Prakrit Sahitya Ka Itihas

Author(s): Jagdishchandra Jain
Publisher: Chaukhamba Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010730/1

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shriiH|| vidyAbhavana rASTrabhASA granthamAlA 42 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (IsavI san ke pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdI se IsavI san kI aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka) DaoNkTara jagadIzacandra jaina, ema. e., pI-eca. DI. (bhUtapUrva prophesara, prAkRta jaina vidyApITha, mujaphpharapura-bihAra ) adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga, rAmanArAyaNa ruiyA kaoNleja, baMbaI caukhambA vidyAbhavana. vArANasI

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prakAzaka : caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI mudraka : vidyAvilAsa presa, vArANasI saMskaraNa : prathama, vi0 saMvat 2018 mUlya : 20-00 (c) The Chowkhamba Vidya Bhawan Chowk, Varana.si. ( INDIA ) 1961 Phone: 3076

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THE VIDYABHAWAN RAS'TRABHASHA GRANTHAMALA HISTORY OF PRAKRIT LITERATURE (From 500 B. G. To 1800 A. D.) By DR. JAGADISH CHANDRA JAIN, M. A. Ph. D. (Sometime Professor at Vaishali Institute of Post graduate studies in Prakrit, Gainology and Abimsa, Muzaffarpur-Bihar ) HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HINDI RAMNARAIN RUIA COLLEGE BOMBAY THE CHOWKHAMBA VIDYA BHAWAN VARANASI-1 1961 ] [Rs. 20-00

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- THE CHOWKHAMBA VIDYABHAWAN POST BOX NO. 69, VARANASI-1 INDIA. 1961

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muni jinavijaya jI muni puNyavijaya jI sAdara samarpita

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bhUmikA bhArata ke aneka vizvavidyAlayoM meM prAkRta kA paThana-pAThana ho rahA hai lekina usakA jaisA cAhiye vaisA AlocanAtmaka kramabaddha adhyayana abhI taka nahIM huaa| kucha samaya pUrva harmana jaikobI, vebara, pizala aura zUbiMga Adi vidvAnoM ne jaina AgamoM kA adhyayana kiyA thA, lekina isa sAhitya meM prAyaH jainadharma saMbaMdhI viSayoM kI carcA hI adhika thI isaliye 'zuSka aura nIrasa samajha kara isakI upekSA hI kara dI gii| jarmana vidvAn pizala ne prAkRta sAhitya kI aneka pAMDulipiyoM kA adhyayana kara prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa nAmaka khojapUrNa graMtha likhakara isa kSetra meM sarAhanIya prayatna kiyA / idhara muni jinavijaya jI ke saMpAdakatva meM siMghI sIrIz2a meM prAkRta sAhitya ke aneka abhinava graMtha prakAzita hue| mArata ke aneka suyogyaM vidvAn isa dizA meM zlAghanIya prayatna kara rahe haiM jisake phalasvarUpa aneka sAMskRtika aura aitihAsika mahatvapUrNa upayogI graMtha prakAza meM Aye haiN| lekina jaisA Thosa kArya saMskRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM huA hai vaisA prAkRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM abhI taka nahIM huaa| isa dRSTi se prAkRta sAhitya ke itihAsa ko kramabaddha prastuta karane kA yaha sarvaprathama prayAsa hai| kalikAla sarvajJa ke nAma se prakhyAta AcArya hemacandra ke matAnuyAyI vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki prAkRta saMskRta kA hI apabhraSTa rUpa hai| lekina rudraTa ke kAvyAlaMkAra (2.12) ke TIkAkAra namisAdhu ne isa saMbaMdha meM spaSTa likhA hai-"vyAkaraNa Adi ke saMskAra se vihIna samasta jagat ke prANiyoM ke svAbhAvika vacana vyApAra ko prakRti kahate haiN| isI se prAkRta banA hai| bAlaka, mahi. lAoM Adi kI yaha bhASA saralatA se samajha meM A sakatI hai aura samasta bhASAoM kI yaha mUlabhUta hai / jaba ki meghadhArA ke samAna ekarUpa aura dezavizeSa yA saMskAra ke kAraNa jisane vizeSatA prApta

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( 2 ) kI hai aura jisake sat saMskRta Adi uttara vibheda haiM use saMskRta samajhanA cAhiye / " prAcArya pANini ne vAGmaya kI bhASA ko chandas 'aura lokabhASA ko bhASA kahA hai, isase bhI prAkRta kI prAcInatA aura lokapriyatA siddha hotI hai| vaidika kAla se janasAmAnya dvArA bolI jAtI huI inhIM prAkRta bhASAoM meM buddha aura mahAvIra ne sAdhAraNa janatA ke hitArtha apanA pravacana sunAyA thaa| buddha aura mahAvIra ke pUrva janasAmAnya kI bhASA kA kyA svarUpa thA, yaha jAnane ke hamAre pAsa paryApta sAdhana nahIM haiN| lekina inake guga se lekara IsavI san kI 18 vIM zatAbdI taka prAkRta sAhitya ke vividha kSetroM meM jo dhArmika AkhyAna, carita, stuti, stotra, lokakathA, kAvya, nATaka, saTTaka, prahasana, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, koSa, tathA arthazAstra, saMgItazAstra, sAmudrikazAstra Adi zAstrIya sAhitya kI racanA huI vaha bhAratIya itihAsa aura sAhitya kI dRSTi se atyanta upayogI hai| saMskRta suzikSitoM kI bhASA thI jaba ki janasAmAnya kI bhASA hone se prAkRta ko bAla, vRddha, striyA~ aura anapar3ha sabhI samajha sakate the| IsavI san ke pUrva pUvIM zatAbdI se lekara IsavI san kI 5vIM zatAbdI taka jaina Agama-sAhitya kA saMkalana aura saMzodhana hotA rhaa| tatpazcAt IsavI san kI dUsarI zatAbdI se 16vIM zatAbdI taka isa sAhitya para niyukti, bhASya, cUgI aura TIkAyeM likhakara ise samRddha banAyA gyaa| aneka laukika aura dhArmika kathAoM Adi kA isa vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM samAveza huaa| IsavI san kI cauthI zatAbdI se 17vIM zatAbdI taka kathAsAhitya saMbaMdhI aneka mahattvapUrNa graMthoM kI racanA huii| 11vI 12vIM zatAbdI kA kAla to vizeSa rUpa se isa sAhitya kI unnati kA kAla rahA / isa samaya gujarAta meM cAlukya, mAlavA meM paramAra tathA rAjasthAna meM guhilota aura cAhamAna rAjAoM kA rAjya thA aura ina rAjAoM kA jainadharma ke prati vizeSa anurAga thA / phala yaha huA ki gujarAta meM aNahilapura pATaNa, khaMbhAta, aura bhaDauMca, rAjasthAna

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meM bhinnamAla, jAbAlipura aura cittaur3a tathA mAlavA meM ujjaina, gvAliyara aura dhArA Adi nagara jaina zramaNoM kI pravRttiyoM ke kendra bana gye| __ IsavI san kI pahalI zatAbdI se lekara 18vIM zatAbdI taka prema aura zRMgAra se pUrNa prAkRta kAvya kI racanA huii| yaha sAhitya prAyaH ajaina vidvAnoM dvArA likhA gayA / muktaka kAvya prAkRta sAhitya kI vizeSatA rahI hai, aura saMskRta kAvyazAstra ke paMDita Anandavardhana Adi vidvAnoM ne to muktakoM kI racanA kA prathama zreya saMskRta ko na dekara prAkRta ko hI diyA hai| prema aura zRMgArapradhAna yaha sarasa racanA hAla kI gAthAsaptazatI se prAraMbha hotI hai| Age calakara jaba dakSiNa bhArata sAhityika pravRttiyoM kA kendra banA to keraladezavAsI zrIkaMTha aura rAmapANivAda Adi manISiyoM ne apanI racanAoM se prAkRta sAhitya ke bhaMDAra ko saMpanna kiyaa| IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI se 18vIM zatAbdI taka saMskRtanATakoM kI racanA kA kAla rahA hai| isa sAhitya meM ucca varga ke puruSa, rAjA kI paTarAniyA~, maMtriyoM kI kanyAyeM Adi pAtra saMskRta meM, tathA striyA~, vidUSaka, dhUrta, viTa aura naukara-cAkara Adi pAtra prAkRta meM saMbhASaNa karate haiN| karpUramaJjarI Adi saTTaka-sAhitya meM to kevala prAkRta kA hI prayoga kiyA gyaa| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki darzakoM ke manoraMjana ke liye nRtya ke abhinaya meM prAkRta kA yatheSTa upayoga hotA rhaa| saMskRta kI dekhAdekhI prAkRta meM bhI vyAkaraNa, chanda aura koSoM kI racanA hone lgii| IsavI san kI chaThI zatAbdI se 18vIM zatAbdI taka isa sAhitya kA nirmANa huaaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki vararuci se pahale bhI prAkRta vyAkaraNa likhe gaye; lekina Ajakala ve upalabdha nahIM haiM / Anandavardhana, dhanaMjaya, bhojarAja, ruyyaka, mammaTa, hemacandra, vizvanAtha Adi kAvyazAstra ke diggaja. paMDitoM ne prAkRta bhASAoM kI carcA karane ke sAtha-sAtha, apane graMthoM meM pratipAdita rasa aura alaMkAra Adi ko spaSTa karane ke liye, prAkRta kAvyagraMthoM

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meM se cuna cunakara aneka sarasa udAharaNa prastuta kiye| isase prAkRta kAvya-sAhitya kI utkRSTatA kA sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina sarasa racanAoM meM pAralaukika ciMtAoM se mukta ihalaukika jIvana kI sarala aura yathArthavAdI anubhUtiyoM kA sarasa citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta arthazAstra, rAjanIti, kAmazAstra, nimittazAstra, aMgavidyA, jyotiSa, ratnaparIkSA, saMgItazAstra Adi para bhI prAkRta meM mahattvapUrNa graMtha likhe gaye / inameM se adhikAMza lupta ho gaye haiM / isa prakAra lagabhaga 2500 varSa ke itihAsa kA lekhA-jokhA , yahA~ prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa dIrghakAla meM prAkRta bhASA ko aneka avasthAoM se gujaranA par3A / prAkRta ke paizAcI, mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI Adi rUpa sAmane Aye / jaise prAkRta saMskRta kI zailI Adi se prabhAvita huI vaise hI prAkRta bhI saMskRta ko barAbara prabhAvita karatI rhii| kAlAMtara meM prAkRta bhASA ne apabhraMza kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura apabhraMza bhASAyeM vraja, avadhI, magahI, bhojapurI, maithilI, rAjasthAnI, paMjAbI Adi boliyoM ke udbhava meM kAraNa huii| isa dRSTi se prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAratIya bhASAoM aura sAhitya ke adhyayana meM vizeSa upayogI siddha hogaa| san 1945 meM jaba maiMne 'jaina AgamoM meM prAcIna bhArata kA citraNa' nAmaka mahAnibaMdha ( thIsisa ) likhakara samApta kiyA tabhI se merI icchA thI ki prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa likhA jAye / samaya bItatA gayA aura maiM idhara-udhara kI pravRttiyoM meM juTA rahA / idhara san 1956 se hI prAkRta jaina vidyApITha mujaphpharapura [bihAra ] meM merI niyukti kI bAta cala rahI thii| lagabhaga do varSa bAda bihAra sarakAra ne apanI bhUla kA saMzodhana kara aMtataH aktUbara, 1958 meM prAkRta jaina vidyApITha meM merI niyukti kara udAratA kA paricaya diyaa| yahA~ ke zAMta vAtAvaraNa meM kArya karane kA yatheSTa samaya milA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI kI isa pavitra bhUmi kA AkarSaNa bhI

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kucha kama preraNAdAyaka siddha nahIM huaa| jaina zramaNoM ko isa kSetra meM apane siddhAMtoM kA pracAra karane ke liye aneka kaSToM kA sAmanA karanA par3A thA / sacamuca bihAra rAjya kI sarakAra kA maiM atIva kRtajJa hU~ jisane yaha suavasara mujhe pradAna kiyaa| __pUnA kI zikSaNa prasAraka maNDalI dvArA saMcAlita rAmanArAyaNa ruiyA kAleja, baMbaI ke adhikAriyoM kA bhI maiM atyaMta AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne avakAza pradAnakara mujhe prAkRta jaina vidyApITha meM kArya karane kI anumati dii| prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jaisI pustaka likhane ke liye eka acche pustakAlaya kI kamI bahuta akharatI hai| pustakeM prApta karane ke liye ahamadAbAda Adi sthAnoM meM daur3anA pdd'aa| Agama-sAhitya ke suprasiddha vettA muni puNyavijaya jI mahArAja kI lAibrerI kA paryApta lAbha mujhe milaa| jaina Agama aura jaina kathA saMbaMdhI Adi aneka viSayoM para carcA karake unhoMne lAbhAnvita kiyaa| durbhAgya se jaina Agama tathA adhikAMza prAkRta sAhitya ke jaise AlocanAtmaka saMskaraNa hone cAhiye vaise abhItaka prakAzita nahIM hue, isase pATha zuddhi Adi kI dRSTi se bar3I kaThinAI kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| isa pustaka ke kathA, carita, aura kAvyabhAga ko prAkRta ke prakANDa paMDita muni jinavijaya jI ko sunAne kA suavasara milaa| unake sujhAvoM kA maiMne lAbha utthaayaa| siMghI jaina graMthamAlA se prakAzita honevAle prAkRta ke bahuta se graMthoM kI mudrita pratiyAM bhI unake sauhArda se prApta huI / sAhitya akAdamI dvArA puraskRta darzanazAstra ke advitIya vidvAn paMDita sukhalAla jI ko bhI isa pustaka ke kucha adhyAya bheja diye the| unhoMne apanA amUlya samaya dekara unheM sunA aura bahumUlya sujhAva diye / prAkRta jaina vidyApITha ke DAirekTara DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina kA mujha para vizeSa sneha rahA hai| vidyApITha meM unakA sahayogI bana kara kArya karane kA saubhAgya mujhe milA, unhoMne mujhe sadA protsAhita hI kiyaa|

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- saMskRta vidyA ke kendra vArANasI meM pustaka chapane aura usake prUpha dekhe jAne ke kAraNa kitane hI sthAnoM para prAkRta ke zabdoM meM anusvAra ke sthAna para varga kA saMyukta paMcamAkSara chapa gayA hai, isake lie kSamAprArthI huuN| prAkRta vidyApITha ke mere pI-eca0 DI0 ke chAtra yogendranArAyaNa zarmA, aura ema0 e0 ke chAtra rAjanArAyaNa rAya ne alaMkAra-granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI banAne meM sahAyatA kii| candrazekhara siMha ne bar3I tatparatA ke sAtha isa pustaka kI pAMDulipi ko TaMkita kiyA / prophesara AdyAprasAda siMha aura DaoNkTara deveza ThAkura ne anukramaNikA taiyAra karane meM sahAyatA kii| caukhambA saMsthAna ke vyavasthApaka bandhudvaya-mohanadAsa evaM viTThaladAsa gupta-ne bar3e utsAhapUrvaka isa pustaka kA prakAzana kiyaa| ina saba hitaiSI mitroM ko kina zabdoM meM dhanyavAda dU~ ? prAkRta jaina vidyApITha mujaphpharapura gAMdhI jayantI 1956 jagadIzacandra jaina

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viSaya-sUcI . 44 - ur yApI 6 pahalA adhyAya gamoM kA kAla bhASAoM kA vargIkaraNa 3-32 dvAdazAMga 44-104 bhAratIya AryabhASAyeM 4-10 AyAraMga sUyagaDaMga madhyayugIna bhAratIya AryabhASAyeM 4 ThANAMga prAkRta aura saMskRta - 5 samavAyAMga prAkRta aura apabhraMza prAkRta bhASAyeM 10-12 viyAhapaNNatti nAyAdhammakahAo prAkRta aura mahArASTrI uvAsagadasAo prAkRta bhASAoM ke prakAra 14-32 antagaDadasAo pAli aura azoka kI dharmalipiyAM 14 aNuttarovavAiyadasAo bhAratetara prAkRta paNhavAgaraNAI ardhamAgadhI vivAgasuya zaurasenI diThivAya mahArASTrI dvAdaza upAMga 104-22 paizAcI uvavAiya 104 mAgadhI rAyapaseNaiya 107 jIvAMjIvAbhigama dUsarA adhyAya pannavaNA jaina Agama-sAhitya (IsavI san sariyapannatti 114 ke pUrva 5vIM zatAbdI se | jambuddIvapannatti 115 IsavI san kI 5vIM zatAbdI | candapannatti 117 taka) 33-162 nirayAvaliyA athavA kppiyaa| 118 jaina Agama kappavaDaMsiyA tIna vAcanAyeM puphiyA 121 AgamoM kI bhASA pupphacUlA 122 AgoM kA mahattva | vaNhidasA 122 . 121

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123 173 dasa prakIrNaka causaraNa pAurapaJcakkhAMNa mahApaccakkhANa bhattapariNaya tandulaveyAliya saMthAraga gacchAyAra gaNivijjA devidathaya maraNasamAhI tityogAliyapayannu . ajIvakalpa siddhapAhuDa ArAdhanApatAkA dvIpasAgaraprajJapti joisakaraMDaga aMgavijjA piMDavisohi tithiprakIrNaka sArAvali pajjaMtArAhaNA jIvavibhakti kavacaprakaraNa 123-126 | paMcakappa 161 jIyakappasutta 124 / mUlasUtra 163-18 " uttarajmayaNa 163 zrAvassaya 172 125 dasaveyAliya 127 piMDanijjutti 180 ohanijjutti 182 pakkhiyasutta 186 khAmaNAsutta vaMdittusutta 187 isibhAsiya 130 nandI aura anuyogadAra 188-162 nandI 188 anuyogadvAra 190 131 tIsarA adhyAya , AgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya (IsavIsana kI dUsarI zatAbdI se IsavI san kI 16vIM zatAbdI taka) 163-268 nijjutti-bhAsa-cuNNi-TIkA 193-199 niyukti-sAhitya 166-210 AcArAMganiyukti 199 sUtrakRtAMganiyukti 201 sUryaprajJaptiniyukti 202 133-162 bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha134 niyukti .146 dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti 149 uttarAdhyayananiyukti 154 Avazyakaniyukti 204 157 / dazavaikAlikaniyukti joNipAhuDa . aMgacUliyA Adi chedasUtra .203 nisIha mahAnisIha . vavahAra dasasuyakkhaMdha kappa athavA bRhatkalpa

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278 289 0 saMsaktaniryakti govindaniyukti aArAdhanAniyukti bhASya-sAhitya nizIthabhASya vyavahArabhASya bRhatkalpabhASya jItakalpabhASya uttarAdhyayanabhASya AvazyakabhASya dazavaikAlikabhASya piMDaniyuktibhASya oghaniyuktibhASya cUrNI sAhitya AcArAMgacUrNI sUtrakRtAMgacUrNI vyAkhyAprajJapticUrNI jambudvIpaprajJapticUrNI nizIthavizeSacUrNI dazAzrutaskaMdhacUrNI uttarAdhyayanacUrNI AvazyakacUrNI dazavaikAlikacUrNI nandIcUrNI anuyogadvAracUrNI TIkA-sAhitya AvazyakaTIkA dazavaikAlikaTIkA sthAnAMgaTIkA sUtrakRtAMgaTIkA gacchAcAraTIkA .. 209 / . cauthA adhyAya digambara sampradAya ke prAcIna zAstra 210 . . (IsavI san kI prathama 211-233 - zatAbdI se 16vIM zatAbdI 211 taka) 266-327 217 digaMbara-zvetAMbara sampradAya 269 / SaTkhaMDAgama kA mahattva 274 SaTakhaMDAgama kI TIkAe~ 275 SaTkhaMDAgama ke chaH khaNDa 276 kasAyapAhuDa 277 SaTakhaMDAgama kA paricaya 231 mahAbaMdha 232 kasAyapAhuDa 234-260 tiloyapaNNatti 293 234 lokavibhAga 237 paMcAstikAya-pravacanasAra-samayasAra 297 niyamasAra 300 rayaNasAra aSTapAhuDa bArasaaNuvekkhA 3.2 dasabhatti bhagavatIbhArAdhanA mUlAcAra kattigeyANuvekkhA 260 gommaTasAra 261-268 trilokasAra 314 261 labdhisAra dravyasaMgraha jaMbuddIvapaNNattisaMgaha dhammarasAyaNa | nayacakra " 301 m m mm 267 315 316

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333-335 333 334 zrutaskaMdha 335 335-368 335 " my 337 338 ArAdhanAsAra 317 | yuktiprabodhanATaka tattvasAra 318 (ga) siddhAnta dazenasAra 319 jIvasamAsa bhAvasaMgraha 321 vizeSaNavatI bRhatnayacakra viMzativizikA jJAnasAra sArdhazataka vasunandizrAvakAcAra bhASArahasyaprakaraNa -nijAtmASTaka (gha) karmasiddhAnta chedapiNDa kammapayaDi. bhAvatribhaMgI sayaga AsravatribhaMgI paMcasaMgaha siddhAntasAra prAcIna karmagrantha aMgapaNNatti navya karmagrantha kallANAloyaNA 326 yogaviMzikA DhADhasIgAthA kAcAra chedazAstra sAvayapaNNatti pAMcavAM adhyAya sAvayadhammavihi AgamottarakAlIna jainadharma sambandhI samyaktvasaptati sAhitya (IsavI san kI zvIM jIvAnuzAsana zatAbdI se 10vIM zatAbdI dvAdazakulaka taka) 328-355 | pacakkhANasaruva (ka) sAmAnyagrantha 328-330 | ceiyavaMdaNa-bhAsa vizeSAvazyakabhASya | dhammarayaNapagaraNa pravacanasAroddhAra | dhammavihipayaraNa vicArasAraprakaraNa paryuSaNAdazazataka (kha)darzana-khaMDana-maMDana 331-333 IyApathikISaTtriMzikA sammaipayaraNa 331 devavaMdanAdibhASyatraya dhammasaMgahaNI 332 | saMbodhasaptatikA pravacanaparIkSA dhammaparikkhA utsUtra-khaNDana 333 | pauSadhaprakaraNa 336-344

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364 366 367 maMtrazAstra my vairAgyazataka 343 | Agama sAhitya meM kathAyeM 355 vairAgyarasAyanaprakaraNa 344 AgamoM kI vyAkhyAoM meM kathAeM 358 vyavahArazuddhiprakAza kathAoM ke rUpa 360 paripATIcaturdazakam jaina lekhakoM kA nUtana dRSTikoNa 363 (ca) prakaraNa-grantha 345-346 premAkhyAna jIvavicAraprakaraNa vividha varNana navatattvagAthAprakaraNa sAmAnya jIvana kA citraNa daNDakaprakaraNa 368 laghusaMghayaNI jaina mAnyatAeM. 370 bRhatsaMgrahaNI kathA-granthoM kI bhASA 372 bRhatkSetrasamAsa prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA navyabRhatkSetrasamAsa utkarSakAla 373 laghukSetrasamAsa saMskRta meM kathA-sAhitya 374 zrIcandrIyasaMgrahaNI apabhraMzakAla 375 samayasAraprakaraNa taraMgavaikahA 376 SoDazakaprakaraNa taraMgalolA 377 paMcAzakaprakaraNa vasudevahiNDI navapadaprakaraNa samarAicakahA . 394 saptatizatasthAnaprakaraNa dhuttakkhANa -412 anya prakaraNa-grantha kuvalayamAlA 416 (cha) sAmAcArI mUlazuddhiprakaraNa (ja) vidhividhAna 351-352 kathAkoSaprakaraNa vidhimArgaprapA 351 nirvANalIlAvatIkathA (jha) tIrthasambandhI 353-355 NANapaMcamIkahA vividhatIrthakalpa 353 zrAkhyAnamaNikoza 444 (ba) paTTAvaliyAM 355 kahArayaNakosa 448 (Ta) prabandha kAlikAyariyakahANaya chaThA adhyAya nammayAsundarIkahA prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ( IsavI san | kumAravAlapaDiboha 463 kI cauthI zatAbdI se 17vIM pAiakahAsaMgaha 472 zatAbdI taka) 356-524 malayasuMdarIkahA kathAoM kA mahatva 356 / jinadattAkhyAna 2 prA0 bhU0 350 s p 6 455 459 476

Page #18
490 492 , gAhAsattasaI 579 514' FF K .. 2 sirivAlakahA 479 / kummAputtacariya rayaNaseharIkahA 482 | anya carita-grantha 568-570 mahivAlakahA 487 | stuti-stotra-sAhitya 570-572 aupadezika kathA-sAhitya 460-524 AThavAM adhyAya uvaesamAlA prAkRta kAvya-sAhitya (IsavI san uvaesapada - kI pahalI zatAbdI se 18vIM dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa zatAbdI taka) 573-610 sIlovaesamAlA 505 573 bhuvanasundarI vajjAlagga bhavabhAvanA gAthAsahasrI 584 upadezamAlAprakaraNa setubandha 585 saMvegaraMgasAlA kAmadattA 589 vivekamaJjarI 521 gauDavaho upadezakaMdali mahumahavitra uvaesarayaNAyara harivijaya vardhamAnadezanA rAvaNavijaya sAtavAM adhyAya visamabANalIlA prAkRta carita-sAhitya-( IsavIsana / lIlAvaI 598 kI cauthI zatAbdI se 17vIM, - kumAravAlacariya zatAbdI taka) 525-572 | siriciMdhakavva 603 -soricarita 605 paumacariu 527 harivaMsacariya jaMbUcariya haMsasaMdeza surasundarIcariya kuvalayAzvacarita - rayaNacUDarAyacariya usANiruddha pAsanAhacariya 546 mahAvIracariya 550 nauvAM adhyAya supAsanAhacariya nATakoM meM prAkRta ( IsavI sudaMsaNAcariya. 561 san kI prathama zatAbdI se jayantIprakaraNa 566 18vIM zatAbdI taka) kaNhacariya 611-635 523 wr 534 bhRGgasaMdeza 6.7 541

