14 vIM zatAbdI kI hindI aura gujarAtI meM ekatA kA bhrama hone lagatA hai / ' isI bhApA-sAmya ke kAraNa vi0 17 vIM zatAbdI ke kavi mAladeva ke bhojaprabaMdha aura purandara kumAra caupaI, jo vAstava meM hindI grantha haiM, gujarAtI grantha mAne jAte rahe / 2. niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 16 vIM-17.vIM zadI taka bhArata ke pazcimI bhU bhAga meM basane vAle jaina kavi apamraza mizrita prAyaH eka-sI bhApA kA prayoga karate rhe| hAM, pradeza vizeSa kI bhASA kA ina para prabhAva avazya thaa| hindI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kA vikAsa zaurasenI ke nAgara apabhraMza se huA / yahI dhAraNA hai ki 16 vIM-17 vIM zatI taka ina tInoM bhASAoM meM sAdhAraNa prAntIya bheda ko chor3a vizeSa antara nahIM dikhAtA / zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne isa bhASA ko prAcIna hindI aura prAcIna gujarAtI kahA hai -"vikrama kI sAtavIM se gyArahavIM zatI taka apabhraMza kI pradhAnatA rahI, phira vaha jUnI hindI aura jUnI gujarAtI meM pariNata ho gaI / gujarAtI ke prasiddha vaiyAkaraNI zrI kamalAzaMkara prANazaMkara trivedI ne gujarAtI ko hindI kA purAnA prAntika rUpa mAnate hue kahA hai - "svarUpa meM gujarAtI hindI kI apekSA prAcIna hai / vaha usa bhASA kA prAntika rUpa hai / cAlukya rAjapUta ise kAThiyAvAr3a ke prAyadvIpa meM le gaye aura vahA~ dUsarI hindI boliyoM se alaga par3a jAne se yaha dhIre-dhIre svatantra bhASA bnii| isa prakAra hindI meM jo purAne rUpa lupta ho gaye haiM ve bhI isa meM kAyama haiN|"5 zrI motIlAla menAriyA ne zAraMgadhara, asAhata, zrIdhara, zAlibhadrasUri, vijayasenasUri, vinaya candrasUri, Adi gujarAtI kaviyoM kI bhI gaNanA rAjasthAnI kaviyoM meM / kI hai| inhIM kaviyoM aura unakI kRtiyoM kI gaNanA hindI sAhitya ke itihAsakAroM ne hindI meM kI hai aura unakI bhASA ko prAcIna hindI athavA apabhraza kahA hai| mizravandhuoM ne apane grantha "mizravandhu vinoda" bhAga 1 meM dharmasUri, vijayasenamUri, vinayacandrasari, jinapadmasUri, aura soma sundarasari Adi jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, saptam hi0 sA0 sa0 kArya vivaraNa, bhAga-2, pR0 3 2. vahI, pR. 44-45 3. hindI bhASA kA itihAsa, dhIrendra varmA 4. jaina gurjara kaviyoM, bhAga, 1, pR0 21 5. gujarAtI bhASAnuM vahad vyAkaraNa, prathama saMskaraNa, pa0 21 6. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, motIlAla menAriyA

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza isa prakAra eka hI sAmAnya sAhitya ko hindI, rAjasthAnI athavA gujarAtI siddha karane ke prayatna varAvara hote rahe haiM / rAjanaitika kAraNoM se hindI tathA rAja. sthAnI se gujarAtI ke alaga ho jAne aura usake svatantra rUpa se vikasita ho jAne ke pazcAta bhI gujarAtI kaviyoM kA hindI ke prati paramparAgata prema banA rahA / yahI kAraNa hai ki ve svabhASA ke sAtha-sAtha hindI meM bhI racanAeM karate rahe / hindI kI yaha dIrgha kAlIna paramparA usakI sarvapriyatA aura sArvadezikatA sUcita karatI hai| yahA~ taka ki isa paramparA ke nirvAha hetu athavA apane hindI prema ko abhi vyakta karane ke liye, gujarAtI kaviyoM ne apane gujarAtI granthoM meM bhI hindI avataraNa uddhRta kiye haiN| udAharaNArtha nayasundara ke, rUpacanda, kuMvaradAsa, naladamayaMtI rAsa, giranAra uddhAra rAsa, sarasundarI rAsa, RSabhadAsa ke kumArapAla rAsa, hIra-vijayasUri rAsa, hitazikSA rAsa. tathA samayasundara ke na nadamayaMtI rAsa Adi draSTavya hai / RSabhadAsa kI kRtiyoM se patA calatA hai ki usa samaya vyApAra ke lie bhArata meM Ane vAle videzI-aMgreja Adi mugala samrAToM se urdU yA hindI meM vyavahAra karate the| jaina bhASA meM karmapracAra tathA sAhitya-sRjana jaina kaviyoM kA utlekhanIya kArya rahA hai / ina kaviyoM kA vihAra rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM adhika rahA / gujarAA meM hindI bhASA ke prabhAva aura pracAra ne inheM AkarSita kiyaa| phalataH hindI bhApata meM inake racita choTe-bar3e grantha 15 vIM zatI se Ajataka acche parimANa meM prApta hote rahe haiN| inhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM bhAratIya sAhitya kI ajasa dhArA bahAyI hai tathA apane AdhyAtmika pravacanoM, gItikAvyoM tathA muktaka chandoM dvArA jana-jIvana ke naitika dharAtala ko sadaiva U~cA uThAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| ye jaina saMta vividha bhASAoM ke jAtA hote hue bhI inheM bhASA vizepa se kabhI moha nahIM rhaa| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi sabhI bhASAeM inakI apanI thIM, prAntavAda ke jhagar3e meM ye kabhI nahI utare / sAhitya racanA kA mahad uddezya-Atmonnati naura janakalyANa-kendra meM rakhakara apanI AtmAnubhUti se jana-mana ko ye pariplAvita karate rhe| digambara kaviyoM ke sAhitya kendra : rAjasthAna kA vAgar3a pradeza (vizeSataH DUMgarapura, sAgavADA) gujarAta prAnta se lagA huA hai / ata: gujarAta meM hone vAle bhaTTArakoM ke mukhya kendra navasArI, sUrata, bhaDauca , jAvUnara, ghoyA tathA uttara gujarAta meM IDara Adi the / saurASTra meM giranAra

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA aura zanujaya kI yAtrA ke lie bhI inakA Agamana barAbara hotA thaa|' ina bhaTTA. raka jaina kaviyoM kA sAhitya bhI vizepataH rAjasthAna ke vibhinna jaina bhaNDAroM meM (rikhavadeva, DUMgarapura, sAgavADA evaM udayapura) meM vipula parimANa meM upalabdha hai / " ina bhaTTAraka saMtoM ne to hindI ko rASTrabhApA, banAne kA svapna 8 vIM zatAbdI se pUrva hI dekhanA prArambha kara diyA thA, muni rAmasiMha kA 'dohA pAhuDa' hindI mAhitya kI eka amUlya kRti hai jisakI tulanA meM bhApA-sAhitya kI bahuta kama kRtiyA~ A sakeMgI / mahAkavi tulasIdAsajI ko to 17 vIM zatAbdI meM bhI hindI bhASA meM "rAmacarita mAnasa" likhane meM jhijhaka ho rahI thI kintu ina jaina santoM ne unase 800 varSa pahale hI sAhasa ke sAtha prAcIna hindI meM racanAyeM likhanA prArambha kara diyA thA / gUrjara bhaTTAraka kaviyoM kI bhI hindI racanAeM 15 vIM zatI se prApta hotI haiM / 15 vIM zatI ke aise gurjara bhaTTArakoM meM bhaTTAraka sakala kIti aura brahmajinadAsa ullekhanIya haiN| ye saMskRta ke prakANDa paMDita the| phira bhI inhoMne lokabhASA ke mAdhyama se rAjasthAna aura gajarAta meM jaina-sAhitya aura saMskRti ke nirmANa meM apUrva yoga diyA / ye aNahila pura paTTaNa ke rahane vAle the|3 inake ziSya brahma jinadAsa bhI pATaNa nivAsI habaDa jAti ke zrAvaka the / inhoMne 60 se bhI adhika racanAeM likhakara hindI sAhitya kI zrI-vRddhi kii| ina racanAmoM meM rAmasItArAsa, zrIpAla rAsa, yazodhararAsa, bhaviSyadattarAsa, paramahaMsarAsa, harivaMzapurANa, AdinAtha purANa mAdi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| inakI bhASA zailI kI dRSTi se AdhyAtmika rAsa "paramahasarAsa" se eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai pApANa mAMhi sono jima hoI, gorasa mAMhi jimi ghata hoii| tila sAre taila vase jimi bhaMga, tima zarIra AtmA abhaMga // kANTha mAMhi Agini jimi hoI, kusuma parimala mAMhi neha / nIra jalada sIta jimi nIra, tema AtmA vasa jagata sarIra / / 16 vIM zatI ke bhaTTAraka kaviyoM meM AcArya somakIti, bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa, tathA bhaTTAraka vijayakIti vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| AcArya somakIrti kA sambandha kANThA saMgha ke nandanItaTa zAkhA se thA / inakA vihAra vizeSataH rAjasthAna aura gujarAja meM rahA / inakI racanAoM meM "yazodhara rAsa" vizeSa mahatva kI racanA hai jisa para gujarAtI prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hai / bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa mUla gujarAta ke nivAsI 1. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, vidyAdhara joharApurakara, pR0 6, 7 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, prastAvanA 3. vahI, pR0 1 4. vahI, 10 23

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58 Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza the aura sAgavADA kI bhaTTAraka gaddI para Amona hue the / ' inakI hindI kRtiyAM Adizvara phAga, jalagAlaNa rAma, poisa rAsa, paTkarma rAsa tathA nAgadArAsa haiM / Adizvara phAga inakI eka caritna pradhAna racanA hai| AdinAtha ke hRdaya meM saMsAra ke prati virAga kaise jagatA hai, isa sthiti ke varNana kA eka prasaga dRSTavya hai Ahe dhiga dhiga iha saMsAra, bekAra apAra asAra / nahI sama mAra samAna kumAra ramA parivAra // 164 // Ahe ghara pura nagara nahIM nija rama sama rAja akAja / haya gaya payadala cala mala sarikhaMDa nAri samAja // 165 / / bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti inhIM ke ziSya aura uttarAdhikArI the, jo apanI sAMskRtika sevAoM dvArA gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI janatA kI gaharI AsthA prApta kara sake the| satrahavIM aura aThArahavIM zatI ke bhaTTAraka kaviyoM kA paricaya Age diyA jAyagA kintu yahA~ itanA hI kahanA paryApta hogA ki gujarAta ke ina bhaTTArakoM aura unake ziSyoM kI hindI kavitA ko mahatvapUrNa dena hai| ye bhaTTAraka samudAya, zikSA aura sAhitya ke jIvanta kendra the| kacchayuga kI brajabhASA pAThazAlA aura usake kavi : kaccha (gujarAta) ke mahArAva lakhapatisiMha jI ne apanI rAjavAnI yuga meM aThAharavIM zatAbdI meM brajabhASA ke pracAra evaM sAhitya sRjana hetu eka pAThazAlA kI sthApanA kI thii| dUle rAya kArANIjI ne apane grantha "kacchanA saMtoM ane kavioM" meM likhA hai- "kavi zrI lakhapatasiMhajI ne isa saMsthA kI sthApanA karake samasta deza para eka mahAna upakAra kiyA hai| jahA~ kavi hone kA pramANapatra prApta kiyA jA sake, aisI eka bhI saMsthA bhAratavarSa meM kahIM nahIM thI / isa saMsthA kI sthApanA karake mahArAva ne samasta deza kI eka bar3I kamI dUra kara dI....... isa saMsthA se nikalane vAle kaviyoM ne saurASTra aura rAjasthAna ke aneka pradezoM meM apanA nAma prakhyAta kara ina sasthA ko yazasvI banAyA hai / " isa vidyAlaya meM bhArata bhara ke vidyArthI Ate the aura unheM rAjya kI ora se khAne-pIne tathA AvAsa kI pUrNa vyavasthA thI / yahA~ ke prathama adhyApaka ke rUpa meM jaina yati kanakakuzala aura unake zipya kuMvara kuzala kAryarata the unakI hindI sevAoM kA paricaya agale pRSThoM meM vistAra se diyA jAyagA / 1. rAjamyAna ke jana saMta, DaoN. kastUracaMda kAmalIvAla, pR0 50

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA mahArAva lakhapatisiMha svaya bhI kavi the| inake racita granthoM meM lakhapati zRMgAra, lakhapati mAna maMjarI, surata raMgiNI, mRdaMga mahorA, rAga sAgara Adi prApta haiN|' zrI nAhaTA jI ke ullekha ke anusAra-"karIba Der3ha sau varSoM taka brajabhASA ke pracAra va zikSaNa kA jo kArya isa vidyAlaya dvArA huA vaha hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai" / 2 yaha vidyAlaya chanda aura kAvyoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kA eka acchA kendra thA / yati kanakakuzala kI paramparA meM yaha karIba 200 varSa calatA rhaa| ahindI bhASI vidvAnoM dvArA brajabhASA meM kAvya racanA kI paramparA mahatvapUrNa hai hI parantu brajabhApA pAThazAlA kI prasthApanA aura niHzulka zikSA dene kI yaha vAta vizeSa mahatva kI hai / isa dRSTi se gurjara vidvAnoM kA yaha brajabhApA pracAra kA kArya niHsaMdeha anUThA hai| jina kI mAtRbhASA hindI nahIM, una logo ne bhI kitanI zatAbdiyoM taka hindI meM racanA karane kI paramparA sajIva rakhI hai| isase spaSTa hai, prArambha se hI hindI eka vyApaka bhASA ke rUpa meM vikasita hotI rahI hai / yaha antantiIya vyavahAra kI aura saMskRti kI bAhaka bhApA rahI hai| isa bAta ko aneka vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / hindI bhApI pradeza kA nikaTavartI pradeza hone ke kAraNa bhI gujarAta meM hindI bhASA kA pracAra adhika rahA hai / 1. kuMara caMdraprakAza siMha, bhuja (kaccha) kI brajamApA pAThazAlA, pR0 11 . 2. mAcArya vijaya vallabhasUri smAraka graMtha, agaracaMda nAhaTA kA lekha, pR. 67 3. candarAsAnI parAkrama gAthAne kAraNe tyahAre rAjadaravAromAMnI rAjabhASA hindI hatI / sUradAsajInI surAvaTa madhurI padAvalIne kAraNe kRSNa maMdiromAMnI kIrtanabhApA hindI hatI, tulasIkRta rAmakathAnA mahAgrathane kAraNe tIrtha, tIrthavAsI jogIoMnI bhogabhApA hindI hatI, bhAratanA prAMte prAMte ghUmatI dezI-paradezI senAonA senAnIonA sainya bhASA hindI hatI, vicAra sAgara samA samartha graMthoM tyahAre hindImA lakhAtA, kAvya zAstro tyahAre hindImAM racAtA / ApaNo madhyayugano jJAnabhaMDAraM hindI bhApAmA hato / jo mahatvAkAMkSIne bhArata vikhyAta mahAgraMtha gaMthavAM hoya tyahAre hindImAM gUMthatA / mahAkavi nhAnAlAla "kavIravara dalapatarAya" bhAga 3, pR0 108 A-chApakhAnA, prAntIya abhiyAna, musalamAnoMno phArasI akSarono Agraha ane navA prAntika udbodhana na hota to hindI bhApA anAyAse deza bhASA banI jAta / adhika chApakhAnA, chapAvavA lakhavAne cAlyu ne jhagaDAo thayA tethI A gati attkii|" jaina--gUrjara kavioM bhAga 1, mo0 da0 desAI, pR0 15

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mAlocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza jaina kaviyoM kA hindI meM sAhitya-racanA ke prati paramparAgata moha rahA hai / prAntIyatA ko lekara bhASA ke jhagar3e inameM kabhI nahIM uThe, uThe bhI to lokabhASA ko lekara hii| hindI meM lokabhApA aura lokajIvana ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna the / ataH gUrjara jaina kaviyoM ne bhI ise maharpa apnaayaa| inakI hindI bhASA meM, zikSA aura prAntIya prabhAvoM ke kAraNa thor3A antara avazya AyA kintu bhASA ke eka sAmAnyarUpa athavA usakI eka lpatA meM koI vikRti nahIM Ane paaii| gAMdhIjI ne hindI ke jisa rUpa kI kalpanA kI thI, jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM vaha upalabdha hai| hAM, sAdhu-sampradAyoM meM pale kaviyoM kI bhASA saMskRtaniSTha rahI hai / jaina gajaira kaviyoM dvArA hindI meM racatA kiye jAne ke kAraNa (1) sAMskRtika kAraNa : sAMskRtika dRSTi se sampUrNa bhArata eka hai| bhArata ke tIrthoM ne jAti, dharma aura pradezoM ke logoM ko eka-dUsare ke nikaTa lAne meM vizeSa sahayoga diyA hai / inhIM tIrthadhAmoM ne eka-dUsare ke vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna ke liye vibhinna bhASA bhApiyoM ke bIca eka sAmAnya bhASA ko panapane kA avasara bhI diyA hai| jainoM ke . tIrtha bhI sampUrNa deza ke pramukha bhU-bhAgoM meM vidyamAna haiM / deza ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka kI yAtrA meM isI bhASA kA sahArA lenA par3atA thA / (2) rAjyAzraya : jaina kaviyoM ne to rAjyAzraya kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA parantu jaina dharmAvalambI zAsakoM ne jaina dharma aura sAhitya ko Azraya dene kA kArya avazya kiyA hai / musalamAna vAdazAha aura sUvedAra bhI isa dharma ke prati sahiSNu rahe / kaccha ke mahArAva lakhapatasiMhajI ne to bhuja meM brajabhASA pAThazAlA kI sthApanA kI thI jisakA vistRta paricaya diyA jA cukA hai| ina rAjAoM ke kAraNa bhI ina kaviyoM ko hindI meM likhane kI preraNA milatI rhii| (3) dhArmika : sAhitya dhArmika AndolanoM se bhI avazya prabhAvita hotA rahA hai / jaina sAdhu bhI dharma pracAra ke lie deza ke anyAnya bhAgoM meM ghUmate rahe haiN| inakI sAhityika pravRttiyoM se hindI ko kAphI bala milA / jaina bhaNDAroM meM hindI ke aneka granthoM kI, surakSA saMbhava ho sakI hai| (8) sAhityika : - hindI apanI vyApakatA, saralatA, sAhityika sampannatA aura saMgItamayatA ke kAraNa bhI adhika lokapriya rhii| gUrjara jaina kavi brajabhASA ke lAlitya, mAdhurya

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA aura kAvyopayukta guNoM para mugdha rahe aura ise sIkhane tathA isameM apanI alaMkRta abhivyakti ke lie lAlAyita rhe| yaha bhASA itanI kAvyopayukta aura bhAvavAhaka hai ki ahindI bhASA kavi use apanAe vinA na raha sake / (5) bhASA sAmya : gujarAtI aura hindI meM atyanta sAmya hai| isI bhApA-sAmya ko lekara prArambha se ho aneka jainagUrjara kavi hindI bhASA kI ora AkarSita hue aura apanI mAtRbhASA ke sAtha-sAtha khar3IbolI, najabhApA, DiMgala Adi meM bhI kAvya-racanAeM karane lge| (6) vyApArika saMbaMdha : gujarAtI prajA mukhyataH vyApArI prajA hai| gujarAta ke jaina bhI bhArata ke vibhinna prAntoM meM vyApAra calAte rahe haiN| prAcIna kAla meM bhArata kA vyApAra gujarAta ke baMdaragAhoM dvArA huA karatA thaa| ataH gujarAta ke vyApArI varga meM hindI kA kAmacalAU upayoga paramparA se calA AyA hai / - (7) rIti graMthoM kA anuzIlana : kalA-premI ahindI bhApA kaviyoM ko hindI ke rItikAlIna sAhitya ne bhI AkarSita kiyA / saMbhavataH piMgala, alaMkAra rasa Adi kI jAnakArI ke lie aura use apanI bhApA meM DhAlane ke lie ye kavi saMskRta rItigraMthoM ke sAtha hindI ke rItigraMthoM kA bhI anuzIlana, adhyayana karane lage hoMge / yahI kAraNa hai ki gujarAta ke vibhinna jaina bhaNDAroM meM vihArI satasaI tathA anya rItigraMthoM kI bhI pratiyAM upalabdha hotI haiN| pATaNa jaina bhaNDAra meM bhI vihArI satasaI kI cAra-pAMca pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM / (8) rASTrIyaHH mAdhunika yuga meM rASTrIya bhAvanAoM ke udaya ke sAtha hindI ke bhAgya kA bhI udaya hone lagA / rASTrIyatA aura rASTrabhASA ke AndolanoM meM gujarAta Age rahA hai| isa prakAra sAMskRtika, dhArmika, rAjanaitika, sAhityika, vyApArika, rASTrIya tathA anya kAraNoM se bhI gujarAta ke jaina kaviyoM ne hindI kI mahatI sevA kI hai / isa saMbaMdha meM janaka deva kA abhimata samIcIna hI hai "gujarAtiyoM ke hAthoM hindI kI jo sevA huI hai vaha mUka hote huejbhI saMgIna hai / usameM sUrya ke teja kI prakharatA yA AMkhoM meM cakAcauMdha utpanna karane vAlI vijalI-kI camaka nahIM hai| para lAlaTena kI-sI upayogitA avazya hai / usameM dAnezvarI kA 1. brajabhASA kA vyAkaraNa, kizorIlAla vAjapeyI

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza damAma yA rasezvarI kA jAdU nahIM hai, para bar3hI bahana ke prati choTo kintu adhika bhAgyazAlI bahana kI mamatA hai / yaha mamatA bharI sevA, hindI ke vikAsa meM itanI upayogI vana par3I hai ki ahindI bhASiyoM ne hindI kI jo sevA kI hai usameM gujarAtiyoM kA nambara zAyada sabase pahalA hai / "" 62 isa prakAra jaina gurjara kaviyoM ne 15 vIM zatI se Aja taka prAcIna hindI yA prAcIna pazcimI rAjasthAnI, DiMgala, vraNa, avadhI, khar3IbolI, urdU Adi bhASAoM meM aneka gauravagra MthoM kI racanA kI hai / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki hindI, ina bahindIbhASI jaina kaviyo para balAt thopI yA lAdI nahIM gaI thI, unhoMne use svayaM hI zraddhA aura prema se apanAyA thA aura apanI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAyA thA / / 3. Alocya kAla kI pRSThabhUmi ( 17vIM tathA 18vIM zatI ) aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : jaina sAhitya ke svarUpa tathA pravRttiyoM kA avalokana kara cukane ke tazcAt Alocya kAla ( 17vIM tathA 18vIM zatI ) kI aitihAsika, rAjanaitika, sAMskRtika, dhArmika, sAmAjika tathA sAhityika pRSThabhUmi para dRSTipAta kara lenA bhI ucita hogA / manuSya sAmAjika prANI hai / bhAvanAoM kA akSaya koSa tathA pratibhAvAna sAhityakAra kA jIvana apane yuga ke samAja aura jIvana se nizcaya hI prabhAvita rahegA / meghamAlA kI taraha sAhitya-sRSTA apane samakAlIna jIvana -sAgara se bhAva evaM rasa ke kaNoM ko apane andara bhara kara use bhavya aura svaccha rUpa pradAna kara mAM vasundharA ko hI uvara banAne ke lie barasa par3atA hai / isa taraha vaha apane yuga ke prabhAvoM ko grahaNa karatA huA apanI zreSTha racanAoM dvArA apane tathA Ane vAle yuga ko prabhAvita karatA hai / ataH sAhityakAroM ke prAmANika avyayana ke lie, vyAvahArika dRSTi se usa yuga kI vibhinna paristhitiyoM kA avalokana tathA adhyayana Avazyaka hogA / Alocya yuga hindI - gujarAtI kA madhyakAla yA bhaktikAla hI mAnA jAyagA / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne bhaktikAla vi0 saM0 1400 se 1700 taka mAnA hai, kintu jaina bhakti kAvya kI dRSTi se usako vi0 saM0 1800 taka mAnanA cAhie kyoMki jaina kaviyoM ne apanI adhikAMza prauDha bhaktiparaka racanAeM isI samaya meM kI / DA~ hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne bhArata kA madhyakAla 10 vIM zatI se 18 vIM zatI taka 1. "zikSaNa ate sAhitya" janaka dave kA lekha, hindI vikAsamAM gujarAtIono phAlo, julAI, 1951

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA mAnA hai| ve kahate haiM-10 vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa Ate Ate deza kI dharma sAdhanA vilakula naye rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai tathA yahAM se bhAratIya manISA ke uttarottara saMkocana kA Arambha hotA hai / yaha avasthA aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka calatI rhii| usake bAda bhArata varSa phira naye DhaMga se socanA Arambha karatA hai / madhyakAlIna gujarAtI mAhitya kI (15 vIM zatI se 18 vIM zanI) rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi bhI vibhinna halacaloM evaM anekoM uthala-puthala se AkrAMta rahI / gajarAta kA lokajIvana aura sAhitya bhI ina anyAnya paristhitiyoM ke prabhAva se achUtA nahIM rhaa| gujarAta kI saMskRti vibhinna dharmoM aura sampradAyoM ke prati samanvaya vRtti evaM udAra bhAvanA kA paricaya detI huI samRddha evaM vikasita hotI rahI hai / isa dhArmika udAratA aura sA~skRtika samanvaya kA pratibiMva gajarAtI tathA gajarAta meM sajita sAhitya para bhI par3A hai| samasta madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya isI dharma-bhAvanA se otaprota hai| hindI bhASA tathA sAhitya ke Adi srotoM ke lie apabhraMza kA mahatva nivivAda hai, aura apabhraMza meM jaina sAhitya aparimita hai| yaha jaina sAhitya sAmAjika aura aitihAsika vikAsa krama kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai / DaoN0 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ke zabdoM meM ___ "hindI kI kAvyadhArA kA mUla vikAsa solaha Ane apabhraMza kAvya dhArA meM antanihita hai, ataeva hindI sAhitya ke aitihAsika kSetra meM apabhraMza bhASA ko sammalita kiye vinA hindI kA vikAsa samajha meM AnA asambhava hai / bhApA, bhAva aura zailI tInoM dRSTiyoM se apabhraMza kA sAhitya hindI bhApA kA. abhinna aMga samajhA jAnA caahie| apabhraMza (8 vIM se 11vIM sadI) dezIbhApA (12vIM se 17vIM sadI) aura hindI (18 vIM se Aja taka) ye hI hindI ke Adi madhya aura anta tIna caraNa hai|"3 jaina sAhitya para rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika parivartana kI prakriyA kA samarthana karate hue jaina sAhitya tathA itihAsa ke marmajJa kAmatAprasAda jaina likhate haiM bhArata ke isa parivartana (15 vI se 57 vIM zatAbdI) ke prabhAva se jainI - - 1. madhva kAlIna dharmasAdhanA, A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR0 6, 10 2. vahI, pR071 3. kAmatAprasAda jaina kRta "hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa", prAkkathana, pR06 DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ,

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64 Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza achUte na rahe--ve bhI yahA~ ke nivAsI the aura apane par3osiyoM se pRthak nahIM raha sakate the / jaina-jagat meM isa parivartana kI prakriyA sarvAgINa huI / " " aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : sanahavIM aura aThArahavIM zatI mugala sAmrAjya ke utkarSa aura apakarSa ko kahAnI hai | mugala samrATa akabara, jahA~gIra, zAhajahA~, auraMgajeva aura unake uttarAdhikAriyoM kA yaha yuga rahA hai / apane do sau varSoM ke zAsanakAla meM mugaloM ne bhAratavarSa kI sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, dhArmika, sAhityika Adi dazAoM para apanI chApa lagA dI / sAhitya evaM kalA ke kSetra bhI mugaloM ke prabhAva se achUte nahIM raha sake / hindU aura mugaloM ke isa sAmIpya ne bhAratIya samAja evaM rAjanIti ko ekanayA rUpa diyA / ataH mugala kAla kI bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se avalokana apekSita hai / mugala yuga meM gujarAta kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi : mugala sattA ke pUrNatayA jama jAne para sAmAnyatayA sarvatra sukha-zAMti sthApita hone lagI thI / 16vIM zatI meM gujarAta meM bhI zAMti kA vAtAvaraNa rahA / vi0 saM0 1563 meM bahAdura zAha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt punaH vAtAvaraNa azAMta-sA hone lagA thA kintu saMvat 1626 meM akavara ke kuzala netRtva meM gujarAta meM puna: zAMti sthApita ho gaI / gujarAta kA yaha zAMta vAtAvaraNa auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla taka banA rahA / tatpazcAt kucha vikSepoM ke kAraNa adhika anukUla paristhitiyoM ke abhAva meM bhI gujarAtI bhASA sAhitya kA vikAsa hotA rahA / 1 auraMgajeba kI mRtyu ke pazcAt to gujarAta kA vAtAvaraNa punaH kSubdha ho uThatA hai / saradAroM, sUvedAroM aura marAThoM kI svecchAcAritA bar3ha rahI thI / yuga palaTa rahA thA, deza khaMDa-khaMDa hone jA rahA thA / saMvat 1786 meM gujarAta ke bar3audA meM gAyakavADa rAjya kA prasthApana imI kA pariNAma hai / kendrIya zAsana zithila hotA jA rahA thA / mugala samrATa rAva umarAva varga ke hAthoM kI kaThaputalI bana rahA thA / isa vAtAvaraNa kA prabhAva gujarAta ke lokajIvana aura sAhitya para bhI paDA hai / sarvatra avyavasthA aura azAMti ke kAraNa isa kAla kA lokajIvana aura sAhitya kuMThita-sA pratIta hotA hai / mugala yuga kI ina viSama paristhitiyoM meM hindU janatA ke hRdaya meM gaurava, abhimAna aura utsAha ke lie koI sthAna nahIM thA / unake sAmane ho unake deva' mandira girAye jAte the, devamUrtiyoM aura pUjya mahApuruSoM kA apamAna hotA thA aura ye 1. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 63

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 65 loga. kyoMki isa apamAna janaka paristhiti ke garala ko na pI sake ataH apanI saMskRti tathA dharma kI rakSA hetu saMgaThita hone ke liye prayatnazIla huye| rAjanaitika pRSThabhUmi ___ apane gaurava aura svAbhimAna kI rakSA hetu deza ke vibhinna prAntoM kI bhAMti gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM isake pratizodha ke liye svataMtra hindU zAsakoM ne sabhI choTechoTe zAsakoM ko ekatA ke sUtra meM vA~dhane kA prayAsa kiyaa| gujarAta meM kaviyoM ne bhI deza ke svAbhimAna tathA jAti ke gaurava kI rakSA ke liye hindU janatA ke hRdaya meM cetanA jAgRta karane ko prayAsa kiyaa| rAjasthAna meM isakI patAkA rANA-sA~gA ne sNbhaalii| rANA sAMgA ke netRtva meM eka bAra punaH rAjasthAna apanI svataMtratA kI rakSA ke lie ekatA ke sUtra meM baMdhA aura khAnavA ke samIpa saMvata 1584 meM vAvara se bhayaMkara yuddha kiyA / durbhAgyavaza vijaya vAvara - ke hAtha lagI aura saM0 1585 meM rANA sAMgA kI mRtyu ho gii| aba rAjanaitika ekatA bhUlI-visarI vAta ho gaI, rASTrIya bhAvanA kA kahIM koI sthAna nahIM rahA / AMtarika gRhakalaha, vizRkhalatA evaM vinAza se utpanna arAjakatA kA sarva bolabAlA dikhane lgaa| saMvat 1613 meM samrATa akavara siMhAsanArUDha huA / vaha apanI nItikuzalatA ke kAraNa dhIre dhIre sampUrNa bhArata kA adhipati bana baitthaa| saMvat'1616 meM usane Amera ke rAjA mAramala kI putrI ke sAtha vivAha kiyA / Amera ke sAtha hI jodhapura, vIkAnera, jaisalamera, Adi kI rAjakumAriyAM bhI mugala harama meM phuciiN| 1 bhArata ke itihAsa meM mugala samrAToM ne kaI dRSTiyoM se eka yugAntara hI lA diyA / ina mugala samrAToM ne apane lagabhaga 200 varSoM meM zAsana, vyavasthA, rahana-sahana Adi jIvana ke samasta aMgoM para gaharA prabhAva ddaalaa| mugaloM ke pUrva khilajI tugalaDa Adi AtatAiyoM, AkramakoM evaM luTeroM se bhAratIya janatA pUrNa paricita thii| mugala namrAToM meM kucha aMzoM meM hRdaya kA sneha aura AtmA kA svara bhAratIya janatA ne anubhava kiyaa| bhale ye svarNayuga yA rAmarAjya sthApita na kara sake hoM para sArvatrika rUpa se isa vaMza ne saMtopakAraka pragati avazya kI / apane pUrvajoM kI apekSA samrATa akabara ne to aneka vivekapUrNa kArya kiye / usane rAjanIti, dharma, rahana-sahana evaM sAhityaka abhiruci Adi ke sAtha anyAnya kSetroM meM bhI atyanta udAratA-pUrNa nIti se kaamliyaa| mugala kAla kA yaha svargakAla mAtra akabara kI zAsana vyavasthA meM hI rahA / 1 DaoN0 IzvarI prasAda, madhyayuga kA saMkSipta itihAsa

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmAhaka pariveza usake pazcAt punaH aparAhana prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM esa0 ema0 eDavarDa ne likhA hai " solahavIM aura satrahavIM kI zAsanavyavasthA aura siddhAnta-nirmANa mukhyarUpa se akavara ke dUradarzI budghamAn mastiSka kA hI pariNAma thaa|" 1 uttara bhArata meM mugaloM kI sattA ko sudRDha banAne ke lie akabara ne aneka prayatna kiye / vaha mevAr3a ko apanI adhInatA meM pUrNatayA nahIM lA skaa| rANA pratApa apanI svataMtratA ke lie nirantara mugala sattA se lohA lete rahe / bIkAnera aura mevAr3a kI do agnidAhaka zaktiyAM apane Atmagaurava aura sammAna kI rakSA ke lie rAjasthAna meM cetanA kA zaMkhanAda karatI huI akabara jaise pratApI mugala ko bhI cakita aura bhramita karatI rhii| jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ ke samaya meM akabara dvArA prasthApita rASTrIya rUpa kAyama rahA ataH zAnti aura vyavasthA banI rhii| auraMgajeba zAhajahA~ ke jIvana kAla meM hI apane bhAiyoM ko gRhayuddha meM parAsta kara saMvat 1715 meM mugala sAmrAjya kA adhipati vana baitthaa| usane akavara kI nIti kA parityAga kara bhArata ko islAmI rAjya banAne kA prayatna zurU kiyaa| sneha, sahAnubhUti aura sahayoga para prasthApita mugala sAmrAjya kI nIva para auraMgajeba ne kuThArAghAta kiyaa| usane hinduoM para jajiyA kara lgaayaa| hindU mandiroM ko tor3ane ke Adeza diye, jisake kAraNa kAzI meM vizvanAtha, gujarAta meM somanAtha aura mathurA meM kezavarAya ke mandiroM ko dhvasta kiyA gayA / hindU aura musalamAnoM meM bheda nIti kA vyavahAra kiyA gyaa| isa virodhI nIti ke pariNAma svarUpa aneka vidroha saMgharSa calate rahe aura mugala sAmrAjya andara hI andara khokhalA hone lgaa| 18vIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM mugala sAmrAjya dinodina atyadhika avyavisthata ho ho gyaa| dakSiNa meM marAThoM kI zakti bar3ha rahI thii| rAjasthAna ke rAjapUta narezoM kA ghora patana ho rahA thaa| ve aizvarya-vilAsa meM DUve hue the apane vyaktigata svArtho, lAbhoM, evaM sukhoM ko chor3akara marAThoM kA sAmanA karane meM asamartha rahe / yaha marAThoM ke abhyudaya kA yuga thA / deza ke anyAnya kSetroM meM vizeSata: rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM bhI gRhayuddha, sarvatra bhayaMkara mAra kATa, ghRNita-paDyaMtroM evaM avizrasanIya vizvAsa ghAtoM kA dauradaurA cala rahA thA / auraMgajeva ke samasta uttarAdhikArI nirvala nikle| ve anyAnya dezI-videzI zaktiyAM ke hAthoM kI kaThaputalI bane rhe| gujarAta meM bhI auraMgajeba se lekara 19vIM zatI ke prayama caraNa taka azAMti kA vAtAvaraNa banA rhaa| 1 Mugal Rule in India. by S. M. Edwards. p. 159

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 67 dhArmika pRSTabhUmi yadyapi mugala kAla meM rAjanaitika vAtAvaraNa saMgharSapUrNa evaM atyanta ajJAta rahA tathApi dhArmika bhAvanAeM akSuNNa banI rhiiN| akabara kI dhArmika nIti ko prabhAvita karane vAlI pRSTabhUmi bhI kucha aisI thI jisase usakI dhArmika mAnyatAoM meM vividhatA kA samAveza hogayA thA / paitRka dhArmika sahiSNutA, usake zikSaka abdula latIpha tathA saMrakSaka vairAma khA~ kI dhArmika sahiSNutA, sUphI vidvAnoM ke udAra vicAroM, rAjapUta tathA rAjapUta ramaNiyoM ke samparka, vibhinna dharmAcAryo, jainAcArya hIra-vijayasUri, bhAnucandra upAdhyAya tathA jinacanda, sikkha gurU Adi ke prabhAvoM se akavara kI dhArmika nIti kA nirdhAraNa huA thA / vaha apanI dhArmika samanvaya vRtti tayA AdhyAtmikatA se prabhAvita hokara rASTra kA dhArmika netRtva karatA rhaa| kintu yaha dhArmika samanvaya akavara jaise samrATa ke lie apavAda rUpa hI hai| sAmAnyataH to isa yavana jAti ne bhAratIya saMskRti aura dharma ko chinna-bhinna kara diyaa| isake lie ina samrAToM ne dAna kI vRtti se, to kabhI sAdhutA ke AvaraNa meM aneka chalapUrNa prayatna kiye / pavitra devamandira dhvasta kiye gaye, aneka graMthAlaya agni kI lapaToM meM bhasmIbhUta kiye gaye tathA bahumUlya maNiratna AtmasAt kara liye gye| bhAratIya janatA kA mavanIkaraNa bhI kama nahI huA / ina paristhitiyoM meM bhAratIya janatA ke lie eka hI rAstA thA ki vaha apanI maryAdAoM meM sImita rahakara jisa kisI taraha apane pUrvajoM kI nidhi-apanI saMskRti aura dharma kI rakSA krtii| bhAratIya saMskRti, sabhyatA aura dharma se java inakA kisI bhI taraha mela na khAyA to inakA dAnavI adhikAra-pada phUTa pdd'aa| pariNAmataH jainoM aura sikkhoM se bhI bhayaMkara saMgharSa cle| samaya nikalatA gyaa| pratyeka dhArmika sampradAya apane ko puSTa banAne ke prayatnoM meM laga gyaa| pArasparika asahiSNutA tathA tadjanya saMgharSa bhI hote rhe| asahiSNutA aura paraspara meM eka-dUsare ko choTe-bar3e siddha karane ke lie aneka zAsrArtha bhI hone lge| paraspara kA lakSya eka-dUsare ko girAnA hI ho gyaa| isa vipamatA tathA kaTutA ko vAtsalya evaM maitrI meM parivartita karane ke lie saMtoM ne apane Adarza mArga dvArA prazasya prayatna kiye| saMtoM kI bhakti bhAvanA aura nIti projjvala lahareM sarvatra uThane lgiiN| niraMjananirguNa brahma kI upAsanA priya vana clii| kabIra-paMtha, dvad-paMtha mahAnubhAva-paMya Adi paMtha pallavita hue / kintu inakA prabhAva nimnazreNI kI janatA taka hI sImita rahA / ina saMta kaviyoM ne apanI vANiyoM dvArA manuSyatva ko sarvopari rkhaa| bhAratIya janatA

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza ko musalamAna hone se bacAne ke liye ina sudhArakoM ne sarala aura udAra bhAvanA se paMtha aura sampradAyoM kI racanA kii| varNAzrama dharma, avatAra vAda, vahudevo pAsanA. mUrtipUjA, sAkAravAda Adi ko chor3a unhoMne apanI upAsanA vivi musalamAnoM kI bhAMti atyanta sarala vanA dii| prAcIna paramparAgata bhakti bhAvanA kI rakSA karane ke lie bhAgavat sampradAya se udbhuta bhakti ke svarUpa kA pracAra saguNa bhakti ke sampradAyoM ne bhI kiyaa| vallabha sampradAya tathA nimbArka sampradAya ne rAdhA kRSNa kI sarala bhAva kI upAsanA prasArita kii| hita harivaMza ke rAdhAvallabhI sampradAya tathA caitanya sampradAya kI premalakSa gA bhakti Adi kA pracAra vddh'aa| rAmAnanda kI apanI dAsya bhakti se paripUrita rAma bhakti kI dhArA sampUrNa bhArata meM pravAhita huI / saba prakAra ke samAja meM isa rAma-nAma aura rAma bhakti kA sammAna huaa| brAhmaNa varga meM rAma bhakti ke sAtha zivapUjA kA mahAtmya bhI bar3hatA rahA / rAjasthAna meM zakti kI upAsanA bhI atyanta lokapriya rhii| eka aura nirguNa brahma, rAmakRSNa, ziva-zakti kI upAsanA ho rahI thI to dUsarI ora islAma dharma bhI apane pAMva pasAra rahA thA / adhikAMza hindU narezoM ne mugaloM kI adhInatA svIkAra kara lI thii| tathA unase vivAha sambandha bhI jor3a liye the| idhara sUphI sAdhakoM kI mAdhurya bhAvanA hindU-muslima ekatA meM madhyasthI kA kArya kara rahI thii| ___ jaina dharma gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM kendrita ho gayA thaa| isa dharma kA vizeSa pracAra rAjasthAna aura gujarAta kI vaizya jAti taka hI sImita rahA / madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI sAhitya kI sampannatA kA adhikAMza zreya inhIM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko hI hai| isa madhyakAlIna bhaktiyuga meM dharma kI mAtrA pramukha rahI hai| isakA pradhAna kAraNa usa samaya samagra deza kI aitihAsika paristhiti kA eka-sA honA hai| samasta bhAratIya bhApAoM ko tatkAlIna dharmapradhAna sAhitya ke pIche bhI yahI kAraNa hai / DaoN0 zazibhUpaNa dAsa gupta likhate haiM " sabhI adyatana bhAratIya mApAoM ke sAhitya kI aitihAsika pragati kI ekAtmatA vAstava meM Azcarya cakita kara dene vAlI hai| isa aitihAsika ekatA kA kAraNa yahI hai ki sabhI bhApAoM ke sAhitya kA itihAsa prAcIna

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 66 aura madhyayuga meM jo nirmita huA usa samaya bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM kI aitihAsika dazA prAyaH eka-sI thI / " 1 kyoMki auraMgajeba ke tathA usake nirvala uttarAdhikAriyoM ke atyAcAroM se vivaza sajaga hindU dharmAtmAoM ne unake viruddha vidroha dvArA dharmayuddha kA AhvAna karake sAre deza meM eka naI dhArmika krAMti ko janma de diyA thA / eka ora jahA~ mugala hindU jAti aura dharma kA AmUla ucchedana karanA cAhate the vahAM dUsarI ora hindU dhArmikatA dugane - caugune joga ko lekara umar3a par3I thI / isa hindU dhArmikatA ke sAtha unakA vibhinna sAhitya bhI panapatA rhaa| yaha dhArmika sAhitya-sRjana kA krama choTe yA bar3e rUpa : 18vIM zatI ke antima caraNa taka calatA rahA / 'sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi sambandhita do zatAbdiyoM kA itihAsa yuddhoM aura viplavoM kA itihAsa hai ataH sAmAjika paristhiti bhI saMtoSa kAraka nahIM ho sakatI / isa rAjanaitika unahApoha aura sAmAjika avyavasthA ke pariNAma svarUpa samAja kA jIvana stara nIce giratA gayA / aizvarya aura vaibhava meM vilAsitA kI pradhAnatA svataH A jAtI hai / akavara ne to vilAsa kI iddAma laharoM meM apane ko saMyata rakjA para jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ ke vyaktitva meM vilAsa - priyatA asaMtulita rUpa meM prakaTa huI jisakA prabhAva tayugIna sAmaMtoM aura samAja ke anya varga para bhI pdd'aa| phira to " yathA rAjA tathA prajA 17 ke anusAra sAdhAraNa janatA meM bhI vilAsa apanI carama sImA para pahuMca gayA / 4 mugala kAlIna itihAsa ke avyana ke se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki mugala kAlIna samAja aneka vargoM meM vibhakta thA / paraspara unameM atyanta asamAnatA thI peze aura Arthika dazA ke anusAra samAja mukhyataH tIna vargoM meM vibhakta thA vastuta: ina tIna vargoM ke jIvana meM jamIna AsamAna kA antara thaa| jahAM eka aura ucca varga ke loga dina-rAta madirA meM DUbe rahate the vahA~ dUsarI ora nimna varga ke logoM ko jIvakopArjana ke lie kaThina zrama karanA par3atA thA / sAdhAraNa janatA aura adhikArI varga ke jIvana stara meM kucha kutte aura mAlika jaisA antara thaa| pauSTika bhojana, sundara vatra, nirvAha yogya makAna tathA sAkSaratA to nirdhana varga ke bhAgya meM hI nahI / mugala yuga kI ina sAmAjika sthiti ke saMbaMdha meM pAzcAtya vidvAna phrAnsisa polsakra eTa apane 7 varSoM ke anubhava ko abhivyakti dete hue likhatA hai-- 1 Odsbcure Religious Acts, p. 331.

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70 Alocya kavitA kA mAmUhika panveiga " janatA ke tIna varga jo vAstava meM nAma mAtra se svatantra haiM, parantu unakI * jIvana dhArA svayaM svIkRta dAsatA se nahIM ke barAbara hI bheda khAtI hai / kAryakartA, caparAsI, sevaka aura vyApArI, inakA kArya svatantra nahIM thaa| pArizramika atyalpa thaa| bhojana aura makAna kI vyavasthA dayanIya thii| ye sava sadaiva sAhI kAAlaya ke dabAva ke gikAra bane rahate the| yadyapi vyApArI kamI kamI dhanavAna aura Ahata the, parantu bahudhA apanI sampatti gupta rakhate the|" 1 ucca aura nimna varga kI apekSA samAja meM madhya varga ke logoM kI saMkhyA atya. nta kama thii| unakA jIvana sAdA thaa| sAdhAraNa janatA azikSita thii| brAhmaNoM meM paThana-pAThana kI prAcIna padghati pUrvavata thii| dharma ke prati AsthA bhI vaisI hI thii| bhakti kI bhAvanA samAja ke pratyeka kSetra meM apanA prabhutva jamA cukI thii| saMtoM aura sAdhuoM kA samAja meM Adara hotA thaa| deva mandiroM meM upAsanA-kIrtana hotA rahatA thA / dharma kI vibhinna dhArAoM-sampradAyoM meM saMgharpa pravala thaa| kavi aura samAja sudhAraka saMta usa saMgharSa ko sulajhAne meM prayatnazIla the| ___ varNAzrama para janatA kI pUrNa AsthA thii| sriyoM kI dazA zocanIya thii| pardA prathA tathA satI prathA pracalita thii| daheja prathA, chuAchata, bahuvivAha aura vAlavivAha Adi aneka kurItiyA~ usa samaya ke samAja meM vartamAna thI, jisase sAdhAraNa janatA kA jIvana kaSTapUrNa ho gayA thA / __ Arthika sthiti bhI acchI nahIM thii| sAmanta-saradAra aura daravArI loga sukhI aura samRddha the kintu zepa janatA kI dazA kaSTapUrNa thI / 2 sAmAjika aura dhArmika rIti rivAjoM tayA vizvAsoM meM rUDhivAditA A gaI thii| dhArmika puruSoM kI bhakti, unakI mRtyu ke pazcAta unake smArakoM kI bhI pUjA, andhavizvAsa aura andhAnukaraNa Adi kA khUba pracalana thA / sabhI varga-samrATa se sAmAnya janatA taka ke apane puruSatva kI apekSA bhAgya ( daivI zakti ) para adhika vizvAsa karate the| yaha yuga dhArmika ativizvAsa kA yuga thaa| dhArmika aikya aura samanvaya sAdhane ke prayatna bhI khUba hue| nAtha panthiyoM, zaivI kanaphaTe tathA liMgAyata sAdhuoM, sUphiyoM' tAntrikoM Adi kA tathA daivI camatkAroM kA janatA para aTUTa prabhAva thA / janatA dhana prApti ke pralobhanoM meM par3akara tathA vividha dharmoM, vizvAsoM aura tantroM meM par3akara svayaM para se vizvAsa kho cukI thii| atibhautika aura abhautika camatkAroM ke bIca janatA meDa-sI cala rahI thii| 1 jagadIzasiMha gahalauta, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa 2 HiStory of India dy Francis Pelscret

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 71 zikSA kI kamI aura asabhya samAja ke kAraNa deza kA sAmAjika jIvana patana kI ora jA rahA thaa| asaMyama aura madyapAna ne unheM avanati ke garta meM pheMka diyA thaa| deza meM sthita pratyeka varga ke loga ghora-andhakAra meM par3e hue the| nirdhana aura dhanavAna pratyeka ke jIvana kA pratyeka kArya jyotiSa ke anusAra hI hotA thaa| 1 sAdhAraNa janatA meM nRtya aura saMgIta ke prati ruci thii| rAjagharAnoM meM nRtya aura saMgIta kalA apane carama rUpa meM vilAsa-lIlA meM yoga de rahI thii| niSkarpataH tatkAlIna samAja vyavasthA kI unnati ke lie sAmrAjya kI ora se kabhI koI prayatna nahIM hue| samAja kI sthiti anvavizvAsa, bahudharmitA, nirakSaratA, arakSA aura ajJAna se vizakhala, dayanIya evaM azAMta thI / kAjiyoM ke amAnavIya atyAcAroM meM bhI samAja trasta banA huA thaa| sAhityaka pRSThabhUmi mugaloM ke zAsana kAla meM sAhitya evaM kalA kI vahata hI unnati hii| kucha samrAToM kI udAsInatA ke atirikta prAyaH sabhI samrATa sAhitya evaM kalA ke premI the| akabara, jahA~gIra aura zAhajahA~ ne sabhI dharmoM kI svataMtra racanAoM ko khule vAtAvaraNa meM pallavita hone kA suavasara diyA / hindI, phArasI, tathA urdU sAhitya kI paryApta abhivRddhi ke sAtha kalA ke pratyeka aMga ne bhI jIvana pAyA / isa kAla kI kavitA meM bhakti, vIratA aura zRgAMra rasa Adi kA pracAra vizeSata: milatA hai| akavara kA anyAnya dharmoM ke vidvAnoM ke prati udAra bhAva tathA dArzanika-sAMskRtika kAryoM meM pragADha sneha pAkara deza-videza ke vividha mArgoM se usake darabAra meM aneka vidvAna aaye| abdurrarahIma khAnakhAnA phArasI ke sAtha hindI ke vidvAna kavi, ToDaramalajI hindU dharmazAsroM ke acche jJAtA va lekhaka, pRthvIrAja rAThaura, suyogya gAyaka tathA kavi tAnasena, kavIndrAcArya, sundaradAsa, puhakara ciMtAmaNi, banavArI, harinAtha Adi akavarI daravAra ke kavi the| isa samaya meM zvetAmbara, digambara jaina sAdhuoM ne bhI saMskRta, prAkRta aura svabhASA-lokabhASA meM paryApta sAhitya sarjana kiyA / tapa-gacchIya prabhAvaka mahApuruSa hIravijayasUri tathA unake ziSya upAdhyAya zAMticaMdra, svaragacchIya jinacandrasUri Adi 1DaoN. vizvezvara prasAda, bhAratavarpa kA itihAsa

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Alocya kavitA kA mAmUhika pagveiga ne aphavara vAdagAha ko jaina dharma kA svarUpa samajhAyA tathA usakI madamAvanA prApta kara aneka jaina tIrya saMbaMdhI pharamAna, jIva vadha baMdha karane ke Adega tathA pustaka Adi para puraskAra prApta kiye| jahAMgIra ne tapagacchIya vijayamenamUri aura khantaragacchIya jinasiMhasUri ko dhArmika upAdhiyAM dii| gAhajahAM ne bhI ina mUriyAM ke prati apanI sadbhAvanA btaaii| isa sAmAnya gAnti ke kAla meM anyAya dharmoM meM jAgRti AI aura vipula sAhityasarjanA huI / phArasI unnati ke mAtha hindI sAhitya kI bhI paryApta unnati huii| rahIma, rAjA bhagavAnadAsa, vIrabala, tulasI, kezava, vihArI, matirAma, deva, senApati, ziromaNi mizra, vanArasIdAsa, bhUSaNa Adi isa yuga ke acche kaviyoM kI amUlya bheToM se hindI mAhitya ko aisA to svarNima banA diyA ki usakI AmA kamI bhI kama nahIM ho sktii| auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM hindI kI avanati huI, kyoMki auraMgajeva ne ise tanika bhI saMrakSaNa nahIM diyA / kintu hindU-rAjadaravAroM me tathA anyAnya dhArmika mampradAyoM meM kavi aura unakA sAhitya phUlate-phalate rhe| isa yuga ke jaina sAhitya kA AdhAra apanaza kA jaina-kAla hai / apanaga meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA likhe gae mahApurANa, paurANika-carita-kAvya, rUpaka kAvya, kathAtmaka graMtha, saMdhikAvya, rAsanatha Adi paryApta saMkhyA meM upalabdha hai| unake adhikAMga graMtha tIryakara yA jaina mahApurupoM ke caritra varNana karane meM kisI vrata kA mahAtmya batalAne me yA mata kA pratipAdana karane meM jita hue| unakI abhilApA vAstava meM yaha thI ki jaina dharma ke naitika aura sadAcAra sambandhI upadeza janasAdhAraNa taka adhika se adhika pahuMce / 1 yahI kAraNa hai ki ina racanAoM meM dhArmika Agraha vinepa hai| ina racanAoM meM saMsArika rAga ke Upara virAga ko pratiSThita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| 2 yadyapi bhAratIya itihAsa kA madhyakAla agAMta aura nirAnA kA rahA, phira bhI sAhityaka evaM dhArmika dRSTi se yaha yuga atyaMta samRddha kahA jA sakatA hai| isa yuga kI evaM saMvarSapUrNa paristhiti ke madhya me jaina, zaiva, zAkta, vaiSNavoM evaM nAyoM-saMtoM kI racanAeM jana-mAnasa ko anupramANita karane meM sampUrNa sAhitya apabhraMza aura AdikAla kI paramparAoM ko lekara calA hai, parantu sAmayika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika, dhArmika 1 DaoN0 maranAmasiMha, "aruNa", rAjasthAnI sAhitya-pragati aura paramparA, pR0 12 2 DaoN0 AnaMda prakAza dIkSita, belikrimana rukamiNI, bhUmikA, pR0 27

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 73 evaM sAhityaka paristhitiyoM vA usameM bhAva, bhASA, zailI, kAvyarUpa Adi kI dRSTi se pariSkAra va parivardhana avazya huA hai| niSkarSataH sampUrNa bhaktiyuga kA sAhitya jisakA mugalakAla kI rAjanIti aura samAja vyavasthA se ghaniSTa sambandha rahA hai, inhIM saba paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa adhika dhArmika dRDhatA ke sAtha likhA gayA isa yuga meM yadi isa prakAra kA, bhakti evaM dharma pradhAna sAhitya sajita na hotA to saMmabhavataH adhikAMza bhArata kA yavanIkaraNa ho jaataa| sAhitya kI vizAla dharA para dharma sarala evaM sarasa hokara jIvana ke sAya eka ho jAtA hai| bhaktikAlIna sAhitya aura paristhitiyA~ isa bAta kA ujjavala pramANa haiM /

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paricaya khaNDa 2 prakaraNa 2 17vIM zatI ke jaina gUrjara kavi aura unakI kRtiyoM kA pacariya nayanasundara, zubhacandra bhaTTAraka, brahmajayasAgara, ratmakIrti bhaTTAraka, sumati sAgara, candrakIti, vinayasamudra, AnandavardhanasUri, mAladeva, brahmarAyamala, kanakasoma, kuzalalAma, sAghukIti, vIracandra, jayavantasUri, maTThAraka sakalabhUSaNa, udayarAja, kalyANasAgarasUri, abhayacandra, samayasundara, kalyANadeva, kumudacandra, jinarAjasUri, vAdicandra, maTThAraka mahIcandra, saMyamasAgara, brahmaajita, brahmagaNeza, mahAnandagaNi, megharAja, lAlavijaya, dayAzIla, hIrAnanda (hIro saMdhavI), dayAsAgara, hemavijaya, lAlacanda, bhadrasena, guNasAgara sUri, zrIsAra, bAlacandra, jJAnAnanda, haMsarAja, RSabhadAsa, kanakakIrti /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA oo prakaraNa : 2: 17vIM zatI ke jaina gUrjara kavi aura unakI kRtiyoM kA paricaya Alocya kavitA ke sAmUhika pariveza tathA pRSThabhUmi kA avalokana kara cukane ke pazcAt hama isa pariveza meM janme kaviyoM aura unake dvArA racI gaI kavitAoM ko kAlAnukrama se dekhane kA upakrama kreNge|' satrahavIM zatI meM hindI meM kavitA karane vAle gujarAta se sampRttana jaina kavi vipula saMkhyA meM upalabdha hote haiM / ina kaviyoM meM adhikAzataH ajJAta hai yA vismRta ho cuke haiN| inakI racanAeM bhI jaina bhaNDAroM meM davI par3I haiN| hama inameM se kucha cune hue pramukha kaviyoM tathA unakI kRtiyoM kA saMkSipta sAhityaka paricaya denA prasaMgaprApta samajhate haiM kyoMki isase kaviyoM va unakI kRtiyoM kI bhASA sambandhI sthiti spaSTa hogii| nayana sundaraM : (saM0,1562-1613.) ye vaDatapagacchIya mAnumerugaNi ke ziSya the| 1 inhoMne gujarAtI meM vipula sAhitta kI racanA kI hai / ataHsAkSyoM ke AdhAra para inake vistRta jIvanavRtta kA patA nahIM calatA / ye samartha kavi aura vidvAna upAdhyAya the| hindI meM inakI koI svataMtra kRti nahIM miltii| inhoMne gujarAtI bhASA meM praNIta apanI vibhinna kRtiyoM meM saMskRti, prAkRta, hindI tathA urdU ke uddharaNa pracaramAtrA meM diye haiN| kucha aMza to pUre ke pUre hindI-gujarAtI mizrita hI haiN| kucha sphuTa stavanAdi bhI gujarAtImizrita hindI meM prApta haiM, jinameM " zaMkhezvara pArzva - stavana" 132 gAthA kA tathA zAMtinAtha stavana vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN.| 2 / ye . bahuzruta aura vividha bhASAoM ke jJAtA the| 3 jinavijayajI ke pAsa "naladamayaMtI rAsa" kI eka aisI prati hai jisameM prAcIna kaviyoM ke kAvyoM kA subhApita rUpa meM saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / kavi ke samaya meM hindI mApA bhI gujarAta meM paricita evaM mizrarUpa se vyavahRta thI isakA yaha pramANa hai / eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai " kuNa nairI kuNa vallaho, kavaNa anero Apa, bhava anaMta mamatA huAM, nitya navAM mA vaap|" 4 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 254 2 vahI, bhAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR0 755 3 AnaMda kAvya mahodadhi, mauktika 6, pR0 21 4 rUpacaMda kuvara rAsa, pR0 157

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paricaya gaTa ukta paMktiyoM meM kavi ne hindI gujarAtI go pAtmakatA ko bar3e hI gundara DhaMga meM paraspara saMyukta kara diyA hai / isI taraha bahAva aura gumApti nI ghaTegarana aura svAbhAvika rUpa se Aye haiM / kavi kI mAyAbhivyani meM hindI kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hai - " duniyA meM yArA vigara, je jIvaNA mayi phoka, kahyA na jAve hara kise, ApaNe dila kA goka // " ? isI taraha " naladamayaMtI rAsa" aura " rUpacaMda kuvaradAsa" ke kaI prasaMga bIca dIna meM hindI meM racita milate haiN| zubhacaMdra bhaTTAraka : (saM0 1573-1613) ye padmanandi kI paraMparA meM maTTAraka vijayIti ke gipya the / unakI guru paraMparA isa prakAra svIkRta hai-padmanandi, sakalakAti, bhuvanakIti, bAnabhUpana, vijayakIti aura zubhacaMdra / 2 ___bhaTThAraka zubhacaMdra 16vIM-17vIM zatAtabdI ke mahAn sahityasevI, prasiddha maTTAraka, dharma pracAraka evaM zAstroM ke adhyetA ye| zubhacaMdra ke bhaTTAraka banane ke pUrva naTThAraka sakalakIrti evaM unake paTTa, zipya-prazipya bhuvanakoti, jJAna bhUpaNa evaM vijayakIti ne apanI vidvattA, janasevA evaM sAMskRtika cetanA dvArA vAtAvaraNa itanA sarala aura anukUla banA diyA thA ki ina saMtoM ke lie jaina samAja meM hI nahIM jenetara samAja meM bhI lagAva zraddhA paidA ho gaI thii| janma, bAlyakAla, gRhAsya-jIvana, adhyayana Adi ke saMbaMdha meM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| unhoMne saM0 1573 meM AcArya amRtacandra ke " samayasAra kalazoM" para " adhyAtmataraMgiNI" nAma kI TIkA likhI aura saM0 1613 meM varNI kSemacandra kI prArthanA se" svAmIkArtikeyAnuprekSA" kI saMskRta TIkA rcii| ataH racanA kAla vi0 saM0 1573 se 1613 siddha hai / saMbhavataH nadvAraka pada para rahanekA bhI yahI samaya hai| zrI vI0 pI0 johArapura ke matAnusAra ye 1573 meM naTThAraka bane aura saMvat 1613 taka isa pada para bane rahe / 3 balAtkAra gaNa kI IDara zAkhA ke ye mahAraka the| apane 40 varSa ke maTThAraka pada kA khUba sadupayogakara inhoMne rAjasthAna, paMjAba, gujarAta 1 AnaMda kAvya mahodadhi, mauktika 6, " naladamayaMtI rAsa", pR0 206 2 pANDavapurANa prazasti, anta bhAga, zloka 167-171, jaina graMtha pragasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pR0 46-50 3 bhaTTAraka paTTAli, pR0 158

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA evaM uttara pradeza meM sAhitya evaM saMskRti kA bar3A utsAhaprada vAtAvaraNa vinirmita kiyA / inake anya saMskRta graMthoM meM " caMdanA carita bAgaDa prAMta meM nibaddha kiyA ora " kIrtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA " kI racanA mI vAgaDa ke sAgavADA nagara meM huI / isI taraha saMvat 1608 meM pANDava purANa ko hisAra ( paMjAba ) meM sampUrNa kiyA / "" " 11 bhaTTAraka zubhacaMdra apane samaya ke gaNamAnya vidvAna the / saMskRta bhASA para unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thA / unheM " trivivividyAdhara " aura SaTbhApA kavi cakravartI kI padaviyAM milI huI thIM / 1 SaTbhASAoM meM saMbhavataH saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI, gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAna kI bhASAeM thIM / kavi nyAya, vyAkaraNa, siddhAMta, chanda, alaMkAra Adi viSayoM ke apratima vidvAna the / 2 ye jJAna ke sAgara, aneka viSayoM meM pAraMgata tathA vaktRtva kalA meM nipuNa the / unakA vyaktitva bar3A hI AkarSaka thA / saMskRta meM inhoMne vipula sAhitya kA sarjana kiyA hai / pANDava purANa kI prazasti meM unake dvArA likhe gaye 15 graMthoM kA ullekha hai | DaoN0 kasturacaMda kAsalIvAla ne inake 40 graMthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 3 inakI hindI racanAeM isa prakAra haiM. * mahAvIra chanda, vijayakIrti chaMda, guruchaMda, neminAtha chaMda, caturviMzati stuti, kSetrapAlagIta, aSTAhinakA gIta, tatvasAra dohA tathA sphuTa pada / ina racanAoM meM adhikAMza to laghu stavana mAtra hai, jo zrI digambara jaina mandira badhIcandajI, jayapura, tathA paTaudI digambara jaina mandira, jayapura ke saMgrahoM meM surakSita haiM / inakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva vizeSa hai / S " inakI " tatvasAra dohA " kRti vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / DholiyAna jaina mandira, jayapura ke bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / isameM 91 dohe jinameM sAta tatvoM para vistRta prakAza DAlA gayA hai / bhASA gujarAtI mokSa kA nirUpaNa karate hue kavi ne kahA hai 76 23 isakI eka prati aura chanda hai, prabhAvita hai / " karma kalaMka vikAranore, niHzeSa hoya vinAza / mokSa tatva zrI jina kahI, jANavA bhAvu alpAsa / / 16 / / " vibhinna rAgoM meM nivaddha kavi kA pada sAhitya bhI, bhAva, bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se uttama hai / ina padoM meM kavi hRdaya kI bhakti-bhAvanA atyanta sarala evaM svAbhAvika 1 paM0 nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 363 2 383 3 zrI kasturacanda kAsalIvAla saMpAdita prazasti saMgraha, prastAvanA, pR0 12 33

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza rUpa meM abhivyakta huI hai / kavi prabhu ke anantasaundarya kA varNana karatA, usI meM abhibhUta ho apane ko unake caraNa kamaloM meM sthAna dene kI mahatya prArthanA karatA huA kahatA hai- to " peso sakhI candraprabha mukha caMdra | sahasa kiraNa sama tana kI AbhA dekhata paramAnaMda // 1 // samavasaraNa zubha bhUti vibhUti seva karata mata iMdra | mahAsena -kula-kaMja divAkara jaga guru jagadAnaMda || 2 || mana mohana mUrati prabhu terI, meM pAyo parama munida / zrI zubhacadra kahe jinajI, mokU rAkho carana rAjamatI ke bahAne kavi kA bhakta hRdaya paramAtmA ke viraha meM amIma vyathA anubhava karatA hai / milana kI utkaMThA aura vyagratA kA eka citra prastuta aravinda || 3 || 1 hai - " kona sakhI sudha lAve, zyAma kI // kona sakhI sugha lAve // madhurI dhvani mukha caMdra virAjita / rAjamati guNa gAve // 1 // aMga vibhUSaNa manimaya mere / manohara mAnanI pAve // karo kachU taMtamaMta merI sajanI / mohi prAnanAtha milAve || 2 || " 17 zubhacaMdra bhaTTAraka kI adhikAMza racanAeM aisI haiM jinameM hindI - gujarAtI aura kintu unake sphuTa pada vAstava meM vrajabhASA kI bar3I sundara zruti apabhraMza kA milAjulA rUpa dRSTigata hotA hai / bhAva evaM bhASA kI dRSTi se atyanta utkRSTa hai / unameM madhura evaM saMgItAtmaka padAvalI samupalabdha hotI hai / bradma jayasAgara : (saM0 1580 - 1655 ) kA saMbaMdha ye brahmavArI the aura bhaTTAraka rattakIti ke pramukha gipyoM meM te the / ina(gujarAta ) se vizeSa rahIM / inakA sabhaya saMvat 1580 se 1655 taka kA jAnA hai / 2 1 nAthUrAma premI kRta jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, dR0 393 2 zrI kasturacaMda kAsalIvAla saMpA0 hindI pada saMgraha, pR0 268 - 300

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA inakI lagabhaga 12 laghu kRtiyoM kA ullekha DaoN0 kAsalIvAla ne kiyA hai / 1 inakI racanAeM prAyaH laghu aura sAdhAraNa koTi kI haiM jinakA uddezya hindI bhASA evaM jaina dharma kA pracAra pratIta hotA hai / inakI paMca-kalyANa gIta evaM cunaDI gIta racanAeM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| prathama meM zAMtinAtha ke pAMca kalyANakoM kA varNana hai tathA dUsarI kRti eka sundara rUpaka gIta hai| usameM neminAtha ke caritra rUpI cunaDI kI vizeSatA, bhavyatA evaM alaukikatA kA kavi ne bar3A hI kAvyamaya varNana kiyA hai / isa adhyAtmika rUpaka-kAvya ke anta meM kavi kahatA hai " cita cunar3I e je dharameM, manavAMchita nema sukha karase / saMsAra sAgara te tarase, punya ratnano bhaMDAra bharase / / suri ratna kIrati jasakArI, zubha dharma zazi guNa dhArI / nara-nAri cunar3I gAve, brahmajayasAgara kahe bhAve // 16 // " inakI racanAeM prAyaH apabhraMza mizrita rAjasthAnI evaM gujarAtI meM haiM / vipaya tathA bhApA zailI kI dRSTi se ye sAdhAraNa koTi ke kavi haiN| ratnakoti bhaTTAraka 3 : (saM0 1600-1656 ) __inakA janma saMvat 1560 ke Asa pAsa ghoghAnagara (gujarAta) meM huA thaa| 2 ye jainoM kI huMvar3a jAti se utpanna hue the| inake pitA kA nAma seTha devIdAsa aura mAtA kA nAma sahajalade thaa| kavi ke bacapana ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM milatA / bacapana se hI ye vyutpannamati, honahAra evaM sAhityAbhiruci yukta the| prAkRta evaM saMskRta graMrthoM kA inhoMne gaharA adhyayana kiyA thaa| eka dina bhaTThAraka abhayanandi se inakA sAkSAtkAra huaa| bhaTTAraka atyanta prasanna hue| inakI vAla pratibhA, vidvatA evaM vAgacAturya se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne ratnakIti ko apanA ziSya banA liyaa| guru ne unheM siddhAMta, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, Ayurvedika Adi viSayoM ke graMthoM kA adhyayana krvaayaa| vyutpannamati ralacaMdra ne ina sava vidhAoM para evaM maMtra vidyA para mI pUrNa adhikAra kara liyaa| guru bhaTTAraka abhayanaMdi apane yuga ke khyAti prApta vidvAna the / ratnakIrti unhIM ke pAsa rahe aura adhyayana karate rhe| kAlAMtara meM abhayanandi ne unheM apanA paTTazipya ghopita kiyA aura saM0 1643 meM eka vizeSa 1 DaoN0 kasturacanda kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 153 2 valAtkAra gaNa kI sUrata zAkhA kI eka ora paraMparA ma0 lakSmIcandra ke ziSya abhayacandra se AraMbha huI thii| unake paTTa ziSya abhayanaMdi the / ina abhayanaMdi ke ziSya ratnakIrti hue / bhaTThAraka sampradAya, jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura, pR0 200 3 hinkI pada saMgraha, DaoN. kasturacaMda kAsalIvIla, pR0

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Alocya kavitA kA sAmUhika pariveza samAroha ke sAtha bhaTTAraka pada para abhipikta kara diyaa| usa pada para ye saMvat 1656 taka bane rahe / inakA racanAkAla isase kucha pahale se mAnA jA sakatA hai / 82 1 ratnakIrti apane samaya ke prasiddha kavi evaM vidvAna the saundarya, vidvattA, vaibhava evaM caritra Adi guNoM meM ye atimAnava the / unheM dUsarA udayana bhI kahA gayA hai / dIkSA, saMyamazrI, muktilakSmI Adi aneka kumAriyoM ke sAtha unakA vivAha huA thA / ye unake AdhyAtmika vivAha the / unake saundarya ke gIta unake aneka ziSyoM ne gAye haiM / tatkAlIna vidvAna aura kavi, gaNeza dvArA ma0 ratnakIrti kI saundarya-prasaMsA meM kahe zabda avalokanIya haiM " aragha zazisama sohe zubha mAla re / vadana kamala zubha nayana vizAla re // dazana dADima sama rasanA rasAla re / adhara visvAphala vijita pravAla re // kaMTha kambusama rekhAtraya rAje re / kara kisalaya-sama nakha chavi chAje re // " racanAeM : ratnakIrti apane samaya ke acche kavi the / ava inake 40 pada tathA neminA phAga, neminAtha vArahamAsA, nemIzvara hiNDolanA evaM nemizvara rAsa Adi racanAe prApta ho cukI haiM / 1 bhaTTAraka pada kA uttara dAyitva bahuta bar3A hotA thA / inake nirvAha ke lie kaThora hRdaya kI AvazyakatA hotI thI adhikAMza bhaTTAraka paristhitijanya, nirbhaya, vana jAte the / ratnakIrti janma jAta kavi the / inakA hRdaya atyanta sarasa, dravaNazIla evaM sarala thaa| inakA pratyeka pada isa bAta kA pramANa hai / saMta hone ke sAtha sAtha kavi ke mana kI rasikatA inameM phUTa par3I hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki inake padoM meM neminAtha ke viraha se rAjula kI vyathita dazA evaM usake vibhinna manobhAvoM kA mArmika citraNa hai / rAjula kI tar3aphana se bahuta paricita the / kisI bhI vahAne ye rAjula aura neminAtha kA saMyoga cAhate the / rAjula ke niSThura naina sadaiva pratIkSArata haiM / hRdaya kA bAMdha tor3akara ve vaha nikalanA cAhate hai / usa giri kI ora jAne kI AkAMkSA balavatI hotI jA rahI hai, jahA~ nemizvara rahate haiM / yahA~ to usakA mana hI nahIM lagatA - rAta bhI to samApta nahIM hotI, 1 hindI pada saMgraha, mahAvIra graMthamAlA, jayapura, DaoN0 kasturacaMda kAsalIvAla, pR0

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA " varajyo na mAne nayana niThora / sumiri-sumiri guna bhaye sajala dhana, usaMgi cale mati phora / / caMcala capala rahata nahiM roke, na mAnata ju nihora / nita uThi cAhata giri ko mAraga, je hI vidhi candra cakora // tana mana dhana yauvana nahIM bhAvata, rajanI na jAvata mora / ratanakIrati prabhu vega milo, tuma mere mana ke mora // " eka anya pada meM rAjula kahatI hai - neminAtha ne pazuoM kI pukAra to suna lI para merI pukAra kyoM nahIM sunI, " sakhI rI nema na jAnI pIra // bahota divAje Aye mere dhari, ___ saMga lekara haladhara vIra // 1 // nema mukha nirakhI harapIyana sU, ava to hAi mana dhIra // tAmeM pazUya pukAra suni kari, gayo girivara ke tIra // 2 // vibhinna rAgoM meM nivaddha kavi kA yaha pada sAhitya bhApA-bhAva evaM zailI kI dRSTi meM utkRSTa vana par3A hai| kavi kI anya racanAoM meM " neminAtha phAgu" tathA " neminAtha vArahamAsA " vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / 1 inameM kathAbheda nahIM hai, varNanabheda hai / sumati sAgara : ( saMvat 1600-166 ) ye bha0 abhayacaMdra ke pazcAt bhaTThAraka pada para Ane vAle bha0 abhayanandi ke ziSya the| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna donoM meM ina bhaTTArakoM kA nikaTa kA saMbaMdha rahA hai| sumitasAgara brahmacArI the aura apane guru abhayanandi aura unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt bha0 ratnakIti ke saMgha meM rahane lage the / inhoMne abhayavandi aura ratnakIrti kI prasaMsA meM aneka gIta likhe hai / inhoMne ina donoM kA samaya dekhA thA aura isI anumAna para DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAlajI ne inakA samaya saMvat 1600 se 1665 taka kA mAnA hai / 2 1 inakI haratalikhita pratiyAM, zrI yazaHkIti, sarasvatI bhavana, Rpibhadeva 2 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta vyaktitva, DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla pR0 162

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84 paricaya khaMDa inakI 10 laghu racanAeM prApta haiM / 1 ye sabhI racanAeM mApA evaM kAvyatva kI dRSTi se sAdhANataH acchI racanAeM haiM / " nemivaMdanA " se eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai -2 " Ujala pUnima caMdrasama, jasa rAjImatI jagi hoI / Ujalu sohai avalA, rUpa rAmA joi / Ujala mukhavara bhAminI, khAya mukha taMbola / Ujala kevala nyAna jAnU, jIva bhava kalola / " candrakIti : ( saM0 1600-1660 ) gujarAta ke valasADa, vAraDolI tathA rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ke sImAvartI vAgaDa kI bhaTThAraka gAdiyoM se vizeSa saMbaMdhita bha0 ratnakIrti ke priya ziSyoM meM se candrakIrti eka the| ye pratibhA sampanna tathA apane guru ke yogya zipya the| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna inake vihAra ke kSetra the / inake sAhitya nirmANa ke kendra vizeSataH vAraDolI, bhaDauca, DUMgarapura, sAgavAr3A, Adi nagara rahe haiM / inake janma Adi ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| kavi kI eka racanA jayakumAra AkhyAna meM unhoMne apanI guruparaMparA kA varNana karate hue apane guru ke rUpa meM ratnakIrti ko smaraNa kiyA hai| 3 isa kRti kI racanA vAraDolI nagara meM saMvat 1655 meM huii| 4 ratnakIrti apane bhaTThAraka pada para saMvat 1660 taka avasthita rhe| unake pazcAta unake zipya kumudacaMdra bhaTTAraka pada para Ate haiM / candrakIti ne kumudacaMdra kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / isa AdhAra para inakI avasthiti saMvat1660 taka mAnI jA sakatI hai / DaoN0 kAsalIvAla jI ne bhI inakA samaya saMvat 1600 se 1660 taka mAnA hai| 5 1 vahI, pR0 161 2 isakI eka prati mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura ke rajisTara saMkhyA 7 patra saM0 75 para likhI huI hai / kavi kI anya kRtiyAM bhI rajiSTara saMkhyA 8 aura 6 meM nivaddha haiN| 3 teha taNe pATe sIhAvayo re, zrI ratnakIrati suguNa bhaMDAra re / tAsa zIpa surI guNeM maMDyo re, caMdrakIrti kahe sAra re / 4 saMvata sola paMcAvaneM re, ujAlI dazamI caitra mAsa re // vAraDolI nagare racanA racI re, candraprabha subha AvAsa re // 5 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva aura kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsavAla, pR0 160

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jana gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 85 candrakIrti kI prApta racanAoM meM " solahakaraNa rAsa " aura jayakumAra AlyAna vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / inake racita kucha hindI pada bhI upalabdha haiN| solahakaraNa rAsa : vibhinna chandoM aura rAgoM meM racita kavi kI laghu kRti hai| isameM racanA saMvat kA ullekha nahIM hai| isakI racanA bhaDauca nagara ke zAMtinAtha mandira meM huI thii| 1 kavi kI isa rAsa kRti meM poDazakAraNa vrata kI mahimA gAI hai / anta meM kavi ne apanI guruparaMparA kA ullekha kiyA hai / jayakumAra AkhyAna : __cAra sargoM kA vIra-rasa pradhAna eka AkhyAna kAvya hai| prathama tIrthakara " RSibhadeva" ke putra samrATa bharata ke senApati " jayakumAra" kA caritra, isakI kathA kA mukhya AdhAra hai| isakI racanA bAraDolI nagara meM saMvata 1655, caitrasudI dasamI ke dina huI thii| isake prathama sarga meM kavi ne jayakumAra aura sulocanA ke vivAha kA varNana kiyA hai / dUsare aura tIsare meM do bhavoM kA ( pUrva ke ) varNana aura cauthe meM jayakumAra ke nirvANa prApta karane kI kathA varNita hai / mUlataH vIra-rasa pradhAna kAvya hai phira bhI zRMgAra evaM gAMtarasa kA sundara niyojana huA hai| sulocanA ke saundarya ke varNana kA eka prasaMga draSTavya hai ---- " kamala patra vizAla netrA, nAzikA suka caMca / aSTamI candraja bhAla sohe, veNI nAga prapaMca / / sundarI dekhI teha rAjA, cinta meM mana mAMhi / e sundarI sUra sudarI, kinnarI kima kahe vAma // " yuddha kA varNana to atyanta manorama evaM svAbhAvika vana par3A hai| jayakumAra aura arkakIrti ke bIca yuddha kA eka prasaMga avalokanIya hai " hastI hastI saMghAte AthaMDe, ratho ratha sUbhaTa sahU ima bhaDe / haya hayArava java chajayo, __ nIsAMNa nAdeM jaga gajjayo // " bhASA rAjasthAnI DiMgala hai / bhASA evaM bhAva kI dRSTi se kRti mahatvapUrNa hai| 1 zrI marucaya nagare somaNu zrI zAMtinAtha jinarAya re / - -

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paricaya khaMDa kavi kI anya laghu kRtiyAM bhI sAdhAraNataH ThIka hai| kavi ke prApta hindI padoM meM se eka aMza avalokanIya hai - " jAgatA jinavara je dina nirakhyo, dhanya te divasa cintAmaNi sarikho / suprabhAti mukha kamala ju dITha, vacana amRta thakI adhika ju mIThaThu // 1 // saphala janama havo jinavara dIThA, karaNa saphala suNyA tumha guNa mIThA / / 2 / / - dhanya te je jinavara pada pUje, zrI jina tumha vina deva na dUjo // 3 // svarga mugati jina darasani pAMme, "candrakIrati" sari sIsaja nAme // 4 // " bhAva, mApA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se kavi kI sabhI kRtiyAM sAdhAraNataH acchI haiM / vi naya samudra : ( saM01602-1604 Asa pAsa ) ye upakezagaccha meM hue siddhasUri ke ziSya harpasamudra ke zipya the| 1 inake dvArA racita 7 kRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 2 kavi kI samasta racanAeM gujarAtI mizrita hindI meM hai| atyadhika gujarAtI prabhAvita bhASA se kavi kA gujarAta-nivAsI hone yA gujarAta me dIrghakAla taka rahane kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| inakI " mRgAvatI caupAI " vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isakI racanA bIkAnera meM saM0 1602 meM huI thii| zIla viSaya para racita yaha kavi kA eka sundara kAvya graMtha "citrasena padmAvatI rAsa" meM navakAra maMtra kI mahimA hai| isakI racanA saM0 1604 meM huI thii| " padmacaritra" meM rAma aura sItA kA caritra pradhAna hai| unake zIla evaM caritra kI mahimA kA acchA varNana huA hai / __ kavi kI bhASA para gujarAtI tathA rAjasthAnI kA vizeSa prabhAva hai / bhASA zailI kI dRSTi se ye sAdhAraNa koTi ke kavi haiN| isakI racanA saM0 1604 meM huI thii| 1 vikrama prabaMdha rAsa, rAjasthAna ke zAstra bhaNDAroM kI graMtha sUcI, bhAga 3, pR0266 2 jaina-gUrjara kavi no bhAga-3, khaMDa 1, pR0 615-16 tathA bhAga 1, pR0 168-70

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 87 ANadavardhana sUri : (saM0 1608 AsapAsa ) ye kharataragaccha ke dharmavardhanasUri ke ziSya the / 1 inake samakAlIna kharataragaccha meM hI eka anya mahimA sAgara ke ziSya ANaMdavardhana bhI ho gaye inakI racI huI eka kRti 'pavanAbhyAsa caupAI' upalabdha hai / 2 bhApA gujarAtI mizrita hindI hai : gujarAtI bahulA hindI prayoga ko dekhate hue inakA gujarAta meM dIrghakAla taka rahanA siddha hai / inakI anya kisI hindI-gujarAtI kRti kI jAnakArI nahIM milatI / vizepa paricaya bhI anupalabdha hai| pavanAbhyAsa caupaI : ___ isameM kula 127 padya hai / kavi ne ise 'brahmajAna caupAI' bhI kahA hai ' akhAjI jaimI jJAnazrayI kavitA kI yaha sundara kRti hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1608 meM huI thii| 3 udAharaNArya prAraMbha kI kucha paMktiyAM draSTavya haiM , ". parama teja paNamu eka citta, je mAhi dIsai bahulu citta, ___jana hui potai pUrava datta, tau pAmIjai ehaji tatta / " bhApA, zailI kI dRSTi se ye sAdhAraNa koTi ke kavi haiN| mAladeva : ( saM 1612 AsapAsa ) ye vRddha tRpAgaja ke AcArya bhAvadevasUri ke ziSya the| 4 inakA adhikAMza nivAsa bIkAnera kA bhaTanera sthAna rahA hai ata: inakI racajAoM meM mAravAr3I kA vigepa asara hai / khaMbhAta ke zrAvaka kavi RSibhadAsa ne apane " kumArapAla rAsa" ke prAraMbha meM jina jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai unameM mAladeva kA bhI ullekha hai / 5 inakI eka racanA " bhojapravaMdha" ke saMbaMdha meM nAthUrAma premIjI likhate haiM 6 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 4, khaNDa 1, pR0 1000 2 vahI, 3 saMvata sola aThotara varasi, Aso mAsi raciuM tana harasi / vahI, padya saM0 124 4 prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, saMpA0 DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMr3esara, pR0 32 5 " haMsarAja", "vAMcho", "depAla", "mAla", "hemanI buddhi vizAla, "susAdhu", "haMsa" samaro (yo 6) "suracaMda" zItala vacana jima zArada caMda // 54 // kumarapAla rAsaRSabhadAsa / 6 hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI, pR0 45

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA bhASA prIr3ha hai ; parantu usameM gujarAtI kI jhalaka hai aura apanaza gabdoM kI adhikatA hai| kAraNa, kavi gujarAta aura rAjapUtAne kI boliyoM se adhika paricita thaa|" igane bhI kavi kA gujarAta se dIrghakAlIna sambandha sthApita hotA hai| mAladeva bar3e acche kavi ho gaye haiN| inake prAkRta evaM saMskRta graMtha bhI milate haiM / gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI mizrita hindI kI racanAeM stara evaM saMkhyA kI dRSTi se bhI vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM / inakI 11 racanAoM kA patA calA hai / 1 inake anantara zrI nAhaTAjI ne inakI anya kucha racanAloM ke sAtha gIta, stavana, sajjhAya Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 2 'mahAvIra pAraNA', 'mahAvIra lorI, tathA 'purandara caupAI' kA prakAzana bhI zrI nAhaTA jI dvArA huA hai| kavi kI adhikAMga racanAoM meM racanA-saMvata tathA racanA sthAna kA ullekha nahIM hai| inakI ' vIrAMgadA caupAI' meM racanA kAla saMvata 1612 diyA gA hai ataH isI AdhAra para unakA upasthita kAla saMvata 1612 ke Asa pAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai / __ kavi kI adhikAMza racanAeM loka kathA para AdhArita haiM inakI racanAoM meM prayukta subhApitoM kI lokapriyatA to itanI rahI ki paravartI kaviyoM ne bhI inake subhApitoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai / jayaraMga kavi ne apane saMvata 1721 meM race kayavannA rAsa meM mAla kavi ke sumApiyoM kA khulakara prayoga kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha " dusaha vedana viraha kI, sAca kahe kavi mAla, ji jiMNakI jor3I vichar3o, taNikA kavaNa havAla // 3 // " kavi kI kucha pramukha racanAoM ke dvArA hama inakI bhApA kA paricaya prApta karane kA yatna kreNge| purandarakumAra caupaI racanA 372 padyoM meM racita hai| isakI racanA saMvata 1652 meM hii| 3 muni zrI jinavijayajI ne apane pAsa kI isakI prati ke viSaya meM likhA hai 4-- " yaha 'purandara kumAra caupaI' grantha hindI meM hai ( gujarAtI meM nahIM ) ise maiMne Aja hI ThIka ThIka dekhA hai / racanA acchI aura lalita hai|" apanI isa kathA kI sarasatA ke lie kavi svayaM kahatA hai - 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR0 807-816, tathA bhAga-1, pR0 304-10 2 paraMparA, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA mavyakAla, le0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR1 72 3 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 306 4 hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI, pR0 44

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paricaya khaMDa , , 8 " naranArI je nasika te, muNiyahu saba cinulAi / DhUMTha na kaba hi ghumAiyahiM, vinA sarasa tara naai| marasa kathA jai hoI tI, muNaDa savihi mana lAi / jihAM mubAna hovahi kusuma, marama madhupa nihAM jAi // " kavi kI yaha racanA prAsAdaguNa yukta hai| isameM ucca koTi kI kavi pratibhA ke dargata hote haiN| bhoja prabaMdha 1 lagabhaga 2000 lokoM se pUrNa tIna adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kRti hai| kathA kA AdhAra pravaMca cintArmANa nathA vallAla kA bhoja prabandha hai, phira bhI racanA prauDha evaM svataMtra hai / bhApA kahIM mAmAnya aura kahIM apabhraMna se prabhAvita hai-- " banateM vana chipatau phinDa, gavhara vana nikuMja / mukhaDa bhojana mAMgivA, govali mAyau muMja / / 247 / / gokuli kAI gvArinI, UMcI baiThI gyaatti| sAta putra nAtai bahU, dahI vilobahiM mATi / / 48 // " . ina paMktiyoM meM najA muMja ke yuddha meM parAjita hokara eka gAMva meM Ane kA varNana hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne isakI eka apUrNa prati kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 2 " vikrama paMcadaNDa kathA " ( 1715 gAthAoM kI vRhada racanA ) 3, " devadatta coraI" ( 560 padyoM kI racanA ) 4, " vIrAMgadA caupai" ( 75 padoM kI racanA ) 5, " sthUlamana phAga" ( 100 padyoM kI kRti ) 6 tayA "rAjula neminAtha dhamAla" (64 padyoM kA laghu kAvya ) 7 anubhUti kI dRSTi se kavi pratimA ke paricAyaka va bhASA kI dRSTi se apabhraMza va gujarAtI me prabhAvita haiN| 1 hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI, pR0 45 * jaina gUrjara kavio, mAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR0 806 3 vahI, pR0 812, 4 vahI, pR0813 5 vahI, pR0 814 . 6 (a) vahI, pR0 815 (A) DaoN0 nogIlAla sAMDesarA, saMpA0-pragIna phAga saMpA0 prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, pR031 - 7 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 6, viNDa 1, pR0 816 .