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342 643 646 625 nATakoM meM prAkRta ke rUpa 611 / prAkRtakalpataru 641 azvaghoSa ke nATaka 614 prAkRtasarvasva bhAsa ke nATaka siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana mRcchakaTika 616 | prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana 644 kAlidAsa ke nATaka prAkRtarUpAvatAra 645 zrIharSa ke nATaka SaDbhASAcandrikA bhavabhUti ke nATaka 624 prAkRtamaNidIpa 647 mudrArAkSasa prAkRtAnanda 648 veNIsaMhAra prAkRta ke anya vyAkaraNa lalitavigraharAja (kha) chando grantha 650-654 adbhutadarpaNa vRttajAtisamuccaya lIlAvatI kavidarpaNa 651 prAkRta meM saTTaka 627-635 gAhAlakSaNa karpUramaMjarI 628 chandakoza vilAsavatI 630 chandolakSaNa (jinaprabhIya TIkA candalehA 0 ... ke antargata) AnandasundarI chaMdaHkaMdalI siMgAramaMjarI cha 633 prAkRtapaiMgala raMbhAmaMjarI svayaMbhUchanda dasavAM adhyAya (ga) koza prAkRta vyAkaraNa; chandakoSa; tathA| pAiyalacchI nAmamAlA alaMkAra-granthoM meM prAkRta | (gha) alaMkArazAstra ke granthoM .. (IsavI sana kI chaThI zatAbdI meM prAkRta 655-666 se 18vIM zatAbdI taka) kAvyAdarza 656 636-666 | kAvyAlaMkAra 657 (ka) prAkRtavyAkaraNa 636-650 | dhvanyAloka 658 prAkRtaprakAza 637 dazarUpaka prAkRtalakSaNa 639 sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa prAkRtakAmadhenu alaMkArasarvasva saMkSiptasAra kAvyaprakAza 662 prAkRtAnuzAsana 640 | kAvyAnuzAsana 632 659 663

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" 679 ( 8 ) sAhityadarpaNa 664 | joisahIra ( joisasAra) 676 rasagaMgAdhara . karalakkhaNa 677 gyArahavAM adhyAya riSTasamuccaya agghakaMDa 678 zAstrIya prAkRta-sAhitya (IsavI | ratnaparIkSA san kI prathama zatAbdI se dravyaparIkSA 14vIM zatAbdItaka) 667-684 dhAtUtpatti vastusAra atthasattha anya zAstrIya grantha 676-680 rAjanIti 668 prAkRta zilAlekha 681-684 nimittazAstra hAthIguMphA kA zilAlekha . 681 jayapAhuDa nimittazAstra nAsika kA zilAlekha 683 nimittazAstra upasaMhAra 685-692 cUDAmaNisArazAstra nimittapAhuDa pariziSTa 1 aMgavijjA | katipaya prAkRta granthoM kI joNipAhuDa zabdasUcI 663-702 vaDDhamANavijjAkappa, pariziSTa 2 jyotiSasAra alaMkAra-graMthoM meM prAkRta padyoM vivAha-paDala kI sUcI 703-784 laggasuddhi | sahAyaka graMthoM kI sUcI 785-788 dinasuddhi ." | anukramaNikA 786-876 671 72 " -- -

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zuddhipatra 106. 111 135 164 189 195 205 223 229 41. aTThAisa aTThArasa sAmayika sAmAyika 21 vibhukti vimukti mahAsamucho mahAsamuddo skaMdha skaMda aguttaro0 aNuttaro0 muMsudi musuMDhi eka-eka eka 13. jinadAsamaNi / jinadAsagaNi 12 harSakUla harekula 2 kappasi kappAsiA aura zaura aura paMgUpa. paMgU maiM neha karatA hU~ tU neha karatI hai pArAMtika pArAMcika girigiTa giragiTa zalpa zilpa veyazyA vezyayA jAtakakathA, saritsAgara jAtaka, kathAsaritsAgara vyaMjana . vyajana vi0 saM0 1326 % IsavI vi0 saM0 1327 - IsavI san 1269 san 1270 taraMgalIlA taraMgalolA taraMgalIlA taraMgalolA AdrakakumAra ArdrakakumAra surata samprAti samprati 27 (noTa) siMgolI siMgolI kI pahacAna uDiyAna ke saMbhalapura se kI jA sakatI hai 242 246 257 268 295 342 9 170 mm: 20 482

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paMkti 497 20 526 557 575 555 610 susumA eDakakSapura haribhadrazIlAMka RSabhatta zarvavarmA dalapatarAya anirUddha siMhaharSa suMsumA eDakAkSapura haribhadra, zIlAMka RSabhadatta zivavarmA dalapatarAma aniruddha zrIharSa 27 gAthA 4. pRSTha 704 705 709 710 712 713 713 722 722 728 731 orrm >>" paMkti azuddha 2 dasaNaM uNi mavaUdo bhAuassa hiaetu marimo sachahimo rUppiNI viasiaMccha ghaNNA tasya pupavaTTadi vaDDhIi sthaNaANaM geNaDDa pallava paDidhummirA rUhassa ghaavaDA 4 (artha) viSNu 2 suviaDDhe 5 (artha) -- 1 vilioNaAo 2 gharaMgaNaM Arrrrrrrrrr .. dasaNaM uNiamavaUDho mAuassa - hiaesu bharimo saddahimo ruppiNI viasiaccha yaa tassa pavaTTadi vaDDhIitthaNaANaM geNDA pallavA paDighummirA 736 747 751 751 766 769 dhaavaDA 772 775 332 orm"r or , sUrya suviaDda iTAne 780 viliaNayaNAo gharaMgaNaM 780

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa .

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pahalA adhyAya bhASAoM kA vargIkaraNa . - upabhASAoM athavA boliyoM ko chor3akara sArI duniyA kI bhASAoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga do hajAra kahI jAtI hai| inameM . adhikAMza bhASAoM kA to adhyayana ho cukA hai, lekina amarIkA, aphrIkA tathA prazAMta mahAsAgara ke durgama pradezoM meM bolI jAnevAlI bhASAoM kA adhyayana abhI nAmamAtra ko hI huA hai| ina saba bhASAoM kA vargIkaraNa cAra khaMDoM meM kiyA gayA hai-aphrIkAkhaMDa, yureziyAkhaMDa, prazAntamahAsAgarIyakhaMDa aura amarIkAkhaMDa | yureziyAkhaMDa meM semeTika, kAkezasa, yUrAla-alTAika, ekAkSara, drAvir3a, Agneya, anizcita aura bhAropIya (bhAratayUropIya ) nAma kI ATha zAkhAoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| bhAropIya kula kI bhASAyeM uttara bhArata, aphagAnistAna, IrAna tathA prAyaH sampUrNa yUropa meM bolI jAtI haiN| ye bhASAyeM keMTum (laiTina bhASA meM sau ke liye keMTum zabda kA prayoga hotA hai) aura zatam (saMskRta meM sau ke liye zatam zabda kA prayoga hotA hai ) nAma ke do samUhoM meM vibhakta haiN| zatam varga meM ilIriyana, bAlTika, slevonika, Armeniyana aura AryabhASAoM kA samAveza hotA hai| Arya athavA bhArata-IrAnI upakula kI tIna mukhya bhASAyeM haiM---IrAnI, darada aura bhAratIya AryabhASA / purAnI IrAnI ke saba se prAcIna namUne pArasiyoM ke dharmagrantha avestA meM pAye jAte haiN| yaha bhASA Rgveda se milatI-julatI hai| darada bhASA kA kSetra pAmIra aura pazcimottara paMjAba ke bIca meM

Page #25
4. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM kAzmIra ke pAsa ke pradeza ke liye darada kA prayoga huA hai| bhAratIya AryabhASAyeM bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ko tIna yugoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| pahalA yuga prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASA kA hai jo lagabhaga 1500 IsavI pUrva se lekara 500 IsavI pUrva taka calatA hai| isa yuga meM vedoM kI bhASA, tatkAlIna bolacAla kI lokabhASA para AdhArita saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI bhASA tathA pariSkRta sAhityika saMskRta kA antarbhAva hotA hai| dUsarA madhyakAlIna bhAratIya AryabhASA kA yuga hai jo 500 IsavI pUrva se 1100 IsavI san taka calatA hai| yaha yuga prAkRta bhASAoM kA yuga hai jisameM pAli tathA prAkRta-jisameM usa kAla kI sabhI janasAdhAraNa kI boliyA~ A jAtI haiM jo ki dhvanitattva ke parivartana aura vyAkaraNasaMbaMdhI bhinnatAyeM prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM se judA eka naI bhASA ko janma de rahI thIM-kA antarbhAva hotA hai| tIsarA yuga Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASAoM kA yuga hai jo 1100 IsavI san se lagA kara Aja taka calatA hai| isameM apabhraMza aura usake upabhedoM kA samAveza hotA hai| madhyayugIna bhAratIya AryabhASAyeM madhyayugIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ko bhI tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai| prathama bhAga meM pAli, zilAlekhoM kI prAkRta, prAcInatama jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI, tathA azvaghoSa ke nATakoM kI prAcIna prAkRta kA antarbhAva hotA hai| dUsare bhAga meM jainoM kA dhArmika aura laukika sAhitya, klAsikala saMskRta nATakoM kI prAkRta, hAla kI sattasaI, guNADhya kI bRhatkathA, tathA prAkRta ke kAvya aura vyAkaraNoM kI madhyakAlIna prAkRta AtI hai| tIsare bhAga meM apabhraMza kA samAveza hotA hai jo IsavI san kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI se AraMbha ho jAtA

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prAkRta aura saMskRta hai| apabhraMza apane pUrNa vikAsa para tabhI pahu~ca sakA jaba ki madhyayugIna prAkRta ko vaiyAkaraNoM ne jaTila niyamoM meM bA~dha kara Age bar3hane se roka diyaa| pahale prAkRta bhASAyeM bhI isI prakAra apanI unnati ke zikhara pahuMcI thIM jaba ki bolacAla kI bhASAoM ne sAhityika saMskRta kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| astu, IsavI san kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hemacandra ne apane prAkRtavyAkaraNa meM jo apabhraMza ke udAharaNa diye haiM unase patA lagatA hai ki hemacandra ke pUrva hI apabhraMza bhASA apane utkarSa para pahuMca cukI thii| prAkRta aura saMskRta __pahale katipaya vidvAnoM kA mata thA ki prAkRta kI utpatti saMskRta se huI hai' aura prAkRta saMskRta kA hI bigar3A huA (apabhraMza) rUpa hai, lekina aba yaha mAnyatA asatya siddha ho cukI hai | pahale kahA jA cukA hai, AryabhASA kA prAcInatama rUpa hameM Rgveda kI RcAoM meM milatA hai| durbhAgya se AryoM kI bolacAla kA TheTha rUpa jAnane ke liye hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nahIM hai| lekina vaidika AryoM kI yahI sAmAnya bolacAla jo Rgveda kI saMhitAoM kI sAhityika bhASA se judA hai, prAkRta kA mUlarUpa hai| 1.dekhiye hemacandra kA prAkRtavyAkaraNa (1.1kI vRtti) prakRtiH saMskRtam / tatra bhavaM tata AgataM vA prAkRtam / 2. pizala ne 'prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa', anuvAdaka DaoNkTara hemacandra jozI, vihAra-rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1958 (pRSTha 8-9) meM prAkRta aura vaidika bhASAoM kI samAnatA dikhAI hai-ttaNa (vaidika tvana), strIliMga paThI ke ekavacana kA rUpa Ae (vaidika Arya), tRtIyA kA bahuvacana rUpa ehiM (vaidika ebhiH), AjJAvAcaka hohi (vaidika bodhi), tA, jA, estha (vaidika tAt, yAt, itthA), amhe (vaidika asme ), vaggUhiM (vaidika vagnubhiH), saddhiM (vaidika

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhASA kI pravRtti saralIkaraNa kI ora rahatI hai| kaThina zabdoM kI apekSA manuSya saralatA se bole jAne yogya zabdoM kA prayoga karanA adhika pasanda karatA hai| boliyoM para bhaugolika paristhiti aura AbahavA kA asara par3atA hai| nagaroM aura korTakacahariyoM meM Akara boliyoM kA pariSkAra hotA hai| videzI bhASAoM ke zabdoM se bhI mUla bhASA meM parivartana aura parivardhana hotA rahatA hai| inhIM saba kAraNoM se prAcIna vaidika AryoM dvArA bolI jAnevAlI lokabhASA barAbara badalatI rahI aura sthAnabheda ke kAraNa samaya-samaya para bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM hamAre sAmane AI / yahI bhASA prAkRta arthAt jana-sAmAnya kI bhASA khlaaii| kramazaH eka ora AryoM dvArA bolI jAnevAlI sAmAnya bhASA uttarottara samRddha hotI rahI, dUsarI aura sAhityika bhASA parimArjita hotI rhii| vaidika saMhitAoM ke pazcAt brAhmaNa-anthoM kI racanA huI; padapATha dvArA vaidika saMhitAoM ko pada ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA, tathA saMdhi aura samAsoM ke AdhAra para vAkya ke zabdoM ko alaga-alaga kiyaa| prAtizAkhya dvArA saMhitAoM ke paramparAgata uccAraNa ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna kiyA gyaa| tatpazcAt vaidika bhASA ke aparicita ho jAne para nighaMTu meM vaidika zabdoM kA saMgraha kiyA gyaa| yAska ( IsavI pUrva pavIM zatAbdI) ne nighaMTu kI vyAkhyA karate hue nighaMTu ke pratyeka zabda ko lekara usakI vyutpatti aura artha para vicAra kiyaa| isa samaya pANini ( 500 I0 pU0) ne vaidikakAlIna bhASA ko vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM meM bA~dhakara susaMskRta banAyA aura prAkRta kA yaha pariSkRta, susajjita aura sugaThita rUpa saMskRta kahA jAne lgaa| pataMjali (-150 I0 pU0) ne vedoM kI rakSA ke liye vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana Avazyaka batAyA hai| isase varNoM ke lopa, Agama aura vikAra kA jJAna honA batAyA gayA hai| sadhIm ); viU (vaidika viduH), priMsu (vaidika ghaMsa), rukkha (vaidika rukSa) aadi|

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prAkRta aura saMskRta . ke sambandha meM vyAkaraNa se zUnya puruSa Taara huA bhI nahIM dekhatA aura sunatA huA bhI nahIM suntaa|' isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vyAkaraNa kA mahatva bahuta bar3ha rahA thA / phalataH eka ora saMskRta ziSTa janasamudAya kI bhASA bana rahI thI, aura dUsarI ora anapar3ha loga janasAmAnya dvArA bolI vAlI prAkRta bhASA se hI apanI AvazyakatAyeM pUrI kara rahe ye | svayaM pANini ne vAGmaya kI bhASA ko chandas aura sAdhAraNajanoM kI bhASA ko bhASA kaha kara ullikhita kiyA hai / isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki sAhityaka bhASA aura janasAmAnya kI bhASA alaga-alaga ho gaI thI / saMskRta, prAcIna 1. rakSArthaM vedAnAmadhyeyaM vyAkaraNam / lopAgamavarNavikArajJo hiM. samyagvedAmparipAlayiSyatIti / uta svaH pazyanta dadarza vAcamuta vaH zRNvanna, zRNotyenAm / mahAbhASya 1-1-1, pRSTha 20,44 | pataMjali ne ( mahAbhASya, bhArgavazAstrI, nirNayasAgara, baMbaI, san 1951, 1, pRSTha 76, 85 ) meM likhA hai ki bar3e-bar3e vidvAn RSi bhI 'yadvAnaH', 'tadvAnaH ' ina zuddha prayogoM ke sthAna meM 'yarvANaH' 'tarvANaH' ke azuddha prayoga karate the / usa samaya palAza ke sthAna para palASa, maMcaka ke sthAna para maMjaka aura zaza ke sthAna para paSa Adi azuddha zabdoM kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thA / -sakala 2. rudraTa ke kAvyAlaMkAra (2.12 ) para TIkA likhanevAle namisAdhu ne prAkRta aura saMskRta kA nimna lakSaNa kiyA hai-sa jagajjantUnAM vyAkaraNAdibhiranA hitasaMskAraH sahajo vacanavyApAraH prakRtiH tatra bhavaM saiva vA prAkRtam / prAkRtaM bAlamahilAdisubodhaM sakalabhASAnibaMdhana bhUtaM vacanamucyate / meghanirmuktajalamivaikasvarUpaM tadeva ca dezavizeSAtsaMskArakaraNAcca samAsAditavizeSaM satsaMskRtAdyuttaravibhedAnApnoti / vyAkaraNa Adi ke saMskAra se vihIna samasta jagat ke prANiyoM ke svAbhAvika vacanavyApAra ko prakRti kahate haiM / use hI prAkRta kahA jAtA hai / bAlaka, mahilA Adi kI samajha meM yaha saralatA se A sakatI hai, aura samasta bhASAoM kI yaha kAraNabhUta hai| meghadhArA

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAratIya AryabhASAoM kI kitanI hI boliyoM dvArA samRddha huI / ye boliyA~ Rgveda se lekara pANini aura pataMjali ke kAla taka zatAbdiyoM taka calatI rhiiN| saMskRta prAtizAkhya se lekara pataMjali ke kAlataka nirantara pariSkRta hotI rahI aura anta meM vaha aSTAdhyAyI aura mahAbhASya ke sUtroM meM nibaddha hokara simaTa gii| udhara lokabhASA kA atruTita akSaya pravAha zatAbdiyoM se calA A rahA thA jisake vividha rUpa bhinna-bhinna kSetra aura kAla ke janasAhitya meM dRSTigocara hote haiN| mahAvIra aura buddha ne isI lokabhASA ko apanAyA aura isameM apanA upadezAmRta sunA kara janakalyANa kiyA / vastutaH madhyayugIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM kA yaha yuga atyanta samRddha khlaayaa| isa yuga meM sAmAjika, rAjanItika aura dhArmika kSetra meM jitanI unnati huI utanI prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke kAla meM kabhI nahIM huii| aba taka rAje-mahArAje aura mahAn nAyakoM ke caritroM kA ziSTajanoM kI bhASA meM citraNa kiyA jAtA thA, lekina aba lokabhASA meM jana-jIvana kA bahumukhI citraNa kiyA jAne lagA jisase janasAhitya kI uttarottara unnati huii| prAkRta aura apabhraMza kramazaH prAkRta kA bhI pariSkAra huA aura usane bhI sAhityika vezabhUSA dhAraNa kI | zilAlekhoM, tathA klAsikala aura vyAkaraNasaMbaMdhI prAkRta-sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se isa bAta kA patA lagatA hai| bauddhoM ke hInayAna sampradAya dvArA mAnya tripiTakoM kI pAli tathA jaina AgamoM kI ardha-prAkRta (ardha-mAgadhI) prAkRta boliyoM ke hI sAhityika rUpa haiN| ke samAna ekarUpa aura deza-vizeSa ke kAraNa yA saMskAra ke kAraNa jisane vizeSatA prApta kI hai aura jisake sat saMskRta Adi uttara vibheda haiM use saMskRta kahate haiN| sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa (2.8) aura dazarUpaka (2.65) meM prAkRta ko striyoM kI bhASA kahA hai|

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prAkRta aura apabhraMza prAkRta bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM abhivRddhi hone para saMskRta kI bhA~ti prAkRta ko bhI sugaThita banAne ke liye vaiyAkaraNoM ne vyAkaraNa ke niyama bnaaye| lekina prAkRta boliyA~ apane aneka bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM loka meM pracalita thiiN| isase jaba vararuci Adi vaiyAkaraNoM ne pANini ko Adarza mAnakara prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kI racanA kI to saMskRta kI bhA~ti prAkRta meM ekarUpatA nahIM A skii| pahale to prAkRta bhASAoM ke prakAra hI judA-judA the| eka bhASA ke lakSaNa dUsarI bhASA ke lakSaNoM se bhinna the| phira vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM kA pratipAdana karate samaya trivikrama aura hemacandra Adi vyAkaraNakAroM ne jo 'prAyaH' 'bahula', 'kvacit', 'vA' ityAdi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai isase patA lagatA hai ki ye niyama kisI bhASA ke liye zAzvata rUpa se lAgU nahIM hote the| yazruti aura Na-na-saMbaMdhI Adi niyamoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM thii| khalu ke sthAna meM kahIM hu, aura kahIM khu, tathA api ke sthAna meM kahIM pi, kahIM vi, kahIM mi aura kahIM avi rUpa kA calana thA / prAkRta bhASA kI isa bahuraMgI pravRtti ke kaI kAraNa the| pahale to yahI ki jaise-jaise samaya bItatA gayA boliyoM meM parivartana hote gaye; dUsare, vyAkaraNasaMbaMdhI niyamoM ko banAte samaya svayaM vaiyAkaraNa asaMdigdha nahIM the; tIsare, jisa sAhitya kA unhoMne vizleSaNa kiyA vaha sAhitya bhinna-bhinna kAla kA thA / avazya hI isameM pAMDulipi ke lekhakoM aura prAkRta graMthoM ke Adhunika sampAdakoM kA doSa bhI kucha kama nahIM kahA jA sktaa|' ___ jo kucha bhI ho, isase eka lAbha avazya huA ki prAkRta kucha vyavasthita bhASA bana gaI, lekina hAni yaha huI ki janajIvana se usakA nAtA TUTa gayA / udhara jina lokapracalita 1. dekhiye DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya dvArA likhita trivikrama ke prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 17-23 /

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10 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa boliyoM ke AdhAra para prAkRta kI racanA huI thI, ve boliyAM niyamoM meM bA~dhI nahIM jA sakIM | inakA vikAsa barAbara jArI rahA aura ye apabhraMza ke nAma se kahI jAne lgiiN| bhASAzAstraM kI zabdAvali meM kaheMge apabhraMza arthAt vikAsa ko prApta bhASA | pahale, jaise prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke sAhityika bhASA ho jAne se madhyayugIna bhAratIya AryabhASA prAkRta ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna milA thA, usI prakAra jaba madhyayugIna bhAratIya AryabhASAyeM sAhityika rUpa dhAraNa kara janasAmAnya kI bhASAoM se dUra ho gaI to Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASA apabhraMza ko mahattva diyA gayA; janasAdhAraNa kI bolI kI paraMparA niraMtara jArI rhii| Age calakara jaba apabhraMza bhASA bhI lokabhASA na raha kara sAhityarUr3ha banane lagI to dezI bhASAoM-hindI, rAjasthAnI, paMjAbI, gujarAtI, marAThI, baMgAlI, siMdhI Adi-kA udaya huA / vAstava meM prAkRta, apabhraMza aura dezI bhASA, ina tInoM kA ArambhakAla meM eka hI artha thA-jaise-jaise inakA sAhityika rUpa banA, vaise-vaise unakA rUpa bhI badalatA gayA / ' ' prAkRta bhASAyeM isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki madhyayugIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke aneka rUpa the| ye zvetAmbara jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI prAkRta, digambara jainoM ke prAcIna zAstroM kI zaurasenI prAkRta, jainoM kI dhArmika aura laukika kathAoM kI prAkRta, saMskRta nATakoM meM prayukta vividharUpavAlI prAkRta, muktaka kAvyoM kI mahArASTrI prAkRta, zilAlekhoM kI prAkRta Adi ke rUpa meM bikharI huI par3I thiiN| ina saba bhASAoM ko sAmAnyatayA prAkRtaM ke nAma se kahA jAtA thA, yadyapi prAkRta ke vyAkaraNakAroM ne inake - 1. kAvyAlaMkAra (pRSTha 15) ke TIkAkAra namisAdhu ne 'prAkRtamevApabhraMzaH' likhakara isI kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai| .