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60 jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA brahmA rAyamalla : (saM0 1615-1633) ye mUlasaMgha zAradA gaccha ke AcArya ratnakIti ke paTTadhara anantIti ke ziSya the| 1 ratnakIrti kA sambandha rAjasthAna aura gujarAta kI aneka maTThAraka gar3hiyoM se rahA hai| inhIM kI paramparA meM hue brahmarAyamalla kA janma hUbar3a jAji meM huA thaa| inavaipitAkA nAma mahIya evaM mAtA kA nAma caMpA thA / 2 samuda taTa para sthita grIvApura meM " bhaktAmara stotravati" ke racane kA ullekha DA0 kAsalIvAla ne kiyA hai| inakI adhikAMga racanAeM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM racI gaI hai isI AdhAra para zrI nAhaTA jI ne inheM rAjasthAna kA nivAsI batAyA hai / 4 kavi ke janma aura jIvanavRtta ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM parantu racanAoM meM gujarAtI kA puTa devate hue yaha saMbhAvanA pratIta jotI hai ki gujarAta meM sthita kisI bhaTTAraka gaddI se inakA sambandha avazya rahA hogA / solahavI zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM pANDe rAyamalla bhI ho gaye haiN| ye saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke prakANDa vidvAna the| kavidara banArasI dAsa ne unhIM rAyamalla kA ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN0 jagadIza candra jaina inhIM rAyamalla ke lie likhA hai ki ye jainAgama ke bar3e bhArI vetA tathA eka anubhavI vidvAna the| 5 vivakSita brahma rAyamalla inase pRthaka haiM / 6 brahma rAyamalla janma se kavi the unameM hRdaya pakSa pradhAna thaa| inhoMne hindI meM aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kii| inakI bhApA sarasa aura prasAda guNa se yukta hai| inhoMne jaina naiyAyikoM aura saiddhAMtikoM kA bhI gahana adhyayana kiyA thA inake sarala kAvyoM meM jaina dharma ke tattva tathA mAnava kI sUkSma vRttiyoM kA gahana paricaya hai yahI kAraNa hai ki inakA kAvya rasapUrNa ho uThA hai| 1 jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga, dilapI, pR0 100 2 prazasti saMgraha' di0 jaina atizaya kSetra thI mahAvIrajI, jayapura, DaoN. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, pR0 11 3 vahI 4 hindI sAhitya, dvitIya khaNDa, saMpAdaka pradhAna DaoN. dhIrendra varmA, pR0 476 1 hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, kAmatAprasAda jaina, pR0 76 6 paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne donoM ko eka hI samajhA thaa| hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 50

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paricaya khaMDa brahya rAya nalla ke sAta hindI kAvya prApta haiM, jinakI pratiyAM jayapura ke bhaNDAroM meM surakSita haiM / 1 inakI racanAeM isa prakAra haiM1 nemIzvara rAsa ( saM0 1615 ) 5 zrI pAla rAsa ( saM0 1630) 2 hanuvanta kathA ( saM0 1613) 6 bhaviSyadatta kathA ( saM0 1633 ) 3 sudarzana rAsa (saM0 1626 ) 7 nirdoSa saptamI prata kathA 4 pradyumna caritra ( saM0 1628 ) (aprApta ) " nemIzvara rAsa" neminAtha kI bhakti meM racA gayA kAvya hai| hanuvanta kathA : aMjanA putra hanumAna aura bhaktamatI aMjanA kI caritra gAthA hai| hanumAna ke pitA kA akhaNDa vizvAsa hai ki jinendra kI pUjA se AtmA nirmala hotI hai aura mokSa kI prApti hoto hai / pUjana kI taiyArI kA eka prasaMga avalokanIya hai " kUkU cadaMna dhasivA dharaNI, mAMjhi kapUra meli atI ghaNI / jiNavara caraNa pUjA karI, avara janma kI thAlI bharI / / " kSatriya putra vAlaka hanumAna kA bhI ojasvI citraNa huA hai" vAlaka java ravi udaya karAyA, andhakAra saba jAya palAya / vAlaka siMha hora ati sUro, dantighAta kare ck-cero| savana vRkSata vana ati vistAro, ratI agni kare daha chaaro|| jo vAlaka kSatriya ko hoya, sUra svabhAya, na chor3e koya / / " pradyumna caritra kI eka prati saMvat 1820 kI likhI Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai isakI prazasti meM batAyA gayA hai ki isakI racanA harasora gaDha meM saMvata 1628 ko huI thii| mudarzana rAsa kI racanA saM0 1626, vaisAkha zukla saptamI ko huI thii| samrATa akabara ke rAjyakAla meM racita isa kRti meM akavara ke lie kahA hai ki vaha indra ke samAna rAjya kA upabhoga kara rahA thA tathA usake hRdaya meM bhArata ke SaT darzanoM ke prati atyanta mammAna thaa| - " sAhi akabara rAjaI, aho bhogave rAja ati indra samAna / ' aura carcA ura rAkhai nahIM aho chaH darasaNa ko rAkhai jI mAna // 1 // " 1 vIravANI varSa, 2, pR0 231

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavinA ina rAsakI eka prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM haiN| racanA sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hai / ra zrIpAla rAsa kI 40 pannoM kI eka prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai / inameM 297 padya hai aura saM0 1686 ko likhI prati hai / isameM rAjA zrIpAla kI kathA hai kathAnaka bar3A ho manorama aura bhaktipUrNa bhAvoM se ApUrNa hai / jinendra kI bhakti isakA pramukha viSaya hai / bhaviSya datta kathA kI racanA saM0 1933 meM kArtika mudI codana ko zanivAra ke dina huI thI / 1 saM0 1690 kI likhI eka prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / usameM 67 panne haiM / uparyukta sabhI graMthoM meM unakI hindI bhASA gujarAtI tathA apabhraMza se prabhA vita huI prApta hotI hai / kanakasoma (saM0 1615 - 1655 ) ye kharataragacchIya dayAkalana ke ziSya amara mANivaya ke ziSya sAdhukIti ke gurubhrAtA the 2 inakA janma osavAla nAhaTA parivAra meM huA thA / samvat 1638 meM samrATa akabarake AmaMtraNa para lAhaura jAne vAle jinacandrasUri ke sAtha Apa bhI the / 3 "maMgala kalaza bhAga" 4 tathA apAr3ha bhUti svAdhyAya 5 nAmaka gujarAtI racanAoM ke sAtha inakI eka hindI racanA jar3ata padaveli 6 bhI prApta hotI hai / " " 16 " jaita padaveli " meM kharataragacchIya sAdhukIrti dvArA akabara ke darabAra meM tapAgacchayoM ko zAstrArtha meM niruttara karane kA varNana hai / // 1 solaha se taitIsA sAra, kAtika sudI caudasa sanivAra | svAMta nakSatra siddhi zuma jauga, pIr3A khana vyopai roga // aMtima prazasti "" "' " dayA amara mAdhikya " gurusIsa sAdhukIta lahI jagIsa | muni " kanakasoma ima mAkhaI, cauviha zrI saMgha kI sAkhaI // 46 // PS1 , "} 3 yuga pradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri, agaracaMda tathA bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 4 prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, saMpA0 DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, pR0 33, prakA0 pR0 150-71 5 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 245 6 rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI graMtha sUcI, bhAga 3, pR0 117

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paricaya khaMDa isameM 46 chaMda hai| isakI eka prati bIkAnera bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / vuddhasAgara dvArA satIdAsa saMghavI ke mAdhyama se sAdhukIti ko lalakArane kA varNana bhApA aura abhivyakti kI dRSi se dekhane yogya hai - "tapale caracA uThAI, dhAvaka ne bAta suNAI // 8 // mo sarikho paMDita joI, nahIM majhina Agare koI, tiNi garva iso mana kodhaka buddhisAgara apayaga lIghau // 6 // zrAvaka Age ima bolaI, anha gAthA rama kuNa kholi| zrAvaka kahai garva na kIjai, pUchI paMDita samajhI jai // 10 // . saMghavI satIdAsa ku pUchaI, tumha guru koi ihAM chi| saMghavI gAjI naI bhAvaI', sAdhukIti chai ibha dAkhaI // 11 // " sAdhukIrti tatva vicAryoM, tatvAratha mAMhi saMmAyo / pauSadha chai prakAra, vUjhayo nahIM sahI gamAra // 13 // " una uddharaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki kanaka soma kI bhApA gujarAtI se yatkiMcit prabhAvima hai| - kugala lAbha : ( saM0 1616 AsapAsa ) kusala lAbha rAjasthAna ke kavi ke rUpa meM prakhyAta haiN| isa saMdarbha meM inakA ullekha isa lie kiyA jA rahA hai ki gujarAta ke jaina itihAsakAroM tathA lekhakoM ne inheM jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ke antargata parigaNita kiyA hai| 1 inakI kRtiyoM kA avalokana karane se bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gujarAta ke vIrabhagAma, khaMbhAta Adi sthAnoM meM dIrghakAla taka nivAsa karake inhoMne paryApta kAvya racanAeM kI haiN| ye kharataragacchIya abhayadeva upAdhyAya ke ziSya the| 2 inake saMbaMdha meM vizeSa jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ke vibhinna sthaloM meM racita inakI aneka racanAeM prApta haiN| rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura hindI tInoM bhASAoM meM inakI kRtiyAM milatI haiM -isase spaSTa hai kavi kA gujarAta se ghaniSTa saMbaMdha rahA hai / ye janmajAta kavi the / inhoMne bhatti zRgAra aura vIra rasa meM saphala kavitAeM kI haiN| unakI zUgAra paraka racanA "mAdhayanalakAsa" kaMdalA" hai, jisakI racanA zrAvaka hararAja kI preraNA se phalguna sudI 13 1 jaina-gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 211-16 tathA bhAga 3 khaNDa 1 pR0 681-87 2 "zrI paratara gacchi sahi gururAya, guru zrI abhaya dharma uvajhAya / " / kuzalalAbha kRta tejasAra rAsa, antima padya, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhA0 1, pR0214

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paricaya maMDa raviAra ko saM0 1616 meM huI thii| 1 isa kRti meM kula sAr3he pAMca sau caupAiyA~ haiM / isa meM mAdhavAnala aura kAmakaMdalA ke prema kA vaDA manorama kathAnaka liyA gayA hai / prema aura zRgAra ke viSaya kA vaDA hI ziSTa aura maryAdApUrNa nirvAha-isa kAvya kI vizeSatA hai| kavi kI yaha racanA Aja bhI rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM atyadhika prasiddha hai| inako dUsarI prasiddha aura lokapriya rAjasthAnI kRti " DholAmArU caupAI" hai| jinakI racanA saM0 1617 meM huI thii| 2 loka kathAo sambandhI kavi ke ye dono granya Ananda kAvya mahodadhi meM prakAzita haiN| " DholA mArU-rA dohA" kA prakAzana nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI se bhI huA hai aura "mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA" kA prakAzana gAyakavADa oriyanTala sIrIja, vaDodA se| kuzalalAma jaisalamera ke rAvala hararAna ke Azrita kavi the| inhI rAvalajI ke kahane se kavi ne isa kRti kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| kavi ne rAjasthAnI ke AdikAvya " DholA mArU rA dUhA" meM caupAIyAM milAkara prabaMdhAtmakatA utpanna kI hai| 3 zrI nAhaTAjo ne kuzala lAbha kI 11 racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 4 ina racanAo meM "zrI pUjyavAhaNa gItama" 5, " navakAra chaMda " tathA "goDI pAca nAtha chaMda" inakI hindI kI racanAe~ hai| kavi kI anya hindI racAnAo meM sthUlIbhadra chattIsI" racanA bhI prApta hai 6 zrapUjyavAhaNa ke caraNoM meM samarpita ho uThA hai| kAvya vaDA hI sarasa, bhAva saundarya bhASA samyayA se ota prota hai "rAvala mAli supATa dhari, kuMvara zrI harirAja / viracieha siNa gArasi; tAsa ketUhala kAja // saMvat sola solotaraha, jaisalamera majhAri / phAguNa sudi terasi divasi, viraci Aditya vAra / / gAthA sADhI panvaNai: e caupai pramANa / " mAdhavAnala caupaI, prazasti saMgraha, jayapura, pR0 247-248 2. saMvat solasaya satarotaraI, ApA trIji vAra surgurnii| mArana DholAnI caupaI, jaina gUrjara kavioM, bhAga 1, pR0 213 3 DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne yahI mAnA hai-hindI sAhitya kA AkiAla, vihAra rASTbhApA pariSad, paTanA, 1952, I0, pR0 67 4 ragaMparA, zrI nAhaTAjI kA lekha, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla, pR0 05 5 prakAzita, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, saMpA0 zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA 6 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hasta0 graMthoM kI khoja, 4, pR0 105

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 65 <3 sadA guru vyAna snAna lahari zItala vahaI re / kIrti sujasa visAla sakala jaga sAte kSetra sudAma sudharmaMha zrI guru pAya prasAda sadA sukha " goDI pArzvanAtha stavanam " mI kavi kI hindI mukhya viSaya bhakti hai / isameM 23 padya hai / 2 navakAra chanda kI prati ahamadAvAda ke gulAva vijayajI ke bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / 3 isameM 17 padya haiM tathA paMca parameSThI kI vaMdanA se saMbaMdhita hai / sthUlabhadra chattIsI : maha mahai re / nopajai re / saMpajar3a re / / 64 / / " racanA hai / ? prastuta stavana kA isa kRti meM kavi ne racanAkAla nahIM diyA hai / isameM kula 37 padya haiM / yaha kRti bIkAnera kI anUpa saMskRta lAyabrerI ke eka guTake ke pRSTha 91-98 para aMkita hai | AcArya sthUlabhadra kI bhakti isa kAvya kA mukhya viSaya hai / bhASA vaDI bhI sarala evaM bhAvAnukUla hai / bhAvoM meM sajIvatA hai, svAbhAvikatA hai 22 'vaisA vAiDa suNI bhayaka lajjita muNi, soca kari sugurana kai pAsa AvaI / cUka aba mohi parI caraNa tadi sira dhari, Apa aparAdha ApaI khabhAvai // 37 // " sAdhukIrti : (saM0 2618 - 1646 ) ye trahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha ke kaviyoM meM se eka hai / sAdhukIrti kharataragacchIya mati vardhana - meranatilaka- dayAkalaza-amaramANikya ke ziSya the / 5 ye osavAla vaMsIya sacitI gotra ke zAha vastupAlajI kI patnI khemaladevI ke putra the / isI nAma ke eka ora kavi paMdrahavIM zatI meM ho gaye haiM, jo vadratapagaccha ke jinadattamUri ke ziSya the / 6 vivakSita sAdhukoti kharataragaccha ke sAdhu the aura inakA saMbaMdha jaisalamera vRhad jJAna 1 isakI eka prati, baDaudA ke zrI zAntivijayajI ke bhaNDAra meM surakSita haiM / isakI dUsarI prati, jayapura ke paM0 lUNakarajI ke mandira meM, guTakA naM0 66 meM likhita hai / 2 jaina-gurjara kavioM, bhAga 1, pR0 216 3 jaina gurjara kavioM, bhAga 1, pR0 216 4 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, caturtha bhAga, agaracaMda nAhaTA saMpAdita, sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura, 1954 I0, pR0 105 5 jaina gUrjara kavioM, bhAga 1, pR0 216 3 vahI, pR0 34

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pariya vaMDa maMDAra ke saMsthApaka jinabhadrasari kI paramparA se rahA hai| ye acche viddhavAna the| saMskRta ke to prakANDa paMDita the jinhone maM0 1625. migasara vadI 12 ko Agare meM akabara kI sabhA meM tapAgacchIya buddhinAgara se gAtrArtha kara vijaya prApta kI thii| "vizeSa nAmamAlA", "saMbapaTTaka vRti", "matAbhara avacUrga" Adi unakI saMskRta ncanAe~ haiN| maM0 1622 vaisAkha zukla 15 ko jinacandra mUri ne inakI upAdhya par3ha pradAna kiyA thaa| kavi ne sthAna sthAna para jinacandrasUri kA smaraNa kiyA hai| maM0 1646 kI mAva kRSNA caturdagI ko jAlora meM anAna kara ye svarga yidhAre / __ inake janma aura jIvanavRtta ke saMbaMdha meM jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| pantu inakI kucha racanAeM, gujarAta meM bAma kara pAThaNa meM racI hue prApta haiN| isase spaSTa hai katri kA gujarAta me paniSTa saMbaMdha rahA hai| inakI hindI, rAjasthAnI racanAoM meM gujarAtI ke atyadhika prabhAva ko dekhate hue saMbhava hai kavi gujagata ke hI nivAmI nhe ho| zrI mo0 80 desAI ne inakI 16 racanAo kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1 sAdhukIti bhakta kavi the| vizeSataH stuti, stotra, stavana aura padoM kI racanA kI hai| kucha hindI racanAoM kA paricaya yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| 'sattarabhedI pUjA prakaraNa' : kRti kI racanA ahilapura pAThaga meM saM0 1618 zrAvaNa zukla 5 ko huI thI / 2 isakI dUsarI prati jayapura ke Tholiyo ke digambara jaina nandira meM guTakA naM0 33 meM nibaddha hai| "cUnar3I" kI eka prati saM0 1648 kI likhita jayapura ke TholiyoM ke jaina mandira meM guTakA naM0 102 meM saMkalita hai / "rAga mAlA" kI prati bhI uparyukta mandira ke guTake naM0 33 meM nibaddha hai| "pramAtI" rAga dezAkha meM racita yaha eka laghu racanA hai / "zatra jaya stavana"-patrahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa kI racita kRti hai / 4 inakA Adi-anta dekhie "paya praNamI ne, jiNavaranA zuma bhAva laI / puDaragiri 2 gAimu gurana supasAuna lii||" 1 jana gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 216-221 : bhAga 3, baNDa 1, pR0 669 700, khaMDa-2, pR0 1480 2 aNahalapura gAMti naba nuva rAI, no prabhu navanidhi sidhi vAje / saMvat sola jaThAra zrAvaNa muMdi / paMcami divasi samAjaDa // 3 // jaina gurjara kavioM, bhAga, pR0 220 3 jaina-gUrjara kavikoM, bhAga 1, pR0 221 - . 4 vahI

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA ima karIya pUjAya dhAjo gahi saMgha pUjA AdaraI, sAhammivacchala karaI bhaviyAM, bhava samudra lIlA taraI / saMpadA sohga teha mAnava, riddhi vRddhi bahu lahaI, amara mANika sIrana suparai, sAbukIrti sukha lahaI || 11 'nami rAjapi caupaI' - isakI racanA saM0 1636 mAgha zukla 5 ke dina nAgora meM huI thI / 1 inakI bhASA gujarAtI mizrita hindI hai / sumati kIrti : (saM0 1620 AsapAsa) satrahavIM zatAbdI meM "sumatikIrti" nAma ke do saMta hue aura donoM hI apane samaya ke vidvAna the / inameM se eka bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya the tathA dUsare bhaTTAraka zubhacaMdra ke / Alocya " sumatikIrti" prathama sumatikIrti hai jo mUlasaMgha meM sthita nandisaMgha balAtkAragaNa evaM sarasvatIgaccha ke jJAnabhUSaNamUri ke ziSya the / 2 inhoMne apanI" " prAkRta paMcasaMgraha" TIkA saMvat 1620 bhAdrapada zuklA dazamI ko IDara ke Rpadeva mandira meM pUrNa kI thii| jisakA saMzodhana jJAnabhUSaNa ne hI kiyA thA / 3 sumatikIti apane samaya ke eka vidvAna saMta the aura sAhitya-sAdhanA hI inakA lakSya thA / saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI evaM rAjasthAnI ke acche vidvAna the / inakA adhikAMza samaya sAhitya sAdhanA meM hI vyatIta hotA thA / inakI nimna racanAe~ upalabdha haiM - (1) dharma parIkSA rAsa, vivAda, (4) vasaMta vidyA - vilAsa, dehalyo mAnava bhava sAdho re mAI / ) dharma parIkSA rAsa : 67 (2) jinavara svAmI vInatI, (3) jihavAdaMta (5) pada ( kAla bhave to jIva bahU~ parimamatA tathA ( 6 ) gItalanAtha gIta | isakI eka prati agravAla digambara jaina mandira, udayapura meM surakSita hai / yaha eka hindI racanA hai jisakA ullekha paM0 paramAnaMdajI ne apane prazasti saMgraha kI bhUmikA meM kiyA hai / 4 isa graMtha kI racanA ha soTa nagara (gujarAta) meM saMvat 1625 meM huii| isakA antima chaMda isa bAta kA pramANa hai / 1 vahI bhAga 3, pR0 666 2 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, pR0 3 paM0 paramAnandajI dvArA sampAdita, "prazasti saMgraha ", 4 vahI, pR0 74 pR7 75

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ha8 paricaya khaMDa "paMDita heme prerayA ghaNu vagAya gane vIradAsa / hAsoTa nagara pUro huvo, dharma parIkSA rAsa // " saMvat sola paMcavImame, mArgasira mRdi vIja vAra / rAsa ramaDo raliyAmaNo, pUrNa kivo ke sAra // " "jinavara svAmI vInatI" 23 chaMdoM meM racita eka stavana hai / racanA nAdhAraNa koTI kI hai / "jihvAdanta vivAda" 11 chaMdoM meM racita eka labu racanA hai| isameM kavi ne jihvA aura dAMta ke bIja ke vivAda kA marala mApA meM varNana kiyA hai| "vasaMta vilAsa gIta" kI eka prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra ke eka guTake meM nibaddha hai| 22 chaMdoM kI isa racanA meM kavi ne neminAtha rAjula ke vivAha-prasaMga ko lekara sundara evaM sarala abhivyakti kI hai / isa gIta meM vasaMtakAlIna naigika supamA kA bhI bar3A vistRta varNana huA hai / vasaMta vilAsa gIta sAdhAraNataH acchI racanA hai| kavi kI anya racanAe laghu haiM / gIta, pada evaM saMvAda rUpa meM ye laghu racanAeM kAvyatva se pUrNa haiN| ye gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI anapar3ha aura mithyADambaroM kI vipAtrata pravRtyioM meM phaMsI janatA meM apanI sAhitya sAdhanA evaM AtmasAdhanA dvArA cetanA jagAne kA nirantara kArya karate rahe / ataH inakI bhASA sarvatra gujarAtI mizrita hindI hai / vIracandra : ( 17 vIM zatI prathama caraNa ) bhaTTArakIya balAtkAra gaNa NAkhA ke saMsthApaka bhaTTAraka devendrakIti ne jaba sUrata meM bhaTThAraka gaddI kI sthApanA kI, taba bhaTThAraka sakalakIrti kA rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM vizeSa prabhAva thaa| inhIM ma0 devendrakIrti kI paraMparA meM bha0 lakSmIcandra ke ziSya vIracandra hae, jo apane guru lakSmIcandra kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhaTrAraka bane the| inakA sambandha nI vizeSataH sUratagaddI se thaa| 1 lakSmIcandra sambat 1582 taka bhadvAraka pada para rahe, ataH inakA samaya 17 vIM zatI kA prathama caraNa hI honA caahie| vIracandra vyAkaraNa evaM nyAyazAstra ke prakANDa paMDita the| sAtha hI chanda, alaMkAra evaM saMgIta Adi zAstroM meM bhI pUrNa nipuNa the / ye pUrNa sAdhujIvana yApana karate hue saMyama evaM sAvutA kA upadeza dete rhe| saMta vIracandra saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI evaM gujarAjI bhASA ke adhikArI vidvAna the / aba taka kI khojoM meM inakI ATha racanAeM upalabdha hai jo inheM uttama koTi ke 1 rAjasthAda ke jaina saMta - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 106 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA sarjaka siddha karane ke lie paryApta haiM / yahA~ inakI pramukha racanAoM kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / vIra vilAsa phAga : 22 veM tIrthakara neminAtha ke jIvana kA eka prasaMga lekara 137 padoM meM racita kavi kA yaha eka khaNDa-kAvya hai / isakI eka prati udayapura ke khaNDelavAla digambara jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / 1 kRti meM racanAkAla kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai / phAga bar3A hI sarasa, sundara evaM kAvyatva pUrNa hai / rAjula kI viraha dazA kA varNana atyaMta hRdaya drAvaka bana par3A hai "kanakami kaMkaNa moDatI, toDatI miNimihAra / lU catI keza - kalApa, vilApa kari anivAra // 74 // nayaNi nIra kAjali gala, Talavali bhAminI bhUra / kisa karU kahi re mAhelaDI, vihi naDi gayo majhanAha // 71 || aba yaha kRti "rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva davaM kRtitva" meM prakAzita Ee hai / .2 jambUsvAmI vela : isakI eka jIrNa prati udayapura ke khaNDelavAla digambara jainamandira ke zastra racanA meM jambUsvAmI kA caritra varNita gujarAtI mizrita rAjasthAnI hai / DiMgala maMDAra se prApta hai / 3 kavi kI isa dUsarI hai | racanA sAdhAraNa hai / beli kI mApA kA prabhAva bhI spaSTa hai / * "jina AMtarA" 4 kavi kI yaha laghu racanA sAdhAraNa koTi kI haiM / "sImaMdhara svAmI gIta" meM kavi ne sImanvara svAmI kA stavana kiyA haiM / "saMvodha tattANu" dohA chanda meM racita 57 padya kI yaha eka upadezAtmaka kRti hai / isakI prati mI udayapura ke uparyukta saMgraha meM saMkalita hai / ina zikSAprada dohoM meM kavi ke sundara bhAvoM kA nirvAha huA hai 1 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta pR0 107 2 vahI, pR0 266-270 - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, vahI, pR0 106 4 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyakti evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 110

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paricaya khaMDa "nIcanI saMgati pariharo, dhAro uttama AcAra / durlabha bhava mAnava taNo, jIva tU AlimahAra / / 40 // " "neminAtha rAsa"-isameM neminAtha aura rAjula kA muprasiddha kathAnaka hai / isakI racanA saMvata 1673 meM huii| 1 racanA mAdhAraNa hai| "cittanirodha kathA" padyoM kI yaha upadezAtmaka laghu kRti hai| isameM cittanirodha kA upadeza diyA hai| isakI prati bhI udayapura vAle guTake meM saMkalita hai| "vAhubali vaili" vibhinna chandoM meM racita kavi kI eka laghu kRti hai / imakI bhI udayapura se prApta eka prati kA ullekha DaoN0 kAsalIvAla jI ne kiyA hai / 2 bha0 vIracandra kI ye kRtiyAM unakI pratibhA, vidvatA evaM sAhityaprema kI jvalaMta pramANa haiN| jayavaMtasUri : ( 17 vIM zatAbdI pra ma caraNa ) the tapAgacchIya upAdhyAya vinayamaNDana ke ziSya the / 3 sambat 1587 vaizAkha kRSgA 6 ravivAra ko zatrujaya para RpabhanAtha tathA puNDarIka ke mUrti-pratiSThApana samAroha meM AcArya vinayamaNDana ke sAtha ye bhI upasthita the / 4 inakA dUsarA nAma guNa saubhAgya bhI thA / 5 zrI desAIjI ne inakI kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA hai / 6 inakI "nemirAjula vAra mAsa vela pravandha", "sImandhara candrAulA" tathA "syUlibhadra mohanaveli" Adi racanAeM sarala rAjasthAnI mizrita hindI meM hai| "nemi rAjula vAra mAsa vela pravandha" 77 chandoM meM paramparAgata paddhati para rAjamatI ke viraha-varNana para AdhArita bArahamAsA hai / "sImandhara candrAulA" (bhaktikAvya ), "sthUlibhadra mohana veli" (sthUlibhadra-kozyA para nAvRta sthAnaka hai 1 saMvata solatAhotari, zrAvaNa sudi guruvAra / dazamI ko dina rUpaDo, rAsa racco manohara // 17 // udayapura ke agravAla di0 jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra vAlI prati se| 2 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla pR0 112 3 zrI vinayamaNDana uvajhAya anopama tapagacha gayaNecandra / tasu sIsa jayavaMta sUrivara, vANI suNaMtA huI ANaMda / / 7 / / 4 muni jina vijaya kRta zatrunjaya tIryodvArA kI prastAvanA 5 guNa somAga sohAmaNi vANI dhau raMgareli 6 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 163-68, tathA bhAga 3 khanDa-1, pR0 666-72

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 101 jisameM - vAsavadattA ke Adarza para prema-nirupaNa hai / lekhana-mArgazIrSa sudI 10 guruvAra 1642 ) 1 inakI pramukha rananAeM haiM / sthUlibhadra mohana veli-isameM sthUlibhadra evaM kozyA kA kathAnaka vaNita hai| bhApAdi kI dRSTi se "sthUlibhadra mohana veli" se kucha paMktiyAM yahAM uddhRta haiM "mana kA dukha sukha kahana ku - ikahi na ju AdhAra / hRdaya talAva ru dugya bhayu, tU kudRi vina dhAra // 56 // ikatiiM saba jaga vedanA, ika tiiM vizurana pIra / toha samAna na hota sakhI, gopada sAgara nIra // 65 // " zrRGgAra ke viyoga kA bar3A sundara varNana huA / prakRti varNana bhI manorama hai / bhApA alaMkRta, lalita evaM pravAha-yukta hai| bhaTTAraka sakala bhUSaNa : ( 17 vIM zatI prathama va dvitIya caraNa ) ye bhaTThAraka zubhacaMdra ( saMvat 1:40-1613 ) ke zipya the / saMvat 1627 meM racita apane saMskRta graMtha "upadezaratnamAlA" se yaha spaSTa hai ki ye bha0 sumatikIrti ke gurU bhrAtA the / 2 apane guru zubhacandra ko apane "pAnDavapurANa" (saMvat 1608 racanAkAla ) tathA "karakanDu caritra" ( racanA samvat 1611) kI racanA se inhoMne sahayoga diyA thA / 3 . inakI hindI racanAoM kA patA DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla jI ko sarvaprathama Amera zAstra bhanDAra, jayapura se milA hai| unhoMne inakI nimna hindI lavu racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 4 (1) sudarzana gIta (seTha sudarzana ke caritra para AvRta caritrapradhAna kathAkAvya), (2) nArI gIta ( upadezapradhAna laghukAvya ) tathA pd| sakalabhUpaNa kI bhASA para gujarAtI kA vizeSa prabhAva hai / racanAeM sAdhAraNataH acchI haiN| 1 mAgazira sudi dazamI gurI, samvat sola vitAla / jayavanta ghUlimada gAvataiM, dina dina maMgala mAla / / 215 / / 2 tasyAbhUcca gurubhrAtA nAmnA sakalabhUSaNa: / sUrijinamate lInamanAH saMtoSa popakaH // 8 // "upadeza ratnamAlA" 3 zrI matsakalabhUSeNa purANe pANDave kRtaM / sAhAyaM yena tenA 'tra tadAkArisvasiddhaye // 56 // "karakaNDu caritra" 4 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, pR0 207

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paritraya vaMDa udayarAja-udo : (saM. 1631 - 1676 ) ye barataragacchIya bhAvaharSa ke zipya bhadramAra ke putra tathA dhAvaka-gipya the / 1 inakA janma samvat 1631 se huA thA / 2 "candana malayAgiri kathA ke praNetA tathA kavi bhadrasAra yA bhadrasena kA sambandha gujarAta se rahA hI hai. jisakA ullekha ho cukA hai| udayarAja kA bhI sambandha gujarAta se avazya honA caahie| unakI racanAoM meM prayukta kucha gujarAtI prayoga bhI isa bAta kA pramANa hai| zrI nAhahAjI ne bhI isa bAta ko svIkArA hai / 3 inakI nimna racanAeM prApta haiM- 4 . (1) magana chattIsI maM0 1667, bhAMDAdaI / (2) guNa bAvanI saM. 1676 baberai / (3) vaidya virahaNI prabaMdha. (4) cauvisa jina mavaiye. tathA (5) 500 dohe / inake dohe. kavitta tayA bAvanI vigepa pramila hai| magana chattIsI : (racanA saM0 1667 phAlguna vadI 13 zukravAra ko mAMDAvaI nAmaka sthAna para ) 5 kavi kA mAnanA hai ki bhagavAna jinendra kI bhakti aura prIti sAMsAnika sambandhoM aura mAnApamAnoM ko dUra karane meM pUrNa samartha hai / "prIti Apa parajale, prIti avarAM para jAla / prIti gotra gAlavai, prIti sudhavaMza virAlai / / Adi // " isakA gAvA-pravAha aura bhAva-prauDhatA kavi kI unnata kAvyazakti kA paricAtaka hai| guNa bAvanI : ( racanA saM. 1676 vaizAkha mudI 15 ke dina baveraDa meM huI thI ) 6 57 padyoM ke isa kAvya meM pAvaNDa nirAkaraNa aura adhyAtmasambandhI kavi ke vicAra abhivyakta hue haiN| kRti ke prArambha meM hI "praNava akSara" rUpa brahma ko kavi ne namana kiyA hai 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR0 975 2 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 142 3 unakA hastalikhita mere nAma eka patra / 4 paraMparA meM "rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla", agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 86 5 vadi phAguNa zivarAtri, zravaNa zukravAra sasUrata / mAMDAvAha maMjhAri, prabhu jagamAla pRthI pati / / magana chatImI, padya 37 / 6 guNa dAvanI, antima prazasti, padya 56, nAhaTA saMgraha se prApta / ;

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA "unaMkArAya namo alakha avatAra aparaMpara gahina guhira gambhIra praNava akhyara paramesara / " bAhyADambara kI vyarthatA aura antaHkaraNa kI vizuddhatA para bala detA huA kavi kahatA hai 103 "fra fra fasi kisyU, jIta jyoM nahIM kAma kroM chala, kAti kahanAyAM kisyUM, jo nahIM mana mAMjhi niramala / jaTA vavAyAM kisU, jAMbha pAkhaNDa na chaMDapaDa, mastaka mUDyAM kisU, mana jau mAhi na mUMDapau / " lugaDe ki maile kI, jo mana mAhi mailo rahai, gharavAra jyAM sIvara kisU agavUjhAM udo kahai / / 53 / / " vaidha virahaNI pravandha : 78 dohoM kI isakI eka prati abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera meM maujUda hai | isameM bhakti aura zrRGgAra kA ujjvala samanvaya huA hai / cauvisa jina savaiyA : isakI eka prati kA ullekha zrI nAhaTA jI ne kiyA hai / 1 isa kRti meM tIrthakaroM kI bhakti meM 200 savaiyoM kI racanA kI hai / udairAja rA dUhA : zrI nAhaTAjI ne udayarAja ke karIva 500 dohoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 2 inhIM meM se adhikAMza dohoM kI eka pratilipi unhIM ke bhaNDAra meM prApta | udayarAja ke nIti-viSayaka dohoM vizeSataH rAjasthAna meM atyadhika lokapriya rahe haiM / udayarAja ke dohoM kI eka prati " manaH prazaMsA dohA " 3 nAma se jayapura ke bar3e mandira ke guTakA naM0 124 meM nivaddha hai / isameM mana ko sambodhita kara kavi ne aneka dohoM kI racanA kI hai / kavi ko bhASA vraja va rAjasthAnI ke saMspagoM se yukta hai / kavi kI pratibhA ucca koTi kI najara AtI hai / 1 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 4, agaracanda nAhaTA, udayapura, 1654, pR0 122 2 paramparA - rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla, le0 agalacanda nAhaTA, pR0 8 3 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 35-36

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104 paricaya baMDa kalyANa sAgara mUri : ( raM0 1633 - 1718 ) ye aMcalagaccha ke 64 ve paTTadhara AcArya the / 1 inakA janma lolADA grAma meM saM0 1633 meM huA thA / saM0 1642 meM dIkSA lii| saM0 1646 meM ahamadAbAda meM AcAryapada prApta huA aura samvat 1670 meM pATaNa meM gacche zapada prApta kiyaa| mamvat 1718 meM bhuja nagara meM inakA svargavAsa huaa| vistRta paricaya thI denAI ne diyA hai| 2 ___ kalyANa sAgarari kavi ke sAtha eka pratiSThita evaM prabhAvaka AcArya bhI the / inakI do kRtiyAM upalabdha hai| prathama "agaDadatarAsa" gujarAtI kRti hai / jaina gujarAtI kaviyoM kA agaDadana priya viSaya rahA hai / dUsarI kRti "vIsI" gujarAtImizrita hindI racanA hai| vIsI : ( vIsa viharamAna stavana ) isameM jinendra kI stuti, meM racita 20 stavana hai / bhakti se pUrNa isa racanA kI eka prati samvan 1717 meM bhujanagara meM likhI gaI thii| 3 isameM racanA samvat nahIM diyA gayA hai| virahAtura bhakta kI pukAra draSTavya hai-- "zrI sImandhara sAMbhalau, eka . morI aradAma, muguNa mohAvAM tuma vinA, racaNI hoI chmaamo|" abhayacandra : (saM0 1640 - 1721) ye bha0 lakSmIcandra kI paramparA ke bha0 kumudacandra ke ziSya the| abhyacandra khyAti prApta bhadvAraka the| inakA janma saM0 164 ke lagabhaga "havaDavaMza" meM huA thaa| 2 inake pitA kA nAma "zrIpAla" tathA mAtA kA nAma "koDabhade" thaa| bar3I choTI umra meM hI inhoMne paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana Arambha kara diyA thA / 5 ___ "abhayacandra" kumudacandra ke priya zipyoM meM se the jo unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhaTThAraka gaddI para baiThe / bhaTThAraka banane ke pazcAt inhoMne rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 486 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 775 3 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 1, pR0 670 4 rAjasthAna ke jaina santa - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 148 5 hUMbaDa vaMze zrIpAla sAha tAta, janamyo rUDI' ratana koDabhade mAta / lavu page lIdho mahAbata bhAra, manavA karI jItyo duddha ra mAra // - dharmasAgara kRta eka gIta /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 105 khUba vihAra kiyA aura jana-sAvAraNa meM dhArmika jAgrati utpanna kii| DaoN0 kAsalIvAla jI ke ullekha ke anusAra samvat 1685 kI phAlguna sudI 11 somavAra ke dina bAraDolI nagara meM inakA paTTAbhiSeka huA aura isa para ye samvat 1721 taka bane rahe / 1 inhoMne saMskRta aura prAkRta ke sAtha nyAya - zAstra, alaMkArazAstra tathA nATakoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thA / 2 inake aneka ziSya the jo inhIM ke sAtha sarvasAmAnya meM AdhyAtmika cetanA jagAyA karate the / ina ziSyoM ne bha0 abhayacandra kI prazaMsA meM aneka gItoM kI racanA kI hai / inake pramukha ziSyoM meM dAmodara, varmasAgara, gaNeza, devajI Adi ullekhanIya hai / isa prakAra inake viSaya meM aneka prazaMsAtmaka gItoM meM kavi ke vyaktitva, pratibhA evaM lokapriyatA ke sAtha sAhitya prema kI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai / kavi kI racanAoM meM lavugIta adhika haiM / avataka kI inakI 10 kRtiyA~ prApta ho cukI haiM / 3 inameM pramukha kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / 1 "vAmupUjya jI dhamAla" kavi kI laghu racanA hai, jisameM vAsupUjya tIrthakara kA mAnavarUpa meM nirUpaNa hai / " candAgIta " 4 kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kI zailI para racita eka laghu viraha kAvya hai / isameM rAjula candramA se apane viraha kA varNana karatI hai aura candramA ke mAdhyama se apanA saMdeza neminAtha ke pAsa bhejatI hai" vinaya karI rAjula kahe, candA vInataDI ava dhAro re / ujjalagiri jaI vInavo, candA jihAM che prANa AdhAra re // 1 // gamane gamana tAharU svaGga, candA amIya varape ananta re / para upagArI tU bhalo, candA vali vali vInavu saMta re || 2 ||" " sUkhaDI" - 37 padyoM kI isa laghu racanA meM tIrthakara gAntinAtha ke jAmotsava para banAye gaye vividha vyaMjanoM, zAkoM tathA sUkhe mevoM kA varNana kavi ne kiyA hai / 1 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAmalIvAla, pR0 148 2 tarka nATaka Agama alaMkAra, aneka zAstra ma yAM manohara / bhaTTAraka pada e hane chAne, jehave yaza jaga mAM vAsa gAje // -dharma sAgara kRta eka gIta / 3 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 151 4 prakAzita, vahI, pR0 275 -

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paricaya khaMDa kavi kI atyanta laghu kRtiyA~ anya haiM jo sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| abhayacandra kI kRtiyoM kA mahatva bhASA ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se adhika hai| kavi kI bhASA gujarAtI mizrita rAjasthAnI hai| abhayacandra kI samasta racanAeM kAvyatva, zailI evaM bhApA kI dRSTi se sAdhAraNa hI haiN| samayasundara mahopAdhyAya : ( saM0 1646 - 1700) ___ anta: sAkSya ke AdhAra para jJAta hotA hai ki kadi samayasundara jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ke vRhad kharataragaccha meM avatarita hue the tathA sakalacandramaNi ke ziSya the / 1 rAjasthAnI va gujarAtI sAhitya ke saba se bar3e gItakAra, vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra, chanda, jyotipa tathA jaina sAhitya Adi ke prakANDa paNDita kavi samayasundara kA janma mAravADa ke sAcaura ( satyapura ) gAMva kI poravAla jAti meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma rUpasI aura mAtA kA nAma lIlAde thaa| 2 inakA janma 1620 samvat meM anumAnita hai / 3 vAdI harpanandana dvArA racita "samayasundara gIta" meM varNita" navayauvana bhara saMyama saga rahyo jI" ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna lagAyA gayA ki inhoMne taruNAvasthA meM hI saMnyAsa grahaNa kara liyA thaa| inako dIkSita karane ke kucha varSoM ke pazcAt hI sakalacandra kA dehAvasAna ho jAne ke kAraNa ApakA vidyAdhyayana vAcaka mahimarAja aura mahopAdhyAya samayarAja ke sAnnidhya meM huaa| apanI tIkSNa buddhi aura asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke bala para Apa "gaNa" aura taduparAnta mahopAdhyAya ke pada para pahuMce the / inake 42 ziSyoM meM se inake antima samaya meM kisI ne bhI mAtha nahIM diyA jisakA inheM anta taka duHkha vanA rahA phira bhI ye bhAgya ko dopa de kara apane ko sAntavanA dete rhe| kavi kI kRtiyoM va racanA-voM ko dekhate hue yaha kahanA ucita hI hogA ki inhoMne apanA antima samaya ahamadAvAda (gujarAta) meM hI raha kara vitAyA aura samvat 1702 caitra zukla 13 ko apanI ihalIlA samApta kI / 4 __kavi samayasundara ne sATha varSa taka nirantara sAhitya-sAdhanA kara bhAratIya vAMgamaya ko samRddha kiyaa| inakI saikar3oM kRtiyoM ko vyAna meM rakha kara hI zAyada 1 samvat 1646 meM racita "artharatnAvalI vRtti" sahita "aSTalakSI" kI prazasti, pITarasana kI caturtha riporTa na0 11, pR0 64 2 "mAtu "lIlAde" , "rUpasI" janamiyA ehavA guru avadAto jii|" devIdAsa kRta ___ "samayasundara gIta" 3 saM0 agaracanda nAhaTA, sItArAma caupAI, bhUmikA, pR0 34 4 rAMjasoma, mahopAdhyAya samayamundarajI gItam /

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jaina gurjana kaviyoM hindI kavitA yaha kahA gayA thA / " samaya sundaranA gItaDA, bhItAM paranA cItarA yA kumbhe rANAnA bhIMtaDhA" / inakI laghu kRtiyAM bIkAnera se prakAzita "samayasundara - kRti - kusumAMjali" meM samAviSTha haiM / vibhinna vidvAnoM ke dvArA inakI aneka kRtiyoM kAM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / inameM se jJAta kRtiyoM ke AdhAra para yahAM kavi kI kAvya - sAdhanA para prakAza DAlane kA yatna kiyA gayA hai / 107 kavi ne dezI bhASAoM meM kAvya-racanA karane kA Arambha " sthUlibhadrarAsa" se kiyA | isa prathama kRti meM hI kavi ne apanI kAvya-kalA aura pratibhA kA sundara darzana karAyA hai / kavi kA " vastupAla tejapAla rAsa" aitihAsiha evaM sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai / kintu kavi kI sarvazreSTha kRti "sItArAma caupAI" hai jisameM jaina paramparAnusAra rAmakathA hai / isa vRhatkAvya meM 3700 zloka hai / isake nAyaka svayaM rAma haiM aura isakA uddezya hai rAmaguNa-gAna / chaMdoM kI vividhatA, rasoM kA pUrNa paripAka, sambandha sutrAtmakatA ko dekhate hue ise prabandha kAvyoM kI koTi meM sahaja hI samApTi kiyA jA sakatA hai / inameM paramparAgata zailI para zRGgAra va nakhazikhavarNana tathA viyoga kI aneka aMtardazAoM ke sundara citra vartamAna haiM / rAma kA vilApa aura sItA ke guNoM kA prakAzana kitane zahaja rUpa meM huA hai-- "priya bhASiNI, prItama anurAginA, saghau ghara suvinIta / nATaka gIta vinoda saha mujha, tubhana viNAbhAvai cIta // sayane rambhA vilAsagRha kAmakAja, dAsI mAtA ahiu neha | maMtrivI buddhi nidhAna dharitrI kSamAnidhAna, sakala kalA guNa neha ||" "sItArAma cauraI" kA "nItA para loko vAda" tathA "rAma-lakSmaNa - samvAda" aura " naladavadaMtI rAsa kA karasamvAda" ye tInoM prasaMga kavi kI kAvya- kalA evaM pratibhA ke sundara pramANa haiM / "cAra pratyeka buddha rAsa" aura " mRgAvatI caritra" meM Ane vAle yuddha tathA pratyeka rAga meM ravina yuddhagIta samayamundara kI sAhitya ko amUlya dena haiM / * rAma sAhitya kI bhAMti hI kavi kA bhakti sAhitya bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / inameM kavi kI uttama saMvedanA tathA sarvocca dharma-bhAvanA kA prakAzana huA hai / inake dvArA racita dharma, karma Adi chattIniyoM meM inakI bahuzrutatA evaM gahana jJAna ke saMketa milate nilate haiM / isa prakAra inake dvArA racita gItoM meM laya-vaividhyaM zabdamAdhurya, sundara prAsa yojanA, aneka lokapriya DhAleM, sarala tatvajJAna, utkaTa saMvedanazIlatA Adi ke darzana hote haiM haiM / inameM bhakti aura zRGgAra sAtha-sAda cale haiM / 17 vIM zatAbdi kA

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106 paricaya khaMDa hindI, mAravAr3I, gujarAtI, siMdhI Adi bhASAoM kA svarUpa samajhane ke liye samayasundara ke gIta, pada tathA rAsAdi sAhitya atyaMta upayogI hai / 1 ___ kavi samayasudara ne rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI tathA anya prAdezika deziyoM-DhAloM tathA rAganiyoM kA sarvottama prayoga kiyA hai / 2 yahI kAraNa hai ki inake vAda ke aneka kaviyoM ne inheM apanAne kI pravRtti pradarzita kI hai| vibhinna pradezoM ke vihAra-pravAsa ke phalasvarUpa kavi kI bhASA meM aneka sthAnoM kI bhApAoM ke zabda, vAkya Adi svataH praviSTa ho gae haiN| inakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI va gujarAtI bhApA kA vizeSa prabhAva hai / mugala daravAroM se sampRkta hone ke kAraNa ApakI bhASA meM urdU-phArasI ke zabda bhI A hI gae haiN| kahIM-kahIM to eka hI racanA meM aneka bhASAoM kA mizraNa pAyA jAtA hai| vipula sAhitya-sarjana ke dvArA kavi kA lakSya kathA ke mAdhyama se samyak jJAna, dharma va sadAcAra ko popita karanA, dAna, zIla Adi guNoM kA pracAra karanA rahA hai| kavi kA samasta sAhitya mAnava ke lie preraNAspa siddha hotA hai| kalvANadeva : ( saM0 1643 AsapAsa ) ye kharataragacjIya jinacaMdrasUri ke ziSya caraNodaya ke ziSya the / inakI eka kRti "devarAjavaccharAja caupaI" sambat 1643 meM vikramanagara meM racI gaI prApta hotI hai / 3 zvetAmbara sampradAya ke kharataragacchIya sAdhUoM kA rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM vizeSa vihAra rahA hai / ata: inakI bhASA meM prAMtIya bhApA kA mizriNa prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai| kalyANadeva kI bhApA meM bhI gUjarAtI kA atyadhika mizraNa hai| ataH kavi kA gujarAta se ghaniSTa saMbaMdha siddha ho jAtA hai / 1 saM0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, samayasudara kRti kusumAMjali, (DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvArA likhita) 2 "saMdhi pUrava marUvara gujarAtI DhAla nava nava bhAMti ke" ~ samayasudara mRgAvatI caupi| "sItArAma caupaI je catura hui te vAMce re, rAga ranana javAhara taNo kuNa bheda lahe nara sAvo re| je daravAra gae huse, DhaMDhAhi, mevADi ne dillI re, gujarAta mArU Adi meM te kahi se DhAla e bhallI re" -samayasudara, sItArAma caupaI 3 (ka) nAthUrAma premI kRta hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 46-44 (kha) jaina gUrjara kaviyoM, bhAga 1, devarAjavaccharAja caupaI, pR0 175

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jona gurjara kaviyoM kI hiMdI kavitA "devarAjavaccharAja caupaI" 84 padyoM kI racanA hai / isameM kisI rAjA ke putra vaccharAja aura devarAja kI kathA hai| kumudacandra : (saM0 1645 - 1687) inakA janma gopura grAma meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma sadAphala aura mAtA kA nAma padamAvAI thaa| inakA kula moDhavaMza meM vikhyAta thaa| 1 moDha gujarAtI vaniyA hote the| sambhava hai kumudacaMdra ke pUrvaja gujarAta ke nivAsI hoM aura phira rAjasthAna ke gopura grAma meM A vase hoN| unakI hindI racanAoM para rAjasthAnI gujarAtI kA vizeSa prabhAva dekhakara yaha anumAna dRr3ha hotA hai / kumudacaMdra bhaTTAraka rattakIti ke ziSya the| ye bacapana se hI udAsIna aura 'adhyayanazIla the| yuvAvasthA se pUrva hI inhoMne saMyama le liyA thaa| adhyayanazIla mastiSka ke kAraNa inhoMne zIghra hI vyAkaraNa, chaMda, nATaka, nyAya Agama evaM alaMkAra zAstra kA gaharA adhyayana kara liyA / ghommaTasAra Adi graMthoM kA inhone vizepa adhyayana kiyA thaa| 2 bhaTTAraka ratnakIti apane zipya ke gahana jJAna ko dekhakara mugdha ho gye| unhoMne gujarAta ke vAraDolI nagara meM eka nayA paTTa sthApita kiyaa| yahAM jainoM ke pramukha saMta ( bhaTTAraka ) pada para kumudacaMdra ko samvat vaizAkha mAya meM abhiSikta kara diyA / 3 isa pada para ve vi0 saM0 1687 taka pratiSThita rahe / 4 bAraDolI gujarAta kA prAcIna nagara tathA adhyAtma kA kendra rahA hai| kumudacaMdra ne yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM meM dhArmika cetanA jAgrata kara unheM saccaritra, saMyamI evaM tyAgamaya jIvana kI ora prerita kiyaa| 1 moDhavaMza zRGgAra ziromaNi, sAha sadAphala tAta re| jAyo yativara juga jayavaMto, padmAbAI sohAta re / / -dharmasAgara kRta gIta / 2 anizi chaMda vyAkaraNa nATika bhaNe, nyAya Agama alaMkAra / vAdI gaja kesarI virUda vAsa vahe, sarasvatI ghaccha siNagAra re / / - vahI, dharmasAgara kRta gIta 3 sambat sola chapane vaizAkhe pragaTa payodhara thAvyA re / ratnakIrti gora bAraDolI vara sUra maMtra zubha AvyA re / / mAI re manamohana munivara sarasvatI gaccha sohaMta / kumudacaMdra bhaTThAraka udayo bhaviyaNa mana mohaMta re // gaNeza kavi kRta "guru stuti" / 4 vahI

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110 paricaya saMDa kavi kA zipya parivAra bhI bahuzruta evaM vidvAn thaa| vaise to bhaTTArakoM meM aneka gipya huA karate the jinameM AcArya, muni, brahmacArI, AryikA Adi hote the| kavi kI upalabdha racanAoM meM abhayacaMdra, brahmamAgara, karmasAgara, saMyamasAgara, jayasAgara evaM gagezasAgara Adi zipyoM kA ullekha hai jo hindI saMskRta ke bar3e vidvAna tathA uttama kRtiyoM ke sarjaka bhI hai / abhayacaMdra inake pazcAt bhaTTAraka bne| kumudacaMdra kI aba taka kI prApta racanAoM meM 28 racanAe~, pracura sphuTa pada tathA vinaniyAM prApta hai / 1 kavi kI vizAla mAhitya marjanA dekhate hue lagatA hai ye ciMtana, manana evaM dharmopadeza ke atirikta apanA pUrA samaya sAhitya-sajana meM hI lagAte the| kavi kI racanAoM meM rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI jA atyadhika pramAva hai| sarala hindI meM bhI inakI kitanI hI racanAe~ milatI hai| pramukha racanAoM meM "neminAtha bArahamAmA", "nemIzvara gIta", "hindolanA gIta", "vaNajArA gIta", "dazadharma gIta", "sapRvyasana gIta", "pArzvanAya gIta", ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha gIta", Adi ullekhanIya hai / inake pada bhI aneka upalabdha hai jo di0 jaina a0 kSetra zrI mahAvIraz2I, sAhitya zodha vibhAga, jayapura se prakAzita "hindI pada saMgraha" meM DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla ke saMpAdakatatva meM prakAzita hai| neminAtha ke toraNadvAra para Akara pazuoM kI pukAra suna vairAgya dhAraNa karane kI adbhuta ghaTanA se ye atyadhika prabhAvita the / yahI kAraNa hai ki nemi-rAjula prasaMga ko lekara kavi ne aneka racanAeM kI haiM / aimI racanAo meM "neminAtha bArahamAsA", "nemIzvaragIta", "nimijinagIta" Adi ke nAma vizepa ullekhanIya hai / "vaNajArA gIta" me kavi ne saMmAra kA sundara citra utArA hai| yaha eka rUpaka-kAvya hai, jinameM 21 padya hai / "zInagIta" meM kavi ne saccaritratA para vigepa bala diyA hai / kavi ne batAyA hai - mAnava ko kimI bhI dizA meM Age baDhane ke nie caritra-bala kI gvAma AvazyakatA hai / 'sAdhusaMtoM eva saMyamiyoM ko to striyoM ne dUra hI rahanA cAhie' Adi kA acchA upadeza diyA hai / kumudacaMdra kI vinatiyAM to bhaktirasa me Apluta hai| kavi kI ina vinatiyoM kA saMkalana mandira TholiyAna, jayapura ke guTakA naM0 131 meM prApta hai / isa guTake kA lepana kAla saM. 1876 diyA gayA hai| 1 gajamyAna ke pramukha naMta ( pAMDu lipi ), DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla

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baina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 111 kavi kA pada sAhitya to aura bhI ucca koTi kA hai / bhASA zailI evaM bhAva mabhI dRSTiyoM se kavi ke pada bar3e sundara haiN| eka pada meM prabhU ko mIThA upAlaMbha detA huA bhakta kavi kahatA hai___ "prabhU mere tuma aimI na cAhie / saghana vidhana gherata sevaka kU mauna dharI kyoM rahie // 1 // " Adi yahAM kavi ne una prANiyoM kI maccI AtmapukAra adhina kI hai, jo jIvana meM koI bhI zubha kArya nahIM karate aura aMta meM hAtha malate raha jAte hai "maiM to narabhava bAdhi gamAyo // na kiyo tapa japa vrata vidhi mundara / kAma bhanno na kamAyo / // 1 // " "aMta mama kou saMga na Avata / jhUThahiM pApa lagAyo / / kumudacaMdra kahe parI mohii| prabhu pada jasa nahIM gAyo // 4 // " bhakti evaM adhyAtma ke atirikta nemi-rAjula sambandhI pada bhI kavi ne linve haiN| jinameM neminAtha ke prati gajamatI kI saccI viraha-pukAra hai "manvI ro aba to rahyayo nahi jAta / prANanAtha kI prIta na visarata, chaNa chaNa chIjata jAna // 1 // " kavi ke ina padoM kI sIdhI-sAdI bhASA meM adhyAtma, bhakti, zRGgAra evaM viraha kI uttama bhAvAbhivyakti hai / kavi kI adhikAMga racanAeM laghu, sphuTa pada evaM mnavanAdi haiN| kavi kI vaDI racanAoM meM "bharatabAhubalichaMda" evaM "AdinAtha (Rpabha) vivAhano" vizeSa mahatvapUrNa evaM ullekhanIya kRtiyAM haiN| bharatavAhuvali chaMda-yaha eka utkRSTa khaNDa kAvya hai / isakI racanA saM0 1670 jyeSTha mudi 6 ko huI thii| isakI eka hastalikhita prati Amera gAstra maMDAra, jayapura ke guTakA naM0 50 meM pR0 40 se 48 para likhita hai| isa kAvya meM bharata aura vAhubali ke prasiddha yuddha kI kathA hai| ye donoM hI bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke cakravartI putra the| cakravartI bharata ko sArA bhUmaNDala vijaya karane ke pazcAt mAlUma hotA hai ki abhI usake bhAI bAhubali ne usakI adhInatA svIkAra nahIM kI hai / samrATa bAhubali ko samajhAne kA prayatna asaphala hone para aura yuddha anivArya banane ke pazcAt donoM kI senAe~ Amane-sAmane huI aura yuddha huaa| isa yuddha meM bAhubali parAjita hokara java tapasyArata huA taba use yaha patA cale vinA nahIM rahA ki vaha jisa bhUmi para khar3A hai vaha bhI bharata kI hI hai| usake mana kA yaha daMza tava dUra huA jaba bharata usake caraNoM para gira sthiti ko spaSTa

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112 paricaya khaMDa karatA hai / taduparAMta unheM tatkAla kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai aura mukti ko prApta hote haiM / pUrA kA pUrA khaNDakAvya manohara, lalita zabdoM guthita hai| pUre kAvya meM vIra aura gAMta rasa kA bar3A mundara niyojana huA hai| bhASA bar3I sajIva ora rasAnukUla hai "cAlyA bhalla AkhaDe balIyA, sura nara kinnara jovA malIyA / kAcha yA kAcha kazI kaDa tAMNI, bole bAMgaDa bolI vANI / / " "AdinAtha ( RSabha ) vivAhalo" bhI kavi kI eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| 11 DhAloM volo isa choTe khaNDakAvya kI racanA saM0 1678 meM ghodhAnagara meM huI thii| isa "vivAhalo" meM apabhadeva kI mAM ke 16 svapna dekhane se lekara apama ke vivAha taka kA sundara varNana hai| antima DhAla meM, jisameM "vivAhalA" zabda sArthaka hotA hai, unake vairAgya dhAraNa karane aura mokSa prApti kA ullekha hai| inake varNana meM sahajatA aura bhASA meM saundarya parilakSita hue binA nahIM rahatA "dina dina rUpe dIpato, kAMi vIjataNoM jimacaMda re / sura bAlaka sAthe rame, sahu sajjana mani ANada re // mundara vacana sohAmaNAM, bole bATuaDo vAla re / rima jhina vAje ghUgharI, page cAle vAla marAla re / / " jinarAjasUri : ( saM0 1647 - 66 ) ye kharataragacchIya akabara bAdazAha prativodhaka yugapradhAna vinyAta AcArya jinacaMdramUri ke paTTadhara jinasiMhasUri ke ziSya tathA paTTadhara the / 1 inakA janma vi0 saM0 1647 meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma dharmasiMha aura mAtA kA nAma vAraladevI thA / saM0 1656 magasara mudi 3 ko bIkAnera meM inhone dIkSA grahaNa kii| dIkSA nAma rAjasamudra thA / 2 saM0 1660 meM inheM vAcaka pada milaa| maM0 1674 meM ye AcArya pada me vibhUSita hue| ye bahuta bar3e vidvAna aura samartha kavi the| tarka, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, alaMkAra koga, kAvyAdi ke acche jAnakAra the| inhoMne zrIharSa ke naipadhIya mahAkAvya para "jinarAji" nAmaka saMskRta TIkA racI hai| inake dvArA racita sthAnAMga vRtti kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / 3 16 vI zatAbdI ke mastayogI prakhara samAlocaka tathA kavi 1 jaina gUrjara kaviyo, bhAga 1, pR0 553 2 "jinacada jinasiMha sUri mIsa rAjamamudraM sNtruo|" guNa sthAna baMdha vijJapti stavana 3 paramparA - zrI nAhaTAjI kA lekha, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla, pR0 83

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113. jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kaditA : jJAnasAra ne inako avadhya vavanI kahA hai. 1. arthAt inake vacanoM meM logoM kI apAra zraddhA thI / saM0 1666. meM aSADha sudi navamI . ko pAThaNA. meM inakA svargavAsa huaa| ... . .. . ... ... ... .... . ...... jinarAjasUri apane samaya ke eka acche vidvAna evaM kavi the| kavi kI kuzAgra buddhi evaM vAlyAvasthA ke adhyayana ke sambandha meM "zrIsAra" ne apane rAsa meM likhA hai- .. .......:. : .:. . . . "teha kalA koI nahIM, ; zAstra nahIM vali teha. . . . . . . . ... . . : vidyA te * dIsai. nahIM, kumara nai nAvaha jeha // 3 // ", ... ... .. .. :: .......... Adi- . . .. . inakI .. upalabdha racanAoM meM . sarvaprathama * racanA saM0 1665 ko racita "guNasthAna vicAramita pArzvanAtha stavana" hai, jo jaina zAstra ke karma siddhAMta aura AtmotkarSa kI paddhati se sambandhita hai / inakI 6 kRtiyAM prApta hai / 2 . . .. inake dvArA racita "guNadharma rAsa", 1666 tathA "candarAjA caupAi" kA bhI ullekha zrI coksI ne kiyA hai / 3. zrI . nAhaTAjI. ne "kayavannA rAsa" tathA "jaina rAmayaNa" kA rAjasthAnI rUpa Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai.| 4.. . . . sAdula rAjasthAnI risarca insTITyuTa, bIkAnera kI ora se zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke sambAdakatva meM kavi kI: prAyaH sabhI mahatvapUrNa kRtiyoM kA saMkalana "jinarAja-kRti-kusumAMjali" nAma se prakAzita huA hai / . , .::.. ____ zrI nAhaTAjI ne kavi kI eka saba se bar3I aura mahatvapUrNa racanA "naivadhamahAkAvya" kI 36000 zloka parimita vRhaTThI kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai, jisakI do apUrNa pratiyoM meM pahalo harisAgarasUri jAna bhaNDAra, lohAvara meM tathA dUsarI auriyanTala iMsTITayuta, pUnA meM hai| eka pUrNa prati jayapura ke eka jainetara vidvAna ke saMgraha meM mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI. ke dvArA dekhe jAne kA bhI ullekha hai| 5 antima prazastiyoM ke abhAva meM inakI pratiyoM kI racanA kaba aura kahAM huI isakA patA nahI catA hai / isa vRhadavRti se kavi kA kAvyazAstra meM prakANDa paNDita hotA siddha hotA hai| 1 jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, sUrata se prakAzita, pR0 56 : . . . 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 553-61 tathA bhAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR0 1047-46 3 sataramAM zatakanA pUrvArdhanAM jainagarjara kavioM (pAMDu lipi.) zrI vI0 jai0 coksI 4 paraMparA - zrI nAhaTAjI kA lekha, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla, pR0 83 5 jinarAjasUri kRti kusumAMjali, bhUmikA, pR. dha / na /

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114 paricaya paMTa "zAlimadra rAma" kavi kI ullekhanIya sAhitya kRti hai / yaha Ananda kAvya mahodadhi bhauvitaka 1 meM prakAzita hai / isameM zreNika rAjA ke samaya meM hue gAlibhadra aura dhannA seTha kI Rddhi-siddhi aura vairAgyapUrNa sundara kathA guphita hai, jo jana sAhitya meM atyadhika prasiddha evaM lokapriya hai| kthA meM supAtra dAna kI mahimA batAI gaI hai| ____"gaja mukumAra rAsa" kSamA dharma kI mahimA para likhI kRti hai / isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jAti smaraNa jJAna hone se aura apane pUrvabhava kI smRti Ane me gajakumAra rAja Rddhi kA tyAga kara dIkSA aMgIkAra kara letA hai, aura mahAmuni vana jAtA hai| mUkavi jinarAjasari kI cauvIsI aura vIsI me tIrthakaroM kI bhakti meM gAye gItoM kA saMkalana hai| ina bhakti gItoM meM kavi kI cAritrika dRr3hatA, latA tathA bhaktahRdaya ke nizchala udgAra haiM / zrI pabhajina stavana meM kavi ne prabhu ke caraNakamala tathA apane bhana-madhukara kA baDAM hI sundara rUpaka khar3A kiyA hai| isameM kavi batAtA hai ki jisane prabhu ke guNarUpI madhu kA pAna kiyA hai vaha maurA ur3Ane para mI nahIM udd'taa| vaha to tIkSNa kAMToM vAle ketakI ke paudhe ke pAsa bhI jAtA hai| cauvIsI kA yaha prathama stavana draSTavya hai "mana madhukara mohI rahyau, riRbha caraNa araviMda re / unaDAyara UDai nahIM, lINau guNa makaranda re // 1 // rupai rUDe phUlaDe, alavina unaDI sAi re / tIkhAM hI ketaki taNA, kaMTaka Avai dAi re // 2 // jehanau raMga na pAlaTai, tiNasu miliyai ghAi re| saMgana kIjainteha nau, je kAma paDayAM kumilAi re // 3 // " kavi ne Adi tIryakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke stavana meM bAlaka pabha kI mahajamulabha krIr3AoM tathA mAtA marudevI ke mAtRtva kA bar3A hI svAbhAvika varNana kiyA hai jo sUra ke bAlavarNana kI yAda dilAtA hai "roma roma tanu hulasai re, sUrati para bali nAu re / kabahI mopai AIyau re, hU~ bhI mAta kahAU re // 3 // pagi ghUgharaDI dhama dhamaire, Thamaki Thamaki dharai pAu re / bAMha pakari mAtA kahai re, godI khelaNa Au re // 4 // cikkArai cipaTI dIyaire, hularAvai ura lAya re / / volaDa vola ju manamanAre, daMti doi dikhAi re // 5 // " -- ( pR0 31)

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 115 kavi kI vividha phuTakara racanAoM meM viraha, prakRti, bhakti, vairAgya * tathA upadeza ke aneka raMgI citra utare haiN| viraha varNana ke drasaMgoM meM prakRti kA uddIpana rUpa bhI kavi ne batAyA hai| ___kavi ne kathAtmaka aura stutiparaka ina racanAoM ke sAtha AdhyAtmika upadezaparaka pada, gIta, tayA chattIsiyoM kI bhI racanA kI hai jo "jinarAja kRti-kusumAMjali" meM saMkalita haiM / kavi ne ina sphuTa padoM meM saMsAra kI atAratA, jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA tayA dharma-pramAvanA ke jo citra prastuta kiye haiM unameM saMta kaviyoM kA-sA vAhya kriyA-kAMDoM ke prati virova hai to bhakta kaviyo kI taraha dInatA aura laghutA kA bhAva hai| ___kavi ne apanI zIla battIsI aura karmabattIsI meM zIladharma aura karma kI / mahimA batAI hai / zIla kA mAhatmya varNana karatA huA kavi kahanA hai "sIla ratana jatane kari rAkhau, varajau viSaya vikaarjii| . . . sIlavanta avicala pada pAmai, viSaI rUlai saMsAra jI // " (pR0 112) kavi kI ina adhyAtma rasa kI kRtiyoM meM saMsAra kI bhautikatA se U~ce uThAne kI mahA zakti hai, eka pAvana preraNA hai / kavi khulakara apanI kamajoriyA~ batAtA hai, eka eka karake apane ajJAna kA pardAphAza karatA calA gayA hai para kahIM bhI hatotsAha kI hakI revA mI nahIM A pAI haiN| kavi jIva mAtra ko usa amara jyoti ke ananta-snigya prakAra se Alokita karanA cAhatA hai / kavi sarala bhAva se AtmIyatA dikhAtA huA jIva mAtra ko isa mArga kI ora le jAnA cAhatA hai "merau jIva parabhava thaI na udaI / - ( pR0 66 )" : . . rAbhAya ga kI kayA mI kavi se achatI nahI hai / rAmAyaNa sambandhI saMvAdAtmaka geya gaitI meM bar3e hI mArmika aura sIdhI coTa karane vAle pada bhI kavi ne likhe haiN| . AcArya jinarAjasUri dharmopadezaka aura kuzala kavi donoM the / unakI bhApA meM sAdagI hai, sAhityikatA hai, bhAvAvega hai aura akRtrima alaMkaraNa bhI hai / upamA, rUpaka, tathA upekSA kA sahaja prayoga, kahAvatoM va muhAvaroM kA pracalita rUpa tayA vividha chanda yojanA mApA kI zaktimattA meM sahAyaka hai / bhApA bar3I hI * sarala, sarasa, subodha tathA mAdhuryaguNa aura nAda-saundarya te yukta hai| vividha prakAra kI dAloM aura rAga-gaginiyoM ke saphala prayoga se kAvyavINA ke tAra. svataH bhanakRta ho uTe hai|

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116 paricaya khaMDa vAdicandra : ( 1651 - 54 ) zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inako bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUpaNa kA ziSya batAyA hai| 1 vAstava meM the mUlasaMgha ke bhaTThAraka jJAnabhUpaNa ke pragiSya aura prabhAcandra ke ziSya the / inakI guru paramparA isa prakAra svIkRti haiM- digambara mUlasaMgha ke vidyAnandi - mallighUSaNa - lakSmIcandra - vIracandra - jJAnabhUSaNa - pramAcandra ke zipya vAdicandra / 2 inakI gaddI gujarAta meM kahIM para thii| inake janma tathA jIvanavRtta kA kahIM ullekha nahIM miltaa| vAdicandra eka uttama koTi ke sAhitya sarjaka the| 'pArzvagurAga', 'jJAnasUyodaya nATaka', 'pavanadUta' Adi saMskRta graMthoM ke sAtha inhoMne "yagobara caritra" kI bhI racA kI jo aMkalezvara - rUca (gujarAta) ke citAmaNi prAzvarvanAva ke mandira meM, maM0 1657 meM racI gii| 3 vAdicandra kI prApta racanAoM kA yahA~ saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai| "zrIpAla AkhyAna" 4 - isa AkhyAna kI eka prati vambaI ke ailana pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana meM surakSita hai| isakI racanA saM0 1651 meM huI thii| 5 isa AkhyAna ke sambandha meM zrI nAthUrAma premI ne likhA hai ki yaha eka gItikAvya hai aura isakI bhASA gujarAtI mizrita hindI hai / 5 isa kRti meM eka apUrva AkarSaNa hai / nava rasoM kA bar3A sundara paripAka huA hai / bhASA atyanta sarala evaM pravAhayukta hai| dohe aura caupAiyoM kA prayoga vizeSa hai| vibhinna rAgoM meM suniyojita yaha kAvya bar3A hI sarasa evaM bhaktipUrNa bhAvoM kI srotasvinI hai| 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 1, pR0 803 2 nAthUrAma premI kRta jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 387, pAdaTippaNI 3 aMkalezvara sunAme zrI cintAmaNi mandire / sapta paMca rasAnjAM ke varSe kArI suzAstrakam // - yazodhara caritra kI prazasti, 81 vAM padya prazasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga, prastAnA pR0 24, pAda TippaNI 4 a| 4 jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 1, pR0 804 5 samvata sola ekAvanA se, kIdhu eha smbndhjii| bhavIyaNa thIra mana kari nisuNayo, nita nita e sambandhajI // 10 // -zrIpAla AkhyAna

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 117 "marata-bAhubalI chanda" 1 bharata aura bAhubalI ke prasiddha kathAnaka ko lekara racita yaha kavi kAM laghu kAvya hai| "ArAdhanA gIta" - yaha eka muktaka kAvya hai| isameM kula 28 padya hai / isakI eka prati sAdarApura meM pArzvanAtha caityAlaya ke sarasvatI bhavana meM dharmabhUSaNa ke zipya brahya vAghajI kI likhI huI surakSita hai| 2 yaha eka sundara bhakti vAvya hai| "ambikA kayA" - devI ambikA kI bhakti se saMbaMdhita yaha kRti hai| isakI eka prati lakhanaU ke zrI vijayasena aura yati rAmapAlajI ke pAsa hai / isakI racanA saM0 1651 meM huI thii| aba yaha kathA prakAzita ho cukI hai / 3 __ "pANDava - purANa" - isakI racanA saM0 1654 meM naudhaka meM huI thii| 4 isakI eka prati jayapura ke terahapanthI mandira ke saMgraha meM surakSita hai| bhaTThAraka mahIcandra : (saM0 1651 ke pazcAta ) ye bhaTTAraka vAdicandra ke ziSya the / 5 vAdicandra apane samaya ke eka samartha sAhityakAra the / inakA samaya sambat 1651 ke AsapAsa kA siddha hI hai / ataH bhaTTAraka mahIcandra kA samaya bhI lagabhaga saMvat 1651 ke pAzcAt kA hI ThaharanA cAhie / inake saMbaMdha meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM / mahIcandra svayaM bhI samartha sAhityakAra the| inake pUrva bhaTThAraka guruoM meM vIracandra. jJAnabhUpaNa, prabhAcandra, tathA vAdicandra Adi rAjasthAna ke vizeSataH bAgar3a pradeza tathA gujarAta ke kucha bhAgoM meM sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika jAgaraNa kA zaMkhanAda phUkate rahe / bhaTTAraka mahIcandra kA bhI saMbaMdha rAjasthAna aura gujarAta donoM kI hI 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 1, pR0 804 - 805 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 1, pR0 805 3 agaracaMda nAhaTA. ambikA kathA, anekAnta, varSa 13, kiraNa 3-4 4 prazasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga, dillI, prastAvanA, pR0 14, pAdaTippaNI 3 5 zrI mUlasaMdhe sarasvatI gaccha jANo, balAtkAra gaNa vkhaannoN| zrI vAdicandra mane ANoM, zrI nemIzvara caraNa nabhesU // 32 // tasa pATe mahI candra guru thApyo, deza videza jaga bahu vlApyo / zrI nemIzvara caraNa namesU // 3 // "neminAtha samavazaraNa vidhi", udayapura ke khanDelavAla mandira ke zAstra bhaMDAra vAlI prati /

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pariNaya baMDa gAdiyoM meM rahA honA cAhie / inakI racanAoM meM rAjasthAtI aura gujagatI prabhAva bhI isa bAta kA pramANa hai| ava taka kI khojoM meM inakI tIna racanAeM prApta huI haiM / ? Aditya bata kathA, 2 lavAMkuga chappaya, aura 3 neminAtha samavazaraNa vidhi| "Adityavrata kayA" - isameM 22 chaMda hai / racanA saMvat kA ullekha nahIM hai / "lavAMkuza chappaya" - chappaya chanda ke 70 padyoM meM racita yaha kavi kI bar3I racanA hai / isakI eka prati zrI digambara jaina mandira DUMgarapura meM, guTakA naM0 355 meM nivaddha hai| ise eka sundara khaNDakAba kaha sakate haiN| isakI kathA kA AdhAra laya aura kuza kI jIvana gAthA hai| rAma ke laMkA vijaya aura jayodhyA Agamana ke pazcAt ke kayAsUtra ko lekara sAhityika varNana ( isa kAvya meM ) huA hai| kRti meM zAMtarama kA nirvAha huA hai phira bhI vIra rasa ke prasaMga bhI kana nahIM / vIra rasa pradhAna DiMgala zailI kA eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai "raNa misANa vajAya sakala sainyA tava melI / caDhyo divAje kari kaTaka kari daza diga bhelI / / hasti turaMga masUra bhAra kari zeSaja zaMko / khaDagAdika hathiyAra debi ravi zazi paNa kaMpyo / pRthvI AMdolita thaI chatra camara ravi chAnyo / pRthu rAjA ne care kahyo, lyAvra rAma tave Avayo / // 15 // "vyA ke asavAra haNI gaya varani ghaMTA / ratha kI dhAca kUcara haNI valI hayanI zarA // lava aMkuga yuddha dekha dagoM digi nAThA jAve / / , pRthurAjA bahu vaDhe lohi paNa jugati na pAve // vajra jaMgha napa devatoM bala sAthe bhAgo yadA / kula sIla hIna keto jina jite pRthurA page paDyo tadA // 20 // " kRti kAvyatvapUrNa hai / bhASA rAjasthAnI DiMgala hai| gujarAtI zabdoM ke prayoga bhI prApta haiN| kavi kI zeSa racanAoM meM "neminAtha samavaraNa vidhi" tathA "AdinAtha viti" kavi kI latru racanAoM ke saMgraha haiM / 1 1. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta - vyaktitatva evaM kRtitva, DaoN. kasturacanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 168

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jIna gurjara kaviyoM kI hiMdI kavitA 214 saMyaM sAgara : (saM0 1656 AsapAsa). bAraDolI ke naMta bha0 kumudacaMdra (saM0 1656 ) ke ziSya the| ye brahmacArI ye aura svayaM eka acche kavi bhI the| ye apane guru ko sAhitya nirmANa meM sahayoga dete rahate the| apane guru kumudacaMdra kI prazaMmA meM inhoMne aneka gIta, stavana evaM paH liye haiN| unakA yaha gIta evaM pada sAhitya aitihAsika mahatva kI dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ne saMyama sAgara kI 7 racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1 bhASAzailI kI dRSTi se racanAeM sAdhAraNa haiN| brahma gaNeza : ( satrahavIM zatI dvitIya - tRtIya caraNa ) bha0 ranakoti ( sambat 1643 - 1566 ) bha0 kumudacaMdra (saMvat 1656 ) tathA na0 abhayacandra (saMvat 1640 (janma) - 1685 - 1321 ( bhaTTAraka pada) ina tInoM ke hI priya ziSyoM meM se the / ina bhaTTArakoM kI prazaMsA, stavana evaM paricaya ke rUA meM inhoMne aneka gIta likhe haiM / DaoN kAmalIvAla jI ke ullekha ke anusAra inake abataka 20 gIta prApta ho cuke haiN| 2 ina gItoM tathA stavanoM meM kavi hRdaya barasa par3A hai| ma0 abhaya candra ke svAgata gAna meM likhA unakA eka gIta bhApA kI dRSTi se dRSTavya hai "Aju bhale Aye jana dina dhana rynnii| . zivayA nandana baMdI rata tuma, kanaka kusuma badhAvo mRga nayanI // 1 // ujjala giri pAya pUjI paramaguru sakala saMgha sahita saMga sayanI / mRdaMga bajAvate gAvane gunaganI, abhayacandra paTadhara Ayo gaja gayanI // 2 // aba tuma Aye bhalI karI, dharI dharI jaya gabda bhavika saba khenii| . jyoM cakorIcandra ku iyata, kahata gaNeza vizeSakara vacanI / / 3 // ". brahma ajita : ( 17 vIM zatI dvitIya - tRtIya caraNa ) ye bha0 surendakIti ke praziSya evaM vidyAnandI ke ziSya the| brahma amita saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn the| bhaTThAraka vidyAnandi balAtkAragaNa, sUrata zAkhA ke ke bhaTTAraka the| 3 brahma ajita kA mukhya nivAsa bhRgukacchapura ( bhaDauca ) kA neminAtha caityAlaya thA / brahmacArI avasthA meM rahate hue inhoMne yahIM "hanubhaccarita" kI 1 vahI, pR0 162 2 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, pR0 162 3 bhaTThAraka sampradAya patra saM0 164

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120 paricaya khaMDa racanA kii| isa kRti meM inakI sAhitya nirmANa kI kalA spaSTa najara AtI hai| 12 marga kA yaha kAvya atyaMta lokapriya kAvya rahA hai| isako eka prati lAmera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM surakSita hai / __ inakI hindI racanA "haMsA gIta" 1 prApta hai| isakA nAma "haMsA tilaka rAsa" athavA "haMsA bhAvanA" bhI hai| 37 padyoM meM racita yaha eka laghu AdhyAtmika tathA upadeza pradhAna racanA hai| eka aMza dRSTavya hai "e bArai vihi bhAvaNai jo bhAvai dRr3ha citu re / haMsA / zrI mUla saMdhi gachi desIue volai brahma ajita re // haMsA / / 36 // " bhApA evaM zailI donoM dRSTiyoM se racanA accI hai| kRti meM racanA samvat kA ullekha nahIM hai / brahma ajita 17 vIM zatAbdi ke saMta kavi the| 2 mahAnanda gaNi : (saM) 1661 AsapAsa ) ye tapAgaccha ke akabara bAdagAha pratiyoSaka prasiddha AcArya hIravijayasUri kI ziSyaparamparA meM hue vidyAharSa ke ziSya the| 3 inakI racanAoM para gujarAtI kA atyadhika prabhAva dekhate hue aimA pratIta hotA hai ki gujarAtI hI inako mAtRbhASA thii| saMbhavataH ye gujarAja ke hI rahane vAle hoN| inake sambandha meM vizeSa koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| inakI racita eka kRti "ajanA sundarI rAsa" 4 prApna hai jo rAyapura meM vi0 saM0 1661 meM racI gaI thii| yaha eka sundara caritra kathA hai jisa meM hanumAna kI mAM ajanA kA caritra varNita hai| isI kayAnaka ko lekara aneka gurjara jaina kaviyoM ne kAvya racanAeM kI haiN| aMjanA devI para aneka ApattiyAM AtI haiM para ve bhagavAna jinendra kI bhakti se vicalita nahIM hotii| inakA sampUrNa jIvana bhaktimaya thA / ajanA ke caritra kI saba se bar3I vizeSatA yaha thI ki usane gRhasthAzrama ke kartavyoM kA bhI vidhivata pAlana kiyA sAtha hI vItarAgI prabhu se prema kara aloka kA bhI samAna rUpa se nirvAha kiyaa| inakI bhApA rAjasthAnI-gujarAtI mizrita hindI hai / viraha ke eka madhura pada dvArA isakI pratIti karAI jA sakatI haiM1 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAra, pR0 178-80 2 vahI, pR0 166 3 gagi mahAnanda, aMjanAsundarI rAta, jaina siddhAnta-mavana ArA kI hastalikhinu prati / 4 jaina siddhAnta - bhavana, ArA meM isakI hastalikhita prati surakSita hai| isameM 22 panne hai|

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 121 "madhukara karaI guMjArava mAra vikAra vahati / koyala karaI paTa hUkaTA TUkaDA melavA kaMta // mayalayAcala kI calakiu pulakiu pavana pracaMDa / madana mahAnRpa pAsai virahIna sira daMDa // 55 // " megharAja : (saM0 1661 AsapAsa) kavi megharAja pArzacandragacchIya paramparA meM zravaNakRSi ke ziSya the| inake sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inakI gujarAtI racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jisase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ve gujarAtI the| hindI meM inakI choTI - moTI stutiyAM prApta hotI haiM, yathA - pArzvandrastuti, sadgurustuti tathA saMyamapravahaNa Adi / svaccha zailI tathA gujarAtI-hindI mizra bhASA meM Apane apanI bhAvanAoM ko abhivyakti dI hai| "gacharati darasaNi ati ANanda / zrI rAjacanda sUrisara pratapau jA lagi hu~ ravicanda / / guNa gachapati nA bhavai mApai pahucar3a Asa jagIsa // 152 // " lAlavijaya : (saM0 1662 - 73) / ye tapAgacchIya vijadevasUri ke ziSya zubhavijaya ke ziSya the| 1 inake dvArA racita inakI do gujarAtI kRtiyoM ke atirikta eka hindI kRti "neminAtha dvAdazamAsa" zrI upalabdha hai jisameM paramparAgata zailI meM rAjamatI ke viraha ko bArahamAse ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| bhASA pravAhamayI hai aura bhAva spaSTatA se abhivyakti pA sake haiN| "tuma kAhi piyA giranAra caDhe hama se to kaho kahA cUka parI, yaha vesa nahIM piyA saMjama kI tuma kA~hIkuaisI vicitra dharI, kaise vArahamAsa vItAvoge samajhAvoge mujhi yAha dharI // 1 // vayAzIla : (saM0 1664 - 67 ) / ye aMcalagacchIya dharmasUri kI paramparA meM vijayazIla ke ziSya the| inakI do gujarAtI kRtiyoM kA tathA haka hindI kRti kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / 2 isa hindI kRti kA nAma hai / "candrasena candraghetA nATakIyA pravandha" / isakI racanA bhInamAla meM samvat meM huI thii| 3 yaha kRti zAntinAtha ke caritra ke AdhAra hara racita 1 moha da0 desAI, jaina gUrjara kavio, pR0 487 2 mo0 da0 desAI, jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 1, pR0 602-5 3 vahI, pR0 605 - -

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paricaya khaMDa 122 ke AdhAra para racita eka caritakAvya hai / pATaNa bhaNDAra meM surakSita isakI eka prati meM mApA kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai| "merI sajjanI muni guNa gAvu rI / candraghota candra muNinda merA nAmai hui ANanda / saMsAra jalanidhi jalaha tAraNa, munivara nAva samAna // merI0 // 2 // " horAnanda : horo saMghavI, gRhastha kavi ; ( saM0 1664 68 ) gujarAtI kRtiyoM ke antaHsAkSya ke AdhAra para inake pitA kA nAma kAnha 1 aura guru kA nAma vijayasenasUri 2 siddha hotA hai| zeSa jIvanavRta ke bAre meM abhI taka jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotii| hIrAnanda eka acche kavi the / 52 akSaroM meM se pratyeka akSara para eka-eka padya kI racanA sahita 57 padyoM se susajja inakI "adhyAtma vAvanI" jJAnAzrayI kavitA kI pratimApUrNa hindI kAvyakRti hai / 3 isakI racanA lAbhapura ke bhojiga kizanadAsa zAha veNidAsa ke putra ke paThanArtha huI thii| 4 isakA mukhya viSaya adhyAtma hai| inakI bhASA pravAhapUrNa va samartha hai tathA kavitva ucca prakAra ke guNoM se yukta hai| paramAtmatatva kI mahimA meM udgIta prArambhika paMktiyA~ draSTavya hai| __"UMkAra sarupuruSa Iha alaSa agocara, antarajJAna vicArI pAra pAvaI nAhi ko nara / " vipaya aura bhASA donoM ke gaurava kA nirvAha kavi ne bar3I sundaratA ke sAtha kiyA hai| dayAsAgara vA dAmodara muni : ( sa0 1665 - 69) __ye acalagacchIya dharmamUrtisUri kI paramparA meM udayasamudrasUri ke ziSya the| 5 gujarAtI kI kRyitoM meM eka kRti "madanakumAra rAsa" kI prazasti meM ..madana zataka" kA ullekha hai jo inakI eka 101 dohe meM racita hindI racanA hai| isa gantha kA ullekha hindI sAhitya. dvitIya khaNDa meM bhI kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH yaha eka premakathA hai| 1 vahI, pR0 640 - 2 vahI 3 bAvana akSara sAra vividha varanana kari bhApyA / cetana jaDa saMbaMdha samajhi nija citamaI rAptA / / - adhyAtma vAvanI 4 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 466-67 5 vahI bhAga 1, pR0 404

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA / 123. hema vijaya : (saM0 1670 ke AsapAsa) hemavijaya jI prasiddha AcArya harivijayasUri ke praziSya aura vijayasenasUri ke ziSya the / 1 kavi kA jIvanavRtta ajJAta hai| unake kAvya meM yujarAtI kA prayoga dikhAI dene se tathA premI jI ke isa kathana se "AgarA aura dillI kI tarapha bahuta samaya taka vicaraNa karate rahe the, isalie inheM hindI kA jJAna honA svAbhAvika hai" yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki ye gujarAta meM hI kahIM janme the / hindI meM racita inake uttama pada prApta haiM jinameM hIravijayasUri tathA vijayasenasUri kI stutiyAM tathA tIryakaroM ke stavana vartamAna haiN| mizravandhu vinoda meM bhI samvat 1666 meM inake dvArA vatAe gae sphuTa padoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / 2 kavi ne neminAtha tathA rAjula ke kathA prasaMgoM ko lekara rAjula kI viraha-vyathA ko bar3e hI mArmika zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai "dhanaghora ghaTA unayI ju naI, itatai utatai camakI bijalI / piyure piyure papihA vilalAti ju, mora kiMgAra karaMti milii| . vica vindu pare ga AMsu jhareM, duni dhAra apAra isI niklii| muni hema ke sAhiba dekhana kU, ugrasena lali su akelI calI // " .. lAlacanda : (saM0 1672-65) ___ lAlacanda jI kharataragacchIya jinasiMhasUri ke ziSya harinandana ke ziSya the / 3 isa yuga meM isI nAma ke tIna aura vyakti ho gae hai kintu ye ina tInoM se pRthak mAtra lAlacanda nAma se hI prasiddha hai| inakI gujarAtI racanAoM ke sAtha eka hindI kI kRti "vairAgya vAvanI" bhI prApta hai jisakI racanA saMvat 1665 bhAdrazukla 15 ko huI thii| adhyAtma-vicAra aura vairAgyabhAvanA isa kRti kA mukhya uddezya hai / kavi santoM kI sI bhASA meM bolatA milatA hai| mASA para gujarAtI prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai| isakI tulanA hIrAnanda saMghavI kI "adhyAtmaka bAvanI" se kI jA sakatI hai| bhadrasena : (saM0 1674-1716) inake viSaya meM jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotii| mAtra itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki jaba jinarAjasari ne zatrujaya para pratiSThA kI usa samaya kavi bhadrasena va guNavinaya 1. nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 47 / / 2. mizravandhu vinoda, bhAga, 1, pR0 367 / 3. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR0 660 /

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124 ] paricaya-khaMDa Adi upasthita the / 1 184 padoM meM racita inakA "candana malayAgiri caupaI" eka sundara loka kathA kAvya hai| isa kRti kI lokapriyatA kA ujjvala pramANa yaha hai ki usakI asaMkhya pratiyA~ rAjasthAna va gujarAta ke bhaNDAroM meM prApta haiM jisameM kucha sacitra bhI haiM / saMvat 1675 ke AsapAsa racita isa kRti meM bhASA sarala tathA zailI prasAdAtmaka hai| isameM kusumapura ke rAjA candana aura zIlavatI rAnI malayagiri kI kathA nivaddha hai| guNasAgarasuri : (saM0 1675-61) ___ guNasAgara jI vijayagaccha ke padmasAgarasUri ke paTTavara the| inakI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai-vijayagaccha ke vijaya RSi-dharmadAsa-khemajI-padmasAgara / 2 'kRtapuNya (kayavannA) rAsa', 'sthUlibhadragIta', 'gAntijinavinatI rUpa stavana', 'zAntinAtha chanda' tathA 'pArzvajina stavana' Adi kavi kI hindI racanAyeM haiN| inake sambandha meM zeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / 'kRtapuNya rAsa' dAna-dharma kI mahimA para AghRta 20 DhAloM se yukta eka kRti hai / bhASA gujarAtI se atyadhika prabhAvita hai / 'sthUlimadragIta' 12 padyoM kI vibhinna rAgoM meM nibaddha eka laghu racanA hai| isI prakAra anya kRtiyA~ bhI kavi kI laghu racanAe~ haiM aura bhakti-bhAvanA se ApUrNa hai| bhagavAna ke darzanoM kI mahimA batAtA huA kavi kahatA hai ."pAsa jI ho pAsa darasaNa kI vali jAiye, pAsa mana raMgai guNa gAiye / pAsa bATa ghATa udyAna meM, pAsa nAgai saMkaTa upasamai / pA0 / upasamaiM saMkaTa vikaTa kaSTaka, durita pApa nivaarnno| ANaMda raMga vinoda vArU, apai saMpati kAraNo // pA0 // " zrIsAra : (saM0 1681-1702) zrIsAra jI kharatara gacchIya upAdhyAya ratnaharSa tathA hemanandana ke ziSya the|3 inakI racanAoM meM gujarAtI prabhAva ko dekhate hue yaha anumAna karanA svAbhAvika ho jAtA hai ki inakA sambandha gujarAta se dIrgha kAla taka rahA hogaa| inakI bAraha kRtiyoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / 4 ina kRtiyoM meM do hindI kRtiyA~ vizeSa ullekhya hai-(1) motI kapAsIyA saMvAda, tathA (2) sAra baavnii| 'motI kapAsIyA saMvAda' 1. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 567-68 / 2. vahI, pR0 467 / 3. mo0 da0 desAI, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 535 / 4. vahI, pR0 534-541 tathA bhAga 3, pR0 1029-32 tathA agaracanda nAhaTA rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla, paramparA, pR0 80-81 /