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prAkRta bhASAyeM alaga-alaga nAma diye haiN| nATakakAroM aura alaMkArazAstra ke paMDitoM ne bhI ina prAkRtoM ke vividha rUpa pradarzita kiye haiN| daraasala prAkRta boliyoM ke bolacAla kI bhASA na raha jAne ke kAraNa ina boliyoM kA rUpa niyata karane meM bar3I kaThinAI ho rahI thii| vividha rUpa meM bikhare hue prAkRta sAhitya ko par3ha-par3ha kara hI vyAkaraNakAra apane sUtroM kI racanA karate the| isase vaiyAkaraNoM ne prAkRta kI boliyoM kA jo vivecana kiyA vaha bar3A aspaSTa aura apUrNa raha gayA / ina vyAkaraNoM ko par3ha kara yaha patA nahIM calatA ki kauna se granthoM kA vizleSaNa kara ke ina niyamoM kI racanA kI gaI hai, tathA azvaghoSa ke nATaka, kharoSTrI lipi kA dhammapada, ardhamAgadhI ke jaina Agama Adi kI prAkRtoM kA. vAstava meM kyA svarUpa thA / avazya hI aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM rAmapANivAda Adi prAkRta sAhitya ke uttarakAlIna lekhakoM ne ina vyAkaraNoM kA adhyayana kara apanI racanAyeM prastuta kI; lekina aisI racanAyeM kevala u~galiyoM para ginane lAyaka haiN| bharatanATyazAstra (17-48) meM mAgadhI, avantijA, prAcyA, zaurasenI, ardhamAgadhI, vAhnIkA aura dAkSiNAtyA nAma kI sAta prAkRta bhASAyeM ginAI gaI haiM, yadyapi inake sambandha meM yahA~ vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| Age cala kara saMskRta ke nATakakAroM ne apane pAtroM ke mu~ha se bhinna-bhinna boliyA~ kahalavAI haiM aura vyAkaraNakAroM ne ina boliyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, lekina isase prAkRtoM kA bhASAzAstrIya jJAna prApta karane meM jarA bhI sahAyatA nahIM milatI | vyAkaraNakAroM meM prAkRta boliyoM kA vistRta vivecana karanevAloM meM vararuci kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai / unake anusAra prAkRta (jise Age cala kara mahArASTrI nAma diyA gayA hai), paizAcI, mAgadhI aura zaurasenI ye cAra prAkRta bhASAyeM haiN|' isa sambandha meM dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki 1. rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA (bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA se san 1954 meM prakAzita, pRSTha 14 ) meM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza ke prathama ATha paricchedoM meM kevala prAkRta bhASA kA hI vivecana hai, paizAcI, mAgadhI aura zaurasenI kA nahIM | TIkAkAroM ne ina prathama ATha yA nau paricchedoM para hI TIkAyeM likhI haiM jinheM ve vararucikRta mAnate the| isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki prAraMbhika vyAkaraNakAra sAmAnyarUpa se prAkRta ko hI mukhya mAnate the, tathA sAhityika racanAoM kI yaha bhASA samajhI jAtI thI / ' zUdraka ke mRcchakaTika ke anusAra sUtradhAra dvArA bolI jAnevAlI bhASA ko prAkRta kahA gayA hai, yadyapi bAda ke vaiyAkaraNoM kI zabdAvali meM yahI bhASA zaurasenI bana gaI hai| prAkRta aura mahArASTrI vararuci ne prAkRtaprakAza (12-32) meM zaurasenI ke lakSaNa batAne ke pazcAt 'zeSaM mahArASTrIvat' likhA hai, isaliye kucha logoM kA mAnanA hai ki mahArASTrI ko hI mukhya prAkRta svIkAra karanA cAhiye, tathA zaurasenI isI ke bAda kA eka rUpa hai| isake sivAya, daMDI ne bhI apane kAvyAdarza (1.34) meM mahArASTra meM bolI jAnevAlI mahArASTrI ko uttama prAkRta kahA hai ( mahArASTrAzrayAM bhASAM prakRSTaM prAkRtaM viduH)| vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza ke paizAca nAmakI bhASAyeM batAI haiN| inameM saMskRta ko puruSa kA mukha, prAkRta ko bAhu, apabhraMza ko jaghana aura paizAca ko pAda kahA hai| lATa deza ke loga saMskRtadveSI hote the aura prAkRta kAvyoM kA ve bar3e sucAru rUpa se pATha karate the (pRSTha 83 ) / 1. rAjazekhara ne bAlarAmAyaNa (1.10) meM prAkRta bhASA ko zravya, divya aura prakRtimadhura kahA hai, tathA apabhraMza ko subhavya aura bhUtabhASA (paizAcI) ko sarasavacana batAyA hai / 2. eSo'smi bhoH kAryavazAtprayogavazAcca prAkRtabhASI saMvRttaH (aMka 1, 8veM zloka ke bAda ); DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, lIlAvaIkahA kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 75 para se|

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prAkRta aura mahArASTrI 13 12veM pariccheda ke sambandha meM pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki isa para bhAmaha kI TIkA nahIM, isaliye usakI prAmANikatA para vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| daMDI kI ukti ke saMbaMdha meM, jaisA ki puruSottama ke prAkRtAnuzAsana kI apanI phreMca bhUmikA meM nittI DaulcI mahodayA ne batAyA hai, daMDI ukta zloka dvArA prAkRta bhASAoM kA vargIkaraNa nahIM karanA cAhatA, usake kahane kA tAtparya hai ki mahArASTra meM bolI jAnevAlI mahArASTrI ko isaliye prakRSTa bhASA kahA hai kyoMki yaha sUktirUpI ratnoM kA sAgara hai aura isameM setubaMdha Adi likhe gaye haiN| yaha pUrA zloka isa prakAra hai mahArASTrAzrayAM bhASAM prakRSTaM prAkRtaM viduH / sAgaraH sUktiratnAnAM setubandhAdi yanmayam // isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki zaurasenI Adi prAkRtoM se bhinna mahArASTrI sarvazreSTha prAkRta mAne jAne ke kAraNa prAkRta nAma se kahI jAne lagI thii| vaise puruSottama ne apane prAkRtAnuzAsana ( 11. 1) meM mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI ke aikya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| udyotanasUri ne pAyayabhAsA aura marahaTThayadesI (bhASA) ko bhinna-bhinna svIkAra kiyA hai| vararuci ne bhI jo prAkRta ke sambandha meM niyama diye haiM unakA hemacandra ke niyamoM se mela nahIM khAtA / isase yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki vyAkaraNakAroM meM prAkRta bhASAzAstra ke sambandha meM mataikya nahIM hai / daraasala bAda meM honevAle vyAkaraNakAroM ne kevala apane se pUrva upalabdha sAmAgrI ko hI mahattva nahIM diyA, balki samaya 1. dekhiye pizala ke 'prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa' ke Amukha meM DAkTara hemacandra jozI dvArA isa bhUmikA ke kucha bhAga kA kiyA huA hindI anuvAda , pRSTha 3 / ____2. dekhiye DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye kI lIlAvaIkahA kI bhUmikA pRSTha 78 /

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14 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa samaya para jo sAhitya kA nirmANa hotA rahA usakA bhI vizleSaNa unhoMne kiyaa| isase prAkRtoM ke jitane bhI rUpa vyAkaraNakAroM ko sAhitya ke AdhAra se upalabdha hue unheM ve ekatrita karate gaye, boliyoM kI vizeSatAoM kI ora unakA dhyAna na gayA / Age calakara jaba ina ekatrita prayogoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA to isa bAta kA patA laganA kaThina ho gayA ki amuka prayoga mahArASTrI kA hai aura amuka zaurasenI kA / udAharaNa ke liye, gAhAkosa (gAthAsaptazatI) aura gauDavaho ko vidvAn mahArASTI prAkRta kI kRti mAnate haiM, jaba ki svayaM granthakartAoM ke anusAra (saptazatI 2, gauDavaho 65,62) ye racanAyeM prAkRta kI haiN| setubaMdha ke kartA ne apanI racanA ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA, lekina daMDI ke kathana se mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha mahArASTrI prAkRta kI racanA hai| lIlAvatIkAra ne apanI racanA ko marahaThThadesI bhASA (mahArASTrI prAkRta) meM likhA huA kahA hai| aisI hAlata meM DAkTara AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye kA kathana ThIka hI hai ki jabataka prAkRta kI prAmANika racanAyeM upalabdha nahIM hotIM jinameM ki una boliyoM ke sambandha meM viziSTa ullekha ho, tabataka ina boliyoM ke rUpa kA patA laganA kaThina hai|' * prAkRta bhASAoM ke prakAra pAli aura azoka kI dharmalipiyA~ . buddhaghoSa ne bauddha tripiTaka yA buddhavacana ke sAmAnya artha meM pAli ( pAli = pariyAya-mUlapATha%=buddhavacana ) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| ise mAgadhI athavA magadhabhASA bhI kahA gayA hai| magadha meM bolI jAnevAlI isI bhASA meM bauddhoM ke tripiTaka 1. vahI pRSTha 78-80 / .. 2. bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa,, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, vi0 saM0 2008 /

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bhAratetaramAMkRta kA saMgraha milatA hai / yaha bhASA apane zuddha sAhityika rUpa meM bar3hate hue prabhAva ke nIce dakSiNa-pazcima aura dakSiNa meM vRddhi ko prApta huii| dakSiNa-pazcima kI azokI prAkRta se isakI kAphI samAnatA hai | madhyayugIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke isa AraMbhika kAla meM priyadarzI azoka ke zilAlekhoM aura sikkoM para khudI huI boliyoM kA bhI. antarbhAva hotA hai / ye lekha brAhmI aura kharoSThI lipiyoM meM bhArata meM aura bhArata ke bAhara laMkA meM upalabdha hue haiM, jo saMskRta meM na hokara kevala prAkRta meM hI pAye jAte haiN| samrATa azoka ke bAda bhI staMbhoM Adi ke Upara 800 varSa taka isa prakAra ke lekha utkIrNa hote rahe | bhAratetara prAkRta * bhAratetara prAkRta kharoSThI lipi meM likhe hue prAkRta dhammapada' kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM 12 pariccheda haiM jinameM 232 gAthAoM meM buddha-upadeza kA saMgraha hai| isakI bhASA pazcimottara pradeza kI boliyoM se milatI-julatI hai| inase anumAna hotA / 1. emile senAra ne isake kucha avazeSoM kA saMgraha san 1897 meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| usake pazcAt baruA aura mitra ne yunivarsiTI oNva kalakattA kI ora se san 1921 meM nayA saMskaraNa chapavAyA / pAli dhammapada ke sAtha prAkRta dhammapada kI tulanA kI jA sakatI haiprAkRta- ya ja vaSazata jatu agi pariyare vane / cirena sapitelena divarAtra atadrito / eka ji bhavitatmana muhuta viva puae sameva puyana pebha ya ji baSazata huta // pAli- yo ca vassasataM jantu aggiM paricare vane . ekaM ca bhAvitattAnam muhuttaM api pUjaye sA yeva pUjanA seyyo yaMce vassasataM hutam / pRSTha 35 /

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16 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa hai ki kharoSThI dhammapada' kA mUla rUpa bhArata ke pazcimottara pradeza meM hI likhA gayA | lipi ke AdhAra para isakA samaya IsavI san 200 mAnA gayA hai| ___kharoSThI ke lekha cInI turkistAna meM bhI mile haiM jinakA anusaMdhAna aurala sTAina ne kiyA hai| ina lekhoM kI bhASA kA mUla sthAna pezAvara ke AsapAsa pazcimottara pradeza mAnA jAtA hai| inameM rAjA kI ora se jilAdhIzoM ko Adeza, kraya-vikrayasaMbaMdhI patra Adi upalabdha hote haiN| ina lekhoM kI prAkRta niyA prAkRta nAma se kahI gaI hai| isa para IrAnI, tokhArI aura maMgolI bhASAoM kA paryApta prabhAva par3A hai| ye lekha IsavI san kI lagabhaga tIsarI zatAbdI meM likhe gaye haiM | prastuta grantha meM hameM madhyayugIna prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM kI AraMbha-kAlIna prAkRta ke antargata pAli athavA azoka ke zilAlekhoM kI prAkRta kA vivecana apekSita nahIM hai| hama usake bAda kI prAkRtoM kA hI adhyayana yahA~ karanA cAhate haiM jo jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI se AraMbha hotI haiN| ardhamAgadhI jaise bauddha tripiTaka kI bhASA ko pAli nAma diyA gayA hai vaise hI jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ko ardhamAgadhI kahA jAtA hai| ardhamAgadhI ko ArSa (RSiyoM kI bhASA) bhI kahA gayA hai| hemacandra ne apane prAkRtavyAkaraNa (1.3) meM batAyA hai ki unake vyAkaraNa ke saba niyama ArSa bhASA ke liye lAgU nahIM hote kyoMki usameM bahuta se apavAda haiM (ArSe hi sarve vidhayo 1. ye lekha boyera, raipasana aura senAra nAma ke tIna vidvAnoM dvArA saMpAdita hokara san 1920 meM klareNDana presa, AksaphorDa se chape haiN| inakA aMgrejI anuvAda baro ke dvArA rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI kI jemsa jI0 pharaloMga sIrIz2a meM san 1940 meM laMdana se prakAzita huA hai|

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17 ardhamAgadhI viklpynte)| trivikrama ne prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana meM ArSa aura dezya bhASAoM ko rUDhigata (rUDhatvAt ) mAnakara unakI svataMtra utpatti batAte hue unake liye vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM batAI / isakA yahI artha huA ki ArSa bhASA kI prakRti yA AdhAra saMskRta nahIM hai, vaha apane svataMtra niyamoM kA pAlana karatI hai (svataMtratvAca bhuuysaa)|' rudraTa ke kAvyAlaMkAra para TIkA likhate hue namisAdhu ne ArSa bhASA ko ardhamAgadhI kahate hue use devoM kI bhASA batAyA hai|' bAla, vRddha aura anapar3ha logoM para anukampA karake unake hitArtha samadarziyoM ne isa bhASA meM upadeza diyA thA, aura yaha bhApA Arya, anArya aura pazu-pakSiyoM taka kI samajha meM A sakatI thii| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki jaise bauddhoM ne mAgadhI bhApA ko saba bhASAoM kA mUla mAnA hai, vaise hI jainoM ne 1. dezyamASa ca rUDhatvAtsvataMtratvAcca bhysaa|' lacama nApekSate, tasya saMpradAyo hi bodhakaH // 7, pR02| 2. ArisavayaNe siddhaM devANaM addhamAgahA vANI (2. 12) / 3. amha isthibAlabuDDhaakkharaayANamANANaM aNukaMpaNatthaM sabvasattasamadarasIhiM addhamAgahAe bhAsAte suttaM uvadiLaM, taM ca aNNesiM purato Na pagAsijati (AcArAMgacUrNI, pR0 255) / 4. addhamAgahA bhAsA bhAsijamANI tesiM samvesiM AyariyamaNAyariyANaM dupaya-cauppaya-miya-pasu-pakkhisarisivANaM appappaNo bhAsattAe pariNamai (samavAyAMga 34); tathA dekhiye ovAiya 34, pR0 146; paNNavaNA, 1 . 37 / vAgbhaTa ne alaMkAratilaka (1.1) meM likhA hai-'sarvArdhamAgadhIm sarvabhASAsu pariNAmiNIm / sArvIyAma sarvatovAcam sArvajJIm praNidadhmahe' arthAt hama usa vANI ko namaskAra karate haiM jo saba kI ardhamAgadhI hai, saba bhASAoM meM apanA pariNAma dikhAtI hai, saba prakAra se pUrNa hai aura jisake dvArA saba kucha jAnA jA sakatA hai| 5. dekhiye vibhaMga-aTThakathA (387 ityaadi)| yahA~ batAyA hai ki yadi bAlakoM ko bacapana se koI bhI bhApA na sikhAI jAye to ve 2prA0 sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ardhamAgadhI ko athavA vaiyAkaraNoM ne ArSa bhASA ko mUla bhASA svIkAra kiyA hai jisase anya bhASAoM aura boliyoM kA udgama huA / arthamAgadhI jaina AgamoM kI bhASA hai, saMskRta nATakoM meM isakA prayoga nahIM huA / yadyapi dhvanitattva kI apekSA ardhamAgadhI.pAli se bAda kI bhASA hai, phira bhI zabdAvali, vAkya-racanA aura zailI kI dRSTi se prAcInatama jaina sUtroM kI yaha bhASA pAli ke bahuta nikaTa hai| pAli kI bhA~ti ardhamAgadhI bhI saMskRta se kAphI prabhAvita hai| isa saMbaMdha meM haramana jaikobI ne jo AcArAMga. sUtra kI bhUmikA (pRSTha 8-14 ) meM pAli aura ardhamAgadhI kI tulanA karate hue jaina prAkRta kA eka laghu vyAkaraNa diyA hai vaha par3hane yogya hai / pizala ne ardhamAgadhI ke aneka prAcIna rUpa diye haiN|' bharata ne nATyazAstra ( 17.48 ) meM mAgadhI, AvaMtI, prAcyA, zaurasenI, vAhnIkA aura dAkSiNAtyA ke sAtha ardhamAgadhI ko sAta bhASAoM meM ginAyA hai| nizIthacUrNIkAra (11, pRSTha svayaM hI mAgadhI bhASA bolane lagate haiN| yaha bhASA naraka, tiyaMca, preta, manuSya aura devaloka meM samajhI jAtI hai| 1. khippAmeva (kSipraM eva) goyamA i (goyamA iti ), paDucca (pratItya ), ahA (yathA), aNNamaNNehiM (anyamanyaiH), devattAe (devatvAya ), yogasA (yogena), dhammuNA (dharmeNa), Aikkhai (AkhyAti), pAuNai (prApnoti), kuvai (karoti), kaTu (kRtvA ), muMjittu (bhuktvA ), karittANaM (kRtvA), bhocA (bhuktvA), ArusiyANaM (AruSya) Adi, prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 33 / 2. yahA~ kahA hai ki ardhamAgadhI, nATakoM meM naukaroM, rAjapUtoM aura zreSThiyoM dvArA bolI jAnI cAhiye, yadyapi saMskRta nATakoM meM ardhamAgadhI nahIM bolI jaatii|

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ardhamAgadhI 733 sAiklosTAila prati ) ne magadha ke ardha bhAga meM bolI jAnevAlI athavA aThAraha dezIbhASAoM se niyata bhASA ko (magahaddhavisayabhAsAnibaddhaM addhamAgaha, ahavA aTThAisadesIbhAsANiyataM addhamAgahaM ) ardhamAgadhI kahA hai | navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva ke anusAra isa bhASA meM kucha lakSaNa mAgadhI ke aura kucha prAkRta ke pAye jAte haiM, isaliye ise ardhamAgadhI kahA jAtA hai (mAgadhabhASAlakSaNaM kiMcit , kiMcicca prAkRtabhASAlakSaNaM yasyAmasti sA ardhamAgadhyAH iti vyutpttyaa)| hemacandra ne yadyapi jaina AgamoM ke prAcIna sUtroM ko ardhamAgadhI meM likheM hue (porANamaddhamAgahabhAsAniyayaM havai suttaMprAkRtavyAkaraNa 8,4,287 vRtti) batAyA hai, lekina ardhamAgadhI ke niyamoM kA unhoMne alaga se vivecana nahIM kiyA / mAgadhI ke niyama batAte hue prasaMgavaza ardhamAgadhI kA bhI ekAdha niyama batA diyA hai| jaise ki mAgadhI meM ra kA la aura sa kA za ho jAtA hai, tathA pulliMga meM kartAkAraka ekavacana ekArAnta hotA hai (jaise kataraH-katare ); ardhamAgadhI meM bhI kartAkAraka ekavacana meM o kA e ho jAtA hai, lekina ra aura sa meM yahA~ koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| mArkaNDeya ke mata meM zaurasenI ke 1. magadha, mAlava, mahArASTra, lATa, karNATaka, dravir3a, gauDa, vidarbha Adi dezoM kI bhASAoM ko dezIbhASA nAma diyA gayA hai (bRhatkalpabhASya, 2, pR0 382) / kuvalayamAlA meM 18 dezIbhASAoM kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai, dekhiye isa pustaka kA chaThA adhyAya / 2. bhagavatI 5.4; ovAiya TIkA 34 / . 3. pizala ne prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa (pR. 28-9) meM batAyA hai ki ardhamAgadhI aura mAgadhI kA saMbaMdha atyanta nikaTa kA nahIM hai| lekina unake anusAra tava zabda kA vyavahAra donoM hI bhASAoM meM SaSThI ke ekavacana ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hotA hai; yaha rUpa anya prAkRta bhASAoM meM nahIM miltaa|

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10 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pAsa hone se mAgadhI ko hI ardhamAgadhI kahA gayA hai / ' dekhA jAya to ardhamAgadhI kA yahI lakSaNa ThIka mAlUma hotA hai| yaha bhASA zuddha mAgadhI nahIM thI, pazcima meM zaurasenI aura pUrva meM mAgadhI ke bIca ke kSetra meM yaha bolI jAtI thI, isIliye ise ardhamAgadhI kahA gayA hai| mahAvIra jahA~ vihAra karate, isI milI-julI bhASA meM upadeza dete the| zanaiHzanaiH aura bhI prAntoM kI dezI bhASAoM kA mizraNa isameM ho gayA / jaina AgamoM ko saMkalita karane ke liye skaMdilAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM aura devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM valabhI meM bharanevAle sAdhu-sammelanoM ke pazcAt jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI meM avazya hI ina sthAnIya prAkRtoM kA raMga car3hA hogA / haribhadrasUri ne jaina AgamoM kI bhASA ko ardhamAgadhI na kaha kara prAkRta nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| haramana jaikobI ne ise jaina prAkRta nAma diyA hai, jo ucita hI hai| zaurasenI zaurasenI zUrasena (vrajamaMDala, mathurA ke AsapAsa kA pradeza) kI bhASA thI / isakA pracAra madhyadeza (gaMgA-yamunA kI upatyakA) meM huA thA | bharata (IsavI sana kI tIsarI zatAbdI) ne apane * nATyazAstra meM zaurasenI kA ullekha kiyA hai, jabaki mahArASTrI kA nAma yahA~ nahIM milatA | nATyazAstra (17.46) ke anusAra nATakoM kI bolacAla meM zaurasenI kA Azraya lenA cAhiye, tathA (17.51 ) mahilAoM aura unakI saheliyoM ko isa bhASA meM 1. zaurasenyA adUratvAdiyamevArdhamAgadhI (12.38) tulanA kIjiye kramadIzvara ke saMkSiptasAra (5.98) se jahA~ ardhamAgadhI ko mahArASTrI aura mAgadhI kA mizraNa svIkAra kiyA hai| 2. bAlastrIvRddhamUrkhANAM nRNAM cAritrakAMkSiNAm / anugrahArthaM tattvajJaiH siddhAntaH prAkRtaH smRtaH // (dazavaikAlikavRtti, pR0 203).

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zaurasenI bolanA cAhiye / hemacandra ne ArSa prAkRta ke pazcAt zaurasenI kA hI ullekha kiyA hai, usake bAda mAgadhI aura paizAcI kA / sAhityadarpaNa ( 6.156,165 ) meM suzikSita striyoM ke alAvA bAlaka, napuMsaka, nIca grahoM kA vicAra karanevAle jyotipI, vikSipta aura rogiyoM ko nATakoM meM zaurasenI bolane kA vidhAna hai| mArkaNDeya ne prAkRtasarvasva (10.1) meM zaurasenI se hI ... prAcyA kA udbhava batAyA hai (prAcyAsiddhiH zaurasenyAH) / lakSmIdhara ne SaDbhASAcandrikA (zloka 34 ) meM kahA hai ki yaha bhASA chadmaveSadhArI sAdhuoM, kinhIM ke anusAra jainoM tathA adhama aura madhyama logoM ke dvArA bolI jAtI thii| vararuci ne saMskRta ko zaurasenI kA AdhArabhUta svIkAra kiyA hai (prAkRtaprakAza 12.2), aura zaurasenI ke kucha niyamoM kA vivecana kara zeSa niyamoM ko mahArASTrI ke samAna samajha lene ko kahA hai (12.32) / dhvanitattva kI dRSTi se zaurasenI madhyabhAratIya AryabhASA ke vikAsa meM saMkramaNakAla kI avasthA hai, mahArASTrI kA sthAna isake bAda AtA hai / ' digambara sampradAya ke prAcIna zAstroM kI yaha bhASA hai jo prAyaH padya meM hai, pizala ne ise jaina zaurasenI 1. isa sambandha ke vAda vivAda ke liye dekhiye pizala, prAkRta. bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 18-25, 39-43; kono aura lAnamana, karpUramaMjarI, pRSTha 139 Adi; ema. ghoSa kA * jaranala oNva DipArTameNTa oNva laiTarsa, jilda 23, kalakattA, 1933 meM prakAzita 'mahArASTrI zaurasenI ke bAda kA rUpa' nAmaka lekha; e0 ema0 ghATage kA jaranala oNva da yunivarsiTI oNva baMbaI, jilda 3, bhAga 4 meM 'zaurasenI prAkRta' nAma kA lekha; esa. ke. caTarjI kA jaranala oNva DipArTameNTa oNva laiTarsa, jilda 29, kalakattA, 1936 meM 'da sTaDI oNva nyU iNDoAryana' nAma kA lekha; ema0 e0 ghATage kA jaranala oNva da yUnivarsiTI oNva baMbaI, jilda 4, bhAga 6 Adi meM prakAzita 'mahArASTrI laiMgveja eNDa liTarecara' nAma kA lekha; e0 ena0 upAdhye, kaMsavaho kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 39-42 //

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nAma diyA hai / pizala ke anusAra boliyoM meM jo bolacAla kI bhASAyeM vyavahAra meM lAI jAtI haiM, unameM zaurasenI kA sthAna sarvaprathama hai (prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 36) / harmana jaikobI ne ise klAsikala-pUrva (prIklAsikala) nAma diyA hai| durbhAgya se digambara sampradAya ke prAcIna zAstroM kI bhA~ti saMskRta nATakoM ke bhI AlocanAtmaka saMskaraNa prakAzita nahIM hue, phira bhI azvaghoSa (IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI) tathA bhAsa (IsavI sana kI tIsarI zatAbdI) ke nATakoM ke padyabhAga meM jo rUpa milate haiM ve zaurasenI ke mAne jAte haiM, mahArASTrI ke nhiiN| isI prakAra zUdraka ke mRcchakaTika aura mudrArAkSasa ke padyabhAga meM, aura karpUramaMjarI meM bhI zaurasenI hI rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| isase zaurasenI kI prAcInatA para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| saMskRta se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa isameM prAcIna kRtrima rUpoM kI adhikatA pAI jAtI hai| vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra zaurasenI meM ta ke sthAna meM da aura tha ke sthAna meM dha ho jAtA hai (vararuci 12.3; hemacandra 4.267 , mArkaNDeya 6.2.20,24 ; rAmazarmA tarkavAgIza 2.1.5) / lekina jaikobI Adi vidvAn isa parivartana ko zaurasenI kI vizeSatA nahIM svIkAra krte| prAkRta bhASAoM kI prathama avasthAoM meM isa parivartana ke cihna dRSTigocara nahIM hote| azvaghoSa ke nATakoM meM zaurasenI kA prAcIna rUpa upalabdha 1. isa sambandha meM DAkTara manomohana ghoSa dvArA saMpAdita karpUramaMjarI ke naye saMskaraNa kI vidvattApUrNa bhUmikA dekhane yogya hai| 2. zaurasenI kI vizeSatA ke dyotaka dANammi ( dAne ), jva (iva), jANittA (jJAtvA ), bhaviya ( bhUtvA ), bhodUNa ( bhUtvA), kiccA (kRtvA ), pAvadi (prApnoti), muNadi (jAnAti) Adi rUpa - pizala ne prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa pRSTha38-39 meM diye haiN| zaurasenI meM kucha ardhamAgadhI ke rUpa bhI milate haiM / saMjJA zabdoM ke kartA ekavacana kA rUpa yahA~ okArAnta hotA hai|

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zaurasenI hotA hai, lekina yahA~ bhI ukta niyama lAgU nahIM hotaa| bhAsa ke nATakoM meM ta ke sthAna meM da ho jAne ke udAharaNa (jaise bhavati-bhodi ) pAye jAte haiM, lekina kahIM ta kA lopa bhI dekhane meM AtA hai (jaise siitaa-siiaa)| nATyazAstra ke padyoM meM bhI ta ke donoM hI rUpa milate haiN| isI prakAra digambaroM ke zaurasenI ke prAcIna graMthoM meM bhI iti ke sthAna meM idi tathA atizaya ke sthAna meM aisaya ye donoM rUpa dikhAI dete haiN| vidvAnoM kA mAnanA hai ki zaurasenI kI utpatti hone ke bAda azvaghoSa aura prAkRta zilAlekhoM (IsavI san kI dUsarI zatAbdI) ke pazcAt zaurasenI bhASA ke saMbaMdha meM ukta niyama banA aura Age calakara zaurasenI kA vikAsa ruka jAne para vaiyAkaraNoM ne isa niyama ko zaurasenI kA pradhAna lakSaNa svIkAra kara liyaa| zaurasenI hI nahIM, mahArASTrI prAkRta bhI apanI prathama avasthA meM isa niyama se prabhAvita huii| 1. DA0 e0 ema0 ghATage, 'zaurasenI prAkRta', jaranala oNva da yunivarsiTI oNva baMbaI, maI, 1935, DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye, 'paizAcI, laiMgveja eNDa liTarecara', enalsa oNva bhAMDArakara oriMTiela iMsTiTyUTa, jilda 21, 1939-40, lIlAvaIkahA kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 83 / .. DAkTara ghATage ne zaurasenI ke nimna lakSaNa diye haiM : (ka) da aura dha kA apane mUla rUpa meM rahanA (mArkaNDeya ke anusAra zaurasenI meM da kA lopa nahIM hotA / azvaghoSa ke nATakoM meM da aura dha pAye jAte haiM, jaise hidayena, ddhi| nATyazAstra ke padyoM meM bhI chAdantA, vidAride Adi meM da kA rUpa dekhane meM AtA hai)| (kha) kSa kA kkha, (ga) R kA i, (gha) ai kA e, (Ga) au kA o ho jAtA hai| (ca) saptamI ke eka vacana meM ekArAnta pratyaya, (cha) paMcamI ke ekavacana meM Ado, (ja) dvitIyA ke bahuvacana meM Ni, (jha) bhaviSyakAla meM ssa, aura (a) ktvA pratyaya ke sthAna para isa pratyaya lagatA hai, aadi| isake atirikta (ka) nya, Nya aura jJa ke sthAna meM a. honA,