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__ jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 125 inakI eka mahatvapUrNa sAhityika kRti hai| bhASA sarala va prasAda guNayukta hai kintu hai gujarAtI se prabhAvita hI "motI gharavyau mahIpa lai hu~ moTo saMsAra, moha tamovaDi koI nahIM, huM sigalai giradAra / saMpa huo-motI kapAsIyeM, milIyA mAho mAhi", Adi / 'sAra bAvanI' kI pratyeka paMkti meM kakkAkrama se eka-eka akSara ko lekara eka-eka kavita racA gayA hai / Arambha 'OM' kAra se huA hai| bAlacanda : (saM0 1685 ke AsapAsa) kavi bAlacanda loMkAgacchIya paramparA meM gaMgadAsa muni ke ziSya the / 1 jJAnAzrayI kavitA ke ujjavala pramANasvarUpa 33 padyoM se pUrNa tathA bhAvanagara ke jaina prakANa meM prakAzita 'bAlacanda battIsI' ke AdhAra para unakA gujarAtI honA siddha hotA hai / inako bhASA sarala va prabhAvapUrNa hai "sakala pAtika hara, vimala kevala ghara, jAko vAso zivapura tAsu laya laaie| nAda vida rUparaMga, pANipAda utabhaMga, , Adi anta madhya bhaMgA jAkU nahi pAie |aadi||" jJAnAnanda : (17 vIM zatI) jJAnAnanda jI kA itivRtta abhI taka prApta nahIM hai / inake padoM meM 'nidhicarita' nAma jisa zraddhA ke sAtha vyakta huA hai usase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki saMbhavataH nidhicarita Apake guru rahe hoN| paMDita vecaradAsa ne inakA 17 vIM zatI meM honA mAnA hai2 aura DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara ne inakI bhASA meM gujarAtI prabhAva ko dekhakara inake gujarAtI hone kA yA gujarAta meM dIrghakAla taka rahane kA anumAna lagAyA hai|3 santoM kI sI inakI bhASA meM saralatA-sajIvatA evaM gAMbhIrya ke darzana hote haiM tathA abhivyakti meM asAmpradAyika zuddha jJAna mukhara ho uThA hai| isa kAraNa inakA pada-sAhitya bhAratavyApI saMta paramparA kA pratIka hairAga-josI rAsA ___ "avadhU. sUtAM, kyA isa maTha meN| 1. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 542 / 2. bhajana saMgraha, ghUmAmRta, 21 3. gujarAta kI hindI sevA (aprkaashit)|

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126 paricaya-khaMDa isa maTha kA hai kavana bharosA par3a jAve caTapaTa meM / china meM tAtA, china meM zItala, rogazoka bahu ghaTa meM |Adi Adi / haMsarAja : (17 dIM zato uttarArddha) haMsarAja kharataragacchIya varddhamAnasUri ke ziSya the / 1 inake sambandha meM bhI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inheM 17 vIM zatI kA kavi mAnA hai / 2 'jJAna bAvanI' inakI eka hindI racanA hai jisakI pratiyAM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke aneka bhaNDAroM meM prApta hotI haiM jo isa kRti kI lokapriyatA ke sAtha isa bAta ko bhI pramANita karatI haiM ki kavi kA gujarAta se dIrghakAlIna sambandha rahA. hai / 'jJAna vAvanI' bhakti evaM vairAgya ke bhAvoM se paripUrNa 52 padyoM meM racita eka sundara kRti hai / inakI bhASA sarala va pravAhayukta hai-- "oMkAra rUpa dhyeya geya hai na kachu jAneM / ___ para paratata mata mata chahuM mAMhi gAyo hai / jAko bheda pAvai syAdavAdI aura kaho / jAne mAne jAte ApA para urajhAyo hai|" Adi aadi| RSabhadAsa (zrAvaka kavi) : (satrahavIM zatI kA uttarArddha) ___ ye khaMbhAta ke prasiddha zrAvaka kavi the| tapA gacchIya AcArya vijayAnaMdasUri inake guru the / 3 kavi eka dharmasaMskArI, bahuzru ta evaM zAstrAbhyAsI vidvAna zrAvaka the| ye gujarAtI mApA ke premAnanda aura akhA kI koTi ke kavi the| inhoMne choTI-moTI aneka kRtiyAM racI haiN| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inakI 43 racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 4 hindI ke vIrakAvyoM meM inake 'kumArapAla rAsa' kA ullekha huA hai / 5 isake atirikta 'zroNika rAsa' tathA 'rohiNI rAsa' kA ullekha bhI hindI kRtiyoM meM huA hai|6 kavi kA adhikAMza sAhitya abhI aprakAzita hai| kucha kRtiyoM kA to kavi kI vibhinna kRtiyoM meM ullekha mAtra hI milatA hai| saMbhava hai ye kRtiyAM ava bhI vibhinna jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM ajJAtAvasthA meM par3I ho isa dizA vizeSa saMzodhana kI AvazyakatA hai| 1. jJAna bAvanI, 52 vAM pada / 2. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, pR0 1624 / 3. zrI gurunAmi atI AnaMda, vaMdo vijayAnaMda suriNd| zrI hIra vijayasari rAsa 4. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR 406-458 tathA bhAga 3, pR0 617--633 / 5. dhIrendra varmA sammAdita--hindI sAhitya, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 177 tathA 180 / 6. anekAnta, varSa 11, kiraNa 4-5, jUna-julAI. 1951 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 127 ___ kavi kI vibhinna kRtiyoM ke avalokana se dezya bhASA kA prAcIna rUpa tathA hindI kA vikasita rUpa spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / bhApA bar3I sarala tathA prAsAdika hai / vibhinna bhASA prayoga kI dRSTi se kavi yA 'hIravijayasUri rAsa' vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| prasaMgAnukUla aura bhAvAnukUla bhASA saMyojana kI uttama kalA isameM dikhAI detI hai / vAdazAha ke pazcAtApa kA eka prasaMga draSTavya hai "pahile meM pApI huA bohota, Adama kA bhava yuhIM khota, . cittor3a gar3ha lInA meM Apa, kahyA na jAve vo mahApApa / jorana marada kuttA vI haNyA, azva ukAMTa lekhe nahiM gaNayA, aise gaDha lIne meM bohota, bar3A pApa uhAM sahI hota / " urdU niSTa kavitA kA eka aura udAharaNa avalokanIya hai "yA khudA mibaDA dojakhI, kInI vohota bujagArI; isa kAraNI thI bIhasta na pAU~, hoigI bohota khoArI // 66 // " isa prakAra ke aneka hindI-urdU niSTha prasaMga kavi kI vibhinna racanAoM meM vizeSataH 'hIravijayasari rAsa' meM prApta hote haiN| saMbhava hai khoja karane para kavi kI koI svataMtra hindI racanA bhI prApta ho jAya / kanaka kIti : (17 vIM zatI kA antima caraNa) kharatara gacchIya prasiddha AcArya jinacandrasUri kI paramparA meM jayamaMdira ke ziSya 1 kanaka kIti kA koI jIvanavRtta upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inakI kAvyakRtiyoM hindI tathA gujarAtI-donoM bhApAoM meM racI gaI prApta hotI haiN| inakI hindI kRtiyoM meM gIta, stuti, vaMdanA, sajjhAe~ Adi haiN| ye saba bhagavAna tathA kisI Rpi kI stuti athavA vaMdanA meM racita kRtiyA~ haiN| inakI pramukha kRtiyA~ haiM-'bharatacakrI sajajhAya' (bhakti-kAvya), 'meghakumAra gIta' (vaMdanA), 'jinarAja stuti', 'vinatI', 'zrIpAlastuti', 'karmaghaTAvalI' 'bhaktikAvya' tathA sphuTa bhaktipada / inakI bhASA ke aneka rUpa prApta hote haiM, yathA-DhUDhArI se prabhAvita ( jahAM 'hai' ke sthAna para 'chai' kA prayoga hai ), gujarAtI se prabhAvita, mAravAr3I, vraja ke samIpa tathA khar3I bolI / khar3I bolI kA eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai "tuma prabhu dInadayAlu, mujha duSi duri krojii| lIja anaMtana hI tuma dhyAna dharoM jI // " 1. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga, pR0 568 /

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prakaraNa 3 18 vIM zatI katra jaina gurjara kavi aura unakI kRtiyoM kA paricaya Anandadhana, yazovijayajI, jJAnavimalasUri, dharmavarddhana, Anandavarddhana, kezarakuzala, haimasAgara, vRddhivijayajI, jinaharSa, devavijaya bhaTTAraka zubhacandra- 2, devendrakIrtiziSya, lakSmIvallabha, zrI nyAyasAgarajI, abhayakuzala, mAnamuni, kezavadAsa, vinayavijaya, zrI maddevacandra, udayaratna, saubhAgyavijayajI, RSabhasAgara, vinayacandra, haMsaratna, bhaTTAraka ratnacandra-2, vidyAsAgara, khemacandra, lAvaNyavijayagaNi, jinaudayasUri, kizanadAsa, hemakavi, kuzala, kanakakuzala bhaTTArka, kuvarakuzala bhaTTArka, guNavilAsa, nihAlacanda |

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prakaraNa 3 18 vIMna zatI katra jai gUrjara kaviyoM tathA unakI kRtiyoM kA paricaya pichale prakaraNa meM hama 17 vIM zatI ke pramukha hindI kaviyoM kA avalokana kara cuke haiM / 18vI zatI meM jaina-gUrjara kavivoM kI hindI-sAdhanA uttarottara vRddhigata hotI dikhAI detI hai| isa zatI meM aneka sukaviyoM kI sundara racanAeM hameM samupalabdha hotI haiM / isa prakaraNa se hama 18 vI zatI ke pramukha kaviyoM tathA unake sAhityika vyaktitva para dRSTipAta karanA prasaMgaprApta samajhate haiM / Anantadhana : ( saM 1680 - 1745) sacce adhyAtmavAdI mahAtmA Anandadhana zvetAmbara jaina kavi tathA sAdhu the| 1 inakA mUla nAma lAmAnanda thaa| jainoM ke kisI sampradAya athavA gaccha meM inakI koI ruci nahI dikhAI detii| 2 inake samakAlIna jaina kavi yazovijaya kI upalabdha "aSTapadI" meM bhI unake rahasyavAdI vyaktitva kA hI varNana mukhya hai| inake janma Adi ko lekara sAhitya-kSetra meM aneka aTakaleM lagAI gaI-yathA - Anandadhana gujarAta ke rahane vAle the, 3 Anandadhana kA janma bundelakhaNDa ke kisI nagara meM huA thA aura meDatA nagara ke AsapAsa inakA rahanA adhika huA / 4 inakI prathama kRti "Anandaghana cauvIsI" gujarAta meM racita hone ke kAraNa yaha siddha hotA hai ki Anandaghana jI yA to gujarAtI the athavA gujarAta meM unakA nivAsa dIrghakAla taka rahA hogaa| Anandaghana jI kA samaya to nizcita-sA hI hai / meDatA, nagara meM hI yazovijaya jI se unakA sAkSAtkAra huA thA pariNAmata: yazovijaya ne unase prabhAvita hokara unakI prazaMsA me 'apTapadI' raca DAlI thii| 5 yazovijaya ke samakAlIna hone ke sAya DabhoI nagara me sthita yazovijaya jI kI samAdhi para mRtyu samvat 1745 1 mo0 da0 desAI. jaina sAhityano itihA. pR0 622 2 'gacchanA bheda nayaNA nIhAratAM, tatvanI vAta karatA na laaje'| / Anandavana cauvIsI. jaina kAvya dohana, bhAga 1. pR0 8 - 3 DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, pR0 34 4 mo. mi. kApaDImA, AnandavanajInA pdo| 5 buddhisAgara ke Andaghana pada saMgraha meM prakAzita "Anandaghana aSThapadI" /

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132 paricaya laMDa likhA huA hai / ukta donoM tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara hI zAyada motIlAla kApaDIyA ne bAnandadhana kA janma samvata 1670 se 80 ke bIca banumAnita kiyA hai / 1 ye Ananda ghana mujAnavAle ghanAnanda se bhinna vyakti the, kAraNa (ka) inhoMne ghanAnanda ke 'mujAna' zabda kA kahIM para bhI prayoga nahIM kiyaa| (ba) ye dUsare mAnandadhana se bhinna ye kyoki ise dUsare Anandadhana kA sAkSAtkAra caitanya se haA thA jo hamAre mAnandaghana ke jIvana se bhinna ghaTanA hai| isI prakAra ye 'koka maMjarI' ke lekhaka ghanAnanda se bhI bhinna haiN| Anandaghana ke kAvya meM vistAra kama vintu gaharAI adhika hai| kAvyagana stutiyoM meM kavi ke bayAha jJAna aura apUrva zailI ke darzana hote hai| gujarAtI kI ukta racanA ke atirikta hindI kI bhI eka kRti prApta hotI hai / ina kRti kA nAna hai-Anandaghana bahotarI / nAma ke anunAra to inameM kevala 72 pada hI hone cAhi kintu vibhinna prakAzita pratiyoM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki yaha saMkhyA 100 taka pahuMca gaI hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne isa saMsthA ko saMdeha kI dRSTi se dekhA hai laura nAyarAma premI ne to isameM prakSiptatA kI sthiti ko svIkAra karate huA kahA hai, jAna par3atA hai, usameM bahuta se pada auroM ke milA lie gaye hai / bor3A hI parizrama karane se hameM mAlUma huA hai ki isakA 42 vAM pada "ava hama amara bhaye na marane" aura anta kA pada "tuma jJAna vinau pUralI vasaMta" ye donoM dyAnatarAyajI ke haiN| isI taraha jAMca karane se auroM kA bhI patA cala sakatA hai|" 2 "Anandaghana vahotarI" ke padoM meM bhakti, vairAgya, upradeza, jJAna, yoga, prema, Izvara, ulaTavAsiyAM, AdhyAtmika rUpaka, rahasya-darzana Adi kI apUrva nusaMyojita abhivyakti huI hai| paramatatva se lo lagAne kI bAta ko kavi ne kisa sahajatA se vyakta kiyA hai, dekhie "aise jina caraNe cita lA re manA, aise marihaMta ke guna gAuM re manA // aise...|| udara bharana ke kAraNe re, goMA vana meM jAya / cAro care cihu~ dina phire, vAkI surata vAchalA mAMha re|| aise // sAta pAMca sAheliyAM re hila mila pANI jAya / tAlI die khaDa khaDa haMse re, vAkI surati gagaraA mAMhe re // aise // " 1 AnandaghananA pado, pR0 18 2 hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 61 ( pAda TippaNI)

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 133 . jainadharmI kavi.Anandaghana kI isa kRti meM asampradAyika dRSTi se jJAna, vairAgya evaM bhakti kI triveNI pravahamAna hai, isameM dharma-sampradAya kI sImAeM nahIM hai, "sva" ke AcaraNa para "sva" ke viveka kA aMkuza vartamAna hai, parabhAva kA tyAga aura Atma pariNati kI nirmalatA pratyeka jIva meM udbuddha karane kI pravRti hai| isI udboyana ke pariveza meM sumati aura zuddha cetanA Adi pAtra janmeM hai / mUDha mAnavoM kI mAyApriyatA darzAte hue kavi sahaja bhAva se U~ce ghATa kI vANI mukharita kara detA hai "vahirAtama mUDhA jaga tetA, mAyA ke phaMda rahetA / ghaTa antara paramAtama ghyAve, durlabha prANI tetA // " 'Anandaghana meM saMto ke-se abheda bhAva kI abhivyakti aneka sthaloM para huI hai| inake kAvya meM rAma-rahamAna, kRSNa-mahAdeva, pArasanAtha Adi advaita rUpa meM pratiSThita hai, nAmabheda hote hue bhI sabhI eka hai, brahma haiM "rAma kaho rahamAna kaho kou, kAna kaho mahAdeva rI, pArasanAtha kaho kou brahma, sakala brahma syavameva rii| bhAjana bheda kahAvata nAno eka mRtikA rUpa rI, taise khaNDa kalpanA ropita Apa akhaNDa sarUpa rii| 'nija pada rame rAma so kahie, rahIma kahe rahamAna rI, kara kara kAna so kahiye, mahAdeva nirvANa rii| parase rUpa pArasa so kahiye, brahma cinhe so brahma rI, iha vidha sAco Apa Anandaghana, cetanamaya niHkarma rI // 67 // " Anandadhana meM jahAM eka ora "maiM AyI prabhu sarana tumhArI, lAgata nAhIM ghako" ke dvArA vaiSNavI prapati ke darzana hote haiM, vahAM kabIra kA-sA jJAna bhI dikhAI detA hai "avadhU aiso jJAna vicArI, vAme koNa puruSa koNa nArI // vammana ke ghara nhAtI ghotI, jogI ke ghara celI / / kalamA par3ha-par3ha maI turakaDI to, Apa hI Apa akelI // " Adi / avadhU ko sambodhita karate hue kavi kabIra kI vANI meM hI bAteM karatA pratIta hotA hai avadhU so jogI guru merA, ina pada kA kare re niveDA / taruvara eka mUla * bina chAyA, vina phUle phala lAgA / / zAkhA patra nahIM kachu unaku, amRta gagane lAgA // " Adi /

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paricaya isa prakAra dekhane se nAgaMgataH yaha kahA gaphanA meM yi Anandapana jI pAcAra kI bhAMti jJAnavAdI va rahasyavAdI kavi the| inakI mAgata yoM to rAja hai kintu ina para gujarAtI, mAravAr3I, paMjAbI Adi bhASAoM kA prabhAva guTa ina prakAra dinAI de jAtA hai ki une nIdhI bhASA meM madhukkar3I gaha denA anucita na hogaa| unamA chandavidhAna vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM meM nibaddha hai| inake pramukha rAga-vilAyana, ToDI, sAraMga, jayajayavantI,rodAra AgAvarI, anaMta, goraTha dIpaka mAnakaoNna Adi / meM rAga tritAla, cautAla, eka tAla aura dhamAra Adi tAloM para nibaddha hai| yagovijayajI upAdhyAya : (saM0 1680-1743) / kAzI meM raha kara tatkAlIna sarvotkRSTa vihAna bhaTTAcArya jI ke sAnidhya meM rahakara paDadarzana kA jJAna prApta kara dvitIya hemacandrAcArya kA viruda dhAraNa karane vAle, vahIM eka sanyAsI ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara nyAya-prizArada kI upAdhi prApta karane vAle tathA cAra varSa mAgare meM rahakara tasaMpArana va jainanyAya kA talaspI bhAna prApta karane vAle upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI kA hindI kI kRtiyoM ke antaHsAdhya ke AdhAra para koI prAmANika jIvanavRtta prApta nahIM hotaa| jo kucha bhI prApta hotA hai usake do srota haiM-(1) samakAlIna munivara kAntivijaya jI kI gujarAtI kAvyakRti 'nujasavelimAsa', tathA (2) mahArAjA kaNaMdeva kA vi0 saM0 1740 kA tAnapatra / isa tAmrapatra se yaha siddha hotA hai ki inakA janma gujarAta meM pATaNa ke pAsa kanADA gAMva meM huA thaa| inakA janma-kAla abhI taka nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai| anumAna hai ki inakA janma samvat 1670 le 1680 ke bIca meM kamI haA hogaa| inakA maraNa DamoI (gujarAta) meM 1743 meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma nArAyaNa aura mAtA kA nAma sAmAgya devI thaa| mAtA-pitA kI dharma parAyaNatA, udAratA, tathA dAnazIlatA ke saMskAra putra para pUrNataH par3e dikhAI dete haiN| prApta racanAoM ke AdhAra para inakA sAhitya-sRjana-kAla vi0 saM 1716 se 1743 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| inake dvArA racita 300 granthoM meM se lagabhaga 5-6 racanAe~ tathA kucha phuTakara pada hI hindI ke mAne jA sakate haiN| zeSa racanAe~ saMskRta, prAkRta gujarAtI meM likhI gaI haiN| upAdhyAya jI kI racanAyeM sarala bhASA meM rasapUrNa DhaMga se libI hone para bhI sAmagrI kI dRpTi me atyanta gariSTha haiM 'Anandadhana aSTapadI', jaisA ki hama pahale kaha Ae haiM, Anandaghana jI kI stuti meM likhI gaI racanA hai| 'mumati' sakhI ke sAya mastI meM jhUmate hue, AtmAnubhavajanya paramaAnandamaya advaita dazA ko prApta alaukika teja se dIpita yogIzvara rUpa Anandadhana ko dekhakara yazovijaya ke mana meM jo bhAvodveka huA use unhoMne isa prakAra prakaTa kiyA--

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 135 "mAraga calata-calata gAta, Anandaghana pyAre, rahana Ananda bharapUra // tAko sarUpa bhUpa trihuM loka the nyAro, barakhata mukha para nUra / / sumati sakhi sakhi ke saMga, nita-nita dorata, kavahuM na hota hI dUra / / jazavijaya kahe suno Anandaghana, hama tuma mile hajUra / " yAnandaghana AnandarUpa haiN| unheM pahacAnane ke lie jJAtA ke cita meM usI Ananda kI anubhUti kA honA Avazyaka hai "Ananda kI gata Anandaghana jAne / vAi sukha sahaja acala alakha pada, vA mukha sujasa bakhAne / sujasa vilAsa java prakaTe Anandarasa, Ananda akhaya khajAne / aisI dazA jaba pragaTe cita antara, sohi Anandaghana pichAne // " 'dikpaTa caurAsI vola' hemarAja ke 'sitapaTa caurAsI vola' ke uttara meM tathA banArasIdAsa ke paMtha ke virodha meM racI gaI kRti hai| isa kRti meM digambarI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana hai| yadi khaNDana-maNDana kI pravRtti meM ye na par3e hote to zAyada hemacandrAcArya se bhI mahAna siddha hote / 'samAdhizataka' meM digambara prabhAvandamUri ke 'samAdhizataka-samAdhitantra' nAmaka 100 zlokoM ke uttama graMtha kA gabdAnuvAda diyA gayA hai| isameM sthira saMtoSa ko hI mukti kA sAdhana mAnA hai-'mukti dUra tAkU nahIM, jAkU sthira saMtopa / ' 'samatA zataka' kavi kI cauthI hindI kRti hai jisameM 105 padya haiN| isakI racanA vijayasiMhasari ke 'sAmya zataka' ke AdhAra para muni hema vijaya ke lie likhI gaI thii| isameM indriyoM para vijaya pAne ke upAya batAe gae haiM / anya saMta kaviyoM kI bhAMti inhoMne mAyA ko sarpiNI ke rUpa meM cicitra kiyA hai jo dekhane meM madhura para gati se vakra aura bhayaMkara hai "komalatA vAhira gharatu, karata vakra gati cAra / mAyA sApiNI jaga Dare, grase sakala guNa sAra / " stavana, gIta, pada evaM stutiyoM ke isa saMkalana 'jasavilAsa' meM bhakti, vairAgya aura vizvaprema ke 100 pada saMkalita haiN| bhakta kA prabhu ke dhyAna meM magna honA hI vastutaH sabhI duvidhA kA aMta hai| bhaktirUpI nidhi prApta karane ke pazcAt bhakta ke lie hari-hara aura brahmA kI nidhiyAM bhI tuccha lagane lagatI haiM, usa rasa ke Age anya sabhI rasa phIke lagane lagate haiM; khule medAna meM mAyA, moha rUpI zatruoM para vijaya prApta ho jAtI hai "hama magana bhae prabhu dhyAna meM / visara gaI duvidhA tana-mana kI, macirA suta guna jJAna meM /

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136 paricaya khaDa hari hara brahma purandara kI RRddhi, Avata nahi kou bhAna meM / cidAnanda kI moja matI hai, samatA rasa ke pAna meM // " cittadamana, indriyanigraha bAdi ko anya saMtoM kI bhA~ti yazovijayI ne bhI apane kAvya kA viSaya banAyA hai / 'jaba laga mana Ave nahi ThAma | taba laga kaSTa kriyA savi niSphala jyo gagane citrAma" yazovijaya jI ke pAsa jJAna kI zuSkatA hI nahIM zrI apitu makti kI snigdhatA mI vartamAna thI / unakI prema divAnI AtmA piu kI raTa lagAe baiThI hai-- 'viraha dIvAnI phirU DhUMDhatI, pIu pIu karake . pokAreMge / " aura jaba unakI AtmA ko mAtra pukArane se saMtoSa nahIM milatA aura darzana kI utkaNThA bar3ha jAtI hai taba kavi kI vANI mukhara ho uThatI hai " cetana aba mohi darzana dIje / tuma darzaneM zivasukha pAmIje, tuma kArana tapa saMyama kiriyA, tuma darzana vinu sava yA jhUThI, bantara citta na bhIje // " tuma darzane bhava chIje / kaho kahA~ lo kIje / yazovijaya jI kI vibhinna kaviyoM ke adhyayana se yaha pratIti hue vinA nahIM rahatI ki unakI vANI prabhAvotpAdaka hai / bhASA prasAda guNa sampanna hai, zailI sarasatA se pUrNa aura chanda zAstrIya rAga-rAganiyoM meM nibaddha | jJAnavimalasUri 1 : (saM0 1694 (janma) - 1782 (mRtyu) ) inakA janma vIsA osavAlavaMza meM saMvat 1664 meM ( bhinnamAla meM ) hulA thA / 2 inake pitA kA nAma vAsava zrI tathA mAtA kA nAma kanakAvatI thA / tapagacchIya vinayavimala ke ziSya vIravimaya se inhoMne saM0 1702 meM dIkSA lI / inakA dIkSApUrva kA nAma 'nAthumalla' thA / dIkSA nAma 'nayavimala' rakhA gayA / unhoMne kAvya, tarka, nyAya tathA anya zAstrAdi meM nipuNatA prApta kii| naya- vimala kI sampUrNa yogyatA deva zrI vijayatramamUri ne unheM saM0 1727 meM sAdaDI (mAravADa) ke nikaTavartI grAma 'dhAge rAva' meM paMDitada (paMnyAsa pada) pradAna kiyA / saM0 1739 meM inake guru kAla dharmaM ko prApta hue / tadantara saMvat 1747 meM ye pATaNa Aye / yahAM zrI mahimAsAgarasUri ne maMDesara (saMDera) grAma meM saM0 1748 meM inheM AcArya pada se vibhUSita kiyA / AcAryapada prApta nayavimala ava jJAnavimalasUri vana gaye / 'zrI jJAnavimalamUri caritra rAma kI eka prAcIna prati milI hai, jisase kavi ke viSaya meM acchI jAnakArI milatI hai / prakAzita, prAcIna stavanAdi ratnasaMgraha, nAga 1, pR0 17 / jaina gurjara kavio, nAga 2, pR0 308 |

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 137 inake mukhya vihAra ke sthAna sUrata, khaMbhAta, rAjanagara, pATaNa, rAdhanapura, sAdaDI, dhAgerAva, sirohI, pAlItANA, junAgaDha Adi rhe| zrI mahopAdhyAya vinayavijaya jI, yazovijaya jI tathA paM0 RddhivimalagaNi Adi ye prAyaH sAtha-sAtha vihAra karate the / zrImad devacaMda jI se bhI inakA ghaniSTa saMbaMdha rahA hai| inhoMne siddhAcala kI yAtrA aneka vAra kI thii| aneka sAdhuoM ko dIkSA dI, unheM vAcaka pada aura paMDita pada se vibhUSita bhI kiyaa| khaMbhAta meM 86 varSa kI Ayu pUrI kara saMvat 1782 Azvina vadI 4, guruvAra kI prAtaH anazana pUrvaka ye svargadhAma sidhaare| Apa saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI aura gujarAtI Adi sabhI bhASAoM meM siddha-hasta the| inhoMne ina sabhI bhASAoM meM saphala kAvya racanA kI hai / ___ inhoMne gujarAtI meM vipula sAhitya kI sarjanA kI hai| 'prAcIna stavana ratna saMgraha' kI bhUmikA meM itake kula granyoM kI saMkhyA 25 se bhI adhika batAI hai| taduparAta. stavana. stuti. padAdi kI saMkhyA to kAphI bar3ha gaI hai| 3600 stavana inake race vatAye gaye hai aura unake racita granthoM kA zloka pramANa patrAsa hajAra hai / 1 gujarAtI meM inake aneka rAsAdi grantha bhI milate haiN| hindI meM bhI inakI muktaka racanAyeM stavana, gIta, sajjhAya pada Adi vipula saMkhyA meM prApta haiM / inakI prApta hindI racanAyeM 'prAcIna stavana ratna saMgraha' bhAga 1, aura meM 2 meM saMgrahIta haiN| inakI eka hindI racanA 'kalyANa mandira stotra gIta'2 bhI hai| jJAnavimalasUri kI gadya racanAe~ bhI prApta haiN| sUri jI eka saphala kavi, bhakta, adhyAtma tatva vivecaka, upadezaka tathA siddhahasta gadyakAra the| sUrijI ke gIta, stavana, stutiyA~ tathA pada vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM meM tathA degiyoM meM nibaddha saMgItazAstra ke anukUla haiN| kavi ne saMgIta kA bhI gaharA abhyAsa kiyA thA 'kalyANamaMdira stotra gauta' se eka udAharaNa draSTavya haikuzala sadana jina, mAvi bhavabhaya harana, azarana zarana jina, sujana varanata hai| bhava jala rAzi bharana, patita jana tAta tarana, pravahana anukarana, carana saroja hai // " kavi kI pada racanA var3I hI sarala aura prabhAvazAlI hai| unake eka prasiddha pada ko kucha paMktiyA~ dekhiye1. zrI jJAnavinalasUrizvara racita prAcIna stavana ratna saMgraha bhAga 1 / 2. 'zrI jJAnavinalamUrizvara racita prAcIna stavana saMgraha', bhAga 1 /

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paricaya khaMDa "vAlamIyAre virathA janama gamAyA, para saMgata kara dara visI maTakA, parase prema lgaayaa| parase jAyA para raMga bhAyA, paraku bhoga lgaayaa| 1" divya anubhUti kI isa mAvAmivyakti meM sahaja kavitva ke darzana hote haiM / bhASA sarala, sAdI evaM prabhAvazAlI hai| bhApA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hai / kavi kI vibhinna muktaka kRtiyA~ mApA, bhAva aura zailI kI dRSTi se bar3I samRddha evaM hindI kI uttama kRtiyo meM sthAna pAne yogya hai / dharmavardhana : ( saM0 1700 (janma) - 1783 84 (mRtyu) ) Apa kharataragacchIya jina bhadrasUri zAkhA meM hue vijayaharpa ke ziSya the / 2 inhoMne 16 varSa kI umra meM prathama kRti "zreNika caupaI" kI racanA kI / 3 isa AdhAra para inakA janma samvat 1700 siddha hai / inakA mUla nAma dharmasI athavA dharmasiMha thA / 13 varSa kI alpAyu meM kharataragacchAcArya zrI jinaratnasUri se dIkSA grahaNa kara apane vidyAguru vijayaharpa se inhoMne aneka zAstroM evaM mApAoM meM vidvatA prApta kI / inheM upAdhyAya aura mahopAdhyAya pada se bhI vibhUpita kiyA gayA / samvata 1783-84 meM kavi ne yazasvI evaM dIrghajIvana pAvana kara apanI ihalIlA saMvaraNa kii| 4 kavi kI vibhinna rAjasthAnI tathA gujarAtI kRtiyAM gujarAta meM racita prApta hai| 5 ina kRtiyoM se unake gujarAta ke vibhinna nagaroM-grAmoM meM vihAra kara dharmapracAra karane kI vAta puSTa hotI hai / ataH kavi kA gujarAta se dIrghakAlIna sambandha siddha hI hai| kavi dharmavardhana ke zipya vidvAna tathA kavi the| inakI ziSya-paramparA 16vIM zatI taka calatI rhii| Apa rAjamAnya kavi the| ye aneka viSayoM ke jJAtA, vahu bhASAvid, evaM samartha vidvAna the| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi bhASAoM meM bhI inakI uccakoTi kI racanAeM milatI haiN| kavi kI adhikAMza hindI kRtiyAM ( rAjasthAnI, DiMgala, piMgala kRtiyAM) prakAzita ko cukI hai| 6 DiMgala-gIta apanI 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 333 2 rjana gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR. 339 3 "zroNika caupAI", jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1312 4 rAjasthAnI, varSa 2, aMka 2, bhAdrapada 1663, zrI nAhaTAjI kA lekha 5 zanizcira vikrama copaI, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 341 6 dharmavardhana prathAvalI saMpAdaka zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, sA0 rA0ri0 i0, bIkAnera /

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jaina gurjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA 136 varNana zailI evaM apanI svataMtra chanda racanA ke kAraNa bhAratIya sAhitya meM apanA viziSTa sthAna prApta kiye hue haiM / isa vizAla DiMgala gIta - sampati ke vikAsa meM mAtra cAraNoM kA hI yogadAna rahA ho| aisI vAta nahIM, anya vargoM ke kaviyoM ne bhI pUrA yogadAna diyA hai / kavi dharmavarddhana ke bhI DiMgala gIta apane artha- gAMbhIrya ke kAraNa apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiM / ina gItoM meM viSaya vaividhya hai / mAtra yuddhavarNana yA viradagAna taka hI sImita nahIM, inameM devastuti, prakRtivarNana nirveda evaM rASTrIyatA Adi kA bhI samyaka nidarzana huA hai / aise gItoM meM prAsAdikatA kavi kI apanI vizeSatA hai / kavi kI choTI-bar3I kucha milAkara 265 racanAeM ' dharmavardhana graMthAvalI" meM meM prakAzita hai' / inakI aneka hastalikhita pratiyAM bhI gujarAta tathA rAjasthAna ke aneka zAstrabhaNDAroM meM surakSita haiM / kavi dvArA praNIta dharma vAvanI, kuNDaliyA vAvanI, chappaya bAvanI Adi vAvaniyAM nIti, upadeza evaM sarala saMtocita asAmpradAyika abhivyakti kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kI haiN| dharma vAvanI se eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai " cAhata aneka citta, pAle nahIM pUrI prIta; kete hI kareM hai mIta, sodoM jaise hATa ko / chori jagadIsa deva, sArai ora hI kI sevu ; eka Thora nA rahe, jyu mogala - kapATa ko // 27 // " kavi ko "cauvIsI" racanA meM unake hRdaya kI agAdha bhakti dhArA phUTa par3I | prabhu kI vandanA karane se samasta pApa dUra ho jAte haiM"nAbhi nArada ko nandana namatAM, dUrita dazA sava dUrI dalI rI / prabhu guNa gAna pAna amRta ko, bhagati susAkara mAMhi milI rI / " usI taraha "covIsa jina savaiyA", "vArahamAsA"; "opadezika pada" Adi kI bhAva sampatti bhI vizeSa mahattva rakhatI hai / isa racanAoM meM bhakti, vairAgya, abhivyakti hai / kavi ke aupadezika nivaddha saMgIta zAstra ke anukUla hai / upadeza, virahAnubhUti Adi kI sarala pada evaM muktaka stavana aneka rAga rAginiyoM meM rAga gaur3I meM racita eka pada dRSTavya hai / "kalu kahI jAta nahIM gati mana kI / pala pala hota nai nai paraNati, ghaTanA saMdhyA dhana kI //

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agama athama maga tu avagAhata, pavana ke dhaja pravahaNa kii| vidhi vidhi vaMdha kitehI bAMdhata, jyu khalatA khala janakI / / kabahu vikasata phuni kamalAvata, upamA hai upavana kii| kahai dharmasiMha inheM vaza kInhe, tisanA nahIM tana dhana kI / / 3 / / " lokagItoM ke kSetra meM bhI kavi ne stutya kArya kiyA hai| kavi kI kucha AdhAra bhUta ghUnoM kI AdyapaMktiyAM lokapriya aura pracalita ho gaI haiN| kavi ne citrakAvya aura samasyapUrti kAvya bhI likhe haiN| inameM prasaMgIdbhAvanA evaM kalpanAzakti ke darzana hote haiM / kavi dharmavardhana ne tatkAlIna pracalita prAyaH sabhI kAvya zailiyoM apanAyA hai| kavi kA vyaktitva saddharma-pracAraka, bhakta, sarala upadezaka, samartha vidvAna eva sarasa kavi ke rUpa meM apanI kRtiyoM meM prativimbita hai / AnaMdavardhana : ( saM0 1702 - 1712) ye kharataragacchIya mahimAMsAgara ke zipya the| inake janma, dIkSA, vihArAdi kI jAnakArI upalabdha nhiiN| zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne inakI racita do kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1 prathama racanA "arhannaka rAsa" ( saM0 1702 ) gujarAtI meM tathA dUsarI racanA "cauvIsI" (saM0 1712 ) gujarAtI mizrita dinhI kI racanA hai / zrI nAhaTA kI ne inakI rAjasthAnI kRtiyoM meM inake atirikta "antarIka stavana", "vimalagirI stavana", "kalyANa madira dhra pada" aura "bhaktAmara savaiyA" Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai / 2 isase siddha haiM kavi kArAjasthAna tathA gujarAta se ghaniSTa saMbaMdha rahA hai / unakI hindI-rAsthAnI racanAoM para gujarAtI kA atyadhika prabhAva dekhate hue saMbhava haiM inakA janma gujarAta meM hI kahIM huA ho| inakA gujarAtI meM racA huA "aMtarikSa pArzvanAtha stavana" prApta hai| 3 vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM meM nivaMddha inakI "cauvIsI" 4 eka bar3I hI sundara racanA hai| bhakti, vairAgya aura upadeza viSayaka kavi kI yaha racanA kAvya kalA kI dRSTi se bhI uttama bana par3I hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiye "mere jIva meM lAgI Asa kI, to palaka na choDu pAsa re| jyu jAno tyu rAkhIye, tere carana kA haM dAsa re // 1 // 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 124 tathA pR0 146 2 paramparA, rAlasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla, zrInAhaTAjI, pR0 106-7 3 zrI jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno bhAga 1, pR072, sUrata se prakAzita / 4 vahI, kucha stavana prakAzita, pR0 66-73

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jaina gurjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA kyuM kaho koI loka divAne, mere dile eka tAra re ; merI aMtaragati tu hI jAnata, ora na jAnana hAra re // 2 // " vairAgya aura upadeza kI saMta-vANI bhI utanA hI prabhAvotpAdaka ho uThI hai, - -- " yovana pAhunA jAta na lAgata vAra / caMcala yovana thira nahI re, jyAnyo nemi jinA // 1 // 141 4 // " duniyA raMga pataMgasI re, bAdala se sajanA ; e saMsAra asArA hI re, jAgata ko supanA // cauvIsI kI racanA saM0 1712 meM huI / 1 isakI eka prati nAhaTA saMgraha se prApta hai / kavi kI anya racanAoM meM 'antarIka stavana', 'kalyANa mandira dhrupada, 'bhaktAbhara mavaiyA' Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / prAyaH ina kRtiyoM kA viSaya prabhubhakti hai / 'bhaktAbhara savaiyA' se eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai "sa~ akule kula maccha jahAM garaje dariyA ati bhIma mayI hai, o vaDavAnala jA julamAna jalai jala meM jala pAna kyo hai / lola utaMrAkalolani kai para vari jihAja ucchari dayo hai, aise tuphAna meM tauhi japai taji meM sukha sau zivadhAna layo hai ||40|l" inakI bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hai / kavi pratibhA sampana jAna par3ate haiM / kezarakuzala : ( saM0 1706 AsapAsa ) ye tapagacchIya vIrakuzala ke ziSya saubhAgya kuzala ke ziSya the / 2 inakA vizeSa itivRta jJAta nahI hai sAMtalapura meM racita inakI eka 26 padya kI aitihAsika gujarAtI kRti 'jagaDu prabaMdha caupAI" prApta hai, jisakI racanA samvat 1706 zrAvaNa mAsa meM huI thI / 3 hindI meM racita inakI eka kRti 'vIsI' 4 prApta hai / yaha tIrthakaroM kI stuti meM racI gaI hai / stavana sarala evaM bhAvavAhI hai / eka udAharaNa avalokanIya hai"sImaMdhara jinarAja suhaMkara, lAgA tumasu nehAvo / salUne sAMi dila so darasana deha // 1 jaina gaeNrja ra kaviyo, bhAga 2, pR0 146 2 'jagaDa pravandha caupAI' jana gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 174 3 'jagaDu pravandha copaI, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 174 4 jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2. pR0 1206

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142 paricaya-caMDa tuma hIM hamAre manake mohana, pyAre parama sanehA vo / 1 salUne" kRti sundara evaM sarasa hai / bhASA gujarAtI prabhAvita khar3I bolI hai / hemasAgara : (saM0 1706 AsapAsa) Apa aMcalagacchIya kalyANasAgarasUri ke ziSya the / 1 inakA vizeSa itivRtta ajJAta hai / inakI eka hindI kRti 'chaMdamAlikA' sUrata ke samIpa haMsapura (gujarAta) meM racita prApta hai / 2 isameM atyadhika gujarAtI prayogoM ko dekhate hue kavi ke gujarAtI hone kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / 'chandamAlikA' eka chanda graMtha hai, jisameM 164 padya haiM / isakI racanA saMvat 1706 bhAdrapada vadI 9 ko huI thI / 3 kaI bhaNDAroM meM isakI pratiyAM surakSita haiM / bhASA zailI kI dRSTi se eka udAharaNa paryApta hogA "alasa lakhyau kAhuna pareM, sava vidhi karana pravIna / hema sumati vaMdita carana, ghaTa ghaTa aMtara lIna // 1 // " vRddhi vijayajI : (saM0 1712 - 30 ) tIna vRddhi vijaya ho gaye haiM / prathama tapagacchIya vijayarAjasUri kI paraMparA meM ratnavijaya aura satyavijaya ke ziSya the / dUsare tapagaccha ke vijayaprabhasUri ke samaya meM zrI lAbhavijaya ke ziSya the aura tIsare 16 vIM zatAbdI meM 'citrasena padmAvatI rAsa' ke kartA vRddhivijaya ho gaye haiM / vivakSita vRddhivijaya prathama ratna vijaya aura satya vijaya ke ziSya haiM / inake janma, mRtyu, vihArAdi ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / inakI 4 gujarAtI racanAe~ prApta haiM // 4 cauvIsI gujarAtI mizrita hindI kI racanA hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1730 meM auraMgAvAda meM huI / 5 isameM kavi kI bhakti evaM vairAgya dazA kI sarala abhivyakti hai / kavi kisa vyagratA evaM AturatA se prabhu ko darzana dene kI vinatI karatA hai"zAMti jiNesara sAhido re, vasiyo mana mAM AI, vIsAyo navi vIsaraI re, jo varisAM so thAI // 1 // 1. chaMdamAlikA, rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 hai / 2. vahI / 3. chaMdamAlikA, rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 e 4. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1200 tathA bhAga 2, pR0 150-52 / 5. jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, pR0 147, sUrata se prakAzita |

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA rAta divasa sUtAM jAgatAM re, dilathI dUra na hoya; aMtara jAmI ApaNo re, tilaka samo tihuM loya // 2 // " loka-gItoM kI vibhinna deziyoM meM Dhale cauvIsI ke stavana atIva sundara evaM marmasparzI hai / jinaharSa : (saM0 1713 - 1738) 143 jinaharSa kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinacandrasUri kI paramparA meM muni zAMtiharSa ke ziSya the / 1 kavi jinaha ke viSaya meM koI prAmANika jAnakArI nahIM milatI / apanI 'jasavAvanI', 'dohAmAtRkA bAvanI', bArahamAsAdvaya tathA dohoM meM inhoMne apanA nAma 'jasA' yA 'jasarAja' diyA hai / saMbhavataH yaha unakA gRhasthAvasthA kA nAma ho / inakI sarvaprathama racanA 'candana malayAgiri copAI' (samvat 1704 meM racita ) prApta hotI hai jisake AdhAra para agaracanda nAhaTA ne 'jinaharSagraMthAvalI' meM samvat 1685 ke lagabhaga inake janma lene kA anumAna kiyA hai aura dIkSA saM0 1675 se 1666 meM lene kA anumAna lagAyA hai| nAhaTA jI inheM mAravAr3a meM janmA mAnate hai |2 aura nAthUrAma premI inheM pATaNa kA nivAsI batAte hai | 3 racanAoM ke sthAnoM para dhyAna dene se itanA to avazya siddha hotA hai ki jinaharSa jI, cAhe kahI bhI paidA hue hoM, gujarAta va rAjasthAna donoM se atyadhika sambaddha the / sabhI kRtiyoM ke pIche kavi kA pramukha lakSya jana kalyANa pratIta hotA hai / isIlie inhoMne apanI racanAe~ lokabhASA meM kI hai / ina kRtiyoM kI eka lambI sUcI 'jinaharSa graMthAvalI' meM dI gaI hai / yahA~ kucha pramukha racanAoM ke AdhAra para kavi ke sAhityika vyaktitva ko dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai / " nanda vahottarI -- virocana mehatA vArtA " - saMvat 1714 meM racita isa racanA meM rAjAnanda tathA maMtrI virocana kI rasaprada kathA dI gaI hai / isa dUhAbandha vArtA meM kula 72 dohe hai, bhASA rAjasthAnI hindI hai "sUravIra AraNa aTala, aniyaNa kaMda nikaMda / rAjata haiM rAjA tahAM, nandarAI Ananda ||2|| " saMvat 1738 phAlguna vadI 7 guruvAra ke dina racita 'jasarAja bAvanI' kavi kI dUsarI pramukha racanA hai / 4 isa graMtha meM 57 savaie hai / isa kRti kA Arambha hI nirguNiyoM kI bhA~ti kiyA hai 1. jaina gurjara kavio, khaNDa 2, bhAga 3, pR0 1170 / 2. jina graMthAvalI, pR0 26 // 3. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 71 / 4. rAjasthAna ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhA0 4, pR0 85 /

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paricaya khaMDa "UkAra apAra jAta AdhAra, sarva nara nArI saMsAra jape hai| bAvana akSara mAhiM dhurakSara, jyoti pradyotana kori tape hai / siddha niraMjana bhekha alekha sarUpa na rUpa jogendra thape hai| aiso mahAtasa hai UkAra ko, pApa jasA jAke nAma khape hai // 1 // " "kSIra susIma muMDAvata haiM kei lamba jaTA sira kei rahAvaM" ke dvArA kavi vAhyADambara kA virodha karatA hai aura anta hai meM 'gyAna binA zipa paMtha na pAvai" kaha kara jJAna kI pratiSThA karatA hai| ____saMgItAtmaka geya padoM meM racita kavi kI tIsarI prasiddha racanA hai 'cauvIsI isameM tIrthakaroM kI stuti gAI gaI hai| ina stutiyoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ke bhakta hRdaya ke darzana hue binA nahIM rahate-- "sAhiba morA ho aba to mAhira karo, Arati merI dUri kro| khAnA jAda gulAma jANi kai. mujha Upari hita prIti dharI // Adi " samvat 1713 meM racita 'upadeza chattIsI' 1 meM 36 padya saMkalita haiM / anya bhakti kAvyoM kI bhAMti hI isameM bhI saMsAra kI mAyA moha Adi ko chor3a kara bhagavAna ( jitendra ) ke caraNakamaloM meM samarpita hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / samvat 1730 ApAr3ha zukla 6 ko racita 'dohA mAtRkA bAvanI' meM jIvanopayogI saddharma kI abhivyakti huI hai _ 'mana teM mamatA dUri kara samatA ghara cita mAMhi / ramatA rAma pichANa ke, zivapura lahai kyu nAhiM / / ' kavi jinaharpa ne neminAtha aura rAjamatI kI prasiddha kathA lekara do bArahamAsoM kI racanA kI hai--(1) nemivArahamAsA, 1 tathA (2) nemi-rAjamatI bArahamAsa savaiyA / 2 ina bAraramAsoM meM prema aura viraha kA bar3A hI mArmikaM citraNa huA hai / inakI anya pramukha racanAoM meM 'siddhacakra stadana', 'pArzvanAtha nIsANI, 'RSidatA caupaI', tathA 'maMgala gIta' mahatvapUrNa haiN| inameM kramazaH siddhacakra kI bhakti, pArzvanAtha kI stuti, mahArAjA zrINika kA caritra, muni Adi kI stutiyAM tathA arihaMto, siddhoM Adi kI stutiyAM nivaddha haiM / kavi kI bhASA prasAdaguNa sampanna, parimArjita evaM sulalita hai| mAdhurya aura rasAtmakatA inakI bhASA ke vizeza guNa haiN| kavi dvArA prayukta braja bhASA to aura bhI 1 vahI, pR0 101 2 jana gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2. pR0 1171 3 jinadarSa grathAvalI pa0 200-222 ...

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jaina gUrjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA 145 madhura aura sajIva hai| sAhityakatA kahIM skhalita nahIM hone pAI hai| 'rAsa' saMjaka kAvyoM ke sAtha kavi ne aneka kAvyAtmaka zailiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| devIvijaya : (saM0 1713 - 1760 ) ye tapagacchIya vijayasiMhari ke praziSya the| inake guru kA nAma udayavijaya thaa| 1 inakI gujarAtI kRti 'vijayadevasUrinirvANa' eka aitihAsika kRti hai, jo saM0 1713 khaMbhAta meM racI gaI thii| zrI desAI ne inakI eka aura gujarAtI kRti 'campaka rAsa' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisakI racanA sambat 1734 zrAvaNa sudI 13 ko ghANerAva meM huI / 2 inake viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nhiiN| hindI meM racita inakI eka kRti 'bhaktAmara stotra rAgamAlA kAvya' prApta hai, jo vibhinna rAgoM meM saM0 1730 pausa sudI 13 ke dina vinirmita huI / 3 isameM 44 padya hai / ava yaha bhImasI mANeka, vambaI dvArA prakAzita bhI hai / prArambha me kavi jina vaMdanA karatA huA kahatA hai"bhakta amara gana praNata mugaTa maNi, ullasata prabhAeM na tAkU dUti deta he| bha0 1 pApa timira hare sakRta saMcaya kareM, jinapada jUgavara, nIke pranametu hai / bha0 2" bhaTTAraka zubhacanda (dvitIya) : (saM0 1721 - 1745 ) 'zubhacandra' nAma ke pAMca bhaTThAraka hue hai / inameM se '4 zubhacandra' kA ullekha "maTTAraka saMpradAya" me huA hai / 4 inameM se vijayakIrti ke ziSya bha0 zubhacandra kA paricaya diyA jA cukA hai| vivakSita pAMcaveM zubhacandra, bha0 ratnakIrti ke praziSya evaM bha0 abhayacandra ke ziSya the, jinakA 'bhaTA0 abhayacandra' ke pazcAt mambat 1721 kI jyeSTha sudI pratipadA ko pobandara meM eka vizeSa utsava kA Ayojana kara, bhaTThAraka gAdI para abhiSeka kiyA gayA / 5 1 zrI vijayasiMha sUrIsara kerA, sIsa anopama kahIijI, udayavijaya uvajhAya ziromaNi, buddhi suraguru lahIijI / -vijayadevasUri, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1324 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 346 3 vahI, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1324 4 maTThAraka sampradAya, pR0 306 : 'rAjasthAna ke jena sata - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva' Da0 kasturacanda kAsalIvAna pR0 161

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146 ] paricaya-khaMDa pUrNa yuvA "zubhacandra" ne bhaTTAraka banate hI samAja ke anAnAndhakAra ko dUra karane kA tathA gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna sthaloM meM vihAra-bhramaNa kara apane pravacanoM dvArA jana sAdhAraNa ke naitika, sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya vikAsa kA apanA jIvana lakSya nirdhArita kiyaa| unheM isa kSetra meM kAphI saphalatA milii| inhoMne sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika kAryoM meM vizeSa ruci dikhAI / 'zubhacaMdra' kA janma gujarAta ke 'jalasena' nagara meM huA thA / 1 yaha sthAna usa samaya jaina-samAja kA pramukha kendra thaa| inake pitA kA nAma 'hIrA' tathA mAtA kA nAma 'mANakade' thaa| inake bacapana kA nAma 'navalarAma' thaa| 'bAlaka navalarAma' vyutpanna-mati the-ataH alpAyu meM hI unhoMne vyAkaraNa, nyAya, purANa, chandazAstra aSTasahastrI tathA cAroM vedoM meM nipuNatA prApta kara lI thI / 2 bhaTTAraka abhayacaMdra se ye atyadhika prabhAvita hue aura Ajanma sAdhu-jIvana svIkAra kara liyaa| __zrIpAla, vidyAsAgara, jayasAgara Adi inake pramukha ziSya the| inhoMne zubhacaMdra kI prazaMsA meM aneka gIta likhe haiN| zrIpAla racita aise aneka gIta va pada prApta hai, jo sAhityika evaM aitihAsika mahatva rakhate haiM / bhaTTAraka zubhacaMdra saMvat 1745 taka bhaTTAraka pada para bane rahe / tadanantara 'ratnacaMdra' ko isa bhaTTAraka pada para abhiSikta kiyA gyaa| ina 24-25 varSoM meM vahata saMbhava hai, inhoMne acchI kRtiyAM kI ho, para abhI taka inakI koI bar3I kRti dekhane meM nahIM aaii| inakA pada-sAhitya upalabdha haiM, jinameM inakI sAhityAbhiruci kA-pramANa mila jAtA hai| ina padoM meM kavi ke hRdaya kI mArmika bhAvAbhivyakti huI hai| bha0 zubhacaMdra bhI 'nemirAjula' ke prasaMga se atyadhika prabhAvita rahe-yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjula kI virahAnubhUti evaM milana kI utkaMThA hRdaya kA bAMdha tor3akara ina zabdoM meM vyakta huI hai-- "kauna sakhI sudha lyAve zyAma kii| madhurI dhunI mukhacaMda virAjita, rAjamati guNa gAve ||shyaam||1|| aMga vibhUSaNa manImaya mere, manohara mAnanI paave| karo kachU taMta maMta merI sajanI, mohi prANanAtha mIlAve ||shyaam||2||" 1. 'rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva' DaoN0 kastUracaMdra kAsalIvAla, pR0 162 / 2. vyAkarNa tarka vitarka anopama, purANa piMgala bheda / apTasahastrI Adi graMtha aneka juchoM vida jANo veda re / / --zrIpAla racita eka gIta /

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147 jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA maTTAraka zubhacaMdra ke padoM meM bhaktirasa pradhAna hai| bhAva, bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se padoM meM sAhityikatA hai| devendrakIti ziSya : (saM0 1722 AsapAsa) Apa bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kI paramparA meM padmanaMdi ke zipya devendrakIti ke koI giSya the / 1 inakA vizeSa jIvanavRtta jJAta nahIM / bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti kA sUrata tarapha kI bhaTTAraka gaddiyoM se vizeSa saMbaMdha rahA / 2 saMvat 1722 meM racita inakA eka-eka gujarAtI graMtha 'pradyumna prabaMdha' bhI prApta hai / 3 'AdityavAra kathA' inakI hindI kRti hai saMvat 1868 kI likhita AgarA bhaNDAra kI prati meM 60 padya haiN| yaha kRti sAdhAraNataH acchI haiM / udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyAM draSTavya haiM "ravi vrata teja pratApa gai lacchi phiri Ai, kRpA karI dharanendra aura padmAvati aai| jahAM gaye tahAM riddhi siddhi saba Thaura jupAi, mila kuTamba parivAra bhale sajjana manabhAi // " lakSmIvallabha : (18 vIM zatAbdI kA dUsarA pAda) ye kharataragacchIya zAkhA ke upAdhyAya lakSmIkIrti ke ziSya the|4 'amarakumAra caritra rAsa' meM lakSmIkIrti ke lie 'vANArasI lakhamI-kirati gaNI' likhA gayA hai / 5 isase sapTa hai ki ve banArasa ke nivAsI the| vidvattA ke kSetra meM inakI khyAti apUrva rahI hogii| inhI guru ke caraNoM meM lakSmIvallabha ne apanI zikSA-dIkSA Arambha kI thii| inheM rAjakavi kA bhI viruda prApta thA / 6 inakA janma nAma hemarAja thaa| inake janma, dIkSA kAla, tathA svargavAsa Adi kI jAnakArI prApta nahI hotii| gujarAtI kI inakI vipula sAhitya sarjanA tathA inakI hindI racanAoM para gujarAtI kA adhika prabhAva dekhate hue inheM jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM meM nissaMdeha sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai| unakA hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura saMskRta cAroM bhASAoM para 1. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1066-67 / 2. DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, pR0 113 / 3. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1066 / 4. rattahAsa caupaI, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1246 / 5. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1247 / 6. jaina gUrjara mAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, sUrata, pR0 268 /

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148 paricaya khaTa samAnAdhikAra thA / saMskRta meM vinirmita unake sAhitya se siddha hai ki ve uccakoTi ke vidvAna tathA kavi the| 'kalpasUtra' aura 'uttarAdhyayana' kI kRtiyAM likhane vAlA koI sAdhAraNa vidvAna nahIM ho sktaa| kavi kI hindI racanAoM para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hai| bhASA parimArjita saMskRta-tatsama zabda bahulA hai| gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI meM inake kaI rAna stavanAdi prApta haiM / inakI hindI racanAeM nimna haiM(1) cauvIsI, 25 pada, (7) nemirAjula bArahamAsA (2) mahAvIra gautama svAmI chanda 66 padya (6) navatatva caupAI (3) dohA bAvanI (8) upadeza vatInI (4) kAvyajJAna-padyAnuvAda (10) cetana vattInI (5) sarvayA vAvanI (11) dezAntarI chanda, tathA (6) bhAvanA vilAsa (12) adhyAtma phAga / inake atirikta rAjavAvanI saM0 1768, jinastavana 24 savaiyA tathA kucha phuTakara padyAdi prApta hai jisakA ullekha 'hindI sAhitya' (dvitIya gbaMDa ) meM huA hai| 1 zrI nAhaTAjI ne bhI isa kavikI aneka kRtiyAM ginAI haiN| yayA 'abhyaMkara zrImatI caupaI,' 'ratnahAsa caupaI,' 'amarakumAra rAsa,' 'vikramapaMcadaMDa caupar3a,' 'rAtribhojana caupaI,' 'kavitva vAvanI,' 'chappaya bAvanI,' 'bharatabAhubalI miDAla chanda, kuNDaliyA, 'zrI jinakuzalasUrichaMda,' 'bIkAnera covIsaThA-stavana,' zataka vyaThabA aura stavanAdi phuTakara kRtiryA aadi| zrI mohanalAla dalicanda desAI ne isa kavi kI choTI bar3I kula milAkara karIba 20 kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 2 hindI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura saMskRta kI isa vipula mAhitya sarjanA ko dekhate hue lagatA hai kavi asAdhAraNa pratibhA sampanna rahA hogaa| yahAM inako pramukha racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA diyA hai / 'cauvIsI' meM cauvIsa tIrthakaroM kI bhakti se sambandhita stavana saMgRhIta haiM / kula padya saMkhyA 25 hai| isakI do pratiyAM abhaya jaina pustakAlaya, bIkAnera meM haiN| rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 4 meM bhI ina donoM pratiyoM kA ullekha hai| 3 donoM pratiyoM meM cAra-cAra panne haiN| padoM kI racanA vibhinna 1 hindI sAhitya, dvitIya khaMDa, saMpA0 dhIrendra varmA pR0 486 . 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa, 2 pR0 1246-55 3 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 5, pR0 22-23

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jaina -gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 146 rAga-rAginiyoM meM kI gaI hai| yaha kavi kA eka uttama muktaka kAvya hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya haiM "kite dina prabhu samarana vinu e| paraniMdA maiM parI rasanA viSayA rasa mana moe // 1 // macchara mAyA paMka me apane, duralabha jJAnasu goe / kAla anAdi asaMkhya niraMtara moha nIMda meM soe // 2 // " isa kRti meM bhakta hRdaya kI nizchala bhAva-dhArA ke sAtha upadeza bhI bar3e hI sundara, sarala, hRdayagrAhI evaM marmasparzI bana par3e haiN| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se kavi kI yaha kRti uttama kAvya kRtiyoM meM sthAna pAne yogya hai| ___'mahAvIra gautama svAmI chaMda' meM kula milAkara 66 padya haiN| sabhI padya bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake pramukha gaNadhara gautama kI bhakti se sambandhita haiM / isakI racanA saMvat 1741 se pUrva hI ho gaI thii| inakI do hastalikhita pratiyAM abhaya jaina pustakAlaya, bIkAnera meM surakSita haiN| 'dohA vAvanI' kI do pratiyAM abhaya jaina pustakAlaya, bIkAnera meM vidyamAna haiN| pahalI prati hIrAnanda muMni kI saMvat 1741 pausa sudI 1 kI likhI huI hai tathA dUsarI bhuvanavigAlagaNi ke ziSya. phaharacanda kI saMvat 1821 Azvina vadI 7 kI likhI huI hai / 1 isameM kula 58 dohe saMgRhIta haiM / udAharaNArtha eka dohA dekhie "dohA vAvanI karI, Atama parahita kAja / paDhata guNata vAcata likhata, nara hovata kavirAja / / 58 / / " 'kAlajJAna prabaMdha' (padyAnuvAda) kavi kA vaidyaka graMtha hai| isakI racanA saM0 1741 bhAdrApada zukla 15 guruvAra ko huI / 2 isameM kula 178 padya haiM / 'savaiyA vAvanI' meM 58 savaiyA haiN| isakI racanA saMvat 1738 mAgasara sudI 6 ko huI thii| 3 ____ 'bhAvanA vilAsa' meM jainadharma kI bAraha bhAvanAoM kA bar3A hI Akarpaka varNana huA hai| isameM 52 padya haiN| savaiyA chanda kA prayoga huA hai| racanA atyadhika rocaka bana par3I hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1727 pauSa vadI 10 ko haI thii|4 1 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 4, pR0 86 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1251-52 . 3 vahI, pR0 1246-50 4 vahI, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1248 (a) (ba) rAjayasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja. bhAga 4, pR0 152

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- paricaya khaMDa isakI eka prati abhaya pustakAlaya, bIkAnera meM hai / ise muni harpasamudra ne nApAsara meM saM0 1741 Aso vadI 14 ko likhA thaa| 1 isake prArambhika sarvaye kI kucha paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM"praNami caraNayuga pAsa jinarAja jU ke, vidhina ke cUraNa haiM pUraNa hai Asa ke| diDha dila mAjhi dhyAna dhari zruta devatA ko, sevaita saMpUrata hai manoratha dAsa ke // " 'navatatva caupAIM kA nirmANa saM0 1747 vaizAkha vadI 13 guruvAra ko hIsAra meM huA thA / 2 isameM 82 padya haiM / isameM sarala upadeza aura bhakti kavi kA mukhya viSaya hai / isakI do pratiyoM kA ullekha zrI mohanalAla dalicaMda desAI ne kiyA hai, ve kramaza: saM0 1760 aura 1806 kI likhI huI haiM 3 isakI eka prati abhaya jaina pustakAlaya meM surakSita hai| 'upadeza vattIsI' meM 32 padya hai / 4 bhakti, adhyAtma aura upadeza se saMbaMdhita yaha racanA hai / kavi ne AtmA ko saMbodhita kara use saMsAra ke mAyA-moha ke vikRta patha se vilaga rahane kA upadeza diyA hai| eka udAharaNa dekhie "Atama rAma sayANe tUM jhUThe bharama bhulAnA kisake mAI kisake bhAI, kisake loka lugAI jI, tUna kisI kA ko nahIM terA, Apo Apa sahAI // 1 // " 'cetana battIsI' bhI 32 padya hai| isakA nirmANa saMvat 1736 meM huA thaa| 5 isameM saMsAra kI mAyA, mRgatRSNA evaM bhramaNA meM bhaTakI cetanAtmA ko sAva' dhAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / eka padya dRSTavya hai "cetana ceta re avasara mata cUke. sIkha supetUsAcI! - . - gAphila huI jo dAva gamAyo. to karasi bAjI sahu kAcI // 1 // " dezAntarI chanda' - kRti bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI bhakti se sambandhita hai| isameM padya 36 hai / yaha racanA 'tribhaMgI' chaMda meM racita hai| isakI eka prati pATaNa jJAna bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| 1 vahI, pR0 152 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1252 3 vahI, pR0 1253 4 vahI, pR0 1250 5. catana vattIsI, jana gUrjara kavio, mAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1250 -

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM ko hindI kavitA 1.51 'adhyAtmaka phAga' kAvya kI racanA saM0 1725 ke AsapAsa huI / 1 isakI eka panne kI hastalikhita prati bar3audA ke jaina jJAna mandira ke pravartaka zrI kAnti vijayajI mahArAja ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / yaha laghu kRti mahArAjA mayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlaya, bar3audA ke prAcIna gurjara granthamAlA, anya 3 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha ' prakAzita hai / isameM kula 13 padya haiM |2 yaha eka sundara rUpaka kAvya hai / jaba zarIra rUpI vRndAvana -kunja meM jJAna - basaMta pragaTa hotA hai taba vuddhi rUpI gopI ke sAtha paMca gopoM kA (indriyoM) milana hotA hai / sumati rAvA ke sAtha Atama hari holI khelate haiM ! prasaMga bar3A hI ramaNIya hai / dekhie - "Atama hari horI kheliye ho, aho mere lalanAM sumati rAdhAjU ke saMgi suma surataru kI maMjarI hau, laMI manu rAjA rAma, aba kaMu phAga ati prema kau ho, saphala koje mali syAma | Atama 0 2 kavi para vedAnta aura yoga kI asara bhI dikhAI detI hai vajI surata kI vAMsurI ho, uThe anAhata nAda, tIna loka mohana bhae ho, miTa gae daMda vipAda || Atama0 7" - lakSmIvallabha upAdhyAya kI racanAe~ saM0 1714 se 1747 taka kI racita prApta hai / ataH unake sAhitya kA nirmANakAla aThArahavIM zatI kA dUsarA pAda hI mAnA jA makatA hai / niHsaMdeha lakSmIvallabha isa zatI ke uttama kaviyoM meM eka hai / zrI nyAya sAgarajI : (saM0 1728 - 1767) ye tapagaccha kI sASagara zAkhA meM hue the / mAravAr3a ke minnAla ( marudhara ) gAMva meM omavAla jAti ke zAha moTA aura rUpA ke yahA~ inakA janma saMvat 1728 zrAvaNa zukla 8 ko huA thA / 3 inakA nAma nemidAsa thA / zrI uttama sAgara muni ke pAsa dIkSA lI thI kezarayAjI tIrtha meM digambara narendrakIrti ke sAtha vAda-vivAda meM vijaya prApta kI / saMvat 1767 meM ahamadAvAda kI luhAra kI pola meM inakA svargavAsa huA |4 inakI guru paraMparA isa prakAra batAI gaI hai- dharmasAgara, vimalasAgara, padmasAgara, uttamasAgara, nyAyasAgara 15 1 1. dekhie - prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, saMpA0 DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, pR0 43 / 2. prakAzita, prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, saMpA0 DaoN0 mogIlAla sAMDesarA, pR0 217-18 / 3. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 542 / 4. jaina aitihAsika gUrjara kAvya saMcaya 5. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 542

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paricaya saMTa inhoMne do cauvIsiyoM kI racanA kI hai| mApA bar3I hI sarala evaM sAdI hai| vibhinna rAga evaM degiyoM meM inake race stavana bhI milate haiN| inakA vihAra gujarAta meM adhika rhaa| inakI prApta 6 racanAeM bhI maruca, sUrata aura rAnera Adi sthAnoM meM racI gaI hai| ___ inakI cauvIsI1 aura vIsIra ke adhikAMza stavana hindI meM race haiM / ina stavanoM meM kavi kA bhakta hRdaya aMkita ho uThA hai| "sAhiba kaba mile sasanehI, pyArA ho, sAhiba kAyA kAmini jIuse nyArA, aisA karata vicArA ho / sA0 1 suna sAMi jaba Ana milAve, nava hama mohanagArA ho / sA02 meM to tumArI khijamatagArI, jhUTha nahiM je lArA ho / sA0 3" bhakta ke mana-mandira meM prabhu kA vAsa hai, aura kisI ke lie sthAna nhiiN| prabhu ke mukha-paMkaja para kavi kA mana-bhramara mugdha ho uThA hai "mo mana bhitara tuhi virAje aura na Ave dAya; tujha mukha-paMkaja mohiyo, mana mamara rahiyo lobhAya / sanehI sAhiba merA ve|" e bhakta-hRdaya kA dainya aura guNAnurAga apanI sarala evaM saMgItAtmaka zailI meM mukhara ho uThA hai| kavi saMgIta kA to gaharA abhyAsI lagatA hai| inhoMne 'mahAvIra rAga mAlA' kI racanA chattIsa rAgoM meM kI hai| cauvIsI ke stavana bar3e hI sarala, sarasa evaM bhAvavAhI bana par3e haiN| abhayakuzala : (saM0 1730 AsapAsa) __ ye kharataragaccha kI kIrtiratnasUri zAkhA ke lalitakIrti ke ziSya puNyaharpa ke ziSya the / 3 inakI eka gujarAtI kRti kA ullekha zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne kiyA hai, jisakI racanA mahAjana nagara meM saMvat 1730 meM huI thii|4 inake saMbaMdha meM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| inakI eka hindI racanA 'vivAha paTala bhASA' prApta hai, jisakI eka prati abhaya granthAlaya, bIkAnera meM surakSita hai| "vivAha paTala bhASA" kavi kI 56 padyoM meM racita eka hindI kRti hai| 1. prakAzita covIsI vIzI saMgraha, ANaMdajI kalyAnajI, pR0 144-171 / 2. vahI, pR0 738-748 / 3. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, bhAga 2, pR0 1265 / 4. vhii|

Page #155
jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hai| bhASA-zailI ke udAharaNa. ke ..lie eka padya draSTavya hai- ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . .: 'vivAha paTala graMtha che moTo, kahitAM kavahI nAve troTo .:. mUrakha loka samajhAvaNa sAru. e adhikAra kIyo hitakAra // 55 // ... : mAnamuni : ( sa0 1731-1736) ... . Apa navala RSi ke ziSya the| zeSa itivRtta ajJAta hai| ...: inakI racita 'saMyogabattIsI', 1 'jJAnarasa' 2, 'savaiyA mAna bAvanI' 3 Adi . kRtiyA~ prApta hai / inakI racanAoM para gujarAtI kA vizeSa prabhAva dekhate hue kavi / kA gujarAta se dIrghakAlIna saMbaMdha kA anumAna dRDha hotA hai| zrI mo0 80 desAI ne bhI inheM jana gUrjara kaviyoM meM sthAna diyA hai| .. -:-. 'jJAnarasa' kI racanA saM0 1736, varSARtu AnandamAsa meM huI thii| isa kRti meM 126 padya haiM / AdhyAtma aura vairAgya kA sarala upadeza kRti kA lakSya hai / bhASAzailI kI dRSTi se eka udAharaNa prastuta hai- ... ... ... .. .. - "anaMta tuha anahada, gyAna dhyAna maha gAveM : bhAta tAMDhI naha mAna, prabhu nAta jAta na pAveM / . . nAda vida viNaM nAma, rUpa raMga viNa rattA; . . Adi anaMnda nahIM aima dhyAna yogesara dhrtaa|" kezavadAsa : ( saM0 1736 - 1745 ) ...hindI ke suprasiddha kavi kezavadAsa. se ye jaina kavi. kezavadAsa bhinna haiM / Apa kharataragaccha kI jinabhadra zAkhA meM hue lAvaNyaratna ke ziSya the / 4 inakA vizeSa itivRtta jJAta nhiiN| . . . inakI gujarAtI kRti 'vIramANa udayamANa rAsa' ko dekhate hae tathA inakI hindI racanAoM meM gujarAta meM pracalita dezaja zabdoM ke prayoga ko dekhakara kavi kA gujarAta-nivAsI hone kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ... ... . . . . 'zItakAra ke savaiyA' tathA 'kezavadAsa bAvanI' inakI hindI racanAeM haiN| donoM hI kher3A ke bhaNDAra meM surakSita haiN| inakI 'bAvanI' adhika lokapriya evaM uttama 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 282 : . 2 vahI, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1280 / 3 nAMgarI pracAriNI patrikA, varSa 67, aGka 4 4 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 336 /

Page #156
154 paricaya-vaMDa racanA hai / isakI racanA saM0 1736 zrAvaNa sudI 5 maMgalavAra ko huI thii| ? isameM kula 60 padya haiM / kavi ne varNamAlA ke bAvana akSaroM prabhuguNa gAna kiyA hai / ise kavi kA saphala nItikAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| bhASA zailI ke udAharaNArtha kucha paMktiyAM dekhie--- 'dhyAna meM gyAna meM veda purANa meM kIrati jAkI sarva mana mAve; . kezavadAsa kuMdIjaI dolata bhAva sau sAhiba ke guNa gAvai / " asAmpradAyika bhAvoM tathA prabhAvapUrNa bhASA ke kAraNa yaha kavina savaiyA maya racanA bar3I sundara bana par3I hai| vinayavijaya : (saM0 1736 taka vartamAna ) Apa tapAgaccha ke zrI hIravijayasUri kI paramparA meM upAdhyAya zrI kItivijayajI ke ziSya the / kIrtivijaya jI vIramagAma ke rahane vAle the|2 / / gujarAta nivAsI jaina kavi vinayavijaya yazovijaya ke samakAlIna the| donoM sahAdhyAyI the- kAzI meM sAtha rahakara vidyAdhyayana kiyA thaa| 3 ye saMskRta, hindI aura gujarAtI ke prasiddha graMthakAra aura sukavi the| nyAya aura sAhitya meM inakI samAna gati thii| inakA eka 'nayakaNikA' nAmaka darzana graMtha aMgrejI TIkA sahita chapa cukA hai / upAdhyAya yazovijaya tathA Anandadhana ke samakAlIna sAhityapremI, Agama abhyAsI, samartha vidvAna tathA prasiddha 'kalpasUtra survAdhikA' ke kartA rUpa meM vinayavijaya ne saMskRta tathA gujarAtI meM vipula sAhitya kI racanA kii| isa mahopAdhyAya kA janma saM0 1660 - 65 ke AsapAsa anumAnita hai / 4 aura nidhana samvat 1738 vatAyA hai / 5 janma sthAna evaM prArambhika jIvana vRtta ke vizaya meM pUrI jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| inake pitA kA nAma tejapAla tathA mAtA kA nAma rAjazrI thaa| inakI dIkSA saM0 1680 ke AsapAsa huI thii| inakA 'zrIpAla rAsa' 6 atiprasiddha, lokapriya aura antima graMtha hai, jise 1 vahI, pR0 354 2 vahI, pR0 4 kI pAda TippaNI 3 jaina stotra sandoha, prathama bhAga muni caturavijaya saMpAdita, prastAvanA, pAda TippaNI, pR0 63 4 jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, sUrata, pR0 83 5 AnandaghanAM pado, motI gira0 kApaDIyA, AvR0 2, pR0 76 6 (a) rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 3, pR0 212 (ba) zrIpAla rAsa, prakA0 bhImazI mANeka

Page #157
jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 155 upA0 zrI yazovijaya ne pUrNa kiyA / tArkika ziromaNI, prakhara vidvAn yazovijayajI 'zrIpAla rAsa' ko pUrNa karate hue unakI prazasti meM likhate haiM 'sUri hIra gurunI bahu kIrti; kIrtivijaya UvajhAyAjI / ziSya tAru zrI vinaya vijayavara, nAcaka suguNa sohAyAjI // 7 // nidyA ninaya niveka nicakSaNa, lakSaNa lakSita dehAjI / mobhAgI gItAratha sAratha, saMgata sabara sanehA jI // 8 // ise 'navapada mahimA rAsa' bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isameM nava pada-ahaMtu siddha, AvArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu, darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa ina nava pada ke sevana se zrIpAla rAjA kitanI bar3I mahAnatA ko prApta karatA hai, isI kA varNana hai| vinayavijaya jI viracina ima rAma kI AraMbhika paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM dohA : "kalpaveli kaviyaNa taNI, sarasati karI supasAya, siddhacakra guNa gAvatAM, pUra manoratha mAya / 1 - aliyavidhana savi upazame, japatAM jina covIza, namatAM nijaguruna payakamala, jagamAM vaghe jagIza / 2" / bhASA gujarAtI mizrita rAjasthAnI lagatI hai| isa prakAra inhoMne vividha bhASAoM meM aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai aura prAya: sabhI upalabdha hai| kANI me rahane ke kAraNa unhoMne hindI meM bhI samucita yogyatA evaM bhASAdhikAra prApta kara liyA thaa| inake hindI padoM kA saMgraha 'vinaya-vilAsa'1 nAma se prakAzita ho gayA hai| isameM kula 37 pada saMgRhIta haiN| ina vairAgya viSayaka padoM meM AtmAnubhava kA sumadhura strota phUTa par3A hai| vinaya vijayajI ne kAzI meM rahakara aneka zAstroM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thA aura ye viH savat 1736 taka vidyamAna the| vistRta jIvana caritra ke lie 'zAMtasudhArama' bhAga 2 draSTavya hai| 'vinayavilAsa' eka viziSTa AtmAnubhUti mampanna vidvAna kI yaha kRti hai| inake prArambhika sAmpradAyika granthoM ko dekhane se isa bAta kI pratIti hotI hai ki kavi prArambha me jainamata kI ora pravRtta hue para Age calakara apanI 'bhASA' kI kavitA me antarmukhI ho gaye aura inakA saMkucita dRSTikoNa vistRta hokara samadarzI aura sarvadharma samanvayakArI ho gayA thaa| 1. prakA0 majjhAya pada saMgraha meM, bhImasI mANeka, bambaI /

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156 , paricaya-rayaMTa - saMtocita vANI meM kavi jIva kI mUDhatA kA yathArthadarzana karAtA huA kahatA hai "merI merI karata vAure, phire jIu akulAya / palaka eka meM bahuri na dekhe, jala-buda kI nyAya / / pyAre kAhe kU lalacAya // koTi vikalpa vyAdhi kI vedana, lahI zuddha lapaTAya / jJAna-kusuma kI seja na pAI, rahe laghAya aghAya // pyAre kAhe kU lalacAya // " siddhoM aura saMtoM kI yoga aura sAdhanA paddhati kA prabhAva bhI kavi para spaSTa lakSita hotA hai| parantu vinaya vijayajI meM bhakti aura vairAgya kA svara U~cA hai / prabhu kA prema pAne ke lie kavi jogI bananA pasaMda karatA he / nivipaya kI mudrA, mana kI mAlA, jJAna-dhyAna kI lAThI, prabhuguNa kI bhabhUta, gIla-saMtopa kI kaMthA, Adi dhAraNa kara viSayoM kI dhUNI jalAnA cAhatA hai "jogI aisA hoya pharu / / parama puruSa sUprIta karu, aura se prIta haru // 1 // nivipaya kI mudrA paharu, mAlA phirAU prabhugunakI // 2 // zIla saMtoSa kI kaMthA paharu, viSaya jalAU ghuunnii|| pAMcU caura paira kI pakarUM, to dila meM na hoya corI hUNI // 3 // " vinayavijaya jI ne upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ke mAtha kAzI meM saMskRta, nyAya tathA darzana ke sAtha saMgIta kA bhI apUrva jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| unakA pada sAhitya vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM meM nibaddha hai / kavi kI dRSTi bar3I vizAla aura antarmukhI rahI hai / vinayavijaya jI kI yaha 'vinaya vilAsa' kRti bhApA, gailI aura bhAva kI dRSTi se eka uttama kAvya kRti hai| zrImad devacandra : ( saM0 1746 - 1812) / mahAn adhyAtmata tatvavetA, yogI tathA jina-pratibhA ke athAga premI zrImad devacandra kA janma vi0 saM0 1746 meM bIkAnera ke nikaTavartI grAma 'caMga' meM hA thaa| 1 lUNIyA tulasIdAsajI kI patnI dhanavAI kI kokha se inakA janma huA thaa| yugapradhAna jinacaMdamUri kI paramparA ke paM0 dIpacanda ke ye zipya the / 2 1 jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, sUrata pR0 331 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1417

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 157 isa mahAn AdhyAtmika evaM tatvajJAnI kavi ke sambandha meM kaviyaNa kA likhA 'devavilAsa rAsa' prApta huA hai jisase kavi ke vipaya meM pUrI jAnakArI milatI hai / 1 uttamavijaya jI kRta 'zrI jinavijaya nirmANa rAma' tathA padmavijaya jI kRta 'zrI uttamavijaya nirvANa rAsa' Adi gujarAtI rAsa bhI prApta hai jinase zrImad devacandra jI se itivRtta para acchA prakAza par3atA hai / 2 ___ inakA janma nAma devacanda thaa| 10 varSa kI Ayu me samvat 1756. meM kharataragacchIya vAcaka rAjasAgara jI se inheM dIkSA dilAI gii| dIkSita nAma "rAjavimala' rakhA gayA, para yaha nAma adhika prasiddha me nahIM aayaa| inhoMne valoDA,gAMva ke ramya veNAtaTa bhUmi-graha meM sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA kara dIkSA guru rAjasAgara se zAstrAbhyAsa Arambha kiyaa| kucha hI samaya meM ye vyuttanna ho gaye / paDAvazka sUtra, naipadhAdi, paMcakAvya nATaka, jyotipa, koSa, kImudI, mahAbhApyAdi vyAkaraNa graMtha, piMgala, svarodaya; tatvArthasUtra, Avazyaka brahavRtti, zrI haribhadrasari, hemacandrAcArya aura yagovijaya jI ke graMtha, chakarmagraMtha Adi aneka graMthoM evaM zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA / , dravyAnuyoga meM inakI vizeSa ruci thii| 16 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI inhone sarvaprathama 'jAnArNava' kA rAjasthAnI padyAnuvAda 'dhyAna-catuSpadikAM' ke nAma se kiyaa| isakI prazasti me Apane ligvA hai "adhyAtma zraddhA na dhArI, jihAM base naranArI jI / para mithyA mata nA parihArI, svapara vivecana kArI jI / / 6 / / nijaguNa caracA tihAM thI karatA, mana anubhava meM baratA jii| syAdvAda nija guNa anusaratA~, nita adhiko sukha dharatA jI // 10 // " yaha gretha saM0 1766 meM mulatAna meM pUrNa huaa| taduparAMta samvan 1967 meM bIkAnera Akara hidandI gaMtha 'dravya prakAga' kI racanA kii| sa0 1776 me bharoTa meM 'AgamasAra' nAmaka jaina tattva ke mahattvapUrNa gadyagrauMtha kI racanA kii| * samvat 1777 meM inakA vihAra gujarAta kI ora huA / sarva prathama gujarAta meM jaina dharma kA kendra aura samRddhizAlI, pATaNa nagarI me inakA Agamana huA / tadanantara devacaMdajI sarvatra gujarAta meM vicaraNa karate rahe ataH inakI pichalI racanAoM me gujarAtI kI hI pradhAnatA hai| aba ye jIvanaparyanta gujarAta ke vividha nagara ahamadAbAda, khaMbhAta, mUrata, pAlItAnA, navAnagara, bhAvanagara, lIMbaDI, dhAMgadhrA Adi me vihAra karate rhe| ? jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 473 2 zrImad devacaMdra bhAga 1, adhyAtma jJAna maNDala, pAdarA, pR0 6 ... . . ... ......