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa . mahArASTrI bharata ke nATyazAstra meM mahArASTI prAkRta kA ullekha nahIM hai / azvaghoSa aura bhAsa ke nATakoM meM bhI mahArASTrI ke prayoga dekhane meM nahIM Ate / hemacandra, zubhacandra aura zrutasAgara ne bhI ArSa prAkRta kA hI ullekha kiyA hai, mahArASTI kA nahIM / vararuci ne apane prAkRtaprakAza meM zaurasenI ke lakSaNa batAne ke pazcAt 'zeSaM mahArASTrIvat' (12.32) likhakara mahArASTrI ko mukhya prAkRta svIkAra kiyA hai, lekina jaisA pahale kahA jA cukA hai isa adhyAya para bhAmaha kI TIkA nahIM hai, isaliye isa adhyAya 'ko prAmANika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mahAkavi daMDI ne mahArASTra meM bolI jAnevAlI bhASA ko uttama prAkRta kahA kyoMki isameM sUktirUpI ratnoM kA sAgara hai aura setubaMdha' isI meM likhA gayA (kha) ta ke sthAna meM da honA, (ga) ka, ga, ca, ja kA lopa honA (azvaghoSa ke nATakoM meM inakA lopa nahIM pAyA jAtA / bhAsa ke nATakoM aura nATyazAstra meM donoM rUpa dekhane meM Ate haiN| Age calakara ina vyaMjanoM ke lopa ko zaurasenI kA lakSaNa mAna liyA gyaa| digaMbaroM ke prAcIna granthoM meM bhI ina vyaMjanoM ke saMbaMdha meM koI nizcita niyama nahIM pAyA jaataa)| (gha) kha, gha, pha, bha kA lopa honA (ina vyaJjanoM ke sambandha meM bhI koI nizcita niyama nahIM pAyA jAtA / udAharaNa ke liye azvaghoSa meM sakhi Adi zabda milate haiN)| (Ga) ktvA pratyaya ke sthAna meM dUNa pratyaya laganA Adi niyamoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM pAI jAtI / isase yahI anumAna hotA hai ki zaurasenI bhASA kramazaH vikAsa ko prApta ho rahI thI / dekhiye uparyukta jaranala meM ghATage kA lekha / 1. lekina setubaMdha ke dA, dAva, udU Adi rUpa mahArASTrI ke rUpa 'na mAnakara zaurasenI ke ho mAnane cAhiye, dekhie DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye, enalsa oNva bhAMDArakara iMsTiTyUTa 1939-40 meM 'paizAcI laiMgveja aura liTarecara' nAmaka lekha; DAkTara manomohana ghoSa, karpUramaMjarI kI 'bhUmikA, pRSTha 72 /

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- mahArASTrI 25 hai| isase mahArASTrI prAkRta ke sAhitya kI samRddhatA kA sUcana hotA hai / saMskRta nATakoM meM sarvaprathama kAlidAsa ke abhijJAnazAkuntala nATaka meM mahArASTrI ke prayoga dikhAI dete haiM / ' daMDI ko chor3akara pUrvakAla (IsavI san 1000 ke pUrva ) ke alaMkArazAstra ke paMDita mahArASTrI se anabhijJa the / dhvani-parivartana kI dRSTi se mahArASTrI prAkRta atyanta samRddha hai| DAkTara pizala ke zabdoM meM 'na koI dUsarI prAkRta sAhitya meM kavitA aura nATakoM ke prayoga meM itanI adhika lAI gaI hai aura na kisI dUsarI prAkRta ke zabdoM meM itanA adhika pheraphAra huA hai / ' tathA 'mahArASTrI prAkRta meM saMskRta zabdoM ke vyaMjana itane adhika aura isa prakAra se nikAla diye gaye haiM ki anyatra kahIM yaha bAta dekhane meM nahIM aatii| ... 'ye vyaMjana isaliye haTA 1. prophesara jaikobI ne mahArASTrI kA samaya kAlidAsa kA samaya (IsavI sana kI tIsarI zatAbdI) aura DAkTara kItha ne cauthI zatAbdI ke bAda svIkAra kiyA hai| 2. DAkTara manomohana ghoSa ke anusAra madhyabhAratIya-AryabhASA ke rUpa meM mahArASTrI kAphI samaya bAda (IsavI san 600) svIkRta huI, karpUramaMjarI kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 76 / / DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne bhI mahArASTrI.ko zaurasenI kA hI vAda kA rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai, dekhiye candalehA kI bhUmikA / DAkTara e. ema. ghATage ukta mata se sahamata nahIM haiN| unake anusAra hemacandra Adi vaiyAkaraNoM ne jo prAkRta kA vivecana kiyA hai, usase unakA tAtparya mahArASTrI prAkRta se hI hai, dekhiye jaranala oNva yunivarsiTI oNva vambaI, maI, 1936 meM 'mahArASTrI laiMgveja aura liTarecara' nAma kA lekha / 3. udAharaNa ke liye nIce likhe zabdoM para dhyAna dIjiye kA ( kaca, kRta), kai (kati, kapi, kavi, kRti), kAa (kAka, kAca, kAya ), mabha (mata, mada, maya, bhRga, mRta), sua (zuka, suta, shrut)|

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26 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa diye gaye ki isa prAkRta kA prayoga sabase adhika gItoM meM kiyA jAtA thA; adhikAdhika lAlitya lAne ke liye yaha bhASA zrutimadhura banAI gii|' hAla kI sattasaI aura jayavallabha kA vajAlagga mahArASTrI prAkRta ke sarvazreSTha muktaka kAvya haiM jinameM eka se eka bar3hakara kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA...saMgraha hai| setubaMdha aura gauDavaho jaise mahAkAvya bhI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM hI likhe gaye haiM / DAkTara haramana jakobI ne ise jaina mahArASTrI nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| jaina mahArASTrI ke saMbaMdha meM 'Avazyaka kathAyeM' nAmaka graMtha kA pahalA bhAga ernesTa lauyamAna ne san 1867 meM lAiptsikha se prakAzita karAyA thaa| tatpazcAt haramana jaikobI * ne 'ausagevailte etsailuGgana ina mahArASTrItsura AinaphyuruGga ina DAsa sTUDiuma Desa prAkRta prAmATika TaiksTa voeratarabukha' (mahArASTrI se cunI huI kahAniyA~ prAkRta ke adhyayana meM praveza karAne ke liye ) san 1886 meM lAipitsakha se prakAzita karAyA / isameM jaina mahArASTrI kI uttarakAlIna kathAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gyaa| hemacandra ke samaya taka zaurasenI ke bahuta se niyama mahArASTrI prAkRta ke liye lAgU hone lage the| vararuci aura hemacandra ne mahArASTrI prAkRta ke nimna lakSaNa diye haiM (ka) ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da, pa, ya aura va kA prAyaH lopa ho jAtA hai (vararuci 2.2 ; hemacandra 1.17.7) / (kha) kha, gha, dha, tha, pha aura bha ke sthAna meM ha ho jAtA hai (vararuci 2.25 ; hemacandra 1.187) / 1. prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 18 / 2. anya niyamoM ke liye dekhiye vararuci kA prAkRtaprakAza (1-9 pariccheda); hemacandra kA prAkRtavyAkaraNa (8.1-4, sUtra 1.259); lakSmIdhara kI . SaDbhASAcandrikA (pR0 1-246); mArkaNDeya kA prAkRtasarvasva (1-8) /

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paizAcI lekina hastalikhita pratiyoM meM ina niyamoM kA akSarazaH pAlana dekhane meM nahIM AtA / katipaya Adhunika sampAdaka vidvAnoM ne sattasaI aura karpUramaMjarI Adi ke saMskaraNoM meM ukta niyamoM kA akSarazaH pAlana karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, lekina isase lAbha ke badale hAni hI adhika huI hai| paizAcI paizAcI eka bahuta prAcIna prAkRta bolI hai jisakI gaNanA pAli, ardhamAgadhI aura zilAlekhI prAkRtoM ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| cInI turkistAna ke kharoSTrI zilAlekhoM meM paizAcI kI vizeSatAyeM dekhane meM AtI haiN|' jArja priyarsana ke matAnusAra. paizAcI pAli kA hI eka rUpa hai jo bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke vibhinna rUpoM ke sAtha mizrita ho gaI hai| vararuci ne prAkRtaprakAza ke dasaveM pariccheda meM paizAcI kA vivecana karate hue zaurasenI ko usakI adhArabhUta bhASA svIkAra kiyA hai| rudraTa ke kAvyAlaMkAra (2,12) kI TIkA meM namisAdhu ne ise paizAcika kahA hai / hemacandra ne prAkRtavyAkaraNa (4. 303-24) meM paizAcI ke niyamoM kA varNana kiyA hai| trivikrama ne prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana ( 3.2.43 ) aura siMharAja ne prAkRtarUpAvatAra ke bIsaveM adhyAya meM isa bhASA kA ullekha kiyA hai| mArkaNDeya ne prAkRtasarvasva (pRSTha 2) meM kAMcIdezIya, pAMDya, pAMcAla, gauDa, mAgadha, vAcaDa, dAkSiNAtya, zaurasena, kaikaya, zAbara aura drAvir3a nAma ke 11 pizAcaja (pizAca deza) batAye haiN| vaise mArkaNDeya ne kaikaya, zaurasena aura pAMcAla nAma kI tIna paizAcI boliyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| rAmazarmA tarkavAgIza ne prAkRtakalpataru (3.3) meM kaikeya, zaurasena, pAMcAla, gauDa, 1. dekhiye DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina kA : nAgapura yunivarsiTI jaranala, disambara 1941 meM prakAzita 'paizAcI TreTsa ina da laiMgveja oNva da kharoSTrI iMskripzansa phraoNma cAinIz2a turkIstAna' nAmaka lekha /

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28 . prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mAgadha aura brAcaDa paizAca kA vivecana kiyA hai| lakSmIdhara kI SaDbhASAcandrikA (zloka 35) ke anusAra paizAcI aura cUlikA paizAcI rAkSasa, pizAca aura nIca vyaktiyoM dvArAbolI jAtI thii| yahA~ pAMDya, kekaya, bAhnIka, siMha (? sahya), nepAla, kuntala,sudheSNa, bhoja, gAMdhAra, haivaka, (?) aura kannauja kI gaNanA pizAca dezoM meM kI gaI hai| ina nAmoM se patA calatA hai ki paizAcI bhArata ke uttara aura pazcimI bhAgoM meM bolI jAtI rahI hogii| bhojadeva ne sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa (2, pRSTha 144) meM ucca jAti ke logoM ko zuddha paizAcI bolane ke liye manA kiyA hai| daMDI ne kAvyAdarza (1.38) meM paizAcI bhASA ko bhUtabhASA batAyA hai| __ paizAcI dhvanitattva kI dRSTi se saMskRta, pAli aura pallavavaMza ke dAnapatroM kI bhASA se milatI-julatI hai| saMskRta ke sAtha samAnatA hone ke kAraNa isameM zleSAlaMkAra kI bahuta suvidhA hai| guNADhya kI bRhatkathA paizAcI kI sabase prAcIna kRti hai / durbhAgya se Ajakala yaha upalabdha nahIM hai | budhasvAmI ke bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha, kSemendra kI bRhatkathAmaMjarI aura somadeva ke kathAsaritsAgara se isake saMbaMdha meM bahuta sI bAtoM kA paricaya prApta hotA hai / prAkRtavyAkaraNa aura alaMkAra ke paMDitoM ne jo thor3e-bahuta udAharaNa yA uddharaNa diye haiM unake Upara se isa bhASA kA kucha jJAna hotA hai|' 1. vararuci ne prAkRtaprakAza ke dasaveM pariccheda meM paizAcI ke nimna lakSaNa diye haiM: (ka) paizAcI meM varga ke tRtIya aura caturtha akSaroM ke sthAna meM kramazaH prathama aura dvitIya akSara ho jAte haiM (gagana-gakana, megha-mekha), (kha) Na ke sthAna meM na ho jAtA hai (taruNI-talunI), (ga)STa ke sthAna meM saTa ho jAtA hai (kaSTa-kasaTa), (gha) sna ke sthAna meM sana ho jAtA hai (snAna-sanAna), (3) nya ke sthAna meM na ho jAtA hai (knyaa-kaa)| caMDa (prAkRtalakSaNa 3. 38), hemacandra (prAkRtavyAkaraNa

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mAgadhI ____ 29 hemacandra, trivikrama aura lakSmIdhara ne paizAcI ke sAtha cUlikA-paizAcI kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai|' mAgadhI magadha janapada (bihAra) kI yaha bhASA thii| ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI aura paizAcI kI bhA~ti isa prAkRta meM svataMtra racanAyeM nahIM pAI jAtIM, kevala saMskRta nATakoM meM isake prayoga dekhane meM Ate haiN| pUrva aura pazcima ke vaiyAkaraNoM meM mAgadhI ke sambandha meM kAphI matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| mArkaNDeya ne prAkRtasarvasva (pRSTha 101 ) meM kohala kA mata diyA hai jisake anusAra yaha prAkRta rAkSasa, bhikSu, kSapaNaka aura . 4. 303-24) aura namisAdhu ne bhI rudraTa ke kAvyAlaMkAra kI TIkA (pRSTha 14 ) meM paizAcI bhASA ke niyama diye haiN| kavi rAjazekhara ne kAvyamImAMsA (pRSTha 124 ) meM kahA hai ki avantikA, pAriyAtra aura dazapura Adi ke kavi bhUtabhASA (paizAcI) kA prayoga karate the| kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI meM dardara aura mlecchoM ke sAtha bhoTToM ko ginAyA gayA hai / ina logoM ko pItavarNa kA batAyA hai jisase ye maMgola nasla ke jAna par3ate haiN| paizAcI kI tulanA uttara-pazcimI sImAprAnta meM bolI jAne vAlI pazto bhASA se kI jA sakatI hai| dekhiye DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina kA uparyukta lekh| 1. hemacandra ke anusAra isa bhASA meM varga ke tIsare aura cauthe akSara ke sthAna meM kramazaH varga ke pahale aura dUsare akSara ho jAte haiM (jaise giri-kiri, dhUlI-thUlI, bhagavatI-phakavatI) aura ra ke sthAna meM la ho jAtA hai (jaise rudda-ludda, hrN-hlN)| cUlika, cUDika athavA zUlikoM kA nAma tukhAra, yavana, palava aura cIna ke logoM ke sAtha ginAyA gayA hai| bAgacI ke anusAra yaha bhASA sogaDiyana logoM dvArA uttara-pazcima meM bolI jAtI thii| dekhiye, DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina kA uparyukta lekh|

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30 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ceToM Adi dvArA bolI jAtI thii| bharata ke nATyazAstra (17. 50, 55-56) ke kathanAnusAra antaHpura meM rahanevAloM, seMdha lagAnevAloM, azvarakSakoM aura ApattigrastanAyakoM dvArA mAgadhI bolI jAtI thii| dazarUpakakAra (2.65 ) kA kahanA hai ki pizAca aura nIca jAtiyA~ isa bhASA kA prayoga karatI thiiN| zUdraka ke mRcchakaTika meM saMvAhaka, zakAra kA dAsa sthAvaraka, vasantasenA kA naukara kuMbhIlaka, cArudatta kA naukara vardhamAnaka, bhikSu tathA cArudatta kA putra rohasena ye chahoM (TIkAkAra pRthvIdhara ke anusAra) mAgadhI meM bolate haiN| zakuntalA nATaka meM donoM praharI aura dhIvara tathA zakuntalA kA choTA putra sarvadamana isI bhASA meM bAta karate haiN| mudrArAkSasa meM jaina sAdhu, dUta tathA cAMDAla ke veza meM apanA pArTa khelane vAle siddhArthaka aura samiddhArthaka mAgadhI meM hI bolate haiN| veNIsaMhAra meM rAkSasa aura usakI strI isI prAkRta kA prayoga karate haiN| pizala ke kathanAnusAra somadeva ke lalitavigraharAjanATaka meM jo mAgadhI prayukta kI gaI hai vaha vaiyAkaraNoM ke niyamoM ke sAtha adhika milatI hai / yahA~ bhATa aura cara mAgadhI meM bAta karate haiN|' ___ vararuci aura hemacandra ne mAgadhI ke niyamoM kA varNana kara zeSa niyama zaurasenI kI bhAMti samajha lene kA Adeza diyA hai| jAna par3atA hai zorasenI se atyadhika prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa hI ima prAkRta kA rUpa bahuta aspaSTa ho gayA / 1. prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 45 / 2. pizala kA kahanA hai ki mAgadhI meM sabase adhika sacAI ke sAtha hemacandra ke 4.288.niyama kA pAlana huA hai / isake anusAra sa ke sthAna meM za aura ra ke sthAna meM la (vilAsa-vilAza; nara-nala) ho jAtA hai| isI taraha 4. 287 niyama kA bhI pAlana huA hai| isake anusAra pulliMga aura napuMsakaliMga bhakArAnta zabdoM kA kartA ekavacana meM ekArAnta rUpa hotA hai ( naraH-nale ) / isake atirikta vararuci (11.9) aura hemacandra (4. 301) ke anusAra mAgadhI meM ahaM ke

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mAgadhI puruSottama ne prAkRtAnuzAsana ( adhyAya 13-15) meM mAgadhI bhASA ke antargata zAkArI, cANDAlI aura zAbarI bhASAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ zAkArI ko mAgadhI kI vibhASA,' cANDAlI ko mAgadhI kI vikRti aura zAbarI ko eka prakAra kI mAgadhI (mAgadhIvizeSa) kahA gayA hai| cANDAlI meM grAmyoktiyoM kI bahulatA pAI jAtI hai| pizala kA kathana hai ki mAgadhI eka bhASA nahIM thI, balki isakI boliyA~ bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM meM pracalita thiiN| isIliye sthAna para hage ho jAtA hai, kabhI vayaM ke sthAna para bhI hage hI hotA hai| vararuci (11. 4,7 ) tathA hemacandra (4. 292 ) ke anusAra ya jaise kA taisA rahatA hai aura ja ke sthAna para bhI ya ho jAtA hai / cha, rya aura jaM ke sthAna para yaya hotA hai, lekina yaha niyama lalitavigraharAja ke sivAya anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 45 / vararuci ( 11vAM pariccheda) aura hemacandra (4. 207-302) ke anusAra mAgadhI ke kucha niyama ninna prakAra se haiM: (ka)ja ke sthAna meM ya ho jAtA hai (jaayte-yaayde)| (kha) rya aura ja ke sthAna meM yya ho jAtA hai (kAryama-kayye, durjn:-duyynne)| (ga) kSa ke sthAna meM ska ho jAtA hai ( raaksss-lskshe)| (gha) nya, Nya, jJa, a, ke sthAna meM a ho jAtA hai (abhimanyu ahimaJja, puNyavantaH-pujavante, prajJA-paJjA, aJjalI anjlii)| (Ga) ktvA ke sthAna meM dANi ho jAtA hai (kRtvA-karidANi ) / 1. mArkaNDeya (pRSTha 105) ne bhI zAkArI ko mAgadhI kA hI rUpa ___ batAyA hai-mAgadhyAH zAkArI, sidhyatIti zeSaH / 2. mArkaNDeya ne cAMDAlI ko mAgadhI aura zaurasenI kA mizraNa svIkAra kiyA hai (pRSTha 107) / zAbarI ko usane cAMDAlI se AvirbhUta mAnA hai (pRSTha 108) /

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32 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 'kSa ke sthAna para kahIM haka, kahIM zka; 2 ke sthAna para kahIM sta aura zta; Ska ke sthAna para kahIM ska aura kahIM zka likhA jAtA hai| isaliye mAgadhI meM ve saba boliyA~ sammilita karanI cAhiye jinameM ja ke sthAna para ya, ra ke sthAna para la, sa ke sthAna para za likhA jAtA hai aura jinake a meM samApta honevAle saMjJA zabdoM ke anta meM a ke sthAna para e jor3A jAtA hai| 1. prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 18 //

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___ dUsarA adhyAya jaina Agama sAhitya jaina Agama ( IsavI san ke pUrva 5vIM zatAbdI se lekara IsavI san kI 5vIM zatAbdI taka ) jaina AgamoM ko zrutajJAna athavA siddhAMta ke nAma se bhI. kahA jAtA hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra arhata bhagavAna ne AgamoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA aura unake gaNadharoM ne inheM sUtrarUpa meM nibaddha kiyA / ' AgamoM kI saMkhyA 46 hai / 1. asthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaNassa hiyaThAe, to suttaM pavattei // ___-bhadrabAhu, Avazyakaniyukti 92 / 2. 84 AgamoM ke nAma nimna prakAra se haiM (jainagraMthAvali, zrI jaina zvetAmbara kAnpharensa, mumbaI vi0 saM0 1965, pR0 72) 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 5 chedasUtra (paMcakappa ko nikAlakara), 5 mUlasUtra (uttarAyaNa, dasaveyAliya, bhAvassaya, naMdi, aNuyogadAra), 8 anya grantha (kalpasUtra, jItakalpa, yatijItakalpa, zrAddhajItakalpa, pAkSika, kSAmaNA, baMdittu, RSibhASita) aura nimnalikhita 30 prakIrNakaH1. catuHzaraNa 11. ajIvakalpa 21. piMDaniyukti 2. AturapratyAkhyAna 12. gacchAcAra 22. sArAvali 3. bhaktaparijJA 13. maraNasamAdhi 23. paryatArAdhanA 4. saMstAraka 14. siddhaprAmRta 24. jIvavibhakti 5. taMdulavaicArika 15. tIrthodvAra 25 kavaca 6. caMdravedhyaka16. ArAdhanApatAkA 26. yoniprAbhRta 7. devendrastava 17. dvIpasAgaraprajJapti 27. aMgacUliyA 8. gaNividyA 18. jyotiSkaraNDaka 28. vaMgacUliyA 9. mahApratyAkhyAna 19. aMgavidyA / 29. vRddhacatuHzaraNa 10. vIrastava 20. tithiprakIrNaka 30. jaMvUpayannA

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34 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 12 aMga-AyAraMga, sUyagaDaMga, ThANAMga, samavAyAMga, viyAhapaNNatti (bhagavatI), nAyAdhammakahAo, uvAsagadasAo, aMtagaDadasAo, aNuttarovavAiyadasAo, paNhavAgaraNAiM, vivAgasuya, diTThivAya (vicchinn)| 12 upAMga-ovavAiya, rAyapaseNaiya, jIvAbhigama, pannavaNA, sUriyapaNNatti, jaMbuddIvapaNNatti, candapaNNatti, nirayAvaliyAo, kappavaDaMsiyAo, puphiyAo, pupphacUliyAo, vhidsaao| 12 niyuktiyA~1. Avazyaka 5. sUtrakRtAGga 9. kalpasUtra 2. dazavaikAlika 6. bRhatkalpa 10. piMDaniyukti 3. uttarAdhyayana 7. vyavahAra 11. odhaniyukti 4. AcArAMga 8. dazAzruta 12. saMsaktaniyukti (sUryaprajJaptiniyukti aura RSibhASitaniyukti anupalabdha haiN)| ye saba milakara 83 Agama hote haiN| inameM jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa kA vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya jor3ane se 84 ho jAte haiN| zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI 32 Agama mAnate haiN| nandIsUtra ( 43 TIkA, pRSTha 90-95) ke anusAra zruta ke do bheda batAye gaye haiM-aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa / prazna pUche binA artha kA pratipAdana karanevAle zruta ko aGgabAhya, tathA gaNadharoM ke prazna karane para tIrthakara dvArA pratipAdita zruta ko aMgapraviSTa kahate haiN| aMgabAhya ke do bheda haiM-Avazyaka aura aavshykvytirikt| sAmayika Adi Avazyaka ke chaha bheda haiN| Avazyakavyatirikta kAlika aura utkAlika bheda se do prakAra kA hai| jo dina aura rAtri kI prathama aura antima porisI meM par3hA jAye use kAlika aura jo kisI kAlavizeSa meM na par3hA jAye use utkAlika kahate haiN| kAlika ke uttarAdhyayana Adi 31 aura utkAlika ke dazavakAlika Adi 28 bheda haiN| aMgapraviSTa ke AcArAMga Adi 12 bheda haiN| vistAra ke liye dekhiye mohanalAla, dalIcanda, desAI, jainasAhityano itihAsa, zrIjaina zvetAMbara kaoNnpharensa, bambaI, 1933, pRSTha 40-45 / AgamoM ke vizeSa paricaya ke liye dekhiye samavAyAMga,

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jaina Agama 25 10 painnA-causaraNa, AurapaJcakkhANa, mahApaJcakkhANa, bhattapariNNA, taMdulaveyAliya, saMthAraga, gacchAyAra, gaNivijjA, deviMdatthaya, mrnnsmaahii| 6 cheyasutta-nisIha, mahAnisIha, vavahAra, dasAsuyakkhaMdha (AyAradasAo), kappa (bRhatkalpa), paMcakappa (athavA jiiykpp)| 4 mUlasutta-uttarajjhayaNa, dasaveyAliya, Avassaya, piMDanijjutti (athavA ohnijjutti)| nandI aura anuyogadAra / zvetAMbara aura digaMbara donoM hI sampradAya inheM Agama kahate haiM / antara itanA hI hai ki digaMbara sampradAya ke anusAra kAladoSa se ye Agama naSTa ho gaye haiM jaba ki zvetAmbara sampradAya inheM svIkAra karatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM samasta zrutajJAna 14 pUrvo' meM antarnihita thA | mahAvIra ne apane 11 gaNadharoM ko isakA upadeza diyA / zanaiH zanaiH kAladoSa se ye pUrva naSTa ho gaye; kevala eka gaNadhara unakA jJAtA raha gayA, aura yaha jJAna chaha pIr3hiyoM taka calatA rhaa| pakkhiya aura nandisUtra / jinaprabhasUri ne kAvyamAlA saptama gucchaka meM prakAzita 'siddhAMtAgamastava' meM stavana ke rUpa meM bhAgoM kA paricaya diyA hai| tathA dekhiye prophesara vebara, iNDiyana aiMTIkverI (17-21) meM prakAzita 'sekreDa liTarecara oNva da jainsa' nAmaka lekha, prophesara hIrAlAla, rasikadAsa kApaDiyA, hisTrI oNva da kainonikala liTarecara oNva da jainsa; Agamonu digdarzana; jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA aija DipikTeDa ina jaina kainansa, pRSTha 31-43 / 1. caudaha pUrvo ke nAma-utpAdapUrva, agrAyaNI, vIryapravAda, astinAstipravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, samayapravAda, pratyAkhyAnapravAda, vidyAnupravAda, avandhya, prANAvAya, kriyAvizAla aura bindusaar|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tIna vAcanAyeM jaina paraMparA ke anusAra mahAvIranirvANa' ke lagabhaga 160 varSa pazcAt (IsavI san ke pUrva lagabhaga 367 meM ) candragupta maurya ke kAla meM, magadha meM bhayaMkara duSkAla par3A jisase aneka jaina bhikSu bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM samudrataTa kI ora prasthAna kara gaye | bAkI bace hue sthUlabhadra (svargagamana mahAvIranirvANa ke 216 varSa pazcAt ) ke netRtva meM vahIM rahe | duSkAla samApta ho jAne para sthUlabhadra ne pATaliputra meM jaina zramaNoM kA eka sammelana balAyA jisameM zrutajJAna ko vyavasthita karane ke liye khaMDa-khaMDa karake gyAraha aMgoM kA saMkalana kiyA gyaa| lekina dRSTivAda kisI ko yAda nahIM thA isaliye pUrvo kA saMkalana nahIM ho skaa| caturdaza pUrvadhArI kevala bhadrabAhu the, ve usa samaya nepAla meM the / aisI hAlata meM saMgha kI ora se pUrvo kA jJAna-saMpAdana karane ke liye kucha sAdhuoM ko nepAla bhejA gyaa| lekina inameM se kevala sthUlabhadra hI Tika sake, bAkI lauTa aaye| aba sthUlabhadra pUrvo ke jJAtA to ho gaye kintu kisI doSa ke prAyazcittasvarUpa bhadrabAhune antima cAra pUrvo ko kisI ko adhyApana karane ke liye manA kara diyaa| isa samaya se zanaiH-zanai pUrvo kA jJAna naSTa hotA gyaa| astu, jo kucha bhI upalabdha huA use 1. mahAvIranirvANa kA kAla muni kalyANavijayajI ne buddhaparinirvANa ke 14 varSa bAda IsavI pUrva 527 meM svIkAra kiyA hai, 'vIranirvANa saMvat aura kAlagaNanA', nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA, jilda 1011 / tathA dekhiye haramana jaikobI kA 'buddha uNDa mahAvIrAz2a nirvANa' Adi lekha jisakA gujarAtI anuvAda bhAratIya vidyA, siMghI smAraka meM chapA hai; tathA kItha kA buleTina skUla oNva orieNTela sTaDIz2a 6,859866; zUbiMga, dI lehare Dara jainAja; pRSTha 5, 30, DaoNkTara hIrAlAla jaina, nAgapura yunivarsiTI jaranala, disambara, 1940 meM 'DeTa oNva mahAvIrAja nirvANa' nAmaka lekha /