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paricaya-khaMDa rAjanagara ke saMgha ne unheM vAcaka kI padavI do / samvat 1812 meM yahIM rAjanagara meM 66 varSa kI Ayu meM inakA svargamAsa huA / 168 inakI samasta racanAoM kA saMgraha 'zrImad devacandra' nAma se tIna bhAgoM meM meM adhyAtma prasAraka maMDala, pAdarA kI ora se prakAzita ho gayA hai / prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASAoM meM inake aneka graMtha milate haiN| cauvIsI, vIsI snAnapUjA Adi ke stavana evaM AgamasArAdi jaina samAja meM kAphI pracalita haiM / inake pada bhaktirasa tathA vairAgya bhAvanA se mare hue haiM / inakI cauvIsI tatvajJAna aura bhakti kA akhaNDa pravAha vana kara AtI hai | inakI samasta racanAoM meM adhyAtma samAna rUpa se pravahamAna hai / zrI mo0 da0 desAI ne choTe-bar3e kucha karIba 20 graMthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1 zrI maNIlAla mohanalAla pAdarAkara ne inakI upalabdha kRtiyoM kI saMkhyA 58 ginAI hai / 2 inakI hindI kRtiyoM meM 'dravya prakAza' prasiddha hai / isake atirikta bhI 'sAdhu samasyA dvAdaNa dodhaka', 'Atmahita zikSA' tathA kucha pada prApta haiM / yahAM kavi kI hindI kRtiyoM kA hI sAmAnya paricaya diyA jA rahA / 'dravya prakAza' isa graMtha kI racanA saM0 1767 pauSa vadI 13 ko vIkAna 'huI / 3 yaha brajabhASA kI racanA hai / paTa dravya nirupaNArtha savaiyA doho meM racita yaha racanA adhyAtmarasika miTU mala bhaNasAlI Adi ke lie vinirmita huii| isameM AtmA-paramAtmA kA svarUpa tathA jIva kA svarUpa samajhAtA huA kavi cha dravyoM ke svarUpa kI vistRta vivecanA karatA hai / dravya guNa paryAya, jIva pudgala kathana, aSTakarma vivaraNa, usako nivAraNA ke upAya, navatatva kA svarUpa, syAdavAda svarUpa Adi aneka mahatva ke praznoM kA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se tathA sAtha hI vyAvahArika dRSTi se nirUpaNa huA / brajabhASA ke mAdhurya meM gahana jJAna kI suvAsa bhara kavi isakI Arambhika paMktiyAM ina ne apanI AtmasuvAsa sarvatra bikhera dI hai| prakAra haiM - 1 jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 478-496 tathA bhAga 3 khaNDa 2, pR0 1417-20 2 zrImada devacadranI vistRta jIvana caritra tathA deva vilAsa, ma0 mo0 pAdarAkara, pR0 7881 3 'dravya prakAza', zrImad devacanda bhAga 2, adhyAtma prasAraka maMDala, bambaI

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jaina murjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA "aja anAdi akSaya guNI, nitya cetanAvAn / praNamuparamAnanda maya, zivasarUpa bhagavAn // 1 // jAke nirakhata saMte thiratAsu bhAva dharai, vare nija mokSa pada hare mava tAva ko;" Adi / - kavitA ke lie duHsAdhya viSaya se bhI kavi kI kAvya-pratibhA ne maitrI sAdha lI hai / devacandra jI kI mahat pratimA aura mahAnatA ke darzana taba hote hai jaba kavijAna carama sImA para pahuMca kara bhI apanI laghutA tathA namratA batAtA hai / kavi kA AtmalAghava draSTavya hai "kIu bAla maMdamati citta so kare ukatI, nama ke pradeza saba gani devo kara se; taise meM alapabuddhi mahAvRddha graMtha maMDyo, paMDita haseMge nija jJAna ke gahara mau // " bhASA parimArjita brajabhASA hai / mukhyataH 'savaiyA ikatIsA" meM saMpUrNa kAvya racita hai / yaha rAga apanI madhuratA evaM gati ke lie prakhyAta hai| kahIM bhI avaividhya doSa nhiiN| ___apUrva adhyAtmajJAnI kavi ne isa kRti meM adhyAtma kI vividha sthitiyoM evaM viSayoM kA mUkSma se sUkSma vargIkaraNa kara eka musaMbaddha vaijJAnika paddhati se tathA mAnasazAstrI kI mUkSma nirIkSaNa vRtti se adhyAtmajJAna kI ulajhanoM ko sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| upamA utprekSA tathA rUpakAdi kA prayoga svAbhAvika evaM sundara bana par3A hai / isakI prAsAdikatA evaM bhASA madhurya ise uttama kAvyoM meM rakha detA hai / kavi anya hindI racanAoM meM sAdhu samasyA dvAdasa dodhaka, Atmahita zikSA, tathA padAdi haiN| - "sAghu samasyA dvAdasa dodhaka' 1 12 doho kI eka choTI racanA hai jisameM 'munivara cAMrita lIna' rahane kA sarala upadeza diyA gayA hai| kavi kA mAnanA hai ki cakravartI se bhI adhika mugva antarmukhI ho Atma tatva kA saccA jJAna aura usakI anubhUti pAne meM hai| Atmahita zikSA' eka choTI racanA hai| isameM AtmA kI sthira kara adhyAtma jJAna ke akSaya khajAne ko pAne tathA saMsArakI mohadazA se cetane kA sarala upadeza hai| 1 prakAzita, paMca bhAvanAdi majajhAya sArtha, saMmA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 68-69

Page #162
160 paricaya khaMDa inakA pada sAhitya bhI samRddha kahA jA sakatA hai / prApta pada 'zrImad devacaMdra' bhAga 2 meM tathA zrI agaracanda nAhaTA jI mampAdita 'paMca bhAvanAdi sajAya sArtha' meM saMgRhIta hai| inake pada bhaktirasa tathA vairAgyarasa se ApUrNa hai| bhakti, upadeza aura apanI AtmadazA kA adbhuta samanvaya kavi ne kiyA hai| upadeza dene kI kavi kI apanI viziSTa zailI rahI hai| abhyAsI aura zikSaka donoM hI kavi eka sAtha banakara AyA hai / upadeza kI marala zailI avalokanIya haiM-1 "mere prIu kyu na Apa vicArI / kahasa ho kahase guNadhAraka, kyA tuma lAgata pyAro / 1 Teka naji kusaMga kulaTA mamatA kI, manI vayaNa hamArI jo kachu kahU inameM to, mokU sUsa tumhaaro| 2 nere." zrImad devacanda jI kI atyaMta lokapriya kRti unakI cauvImI hai / jaina stavana mAhitya meM tIna cauvIsIyAM atyanta lokapriya evaM kalA kI dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa rahI haiM- unameM prathama Anandadhana jI kI dUsarI yazovijaya jI kI tathA tIsarI devacanda jI kI AtI haiN| inakI cauvIsI bhakti kI nirjhariNI, kAvyatva kI purasari tathA jainatva kA nicor3a bana kara AtI hai| eka ora kavi apane prabhu ko kitanA mIThA upAlaMbha detA hai to dUsarI ora turanta vinamra vana prabhu kI dayA-yAcanA karatA hai| kavi kA prabhuprema anupama hai "tAra ho tAra prabhu muja sevaka bhaNI, jagatamAM eTalusujabha lIje / dAsa avaguNa bhayo jANI potAtaNo, dayAnidhi dIna para dayA kIje // " kavi prabhu kA sAnidhya pAne ke lie tarasa rahA hai| para amahAya hai, kAraNa usake pAma na to paMkha haiM aura na antaHcakSu, hovata jo tanu pAMgvaDI, Avata nAtha hajUra lAla re| jo hotI cita AMkhaDI, dekhata nitya prabhu nUra lAla re // " maktidazA ke ina divya udgAroM me bhASA sarala, mAdhurya evaM pramAdaguNa sampanna hai / paka, upamAdi kI chaTA dekhate hI banatI hai / sarala bhASA meM divyabhAvoM kI abhivyakti huI hai| zrImad devacanda mahat jAnI evaM rasasiddha kavi hai| 'dravya prakAza meM kavi kA yahI vyaktitatva ubhara uThA hai| kavi ne UMce' AtmajJAna kI racanA pada lAlitya aura mAdhurya se pUrNa brajabhASA me kI hai / saskRta, prAkRta, braja, hindI tayA gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM meM uttama kAvyaH kRtiyAM racakara - devacanda jI ne bhApA vikAza kI dRSTi se bhI apanA mahat yoga diyA hai| - -- -- -- 3 paMva bhAvanAdi sajjhAya mArtha maM0 agaracanda nATahA, pR0 1.0, pada 3

Page #163
jaina gUrjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA 161 udayaratna- : (saM0 1746 - 1766 lekhanakAla) 18vIM zatAbdI ke ye jaina kavi kher3A ( gujarAta ) ke rahane vAle the|1 tapaccha ke vijayarAjasUri kI paramparA meM zrI zivaratna ke ziSya the / 2 ye bar3e prasiddha kavi the / unakA racanAkAla saMvat 1746 se 1766 taka kA anumAnita hai|3 zrImad buddhisAgara jI ke kahane ke anusAra bhI ye kher3A ke nivAsI the aura mIyAgAma meM inakA svargavAsa huA thA / 4 / / inhone sthUlIbhadra ke navarasa likhe the| bAda meM AcArya zrI se phaTakAra milane me 'brahmacaryanI navavArDa' ke kAvyoM kI racanA kii| kher3A meM tIna nadiyoM ke bIca cAra mAsa taka kADassagga dhyAna meM sthira rahe the| aneka bhAvasAra Adi logoM ko jainadharma ke rAgI banAye / saMvat 1786 meM inhoMne zatrujaya kI yAtrA kI thii| udayaratna eka vAra saM0 1750 meM saMgha ke sAtha zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha kI yAtrA ko gaye the| vahAM mahArAja zrI ne darzana kiye vinA annAdi na grahaNa karane kA abhiprAya vyakta kiyaa| pujArI ne mandira kholane se manA kara diyaa| usa samaya kahate hai kavi ne "prabhAtiyA" racA, hArdika bhAva se prabhu kI stuti kI aura ekadrama bijalI ke kaDAke ke sAtha jina-mandira ke dvAra khula gaye / saMgha ne zrI zaMkhezvara pArzvanAya ke darzana kiye / isase kavIzvara kI zraddhA aura prabhu ke prabhAva kI prazaMsA marvatra hone lgii| udayaratna ko upAdhyAya kI padavI prApta thii| inakI saba kRtiyAM gujarAtI bhASA meM hI racI gaI hai| gujarAtI bhASA meM inhoMne vipula sAhitya kI sarjanA kI hai| zrI mohanalAla dalicanda desAI ne apane 'jaina gUrjara kavio' meM karIba 20 choTebar3e graMthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| inakI cauvIsI ke stavana, sarala evaM sarasa hai / isake atirikta majana-prabhAtie, zloka, stavana, stuti rAsa Adi kI racanA bhI kI hai / stavana aura pada nitAMta sundara aura bhAvavAhI bana par3e hai| inake siddhAcala jI ke stavana ati lokapriya hai / inhoMne aneka pada hindI meM bhI likhe haiM, jina para gujarAtI kA atyadhika prabhAva hai| ___ kAma, krodha, rAgadi kA nAza kara prabhu ke dhyAna meM eka laya hone ke bar3e hI mAvavAhI upadega kA eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai - 1 bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta saMpA0 50 becaradAsajI, pR0 24 2 jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, mAga 1, vambaI, pR0 172 3 vahI 4 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 414

Page #164
162 "zItala zItala nAtha sevoM, garva gAlI re - 1 bhava dAvAnala bhaMjavAne, megha mAlI re | zI0 1 ara rudhI eka buddhi, Asana vAlI re / dhyAna ehanu manamA dharo, leI tAlI re // zI0 2 kAma ne vAlI, krova ne TAlI, rAMga ne rAlI re / 11 udaya prabhu dhyAna dharato, nita dIvAlI re // zI0 3 saMgItamayatA, pada- lAlitya, artha-sArasya evaM sarala bhAvavohI zailI meM ciraMtana upadeza denA kavi kI kalA hai / paricaya khaMDa saubhAgyavijayajI : ( racanAkAlaM saM0 1750 AsapAsa ) zrI mohanalAla dalicanda desAI ne do tapagacchIya jaina sAdhu saubhAgya vijaya kA ullekha kiyA hai / eka sAdhuvijaya jI ke ziSya jinhoMne saMvat 1713 ke bAda jUnAgar3ha meM 'vijayadevasUri sajjhAya' kI racanA kI / 1 dUsare hIravijayasUri kI paramparA meM lAlavijaya ke ziSya the jinhoMne " samyakatva 67 bola stavana" tathA 'tIrthamAlA stavana' ( saMvat 1750 ) kI racanA kI / 2 ina donoM se ye saubhAgyavijaya jI pRthaka lagate haiM / inakI guru paramparA, janma tathA vihArAdi kA patA nahIM calA hai / ina sobhAgyavijaya jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1 meM diyA gayA hai / 3 inakI racita covIsI' se kucha stavana bhI isameM saMkalita haiN| cauvIsI kI racanA bar3I sundara bana par3I hai / bhASA para gujarAtI-mAravAr3I kA prabhAva hai / isakI racanA saMvat 1750 ke AsapAsa huI hai / udAharaNArtha eka prasaMga avalokanIya hai jisameM rAjula kI minotkaMThA tathA virahanivedana sUra kI gopiyoM kI yAda dilA detA hai / kavi pArzva ke rUpa-saundarya kA kitanA - cittAkarSaka citra prastuta karatA hai "chayala chavIlI mohana mUrati, teja puMja raoNjaI ravi kiraNo; vadanaM karmalaM sArada zaNi somaI, nAga loNa jaina citta haraNo / ajava Agi jima aMgi virAjaI, bhAla tilakaM sira mukUTa vaNo ; kusuma mahAla mAMhi jinavara baiThe; dhana dhana so nirakhaI nayaNe / sUra-asura-nara dvAraI baiThe bhagati karaI tuja jita lINo ; soga ke prabhu pAsa citAmaNi sakala mana vaMcita karaNo / / " 1 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 180 2 jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1367-68 3 jaina gurjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, sUrata, pR0 206-210

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 163 pada lAlitya, bhASA saundarya, saMgItamayatA evaM citropamatA se yukta kavi kI yaha racanA uttama kAvya kRtiyoM meM sthAna pAne yogya hai| RpabhasAgara : ( racanAkAla saM0 1750 AsapAsa) ___ tapagaccha ke paMDita RddhisAgara ke ziSya RSabhasAgara ke janma, dIkSA, vihArAdi tathA svargavAsa Adi kA abhI kucha bhI patA nahIM lagA hai| inakI guru paramparA isa prakAra batAI gaI hai-cAritrasAgara, kalyANasAgara, RddhisAgara, RSabhasAgara / 1 inhoMne gujarAtI meM vidyAvilAsa rAsa tathA guNamaMjarI varadatta caupaI (AgarA saMvat 1748 ) kI racanA kI hai / 2 inakI saMvat 1750 ke AsapAsa racita cauvIsI bhI milatI hai / 3 'cauvIsI' ke adhikAMza stavana hindI meM racita haiM jina para gujarAtI kA prabhAva vizeSa hai| bhASA zailI ke udAharaNa ke lie kucha paMktiyAM draSTavya haiM "trizalAnandana trihuM jagavandana, AnandakArI aina / sAco sidhAratha sevanyo ho, nirakhita nirmala naina // 6 // sakala sAmagrI lai iNa pari, milajyo, sAcai bhAva / RddhisAgara zIsa RSabha kahe, jo huvai avicala padano cAna // 7 // " cauvIsI kI racanA bar3I hI sarala bhASA meM huI hai| vinayacaMdra : (saM0 1751-55 racanAkAla ) . vinayacaMdra nAma ke kaI jaina kavi ho gaye haiN| eka vinayacaMdra 14 vIM zatAbdI meM tayA dUsare 16 vIM zatAbdI. meM tathA tIsare tapAgacchIya vijayasenasUri kI paramparA meM municandra ke ziSya vinayacaMdra ho gaye haiN| 16 vIM zatAbdI meM bhI do vinayacaMdra nAmaka jaina kavi hue hai, jinameM eka zrAvaka sthAnakavAsI bhI hai| vivakSita vinayacaMdra kharataragacchIya jinacaMdrasUri kI paramparA meM hue hai| yugapradhAna jinacaMdrasUri mugalasamrATa akabara prativodhaka, mahAn prasiddha aura prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiN| kavi ne svayaM 'uttama kumAra caritra' meM apanI guru paramparA dI hai| usake anusAra unakI guru paramparA isa prakAra hai-yugapradhAna jinacaMdrasUri-sakalacandramaNi, aSTalakSIkartA mahopAdhyAya samaya sundara, me vijaya, harSakuzala, harSanidhAna, jJAnatilaka, vinayacaMdra / kavi vinayacaMdra ke janma ke viSaya meM koI pramANa upalabdha nhiiN| itanA nizcita hai ki kavi ne gujarAta meM rahakara hiMndI tathA gujarAtI meM mizrita rAjasthAnI 1. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 380 / / 2. vhii| 2. jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, sUrata, pR0 217-223 /

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164 paricaya khaMDa meM racanAeM kI haiN| inakI racanAoM meM prayukta rAjasthAnI lokagItoM kI deziyoM ko dekhate hue zrI bhavaralAla jI nAhaTA ne yaha dhAraNA kI hai ki kavivara kA janma rAjasthAna meM hI kahIM huA hogA / 1 inakI prathama racanA 'uttamakumAra caritra caupAI' kI racanA saMvat 1752 meM pATaNa meM huI / 2 inakI vibhinna kRtiyoM ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kavi ne apanI vidvata guru paramparA se sAhitya, jainAgama, adhyAtma tathA zramaNa saMskRti kA bar3e manoyogapUrvaka adhyayana kiyA hogaa| inakI bhASA meM saMskRta zabdoM kA bAhulya dekhate hae yaha dhAraNA bhI utanI hI satya hai ki kavi ne saMskRta bhASA evaM kAvya graMthoM kA bhI pUrNarUpeNa adhyayana kiyA thaa| inake vihArAdi kI jAnakArI ke lie bhI inakI kRtiyA hI pramANa hai| inakI prApta racanAeM saMvat 1752 se 1755 taka kI haiM / kucha racanAoM meM saMvatollekha nahIM hai| inakI adhikAMza racanAe~ gujarAta meM hI racI gaI haiM / pATaNa aura rAjanagara (ahamadAvAda) meM racita kRtiyAM vizepa hai| 'uttamakumAra caritra caupAI', 'vADI pArzvastavana' tathA 'nAraMgapura pArzva stavanAdi' kI racanA pATaNa meM huI / viharamAna vIsI, sthUlibhadra vArahamAsA, 11 aMga sajjhAya tathA cauvIsI kI racanA rAjanagara (ahamadAvAda) meM huii| kavi vinayacaMdra pratibhAsampanna eka samartha vidvAna tathA ucca koTi ke kavi the| unakI alpakAla kI racanAoM se hI yaha bAta siddha hai aura bhI kaI racanAoM kA nirmANa kavi ne kiyA hogA-isa ora vizeSa zodha kI AvazyakatA avazya hai / kavi kI upalabdha racanAoM meM uparyukta racanAoM ke phuTakara stavana, vArahamAse, sajjhAya, gIta Adi bhI hai| . 'uttamakumAra caritra caupAI' kavi kI yaha prathama prApta kRti hai| isameM kavi kI vidvatA evaM kavisva mukhara uThA hai| jaina dharma parAyaNa aura sugIla madAlasA ke apratima saundarya kA varNana draSTavya hai__"nArI miggAnayana, raMgarekhA, rasa rAtI; vade sukomala vayaNa mahA bhara yauvana maatii| . sArada vacana svarUpe, sakala siNagAre sohai, - 1. vinayacaMdra kRti kusumAMjali, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, pR0 5 / 2. saMvata satarai bAvana re, zrI pATaNa pura mAMhiM, phAguNa sudi pAMcama dina re, guruvAre ucchAhi / -zrI uttamakumAra caritra caupAI, vinayacaMdra kRti kusumAMjali, pR0 207 /

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e jaina gurjara kaviyoM ko hindI kavitA apachara jema anUpa mulaki mAnava mana mohe | kalola keli bahu vidhi kareM, bhUriguNe pUraNa bharI, candra kahai jiNadharama viNa kAmiNI te kiyA kAmarI / " isa caritra kathA dvArA kavi ne sadAcaraNa, mAnavadharma evaM puruSArtha kA uttama Adarza vanita kiyA hai / bhASA sahaja, prasaMgAnukUla evaM sarala hai / bhASA para gujarAtI kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hai / kavi kI yaha kRti bar3I sarala evaM sarasa kAvyakRti vana par3I hai / 165 kavi kI anya kRtiyAM bhI vividha DhAloM racita bhaktirasa kI bar3I sarala kAvya-kRtiyAM haiM / phabatI huI upamAeM, lalita zabda yojanA tathA sarala bhAvAbhivyakti inake AkarSaNa haiM / kavi kI muktaka gItAdi racanAoM meM bhI mArmika udgAra vyakta hue haiN| kahIM sarala bhakti, kahIM vakroktipUrNa upAlaMbha to kahIM vibhinna rasoM kI bhAvadhArA dekhate hI banatI hai / bhASA kI praur3hatA, padalAlitya aura loka-saMgIta kA mAvurya sahaja hI mana ko AkRSTa kara letA hai / eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai mAMI' mere sAMvarI sUrati suM pyAra | jAke nayana sudhArasa bhIne, dekhyAM hota karAra // 'jAsI prIti lagI hai aisI, jyoM cAtaka jaladhAra / dila meM nAma vasai tasu nisadina, jyuM hiyarA maI hAra // haMsaratna : ( racanAkAla saM0 1755 AsapAsa ) tapagaccha ke vijayarAjasUri kI paramparA meM haMsaratna hue hai / 1 ye udayaratna ke . sahodara bhAI the / inake pitA kA nAma vardhamAna thA aura mAtA kA nAma mAnavAI thA / inakA dIkSApUrva kA nAma hemarAja thA / inakA svargavAsa mIyAM gAMva (gujarAta) meM saM0 1768 caitra zukla 10 ko huA / 2 inakI do racanAe~ prApta hai / 'cauvIsI' aura 'gikSAgata dovakA' / zikSAzata dodhakA' meM vyAvahArikaM jIvanopayogI upadezoM se yukta sau se bhI adhika dohoM kA saMgraha hai / 'cauvIsI' ke adhikAMza stavana hindI meM hai jina para gujarAtI kA prabhAva atyadhika hai / 'cauvIsI' ke stavana vibhinna deziyoM meM nibaddha sarala evaM sarasa bana par3e haiM / isakI racanA saM0 1755 mAgha kRSNa 3 maMgalavAra ko huI |3 1. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1450 / 2. jaina gurjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, sUrata, pR0 230 // 3. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 561 |

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166 paricaya-caMDa bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai"meM gAyA re Ima jIna cauvIse gAyA / saMvata mattara paMcAvana varase, adhika UmaMga vddhaayaa| mAgha astita tRtiyA, kujavAsare, udyama siddha caDhAyA re / 5 tapa gaNa gagana vimAna dinakara, zrI rAjavijayasUri raayaa| ziSya tesa tasu anyaya gaNivara, gyAnaranna mana bhAyA re 16 tasya anucara munihaMsa kahe Ima, Aja adhika sukha pAyA / jIna guNa jJAna boce gAve, lAma ananta upAyA re // // " kavi kI bhASA bar3I sarala evaM sAdI hai| bhaTTAraka ratnacaMdra (dvitIya) : (saM0 1757 AsapAsa) ye bha0 abhayacandra kI paramparA meM hue bha0 zubhacaMdra ke ziSya the| ma0 zumacaMdra (saM0 1721-45) ke pazcAt inheM bhaTTAraka gaddI para abhiSikta kiyA gayA / 1 inakA sambandha sUrata evaM porabandara kI gaddiyoM se vizeSa rahA hai| saMvat 1776 kI racita inakI eka cauvIsI prApta hai| bha0 ratnacaMdra kI cAra kRtiyoM kA ullekha DaoN. kasturacanda kAsalIvAla jI ne kiyA hai / 2 ratnacaMdra ko ina racanAoM meM unakI sAhityAbhiruci evaM hindI-prema ke darzana hote haiN| uparyukta kRtiyoM ke uparAMta inake kucha sphuTa gIta evaM pada bhI upalabdha haiN| prAyaH inakI kRtiyAM tIrthakaroM kI stutirUpa meM racI gaI hai| bAvana-gajAgIta' kavi ko eka aitihAsika kRti hai, jisameM saMvat 1757 pauSa sudi 2 maMgalavAra ke dina pUrNa huI cUlagiri kI sasaMgha yAtrA kA varNana hai| vidyAsAgara : ( 18 vIM zatI-dvitIya caraNa ) ye bhaTTAraka amayacaMdra ke ziSya evaM bha0 zubhacaMdra ke gurubhrAtA the| inakA sambandha valAtkAragaNa evaM sarasvatI gaccha se thA / inake guru tathA gurubhrAtA zumacaMdra (dvitIya) kA sambandha gujarAta se vizeSa rahA hai, jisakA ullekha pichale pRSThoM meM ho cukA hai| inakI hindI racanAoM meM gujarAtI prayoga dekhate hue saMbhava hai ye bhI gujarAta ---. meM dIrghakAla. paryaMta rahe hoN| inake viSaya meM vizeSa jAnakArI anupalabdha hai| .. 1. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 164 / 2. vahI, pR0 206 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA 167 . DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla jI ne inakI racita racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1 ina kutiyoM ke uparAMta inake race kucha padaM bhI upalabdha hai, jo bhAva, mApA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| khemacandra : (saM0 1761 AsapAsa) __ye tapAgaccha kI candrazAkhA ke mukticandra jI ke ziSya the / 2 nAgaradeza meM racita inakI eka kRti guNamAlA caupaI prApta hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1761 meM huI thI / 3 isa racanA meM gujarAtI zabdoM kA prayoga dekhate hue kavi kA gujarAta se dIrghakAlIna sambandha rahA ho, yaha saMbhava hai| zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina ne bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyA hai|4 _ 'guNamAlA copaI' kI eka prati jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana, AgarA meM surakSita hai / isameM gorakhapura ke rAjA gajasiMha aura guNamAla kI kathA vaNita hai / Arya maryAdA kI uttama zikSA evaM pativrata kA Adarza isa racanA meM kavi ne dikhAyA hai| kathA sarasa hai aura tatkAlIna samAja kA sajIva citra prastuta karatI hai| guNamAlA ko usakI mAtA Arya maryAdA kI sIkha detI huI kahatI hai "sISAvaNi kuMvarI prata, dIya raMbhA mAta / veTI tUM para purupa suM, mata karaje bAta // 1 // bhagati kare bharatAra kI, saMga uttama rahaje / var3A rA mho bole raNe, ati vinaya vahaje // 2 // " lAvaNya vija gaNi : (saM0 1731 AsapAsa) ___paM0 bhAnuvijaya jI ke ziSya lAvaNyavijaya ne khaMbhAta meM caubIsI kI racanA kii| isakI eka prati zrI devacaMda lAlabhAI bhaMDAra, sUrata se prApta huI hai, jo adhUrga hai| inakI anya racanAoM evaM jIvana sambandhI jAnakArI kA abhI patA nahIM calA hai| ima cauvIsI kI racanA saMvat 1761 meM khaMbhAta meM huI / 5 / / kavi ke ina stavanoM ko dekhane me lagatA hai ki ye racanAe~ uttama racanAo me sthAna pAne yogya haiN| kavitA kI dRSTi se bhI bar3e ho manohara, layabaddha, bhAva-mAdhurya 1. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 208 / 2. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, kAmatAprasAda jaina, pR0 162 / 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. (a) zrI jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, sUrata, pR0 260 / (A) jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1406 /

Page #170
168 paricaya baMDa evaM apUrva kalpanA se yukta stavana haiN| kavi kI hindI bhASA para gujarAtI kA atyadhika prabhAva hai / bhASA zailI kI dRSTi se eka udAharaNa paryApta hogA "Adi jinesara sAhivA, jana mana pUre Aza lAla re / karIya kRpA karuNA karo, mana maMdira karo vAsa lAla re ||A0 1 mahimAvanta mahanta che, jANI kIyo neha lAla re| Avihana te nita pAlII, cAtaka jima mani mehanalAla re |A0 2" jina udayasUri : (saM0 1762 AsapAsa) ye kharataragaccha kI vegaDa zAgvA meM hue guNasamudrasUri jinamundarasUri ke mipya the| inake bAre meM bhI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nhiiN| zrI mohanalAja dalicaMda demAI ne inakI eka gujarAtI kRti 'surasundarI amarakumAra rAsa'1 (saM0 1716) tathA eka hindI kRti '24 jina savaiyA'2 (saM0 1762) kA paricaya diyA hai| isa AdhAra para ima kavi ko jana-gUrjara kavi mAnA hai| 24 jina savaiyA' kavi kI hindI kRti hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1762 ke bAda huI thii| isameM antima prazasti ke sAtha kula 25 padya hai| kRti 24 tIrthakaroM kI stuti meM racI gaI hai| isakI eka prati jinadatta bhaNDAra bambaI, patra eka se 7-13, pothI naM0 10 meM surakSita hai| isakI eka aura prati abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera meM hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai jisameM-kavi ne racanA kA hetu batAte hue likhA hai-- "pApa ko tApa nivArana ko hima dhyAna upAvana ko viracIsI, puNyatha pAvana ko gRha zrI zuddha gyAnaM janAvana ke paracIsI / Rddhi divAcana ko hari sIyaha budhi vadhAvana ko giracIsI, zrI jinamundarasUri sUsIsa kahai, naudaisUri mujaina pacIsI / 25 // " kisanadAsa : (saM0 1767 AsapAsa ) ye lokagaccha gajarAta ke zrI saMgharAja jI mahArAja ke ziSya the|3 inake janma, jAti aura mUla nivAsa ke saMbaMdha meM prAmANika jAnakArI nahIM miltii| kaccha ke - 1. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 2 pR0 176 / 2. vahI, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1213 / . . 3. ziri maMdarAja loMkAgaccha ziratAja Aja / tinakI kRpA te kavitAI pAI pAvanI / / kisanadAsa kRta upadeza vAvanI, saMpA0 DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara, gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, pR0 182 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 169 rAjakavi jIvarAma ajarAmara gaura ne inheM uttara bhArata kA zrI gaur3a brAhmaNa mAnA hai| ve batAte haiM kisanadAsa kI mAtA apane pati ke nidhana ke bAda apane putra kisanadAsa aura putrI ratanavAI ko lekara zrI saMgharAja jI mahArAja ke Azraya meM ahamadAbAda calI AI thIM / inhIM saMvarAja jI ne unheM par3hAyA aura kavitA vanAnA sikhAyA / sihora nivAsI zrI govinda gillAmAI inheM gujarAta kA hI mUla nivAsI batAte haiM / 2 inake racanA kAla ke sambandha meM antaHsAkSya ke AdhAra para kevala itanA hI patA calatA hai ki ye 18 vIM zatAbdI meM vartamAna the aura saMvat 1767 ke Azvina sudI 10 ke dina apanI vahana ratanavAI, jo jaina dIkSA prApta thI, usakI mRtyu nimitta 'upadeza vAvanI' (kizana vAvanI), kAvya graMtha kI racanA kii|3 ___ bhApA ke AdhAra para yaha bhI anumAna kiyA gayA hai ki kavi kA sambandha gujarAta ke sAtha-sAtha rAjasthAna se bhI rahA ho| kyoMki kRti meM rAjasthAna meM pracalita dezaja zabdoM, muhAvaroM aura kahAvatoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| kucha bhI ho kavi jaina dharma meM dIkSita thA aura gujarAta se dIrghakAla taka nikaTa ke sambandhita rahA hai, yaha to siddha hI hai| jaina dharmAvalambI hote hue bhI kisanadAsa ke vicAra asAmpradAyika aura udAra the| kisanadAsa jI isa 'upadeza vAvanI' ke atirikta aura koI racanA dekhane meM nahIM aaii| ___ 'upadeza vAvanI'4 kisI samaya gujarAta meM atyadhika lokapriya rahI hai / aneka to ise kaMThasya kara lete the| vahata saMbhava hai, isI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa hI 'upadeza vAvanI' isakA mUla nAma badalakara 'kizana bAvanI' ho gayA / 'upadeza bAvanI' zAMtarasa kI uttama racanA haiM / isameM kula milAkara 62 kavitta haiM / isa kAvya ke prArambha ke pAMca kavitta jaina sUtra 'oM namaH siddha' ke pratyeka varNa se prArambha kara race haiN| phira varNamAlA ke krama se arthAt 'a' se prArambha kara 'jJa' taka ke pratyeka akSara se eka eka kavitta racA hai| isa prakAra 57 kavittoM kI kramika 1. kizana vAvanI, saMpA0 govinda gillAmAI, pR. 2 (san 1915) / 2. vahI, pR03| 3. upadeza vAganI, padya saMkhyA 62 / 4. (ka) prakAzita-kizana vAvanI, saMpAgovinda gillAmAI (san 1915) / (kha) prakAzita-gujarAta ke hindI gaurava maMtha-DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara, pR0 157-82 /

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170 . paricaya khaMDa racanA kI hai| kavi kA pratyeka kavitta sarala evaM prabhAvotpAdaka hai| AtmAnubhUti, artha sArasya evaM padalAlitya se sarAvora ye kavitta bar3e hI sajIva evaM marmasparzI ho uThe haiN| jIvana aura jagad kI kSaNabhaMguratA evaM aMjali ke jala kI bhAMti Ayu ke chojane kI bAta kavi ne kisa prabhAvapUrNa zabdoM meM citrita kI hai-- "aMjalI ke jala jyoM ghaTata pala-pala Ayu, viSa se viSama vivisAuna vipa rasa ke, paMtha ko mukAma kA vApa ko na gAma yaha, jaivo nija dhAma tAteM kIje kAma yaza ke, khAna sulatAna umarAva rAva rAna Ana, kisana ajAna jAna koU na rahI sake. sAMjharu vihAna calyo jAta hai jihAna tAtai, . hama hU~ nidAna mahimAna dina dasa ke // 20 // " jaina matAvalaMbI hote hue bhI kavi ne sarvatra udAra evaM asAmpradAyika vicAroM ko vyakta kiyA hai| mana var3A harAmI hai| use vaza meM karanA pahalI zarta hai / para tapa-japAdi, mUDa muMDAne, banavAsa lene aura vAhyAcAroM se vaza meM nahIM hotA / basa mana zuddha honA cAhie aura paramAtmA kI eka mAtra AzA, usI kA bhAva nirantara ramatA rahanA caahie| isI bhAva kI kucha paMktiyAM dRSTavya haiM "mana meM hai Asa to kisana kahA vanavAsa // 57 // " "hara hai mana caMga to kaThautI meM gaMga hai // 26 // " "chAMr3I nA vibhUti to vibhUti kahA dhArI hai // 6 // " zAMtarasa kI isa kRti meM jJAna, vairAgya aura upadeza mukhya viSaya rahe haiN| bhASA sarala, muhAvaredAra, brajabhApA hai| bhASA bhAvAnukUla tathA sahaja aura svAbhAvika alaMkAroM se yukta hai| isakI racanA 31 mAtrA ke manaharaNa kavitta meM huI hai| bhApA aura chanda yojanA para bhI kavi kA acchA adhikAra spaSTa lakSita hai| kavi kI ipTAMtamayI sarala zailI aura bhApA-kauzala sarAhanIya hai| saMkSepa meM, yaha kRti bhASA, bhAva evaM zailI kI dRSTi se saphala evaM uttama kAvya kRti hai| hemakavi : (saM0 1976) ye aMcalagaccha ke prasiddha AcArya zrI kalyANasAgarasUri ke ziSya the / 1 1. jaina sAhitya saMgoSaka, khaMDa 2, aMka 1, pR0 25 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 171 dharmamUrtisUri1 ke zipya kalyANasAgarasUri gujarAta ke hI the| inakA paricaya 17 vIM zatI ke kaviyoM ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| kavi hema aura unakI eka kRti "madana yuddha" kA ullekha zrI paM0 ambAlAla premacanda zAha ne kiyA hai| isakI mUla prati unake pAsa surakSita hai / 2 isI kRti ke AdhAra para isakA saMpAdana bhI kiyA hai jo "AcArya AnandazaMkara dhru va smAraka graMtha" meM prakAzita hai / 3 isa kRti meM gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI zabda prayogoM ko dekhate hue yaha pratIta hotA hai ki kavi kA saMbaMdha rAjasthAna aura gujarAta donoM se rahA hai| "madana yuddha" meM madana aura rati kA saMvAda hai| jainAcArya zrI kalyANasAgaramUri ko mahAvratoM meM se na DigAne ke lie rati kAmadeva se prArthanA karatI hai| kAmadeva rati kI prArthanA asvIkAra kara zastrAstra se sajjita ho saMyamazIla AcArya ko sAdhanAcyuta karane ke lie prayANa karatA hai| parantu tapasvI AcArya kI sAtvika guNaprabhA ke Age kAmadeva itavIrya banatA hai aura anta meM tapasvI muni ke caraNoM meM girakara kSamA yAcanA karanA hai / bhASA zailI kI dRSTi se eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai "ora upAva ko kIjIiM jyoM yaha mAne moheM / cUpa raho ajahu~ lajjA nahIM kAhA kahUM pIya toheM / / 86n eka hAri ko adhika dukha kaheM veMna ju meMna / dAdhe upara lona ko kharo lagAvata aina // 10 // " isa kAvya kI racanA saM0 1776 meM huI thii|4 kAvya sAdhAraNa hai / bhASA sarala evaM marasa hai| kuzala : (saM 1786-89) ye lokAgacchIya (gujarAta) rAmasiMha jI ke ziSya the / 5 kavi kuzala ne saM0 1786 meM 'dagArNa madra coDhAliyA', saM0 1789 caitra sudi dUja ko meDatA meM "sanata 1. madana yuddha, antima kalaza, AnandazaMkara dhra va smAraka graMtha, pR0 255 / 2. Anandazakara va smAraka graMtha, madana yuddha, paM0 ambAlAla premacanda zAha, pR0 238 / 3. AnandazaMkara dhruva smAraka graMtha, gujarAta varnAkyulara, sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, pR0 243 se 255 meM prakAzita / 4. AcArya AnandazaMkara dhruva smRti gretha, paM0 ambAlAla premacanda zAha kA lekha, pR0 238 / 5. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1453 /

Page #174
172 paricaya khaMDa kumAra cauDhAliyA", "laghu sAdhu candanA" tathA "sItA AloyaNA" kA praNayana kiyA thA ? __ "sItA AloyaNA" kavi kI mahatvapUrNa evaM ullekhanIya kRti hai / imameM kavi ne 63 padyoM meM sItA ke banavAsa samaya meM kI gaI Atma-vicAraNA baTA mUkSma evaM sajIva varNana kiyA hai| mApA zailI kI dRSTi se eka udAharaNa paryApta hogA "satIna sItA sArakhI, rati na rAma samAna, jatI na jambU sArakho, gatI na mugata sudhAMna / sItAjI ka rAmajI, java dIno vanavAna, taba pUrava kRta karamaku, yAda kare aradAsa / " bhASA gujarAtI prabhAvita hindI hai| kanakakuzala bhaTTArka : (saM0 1764 AsapAsa) kaccha (gujarAta) ke mahArAjA rAva zrI lakhapatasiMha jI kavi-kovidoM ke bar3e cAhaka the| unhoMne brajamApA kAvya racanA kI zAstrIya zikSA dI jAne vAlI pAThazAlA kI sthApanA kI thii| isa pAThazAlA ke yogya saMcAlaka jaina sAdhu thI kanakakugala niyukta kiye gye| ye rAjasthAna ke kizanagar3ha nagara ke kaccha pradeza meM se Aye the / 2 kanakakugala saMskRta aura brajabhApA ke kugala sAhityakAra tathA prakAMDa vidvAna the| mahArAva ne unheM bhaTTArka kI padavI se vibhUSita kiyA thaa| kaccha ke itihAsa se bhI yaha patA calatA haiM ki kanakakula jI se lakhapatasiMha ne brajabhASA sAhitya kA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| isa pAThazAlA meM kisI bhI deza kA vidyArthI prazikSaNa prApta karane A sakatA thA aura usake khAne-pIne aura AvAsa kA pravandha mahArAva dvArA hotA thA / 3 inake guru pratApakuzala the| guru bar3e pratApI, camatkArI evaM vacana-siddha prApta the / zAhI darabAra meM inakA kAphI sammAna thaa| kuMarakuzala ke 'kavi vaMza varNana' pe patA calatA hai ki kanakakuzala apane samaya ke sammAnita vyakti the| kanakakuzala aura kuarakuzala donoM guru-ziSya kaccha ke mahArAu lakhapatasiMha jI ke kRpApAtra tathA sammAna prApta AcArya evaM kavi the| inhoMne aise graMthoM kI racanA kI hai jo unake asAdhAraNa vyaktitva, kavitva tayA AcAryatva kA pramANa prastuta karate hai| inakI 1. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1453-54 / 2. kuara caMdraprakAzasiMha, bhuja (kaccha) kI brajabhASA pAThazAlA, pR0 21 / 3. kacchakalAdhara, bhAga 2, pR0 434 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA tii kRtiyoM kI kucha pratiyA~ jodhapura, bIkAnera tathA pATaNa ke saMgrahoM meM surakSita haiM / kanakakuzala bhaTTArka ke upalavdha graMtha "lakhapata maMjarI nAmamAlA", "sundara zRGgAra kI rasadIpikA", "mahArAo zrI gohaDajIno jasa", "lakhapati yaza sindhu" Adi hai| inakI 'lakhapata maMjarI nAmamAlA' tathA 'lakhapati yazasindhu' kRtiyAM vizeSa mahatva kI haiM / ye kRtiyAM mahArAva lakhapatasiMha kI prazaMsA meM racI gaI haiM / bhApA-zailI kI dRSTi se eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai "acala vidhya se anutra kidhoM airAvata Darata / vikaTa vera vetAla kanaka saMghaTa jaba kurata / ari gaDha gaMjana atula sadala zRGkhalA vala torata / aise pracaNDa siMdhura akala, mahArAja jina mAna ati / paThae dillIsa lakhapati ko, kahe jagata dhani kacchapati / / " kuarakuzala bhaTTArka : (saM0 1794-1821) gujarAta ke kaccha pradeza meM brajabhApA-sAhitya kI paramparA kA sUtrapAta karane vAle, hemavimalasUri saMtAnIya aura pratApI guruvarya pratApakuzala ke paTTadhara kanakakuzala bhaTTArka ke ye pradhAna ziSya the / 1 ye mahArAva lagbapati aura unake putra gauDa donoM dvArA sammAnita the| yahI kAraNa hai ki inake granyoM meM kucha grantha mahArAva lakhapati ko tathA kucha mahArAva goDa ko samarpita haiN| inhoMne apane guru se bhI adhika grathoM kI racanA kI hai| mahApaMDita kuarakuzala kA brajabhASA para asAdhAraNa adhikAra thaa| saMskRta, phArasI Adi bhASAoM ke sAtha kAvya tathA saMgIta meM bhI adhikArI vidvAna the| ___ kuMarakuzala bhaTTArka kI racanAe~ saMvat 1764 se 1821 taka kI prApta haiN| ina kRtiyoM kI aneka hastalikhita pratiyAM hemacaMdranAna bhaNDAra, pATaNa; rAjasthAna prAcya zodha pratiSThAna, jodhapura tathA abhaya graMthAlaya, bIkAnera meM surakSita haiM / kavi Roga, chanda, alaMkAra Adi ke acche vidvAna the| inake upalabdha graMtha isa prakAra haiM-"lakhapata maMjarI nAmamAlA", "pAramati ( pArasAta ) nAmamAla"; "lakhapata piMgala" athavA "kavi rahasya", "goDa piMgala", . "lagbapati jasasiMdhu", "lakhapati svarga prApti samaya" (marasiyA), "mahArAva lakhapati duvAvaita", "mAtAno chanda" athavA IzvarI chanda", 'rAgamAlA' aadi| inameM 'lakhapati piMgala' aura 'lakhapati jasasiMdhu' mahatvapUrNa racanAeM haiN| inameM rItikAlIna AcArya 1. muni kAMtisAgara jI (udayapura) kI pAMDulipi-ajJAta sAhinya vaibhava /

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174 paricaya-khaMDa paramparA kA caramotkarpa hai| inakA AcAryatva bar3A vyApaka aura prauDha dikhatA hai| AcArya kuMara kuzala kA 'lakhapati jasasinyu' nAmaka graMtha hindI kI rIti graMthoM kI paramparA meM kaI amAvoM ko dUra karatA hai| yaha natha 'kAvya prakAza ko Adarza mAnakara nirmita huA hai|"1 isa graMtha meM mahArAva lakhapatasiMha ke sabhI pakSa prakAza meM A gaye haiM / mahArAva ke zaurya evaM aizvarya varNana kA eka prasaMga braSTavya hai "kachapati dezala rAu kai, taSata teja balavIra / mahArAva lakhapati marada, kuMara koTi koTIra // 2 // bar3e koTa killA bar3e, var3I topa vikarAla / var3I rausa cihu aura vala, javara bar3I jaMjAla // " guNavilAsa : (saM. 1797 AsapAsa) ye siddhivardhana ke ziSya the| inakA janma nAma gokalacanda thaa| inake sanbandha meM vizeSa itivRtta prApta nhiiN| inakI eka kRti 'cauvIsI saMvat 1767 kI jesalamera meM racita prApta hai / 2 gujarAtI bhASA prabhAvita inakI cauvIsI ke stavana gujarAta meM vizeSa pracalita haiN| isa dRSTi se kA kavi kA gujarAta meM dIrghakAla taka rahanA siddha ho jAtA hai| vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM meM racita 'cauvIsI' bhakti evaM vairAgya bhAvanA kI dRSTi se sundara kRti hai| kavi kI dRSTi sadaiva udAra, samadarzI evaM sarvadharma samanvaya kI rahI hai| cautrIjI ke stavana choTe para bhAvavAhI haiN| kavi kI asAmpradAyika zuddha bhAvAnubhUti evaM bhakta kI-sI hArdika abhilASA kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai "ava mohIge tAro dInadayAla saba hImata meM dekheM, jIta tIta tumahi nAma rasAla / Adi anAdi puruSa ho tumhIM viSNu gopAla; ziva brahmA tumhIM meM saraje, mAjI gayo bhramajAla moha vikala bhUlyo bhava mAMhi, phayo ananta kAla, guNa vilAsa zrI RSabha jinesara, merI karo pratipAla // " . isameM brajamApA kA mArdava evaM mAdhurya sapTa najara AtA hai| kahIM kahIM gujarAtI kA prabhAva bhI avazya rahA hai| - 1. kuMara candraprakAzatiha, bhuja (kaccha) kI brajabhASA pAThazAlA, pR0 31 / 2. jaina gUjara kavio, bhAga 2, pR0 584 / 3. (ka) prakAgita-ANaMdajI kalyANa jI, cauvIsI vIgI saMgraha pR0 467-507 (ba) jaina gurjara sAhitya ratno, nAga 1 (sUrata se prakAzita), pR0 360 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA nihAlacanda : (sa0 1500 AsapAsa) anta:sAkSya ke AdhAra para ye pArzvacandragaccha ke vAcaka harSacandra ke ziSya the / inakA samaya saMvat 1800 ke AsapAsa rahA hai / inakA adhikAMza samaya baMgAla meM vyatIta huA thA 11 inakI mAtRbhASA gujarAtI thI / ava taka kI khojoM ke AdhAra para inake tIna graMtha gujarAtI meM tathA do graMtha hindI meM prApta haiM |2 prasiddha evaM uttama racanA hai / "brahma bAvanI " kavi kI hindI racanAoM meM isakI eka prati 'abhaya jaina granthAlaya', vIkAnera meM surakSita hai / isameM kula 52 padya hai / isameM nirAkAra aura adRzya siddha bhagavAna kI upAsanA jaina paramparAnusAra kI gaI hai | nirguNopAsaka santoM kI-sI madhuratA, bhAvAbhisiktatA evaM AkarSaNa isa kRti meM sahaja hI dekhA jA sakatA hai / racanA kavi ke vicAroM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai / oMkAra mantra kI kahatA hai adhyAtma aura vairAgyaparaka mahimA vatAtA huA kavi "siddhana ko siddhi, Rddhi santana ko mahimA mahantana ko deta dina mAhIM hai, jogI ko jugati hUM mukati deva muninakU, bhogI kU bhugati gati matiuna pAMhI hai / " kavi apanI laghutA dvArA sAdRzya vidhAna kIM nipuNatA batAtA huA kahatA hai-- " hama pai dayAla hokai sajjana vizAla citta, merI eka vInatI pramAna kari lIjiyau / vAla khyAla ihu, apanI subuddhi te sudhAra tuma dIjiyo // sk merI mati hIna tAteM kInhau 175 ali ke svabhAva teM sugandha lIjiyo aratha kI, haMsa ke svabhAva hoke guna ko grahIjiyo // " 1. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 4, brahma bAvanI, pada 51, pR0 88 / 2. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1868 tathA bhAga 3, khaNDa 1, pR0 8-6 /

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176 . paricaya-khaMDa inakI dUsarI hindI kRti "baMgAla deza kI gajala" meM vaMgAla ke murzidAbAda nagara kA varNana hai| isa kRti kI racanA saMvat 1782 se 1795 ke bIca anumAnita hai / 1 isameM kula 65 padya haiM / bhApA-zailI kI dRSTi se eka padya draSTavya hai "yAro deza gAMlA khUba hai re, jahAM vahaya bhAgIrathI Apa gNgaa| jahAM zikhara sameta paranAtha pArasa prabhu jhADakhaMDI mahAdeva cNgaa| gajala vaMgAla deza kI, bhAkhI jatI nihAla, mUrakha ke mana nA vase, paMDita hota khusAla // 65 // " ava yaha kRti apane aitihAsika sAra ke sAtha prakAzita hai / 2 1. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2, pR0 152 / 2. bhAratIya vidyA, varSa 1, aGka 4, pR0 413-26 / - .

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AlocanA khaNDa 3 prakaraNa : 4 : jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM vastu-pakSa / prakaraNa : 5 : jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM kalA-pakSa / prakaraNa : 6 : jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM prayukta vividha kAvya-rUpa / prakaraNa : 7 : Alocya kavitA kA mUlyAMkana aura upasaMhAra /

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prakaraNa 4 Alocya yuga ke jaina- gurjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM vastu-pakSa bhAva pakSa : bhakti-pakSa : bhakti kA sAmAnya svarUpa va usake tatva / jaina dharma sAdhanA meM bhakti kA svarUpa | jaina - gUrjara hindI kaviyoM ko kavitA meM bhakti-nirUpaNa / vicAra- pakSa : sAmAjika yathArthAkana, tadyugIna sAmAjika samasyAe~ aura kaviyoM dvArA prastuta nidAna / dhArmika vicAra | dArzanika vicAra / naitika vicAra | prakRti-nirUpaNa : prakRti kA AlaMbanagata prayoga; prakRti kA uddIpanagata citraNa; prakRti kA alaMkAragata prayoga; upadeza Adi dene ke lie prakRti kA kAvyAtmaka prayoga; prakRti ke mAdhyama se brahmavAda kI pratiSThA / niSkarSa 101011

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AlocanA-khaNDa 3 prakaraNa : 4 Alocya yuga ke jaina gurjara hindI kaviyoM kI kavitA kA bastu-pakSa bhAva pakSa : pratyeka prakAra kI kavitA kA kathya hamAre samakSa do rUpoM meM AtA hai--bhAva aura vicaar| bhAva para anekAneka sAhitya zAstrakAroM ne va manovainAnikoM ne pRthakApRthak parivezoM meM vicAra kiyA hai| bharata se lekara aba taka ke sAhityAcAryoM ke anusAra bhAva do prakAra ke hote haiM-sthAyI tathA sNcaarii| ye vAsanArUpa sthAyI bhAva paripakva hokara rasadagA ko prApta hote hai| ata: bhAva ke mAtha, kavitA para vicAra karate samaya, rasa kI carcA anivAryataH apekSita hai| sthAyI bhAvoM ke anukUla hI rasoM kI saMkhyAdi kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi rasoM ko lekara yA unako saMkhyA ko lekara paryApta carcA-vicAraNA ho gaI hai kintu abhI taka inakI pUrNataH svIkRta saMkhyA nI hI mAnI gaI hai| yoM katipaya AcAryoM ne vAtsalya, bhakti Adi ko rasarUpa meM sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai kintu inheM rasoM meM samAviSTa karane kI pravRtti dikhAI detI hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki ina nI rasoM meM kucha AcArya zRGgAra rasa ko pradhAnatA dete haiM aura kucha karuNa ko| jainAcAryoM ne yadyapi apane kAvya meM sabhI rasoM ko yathAvasara prayukta kiyA hai tathApi unakI mUla cetanA zAnta rasa ko grahaNa kara calatI huI pratIta hotI hai / 1 nemicandra jaina gAnta rasa kI carcA isa rUpa meM prastuta karate hai ___ "jaina sAhitya meM antarmuvI pravRttiyoM ko athavA Atmonmukha puruSArtha ko rasa vatAyA hai| jaba taka AtmAnubhUti kA rasa nahIM chalakatA rasamayatA nahIM A sktii| vibhAva, anubhAva aura saMcArI bhAva jIva ke. mAnasika vAcika aura kAyika vikAra hai, svabhAva nahIM hai| rasoM kA vAstavika udbhava ina vikAroM ke dUra hone para hI ho sakatA hai / java taka kaSAya-vikAroM ke kAraNa yoga kI pravRtti zubhAzubha rUpa meM anuraMjita rahatI hai, AtmAnubhUti nahIM ho sktii|"2 1. "saptama bhaya aTThama rasa adbhut, navamo zAnta rasAni ko nAyaka / " banArasIdAsa, nATaka samayasAra, 361 / / 2. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, pR0 224 /

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__jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 181 namicandra ke ukta kathana meM nimnalikhita do vAtoM para hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa hotA hai-antarmukhI pravRttiyAM Atmonmukha purupArtha rasa hai, tathA vibhAvAnubhAva saMcArI vikAra haiM aura jinase mukta hokara AtmAnubhUti hotI hai, rasa chalakatA hai / "AtmAnubhUti" zabda kI do sIdhI-sAdI vyAkhyAeM ho sakatI hai-AtmA ke dvArA kI gaI anubhUti tathA AtmA kI anubhUti / prathama meM AtmA anubhUti kA tatva hai jaba ki dUsare meM vaha svayaM anubhUti kA viSaya hai| isa prakAra dArzanika stara para donoM kA saMyukta rUpa arthAt AtmA ke dvArA apane hI svarUpa ko anubhUta karanA brahmAnanda kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| ata: AdhyAtmika stara para zAnta rasa ke atirikta kisI anya rasa kI avasthiti svIkArya nahIM ho skegii| ataH AdhyAtmika sAhitya meM zAntetara rasoM kI sthiti zAnta rasa ko puSTa karane ke lie dikhAI degii| yaha bahuta aMzoM taka ThIka bhI hai / sAMsarika tIna rAga vairAgya meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| isa vairAgya ke bhI ve hI kAraNa haiM jo zAnta rasa ke lie vibhAva kA kArya karate hai-rAgAdi ke paripUrNa bhoga se utpanna "nispRhatA kI avasthA meM AtmA ke vizrAma se utpanna sukha" athAt gama,1 tathA bhoga kI apUrNatA tathA tadbhuta vyAghAtaka sthitiyoM ke kAraNa "citta kI abhAvAtmaka vRtti" arthAt nirveda / 2 sAhitya meM carcita rasa inhI "zama" tathA 'nirveda' sthAI bhAvoM kA abhivyakta rUpa hai jabaki AdhyAtmika kSetra meM sthAyI bhAvoM kI bhI anavasthA svIkAra karanI pdd'egii| imI tathya ko jina senAcArya ne apanI pustaka "alaMkAra cintAmaNi" meM isa rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai-"virAgatvAdinA nirvikAra manastvaM shm"| AdhyAtmavAda meM 'AtmA' zuddha cetana tatva mAnA gayA hai| mala, kaMcuka athavA kaSAya Adi se baddha yaha Atma tatva inase mukta hokara hI apane zuddha rUpa ko pahacAnane meM samartha ho pAtA hai| saMbhavataH isa dizA meM kiyA gayA udyoga hI Atmonmukha purupAArtha hai jo rasa prApta karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| AtmA ke dvArA zuddha caitanya tatva kI prApti yA anubhUti hI rasa hai, isa prakAra ke Ananda meM sava prakAra ke vikAra niHzepa ho nAte hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki zAnta rasa ko sabhI rasoM kA mUla mAna liyA gayA hai / 3 kavi banArasIdAsa to sabhI rasoM ko zAnta rasa meM hI samAviSTa karate pratIta hote hai / unakI dRSTi meM to AtmA ko jJAna-guNa se vibhUpita karane kA vicAra zRGgAra hai, 1. vizvanAtha, sAhitya darpaNa / 2. hindI sAhitya koza, bhAga 1, pR0 455 / 3. kanyAga, bhakti vizepAka, "bhAva-bhakti kI bhUmikAe~" nAmaka nibaMdha, aMka 1, - pR0 366 /

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182 AlocanA-khaMDa karma nirjarA kA udyama vIra rasa hai, sava jIvoM ko apanA samajhanA karuNa rasa hai| hRdaya meM utsAha aura sukha kA anubhava karanA hAsya rasa, aSTa karmoM ko naSTa karanA gaidra rama, garIra kI azucitA kA vicAra karanA vIbhatsa rasa, janma, maraNAdi kA duHkha-cintana karanA bhayAnaka rasa hai, AtmA kI ananta zakti ko prApta karanA adbhuta rasa aura dRr3ha vairAgya dhAraNa karanA tathA AtmAnubhAva meM lIna honA hI zAnta rasa hai / 1 isa prakAra se dekhane para bhI jainoM kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sarvopari rasa zAnta hI hai / nemicandra ne apane DhaMga se isa zAnta rasa kA vidhAna ina zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA hai-"anitya jagat Alambana hai, jaina mandira, jaina tIrthadhAma, mUrti, sAdhu Adi uddIpana haiM, tatvajJAna, tapa, dhyAna, cintana, samAdhi Adi anubhAva haiM, ghRti, mati Adi. vyabhicArI bhAva haiM tathA sukha-duHkhAdi se Upara uThakara prANimAtra ke prati samatvabhAva dhAraNa karanA zAnta rasa kI sthiti hai|" . __ jaina kavi, jo mUlataH AdhyAtmika cintaka evaM AdhyAtmika guru rahe haiM, zAnta rasa ko hI pramukha athavA apane kAvya kA aMgI rasa mAne to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / zeSa rama inake kAvya meM anvaya-vyatireka se aMgabhUta hokara Ae haiN| inake kAvya meM rasoM kI carcA isI pariveza meM honI cAhie anyathA Alocya kaviyoM ke sAtha anyAya ho jAnA sahaja saMbhava hai| ___ Alocya kAla hindI kI dRSTi se rItikAla hai aura jaisA ki hama saba jAnate haiM yaha kAla itihAsa va sAhitya meM varNita mAnava-vRttiyoM ke AdhAra para vilAsitA kA yuga kahA gayA hai| aise caturmunI vilAsitA ke yuga meM ye kavi bahirmukhI vRttiyoM kA saMkucana kara anmUna kA Aloka vikIrga karate hue prANI mAtra ko zAMtarasa meM nimajjita karate rhe| isIlie zRGgAra Adi rasa inake sAdhya nahIM haiM, mAtra sAdhana haiM; antata: gAMta rasa ko hI puSTa karane kA kArya karate dikhAI dete haiN| ina sAvanarUpa goM ko bhI dekhate calanA prasaMgaprApta hI hogaa| ina kaviyoM ne nakhazikha varNana evaM rUpavarNana ke prasaMga bhI prastuta kiye haiM para saMyata aura udAtta bhAva se / khemacanda racita "guNamAlA caupAI" meM kavi nAyikA guNamAlA kA rUpa-varNana kisa udAtta bhAva me karatA hai-- peTai poiNi patrai tisau, Upari trivalI thAya / gaMgA yamanA sarasatI, tInoM baiThI Aya // 30 // nAmi ratna ko kuMpalI, jaMcA ta kelI sthaMbha / mAnava gati dIse nahIM, dIse koI raMbha // 3 // " 1. hindI jaina sAhitya parigIlana, bhAga 1, pR0 233 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA . 183 paramparA ke prazraya evaM sAdhya ko pUrNa karane ke hetu zRMgAra varNana evaM nakhazikha varNana ke prasaMga prsNgtH| aneka sthaloM para Ae haiN| kavi samayasundara ne apanI "sItArAmaH caupAI" meM garbhavatI sItA kA rUpa-varNana bar3e saMyata bhAva se kiyA hai "vajrajaMgha rAjA ghare, rahatI sItA nAri, garbha liMga paraMgaTa thayo, pAMDura gAla prkaari| thaNa mukha zyAma paNo thayo, guru nitaMva gatimaMda, : . nayana sanehAlA thayA, mukhi amRta rasaviMda // "1 .. candrakIti kA 'jayakumAra AkhyAna'2 mUlataH vIra rasa pradhAna kAvya hai; parantu usameM zRMgAra evaM zAMtarasa kA sundara niyojana hai| sulocanA ke sauMdarya kA varNana karatA huA kahatA hai "kamala patra vizAla netrA, nAzikA suka caMca / aSTamI candraja * mAla sauhe, veNI nAga prapaMca // sundarI dekhI teha rAjA, cinta meM mana mAMhi / sundarI sura sundarI, kinnarI kima kahe vAma // ". - kavi ratnakIrti ke "neminAtha phAgu" meM rAjula kI sundaratA kA bhI eka citra dekhie_ "candravadanI mRga locanI mocatI khaMjana mIna / vAsaMga jItyo veNaI, zreNiya madhukara dIna || yugala gala dAye zazi, upamA nAsA kIra / adharaM viduma sama upamA, dantaM nU nirmala nIra / / / civuka kamala para SaTpada, AnaMda kare sudhApAna / - . . govA sundara somatI, kambu kapola ne vAna // "3. saMskRta kAvya paramparAnusAra strI sulabha rUpa varNana ke kucha prasaMga svAbhAvika pe haiM / nAyikA bheda aura rUpa varNana meM ina kaviyoM ne kucha kauzala mI dikhAe haiN| vAsakasajjA kA Ika udAharaNa dekhie- .. ... "kahu sohatI . eka vAsIka sejA, : .. ... . . . soI dharatI he mIlana ku. kaMta haijaa| . . . ... 1: samayasundara, sItArAma caupaaii| 2. caMdrakIti, jayakumAra AkhyAna / - 3. yazaHkIrti-sarasvatI bhavana, RSabhadeva kI prati / .

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184 AlocanA-khaMDa kahuM sAra abhisArikA kareM zRMgAra, cale lacaka kaTI chIna kucake ju bhAraM // 56 // "1 kavi mAladeva ke "syUlibhadra phAga" meM kozA vezyA ke rUpa-sauMdarya kA varNana / karatA huA kahatA hai-- "vikasita kamala nayana bani, kAma vANa aniyA re / khAMcai mamuha kamAna zu, kAmI mRga-mana mAri re // 39 // kAnahi kuMDala ghAratI, jAnu madana kI jAlI re, syAma bhuyaMgI yU veNI, yauvana dhana rapavAlI re // "2 para anta to zAnta rasa meM hI huA hai| kavi syUlibhadra muni kA udAharaNa dekara brahmacarya pAlana karane, zIla vratadhArI tathA nArI saMgati ko chor3ane kA upadeza detA hai "mAladeva ima vInavai, nArI-saMgati TAlaure, thUlimadra muni nI paraIM, sola mahAvrata pAlaure // 107 // "3 sAmAnyatayA zRMgAra aura zAMta paraspara virodhI rasa haiN| zRMgAra rasa mAnava jIvana ko kAmanA sikta banAtA haiM, zAMta jIvana kI hara pravRtti kA zamana kara detA hai / isa kaviyoM ne ina do virodhI rasoM kA bhI mela karAyA hai| yahAM zRMgAra aura zama gale milate-se lagate haiN| inakA pratyeka zRMgArika nAyaka nirveda ke dvArA apanI utejanA, indriya lipsA aura mAdakatA kA parihAra zama meM karatA hai| vastutaH ina kaviyoM kI sabhI rasoM meM huI sRjana salilA kA anta meM "zama" yA nirveda meM paryavasAna hotA hai| isa dRSTi se vinayacandra kI sthUlibhadra bArahamAsa', samayasundara kI 'sItArAma caupAI', jinaharSa racita 'bAraha mAse', khemacandra kI 'guNamAlA caupAI, candrakIrti kI 'bharata vAhubali chaMda', jinarAjasUri kA 'zAlimadra rAsa' Adi lagabhaga sabhI kRtiyoM meM vibhinna rasoM kI pariNati gAMta meM hI huI hai| ina kRtiyoM kA mUla viSaya dhArmika yA upadeza pradhAna rahane se anta meM kavi apane nAyaka-nAyikAoM ko nirveda grahaNa karA dete haiM ayavA kathA kA anta zAMta rasa meM pratiphalita kara dete haiN| udAharaNArtha jinarAjasUri kI 'zAlibhadra rAsa' kRti ke nAyaka zAlibhadra meM kavi ne bhoga aura yoga kA adbhuta sananvaya karAyA hai| gAlibhadra eka aisA nAyaka hai jo saMsAra ko phUla kI 1. 'madana yuddha' hema kavi, prastuta prabaMdha kA tIsarA prakaraNa / 2. sthUnibhadra phAga, mAladeva, prAcIna phAga saMgraha, saMpA0 DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, pR0 31 / 3. vahI / -

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 185 taraha sundara aura komala tathA kAyA ko makkhana kI taraha mulAyama aura snigdha mAnatA hai / vaha svayaM ko jagat kA svAmI aura niyantA samajhatA hai para anta meM mAtA ke vacana sunakara ki svAmI rAjA zreNika ghara AyA hai, zAlibhadra kA eka vivAda aura krandana se bhara uThatA hai| rAga kI atizaya prakriyA pazcAtApa aura vairAgya meM ho uThatI hai-- "etalA dina laga jANato, huM ku sahuno nAtha / mAhare piNa jo nAtha chai, to chor3ie ho tRNa jima e Atha / / 4 / / jANato je sukha sAsatA, lAdhA acha asamAna / te sahu Aja asAsatA, maiM jANyA ho jima saMdhyA vAna // 5 // " aura vaha apanI aneka sundarI striyoM kA parityAga kara anaMta muktipatha kI / ora agramara hotA hai, jahAM kisI kA koI nAtha nahIM "uThayo AmaNa dUmaNo, mahala caDhayo mana raMga / phiri pAcho jovai nahIM, jima kaMcalI bhuyaMga // "1 yauvana evaM aham ke isa asAdhAraNa tUphAna aura ubhAra meM DUvI pyAsa kA zamana kavi ne nirveda dvArA kiyA hai / isI taraha jinaharpa praNIta 'nemi-bArahamAsA" kRti meM kavi ne viraha-vipralaMma ke anUThe citra prastuta kie haiM / anta meM rasarAja zAMta kI niSpatti sahajarUpa meM karAI hai / vipralaMma zRGgAra kI madhura smRtiyoM meM tathA virahajanita vibhinna bhAvoM meM rAjula DUba rahI hai| vArahamAsa vItate jAte haiM, para nemi nahIM aae| rAjula rotI rahatI hai, apanI prema pIr3A marma-sparzI zabdoM ma abhivyakta karatI rahatI hai| rAjula ke virahImana kI vibhinna dazAe~ spaSTa hone lagatI haiM / kavi ne zRGgAra kI isa samasta mUrcchanA ko gama meM paryavasita kara diyA hai-- "pragaTai nama vAdara Adara hota, dhanA dhana Agama AlI bhayo hai| kAma kI vedana mohi satAvai, ASADha meM nemi viyoga dayo hai| rAjula saMyama leka mugati. gaI nija kanta manAya layo hai / jori ke hAthi kahai jasarAja, nemIsara sAhiba siddha jayo hai // 12 // "2 vipralaMbha kA sArA dRzya anta meM zAMta kI Atma-samarpita ho jAtA hai| 'bArahamApA' nAmaka kRtiyoM meM bhI kavi ne isI prakAra kI vRtti ke darzana karAe haiM1. jinarAjamUri kRti kusumAMjalI, zAlibhadra dhannA caupAI, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 132-33 / 2. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, pR0 1176 / -

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186 AlocanA-khaMDa rAjula rAjakumArI vicArI ke saMyata nAtha ke hAtha gahyo hai / paMca samiti tIna gupati gharI nija, cita meM karma samUha dahyo hai / / rAga dvepa moha mAyA nahaiM, ujjala kevala jJAna lahyo hai| dampati jAi vase ziva geha meM, neha kharo jasarAja kahyo hai / / 13||1 yazovijaya jI ne apane kucha muktaka stavanoM meM bhI rAjula ke vipralaMna zRGgAra kI vyathA janita ceSTAoM kA paryavasAna zama meM karAyA hai| udAraNArtha eka stavana drapTavya hai-2 "tujha viNa lAge sunI seja, nahIM tanu teja na hAra daheja / Ao ne maMdira vilaso bhoga, vRddhApana meM lIje yoga / chorUMgI meM nahi tero saMga, gailI calu jiuM chAyA aMga / ema vilapatI gai gaDa giranAra, dekhe prItama rAjula naar| kaMte dInu kevala jJAna, kIdhA pyArI Apa samAna / mugati mahala meM khela doya, praNa meM 'jasa' ulasita hoya // " nemIzvara aura rAjula ke kathAnaka ko lekara racita prAyaH sabhI kRtiyoM meM aMgIrasa zAMta hI hai| prArambha meM nemikumAra kI saMsAra ke prati udAsInA aura anta kI saMyama-tapasiddhi rasAnukUla hai| bItra ke prasaMgoM meM zRGgAra kA malavAnila mAnama ko upita avazya kara detA hai| mAmiyoM ke parihAsa meM hAsya tathA AyukgAlA meM pradarzita nemIkumAra ke parAkrama meM vIra rasa kA niyojana huA hai| bandI-pazuoM kI pukAra meM karuNA kA unmepa hai; aura anta meM hai zAnta rasa kI prtisstthaa| jayavaMtari racita 'sthUlibhadra mohana vaili'3 kRti kA nAyaka syUlibhadra aura nAyikA kozyA donoM zRGgAra pradhAna nAyaka nAyikA haiM / sthUlibhadra kozyA ke rUpa para mohita hai usane madhuvana meM krIr3A karate usa rUpa mundarI ko denvA hai "veNI phaNi anukArA, pUraNa caMdamukhI mRga nayanA / pInnonmata kuca mArA, gora bhujA Amodari sunagA / " prathama laukika dharAtala para donoM kA prema pallavita hotA hai| para laukika prema kA pAralaukika prema meM paryavamAna karAnA jaina katriyoM kI pramukha vizeSatA rahI hai| yahAM donoM kA sAMsArika prema apanI carama mImA para pahuMca kara anta pAtA hai vahIM se AdhyAtmika prema kA zrIgaNega hotA hai| sthalibhadra prema ke AvaraNa ko 1. nemi-rAjamatI bAraha mAsa savaiyA, jinaharpa / 2. jaina gUrjara mAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, pR0 132-33 / 3. hastalikhita prati, abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera, graMthAMka, 3716 / -

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jaina gUrjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA 187 utAra kara nirveda kI lahariyoM meM bahane lagatA hai| prathama pitA kI mRtyu se nirveda bhAvanA kA vikAsa hotA hai "tAta ku nidhana sunata dukha pAyu, mana mAMhi i sAcu virAga UpAyu // dhiga saMsAra asAra vipAkiiM, hoti yuvikala na rahya moha vAkiI / / "173 sthUlibhadra saMyama dhAraNa kara lete haiM, kozyA ko nIMda nahIM AtI / vAra-vAra triya kI smRtiyAM ubhara AtI haiM aura use sArA saMsAra hI priyatama maya dikhane lagatA hai "saba jaga tujha maya ho rahyA, to hI suvAMcyA prAna // 160 // " yahAM laukika prema brahma maya ho jAtA hai| yaha brahma aura jIva kI tAdAtmya sthiti hai| anta meM zAMta rasa kI snigdha dhArA apanI Atmarati aura brahma-rati se zRgAra ko pracchanna kara detI hai|| vinayacaMdra praNIta 'thUlibhadra bArahamAsA'1 kRti meM prAyaH sabhI rasoM kA sundara niyojana huA hai| pratyeka rasa kA eka-eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai zRGgAra : "ApAr3hai AzA phalI, kozA karai siNagAro jii| Avau libhadra vAlahA, priyuDA karU manohArojI / / manohAra sAra zRGgAra-rasamAM, anubhavI thayA taravarA / velaDI vanitA lAi AliMgana, bhUmi bhAminI jldhaaraa||" hAsya : "zrAvaNa hAsya rasaiM karI, vilasau pratima premai jI / yogI ! bhogI nai dhare, AvaNa lAgA kemai jI / / ta: kema Avai mana suhAvai, vasI pramadA prItaDI / ema hAsI citta vibhAsI, jomau jagati kisI jaDI // " karuNa : "jharaharai pAvasa megha barasai, nayaNa tima mukha aaNsuaaN| tima malina rUpI vAhya dIsau, tima malina antara huA // 1 // bhAdau kAdau maci rAu, kaliNa kalyA bahu lokojI / dekhI karuNA Upajai, candrakAntA jima koko jI / / koka pari vihU boka karatI, viraha kalaNai huM klii| kADhiyai tihAM thI vAha jhAlI, karuNA rasanai aTakalI // " 1. vinayacaMdra kRti kusumAMjali, saMpA0 bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, pR0 80-84 / - -

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188 AlocanA-khaMDa raudra : "akulAya dharaNi taruNi taraNI, kiraNa thI, zopata dharai / upapati parai dhana kanta alagu, karI dhana vedana karai / / tima tumheM paNi viraha tApai, tApavau chau ati ghaNu / cAMdaNI zItala jhAla pAvaka, paraI kahi ketau bhaNu // " vIra : "kAtI kautuka sAMbharai, vIra karai saMgrA bhojii| vikaTa kaTaka cAlA ghaNu, tima kAmI nija dhAmojI / / nija dhAma kAmI kAminI ve, laDai vedhaka vayaNa su| raNatUra neura khaDga veNI, dhanuSa-rUpI nayaNa su||" bhayAnaka : "bhayAnaka rasai mediyauM, magisira mAsa sanUrojI / mAMga sirahi gorI dharai, vara aruNi mAM sindUro jii| sindUra pUrai harSa jorai, madana jhAla anala jisI / tihAM paDai kAmI nara pataMgA, dharI raMgA dhasamasI // " vIbhatsa : "saMkoca hovai prauDha ramaNI, saMgathI laghu kaMta jyu| tima kaMta tuma cau veSa dekhI, maI vIbhatsa paNu bhaju / / " adbhuta : "mAgha nidAgha parai daha, e adbhuta rasa dekhu jii| zItala paNi jaDatA ghaNu, prItama paratikha pekhu jI // " zAMta : "phAguna zAMta rasai ramaI, ANI nava nava bhaavojii| anubhava atula vasaMta mAM, parimala sahaja samAvojI / mahaja bhAva sugaMdha tailaI, picara kI sama jala rsii| guNa rAga raMga gulAla uDai, karuNa sasavo hI vasai / / para bhAga raMga mRdaMga gUjai, satva tAla vizAla e| samakita taMtrI taMta bhuNakai, sumati sumanasa mAla e||" isa prakAra ina kaviyoM ke aise samI kAvya prAyaH nirvedAnta haiM / stotra, stavana, stuti, gIta, majjhAya, pada, vivAhalo, maMgala, pravaMdha, caupAI, vIsI, cauvIsI, chattIsI, vAvanI, bahottarI, zataka Adi samasta kRtiyoM meM bhaktirasa kA apAra srota umar3atA

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 186 dikhatA hai, jahAM sabhI zAMta rasa meM DUbate-tairate parilakSita hote haiN| anya rasoM ke sundara varNanoM kI, antima pariNati zama yA nirveda meM hI ho gaI hai| ina kaviyoM kI kavitA meM eka ora sAMsArika rAga-dveSAdi se virakti hai, to dUsarI ora prabhu se carama zAMti kI kaamnaa| jaba taka mana kI duvidhA nahIM miTatI, mana zAMti kA anubhava nahIM kara sktaa| yaha duvidhA to tabhI miTa sakatI hai jaba paramAtmA kA anugraha ho aura kucha aisI bakSisa de ki vaha saMsAra ke rAga virAga, mAyA-moha se Upara uThakara prabhumaya vana jAya athavA uparyukta zAnta rasa kA anubhavakartA bana jAtA hai "prabhu mere kara aisI vakasIsa, dvAra dvAra para nA bhaTako, nAuM kIsa hI na sIsa / / mudha Atama kalA pragaTe, ghaTe rAga aru rIsa / moha phATaka khule chIma meM, rameM gyAna adhIsa / / tuja alAyava pAsa sAhiva, jagapati jagadIza / guNa vilAsa kI Asa pUro, karo Apa sarIsa / / "1 jIva saMsAra ke bhItara bhaTakatA phiratA hai, use zAMti kahIM bhI nahIM miltii| bhavasAgara kI tUphAnI laharoM ke bIca DagamagAtI jIvana naukA ko pAra lagAne kI zakti eka mAtra prabhu smaraNa meM hai| saMmAra kI isa bhISaNa vipamatA ke madhya akulAte jIva kI durdamanIyatA evaM vivazatA dikhAkara kavi AnaMdavarddhana ne divya AnaMdAnubhUti kA vikAma vikIrNa kiyA hai "sai akulai kula maccha jahAM, garajai dariyA ati bhIma mayau hai / o vaDavAnala jA julamAna jalai jala maiM jala pAna kayo hai / lola uttarAMkalolani kai para vAri jihAja ucchari dayo hai| aise tUphAna meM tohi japa taji maiM sukha sauM zivadhAma layo hai // 40 // "2 mana kI caMcalatA hI azAMti kA kAraNa hai| vipayAdi meM lipta rahane ke kAraNa hI mana udvighna haiN| ise prabhu meM sthira kara sAMsArika azAMti ko pAra kara zAnti prApta kI jA sakatI hai / 3 kavi samayasundara ne prabhu ko unakI mahAnatA, - 1. guNa vilAsa, cauvImI stavana, jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, pR0 36.1 2. bhaktAmara savaiyA, AnaMdavarddhana, nAhaTA saMgraha se prApta pratilipi / 3. bhajana saMgraha dharmAmRta, paM0 vecaradAsa, vinayavijaya ke pada, pR0 37 /

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190 AlocanA-khaMDa apAra guNoM se yukta unake sAmarthya aura pUrNa zAMti pradAyaka hone ke satya ko mAnakara hI, unheM apane svAmI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA haiM / 1 jIva apane sacce paramAtmA kAraNa moha hai ataH moha kA jAyeMge aura ananta jJAna kA yazovijaya jI kA abhimata hai ki rAga- pAdi se prema karane ke kAraNa hI svarUpa kA darzana nahIM kara pAtA / rAga-dveSa kA mukhya nivAraNa anivArya hai / karma baMdhana bhI isI ke sAtha TUTa prakAza AtmA meM jhilamilA uThegA / 2 sukha aura zAMti kI kAmanA meM mana kaise ulaTI cAla cala par3atA hai / sAMsArika viSaya vipAka aura mukhabhoga meM phaMse mana ko prabuddha karatA huA kavi kahatA hai--3 " cetana ! rAha cale ulaTe | nakha-zikhaloM baMdhana meM baiThe, kuguru vacana kulaTe / vipaya vipAka bhoga sukhakArana, china meM tuma palaTe // cAkhI chora sudhArasa samatA, bhava jala vipaya khaTe // bhavadavi vici rahe tuma aise, Avata nAMhi taTe | tihAM timiMgala ghora rahatu hai, cAra kaSAya kaTe // vara vilAsa vanitA nayana ke pAsa par3e lapaTe / ava paravaza bhAge kihAM jAo, jhAleM moha-maTe // mana mele kiriyA je kInI, Thage loka kapaTe / tAko phalavinu bhoga miTego, nAMhi raTe // sIkha sunI aba rahe suguru ke itu karate tuma sujaza lahoge, 9 tumaku caraNa kamala nikaTe / tatvajJAna pragaTe || " yAMta mAva kI abhivyakti ke lie adhikAMza kaviyoM ne eka vizeSa DhaMga apanAyA hai / sAMsArika vainavoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA aura asAratA dikhAkara, tajjanya vyagratA ko pragaTa kara kavi loga cupa ho gaye haiM aura isI mauna meM zAntarasa kI dhvani, saMgIta kI svara laharI kI taraha jhaMkRta hotI rahatI hai / yovana aura sAMsArika upamoga meM unmatta jIvoM ko sambodhana karate hue AnaMdavarddhana kahate haiM, "yovana rUpI mehamAna ko jAne meM dera nahIM lagatI / " yauvana caMcala aura asthira hai, usakI pratIti neminAtha ne pratyakSa kI thii| duniyA pataMga ke raMgoM kI bhAMti raMgIna aura caMcala hai / saMsAra svapna kI taraha mithyA hai aura asAra hai| ataH he jIva saMsAra meM sAvadhAna hokara 1. samayamundara kRti kumumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 7 / 2. gurjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, yazovijayajI, pR0 157-56 e / 3. vahI, pR0 163 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA rahanA hai, svapna ke bhrama ko samajhanA hai / " 1 yauvana kI unmattatA aura viSayAsakti kA anta nahIM / saMsAra kI mAyA mRgatRSNA hai / yahAM kabhI mana kI icchAeM pUrI nahIM hotI / phira bhI mAnava-mana na to pazcAtApa karatA hai aura na usase vilaga hone kA prayatna hI karatA hai / kavi isa sthiti te paricita karAtA huA kahatA hai " mana mRga tu tana vana meM mAtau / keli kare carai icchAcArI, jANe nahIM dina jAto / mAyA rUpa mahA mRga trisanAM, tiNa meM dhAve tAto / Akhara pUrI hota na icchA, to bhI nahIM pachatAto / kAmaNI kapaTa mahA kuDi maMDI, khavari kare phAla khAto / * kahe dharmasIha ulaMgIsi vAko, terI saphala kalA to // 2 191 4 isI taraha kavi kizanadAsa ne yovana jhalaka ko 'capalA kI camaka' aura viSaya sukha ko 'dhanuSa jaiso dhana ko batAyA hai 13 aura kAyA aura mAyA ko 'bAdala kI chAyA' jIva sAMsArika sukhoM ko prApta karane ke lie lalacAtA rahatA hai / eka ke bAda dUsare ko prApta karane kI tRSNA kabhI nahIM bujhatI / vaha vyartha hI usake pIche daur3a lagAtA hai / use patA nahIM sudhA sarovara usake bhItara hI laharA rahA hai / usameM nimajjita hone se saba duHkha dUra ho jAte haiM aura paramAnaMda kI prApti hotI hai / sAMsArika padArthoM ke lie lalacAnA mUrkhatA hai / jisake lie yaha jIva vyAkula hokara 'merI-merI' karatA hai, ve saba bulabule kI taraha kSaNika haiM / ataH kSaNika padArthoM meM cirantana sukha DhUMr3hanA mUrkhatA hai / moha mAyA vaza jIva kA zuddha rUpa AcchAdita ho gayA hai 1 vaha atRpti ke kAMToM para leTakara duHkha pA rahA hai, jJAna- kusumoM kI zayyA para leTane kA use saubhAgya hI prApta nahIM huA 14 samayasundara ne kahA hai, 'he mUrkha mAnava tU ghamaNDa kyoM karatA hai / tana, dhana, yauvana kSaNika hai, svapnavat hai / rAvaNa, rAma, nala, pANDava Adi sabhI saMsAra meM Akara cale gaye / inake sAmane terI kyA visAta | Aja nahIM to kala savako maranA hai / ataH tU zIghra ceta jA aura bhagavAna kA vyAna kara- 1. AnaMdavardhana cauvIsI, nAhaTA saMgraha se prApta pratilipi / 2. dharmavardhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 10 / 3 upadeza bAvanI, kizanadAsa, gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara / 4. bhajana-saMgraha dharmAmRta, paM0 vecaradAsa, pR0 35 /

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192 AlocanA-khaMDa "mUrakha nara kAhe tU karata gumAna / tana dhana jovana caMcala jIvita, sahu jaga supana samAna / kahAM rAvaNa kahAM rAma kahAM nali, kahAM pAMDava paradhAna / iNa jaga kuNakuNa Ai sidhAre, kahi naI tU kisa thAna // Aja ke kAli Akhara aMta maraNA, merI sokha tU mAna / samayasundara kahara adhira saMsArA, ghari bhagavaMta kau vyAna ||3|| 1 Anandaghana ne bhI tana, dhana aura yauvana ko jhUThA kahA hai aura yaha saba pAnI ke bIca batAze kI bhAMti kSaNika astitva vAle haiM, 'pAnI vicca patAsA' haiM |2 yahI kAraNa hai ki zAMti ke upAsaka ye kavi zAMtipradAyaka prabhu kI zaraNa meM gaye haiM / rAgadveSa hI azAMti ke mUla haiM / prabhu smaraNa aura unakI zaraNa meM jAne se ye vilIna ho jAte haiM / prabhu dhyAna meM ananta zAMti kA anubhava hotA hai aura prabhu gunagAna meM tana-mana kI suva evaM sAMsArika duvidhAoM kA aMta A jAtA hai / yahAM vaha paramAtmA kI akSaya nidhi kA svAmI vana jAtA hai / phire use hari-hara indra aura brahmA kI nidhiyAM bhI tuccha lagane lagatI haiM / usa paramAtmA rasa ke Age anya rasa phIke par3a jAte haiM | kyoMki kavi ne aba to khule maidAna meM moharUpI mahAn zatru ko jIta liyA hai "hama magana bhaye prabhu vyAna meM / visara gaI duvidhA tana-mana kI, acirA suta guna jJAna meM || 1 || * * cidAnanda kI moja macI hai, samatA rasa ke pAna meM ||2|| = S gaI dInatA saba hI hamArI, prabhu ! tuja samakita - dAna meM / prabhu-guna- anubhava rasa ke Age, Avata nAMhi koDa mAna meM / jinahi pAyA tinahI chipAyA, na kahe kou ke kAna meM / tAlI lAgI jaba anubhava kI, tava jAne kou sA~na meM / prabhu guna anubhava caMdrahAsa jyoM, so to na rahe myAna meM / vAcaka jA kahe moha mahA ari, jIta lIyo he medAna meM || "3 1. samayamundara kRti kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 449-50 / 2. Anandavardhana pada saMgraha, avyAtma jJAna prasAraka maMDala, vaMbaI pada saM0 26 | 3. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha 1, govijaya jI, pR0 83 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 163 zAMti kI isa carama sthiti para pahuMcane para anahada vAjA vaja uThatA hai / jIva aura brahma kI yaha tAdAtmya sthiti brahmarati hai aura zAMta rasa kI carama pariNati hai "upajI dhunI ajapAkI anahada, jita nagAre vArI / jhaDI sadA Anandadhana barasata, vanamora ekanatArI // 20 // "1 isa prakAra zAMta rasa kI vizAla paridhi ne jIvana ke samasta kSetroM ko AvRtta kara liyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki Alocya yugIna jaina gurjara kaviyoM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM zAMta rasa ko hI pradhAnatA dI hai| ina kaviyoM kA pradhAna lakSya rAga-dveSa se pare rahakara samatva kI bhAvanA ko U~cA uThAnA rahA hai| jaina sAhityakAroM ne vairAgyotpatti ke do sAdhana batalAye haiN| tatvajJAna, ipTa viyoga yA aniSTa saMyoga / isameM prathama sthAyI bhAva hai, dUsarA sNcaarii| Aja kA manovijJAna bhI isa mata kA samarthana karatA hai-isake anusAra rAga kI klAnta avasthA hI vairAgya hai / mahAkavi deva ne rAga ko atizaya pratikriyA mAnA hai| unake matAnusAra tIvra rAga hI klAnta hokara vairAgya meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| ataH zAMta rasa meM mana kI vibhinna dazAoM kA rahanA Avazyaka hai / 2 AtmA hI zAMti kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai / AtmA java dehAdi bhautika padAryoM se apane ko bhinna anubhava karane lagatI hai taba gAMta rama kI nippatti hotI hai| ahaMkAra rAga-dvapAdi se rahita zuddha jJAna aura AnaMda se ota-prota Atmasthiti mAnI gaI hai| yahI cirasthAyI hai| isI sthiti ko prApta karane karAne meM ina kaviyoM ne apanI sAhitya-sAdhanA kI hai| bhakti -pakSa : bhakti kA sAmAnya svarUpa va usake tatva abhidhAna rAjendra koza ke anusAra 'bhakti' zabda 'maja' dhAtu meM strIliMga 'vatan' pratyaya lagAne se banA hai|3 jisakA artha bhajanA hai / 'nArada' ke anusAra bhakti 'parama prema rUpA' aura amata svarUpA hai, jise prApta kara jIva siddha, amara aura tRpta ho jAtA hai / 4 nArada bhakti mUtra meM vibhinna AcAryoM ke abhimata rUpa meM 'bhakti' kI aneka parimApAe~ dI gaI haiM / kucha prasiddha paribhASAe~ isa prakAra hai 1. Anandadhana pada saMgraha, adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maMDala, baMbaI, pada saM0 20 / 2. hitdI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, bhAga 1, nemicanda jaina, pR. 231-33 / 3. abhidhAna rAjendra koga, pAMcavA bhAga, pR0 1365 / 4. 'sA tvasmi paramapremarUnA, amRta svarUpA ca' bhakti sUtra : 2-3 /

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AlocanA-khaMDa (1) vyAsa jI ke matAnusAra 'pUjAdievAnuroga iti parAzaryaH' pUjAdi meM pragAr3ha prema hI bhakti haiM / 1 164 (2) zAMDilya ke anusAra 'Atmaratyavirodheneti zAMDilyaH' AtmA meM tIvra rati honA hI bhakti hai | 2 (3) zAMDilya bhakti sUtra ke anusAra Izvara meM parama anuravita kA nAma hI bhakti hai - 'sA parAnuraktirIzvare // 3 (4) bhAgavata meM niSkAma bhAva se svabhAva kI pravRtti kA satyamUrta bhagavAna meM laya ho jAnA bhakti kahA gayA hai |4 sArAMzataH bhakti meM iSTadeva aura bhakta kA samvandha hai / bhakta aura bhagavAna meM bhakti kA hI eka mAtra nAtA hai / bhakti ke nAte hI bhagavAna dravita ho jAte haiM aura bhakta para kRpA karate haiM / use zaraNa meM le lete haiM, mAyA se mukta kara dete hai aura apane meM lIna kara lete haiM / yaha bhakti prema rUpA hai / vinA prIti ke bhakti utpanna nahIM hotI ata: prIti bhakti kA Avazyaka aMga hai / isa prIti nivedana ke lie bhakta anyAnya bhAvoM-kriyAoM kA sahArA letA hai / inhIM kriyAoM ke AdhAra para bhAgavata meM bhakti ke nau prakAra (rUpa) mAne gae haiM / 5 nArada bhakti sUtra meM isake gyAraha bheda batAye gaye haiM, jo gyAraha Asakti rUpa meM varNita hai / 6 AcArya rUpa gosvAmI kRta 'haribhakti rasAmRta sindhu' meM bhakti rasa se saMbaMdhita pAMca bhAva svIkAra kie gaye haiM - 1. zAnti, 2. prIti, 3. preya, 4. vatsala, 5. madhura / inakA mUla 'bhAgavata' kI navadhA bhakti tathA 'nArada bhakti sUtra' kI ekadaza AsaktiyoM meM mila jAtA hai |7 1. nArada bhakti sUtra 16 / 2. vahI, 18 / 3. zAMDilya bhakti sUtra, 11111 / 4. zrImad bhAgavat skanda 3, adhyAya 25, zloka 32-33 | 5. zravaNaM kIrtanaM viSNoH smaraNaM pAda sevanam / arcanaM vaMdanaM dAsyaM sakhyaM Atmanivedanam || zrImad bhAgavata skaMda 7, adhyAya 5, zloka 52 / 6. "guNa mAhAtmyAsakti, rUpAsakti, pUjAsakti, smaraNAsakti, dAsyAsakti, saMkhyAsakti, kAntAsakti, tanmayatA sakti, parama virahAsakti rUpA ekAdhApyekAdazAdhA bhavati / " nArada bhakti sUtra, sUtra 82 / 7. hindI sAhitya kopa, saMpA0 DaoN0 dhIrendra varmA, pR0 531 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 165 jaina dharma-sAdhanA meM bhakti kA svarUpa / jaina dharma jJAna pradhAna hai, phira bhI bhakti se usakA avicchedya sambandha hai / zrI hemacandrAcArya ne prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM bhakti ko 'zraddhA' kahA hai / 1 AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI zraddhAn aura bhakti kA eka hI artha mAnA hai / 2 jaina zAstroM meM zraddhA kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| zraddhA se mokSa taka mila sakatA hai| zraddhAn ko samyaka darzana kahA hai aura samyak darzana mokSa kA sAdhana batAyA hai|3 jaina AcAryoM ne 'darzana' kA artha zraddhAn kiga hai aura use jJAna se bhI pahale rakhA hai|4 isa prakAra zraddhA ko svIkAra kara makti ko hI pramukhatA dI hai| jaina AcAryoM ne bhakti kI paribhASAeM bhI dI haiM / kucha paribhASAe~ draSTavya hai (1) AcArya pUjyapAda ke anusAra, 'arahaMta, AcArya, bahuzruta aura pravacana meM bhAva vizuddhi yukta anurAga hI bhakti hai / "5 (2) AcArya somadeva ke matAnusAra, 'jina, jinAgama aura tapa tathA zru ta meM parAyaNa AcArya meM madbhAva vizuddhi yukta anurAga hI bhakti hai / 6 1. 'AcArya hemacandra, prAkRta vyAkaraNa, DaoN0 Ara0 pizela sampAdita, bambaI saMskRta mIrIja, 1600, 21156 / 2. AcArya samantabhadra, samIcIna dharmazAstra, paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra sampAdita, vIra sevA mandira, dillI, pR0 72, 75, zloka 37, 41 / 3. (ka) zraddhAnaM paramArthAnAmAptA gamatapomRtAm / vimUDhApoDhamaSTAMga samyagdarzanamasyam / / vahI, pR0 32 zloka 4 / (kha) yogIndu deva, paramAtmAprakAga, zrI AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye saMpAdita, paramazrata prabhAvaka maMDala, vambaI, pR0 138 2012 / 4. AvArya bhaTTa kalaMka, tatvArthavAktika, bhAga 1, paM0 mahendrakumAra saMpAdita, hindI ___anuvAda, pR0 176 / 5. "ahaMdAcArye pravacane ca bhAvavizuddhiyukto'nurAgo bhaktiH / " AcArya pUjya gada, sarvArthasiddhi, paM0 phUlacanda saMpAdita bhApya, pR0 336 / 6. jine jinAgame sUgai tapaH zrutaparAyaNo / sadmAvazuddhi sampanno'nurAgo bhaktirucyate // Prof. K. K. Handiqui, yasastilak and Indian Culture, Jain Sanskriti Samarkashaka Sangha, Sholapur, 1949, P. 262.

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AlocanA-khaMDa Alocya yugIna jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI preraNA kA srota yahI anurAgamaya jinezvara bhakti yA Atmarati hai / mahAtmA AnaMdaghana ne isa bhAva ko adhika spaSTa karate hue batAyA hai ki jisa prakAra kAmI vyakti kA mana, anya saba prakAra kI sudhabudha khokara kAma-vAsanA meM hI lagA rahatA hai, anya vAtoM meM use rasa nahIM milatA; usI prakAra prabhu nAma aura smaraNAdi rUpa bhakti meM, bhakta kI avicala niSThA vanI rahatI hai / 1 anurAga kI-sI tallInatA aura ekaniSThatA, anyatra saMbhava nahIM / eka anya sthAna para bhakti para sambandha meM mahAtmA Anandaghana ne kahA hai, 'jisa prakAra udara bharaNa ke lie gauyeM vana meM jAtI haiM, vahAM cAroM ora phiratI haiM aura ghAsa caratI hai, para unakA mana ghara raha gaye apane bachar3oM meM lagA rahatA hai / ThIka isI prakAra saMsAra ke saba kAma karate hue bhI bhakta kA mana bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM lagA rahatA hai / saheliyA~ hila - milakara tAlAba yA kue~ para pAnI bharane jAtI haiN| rAste meM tAlI vajAtI haiM, ha~satI haiM, khelatI haiM, kintu unakA vyAna sira para dhare ghar3e meM hI lagA rahatA hai | vaise hI saMsAra ke kAmoM ko karate hue bhI bhakta kA mana to prabhu caraNoM meM hI lagA rahatA hai | 2 jainoM kA bhagavAna vItarAgI hai jo sava prakAra ke rAgoM se mukta hone kA upadeza detA hai / isa vItarAgI ke prati rAga 'bandha' kA kAraNa nahIM, kyoMki isameM kisI prakAra kI kAmanA yA sAMsArika svArtha sannihita nahIM / vItarAga meM kiyA gayA anurAga niSkAma hI hotA haiM / AcArya kundakunda ne vItarAgiyoM meM anurAga karane vAloM ko yogI batAyA hai / 3 vItarAgI kI 'vItarAgatA' para rIjhakara hI bhakta usase 166 - Anandaghana pada saMgraha, adhyAtmaprasAraka maNDala, vambaI / aise jina caraNa citapada lAU re manA, 2. 9. juvArI mana juvA re, kAmI ke mana kAma | Anandaghana prabhu yo kahai, tU le bhagavata ko nAma ||4|| aise arihanta ke guNa gAU re manA / udara maraNa ke dhAraNe re gaDavAM vana meM jAMya / cAroM carai cahuMdasi phira, vAkI surata bacharUA mAMya // 1 // sAta pAMca saheliyAM re hilamila pANIDe jAyaM / tAlI diye khala khala ha~se, vAkI surata gagarUA mAMya || --Anandaghana pada saMgraha, avyAtmajJAna prasAraka maMDala, bambaI / 3. devagurummiya bhatto sAhimmaya saMjudesu araguratI || sammatta muvvahaMto jhANarao hoi joIso || - aSTapAhuDa, pATanI jaina granthamAlA, mArauTha (mAravAr3a) mokSa pAhuDa, gAthA 52

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 167 anurAga karane lagatA hai| badale meM vaha na dayA cAhatA hai, na prema, na anugraha / yaha vItarAgI ke prati niSkAma anurAga jaina bhakti kI vizeSatA kahI jA sakatI hai| jaina bhakta kaviyoM ne vItarAgI prabhu ko apanI prazaMsAtmaka abhivyakti dvArA prasanna kara apanA koI lAvi ka yA u..vika vArya riMddha karAne kI 3.pekSA nahIM kI hai / jainadarzana meM yaha saMbhava bhI nhiiN| saccidAnandamaya vItarAgI prabhu meM rAgAMza kA abhAva hai, unakI bhakti, stuti yA pUjA dvArA kucha bhI diyA, dilAyA nahIM jA sktaa| ve to nindA aura stuti, makti aura IrSyA donoM ke prati udAsIna haiM / phira bhI nindA yA stuti karane vAlA svayaM daNDa yA Atmika abhyudaya avazya prApta karatA hai| karmoM kA bhoktA aura kartA svayaM jIva hI hai| apane karmo kA phala to use - bhoganA hI par3atA hai| prabhu kisI ko kisI prakAra kA phala nahIM detaa| ataH jaina bhakti meM akiMcana yA nairAzya kI bhAvanA nhiiN| jAna-jyoti ke prajvalana kI yaha bhakti ArAdhaka kI AtmA meM eka svaccha evaM nirmala Ananda kI sRSTi karatI hai| jaina kaviyoM kI bhakti kA mUla mukti kI bhAvanA meM hai| karmoM se chuTakArA pA lenA hI mukti hai / 1 jaina gUrjara kaviyoM meM bhakti se mukti milane kA prabala vizvAsa mukhara huA hai| isa mukti kI yAcanA meM bhakta ke jinendramaya hone kA bhAva hai| ise lena-dena kA bhAva2 isalie bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki jinendra svayaMmukti rUpa hI haiN| jJAna kI anivAryatA bhI ina kaviyoM ne svIkAra kI hai| sAdhanA ke tIna bar3e mArga haiM-bhakti, jJAna aura karma / jAna mAnava ko usa ajJAta ke tatvAnveSaNa kI ora khIMcatA hai, karma jIvana kI vyAvahArikatA meM gUthatA hai aura bhakti meM saMsAra aura paramArtha kI eka sAtha madhUra sAdhanA kI ora pravRtti hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAdhurya ko bhakti kA prANa kahA gayA hai| bAhyAcAroM-navadhA-bhakti evaM poDagopacAra pUjA ko bhI bhakti ke aMga mAne gaye haiN| parantu bhakti kI sahaja sthiti to devatva ke prati rasapUrNa AkarpaNa meM hI hai| ataH bhakti devatatva ke mAdhurya se otaprota mana kI apUrva rasAnanda kI alaukika daNA hai| jaina-darzana meM bhakti kA rUpa dAsya, mAdhurya Adi bhAva kI bhakti se bhinna avazya hai phira bhI ina bhAvoM kI sUkSma abhivyakti ke darzana meM inameM avazya hote haiM / 1. 'vandhetvabhAva-nirjarAbhyAM kRtrana-karmakSayI mokSaH' tatvArtha sUtra, 1012-1013 / 2. A0 rAmacandra zukla ne ise lena-dena kA bhAva kahA hai, cintAmaNi prathama bhAga, pR0 205 /

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198 AlocanA-khaMDa kAraNa yaha hai ki isa prakAra kI bhakti se ArAdhaka kI AtmA apane zuddha rUpa meM pragaTa ho jAtI hai / mAdhurya, dAsya, vinaya, sakhya, vAtsalya, dInatA, laghutA Adi bhAva vaise hI sAdhAraNya meM Aye haiM jaise apane ko zuddha karane ke lie anya zuddhAtmAoM kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| ina vibhinna rUpoM meM abhivyakta, Alocya yugIna jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI bhakti-bhAvanA kA aba hama vistAra se adhyayana Age ke pRSThoM meM kreNge| jena gurjara hindI kaviyoM kI kavitA meM bhakti nirUpaNa mAdhurya bhAva : ___ gANDilya ne bhagavadviSayaka anurAga ko 'parAnuraktiH' kahA hai / 1 yaha gambhIra anugaga hI prema hai| caitanya mahAprabhu ke anusAra rati yA anurAga kA gAr3hA ho jAnA hI prema hai / 2 bhagavadviSayaka prema alaukika prema kI koTi meM AtA hai| bhagavAna ko avatAra mAnakara unake prati laukika prema kI abhivyakti avazya huI hai para yahAM alaukikatva bhAva madaiva banA rahA hai| isa alaukika premajanya tallInatA meM saMpUrNa AtmasamarpaNa hotA hai ataH dvaitabhAva kA prazna hI nahIM rhtaa| samarpaNa bhakti kA pradhAna bhAva hai| ina jaina kaviyoM ne prabhu ke caraNoM meM apane ko samarpita kiyA hai| inake samarpaNa meM eka nirAlA sauMdarya hai, jinendra ke prati prema-bhakti kI tallInatA hai| yaha vAta Anandadhana, yazovijaya, vinayavijaya, jJAnAnaMda, kumudacaMdra, ratnakIrti, zubhacaMdra Adi ke padoM meM vizeSa rUpa se dekhI jA sakatI hai| ina kaviyoM ne isa alaukika prema, tatjanya AtmasamarpaNa aura rAgAtmaka bhAva kI abhivyakti ke lie "dAmpatya rati" ko lokika AdhAra rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 'dAmpatya rati' kA artha pati-patnI ke prema se hai| prema kA jo gaharA samvanva pati-patnI meM saMbhava hai, anyatra nhiiN| isI kAraNa kAntAbhAva se ina kaviyoM ne bhagavAna kI ArAdhanA kI hai| bhakta strI rUpa hai, paramAtmA priya ( kapAya yukta jIvatatva makta hai aura kapAya mukta Atmatatva paramAtmA hai|) isa dAmpatya bhAva kA prema ina kaviyoM kI kavitA meM upalabdha hotA hai| Anandadhana ke bhagavAna svayaM bhakta ke ghara Aye haiM, bhakta ke Ananda kA pArAvAra nhiiN| Anandaghana kI suhAgana nArI ke nAya svayaM Aye haiM aura apanI 'jiyA' ko premapUrvaka svIkAra kiyA hai aura use apanI 'aMgacArI' banAyA hai| lambI pratIkSA ke vAda Aye haiM, vaha prasannatA meM vividha bhAMti ke zRGgAra karatI hai| prema, vizvAsa, rAga aura ruci ke raMga se raMgI jhInI sAr3I pahanI hai| bhakti ke raMga kI meMhadI racAI hai aura atyanta sukha dene vAlA bhAva 1. zANDilya bhaktisUtra, gItA presa, gorakhapura, 112, pR0 1 / 2. kalyANa, bhakti aMka, varSa 32, aMka 1, caitanya caritrAmRta, pR0 333 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 166 rUpI aMjana lagAyA hai| sahaja svabhAva rUpI cUr3iyAM, sthiratA rUpI bhArI kaMgana, vakSa para dhyAna rUpI uravasI (gahanA) dhAraNa kI hai tathA priya ke guNoM rUpI motI kI mAlA gale meM pahanI hai| surata rUpa siMdUra mAMga meM bharA hai aura bar3I sAvadhAnI se nirati rUpI veNI saMvArI hai| AtmA rUpI tribhuvana meM Ananda-jyoti pragaTa huI hai aura kevala jJAna rUpI darpaNa hAtha meM liyA hai| usa prakAzamAna jyoti se vAtAvaraNa jhilamilA uThA hai| vahAM se anahada kA nAda bhI uThane lagA hai / aba to use lagAtAra ekatAna se piya-rasa kA AnaMda sarAbora kara rahA hai| priya milana ke lie Atura banI suhAgina kI yaha sAja-sajjA kA rUpaka dAmpatya bhAva kA ujjvala pramANa hai / 1 kabhI bhakta kI virahiNI milanAtura banI apanI tar3aphana abhivyakta karatI hai / AnaMdaghana kI virahiNI apane kaMcanavarNI priya ke milana ke lie virahAtura ho uThI hai, use kisI prakAra kA zRGgAra nahIM bhAtA / na A~khoM meM aMjana lagAnA acchA lagatA hai na aura kisI prakAra kA maMjana yA zRGgAra / parAye mana kI athAha viraha vedanA koI svajana hI jAna sakatA hai| zItakAla meM bandara kI taraha deha thara-thara kAMpa rahI hai / viraha meM na to zarIra acchA lagatA hai, na ghara aura na sneha hI, kucha bhI ThIka nahIM lagatA, aba to eka mAtra priya Akara vAMha pakar3eM to dina rAta nayA utsAha A sakatA hai "kaMcana varaNo nAha re, mone koI melAvo; ajana rekha na AMkhar3I bhAve, maMjana gira par3o dAha re / / koI sayaNa jANe para mananI, vedana viraha athAha / thara thara dehar3I dhruje mAharI, jima vAnara bharamAha re / / -- - 1. Aja suhAgana nArI, avadhU Aja suhAgana nArI; mere nAtha Apa sudha lInI, kInI nija aGgacArI // 1 // prema pratIta rAga ruci raMgata, pahire jInI sArI / / mahiMdI bhakti raMga kI rAjI, bhAva aMjana mukhakArI / / 2 / / sahaja sumAva cUriyAM penI, dhiratA kaMkana maarii| dhyAna uravazI ura meM rAkhI, piya guna mAla adhArI // 3 // surata siMdUra mAMga raMga rAtI, nirate benI smaarii| upajI jyota udyota ghaTa tribhuvana, ArasI kevala dhArI // 4 // upajI dhunI ajapAkI anahada, jima nagAre vaarii| jhar3I sadA AnaMdaghana varasata, vanamora eka na tArI / / 5 / / Anandaghana paga saMgraha, adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maDala, bambaI, pada 20 pR0 46 /

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200 mAlocanA-khaMDa deha na geha na neha na reha na, mAve na duhaDA gaah| AnaMdadhana vahAlo vAhaDI sAhi, nizadina dharU uchAha re // 3 // "? alaukika dAmpatya prema kI abhivyakti Anandaghana ke padoM kI vizeSa bhAva sampatti kahI jA sakatI hai| priya ke pyAre ke lie priyA hamezA tarasatI rahatI hai| kamI apane para aura priya para se vizvAsa bhI uThane lagatA hai| aise samaya 'cetana' 'samatA' se kahate haiM, 'tU to merI hI hai, merI patnI hai. tU DaratI kyoM hai ? mAyA-mamatA Adi tere pratispardhI avazya hai| para ye Der3ha dina kI lar3AI meM zAMta ho jAyeMge / isa bAta meM koI kapaTa nahIM hai / 2 kavi ne aneka sundara rUpakoM dvArA pratirUpI mukta-AtmA aura patnI rUpI samatA (jIva) kA sambandha lokottara bhAva bhUmi para abhivyakta kiyA hai|3 aneka sthaloM para inakI virahAnubhUti bhI atyanta mArmika bana par3I hai / 4 kavi yazovijaya kA bhakta hRdaya bhI cetanarUpa brahma ke viraha meM vyAkulatA anubhava karatA hai| bhakta kI AtmA prema-dIvAnI vanakara piu piu kI pukAra karatI hai| vaha apanI sakhI se pUchatI hai, cetanarUpa priya kaba mere ghara AyeMge / ari ! maiM terI balayA letI hU~ tU batA de, ve kava mere ghara AyeMge / rAta-dina unakA dhyAna karatI rahatI hU~, pratIkSA karatI hU~, patA nahIM ve kaba aayeNge| virahiNI kI vyAkulatA, utkAMThA aura pratIkSA ke bhAva draSTavya haiM "kaba ghara cetana Avege ? mere kaba ghara cetana AveMge? sakhiri ! levu valayA bAra vAra, mere kava ghara cetana AveMge? rena dInA mAnu dhyAna tusADhA, kavaDaMke darasa dekhAveMge? viraha-dIvAnI phiru DhUr3hatI, pIu pou karake pokAreMge; piu jAya male mamatA seM, kAla ananta gamAvege / karUM eka upAya meM udyama, anubhava mitra bolAveMge; Aya upAya karake anubhava, nAtha merA smjhaaveNge|"5 kabhI vaha cetana rUpa brahma ke darzana ke lie lalAcita hai,6 to kabhI 'kaMta vinu kaho kauna gati nArI' samajha kara priya ko manA lenA cAhatI hai / 7 1. vahI-(dekhie pichale pRSTha pr)| 2. Anandaghana pada saMgraha, adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaI, pada 43-44 / 3. vahI, pada 30 / 4. vahI, pada 16, 36, 62 / 5. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, yazovijayajI, pR0 169-70 / 6. vahI, pR0 171 / 7. vahI, pR0 170 / - -

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jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 201 prema tatva ke pArakhI kavi jinaharSa ne bhI isI prakAra kI prema-pIr3A kA prakAzana kiyA hai / inake viraha-varNana ke prasaMga bar3e hI mArmika vana par3e haiN| virahI mana kI vibhinna dazAoM kA svAbhAvika vargana jinaharSa kI kavitA meM dekhane ko milatA hai / prema-tatva kA aisA ujjvala nidarzana kama kaviyoM ne hI kiyA hai| pAvasa Rtu hai, ghanaghora ghaTA umar3a AI hai| priya ke vinA kavi kI virahiNI AtmA tar3apa uThI hai, AMkhoM meM nIra ubhara aayaa| saMyoga kI lAlasA aura solaha siMgAra kI bAta mana meM hI raha gaI / mana akulA uThA hai, phira bhI priyA kA mana priya-caraNoM meM lipaTA huA hai / aimI viraha-dukhitA jagat meM aura koI na hogI "sakhI rI ghora ghaTA ghaharAI / prItama viNi hu~ bhaI akelI, naiNAM nIra bharAI // 1 // dekhi saMyogiNi piu saMga khelata, sola siMgAra bnaaii| mana kI bAta rahI mana hI mahaM, mana hI maI akulAI // 2 // dhana vaipArI pyArI priu kI, rahata caraNa lpttaaii| mo sI dukhaNI aura jagata meM, kahata jinaharakha na kAi // 3 // "1 viraha ke aise prasaMgoM meM kavi ke hRdaya kA bhakti-rasa mizrita mAdhurya bhAva Tapaka par3A hai| prema-natva ke gAyaka kavi jinaharpa ne apanI 'dodhaka-chattIsI' racanA meM virahI mana kI vibhinna dazAoM kA bar3A hI svAbhAvika evaM mArmika varNana kiyA hai / 2 jAnAnaMda kI virahiNI meM bhI yahI bhAva hai| priya paradeza hai, vasaMta Rtu raMga 1. jinaharSa granthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pada saMgraha, pR0 345 / jiNa dina sajjana vIchaDyA, cAlyA sIkha kareha / nayage pAvasa ulasyo, jhiramira nIra jhareha / / 1 / / sajjaNa calyA videsaDai, UmA molhi nirAza / / hiyaDA meM te dina thakI, bhAva nAhIM sAsa // 2 // jIva thakI vAlhA hatA, sajjaniyA sasaneha / ADI bhuya dIdhI ghaNI, nayaNa na * dIsa teha / / 3 / / khAvI pIvI khelavI, kAMI na * gaMmai ..mumjha / hiyaDA mAMhI rAtaM dina, dhyAna dharUM'. ika tujjha / / 4 / / sayaNA setI prItaDI, kIdhI ghaNa saneha / daiva vichoho pADiyo pUrI na par3I teha // 5 // -~-dodhaka chattIsI, vahI, pR0 117 /

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202 mAlocanA-khaMda saurabha suSamA ke sAtha khila AI hai| lAlacI priya dUra deza calA gayA hai, patra bhI eka na diyaa| nirmohI, nirdaya priya, patA nahIM kisa nArI ke prema meM phaMsa gayA hai| vasaMta mAsa kI aMdherI rAta hai, akelI kaise rahU~, kaise viraha zAMta kr| isa bhAva kA pada dekhie "maiM kaise rahuM sakhI, piyA gayo paradezo |maiN0|| ritu vasaMta phUlI vanarAi, raMga suraMgIta dezo // 1 // dUra deza gaye lAlacI vAlama, kAgala eko na aayo| nirmohI nisnehI piyA mujha, kuNa nArI lapaTAyo / / 2 / / vasaMta mAsanI rAta aMdhArI, kaise viraha bujhAyo / itane nidhi cAritra puta vallabha, jJAnAnaMda ghara Ayo // 3 // "1 vinaya vijaya kI virahI AtmA tava taka janma maraNa ke cakkara meM bhaTakatI rahegI jaba taka jIvana-rUpa usa priya ko khoja nahIM paayegii| vaha viraha divAnI banI priya ko DhUDhatI phiratI hai, sAja-sajjA tanika bhI nahIM maatii| hai merI svioN| maiM apane rUpa raMga aura yauvana se pUrNa deha vinA priya ke kise dikhaauu| maiM usa niraMjana nAtha ko prasanna karane ke lie pUrNa zRGgAra kruuNgii| hAtha meM sundara vINA lekara sundara nAda se usa mohana ke guNa gaauuNgii| priya ko dekhate hI maNi-muktAphala se thAla bhara kara unakA svAgata kruuNgii| phira prema ke pyAle aura jJAna kI cAleM caleMgI aura isa taraha viraha kI pyAsa bujhaauuNgii| priya sadA merI AtmA meM raheMge aura AtmA priya meM milegii| jyota se jyota mila jAyagI taba punaH saMmAra meM nahIM AnA par3egA / 2 yaha hai kavi kI alaukika premajanya tallInatA jahAM dvaitabhAva kA laya ho gayA hai| 1. 2. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, paM0 vecaradAsa, pR0 23 / viraha divAnI phirU huM DhUDhatI, seja na sAja suhAveMge / rUpa raMga jovana merI sahiyo, piyu vina kaise deha dikhAveMge / nAtha niraMjanaM ke raMjana ku, bota siNagAra banAveMge / kara le bInA nAda nagInA, mohana ke guna gAveMge / dekhata piyu ku maNi muktAphala, bharI bharI thAla vadhAveMge / prema ke pyAle jJAna nI cAle, viraha kI pyAsa bujhAyeMge / sadA rahI mere jiu meM piujI, piu meM jiu milAveMge / vinaya jyoti se jyota milegI, tava ihAM veha na AveMge / -vahI, pR0 40 /

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1 } jaina gUrjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA AdhyAtmika vivAha : ina kaviyoM ke AdhyAtmika vivAha ke prasaMgoM ko isI prema ke saMdarbha meM liyA jA sakatA hai / 'dIkSA kumArI' athavA 'saMyamazrI' ke sAtha vivAhoM ke varNana karane vAle kaI rAsa jaina kaviyoM ne race haiM, jinameM se kaI 'aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha' meM saMkalita haiM / isa prakara kI racanAoM meM zrAvaka RSabhadAsa kA "AdIzvara vIvAhalA' prasiddha racanA hai | bhagavAna ne vivAha ke samaya cunaDI or3hI thI, aisI cunaDI banavA dene ke lie aneka patniyAM apane patiyoM se prArthanA karatI rahI haiM / tIrthaGkaroM kI cAritra rUpI cunaDI ko dhAraNa karane ke saMkSipta varNanoM ke lie brahma jaya sAgara kI 'cunaDI gIta' tathA samayasundara kI 'cAritra cunaDI' mahatvapUrNa racanAe~ haiM / sAdhukIti kI 'cunaDI' bhI prasiddha racanA hai, jisameM saMgItAtmaka pravAha hai / kavi kumudacaMdra kRta 'AdinAtha (RSabha) vivAhaloM' racanA meM kavi ne apane ArAdhya deva kA dIkSA kumArI, saMyama zrI athavA muktiva se vivAha karAyA hai / kavi kA yaha sundara khaNDakAvya hai, jisameM vara-vadhU kA sauMdarya varNana tathA vivAha meM banI susvAdu miThAiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai / 1 nemI- vara- rAjula kA prema 203 nemIzvara evaM rAjula ke prema ke kathAnaka ko lekara ina bhakta kaviyoM ne dAmpatya rati ke mAdhyama se apanI bhakti bhAvanA kI abhivyakti kI hai| jahAM vivAha ke lie rAjula ko sajAyA gayA hai vahAM mRdula kAvyatva phUTa par3A haiM / eka tarapha vivAha maNDapama vadhU priya ke Agamana kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai, dUsarI ora nemI piMjar3oM meM vanda mUka- pazuoM kI karuNa pukAra sunakara apanI varAtaM vApasa lauTA lete haiM aura saMyama dhAraNa kara lete haiM / isa samaya rAjula ke mana meM uThI tilamilAhaTa, vyagratA evaM pati ko pAlane kI becanI Adi sUkSma bhAvanAoM kA svAbhAvika citra hemavijaya kI kavitA meM ati ho uThA hai / 2 niHsaMdeha aise citra anyatra vahuta kama milate haiM / neminAtha aura rAjula ke prasaMga ko lekara phAga kAvyoM kI bhI racanA huI hai / aise phAgoM meM saMyoga aura viyoga kI vibhinna bhAva - dazAoM ke acche varNana prApta hote haiM / vIracaMdra triracita 'vIra vilAsa phAga' ke anya sundaratam varNanoM ke sAtha rAjula - vilApa kA prasaMga bhI ullekhanIya hai / viraha kI isa mArmika dazA ke prati hara pAThaka kI samavedanA varasa par3atI hai " kanakami kaMkaNa mor3atI, mor3atI miNi siMhAra / lU catI keza kalApa, vilApa kari anivAra ||70|| 9. isI graMtha kA dUsarA prakaraNa, kumudacaMda | 2. isI graMtha kA dUsarA prakaraNa, vijaya |

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204 AlocanA-khaMDa nayaNi nIra kAjali gali, raladali bhAminI pUra / kima karU kahire sAhelaDI, vihi naDi gayo majhanAi // 71 // "? kavi samayasundara, yazovijaya, jinaharSa, dharmavarddhana, vinayacandra, kumudacanda, ratnakIrti, zubhacaMda Adi aneka kaviyoM ne nemI aura rAjula ke prema se saMbaMdhita kaI padoM kI racanA kI hai / inameM rAjula ke rUpa meM kaviyoM kI virahiNI bhakta-AtmA kI saccI pukAra abhivyakta huI hai| isI prakAra kI karuNa pukAra kumudacaMdra kI rAjula kI uThI hai| usake lie aba adhika viraha sahana karanA muzkila ho gayA hai| priya kA prema bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| tana kSaNa kSaNa ghula rahA hai, use na pyAsa lagatI hai aura na bhUkha lagatI hai / nIMda nahIM AtI aura bAra-bAra uThakara gRha kA AMgana dekhatI rahatI hai / 2 kavi ratnakoti bhaTTAraka kI ,rAjula apanI sakhiyoM se nemi se milAne kI prArthanA karatI hai aura kahatI hai, nemi ke vinA yauvana, candana, candramA Adi saba phIke lagate haiN| bhavana aura kAnana bhare mana asahya kAmadeva kA phandA hai / mAtA,pitA, sakhiyAM evaM rAtri sabhI duHkha utpanna karane vAle haiN| tuma to zaMkara kalyANakArI aura sukhadAtA ho, karma vandhanoM ko thor3A DhIlA kara do| ina bhAvoM kA eka pada draSTavya hai "sakhi ko milAvo nema nariMdA // tA vina tanaM mana yovana rajata hai, cArU candana arU candA ||skhi0||1|| kAnana bhuvana mere jIyA lAgata, dusaha madana ko phndaa| tAta mAta aru sajanI rjnii| ve ati dukha ko kandA skhi0||2|| tuma to saMkara sukha ke dAtA, karama kATa kiye mandA / / ratana kIrati prabhu parama dayAlu, sevata amara narindA ||skhi0||3||"3 phira prema kI ananyatA dekhie, rAjula ke ghara svayaM nemi Aye hai / mRganayanI rAjula utpulla ho uThI hai, prabhu kI rUpa sudhA meM sarAbora ho gaI hai 1. vahI, vIra, vilAsa phAga, vIracandra / 2. isI anya kA dUsarA prakaraNa, kumudacandra / 3. hindI pada saMgraha, saMpA0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, pR0 5 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 205 "rAjula gehe nemi Aya / / hari vaMdanI ke mana mAyaM, hari ko tilaka hari sohAya ||raajul0|| kaMvarI ko raMga harI, tAke saMga sauhe harI, tAM TaMka ko teja hari doI zravani / sakala hari aGga karI, hari nirakhatI prema bharI / tana nana nana nIra, tata prabhu avanI / / "1 kavi samayasundara ne bhI nemIzvara aura rAjula ko lekara aneka padoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai / rAjamatI ke zabdoM meM bhaktahRdaya kI tanmayatA aura tIvra anurAga ke bhAva mukharita ho uThe haiM___ "milatAM su milIyai sahI supiyArA ho, jima vApIyaDo meha; nema supiyArA ho| piu piu zabda suNI karI supiyArA ho, - Aya mile susaneha, nema supiyArA ho // 4 // hU~ sonI nI muMdaDI supiyArA ho, tU hiva hIro hoya, nema supiyArA ho| sarikhai sarikhau jau milai mupiyArA ho, " tau te sundara hoya; nema supiyArA ho // 5 // "2 rAjula ke viyoga meM 'saMvedanA' ke sthala adhika haiM / kavi ne rAjula ke antastha viraha ko svAbhAvika vANI dI hai / eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai-- "sakhi mou mohanalAla milAvai |s| dadhi suta bandhu sAmi tasu sodara, tAsu naMdana saMtAvai ||1||s0 vRSapati suta vAhana tasu vAlima, maNDana mohi DarAvai / agani sakhAripu tasu ripu khiNu khiNu, ravi suta zabda suNAvai |s0| himagiri tanayA suta tasu vAhana, tAsa bhakSaNa mohi bhAvai / samayasundara prabhu ku mili rAjula, nemi jiNada' guNa gAvai |3|s|"3 1. hindI pada saMgraha, saMpA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 8 / 2. samayasundara kRti kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, 'zrInemi jina stavana', pR0 115 / 3. vahI, zrI neminAtha gUDhA gItam, pR0 128 / /

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206 AlocanA-khaMDa dharmavarghana kI rAjula ko priya viyoga meM pala-pala varSa samAna laga rahe haiM / pAnI vinA machalI kI-sI tar3aphana anubhava kara rahI hai / rAtri meM viyogI cakavI kI bhAMti usakA citta vyAkula ho rahA hai| koyala aneka vRkSoM ko chor3a AmravRkSa kI DAla para hI ullAsa kA anubhava karatI hai / isa bhAva kA stavana dekhiye "ika khiNa khiNa prItama pakhe re lAla, varasa samAna vihAsa he shelii| pANI ke virahaiM paDyA re lAla, machalI jema murajhAya he sahelI // 3 // cakavI nisa piu sucahai re lAla, tyu mujha citta tala phAya he shelii| koDi virakha taja koilI re lAla, AMvA DAla umhAya he sahelI // 4 // "? neminAtha aura rAjula ke kathAnaka ko lekara 'vArahamAsA' bhI aneka race gaye haiM / kavi lakSmI vallabha aura jinaharSa praNIta bArahamAse uttama koTi ke haiM / lakSmI vallabha kI gnemi rAjula bArahamAsA' kRti meM prakRti ke ramaNIya sAnnidhya meM virahiNI ke vyAkula mAvoM kI mArmika abhivyakti huI hai, 'zrAvaNa kA mahInA hai, cAroM ora vikaTa ghana ghora ghaTAe~ umar3a AI haiN| mora zora macA rahe haiN| AkAga meM dAminI damaka rahI hai| kumbhasthala ke se stanoM vAlI bhAminiyoM ko priya kA saMga mA rahA hai / svAtI nakSatra kI vU'doM se cAtaka kI pIr3A dUra ho gaI hai / pRthvI kI deha bhI hariyAlI ko pAkara dipa uThI hai, kintu rAjula kA na to piya hI AyA na patra hI / "2 kavi jinaharSa ke 'nemi bArahamAsa' ke 12 savaiyoM meM sauMdarya evaM AkarSaNa parivyApta hai| zrAvaNa mAsa meM rAjula kI viraha vyathita dazA kA citra upasthita karatA kavi kahatA hai, 'zrAvaNa mAsa hai, bAdala kI ghanaghora ghaTAe~ umar3a AI haiN| vijalI jhalamalAtI camaka uThatI hai, usake madhya se vajra-sI vvani phUTa rahI hai, jo rAjula ko viSa-veli ke samAna lagatI hai| papIhA "piu-piu' pukAra macA rahA hai| dAdura aura mora bhI zora macA rahe haiN| aise samaya meM yadi nemi mila jAya to rAjula 1. dharmavardhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, 'nemi rAjamati stavana', pR0 162 / 2. umaTI vikaTa ghana ghora ghaTA cihuM orani morani sora mcaayo| camakai divi dAmini yAmini kubhaya bhAmini kupiya ko saMga bhAyo / liva cAtaka pIu hI pIDa laI, bhaI rAjaharI mui deha dipaayo| patiyAM pai na pAI rI prItama kI alI, zrAvaNa Ayo pe nema na Ayo / -nemi rAjula vArahamAsA, lakSmI vallabha, prastuta pravandha kA tIsarA prkrnn|

Page #209
jana gUrjara kaviyo kI hindI kavitA 207 atyadhika sukha anubhava kare / '1 ThIka isI prakAra pratyeka mAsa meM viraha meM uThane vAlI vibhinna bhAva-dazAoM ke uttamottama citra ina kaviyoM ne prastuta kiye haiM / vinayacaMdra, jhyAmasundara aura dharmavardhana ke 'bArahamAsa' bhI isa dRSTi se chacche kAvya haiM / ApAr3ha meM meha umar3a AyA hai, saba ke priya apane-apane ghara A gaye haiN| samayasundara kI rAjula bhI apane priya kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai / 2 'AdhyAtmika holiyA~ jana gUrjara kavi AdhyAtmika holiyoM kI bhI racanA karate rahe haiM, jinameM holI ke aMga-upAMgoM se AtmA kA rUpaka jor3A hai| aisI racanAoM meM eka vizepa AkarSaNa hai, pAvanatA bhI hai| 'phAga' saMbaka racanAoM meM yahI bAta hai| isa prakAra kI racanAoM meM lakSmIvallabha kRta 'adhyAtma phAga' mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| yaha eka sundara rUpaka kAvya hai / zarIra rUpI vRndAvana kunja meM jJAna vasanta pragaTa hotA hai / buddhi rUpI gopI ke sAtha paMca gogoM (indriyAM) kI milana-velA sajatI hai / sumati rAdhA ke sAtha Atama hari holI khelate haiM / 3 yazovijaya jI ke bhI 'horI gIta' milate haiN| eka ghana kI ghanaghora ghaTA unahI, vijurI camakaMti jhalAhalisIM / vici gAja agAja avAja karata su, lAgata mo vipa veli jisI / / papIyA piu piu raTata rayaNa ju, dAdura mora vadai ali sii| aise zrAvaNa meM yadu nemi mila, sunna hota kahai jasarAja risii| -nemi bArahamAsA, jinaharNa, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 2, pR0 1176 / 3. ApAr3ha umaTyA meha, gayA paMthi ApaNi geha / hu~ paNi joDaM priya vATa, khAMti chAuM khATa // 12 // -samayasundara kRti kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, neminAtha vAraha mAsA, pR0 121 / . 3. Atama hari horI kheliye, aho mere lalanAM sumati rAdhAjU ke sNgi| mukha surataru kI maMjarI ho, laI manu rAjA rAma, aba kau phAga ati prema kara ho, saphala kIje mali syAma / Atama0 . bajI surata kI bAMsarI ho, uThe anAhata nAdaM, tIna loka mohana bhae ho, miTa gae daMda viSAta aatm0||7|| --adhyAtma phAgu, lakSmIvallabha, prastuta prabandha kA tIsarA prakaraNa /

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AlocanA-khaMDa gIta meM kavi apane AtmArAma ko samajhAte hue kahate haiM, 'saMsAra meM mAnava janma bar3A amUlya hai, aneka puNyoM se mAnava janma milA hai| acchA avasara hai, he lAla ! tuma horI kyoM nahIM khelate | Ayu ghaTa rahI hai, adhyAtma bhAva dhAraNa karo, viSayAdi vRthA evaM mRga jala haiM / samatArUpI raMga, suruci rUpI picakArI aura jJAna rUpI gulAla me horI khelane saja jAo / kumati rUpI kulya para jhapaTa par3o aura saba milakara use zithila kara do| isa prakAra apane ghaTa meM hI phAga racAo / zama dama rUpI sAja bajAkara nirmala bhAva se prabhu guNa gAna karo aura gulAla rUpI sugandha phailAkara, nirguNa kA dhyAna karo / re mAnava alamasta bhalA kyA par3A rahatA hai| isa bhAva kA pada dekhie"ayaso dAva mItyorI, lAla kyuM na khelata horI | ayaso 0 mAmava janama amola jagata meM, so bahu puNye lahyorI; aba to dhAra adhyAtama zailI, Ayu ghaTana thorI thorI; vRthA nita viSaya ThagorI || ayaso 0 1 // samatA suraMga suruci pIcakArI, jJAna gulAla sajorI / jhaTapaTa ghAya kumati kulaTA grahI, halImalI zithila karorI / sadA ghaMTa phAga racorI || ayaso 0 2 || 208 zama dama sAja bajAya sughaTanara, prabhu guna gAna na corI / sujama gulAla sugaMdha pasAro, 'nirguNa vyAna dharorI | kavi dharmavardhana kI mAtha adhyAtma phAga kA udAtta hai- kahA alamasta paro rI || ayaso 0|| 3 || 1 'vasaMta dhamAla' bhI aisI hI racanA hai / vasaMta varNana ke sundara sumela baiThAyA hai / prasaMga bar3A hI ramaNIya evaM " sakala sRjana-sailI milI ho, khelaNa samakita khyAla | jJAna suguna gAvai gunI ho, khimArasa sarasa khusyAla // 1 // khelo saMta hasaMta vasaMta meM ho, aho mere sajanAM rAgaH su phAga ramaMta // 2 // jina zAsana vana mAhe maurI vividha kriyA vanarAya / kuzala kusama vikasita bhaye ho, sujasa sugaMdha suhAya |0||3|| kuha kI zubhamati kokilA ho, suguru vacana sahakAra | bhai mAlati zubha bhAvanA ho, : munivara madhukara sAra | | 0 ||4|| pravacana vacana picarakA vAhai yAra su pyAra lagAi / zubha guNa lAla gulAla kI ho, jhorI-bharI ati hi jhukAi ||5|| 1. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, yazovijayajI, pR0 177 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 206 vara mahimA mAdala baje ho, caturAi mukha cNg| dayA vANI Dapha vAjatI ho zobhA tatva tAla saMga khe0||6||"1 . mahAtmA Anandaghana ne ananya prema ko AdhyAtmika pakSa meM bar3e AkarSaka DhaMga se ghaTAyA hai / inhoMne AdhyAtmika kSetra meM viraha kI vividha dazAoM ke, anupama citra bhI utAre haiM / triyA virahiNI hai| pati kahIM bAhara hai| vaha binA pati ke sudha-budha kho baiThI hai / mahala ke jharokhe meM usakI AMkheM jhUla rahI haiM-pratIkSArata hai| pati nahIM AyA / aba vaha kaise jiiye| viraha rUpI bhujaMga usakI prANa rUpI vAyu ko pI rahA hai / viraha kI Aga sarvatra vyApta hai| zItala paMkhA, kumakuma aura caMdana kucha kAma nahIM de rahe haiM / zItala pavana se virahAnala bujhatA nahIM, vaha to tana ke tApa ko aura bhI bar3hA detA hai / aisI hI dazA meM eka dina holI jala utthii| sabhI phAga aura holI ke khela meM masta ho gaye / virahiNI kaise khele / usakA to mana jala rahA hai / usakA zarIra vAka hokara ur3a jAtA hai| holI to eka hI dina jalatI hai, usakA mana to pratidina jalatA hai / holI ke jalane meM eka Ananda hai aura isa tana kI jalana meM duHkha hai / he prabhu ! samatA mandira meM baiThakara vArtAlApa rasa barsAnA, maiM tumhArI bali jAtI hU~ aba itane niSThura kabhI na honA "piyA binu zuddha buddha bhUlI ho / / AMkha lagAi dukha mahala ke jharUkhe jhUlI ho / prItama prANapati vinA priyA, kaiseM jIve ho| prANa pavana virahadazA, bhuyaMgama pIve ho / gItala paGkhA kumakumA, caMdana kahA lAve ho / anala na virahAnala pera, tanatApa bar3hAve ho / / phAguna cAcara ika nizA, horI siragAnI ho / mere mana saba dina jare, tana khAka ur3AnI ho // samatA mahela virAja hai, vANI rasa rejA ho / vali jAuM Anandaghana prabhu, aise niThura na vhejA ho / / "2 sacce prema meM eka ananyatA hotI hai| usameM sarvatra priya hI priya hai / isa ananyatA evaM tallInatA kI apUrvatA Anandaghana ke padoM meM sarvatra dRzyamAna hai / 'Anandavana kI suhAgina ke hRdaya meM brahma kI anubhUti kA prema jagA hai| usakI 1. dharmavardhana granthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 64 / 2. Anandavana pada saMgraha, zrImad buddhi sAgara jI, adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaI, pada 41, pR0 116-123 / -

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210 AlocanA-khaMDa anAdikAla kI ajJAna-nIMda samApta ho gii| hRdaya ke bhItara sahaja jyoti rUpa bhakti kA dIpaka prakAzita ho gayA hai| garva gala gayA hai aura anupama vastu prApta ho gaI hai / prema kA tIra eka aisI acUka tIra hai ki vaha jise lagatA hai, vaha vahIM Dhera ho ho jAtA hai / vaha eka aisA vINA kA nAda hai, jise sunakara AtmA-rUpI mRga tinake caranA bhI bhUla jAtA hai| prabhu prema maya hai, usake prema kI kahAnI kahI nahIM jA sktii|" suhAgaNa jAgI anubhava prIta, ninda anAna anAdi kI miTa gaI nija rIti ||suhaa0||1|| ghaTa mandira dIpaka kiyo, sahaja sujyoti sarUpa / Apa parAi Apa hI, ThAnata vastu anUpa ||suhaa0||2|| kahA dikhAvu aura kU, kahA samajhAuM bhora / tIra acUka hai prema kA, lAge so rahe Dhora ||suhaa0||3|| nAda viluddho prANa kU gine na tRNa mRgaloya / Anandaghana prabhu prema kI, akatha kahAnI voya ||suhaa0||4||"1 vAtsalya bhAva bhakti-rasa kA sthAyI bhAva bhagavadviSayaka rati hai| rati ke tIna pradhAna rUpa haiM-dAmpatya aura vAtsalya aura bhagavadvipayaka / dAmpatya meM madhura bhAva, vAtsalya meM vAla-lIlA aura bhagavadviSayaka meM vinaya bhAva se sambandhita racanAeM A jAtI haiM / dAmpatya aura vAtsalya mAnava jIvana kI do pramukha vRttiyAM haiN| yoM AcAryoM ne vAtsalya ko svataMtra rasa rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, kintu usakI camatkArika zakti se prabhAvita ho kahIM-kahIM use pRthak rasa ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 2 isa dRSTi se ina kaviyoM kI kavitA meM nirUpita vAtsalya rasa ke Alambana sAdhu, siddha, AcArya, arhanta Adi, Azraya mAtA-pitA tathA anya parivArIjana aura uddIpana vibhAva ke antargata AlaMvanagata ceSTAe~ aura utsavAMdi mAne jA sakate haiN| anubhAvoM meM godI lene kA Agraha tathA najara utArane kI kriyAe~ Adi / jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA meM yathA prasaMga vAtsalya ke bhI acche varNana mila jAte haiN| janma ke avasara para hone vAle Akarpaka utsava tathA unakI 1. Anandaghana pada saMgraha, zrImad buddhi sAgara jI, adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maNDala, vambaI, pada 4, pR0 7 / 2. sAhitya darpaNa, vizvanAtha, 31251 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 211 chaTA dekhate hI banatI hai / jaina sAhitya meM to vAlaka ke garbha meM Ane ke pUrva hI kucha aise vAtAvaraNa kI sarjanA hotI rahI hai ki usake janma ke pUrva hI vAtsalya panapa uThatA hai / tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha meM Ane ke utsava manAye jAte haiM, jinheM jaina sAhitya meM 'kalyANaka' kahate haiM | inakA varNana bar3A hI anubhUti pUrNa huA hai / bAlaka RSabhadeva dhIre-dhIre bar3e hote haiM aura kaviyoM ke dvArA bAla sulabha sarala, bholI ceSTAoM kA varNana bhI hRdayakArI DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai " dina dina rUpe dIpato, kAMi vIja taNo jima canda re / sura vAlaka sAyerame, sahu sajjana mani ANaMda re / / sundara vacana sohAmaNAM, vole vAdu aDo vAla re / rimajhima vAje ghUgharI, page cAle vAla marAla re // 1 kucha kaviyoM ne apane stavanoM meM mI tIrthakaroM kI bAla lIlAoM ke vizad varNana kiye haiM / kavi jinarAjasUri ne Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke stavana meM RSabha kI sahaja krIr3AoM kA bar3A hI svAbhAvika varNana kiyA hai / isa varNana ko par3hakara mahAkavi sUra aura unake kRSNa sahaja hI smaraNa ho Ate haiM / marudevI ke mAtRhRdaya kI tathA bAlaka RSabha kI sahaja, sulabha krIr3AoM kI sarala svAbhAvika abhivyakti kA vaha stavana draSTavya hai "roma roma tanu hulasai re, sUrati para vali jAu re / kavahI mopai AIyau re, hU~ bhI mAta kahAU re ||3|| pagi ghUgharaDI ghamaghamai re, Thamaki Thamaki gharai pAu re / vAMha pakari mAtA kahai re, civukArai cipaTI dIyai re, volaii bola ju manamanA re, khelaNa Au re // 4 // godI hularAvai ura lAya re / daMtiA doi dikhAi re ||5|| * baMgU laTU pheri re / pherai nIkai ghera re // 6 // aisai dyai AsIsa re / koDAkoDi varIsa re // 10 // 2 caTaka caTapaTa cAlavai re, raMga raMgIlI cakraDI re, vahiNI lUNa utAratI re, cira jIve tU nAnaDA re, 1. " pama vivAhalA", kumudacandra, prastuta prabandha kA dUsarA prakaraNa | 2. jinarAjasUri kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 31-32 /

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212 AlocanA-khaMDa isI taraha kavi samayasundara ne bhI apane gItoM evaM stavanoM meM prabhu kI vAlakrIr3A ko bhI bhakti rUpa meM svIkAra kara vAtsalya bhAva kI sRSTi kI hai"paga ghUgharaDI dhama ghamai mhArau bAluNDau, Thama Thama melhai pAya mhArau nAnhaDiya u / hejai mAM hiyaDai bhItara mhArau bAluyaDau, ANaMda aMgi na mAya mhArau nAnhaDiyau // 3 // balihATI putra tAharI mhArau vAluyaDau, tU mujha prANa AdhAra mhArau nAnhaDiyau / "1 isa prakAra bhakti ke kSetra meM vAtsalya bhAva ke vividha pAryo aura manodagAoM ko lekara kiye gaye aneka varNana, jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA meM (muktakoM evaM caritra granthoM) aMkita haiN| inameM kAvya-sauSThava aura sarasatA hai kintu mUra-jaise manodarzana kI kSamatA nahIM A pAI hai| sakhya bhAva : prabhu kI sakhA bhAva kI bhakti meM barAbarI kA darjA mugnya hotA hai / isameM bhakta aura bhagavAna kA mitra bhAva para sthita khulA saMbaMdha nihita hai| bhagavAna ke bhI anucita yA bhramapUrNa kisI kAma kI AlocanA athavA usakA nirAkaraNa bhakta mitra bhAva se karane lagatA hai| jaina sAdhanA kI dRSTi se karma-phala se rahita vizuddha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai, jise jaina zAstroM meM siddha kahA gayA hai| jIva usI vizuddha AtmA se prema karatA hai, usI ke sAtha usakA sakhA bhAva hai| yaha Atmatatva hI 'cetana' nAma se pukArA gayA hai / yaha cetana jaba bhramavazAt ulTe rAste para calatA hai, to jIva sacce mitra kI bhAMti use sAvadhAna karatA hai aura adhyAtma jJAna kA upadeza detA hai / yagovijaya jI ne bar3e hI premapUrNa DhaMga se cetana ko upadeza diyA gayA hai ki re cetana ! tU apanI moha dRSTi kA parityAga kara jJAna dRSTi ko AtmasAta kara "cetana ! jJAna kI dRSTi nihAlo, cetn| moha-dRSTi dekhe so bAuro, hota mahA matavAlo cetnaa| moha-dRSTi ati capala karatuhe, bhava vana vAnara cAlo; yoga viyoga dAvAnala lAgata, pAvata nAhi vicAlo cetnaa2| 1. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 108 /

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jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 213 moha dRSTi mada-madirA-mAtI, tAko hota uchAlo, para-avaguna rAce so ahanizi, kAga azuci jyau kaalo|ce0|5 jJAna dRSTi mAM doSa na ete, karo jJAna aju Alo; cidAnaMda-dhana sujasa vacana rasa, sajjana hRdaya paravAlo / ce0|6"? isI taraha jJAnAnaMda ne bhI apane priya AtmarUpa ko bAhyadRSTi chor3akara antamukhI banane kI salAha dI hai / 2 vinaya vijaya ne apane AtmArAma kI udAsI kA patA lagAte hue kahA hai, ulaTa-paTala kara bhautika AzAe~ tumheM ghera rahI hai aura tuma usake dAsa vana gaye ho| rAta-dina unhIM ke bIca rahate ho, pala bhara meM tumhArI pola khula jaaygii| saMsAra meM AvAgamana kI phAMsI se mukta hone ke lie vipama viSaya kI AzA chor3a do / saMsAra meM kisa kI AzA pUrNa huI hai, yaha to durmati kA hI kAraNa hai / inakI 'sohabata' na phuTI to sanyAsI banane se kyA hotA hai| jarA hRdaya meM vicAra kara dekho ki anyoM ke cakkara meM bhaTakane se tumhArI sumati mahArAnI rUTha gaI hai| tuma mAyA meM kyA rama rahe ho, anta meM vaha tumheM chor3akara bhAga jaaygii|3 kavi dharmavardhana ne apane mana-mitra ko kitane sneha bhAva se samajhAyA hai "mAno vaiNa merA, yAro mAno vayaNA merA / saina tu moha nidrA mata sove, hai tere duzmana herA // 1 // moha vaze tu iNa bhava mAMhe, phogaTa deta hai pheraa| yAra vicAra karo dila antara, tu kuNa kauna hai terA // 2 // "4 samayasundara ne apane "jIyu" ko mana meM duHkhI na karane ke lie sAntvanA dI hai / hara paristhiti se samajhautA karane aura saMtoSa rakhane kA sarala upadeza diyA hai "merI jIyu Arati kAMi dharai / jaisA vakhata maiM likhati vidhAtA, tiNa maI ka na Tarai // 1 // "5 kavi ne priya ko bhI mitra bhAva se sambodhana kiyA hai1. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha bhAga 1, yagovijayajI, AdhyAtmika pada, pR0 160 / 2. bhajana saMgraha dharmAmRta, paM0 vecaradAsa pada 28, pR0 31 / 3. rUTha rahI sumati paTarANI, dekho hRdaya vibhaasii| mujha rahe ho kyA mAyA meM, aMta chorI tuma jAsI ho||4||" -~-bhajana saMgraha, dharmamRta, saMpA0 vecaradAsa dosI, pR0 41, bhajana 38 / 4. dharmavardhana pranthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 62 / 5. samayamundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 433 /

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214 AlocanA-khaMDa "eka vInati suNau mere mIta ho lalanA re, merA nemi su mohyA cIta ho / aparAdha binA torI prIti ho lalanA re, iha nahIM sajjana kI rIti ho // 1 // "1 isa prakAra kI bhAva rAzi anya kaviyoM meM bhI paryApta mAtrA meM mila jAtI hai| vinaya bhAva "bhagavadvipayaka rati' meM vinaya ke sabhI pada A jAte haiN| vinaya bhAva ko hI isameM laghutA, dInatA, ArAdhya kI mahattA, yAcanA, zaraNAgati, nAmasmaraNa Adi kI bhAvanA pramukha rahatI hai| isa prakAra bhaktipUrNa kAvya ArAdhya kI mahattA kI hI svIkRti hai, nijI svArthaparatA kA lavaleza bhI nahIM / 16 vIM zatI ke jaina gUrjara kavi brahma jinadAsa bhagavAna se na to mokSa kI yAcanA karate haiM aura na bhautika vaibhava kI hii| ve to mAtra niSkAma sevA kA avasara bhara DhUMr3hanA cAhate haiM / 2 ArAdhya kI sevA meM bhakta ko Ananda milatA hai| anya jIva bhI jaba isa sevA meM pravRtta hote haiM to bhakta parama Ananda kI anubhUti karatA hai / kavi kuzala lAbha ne prabhu kI sarvavyApakatA, mahAnatA, dAnazIlatA aura udAratA svIkAra kara unakI aparampAra mahimA gAI hai| unhoMne kahA hai, 'he bhagavAna ! isa pRthvI para, samudra meM tathA jahAM akhaNDita sura calate rahate haiM aise vyoma meM sarvatra hI asaMkhya daidIpyamAna dIpa kA-sA tumhArA yaza phailA huA hai| asura, indra, nara, amara vividha vyantara aura vidyAdhara tumhAre caraNoM kI sevA karate haiM aura nirantara tumhArA jApa karate haiN| he pArzvajinendra ! tuma sampUrNa vizva ke nAtha ho aura apane sevakoM kI manokAmanAoM ko cintAmaNi ke samAna pUrA karate ho| tuma sampatti dene vAle ho aura vItarAgI mArga bhI prazasta karate ho / 3 ina kaviyoM kA vizvAsa rahA hai ki bhagavAna ke caraNoM kI sevA karane se ananta guNoM kA prasphuTana ho jAtA hai / riddhi-siddhiyAM milatI haiM aura cirakAla taka 1. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 124 / 2. teha guNa meM jANI yA e, sadguru tANI psaavto| bhavi bhavi svAmI sevamue, lAgu saha guru pAya to // ---AdipurANa-brahma jinadAsa, Amera zAstra bhaMDAra kI prati / 3. gaur3I pArzvanAtha stavanam, kuzala lAma, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 216 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 215 paramAnanda kA anubhava hotA rahatA hai| kavi jinaharSa ne prabhu ke darzana se pApa dUra ho jAne aura ananta Ananda prApta hone kI bAta bar3e sahaja DhaMga se kahI hai . . "dekhyau Rpama jinanda tava tere pAtika dUri gyo| prathama jinaMda canda kali sura-tarU kaMda / ' sevai sura nara inda Ananda bhayo // 1 // "1 sevA janya Ananda ina kaviyoM ke jIvana kA carama lakSya banA rahA hai| ArAdhya bhI kama dayAlu yA udAra nahIM, vaha to apane bhakta ko bhI apane samAna banA detA hai| aise 'dIna dayAlu' kI sevA kI AkAMkSA kA saMvaraNa bhalA bhakta kaise kara sakatA hai "vRpama jina sevo bahu sukhakAra / parama niraMjana bhava bhaya maMjana saMmArArNavatAra |vRssbh0||1||"2 zubhacaMdra Adi puruSa, Adi jinendra ke caraNoM meM apanI vinIta-bhAvanAoM kI zraddhAMjali arpita karate hue kahate haiM "Adi puruSa bhajo Adi jineMdA / / sakala surAsura zepa suvyaMtara, nara khaga dinapati sevati caMdA // 1 // juga Adi jinapati bhaye pAvana, patita udAraNa nAbhikha ke nNdaa| , . dIna dayAla kRpA nidhi sAgara, pAra karo adha timira dineMdA // 2 // kevala jJAna the sava kA jAnata, kAha kahU prabhu mo mati mNdaa|| dekhata dina-dina caraNa saraNate, vinatI karata yo sUri zubha caMdA // "3 dInatA evaM dAsatA prabhu ke prati utpanna bhakta ke hRdaya kI dAsatA sAtvika hotI hai / usameM bhautika svArtha kI gaMdha nhiiN| jaina bhakta kavi apane prabhu kI dAsatA meM apanA jIvana yApana karane kI nirantara utkaMThA karate rahe hai| yahAM dInatA kA artha dhidhiyAnA nahIM, svArthajanya cApalUsI nahIM, apitu apane ArAdhya ke guNoM se prabhAvita vinamra yAcanA karanA hai| ise niSkAma bhakti kI hI eka dazA kaha sakate hai| dIna bhakta apane prabhu se yAcanA bhI karatA hai to svAbhimAna ke saath| kavi jinaharpa prabhu ke dAsa banakara 1. jinaharpa graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, cauvIsI, pR0 1 / 2. hindI pada saMgraha, saMpA. DaoN0 kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, pR0 3 / 3. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 164 /

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216 bAlocanA-khaMDa dInadayAla se apane uddhAra kI vinatI karate haiM, avicala sukha kI yAcanA karate haiM, para eka svAbhimAna ke sAtha , "jiva vara aba mohi tArau, dIna dukhI huM dAsa tumhArau | dInadayAla dayA karI mosu itanI araja karU prabhu tosu || 1 || tAraka jau jaga mAMhi kahAvau, tau mohIM apaNai pAri rahAvau / apanI padavI donI na jAI, tau prabhu kI kaisI prabhutAI ||2|| iha lokika sukha mere na cahiye, avicala sukha de avicala rahiye / kyA sAhiva mana mAMhi vicAra, prabhu jinaharakha araja avadhArau ||3||" ? eka anya pada meM kavi apane uddhAra kI prArthanA karatA huA 'jiNaMdarAva' se kahatA hai, 'hai jiNaMdarAya ! tuma mujhe tAra do / karuNA sAgara mujha para karuNA kara, bhavasAgara pAra utAra do| tuma dInadayAla ho, kRpAlu ho, kRpA kara mere karmoM kI ora mata dekho| tuma to bhaktavatsala ho, phira bhakta para dayA karane meM vicAra kaisA / he prabhu itanI prArthanA karatA hU~ ki zaraNAgata-tAraka kI bar3I upAdhi lekara mujhe mana TAla denA / jagat ke svAmI se jinaharSa vinatI karatA hai, prabhu AvAgamana ke cakkara kA nivAraNa karo / 2 kavi Anandavardhana prabhu ke caraNoM ke dAsa bane hue haiM, ve unase eka kSaNa bhI vilaga honA nahIM cAhate / apane sarala, vinIta svara meM kahate haiM, 'mere mana meM nirantara prabhu caraNoM meM rahane kI bar3I Aza hai, eka pala bhara ke lie bhI maiM unheM chor3anA nahIM cAhatA / prabhu tuma jaisA cAho vaise rakho, maiM to tumhAre caraNoM kA dAma | duniyA ke pAgala logoM se kaise kahU~ -- merA dila to prabhu se ekatAra ho gayA hai / mere mana kI gati eka mAtra tU hI jAnatA hai, aura koI jAnane vAlA nahIM / he prabhu merA tumhAre sAtha hI prema hai, tumhArI dayA vanI rahanI cAhie aura manohara prabhu nirantara pAsa raheM, yahI merI araja hai / " 3 kavi samayasundara prabhu se svAmI aura sevaka kA saMbaMdha jor3ate hue prabhu ke caraNoM kI vaMdanA karate haiM-- 1. jinaharNa graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pada saMgraha, pR0 348 / 2. jiNaMda rAya hamakuM tAra-tAra | karuNA sAgara karuNA karakaDa, bhavajala pAra utAra // 1 // dIna dayAla kRpAla kRpAkara, kurama nahaMna nihArau / bhagatavachala bhagatana ku upara karata na kAhe vicAra ||2|| itanI araja karUM hU~ prabhu su, padakaja thaI mata TArau | kahai jinaharakha jagata ke svAmI, AvAgamaNa nivArau ||3|| - jinaha graMyAvanI, saMgA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pada saMgraha pR0 349 // Anandavardhana pada prastuta prabaMtra kA tIsarA prakaraNa |

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"namunamunami jina caraNa torA, hUM sevaka tU sAhiba morA // 1 // jau tU jalaghara tau hUM morA, . jau tU caMda tau hU~ bhI cakorA // 1 // saraNai rAkhi karai krama jorA, samayamundara kahai itanA nihorA // 3 // "1 upAlaMbha : rAta dina svAmI kI samIpatA se sevaka kI jaise kucha dhar3aka khula jAtI hai, usI prakAra prabhu ke nirantara dhyAna-sAnnidhya kI anubhUti se utpanna mIThe upAlaMma bhI bhakta-hRdaya se svAbhAvika rUpa se nisRta ho jAte haiN| apanI sevaka janya zAlInatA kA dhyAna rakhate hue kavi kumudacaMdra ne kitanI saralatA evaM svAbhAvikatA se apane prabhu ko bahuta kucha kaha diyA hai "prabhu mere tumakuM aisI na cAhie / maghana vidhana gherata sevkkuN| mauna gharI kiuM rahiye ||prbhu0||1|| vidhana-harana sukha-karana sbnikuN| citta ciMtAmani kahiye / / azaraNa zaraNa abaMdhu baMdhu kRpAsiMdhu ko virada nibahiye // prabhu0 // 2 // hama to hAtha vikAne prabhu ke| aba to karo soI sahiye // , to phuni kumudacandra kaI zaraNA gati ko sarama ju jahiye ||prbhu0||3||"2 dIna bhakta apane dInabandhu se kisa svAbhimAna se yAcanA karatA hai aura mIThe upAlaMbha rUpa kyA kyA kaha jAtA hai dekhie-3 "jo tuma donadayAla kahAvata // hamase anAthani hIna dIna kU kAhe na nAtha nivAjata / " - - 1. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, namijina stavana, pR0 12-13 / 2. kumudacaMdra prastuta pravandha kA dUsarA prakaraNa / 3. hindI pada saMgraha, saMpA0 kasturacanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, pR0 13-15 /

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218 "nAtha anAthani kU kucha dIjai / virada saMbhArI dhArI haTha manateM, kAhe na jaga jasa lIjai / " usa ananta premI kI ulTI rIta dekhakara mahAtmA Anandaghana kI virahiNI mI upAlaMbha kA avattara DhUMr3ha nikAlatI hai AlocanA-khaMDa "prIta kI rIta nahIM ho prItama / maiM to apano sarava zRGgAro, pyAre kI maiM vasa piya ke piyasaMga aura ke, yA gati upagAri jana jAya manAvo, jo kachu bhaI isI taraha lAlavijaya ke 'neminAtha dvAdaza mAsa' meM rAjula mIThA upAlaMbha detI huI apane priya se pUchatI haiM, agara yahI hAlata karanI thI to sambandha hI kyoM jor3A / upAlaMbha kA kauzala dekhie . na lAI ho / pro0 // 1 // : kina sIkhaI // so bhaI ho || prI0 // 2" ? AMna nIsAna "tume Agi asAr3hami kyoM na lIyA varataM tuma kAhi ku barAta 'bulAi, chappana koDa jure vaMsa bajAi / saMga samudra vijai balIbhadra murAra kI nemi piyA aba Avo ghare ina bAtana tohi lAja na meM kaho kona AI, baDhAi || 1 || 2 kavi vinayacaMdra 'neminAtha gIta' meM prabhu ko upAlaMbha dete hue kahate haiM, 'hai nemi ! tuma mukti rUpI ramaNI para mohita ho rahe ho, para usameM svAda kahAM ? aMta meM usa sthiti ko bhoganA hI hai, abhI yaha bAlakapana chor3a do / ' 3 kavi samayasundara apane 'karatAra gItam' meM isI taraha kA upAlaMbha dete hue prabhu se pUchate haiM, 're prabhu tU kRpAlu hai ki pApI hai, terI gati kA patA nahIM calatA / '4 zrImad devacaMdra ne apanI cauvIsI meM eka tarapha prabhu ko mIThA upAlaMbha diyA hai to dUsarI ora vinamra banakara prabhu se dayA yAcanA kI hai| unhoMne kahA hai, 'prabhu mujhe apanA sevaka samajhakara tAra do, 1. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, avyAtma jJAna prasAra ke maNDala, vambaI, pada 66, pR0 300 / 2. lAlavijaya, nemidvAdazamAsa, jaina-gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaMDa 1, pR0 166-70 / 3. nemajI ho mugati raMmaNi mohyA tumheM ho rAjiM, piNa tiNa meM nahi svAda / nemajI ho teha anante bhogavI ho rAji, choDau chokaravAda / " - vinayacaMdra kRtaM kusumAMjali, saMpA0 bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, pR0 60 doi batiyAM re 1 torI gatiyAM re // 1 // 4. kabahu milai mujha karatArA, tau pUcheM tU N kRpAla ki tU hai pApI, lakhi na sakU ----samayasundaraM kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 443 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 216 kama se kama jagat meM itanA to yaza le lo| sevaka avaguNoM se bharA huA hai, phira bhI use apanA samajha kara he dayAnidhi isa dIna para dayA kro|"1 lavutA aura sva-doSoM kA ullekha bhakta hRdaya meM ArAdhya kI mahattA ke anubhava ke sAtha dInatA aura laghutA kA AbhAsa hotA hI hai| isa taraha kI anubhUti sAtvika hI hai| laghutA evaM sva-doSa varNana pUrita Atma-nivedana ahaMkAra ko naSTa kara vinaya bhAva ko jagatA hai / tulasIdAsa kI vinaya patrikA isakA ujjvala pramANa hai / ina kaviyoM ne bhI isa prakAra kI anubhUti abhivyakta kI hai| mahAtmA Anandaghana kA hRdaya apanI laghutA meM hI ramA hai| bhakta premikA banakara ArAdhya ke Ane kI pratIkSA karatA huA kahatA hai-"maiM rAta-dina tumhArI pratIkSA kara rahA hU~, prabhu tuma kaba ghara aaoge| tumhAre lie to mere jaise lAkhoM haiM, parantu mere lie to tuma eka hI ho| joharI lAla kA mUlya AMka sakatA hai, kintu merA lAla to mUlyAtIta hai| jisake samAna dUsarA koI nahIM, usakA mUlya bhI kaise ho sakatA hai|"2 mahAtmA Anandaghana ne latA, svadoSa-varNana, Atmanivedana, dAsatA, upAlaMbha Adi ke bhAva eka sAtha saMjoye hai| kavi ne prema bhakti ke Aveza meM prabhu ko mIThI cunautI dI hai-unhoMne kahA hai, "prabhu tuma patita uddhAraka hone kA dAvA -- karate ho, yaha kyA. saca hai ..yA nazA pIkara . kahate ho.? kAraNa ki aba taka mere jaise pAnI kA binA uddhAra kiye isa prakAra kA viruda kaise prApta kara sakate ho / mujha krUra, kuTila aura kAmI kA uddhAra karo tava hI patita uddhAraka ke viruda ko satya mAna makatA huuN| Apane aneka patitoM kA uddhAra kiyA hogA para mere mana to Apa binA karanI ke hI kartA bana baiThe ho| ekAdha kA to nAma batAo, jhUThe viruda dharane se kyA hotA hai| Age aura batAte hai-niTapa ajJAnI pApI aura aparAdhI yaha dAsa hai, aba apanI lAja rakhakara tathA samajhakara ise sudhAra lo| ".... he prabhu jo bAta bIta gaI so bIta gaI, aba aisA na kara isa dAsa ke uddhAra meM tanika bhI dera na kro| 1. tAra ho tAra prabhu mujha sevaka bhaNI, jagatamAM eTalu sujasa lIje / dAma avaguNa bharyo jANI potAtaNo, dayAnidhi dIna para dayA kIje / / " ___-~zrImad devacaMdra, cauvIsI, prastuta prabaMdha kA tIsarA prakaraNa / 2. niza dina joU tArI vATar3I, ghare Avo re DholA / mujha sarikhA tuja lAla hai, mere tumhI amolA ||1|| javharI mola kare lAla kA, merA lAla amolaa| . jyAke paTantara ko nahIM, usakA kyA molA // 2 // -Anandaghana pada saMgraha, pada 16, pR0 37 /

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220 AlocanA-khaMDa sevaka kA uddhAra karanA ApakA kartavya hai| aba to Apake dvArA yaha 'DhIMga dAma' hai, use apanA banA lo| he prabhu aba apane dAsa ko sudhAra lo Apako bAra-bAra kyA kahanA / he AnandarUpa paramAtmA Apa apane nAma kI parama rIti kA nirvAha kiijie|"1 prabhu se bhakta kA jaba isa prakAra kA mIThA saMbaMdha jur3a jAtA hai taba vaha apanI laghutA ke sAtha apanA hRdaya kholakara apane doSoM-pApoM kA itihAma bhI unake sammunva rakha detA hai| isa bhAMti vaha apane pApoM ko galAkara ArAdhya kI mamIpatA evaM vizakhatA kA AbhAsa pAtA hai| mahAtmA Anandadhana bhI nizchala bhAva se apane doSa darzana meM laga gaye haiN| zarIra kI bhUkha miTAne ke lie unhoMne kyA kyA nahIM kiyA / "toye kAraNa meM jIva saMhAre, bole jUTha apAre / corI karI paranArI sevI, jUTha parigraha dhAre // "2 isI taraha kavi kumudacaMdra apane kie hue kAryoM kI AlocanA karate hue kahate haiM, "maiMne vyartha hI manuSya janma kho diyaa| japa, tapa, vrata Adi kucha na kiyA aura na kucha kAma hI kiyaa| kRpaNa hokara dina pratidina adhika jor3ane me hI lagA 1. hari patika ke udhArana tuma, kahi so pIvata mAmI / mosU tuma kaba udhAro, krU ra kuTila kAmI / aura patita kaii udhAre, karanI vinu karatA / eka kAI nA leu, jUThe viruda - dharatA / nipaTa ajJAnI pApakArI, dAsa hai aparAdhI / jAnU jo sudhAra ho, ava nAtha lAja saadhii| gaI so to gaI nAya, phera nahiM kIje / dvAre rahyo DhIMga dAsa, apano kari lIje / dAsa ko sudhAra lehu, bahuta kahA kahiye / Anandaghana para rIta, nAuM kI nivahiye / -Anandaghana pada saMgraha, adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maMDala, bambaI, pada 63, pR0 274 / 2. vahI, prastAvanA, pR0 185 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 221 rahA, dAna bhI na de skaa| kuTiloM kI saMgati ko acchA samajhA aura sAdhuoM ko saMgati se dUra rahA / "1 kavi kizanadAsa kA Aladainya unake hRdaya kA bAMdha tor3akara sahaja bhAva se phUTa par3A hai| bhakta prabhu ke samakSa apane samasta pApoM kI tathA nAsamajhI kI svIkRti kara letA hai aura nizchala bhAva se kisI bhI taraha apane ko nibAha lene kI vinatI karatA hai "jJAna kI na gUjhI zubha dhyAna ko na suujhii| khAna-pAna kI na bUjhI aba eva hama mUjhI hai / mujhaso kaThora guna-cora na harAma khora / tujhaso na aura Thaura aura daura cUMhi hai| apanI-sI kIje mere phaila paina dila diijeN| kizana nivAhi lIje jo pai jyU hi kyuhi hai / / mer| mana mAni Ani Thaharayo ThikAneM aba / terI gati tuhi jAne merI gati tU hi hai / / 61 // "2 kavi jJAnavimalasUri ke dila se atyadhika pazcAtApa uTha rahA hai ki unhoMne jovana vyartha bitA diyaa| jisase saMgata karanI cAhie thI usakI saMgati nahIM kI, usase prema nahIM kiyA, usake raMga meM na raMgA, use bhoga nahI lagAyA / saba kucha parAyoM ke artha karatA rahA aura dara-dara bhaTakatA rahA / 3 kavi jinarAjasUri ne bhI khule dila se tathA nizchala bhAva se apanA doSa-darzana aura pazcAtApa kA bhAva vyakta kiyA hai| unhone kahA hai, maiMne kabhI prabhu kA dhyAna nahIM kiyA / kaliyuga meM avatAra lekara karmo meM phaMsA rahA aura aneka pApa karatA rahA / bacapana bhaTakane meM, yauvana bhoga - 1. maiM to nara bhava bAdhi gamAyo / / na kiyo tapa japa vrata vidhi sundara / / .......... kAma bhalo na kamAyo / / virala kuTila zaTha saMgati baittho| sAdhu nikaTa vighttaayo| -kumudacaMdra rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 272 / 2. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara, upadeza bAvanI, pR0 182 3. vAlamIyAre virathA janama gamAyA / para saMgata kara dara visi bhaTakA, parase prema lagAyA / parase jAyA para raMga mAyA, paraku bhoga lagAyA // 1 // -~-jJAnavimalasUri, prastuta prabandha kA tIsarA prakaraNa /

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222 AlocanA-khaMDa vilAsa meM aura bur3hApA indriyoM kI zithilatA meM yoM hI bIta calA / dharma kA marma nahIM pA sakA aura sAMsArika lAbhoM kA piMDa banA rhaa| phira bhI prabhu ne apanI udAratA evaM bhaktavatsalatA kA paricaya dekara mujhe apanA liyA / 1 ArAdhya kI mahattA : bhakta kI apanI laghutA kI svIkRti ke sAtha hI ArAdhya kI mahattA jur3I huI hai / ise svIkAra karake hI bhakta ke hRdaya meM zraddhA-bhAva jagatA hai| upAsya ke guNoM kI carama anubhUti pUjya aura pUjaka ke bheda ko laya kara detI hai| ArAdhya kI mahattA aneka DhaMga se nirUpita kI jA sakatI hai| sUra aura tulasI ne apane-apane ArAdhya kRSNa aura rAma ko anya devoM se bar3A batAyA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI apane jinendra ko bar3A mAnakara apane ArAdhya ke prati ananya bhAva hI prakaTa kiyA hai| jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ne apane devoM ko bar3A to batAyA hai / kintu anyoM ko burA nahIM khaa| __ ArAdhya kI mahimA kI anubhUti bhakta-hRdaya ko punIta aura ArAdhyamaya banA detI hai| kavi jinaharpa ne apanI isa anubhUti ko vyakta karate hue kahA hai, "bhagavAna AdinAtha kI sevA, sura, nara, indra Adi sabhI karate hai| unake darzana mAtra se pApa dUra ho jAte haiN| kaliyuga ke lie ve kalpavRkSa kI bhAMti haiN| sArA saMsAra unake caraNoM meM nata hai| unakI mahimA aura kIrti kA koI pAra nahI / sarvatra unakI jyoti jagamagA rahI hai| saMsAra-samudra ko pAra karane ke lie ve jahAja-rUpa haiN| unakI chavi mohinI aura anupa hai, rUpa adbhuta hai aura ve dharma ke sacce rAjA haiM / netra jaise hI unake darzana karate haiM unameM sukha ke bAdala barasa par3ate haiN|"2 kavi yazovijayajI apane ArAdhya "jinajI" kI adbhuta rUpa-mahimA kI AnandAnubhUti vyakta karate hue kahate haiM "devo bhAi ajava rUpa jinajI ko| unake Age aura sabana ko, rUpa lage mohi phIko // locana karUnA amRta kacole, mukha sohe atinIko / kavi jama vijaya kahe yo sAhiba, nemajI tribhuvana TIko // "3 kavi candrakIrti ne kahA hai, "jisa dina jinavara ke darzana ho jAte hai, vaha dina cintAmaNi ke samAna dhanya ho uThatA hai| vaha suprabhAta dhanya hai java kamala kI taraha 1. jinarAjasUri kRta kusumAMjali, pR0 62, 63 / 2. jinaharpa graMthAvalI, sapA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, cauvIsI, pR0 1 / 3. gUrjara sAhitya sagraha, bhAga 1, yazovijayajI, pR0 85-86 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 223 pramudita mukha ke darzana ho jAte haiM, unake vacana amRta se bhI mIThe haiN| jinavara ke darzana kara janma saphala ho jAtA hai, unake mIThe guNoM ke zravaNa se karNa saphala hote hai| aise jinavara kI jo pUjA karatA hai vaha dhanya hai / he jina ! tumhAre vinA dUsarA koI deva nahIM, jinake darzana se 'mugati' rUpa svarga mila jAtA hai| aise prabhu ke caraNoM meM candrakIrti nata-mastaka hote haiM / "1 kavi samayasundara kA bhakta-hRdaya prabhu ke ananta, apAra guNoM kI mahimA gAtA huA tRpta nahIM hotA hai / ve kahate haiM, 'prabhu tumhAre guNa ananta aura apAra hai| sura, guru Adi apane sahastroM 'rasanA' se tumhArA guNagAna kareM taba bhI unakA pAra nahIM A sakatA / tumhAre guNoM kI ginatI karanA AkAza ke tAre ginanA hai, athavA sumeru parvata kA bhAra vahana karanA hai| carama sAgara kI lahareM unake guNoM kI mAlA phera rahI hai, phira bhalA unake guNoM kA aura koI kaise vicAra kara sakatA hai / maiM unakI bhakti aura guNa kA kyA bakhAna karUM, 'suvidha jina' ananta sukha dene vAle hai| he svAmI ! tuma hI eka mAtra AdhAra ho / "2 kavi varmavardhana ke mana meM 'prabhu kI sevA hI saccI miThAI aura mevA hai| puSpa kalI jaise sUrya ko dekhakara ullasita hotI hai aura hAthI ko jaise revA nadI se rAga hotA hai, usI prakAra kI lagana prabhu se laga gaI hai| prabhu mahAna hai, vaha sarvaguNa sampanna hai aura asIma sAmarthyavAna bhI hai| prabhu-pArasa ke sparza se mAnavAtmA rUpI lohA bhI svarNa bana jAtA hai| usa svarNa sundarI ko maiM apane dila se pala bhara ke lie bhI kaise dUra karUM?"3 kavi lakSmIvallabha ne 'Rpama jina stavana' meM kahA hai, prabhu ke darzanoM se merA jIvana pavitra ho gayA hai aura parama Ananda kI anubhUti huI hai| "vaha ananta anAdi brahma sarvavyApI hai, mUrkha use samajha nahIM pAte / vaha saMtoM kA pyArA hai / parama AtmarUpa, pratipala pratibimbita se brahma ko mUratI' hI jAna sakatI hai| aise jina rAja kI pUjA karatA huA kavi divya anubhava-rasa meM magna hai|"4 nAmajapa - - - - - ... jinendra ke nAma-japa kI mahimA jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ne sadaiva svIkAra kI hai| sUra aura tulasI kI mAMti ina kaviyoM ne bhI sthAna-sthAna para bhagavAna ke nAma kI mahattA kA bhAvapUrNa nirUpaNa kiyA hai| inakI dRSTi meM jinendra kA nAma lene se 1. candrakIrti pada, prastuta prabandha kA dUsarA prakaraNa / - 2. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, suvidhi jina stavana, pR0 7 / 3. dharmavardhana granthAvalI, pR0 88 / lakSmIvallama, RSabhajinastavana, cauvIsI, jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno, bhAga 1, .pR0 266 /

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224 bAlocanA-khaMDa sAMsArika vaibhava to milate hI haiM, unake prati AkarSaNa bhAva bhI prApta hotA hai aura jIvana mokSa gAmI hotA hai| nAma-japa se cakravartI kA pada prApta karanA to AsAna hai / isa prakAra nAmajapa se ihaloka aura paraloka donoM hI sughara jAte haiN| __kavi kumudacandra ne apane 'marata vAhubali chanda' ke prArambhika magalA-caraNa meM AdIzvara pramu kA nAma mAtra lene se saMsAra kA cakra ( janma-maraNa kA cakkara ) chUTa jAne kI bAta kahI hai / 1 kuzala lAma ne paMcaparameSThI ke nAma kI mahimA gAte hue kahA hai ki 'navakAra' ko japane se saMsAra kI saMpattiyAM to mila hI jAtI haiM, zAzvata siddhi bhI prApta hotI hai 12 zrI yazovijayajI ne 'Anandadhana aSTapadI' meM batAyA hai ki 'are cetana ! tU saMsAra ke bhramajAla meM kyoM phaMsA hai| bhagavAna jinendra ke nAma kA smaraNa kara / sadguru kA bhI yahI upadeza hai| "jinavara nAmasAra maja Atama, kahA bharama saMsAre / suguru vacana pratIta bhaye tava, Anandadhana upagAre / / "3 / kavi jinaharSa ne bhI prabhu ko bhajane kI salAha dete hue kahA hai, 're prANi ! yadi tU mana kA saccA sukha cAhatA hai to ava uTha, prAtaHkAla ho gayA hai| pramu kA bhajana kara ! Alasya chor3akara jo 'sAhiba' ko bhajatA hai, usakI samasta AzAe~ pUrNa hotI haiM "bhora bhayo uThi majare pAsa / jo cAhai tU mana sukha vAsa / Alasa taji bhaji sAhiba kuu| kahai jinaharSa phalai ju Asa ||||"4 1. paNavivi pada AdIzvara kerA, jeha nAmeM chUTe bhava pherA / -bharata bAhubali chanda, kumudacaMdra, padya .1, prazasti saMgraha, jayapura pR0 243 / 2. nitya japII navakAra saMsAra saMpati sukhadAyaka; middhamaMtra zAzvato ima jaMpe zrI jaga nAyaka / -navakAra chanda, kuzala lAbha, antima kalaza, jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 216 / 3. Anandavana aSTapadI, ya govijayajI, Anandaghana vahattarI, rAmacandra graMthamAlA, bmbii| '.. - 4. hindI pada saMgraha, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, pR0 336 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 225 kavi jinaharSa ne cauvIsI tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA karate hue kahA hai, 'cauvIMsoM jinavara sukha ko dene vAle haiN| mana ko sthira kara zuddha bhAva se prabhu kA kIrtigAna karatA huuN| jisakA nAma kalpavRkSa ke samAna vara dAyaka hai, jinheM praNAma karane se navanidhiyAM prApta hotI haiM / 1 kavi vinayacaMdra kI prabhu se cAtaka-jaladhAra ko sI prIti jur3a gaI hai| dila meM prabhu kA nAma nizi-dina aisA to basA huA hai jaise vakSasthala para hAra par3A rahatA hai "jAsauM prIti lagI hai aisI, jyoM cAtaka jala dhAra / dila meM nAma vasa tasu nisadina, jyu hiyarA bhaIhAra // 3 // "2 kavi vinayavijaya prabhu se na daulata kI kAmanA karate haiM aura na viSaya sutrAdi kii| unake lie 'ATho yAma' prabhu kA nAma hI 'jiuM' ko raMjana karane vAlA hai "dolata na cAhuM dAma, kAmasuna mere kAma / / nAma tero AMTho jAma, jiu ko raMja he // 1 // "3 kavi samayasundara bhI antaryAmI jinavara ko japane kI salAha dete haiM, kyoMki covIsa tIrthaGkara tribhuvana ke dinakara haiM, unakA nAma japane se navanidhiyAM prApta hotI haiM "jIva japi japi jinavara antarayAmI / RSama ajita saMmaba abhinandana / cauvIsa tIrthaMkara tribhuvana dinakara, nAma japata jAke navanidhi pAmI // "4 - jinavara cavIse sukhadAI / ' .. bhAva bhagati dhari nija mana sthira karI, kIrati chana zuddha gaaii| jAkai nAma kalpavRkSa sama vari, praNAmati navanidhi pAI // " -jinaharSa cauvIsI. jinaharSa grNthaaNvlii| vinayacandra kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 mavaralAla nAhaTA, 'zrI pArzvanAya stavanam' pR0 70 / 3. bhajanasaMgraha dharmAmRta, saMpA0 paM0 becaradAsa, majana naM0 31, pR. 34 / ... 4. samayamundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 argaracanda nAhaTA, "zrI vartamAna cauvIsI stavana', pR0 1 /

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226 AlocanA-khaMDa guru bhakti : bhakti ke kSetra meM guru kA bar3A mahatva hai| sAdhaka guru ko lekara hI apanI bhakti-yAtrA Arambha karatA hai / zuddha bhAva se guru meM anurAga karanA hI guru-bhakti hai / 'guru meM anurAga' kA tAtparya-guru ke guNoM meM anurAga karane se haiM / vaise sabhI sampradAyoM aura santoM ne guru kI mahattA kA pratipAdana kiyA hI hai aura guruviSayaka rati ke udAharaNa bhaktikAla ke prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM kI kavitA meM prApta hai / tulasI ne guruviSayaka rati bhAva kI abhivyakti meM kahA "bandI guru pada paduma praagaa| suruci suvAsa sarasa anuraagaa|"1 - kabIra Adi saMtoM ne guru ko govinda se bhI zreSTha batAyA hai,2 kyoMki unheM vizvAsa thA ki "hari rUThe guru Thaura hai, guru rUThe nahiM Thaura / " jaina sAhitya meM bhI guru kA vizeSa mahatva hai| ina kaviyoM ne satguru kA mahatva nirvivAda aura avikala rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| yahAM guru aura brahma meM bheda nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 3 inhoMne arhanta aura siddha ko bhI 'satguru' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| jaina AcAryo ne paMca parameSThI (arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ) ko paMcaguru kahA hai| kavi cataramala ne paMcaguruo ko praNAma karane se mukti milane kI bAta kahI hai / 4 jaina kavi sacce arthoM meM guru bhakta the| unhoMne batAyA hai ki jaba taka guru kI kRpA nahIM hotI taba taka vyakti mithyAtva rAgAdi meM phaMsA huA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai sad aura asad tathA jar3a aura cetana meM antara nahIM kara paataa| ataH vaha 'kutIryo' meM ghUmatA rahatA hai aura dhartatA karatA rahatA hai / jaina AcAryoM ne 'guru' ko mokSa mArga kA prakAzaka kahA hai|5 1. rAma carita mAnasa, tulasIdAsa, bAlakANDa, prArambhika maMgalAcaraNa / 2. guru govinda doU khar3e kAke lAgUpAya / valihArI guru Apane jina govinda dayo vatAya / / -kabIra-gurudeva ko aga, saMta sudhAkara, viyogIhari saMpAdita 14 vI sAkhI, pR0 120 / 3. cidrapacitA cetana re sAkhI paramabrahma / paramAtmA paramaguru tihAM navi dIsiyamma / / -~-tatvasAra dUhA, zubhacandra, mandira DholiyAna, jayapura kI prati / 4. lahahi mukati duti duti tira, paMca parama guru tribhuvana sArU / / nemIzvara gIta-catarUmala, AmerazAstra bhaNDAra kI prati, maMgalAcaraNa / 4. "guru bhaktisaMyamAbhyAM ca taranti saMsArasAgara ghoram / " - daza bhakti : AcArya kundakunda, prAkRta AcArya bhakti, kSepaka zloka, pR0 214 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM ko hindI kavitA jaina sampradAya meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra 'naya' kI dRSTi se guru do prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM / vyavahAra guru kI bAta to Upara ho cukI hai / nizcaya guru apanI AtmA hI hotA hai / Atmaguru kI vANI antarnAda kahalAtI hai jo kabhI-kabhI sunAI bhI par3atI hai| AcArya pUjyavAda ne 'samAdhitaMtra' meM kahA hai-- 'AtmA hI dehAdi para padArthoM meM Atmabuddhi se apane ko saMsAra meM le jAtI hai aura vahI AtmA apapane Atma meM hI Atma-buddhi se apane ko nirvANa meM le jAtI hai / ataH nizcaya naya buddhi se AtmA kA guru AtmA hI hai, anya koI nahIM / " 1 jIva apanI mUr3hatA vaza isa Atmaguru ko pahacAna nahIM pAtA / yaha rahasya jAnanA pratyeka sAdhaka kA kartavya hai / 227 jaina kaviyoM kI guru bhakti meM anurAga ko paryApta sthAna milA hai / inhoMne guru ke milana aura viraha donoM ke gIta gAye haiM / guru ke milana meM ziSya ko saMpUrNa prakRti lahalahAtI huI dikhAI detI hai aura viraha meM vaha samUce vizva ko udAsIna dekhatA hai | upAdhyAya jayasAgara kI 'jinakuzala sUri caupaI' kuzala lAbha kI 'zrI pUjya vAhaNa gItam', sAdhukIrti kI 'jinacandra sUri gItam' Adi kRtiyAM anurAgAtmaka guru bhakti kI ujjvala pratIka haiM / kavi samayasundara apane guru rAjasiMhamUri kI anurAga - bhakti kI bhAva-vibhorAvasthA meM kaha uThe the--- " merA Aja kA dina dhanya hai / he guru ! tere mukha ko dekhate hI jaise merI samUcI puNyadazA sAkSAta ho gaI / he zrI jinasiMhasUri / mere hRdaya meM sadaiva tU hI rahatA hai aura svapna meM bhI tujhe chor3akara anya koI dikhAI nahIM detA / mere lie tuma kumudinI ke candra samAna ho, jisako kumudinI dUra hote hue bhI sadaiva samIpa hI samajhatI hai / tumhAre darzanoM se Ananda utpanna hotA hai, mere netra prema se bhara jAte haiM / prANa to sabhI ko pyArA hotA hai, kintu tuma mujhe usase bhI adhika t priya ho "Aja ku dhana dina merau / punya dazA prakaTI aba merI, pekhatu guru mukha terau || zrI jinasiMhasUri tuhi mere jIu meM, supanai maI nahIya anero / kumudinI candra jisau tuma lInau, dUra tuhI tumha nerau || naryathAtmAtmeva janmanirvANamevaca / guru rAtmAtmanastasmAnnAyo'sti paramArthataH // 75 // -- mamAdhitantra-- AcArya pUjyapAda, paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra saMpAdita, 1939 I0 /

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tumhArai darasaNa , ANaMda upajatI , nayana ko prema nayeu / / samayasundara" kahai saba kucalama, jIutu tina thA adhikarau // 3 // "? zrI kugala lAma ne AcArya pUjyavAhaNa kI bhakti meM usI prakAra kI naramatA kA paricaya diyA hai kavi ne liyA hai, " ApATa ne Ate hI dAminI abukane lgii| komalAMgI apane priya kI bATa johane lgii| cAtaka madhura dhvani meM" pITa pIra karane lagA aura sarovara barasAta ke vipula jala se bhara gaye / isa avasara para mahAna zrI pUjyAvAhAraNajI zrAvakoM ko muga dene ke liya prambAvanI meM Aye / ve dIkSA-ramanI ke sAtha ramaNa karate haiM aura unameM hara kisI kA mana baMdhakara raha jAtA hai| unake pravacana meM kucha aisA AkarSaNa hai ki use sunakara vRkSa bhI jhUma uThe haiM, kAminI-kokila guru ke hI gIta gAne lagI hai, gagana gUja uThA hai aura mayUra tathA nakora nI prasanna hokara nAca uThe hai / guru ke dhyAna meM snAta hokara zItala havA kI lahareM bahane lagI hai| guru kI kIrti aura muyaza se hI sampUrNa saMsAra mahaka rahA hai| vizva ke sAto kSetroM meM karma utpanna ho gayA hai| zrI guru ke prasAda se sadA sukha utpanna hotA hai|" "Avyo mAsa asADha jhavUke dAminI re|| jovai jovai prIyaDA vATa sakomala kAminI re // " sAte kSetra suThAma mudharma ha nIpajai re| zrI guru pAya prasAda madA mukha mapajai re / / "2 sAdhukIrti kI " jinacandasUri gItAni " meM guru kI pratIkSA kI vecanI propitpatikA kI ve nI ho uThI hai / kavi ne kahA hai," he sakhi / mere lie to vata hI atyadhika sundara hai, jo yaha batA de ki hamAre guru kisa mArga se hokara padhAreMge zrI guru sabhI ko suhAvane lagate haiM aura ve jisa pura meM A jAte haiM, umakI to mAno zobhA hI zobhA ho jAtI hai / unako dekhakara hara koI. jayajayakAra kiye binA nahI rahatA / jo guru kI AkAja ko bhI jAnatA hai, vaha merA sAjana hai| guru ko dekhakara aisI prasannatA hotI hai jaise candra ko dekhakara cakora ko aura sUrya ko dekhakara koka ko / guru ke darzanoM se hRdaya santuSTa, puNya puSTa aura mana pramanna hotA hai. he nidvandvI 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, jinasiha sUri gItam, 7vAM padya saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 126 2. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, zrI nAhaTA saMpAdita, " zrI pUjyavAhaNa gItam" kuzala lAbha, padya 61-64, pR0 116-117 -_Sa Kh. 2.3 ityuvAca - 2 ) K... priyadarzanAM.