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tIna vAcanAye . pATaliputra ke sammelana meM siddhAMta ke rUpa meM saMkalita kara liyA gayA / yahI jaina AgamoM kI pATaliputra vAcanA kahI jAtI hai|' kucha samaya pazcAt mahAvIranirvANa ke lagabhaga 827 yA 840 varSa bAda (IsavI san 300-313 meM) AgamoM ko suvyavasthita rUpa dene ke liye AyeskaMdila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM eka dUsarA sammelana huaa| isa samaya eka bar3A akAla par3A jisase sAdhuoM ko bhikSA milanA kaThina ho gayA aura AgamoM kA abhyAsa chUTa jAne se Agama naSTaprAya ho gaye | durbhikSa samApta hone para isa sammelana meM jo jise smaraNa thA use kAlika zruta ke rUpa meM ekatrita kara liyA gyaa| ise mAthurI vAcanA ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai| kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki durbhikSa ke samaya zruta kA nAza nahIM huA, kintu AryaskaMdila ko chor3akara aneka mukhya-mukhya anuyogadhAriyoM ko apane jIvana se hAtha dhonA pdd'aa| . isI samaya nAgArjuna sUri ke netRtva meM valabhI meM eka aura sammelana bharA / isameM, jo sUtra vismRta ho gaye the unheM smaraNa karake sUtrArtha kI saMghaTanApUrvaka siddhAMta kA uddhAra kiyA 1. AvazyakacUrNI 2, pRSTha 187 / tathA dekhiye haribhadra kA upadezapada: jAo a tammi samaye dukAlo do ya dasama varisANi / savvo sAhusamUho gao to jalahitIresu // taduvarame so puNaravi pATaliputte samAgao vihiyaa| saMgheNaM suravisayA ciMtA kiM kassa astheti // jaM jassa Asi pAse uddesajjhayaNamAisaMghaDiuM / taM savvaM ekkAraya aMgAI taheva tthviyaaii|| 2. nandIcUrNI pRSTha 8 /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gyaa| AgamoM kI isa vAcanA ko prathama balabhI vAcanA kahate haiN|' ina donoM vAcanAoM kA ullekha jyotiSkaraMDakaTIkA Adi graMthoM meM milatA hai| jyotiSkaraMDakaTIkA ke kartA AcArya malayAgiri ke anusAra anuyogadvAra Adi sUtra mAthurI vAcanA aura jyotiSkaraMDaka valabhI vAcanA ke AdhAra se saMkalita kiye gaye haiM / ukta donoM vAcanAoM ke pazcAt AryaskaMdila aura nAgArjuna sUri paraspara nahIM mila sake aura isIliye sUtroM meM vAcanAbheda sthAyI banA raha gayA / 2 tatpazcAt lagabhaga 150 varSa bAda, mahAvIranirvANa ke lagabhaga 680 yA 663 varSa pazcAt (IsavI san 453-466-meM ) valabhI meM devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM cauthA sammelana bulAyA gayA / isa saMghasamavAya meM vividha pAThAntara aura vAcanAbheda Adi kA samanvaya karake mAthurI vAcanA ke AdhAra se AgamoM ko saMkalita kara unheM lipibaddha kara diyA gyaa| jina pAThoM kA samanvaya nahIM ho sakA unakA 'vAyaNAntare puNa', 'nAgArjunIyAstu evaM vadanti' ityAdi rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA / dRSTivAda phira bhI upalabdha na ho sakA, ataeva use vyucchinna ghoSita kara diyA gayA / ise jaina AgamoM kI aMtima aura dvitIya valabhI 1. kahAvalI, 298, muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa aura jainakAlagaNanA, pRSTha 120 Adi; muni puNyavijaya, bhAratIya jaina zramaNa paraMparA ane lekhanakalA. pRSTha 16 TippaNa / 2. jyotiSkaraMDakaTIkA, pRSTha 41; gacchAcAravRtti 3; jaMbUdvIpaprajJaptisUtra 17 TIkA, pRSTha 87 / 3. dekhiye muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pRSTha 112-118 /

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vAcanA kahate haiN| zvetAmbara sampradAya dvArA mAnya vartamAna Agama isI saMkalanA kA pariNAma hai|' ___AgamoM kI bhASA mahAvIra ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza diyA aura gaNadharoM ne isa upadeza ke AdhAra para AgamoM kI racanA kI / samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti aura prajJApanA Adi sUtroM meM bhI AgamoM kI bhASA ko ardhamAgadhI kahA hai| hemacandra ne ise ArSa prAkRta arthAt prAcIna prAkRta nAma diyA hai aura ise prAcIna sUtroM kI bhASA mAnA hai / 2 gaNadharoM dvArA saMgRhIta jaina AgamoM kI yaha bhASA apane vartamAna rUpa meM hameM mahAvIranirvANa ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa bAda upalabdha hotI hai| dIrghakAla ke isa vyavadhAna meM samaya-samaya para jo AgamoM kI vAcanAyeM huI unameM AgamagranthoM meM nizcaya hI kAphI parivartana ho gayA hogA | Agama ke TIkAkAroM kA isa ora lakSya gayA hai| TIkAkAroM ke vivaraNoM meM vividha pAThAMtaroM kA pAyA jAnA isakA pramANa hai| udAharaNa ke liye rAjapraznIya ke vivaraNakAra ne mUla pATha se bhinna kitane hI pAThAMtara uddhRta kiye haiM / zIlAMkasUri ne bhI sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki sUtrAdarzoM meM aneka prakAra ke sUtra upalabdha hote haiM, hamane eka hI Adarza ko svIkAra kara yaha vivaraNa likhA hai, ataeva yadi kahIM sUtroM meM visaMvAda dRSTigocara ho to citta meM vyAmoha nahIM karanA cAhiye / aisI hAlata meM 1. bauddha tripiTaka kI tIna saMgItiyoM kA ullekha bauddha graMthoM meM AtA hai / pahalI saMgIti rAjagRha meM, dUsarI vaizAlI meM aura tIsarI samAna azoka ke samaya buddha-parinirvANa ke 236 varSa bAda pATaliputra meM huii| isI samaya se bauddha Agama lipibaddha kiye gye| dekhiye karna, mainuala oNva iNDiyana buddhijma, pRSTha 101 ityAdi / 2. dekhiye isI pustaka kA pahalA adhyAya / 3. sUtrakRtAMga 2,2-39 sUtra kI TIkA /

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TIkAkAroM ko sUtrArtha spaSTa karane ke liye AgamoM kI mUla bhASA meM kAphI parivartana aura saMzodhana karanA par3A hai| ina granthoM meM prAkRtavyAkaraNa ke rUpoM kI vividhatAyeM dRSTigocara hotI haiN| udAharaNa ke liye, kalpasUtra kI prAcIna pratiyoM meM kahIM ya zruti milatI hai (jaise titthayara ), kahIM nahIM bhI milatI hai (jaise AaaNaM), kahIM ya zruti ke sthAna meM 'i' kA prayoga dekhane meM AtA hai (jaise cayaM ke sthAna para caI), kahIM hrasva svara kA prayoga (jaise gutta), aura kahIM hrasva svara ke badale dIrgha svara kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai (jaise gotta) / ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da, pa, ya aura va kA prAyaH lopa ho jAtA hai (siddhahema, 8.1.177), tathA kha, gha, dha, aura bha ke sthAna meM ha ho jAtA hai (siddhahema 8.1.187), ina niyamoM kA bhI pAlana prAcIna prAkRta granthoM meM dekhane meM nahIM aataa|' kitanI hI bAra bAda meM honevAle AcAryoM ne zabdoM ke prayogoM meM aneka parivartana kara DAle / prAcIna prAkRta ke sAtha inakA saMbaMdha kama ho gayA, aisI hAlata meM apane vaktavya ko pAThakoM athavA zrotAoM ko samajhAne ke liye unheM bhASA meM pheraphAra karanA pdd'aa| abhayadeva aura malayAgiri Adi TIkAkAroM kI TIkAoM meM bhASAsambandhI yaha pheraphAra spaSTa lakSita hotA hai| jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA aura bauddhasUtroM kI pAlibhASA ke eka hI pradeza aura kAla . .. muni puNyavijaya jI se jJAta huA hai ki bhagavatIsUtra Adi kI hastalikhita prAcIna pratiyoM meM mahAvIre ke sthAna para madhAvIre aura devehiM ke sthAna para devebhiM Adi pATha milate haiN| .. 2. muni puNyavijayajI ne AgamoM kI prAcInatama hastalikhita pratiyoM meM bhASA aura prayoga kI pracura vividhatAyeM pAye jAne kA ullekha bRhatkalpasUtra, chaThe bhAga kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 57 para kiyA hai| tathA dekhiye unakI kalpasUtra ( sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda) kI prastAvanA pRSTha 4-6, unhIM kI aMgavijjA kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 8-11 /

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kI upaja hote hue bhI donoM meM itanA antara kaise ho gayA, yaha eka bar3A rocaka viSaya hai jisakA svataMtra rUpa se adhyayana karane kI AvazyakatA hai / jo kucha bhI ho, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nizItha, vyavahAra aura bRhatkalpasUtra Adi AgamoM meM bhASA kA jo svarUpa dikhAI detA hai, vaha kAphI prAcIna hai| durbhAgya se ina sUtroM ke saMzodhita saMskaraNa abhItaka prakAzita nahIM hue, aisI dazA meM pATana aura jaisalamera ke prAcIna bhaMDAroM meM pAI jAnevAlI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM bhASA kA jo rUpa upalabdha hotA hai, vahI jaina AgamoM kI prAkRta kA prAcInatama rUpa samajhanA cAhiye / AgamoM kA mahatva isameM sandeha nahIM ki mahAvIranirvANa ke pazcAt 1000 varSa ke dIrghakAla meM Agama sAhitya kAphI kSatigrasta ho cukA thA | dRSTivAda nAma kA bArahavA~ aMga lupta ho gayA thA, dogiddhadasA, dIhadasA, baMdhadasA, saMkhevitadasA aura paNhavAgaraNa nAma kI dazAyeM vyucchinna ho gaI thIM, tathA kAlika aura ukkAlika zruta kA bahuta sA bhAga naSTa ho gayA thaa| AcArAMga sUtra kA mahApariNNA adhyayana tathA mahAnizItha aura dasa prakIrNakoM kA bahuta-sA bhAga vismRta kiyA jA cukA thaa| jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, 1. bRhatkalpabhASya kI vikrama saMvat kI 12vIM zatAbdI kI likhI huI eka hastalikhita prati pATaNa ke bhaMDAra meM maujUda hai| isa sUcanA ke liye puNyavijaya jI kA AbhArI huuN| 2. vinTaranIz2a Adi vidvAnoM ne AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika Adi prAcIna jaina sUtroM kI padyAtmaka bhASA kI dhammapada Adi kI bhASA se tulanA karate hue, gadyAtmaka bhASA kI apekSA use adhika prAcIna mAnA hai| dekhiye prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 29 / ____3. anupalabdha AgamoM kI eka sAtha dI huI sUcI ke liye dekhiye, prophesara hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA, bhAgamonuM digdarzana, pRSTha 198 206 /

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praznavyAkaraNa, antakRddazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, sUryaprajJapti aura candraprajJapti meM AmUla parivartana ho gayA thA, tathA jJAtRdharmakathA, vyAkhyAprajJapti aura vipAkasUtra Adi ke parimANa meM hrAsa ho gayA thA / tAtparya yaha hai ki aneka sUtra galita ho cuke the, vRddha sampradAya aura paramparAyeM naSTa ho gaI thIM tathA vAcanAoM meM itanI adhika viSamatA A gaI thI ki sUtrArtha kA spaSTIkaraNa kaThina ho gayA thA / AgamoM ke nAmoM aura unakI saMkhyA taka meM matabheda ho gaye the | rAyapaseNaiya ko koI rAjapraznIya, koI rAjaprasenakIya aura koI rAjaprasenajit nAma se ullikhita karate the| sampradAya ke vicchinna ho jAne se TIkAkAra vajI (vajI licchavI) kA artha indra ( vajraM asya astIti ), kAzyapa (mahAvIra kA gotra) kA artha ikSurasa kA pAna karanevAle (kAzaM ucchaM tasya vikAraH kAsyaH rasaH sa yasya pAnaM sa kAzyapaH) aura vaizAlIya (vaizAlI ke rahanevAle mahAvIra) kA artha vizAlaguNasaMpanna ( 'vesAlIe' guNA asya vizAlA iti vaizAlIyAH) karane lage the| varNana-praNAlI meM punarukti bhI yahA~ khUba pAI jAtI hai; 'jAva' (yAvat ) zabda se jahA~-tahA~ isakA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| lekina yaha saba hote hue bhI jo Agama-sAhitya avazeSa bacA hai, vaha kisI bhI hAlata meM upekSaNIya nahIM hai| isa vizAlakAya sAhitya meM prAcInatama jaina paramparAyeM, anuzrutiyA~, lokakathAyeM, tatkAlIna rIti-rivAja, dharmopadeza kI paddhatiyA~, AcAra-vicAra, saMyama-pAlana kI vidhiyA~ Adi anekAneka viSaya ullikhita haiM jinake adhyayana se tatkAlIna sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rAjanItika avasthAoM para prakAza par3atA hai, tathA jainadharma ke vikAsa kI truTita zRMkhalAyeM jor3I jA sakatI haiM / udAharaNa ke liye, vyAkhyAprajJapti meM mahAvIra kA tattvajJAna, unakI ziSya 1. pAli-tripiTaka meM 'jAva' ke sthAna meM 'peyyAlaM' (pAtuM alaM) zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai|

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AgamA kA mahatva paraMparA, tatkAlIna rAje-mahArAje tathA anya tIrthakoM ke mata-matAntaroM kA vivecana hai| kalpasUtra meM mahAvIra kA vistRta jIvana, unakI vihAra-caryA aura jaina zramaNoM kI sthavirAvalI upalabdha hotI hai | kaniSka rAjA ke samakAlIna mathurA ke jaina zilAlekhoM meM isa sthavirAvalI ke bhinna-bhinna gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jJAtRdharmakathA meM nirgrathapravacana kI udbodhaka aneka bhAvapUrNa kathA-kahAniyoM, upamAoM aura dRSTAntoM kA saMgraha hai jisase mahAvIra kI sarala upadezapaddhati para prakAza par3atA hai / AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura dazavakAlika sUtroM ke adhyayana se jaina muniyoM ke saMyamapAlana kI kaThoratAkA paricaya prApta hotA hai / DAkTara vinTaranIz2a ne isa prakAra ke sAhitya ko zramaNa-kAvya nAma diyA hai jisakI tulanA mahAbhArata tathA bauddhoM ke dhammapada aura suttanipAta Adi se kI gaI hai| rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama aura prajJApanA Adi sUtroM meM vAstuzAstra, saMgIta, nATya, vividha kalAyeM, prANivijJAna, vanaspativijJAna Adi aneka viSayoM kA vivecana milatA hai| chedasUtra to AgamasAhitya kA prAcInatama mahAzAstra hai jisameM nirgrantha zramaNoM ke AhAra-vihAra, gamanAgamana, roga-cikitsA, vidyA-maMtra, svAdhyAya, upasarga, durbhikSa, mahAmArI, tapa, upavAsa, prAyazcitta Adi se sambandha rakhanevAlI vipula sAmagrI bharI par3I hai jisake adhyayana se tatkAlIna samAja kA eka sajIva citra sAmane A jAtA hai| bRhatkalpasUtra meM ullekha hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba sAketa ke subhUmibhAga udyAna meM vihAra kara rahe the to unhoMne apane bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko pUrva dizA meM aMga-magadha taka, dakSiNa meM kauzAMbI taka, pazcima meM thUNA (sthAnezvara) taka tathA uttara meM kuNAlA (uttarakosala ) taka vihAra karane kA Adeza diyA / itane hI kSetra ko usa samaya unhoMne jaina zramaNoM ke vihAra karane yogya mAna kara Arya kSetra ghoSita kiyA thA / nissandeha isa sUtra ko mahAvIra jitanA hI prAcIna mAnanA cAhiye / bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se bhI prAkRta

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhASA kA yaha prAcInatama sAhitya atyaMta upayogI aura mahattvapUrNa hai| AgamoM kA kAla mahAvIra ne apane gaNadharoM ko Agama-siddhAMta kA upadeza diyA, ataeva AgamoM ke kucha aMza ko mahAvIrakAlIna mAnanA hogA| avazya hI yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki Agama kA kauna-sA aMza unakA sAkSAt upadeza hai aura kauna sA nhiiN| bahuta-kucha to maulika AdhAroM ko sAmane rakhakara athavA deza-kAla kI paristhiti ko dekhate hue bAda meM nirmita kiyA gayA hogA / AgamoM kA koI AlocanAtmaka saMskaraNa na hone ke kAraNa yaha kaThinAI aura bar3ha jAtI hai / vastutaH AgamoM kA samaya nirdhArita karane ke liye pratyeka Agama meM pratipAdita viSaya aura usakI varNana-zailI Adi kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hai / AgamoM kA aMtima saMkalana IsavI san kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM nirdhArita huA, ataeva inakA aMtima samaya yahI svIkAra karanA hogA | isa sAhitya meM sAmAnyatayA aMga, mUlasUtra aura chedasUtra viSaya aura bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se prAcIna mAlUma hote haiM, tatpazcAt upAMga, prakIrNaka, tathA naMdI aura anuyogadvAra kA nAmollekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| IsavI sana kI 17vIM zatAbdI taka ina granthoM para . anekAneka TIkA-TippaNiyA~ likhI jAtI rhiiN| dvAdazAMga jaina zAstroM meM sabase prAcIna grantha aMga haiN| inheM veda bhI kahA gayA hai' (brAhmaNoM ke prAcInatama zAstra bhI veda kahe jAte haiN)| ye aMga vAraha haiM, isaliye inheM dvAdazAMga kahA jAtA hai / dvAdazAMga kA dUsarA nAma gaNipiTaka hai (bauddhoM ke prAcInazAstra 1. duvAlasaMgaM vA pravacanaM vedo ( AcArAMgacUrNI, 5, 185) /

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AyAraMga ko tripiTaka kahA gayA hai)| ye aMga mahAvIra ke gaNadhara sudharmA svAmIracita mAne jAte haiN| bArahaveM aMga kA nAma dRSTivAda hai jisameM caudaha pUrvo kA samAveza hai| yaha lupta ho gayA hai, isaliye Ajakala gyAraha hI aMga upalabdha haiN| ina aMgoM ke viSayoM kA varNana samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM diyA huA hai / AyAraMga (AcArAMga) AcArAMga sUtra' kA dvAdaza aMgoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, isaliye ise aMgoM kA sAra kahA hai | sAmayika nAma se bhI isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA isameM vistAra se varNana hai| isameM do zrutaskaMdha haiN| prathama zrutaskaMdha meM nau adhyayana haiM jo baMbhacera (brahmacarya) kahalAte haiM / inameM 44 uddezaka haiM / dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM 16 adhyayana haiM jo tIna cUlikAoM meM vibhakta haiN| donoM ke viSaya aura varNanazailI dekhakara jAna par3atA hai ki pahalA zrutaskaMdha dUsare kI apekSA adhika maulika aura prAcIna hai / mUla meM pahalA hI zrutaskaMdha thA, bAda meM bhadrabAhu dvArA AcArAMga para niyukti likhate samaya isameM AyAragga ( cUlikA) lagA diye gace / AcArAMga kI gaNanA prAcInatama jaina sUtroM meM kI jAtI hai| yaha gadya aura padya donoM meM hai| kucha gAthAyeM anuSTup chaMda meM haiN| isakI bhASA prAcIna prAkRta kA namUnA hai | isa sUtra para bhadrabAhu ne niyukti, jinadAsagaNi ne cUrNI aura zIlAMka (IsavI san 876) ne TIkA likhI hai | zIlAMka kI TIkA gaMdhahastikRta zatraparijJA vivaraNa ke anusAra likhI gaI hai| jinahaMsa 1. niyukti aura zIlAMka kI TIkA sahita Agamodaya samiti dvArA san 1935 meM prakAzita / isakA prathama zrutaskaMdha vAlTara zUbiMga dvArA saMpAdita hokara liz2aga meM san 1910 meM prakAzita huaa| 1. aMgANaM kiM sAro ? AyAro / AcArAMga 1.1 kI bhUmikA / 3. nAyAdhammakahAo, adhyayana 5 /

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__ prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ne isa para dIpikA likhI hai| harmana jaikobI ne sekreDa buksa oNva da IsTa ke 22veM bhAga meM isakA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai aura isakI khojapUrNa prastAvanA likhI hai| ___ zastraparijJA nAma ke prathama adhyayana meM pRthvIkAya Adi jIvoM kI hiMsA kA niSedha hai / lokavijaya adhyayana meM apramAda, ajJAnI kA svarUpa, dhanasaMgraha kA pariNAma, AzA kA tyAga, pApakarma kA niSedha Adi kA pratipAdana hai| mRtyu se hara koI DaratA hai, isa sambandha meM ukti hai : natthi kAlassa NAgamo / savve pANA piyAuyA, suhasAyA, dukkhapaDikUlA, appiyavahA, piyajIviNo jIviukAmA / savvesiM jIviyaM piyN| -mRtyu kA AnA nizcita hai | saba prANiyoM ko apanAapanA jIvana priya hai, sabhI sukha cAhate haiM, duHkha koI nahIM cAhatA, maraNa sabhI ko apriya hai, sabhI jInA cAhate haiN| pratyeka prANI jIvana kI icchA rakhatA hai, sabako jIvita rahanA acchA lagatA hai| zItoSNIya adhyayana meM virakta muni kA svarUpa, samyakadarzI kA lakSaNa aura kaSAya-tyAga Adi kA pratipAdana hai| muni aura amuni ke sambandha meM kahA hai : suttA amuNI, sayA muNiNo jAgaraMti / ' arthAt amuni sote haiM aura muni sadA jAgate haiN| 1. milAiye theragAthA ( 193) ke sAtha na tAva. supitaM hoti rattinakkhattamAlinI / paTirajaggitumevesA ratti hoti vijAnatA // -nakSatroM se bharI yaha rAta sone ke liye nahIM / jJAnI ke liye yaha rAta jAgakara dhyAna karane yogya hai| itivRttaka, jAgariyamutta (47) aura bhagavadgItA (2-69) bhI dekhiye|