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226 jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA zrI jinacandra ! pramodI hokara zIghra A jAo, tumhe dekhakara merA hRdaya jaise anirvacanIya-rasa kA Ananda le utthegaa|" 1 pratIkSA kI vahI vecainI aura vyAkula anunaya vinaya kavi samayasundara ke zabdoM meM dekhie ."guru ke darasa a~khiyA~ mohi tarasai / ____ nAma japata rasanA sukha pAvata sujasa suNata hI zravaNa sarasai // 1 // zrI jinasiMhasUri AcArija, vacana sudhArasa mukhi varasai / samayasundara kahai avahu kRpA kari, nayaNa saphala karau nija darasai // 3 // "2 kavi ke zabdoM me guru dIpaka hai, candramA hai, rAstA batAne vAlA hai, para japakArI hai, mahAna hai, tathA" ghATa utArane vAlA hai / 3 kavi dharmavardhana ne jinacandrasUri kI vadanA kahA hai"jiNacada yatIzvara vaMdana ko, nara nArI naresara Avata hai / varaM mAdala tAla kaMsAla bajAvata, ke guru ke guNa gAvata hai / bahu motIya tandula thAla bhare, - nita sUhava nAri badhAvata hai / dharmamIu kahai paccharAja ku vaMdata, puNya udai sukha pAvata hai / / 4 // "4 ina kavigoM kI bhAvukatA guru ke prati bhI, bhagavAna kI bhaoNti hI mukhara uThI hai| ziSya kA viraha pavitra prema kA pratIka hai / ata: ina kaviyoM ne brahma rUpa me hI 1. vahI, zrI jindrasUri gItAni- sAdhukIti, pR0 61 2. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali,saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, " zrI jinasiMhasUrigItAni, __gIta 22, pR0 366 3. ,guru dIvau guru candramAre, guru. dekhAui vATa, guru upakArI guru vaDAre, guru utArai dhATa / " jinacandra sUri gIta, samayasundara kRta kusumAjali . 4, dharmavardhana prathAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, "gurudega stavanAdi, pR0236-40 -

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bAlocanA-khaMDa guru kA dhyAna kiyA hai / maTThAraka mubhacandra kA kahanA hai satguru ko mana meM dhAraNa kiye vinA zuddha cipa kA dhyAna karane se bhI kucha nahIM hotA 11 kuzala lAbha apanI sthUlabhadra chattIsI meM guru sthalibhadra ke prasAda se "paramasukha ko prApti 2 tathA" zrI pUjyavAhaNa gItam" meM zuddha mana pUrvaka gurU kI sevA karane se zivasukha ko upalabdhi hone kI bAta kahate haiM | 3 230 vicAra pakSa sAmAjika yathArthAkana, yadyugIna sAmAjika samasyAeM aura kaviyoM dvArA prastuta nidAna : ina jaina-gurjara hindI kaviyoM kA mukhya hetu vairAgya, adhyAtma evaM bhakti kI triveNI bahAnA rahA hai / ataH ye kavi tatkAlIna samAja kI avasthA evaM usake rIti-rivAjoM kI ora vizeSa lakSya nahIM rakha sake haiM / phira bhI inakA kAvya loka-jIvana tathA jana-sAdhAraNa se bilakula bhinna nahIM hai / inakA sAmAjika jIvana se prabhAvita honA tathA inakI abhivyakti meM sAmAjika rIti-nIti kA prativimba par3anA atyaMta svAbhAvika hai / saMvat 1687 meM gujarAta meM bhayaMkara duSkAla par3A thA, jo " satyAsIyA duSkAla" ke nAma se prasiddha hai / kavi samayamundara ne usakI dayanIyatA evaM bhayaMkaratA kA sajIva varNana" satyAsIyA duSkAla varNana chattIsI" meM kiyA hai / akAla ke kAraNa annAbhAva, samAja kI durdazA, sarvatra bikharI lAzoM evaM usakI duragaMdha, guru, sAbu evaM AcAyo kA bhI dharma aura kartavya se parAgamukha hone evaM jana sAdhAraNa kI trAhi-trAhi kI pukAra ko kavi ne vANI dI hai / sAmAjika jIvana kI asta vyastA kA sarala rAjasthAnI bhASA meM citra khIMcatA huA kavi kahatA hai "mAMTI mukI bahara, mukyA bairai paNi mAMTI, beTe mukyA bApa, catura detAM je cAMTI | 1. tatvasAra dUhA, bhaddAraka zubhacandra, TholiyAna maMdira jayapura kI prati / 2. sthUlabhadra chattIsI, kuzala lAbha, pahalA padya, rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI khoja. agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 105 3. dila dina mahotsava atighaNA, zrI saMgha bhagati suhAya / mana zudhi zrI guru sevI yaha, jiNI sevyas ziva sukha pAI // "zrI pUjya vAhaNA gItam " kuzala lAbha, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, agaracanda nAhaTA, sampAdita, pR0 115

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 231 - bhAI mukI bhaiNa, bhaiNi piNa mukyA. bhAi, . . . adhiko vhAlo anna, gai sahu kuTumba sagAi / "1 - isI taraha kavi ne,, mRgAvatI caupAI" tathA anya" paurANika caritra" varNana ke prasaMgoM meM apane yuga ke miti citro, vezabhUpA striyoM kI AbhUSaNa priyatA, gUrjara deza kI nArariyoM kI manovRtti Adi kA sundara citraNa huA hai / inake kucha zRgAragItoM meM tathA" cAritya cunaDI" meM usa yuga ke cunI, kuNDala, cUDA; hAra, nakhaphUla, vindalI kaTimekhalA, cUnaDI, neurI Adi AbhUSaNoM kA ullekha huA hai| isI taraha amayacanda racita", cUnaDI" meM tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita vividha vyaMjana evaM sAdhana-sAmagrI kA acchA paricaya hai / kavi kumudacandra kRta" RSama vivAhalo" meM bhI usa yuga kI vividha prakAra kI miThAiyoM kA ullekha huA hai| __kavi jinarAjasUri ne samAja-jIvana kI viSamatAoM kI ora nidarzana karate hue use" karama" kI alakha-agocara gati mAna kara saMtopa kara liyA hai| kyoMki usakI gati ko koI samajha nahIM sakA haiM - "pUrava karma likhita jo sukha-dukha jIva lahai niradhArajI, udyama koDi karai je to piNa, na phalai adhika lagAra jii| . eka janama lagi phirai kuArI, eke re doya nAri jI / eka udara bhara janmai kahIi, eka sahasa AdhAra jI // "2 isI prakAra kI sAmAjika viSamatAoM kA pratyakSa anubhava kavi dharmavarddhana bhI kiyA thA "Rddhi samRddhi rahai eka rAjI su, eka kara hai ha hAMjI haaNjii| . eka sadA pakavAna arogata, eka na pAvata bhUkho bhI bhAjI // " samAja aura usakI paristhiti se pratyeka yuga kA kavi yA yogI prabhAvita hotA AyA hai / sAmAnya vyakti samAja ke Age apanA vyaktitva davA letA hai, jabaki prabhAvazAlI vidvAna use apane aMkuza meM rakhate haiN| phira bhI usakI rIti-nIti se prabhAvita to Avazya hote rahate hai| 1. satyAsIyA duSkAla vargana chattIsI, samayasundara kRti kumumAMjali, saMpAdaka * - - agaracanda nAhaTA,-pR0.503 -- ... ... .... . 2, jinarAjasUri kRti kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 63. 3. dharmavarddhana graMthAvalI, agaracaMda nAhaTA, dharma vAvanI, pR0 4 -

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aratant-khaMDa isa yuga ke kaviyoM ne apane yuga ke samAja kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa kara usake anurUpa utthAna kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai / apane upadeza, AcaraNa, evaM caritra kathAtmaka vyAkhyAna athavA sAhitya dvArA samAja ko naitika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika cetanA ko bala dete rahe haiM / inake caupAI - rAsAMdi graMthoM meM jIvana ke svastha citra bhI Aye haiM / mahAnaMdagaNa ne apane "ajanA sundarI rAsa" meM aMjanA ko samAjajIvana ke prati AsthAvAna batAkara vItarAgI prabhu se prema karane kI bAta batAI hai| yAtrA evaM saMgha varNanoM meM bhI ina kaviyoM ne samAja ke nara-nAriyoM meM tIyoM ke prati umar3atA apAra sneha aura unake madhura, svastha bhAMvamIne citra prastuta kiye haiM / jinarAjamUri kRta "zrI giranAra tIrthayAtrA stavana" par3hane se aisA lagatA hai mAno yAtriyoM kA eka dala umar3atA huA calA jA rahA hai / bahina dvArA bahina ko eka madhura bhAvabhInA AmaMtraNa diyA jA rahA hai 232 "morI bahinI he bahinI mhArI / mona adhika uchAha hai, hAM cAlau tIratha bheTivA // saMvegI guru sAtha hai, hAM teDIjai dukha bheTivA // 1 // car3hi gar3ha giranAra hai, hA sAthai sahiyara jhUlaraja / sAji vasana zRMgAra hai, hAM gali jhavau maka thUla rau || 2 || 1 mahAtmA Anandaghana ke kAvya maiM bhI usa yuga kA samAja pratibimbita hai / inake stavanoM se patA calatA hai ki sAveza dhArI logoM ko kisa { prakAra chalate the, mRSA upadeza dete the aura apanI mahimA bar3hAte the / 2 aise samaya kavi ne apane asAdhAraNa jJAna bala evaM paripakva vicAroM se samAja kA saccA pathapradarzana kiyA / uya yuga meM eka ora sAdhuoM ke mRSA upadeza aura pravaMcanA kA jAla phaila rahA thA to dUmarI ora dharma ke gacchabheda aura matamatAMtaroM meM bhrAMta samAja kiMkartavyavimUr3ha-sA bana gayA thA / samAja meM ADambara evaM viSayAsakti kA jora thA / 3 aneka kaviyoM ne samAja meM varNa aura jAti kI mAnyatA ko vyartha maan| hai | kaviM zubhacaMdra ke vicAra meM sabhI jIvoM kI AtmAeM samAna hai / AtmA meM kamI bAha yatvaM yA zudratva praveza nahIM kara sakatA / kavi ne likhA hai "uccanIca nIvi appA huvi, - karma kalaMka taNo kI tu soi / 1. jinarAjasUri kRti kusumAMjali, agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 42 2. AnaMdaghana cauvIsI, svAmIsImaMdharA vinatI / 3. vahI, anaMtanAtha stavana, prakA0 bhImasI mANeka, bambaI / SK1.2.3 yazavAna 4 ) KO AtirAvAM

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA baMbhaNa kSatriya vaizya na zudra, appA rAjA navi hoya kSudra 70 // "1 " kavi yazovijaya ne bhI eka sacce saMta kI bhAMti nIca kulotpanna ke lie bhI siddhi kA mArga khulA batAyA hai aura samasta jAtiyoM ko samAja meM eka samAna mAnA hai "kahai ju tatra samAdhi te, jAti liMga nahi heta, caMDAlika jAti koM, kyoM nahi mukti saMketa ? guNa-thAnaka pratyaya miTa, nIca gotra kI lAja, darzana jJAna - caritra ko, saba hI tulya samAna / "2 dharma ke nAma para samAja meM aneka bAha ya ADambara aura pAkhaNDa bar3ha gaye the| saMtoM kI taraha ina jaina kaviyoM ne bhI unakA khaNDana kiyaa| kavi yazovijaya jI ne likhA hai, saMyama, tapa kriyA Adi sava zuddha cetana ke darzanoM ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai, yadi unase darzana nahIM to ve saba mithyA hai| antaracita ke bhIge vinA darzana nahI hote / jaba taka antara kI "lau" zuddha cetana meM na hogI, UparI kriyA kANDa vyartha haiM "tuma kArna saMyama tapa kiriyA, kaho kahAM loM kIje / tuma darzana binu saba yA jhUThI, antara citta na. bhIje / "3 kavi udayarAja ne mokSa - prApti ke lie jaTA bar3hAne yA sira muMDAne ke virodha meM kahA hai, antaHkaraNa kI zuddhatA bar3I cIja hai, bAhyADambaroM se lakSya siddha nahIM hotaa| ziva-giva kA uccAraNa karane se kyA hotA hai, yadi kAma, krodha aura chala ko nahIM jItA / jaTAoM ko bar3hAne se kyA hotA hai, yadi pAkhaNDa na chodd'aa| mira mur3Ane se kyA hotA hai, yadi mana ko nahIM mUhA / isI prakAra ghara-bAra chor3ane se kyA hotA hai, yadi vairAgya kI vAstavikatA ko nahIM smjhaa|4 kavi samaya sundara ne bhI mukti ke lie citta zuddhi ko sarvoparitA dI hai| bAha yAcAra bhale nibhAoM para unameM lakSya taka pahuMcAne kI sAmarthya nahIM "eka mana muddhi vina kou bhugati na jAi / / mAvaDaM tU keza jaTA dhari mastika, bhAvai tu muDa muDAi / / 1 / / 1. "tatvamAra dUhA", zubhacaMdra, TholiyAna maMdira, jayapura kI prati / 2. dikpaTa caurAmI bola, yazovijaya jI, gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, pR0 560-61 3. bhajana maMgraha, dharmAmRta, paM0 becandAsa, pR0 54 / 4. guNa bAvanI, udayarAja, prakaraNa 2

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234 AlocanA-khaMDa bhAvai tU bhUkha tRSA sahi vana riha, bhAvai tU tIratha nhAI / bhAvai tU sAdhU bhekha dhari bahu pari, bhAvai tU bhasama lagAi // 2 // bhAvai tU par3hi guNi vedapurANa, bhAvai tU bhagata kahAi / samayasundara kahi nAca kahUM guNa, dhyAna niraMjana dhyAi // 3 // "1 isI taraha eka anya jagaha para kavi kI sarvadharma samabhAva mayI saMtavANI sphurita huI hai, jisameM samAja meM pracalita vAha yAcAroM kI jhAMkI to milatI hI hai kavi ne sarala bhAva se apanA niSpakSa, udAtta vicAra bhI prastuta kara diyA hai "kolo karAvau muMDa-muMDAvau, jaTA gharau ko nagaka rahau ! ko tappa tapau paMcAgani, sAghau kAsI karavata kaSTa sahara / ko bhikSA mAMgau bhasma lagAvau mauna rahau bhAvai kRSNa kahau / samayasundara kahai mana suddhi pAkhai, mugati sukha kimahI na lahau // 16 // "2 kavi yazovijaya jI ne bhI isa prakAra ke vAha yAcAroM kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai "muMDa muMDAvata sabahi gaDariyA, hariNa rojha vana dhAma / jaTA dhAra vaTa bhasma lagAvata, rAsama sahatu he ghAma // aite para nahIM yoga kI racanA, jo nahi mana vidhAma / citta aMtara parake chala ciMtavi, je kahA japata mukha rAma // "3 kavi jinaharSa bhI vAhyADambara ke kaTTara virodhI the| unakI dRSTi se sira muDAnA, jaTA dhAraNa karanA, keza cana karanA; digamvara saba vyartha hai / inase mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI / mokSa ke lie jJAna anivArya hai / 4 kavi kiganadAsa bhI bAhyADambaroM kI vyarthatA siddha karate dikhAI dete hai / 5 isa prakAra ye kavi apane maulika ciMtana aura AcAra dvArA anapar3ha mithyADambaroM meM pravRtta samAja meM sAhitya-sAdhanA, jIvana sAdhanA aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI cetanA jagAte rahe / inakA kAvya jahAM eka ora laukika Ananda pradAna karane meM samartha haiM vahAM yaha AdhyAtmika AnaMda se bhI pAThaka-zrotA ko parilupta karatA hai| 1. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 434 / 2. vahI, pR0 518 / 3. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, paM0 becaradAsa, pR0 53 4. jasarAja vAvanI, jinaharpa grathAvalI, pR0 62-63 5. ambAzaMkara nAgara, gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, pR0 160

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jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 235 vArmika vicAra : dhArmika sahiSNutA udAra asAmpradAyika dharmatatva kI jahA bAta hotI hai, vahAM do vastueM mukhya rUpa se AtI haiM- eka vyavahAra aura dUsarA vicAra / vyavahAra kI dRSTi se to ina vItarAgI kaviyoM ne apanI vItarAgitA kA ujjvala pramANa diyA hI hai| sabhI kavi jaina dharmAvalaMbI yA dIkSA prApta kavi haiN| ataH inakI dRSTi ke samakSa jaina dharma mukhya hai / parantu sampradAya mUlaka dharma lakSya prApti kA sAdhana hai, sAdhya nhiiN| jo sAdhya ke najadIka pahuMcAte haiM, aise sabhI dharma usa "eka" meM laya ho jAte haiN| isa sthiti para jisa dharma kI abhivyakti hotI haiM vaha asAmpradAyika, udAra aura vizvajanIna hotI hai / isa sthiti kA vAstavika anubhava mahAtmA AnaMdaghana kara sake the, yahI kAraNa hai ki inhoMne dharma vizeSa meM mAnya kisI eka hI devatA ko nahIM mAnA, inakI dRSTi meM rAma, rahIma, mahAdeva, pArzvanAtha aura brahmA meM koI bheda nahIM hai, ye mava eka akhaNDa AtmA kI khaNDa kalpanAeM hai| jaise eka hI mRtikA bhAjana-bheda se nAnA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai, ThIka hI eka AtmA meM aneka kalpanAoM kA AropaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha jIva apane pada meM rame tava rAma; dUsaroM para dayA dRSTi barasAye taba rahIma, karma karatA hai taba kRSNa aura java nirmANa prApta kare tava mahAdeva kI saMjJA se abhihita hai| apane zuddha AtmarUpa ko sparza karane se pArasa aura brahya kA sAkSAtkAra karane se ise brahma kahate hai| AtmA svataH cetanamaya aura "niHkarma" "rAma kaho rahemAna kaho kou, kAna kaho mahAdeva rI, pAramanAtha kaho kou brahmA, sakala brahma svayameva rI / bhAjana bheda kahAvata nAnA, eka mRtikA rUpa rI / taise baMDa kalpanA ropita, Apa akhaMDa svarUpa rii| nija pada rame rAma so kahie, rahima kare rahemAna rii| karaze karma kAna mo kahie, mahAdeva nirvANa rI // parase rUma pArasa so kahie, brahma cinhe so brahma rI / isa vidha sAdho Anandadhana, cetana maya niHkarma rI // "? mahAtmA Anandadhana kI taraha brahma kI ekatA yA sabhI dharmoM ke devoM ke prati samAna bhAva kI abhivyakti kavi yazovijaya jI na isa prakAra kI hai 1. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, pada 67 vAM

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AlocanA-khaMDa "tu puruSottama tuhi niraMjana, tu zaMkara vaDa bhAga / tu brahmA tu buddhi mahAbala, tuhi deva vItarAga // "? jJAnAnaMda jI ne bhI sarvatra isI prakAra kI udAratA evaM amAmpradAyikatA kA paricaya diyA hai "avadhU vaha jogI hama mAne, jo hamaku savagata jAne / brahmA viSNu mahesara hama hI, hamaku Imara mAne // 1 // "2 kavi guNa vilAsa ne bhI apanI "cauvIsI" racanA meM udAra, samadargI evaM sarva dharma mamanvayI vicAradhArA abhivyakta kI hai / "Rpabhajina stavana" meM kavi prabhu kI stuti karatA huA kahatA hai "Adi anAdi puruSa ho tumhI viSNu gopAla, ziva brahmA tumhI meM saraje, mAjI gayo bhrama jAla // "3 khaNDana-maNDana kI pravRtti dhArmika kSetra meM yaha pravRtti mUlataH do rUpoM meM AI hai--- (2) bAhyADambage ke virodha rUpa meM tathA (1) anya sampradAyoM ke virodha rUpa meN| (1) bAhyADambage kA virodha : kavi jJAnAnada ne kabIra kI taraha dharma ke kSetra meM mithyA bAhyAcAroM kA khaMDana kiyA hai| hindU aura islAma dono dharmAvalaviyo kI kavi ne khabara lI hai| paramAtmA ke sacce rUpa ko na kisI ne jAnA hai aura na kisI ne batAyA hai| yogI nAma dhAriyoM kI khabara lete hue kavi ne kahA hai - "jaTA vadhArI bhasma lagAi, gaMgAtIra rahAyA re / Uradha vAha AtApanA lei, yogI nAma dharAyA re // " brAhmaNa paMDitoM ke lie kahA hai "zAsatara par3hake jhagar3e jIte, paMDita nAma rahAyA re // " mIyA aura sunniyoM ko bhI kavi ne nahIM chor3A hai--- "sunnata karace allA baMde, sIyA sunnI kahAyA re / vAko rUpa na jAne koI, navi kei batalAyA re // "4 kavi yazovijaya ne dhArmika vAhyAcAra ko adharma kA kugati kahA hai1. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, pR0 56 / 2. vahI, pR0 12 / 3. cauvIsI - vIsI saMgraha, prakA0 ANaMdajI klyaannii| 4. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, pR0 21 /

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jaina mUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA "vAhya kriyA kare kapaTa kelave, phira ke mahaMta kahAve,. pakSapAta kabahu nahi chor3a, unaku kumati bolAve // 1 mahAtmA Anandaghana jI bhI loga dharma tatva ke vAstavika sparUpa ko nahIM samajha pAye haiM aura bAhyAcAra meM hI lIna haiM aise logo kI yathArthatA dikhA kara apanI dharma sahiSNutA kA paricaya dete haiM / kavi ne kahA hai, "he avadha ! jagat ke prANI mukha se rAma nAma gAte haiM, para usa rAma ke alakSya rUpa ko pahacAnane vAle to virale hI haiM / vibhinna matAvalaMbI apane apane mata athavA dharma meM hI masta haiM, maThAdhArI apane maTha meM Asakta haiM, jaTAdhArI apanI jaTA meM, pAThAvArI apane pATha meM aura chatradhArI apane chatra meM hI garama rahate haiM / " "avadhU rAma rAma jaga gAve, viralA alakha lagAve || avadhU0 matamAlA to mata meM tAtA, maThavAlA maTharAtAH / jaTA jaTAdhara paTA paMTAghara, chatA chatAvara tAtA // 2 . 237 (2) anya sampradAyoM kA virodha : kavi yazovijaya jI me zvetAmbarI jainatva kA bhAva pravala rahA hai / unake "davATha caurAsI bola" kRti meM digambara dharma mAnyatA ke prati virodha ina zabdoM meM vyakta huA hai-. " jaina kahAvaiM nAma taiM, tAtai vaDhyo aMkUra | tanumala jyauM phuni saMta ne kiyoM dUra teM dUra // bhasmaka graha raja bhasamamaya, tAteM besara rUpa / , uThe "nAma adhyAtamI", bharama jAla aMdha kUpa // 3 isI taraha "jina" nagnatA ke viSaya meM kahA haiM "nagana dazA jinavara dharai nagana dikhAvai nAhiM / aMbara hari khaMdhe dharai ucita jAni mana mAhi // 4 ina vicAroM meM sAmpradAyikatA kA bhAva pravala hai / kavi ne zivasukha prApti ke lie jai dharma kA sAra grahaNa karane jI salAha dI hai 1. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 166 2. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maMDala, bambaI, pada 27 3. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 573-74 4. vahI, pR0 183

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238 ___ AlocanA-khaMDa "ziva sukha cAho to, bhajI dharama jaina ko sAra, gyAnavaMta guru pAya ke, saphala karo avatAra // "1 kavi ne sacce jaina kI vyAkhyA kI hai tathA jaina ke viziSTa tatvoM kA nirUpaNa kara "jaina dazA jasa UMcI" vatAyA hai / 2 nidAna : kavi jinaharSa ne batAyA hai, loga dharma dharma cillAte haiM, para usakA sahI. marma nahIM samajhate / nidAna rUpa kavi paramparAgata rUDhiyoM kA virodha kara dharma kA vAstavita svarUpa batAte hue usameM jJAna aura dayA kI AvazyakatA para bala dete haiM- . "dharama dharama kahai marama na kou lahai, bharama meM bhUli rahe kula rUDha kiijiye| kula rUDha chori kai bharama phaMda tori ke, sugati mori ke sugyAna dRSTi kIjiye / dayA rUpa soi dharma tai kaTa hai karma, bheda jina dharama pIuSa rasa pIjiye / "3 kavi dharmavarddhana ne dharma dhyAna meM lIna rahanA sadaiva ucita mAnA hai "ghara mana dharma ko dhyAna sadAi / narama hRdaya kari narama viSaya meM, karama karama dukhadAi // dharama zrI garama krova ke ghara meM paramata paramate lAi / paramAtama sudhi parama puruSa maji, hara ma tu harama parAi / / carama kI dRSTi vicAra mata jourA, bharama re mata bhAi / sarama badhAraNa sarama ko kAraNa, dharamaja dharama sI vyAi // "4 . inhoMne zuddha dhArmika bhUmikA ke binA mAlA ke manake phirAne kI vyarthatA batAte hue kahA haiM"karake maNike tajika kA hI aba, pherahu re manakA manakA / "5 1. vahI, pR0 115 2. gurjara nAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 153-54 3. jinaharpa dhAvalI, upadeza vAvanI, pR0 115-16 4. varmavarddhana graMthAvalI, pR0 13 5. dharmavaddhana, thAvalI, dharma vAvanI, pR0 13

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 236 kavi jJAnAnaMda ne sacce dharmAcaraNa ke lie jJAnarUpa AntaSTi kI AvazyakatA para bala dete hue kahA hai "jJAna kI dRSTi nihAlo, vAlama, tuma saMtara dRSTi nihAlo / bAhya dRSTi dekhe so mUDhA, kArya nahi nihAlo / gharama dharama kara ghara ghara bhaTake, nAhi dharama dikhaalo|"1 prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM ne apanI apanI kRtiyoM kA zubhArambha bhI dhArmika audArya evaM zAMtiparakatA ke pratIka "OMkAra kI mahimA", "sarasvatI stuti", "guru vaMdanA" athavA tIrthakaroM kI vaMdanA ke sAtha kiyA hai| sArAMzataH ina kaviyoM ne apane dhArmika vicAroM meM atyadhika udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai| inake sAhitya meM prANi-mAtra ke prati dayA, samabhAva, udAratA evaM Atma kalyANa ke sAtha janahita kI bhAvanA Adi dharma ke mUla tatva nihita hai| vItarAgitA bhAvagamya hai, vaha mana meM apane sacce rUpa meM udbuddha hotI hai, usake lie sanyAsI, sAyu, virakta yA vanavAsI banane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| bhautika vAsanAoM ko nirmUla karanA pahalI garta hai / inake nirmUla hote hI tyAga evaM sanyAsa svataH A jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se grahasthAzrama meM rahakara bhI vyakti saccI dhArmika bhAvanA hRdayaMgamakara sakatA hai| dArzanika vicAra : jaina-darzana meM tatva-ciMtana aura jIvana zodhana kI do vAte mukhya hai| yahAM AtmA apane svAbhAvika rUpa meM zuddha aura saccidAnaMda rUpa hai| usakI azaci, vikAra aura duHkharUpatA kA eka mAtra kAraNa ajJAna aura moha hai| jaina-darzana meM AtmA kI tIna bhUmikAeM svIkAra kI gaI hai / ajJAna aura moha-pUrNa AtmA kI prArambhika sthiti ko "hirAtmA" kahA gayA hai| viveka zakti dvArA jaba rAgadvepAdi saMskAroM kA prAvalya alpa hone lagatA hai taba AtmA kI dUsarI bhUmikA AraMbha hotI hai, jise "antarAtmA" kahate hai| isameM sAMsArika pravRtti ke sAtha bhI atara kI nivRtti saMbhava hai / isase Age AtmA kI aMtima bhUmikA "paramAtmadazA" hai, jahAM pahuMca kara AtmA punarjanma ke cakra se sadaiva ke lie mukta ho jAtI hai| isa dRSTi se aviveka aura moha arthAt mithyAtva evaM tRSNA saMsAra rUpa hai aura viveka tathA vItarAgatva mokSa kA kAraNa hai / jaina darzana kI jIvana zodhana aura tatva mImAMsA kI yahI bAteM jaina-gUrjara-kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA meM yatra-tatra aneka mpoM meM varNita hai| 1. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, pR0 31

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240 mAlocanA-khaMDa AtmA, antarAtmA tathA paramAtmA : kavi AnaMdaghana ne AtmA kI prathama sthiti "bahirAtmA" ke svarUpa ko samajhAte hue kahA hai, "duniyA ke prANI vahirAtma bhAva meM mUr3ha bana gaye haiM, jo niraMtara mAyA ke phaMde meM phaMse hue haiN| mana meM paramAtma bhAva kA vyAna karane vAle prANI to virale hI mila pAte haiM-" "vahirAtama mUDhA jaga jetA, mAyA ke phaMda rahetA / / ghaTa aMtara paramAtama bhAve, duralabha prANI tetA // "1 mAyA, moha aura bhrama hI jIva ke zatru haiM / inase Upara uThakara hI jIva apane sacce AtmarUpa kI anubhUti kara pAtA hai "rAgAdika jaba pariharI, kare sahaja guNa khoja / / ghaTa meM pragaTa sadA, cidAnaMda kI moja // "2 yazovijayI jIva apane karmoM se Avaddha hai / karmoM meM Abaddha jIva hI saMsArI AtmA hai / jIva aura karmoM kA saMbaMdha anAdi kAla se hai| anAyAsa ina karmoM se mukti saMbhava nhiiN| kavi samaya sundara ne kahA hai ki japa-tapa rUpI agni meM duSTa karmoM kA mala jaba jala kara rAkha ho jAtA hai, taba yahI AtmA apane siddha svarUpa meM prakaTa ho jAtI hai"japa tapa agani karI nai ehanau, duSTa karama mala dahiyai re / samayasundara kahai ehija atamA, siddha rUpa saradahiyai re // "3 sAMsArika tRSNAeM usa AtmarUpa kI upAsanA meM bAdhaka haiN| usake lie viveka athavA jJAna-abhyAsa Avazyaka hai "cetana / jo tu jJAna abhyAsI / Apa hI bA~ce ApahI chor3e, nija mati gakti vikAsI // - pudgala kI tU Asa dharata hai, soto sabahi vinAsI / tUM to bhinna rUpa he unate', cidAnanda avinAsI / / 1. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, pada 27, pR0 74 2. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, samAdhi zataka 3. samayamundara kRta yu.sumAMjali, pR0 442

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__ jaina gUjara kaviyA kI hindI kavitA 241 jJAna dRSTi mAM dopa na ete, karo jJAna ajuAlo / cidAnaMda-dhana sujasa vacana rasa, sajjana hRdaya pakhAlo ||"1-yshovijy deha ke mithyAtva meM par3akara use hI Atma-tatva samajhanA bhUla hai, isakA nirdeza kavi devacandra ina gabdoM meM karate haiM "jese rajju sarama bhrama mAne tyu ajAna mithyAtiThAne / deha buddhi ko Atma pichAne, yAteM bhramahetu pasAre // "2 ina kaviyoM ne isa bhramadazA se Upara uThane ke lie jJAna - dRSTi kI anivAryatA batAI hai| zuddha cidAnanda rUpa bhAva hI ko jJAna mAnA gayA hai| usakA niraMtara ciMtana karane se moha - mAyA dUra ho jAte haiM aura ananta siddhi lAbha hotA hai / yaha siddhi hI AtmA kI anaMta mukhadazA kI apUrva anubhUti hai"jJAna nija bhAva zuddha cidAnanda, __ cItato mUko mAyA moha geha dehae / siddhataNAM sukha ji mala harahi, AtmA bhAva zubha ehae ||61||"3-gubhcndr vastutaH AtmA to ajara - amara hai| zarIra ke vastroM kI deha nazvara hai, cetana rUpa AtmA amara hai "jaise nAga na Apako, hota vastra ko nAza / tese tanu ke nAza teM, cetana acala anAza // "4 Atmatatva mukha-duHkha, harSa - dveSa, durvala-savala tathA dhanI - nirdhana se pare hai| vaha sAMsArika doSoM se mukta hai"appA dhani navi navi nirdhanta, navi durvala navi appA dhanna / mUrva harpa navi tejIva, navi sukhI navi dukhI atIva / "5 -zubhacaMdra zrImad devacaMdra ne AtmA ke paramAtma svarUpa kA kathana isa prakAra kiyA hai1. gUrjara mAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 106 2. zrImad devacandra bhAga 2, dravya prakAza 3. tatvamAra dUhA, mandira DholiyAna, jayapura kI prati 4. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga, samAdhi zataka, pR0 474 5. tatvasAra dUhA, mandira DholiyAna, jayapura kI prati

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242 AlocanA-khaMDa "zuddha buddha cidAnaMda, niravaMdvAbhimukuda, aphaMda amogha kaMda' anAdi ananta hai / niramala paribrahma pUrana parama jyoti parama agama akIriya mahAsaMta hai / avinAzI aja, paramAtmA sujAna / jina niraMjana amalAna siddha bhagavaMta he| aiso jIva karma saMga, saMga lagyo jJAna mulI, kastura mRga jyu, bhuvana meM raheta hai / "1 isa prakAra AtmA java viveka aura jAna dvArA apane vAstavika svarUpa ko pahacAna letI hai, taba vaha janma, maraNa tathA nedahAdi vaMdhanoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai| AtmA kI isa mukta dazA kI abhivyakti Anandaghana ne ina zabdoM meM kI hai "ava hama amara bhaye na mareMge / yA kAraNa mithyAti diyo taja, kyUkara deha dhreNge| maryo anaMta bAra vina samajyo, aba mukha-dukha visreNge| AnaMdaghana nipaTa nikaTa akSara do, nahIM samare so mareMge // 42 // "2 isa sAkSAtkAra kI sthiti meM "surati" kI bAMsurI vajane lagatI hai aura anAhata nAda uThane lagatA hai "vajI surata kI bAMsurI ho, uThe anAhata nAda, tIna loka mohana bhae ho, miTa gae dvada vipAda / "3 mokSa : yahI samasta karmoM se chuTakArA hai aura mokSa kI sthiti hai "karma kalaMka vikArano re, niHzepa hoya vina!Na / mokSa tatva zrI jina kahI, jANavA bhAvu alpAsa // "4 ---- zubhacandra mAyA : prAyaH sabhI darzanoM meM mAyA para vicAra huA hai| ina kaviyoM ne bhI isa para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai / mAyAjAla meM bhramita mAnava kI mUr3hatA para ina 1 zrImad devacaMdra bhAga 2, dravya prakAza 2. AnanaMghana pada saMgraha, pR0 124-27 3, lakSmIvallabha, adhyAtma phAga, prastuta prabaMdha kA prakaraNa 3 4. tatvasAra dohA, maMdira DholivAna, jayapura kI prati

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA kaviyoM ne Azcarya abhivyakta kiyA hai / yazovijaya jI ke zabdoM meM- " mAyArUpa vela se AcchAdita "bhava aravI " ke bIca mUr3ha mAnava apane jJAna - cakSu banda ka so rahA hai"-- :24 "vikasita mAyA veli ghari bhava-aravI ke bIca / sovata hai nita mUr3ha nara, nayana jJAna ke mIca ||31|| 1 aura usakI viSaya lolupatA kA nagna citra prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki mAnava viSaya-vAsanA meM rata ho apanA hI akalyANa kara rahA hai / usI taraha jaise kuttA haDDI ko cavAtA hai, usake muMha meM cubhane se khUna nikalatA hai para usa apane hI khUna ko haDDI kA rasa samajha kara svAda anubhava karatA hai " cATe nija lAlA milita, zuSka hADa jyuM zvAna | tese rAce viSaya meM, jau nija ruci anumAna // 61 // 2 ajJAna aura mAyA hI jIva ko bhramita karate haiM / mAyA bar3I bhayAnaka hai / jo isake cakkara meM par3A vaha zAzvata sukha se hAtha vo baiThatA hai / kavi ke zabdoM meM mAyA kI bhayAnakatA dekhie- "mAyA kAramI re, mAyA ma karo catura sujAna / mAyA vAhya jagata viludho, duHkhiyo thAya ajAna | jo nara mAyAe mohI rahyo; tene supane nahiM sukhaThANa ||3 mAyA kI bhayAnakatA ke aneka kaviyoM ne bar3e mArmika varNana kiye haiM / AnaMdaghana ne kabIra kI taraha hI mAyA ko ThaginI batAte hue sampUrNaM vizva ko apane nAgapAza meM bAMdha lene vAlI kahA hai |4 rahasyavAda : AdhyAtmikatA ko utkarSa sImA kA nAma rahasyavAda hai | bhAvamUlaka anubhUti rahasyavAda kA prANa hai / darzana kA kSetra vicArAtmaka anubhUti meM hai / yaha eka aisI anubhUti hai, jo sAdhaka ke antara meM udbhUta hokara akhila vizva ko usake lie brahmamaya vanA detI hai athavA use svayaM ko hI brahma banA detI hai / yahAM buddhi kA kSetra hRdaya kA preya vana jAtA hai / prANI mAtra meM brahma kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai athavA samasta prANI hI paramAtmA bana jAte haiM / 5 1. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha bhAga 1, samatA zataka 2. vahI 3. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 177-78 4. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, pada 16, pR0 451 4. Radhakamal Mukerji introduction to theory and art of Mysticism p. 7

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244 AlocanA-khaMDa 'ina kaviyoM kI kavitA meM rahasyavAda kI donoM sthitiyAM-sAdhanAtmaka evaM premamUlaka AyI haiM / AnaMdaghana, yazovijaya, vinaya vilAsa, jJAnAnaMda Adi aise sAdhaka ke rUpa meM Ate haiM jo anubhUti aura sva-saMvedana jJAna ko hI mahatva dete haiN| AnaMdaghana priya-milana se hI apanA "suhAga" pUrNa huA mAnate haiM / AtmA usa anaMta premI ke prema meM masta ho uThatI hai| vaha apanA pUrNa zRMgAra karatI hai| bhakti kI meMhadI, bhAva kA aMjana, sahaja svabhAva kI cUr3I, sthiratA kA kaMkaNa aura surati kA sindUra lagAtI hai / ajapA kI anahada dhvani utpanna hotI hai aura avirala Ananda kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai / 1 __ ina kaviyoM ne aneka rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se AtmA aura brahya ke prema kI sarala abhivyakti kI hai / java AnaMdaghana prema ke pyAle ko pI kara apane mata vAle cetana ko paramAtmA kI sugandhi lene ko kahate haiM taba sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAda kI carama pariNati dirkha par3atI hai "manasA pyAlA prema masAlA, brahma agni para jAlI / tana bhArI avaThAI piye kasa, Age anubhava lAlI / / agama pyAlA pIyo matavAlA, cinhI adhyAtama vAsA / AnaMdaghana cetana khele, dekhe loka 'tamAsA // "2 usI taraha saMvedanAtmaka anubhUti ke kAraNa jaba priya ko hRdaya se adhika 'samIpa anubhava kiyA gayA hai vahAM inakA premamUlaka rahasyavAda nirUpita huA jisakI vistRta carcA bhaktipakSa ke antargata ho cukI hai| AnaMdaghana kI kavitA se priya ke prati saMvedanAtmaka anubhUti kA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai -"pIyA bIna sudha budha khUdI ho. viraha bhuyaMga nizAsa meM, merI sejar3I khUdI ho // 1 // "3 naitika vicAra : jaina gUrjara kavi naitika AcAra-vicAra ke jIvanta rUpa rahe haiN| inhoMne apane prayatnoM dvArA samAja ko svastha evaM saMtulita patha para agrasara karane tathA vyakti ko dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kI ucita prApti karAne meM apanA jIvana arpita kiyA thaa| inake sAhitya-sarjana kI pravRttiyoM meM bhI nIti samanvita vicAradhArA 1. Anandaghana pada saMgraha, pada 20, pR0 46 2. vahI, pada 28, pR0 78-76 3. vahI, pada 62, pR0 264

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 245 hI pramukha hai| isa dRSTi se inheM hama nIti ke kavi bhI kaha sakate haiM / ina kaviyoM ne jIvana aura jagat ko apanI vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM tathA usakI saphalatAoM - asaphalatAoM evaM upalabdhiyoM - abhAvoM ko atyadhika nikaTa ke dekhA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki inakI bAtoM meM jIvana satya hai / inakI vANI meM yA to svAnubhUti kI jhalaka hai yA paramparAnubhUti kA prabhAva / pratyeka jAti, dharma yA sampradAya ke kaviyoM dvArA praNIta isa prakAra kA nItikAvya bhAratIya jana-jIvana kI AcAra saMhitA rahA hai / kAvya kI anya dhAgaoM kI tulanA meM yaha kAvya kama lalita yA yatkiMcit rasahIna ho sakatA hai phira bhI yahA~ kucha nIti aura saddharma kA sarala upadeza dene vAloM meM samayamundara, dharmavaIna, jinaharSa, lakSmIvallabha, kegavadAsa, kinagadAsa, vinayacaMdra khemacanda, dayAsAgara, guNasAgarasUri, udayarAja, kumudacandra, jina rAjasari, mAladeva, vinayAsamudra Adi agragaNya hai / vaise prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM ne naitika AcAra-vicAra ko pramukhatA dI hai| kavi samayamundara ne apane asaMkhya gItoM evaM vizeSataH chattImiyoM meM, nItiparaka kAvya ke jitane bhI viSaya bana sakate haiM, prAya: una sabhI viSayoM para sarala upadezAtmaka evaM anubhUti paraka naitika vicAroM kI abhivyakti kI hai / "prastAva sarvayA chattImI" se eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai--- . "vyAvyA binA vetra kima luNiyai, khAdyA pAvai bhUmba na jAi / Apa muyAM viNa saraga na jaiyaDa, vAte pApar3a kima hI na thAi / / sAdhu : sAdhavI zrAvaka zravikA, enau betra mupAtra kahAi / samayasundara kahai tau sukha lahiyai, jala ghara sArau datta divAi / / "? jinahapaM bhI nIti ke kavi haiM / jIvana ke vizAla anubhavoM kA mAra kavi ne apane nItiparaka dohoM tathA vigAla bAvanI sAhitya meM ur3ela diyA hai / eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai-- "gharaTI ke do par3a bina kaNa caraNa jyu hoya / tyudo nArI vica padayau go nara gare nahIM koya // "2 kavi dharmavarddhana ne bhI nIti kAya ke samasta viSayoM ko panA liyA hai| nArI ko lekara unake vicAra vyahai-- "naina nakAha guna dimAvata, baina kI kAha mo yAna banAvai / pani pI nita meM paravAha nahIM, mita gIjana aura gunaha jaNAve / / 1. gamagagundara gata gusugAjali, pR0 16 2. jinasaM gAyanI, chorA bAvanI, 1096

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246 mAlocanA-vaMDa sAsU ko sAMsa jiThAnI ko jIu, dirAnI kI deha durkha hI dahAvai / kahai dharmasIha tajo vaha lIha, larAi ko mUla lugAI, kahAvai / / "? kavi jinarAjasUri ne "zIla battIsI" aura 'karma vattIsI' kRtiyoM meM kramagaH gIladharma aura karma mahattA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| zIla kA mahAtmya batAtA huA kavi kahatA hai "sIla ratana jatane kari rAkhau, varajau vipaya vikAra jI / sIlavaMta avicala pada pAmai, viSaI rulai saMsAra jI // "2 kavi yazovijaya jI ne bhI apanI "samAdhi zataka" evaM "samatA zataka" racanAoM me adhyAtma mArga meM pravRtta mAnava ko apane naitika AcaraNa kI yAda dilAI hai / kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM-- "lobha - mahAtara, zira car3hI, bar3hI jyu tRSNA - vaili / kheda - kusuma vikasita bhai, phale duHkha Rtu melI // " jAke rAja vicAra meM, abalA eka pradhAna / so cAhata he jJAna jaya, kaise kAma ayAna // "3 ina kaviyoM meM udayarAja ke nItiparaka dohe vizeSa lova priya rahe haiM / eka udAharaNa paryApta hogA--- "garaja samai mana aura ho, sarI garaja mana aura / udairAja mana kI prakiti, rahai na ekaNa Thaura // "4 - ina kaviyoM kI isa prakAra kI asaMkhya muktaka racanAoM ke atirikta aneka caupAI, rAsAdi pravaMdha rUpoM meM bhI nItiparaka saddharmI kI zikSA ke asaMkhya sthala Ae hai / udAharaNArtha vinayacandra ko 'uttamakumAra caupAI' meM uttama kumAra kA nIti aura sadAcAra ko poSaNa karane vAlA udAtta caritra varNita hai| usI taraha vinayasamudra ke padmacaritra meM sItA aura rAma kA zIla pradhAna caritra, guNasAgarasUri ke 'kRtapuNya rAsa' meM dAnadharma kI mahimA, mahAnaMdagaNi ke 'aMjanAsundarI rAsa' meM aMjanA kA udAtta caritra, mAladeva kI 'vIrAMgadA caupAI' meM puNyaviSaya tathA 'sthUlibhadra - 1. dharmavarddhana graMthAvalI, dharma bAvanI, pR0 6 2. jinarAjasUri kRta kusumAMjali, pR0 112 / 3. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 463-64 4. nAhaTA saMgraha se prApta prati

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 247 phAga' meM bhoja kI viraktimaya pratikriyA aura khemacanda kI 'guNa mAlA caupAI meM Arya maryAdA evaM naitikatA kA ujjvala nirUpaNa huA hai / 'guNamAlA caupAI meM guNamAlA ko usakI mAtA Arya maryAdA evaM pAtivrata dharma kI sIkha detI haI kahatI hai--- "sIkhA maNi kuvarI prata, dIyai raMbhA mAta / ceTI tU para purupa su, mata karaje vAta // 1 // bhagati kare bharatAra kI, saMga uttama rhje| bar3A rA mhau bole rakhe, ati vinaya vahaje // 2 // "1 jaina samAja meM sajjhAya - sAhitya atyadhika lokapriya hai| vividha DhAloM aura rAgoM meM vinirmita sajjhAyeM jaina samAja meM prAyaH kaMThasta kara lene kI prathA hai| isa vyAvahArika geya sAhitya dvArA bhI paramparAgata ucca prakAra kI sAtvika bhAvanAoM kA saMskAra siMcana huA hai| prAyaH adhikAMza kaviyoM ne isa prakAra kI sajjhAyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai / prakRti - nirUpaNa manuSya ne jaba se AMkha kholI hai vaha kisI na kisI rUpa meM prakRti se sambandhita rahA hai / prakRti ke satata sAhacarya ke kAraNa usane usake prati rAga-virAgAdi se parNa aneka prakAra kI pratikriyAe anubhava kI hai| vaha kabhI prakRti ko dekha kara Atmavibhora ho gayA, usake rUpa para mugdha ho gayA aura usane prakRti ke gIta gaae| viraha ke kSaNoM meM, milana kI mAdaka ghar3iyoM meM prakRti ne use satAyA athavA protsAhana diyA hai, rIjhate mAnava-mana ko abhivyakti kI sukumAra zabdAvalI pradAna kI aura kahIM-kahIM svayaM mAnava-rUpa dhara kara prakRti mAnava ko rijhAtI rhii| yadi kAvya ko manuSya kI AtmA kI anubhUti kI abhivyakti kahA jAya to kisI bhI kavi dvArA racita koI bhI mundara kAvya prakRti ke spoM se mukta nahI ho sktaa| jaina kavi bhI isake apavAda nahI hai / unakI racanAoM meM bhI prakRti kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya nirUpita ho gaI hai| manuSya aura prakRti ke paraspara sambandha va pUrNa pariprekSya ko dekhate hue sAhityAcAryoM ne prakRti-nirUpaNa kI vividha praNAliyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai. yathA- prakRti kA Alambanagata citraNa, prakRti kA uddIpanagata citraNa, alaMkAragata citraNa, prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa, upadeza Adi ke lie prakRti kA kAvyAtmaka prayoga 1. guNamAlA caupAI, khemacanda, prakaraNa 3

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246 AlocanA-khaMDa Adi / Alocya yugIna jaina kaviyoM ne bhI apanI kavitAoM meM prakRti kA upayoga kiyA hai| prakRti kA Alamvanagata prayoga : prakRti java kavi ke bhAvoM kA sIdhA Alambana bana jAtI hai usa samaya usakA nirUpaNa svatantra rUpa meM hotA hai / vaha kAvya meM svayaM sAdhya hotI hai / isa dRSTi se kumudacandra kA eka prakRti-citra dekhie "kalAkAra jonala jalakuMDI, nirmala nIra nadI ati aMDI, vikasita kamala amala dalapaMtI, komala kumuda samujjala kNtii| vanavAr3I ArAma suraMgA, amba kadamba udavara tu gA / karaNA ketakI kamarakha kelI, navenAraMgI nAgara velI // agara tagara taru tiduka tAlA. sarasa sopArI tarala tamAlA / vadarI vakula madADa vIjorI, jAI juI jambu jambhIrI // "1 kumudacandra prakRti kA uddIpanagata citraNa : jahAM para prakRti kavi ke sthAyI bhAvoM ko uddIpta karatI huI dikhAI detI hai vahAM para prakRti kA uddIpanagata rUpa hotA hai| isa prakAra kA uddIpanagata citraNa prAyaH zRMgAra rasa meM prApta hotA hai| kaviyoM ne-Alocya yugIna jaina kaviyoM ne-nemi-rAjula, sthUlibhadra-kozyA Adi kI kathAoM meM jahAM kahIM viraha-varNana prastuta kiyA hai vahAM prAyaH prakRti kA uddIpana rUpa meM prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se ina kaviyoM ke 'bArahamAse' tathA 'phAgu' kAvya vizeSa rUpa se drapTavya hai / bhAdra mAsa kA eka uddIpanagata citra tennie "dala manamatha bAdalii, dhana - ghana - ghaTA re. je je varasai dhAra, te viraha - tani saTAre / bijalI asi jhalakAi, ubharAvi vIchaDyA re, keki bola suNaMti ki, mUrachADa paDyA re ||2-jyvntsri bhAdra mAsa kI bhAMti hI prakRti apane pUre yauvana meM arthAt vasanta meM virahiNI ko kitanA kaSTa detI hai| usakA bhI dRzya yahAM prastuta hai "madhukara karaiM gujArava mAra vikAra vahati / koyala karaI paTahUkar3A Tukar3A melavA kanta / 'malayAcala thI calakiTa phlakiu pavana pracaNDa / madana mahAnapa pAjhai virahIni siradaMDa // "3 -mahAnanda gaNi 1. bharata vAhavali chanda. Amera zAstra bhaNDAra kI prati 2. nemirAjula vAra mAsa vela pravandha 3. aMjanAsundarI rAsa, prastuta prabadha kA dUsarA adhyAya / -

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 246 prakRti kA alaMkAragata prayoga : jaisAki hama pahale kaha Ae haiM ki alaMkAroM kA kArya bhAva ko sundaratama rUpa meM prastuta karanA hai tathA abhivyakti ko mukumAra zabdAvali pradAna karanA hai, prakRti kA alaMkAra rUpa meM prayoga bhI isI kArya ko sampanna karatA hai / prakRti ke alaMkAragata prayoga ke kucha udAharaNa dekhie "1- maiM to piya teM aisi milI AlI kusuma-vAsa saMga jaise / 1 -AnaMdaghana 2- kumudinI caMda jisau tuma lInau, dUra tuhi tumha nerau // 2 -samayasundara 3. canda cakora jaladaju sAraMga, mIna salila judhyAvata / kahata kumuda patita pAvana tUhi hirade mohi bhAvata // 3 -maTTAraka kumudacandra 4- sAraMga dekhi sidhAre sAragu, sAraMga nayani nihAra / 4 -maTTAraka - ratnakIrti 5- suprabhAti mukha kamala ju dIThu, vacana amRta thakI adhika ju mIThu // 5 -AcArya candra kIrti 6- jaise ghanaghora jora Apa milai cihuM aura, pavana ko phora ghaTata na lAgai vAra jU / siratA ko vega jaise nIra tai bar3he hai taiseM, china meM utari jAi sugama apAra jU / taisai mAya mila Aya udyama kIrNa vinAya, sakRta ghaTa hai tava jaise kahUM lAra jU / _ aiso hai tamAso jinaharakha ghana, ghana dou mila Ai joIyo vicAra jU // "6 -jinaharSa upadeza Adi dene ke lie prakRti kA kAvyAtmaka prayoga : aneka sthaloM para kavi prakRti ke mAdhyama se anya logoM ko upadeza denA cAhatA hai / kAvya meM jahA~ kahIM isa prakAra kA varNana prApta hotA hai vahA~ prakRti 1. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, pR0 146 2. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, 383 3. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta - vyaktitva aura kRtitva, pR0 272 4. vahI, 270 5. vahI, 160 6. jinaharSa gaMthAvalI, pR0 113 -

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250 AlocanA-gaMTa sAdhanarUpa hI hotI hai, sAdhyarUpA nahIM / sAmAnyataH AlonyakAlIna jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ne prakRti kA isa rUpa meM prayoga kama hI kiyA hai| kintu udAharaNa prApta ho hI jAte hai / eka udAharaNa dekhie "cAMpA te rUpai khyaTA, parimana mugandha salpa ! bhamarA mani mAnyA nahIM, guNa jANaina anupa / / "1 kavi ne ukta paMktiyoM meM bhramara ke mAdhyama se una logoM ke prati saMketa kiyA hai jo guNa ko nahIM pahacAna pAte aura tatva ko chor3a baiThate haiN| isa prakAra me kavi guNoM ko pahacAnane kA upadeza dete dikhAI dete haiN| prakRti ke mAdhyama se brahmavAda kI pratiSThA : prakRti ke mAdhyama se Alocya-kAlIna jaina gurjara kaviyoM ne sabhI padArthoM meM brahma ke hone kI kalpanA kara ke brahma kI sarvavyApakatA para prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai| AcArya dharmavaddhana prAyaH sabhI puppo meM prabhu kA vAsa dekhate haiM / "ketakI me kesava, kalyANa rAi kevarA meM, kuja meM jasodamuta kuda meM vihArI hai| mAlatI meM mukunda murAri vAsa bhogareM, gulAba meM gupAla lAla maurabha sudhArI hai / jahI meM jagatapati kRpAla pArajAta hu meM, pADala meM rAja prabhu para upagArI haiM / campa meM caturbhuja cAhi cita cubhi rahyA, sevaMtI meM sItArAma syAma sukhakArI hai // 2 ukta vizlepaNa karane ke pazcAt isa bAta kI pratIti ho jAtI hai ki AlocyakAlIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne prakRti ke jisa rUpa ko sarvAdhika mAtrA meM grahaNa kiyA hai vaha hai uddIpanagata evaM alaMkAragata / vastuta: kavitA meM uddIpanagata citraNa hI prakRti kA sahI rUpa hai kyoMki isameM manuSya kI bhAvanAeM jitanI gaharAI se rama sakatI hai utanI kisI anya rUpa meM nhiiN| ina kaviyoM meM prakRti ke mAnavIkaraNa kA prayAsa prApta nahIM hotaa| mUlataH ye kavi upadezaka rahe hai| inakA kAma dharma pracAra karanA rahA hai phira bhI inakA prakRti-citraNa apane mata kI puSTi ke lie nahIM kiyA gayA / upadezarUpA prakRti jaise yahA~ hai hI nahIM aura jahA~ kahI hai mI vahA~ atyalpa / 1. samayasundara kRta kumumAMjali, pR0 113 2. dharmavarddhana graMthAvalI, pR0 137

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 251 niSkarSa Alocya yuga ke jana-gUrjara-kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA ke vastupakSa kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt sArAMzataH hama nimna niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM (1) ina kaviyoM ne zAMtarasa ko rasarAja svIkAra kiyA hai / yadyapi inakI kavitA meM sabhI rasoM kA niyojana aMgarUpa meM yathAprasaMga saphalatA se huA hai, para ye rasa pradhAna zAMtarasa kI kroDa meM hI vaNita hai| zatarasa ko rasarAjatva denA jainoM ke adhyAtma siddhAntoM ke anukUla hai| (2) inakI kavitA kA mUlAghara AtmAnubhUti hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yahAM pArthiva tathA aindriya saundarya ke prati AkarSaNa nhiiN| (3) vAsanA ke sthAna para vizuddha prema ko apanAyA gayA hai / (4) bhaktibhAvanA zAMta, mAdhurya, vAtsalya, sakhya, vinaya Adi bhAvadhArAoM meM abhivyakta huI hai, jisameM navadhAbhakti ke adhikAMga tatva samAhita hai| (5) inakI kavitA meM guru kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / yahAM guru aura brahma meM bheda nahIM hai / gurubhakti meM anurAga kA vizeSa mahatva hai| pariNAmataH guru ke milana aura viraha donoM ke gIta gAye gaye haiN| (6) inakI kavitA meM rAgAtmikA pravRtti ko udAtta evaM pariSkRta karane kA . tathA jIvanonnayana ke lie tatvajJAna ke Azraya ko svIkAra karane kA mUla Adarza dhvanita hai / isameM AtmA kI saccI pukAra hai tathA svastha jIvana darzana hai| (7) mAnava mAtra meM sphUrti evaM utsAha paidA karanA, usake nirAzAmaya jIvana meM AzA kA saMcAra karanA tathA vilAja jara mAnava meM naitika zakti kI saMjIvanI maranA ina kaviyoM kI vairAgyonmukha pravRtti kA mUla uddezya kahA jA sakatA hai| (8) saMsAra kI asAratA tathA jIvana kI nazvaratA dikhAkara vairAgya kA upadeza dene ke pIche ina kaviyoM kA uddezya samAja ke bheda bhAva, atyAcAra-anAcAra aura hiMsA Adi durguNoM ko miTAkara prANI mAtra meM zIla, sadAcAra Adi kA naitika vala bharanA bhI rahA hai| (8) ye kavi apane sAmAjika, dhArmika, dArzanika tathA naitika vicAroM meM atyadhika spaSTa, udAra tathA asAmpradAyika vicAroM ko prazraya dete rahe haiN| (10) ina kaviyoM ke prakRti citraNa meM prAyaH uddIpanagata evaM alaMkAragata citraNa hI prApta hotA hai|

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252 mAlocanA-raMTa (11) ina kaviyoM ke kAvyagata bhAva AdhyAtmiyaH netanA se yukta haiN| bhaktikAlIna sAhitya dhArA meM jahAM avyAtma tatva kA prAdhAnya rahA vahAM rItikAlIna kAvyadhArA meM sAMsArika viSayoM kI pradhAnatA rhii| Alocya kavi laukika evaM AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA ke bIca setu nirmANa kA kArya karate pretIta hote haiN| (12) yadyapi ina kaviyoM ke mUla preraNA tatva dharma aura AdhyAtmikatA rahe hai tathApi inakI racanAeM na to dhArmika saMkIrNatA se grasta haiM aura na nIrasa ho / inameM kAvya rasa kA samucita paripAka hai| inake viSaya mAtra dhArmika hI nahIM, sokopakAraka bhI haiM / kAvyarasa aura avyAtmarasa kA jaisA samanvaya ina kaviyoM ne kiyA hai vaisA bhakti-kAla ke mUrdhanya kaviyoM ko chor3a anyatra nahIM miltaa|

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prakaraNa 5 Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM kalA pakSa bhApA chanda aura saMgIta vidhAna alaMkAra - vidhAna pratIka - vidhAna prakaraNa - niSkarSa

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prakaraNa 5 Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM kalA-pakSa kisI bhI yuga kI kavitA para vicAra karate samaya hamArA dhyAna vastu pakSa ke bAda sarvaprathama kalA-pakSa kI ora hI jAtA hai / kAvya-kalA ke vibhinna upakaraNoM ko lekara aba hama Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA ke kalA-pakSa para vicAra kreNge| bhApA : jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI anubhUti meM jisa prakAra sahajatA aura loka-jIvanAbhimukhatA ke darzana hote hai, usI taraha inakI abhivyakti meM bhI loka vANI kI ora sahaja AkarSaNa hai / kaI jaina saMta to saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn rahe haiM, phira bhI inhoMne apanI abhivyakti loka bhApA meM karanA adhika upayukta smjhaa| apanI vANI ko bodhagamya evaM lokabhogyA banAne ke lie inhoMne vyAkaraNAdi ke rUpoM evaM bhApAkIya sImAoM kI vizeSa paravAha nahIM kI hai / bhApA pracAra evaM prasAra kI dRSTi se ina kaviyoM ke ina prAraMbhika prayogoM kA hindI ko rASTravyApI rUpa dene meM bar3A mahatva hai| unakI bhASA aneka bhASAoM va prabhAvoM kI saMgama sthalI hai| apabhraMza kA prabhAva : hindI apabhraMza kA hI vikasita rUpa hai, ataH 17vIM zatI ke kucha kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA meM apabhraMza kI vizeSatAeM apane avaziSTa rUpa meM avazya dIkha par3atI haiN| apabhraMza kI vizepatAeM jo ina kaviyoM meM raha gaI hai, usakA adhyayana isa prakAra kara sakate he(ka) 'u' kAra vahulA pravRtti : apabhraMza kI "u" kAra bahulA pravRtti yahA~ bhI pratiSThita hai| kRdanta tadbhava kriyAoM ke adhikAMza rUpa ukArAnta haiN| udAraNArtha mAladeva ke bhojaprabandha se eka uddharaNa dRSTavya hai

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256 AlocanA-khaMDa "vanateM vana chipatau phirau, gaNhara vanahaM nikuMja / bhUkhau bhojana mAMgivA, govali Ayau muMja // 247 // "1 kahIM kahIM "kartA" tathA karmakAraka kI vibhakti ke rUpa meM bhI "u" kA prayoga huA hai / isa prakAra ke prayoga samayasundara kI "sAcora tIrtha mahAvIra jina stavanam", "zrI mahAvIra deva gItam", tathA "zrI zroNika vijJapti gamitaM zrI mahAvIra gItam" racanAoM meM sahaja rUpa meM milate haiM / 2 yaha pravRtti jinaharpa Adi kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM bhI prApta ho jAtI hai / 3 (kha) "re" aura "DI" kA prayoga : yaha bhI apabhraMza kI eka vizeSatA rahI hai| kucha kaviyoM ne "re" aura "DI" kA acchA prayoga kiyA hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacaMdra ne "2" aura "DI" donoM kA eka hI padya meM var3A sundara prayoga kiyA hai "roga rahita saMgIta sukhI re, saMpadA pUraNa ThAma / dharma buddhi mana zuddhaDI, dulahA anukami jANa // " -tatvasAra dUhA bhaTThAraka ratnakIti ne bhI "3" kA prayoga kiyA hai jisase pravAha meM eka tIvratA kA AbhAsa hotA hai "A jepTha mAse jaga jalaharano ubhA hare / koI bApa re vAya virahI kima rahe re / / Arate Arata upaje aMga re / anaMga re saMtApe dukha kehe re / / " --neminAtha bArahamAsA kavi samayasundara ne "u" aura "rI" kA eka sAtha prayoga kiyA hai"padamanAtha tIrthakara hauge, vIra kahai tumha kAja saryau rI / samayasundara prabhu tumhArI bhagati tai, ihu saMsAra samudra taryaurI // 4 // " -zrI zreNika vijJapti gabhita zrI mahAvIra gItam / 4 1. nAthUrAma premI, hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 45 2. mamayasundara kRta kusumAMjalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 205-210 3. jinaharSa .nathAvalI, pR0 32 aura 47 4. mamayasundara kRta kusumAMjalI, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 210

Page #259
jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 257 (ga) dIrgha svara ko laghu banAne kI pravRtti : sarasvatI ko saramaI yA sarasati1, zrI ko siri2 tathA amRta ko amiya, darzana ko darasana Adi prayoga isI ke udAharaNa haiM / (gha) varNo ke saMkocana kI pravRtti : vargoM ke saMkocana kA kauzala bhI apabhraMza kI eka khAsa vizeSatA hai / isa pravRtti ke anusAra "pramANaka ru" ke sthAna para "paNau" 'sthAna' ke sthAna para 'ThANa', 'mayUra' ke sthAra para 'mora' Adi prayoga dekhane meM Ate haiM / bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, samayamundara tathA jinaharSa kI kavitA meM aise prayoga vizeSa hue haiN| isa prakAra 17vIM zatI ke ina prArambhika kaviyoM kI bhApA meM ukArAnta aura ikArAMta zabdoM kA bahu-prayoga dikhAI detA hai| para inake zabdoM meM laya kA unmeSa hai ataH karNakaTu nahIM lagate / inameM vibhaktiyA~ lupta-sI rahI hai / bhramaNazIla pravRtti ke kAraNa gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI zabdoM ke sAtha siMdhI, urdU, phArasI Adi ke zabda bhI svabhAvataH A gaye haiN| kavi samayasundara kI kavitA meM phArasI Adi videzI zabdoM meM phauja, balibha, dilagIra, Adi zabdoM kA sahaja prayoga huA haiM / vizeSataH bhaTTArakoM tathA anya saMskRta ke prakANDa paMDitoM meM samayasundara, varmavarddhana, yazovijaya Adi kI bhASA tatsama bahulA rahI hai"karma kalaMka vikArano re, niHzepa hoya vinAza / " --tatsAra dUhA - zubhacandra "kaThina supIna payodhara, manohara ati utaMga / caMpaka varNI candrAnanI, mAnanI sohi suraMga // 17 // " vIra vilAsa phAga - vIracandra "malU Aja bheTyu pramoH pAdapadmam, ____phalI Asa morI nitAntaM vipadmam / gayUM duHkha nAsI punaH saumyadRSTa yA / kyu sukha jhAjhu yathA meghavRSTayA // 1 // " -zrI pArzvanAthASTakam-samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali 17vI zatI kI adhikAMza racanAmoM para gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kA bhI vizeSa prabhAva hai / kyoMki vi0 saM0 1600 aura usake pUrva hindI, gujarAtI aura 1. "sarasati sAmanI Apa surANI" gaur3I pArzvanAtha stavanam kuzala lAma-adhyAya 1 2. "ziri saMgharAja lokAgaccha ziratAja Aja"-kizanadAsa, kizanabAvanI / -

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258 AlocanA-khaMDa rAjasthAnI meM vizeSa antara nahIM thaa| zrI rAhula jI ke matAnusAra ye bhASAeM apabhraMza se vikasita huI thI, unake mUla rUpoM meM bheda nahIM thaa| unakI dRSTi se to gujarAta terahavIM zatI taka hindI kSetra kA eka abhinna aMga rahA hai / 1 phira bhI unameM kucha na kucha rUpa bheda to avazya thA jinase inakA pRthak astitva pramANita evaM siddha hai| vi0 ko 17vIM aura 18vIM zatI kA samaya hindI ke pUrNa vikAsa kA samaya kahA jA sakatA hai / apabhraMza kI "u" kAra bahulA pravRtti dhIre dhIre haTane lagatI hai aura tatsama pradhAna bhApA kA rUpa vinirmita hone lagatA hai aura vibhaktiAM bhI spaSTa dikhAI dene lagatI haiN| kriyAoM kA vikAsa bhI spaSTataH dRSTigata hone lagatA hai| "re" ke prayoga kI pravRtti ina kaviyoM meM virAsata ke rUpa meM avazya pracalita rhii| "re" kA prayoga saMgItAtmakatA aura dhvani saundarya kI dRSTi se madhura ho uThA hai| zrI kuzala lAbha kA eka padya draSTavya hai "Avyo mAsa asAr3ha jhabUke dAminI re / jovai jovai prIyar3A vATa sakomala kAminI re // cAtaka madhugi sAdi ki prIu prIu ucarai re / varasai ghaNa varasAta sajala saravara bharai re // "2 bhApA kI dRSTi se isa yuga kI kavitA ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA haiprathama vaha jo saMskRta ke anuvAda rUpa meM hai aura dUsarI maulika kavitA meM prayukta / anadita kavitA meM saMskRta niSThA adhika hai, maulika meM saralatA evaM sarasatA / udAharaNArtha dharmavarddhana ne nItizatakam ke 66 veM zloka kA anuvAda isa prakAra kiyA hai rIsa bhayo kaui rAMka, vastra viNa calIyau vATa / tapiyo ati tAvar3I, TAlatAM musakala TATa / vIla rUMkha tali vesi, TAlaNo mAMDyo tar3ako / tarU hatI phala jaTi, paDyo sira mAhe par3ako / ApadA sAthi Aga lagI, jAyai nirabhAgI jaThe / karmagati dekha dharmasI kahai, kahI nATho chuTai kaThe // 13 // " -chappaya vAvanI 1. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hindI kAvyadhArA, avataraNikA, pR0 12 2. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR0 116 --

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 256 inhIM kA maulika pada dekhie-- "mana mRga tu tana vana meM mAtI / keli kare care icchAcArI jANe nahIM dina jAto // 1 // mAyA rUpa mahA mRga trisanAM, tiNa meM dhAve tAto / Akhara pUrI hota na icchA, to bhI nahIM pachatAto // 2 // kAmaNI kapaTa mahA kur3i maMDI, khabara kare phAla khaato| kahe dharmasIha ulaMgIsi vAko, terI saphala kalA to // 3 // "1 isI prakAra kavi samayasundara, zubhacandra, yazovijaya Adi ke phuTakara padoM kI tathA anya racanAoM kI bhASA meM antara hai / ___ isa yuga ke jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM vividha bhASA jJAna aura usameM kAvyarasa ke nirvAha kI vilakSaNatA dekhane ko milatI hai / ye kavi kabhI eka sthAna para jama kara nahIM rahe aura deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vihAra kara jana jAgRti kA jagvanAda karate rahe hai tathA usa prAnta vizeSa kI bhASA ko bhI sahajarUpa se apanAte rahe hai / ata: isa yuga kI hindI kavitA meM bhASA ke jo vividha prayoga hue hai, usake kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM "kavi jinaharpa kI sulalita evaM sAhityika rAjasthAnI bhASA kA eka udAharaNa dekhie "sabhA pUri vikramma, rAi baiTho suvisesI / tiNa avasara AvIyau, eka mAgadha paradezI // Umo de AsIsa, rAi pUchai kihAM jAsI / aThA lagai AvIyI, koi tai suNyo tamAsI // kara joDi ema jaMpai vayaNa, hukama rAvalau jo lahu~ / jinaharpa suNaNa jogI kathA, kotiga vAlI hUM kahUM // 1 // 2 isI yuga ke kavi kizanadAsa kI kavitA meM brajabhApA kA mAdhurya dekhie__ "aMjali ke jala jyoM ghaTata pala pala Ayu, viSa se viSama vyavasAya viSa rasa ke 1. paMtha ko mukAma kA bApa ko na gAma yaha, jaivo nija dhAma tAteM kIje kAma yaza ke / 1. agaracanda nAhaTA, dharmavarddhana graMthAvalI, pR0 60 2. jinaharSa graMthAvalI, agaracanda nAhaTA, caubolI kathA, pR0 436

Page #262
260 AlocanA-khaMDa khAna sulatAna umarAva rAva rAnA Ana, kizana ajAna jAna kou na rahI sake, sAMjharU vihAna calyo jAta hai jihAna tAteM, hamahU nidAna mahimAna dina dasa ke // 20 // DiMgala bhASA: "bhogavi kite bhU kitA bhogavasI, mAMharI mAMharI karai bharai / aiMThI taji pAtalAM upari, kuMvara mili mili kalaha kareM // 1 // dhapaTI dharaNI ketei dhUsI, dhari apaNAita kai dhra vai / ghovA taNI zilA pari dhobI, huM pati hu~ pati karai huvai // 2 // "2 -dharmavardhana khar3I bolI : "ve mevare, koharI sevare, are kahAM jAta ho utAvare, Tuka raho na khare / hama jAte vIkAnera sAhi jahAMgIra ke bheje, hukama huyA phuramANa jAi mAnasiMdha ku deje / siddha sAdhaka hau tumha cAha milaNe kI hamaku, vegi Ayau hama pAsa lAbha deUMgA tuma ku ||1||"--smysundr3 sindhI bhASA : "sAhiba maiDA caMgI sUrati; A ratha car3hIya AvaMdA he bhaiNA / nemi maiku bhAvaMdA hai / bhAvaMdA he maiku bhAvaMdA hai, nemi asAr3he bhAvaMdA hai / 1 / AyA toraNa lAla asAr3A, pasuya dekhi pachitAuMdA he bhaiNA ! 2 / "4 paMjAbI bhASA: " mUrati mohaNagArI diThThaDAM Avai dAya / caraNa kamala taDDe sohiyAM, mana mamara rahyayo lobhAya // 1 // sanehI pAsa jiNaMdA ve, are hA salUNe pAsa jiNaMdAve / 1. gujarAja ke hindI gauravagraMtha, DaoN0 aMvAzaMkara nAgara, upadeza bAvanI, pR0 165 2. dharmavarddhana graMthAvalI, agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 108 3. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjalI, agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 363 4. samayasundara kRta, kusumAMjalI, agaracenda nAhaTA, pR0 132

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA __261 tUM hI yAra sanehI sAjana, tU hI maiDA poU / / naNe dekhaNa Umahai, milane kU cAhai jIva // 2 // "1 hindI gujarAtI mizrita bhASA rUpa : "kanakami kaMkaNa mor3atI, tor3atI miNimihAra / lUMcatI keza-kalApa, vilApa kari anivAra // 70 // nayaNi nIra kAjali gali, Talavali bhAminI bhara / kima karUM kahire sAhelar3I, vihi naDi gayo majhanAha / / 71 / / -vIracandra - vIra vilAsa phAgara gujarAtI : "paramesara zu prItaDI re, kima kIje kiratAra, prIta karaMtA dohili re, mana na rahe khiNa ekatAra re, manaDAnI vAto jojyo re, jujuIdhAto raMga viraMgI re, manaDu raga viraMgI // 1 // " -Anandavarddhana3 isa yuga ke jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kA gujarAta aura rAjasthAna se vizeSa saMbaMdha rahA hai / ataH gujarAtI tathA rAjasthAnI bhASA ke prabhAva se ye mukta nahIM ho pAye hai| vrajabhASA kA bhI ye moha nahIM chor3a sake hai adhikAMza kavioM ne to zuddha brajabhASA meM apanI kavitAeM kI haiM / sabhI kaviyoM ke padoM kI bhASA to brajabhASA hI rahI hai| arabI-phArasI zabdoM kA bhI sahaja prayoga, magalayuga aura usake prabhAva ke kAraNa dIkha par3atA hai| kavi kiganadAsa ne to apanI "upadeza bAvanI" meM Alama, julma Adi isake pracalita zabdoM se bhI Age bar3ha aravI-phArasI ke kucha kaThina zabdamisakina, paNama, pezakazI, itamAma, tazakIra Adi kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| AnaMdaghana jI ne bhI tavIva, khalaka, gosalakhAnA, AmakhAsa Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| "sa" - "za" kA viziSTa prayoga : isa yuga meM "za" aura "sa" donoM kA hI prayoga huA hai, kintu "sa" kI sarvatra adhikatA hai| sobhA, darasana, sarIra; suddha, sarana, sujasa Adi meM 'za' ke sthAna para 'sa' kA hI prayoga hai, jise adhikAMza kaviyoM ne svAbhAvikatA se apanAyA hai| 1. jinaharpa graMthAvalI, saMpA0 aMgaracanda nATahA, pR0 225 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta - DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 106 3. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, pR0 73

Page #264
262 AlocanA-maMTa kintu jJAnAnanda, yagovijaya, vinayavijaya tathA kucha bhaTTAraka kaviyoM ne 'ga', 'ga donoM kA hI yatra tatra prayoga kiyA hai ? Agama aura lopa kI pravRtti : ina kaviyoM meM saMyukta varNo ko svara vibhakti ke dAga pRthak pRthaka karane kI pravRtti bhI parilakSita hotI hai| udAharaNArtha mahAtmA Anandaghana jI ne 'AtmA' ko 'Atama', 'bhrama' ko 'bharama', 'sarvagI' ko 'saravaMgI', 'vRnAMta' ko 'virataMta' tayA 'paramArtha' ko 'paramAratha' kahA hai| anya kaviyoM ne bhI mavada (manda), parimiddha (prasiddha), paratacha (pratyakSa), janama (janma), darasana (darzana), padAratha (padA), mumarana (smaraNa), paramesura (paramezvara), mUrati (mUrti), maramI (marmI) Adi zabda prayukta kie hai| saMyukta varNoM ko adhika sarala banAne ke lie kucha kaviyoM meM vargoM meM me eka ko haTA dene kI pravRtti bhI dIgya par3atI hai| udAharaNArtha-yagovijaya jI ne apanI kavitA meM 'akSaya' ko 'avaya'. praddhi' ko ridhi', 'jinendra' ko 'jinaMda' Adi kA vizeSa prayoga kiyA hai 'sthAna' ko 'thAna', 'svarUpa' ko 'savha', 'mokSa' ko mokha, 'sparza' ko 'parase', 'dya ti' ko 'duti' Adi aise hI prayoga haiM jo adhikAMga kaviyoM kI kavitA meM prayukta haiN| saTIka pada-prayoga : ____ isa yuga ke kaviyoM kI anya mApAgata vizeSatAoM meM eka to zabdoM kA ucita sthAna para prayoga hai aura dUsarA pramAda guNa sampannagA hai| inameM zabdoM ke apane ucita sthAna para prayoga itane upayukta haiM ki unako vahAM ne haTA dene se samUcA maundarya hI naSTa ho jAtA hai / udAharaNArtha hemavijaya ke "munihema ke mAhaba dekhana kU, ugrasenalalI su akelI calI" aura "munihema ke sAhiba nemajI ho, aba torana teM tumha te tumha kyUM vahure / " meM "ugrasenalali" aura "bahure" zabdoM kA apane upayukta sthAna para hone se kAvya saundarya kitanA bar3ha gayA hai| isI prakAra mAhatmA Anandadhana ke ___ "jhar3I sadA Anandadhana varAvata, vina more eka tArI" ke "vinamore" zabda prayoga meM bhI ukta kAvya-saundarya ke darzana hote haiN| ratnakIti ke "varajyo na mAne 1. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, sapA0 paM0 becaradAsa (ka) AzA pUraNa eka paramesara, sevo zivapuravAnI // vinayavijaya, pR0 41 (va) jA jasavAda vade unahA ko, jaina dazA jasa UMcI / / yazovijayajI, pR0 47

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jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 263 nayana niThora" tathA 'umaMgI cale mati phora // 1 // ' meM "nayana niThora" aura "mati phora" aura kumudacandra ke "dukha cUrana tuhI garIva nivAja re // " meM 'garIba nivAja' Adi aise hI prayoga haiM / eka aisA hI prayoga vinaya kI kavitA se aura draSTavya hai__ * "merI merI karata bAure, phire jIu akulAya / palaka eka meM bahuri na dekhe, jala-bunda kI nyAya // " yahA~ 'vAure' zabda aise upayukta sthAna para baiThA hai, jisase pada meM jIvana A gayA hai / isa prakAra upayukta sthAna para zabdoM ko biThAnA sacce kalAkAroM kA hI kAma hai| kahAvateM aura muhAvare : kahAvatoM aura muhAvaroM ko bhI ina kaviyoM ne apanI apanI kavitA meM nagInoM kI bhA~ti jar3a diyA hai| inake svAbhAvika prayoga se inakI kavitA meM jAna A gaI hai| aise prayoga kisanadAsa kI upadezavAvanI meM bar3I saphalatA se hue hai| kavi ne gAMTha kA khAnA, nadI-nAva kA saMyoga, kaMdhA navAyA Adi choTe muhAvaroM ko apanI kavitA meM 'phiTa' kara diyA hai| kahAvatoM ke prayoga meM kavi kI siddhahastatA darzanIya hai-1. "leve ko na eka kapu, deve ko na doI hai // 13 // jyoM jyoM bhIje kAmalI, tyoM tyoM bhArI hota / / 15 / / hai hai mana caMga to kaThautI meM gaMga hai / / 26 / / dUdha ke jare kI nAi chAcha phUki pIjie / / bAMdha mUThI Ayo pai pasAre hAtha jAyavo // " kavi samayasundara kI kavitA bhI lokoktiyoM ke prayoga kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| unakI 'sItarAma caupAI' meM prayukta kucha kahAvateM dRSTavya haiM--- " chaTTI rAta likhyau te na mitti| (prathama khaNDa, chanda 11) karama taNI gati kahyi na jAya / (dUsarA khaNDa, chanda 24 ) likhyA miTaiM nahiM lekha / (khaNDa 5, DhAla 3) thUki gilai nahi koi (khaNDa 6, DhAla 3 )" jJAnAnanda ne apane eka pada meM daMbha-abhimAna aura saMsAra sukha meM Amagna mAnava ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahA hai "cAra dinAMkI cA~danI hegI, pAche aMdhAra vatAve // 4 // "2 1. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha-upadeza bAvanI .2. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, paM vecaradAsa, pR0 26

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264 bAlocanA-paMTa kavi kumudacaMda ne batAyA hai saMsAra meM vyartha bhaTakane se kucha hAtha nahIM lagatA'nikasata dhIu na nIra vilovata / ' tana, dhana, yovana Adi to nadI nAva saMyoga haiM'yoga milyo jesyo nadI nAu re // 1 kavi vinayacandra ne bhI lokoktiyoM kA prayoga kara apanI racanAnoM ko hRdayagrAhI banA diyA hai| vinayacandra kI kavitA meM kucha, uddhAraNa prastuta haiM"sAkara mAM kAMkara nikasai te sAkara nau nahi doSa" -vimalanAya stavana "eka hAthai re tAlI navi paDai re" ___ --svAbhAvika pArzvanAtha stavana "paMkhI jAtai ekaja huA, piNa kAga koila te jUbA re" -sUraprama stavana jayavantasUri ne bhI sarala rAjasthAnI bhASA ke muhAvaroM kA prayoga kiyA hai"dAdhAM upari lUNa, lagAvI ApIyA re|" -nemi rAjula vAra mAsa vela prabaMdha (1) "nisi vitaI tArA ganata, ro ro mava dina yAma / " (2) "vaha dekhaI jIu kara malati, isa dekhata saMtoSa / " -sthUlibhadra mohana veli isa prakAra vAkya yojanA aura pada-saMghaThana kI dRSTi se bhI isa yuga kI kAvyabhApA mahatvapUrNa hai| asaMkhya kahAvatoM aura muhAvaroM ke svAbhAvika prayoga dvArA bhASA ko zaktizAlI banAyA gayA hai| kavi dharmavaddhana ke adhikAMza pada 'kahAvata' ke sAtha hI samApta hote haiN| eka pada prastuta hai "naTa bAjI rI naTa bAjI, saMsAra saba hI naTa bAjI / apane svArtha kitane ujarata, rasa lubyo dekhana rAjI // 1 // chikarI kakarI ke karata, rUpaye, vaha kUdata kATha ko baajii| paMkha te turata hI karata parevA, savahI kahata hAjI hAjI // 2 // jJAnI kahai kyA dekhe gamArA, saba hI magala vidyA mAjI / magana mayo dharmasIkha na mAnata, jo mana rAjI to kyA kare kAjI // 3 // * prasAdaguNa sampannA : prasAdaguNa sampannatA to adhikAMza kaviyoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / kavi samayasundara, mahAtmA Anandaghana, yazovijayajI, jinaharSa, ratnakIti, zubhacaMndra, 2. 1. hindI pada saMgraha. saMpA0 DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 20

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jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 265 kumudacandra Adi kavi isa dRSTi se vizeSa prasiddha haiM / yathovijayajI ke isa pada meM bhASA kI madhurimA, saralatA aura sarasatA hai, vaha darzanIya hai / prabhudarzana ke lie Atura, viha valavanI, pratIkSArata AtmAnubhUti kI isa abhivyakti meM prasAdaguNa aura prAMjalatA dekhate hI banatI hai"kava ghara cetana Avege mere, kava ghara cetana AveMge / / sakhiri levU balayA vAra vAra / / rena dInA mAnu dhyAna tusAr3hA, kabahu ke varasa dekhAveMge / viraha dIvAnI phira DhuDhatI, pIu piu karake pokAreMge / piu. jAya bhale mamatAse, kAla ananta gamAge // karUM eka upAya meM udyama, anubhava mitra bolAveMge / Aya upAya karake anubhava, nAtha merA samakSAveMge // anubhava mitra kahe suna sAheba, araja eka ava dhAreMge / mamatA tyAga samatA para apanI, vege jAya apnaaveNge|| . : anubhava cetana mitra dou, sumati nizAna dhurAvege / vilasata mugva jasa lIlA meM, anubhava prIti jagAveMge // "? kavi lakSmI vallama ke padoM kI tathA "nemi-rAjula bArahamAse" kii| pratyeka paMkti meM prasAda guNa kA vaibhava hai / rAjula Atura mana se neminAtha kI pratIkSA karatI rahI, sAvana AyA para 'nema' na aaye| rAjula kI viraha dazA kA mArmika citra kavi ne bar3I hI prAsAdika zailI meM prastuta kiyA haiM "umaTI vikaTa ghanaghora ghaTA cihu~ orani morani sora macAyo / camake divi dAmini yAmini kubhaya mAmini kupiya ko saMga bhAyo / liya cAtaka pIu hI pIDa laI, bhaI rAja harI mui deha chipAyo / patiyAM paM na pAI rI prItama kI alI, zrAvaNa Ayo pai nema na Ayo / / "2 . . isa yuga ke adhikAMza kaviyoM kI bhASA meM rAgAtmikA zakti kI pravalatA hai| -- ina: kaviyoM ne * bhASA ko sajAne, saMvArane meM apanI paTutA pradarzita kI hai| isameM bhAvapravaNatA ke sAtha manoraMjakatA bhI hai| bhAvoM ko adhika tIvra banAne ke lie ina kaviyoM ne nATakIya bhASAzailI kA prayoga. bhI kiyA hai / AtmAnubhUti kI abhivyaMjanA isa zailI meM dRSTavya hai-- . . yA / 1. magana saMgraha dharmAmRta, paM0 vecaradAsa, pR0 65 2. abhaya jaina pustakAlaya, bIkAnera kI prati .

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.AlocanA-khaMTa (ka) pyAre cita vicAra le, tu kahAM se AyA / veTA beTI kavana hai, kisakI yaha mAyA // 1 // tathA (kha) bhora bhayo uTha jAgo manuvA, sAheva nAma saMbhAro / mAnAnanda kI uparyukta paMktiyoM meM Aye 'pyAre' aura 'manuvA' gabda bhASA ko bhAvapravaNa aura nATakIya rUpa dene meM samartha haiN| isI prakAra Anandaghana jI ke 'prIta kI rIta nahIM ho, prItama', 'kyA sauvaM uTha jAga vAure', 'cetana catura cogAna larI rI' Adi pada tathA kizanadAsa kI 'Aga lage mere bhAI meha kahAM pAiye', 'aho mere mana mRga kholI dekha nAna dRga' 'bare abhimAnI prAnI jAnI teM na aisI jaanii| pAnI ke-sI nIka lI. juvAnI calI jAta hai // " Adi paMktiyoM meM mApA kI vahI zakti hai| kavi dharmavarvana ke ina sarala upadezoM meM-'bhaiyA krodha karo mati koI' tathA 'mUr3ha mana karata hai mamatA ketI' meM yahI nATakIya bhASA ke darzana hote haiM / isa dRSTi se. kavi bhadrasena racita 'candana 'malayAgiri copaI', zrIsAra racita 'motI kapAsIyA saMbaMva saMvAda' tathA samatikIti racita 'jiha vAdanta vivAda' racanAeM adhika mahatvapUrNa haiM / mAdhurya aura nAda-saundarya kI dRSTi se jinarAjasUri kI bhASA kA eka aura udAharaNa dRSTavya hai"mAragi he sakhi mAragi sahiyara sAthi, __ cAlaNa he sakhi cAlaNa pagalA calavalai / . .. bheTaNa he sakhi bheTaNa * Adi jiNaMda, mo mani he sakhi mo mani nisadina Talavalai // -zatrujaya tIrthakara stavana nAdasaundarya ke sAtha chanda, tuka, gati, yati aura laya kA bhI subhaga samanvaya ina kaviyoM kI bhASA meM dekhA jAtA hai| kucha kaviyoM ne apanI ganda sAdhanA dvArA komalAnabhati ko sarasatA, madhuratA aura sukumAratA ke vAtAvaraNa meM upasthita karane ke lie samasta hasva varNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura apanI bhASA kArIgarI kA paricaya diyA hai / kavi dharmavarddhana kI 'dharma vAvanI' kRti se.eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai. . . " dharata gharama maga, harata durita raga karata sukRta mati harata maramasI / / 1. jinarAjari kRta kusumAMjali. saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 34 . - - -

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jaina gUjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 267 gahata amala guna, dahata madana vana . . . rahata nagana tana sahata garama sI / kahata kathana sana bahata amala mana tahata karana gaNa mahati paramasI / ramata abhita hita mumati jugata jati ___ carana kamala nita namata dharamasI // 5 // "1 chanda aura saMgIta vidhAna : ____ bhASA ke svAbhAvika laya-pravAha ke lie chanda-vidhAna kA bhI apanA mahatva hai| bhApA ke lAkSaNika prayoga ke lie laya aura chanda kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se hotA AyA hai / jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ne apanI kavitA meM varNika aura mAtrika donoM hI prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu mAtrika chandoM kI pradhAnatA hai / isa yuga ke adhikAMza gUrjara jaina kaviyoM ne talapadIya padavandhoM ( deziyoM) ke sAtha sAtha dohA, caupAI, soraThA, kavitta, kuMDaliyAM, savaiyA, chappaya Adi chandoM kA vizeSa prayoga kiyA hai| inameM saMgItamayatA se AdhyAtmika rasa barasA hai| ina kaviyoM kI chandayojanA vaividhyapUrNa to hai hI usameM eka ananta saMgIta kI gUMja bhI hai jo vibhinna prakAra kI DhAloM, rAginiyoM, deziyoM Adi dvArA hRdaya ke tAra jhakRta kara detI hai| isa prakAra ina kaviyoM ne apanI komala pada racanA meM laya, chanda va rAgarAginiyoM kA sanniveza kara anubhUti ko adhika Aha lAdamaya banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| .chaMdavidhAna : dohA : saMskRta ke 'zloka' aura prAkRta ke 'gAthA' chanda kI bhAMti yaha apabhraMza kA mukhya chanda rahA hai| DaoN hajArIprasAda dvivedI jI ne dohA kA mUla srota AmIra jAti ke 'virahAgAnoM' meM batAyA hai| kintu dohA kA prAcInatama rUpa 'vikramorvazIya' ke caturtha aMka meM milatA hai| bAda meM yogIndu ke 'paramAtmaprakAza', 'yogasAra' Adi racanAoM meM apabhraMza kA priya chanda bana gyaa| isa yuga ke jaina gurjara kaviyoM ne dohe kA prayoga bhakti, upadeza, adhyAtma Adi viSayaka kavitA meM kiyA hai / bhaTAraka zubhacandra ke 'tatvasAra dahA' meM dohoM kA hI prayoga huA hai / udayarAja ke dohe bhI prasiddha hai / jinaharSa kI 'dohA mAtRkA bAvanI', lakSmIvallabha kI 'dohAvAvanI', udayarAja kI 'vaidya virahiNi pravandha, 'zrImad devacandra kI 'dravya prakAga', 'sAdhu samasyA dvAdaza', 'dodhaka', 'Atmahita zikSA', samayasundara kI 'sItArAma caupAI' Adi kRtiyAM' dohA 'chanda ke prayoga kI 1. dharmadardhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA pR0 2 / - -

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268 AlocanA-khaMDa dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM / aneka kRtiyAM aisI bhI haiM, jinake bIca bIca meM dohoM kA praryApta prayoga huA hai| udayarAja kI 'vedha virahiNI prabandha' kRti se eka dohA dekhie "ko virahina jiya soca meM, ghara apanI jiya Asa / rigata pAna kyoM kara dana, gayo vaida paM pAsa // 1 // " dravya prakAza kA prArambhika dohA dekhie "aja anAdi akSaya guNI, nitya cetanAvAn / praNAmuparamAnandamaya, ziva sAMpa bhagavAn // 1 // " caupAI : apabhraMza kI kar3avakavAlI zailI jo mahAkAvyoM meM prayukta hotI thI hindI ko dohA-caupAI zailI kA mUla udgama hai / 1 hindI ke mahAkAvya 'padmAvata', 'rAmacarita mAnasa' Adi isI zailI meM likhe gaye / jaina gUrjara kaviyoM meM vinayacandra kI 'uttama kumAra caritra caupAI kuzala lAbha kA 'mAdhavAnala caupAI, vAdicandra kA 'zrIpAla AkhyAna', samayasundara kI 'sItArAma caupAI' Anandavarddha nasUri kI 'pavanAbhyAsa caupAI Adi pravatva kAvyoM meM caupAI-dohoM kA hI nidarzana hai| DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke kathAnAnusAra caupAI kA janma kathAnaka ko jor3ane ke lie hI huA thA / 2 kintu jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ne muktaka kAvyoM ke lie bhI caupAI chanda ko pasanda kiyA hai / jinaharSa kI 'RpidattA caupaI', tathA 'siddhatraka mtavana', lakSmIvallabha kI 'upadeza battIsI', dharmavarddhana kI vaidhaka vidyA' Adi kRtiyoM meM adhikAMza caupAiyoM kA hI prayoga huA hai / caupAiyoM ke sAtha adhikAMnA kRtiyoM meM prArambha, madhya athavA anta meM kahIM kahIM dohe bhI haiN| / prAyaH pravandha kAvyoM meM eka carcApAI ke uparAnta eka dohe kA krama hai, kintu muktaka racanAoM meM kamI eka dohA aura phira aneka caupAiyoM aura kabhI aneka caupAiyoM aura phira aneka dohoM kA krama calA hai| kavi vAdicanda ke zrIpAla AlyAna meM dohe-caupAI kA prayoga avalokanIya hai "Adi deva prathami nami. anta zrI mahAvIra / vAgvAdinI vadane nami, garuDa guNa gambhIra // 1. DaoN0 rAmasiMha tomara kA lekha, jaina sAhitya kI hindI sAhitya ko dena, premI abhinandana graMtha, pR0 468 2 hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR0 14

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 266 sarasati sunamati Naye aNusari, gaura harUA goyama mani dhari / bolu eka hu sarasa AkhyAna, suNa je sajjana sahu. sAvadhAna // "? jinaharSa kI "RSidattA caupAI" kI isa prakAra hai - "uttama namatAM lahIye pAra, guNa grahatAM lahIe nistAra ! jAine dUra karmanI kor3a, kahai jinaharSa namU kara jora // 32 // " dharmavarddhana kI 'vaidhaka vighA' eka cIpAI dekhie'hiradai roga svAsa arU khAsa, Dama kriyA tihAM paMca prkaas| "hudai lIka arU vartula cyAra, daMbha asthi ke madhya vicAra // 15 // " Rvitta : yaha brajabhASA kA priya chanda rahA hai / cAraNa bandIjanoM kI racanAeM prAyaH imI chanda meM huI haiN| isa yuga ke jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne isa chanda kA prayoga AvyAtmika evaM bhakti ke kSetra meM bar3I saphalatApUrvaka kiyA hai| kizanadAsa kRta 'upadeza bAvanI' manaharaNa kavittoM meM kI gaI uttama racanA hai| isame 16 bargoM ke pazcAt yati aura anta meM eka guru hai / eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai "jIvana jarA-sA duHkha janama jarAsA tAmeM, Dara hai kharA-sA kAla zira pe kharA-sA hai| koDa viralA-sA jo pai jIvaM vai pacAsA anta, bana vIca vAsA yaha vAta kA khulAsA hai / saMdhyA kA-sA vAna kAkhira kA-sA kAna cala, dala kA-sA pAna capalA kA-sA ujAsA hai| .. aisA sA rahAsA tAmeM kisana ananta AsA, pAnI meM batAsA taisA tanakA tamAsA hai // 30 // "2. . isa chanda meM laya aura tAla kA mundara samAveza hai / artha sAmya ke sAtha madhura dhvaniyoM kI yojanA prAyaH isa banda meM prApta hotI hai / kavi jinaharSa kA eka kavina isa prakAra hai "meha kai kAraNa mora lavai phuni mora kI vedana mehana jANai / dIpaka dekhi pataMga jarai aMgi so bahU dukha citta bhai nAMNai / mIna maraI jala kaMija vichohata moha gharai tanu prema pichANai / pIra dukhI kI mukhI kahAM jANata, sayaNa suNai 'jasarAja' varavANai / / " 1. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, pR0 803, maMgalAcaraNa 2. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, DaoN0 aMbAzaMkara nAgara, upadezavAvanI, pR0 166 3. jinaharpa prathAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 401 -

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270 - mAlocanA-khaMDa kavi dharmavarddhana ne bhI kavitta chanda kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai / inhoMne amarasiMha, jasavantasiMha, durgAdAsa Adi ke yazogAna meM sundara kavittoM kI racanA kI hai / 1 jinacandrasUri kI guru bhakti saMbaMdhI kavitta bhI 'inhoMne likhe hai / 2. jinaharSa ne apanI kucha laghu racanAoM ke sAtha phuTakara kavitta bhI race haiN| savaiyA : . . jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne 'savaiyA' ke viviva prakAroM kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai / brajabhASA kA yaha chanda ina kaviyoM ne kavitta kI apekSA adhika pasaMda kiyA hai| kavi lakSmI vallabha ne apanI kRti 'nemirarAjula bArahamAsA' meM dhvani vizleSaNa ke niyamAnusAra laya-taraMga kA samAveza kitane adbhuta DhaMga se isa chanda meM kiyA hai "umaTI vikaTa gharaghora ghaTA cihuM orani morani sora macAyo / camake divi dAmini yAmini kumaya bhAmini kupiya ko saMga bhAyo / liva cAtaka pIu hI pIDa laI, bhaha rAja harI bhui deha chipAyo / patiyAM pai na pAI rI prItama kI alI, zrAvaNa Ayo pai nema na Ayo // "3 jinaharSa, dharmavaddhana, samayasundara, yazovijaya Adi kaviyoM ne isa chanda kA marvAdhika prayoga kiyA hai / kavi jinaharSa kI 'jasarAja bAvanI' se eka aura udAharaNa dekhie "naga cintAmaNi DAri ke patthara jou, graheM nara mUrakha soI / sundara pATa paTavara aMbara chori ke oDhaNa leta hai loI // kAmadUdhA dharateM jU viDAra ke cheri gaheM matimanda ji koI / varmA kU chora adharma ka jasarAja uNe nija buddhi vigoI // 1 // "4 dharmabarddhana ne 'savaiyA' ke vibhinna prakAroM meM 'savaiyA ikatIsA' aura 'mayA nevImA' meM acchI racanAeM kI hai| chappaya : apabhraMza maiM chappaya kA prayoga prAyaH vIraramAtmaka kAvya meM huA hai| ina kaviyoM ne isakA bhakti aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM bhI prayoga kiyA hai| kavi dharma1. dharmavaddhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 145-48 2. dharmavaddhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 245 3. isa prabaMdha kA tIsarA zavyAya 4. jinaharSa graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR081 - -

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jaica gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 271 varddhana kI 'chappaya bAvanI'. isa dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| kavi ne anya muktaka racanAoM meM bhI isa chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| inakA eka chappaya isa prakAra hai-~ "java Uge jaga cakkha timira jiNa velA vAsa / pragaTa harsa jaba padma, ilA java' hoi ujAsai / / cir3IyAM jaba cahacahaiM, vahai mAraga jiNa velA / / dharama sIla sahu dharai, milai jaba cakavI melA // ghuma dhumai mATa gorasa-ghaNA, pUraNa vAMchita pAIye / jinadattasUri jinakuzala rA, guNa uNa velA gAIye // 1 // "? jinaharSa ne bhI aneka chappaya likhe haiM / eka udAharaNa prastuta hai "laMka sarIkhI purI vikaTa gar3ha jAsa duraMgama / pAravalI khAI samudra jihAM pahuMce nahI vihaMgama / vidyAdhara valavanta khaMDa traNa kero svAmI / seva kare jasu deva navagraha pAye nAmI / dasa kaMdha vIsaM bhujA lahe, pAra pArave senA vaha / jinaharSa rAma rAvaNa haNyo, dina palaTyo palaTyA sahu // 1 // "2 yazovijaya jI ne bhI apanI kRti 'dikpaTa caurAsI bola' meM eka do sthAnoM para chappaya chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| .. .. kuNDaliyA : dharmavarddhana kI 'kuNDaliyA vAvanI' isa chanda kI dRSTi se mahatva pUrNa racanA hai| isameM kavi ne 57 kuNDaliyAM likhIM haiM / eka kuNDalI dekhie "DAkai para ghara DAri Dara, kUkarama karai kaThora / mana meM nAMhi dayA mayA, cAhaiM para dhana cora cAha para dhana cora, jora 'kutrimana e jANo / " mumaka baMdhi mArija, ghaNI vedana kari dhAMNo / __ phala bIjAM sama phale, ava lAge nAhIM Ake / dharama kihAM dharamasIha, DAri Dara para ghara DAkai // 34 // " soraThA : lagabhaga sabhI kaviyoM ne soraThA chanda kA adhikAdhika prayoga kiyA hai| caupAI ke sAtha, dohoM ke sthAna para tathA pRthak rUpa se bhI soraThA chanda meM * kavitAeM 1. dharmavarddhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 105 2. jinaharpa graMthAvalI, sNpaa| agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 516 3. dharmavaI na graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 27 . ... ..

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72 mAlocanAvaMDa kI haiN| zrI yazovijaya jI racita "dakpaTa baurAsI bola" se eka moThA uddhRta hai-- "dAi ghar3I ke phera, kevala mAna marata kauM, bar3o moha ko ghera, bhAva prabhAva garne nahIM / / "1 / jJAnAnanda kA eka soraThA isa prakAra hai "pyAre citta vicAra le, tu kahAM se AyA / . beTA beTI kavana hai, kisakI yaha mAyA // 1 // "2 harigItikA : layAtmaka chandoM meM isa chanda. kA vizeSa mahatva hai| isameM solaha bIra bAraha mAtrAoM para virAma hotA hai / 5vI, 12vIM, 19vIM, aura 26vIM mAtrAeM laghu hotI haiN| antima do mAtrAoM meM upAntya laghu aura antya dIrgha hotA hai| zrI yazovijaya jI kI 'dikpaTa caurAsI bola' kRti se eka harigItikA isa prakAra hai "pyAraha nirkhaye eka dravye, kahe zrI jina Aga meM, jinAma ghaTata saMThANa thApana, dravya mRda guna bhAva meM / yo jIva dravyaha kevalAdika, gunaha dravyata. bhAvateM, hoi niyama pudgala dravya ko, to tana nahIM vybhicaarte||"3 . pada: isa yuga ke jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA meM padoM kA sthAna mahatvapUrNa hai| bhakti aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM padoM kA prayoga- pracupa parimANa meM huA hai| ina padoM dvArA hI ina. kaviyoM ne deza meM AdhyAtmika evaM sAhityika cetanA ko jAgRta karane kA apUrva prayatna kiyaa| prastuta pravandha meM aise aneka pada racayitAoM kA ullekha huA hai / bhaTTAraka ratnakoti, Anandadhana. kanakakIti, kumudacanda, candrakIti, zubhacanda, jinaharpa, jinarAjamUri, zrImad devacanda, varmavarddhana, maTTAnka sakalabhUSaNa, yazovijayajI. vinayavijayajI, jJAnAnanda, vAdIcanda, vidyAsAgara, samayasundara, saMyamamAgara, hemavijaya, jAna vimalamUri Adi kA pada-sAhitya uttama koTi - - - hindI ke bhakti kAvya meM padoM kA bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| meM * padoM ke pradhAna racayitAoM meM kabIra, mIrA, mUradAsa, tulasI Adi uttama koTi ke 1. gUrjara mAhitya saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pR0 576 2. bhajanasaMgraha-varmAmRta, paM0 varadAsa, pR08 3. gRjara mAhitya saMgraha. prathama nAga. pR0 546 -

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 273 kavi mAne gaye haiN| mahAkavi sUradAsa ke padoM ko dekhakara AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne inakA sambandha kisI prAcIna paramparA se hone kA anumAna kiyA hai / 1 DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI jI ne unakA udgama vauddha siddhoM ke gAnoM ko mAnA hai / 2 padoM kA mUlarUpa kucha bhI ho kintu bhakti aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM prAyaH adhikAMza jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne padoM kA khulakara prayoga kiyA hai / ina kaviyoM kA yaha pada sAhitya vibhinna chandoM se yukta aura rAga-rAganiyoM meM nivaddha hai / jaina kaviyoM ne saMbhavataH pada racanA bahuta pahale se Aramma kara dI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki inake padoM meM bhAvAbhivyakti ke sAtha-sAtha saMgItAtmakatA bhI vividha rAganiyoM ke sAtha utarI hai| saMgIta vidhAna : prAyaH sabhI jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne janatA ko AkRSTa karane ke lie geya paddhati apanAI hai| kucha janavAdI kaviyoM ne do vibhinna mAtrA yA tAla vRttoM kI kucha paMktiyAM milAkara unheM geya banAne ke lie unameM vividha rAgoM kA sammizraNa kara naye chandoM kI bhI sRSTi kI hai| ye dezI chanda saMgIta ke kSetra meM bhI apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| aise kaviyoM meM mAladeva, samayasundara, jinaharpa, dharmavarddhana, RSabhadAsa, zrImad devacandra Adi pramukha haiN| inhoMne prasiddha deziyoM, khyAloM; toM Adi ko apanI racanAoM meM pramukha sthAna diyA / saMgIta meM pramukha 6 rAga aura chattIsa rAganiyAM mAnI gaI haiN| inhIM ke bhedAnubheda, mizramAva aura prAntIya bhedoM Adi se saikar3oM naI rAganiyoM kA nirmANa huA hai| ina kaviyoM ne saMgIta kI prabhAvazAlitA ko pahacAna kara hI isakA Azraya grahaNa kiyA aura mukta rUpa se geya gItoM, padoM aura kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyA / mahAtmA Anandaghana to rAga-rAganiyoM ke paMDita hI the| inake pramukha rUpa haiM-bilAvala, dIpaka, Tor3I, sAraMga, jayajayavantI, kedArA, AsAvarI, vasaMta, naTa, soraTha, mAlakosa, mArU aadi| ye saba tritAla, ekatAla, cautAla, aura dhamAra Adi tAloM meM nivaddha hai / ina kaviyoM ke padoM ko nirdezita tAloM evaM rAgoM meM gAyA jAya to inakA prabhAva dviguNita ho uThatA hai| yaha saMgIta yojanA Upara se Aropita nahIM, zabda yojanA meM hI svata: gumphita hai / isa dRSTi se Anandadhana kA pada prastuta hai1. "ataH sUrasAgara kisI calI AtI huI gItakAvya paramparA kA~cAhe vaha maukhika hI rahI ho-pUrNa vikAsa sA pratIta hotA hai|" hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, paM0 rAmacandra zukla (vi0 saM0 1967), pR0 200 / 2. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR0 108 / -

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274 AlocanA-khaMDa sAraMga-AsAvarI "ava hama amara bhae, na mreNge| yA kAraNa mithyAta diyo taja, kyU kara deha dhareMge / rAga-dosa jagabaMdha karata haiM, inako nAsa kareMge / maryo anaMta kAla teM prANI so hama kAla hreNge| deha binAsI hU~ avinAsI apanI gati pakareMge / maryo anaMta bAra vina samajyo, aba sukha-duHkha visareMge / AnaMdaghana nipaTa nikaTa acchara ho, nahiM samare so mareMge // "1 isI prakAra digambara kaviyoM meM bhaTTAraka kumudacandra kA rAga kalyANa meM gAyA eka pada aura dekhie "cetana cetata kiu~ vAvare // vipaya viSe lapaTAya rahyo kahA, dina dina chIjata jAta Apare // 1 // tana dhana yovana capala sapana ko, yoga milyo jesyo nadI nAu re|| kAhe re mUDha na samajhata aja hU~, kumudacandra prabhu pada yaza gAuM re // 2 // "2 ina vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM ke sAtha ina kaviyoM ne sindha, mAravAr3a, mar3atA, mAlava, gujarAta Adi sthAnoM kI prasiddha deziyAM, rAginiyAM, khyAla Adi kA samAveza kara apane grathoM ko 'koSa' kA rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| ina kaviyoM dvArA gRhIta evaM vinirmita deziyoM kI Teka paMktiyoM kA paravartI kaviyoM ne khulakara prayoga kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne loka-sAhitya kA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| lokagItoM kI dhunoM ke AdhAra para aneka gItoM kI racanA kI hai aura sAtha hI unakI AdhAra bhata dhanoM ke gItoM kI AdyapaMktiyoM kA bhI apanI apanI racanAoM ke sAtha ullekha kara diyA hai / dharmavardhana viracita gItoM kI kucha dhuneM isa prakAra hai / 3 (1) muralI vajAvaM jI Avo pyAro kAnha / - (2) ur3a re AMvA koila morii| 1. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, DaoN0 ambAzakara nAgara, pR0 148 / 2. hindI-pada saMgraha, saMpA0 DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 20 / 3. dharmavardhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA /

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__ jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 275 (3) kapUra huvai ati Ujalo re / (4) saguNa sanehI mere lAla / isI prakAra jinaharpa dvArA prayukta kucha prasiddha deziyAM isa prakAra haiM-1 (1) morA prItama te kima kAyara hoi / (2) nIMdaDalI vairaNa huI rhii| (3) udhava mAdhava ne kahijyo / (4) mana madhukara mohI rahyo / (5) mohana muMdar3I le gyo| (6) Apa suvAratha jaga sahU / aisI aneka Adya paMktiyAM ina dharma pracAraka kaviyoM kI kRpA se surakSita raha makI hai / 2 ina kaviyoM kI yaha saMgIta-paddhati pratyeka rAga-premI ko rasa magna karane meM samartha hai / janamana ko AkarSita aura abhibhUta karane kI jitanI sAmarthya saMgItazAstra meM hai, utanI anya kisI zAstra meM nhiiN| ina kaviyoM kI kavitA meM chandoM kA nirmANa saMgIta-zAstra kI naisargikatA pragaTa karatA hai| tAla, laya, gaNa, gati aura yati Adi saMgIta ke hI pramukha aMga haiM, jinheM chandajJoM ne svIkAra kara liyA hai| alaMkAra-vidhAna : kAvya kI gomA meM abhivRddhi karane vAle tattvoM ko alaMkAra kahA gayA hai / ye alaMkAra jahAM eka ora kathya kI abhivyakti ko sundaratA pradAna karate haiM vahAM dUsarI ora kavi kI kalpanA ke paricAyaka bhI hote haiM / kavi jisa rUpa meM viSaya ko anubhUta karatA hai usI rUpa meM prakaTa na karake use kalpanA ke sahAre adhika prabhAvazAlI astitva pradAna karatA hai| isIlie alaMkaraNa kI pravRtti isakI vizeSatA hai / yaha alaMkaraNa do rUpoM meM hotA hai-(1) zabdAlaMkAra, tathA (2) arthAlaMkAra ke rUpoM meN| . (1) zabdAlaMkAra : isake antargata zabdoM kA saMyojana Adi isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai ki kavitA meM eka prakAra kA camatkAra utpanna hue vinA nahIM rhtaa| yaha camatkAra hI bhAva ko vaiziSTya pradAna karatA hai| zabdAlaMkAra meM sarvapramukha alaMkAra haiM anuprAsa / Alocya yugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne anuprAsa ke bar3e sundara prayoga kie haiN| kavi kizanadAsa kA eka udAharaNa dekhie - 1. jinaharSa thAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA / 2. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhAga 3, khaNDa 2, prAcIna deziyoM kI suucii|

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276 AlocanA-khaMDa "jIvana jarAsA dukha janama jarA sA tApa / Dara hai kharA-sA kAla zirapai kharA-sA hai / / koU viralAsA jo pai jIvai dve pacAsA aMta / vana vica bAsA yaha bAta kA khulAsA hai / saMdhyA kA-sA bAna karivarasA kAna caladala kA-sA pAna capalA kA-sA ujAsA hai / / aisA sA tApai kizana ananta AsA / pAnI meM batAsA taisA tanakA tamAsA hai // 30 // "1 uparyukta paMktiyoM meM anuprAsa-vizeSataH varNAnuprAsa evaM vRtyAnuprAma kI chaTA darzanIya hai / anuprAsa ke atirikta anya alaMkAroM kA (yathA-upamA, udAharaNa Adi kA) camatkAra bhI vizeSa ullekhya hai| anuprAsa ke atirikta yamaka bhI gabdAlaMkAra hI hai| isa yuga ke jaina kaviyoM ne isa alaMkAra kA bhI sArthaka prayoga kiyA hai-- yamaka : (1) "sAraMga dekhi sidhAre sAraMgu, sAraMga nayani nihaarii|"-rtnkiirti2 (2) "kara ke maNi taji ke kachu hI aba, pheraha re manakA mnkaa|" -dharmavardhana3 ukta donoM udAharaNoM meM se prathama meM 'sAraMga' zabda kA jo tIna bAra prayoga huA haiM vaha tInoM bAra hI pRthak artha ko lekr| isI prakAra dUsare udAharaNa meM anuprAsazliSTa yamaka camatkArakSama hai| arthAlaMkAra : jaina kaviyoM kI ina kavitAoM meM zabdAlaMkAroM ke sAtha aneka arthAlaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga haA hai| ina alaMkAroM se mAtra svarUpa-bodha hI nahIM hotA apitu upameya ke bhAva bhI udbuddha hote dikhAI dete hai / isa dRSTi se yahAM kucha arthAlaMkAra prastuta haiM1. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara, 10 166 / 2. saM0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, hindI-pada saMgraha, pR03| 3. saM0 agaracanda nAhaTA, dharma bAvanI, dharmavardhana graMthAvalI, pR0 13 /

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banaM gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 297 rUpaka upamA "pUraNa candra jisI mukha tero, daMta paMkti macakunda kalI ho| sundara nayana tArikA gobhita, mAnu kamala dala madhya alI ho / " -samayamundara ___"pyAsa na chIpai darasa kI, DUbi rahI neha-hoji ||"2-jyvNtsri sAMgarUpaka "nAyakAna rAsI yaha vAgurina bhAsI khAsI, lie hAMsI phAMsI tAke pAza meM na paranA, pAradhI anaMga phire mohana dhanupa dhare, paina nayana vAna khara tAteM tAhI DaranA, kuca hai pahAra hAra nadI romarAI tRna, kisana amRta aina baina mukhi jharanA, aho mere mana-mRga khola dekha jAna dRga, yaha vana chor3i kahU~ aura Thaura caranA |"3--kigndaas utprekSA tanu zudha khoya ghUmata mana emeM, mAnu kucha khAI mAMga / '4 --Anandaghana mAlopamA 'jaise tAra harani ke vRnda sauM virAjai canda, jaise girarAja rAjai nanda vana rAja sau| jaise dharmagIla sauM virAjai gaccharAja taise, rAjai jinacandrasUri saMgha ke samAja sau ||"5-dhrmvrdhn prauDhokita 'likhyo ju lalATa lekha tAmeM kahA mIna mekha, karama kI rekha TArI hu na Tare hai |"6-~-kishndaan udAharaNa 'mAna sIkha merI vhegI aisI gati terI yaha / jesI mUThI DherI rAsa kI mamAna meM ||"7---kigndaas - 1. sabhamundara kRta kumumAMjali, pR0 26 / 2. syUlibhadra mohana veli / 3. ambAzaMkara nAgara, gujarAta ke hiMdI gaurava graMtha, pR0 167 / 4. Anandaghana pada sNgrh| 5. dharmavIna graMthAvalI, pR0 236 / 6. DaoN0 ambAgaMkara nAgara, gujarAta ke hindI gaurava natha, pR0 162 / 7. vahI, pR0 180 //

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278 AlocanA-baMDa kAyaliMga 'caupa karI kAha cUhe sAMpa ko piTAro kATyo, so anajAne pAne pannaga ke pare hai| kisana anudyamahi calyo yahI peTa bharI, udyama hI karata turata cUhA mare hai; dekho kyoM na karI kAhu hunnara hajAra nara, hna hai kachu soI jo vidhAtA nAtha kare hai|"1----kishndaas virodhAbhAsa 'canda ujArA jagi kiyA merai manihura aMdhiyAra / 2-jayavaMtasUri maMdeha ke devI ke kinnarI, ke vidyAdhara kAi |'3-smysundr udAtta 'zrI nemisara guNa nilau, tribhuvana tilau re| caraNa vihAra pavitta, jaya jaya giranAra gire ||4-smysundr svabhAvokti 'pagi ghUgharar3I ghamaghamaire, Thamaki Thamaki gharai pAu re / bAMha pakari mAtA kahaire, godI khelaNa Aure // civukArai cipaTI hIyaire, hularAvai ura laayre| bolai bola ju manamanAre, datiyA doi dikhAire // "5 -jinarAjasUri uparyukta udAharaNa AlocyakAlIna kaviyoM kI aprastuta-vidhAna-kSamatA kA pUrA paricaya de dete haiN| ina arthAlaMkAroM kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve Aropita nahIM hai, sahaja-svAmAvika haiN| ina alaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se jahAM artha meM camatkAravRddhi hotI hai vahAM ve bhAratIya jIvana ke vizvAsoM kI sahaja rUpa se abhivyakti bhI karate calate haiM, yathA praur3hokti va kAvyaliMga alaMkAra / kizanadAsa ke ukta sAMgarUpaka meM nArI para vana kA Aropa aura mana para mRga kA Aropa kara virAga ke upadeza ko bar3I saphalatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra udAtta alaMkAra meM giranAra ke prastuta, varNana meM 'nemisara' ko aMgarUpa se rakhakara giranAra kA mahatva camatkArika DhaMga se upasthita kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvokti to svabhAvokti hai hii| uparyukta udAharaNoM ke atirikta Alocya kaviyoM kI kavitAoM meM aneka va aneka prakAra ke alaMkAroM kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| 1. vahI, pR0 162 / 2. sthUlibhadra mohana veli / 3. agaracanda nAhaTA, sItArAma caupaaii| 4. samayasundara kusumAMjali, pR0 110 / / 5. jinarAjasUri kRta kumumAMjali, pR0 31 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 276 pratIka-vidhAna pratIka eka aisA vidhAna hai jisameM vicAra athavA aprastuta ko pAramparIya arthoM meM rUr3ha kisI rUpa ke dvArA abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai| vastutaH yaha eka aisA pratividhAna hai jo amUrta ke lie mUrta adRzya ke lie dRzya; aprApya ke lie prastuta tathA anirvacanIya ke lie vacanIya tatvoM ko upasthita kara abhivyakti kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka pratIka sambandha, sAhacarya, paramparA azavA AkasmikatA ke kAraNa kisI aprastuta ke lie prastuta kA vidhAna hai| pratIka vAhya prakRti se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa indriyagamya adhika hote haiM aura amUrta bhAvanAoM kI pratIti karAne meM samartha hote haiM / inase bhASA meM lAghava, abhivyakti meM camatkAra tathA viSaya meM vyaMgyatva bar3ha jAtA hai / Alocya yugIna jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ne apanI kavitA meM upamAna rUpa meM pratIkoM kA vizepa prayoga kiyA hai| prabhAva sAmya ko lekara Aye ina pratIkoM meM bhAvodavodhana yA bhAvapravaNatA kI zakti hai / ye kavi apanI mArmika antardRSTi dvArA bhAvAbhivyaMjanA ke lie pUrNa sAmarthya se yukta pratIkoM kA vidhAna kara sake haiN| bhAvotpAdaka aura vicArotpAdaka jaise bheda ina kaviyoM ke pratIkoM meM nahIM kara skte| vaise bhI bhAva aura vicAra meM sImArekhA khIMcanA muzkila hai| adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie inheM hama nimna cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM (1) duHkha, vikArAdi ke sUcaka pratIka / (2) AtmAbhivyaMjaka pratIka / (3) zarIra kI vibhinna dazAoM meM abhivyaMjaka pratIka / (4) Atmika sukha evaM guNoM ke abhivyaMjaka pratIka / prathama vibhAga meM bhujaMga, vipa, tama, saMdhyA, rajanI paMca, lahara, hasti, vana, mRga, mRgatRSNA, maccha, dariyA Adi pramukha rUpa se Ate haiN| bhujaMga : bhUjaMgama1, vipanAgara bhUmaMgani3 Adi zabda prayoga dvArA ina kaviyoM ne rAga hepAdi kI sUkSma bhAvanA kI abhivyakti kI hai| ataH yaha pratIka mana ke vikAroM ko prakaTa karane ke lie AyA hai| ye vikAra AtmA kI paratantratA ke kAraNa hai 1. majana saMgraha dharmAmRta, paM0 baicaradAsajI yazovijayajI ke pada, pR0 56 / 2. AnaMdadhana pada saMgraha, pada naM0 41 / 3. vahI, pada, 31 /

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280 bAlocanA-vaMda ata: marpa ke samAna bhayaMkara evaM kaSTadAyI hai| isa pratIka dvArA ina vikAroM kI bhayaMkaratA abhivyakta karanA hI sAdhya hai| jinaharSa kI kavitA meM bhI yaha pratIka, imI artha meM prayukta huA hai| vipa : yaha vipayodbhUta kAla kA pratIka hai| 'vipa' mRtyu kA kAraNa hai, para vipaya to mRtyu se bhI bhayaMkara hai| yaha janma-janmAntaroM kI mRtyu kA kAraNa hai ! ataH isakI bhayaMkaratA ima pratIka dvArA acche DhaMga se vyakta huI hai| mahAtmA Anandaghana, yagovijayajI kizanadAsa, samayasundara dharmavardhana Adi kaviyoM ne 'vipa' pratIka kA prayoga isI artha meM kiyA hai| kavi kumudacandra kI kavitA meM bhI yaha pratIka isI artha meM AyA hai / nimna paMktiyAM draSTavya haiM "cetana cetata kiuM vAyare / / viSaya viSe lapaTAya rahyo kahA, dina dina chIjata jAta Apare // 1 // tana dhana yovana capala sapana ko, yoga milyo jesyo nadI nAu re // kAhe re mur3ha na samajhata aja hUM, kumudacandra prabhu pada yaza gAu~ re // 1 // "2 ukta pada meM pratIka apanA rUpakatva lie hue hai| tama: __ yaha moha tathA ajJAna kA pratIka hai| ajJAna tathA moha ke kAraNa mAnava antardRSTi kho baiThatA hai| isake prabhAva se viveka naSTa ho jAtA hai| jinaharpa, samaya sundara, dharmavardhana, jJAnAnaMda Adi ne isa pratIka dvArA AtmA kI moha-dazA, mithyAtva aura ajJAna kI abhivyakti kI hai| __ 'saMdhyA'3 tathA anya samAnArthI pratIka-yaha pala-pala parivartanazIla manodagA tathA jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA pratIka hai| kavi kizanadAsa ne jIvana kI abhivyakti ke lie use "saMdhyA kA-sA vAna", 'karivara kA-sA kAna cala', 'capalA kA-sA-ujAsA', 'pAnI meM vatAsA' Adi pratIka-prayoga kie haiN| 1. hindI pada saMgraha, saMpA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 20 / 2. dharmavardhana graMthAvalI, pR0 86 tathA bhajanasaMgraha-jJAnAnaMda ke pada, pR0 17 / 3. dharmavIna graMthAvalI, pR0 60 tathA kizanadAsa kI upadeza bAvanI / -

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 281 'rajanI' 1 yaha rAga dveSAdi se utpanna Antarika vedanA kA pratIka hai | ina kaviyoM ne 'rajanI' kA prayoga isI Antarika vedanA aura nirAzA janita bhAvoM hat afarkta ke lie kiyA hai / jJAnAnaMda, kizanadAsa, yazovijaya, jinaharSa Adi ne bhI rajanI pratIka kA prayoga kiyA hai | C "paMca" 2-paMcedriyAM aura unake dvArA viSayasevana ke lie saMkhyAmUlaka pratIka rUpa meM isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai | jJAnAnanda, yazovijaya, dharmavarddhana Adi kaviyoM ne viSayAzakti aura indriyoM ke svairAcAra kI abhivyakti isa pratIka dvArA kI hai / isa prakAra ke duHkha vikArAdika ke sUcaka pratIkoM meM jJAnAnanda kI kavitA meM moha, mAyA, prapaMca tathA pAkhaMDa ke 'naTavAjI', 'tasakara' cora, nIMda Adi pratIkoM ke dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA hai / jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA ke lie vinayavijaya jI ne bAdala kI chAha, AnaMdaghana jI ne 'chAMha gagana vadarIrI' tathA kizanadAsa ne kAyA kI mAtrA ke lie 'bAdala kI chAyA' kahA hai / isI taraha AnaMdaghana aura yazovijaya jI ne-kAma-krodhAdi vikAroM ko 'ari', saMsAra sukha ko mRgatRSNA viSaya vAsanArata jIva ko 'kAga', saMsArI jIvana ko 'avalA', haThIle mana ko 'ghor3A' 3, jovana jhalaka ko 'capalA kI-sI camaka' 4 tathA viSayasukha ko 'dhanuSa jaiso ghana ko '5 kahA hai / 'hasti' 6 pratIka ahaMkAra aura ajJAna ke bhAva ko aura ahaMkArI vyakti kI kriyAeM madonmatta hAthI kI dharmavarddhana ne apane pratIkoM ko svayaM spaSTa karate likhA hai vyakta karatA hai / ajJAnI taraha hI hotI haiM / kavi " mana mRga tu tana vana me mAtI / keli kare carai icchA cArI, jANeM nahIM dina jAto // 1 // mAyArUpa mahA mRgatrisanAM, jinameM dhAve tAto / Akhara pUrI hota na icchA, to bhI nahI pachatAto // 2 // 6 1. hindI pada saMgraha, saMpA0 DaoN0 kastUratanda kAsalIvAla, pR0 16 kumudacaMda ke pada / 2. bhajana saMgraha dharmAmRca, jJAnAnanda ke pada, pR0 6 / 3. "ghorA jhUThA hai re tU mata bhUle asacArA / " vinayavilAsa, vinayavijaya / 4. upadeza bAvanI, kizanadAsa / 5. ( a ) hasti mahAmada masta manohara, bhAra vahAI ke tAhi vigove || 5 || jinaharSa, jasarAja bAvanI / (A) jovana tasuNI tanu revA taTa, mana mAtaMga ramA cau // jinarAjasUri kRta kusumAMjali, pR0 62-63 6. dharmavarddhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 60 /

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282 AlocanA-khaMDa Anandavarddhana ke 'bhaktAmara sarvayA' se saMsAra kI bhayaMkaratA ke lie prayukta pratIka dekhie 'sai akule kucha maccha jahAM garaja dariyA ati bhIma bhayo hai, o vaDavAnala jA julamAna jala jala meM jala pAna ko hai|" lola uttarAMka lolani ke para vAri jihAja ucchari diyo hai, aise tuphAna maiM tauhi japa taji meM sukha sau zivadhAma layo hai / / 40 // 1 yahAM tUphAnI samudra, saMsAra kA pratIka hai, maccha saMsArI jIvoM kA pratIka hai, vADavAnala saMsAra ke duHkhAdi kA pratIka, uttAla taraMge kaSToM va vighnoM kI pratIka, jahAja mAnava deha kA pratIka tathA prabhu kA nAma sukha aura zakti kA pratIka hai| kavi ne saMsAra rUpI mahAsAgara kI vikarAlatA-bhayaMkaratA kA spaSTa citra de diyA hai / AtmAbhivyaMjaka pratIkoM meM haMsa, cetana, nAyaka, zivadAsI, bhIta, paMkhI, machalI, jauharI, vUda, bhramara, tavIva, Adi pratIka pradhAna hai / ina kaviyoM ne ina pratIkoM dvArA AtmA ke vibhinna rUpoM kI abhivyakti kI hai| haMsa aura paMkhI usa AtmA ke pratIka hai jo prathama saMsAra kI ramaNIyatA se AkarSita hote haiM para samaya pAkara usase virakta ho sAdhanA-mArga dvArA nirvANa ko prApta hote hai / kiganadAsa, jinaharpa, yazovijayajI, dharmavarddhana, brahma ajita Adi kaviyoM ne AtmA kI isI avasthA kI abhivyakti haMsa2 tathA pakSI3 pratIka dvArA kI hai / cetana, nAyaka, zivavAsI Adi pratIka dvArA zaktizAlI AtmA kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| apanI vAstavikatA kA jJAna hote hI aisI AtmA rAgadveSAdi se mukta ho apane zuddha svarUpa meM prakAzita ho jAtI haiM / jJAnAnanda, AnaMdaghana, yazovijayajI Adi ne isa pratIka kA khulakara prayoga kiyA hai| kumudacaMdra ne bhI "cetana" pratIka ke prayoga dvArA AtmA ko cetAyA hai / 4 jJAnAnanda ne pravuddha AtmA ke lie "javaherI" "zivavAsI" paMkhI". 'vanda' Adi pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / 5 vinaya vijaya ne AtmA aura paramAtmA ke saMbaMdha ko abhivyakta karane ke lie "jala-mIna sambandha" tathA "jala-bUda kA nyAya" 1. bhaktAbhara savaiyA, Anandavarddhana, prastuta pravandha kA tIsarA adhyAya / 2. hasA tU kari saMyama, jana na par3i saMsAra re haMsA |-hNsaagiit, brahma ajita / 3. vaha paMkhI ko jo koI jAne, so jJAnAnanda nidhi' pAve re| bhajanasaMgraha, dharmAmRta; pR0 16 / 4. cetana cetata kiu vAvare / hindI pada saMgraha, DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla / 5. majana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, paM0 vecaradAsa, jJAnAnaMda ke pada, naM0 16, 24, 27 /

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jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 283 kahA hai / 1 mahAtmA AnaMdaghana jI ne bhI "javaharI" aura "tabIva" pratIkoM dvArA AtmA kI isI bhAva dazA ko pragaTa kiyA hai / 2 "bhramara" pratIka prabhu guNa para vilubdha AtmA kA pratIka hai / samayasundara, jinarAjasUri, jinaharSa, yazovijaya Adi kaviyoM ne isa rasa-lubdha dazA kI abhivyakti isa pratIka dvArA kI hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai "bhamara anubhava bhayo, prabhu guNa vAsa lahyo / "3 mIta, mItA Adi pratIka brahma ke artha meM prayukta hue haiN| dharmavarddhana aura jJAnAnanda kI kavitA meM aise prayoga adhika haiM / jJAnAnaMda kI kavitA se eka udAharaNa avalokanIya hai "sAdho nahiM maliyA hama mItA / mItA khAtara ghara ghara bhaTakI, pAyo nahiM prtiitaa| jahAM jAu tAhAM apanI apanI, mata pakha mAMkhe rItA // 1 // "4 "viNajArA" pratIka rAga-dveSa mohAdi se pUrNa saMsArI AtmA ke lie prayukta hai / jJAnAnaMda ne bhI isI artha meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai "vinajarA khepa bharI bhArI // cAra desAvara khema karI tama, lAbha lahyo bahu bhArI / phiratA phiratAM bhayo tu nAyaka, lAkhI nAma saMbhArI // 1 // "5 zarIra kI vibhinna dazAoM ke abhivyaMjaka pratIkoM meM nagarI, mandira, duHkhamahala, maTha, mATI, kAca rana maidAna, nAva, piMjarA Adi pramukha haiN| mahAtmA AnaMdaghana ne zarIra kI kSaNabhaMguratA batAte hue "maTha" pratIka kA samucita prayoga kiyA hai "maTha meM paMca bhUta kA vAsA, sAsA dhUta khavIsA, dhina dhina tohI chalanaku cAhe, samajhe na baurA sIsA // "6 yahAM "maTha" zarIra kA pratIka hai| isa miTTI ke ghara meM sanAtana sukha khojanA pAnI meM machalI ke padaciha na khojane ke barAbara hai| pAMca tatvoM ko 'paMcabhUta' - 1. vahI, vinaya vijaya ke pada naM0 31, 32 / 2. Anandadhana pada saMgraha, pada saMkhyA, 16, 48 / 3. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, prathama bhAga, yazovijayajI, pR0 124 / 4. bhajana saMgraha dharmAmRta, paM0 vecaradAsa, jJAnAnaMda ke pada, pR0 13 / 5. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, pa0 vecaradAsa, pR0 10 / 6. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, saMpA0 buddhisAgarasUri, pada 7

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284 AlocanA-khaMDa aura zvAsocchazvAsa ko bar3A bhUta, 'dhUta khavIsa' kahakara ina pratIkoM dvArA zarIra ke prati vitRSNA jagAI hai| AtmA kI anubhavahInatA tathA ajJAnatA evaM bholI dazA ko 'vaurA sIsA' pratIka dvArA abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| kizanadAsa ne zarIra kI nazvaratA ke lie 'mATi ke gar3hAva', 'reta kI gar3hI' tayA 'preta kI mar3hI' pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / 1 yazovijaya jI ne isa zarIra ke lie 'raNa medAna' pratIka kA prayoga ki hai / kAma, krodha, lobha, mohAdi zatruoM se isI 'raNa maidAna' meM lohA lenA par3atA hai __ "rana maiMdAna lare nahIM arami, sura lare jyu pAlo // 2 jinaharpa ke ise 'kAca kA bhAjana" kahA hai / 3 jJAnAnaMda jI ne zarIra kI isa dazA ke lie 'daza daravAje', 'nagarI', 'mandira', 'mahala' Adi pratIkoM kA sahArA liyA hai / 4 AnaMdaghana jI ne 'duHkha mahela', 'nAva' Adi pratIkoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| zarIra ke prati moha dazA ke lie 'dhughaTa' pratIka kA bhI acchA prayoga huA hai| jinaharpa ne 'piMjarA' pratIka dvArA bhautika zarIra aura Atmatatva kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai "dasa duvAra ko pIjaro, tAmai paMchI pauna / rahaNa acUMvo hai jasA, jANa acUbo kauna // 4 // "5. adhikAMza jaina-garjara kaviyoM ne isa prakAra ke pratIkoM kA sahArA lekara zarIra kI vibhinna dazAoM kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai / anta meM sukha evaM guNoM ke abhivyaMjaka pratIkoM meM madhu, phUla, motI, amRta, prabhAta-bhora, upA, dIpa, prakAza, Adi pramukha hai| 'ma' pratIka dvArA aindriya sukha kI abhivyakti huI hai| aindriya sukha itanA AkarSaka hai ki mAnava mana usake prati sahaja hI virikta nahIM dikhA sktaa| samayamandara, jinaharSa kizanadAna Adi kaviyoM ne sukhecchA kI bhAvAnubhUti ke lie isa pratIka kA prayoga kiyA hai / 1. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha, DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara, upadeza vAvanI, pR0 166-67 / 2. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, prathama bhAga; yazovijayajI, pR0 160 / 3. jinaharpa graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, 4. jinaharpa graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracaMda nAhaTA, pR0 416 / / 5. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, prathama bhAga, yazovijayajI, pR0 76 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 285 _ 'motI, 'prabhAta', 'upA' Adi pratIkoM dvArA zAzvata saundarya kI abhivyakti ina kaviyoM ne kI hai / AnaMdaghana, vinayavijaya, jinaharpa, samayasundara Adi ne ina pratIkoM kA isI artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| 'amRta' AtmAnaMda kI abhivyakti kA pratIka hai / yazovijaya jI kI kavitA se eka udAharaNa daSTavya hai "jasa prabhu nemi mile duHkha DAryo, rAjula ziva sukha amRta piyo / "? Anandaghana jI ne 'varSA buda' tathA 'samunda' ke dvArA AtmA aura brahma kI abhivyakti kI hai tathA AtmA bhI brahma meM laya hone kI dazA kA sundara nirUpaNa kiyA hai| "varSA buda samunda samAnI, khabara na pAve koI, Anandaghana hra jyoti samAve, alakha kahAve soI / / " isI prakAra 'dIpaka' prakAzarUpa brahma va 'cetana ratana' jAgrata AtmA ke lie prayukta pratIka haiM 'tatva guphA meM dIpaka jou, cetana ratana jagAu re, vahAlA // ". AtmanAna ke lie 'jAna kusuma' pratIka kA prayoga dekhie "jJAnakusuma kI sejana pAi, rahe adhAya adhAya / "2 saMkSepataH, ina kaviyoM ne sUkSma bhAvoM kI abhivyakti evaM mArmika pakSoM kA udghATana karane ke lie pratIkoM kA Ayojana kiyA hai| niSkarSa : 1 Alocya yugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI vANI sAdhAraNa janasamAja ke lie racI jAne ke kAraNa sarala tathA lokAbhimukha rahI hai| usameM prAntIya mApAoM ke zabdoM kA sahaja sammizraNa hogayA hai / ina kaviyoM kA eka mAtra uddezya bhApA ko bodhagamya evaM lokabhogya vanAnA rahA hai, ataH kAvya zAstrocita niyamoM ke nirvAha kI vizeSa paravAha nahIM kI gaI hai / phira bhI bhASA ke vikAsonmukha rUpa kI dRSTi se ina kaviyoM kI bhASA kA bar3A mahatva hai| 2 Anandadhana, yazovijaya, jinaharSa, ratnIti, kumudacaMdra Adi kaviyoM kA bhASA kI dRSTi se bar3A mahatva hai| aise kaviyoM kA bhASA ke rUpa ko sajAne aura pariSkRta karane meM vizeSa hAtha hai / inakI bhApA meM sarala, komala, madhura tathA savodha 1. vahI, pR0 85 / 2. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta paM0 becaradAsa vinayavijaya ke pada 32 / -

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286 AlocanA khaMDa gabda prayoga svAbhAvika rUpa meM hue haiN| unakI zabda yojanA, vAkyoM kI banAvaTa tathA bhApA kI lakSaNikatA yA dhvanyAtmakatA bhI ullekhanIya hai| 3 adhikAMza kaviyoM ne bhApA ko saMgItAtmakatA aura adhika manorama tathA prabhAvotpAdaka banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ina kaviyoM meM saMgIta mAtra mukharita hI nahIM huA, svara, tAla ke sAtha svayaM mUrtimaMta huA hai| aise sthaloM meM bhApA kI komalakAntatA aura pravahamAnatA dekhate hI banatI hai| 4 inakI vaividhyapUrNa chanda yojanA meM bhI maMgIta kI gUja hai, jo vibhinta prakAra kI tAloM, rAginiyoM, deziyoM Adi ke dvArA hRdaya ke tAra jhaMkRta kara detI hai| yadyapi ina kaviyoM kI kavitA meM vaNita aura mAtrika donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga huA hai tathApi mAtrika chandoM kI pradhAnatA hai / dohA, caupAI, soraThA, kavitta, kuMDaliyAM, savaiyA, chappaya, pada Adi chanda inake priya tathA adhikAdhika prayukta chandra rahe haiN| 5 jana-gUrjara kaviyoM ne alaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai, para unako pramukhatA nahIM dI hai| kavitA meM alaMkAra svabhAvataH hI Aye hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAma aura yamaka tathA arthAlaMkAroM meM upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka udAharaNAlaMkAra, udAtta virodhAbhAsa Adi kA sundara evaM svAbhAvika niyojana ina kI kavitAoM meM huA hai / 6 jaina-gurjara kaviyoM ne prastuta ke prati tIva bhAvAnubhUti jagAne ke lie aprastuta kI yojanA kI hai| isameM svAbhAvikatA, marmasparzitA evaM bhAvodreka kI sakSamatA hai| apanI bhautika AMkhoM se dekhe padArtho kA anubhava kara, inhoMne kalpanA dvArA eka nayA rUpa upasthita kiyA hai, jo vAhya jagat aura antarjagat kA samanvaya sthApita karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki inakI AtmAbhivyaMjanA utkRSTa bana par3I hai / ina bhAvuka kaviyoM ko tIvra rasAnubhUti kI abhivyakti ke lie pratIkoM kA sahArA lenA par3A hai| samagrataH ina kaviyoM kI bhASA meM spaSTatA, saralatA aura yathArthatA hai tathA zailI meM virakta sAdhuoM-sI nirmIkatA hai| inameM na pAMDitya-pradarzana hai aura na alaMkAroM kI bharamAra / zabdADambaroM se ye kavi dUra hI rahe haiM /

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prakaraNa : 6 Alocya yuga ke jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM prayukta vividha kAvyarUpa (1) (vipaya tathA chanda kI dRSTi se ) rAsa, caupAI athavA catuSpadI, beli, cauDhA liyA, gajala, chanda, nIsANI, kuNDaliyAM, chappaya, dohA, savaiyA, piMgala aadi| (2) ( rAga aura nRtya kI dRSTi se ) vivAhalo, maMgala, prabhAtI, rAgamAlA, bathAvA, gahU~lI Adi / (3) (dharma-upadeza Adi kI dRSTi se ) pUjA, saloka, kalaza, vaMdanA, stuti, stavana, stotra, gIta, sajjhAya, vinatI, pada Adi / (4) ( saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ) aSTaka, bIsI, caubIsI, battIsI, chattIsI, bAvanI, bahottarI, zataka / (5) ( parva, Rtu, mAsa Adi kI dRSTi se ) phAga, dhamAla, horI, bArahamAsA, caumAsA aadi| (6) ( kathA-pravandha kI dRSTi se ) prabandha, caritra, saMvAda, AkhyAna, kathA, vArtA Adi / (7) (vividha viSayoM kI dRSTi se ) pravahaNa-vAhaNa, dIpikA, candrAulA, cUnar3I, mUkhar3I, AMtarA, duvAveta, nAmamAlA, dodhaka, jakar3I, hiyAlI, dhra pada, kulaka Adi /

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prakaraNa : 6 Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA meM prayukta kAvya-rUpa pratyeka kavi ko uttarAdhikAra meM aneka paramparAe~ prApta hotI hai / ye paramparAe~ hI prayoga sAtatya se kisI kAvya-rUpa vizeSa ko rUr3ha karatI jAtI hai| rUpa apanI Adima avasthA meM kisI kavi ke dvArA kisI uddezya ko lekara, jo saMkhyA va viSaya ko lekara bhI ho sakatA hai, chandovaddha vidhAna hotA hai| isa prakAra ke vidhAna ke antargata saMkhyA ko lekara jahAM vAvanI, zataka va satasayoM Adi kA parigaNana kiyA jA sakatA hai vahAM rAga, nRtya, dharma, upadeza, parva, Rtu, mAsa, prabandhAdi kI dRSTi se aneka kAvya-rUpa prakalpita kie jA sakate haiN| kAvya-rUpoM ke isa vaividhya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie hama Alocya yugIna kaviyoM kI kavitA meM prayukta kAvya-rUpoM kA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra se kara sakate hai (1) vipaya tathA chanda kI dRSTi se-rAsa, caupAI, veli, DhAla, cauDhAliyA, gajala, chanda, nIsANI, kuNDaliyAM, chappaya, dohA, savaiyA, piNgl| (2) rAga aura nRtya kI dRSTi se-vivAhalo, maMgala, prabhAtI, raagmaalaa| (3) dharma upadeza Adi kI dRSTi se-pUjA, saloka, vaMdanA, stuti, stotra, gIta, sajjhAya, vinatI, pada, nAmamAlA / (4) saMkhyA kI dRSTi se-aSTaka, bIsI, caubIsI, battIsI, chattIsI, vAvanI, bahottarI, zataka / (5) parva, tuR,mAsa Adi kI dRSTi se-phAga, dhamAla, horI, baarhmaasaa| (6) kathA-pravandha kI dRSTi se-vandha, caritra, saMvAda, AkhyAna, kathA / (7) vividha viSayoM kI dRSTi se-pravahaNa, vAhaNa, pradIpikA, candrAulA, cUnar3I, sUkhar3I, duvAvaita / (1) vipaya tathA chanda kI dRSTi se prayukta kAvya-prakAra rAsa : rAsa graMthoM kI racanA apabhraMza kAla se hI hotI rahI hai / apabhraMga kI rAsa paramparA kA vizeSata: jaina kaviyoM ne dezI bhApAoM meM bhI nirvAha kara use

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260 AlocanA-khaMDa sajIva rakhA hai| hindI evaM gujarAtI bhASAoM meM rAsa mAhitya kI vipula sarjanA huI hai | ( ina racanAoM meM rAjasthAnI aura jUnI gujarAtI' kI racanAe~ bhI sammi lita hai ) jaina gurjara kaviyoM ne rAsa - sAhitya kI mahatI sevA kI hai aba taka prakAzita samasta rAsa - sAhitya kI vistRta sUcI zrI ke0 kA0 zAstrI ne dI hai | isameM hindI ke rAsa - sAhitya kA bhI ullekha hai / / sambandha meM aneka / saMskRta, hindI tathA gujarAtI ke vidvAnoM ne 'rAma' nAma ke vyutpattiyAM dI haiM, yahAM una saba kA ullekha piSTapeSaNa hI hogA abdula rahamAna racita 'saMdeza rAsaka' meM rAma kI jagaha 'rAsaya' yA rAsau' prayoga milatA hai, yaha 'rAsaya' zabda saMskRta ke 'rAsaka' zabda kA apabhraMza hai / 'rAsaka' eka ati prAcIna bhAratIya nRtya rahA hai, jisakA sambandha kRSNa lIlA se rahA hai / 2 jaina sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAna zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne 'lakuTA rAsa' ( DaMDiyoM ke sAtha nRtya ) aura tAlArAsa ( tAliyoM ke sAtha tAla dekara ) nAmaka do prakAra ke g2amoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 3 DA~0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke vicAra se 'rAsaka' eka prakAra kA khela yA manoraMjana hai / 4 pro0 vijayarAya vaidya ne rAso yA rAsa ko prAsayukta dohA caupAI chandoM tathA vividha rAgoM meM race hue dharma-viSayaka kathAtmaka yA caritrapradhAna lambA kAvya batAyA hai / 5 zrI harivallabha bhAyANI ne 'saMdeza rAsaka' kI bhUmikA meM 'rAsaka' kI vizeSa carcA kI hai| unhoMne ise aneka chandoM se yukta eka chanda vizeSa kahA hai 6 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne isa para vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai (ka) 'rAsa' zabda pradhAnatayA kathA kAvyoM ke lie rUDa-sA ho gayA, pradhAna racanA rAsa mAnI jAne lagI hai / aura rasa (kha) rAsa eka chanda vizeSa bhI hai / (ga) rAjasthAna meM jo paravartI rAso milate haiM, ve yuddhavarNanAtmaka kAvya ke bhI sUcaka hai / isI kAraNa rAjasthAnI meM 'rAso' zabda kA prayoga lar3AI jhagar3e yA 1. gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhA darzana, pR0 32 / 2. hindI sAhitya koSa, pR0 656 / 3. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, varSa 58, aMka 4; prAcIna bhASA kAvyoM kI vividha saMjJAyeM, zrI agracanda nAhaTA, pR0 420 / 4. hindI sAhitya kA Adi kAla, DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR0 100 | 5. gujarAtI sAhitya kI rUparekhA, pro0 vijayarAya vaidya, pR0 20 / 6. saMdeza rAsaka, prastAvanA, DaoN0 bhAyANI /

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gar3abar3a ghoTAle ke artha meM bhI prayukta hone lagA hai. parantu prAcIna racanAoM meM to 'rAso' ke sthAna para 'rAsa' zabda kA hI prayoga milatA hai / 1 ukta samasta vivecana kI dRSTi se Alocya yugIna jaina-gurjara kaviyoM dvArA praNIta rAsa - sAhitya ko dekhane para yaha anumAna sahaja hI kiyA jA sakatA hai ki inakI racanAoM meM dhIre-dhIre darpa yA vIratva bhI samAviSTa hotA gayA aura isa prakAra eka ora ye vIratva pradhAna kAvya banate gaye aura dUsarI ora komala bhAvanAoM ke yaha dUsarI dhArA 'phAgu' ke rUpa meM surakSita milatI hai / racanAoM meM chanda, abhinaya, saMgIta, nRtya, dharma, upadeza, bhAva Adi tatvoM kA samanvaya sahaja hI dekhane ko milatA hai / inhoMne vividha viSayoM viSaya vizeSa kI pradhAnatA ke kAratha hama use ina viSayoM meM mukhya rUpa se, upadeza, carita, kathA, tIrthayAtrA, saMghavarNana, aitihAsika preraka-rUpa meM bhI calate rhe| isa prakAra ina kaviyoM kI ko saMjoyA hai / kabhI kisI rAsa meM usa viSaya se saMbaddha rAsa kaha dete haiM / pravrajyA yA dIkSA, vaibhava vIratA, utsava, varNana Adi kA parigaNana huA hai / vastutaH kisI caritra athavA viSaya ko AdhAra banAkara upadeza tathA dharma pracAra kI bhAvanA inameM vizeSataH parilakSita hai| vItarAgI rAjapuruSa tathA muniyoM ke dIkSA grahaNa ke avasara para rAsa khele bhI jAte rahe haiM / saMgIta evaM abhinaya ke tatva sarvamAdhAraNa kI prakRti pradatta anubhUti ko jagAkara rasAnanda ko sAkAra karate the / rAsa racanA ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate hue zrI mohanalAla desAI ne apane graMtha 'gujarAtI mAhitya no itihAsa' meM batAyA hai 'caritroM ke guNoM kA varNana karane, unake doSoM ko haTAne, yAtrAvarNana karane, saMgha nirmANa karane, mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karane, dIkSA utsava hetu jaya ghoSaNArtha Adi ke lie hI ina rAsa graMthoM kI racanA kI jAtI thI / isake atirikta ve bhaugolika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika aura caritamUlaka bhI hote the / jaina rAso - sAhitya jitanA caritramUlaka hotA thA, utanA hI aitihAsika bhI hotA thA / ' Alocya yugIna jaina- gurjara kaviyoM dvArA praNIta hindI evaM gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI mizrita bhASA meM racita rAsa isa prakAra haiM- 1. RSabhadAsa : kumArapAla rAsa, zreNika rAsa, rohiNI rAsa, bharatezvarano rAsa, tathA hIravijayasUri rAsa / nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, saM0 2011, aMka 4, pR0 420, nAhaTA jI kA lekha |

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262 AlocanA-baMTa guNasAgarasUri : kRtapuNya (kayavannA) rAsa / candrakIrti : solahakaraNa rAsa / jinarAjasUri : gAlIbhadra rAma tathA gajasakumAra gama / brahma rAyamalla : nemizvara rAma, sudarzana rAsa; tathA zrIpAla rAma / mahAnaMdagaNi : anjanA mundarI rAsa / vinayasamudra : citrasena-padmAvatI rAsa tathA rohiNI rAma / vinaya vijaya : zrIpAla rAsa / vIracandra : neminAtha raam| samayasundara : cAra pratyeka buddha rAsa, mRgAvatI gama, milamuta priya melaka rAsa, puNyasAra rAsa, valkala cIrI gana, gatrujaya rAma, kSullaka kumAra rAsa, pUjA Rpi rAma, syUnibhadra rAma tathA vannupAla tejapAla raas| sumati kIti : dharma parIkSA rAsa / nayasundara : rUpacanda kuvara rAsa / isa rAsa granthoM meM yadyapi vipaya vaividhya nahIM phira bhI jaina-gurjara rAmakAro kI kathA kahane kI kugala pravRtti ke darzana avazya hote hai| aitihAmika tatvoM kI surakSA, tatkAlIna samAja-jIvana ke dRzya, dharmopadeza tathA saMsAra-jAna kI bahamUlya sAmagrI ina 'rAsa' granyoM meM upalabdha hai| 'rAsa' paramparA 12 vI sadI se 16 vI sadI taka nirantara pravahamAna rahI jo isakI lokapriyatA evaM vyApakatA kA pramANa he / isa prakAra 'rAsa' kA, eka svatantra kAvyarUpa kI dRSTi se bar3A mahatva hai| caupAI : "caupaI" kAvya kI paramparA bhI apabhraMza se hI prArambha hotI hai| yaha kathAnaka pradhAna chanda haiN| apabhraMga meM ima chanda kA khUba prayoga huA / ataH kathAnaka pradhAna kAvyoM ke lie yaha prasiddha chanda mAnA gayA / jinaharpa, vinayacandra tathA samayasandara kI kucha 'caupAI' nAmaka racanAe~ dohe-caupAI chanda meM hI racita hai| Alocya yugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI bar3I racanAoM meM 'rAsa' ke pazcAt 'caupAI' nAmaka racanAeM hI adhika saMkhyA meM milatI hai| sabhI racanAoM meM 'caupAI' chanda kA nirvAha nahIM huA hai| jaisA ki spaSTa hai mUlata: yaha 'caupAI' chanda meM racita racanAoM kA hI nAma thA; para bAda meM 'rAmo' kI bhA~ti pratyeka caritakAvya evaM varNanAtmaka kAvya ke lie 'caupAI saMjJA rUr3ha ho gii| ina kaviyoM kI isa prakAra kI prApta racanAe~ isa prakAra hai

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jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 263 AnandavarddhanamUri : pavanAbhyAsa caupAI kalyANadeva : devarAja-vaccharAja caupAI kuzala lAbha : DholA mArU caupAI khemacanda : guNamAlA cIpAI jinaharpa : mRpidatA caupAI bhadrasena : candana malayAgiri caupAI mAladeva : puraMdara kumAra caupAI, devadata caupAI, tathA vIrAMgadA-caupAI lakSmIvallabha : navatatva caupAI vinayacandra : uttamakumAra caritra caupAI vinaya samudra mRgAvatI caupAI samayasundara zAMva pradya mna caupAI, nala-damayaMtI caupAI, thAbaccA caupAI, caMpaka zrepThi caupAI, gautama pRcchA caupAI, vyavahAra buddhi, vanadatta caupAI, dropadI caupAI tathA sItArAma caupAI sAdhukIti : nemirAjapi caupAI / jaina-gurjara kaviyoM ne aneka kAvya-rUpoM kA nAmakaraNa kimI chanda vizeSa ko lekara kiyA hai / yathA-chappaya, savaiyA, gajala, chanda, dohA Adi / kinta vicAra karane para inameM se adhikAMga isa prakAra kI racanAeM chanda kI apekSA svataMtra kAya. pa' se hI adhika prasiddha hai| kahIM kahIM to caupAI, chappaya ityAdi ke chandagata niyamoM kA pAlana bhI dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| ataH yahA~ 'caupAI' sAmAnyaH catuSpadI aura 'chappaya' paT-padI artha meM hI prayukta hue hai| veli : veli-kAvya kI paramparA kAphI purAnI hai / vela, veli yA vallari saMnAeM isI artha meM prayukta huI haiM / yaha zabda 'latA'1 'druma'2 Adi kI bhAMti kimI nI racanA ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai / isakA mUla upanipadoM ke adhyAya, jinheM vallabhI kahA hai, meM khojA jA sakatA hai / 'vallamI' adhyAya vAcaka na rahakara kAlAtara meM eka svatantra vidyA kA pratIka bana gayA ho, yaha adhika saMbhava hai| - 1. vyAkaraNa kalpa latA, viSNu bhakti kalpalatA, vanalatA Adi / 2. rAga kalpadra ma, kavikalpadma, adhyAtma kalpadruma Adi /

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264 AlocanA-khaMDa DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA ne chandoM ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye kRtiyoM ke nAmoM meM 'vela' ko ginAyA hai / 1 DA0 maMjulAla majUmadAra ke matAnusAra 'veli' gabda vivAha ke artha meM pracalita hai / 'veli' kA dUsarA nAma 'vivAhavAcI maMgala' bhI hai / 2 pro0 hIrAlAla kApar3iyA ke anusAra 'vali' kA mukhya viSaya guNagAna hai / 3 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke anusAra 'veli' saMjJA latA ke artha meM lokapriya huI aura aneka kaviyoM ne usa nAma ke AkarSaNa se apanI racanAoM ko 'veli' isa antyapada se saMbodhita kiyaa|"4 Alocya yugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI nI 'veli' nAmaka racanAeM prApta haiM / yathA kanaka soma : jaitapada veli jayavaMtasUri : sthUlIbhadra mohana veli tathA nemirAjula bArahamAsA vela prabandha jinarAjasUri pArzvanAtha guNa veli vIracandra : jaMbusvAmI veli, tathA vAhubali veli yazovijaya amRtavelinI moTI sajjhAya tathA amRtavelinI nAnI sajjhAya samayasundara : somajI nirvANa veli pro0 maMjulAla majUmadAra ne veli ko "vivAha varNana' pradhAna kAvya mAnA hai, para ina kRtiyoM meM yaha lakSaNa sarvatra najara nahIM AtA aura na ye kRtiyAM kisI chanda vizeSa meM hI racI gaI hai| ina 'veli' saMjaka kRtiyoM ke mukhya varNya viSaya mahApuruSoM kA guNagAna. upadeza tathA adhyAtma rahe haiM / yaha vividha chandoM meM racita haiN| inameM DhAloM kI pradhAnatA hai / gIta-zailI hote hue bhI prabaMdha-dhArA kI inameM pUrNa rakSA huI hai / yaha isakI eka sAmAnya vizepatA hai / DhAla - cauDhAliyA : gAne kI tarja yA dezI ko 'DhAla' kahate haiM / Alocya yugIna kaviyoM ke rAsa, caupAI, prabandha Adi racanAoM meM lokagItoM ko deziyAM DhAla baddha haiN| bar3e rAsAdi graMthoM meM aneka DhAleM prayukta huI haiN| aisI choTI racanAeM jinameM cAra DhAloM kA nirvAha huA ho use cauDhAliyA aura cha: DhAloM vAlI racanA -- - 1. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya (dvitIya saMskaraNa) pR0 66 / 2. gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo, pR0 375 / 1. jaina dharma prakAza, varSa 65; aMka 2, pR0 45-50 4. kalpanA, varSa 7, aMka 4, aprela, 1656 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 265 ko chaDhAliyA kahA gayA hai / eka DhAla ke anta meM dohA yA chanda kA prayoga kara use pUrNa kiyA jAtA hai aura tadanantara dUsarI DhAla kA Arambha kiyA jAtA hai| kucha bar3I racanAoM meM zatAdhika DhAloM kA prayoga huA hai| cauDhAliyA nAmaka eka racanA samayasundara kI prApta hai / 'dAnAdi cauDhAliyA' dAna-dharma viSayaka inakI yaha kRti sAmAnyataH ullekhanIya hai / pratyeka DhAla ke Arambha meM tarja yA dezI kI prAraMbhika paMkti de dI jAtI hai / isa prakAra ina kaviyoM kI DhAla-baddha racanAoM meM prAcIna viminna lokagItoM kA patA calatA hai| gajala, chanda; nIsANI Adi : __ gajala phArasI sAhitya kA eka chanda vizepa hai| Arambha meM usameM kevala prema-sambandhI viSaya hI samAviSTa hote the| gujarAta meM phArasI sAhitya ke prabhAva se gajala-sAhitya-prakAra Arambha huaa| Aja kI gajaloM meM vipaya vaividhya hai, mAtra prema kA sImita kSetra nhiiN| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI gajaleM likhI haiM, para na to isameM prema kI bAta hai aura na phArasI ke gajala-chanda vizeSa kA nirvAha hai| jaina kaviyoM kI gajala saMjaka racanAoM meM nagaroM aura sthAnoM kA varNana hai| kavi jaTamala kI 'lAhora gajala', rAjasthAnI kavi khetA kI 'cittar3a rI gajala', dIpavijaya kI 'var3odarAnI gajala' Adi gajaleM prasiddha haiN| inakI racanA eka vizeSa prakAra kI zailI meM huI hai| aisI gajala saMjaka racanAoM meM prAkRtika varNana, dhArmika mahattA tathA itihAsa kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai / saMbhavata: isa prakAra ke sAhitya kA mukhya uddezya manoraMjana tathA sthalaparicaya karAnA rahA hogA / Alocya yugIna kaviyoM meM mAtra nihAlacaMda nAmaka kavi kI nagara yA sthAna varNanAtmaka gajala 'baMgAla deza kI gajala' prApta hai / isameM murzidAbAda kA varNana hai| chanda, nIsANI Adi bhI racanA ke vizeSa prakAra hai| chanda se tAtparya akSara yA mAtrA mela se banI kavitA hai| aise chandoM meM jaina kaviyoM ne vizeSata: devIdevatAoM kI stuti kI hai / isa prakAra stuti meM racita chandoM ke lie ina kaviyoM ne zaloka, pavAr3A Adi saMjJAeM bhI dI hai / kucha kaviyoM ne aisI racanAoM kI saMjJA chanda hI rakhI hai| kabhI-kabhI vibhinna chandoM meM racita kRti ko bhI 'chanda' saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai, udAharaNArtha hemasAgara kI 'chandamAlikA' aisI hI racanA hai|

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bAlocanA-baDa AlocyayugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI chanda saMjJaka racanAeM isa prakAra hai- . kuMvara kugala bhaTTAraka : mAtAnu chanda kumudacanda : bharata bAhubali chaMda kuzala lAma : navakAra chanda guNa sAgara sUri : zAMtinAtha chaMda lakSmI vallabha : mahAvIra gautama svAmI chanda tathA dezAMtarI chanda vAdIcandra : bharata vAhubali chanda zubhacandra bhaTTAraka : mahAvIra chaMda, vijayakIrti chaMda, guru chaMda, tathA neminAtha chaMda hemasAgara : chaMda mAlikA _aisI hI kucha laghu racanAoM kI saMjJA 'nIsANI' hai| kavi dharmavarddhana ne aisI racanAeM prastuta kI haiM / 1 unakI 'guru zikSA kathanaM nisANI', 'vairAgya nisANI', 'upadeza nIsANI' tathA jinaharpa viracita' pArzvanAtha nIsANI' Adi ullekhanIya haiM / kuNDaliyA~ chappaya dohA sarvayA piMgala Adi : kAvya vizeSa ke nAmakaraNa meM kaI pravRttiyAM kAma karatI haiN| varNyaviSaya, chanda, gailI, caritra, ghaTanA, sthAna athavA kisI AkarSaka vRtti se prerita ho kavigaNa apanI-apanI kRtiyoM ko vividha saMjJAoM se abhihita karate haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne chaMda vizepa kA nAmakaraNa kara apanI kavitAeM racI haiN| inameM se kucha racanAoM meM chaMdagata niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM huA hai, ataH aisI racanAeM svatantra kAvya-rUpa ke aMtargata rakhI jA sakatI haiM parantu Alocya yugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne prAyaH chandagata niyamoM kA nirvAha kara hI aisI chanda vizepa saMjJaka racanAeM haiN| mAtrika chaMda kuNDaliyoM kA paricaya apabhraMza ke chaMda graMthoM meM bhI milatA hai / hindI meM giradhara kI kuNDaliyA~ prasiddha haiN| kezavadAsa ne 'rAmacandrikA' meM tathA jaTamala ne 'gorA vAdala kathA' meM isa chaMda kA prayoga kiyA hai| Alocya yugIna jaina kaviyoM kI kuNDaliyA~ saMjaka racanAeM adhika nhiiN| dharmavarddhana kRta 'kuNDaliyA~ vAvanI'2 eka mAtra ullekhanIya racanA hai / 'chappaya' saMjaka kAvya likhe jAne kI paramparA bhI prAcIna hai| prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM chappaya chaMda kA prayoga hotA AyA hai| hindI ke bhI aneka kaviyoM ne 1. dharmavaddhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR067-70 / 2. dharmavarddhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 17 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 267 isa chanda kA upayoga kiyA hai / 1 yuddha Adi ke varNanoM ke lie yaha chanda adhika upayukta evaM lokapriya rahA hai| ina kaviyoM ne isa chanda kA prayoga bhakti, vairAgya evaM upadezAdi viSayoM ke lie bhI kiyA hai| jinaharSa, samasundara, dharmavardhana tathA bhaTTAraka mahIcandra ne 'chappaya' saMjaka racanAe~ prastuta kI haiN| inameM bhI dharmavardhana kI 'chappaya vAvanI' tathA bhaTTAraka mahIcandra kI 'lavAMkuza chappaya' vizeSa ullekhanIya racanAeM haiN| prathama dharma tathA upadeza se sambandhita hai tathA dUsarI mUlataH zAnta rasAtmaka kRti hai| isameM vIra rasa ke prasaMga bhI kama nahIM haiN| isI taraha 'dohA' aura 'savaiyA' chanda saMjJaka racanAe~ bhI prApta haiM / ye chanda jaina kaviyoM ke priya chanda rahe haiN| dohA loka sAhitya kA atyanta sarala evaM lokapriya chanda hai / prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke aneka graMthoM meM isakA prayoga huA hai / hindI ke bhI prAyaH sabhI pramukha kaviyoM dvArA yaha prayukta huA hai| isa yuga ke jaina kaviyoM meM samayasundara, dharmavardhana, devacandra, yazovijaya, udayarAja, jinaharSa, lakSmIvallabha, zubhacandra bhaTTAraka Adi aneka kaviyoM ne isa chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'dohA' saMjJaka racanAoM meM udayarAja kI 'udayarAja rA. dahA', lakSmIvallabha kI 'dohA vAvanI', zubhacandra kI 'tatvasAra dohA' tathA jinaharSa kI 'dohA mAtRkA bAvanI' Adi kRtiyAM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| vibhinna prakAra ke savaiyA chandoM kI racanA bhI ina kaviyoM ne paryApta mAtrA meM kI hai| inakI 'savaiyA' saMjJaka racanAoM meM Anandavardhana kI "bhaktabhara savaiyA', kezavadAsa kI 'zItakAra ke savaiyA', jinaharSa kI 'neminAtha rAjamatI bArahamAsA savaiyA', jinasamudrasUri kI 'cauvIsa jinasavaiyA', dharmavardhana kI 'cauvIsa jina savaiyA' tathA lakSmIvallama kI 'savaiyA vAvanI' Adi racanAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| ina kaviyoM ne isa laya mUlaka chanda meM bhakti, vairAgya evaM vipralaMbha-zRGgAra kI chanda kI prakRti ke anurUpa, upayukta abhivyaMjanA kI hai| vrajabhASA pAThazAlA ke AcArya kuMvarakuzala maTTArka kI "piMgala' saMjJaka do racanAe~ bhI prApta haiN| 'piMgala' chandasUtroM ke raciyatA AcArya kA nAma thA / 2 bAda meM chandasatroM yA chanda-zAstra ke AdhAra para racita graMthoM ko 'piMgala' kahA gyaa| "piMgala' zabda kA prayoga brajamApA ke artha meM bhI huA hai| kuvara kuzala bhaTTArka ke 1. tulanI (kavitAvalI), kezava (rAmacandrikA), bhUSaNa (zivarAja bhUSaNa Adi / 2. hindI sAhitya koza, pradhAna saMpA0 DaoN0 dhIrendra varmA, pR0 451 /

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268 AlocanA-khaMDa 'lakhapati piMgala' (kavi rahasya) tathA 'gaur3a piMgala' graMtha brajabhASA meM racita chanda-zAstra ke matha haiN| (2) rAga aura nRtya kI dRSTi se vivAhalo-maMgala : isa yuga ke kaviyoM ke kucha AlyAnaka kAvyoM meM caritanAyakoM ke vivAha ke maMgala prasaMga ke varNana mI milate haiN| inameM tatkAlIna, vivAha saMbaMdhI rIti-rivAjoM kA acchA paricaya mila jAtA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne vivAha prasaMga kA varNana karane vAle kucha svataMtra kAvya bhI likhe haiM / isa prakAra ke kAvya likhane kI paramparA karIva 14vIM zatAbdI se prApta hotI hai| jinameM vivAha kA varNana ho, aisI racanAoM ko 'vivAhalA' saMjJA dI gaI hai| jaina kaviyoM ne vivAha prasaga ko tatvajJAna kI dRSTi se samajhAyA hai| jaina paribhASA kI dRSTi se yaha bhAva-vivAha hai| inhoMne neminAtha, RSabha Adi tIrthaMkaroM aura jainAcAryoM kA vivAha 'saMyama zrI' ke sAtha karane ke prasaMga ko lekara 'vivAhale' race haiN| isa dRSTi se aise kAvya sundara rUpaka kAvya bana gaye haiN| jaina sAdhu-jainAcArya Adi brahmacArI rahate the, ata: unake laukika vivAha kA to prazna hI nahIM thaa| inake dvArA grahaNa kiye gae vrata hI saMyamazrI rUpI kanyA mAne gaye haiM aura usI ke sAtha inake vivAha ke varNana aise kAvyoM meM gUthe gaye haiN| ye AdhyAtmika vivAha haiN| isa prakAra ke yaha rUpaka-vivAha jaina kaviyoM kI anokhI sUjha kahI jA sakatI hai / ' __ Alocya yugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne isa prakAra ke vivAha ke prasaMga apanI anyAnya racanAoM meM avazya gUthe haiM para 'vivAhalA' saMnA se inakI racanAeM kama hI prApta hotI haiN| kavi kumudacandra kI eka mAtra kRti 'AdinAtha (RSabha) vivAhalo' prApta hai, jo isI prakAra kA AdhyAtmika rUpaka-kAvya hai| isameM kavi ne apane ArAdhya deva kA dIkSAkumArI, saMyamazrI athavA muktivaghU se varaNa dikhAyA hai| isameM 11 DhAloM kA suniyojana huA hai| aise vivAhale bhakti bhAva pUrvaka gAye tathA khele bhI jAte rahe haiN| saMvat 1331 ke pazcAt racita 'zrI jinezvarasUri vIvAhalAM' meM isakA ullekha bhI milatA hai 'ehu vIvAhalau je par3hai, je diyahi khelA khelI raMga bhre| tAha jiNesara sUri supasannu, isa maNai bhaviya gaNi 'soma muti' // 33 // '1 ( arthAt isa vivAhalA ko par3hane vAle para, likhavA kara dAna karane vAle para tathA rasa-raMga pUrvaka khelane vAle para guru prasanna hote haiM / ) 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 383 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 296 - vivAha meM gAye jAne vAle gItoM kI saMjJA 'maMgala' dI gaI haiN| hindI, rAjasthAnI aura baMgalA meM 'maMgala' saMjaka aneka kAvya milate haiM, saMbhavataH ve isI paramparA kI dena haiN| rAjasthAnI kAvya 'rukamaNI maMgala' atyanta prasiddha loka kAvya hai / mahAkavi tulasI ne bhI pArvatI maMgala, 'jAnakI maMgala' Adi kI racanAe~ kI haiN| Alocya yugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM 'maMgala' saMjJaka racanAe~ bhI adhikataH prApta nahIM hotii| jinaharSa kI 'maMgala gIta' eka racanA prApta hai / isameM siddhoM, arihantoM tathA munivaroM kI maMgala stuti kI gaI hai| isa dRSTi se samaya sundara kI bhI 'cAra maMgala gItam' 'maMgala gIta racanAe~ ullekhanIya haiM / 1 prabhAti, rAgamAlA Adi prAtaHkAla gAe jAne vAle gItoM ko 'prabhAti' saMnA dI gaI hai| aisI racanAoM meM sAdhukIrti kI 'prabhAti' ullekhanIya hai / 'rAgamAlA' saMjaka racanAoM meM vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM ke nAmoM ko sugrathita kiyA gayA hai| Alocya yugIna jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM 'rAgamAlA' nAmaka do kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prathama kuvara kuzala bhaTTArka kI 'rAgamAlA' tathA dUsarI sAdhukIti kI 'raagmaalaa'| aisI racanAoM meM ina kaviyoM kA saMgItazAstra kA gahana jJAna evaM saMgIta prema spaSTa dRSTigata hotA hai| kuvarakuzala racita 'rAgamAlA' meM to unakA saMgIta-zAstra kA AcAryatva bhI siddha ho gayA hai / devavijaya racita "bhaktAmara rAgamAlA kAvya' bhI eka aisI kRti hai| kucha racanAeM 'badhAyA', 'gahUMlI' Adi nAma se bhI milatI haiN| AcAryoM ke Agamana para badhAI rUpa meM gAye gIta 'badhAvA' haiM tathA AcAryoM ke svAgata ke samaya unake sammukha cAvala ke svastika Adi kI 'gahUMlI' karate samaya tathA unake guNAdi ke varNana meM gAye gItoM kI saMjJA 'gahU~lI' hai| kavi dharmavardhana ne isa prakAra kI racanAe~ adhika kI haiN| unakI 'jinacandrasUri gahuMlI', 'jinasukhasUri gahu~lI' tathA 'pArzvanAtha badhAvA' Adi kRtiyAM isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiM / 2 (3) dharma-upadeza Adi kI dRSTi se pUjA : 'jainAgama rAyapaseNIya sUtra' meM satraha prakAra kI pUjanavidhi kA varNana milatA hai| isa prakAra kI pUjA ke lie saMskRta zloka race jAte the / dhIre-dhIre ye 1. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMgA0 agaracanda nAhaTA; pR0 481-82 / 2. dharmavardhana graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA; pR0 206; 241 tathA 250 / .

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300 AlocanA-khaMDa pUjAeM lokabhASA meM bhI racI jAne lgii| jainoM meM aSTha prakAra kI pUjA kA bhI bar3A mahatva rahA hai / janmAbhiSeka vidhi, snAtra vidhi Adi inhIM pUjA vidhiyoM meM sammilita haiN| Alocya yugIna jana-gUrjara kaviyoM meM isa prakAra kI 'pUjA' saMja ka racanA karane vAloM meM sAdhukIrti, brahmajayasAgara, jinaharpa Adi kavi ullekhanIya hai / sAdhakIti kI 'satara bhedI pUjA' isa prakAra kI racanAoM meM mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| kavi dharmavarddhana kI 'sataraha bhedI pUjA stavana' kRti meM bhI satraha prakAra kI pUjAvidhi kA vivaraNa hai| ___ saloka : isakA mUla saMskRta zabda 'zloka' hai / prAkRta meM 'salokA' zabdavivAha maMDapa meM lagnavidhi ke samaya varakanyA ke uttara-pratyuttara ke rUpa meM kahI gaI kAvyAtmaka paMktiyoM ke artha meM prayukta hai| 1 gujarAta ke uttarI bhAga tathA rAjasthAna meM bhI vivAha prasaMga meM varAtiyoM evaM kanyApakSa ke logoM ke bIca siloke kahe jAne kI prathA rahI hai| dhIre dhIre yaha prathA mandira meM devI-devatAoM ke varNana rUpa meM bhI prayukta hone lgii| kavi jinaharSa praNIta 'AdinAtha saloko'2 aisI hI racanAoM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai / ina kaviyoM dvArA racita isa prakAra kI anya racanAeM prApta nahIM hotii| isa prakAra ke gujarAtI tathA rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita 'saloko' kA vistRta vivaraNa zrI agaracanda nAhaTA tathA pro0 hIrAlAla kApar3iyA ne diyA hai / 3 isameM jinaharpa dvArA race gaye eka aura saloka 'neminAtha saloko' kA bhI ullekha huA hai| inameM devI devatAoM evaM vIroM ke guNa varNana kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai, kAvya-zilpa athavA chandoM kA itanA vicAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| vaMdanA, stuti, stavana, stotra, gIta, sajjhAya, vinatI pada, nAma mAlA Adi ina vibhinna saMjJAparaka kRtiyoM meM tIrthakaroM tathA mahApuruSoM ke guNoM kA varNana mukhya hai / sAtha hI upadeza tathA dharmapracAra kI bhAvanA bhI spaSTataH parilakSita hotI hai| vaMdanA stuti, stavana, stotra tathA gIta saMjJaka racanAeM stuti pradhAna hai| aisI adhikAMza stutiparaka racanAeM cAra padyoM vAlI haiM / Alocya yugIna jaina gUrjara 1. gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo, pro0 maM0 20 majUmadAra, pR0 132 / 2. jinaharpa thAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 166 / 3. 'jaina satya prakAza' ke aMka zrI nAhaTAjI tathA kApar3iyA ke lekha /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 301 kaviyoM meM prAyaH sabhI ne isa prakAra kI stuti paraka muktaka racanAeM likhI haiM / aise pramukha stutikAra evaM gItakAra kaviyoM meM samayasundara, kanakakIrti, zubhacandra, hemavijaya, megharAja, sumatisAgara, Anandavarddhana, jinaharSa, vinayacandra, jJAnavimalasUri kumudacandra, jinarAjasUri, brahmajayasAgara bhaTTAraka sakalabhUSaNa, bhaTTAraka ratnacandra Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / inake asaMkhya stutiparaka gIta prApta haiM / geya padoM kI vijJapti gIta hai / jaina sAdhuoM ke guNa varNana tathA unakI preraNA- bhAvase abhibhUta gIta racanAoM kI saMjJA 'svAdhyAya' yA 'sajjhAya' hai / 'sajjhAya' saMjJaka racanAoM meM kanakakIti kI 'bharatacakrI sajjhAya' yazovijaya jI kI 'amRtavelanI nAnI sajjhAya' tathA 'moTI sRjjhAya' vinayacaMdra' ko 'gyAraha aMga sajjhAya' jJAnavimalasUri kI 'sajjhAya' Adi ullekhanIya kRtiyAM hai | vinayapradhAna racanAoM ko vinatI kahA kumudacandra kI vinatiyAM, tathA sumatikIrti kI kI racanAoM meM AtI haiM / gayA hai / kanakakIti kI 'vinatI' 'jinavara svAmI vinatI' isI prakAra AdhyAtmika gItoM kI saMjJA pada hai / ye pada vibhinna rAga-rAganiyoM meM racita hai | mahAtmA AnaMdaghana, yazovijaya, vinayavijaya, jJAnAnanda, bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, ratnakIrti, kumudacanda, samayasundara, dharmavarddhana Adi kA pada sAhitya atyanta samRddha evaM lokapriya rahA hai / Alocya yugIna kaviyoM meM adhikAMza kaviyoM ne pada gIta tathA stuti paraka racanAoM ke nirmANa meM bar3I ruci dikhalAI haiM / ina muktaka racanAoM meM ina kaviyoM kI bhakti, upadeza, dharma tathA vairAgya viSayaka sundara bhAvAbhivyakti ke darzana hote haiM / ina kaviyoM kI kavitA kI zrI samRddhi kA AdhAra mUlataH yahI racanAyeM haiM (4) saMkhyA kI dRSTi se : aSTaka, vIsI, covIsI, battIsI, chattIsI, bAvanI, bahottarI, zataka Adi racanAoM kA nAmAbhidhAna padyoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para huA hai / inameM jJAna, bhakti, upadeza, yoga, Izvara, prema, stuti stavana, ulaTa vAsiyAM, AdhyAtmika rUpaka Adi se sambandhita vividha bhAvoM evaM manaHsthitiyoM kA nirUpaNa hai / aSTaka aura aSTapadI racanAeM ATha padyoM kI sUcaka haiM | yazovijaya jI dvArA praNIta 'AnaMdaghanaM aSTapadI' vizeSa prasiddha evaM lokapriya hai / samayasundara ne bhI isa prakAra kI acchI racanAeM kI hai| unakI racanAoM meM 'zrI gotamasvAmI aSTaka' 1 1. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 343 //

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302 bAlocanA-khaMDa 'yuga pradhAna zrI jinacandra sUryaSTakam 1 tathA 'zrI jinasiMhamUri savaiyASTaka'2 ublenyanIya haiN| vIsI tathA cauvIsI saMjaka racanAoM meM vIsa viharamAnoM ke svapnoM tathA cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stutiyAM saMgRhIta haiN| isa prakAra kI kRtiyAM jaina paramparA kI vizepatA kahI jA sakatI hai| samasundara, jinaharpa, jinarAjasari, vinayacandra, kalyANasAgarasUri, kezarakuzala; nyAyasAgara Adi kaviyoM ne 'vIsI' nAmaka racanAoM kA sarjana kiyA hai| ___ adhikAMza pramukha kaviyoM ne cauvIsI saMjJaka kRtiyoM kA nirmANa bhI kiyA hai / cauvIsI saMjJaka kRtikAroM meM Anandavardhana, Anandaghana; jadayarAja, RSamasAgara, guNavilAsa, jinaharSa, dharmavardhana, nyAyasAgara, lakSmIvallabha, lAvaNyavijaya gaNi, vRddhivijaya, samayasundara, haMsaratna Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| inameM samayasundara, jinaharSa Adi kaviyoM ne to eka se adhika cauvIsI racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isa prakAra karIba 15 cauvIsiyoM kA ullekha prApta hai| ____battIsI saMjJaka racanAoM meM kahIM 32 tathA kisI meM kucha adhika padya bhI haiN| bhakti, upadeza, aura adhyAtma se sambandhita kula cAra battIsiyoM kA ullekha prastuta prabandha meM huA hai, jo nimnAnusAra haiM vAlacanda : vAlacanda bttiisii| mAnamuni : saMyoga bttiisii|| lakSmIvallabha : upadeza battIsI tathA cetana battIsI / kavi samayasundara racita 'chattIsI' saMjJaka kula 7 racanAeM prApta haiN| dharma, upadeza, bhakti, adhyAtma Adi ke atirikta inameM tatkAlIna samAja kA darzana tathA aitihAsika vRtta bhI prasaMgataH A gaye haiM / aisI racanAoM meM 'satyAsiyA duSkAla varNana chattIsI' vizeSa mahatva kI hai| inakI tathA anya kaviyoM kI prApta chattIsiyAM isa prakAra haisamayasundara satyAsiyA duSkAla varNana chattIsI, prastAva sarvayA chattIsI, kSamA chattIsI, karma chattIsI, puNya chattIsI, saMtoSa chattIsI tathA AlocaNA chattIsI / jinaharSa upadeza chattIsI tathA dodhaka chattIsI / 1. vahI, pR0 261-62. / 2. vahI, pR0 360 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM ko hindI kavitA 303 udayarAja : bhajana chattIsI / 'bAvanA' saMjJaka racanAeM vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / inheM 'kakka', mAtRkA Adi bhI kahA gayA hai / 'kakko' gujarAtI sAhitya kA prAcIna evaM samRddha sAhitya prakAra rahA hai | hindI meM ise akharAvaTa bhI kahate hai | apabhraMza kAla se hI aisI racanAoM kA prArambha hotA hai| terahavIM-caudahavIM zatI kI aisI kucha racanAe-'zAlibhadra kakka', 'hA mAtRkA', 'mAtRkA cAupaI', Adi 'prAcIna gUrjara kAvya saMgraha' meM prakAzita hai | 1 inheM bAvanI ke pUrva rUpa bhI kaha sakate haiM / 16 vIM gatI se aisI aisI racanAoM ke lie 'bAvanI' saMjJA vyavahRta huI hai| inameM varNamAlA ke 52 varNoM ke pratyeka varNa ne prArambha karake prAsaMgika padya 52 yA usase kucha adhika bhI race jAte haiM / kAvya kI maulikatA ko surakSita rakhane ke lie bhI saMbhavataH ina kaviyoM ne apane muktakoM meM isa vandhana ko svIkAra kiyA ho / jaina kavi to apane sAhitya ke maulika svarUpa ke saMrakSaNa meM adhika sajaga rahe hai / hindI, rAjasthAnI tathA gujarAtI bhASAoM meM jaina kavioM dvArA racita aneka bAvaniyAM prApta haiN| hindI meM bAvaniyoM kI mudIrgha paramparA kA ullekha DaoN0 amnAzaMkara nAgara ne apane grantha 'gujarAta ke hindI gaurava grantha' meM kiyA hai | 2 varNa aura vyaMjana ke 51 akSara haiN| ina akSaroM kA krama isa prakAra rakhA gayA hai-oM (na mo siddha) a, A, i, I, u, U, R, R, lR, lR, e, ai, o, au, aM, aH, ka, kha, ga, gha, u., ca, cha, ja, jha, Ja, Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, ga, pa, sa, ha, kSa | 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatI meM yaha kAvyarUpa atyadhika lokapriya rahA hai | akSara ko brahmarUpa mAnakara, prAyaH sabhI ne apanI apanI vAvaniyoM meM prathama chanda 'oM' se prArambha kiyA hai / vizeSataH jaina kaviyoM kI vAvaniyoM meM maMgalAcaraNa kA sUtra 'OM namaH siddham' rahA hai / dhArmika evaM naitika upadeza dene ke lie jainoM meM isa prakAra kI racanAoM kA vizeSa pracalana thA / chanda vizeSa meM racI hone se inake nAma - 'dohA bAvanI', 'kuNDaliyA vAvatI', 'chappaya vAvanI' Adi rakhe gaye haiM / viSaya ke anusAra racita racanAoM ke nAma, 'dharma bAvanI', 'guNa bAvanI', 'vairAgya bAvanI', AdhyAtma bAvanI' Adi milate haiM / 'vAvanI' saMjJaka prApta racanAe~ isa prakAra hai / udayarAja : guNa bAvanI / 1. prAcIna gUrjara kAvya saMgraha, gAyakavAr3a prAcya granthamAlA, aGka 13, 1920 / 2. gujarAta ke hindI gaurava grantha, DaoN0 amvAzaMkara nAgara, pR0 41

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304 AlocanA-daMDa kizanadAsa : upadeza baavnii| kezavadAsa kezavadAsa baavnii| jinaharSa jasarAja vAvanI tathA dohA mAtRkA vAvanI / lakSmIvallabha : dohA vAvanI tathA savaiyA vAvanI / dharmavardhana dharma vAvanI, kuNDaliyA vAvanI tathA chappaya vAvanI / nihAlacanda : brahma vAvanI / lAlacanda vairAgya baavnii| zrIsAra : sAra baavnii| hIrAnanda : adhyAtma baavnii| haMsarAja jAna baavnii| vahottarI aura zataka saMjJaka racanAe~ bhI ina kaviyoM ne likhI haiM / isa dRSTi se Anandaghana kI 'Anandaghana vahottarI', jinaharSa kI naMda vahottarI', yazovijaya kI 'samAdhi zataka' tathA 'samatAzataka' aura dayAsAgara kI 'madana zataka' Adi kRtiyAM ullekhanIya hai| (5) parva, Rtu, mAsa Adi kI dRSTi se phAga yA phAgu : rAsa kAvya-rUpa kI bhAMti hI phAgu bhI bar3A mahatvapUrNa evaM bahu cacita kAvyarUpa hai / ise rAsa kA hI dUsarA sAhityika rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| rAsa ko mahAkAvya kI koTi meM rakheM to phAgu ko khaNDakAvya yA gItikAvya kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| ___ phAga yA phAgu ke lie saMskRta kA mUla zabda 'phalgu' hai, prAkRta meM phaggu, gujarAtI meM phAgu tathA braja evaM hindI meM phaguvA yA phAga zabda vyavahRta huA / saMskRta ke Rtu kAvyoM kI taraha inameM bhI RtuvarNana kI pradhAnatA hai| phAlguna aura caitra mahInoM meM anaMga pUjA, vasanta mahotsava Adi ke artha racita svAgata gIta, ullAsa citraNa tathA Aha lAdakArI gAna hI phAgu haiN| inameM jIvana kI USmA hai, utsAha kA unmeSa hai| __ saMskRta ke pazcAt apabhraMza ke rAsa yuga meM phAgu kI paramparA kA prArambha mAnA jA sakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki rAsa aura phAgu kI zilpagata vizeSAeM lagabhaga samAna-sI lagatI haiN| kAvyAntara meM yaha rAma se choTA hotA gayA, aura adhika kalAtmaka evaM komala rUpa grahaNa karatA gyaa| nizcaya hI phAgu kAvya geya rUpaka hai,

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 305 jo Aja bhI rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM gAyA tathA khelA jAtA hai / adhikAMzataH jaina kaviyoM dvArA phAgu-kAvyoM kI racanA huI hai, ataH kaI phAgu zRGgAra zUnya bhI haiM / ye gAnta rasa pradhAna haiN| sthUlibhadra aura neminAtha se sambandhita phAguoM meM zRGgAra ke donoM pakSoM kA tathA vAsantika suSamA kA svAbhAvika citraNa huA hai| phAgu kAvya kI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlate hue zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne likhA hai-'vasanta Rtu kA pradhAna utsava phAlguna mahIne meM hotA hai| usa samaya naranArI milakara eka dUsare para avIra Adi DAlate haiM aura jala kI picakAriyoM se krIr3A karate arthAt phAgu khelate haiN| jinameM vasanta Rtu ke ullAsa kA kucha varNana ho yA jo vasanta Rtu meM gAI jAtI ho, aisI racanAoM ko phAgu saMjJA dI gaI hai / 1 nizcaya hI 'phAgu' madhumAsa kI AlhAdakArI geya racanAe~ haiN| unameM zRGgAra ke sAtha zama kA bhI saphala samanvaya huA hai| Rtu-varNana ke sAtha nAyikA kA virahavarNana bhI AtA hai| isa prakAra vipralaMbha zRGgAra varNana meM bhI phAgu kAvya kI racanA hotI rahI hai / nAyikA ke viyoga ke pazcAt nAyaka se usakA purnAmalana kama ullAsa kA sUcaka nahIM thaa| gUrjara-jaina kaviyoM ne nemi-rAjula aura sthUlIbhadra-kozyA ko nAyaka-nAyikA kA rUpa dekara aneka phAgu kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| ye phAgu kAvya rasa evaM bhApA zailo kI dRSTi se bar3e mahatva ke haiN| ina racanAoM meM jIvana kA svAbhAvika aura yathArtha citraNa huA hai / zRGgAra varNana meM sImA kA ullaMghana nahIM huA hai / inameM azlIlatA kI ora jAne vAlI loka ruci ko dharma, bhakti evaM jJAna kI aura pravAhita karane kA pUrA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / Alocya yugIna jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM dvArA praNIta 'phAgu' isa prakAra haiMmAladeva : 'sthUlibhadra phAga' / bhaTTAraka ratnakoti : 'neminAtha phAga' lakSmIvallabha : 'AdhyAtma phAga' / vIracandra : 'vIra vilAsa phAga' / samayasundara : 'neminAya phAga'2 tathA 'neminAtha phAga'3 / kanaka soma : 'nemi phAgu'4 / - 1. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, varSa 58, aMka 4; saM0 2011, pR0 423 / zrI nAhaTA jI kA lekha, prAcIna bhASA kAvyoM kI vividha sNjnyaaeN| 2-3. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 117-116 / 4. prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, ma0 sa0 vizvavidyAlaya, bdd'iidaa|