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AyAraMga rati aura arati meM samabhAva rakhane kA upadeza dete hue kahA hai: kA araI ? ke ANaMde ? itthaMpi aggahe care | savvaM hAsaM parizcajja AlInagutto parivvae / -kyA arati hai aura kyA Ananda hai ? inameM Asakti na rakha kara saMyamapUrvaka vicaraNa kre| saba prakAra ke hAsya kA parityAga kare, tathA mana, vacana aura kAyA kA gopana karake saMyama kA pAlana kre| samyaktva adhyayana meM tIrthaMkarabhASitadharma, ahiMsA, dehadamana, saMyama kI sAdhanA Adi kA vivecana hai| yahA~ deha ko kRza karane, mAMsa aura zoNita ko sukhAne tathA AtmA ko damana karane kA upadeza hai| lokasAra adhyayana meM kuzIla-tyAga, saMyama meM parAkrama, cAritra, tapa Adi kA prarUpaNa hai | bAhya zatruoM se yuddha karane kI apekSA abhyantara zatru se jUjhanA hI zreSTha batAyA hai| indriyoM kI uttejanA kama karane ke liye rUkhA-sUkhA AhAra karanA, bhUkha se kama khAnA, eka sthAna para kAyotsarga se khar3e rahanA aura dUsare gA~va meM bihAra karane kA upadeza hai| itane para bhI indriyA~ yadi vaza meM na hoM to AhAra kA sarvathA tyAga kara de, kintu striyoM ke prati mana ko caMcala na hone de| dhUta adhyayana meM parISaha-sahana, prANihiMsA, dharma meM rati Adi vividha viSayoM kA vivecana hai| muni ko upadhi kA tyAga karane kA upadeza dete hue kahA hai ki jo muni alpa vastra rakhatA hai athavA sarvathA vastrarahita hotA hai, use yaha cintA nahIM hotI ki usakA vana jIrNa ho gayA hai, use nayA vastra lAnA hai| acela muni ko kabhI tRNa-sparza kA kaSTa hotA hai, kabhI garmI-sardI kA aura kabhI daMzamazaka kA, lekina ina saba kaSToM ko vaha yahI soca kara sahana karatA hai ki isase usake karmoM kA bhAra halakA ho rahA hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ___ mahAparijJA nAmaka adhyayana vyucchinna hai, isaliye upalabdha nahIM hai / vimokSa adhyayana meM parISaha-sahana, vastradhArI kA AcAra, vastratyAga meM tapa, saMlekhanA kI vidhi, samAdhimaraNa Adi kA pratipAdana hai| parISaha sahana karane kA upadeza dete hue kahA hai ki yadi zIta se kAMpate hue kisI sAdhu ko dekhakara koI gRhastha pUche-'he AyuSman ! Apako kAma to pIr3A nahIM detA ?' to uttara meM sAdhu kahatA hai-'mujhe kAma pIr3A nahIM detA, lekina zIta sahana karane kI mujha meM zakti nahIM hai|' aisI hAlata meM yadi gRhastha usake liye agni jalAkara usake zarIra ko uSNatA pahu~cAnA cAhe to sAdhu ko agni kA sevana karanA yogya nhiiN| AhAra karane ke saMbaMdha meM Adeza hai ki bhikSu-bhikSuNI bhojana karate hue AhAra ko vAMye jabar3e se dAMye jabar3e kI ora, aura dAMye jabar3e se bAMye jabar3e kI ora na le jAyeM, balki binA svAda liye hue hI use nigala jAyeM / yadi daMzamazaka Adi jIva-jantu sAdhu ke mAMsa aura rakta kA zoSaNa kareM to sAdhu unheM rajoharaNa Adi dvArA dUra naM kare / aise samaya yahI vicAra kare ki ye jIva kevala mere zarIra ko hI hAni pahu~cAte haiM, merA svataH kA kucha nahIM bigAr3a skte| __ upadhAna-zruta adhyayana meM mahAvIra kI kaThora sAdhanA kA varNana hai| lAr3ha deza meM jaba ve vajabhUmi aura subbhabhUmi nAmaka sthAnoM meM vihAra kara rahe the to unheM aneka upasarga sahana karane par3e lAhiM tassuvassaggA bahave jANavayA lUsiMsu / aha lUhadesie bhatte kukkurA tattha hiMsisu niviNsu|| appe jaNe nivArei lUsaNae suNae dasamANe / chucchukAriMti AhaMsu samaNaM kukkurA dasaMtu tti // lAr3ha deza meM vicarate hue mahAvIra ne aneka upasarga sahe / vahA~ ke nivAsI unheM mArate aura dA~toM se kATa lete / AhAra

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AcArAMga bhI unheM rUkhA-sUkhA hI milatA | vahA~ ke kutte unheM bahuta kaSTa dete / ' koI ekAdha vyakti hI kuttoM se unheM bacAtA | chU-chU karake ve kuttoM ko kATane ke liye mahAvIra para chor3ate / phira uvasaMkamaMtamapaDinnaM gAmantiyammi appattaM / paDinikkhamittu lUsiMsu eyAo paraM palehitti // hayapuvo tattha daMDeNa aduvA muTThiNA adu kuntaphaleNa / adu leluNA kavAleNa hantA hantA bahave kaMdisu // maMsANi chinnapuvvANi uTThabhiyA egayA kAyaM / parIsahAI luMciMsu aduvA paMsuNA uvakariMsu // uccAliya nihaNiMsu aduvA AsaNAu khalaiMsu / vosaTThakAya paNayA'sI dukkhasahe bhagavaM apaDinne // -bhojana yA sthAna ke liye Ate hue mahAvIra jaba kisI grAma ke pAsa pahu~cate to grAmavAsI gA~va se bAhara Akara unheM mArate aura vahA~ se dUra cale jAne ke liye kahate | ve loga DaMDe, muSTi, bhAle kI noMka, miTTI ke Dhele athavA kaMkar3a-patthara se mArate aura bahuta zora macAte / kitanI hI bAra ve unake zarIra kA mAMsa noMca lete, zarIra para AkramaNa karate aura aneka prakAra ke kaSTa dete | ve unake Upara dhUla barasAte, Upara uchAlakara unheM nIce paTaka dete aura Asana se girA dete / lekina zarIra kI mamatA chor3akara sahiSNu mahAvIra apane lakSya ke prati acala rhte| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke piDaiSaNA adhyayana meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke AhAra-saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA vistRta varNana hai| pitRbhojana, indra Adi mahotsava athavA saMkhaDi (bhoja) ke avasara para 1. Ajakala bhI choTA nAgapura DivIz2ana aura usake AsapAsa ke pradezoM meM kuttoM kA bahuta upadrava hai| 2. saMkhaDi ke liye dekhiye bRhatkalpabhASya 3, 3148, pRSTha 881891; jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA aija DipikTeDa 4prA0 sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa upasthita hokara sAdhuoM ko bhikSA grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| mArga meM yadi sthANu, kaMTaka, kIcar3a Adi par3ate hoM to bhikSA ke liye gamana na kare / bahuta asthivAle mAMsa aura bahuta kAMTevAlI machalI ke bhakSaNa karane ke saMbaMdha meM carcA kI gaI hai| zayyA adhyayana meM vasati ke guNa-doSoM aura gRhastha ke sAtha rahane meM laganevAle doSoM kA vivecana hai / IryA adhyayana meM muni ke vihArasaMbaMdhI niyamoM kA prarUpaNa hai| bhikSu-bhikSuNI ko deza kI sImA para rahanevAle akAlacArI aura akAlabhakSI dasyu, mleccha aura anAryoM Adi ke dezoM meM vihAra karane kA niSedha hai| jahA~ koI rAjA na ho, gaNarAjA hI saba kucha ho, yuvarAja rAjya kA saMcAlana karatA ho, do rAjAoM kA rAjya ho, paraspara virodhI rAjya hoM, vahA~ gamana karane kA niSedha hai| nAva para baiThakara nadI Adi pAra karane ke saMbaMdha meM niyama batAye haiN| nAva meM yAtrA karate samaya yadi yAtrI kahe ki isa sAdhu se nAva bhArI ho gaI hai, isaliye ise pakar3a kara pAnI meM DAla do to yaha sunakara sAdhu apane cIvara ko acchI taraha bA~dhakara apane sira para lapeTa le / unase kahe ki Apa loga mujhe isa taraha se na pheMkeM, maiM svayaM pAnI meM utara jaauuNgaa| yadi ve phira bhI . pAnI meM DAla hI deM to roSa na kare / jala ko taira kara pAra karane meM asamartha ho to upadhi kA tyAga kara kAyotsarga kare, anyathA kinAre para pahu~ca kara gIle zarIra se baiThA rahe / jala yadi jaMghA se pAra kiyA jA sakatA ho to jala ko AloDana karatA huA na jAye | eka paira ko jala meM rakha aura dUsare ko Upara uThAkara nadI Adi pAra kre| ina jaina kainansa, pRSTha 239-240 / majijhamanikAya (1,448) meM ise saMkhati kahA hai| 1. avAriya jAtaka (376) pRSTha 230 ityAdi meM bhI isa taraha ke ullekha pAye jAte haiN|

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sUtrakRtAMga 400051 : bhASAjAta adhyayana meM bhASAmacI agavicAroM kA varNana hai| vasvaiSaNA adhyayana meM muni saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA ullekha hai| bhikSu-bhikSuNI ko unhIM vastroM kI yAcanA karanA cAhiye jo pheMkane lAyaka haiM tathA jinakI zramaNa, brAhmaNa, vanIpaka' Adi icchA nahIM karate / pAtraiSaNA adhyayana meM pAtrasaMbaMdhI niyamoM kA vidhAna hai| avagrahapratimA adhyayana meM upAzrayasaMbaMdhI niyama batAye haiM | Ama, gannA aura lahasuna ke bhakSaNa karane ke saMbaMdha meM niyamoM kA vidhAna hai| ye sAta adhyayana prathama cUlikA (pariziSTa) ke aMtargata Ate haiN| - dUsarI cUlikA meM bhI sAta adhyayana haiM / sthAna adhyayana meM sthAnasaMbaMdhI, nizIthikA adhyayana meM svAdhyAya karane ke sthAnasaMbaMdhI, aura uccAraNa-prazravaNa adhyayana meM mala-mUtra kA tyAga karanesaMbaMdhI niyamoM kA vidhAna hai| tatpazcAt zabda, rUpa aura parakriyA (karmabaMdhajanaka kriyA) saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA vivecana hai| yadi koI gRhastha sAdhu ke paira sAfa kare, paira meM se kA~TA nikAle, coTa laga jAne para malahama-paTTI Adi kare to sAdhu ko sarvathA udAsIna rahane kA upadeza hai| tIsarI cUlikA meM do adhyayana haiN| bhAvanA adhyayana meM mahAvIra ke caritra aura mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai| mahAvIracaritra kA upayoga bhadrabAhu ke kalpasUtra meM kiyA gayA hai / vibhukti adhyayana meM mokSa kA upadeza hai| sUyagaDaMga (sUtrakRtAMga) sUtrakRtAMga ko sUtagaDa, suttakaDa athavA sUyagaDaM nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai| svasamaya aura parasamaya kA bheda batAye jAne 1. AhAra Adi ke lobhI jo priya bhASaNa Adi dvArA bhikSA mA~gate haiM (piMDaniyukti, 444-445), sthAnAMga sUtra (323 a) meM zramaNa, brAhmaNa, kRpaNa, atithi aura zvAna ye pA~ca vanIpaka batAye gaye haiN| 2. niyukti tathA zIlAMka kI TIkA sahita Agamodaya samiti, baMbaI dvArA 1917 meM prakAzita / muni puNyavijayajI niyukti aura cUrNI sahita isakA saMpAdana kara rahe haiN|

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sUtrakRtAMga appege khudhiyaM bhikkhaM suNI DaMsati lUsae | tattha maMdA visIyaMti teupuTThA va pANiNo / / appege vai juMjaMti nagiNA piMDolagAhamA / muMDA kaMDUviNaTuMgA ujalA asamAhitA / / puTTho ya daMsamasaehiM taNaphAsamacAiyA / na me diThe pare loe jai paraM maraNaM siyA // appege paliyaMte siM cAro coro tti suvvayaM / baMdhaMti bhikkhuyaM bAlA kasAyavayaNehi ya / / tattha daMDeNa saMbIte muTThiNA adu phaleNa vA / nAtINaM saratI bAle itthI vA kuddhagAmiNI // -bhikSAcaryA meM akuzala, parISahoM se achUnA abhinava prabajita ziSya apane Apako tabhItaka zUra samajhatA hai jaba taka ki vaha saMyama kA sevana nahIM krtaa| jaba hemaMta Rtu meM bhayaMkara zIta sAre aMga ko ka~pAtI hai, taba maMda ziSya rAjyabhraSTa kSatriyoM kI bhA~ti viSAda ko prApta hote haiN| grISma Rtu ke bhISaNa abhitApa se AkrAMta hone para ve vimanaska aura pyAsa se vyAkula ho jAte haiN| usa samaya thor3e jala meM tar3apatI huI machalI kI bhA~ti ve viSAda ko prApta hote haiM . yadi koI kuttA Adi kara prANI bubhukSita sAdhu ko kATane lage to agni se jale hue prANI kI bhA~ti manda ziSya viSAda ko prApta hote haiN| koI loMga ina ke sAdhuoM ko dekhakara prAyaH tiraskArayukta vacana kahate haiM- 'ye naMge haiM, parapiDa ke abhilASI haiM, muMDita haiM, khujalI se inakA zarIra gala gayA hai, inake pasIne se badabU AtI hai aura ye kitane bIbhatsa haiM !" DA~sa-macchara se kaSTa pAtA huA aura tRNa-sparza ko sahana karane meM asamartha sAdhu ke mana meM kadAcit yaha vicAra A sakatA hai ki paraloka to maiMne dekhA nahIM, isaliye isa yAtanA se chuTakArA pAne ke liye maraNa hI zreyaskara hai / kucha ajJAnI puruSa ( anAryadezavAsI) bhramaNa karate hue bhikSuka ko dekhakara socate haiM"yaha guptacara hai, yaha cora hai," aura phira use bA~dha dete haiM, aura

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kaTuvacana kahakara dhikkArate haiN| DaMDe, ghUse, takhte Adi se ve usakI marammata karate haiM, aura taba krodha meM Akara ghara se nikala kara bhAganevAlI strI kI bhA~ti usa bhikSu ko bAra-bAra apane svajanoM kI yAda AtI hai| strIparijJA adhyayana meM batAyA hai ki sAdhuoM ko kisa prakAra strIjanya upasarga sahana karanA par3atA hai| kabhI sAdhu ke kisI strI ke vazIbhUta ho jAne para strI usa sAdhu ke sira para pAdaprahAra karatI hai, aura kahatI hai ki yadi tU merI jaisI sundara kezoMvAlI strI ke sAtha vihAra nahIM karanA cAhatA, to maiM bhI apane kezoM kA loMca kara ddaalNgii| vaha use apane pairoM ko racAne, kamara dabavAne, anna-jala lAne, tilaka aura A~khoM meM aMjana lagAne ke liye salAI tathA havA karane ke liye paMkhA lAne kA Adeza detI hai| bacce ke khelane ke liye khilaune lAne ko kahatI hai, usake kapar3e dhulavAtI hai, aura goda meM lekara use khilAne kA Adeza detI hai / naraka-vibhakti adhyayana meM naraka ke ghora duHkhoM kA varNana hai| vIrastuti adhyayana meM mahAvIra ko hastiyoM meM airAvaNa, mRgoM meM siMha, nadiyoM meM gaMgA aura pakSiyoM meM garur3a kI upamA dete hue loka meM sarvottama batAyA hai| kuzIlaparibhASA adhyayana meM kuzIla kA varNana hai| vIrya adhyayana meM vIrya kA prarUpaNa hai| dharma adhyayana meM matimAn mahAvIra ke dharma kA prarUpaNa hai| samAdhi adhyayana meM darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa rUpa samAdhi ko upAdeya batAyA hai| mArga adhyayana meM mahAvIrokta mArga ko sarvazreSTha pratipAdana karate hue ahiMsA Adi dharmoM kA prarUpaNa hai| samavasaraNa adhyayana meM kriyA, akriyA, vinaya aura ajJAnavAda kA khaNDana hai| yAthAtathya adhyayana meM uttama sAdhu Adi ke lakSaNa batAye haiN| graMtha adhyayana meM sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA varNana hai| jaise pakSI ke bacce ko DhaMka Adi mAMsAhArI pakSI mAra DAlate haiM, usI prakAra gaccha se nikale hue sAdhu ko pAkhaMDI sAdhu uThAkara le jAte haiM aura apane

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sUtrakRtAMga meM milA lete haiN| AdAna adhyayana meM strI-sevana Adi ke tyAga kA vidhAna hai| gAthA adhyayana meM mAhaNa ( brAhmaNa), zramaNa, bhikSu aura nimrantha kI vyAkhyA hai| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM sAta adhyayana haiN| puNDarIka adhyayana meM isa loka ko puSkariNI kI upamA dete hue tajjIvataccharIra, paMcamahAbhUta, Izvara aura niyativAdiyoM ke siddhAMtoM kA khaMDana: kiyA hai| sAdhu ko dUsare ke liye banAye hue, udgama, utpAda aura eSaNA doSoM se rahita, agni dvArA zuddha, bhikSAcarI se prApta, sAdhuveSa se lAye hue, pramANa ke anukUla, gAr3I ko calAne ke liye usake dhure para DAle jAnevAle tela kI bhA~ti tathA ghAva para lagAye jAnevAle lepa ke samAna, kevala saMyama ke nirvAha ke liye, bila meM praveza karate hue sA~pa kI bhA~ti, svAda liye binA hI, azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya ko grahaNa karanA caahiye| kriyAsthAna adhyayana meM teraha kriyAsthAnoM kA varNana hai| yahA~ bhauma, utpAda, svapna, aMtarIkSa, AMga, svara, lakSaNa, vyaMjana, strI-lakSaNa' Adi zAstroM kA ullekha hai| aneka prakAra ke daMDoM kA vidhAna hai| AhAraparijJAna adhyayana meM vanaspati, jalacara aura pakSiyoM Adi kA varNana hai| pratyAkhyAnakriyA adhyayana meM jIvahiMsA ho jAne para pratyAkhyAna kI AvazyakatA batAI gaI hai| AcArazrutAdhyayana meM sAdhuoM ke AcAra kA prarUpaNa hai| pApa, puNya, bandha, mokSa, sAdhu, asAdhu, aura loka, aloka Adi na svIkAra karane ko yahA~ anAcAra kahA hai| chaThe adhyayana meM gozAla, zAkyabhikSu, brAhmaNa, ekadaMDI aura hastitApasoM ke ___1. dIghanikAya (1, pR0 9) meM aMga, nimitta, uppAda, supina aura lakSaNa Adi kA ullekha hai / manusmRti (6-50 ) meM bhI utpAta, nimitta, nakSatra aura aMgavidyA kA nAma AtA hai| 2. ye loga apane bANa dvArA hAthI ko mArakara mahInoM taka usake mAMsa se apanA peTa bharate the| inakA kahanA thA ki isa taraha hama anya jIvoM kI hatyA se baca jAte haiN| dekhiye sUtrakRtAMga 206 / yahAM TIkA

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56 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa sAtha Ardraka muni kA saMvAda hai / vaNikoM (?vanIpakoM) ke saMbaMdha meM gozAla ke mukha se kahalAyA gayA hai vittesiNo mehuNasaMpagADhA te bhoyaNaTThA vaNiyA vayaMti / vayaM tu kAmesu ajjhovavannA aNAriyA pemarasesu giddhA / / -vaNika (vanIpaka) dhana ke anveSI, maithuna meM atyanta Asakta aura bhojana-prApti ke liye idhara-udhara cakkara mArA karate haiN| hama to unheM kAmAsakta, premarasa ke prati lAlAyita aura anArya kahate haiN| sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma nAlandIya hai| isa adhyayana meM varNita ghaTanA nAlandA meM ghaTita huI thI, isaliye isakA nAma nAlandIya pdd'aa| gautama gaNadhara nAlandA meM lepa gRhapati ke hastiyAma nAmaka vanakhaMDa meM Thahare hue the| vahA~ pArzvanAtha ke ziSya udakapeDhAlaputra ke sAtha unakA vAda-vivAda huA aura anta meM peDhAlaputra ne cAturyAma dharma tyAga kara paMca mahAvrata svIkAra kiye| ThANAMga ( sthAnAMga) sthAnAMga sUtra meM anya AgamoM kI bhA~ti upadezoM kA saMkalana nahIM, balki yahA~ sthAna arthAt saMkhyA ke krama se bauddhoM ke aMguttaranikAya kI bhA~ti loka meM pracalita eka se dama taka vastue~ ginAI gaI haiN| isa sUtra meM dasa adhyayanoM meM 783 sUtra haiN| isake TIkAkAra haiM abhayadevasUri ( IsavI san 1063), kAra ne bauddha sAdhuoM ko-hastitApasa kahA hai| lalitavistara (pR0 248) meM hastivrata tapasviyoM kA ullekha hai| 1. dIghanikAya (3, pRSTha 48 ityAdi) meM cAturyAma dharma kA ullekha hai| majjhimanikAya ke cUlasakuludAyisutta meM nigaNThanATaputta aura unake cAturyAma saMvara kA ullekha milatA hai| 2. dUsarI AvRtti, san 1937 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita /

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sthAnAMga jinhoMne AcArAMga, sutrakRtAMga aura dRSTivAda ko chor3akara zeSa nau aMgoM para TIkAyeM likhI haiM, isaliye ve navAMgavRttikAra kahe jAte haiN| abhayadeva ke kathana se mAlUma hotA hai ki sampradAya ke naSTa ho jAne se, zAstroM ke upalabdha na hone se, bahuta-sI bAtoM ko bhUla jAne se, vAcanAoM ke bheda se, pustaka azuddha hone se, sUtroM ke ati gaMbhIra hone se tathA jagaha-jagaha matabheda hone ke kAraNa viSayavastu ke pratipAdana meM bahuta-sI truTiyA~ raha gaI haiN|' phira bhI droNAcArya Adi ke sahayoga se unhoMne isa atha kI TIkA racI hai / nAgarSi ne isa para dIpikA likhI hai| prathama adhyayana meM eka saMkhyAvAlI vastuoM ko ginAyA hai| AtmA eka hai (ege aayaa)| dUsare adhyayana meM zrutajJAna ke aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa nAmaka do bhedoM kA pratipAdana hai| candra, sUrya aura nakSatroM ke svarUpa kA kathana hai| jambUdvIpa adhikAra meM jambUdvIpa kA svarUpa hai| tIsare adhyayana meM dAsa, bhRtaka aura sAjhedAra (bhAillaga) kI ginatI jaghanya puruSoM meM kI hai / mAtA-pitA, bhartI aura dharmAcArya ke upakAroM kA badalA dene ko duSkara kahA hai / magadha, varadAma aura prabhAsa nAmaka tIrthoM aura tIna prakAra kI pravrajyA kA ullekha hai / nigraMtha aura 1. satsaMpradAyahInatvAt sadUhasya viyogataH / sarvasvaparazAstrANAmadRSTerasmRtezca me // vAcanAnAmanekatvAt pustakAnAmazuddhitaH / sUtrANAmatigAMbhIryAnmatabhedAcca kutracit // khUNAni saMbhavantIha, kevalaM suvivekibhiH / siddhAnte'nugato yo'rthaH so'smAd prAyo na cetaraH // -(pRSTha 499 a Adi) 2. isa saMbaMdha meM dhammapada aTThakathA (23. 3, bhAga 1, pR0 7-13) meM eka mArmika kathA dI hai jisake hindI anuvAda ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, prAcIna bhArata kI kahAniyA~, pR0 5-9 /

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58 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nirgrathiniyoM ke tIna prakAra ke vastra aura pAtroM kA ullekha hai| vaidika zAstroM meM Rgveda, yajurveda aura sAmaveda aura kathAoM meM artha, dharma aura kAma kI carcA hai| paMDaka (napuMsaka ), vAtika, klIba, RNapIr3ita, rAjApakArI, dAsa Adi ko dIkSA ke ayogya batAyA hai|' cauthe adhyayana meM sarvaprANAtipAtaveramaNa, sarvamRSAvAveramaNa, sarvaadattAdAnaveramaNa, sarvabahiddhAdAnaveramaNa' ko cAturyAma dharma kahA hai| cAra pannattiyoM meM caMdapannattI, sUrapannattI, jaMbuddIvapannattI aura dIvasAgarapannattI kA tathA cAra prakAra ke hAthI, cAra naukara, cAra vikathA (strI, bhakta, deza, rAja) aura cAra mahApratipadAoM ( caitra, ASAr3ha, Azvina aura kArtika kI pratipadAoM ) kA ullekha hai / AjIvakoM ke cAra prakAra ke kaThora tapa kA aura cAra hetuoM meM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama kA ullekha hai / tatpazcAt cAra tIrthika, cAra pravrajyA, cAra 1. vinayapiTaka ke antargata mahAvagga meM upasaMpadA aura pravrajyA ke prakaraNa meM napuMsaka, dAsa aura RNadhArI Adi ko dIkSA ke ayogya 2. bahirdA-maithunaM parigrahavizeSaH AdAnaM ca parigrahaH tayordvandvaikaravamathavA AdIyata ityAdAnaM-parigrAhyaM vastu tacca dharmopakaraNamapi bhavatItyata Aha. bahistAt dharmopakaraNAd bahiryaditi, iha ca maithunaM parigrahe'ntarbhavati / 4. 1.ttiikaa| 3. hAthiyoM ke liye dekhiye sammohavinodinI aTakathA, pR0 397 / 4. yAjJavalkyasmRti (prakaraNa 14, pR0 249) meM aneka prakAra ke dAsoM kA ullekha hai / griyarsana ne bihAra pejenTa lAipha (pR0315) meM majUra, jana, banihAra, kamariyA, kamiyA~, cAkara, bahiyA aura caravAha ye naukaroM ke prakAra batAye haiN| 5. ugratapa, ghoratapa, ghRtAdirasaparityAga (rasanijjUhaNayA), aura jihvendriyprtisNliintaa| jainoM ke tapa se inakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| bauddhoM ke naMguTajAtaka meM bhI AjIvakoM kI tapasyA kA ullekha hai|

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sthAnAMga kRSi, cAra saMgha, cAra buddhi, cAra nATya, geya, mAlya aura alaMkAra Adi kA kathana hai| pA~caveM adhyayana meM pA~ca mahAvrata aura pA~ca rAjacihnoM kA ullekha hai| jAti, kula, karma, zilpa aura liMga ke bheda se pA~ca prakAra kI AjIvikA kA prarUpaNa hai| gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, erAvatI ( rAptI ) aura mahI' nAmaka mahAnadiyoM ke pAra karane kA niSedha hai, lekina rAjabhaya, durbhikSa, nadI meM pheMka diye jAne para athavA anAryoM kA AkramaNa Adi hone para isa niyama meM apavAda batAyA hai / isI prakAra varSAkAla meM gamana kA niSedha hai, lekina apavAda avasthA meM yaha niyama lAgU nahIM hotA | apavAda avasthA meM hastakarma, maithuna, rAtribhojana tathA sAgArika aura rAjapiMDa grahaNa karane kA kathana hai| sAdhAraNatayA nigraMtha aura nirgranthiniyoM ko sAtha meM rahane kA niSedha hai, lekina niprAthaniyoM ke kSiptacitta athavA yakSAviSTa avasthA ko prApta ho jAne para isa niyama kA ullaMghana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra nirgrathinI yadi pazu, pakSI Adi se saMtrasta ho, gaDDhe Adi meM gira par3e, kIcar3a meM pha~sa jAye, nAva para ArohaNa kare yA nAva para se utare to usa samaya acela nigraMtha sacela nirgrathinI ko avalaMbana de sakatA hai| AcArya yA upAdhyAya dvArA gaNa ko chor3akara jAne ke sambandha meM niyamoM kA ullekha hai| nigraMtha aura nigraMthiniyoM ke pA~ca prakAra ke vastra aura rajoharaNa kA ullekha hai| atithi, kRpaNa, brAhmaNa, zvAna aura zramaNa nAma ke pA~ca vanIpaka ginAye gaye haiN| bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se vAsupUjya, mallI, ariSTanemI, pAva aura mahAvIra ke kumAra 1. yaha nadI sArana (bihAra) jile meM bahakara sonapura meM gaMDaka meM mila jAtI hai| ATha mahIne yaha sUkhI rahatI hai| vinayapiTaka ke cullavagga (9. 1. 4) tathA milindapaNha (hindI anuvAda, pR0 144, 468) meM ina nadiyoM kA ullekha hai| 2. majjhimanikAya ke lakuTikopamasutta meM vikAla bhojana kA niSedha hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pravrajita hone kA ullekha hai / ' yamunA, sarayU, AvI ( erAvatI athavA acirAvatI), kosI aura mahI nAmaka nadiyA~ gaMgA meM, tathA zatadra, vipAzA, vitastA, erAvatI (rAvI) aura candrabhAgA sindhu nadI meM milatI haiM / chaThe adhyayana meM aMbaSTha, kalaMda, vedeha, vediga, harita, cuMcuNa nAmaka chaha Arya jAtiyoM, tathA ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, ikSvAku, NAya aura kaurava nAmaka chaha AryakuloM kA ullekha hai / sAtaveM adhyayana meM kAsava, gotama, vaccha, koccha, kosiya, maMDava aura vAsiha ina sAta mUla gotroM kA kathana hai| ina sAtoM ke avAntara bheda batAye gaye haiN| sAta mUla naya, sAta svara, sAta daMDanIti aura sAta ratnoM Adi kA ullekha hai| mahAvIra vajrarSabhanArAya saMhanana aura samacaturasra saMsthAna se yukta the tathA sAta rayaNI (muTThI bA~dha kara eka hAtha kA mApa) U~ce the| unake tIrtha meM jamAli, tiSyagupta, ASAr3ha, azvamitra, gaMga, SaDUlaka, rohagupta aura goSThAmahila nAmaka sAta nihnavoM kI utpatti * huii| AThaveM adhyayana meM pATha akriyAvAdI, ATha mahAnimitta 1. Avazyakaniyukti (243-244) meM kathana hai vIraM ariTanemi pAsaM malliM ca vAsupujaM ca / ee mottUNa jiNe avaselA Asi rAyANo // rAyakulesu pi jAyA visuddhavaMsesu khattiyakulesu / na ya isthiyAbhiseyA(?) kumAravAsaMmi pavvaiyA / muni puNyavijaya jI apane 20-9-1942 ke patra meM sUcita karate haiM ki yahAM icchiyAbhiseyA pATha hai, arthAt ina tIrthaMkaroM ne abhiSeka kI icchA nahIM kii| svayaM AcArya malayagiri ne isakA artha 'Ipsita abhiSeka kiyA hai| 2. gotroM ke liye dekhiye aMgavijjA ( adhyAya 25); manusmRti, (pRSTha 399, zloka 8-19, 32-9, 47-4); yAjJavalkya smRti (prakaraNa 1, pRSTha 28, zloka 91-95) /

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samavAyAMga aura ATha prakAra ke Ayurveda' kA ullekha hai| mahAvIra dvArA dIkSita ATha rAjAoM aura kRSNa kI ATha agramahiSiyoM kA nAmollekha hai| nauveM adhyayana meM navanidhi aura mahAvIra ke nau gaNoMgodAsa, uttarabalissaha, uddeha, cAraNa, uddavAtita, vissavAtita, kAmaDhiya, mANava aura koDita ke nAma haiN| dasaveM adhyayana meM dasa prakAra kI pravrajyA kA prarUpaNa hai / svAdhyAya na karane ke kAla kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dasa mahAnadiyoM, tathA caMpA, mathurA, vArANasI, zrAvastI, sAketa, hastinApura, kAMpilya, mithilA, kauzAMbI aura rAjagRha nAmakI dasa rAjadhAniyoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| dasa caitya vRkSoM meM Asattha, sattivanna, sAmali, uMbara, sirIsa, dahivanna, vaMjula, palAsa, vappa aura kaNNiyAra ko ginAyA hai / dRSTivAda sUtra ke dasa nAma ginAye haiM / dasa dazAoM meM kammavivAga, uvAsaga, aMtagaDa, aNuttarovavAya, AyAra, paNhavAgaraNa, baMdha, dogiddhi, dIha aura saMkheviya ko ginAyA hai, ina AgamoM ke avAntara adhyayanoM kA nAmollekha hai| aMtagaDa, aNuttarokvAya, AcAra, paNhavAgaraNa, dogiddhi tathA dIha Adi dazAoM meM ye adhyayana isI rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hote, jisakA mukhya kAraNa TIkAkAra ne AgamoM meM vAcanA-bheda kA honA batAyA hai| dasa AzcaryoM meM mahAvIra ke garbhaharaNa kI ghaTanA aura strI kA tIrthakara honA ginAyA gayA hai| samavAyAMga jaise sthAnAMga meM eka se lagAkara dasa taka jIva Adi ke sthAnoM kA prarUpaNa hai, isI prakAra isa sUtra meM eka se lagAkara 1. kumArabhRtya, kAyacikitsA, zAlAkya, zalyahatyA, jaMgolI (viSavighAtataMtra ), bhUtavidyA, kSArataMtra (vAjIkaraNa), rasAyana / tathA dekhiye aMgavijjA, adhyAya 50 / 2. dIghanikAya ke mahAparinivvANa sutta meM caMpA, rAjagRha, zrAvastI, sAketa, kauzAMbI aura vArANasI nAma ke mahAnagaroM kA ullekha hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kor3Akor3i saMkhyA taka kI vastuoM kA saMgraha (samavAya ) hai|' bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrSoM ke viSayoM kA varNana tathA brAhmI Adi aThAraha lipiyoM kA aura nandisUtra kA ullekha yahA~ milatA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki dvAdazAMga ke sUtrabaddha hone ke pazcAt yaha sUtra likhA gayA hai| abhayadeva sUri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| eka vastu meM AtmA, do meM jIva aura ajIva rAzi, tIna meM tIna gupti, cAra meM cAra kaSAya, pA~ca meM paMca mahAvrata, chaha meM chaha jIvanikAya, sAta meM sAta samuddhAta, ATha meM ATha mada, nau meM AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke nau adhyayana, dasa meM dasa prakAra kA zramaNadharma, dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSa, gyAraha meM gyAraha upAsaka pratimA, gyAraha gaNadhara, bAraha meM bAraha bhikSupratimA, teraha meM teraha kriyAsthAna, caudaha meM caturdaza pUrva, caturdaza jIvasthAna, caturdaza ratna, pandraha meM pandraha prayoga, solaha meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke solaha adhyayana, satraha meM satraha prakAra kA asaMyama, satraha prakAra kA maraNa, aThAraha meM aThAraha prakAra kA brahmacarya aura aThAraha lipiyoM Adi kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| aThAraha lipiyoM meM baMbhI (brAhmI), javaNI ( yavanAnI ) dosAuriyA, kharoTTiyA ( kharoSThI ) kharasAviyA (pukkharasAriyA ), paharAiyA, uccattariyA, akkhara 1. ahamadAbAda se san 1938 meM prakAzita / 2. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra ke Arambha meM brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| RSabhadeva kI putrI brAhmI ne isa lipi ko calAyA thaa| IsavI pUrva 500-300 taka bhArata kI samasta lipiyA~ brAhmI ke nAma se kahI jAtI thiiN| muni puNyavijaya, bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA, pRSTha 9 // . 3. IsavI pUrva 5vIM zatAbdI meM yaha lipi aramaIka lipi meM se nikalI hai, muni puNyavijaya, vahI, pRSTha 8 /

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samavAyAMga 63 puTThiyA, bhogavayatA, veNaiyA, NiyahaiyA, aMka, gaNiya, gaMdhavya, Adassa, mAhesara, dAmilI aura poliMdI lipiyA~ ginAI gaI haiN|' unnIsa vastuoM meM nAyAdhammakahAo ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke unnIsa adhyayana ginAye haiN| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM mahAvIra, neminAtha, pArzva, malli aura vAsupUjya ko chor3a kara zeSa unnIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko gRhastha prajita kahA hai| tatpazcAt bIsa asamAdhi , ke sthAna, ikkIsa zabala cAritra, bAIsa parISaha, dRSTivAda ke bAIsa sUtra Adi kA prarUpaNa hai| dRSTivAda ke bAIsa sUtroM meM kucha sUtroM kA trairAzika' / gozAlamata) sUtra paripATI ke anusAra kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke teIsa adhyayana, caubIsa devAdhideva ( tIrthaMkara), paccIsa bhAvanAyeM, sattAIsa anagAra ke guNa, unatIsa pApazruta-prasaMga Adi kA prarUpaNa hai / pApazrutoM meM bhauma, utpAta, svapna, aMtarIkSa, AMga, svara, vyaMjana aura lakSaNa ina aSTAMga nimittoM ko ginAyA hai| sUtra, vRtti aura vArtika ke bheda se ina zrutoM ke caubIsa bheda batAye haiN| inameM vikathAnuyoga, vidyAnuyoga, maMtrAnuyoga, yogAnuyoga aura anya tIrthika-pravRttAnuyoga ke milA dene se unatIsa bheda ho jAte haiN| tatpazcAt 1. lipiyoM ke liye dekhiye pannavaNA (1. 55 a); vizeSAvazyaka. bhASya (5. 464); haribhadra kA upadezapada; lAvaNyasamayagaNi, vimala prabaMdha (pRSTha 123); lacamIvallabha upAdhyAya, kalpasUtra TIkA; lalitavistara (pR0 125 ityAdi); muni puNyavijaya, citrakalpa, pRSTha 6; bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA, pRSTha 6-7; lalitavistara (pRSTha 125) meM 64 lipiyoM kA ullekha hai| 2. kalpasUtra ke anusAra Arya mahAgirI ke ziSya ne trairAzika mata kI sthApanA kI thii| 3. isase nimittasaMbaMdhI zAstra ke vistRta sAhitya hone kA patA lagatA hai / aSTAMga mahAnimitta zAstra ko pUrSoM kA aMga batAyA hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mohanIya ke tIsa sthAna, ikatIsa siddha Adi guNa, battIsa yogasaMgraha, teMtIsa AzAtanA, cauMtIsa buddhoM (tIrthaMkaroM) ke atizaya batAye gaye haiN| ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA yahA~ ullekha hai / yaha bhASA Arya, anArya tathA pazu-pakSiyoM taka kI samajha meM A sakatI thii| paiMtIsa satya vacana ke atizaya, uttarAdhyayana ke chattIsa adhyayana, cavAlIsa RSibhASita adhyayana, dRSTivAda sUtra ke chiyAlIsa mAtRkApada, brAhmI lipi ke chiyAlIsa mAtRkA. akSara, cauvana uttama puruSa, aMtima rAtri meM mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa pacapana adhyayana, bahattara kalA aura bhagavatI sUtra ke caurAsI sahasra padoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai| dvAdazAMga meM varNita viSaya kA kathana kiyA hai| dRSTivAda sUtra meM AjIvika aura trairAzika sUtra paripATI se ullikhita sUtroM kA kathana hai jisase AjIvika matAnuyAyiyoM kA jaina AcAra-vicAra ke sAtha ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| phira tIrthaMkaroM ke caityavRkSoM Adi kA ullekha hai| 1. makkhaligozAla ko bauddhasUtroM meM pUraNakassapa, ajitakesakaMbalI, pakudhakaccAyana, saMjaya belahiputta aura nirgaThanATaputta ke sAtha yazasvI tIrthaMkaroM meM ginAyA gayA hai / gozAlamata ke anuyAyI, jainoM kI bhA~ti paMcendriya jIva aura chaha lezyAoM ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karate haiN| ve loga uduMbara, pIpala, bar3a Adi phaloM aura kaMdamUla kA bhakSaNa nahIM karate, tathA aMgArakarma, vanakarma, zakaTakarma, bhATakarma, sphoTakakarma, daMtavANijya, lAkSAvANijya, kezavANijya, rasavANijya, viSavANijya, yaMtrapolanakarma, nilAMchanakarma, davAmidApana, sarovaradaha aura tAlAba kA zoSaNa tathA asatIpoSaNa ina 15 karmAdAnoM kA tyAga karate haiN| jaina AgamoM meM gozAlaka ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA devagati pAye jAne kA ullekha hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti ke anusAra gozAla mara kara devaloka meM utpanna huA tathA bhaviSya meM vaha mokSa kA adhikArI hogaa|

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' viyAhapaNNatti viyAhapaNNatti (vyAkhyAprajJapti) vyAkhyAprajJapti ko bhagavatIsUtra bhI kahA jAtA hai|' prajJapti kA artha hai prarUpaNa | jIvAdi padArthoM kI vyAkhyAoM kA prarUpaNa hone se ise vyAkhyAprajJapti kahA jAtA hai| ye vyAkhyAyeM praznottara rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI haiN| gautama gaNadhara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se jainasiddhAMtaviSayaka prazna pUchate haiM aura mahAvIra unakA uttara dete haiN| isa sUtra meM kucha itihAsa-saMvAda bhI haiM jinameM anya tIthiMkoM ke sAtha mahAvIra kA vAda-vivAda uddhata hai| isa sUtra ke par3hane se mahAvIra kI jIvana-saMbaMdhI bahuta-sI bAtoM kA patA calatA hai| mahAvIra ko yahA~ vesAliya (vaizAlI ke rahanevAle ) aura unake zrAvakoM ko besAliyasAvaya (vaizAlIya arthAt mahAvIra ke zrAvaka ) kahA gayA hai| aneka sthaloM para pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM ke cAturyAma dhama kA tyAga kara mahAvIra ke paMca mahAvratoM ko aMgIkAra karane kA ullekha hai jisase mahAvIra ke pUrva bhI nirgrantha pravacana kA astitva siddha hotA hai| gozAlaka ke kathAnaka se mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ke ghaniSTha saMbaMdha para prakAza par3atA hai| isake atirikta Arya skaMda, kAtyAyana, AnaMda, mAkaMdIputra, vajI videhaputra (kUNika) nau mallakI aura nau lecchakI, udayana, mRgAvatI, jayantI Adi mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM bahuta-sI bAtoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai| aMga, vaMga, malaya, mAlavaya, accha, vaccha, koccha, pAr3ha, lAr3ha, vaji, moli, kAsI, kosala, avAha aura saMbhuttara (sujhottara) ina solaha janapadoM kA ullekha yahA~ milatA hai| isake sivAya anya aneka aitihAsika, dhArmika evaM paurANika 1. abhayadeva kI TIkAsahita Agamodaya samiti dvArA san 1921 meM prakAzita; jinAgamapracAra sabhA ahamadAbAda kI ora se vi0 saM0 1979-1988 meM paM0 becaradAsa aura paM0 bhagavAnadAsa ke gujarAto anuvAdasahita cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita /

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prAkRta lAla 66 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa viSayoM kI carcA isa bRhat grantha meM pAI jAtI hai| pannavaNA, jIvAbhigama, ovavAiya, rAyapaseNaiya aura nandI Adi sUtroM kA bIca-bIca meM havAlA diyA gayA hai| viSaya ko samajhAne ke liye upamAoM aura dRSTAntoM kA yatheSTa upayoga kiyA hai| kahIM viSaya kI punarAvRtti bhI ho gaI hai| kisI uddezaka kA varNana bahuta vistRta hai, kisI kA bahuta saMkSipta | viSaya ke varNana meM kramabaddhatA bhI nahIM mAlUma hotI, aura kaI sthaloM para viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM hotaa| cUrNIkAra taka ko artha kI saMgati nahIM baitthtii| saba milAkara isa sUtra meM 41 zataka haiM, pratyeka zataka aneka uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai| abhayadevasUri ne isakI TIkA likhI hai jise unhoMne vikrama saMvat 1128 meM pATaNa meM likhakara samApta kiyA thaa| TIkAkAra ke kAla meM AgamoM kI aneka paraMparAyeM vicchinna ho cukI thIM, isaliye cUrNI' aura jIvAbhigama-vRtti Adi kI sahAyatA se saMzayagrasta mana se unhoMne yaha TIkA likhii| vAcanA-bheda ke kAraNa bhI kama kaThinAI nahIM huii| abhayadeva ke anusAra bhagavatIsUtra meM 36 hajAra prazna haiM aura 2 lAkha 88 hajAra pada / lekina samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra ke anusAra padoM kI saMkhyA krama se 84 hajAra aura 1 lAkha 44 hajAra batAI gaI hai| isa para . avacUrNI bhI hai / dAnazekhara ne laghuvRtti kI racanA kI hai| pahale zataka meM dasa uddezaka haiN| inameM karma, karmaprakRti,zarIra, lezyA, garbhazAstra, bhASA Adi kA vivecana hai, aura tIrthakoM ke matoM kA ullekha hai / brAhmI lipi ko yahA~ namaskAra kiyA hai| 1. muni puNyavijayajI se patA lagA ki vyAkhyAprajJapti kI eka ati laghu cUrNI prakAzita hone vAlI hai| 2. bhASAzAstra ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se pizala ne isa sUtra kI saMjJA aura dhAturUpoM ke adhyayana ko mahatvapUrNa batAyA hai| prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pR0 34 / 3. bahuta saMbhava hai ki jaina bhAgoM kI yaha lipi rahI ho|

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viyAhapaNNatti mahAvIra aura Aryaroha meM loka aloka ke saMbaMdha meM praznottara hote haiN| aMDe aura murgI meM pahale kauna paidA huA ? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA hai ki donoM pahale bhI haiM aura pIche bhI / mahAvIra ke ziSya aura pArzva ke anuyAyI Arya kAlAsavesiyaputta meM praznottara hote haiM aura kAlAsavesiyaputta cAturyAma dharma kA tyAga kara paMca mahAvrata svIkara karate haiN| dUsare zataka meM bhI dasa uddezaka haiN| yahA~ kAtyAyanagotrIya AryaskaMdaka parivrAjaka ke AcAra-vicAroM kA vistRta varNana hai| yaha parivrAjaka cAra vedoM kA sAMgopAMga vettA tathA gaNita, zikSA, AcAra, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, nirukta aura jyotiSazAstra kA paMDita thA / zrAvastI ke vaizAlikazrAvaka (mahAvIra ke zrAvaka ) piMgala aura skaMTaka parivrAjaka ke bIca loka Adi ke saMbaMdha meM praznottara hote haiN| anta meM skaMdaka mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara zramaNadharma meM dIkSA le lete haiM, aura vipula parvata para saMlekhanA dvArA deha tyAga karate haiN| tuMgikA nagarI ke zramaNopAsakoM kA varNana par3hiye tattha NaM tuMgiyAe nayarIe bahave samaNovAsayA parivaMsati aDDhA, dittA, vitthinnavipulabhavaNa-sayaNAsaNa-jANa vAhaNAiNNA, bahudhaNa-bahujAyasava-rayayA, Ayoga-payogasaMpauttA, vicchaDDiyavipuH labhatta-pANA, bahudAsI-dAsa-go-mahisa-gavelayappabhUyA, bahujaNassa aparibhUyA, abhigayajIvAjIvA, uvaladdhapuNNa-pAvA, Asava-saMvaranijjara-kiriyA-'hikaraNabaMdha-mokkhakusalA, asahejjadevAsuranAgasuvaraNa-jakkha-rakkhasa-kinnara-kiMpurusa-garula-gaMdhavva mahoragAIehiM devagaNehiM niggaMthAo pAvayaNAo aNatikamaNijjA, NiggaMthe pAvayaNe nissaMkiyA, nikaMkhiyA, nivitigicchA, laddhaTThA, gahiyaTThA, pucchiyaTThA, abhigayaTThA, viNicchiyaTThA, advimiMjapemANurAgarattA, ayamAuso ! niggaMthe pAvayaNe ar3he, ayaM paramaThe, sese aNaLe, asiyaphalihA, avaMguyaduvArA, ciyattateuragharappavesA bahUhiM sIlavvaya-guNa-veramaNa-paJcakkhANa-posaho-vavAsehiM cAuddasahamu-di-puNNamAsiNIsu paripuNNaM posahaM samma aNupAlemANA,

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa samaNe niggaMthe phAsu-esaNijjeNaM asaNapANakhAima-sAimeNaM, vastha-paDiggaha-kaMbala-pAyapuMchaNeNaM, pITha-phalaga-sejjAsaMthAraeNaM, osaha bhesajjeNaM paDilAbhemANA ahApaDiggahiehiM tavokamme hiM appANaM bhAvamANA viharati / -tuMgiyA nagarI meM bahuta se zramaNopAsaka rahate the| ve dhanasampanna aura vaibhavazAlI the| unake bhavana vizAla aura vistIrNa the, zayana, Asana, yAna, vAhana se ve sampanna the, unake pAsa puSkala dhana aura cA~dI-sonA thA, rupayA vyAja para car3hAkara ve bahuta-sA dhana kamAte the / aneka kalAoM meM nipuNa the / unake gharoM meM aneka prakAra ke bhojana-pAna taiyAra kiye jAte the, aneka dAsa-dAsI, gAya, bhaiMsa, bher3a Adi se ve samRddha the| ve jIvaajIva ke svarUpa ko bhalI bhA~ti samajhate aura puNya-pApa ko jAnate the, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, kriyA, adhikaraNa, baMdha aura mokSa ke svarUpa se avagata the / deva, asura, nAga, suvarNa, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kiMpuruSa, garur3a, gaMdharva, mahoraga Adi taka unheM nirgrantha pravacana se DigA nahIM sakate the| nirgrantha pravacana meM ve zaMkArahita, AkAMkSArahita aura vicikitsArahita the| zAstra ke artha ko unhoMne grahaNa kiyA thA, abhigata kiyA thA aura samajha-bUjhakara usakA nizcaya kiyA thaa| nirgrantha pravacana ke prati unakA prema unake roma-roma meM vyApta thaa| ve kevala eka nirgrantha pravacana ko chor3akara bAkI sabako niSprayojana mAnate the| unakI udAratA ke kAraNa unakA dvAra sabake liye khulA thaa| ve jisa kisI ke ghara yA antaHpura meM jAte vahA~ prIti hI utpanna karate / zIlavrata, guNavrata, viramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, proSadha aura upavAsoM ke dvArA caturdazI, aSThamI, amAvasa aura pUrNamAsI ke dina ve pUrNa proSadha kA pAlana karate / zramaNa nirgranthoM ko prAsuka aura grAhya azana, pAna, khAdya, svAdya, vastra, pAtra, kaMbala, pAdapoMchana: ( rajoharaNa ), Asana, phalaka (sone ke liye kATha kA takhtA), zayyA, saMstAraka, auSadha aura bheSaja se

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viyAhapaNNatti pratilAbhita karate hue ve yathA-pratigRhIta tapakarma dvArA Atma dhyAna meM lIna vihAra karate the| praznottara kI zailI dekhiye : tahArUvaM NaM bhate ! samaNaM vA mAhaNaM vA pajjubAsamANassa vA kiMphalA pajjuvAsaNA ? goyamA ! svnnphlaa| se NaM bhaMte ! savaNe kiM phale ? NANaphale / se NaM bhaMte ! NANe kiM phale ? vinnANaphale / se NaM bhaMte ! vinnANe kiM phale ? paJcakkhANaphale / se NaM bhaMte ! paJcakkhANe kiM phale ! sNjmphle| se NaM bhaMte ! saMyame kiM phale ? annehyphle| evaM aNaNhaye ? tvphle| tave? vodaannphle| se NaM bhaMte ! vodANe kiM phale ? . (vodANe) akiriyAphale / se NaM bhaMte ! akiriyA kiM phalA ? siddhipajjavasANaphalA pannattA goyamA ! - "he bhagavan ! zramaNa yA brAhmaNa kI paryupAsanA karane kA kyA phala hotA hai ?" ___"he gautama ! (sat zAstroM kA) zravaNa karanA usakA phala hai|" ... "zravaNa kA kyA phala hotA hai ?"