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306 AlocanA-khaMDa jayavaMtasUri : 'sthUlibhadra premavilAsa phAgu'4 dhamAla, horI : dhamAla aura horI bhI isI prasaMga se saMbaMdhita racanAeM haiN| phAgu aura dhamAla ke chanda evaM rAginI meM saMbhavataH antara ho sakatA hai para ye donoM nAma holI ke Asa pAsa gAI jAne vAlI geya racanAoM ke lie prayukta hue haiN| Dapha aura caMgoM para gAe jAne vAle bhajanoM kI saMjJA 'horI' hai| dhamAla saMjaka racanAeM 16vIM, 17vIM zatI se milane lagatI hai| digambara kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM apabhraMza prayoga 'DhamAla' milatA hai| kahIM kahIM dhamAla aura phAgu saMjJA eka hI racanA ke lie bhI prayukta huI hai| jaise-mAladeva ke sthUlibhadra dhamAla' ke lie kahIM 'sthUlibhadra phAga' bhI likhA gayA hai| 'dhamAla' kAvya choTe aura bar3e-donoM prakAra ke prApta hote haiN| 'horI' atyalpa haiM / yagovijaya jI viracita eka 'horI gIta'2 avazya dekhane meM AyA hai / 'horI' gIta 19vIM evaM 20vIM zatI meM adhika milate hai| bambaI ke jaina pustaka prakAzaka 'bhImasI mANeka' ne horI saMjaka padoM evaM gItoM kA eka saMgraha prakAzita kiyA hai| samayasundara tathA jinaharpa praNIta, neminAtha aura sthUlIbhadra se saMbaMdhita muktaka gItoM meM kucha gIta 'holI gIta' kI hI koTi meM gine jA sakate hai / nandadAsa, govindadAsa Adi aSTa chApa ke kaviyoM ne holI ke padoM kI racanA 'dhamAra' nAma se kI hai| lokasAhitya ke antargata bhI 'dhamAla' aura 'horI' gItoM kA bar3A mahatva hai / Alocya yugIta jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI 'dhamAla' racanAeM isa prakAra hai abhayacanda : vAsupUjyanI dhamAla mAladeva : rAjula-neminAtha dhamAla kanaka soma : ASADha bhUtI dhamAla, tathA Ardra kumAra dhamAla3 dharmavarddhana : vasanta dhamAla4 mAladeva kI 'sthUlibhadra dhamAla' kA ullekha phAgu ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai| 1. abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera / 2. gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha, prathama mAga, yazovijayajI, pR0 177 / 3. 4. inakI mUla pratiyAM-abhaya jaina graMthAlaya. bIkAnera meM surakSita haiM /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 307 vArahamAsA : vArahamAsoM kI paraMparA bhI paryApta prAcIna hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta meM SaDRtu varNana ke rUpa meM isakI paraMparA dekha sakate haiN| apabhraMza meM to aneka 'vArahamAsA' racanAeM likhI gaI haiM / 'vIsaladeva-rAso' tathA 'neminAtha-catuSpadikA' prArambhika vArahamAsA kAvya haiN| yaha Rtu kAvya kA hI eka prakAra hai, jisameM bAraha mahInoM ke Rtu-parivartana evaM viraha bhAva ko abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai| apane cira paricata nAyaka-nAyikA ko savodhita kara vArahamAsoM ke AhAra-vihAra, khAnapAna, utsava, prakRti Adi ke varNana isameM gUtha jAte haiN| phAgu kI taraha yaha bhI geya kAvya-prakAra hai| ise loka kAvya kA hI eka prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai| gujarAtI, hindI aura rAjasthAnI meM 16vIM, 17vI, zatI se bArahamAse milate hai / 17vIM, 18vIM, tathA 19vIM zatI meM vArahamAse khUba likhe gaye / ina saba kA pradhAna viSaya nAyikA kA pati viyoga meM viraha - duHkha kA anubhava karanA aura use abhivyakta karanA hai / adhikAMza bArahamAse 22veM tIrthakara nemInAtha aura rAjamatI se saMbaMdhita haiM / kucha RSabhadeva, pArzvanAtha, sthUlibhadra, Adi ke sambandha meM bhI race gaye haiN| bArahamAsA varSa ke kisI bhI mahIne se prArambha ho jaataa| sAmAnyataH pati ke viyoga ke pazcAt hI isakA prArambha mahIne ko lekara kiyA jAtA hai| kisI ne ASAr3ha to kisI ne migasara yA phAlguna se hI varNana Arambha kara diyA hai| sAdhAraNataH pratyeka mahIne kA varNana hone se isameM 15 se 20 padya hote haiM / para kaI bArahamAse bar3e bhI haiM, jinakI padya saMkhyA 50 se 100 taka jAtI hai| Rtu varNana evaM viraha varNana kI dRSTi se ina bArahamAsoM kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / inameM AzrayabhUtA koI virahiNI nAyikA bAraha-mahInoM kI citra vicitra prakRtigata aneka uddIpanoM se vyathita hokara AlaMvanabhUta kisI nAyaka ke sambandha meM apanI vyathita dazA kA varNana karatI hai| jahAM Alambana ke prati mAzraya kA koI saMdeza rahatA hai, vahAM vipralaMma kI aneka avasthAoM kA varNana bhI diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke bArahamAsoM kA mukhya rasa zRgAra hai| varSa ke anta meM nAyaka nAyika kA milana batAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vipralaMbha ke sAtha saMyoga zRMgAra kA bhI nirUpaNa ho jAtA hai / Rtu evaM vipralaMbha zRMgAra-pradhAna gIti-kAvya ke hI rUpa meM bArahamAsoM kA mahatva hai, yadyapi kucha bArahamAsoM meM upadeza dene kA bhI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| - -

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AlocanA khaMDa Alocya yugIna jaina gUrjara kaviyoM dvArA praNIta bAraha mAsoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai kumudacanda : neminAtha bArahamAsA jinaharSa : nemi vArahamAsA, nemirAjamati vArahamAsA, zrI sthUlibhadra bArahamAsA1, tathA pArzvanAtha bArahamAsAra dharmavarddhana : bArahamAsA bha0 ratnakIti : naminAtha vArahamAsA lakSmIvallabha : nemirAjula bArahamAsA lAlavijaya : neminAtha dvAdasa mAsa vinayacandra : nemi-rAjula vArahamAsA tathA sthUlibhadra vArahamAma jayavantasUri : nemirAjula vAramAsa bela pravandha isI prakAra cAra mAsa kA varNana karane vAle kAvyoM kI saMjJA 'caumAsA' hai| aise caumAsA kAvya kavi samayasundara ne vizeSa rUpa se likhe hai / 3 kavi jinaharpa kA bhI eka 'caumAsA' kAvya prApta hotA hai / 4 (6) kathA pravandha kI dRSTi se : pravandha, caritra, AkhyAna, kathA Adi meM caritra, AkhyAna tathA kathA saMjAeM prAyaH ekArthavAcI haiN| aura jisake sambandha meM likhA gayA ho usake nAma ke Age 'sambadha' yA pravandha' nAmAbhidhAna kara diyA gayA hai| 'prabandha' aitihAsika tathA caritra pradhAna AkhyAna kAvya kI saMjJA hai / mAladeva kA 'bhoja pravandha' isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai| bAda me kucha kaviyo ne kathAkAvya ke lie tathA kucha ne kisI viSaya para kramavaddha vicAroM ke lie yA aise grathoM ke padyAnuvAdoM ke lie bhI 'prabandha' saMjJA dI hai / lakSmIvallabha kA 'kAla jJAna prabaMdha' vaidyaka viSaya para likhA aisA hI padyAnuvAda hai / pravandha sajaka racanAeM isa prakAra hai udayarAja : vaidha virahaNI prabandha jayavantari : nemi rAjula vAramAsa vela prabandha dayAzIla : candra sena candradyota nATakIyA prabandha - 1. 2. jinaharpa nathavalI meM prakAgita; saMpA0 agaradanda nAhaTA, pR0 382,307 3. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 305 / 4. jinaharpa thAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 386 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 306 . mAladeva : bhoja prabandha lakSmIvallabha : kAlajJAna pravandha samayasundara : kezI pradezI pravandha pravandha kAvya kA hI eka vizeSa rUpa yA prakAra "carita" kAvya hai| isameM prabandha kAvya, kathAkAvya tathA purANa tInoM ke tatvoM kA samAveza hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kabhI kabhI aise carita kAvyoM ke lie 'carita', 'kathA' yA 'purANa' saMnA vyavahRta huI hai / isa saba kA sambandha mUla to pravandha kAvya se hI hai / caritakAvya meM jIvana carita kI zailI hotI hai / usameM aitihAsika DhaMga se nAyaka ke pUrvaja, mAtA-pitA, vaMza, pUrvabhavoM kA vRttAMta tathA deza-nagarAdi kA varNana hotA hai| ye kathAtmaka adhika tathA varNanAtmaka kama hote haiM / vyartha ke vastu-varNana yA prakRti-varNana meM bahuta kama ulajhane kA prayatna hotA hai| inameM prAyaH prema, vIratA, dharma yA vairAgya bhAvanA kA samanvaya spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| premanirUpaNa, nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke mArga ' kI bAdhAeM, anta meM milana yA kisI preraNA yA upadeza se virakta sAdhu banane Adi ke prasaMga sAmAnya haiM / 'caritra' ke rUpa meM do racanAeM prApta hai "brahmarAyamala : pradyumna caritra vinaya samudra : padma caritra AkhyAna, kathA; vArtA Adi aitihAsika yA paurANika kathA ke lie AkhyAna' saMjA kA prayoga huA hai / isameM mukhyataH paurANika prasaMgoM kA sAbhinaya kathA gAna hotA hai / rAsa se isI sAmya ko lekara kucha vidvAna jaina rAso ko bhI 'AkhyAna' kI koTi meM rakhate haiM / 1 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatI ke rAsa aura AkhyAna ko kathA-kAvya kI hI koTi meM rakha sakate haiN| dharmapracAra ke hetu hI inakA udbhava hotA hai| donoM kA saMbaMdha janasamudAya se hai| antara itanA hai ki rAsa aneka, sAtha-milakara gAte haiM jabaki AkhyAna eka hI vyakti gAtA hai| zrI ke0 kA0 zAstrI AkhyAna kA mUla rAsa sAhitya meM batAte haiM / 2 vastu bhale eka ho phira bhI nirUpaNa zailI kI dRSTi se ye donoM do vibhinna kAvya-rUpa haiN| AkhyAna-paramparA kA vikAsa jainetara kaviyoM ke hAthoM khUba huaa| kucha jaina kaviyoM ne bhI AkhyAnoM kI racanA kI hai| zrI hemacandrAcArya ne AkhyAna aura upAkhyAna kA bheda batAte hue kahA hai, 'prabaMdhamadhye parabodhanArtha nalAdhupArakhyAna bhivopArakhyAnamabhinayana paThan gAyana yade 1. zAMtilAla sArAbhAI ojhA, sAhitya prakAra, premAnanda aMka, pR0 227 / 2. ApaNA kavio, pR0 381 / - -

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AlocanA-khaMDa ko ganthikaH kathayati tad govinda vadAkhyAnam' isa dRSTi se rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi mahAkAvyoM meM dRSTAMta rUpa yA upadezArtha AI harizcandra nala Adi kI prAsaMgika kathAeM upAkhyAna haiM / aura inhIM upAkhyAnoM ko gAkara sAbhinaya prastuta kiyA jAtA hai to ye AkhyAna kahe jAte haiM / sAhitya darpaNa kAra ne isakI paribhASA karate hue batAyA hai--'AkhyAnaM pUrvavRttotiH' arthAt pUrva ghaTita vRtta kA kathana AkhyAna hai| prAyaH yaha zabda prAcIna kathAnaka yA vRttAnta ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| isakA vyApaka artha kahAnI, kathA AkhyAyikA Adi ho sakatA hai para yaha apane sImita artha meM aitihAsika kathAnaka yA pUrvavRtta-kathana ke artha ko hI adhika vyakta karatA hai / jaina gUrjara kaviyoM dvArA praNIta aise do AkhyAna prApta haiM candrakIti : jayakumAra AkhyAna vAdIcandra : zrIpAla AkhyAna kathA aura caritra prAyaH ekArthavAcI haiN| AcArya zukla jI ne itivRttAtmaka pravandha kAvyoM ko kathA kahA hai aura use kAvya se bhinna mAnA hai / 1 vastutaH kathA kAvya zravya pravandha hai jisameM itivRttAtmakatA ke sAtha rasAtmakatA evaM alaMkaraNa kA bhI nirvAha hotA hai| inameM loka vizvAsa tathA kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kI bharamAra hotI hai / atizayoktipUrNa, avizvasanIya, amAnavIya camatkArapUrNa citraNa Adi kI vahulatA se bauddhika UMcAI evaM bhAvabhUmi kI vyApakatA nahIM A pAI hai phira bhI upa'deza tathA dharma bhAvanA para AdhArita ina kRtiyoM kA apanA mahatva hai, jinameM rasAtmakatA, bhAvavyaMjanA aura alaMkRti ke bhI darzana avazya hote haiM / __ Alocya yugIna jaina gUrjara kaviyoM dvArA racita 'kathA' saMjaka racanAeM isa prakAra haiM devendrakIti ziSya : AdityavAra kathA brahma rAyamala : hanumanta kathA tathA bhavipyadata kathA bhaTTAraka mahIcandra : Adityavrata kathA mAladeva : vikrama caritra paMca daMDa kathA vAdIcandra : ambikA kathA vIracandra : citta nirodha kathA 'vArtA' bhI lokazikSaNa ke pracAra kI prAcIna paraMparA hai / veda-kAla se isa prakAra kI zikSaNa paramparA avAdhita calI AI hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI dharma evaM upadeza kI 1. jAyasI graMthAvalI, bhUmikA, pR0 70 /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 311 . dRSTi se vArtAeM likhI haiM / kathA aura vArtA zabda bhI kahIM kahIM ekArthavAcI hI rahe haiM / 'kathA' saMja ka racanAoM meM bhI aisI upadezamUlaka vArtAoM kI bharamAra hai / vArtA nAmaka, jinaharSa praNIta eka racanA 'nanda bahottarI-virocana mahetA vArtA' prApta hai| aisI padyAtmaka lokavArtAoM meM lokajIvana kI jIvanta jhAMkI spaSTataH dekhI jA sakatI hai| saMvAda : kucha jaina kaviyoM ne virodhI vastuoM kA paraspara saMvAda karAyA hai / jinameM eka ko vAdI aura dUsare ko prativAdI kA rUpa dekara vastu vizeSa ke mahatva yA dopa kA sundara varNana, maNDana-bhaNDana kI zailI meM huA hai samanyavAdI ina kaviyoM ne anta meM apane ina kalpita pAtroM meM mela bhI karA diyA hai / aisI 'vivAda' athavA 'saMvAda' saMjaka racanAeM choTI haiM para kAvya camatkAra evaM kavi kI vAk-pratibhA-darzana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiN| . sAhitya meM saMvAda yA vivAda kI paramparA ati prAcIna rahI hai| saMskRta ke 'samvAda sundara' natha meM aise nau saMvoda Aye hai / 16vIM zatAbdI se saMskRta ke sAtha hindI, gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI meM bhI isa prakAra kI racanAeM milane lagatI hai| kavi samayasundara ne apane saMskRta graMtha 'kathA kopa' meM tIna samvAda diye hai| inhoMne eka gujarAtI mizrita hindI meM :dAnAdi saMvAda zataka' nAmaka racanA bhI likhI hai / 1 isameM jaina dharma ke cAra prakAra- dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAva kA saMvAda bar3I hI sundara zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai| ye cAroM apanI apanI mahattA gAte hai aura anyo ko heya batAne kA prayatna karate hai aMta meM mahAvIra samajhAte hai-- AtmaprazaMsA ThIka nhiiN| cAroM kA apanA apanA mahatva hai aura bhagavAna cAroM kI mahimA gAte haiN| isa prakAra ke anya samvAda graMtha nimnAnusAra haivinaya vijaya : paMca samavAya saMvAda zrIsAra : motI kapAsiyA samvAda jinaharpa rAvaNa maMdodarI saMvAda yazovijayajI samudra cAhaNA saMvAda lakSmIvallabha : bharata vAhubalI saMvAda sumatikIti : jihvAdaMta vivAda 1. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 583 /

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312 AlocanA-khaMDa hindI ke kavi naraharidAsa tathA kulapati mizra kA bhI aneka 'samvAda' 'vAdu' sahAyaka racanAeM milatI haiN| aise kaviyoM kI adhikAMza racanAeM 'akavara daravAra ke hindI kavi' meM chapa cukI haiN| (7) vividha viSayoM kI dRSTi se 'pravahaNa' yA 'vAhaNa' nAmaka racanAoM meM jahAja ke rUpaka kA varNana hotA hai / megharAja racita aimI eka hI racanA 'saMyama pravahaNa' yA 'rAjacandra pravahaNa' prApta haiN| 'dIpikA' saMjaka racanA bhI eka hI prApta hai| kanakakuzala bhaTTAraka racita 'mundara zRMgAra kI rasa dIpikA' zRgAra-kRti atyaMta lokapriya hai| 'candrAulA' candrAvala kA apabhraMza rUpa lagatA hai| candrAvala geya gItoM ke kathA-rUpa kI saMjJA hai| rAjasthAna tathA bundelakhaNDa meM 'candrAvala' gIta kathA pracalita hai jo zrAvaNa meM jhUle para gAI jAtI hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI geya gIta rUpa meM hI AcAryoM evaM tIrthaMkaroM ke 'candrAulA' race haiN| aisI kRtiyoM meM samayasundara racita 'zrI jinacandrasUri candrAulA' tathA jayavaMtasUri kRta 'sImandhara candrAulA' ullekhanIya racanAeM haiN| __ cunar3I, sUkhar3I, AMtarA, dhra pada Adi vividha saMjJAeM bhI ina bhAvuka kaviyoM ne apanI dharmopadeza evaM bhakti saMbaMdhI racanAoM ke lie prayukta kI hai| cUnar3I meM tIrthakaroM kI caritrarUpI cunar3I ko dhAraNa karane ke saMkSipta varNana haiN| usa cAritrarUpI cunar3I meM guNoM kA raMga, jinadANI kA rasa, tapa rUpI teja Adi kI mundara rUpaka yojanA nirUpita kI gaI hai| aise cunar3I gItoM meM brahmajaya sAgara kI 'cunar3I gIta' racanA sAdhukIrti kI 'cunar3I' tathA samayasundara kI 'caritra cunar3I' Adi mahatvapUrNa haiN| ___ "sUkhar3I' nAmaka racanAoM meM vividha vyaMjanoM kA ullekha hai| ina kaviyoM ne bhakti varNana ke sAtha apane pAkazAstra ke jJAna kA pradarzana bhI kiyA hai / gAMtinAtha ke janma ke avasara para kitane prakAra kI miThAiyAM banI thIM- yaha batAne ke lie abhayacanda ne 'sUkhar3I' kI racanA kii| 'AMtarA' racanAoM meM 24 tIrthakaroM ke avataraNa ke samaya kA varNana hotA hai| 'vIracandra kI jina AMtarA' racanA meM pratyeka tIrthakara ke hone meM jo samaya lagatA hai- usakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| duvAveta : __musalamAnoM ke samparka se karIba 14vIM zatAbdI se prAntIya bhASAoM kI racanAoM meM arabI-phArasI ke zabdoM kA bhI pracura prayoga milane lagatA hai| isa

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jaina- gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 313 AdAna-pradAna kI prakriyA se kucha navIna kAvyarUpoM kI paramparA kI bhI Arambha huA / gajala isI prakAra kA sAhitya prakAra hai "duvAveta " bhI phArasI kA eka sAhitya prakAra hai jo 17vIM zatI ke kaviyoM ne vizeSa apanAyA hai / aisI racanAoM meM hindI kI khaMr3I bolI kA acchA prayoga huA hai / rAjasthAnI chanda grantha 'raghunAtha rUpaka' meM 71 prakAra ke DiMgala gIta unake lakSaNa tathA aMta meM 'duvAvaita' ke bhI do prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha koI chanda nahIM, mAtra padavandha racanA hai, jisameM anuprAsa milAyA jAtA hai| kaccha-bhuja brajabhAMpA pAThazAlA ke AcArya kuvarakuzala racita 'mahArAo lakhapati duvAvaita' racanA isa koTi meM AtI hai, jisameM mahArAva lakhapati kA vistAra se bahuta sundara varNana milatA hai / "nAmamAlA" racanAoM meM prAyaH tIrthakaroM ke vizeSaNoM yA sAdhuoM ke nAmoM kI mAlAM gU MthI jAtI hai| parantu Alocya yugIna jaina- gurjara kaviyoM kI isa prakAra kI koI racanA prApta nahIM ho pAI hai / kaccha bhuMccha vrajabhASA pAThazAlA ke AcArya kanakakuzala aura kuMvarakuzala kI tIna "nAmamAlA" nAmaka racanAoM kA ullekha huA hai, jo isa prakAra hai kanakakuzala bhaTTArka kuMara kuzala : zrImad devacanda jinaha kucha " dodhaka" racanAeM bhI milatI haiM / ina varNika chandoM meM samavRta kA eka bheda hai / bharata ke lakSaNa ke anusAra tIna bhagaNoM aura do guruoM ke yoga se yaha vRtta banatA hai 11 kucha jaina gurjara kaviyoM ne ise dohe ke artha meM prayukta kiyA hai / kahI kahIM to dohe kI 11 - 13 mAtrAoM kA bhI pUrNa nirvAha nahIM huA hai / " dodhaka" nAmaka prApta racanAeM isa prakAra haiM lakhapati maMjarI nAmamAlA pArasati nAmamAlA tathA lakhapati maMjarI nAmamAlA : 0 sAdhu samasyA duvAdaza doghaka dodhaka chattIsI 2 tathA pArzvanAtha dodhaka chattIsI 3 inake anantara kucha Adi kI saMjJA vAlI bhI prApta haiM / racanAeM paTTAvalI-gurvAvalI, jakar3I, hiyAlI samasyA 1. hindI sAhitya kopa, pR0 342 2. jina 3. vahI / graMthAvalI, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 117, 302 /

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AlocanA-khar3a "paTTAvalI" yA gurvAvalI " racanAoM meM guru-paramparA kA varNana hotA hai / jaina kaviyoM ne prAyaH apanI kRtiyoM ke prArambha meM yA anta meM apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu kucha kaviyoM ne jaina gacchoM kI AcArya paramparA kA itivRtta svataMtra racanAoM meM bhI diyA hai / aisI racanAoM meM brahma jayasAgara racita 'gurvAvalI gIta' tathA samayasundara racita 'kharatara guru paTTAvalI' 1 tathA 'gurvAvalI' 2 kRtiyAM ullekhanIya haiM / 314 " jakar3I" jikra kA hI apabhraMza hai / isakA artha dhyAna se hai / arthAt pratikSaNa jIvana kI vyAvahArika kriyAoM meM Izvara kA dhyAna hI jikra hai / gujarAtI zabda jakar3avu ( jakar3avA ) se isakI samatA dekhI jA sakatI hai / isa dRSTi se ise eka viziSTa vicAradhArA kA bandhana bhI mAna sakate haiM gujarAtI kavi akhA kI kar3iyA atyaMta priya tathA prasiddha haiM / jaina kaviyoM ne bhI aisI kucha jakar3iyoM kI racanA kI hai / jinarAjasUri kI cAra jakar3iyAM prApta haiM jo "jinarAjasUri kRta kusumAMjali" meM saMgrahIta hai / . "hiyAlI" yA " hariyAlI" saMjJaka racanAoM ko hindI ke kUTa - sAhitya kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / vastu vizeSa ke nAma gupta rakhate hue use spaSTa karane vAlI vizeSa bAtoM kA varNana ho aisI racanAoM ko "hiyAlI" kahate haiM / iname buddhi kI parIkSA ho jAtI hai / aneka "rAsa" graMthoM meM Aye pati-patnI kI paraspara goSThI varNana ke prasaMgoM meM manoraMjanArtha aisI hIyAliyoM kA prayoga huA hai / 16vIM zatAbdI se hIyAliyoM kI racanA dekhane ko milatI hai / ina kaviyoM kI prApta "hIyAliyAM" 5 se 10 padyoM taka hI milatI haiM / kavi dharmavarddhana tathA samayasundara ne aisI aneka "hIyAliyoM" kI racanA kI | samayasundara kI hIyAlI kA eka udAharaNa dekhie - g "kahijyo paMDita eka hIyAlI, tumhe chau catura vicArI / nArI eka traNa akSara nAMme, dIThI nayara majhArI re // 1 // mukha aneka paNa jIbha nahIM re, nara nArI su N rAcai | caraNa nahIM te hAye cAlai, nATaka pAkhe nAcai re / / 2 / / anna khAyai pAnI nahIM pIMvara, tRpti na rAti dihAr3ai / para upagAra karai paNi paratikha, 3 avaguNa kauDi dikhAi || 3 || 1. samayamundara kRta kumumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 347 tathA 348 // 2. hI 3. pApaNi /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA avadhi ATha divasanI apanI, hiyada vimAsI jIjyo / samayasundara kahai samajhI lejyo, paNi te sarakhA mata hojyo / / 4 // "1 .jina padoM kA artha gUr3ha ho unheM "gUDhA" kahate haiN| aise gUDhAgIta bhI samayasundara ne paryApta likhe haiM / 2 ___samasyA, pAdapUrti, citrakAvya Adi kI prAcIna paramparA kA nirvAha bhI jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ne kiyA hai / kAvya vinoda ke yaha sundara prakAra haiN| samasyApUrti ke lie prasaMgodbhAvanA karanI par3atI hai| isameM prakhara kalpanAzakti kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / kavi dharmavarddhana tathA samayasundara ne samasyA, pAdapUrti, citrakAvya Adi kAvyarUpoM ke saphala prayoga kie haiN| . __ kavi samayasundara racita kucha "kulaka" racanAeM bhI milatI hai| aisI racanAoM meM kisI zAstrIya viSaya kI Avazyaka bAteM sArAMzataH varNita kI jAtI haiM athavA kisI vyakti kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai / zrI nAhaTAjI ne isa prakAra kI racanAoM kI eka pUrI sUcI taiyAra kI hai / 3 samayasundara racita 'zrAvaka vAraha vrata kulakam' tathA "zrAvaka dinakRtya kulakam" isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya racanAeM hai|4 - - - 1. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 461 / 2. vahI, pR0 128, 130 / 3. jaina dharma prakAza, varSa, 64, aMka 8, 11, 12 / 4. samayasundara kRta kusumAMjali, saMpA0 agaracanda nAhaTA, pR0 465-68 / - - - -- - -..............

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mUlyAMkana : prakaraNa : 7 Alocya kavitA kA mUlyAMkana aura upasaMhAra hindI bhakti sAhitya kI paramparA ke paviveza meM mUlya evaM mahatva saMta kavi aura jaina kavi rahasyavAdI dhArA saMta aura jaina kaviyoM kI guru sambandhI mAnyatAoM vizleSaNa sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahatva evaM mUlyAMkana upasaMhAra :

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prakaraNa : 7 Alocya kavitA kA mUlyAMkana aura upasaMhAra mUlyAMkana : kAvya eka anirvacanIya tatva hai, jisakI pratIti Anandavarddhana ne isa prakAra karAI hai-- "pratIyamAnaM punaranyadeva. vastvasti vANIpu mahAkavInAM / , etat prasiddhAyavAtiriktaM zrimAti lAvaNyamivAMganAsu // "1 arthAt striyoM meM zarIra- sauSThavagata saundarya ke atirikta bhI lAvayarUpa eka anirvacanIya tatva hotA hai, usI prakAra mahAkaviyoM kI vANI meM bhI pratIyamAna anirvacanIya saundaryatatva vidyamAna hotA hai| yaha anirvacanIya saundaryatatva tava taka vANI meM nahIM utara sakatA jaba taka kavi kI abhivyakti sIdhI AtmA se na ho| ataH Atmatatva kI gahana anubhUti hI saccA evaM ciraMtana kAvya hai| yahI amRtarUpA kAvya hai, yahI AtmA kI kalA hai,2 jisameM saccidAnandamaya AtmA kI abhivyakti hai| isa prakAra ke kAvya meM vAhya-vidhAna-chanda, guNa, alaMkAra Adi kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| inakA vidhAna sAyAsa na hokara svAbhAvika rUpa se yathAsthAna ho jAtA hai| yahA~ to AtmA kA alaukika Ananda rasa phUTatA rahatA hai, jisameM kavi svayaM rasa-sikta hai tathA jagat ke prANiyoM ko bhI apane stara-bheda se usameM snAna karAtA calatA hai| ina vItarAgI jaina-gUrjara saMta kaviyoM kI kavitA kA mUlyAMkana isI kasauTI para karanA caahie| inakI kavitA ke guNa, chanda, alaMkAra Adi vAhya upakaraNoM para dhyAna dene kI apekSA hameM unake svAnubhUtimaya anirvacanIya cetanatatva ko abhivyakti kI guNAvattA kA parIkSaNa karanA cAhie / yadyapi ina vAhya upAdAnoM kI -- 1. dhvanyA loka, 114 // 2. bhavabhUti ne kAvya ko "amRtarUpA" tathA "mAtmA kI kalA" kahA hai-~ uttara rAma carita 1 / 1 /

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320 AlocanA-khaMDa avasthiti bhI inakI vANI meM samucita rUpa meM mila jAtI hai tathApi vaha inake kAvya kA vidhAyaka aMza nahIM hai / ina adhyAtma mArga ke sAdhaka kaviyoM kI kavitA sundara mumanoM meM sajI pavitratA kI pratimUrti vanadevI-sI pratIta hotI hai / ina kaviyoM ko saMta kaviyoM kI taraha Adhyatmika kaviyoM ko koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai jinakI kavitA meM Atmatatva kI sugandhamaya abhivyakti huI hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA ke sambandhoM kI bhAvamayI anubhUti hI jana-gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA kA mUla viSaya rahA hai| isameM ajJAna-vimur3ita mAnava ko jhakajhora kara uThA dene kI alaukika kSamatA hai| ___ jJAnAnanda, yazovijaya, Anandaghana, vinayavijaya Adi aise hI zrapTha AdhyAtmika kavi haiM jinhoMne AtmA aura paramAtmA ke sambandha para prakAza DAlA hai| inake matAnusAra AtmA aura paramAtmA ke saMbaMdhoM ke ina rahasyamaya varNanoM meM eka divya rasAyana hai, jisakI vAstavika pratIti ho jAne para samasta bhAvanAeM, kAmanAeM aura vAsanAeM tRpta ho kara zAMta hone lagatI haiN| aura sAdhaka ananta rasAnandamaya nirvANa sthiti ko prApta karane lagatA hai| yahI vaha sthiti hai jaba ajapA jApa calatA hai, anahada nAda uThatA hai, Ananda ke dhana kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai aura AtmA paramAtmA se ekalayatA anubhava karane lagatI hai| parantu isa sthiti para pahu~canA AsAna nhiiN| isake lie bar3A kaThina tyAga evaM tapa karanA par3atA hai / vaha saccI Atma pratIti tathA anubhava jJAna kI lAlI to tava phUTatI hai java zarIra rUpI bhaTTI meM muddha svarUpa kI Aga sulagAkara apane anubhavarasa meM prema rUpI masAlA DAlA jAya aura use mana rUpI pyAle meM ubAla kara usake satva kA pAna kiyA jAya / 2 AlocyakAlIna jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA kA hindI bhakti-sAhitya kI paramparA ke pariveza meM mUlya evaM mahatva : hindI kA bhakti-kAvya nirguNa aura saguNa bhakti kAvya ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kara diyA hai| jaina kaviyoM kA bhakti-kAvya isa rUpa meM vibhAjita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / inakI kavitA meM nirguNa aura saguNa donoM kA samanvaya huA hai / inhone kisI eka kA samarthana karane ke lie dUsare kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA / sUra aura tulasI 1. "upajI dhuni ajapA kI anahada, jIta nagAre vArI / jhar3I sadA Anandadhana varakhata, vina more eka tArI // " -Anandadhana pada saMgraha, pada 20, pR0 52 / 2. vahI, pada 28, pR0 78-dekhie pichalA pRSTha /

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 321 rahI hai / ke saguNa brahma ke avatArI haiM / jaina kaviyoM ke arhanta ko usa rUpa meM avatArI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kyoMki ye tapa aura vyAna dvArA ananta parISahoM ko sahana kara, cAra ghAtimA karmoM kA kSaya kara arhantamada ke adhikArI banate haiM / sUra tulasI ke brahma pahale se hI brahma hai, yahAM arhanta apane svaporupa se bhagavAna banate haiM / phira bhI apanI sAkAratA, vyaktatA aura spaSTatA kI dRSTi se ina donoM meM aMtara nahIM dikhatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainoM meM arhanta kI saguNa brahma ke rUpa meM hI pUjA hotI parantu siddha arhanta se bar3e hai / ye ATha kamoM kA kSaya kara, zarIra ko tyAga kara, zuddha Atma rUpa meM siddhazilA para AsIna hote haiM, ataH nirAkAra bhI haiM / 1 madhyakAlIna hindI kAvya dhArA meM navIna vicAroM kI jo lahareM dakSiNa se uttara taka uThatI huI AI, ve yahAM kI paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa ho, apane kaI rUpoM meM pragaTa huI | AcArya zuklajI ne "saguNa" aura " nirguNa" nAmaka do zAkhAoM meM unheM vibhakta kara diyA aura bAda ke sabhI itihAsa lekhakoM ne ise svIkAra kara liyA / kintu arhanta - bhakti se saMbaMdhita vizAla sAhitya kI parigaNanA isameM nahIM ho sakI, jo parimANa aura mUlya donoM hI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa kahA jA sakatA hai / vastutaH jainabhakti kI akhaNDa paramparA ne 18vIM zatI taka bhAratIya antazcetanA ko sudRr3ha tathA jAgarUka banAye rakhane kA nirantara prayatna kiyA hai / saMta kavi aura jaMna kavi : saMta zabda guNa vAcaka hai, jisameM samasta sajjana evaM sAghupuruSa samAhita haiM / eka viziSTa dhArmikatA kI dRSTi se isakA artha nikAlA jAya to, jo sAMsArika aura bhautika vipayAdi se Upara uTha gayA hai, vaha saMta hai / aise saMta pratyeka dharma aura sampradAya meM mila sakate haiM / isa dRSTi se jainabhakti evaM adhyAtma sAhitya ke praNetA ina vItarAgI jaina- gurjara katriyoM ko bhI sacce arthoM meM "saMta" kaha sakate haiM / jina vicAroM ko lekara hindI ke saMta kavi Aye unakI pRSThabhUmi pUrva nirmita hI thI / isameM zaiva, zAkta, boddha, jaina, nAthapaMthI Adi sabhI kA hAtha thA / yaha loka dharma thA, jo kavIra kI vANI meM prakaTa huA / Age calakara isI paramparA ke darzana 27vIM evaM 18vIM zatI ke ina jaina - gurjara - kaviyoM meM bhI hote haiM / cetAvanI, khaMDana aura maMDana saMta sAhitya ke ye tIna pramukha aMga brahma "saguNa" aura "nirguNa" se pare hai, phira bhI prema rUpa hai / 1. "niSkalaH pazcavidha zarIra rahitaH paramAtma prakAza 1125 / brahmadeva kI saMskRta TIkA, pR0 32 / / inakA isakI prApti ke

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322 AlocanA-khaDa AdhAra haiM-sAdhanA aura prema / gorakhanAtha ne apane paMtha meM haThayoga kA AdhAra liyA, Age calakara yahI haThayoga saMtamata kI sAdhanA kA pradhAna aMga mAnA jAne lagA / jainadharma hai / kAyA ko sAdhakara, indriyoM ko vazakara kevalajJAna kI prApti jaina sAdhanA kA aMtima lakSya hai| jaina kAvya aura saMta kAvya meM adbhuta samAnatA hai-bAhyAumbara kA virodha, saMsAra kI AsAratA kA citraNa, cittazuddhi aura mana ke niyantraNa para jora, guru kI mahimA, AtmA-paramAtmA kA priya-premI ke rUpa meM citraNa Adi meM yaha samAnatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| donoM ne brahma kI sattA ghaTa ghaTa svIkAra karate hue bhI use sarva vyApaka, nirguNa, nirAkAra aura aja mAnA hai| pApa aura puNya donoM hI samAnarUpa se bandhana ke kAraNa hai ataH tyAjya haiN| inameM isa sAmya kA upayukta kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki ye sacce arthoM meM saMta aura muni the / yaha sAmya anubhava janita tathyoM kA sAmya hai| mahAtmA Anandadhana aura kabIra meM prApta adbhuta sAmya ke pIche yahI mUla kAraNabhUta hai| hAM, kabIra se mahAtmA Anandaghana karIba do-DhAI sau varSa pazcAt hue, jo kabIra se bahuta kucha aMzoM meM prabhAvita rahe haiM, para inameM apanI apanI sthAnubhUti kA sAmya vizeSa hai / AtmA paramAtmA ke sambandha meM kabIra aura jaina kaviyoM meM antara itanA hI hai ki jaina kaviyoM kI dRSTi se aneka AtmA aneka brahmamarUpa ho sakate haiM jabaki kabIra kI dRSTi se aneka AtmA eka hI brahma ke aneka rUpa haiN| vastutaH AtmA paramAtmA meM koI tAtvika bheda nhiiN| donoM kI yahI dhAraNA hai| AtmA aura brahma kI ekatA kabIra ne jala aura kumbha tathA lahara aura sAgara ke pratIkoM dvArA prastuta kI hai / jisa prakAra ghar3e ke bhItara aura bAhara eka hI jala hai, usI prakAra sarvavyApaka paramAtmA aura zarIrastha AtmA donoM eka hI haiM / ghar3e kA bAhya vyavadhAna dUra ho jAne para jalAdi eka ho jAte haiM, usI zarIrajanya karmoM ke kSaya hone para AtmA paramAtmA kA bheda samApta ho jAtA hai / 1 AtmA paramAtmA ke bIca kI isa bheda-rekhA kA vilInIkaraNa citta kI zuddhi aura guru kI kRpA se hI saMbhava hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki saMtoM ne guru ko govinda se bhI bar3A sthAna diyA aura jaba AtmA paramAtmA eka hI hai to use khojane vAhara bhaTakane kI AvazyakatA nahIM, usakA darzana to antara meM hI ho jAtA hai| ataH saMtoM aura jaina kaviyoM ne bAhara bhaTakane kA niSedhakara deha-devAlaya meM pratiSThita deva kA darzana karane ko kahA hai| kavIra ne zarIra meM sthita deva kA paricaya dene ke lie kabhI use "kastUrI kuNDali basa, mRga - 1. zyAmasundara dAsa saMpA0 kabIra graMthAvalI, pR0 105 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA. 323 DhUDhe vana mAMhiM / " 1 kahA hai to kabhI "zarIra sarovara bhItara Ache kamala anUpa / " 2 batAyA hai / isI taraha mahAtmA Anandaghana ne parabhAva aura bAhara bhaTakane kI mAnava pravRtti ko mUr3ha karma kaha kara ghaTa meM base ananta paramAtmarUpa kA dhyAna karane ko kahA hai / 3 jJAnana Mda ne " aMtara dRSTi nihAlo " 4 kahA kara tathA vinayavijaya ne "sudhA sarovara hai yA ghara meM " 5 kaha kara isI bAta kI puSTi kI hai / ina kaviyoM ne isa ananta tatva ko aneka nAmoM se pukArA hai / use rAma, ziva, viSNu, kezava, brahmA Adi kahA hai, parantu donoM ko avatAra vAda meM vizvAsa nahIM | kabIra ne apane ArAdhya kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA ki unakA "allAha" alakha niraMjana deva hai; jo hara prakAra kI sevA se pare / unakA "viSNu" vaha hai, jo sarva vyApaka hai, "kRSNa" vaha hai jisane saMsAra kA nirmANa vaha hai jo brahamANDa meM vyApta hai, "rAma" vaha hai jo yugoM se vaha hai jo dasoM dvAroM ko khola detA kI rakSA karatA hai, "karIma" vaha hai jJAna gamya hai, "mahAdeva" vaha hai jo kiyA hai, "govinda" rama rahA hai, "khudA" hai, "raba" vaha hai jo caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM jo sabhI kArya karatA hai, mana kI bAta jAnatA hai "gorakha" vaha hai jo / isa prakAra kabIra ke mahAtmA Anandaghana ke ArAdhya ke nAma ananta haiM aura usakI mahimA apAra hai / 6 braha mama kI vyAkhyA bhI lagabhaga inhIM zabdoM meM huI hai / 7 kabhI ye paurANika zabdAvalI meM brajanAtha ke samakSa apanI dInatA vyakta karate haiM, 8 to kabhI vaMzIvAle se dila lagAne kI bAta kahate haiM / kintu isase avatAravAda kA samarthana nahIM hotA / vastutaH unakA braha mama to eka hI hai, bhale use rAma, rahamAna, kRSNa, mahAdeva, pArzvanAtha yA 1. zyAmasundara dAsa sampAdita, kabIra graMthAvalI, pR0 81 / 2. rAmakumAra varmA, saMta kabIra, pR0 161 | 3. vahirAtama mUDhA jaga jetA, mAyA ke phaMda rahetA / ghaTa aMtara paramAtama ghyAve, durlabha prANI tenA // " --Anandaghana pada saMgraha, pada 27, pR074 / 4. bhajana saMgraha, dharmAmRta, pada 28, pR0 31 / 5. vahI, pada 32, pR0 35 | 6. zyAmasundara dAsa saMpA0 kabIra 7. rAma kaho rahamAna kaho kou, ' 8. vahI, pada 63, pR0 271 / 6. vahI, pada 53, pR0 157 // graMthAvalI, pada 327, pR0 166 / 'Anandaghana pada saMgraha, pada 67, pR0 284 /

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324 bAlocanA-khaMDa brahmA kucha bhI kaha lo| mRtikA piNDa se aneka prakAra ke nAma rUpa pAtra banate haiN| usI prakAra akhaNDa tatva meM aneka bhedoM kI kalpanA yA AropaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| sneka saMbhava nAmoM kA prayoga kara lene ke uparAMta donoM hI brahama kI anantatA aura anirvacanIyatA svIkAra kara lete haiN| isa sthiti para use mAtra anubhavagamya mAnakara, apanI vANI kI asamarthatA spaSTa bhAva se prakaTa karate hue use ne "gUge kA guDa" kaha diyA to dUsare ne "tero vacana agocara lpa" batAkara "kahana sunana ko kA nahIM pyAre" kaha kaha hai / 2 yaha anubhavaikagamya; ananta aura anirvacanIya brahama hI jaina tathA ajaina saMtoM kA upAsya hai / isakI sAdhanA ke lie kisI bAhya vidhi-vidhAna yA zAstra-pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / isa sAdhanA mArga meM pravRtta hone ke lie citta kI zuddhi, mana aura indriyoM kA saMyama tathA sAMsArika prapaMcoM se 'anAsakta hone kI AvazyakatA hai| isake liye mAyA athavA avighA ke bhrama-jAla ko chinna bhinna karanA hotA hai aura yaha kArya itanA sarala nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina aura arjana saMtoM ne mAyA ko cANDAlinI, DominI sAMpani, DAkina aura ThaginI batAyA hai| isake prabhAva se vaha mA, viSNu, maheza, nArada, apI-mahapi, Adi bhI nahIM bace hai| mAyA ne kitane hI munivaroM, pIroM, vedAntI-bAha maNoM evaM gAktoM kA zikAra kiyA hai| isa mAyA ne sampUrNa vizva ko apane pAga meM bAMdha rakhA hai|3 jaina saMtoM meM Anandaghana, yagovijaya, vinayavijaya, jJAnAnanda, jinaharpa samayasundara Adi ne mAyA kA varNana isI rUpa meM kiyA hai| Anandaghana kA mAyA-kathana to kabIra se sAmya hI nahIM rakhatA apitu sAta paMktiyA~ to eka zabdoM ke heraphera ke sAtha eka jainI hI hai| rahasvAdI dhArA : vastutaH avyAtma kI carama sImA hI rahasyavAda kI jananI hai| AtmAparamAtmA ke praNaya kI bhAvAtmaka abhivyakti ko hI rahasyavAda kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / rahasyavAda kI avicchinna paramparA kA mUla tathA prAcIna trota upaniSadoM kA 1. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, kabIra, pR0 126 / 2. AnaMdaghana pada maMgraha, mada 21, pR0 53-56 / / 3. (a) zyAmasundara dAna saMpA0 kabIra dhAvalI, pada 187, pR0 151 / (A) AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, pada 66, 451-886 /

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jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 325 adhyAtma darzana hai| kAvya aura darzana ke kSetra meM yaha dhArA apratihata gati se anavarata pravAhita rhii| pratyeka yuga meM vibhinna saMtoM dvArA upanipad ke Atma tatva kA vivecana tathA vizlepaNa hotA rahA hai / siddhanAtha aura saMta sAhitya para isakA vyApaka prabhAva spaSTa hai / upanipadoM meM varNita, brahmatatva kI vyApakatA tathA anirvacanIyatA, citta zuddhi para jora, vAhyAcAroM kA virodha tathA sahaja sAdhanA hI isakI AdhAra zilAeM haiN| yadyapi jaina dharma aura sAdhanA kA vikAza svatatra rUpa se huA hai tathApi vaha upaniSadoM ke prabhAva se bacA nhiiN| jaina sAhitya meM rahasyavAda ke svarUpa kA mUla AcArya kundakunda ke "bhAvapAhuDa" meM dRSTi gocara hotA hai| bAda meM yogIndu ke "paramAtma prakAza" meM tathA muni rAmasiMha ke "dohApAhuDa" meM rahasyavAda kI isa avicchinna dhArA kA vahI svara mukharita huA hai jo Age cala kara kabIra meM dekhane ko milatA hai / jaina dharma aura sAhitya jJAnamUlaka hai, para jaina-gUrjara hindI kaviyoM kA mana jJAna kI apekSA bhAva para adhika ramA hai / inakA jJAna, korA jJAna nahI, prema mUlaka jJAna hai / 17vI evaM 18vIM zatI ina gaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI isa hindI kavitA meM bhAvAtmaka rahasyavAda kA utkRSTa rUpa milatA hai / hAM, yaha kahanA kaThina avazya hai ki isakI mUla preraNA jaina paramparA rahI haiM yA kavIra jaise satoM kI vANI / anumAnataH isa sava ke samanvaya ne hI ina kaviyoM ke mAnasa-tantuoM kA nirmANa kiyA hogaa| kabIra ne apane ko rAma kI bahuriyA mAnakara jisa dAmpatya bhAva kI sAdhanA kI, isakA prabhAva Anandaghana jaise saMtoM para na par3A ho, yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai / kyoki kavIra aura anandaghana jaise jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM meM priyatama ke viraha me abhivyakta tar3apana, vekalI, milana kI lAlasA aura priya ke ghara Ane para ullasita Ananda kI eka-mI dhar3akana dekhane ko milatI hai| priyatama ke viraha meM kabIra kI AtmA tar3apatI hai| use na dina meM caina hai aura na rAta ko nIMda hI AtI hai / seja sUnI hai, tar3apate tar3apate hI rAta bIta jAtI hai| A~khe thaka gaI, pratIkSA kA mArga bhI nahIM dikhatA / vedardI sAMI taba bhI sudha nahIM letA / 1 priya kA mArga dekhate dekhate AMgvoM meM jhAI par3a gaI, nAma pukArate pukArate jihvA meM chAle par3a gaye, niSThUra phira bhI nahIM pasIjatA / 2 patra bhI kaise likhA jAya ? mana meM aura nayanoM meM jo samAyA huA hai use saMdeza bhI kaise diyA jAya ?3 aisI vipama sthiti meM kabIra kI virahiNI 1. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, kabIra, pR0 326 / 2. vahI, pR0 331 / 3. vahI, pR0 330 /

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326 jIvita bhI kaise rahe ? binA priya ke ava vaha upAya bhI kyA kare ? use na to dina ko bhUkha lagatI hai aura na rAta ko hI sukha hai / AtmA jala vihIna machalI kI taraha tar3apa rahI hai / 1 saubhAgya se kabIra kI sAvanA phalatI hai| milana kA avasara A gayA / kavIra ne nainoM kI koTharI meM putalI kI palaMga bichAkara palakoM kI cika DAlakara apane priya ko rijhA liyA hai / 2 ava to vaha apane priya ko kabhI dUra nahIM jAne degA, kyoMki bar3e viyoga ke bAda, bar3e bhAgya se use ghara baiThe prApta kiyA hai / kavIra aba to use prema-prIti meM hI ulajhAye rakheMge aura unake caraNoM meM lage raheMge / 3 AlocanA-khaMDa jaina kavi Anandaghana bhI AtmA aura paramAtmA ke saMbaMdha kA lagabhaga aisA hI varNana karate haiM / unakI AtmA kabhI paramAtmA se mAna karane lagatA hai ( pada 18 ), kabhI pratIkSA karatI hai ( pada 16 ), kabhI milana kI utkaMThA se tar3apa uThatI hai ( pada 33), kabhI apanI viraha-vyAkulatA kA nivedana karane lagatI hai ( pada 41-57), kabhI priya ko mIThe upAlaMbha detI hai ( pada 32 ) to kabhI priya milana kI anubhUti se Ananda-magna ho apane "suhAga " para garva karane lagatI hai / ( pada 20 ) / unakI virahiNI dinarAta mIrAM kI taraha apane priya kA paMtha nihArA karatI hai / use Dara hai ki kahIM usakA priya use bhUla na baiThA ho / kyoMki priya ke lie usake jaise lAkhoM para usake lie usakA priya hI sarvasva hai " nizadina jou tArI vATaDI, ghere Avo re DholA // mujha sarikhA tujha lAkha hai, mere tu hI amolA ||1|| 4 isa prakAra ina jaina gUrjara kaviyoM aura saMta yA bhakta kaviyoM meM bhAva sAmya hI nahIM zabdAvalI bhI tyoM kI tyoM dRSTigocara hotI hai / jinaharSa kI kavitA meM aura anyAya kaviyoM meM bhAva yA zabdAvalI ke adbhuta sAmya ke kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM 1 " dasa duvAra ko pIMjaro, tAmai paMchI rahaNa acUvo hai jasA, jANa acUvo graMthAvalI, pR0 416 pona | kauna // 4 // " jinaharSa 1. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, kabIra, pR0 334 / 2. vahI, pR0 330 // 3. vahI, pR0 322 / 4. Anandaghana pada saMgraha, zrI adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maMDala, bambaI, pada 16, pR0 37

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM ko hindI kavitA "nI dvAre kA pIMjarA, tAmeM paMchI pona / rahane ko Acaraja hai, gae acambho kauna // " kavIra 2 " jo hama aise jAnate, prIti vIci dukha hoi / sahI DhaMDhero pherate, prIta karo mata koi // 8 // " ji0 gra N0 pR0 416 " je maiM eso jAnatI, prIta kiyAM dukha hoya / nagara DhaMDharI pheratI, prIta na 3 ' uThi kahA soI rahyau, naina kAla Ai kamau dvAra; toraNa jyu vIMda re / / " ji0 graM0 351 "sovU ra sovU vandA ke karai, soyA Avai re nIMda, sirahANa vandAyUM khar3I, toraNa Ayo jyU N bIMda / " - saMta sudhAkara - kAjI mahamada kariyo koya ||" mIrAbAI bharI nIMda re / 327 jAyasI aura jaina kaviyoM ne bhI brahma kI ArAdhanA meM "prema ke pyAle" khUba piye hai | mahAtmA AnaMdaghana ne prema ke pyAle ko pIkara matavAle cetana dvArA paramAtma sugandha lene kI bAta kahI hai aura phira vaha aisA khela khelatA hai ki sArA saMsAra tamAzA dekhatA hai / 1 jAyasI ke prema-pyAle meM to itanA nayA hai ki za hI nahIM rahatA / vaha apane prema pAtra ko dekhane meM bhI samartha nahI / ratnasena prema kI isa vehozI meM pahacAnanA to dUra padmAvatI ko dekha bhI na sake / 2 prema kA tIra bhI eka jaisA hai, vaha jise lagatA hai, vaha vahIM kA vahIM raha jAtA hai-"tIra acUka he prema kA lAge so rahe Thaura / " AnaMdaghana 3 te soi ||" jAyasI 4 11 kabIra 5 " prema ghAva dukha jAna na koI / jehi lAge jAne " lAgI coTa sabada kI, rahyA kavIrA Thaura // isa prakAra kI samAnatA sUcaka aneka udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| sUradAsa ne jisa prakAra "aba meM nAcyo bahuta gupAla" kahakara sAMgarUpaka meM jisa vinaya bhAvanA ko abhivyakti kI hai, isakI smRti jinarAjasUri kI ina paMktiyoM se anAyAsa ho uThatI hai | dekhie kitanA adbhuta sAmya hai 1. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, zrI bhavyAtma jJAna prasAraka maMDala, bambaI, pada 28vAM / 2. " jAhi mada car3hA parAtehi pAle, sudhi na rahI ohi eka pyAle // " 84 | rAmacandra zukla, jAyasI graMthAvalI, 12vIM caupAI, pR0 3. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, pada 4, pR0 7 4. jAyasI graMthAvalI, prema khaNDa; pahalI copAI, pra0 46

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328 AlocanA-khaDa "nAyaka moha nacAvIyau, hu~ nAccau dina rAto re / / caurAsI lakha colaNA, pahariyA nava nava bhAta re / / 1 / / kAcha kapaTa mada ghUgharA, kaMThi viSaya vara mAlo re / neha navala siri seharau, lobha tilaka dai bhAlo re ! // 2 // bharama bhuuNa mana mAdala, kumati kadA graha nAlo re / krodha kaNau kaTi taTi vaNyau, bhava maMDapa calasAlo re // madana sabada vidhi UgaTI, oDhI mAyA cIro re / nava nava cAla dikhAvatai, kA na karI takasIro re // 3 // "? saMta aura jaina kaviyoM kI guru saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM kA vizleSaNa siddha, santa, nAtha tathA jaina kaviyoM ne guru kI mahimA ko bhI muktakaNTha se svIkAra kiyA hai| guru ke hI prasAda se bhagavAna ke milane kI bAta sabhI ne svIkAra kI hai / kabIra ne guru ko isalie bar3A batAyA ki unhoMne govinda ko batA diyA / sundaradAsa ke dayAlu guru ne bhI AtmA ko paramAtmA se milA diyA hai / 2 dAdU ko bhI "agama agAdha" ke darzana guru ke prasAda se hI hote haiM / 3 kintu guru ke prati saMtoM kI ye saba uktiyAM "jJAna" ke aMga hai, bhAva ne nahIM / jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ne apane guru-AcAryoM ke prati jisa bhAva-vihvala padAvalI kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha jaina-saMtoM kI sarvathA navIna upalabdhi hai| jahAM santoM meM tathyaparakatA vizeSa hai, vahAM jaina kaviyoM meM bhAvaparakatA UMcI ho uThI hai| mahAkavi samayasundara kA guru rAjasiMhasUri kI bhakti meM gAyAgIta, kuzalalAbha kA AcArya pUjyavAhaNa kI bhakti meM gAyA gIta Adi isake jvalaMta pramANa haiN| 4 ina gItoM meM guru ke viraha meM zipya kI jo becainI aura milana meM apAra prasannatA vyakta huI hai, vaha anyatra nahIM miltii| niguNie saMtoM ne isa ora dhyAna hI nahIM diyaa| ina jaina kaviyoM meM guru ke prati bhI saccI bhAvaparakatA, bhagavAna kI hI bhAMti mukhara uThI hai| __isa bhAMti ina jaina-gUjara kaviyoM meM tathA saMta yA bhakta kaviyoM meM vicAra praNAlI kI hI dRSTi se nahIM, apitu zailI, pratIka yojanA tathA unakI sAdhanA-praNAlI 1. jinarAjamUri kRta kusumAMjali, pR0 5-6 / 2. DaoN0 dIkSita, mundara darzana ( ilAhAbAda ). pR0 177 / 3. saMta sudhAsAra, gurudeva ko aMga, pahalI sAkhI, pR0 446 / 4. agaracanda nAhaTA saMpAdita "aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha," pR0 129 tathA 116-117 /

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 326 meM prayukta zabdoM meM bhI adbhuta sAmya hai / vastutaH zUnya, sahaja, niraMjana, candra, sUrya, Adi zabdoM kA sarvatra eka artha nahIM ho sakatA aura na kAla ke bahate pravAha meM yaha saMbhava hI hai / phira bhI inakI citana praNAlI, viziSTa bhAvadhArA, abhivyakti kA DhaMga Adi ko dekhate hue lagatA hai ki ye sabhI zabda tathA bhAva tatkAlIna samAja kI vicAradhArA meM parivyApta the, jinakA prAcIna parasparA ke rUpa meM nirvAha ho rahA thA / nizcaya hI inakA mUla srota ati prAcIna rahA hai, jisameM jainoM tathA anya sabhI sampradAyoM ne apane jIvana ke tatva grahaNa kiye / vastutaH jana-mAnasa ke ajJAta srotoM se bahakara AnevAlI paramparA kI yaha srotasvinI 17vIM evaM 18vIM zatI ke jaina gurjara kaviyoM ke mAnasakUloM se bhI TakarAI aura apanI madhumayI abhivyakti ke rUpa meM isa yuga ke sAhitya ko bhI zAMtarasa kI lahariyoM meM nimajjita karatI rhii| isa prakAra dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki bhaktikAla ke kaviyoM kI bhAMti ina jaina kaviyoM kI kAvyadhArA kA mahatva bhI nirvivAda | isI mahatva kI svIkRti puruSottamadAsa TaMDana jI kI vANI meM prApta hotI hai ! jaina saMta kaviyoM para vicAra karate hue unhoMne likhA hai - "inakI vAnI usI raMga meMragI hai aura unhIM siddhAntoM ko puSTa karane vAlI hai jinakA paricaya kabIra aura mIrA ne karAyA hai - AMtarika prema kI vahI mastI, saMsAra kI cIjoM se vahI khiMcAva, dharma ke nAma para calAI gaI rUDhiyoM ke prati vahI tAr3anA, vAhya rUpAntaroM meM usI eka mAlika kI khoja aura bAhara se apanI zaktiyoM ko khIMca kara use antamukhI karane meM hI Izvara ke samIpa pahuMcane kA upAya / 1 sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahatva evaM mUlyA~kana bhAratIya saMskRti kA vikAsa vibhinna rUpoM meM huA hai, parantu ina vibhinnatAoM kI taha meM ekarUpatA varAvara vidyamAna rahI hai / bAhya saMskRtiyoM se prabhAvita hokara bhI bhAratIya saMskRti kI antarAtmA meM kahIM kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM huA hai / hajArI prasAda dvivedI jI ke zabdoM meM "saMskRti manuSya kI vividha sAdhanAoM kI sarvottata pariNati hai / "dharma" ke samAna vaha bhI avirodhI vastu hai / vaha samasta dRzyamAna virodhoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatI hai / bhAratIya janatA kI vividha sAvanAoM kI saba se sundara pariNati ko hI bhAratIya saMskRti kahA jA sakatA hai / "2 bhAratIya saMskRti kA bar3A guNa usakA samanvaya pradhAna honA hai / bhAratIya saMskRti 1. bhajanasaMgraha, dharmAmRta, prastAvanA, pR0 18 / 2. azoka ke phUla, "bharatavarSa kI sAMskRti samasyA" nibaMdha, pR0 63 /

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AlocanA-khaMDa kI punIta gaMgA meM nadI nAloM kA mizraNa avazya huA hai, phira bhI usakI pAvanI zakti itanI pravala hai ki saba ko gAMgeya rUpa mila gayA hai / 1 ataH vibhinna saMskRtiyoM kA sammizraNa hone para bhI bhAratIya saMskRti apane maulika evaM aparivartita rUpa meM yahAM kI kalA-kRtiyoM, AcAra-vicAroM Adi meM surakSita hai| jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI udAratA, mamarasatA evaM ekatA ke darzana hote haiM / sampradAya vizeSa meM dIkSita hote hue ina kaviyoM meM asAmpradAyika abhivyakti kA svara sadaiva UMcA rahA hai| antara ke AvegoM kI vegavatI yaha dhArA dharma-sampradAya Adi vAhya maryAdAoM kI avahenA kara apane prakRta sAMskRtika rUpa kA paricaya detI huI vaha nikalI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kavitA meM satyArthI vItarAgI AtmA kI utkaTa vedanA evaM gahana anubhUtiyAM mukhara ho uThI haiN| ina kaviyoM ne nIti aura vairAgya ke nAnA upadeza diye haiM tathA vibhinna dRSTAMtoM dvArA saMsAra kI asAratA, zarIra kI kSaNabhaMguratA, Ayu kI alpatA, mRtyu kI aTalatA, tana, dhana, yauvana, viSayAsakti Adi kI nissAratA batAkara, vinaya, Atmadainya, bhakti, paropakAra, dharma aura dAna Adi sadguNoM kI mahattA siddha karane kA mahat prayatna kiyA hai| inakI vANI meM vAhya ADambaroM se vacane, kAma, krova, loma Adi durguNoM ko tyAgane, paradhana aura parastrI para dRSTi na DAlane, jAtipAMti aura UMca-nIca meM vizvAsa na rakhane, bhoga-vilAsa se dUra rahane, svArtha ke mthAna para paramArtha kA vicAra karane tathA AtmA meM hI paramAtmA ko dekhane Adi ke sarala upadezoM kI zAMtarasa-sikta dhArA nisRta huI hai / bhAratIya saMskRti aneka dharmoM, sampradAyoM tathA unakI vicAra dhArAoM evaM sAdhanA paddhati se puSTa hotI rahI hai / ataH isa deza meM paramAtmA ke aneka rUpa evaM nAma kalpita kiye hai para Akhira to usake nAma hI pRthaka-pRthaka haiM, vastutaH vaha tatva eka hI hai / isa bhAva ko jaina-gUrjara kaviyoM ne bhI sarvatra pratipAdita kiyA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI mahattA aprachanna hai / parantu usake siddhAnta evaM uddezya guDha evaM gahana hai / unheM samajhane ke lie kore siddhAnta vAkyoM se kAma nahIM cltaa| ataH kavi una siddhAntoM evaM uddezyoM ko kisI kAvya-kathA dvArA yA kAntAsammita upadega dvArA prastuta kara prabhAvazAlI banA dete haiN| isa taraha gUr3ha evaM gahana siddhAnta bhI mugamatA se hRdayagama karA liye jAte hai| ina kaviyoM ne apanI zAMtarasa pradhAna racanAoM dvArA sAhitya ke uccatama nadhya ko sthira rakhA hai / kabIra, sUra, tulasI, mIrA, nAnaka Adi kaviyoM kI taraha 1. gulAbarAya, bhAratIya saMskRti kI sparekhA, pR0 15 /

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331 jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA ye kavi bhI bhakti, adhyAtma, nIti Adi kI prasthApanA dvArA apanI kavitA meM sAMskRtika punarutthAna kI cetanA bharate rahe / hindI ke rItikAla ke prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM ne zRMgAra aura vilAsa kI madirA se hI apane kAvya rasa ko puSTa kiyA / pariNAma svarUpa bhArata apane kartavyoM aura aura Adarza caritroM ko bhUlane lagA aura unameM rahI sahI zakti evaM oja bhI naSTa hone lgaa| ye kavi kAminI ke kaTAkSoM kI sImA se bAhara nikala hI nahIM pAye aura inakA vilAsa bhArata ke patana meM sahAyaka huA, inakI zRMgAra-sAdhanA ne janatA ke manobala ko naSTa karane meM jahara kA kAma kiyaa| sAhitya kA mUla lakSya to mAnava mAtra meM saccaritratA, saMyama, kartavyazIlatA aura vIratva kI vRddhi karanA hai, usake manovala ko puSTa karanA hai tathA use pavitra evaM Adarzonmukha karanA hai / prANI mAtra ko devatva aura mukti kI ora le jAnA hI kAvya kA carama lakSya hai, vinoda to gauNa sAdhana hai| ina kaviyoM ne isa ghora zRgArI yuga meM bhI apane ko tathA apanI abhivyakti ko isase sarvathA vimukha rakhA aura apanI apUrva jitendriyatA aura saccaritratA kA paricaya diyaa| inakA lakSya mAnava kI carama unnati hI rahA / ye pavitra lokoddhAra kI bhAvanA lekara sAhityakSetra meM avatIrNa hue aura isa kArya meM inheM pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| jaina sAdhaka dezakAla evaM tajjanya paristhitiyoM ke prati sadaiva jAgarUka rahe haiM / ve AdhyAtmika paramparA ke anugAmI evaM AtmalakSI saMskRti meM vizvAsa rakhate hue bhI laukika cetanA se vimukha nahIM the| kyoMki inakA AdhyAtmavAda vaiyaktika hote hue bhI janakalyANa kI bhAvanA se anuprANita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sampradAya mUlaka sAhitya ke sarjana ke sAtha sAtha bhI ye kavi apanI racanAoM meM dezakAla se sambandhita aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika pakSoM kA nirUpaNa karate rahe hai jisameM bhArata kI sAMskRtika paramparA aura usakI udAratA, samatA, ekatA evaM samanvayakAritA sadaiva pravala rhii| ina racanAoM meM aupadezika vRtti ke sAtha viSayAntara se paramparAgata vAtoM ke vivaraNa bhI Aye haiM, ataH sampUrNa kAvya piSTapeSaNa mAtra nahIM haiM / yaha sAhitya lokapakSa evaM bhASApakSa kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| isa kavitA meM bhAratIya citanA kI Adarza, saMsthApaka, naitika evaM dhArmika mAnyatAoM ko janabhASA meM samanvita kara rASTra ke AdhyAtmika stara ko puSTa vanAne ke apUrva prayatnoM dvArA dharmamUlaka thAtI kI rakSA huii| saMskRta kI saccI uttarAdhikAriNI evaM rASTravyApI bhASA hindI ko apanAkara bhI ina kaviyoM ne apanI sAMskRtika garimA kA paricaya diyA hai sAtha hI ina kaviyoM ke dvArA bhAratIya sAMskRtika paramparAoM ko vahana karane vAlI hindI bhASA ko sadaiva hI eka rASTrIya rUpa pradAna hotA rahA /

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332 AlocanA-khaMDa upasaMhAra aba taka ke samasta vizleSaNa- vivecana se hama isa niSkarSa taka A cuke hai ki AlocyayugIna jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI kavitA sampradAyavAdI jaina dharmAcAryoM va dharmaguruoM dvArA racita hone para bhI apanI mUla prakRti se vizuddha asampradAyavAdI hI hai ataH upekSaNIya nahIM hai / isakA mahatva do rUpoM meM AMkalita kiyA jA cukA hai-- (1) Alocya kAvya anubhUti kI dRSTi se bhaktikAlIna kAvya ke samakakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai athavA usakI dhArA kA hI eka vistAra mAnA jA sakatA hai, tathA (2) zailI, bhASA va saMgItAtmakatA kI dRSTi se prastuta kAvya kA apanA eka sunizcita sthAna hai jo, yadyapi hindI sAhitya meM aba taka use prApta nahIM huA hai, prApta honA cAhie / ko prakAza meM isa dizA meM kA kSetra paryApta mAtrA meM urvara yadyapi aMcalaparaka isa prakAra ke eka-do zodhaprabandha ukta kArya ke lie tathA samprati bhAratIya vAtAvaraNa meM rASTrIya ekatA, sAmpradAyika sadbhAva va bhArata kI akSuNNa nirvikalpa sAMskRtika bhAva-dhArA ke pUrNa rUpa lAne ke hetu apUrNa hI mAne jAyeMge kintu isa prakAra ke prayatnoM se bar3hane vAloM ko samvala avazya mila sakegA / isa prakAra ke zodhakArya hai kyoM ki anekAneka kRtiyAM abhI taka, saMbhavataH, sUrya ke darzana karane meM asamartha haiM aura par3I par3I kisI kAryazIla jijJAsu zovArthI kI pratIkSA meM ghuTana kA anubhava kara rahI haiM / hama, sAhitya ke vidyArthI, yadi isa prakAra ke ajJAta sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana kisI sAhityetara - sAMskRtika rAjanItika Adi - mAnadaNDoM ke AdhAra para na bhI karanA cAheM to bhI isa prakAra ke sAhitya se vistRta phalaka para hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa ke punarnimANa kI saMbhAvanAoM kA dvAra to udghATita hotA hI hai / ityalam

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pariziSTa pariziSTa : 1 - Alocya yuga ke jaina gurjara hindI kaviyoM kI nAmAvalI pariziSTa : 2 - Alocya yuga ke jaina gUrjara hindI kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM ko nAmAvalI pariziSTa : 3 - saMdarbha graMtha sUcI : (1) hindI graMtha / (2) gujarAtI graMtha / (3) aMgrejI graMtha tathA saMskRta prAkRta natha / pariziSTa : 4 - patra-patrikAeM

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pariSiSTa : 1 Alocya yuga ke jaina gurjara hindI kaviyoM kI nAmAvalI abhayakuzala .. .. .. candrakIti ...: abhayacandra jayavantasUri .. AnaMdaghana jinaudayasUri AnaMdavardhanasUri jinarAjasUri AnaMdavardhana jinaharpa udayarAja dayAzIla udayaratna / dayAsAgara dAmodara muni . aSabhadAsa : devavijaya pabhasAgara . devendrakIti ziSya kanakakIrti dharmavardhana kanaka kuzala bhaTTArka nayasundara kanakasoma nihAlacanda kalyANadeva brahmaajita kalyANasAgarasUri vaha magaNeza kisanadAsa braha ma rAyamala , kuMvara kuzala bhaTTArka vaha majayasAgara kumudacandra bAlacanda kuzala bhadrasena kuzalalAbha bhaTTAraka mahIcandra kezavadAsa bhaTTAraka ratnacandra kezara kuzala bhaTTAraka sakalabhUpaNa khemacandra maTTAraka zubhacandra (dvitIya hai guNavilAsa mahAnandagaNi guNasAgara sAnamuni

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336 AlocanA khaMTa mAladeva megharAja yazovijaya ratnakIrti bhaTTAraka lakSmIvallama lAlacanda lAlavijaya lAvaNyavijaya gaNi vAdicandra vinaya samudra vidyAsAgara vinayacandra vinaya vijaya vIracandra vRddhivijayajI zrIsAra zrImad devacaMdrajI zrInyAya sAgarajI gumacandra bhaTTAraka saMyama sAgara samayasundara sAdhukIti sumati kIti sumati sAgara sobhAgya vijaya haMsaratna haMsarAja hIrAnaMda saMghavI hemakavi hema vijaya hema sAgara jJAnavimalasUri jJAnAnanda

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pariziSTa : 2 jaina gUrjara kaviyoM ke hindI grantha ( pAThya grantha tathA hastalikhita pratiyAM) 1 apTAMhi nakA gIta 25 upadeza bAvanI 2 amRtavelanI nAnI sajjhAya 26 RSidatA caupAI 3 amRta velanI moTI sajjhAya 27 eravata kSetra caubIsI 4 adhyAtma phAga 28 kanaka kIti ke pada 5 avikA kathA 26 karma chattIsI 6 aMjanA sundarI rAsa 30 karma ghaTAvali 7 aMtarina stavana 31 kalyANa maMdira dhrupada 8 AloyaNa chattIsI 32 kalyANa maMdira stotra 9 AdinAtha (pabha) vivAha lo 33 kAlajJAna pravandha 10 ArAdhanA gIta 34 kumudacandra-kI vinatiyA~ tathA pada 11 Adityavrata kathA 35 kuNDaliyA vAnI 12 AdinAtha vinatI 36 kumArapAla -rAsa 13 AdhyAtma vAvanI (hIrAnanda) 37 kezI pradezI pravandha 14 AnaMdaghana cauvIsI 38 kezavadAsa bAvanI 15 AnaMdaghana vahottarI 36 kRtapuNya (kayavannA) rAsa 16 AnaMda aSTapadI 40 -gajasakumAra-rAsa 17 AdityavAra kathA -41 guru chanda 18 Atmahita zikSA 42 guNa bAvanI 16 AdinAtha gIta 43 guNasthAna, baMdha vijJApti stavana 20 udayarAja rA dUhA 44 gurvAvali gIta 21 upadeza chattIsI 45 guNa mAlA caupAI 22 upadeza-battIsIH (lakSmI-vallama) 46 gaur3I pArzvanAtha stavana 23 udayaratna ke-pada, stavana 47 gautama pRcchA caupAI 24 uttamakumAra caritra caupAI 48 gaur3I laghu stavana

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338 mAnonanA 46 goda siMgala 50 caMdramaugi para 50 gyAraha aMga manAya 81 saya gAyanI 51 caturvizati ntuti 52 caturthigati jinagIta (jinarAgamUti) -3 janopara mIna 53 naturvigaMtiyA stavana 84 avamumAra prAcAra (nIbIsI-vinayana) 54 cAra pratyeka buddhagama 85 jAnavara vaini 55. cimasena gamAvanI rArA 86 janmumvAmI yani 56 cittanirodha kanyA 27 jana dilAna 5.7 ciMtAmaNI gIta 88 jagavAjavAyanI 58 cunar3I (sAdhukIni) 81 jinavara tyAnI binnI 56 cunar3I gIta 60 jina AMtarA 60 caubIsI (saubhAgya vijayajI) 6? jinagaja stuni 61 caubIsI (mamayamundara) 12 jinaharpa ke pada, gIna, stavana 62 cauvIsI (dharmavacana) 63 jihAdata vivAda 63 cauvIsI jina sarvayA (pharmavardhana) 14 DholAmAra nopAH 64 caubImI (AnaMda vardhana 2) 65 tatva sAra dohA 65 covIsI (vRddhi vijayajI) 66 dhAvaccA copAI 66 caubIsI (jinahapaM) 67 dAnAdi caur3hAliyA 67 caubIsI (lakSmI vllm)| 68 digpaTa caurAsI bola 68 caubIsiyAM (zrInyAya sAgara) 66 devadattA caupAI 66 caubIsI (Rpama sAgara) 100 devarAja baccharAja caupAI 70 cauvIsI (haMma ratna) 101 dezAMtarI chaMda 7? caubImI (lAvaNya vijayagaNi) 102 devacandrajI ke pada 72 caubIsI jina savaiyA (jinaudaya-sUri) 103 dohAmAtRkA bAvanI 73 cauvIsI (guNa vilAsa) 104 draupadI caupAI 74 caubIsI jina savaiyA 105 dravya prakAza 75 cetana battIsI 106 dharma parIkSA rAsa 76 candAgIta 107 dharma bAvanI 77 caMdanamalyA giri caupAI 108 dharmavardhana ke phuTakara pada 78 caMdrasena caMdra dyota nATakiyA prabandha 106 navakAra chanda 76 caMpaka zreSTi caupAI 110 naladamayaMtI caupAI

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jana gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 336 111 nami rAjapi caupAI 142 praNayagIta 112 nArIgIta 143 prabhAtI (sAdhukIrti) 113 neminAtha chanda 144 pradyumna caritra 114 neminAtha phAgu 145 paMca kalyANa gIta 115 neminAtha vArahamAsA 146 valabhadranu gIta 116 nemivaMdanA 147 vAhuvali veli 117 nemizvara rAsa 148 bAlacanda battIsI 118 neminAtha rAsa 146 bArahamAsA (dharmavardhana) 116 nemirAjulavAra mAsa vela pravandha 150 vAvanagajA gIta 120 nemijina gIta 151 vaMgAla deza kI gajala 121 neminAtha samavazaraNavidhi 152 brahma bAvanI (nihAlacanda) 22 neminAtha dvAdaza mAsa 153 brahma gaNeza ke gIta evaM stavana (lAlavijaya) 123 neminAtha vArahamAsA (jinaharpa) 154 bhajana chattIsI 124 nemirAja mati bArahamAsa savaiyA 155 bharata vAhuvali chanda 125 nemi-rAjula vArahamAsA (lakSmI vallabha) (kumudacandra) 126 nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA (vinayacaMdra) 156 bharata vAhuvali chaMda (vAdicaMdra) 127 naMda bahottarI-virocana mahetA vArtA 157 bharatezvarano rAsa 128 pavanAbhyAsa caupAI 158 bharatacanI sajjhAya 126 padmacaritra 156 bhaktAmara savaiyA 130 pArzvanAtha guNa velI 160 bhaktamara stotra rAgamAlA kAvya 131 pArzvacandra stuti (megharAja) 161 bhaviSyadatta kathA 132 pArzvajina stavana 162 bhAvanA vilAsa 133 pArzvanAtha nIsANI 163 bhoja pravandha 134 pArasati nAmamAlA 164 mahAvIra chanda 135 pAMDavapurANa 165 mahAvIra gautama svAmI chanda 136 puNya chattIsI 166 madana yuddha 137 purandara gara caupAI 167 mahArAo zrI gohaDajInojasa 138 puNyasAra sa 168 mahArAva lakhapati duvAvaita 136 pUjyavAha gItam 166 madana zataka 140 pUjAH rAsa 170 mAdhavAnala kAma kaMdalA 141 prastA' yA chattIsI 171 mAtAno chanda

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340 172 meghakumAra gIta 173 motI kapAsIyA saMbaMdha saMvAda 174 maMgalagIta 175 maMgAvatI caupAI 176 maMgAvatI rAsa 177 ratna kIrtigIta 178 ratnakIrti ke pada 176 rAjula neminAtha dhamAla 180 rAjacandra pravahaNa 181 rAgamAlA 1-2 rAgamAlA ( kuMvara kugala) 192 lavAMkuza chappaya 193 valakala corI rAsa AlocanA-khaDa 194 vastupAla-tejapAla rAma 195 vaNajArA gIta 196 vasaMta vilAsa gIta 197 vAsupUjyanI dhamAla 198 vijaya kIrti chanda 199 vikramacaritra paMcadaMDa kathA 200 vinatI ( kanaka kIrti) 201 vinaya vilAsa 202 viraha mAnavIsI stavana 203 vinayacaMdra ke pada, gIta, stavana 204 vidyAsAgara ke pada 206 vIsI (vIsa virahamAna stavana ) 210 vIsa virahamAna gIta (jinarAjasUri ) 211 vIsI (kezarakuzala ) 212 vIsI (zrI nyAya sAgara ) 213 vaidavidyA (dharmavardhana) 214 vairAgya bAvanI ( lAlacanda ) 215. vaidya virahaNI prabaMdha. 183 rupaMcacanda-kuvaMrarAsa 184 rohiNeya rAsa 185 rohiNI rAsa 216 vyavahAra buddhi dhanadatta caupAI 186 lakhapati yaza siMdhu ( kanaka kuzala ) 217 zatru jaya. stavana (sAdhukIrti ) 187 lakhapati maMjarI nAma mAlA 218 zatruMjaya yAtrA stavana ( kanaka kuzala ) 188 lakhapati maMjarI nAma mAlA ku~vara kuzala 211 zatru jaya rAsa 186 lakhapati jasa siMdhu ( kuMvara kug2ala ) 190 lakhapati piMgala athavA kavi rahasya 191 lakhapati svarga prApti samaya 220 zAlIcandra rAsa 221 zAMtinAtha stavana 222 zAMtinAtha chanda 223 zAMtijina vinatI rUpa stavana 224 zAMva pradyumna caupAI 225 zIlagIta 226 zItakArake savaiyA 227 zubhacandra ke pada 228 zaMkhezvara pArzva stavana 205 viraha mAnavIsI stavana ( samayasuMdara ) 206 vivAha paTala bhASA 207 vIrAMgadA caupAI 208 vIra vilAsa phAga 229 zrIpAla AkhyAna ( vAdicandra ) 230 zrIpAla rAsa 231 zrIpAla stuti ( kanakakIrti) 232 zreNika rAsa 233 zreNI caritra

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jaina gUrjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 234 satyAsa A duSkAla varNana chattIsI 255 saMyoga battIsI 235 samatA zataka 236 samAdhi zataka 237 savaiyA bAvanI (lakSmI vallabha ) 238 sattara bhedI pUjA prakaraNa 236 sAdhuvaMdanA 240 sAdhu samasyA dvAdatta dodhaka 241 sAra bAvanI (zrIsAra) 242 siMhalasuta priya melaka rAsa 243 siddhacakra stavana 244 sImandhara svAmI gIta 245 sImanvara candrAulA 246 sItArAma caupAI 247 sItA AlocaNA ( 18vI) 248 sudarzanagIta 249 sudarzana rAsa 250 sundara zrRMgAra kI rasadIpikA bhASATIkA 251 sukhar3I 252 solaha karaNa rAsa 253 saMbodha sattAra 254 saMtoSa chattIsI 256 saMyama sAgara ke gIta evaM pada 257 saMyama pravahaNa 258 sthUlIbhadra phAga 256 sthUlabhadra chattIsI 260 sthUlIbhadra mohanaveli 261 sthUlIbhadrarAsa 262 sthUlIbhadra vArahamAsA 263 sthUlabhadra gIta 341 264 hanumanta kathA 265 hIra vijaya sUri rAsa 266 hema vijaya ke pada evaM stuti 267 haMsAgIta 268 kSamA chattIsI 266 kSa ullaka kumAra rAsa 270 kSetrapAla gIta 271 jJAnAnanda ke pada 272 jJAnavAvanI ( haMsarAja ) 273 jJAnavimala sUri ke phuTakara pada, stavana Avi 274 jJAnarasa

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pariziSTa : 3 saMdarbha graMtha sUcI (1) hindI grantha 1 adhyAtma padAvalI : pro0 rAmakumAra jaina 2 apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda : DaoN0 vAsudevasiMha 3 aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha : agaracanda, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 4 gujarAta kA jaina dharma : munizrI jinavijayI 5 gujarAta kI hindI sevA : DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara ( aprakAzita ) 6 gujarAta ke hindI gaurava graMtha : DaoN0 ambAzaMkara nAgara 7 ghana Ananda aura Ananda ghana : paM0 vizvanAtha prasAda 8 jinarAja sari kRta kusumAMjali : zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 6 jinaharpa graMthAvalI : agaracanda nAhaTA / 10 jaina kaviyoM kA itihAsa : mUlacanda vatsala 11 jaina graMtha saMgraha : candrasena vAbU 12 jaina tatvajJAna, jainadharma aura nItivAda : DaoN0 rAjavali pANDeya 13 jaina dArzanika sAhitya kA siMhAvalokana : paM0 dalamukhabhAI mAlavaNIyA 14 jaina darzana : jaina zvetAmbara konphreMsa 15 jaina dharma kA prANa : zrI sukhalAlajI saMdhavI 16 jaina dharma mImAMsA : daravArIlAla satyapAla 17 jaina dharma kA svarUpa : karpUra vijayajI 18 jaina saMskRti kA udaya : zrI sukhalAlajI saMdhavI 16 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : paM0 nAthUrAma premI 20 dharmavarNana graMthAvalI : agaracanda nAhaTA 21 premI abhinandana graMtha 22 velikrisana rukamaNIrI ( bhUmikA ) : DaoN0 Ananda prakAza dIkSita 23 maTTAraka sampradAya : jIvarAja graMthamAlA, zolApura 24 bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa : DaoN0 vizvezvara prasAda 25 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina

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344 AlocanA-khaDa 26 bhAratIya sAhitya kI sAMskRtika rekhAeM : parazurAma caturvedI 27 madhyakAlIna dharma-sAdhanA : DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI 28 madhyayuga kA saMkSipta itihAsa : DaoN0 IzvarI prasAda 26 mizravandhu vinoda : mizrabandhu 30 yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri : agaracanda maMvaralAla nAhaTA 31 rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa : jagadIzasiMha gahalota 32 rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta----vyaktitva aura kRtitva : DaoN0 kastUracanda kAmalIvAla 33 rAjasthAnI bhApA aura sAhitya : narottamadAma svAmI 34 rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya : DaoN. motIlAla menAriNa 35 rAjasthAnI sAhitya pragati aura paramparA : DaoN0 maranAmasiMha 36 rAsA aura rAsAnvayo kAvya : dazaratha ojhA 37 vinayacandra-kRti kusumAMjali : bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 38 zrImad rAjendrasUri smAraka graMtha : jaina zvetAmbara zrIsaMgha bAgarA 36 samayasundara-kRti kusumAMjali : agaracanda nAhaTA 40 samayamundara rAsa paMcaka : bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 41 samayasundara rAsa-traya : bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 42 sItArAma copAI : agaracanda-bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 43 seTha kanhaiyAlAla poddAra abhinanda graMtha : vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 44 hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga : nAmavarasiMha 45 hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa : nAthUrAma premI 46 hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa : kAmatAprasAda jaina 47 hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana bhAga, 1, 2 : nemicandra zAstrI 48 hindI pada saMgraha : saM0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 46 hindI sAhitya kA vRhat itihAsa (prathama bhAga) : saMpAdaka rAjavalI pAMDeya 50 hindI sAhitya (dvitIya khaNDa) : dhIrendra varmA 51 hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla : DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI 52 hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa : DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA 53 hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa : rAmacandra zukla 54 hindI sAhitya koza ( bhAga 1, 2.) : jJAnamaMDala limiTeDa, banArasa sUcIpatra evaM anya vivaraNa : 00 agaracanda nAhaTA lekha-sUcI : saM0 narottamadAsa svAmI / 00 abhaya jaina granyAlaya, bIkAnera ke hastalikhita granthoM kA sUcIpatra (aprkaashit)|

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jaina gurjara kaviyoM kI hindI kavitA 00 oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa, bar3audA ke hastalikhita graMthoM kA sUcIpatra 1 00 prazasti saMgraha : saM0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla / 00 bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira ahamadAbAda ke hastalikhita granthoM kA sUcIpatra ( aprakAzita ) / 00 rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI graMtha sUcI, bhAga 3 : saM0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla / 345 00 rAjasthAna ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja : muni kAMti sAgara (aprakAzita ) i 00 rAjasthAna ke hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAma 1 : saM0 motIlAla menAriyA | 00 rAjasthAna ke hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAga 3 : saM0 udayasiMha bhaTanAgara / 00 rAjasthAna ke prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura ke hastalikhita granthoM kA sUcIpatra | 00 sarasvatI bhavana, udayapura ke hastalikhita granthoM kA sUcIpatra | 00 sAhitya saMsthAna, udayapura ke hastalikhita granthoM kA sUcIpatra ( aprakAzita) / gujarAtI grantha : 1 AcArya AnandazaMkara dhruvasmAraka grantha : zrI sArAbhAI maNilAla navAca // 2 Ananda kAvya mahodadhi - bhAga 1-6 : saMpAdaka jIvacanda mo0 jhaverI / 3 Anandaghana covIsI : prabhudAsa vecaradAsa pArekha / 4 Anandaghana tathA cidAnanda jI : zrI bhImazI mANeka / 11 gujarAtI bhApAnI utkrAMti : paM0 vecaradAsa / 12 gujarAtI bhASAnuM vRhat vyAkaraNa: kamalA zaMkara prA0 trivedI / 13 gujarAtI sAhitya : anantarAya rAvala / 14 gujarAtI sAhityanA mArgasUcaka staMbho : zrI kRSNalAla mo0 jhaverI / 15 gujarAtI sAhityanA svarUpo : DaoN0 maMjulAla majumadAra / 16 gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana : zrI ke0 kA0 zAstrI | C 5 Anandaghana pada saMgraha : buddhi sAgara jI / 6 Anandaghana pada ratnAvalI bhAga 1 : motIcanda giragharalAla kApar3iyA 7 itihAsanI keDI : bhogIlAla sAMDesarA / 8 kavi carita : zrI ke0 kA0 zAstrI / 6 grantha ane granthakAra bhAga 1 - 6 : gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAiTI, ahamadAbAda / 10 gujarAtI oo hindI sAhityamA Apelo phAlo : zrI DAhyAbhAI pI0 derAsarI /

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346 * AlocanA-khaMDa 17 gujarAtI sAhityanu rekhAdarzana : pro0 manasukhalAla jhaverI tathA ramaNalAla zAha / 18 gUrjara sAhitya saMgraha bhAga 1-2 : yazovijaya jI / 16 jagata ane jaina darzana : vijayendra sUri / 20 jaina gUrjara kavio : bhAga 1-3 : mohanalAla da0 desaaii| 21 jaina aitihAsika gUrjara kAvya saMgraha : jinvijyjii| 22 jaina itihAsa sAhitya aGka : mANekalAla ambAlAla / 23 jaina kAvya saMgraha : nAthAlAla lallUbhAI / 24 jaina granthAvalI : jaina zvetAmbara kronnsa / 25 jaina kAvya dohana bhAga 1 : sampAdaka : manasukhalAla khatrIbhAI mhetaa| 26 jaina dharma-eka AlocanA : zrI subhdraadevii| 27 jaina-darzana : nyAya vijayajI / 28 jaina gUrjara sAhitya ratno bhAga 1 : bhAIcanda nagIna bhAI jhaverI, sUrata / 26 jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa : mohanalAla da0 desAI / 30 darzana ane ciMtana : paMDita sukhalAla jii| 31 prAcIna kAvyamAlA-36 bhAga : saMpAdaka : icchArAma sU0 desAI / 32 prAcIna gujarAtI kavio ane temanI kRtiyo : ramaNIkalAla sampatalAla / 33 prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha : jinvijyjii| 34 prAcIna phAgu saMgraha : saMpAdaka : DaoN0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA / 35 prAcIna stavana saMgraha-bhAga 1, 2 : jJAna vimalasUri / 36 bhAratIya jaina Adarza : indravadana jain| . 37 bhajana saMgraha dharmAmRta : paM. vecaradAsa dosii| 38 madhyakAlIna gujarAtanI sAmAjika sthiti : rAmalAla cunnIlAla modii| 36 madhyakAlano sAhitya pravAha : ka0 mA0 munzI / 40 yagovijayajI granthamAlA bhAga 1, 2 : mANikyasari / 41 yazovijayajI cauvIsI : durgAprasAda shaastrii| 42 zrIpAla rAjAno rAsa : jJAnadIpaka chApAkhAnA, vambaI / 43 zrImad rAjezvara sUri smAraka graMtha : sArAbhAI navAva / 44 zrImad devacandra bhAga 1, 2 : buddhisAgara jii| 45 sattaramA gatakanA pUrvArddhanAM jaina gujarAtI kavio ( aprakAzita ) : vI0 je0 ___cauksii| 46 sUrIzvara ane samrATa : vidyA vijyjii|

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saMskRta-prAkRta grantha (1) aSTa pAhur3a / (2) AcArAMga sUtra / (3) uttara rAmacarita / (4) Rgveda / (5) kuvalaya maalaa| (6) tattvArtha suutr| (7) tattvArtha vArtika / () daza vaikalpika sUtra / (6) daza bhakti / (10) dhvanyA loka / (11) nArada bhakti sUtra / (12) paramAtma prakAza / (13) pANinI sUtra / (14) prAkRta vyAkaraNa / (15) brahmANDa purANa / (16) bhagavatI sUtra / (17) manu smRti| (18) majjhima nikAya / (16) zAMDilya bhakti sUtra / (20) zrImad bhagavad gItA / (21) zrImad bhAgavata / (22) zru tAvatAra / (23) skanda purANa / (24) samAdhi tNtr| (25) samIcIna dharmazAstra / (26) sAhitya drpnn| (27) siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana (28) sUtra kRtaaNg|

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pariSiSTa :4 patra-patrikAe~ 00 anekAnta / 00 klyaann| 00 jinavANI (jypur)| 00 jainadharma prakAza (bhAvanagara)-gujarAtI / 00 jaina yuga (bmbii)-gujraatii| . 00 jaina satyaprakAza (ahmdaavaad)-gujraatii| 00 jaina siddhAnta bhAskara / 00 nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA (kaagii)| 00 paramparA (jodhpur)| 00 bhAratIya sAhitya / 00 bhAratIya vidyaa| 00 maru bhAratI (pilaanii)| 00 rAjasthAna bhAratI (biikaaner)| 00 rAjasthAnI (klkttaa)| 00 viirvaannii| 00 zodha-patrikA (udypur)| 00 sammelana ptrikaa| 00 hindI anuzIlana (ilaahaabaad)| 00 jAnodaya /

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aMgrejI-graMtha 1. Classical poets of Gujarat Govardhan Ram Tripathi. : 2. Early History of India: Visent Smith. 3. Further Milestone in Gujarati Literature: K. M. Javeri. 4. Gujarat and its Literature: K. M. Munshi. 5. Gujarati Language aud Literature: N. B. Divetia, (Philological lectures Part I and II ) 6. Historical facts about Jainism Maganlal M. Shah. 7. History of India Francis Pelsent. : 8. Indian Antiquery-1914, 15, 16 (Notes on old Rajasthani) 9. Indian Literature: Frazer. 10. Jain Philosophy: Karbhari Bhagubhai. 11. Linguistic Survey of India: Vol. IX Part 1 to 11 By Sir George Grierson (1916). 12. Milestone in Gujarati Literature: K. M. Javeri. 13. Mugal Rule in India: S. M. Edwards. 14. Notes on the grammar of old Western Rajasthani Dr. L. C. Tessitori. 15. Obscure religious acts: S. B. Das Gupta. 16. The present States of Gujarati Literature: K. M. Iaveri.

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