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so prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa "jJAna " "jJAna kA kyA phala hotA hai ?" "vijJAna / " "vijJAna kA kyA phala hotA hai ?" "prtyaakhyaan|" "pratyAkhyAna kA kyA phala hai ?" "sNym|" "saMyama kA kyA phala hai ?" "Asravarahita honaa|" "Asravarahita hone kA kyA phala hai ?" "tapa" "tapa kA kyA phala hai ?" "karmarUpa mala kA sApha krnaa|" "karmarUpa mala ko sApha karane kA kyA kala hai ?" "niSkriyatva / " "niSkriyatva kA kyA phala hai ?" "siddhi|" isI uddezaka (2.5) meM rAjagRha meM vaibhAraparvata ke mahAtapopatIraprabha nAmaka uSNa jala ke eka vizAla kueDa kA . ullekha hai|' tIsare zataka meM dasa uddezaka haiM / yahA~ tAmralipti (tAmaluka) ke nivAsI moriyaputra tAmalI kA ullekha hai| usane muMDita hokara prANAmA pravrajyA svIkAra kii| anta meM pAdopagamana anazana dvArA deha kA tyAga kiyaa| sabara, babbara, TaMkaNa Adi 1. bauddha sAhitya meM ise tapodA kahA gayA hai (vinayapiTaka 3, pRSTha 108 dIghanikAya aTThakathA 1, pRSTha 35) / Ajakala yaha tapovana ke nAma se prasiddha hai| 2. TaMkaNa mleccha uttarApatha ke rahane vAle the| ye bar3e durjaya the aura jaba Ayudha Adi se yuddha nahIM kara pAte the to bhAgakara parvata kI zaraNa

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viyAhapaNNatti mleccha jAtiyoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai| phira pUraNa gRhapati kI dAnAmA pravrajyA kA varNana hai| saMlekhanA dvArA bhakta-pAna kA tyAga karake usane devagati prApta kaa| isa prasaMga para devendra aura asurendra ke yuddha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| asurendra bhAga kara mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM gayA aura devendra ne apane vajra kA upasaMhAra kiyA / ' tIsare uddezaka meM samudra meM jvAra-bhATA Ane ke kAraNa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| cauthe aura pA~caveM zatakoM meM bhI dasa-dasa uddezaka haiN| pA~caveM zataka meM prazna kiyA gayA hai ki kyA zakradUta hariNegameSI garbhaharaNa karane meM samartha hai ? devoM dvArA ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM bole jAne kA ullekha hai| phira udyota aura aMdhakAra ke kAraNa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAtaveM zataka ke chaThe uddezaka meM avasarpiNI kAla ke duSamA-duSamA kAla kA vistRta varNana hai| mahAzilA kaMTaka aura rathamuzala saMgrAma kA ullekha hai| ina saMgrAmoM meM vajI videhaputra kUNika kI jIta huI aura 18 gaNarAjA hAra gaye / AThaveM zataka ke pA~caveM uddezaka meM AjIvikoM ke prazna prastuta kiye haiN| AjIvika sampradAya ke AcAra-vicAra kA yahA~ ullekha hai| nauveM zataka ke dUsare uddezaka meM candramA ke prakAza ke saMbaMdha meM carcA hai| battIsaveM uddezaka meM vANiyagAma (baniyA) ke gAMgeya nAmaka pArkhApatya dvArA pUche hue praznottaroM kI carcA hai| gAMgeya anagAra ne anta meM cAturyAya dharma kA lete the| tathA dekhiye sUtrakRtAMga (3.3.18), AvazyakacUrNI, pRSTha 120, vasudevahiNDI ( isa pustaka kA cauthA adhyAya ); bRhatkathAkoza (3.2), mahAbhArata (2.29.44, 3.142.24 ityAdi); jaranala oNva da yU0 pI0 hisTorikalaM sosAyaTI, jilda 17, bhAga 1, pRSTha 35 para DAkTara motIcanda kA lekha / 1. TokAkAra kA isa saMbaMdha meM kathana hai ki yahA~ kucha bhAga cUrNIkAra ko bhI avagata nahIM, phira vAcanAbheda ke kAraNa bhI artha kA nizcaya nahIM ho skaa|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tyAga kara pA~ca mahAvrata svIkAra kiye / teMtIsaveM uddezaka meM mAhaNa (baMbhaNa) kuMDaggAma ke RSabhadatta brAhmaNa aura devAnaMdA brAhmaNI kA ullekha hai| mahAvIra ke mAhaNakuMDaggAma meM samavasRta hone para RSabhadatta aura devAnaMdA unake darzana ke liye gye| mahAvIra ko dekhakara devAnaMdA ke stanoM meM se dUdha kI dhArA bahane lgii| yaha dekhakara gautama ne isa saMbaMdha meM prazna kiyaa| mahAvIra ne uttara diyA ki devAnaMdA usakI asalI mAtA hai aura ve unake putra haiM, putra ko dekhakara mAtA ke stanoM meM dUdha AnA svAbhAvika hai| anta meM donoM ne mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| mAhaNakuMDaggAma ke pazcima meM khattiyakuMDaggAma thaa| yahA~ mahAvIra kI jyeSTha bhaginI sudarzanA kA putra aura unako kanyA priyadarzanA kA pati jamAli nAma kA kSatriyakumAra rahatA thaa| vaha mahAvIra ke darzana karane gayA aura unake mukha se nigraMthapravacana kA zravaNa kara mAtA-pitA kI anumatipUrvaka usane pravrajyA grahaNa kara lii| kucha samaya bAda mahAvIra ke sAtha usakA matabheda ho gayA aura unase alaga hokara usane apanA svataMtra mata sthApita kiyA | gyArahaveM zataka meM aneka vanaspatiyoM kI carcA hai| isa zataka ke nauveM uddezaka meM hastinApura ke zivarAjarSi kA ullekha hai| inhoMne dizAprokSaka tApasoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, Age calakara mahAvIra ne inheM apanA ziSya banAyA / gyArahaveM zataka meM rAnI prabhAvatI ke vAsagRha kA suMdara varNana hai| rAnI svapna dekhakara rAjA se nivedana karatI hai| rAjA aSTAMganimittadhArI svapnalakSaNa-pAThaka ko bulAkara usase svapnoM kA phala pUchatA hai| use prItidAna se lAbhAnvita karatA hai| tatpazcAt nau mAsa vyatIna hone para rAnI putra ko janma detI hai| rAjya meM putrajanma utsava bar3I dhUmadhAma se manAyA jAtA hai| bArahaveM zataka ke dUsare uddezaka meM kauzAMbI ke rAjA udayana kI mAtA mRgAvatI aura jayaMtI Adi zramaNopAsikAoM kA ullekha hai| mRgAvatI aura jayaMtI ne mahAvIra ke pAsa unakA dharmopadeza zravaNa kiyaa| jayaMtI ne mahAvIra se aneka

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viyAhapaNNatti prazna kiye | usakA prazna thA-suptapanA acchA hai yA jAgRta. panA ? bhagavAn ne uttara meM kahA-"kucha logoM kA suptapanA acchA hai, kucha kA jAgRtapanA / " chaThe uddezaka meM rAhu dvArA candra ke grasita hone ke saMbaMdha meM prazna hai| dasaveM zataka meM AtmA ko kathaMcit jJAnasvarUpa aura kathaMcit ajJAnasvarUpa batAyA hai| terahaveM zataka ke chaThe uddezaka meM vItibhayanagara ( bherA, paMjAba meM ) ke rAjA udrAyaNa kI dIkSA kA ullekha hai| caudahaveM zataka ke sAtaveM uddezaka meM kevalajJAna kI aprApti se khinna hue gautama ko mahAvIra AzvAsana dete haiN| pandrahaveM zataka meM gozAla kI vistRta kathA dI huI hai jo bahuta mahatva kI hai| yahA~ mahAvIra ke Upara gozAla dvArA tejolezyA chor3e jAne kA ullekha hai jisake kAraNa pittajvara se mahAvIra ko khUna ke dasta hone lge| yaha dekhakara siMha anagAra ko bahuta duHkha huaa| mahAvIra ne use meM DhiyagrAmavAsI revatI ke ghara bhejA, aura kahA-"usane jo do kapota taiyAra kara rakkhe haiN| unheM maiM nahIM cAhatA, vahA~ jo parasoM ke dina anya mArjArakRta kukkuTamAMsa rakkhA hai, use le Ao" (duve kAvoyasarIrA uvakkhaDiyA tehiM no aho / asthi se anne pAriyAsie majjArakaDae kukkuDa: maMsae tamAharAhi ) / ' satrahaveM zataka ke pahale uddezaka meM 1. abhayadevasUri ne isa para TIkA karate hue likhA hai-"ityAdeH zrUyamANamevArtha kecinmanyante (kucha to zrUyamANa artha arthAt mAMsaparaka artha ko hI svIkAra karate haiM ) / anye svAhuH kapotakaH-pakSivizeSastadvad ye phale vargasAdhAtte kapote-kUSmAMDe, hasve kapote kapotake, te ca zarIre vanaspatijIvadehatvAt kapotakazarIre, athavA kapotakazarIre iva dhUsaravarNalAdhAdeva kapotazarIre kUpmAMDaphale eva te upasaMskRte-saMskRte (kucha kA kathana hai ki kapota kA artha yahA~ kUSmAMDa-kumhar3A karanA caahiy)| 'tehiM no aTo' tti bahu pAparavAt / 'pAriAsie'tti pArivAsitaM yastanamityarthaH / 'majArakaDae' ityAderapi kecit zrUyayANamevArtha manyante ('mArjArakRta' kA bhI kucha loga zrUyamANa artha hI mAnate haiM ) /

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74 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa udAyI hastI kA ullekha hai| aThArahaveM zataka ke dasaveM uddezaka meM vANijyagrAma ke somila nAmaka brAhmaNa ne mahAvIra se prazna kiyA ki sarasoM (sarisava) bhakSya hai yA abhakSya ? mahAvIra ne uttara diyA-bhakSya bhI hai, abhakSya bhii| yadi sarisava kA artha samAna vayavAle mitra liyA jAye to abhakSya hai, aura yadi dhAnya liyA jAye to bhakSya hai| phira AtmA ko eka rUpa, do rUpa, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita, tathA aneka, bhUta, vartamAna aura bhAvI pariNAmarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| bIsaveM zataka meM karmabhUmi, akarmabhUmi Adi tathA vidyAcAraNa Adi kI carcA hai| pazcIsaveM zataka ke chaThe uddezaka meM nigraMthoM ke prakAra batAye gaye haiM / tIsaveM zataka meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI kI carcA hai| nAyAdhammakahAo ( jJAtRdharmakathA ) jJAtRdharmakathA ko NAhadhammakahA athavA NANadhammakahA bhI kahA gayA hai / isameM udAharaNoM (nAya) ke sAtha dharmakathAoM (dhammakahA) kA varNana hai, isaliye ise nAyAdhammakahAo kahA jAtA hai / jJAtaputra mahAvIra kI dharmakathAoM kA prarUpaNa hone se bhI isa aMga ko ukta nAma se kahA hai| jJAtRdharmakathA jaina AgamoM kA eka prAcInatama aMga hai| isakI varNanazailI eka viziSTa anye tyAhuH-mArjAro . vAyuvizeSaH tadupazamanAya kRtaM saMskRtaM mArjArakRtaM (kucha kA kathana hai ki mArjAra koI vAyuvizeSa hai, usake upazamana ke liye jo taiyAra kiyA gayA ho vaha 'mArjArakRta' hai)| apare svAhuHmArjAro virAlikAbhidhAno vanaspativizeSastena kRtaM-bhAvitaM yattattathA / kiM tat ? ityAha kurkuTakamAMsaM bIjapUrakaM kaTAham (dUsaroM ke anusAra mArjAra kA artha hai virAlikA nAma kI vanaspati, usase bhAvita biijpuurbijauraa)| 'AharAhi'tti niravadyatvAt / pR0 692 a| tathA dekhiye ratilAla ema.zAha kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ane mAMsAhAra (pATaNa, 1959); muni nyAyavijayajI, bhagavAna mahAvIra nuM auSadhagrahaNa (pATaNa, 1959) / 1. Agamodaya samiti dvArA san 1919 meM prakAzita /

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nAyAdhammakahAo prakAra kI hai| vibhinna udAharaNoM, dRSTAntoM aura loka meM pracalita kathAoM ke dvArA bar3e prabhAvazAlI aura rocaka DhaMga se yahA~ saMyama, tapa aura tyAga kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ye kathAyeM eka-eka bAta ko spaSTa samajhAkara zanaiH zanaiH Age bar3hatI haiM, isaliye punarAvRtti bhI kAphI huI hai| kisI vastu athavA prasaMgavizeSa kA varNana karate hue samAsAMta padAvali kA bhI upayoga huA hai jo saMskRta lekhakoM kI sAhityika chaTA kI yAda dilAtA hai| isameM do zrutaskaMdha haiN| pahale zrutaskaMdha meM 16 adhyayana haiM aura dUsare meM 10 varga haiM / abhayadeva sUri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai jise droNAcArya ne saMzodhita kiyA hai| isa aMga kI vividha vAcanAoM kA ullekha abhayadeva ne kiyA hai| ___ pahalA utkSipta adhyayana hai / rAjagRha nagara ke rAjA zreNika kA putra abhayakumAra rAjamaMtrI ke pada para AsIna thA | eka bAra kI bAta hai ki rAnI dhAriNI garbhavatI huii| usane eka zubha svapna dekhA jo putrotpatti kA sUcaka thaa| kucha mAsa vyatIta hone para rAnI ko dohada huA ki vaha hAthI para savAra hokara vaibhAra parvata para vihAra kare / dohada pUrNa hone para yathAsamaya rAnI ne putra ko janma diyA jisakA nAma meghakumAra rakkhA gayA / nagara meM khUba khuziyA~ manAI gii| bAlaka ke jAtakarma Adi saMskAra saMpanna hue| deza-videza kI dhAtriyoM kI goda meM palakara bAlaka bar3A hone lgaa| ATha varSa kA hone para use kalAcArya ke pAsa par3hane bhejA gayA aura 72 kalAoM meM vaha niSNAta ho 1. kimapi sphuTIkRtamiha sphuTe'pyarthataH / sakaSTamatidezato vividhavAcanAto'pi yat // nAyAdhambhakahAo kI prazasti / 2.72 kalAoM ke liye lie dekhiye samavAyAMga, pRSTha 77 a; ovAiya sUtra 40, rAyapaseNiya, sUtra 211; jambuddIvapannatti TIkA 2, pRSTa 136 ityAdi paMDita becaradAsa, bhagavAna mahAvIra nI dharmaH kathAo, pRSTha 193 ityAdi /

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da prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gayA / yuvA hone para aneka rAjakanyAoM ke sAtha usakA pANigrahaNa huaa| eka bAra, zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra rAjagRha meM padhAre aura guNazila caitya (guNAvA) meM Thahara gaye / meghakumAra mahAvIra ke darzanArtha gayA, aura unakA dharma zravaNa kara use pravrajyA lene kI icchA huii| meghakumAra kI mAtA ne jaba yaha samAcAra sunA to aceta hokara vaha pRthvI para gira pdd'ii| hoza meM Ane para usane meghakumAra ko nigraMtha dharma kI kaThoratA kA pratipAdana karane vAle aneka dRSTAMta dekara pravrajyA grahaNa karane se rokA, lekina meghakumAra ne eka sunI | Akhira mAtA-pitA ko pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI anumati denI pdd'ii| meghakumAra ne paMcamuSTi loca kiyA aura aba ve munivratoM kA pAlana karate hue tapa aura saMyama meM apanA samaya yApana karane lage | sAdhu jIvana vyatIta karate samaya, kabhI kisI anya sAdhu ke Ate-jAte hue unheM hAtha-paira sikor3ane par3ate, aura kabhI kisI sAdhu kA paira unheM laga jAtA, jisase unakI nidrA meM bAdhA hotii| yaha dekhakara meghakumAra ko bahuta burA lagA / unhoMne anagAra dharma chor3akara gRhastha dharma meM vApisa lauTa jAne kI icchA prakaTa kii| isa para mahAvIra bhagavAn ne meghakumAra ke pUrvabhava kI kathA sunAI jise sunakara ve dharma meM sthira hue / anta meM vipula parvata para ArohaNa kara meghakumAra ne saMlekhanA dhAraNA kI aura bhakta-pAna kA tyAga kara ve kAlagati ko prApta hue| kathA ke bIca meM zayanIya, vyAyAmazAlA, snAnagRha, upasthAnazAlA, varSARtu, deza-videza kI dhAtriyA~, rAjabhavana, zivikA aura hastirAja Adi ke sAhityika bhASA meM suMdara varNana diye haiM / isa prasaMga para meghakumAra aura unakI mAtA ke bIca jo saMvAda huA, use suniye mAtA-no khalu jAyA ! amhe icchAmo khaNamavi vippaogaM sahittae / taM bhujAhi tAva jAyA ! vipule mANusassa kAmabhoge jAva tAva vayaM jIvAmo / tao pacchA amhehiM kAlagaehiM pariNa

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77 nAyAdhammakahAo yavaye vuDDhiyakulavaMsataMtukajjaMmi niravaekkhe samaNassa aMtie muMDe bhavittA agArAo aNagAriyaM pavvaislasi / / ___tae NaM se mehe kumAre ammApiUhiM evaM vutte samANe ammApiyaro evaM vayAsI taheva NaM taM ammo ! jaheva NaM tume mamaM evaM vayaha, 'tumaM si NaM jAyA ! amhaM ege putte taM ceva jAva niravaekkhe samaNassa jAva pavvaissasi / ' evaM khalu ammayAo ! mANussae bhave adhuve aNiyae asAsae vasaNasauvadavAbhibhUe vijjulayAcaMcale aNicce jalabubbuyasamANe kusaggajalabiMdusannibhe saMjhabbharAgasarise suviNadaMsaNovame saDaNapaDaNaviddhaMsaNadhamme pacchA puraM ca NaM avassavippajahaNijje / se ke NaM jANai ammayAo ! ke puTviM gamaNAe ke pacchA gamaNAe ? taM icchAmi NaM ammayAo ! tubbhehiM abbhagunnAe samANe samaNassa jAva pavvaittae / tae NaM mehaM kumAraM ammApiyaro evaM vayAsI imAo te jAyA ! sarisiyAo sarittayAo sarivvayAo sarisalAvaNNarUvajovvaNaguNovaveyAo sarisehiMto rAyakulehito ANiyalliyAo bhaariyaao| taM bhuMjAhi NaM jAyA ! eyAhiM saddhi viule mANussae kAmabhoge / pacchA bhuttabhoge samaNassa jAva pavvaissasi / tae NaM se mehe kumAre ammApiyaraM evaM vayAsI taheva NaM ammayAo ! jaMNaM tumbhe mamaM evaM vayaha- 'imAo te jAyA ! sarisiyAo jAva pavvaissasi / ' evaM khalu ammayAo ! mANussagA kAmabhogA asuI asAsayA vaMtAsavA pittAsavA khelAsavA sukkAsavA soNiyAsavA durussAsanIsAsA durUvamuttapurIsapUyabahupaDipuNNA uccArapAsavaNakhelasiMghANagavaMtapittasukamoniyasaMbhavA adhuvA aNiyattA asAsayA saDaNapaDaNaviddhaMsaNadhammA pacchA puraM ca NaM avassavippajahaNijjA / se ke NaM ammayAo! jAva pavvaittae / -mAtA-he putra ! hama kSaNabhara ke liye bhI tumhArA viyoga

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78 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nahIM saha sakate / ataeva he putra ! jaba taka hama jIvita raheM, vipula mAnavIya kAmabhogoM kA yatheSTa upabhoga kro| tatpazcAt hamArI mRtyu hone para, pariNata vaya meM, tumhArI vaMza aura kulaparaMparA meM vRddhi hone para, saMsAra se udAsIna hokara tuma zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samIpa muMDita ho gRhastha dharma ko tyAga anagAra dharma meM pravrajyA grahaNa krnaa| meghakumAra-tumane kahA hai ki saMsAra se udAsIna hokara pravrajyA grahaNa karanA, lekina he mAtA! yaha manuSya bhava adhruva hai, aniyata hai, azAzvata hai, saikar3oM duHkha aura upadravoM se AkrAnta hai, vidyut ke samAna caMcala hai, jala ke bubude ke samAna, kuza kI noka para par3e hue jalabiMdu ke samAna, saMdhyAkAlIna rAga ke samAna aura svapnadarzana ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hai, vinAzalIla hai, kabhI na kabhI isakA tyAga avazya hI karanA par3egA / aisI hAlata meM he ammA ! kauna jAnatA hai kauna pahale mare aura kauna bAda meM ? ataeva Apa logoM kI anumatipUrvaka maiM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAdamUla meM pravrajyA grahaNa karanA cAhatA huuN| mAtA-pitA-dekho, ye tumhArI patniyA~ haiN| ye eka se eka bar3hakara lAvaNyavatI tathA rUpa, yauvana aura guNoM kI AgAra haiM, samAna rAjakuloM se ye AI haiN| ataeva inake sAtha vipula kAmabhogoM kA yatheSTa upabhoga kara, usake pazcAt pravrajyA grahaNa krnaa| meghakumAra-Apane kahA hai ki eka se eka bar3hakara lAvaNyavatI patniyoM ke sAtha upabhoga karane ke pazcAt pravrajyA / grahaNa karanA, lekina he mAtA-pitA ! ye kAmabhoga azuci haiM, azAzvata haiM, vamana, pitta, zleSma, zukra, zoNita, mUtra, purISa, pIpa Adi se paripUrNa haiM, ye adhruva haiM, aniyata haiM, azAzvata haiM, tathA vinAzazIla haiM, isaliye kabhI na kabhI inakA tyAga avazya karanA hogaa| phira he mAtA-pitA! kauna jAnatA hai ki pahale

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nAyAdhammakahAo kauna mare aura kauna bAda meM ? ataeva ApakI anumatipUrvaka meM pravrajyA svIkAra karanA cAhatA hU~ / Apaloga anumati deN| nigraMthapravacana kI durdharSatA batAte hue kahA hai ahIva egaMtadiTThIe, khuro iva egaMtadhArAe, lohamayA iva javA cAveyavvA, vAluyAkavale iva nirassAe, gaMgA iva mahAnaI paDisoyagamaNAe, mahAsamucho iva bhuyAhiM duttare, tikkhaM caMkamiyavvaM, garuaM laMbeyavvaM, asidhArAvvayaM cariyavvaM / -isa pravacana meM sarpa ke samAna ekAMtadRSTi aura chare ke samAna ekAMta dhAra rakhanI hotI hai, lohe ke jau ke samAna ise cabAnA par3atA hai| bAlU ke grAsa ke samAna yaha nIrasa hai, mahAnadI gaMgA ke pravAha ke viruddha tairane tathA mahAsamudra ko bhujAoM dvArA pAra karane kI bhA~ti dustara hai, asidhArAvrata ke samAna isakA AcaraNa duSkara hai / (kAyara, kApuruSa aura klIboM kA isameM kAma nahIM hai)| dUsare adhyayana kA nAma saMghATa hai| rAjagRha nagara meM dhanya nAmakA eka sArthavAha rahatA thA | bhadrA usakI bhAryA thI / devadatta unakA eka bAlaka thA jise paMthaka nAmaka dAsaceTa khilAne ke liye bAhara le jAyA karatA thaa| eka bAra paMthaka rAjamArga para devadatta ko khilA rahA thA ki itane meM vijaya cora bAlaka ko uThA le gayA | bahuta DhUr3hane para bhI jaba bAlaka kA patA na lagA to nagara-rakSakoM ko sAtha le dhanya ne nagara ke pAsa ke jIrNa udyAna meM praveza kiyaa| vahA~ para bAlaka kA zava eka ku~e meM par3A milA | nagara-rakSakoM ne cora kA pIchA kiyA aura use pakar3a kara jela meM DAla diyA / saMyogavaza kisI aparAdha ke kAraNa dhanya ko bhI jela ho gaI aura dhanya ko bhI usI jela meM rakkhA gayA / dhanya kI strI bhadrA apane pati ke vAste jela meM roja khAne kA DibbA (bhoyaNapiDaga) bhejatI, usameM se vijaya cora aura dhanya donoM bhojana karate / kucha samaya bAda dhanya rizvata Adi dekara jela se chUTa gayA aura vijaya cora vahIM mara gayA /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ___ tIsare adhyayana kA nAma aMDaka hai| isameM mayUrI ke aMDoM ke dRSTAnta dvArA dharmopadeza diyA hai| devadattA nAmakI gaNikA kA yahA~ sarasa varNana hai / mayUrapoSaka mora ke baccoM ko nRtya kI zikSA diyA karate the| ___ kUrma nAma ke cauthe adhyayana meM do kachuoM ke dRSTAnta dvArA dharmopadeza diyA hai| . pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma zailaka hai / isameM madyapAyI rAjarSi zailaka kA AkhyAna hai| dvArakA nagarI ke uttara-pazcima meM sthita raivataka parvata kA varNana hai| isa parvata ke samIpa naMdana nAmakA eka sundara vana thA jahA~ surapriya nAmakA yakSAyatana thaa| bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA Agamana sunakara kRSNa vAsudeva apane dala-bala-sahita unake darzana ke liye cle| thAvaccAputta ne ariSTanemi kA dharma zravaNa kara dIkSA grahaNa kii| udhara sogaMdhiyA nagarI meM zuka nAmakA eka parivrAjaka rahatA thA jo Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda, atharvaveda, paSThitaMtra aura sAMkhyasiddhAMta kA paMDita thaa| zaucamUlaka dharma kA vaha upadeza detA thaa| isa nagarI kA sudarzana zreSThi zuka parivrAjaka kA anuyAyI thaa| bAda meM usane zuka kA zaucamUlaka dharma tyAga kara thAvaccAputta kA vinayamUlaka dharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| zuka parivrAjaka aura thAvaccAputta meM vAda-vivAda huA aura zuka bhI thAvaccAputta ke dharma kA anuyAyI bana gyaa| kucha samaya bAda selagapura ke zailaka rAjA ne apane maMtriyoM ke sAtha zuka ke samIpa jAkara zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kii| lekina rUkhA-sUkhA, ThaMDhA-bAsI aura svAdarahita vikAla bhojana karane ke kAraNa usake sukhocita sukumAra zarIra meM asahya vedanA huii| isa samaya apane putra kA AmaMtraNa pAkara vaha usakI yAnazAlA meM jAkara rahane lgaa| vaidya ke upadeza se usane madya kA sevana kiyA / anta meM bodha prApta kara ke puMDarIkaH parvata para tapa karate hue usane siddhi paaii| __ chaThe adhyayana meM tuMbI ke dRSTAnta se jIva kI Urdhvagati kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|

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nAyAdhammakahAo sAtaveM adhyayana kA nAma rohiNI hai / rAjagRha nagara ke dhanya sArthavAha ke cAra patohue~ thIM jinake nAma the-ujjhikA, bhogavatI, rakSikA aura rohiNI | eka bAra dhanya ne unakI parIkSA lI aura unakI yogyatAnusAra unheM ghara kA kAmakAja sauMpa diyA | ujhikA ko ghara ke jhAr3ane-poMchane, bhogavatI ko ghara kI rasoI banAne, rakSitA ko ghara ke mAla-khajAne kI dekhabhAla karane kA kAma sauMpA aura rohiNI ko sAre ghara kI mAlakina banA diyA / AThaveM adhyayana meM mallI kI kathA hai| mallI videharAjA kI kanyA thii| pUrva janma meM usane strI nAmagotra aura tIrthaMkara nAmagotra karma kA baMdha kiyA thA jisase use tIrthakara pada kI prApti huii| yahA~ tAlajaMgha pizAca kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| loga indra, skaMdha, rudra, ziva, vaizramaNa, nAga, bhUta, yakSa, ajjA, aura kokiriyA kI pUjA-upAsanA kiyA karate the| yahA~ suvarNakAra zreNI aura citrakAra zreNI kA ullekha hai| cokkhA nAma kI parivrAjikA zaucamUlaka dharma kA upadeza detI thii| agaDadardura (kUpamaMDUka) aura samudradardura kA sarasa saMvAda diyA gayA hai / mallI ne paMcamuSTi loca karake zramaNa-dIkSA svIkAra kI aura saMmedazaila ( Adhunika pArasanAtha hila ) zikhara para pAdopagamana dhAraNa kara siddhi paaii| . nauveM adhyayana meM jinapAlita aura jinarakSita nAmake mAkaMdIputroM kI kathA hai| A~dhI-tUphAna Ane para samudra meM jahAja ke DUbane kA utprekSAoM se pUrNa sundara varNana hai| nAriyala ke 1. prophesara laoNyamana ne apanI jarmana pustaka 'buddha aura mahAvIra' (narasiMhabhAI IzvarabhAI paTela dvArA gujarAtI meM anUdita ) meM bAibila kI methyU aura lyUka kI kathA ke sAtha isakI tulanA kI hai| . 2. vistAra ke lie dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 235-225 / 6prA0 sA0

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82 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tela kA ullekha hai / ratnadvIpa meM azvarUpa-dhArI eka vakSa rahatA thaa|' dasaveM adhyayana meM candramA kI hAni-vRddhi kA dRSTAnta dekara jIvoM kI hAni-vRddhi kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai| __ gyArahaveM adhyayana kA nAma dAvaddava hai | dAvaddava eka prakAra ke sundara vRkSoM kA nAma hai jo samudrataTa para hote the| jhaMjhAvAta calane para isa vRkSa ke patte jhar3a jAte the / vRkSa ke dRSTAnta dvArA zramaNoM ko upadeza diyA gayA hai| bArahaveM adhyayana meM parikhA ke jala ke dRSTAnta se dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / cAturyAma dharma kA yahA~ ullekha hai| terahaveM adhyayana meM dardura ( meMDhaka ) kI kathA hai| rAjagRha nagara meM naMda nAmakA eka maNikAra (maniyAra ) zreSTI rahatA thaa| usane vaibhAra parvata ke pAsa eka puSkariNI khudavAI aura usake cAroM ora cAra bagIce lagavAye / pUrva dizA ke bagIce meM usane eka citrasabhA, dakSiNa dizA ke bagIce meM eka mahAnasazAlA (rasoIzAlA), pazcima dizA ke bagIce meM eka cikitsAlaya aura uttara dizA ke bagIce meM eka alaMkAriyasabhA (jahA~ nAI hajAmata Adi banAkara zarIra kA alaMkAra karate . hoM-sailUna) bnvaaii| aneka rAhagIra, tRNa Dhone vAle, lakar3I DhonevAle, anAtha, bhikhArI Adi ina zAlAoM se paryApta lAbha uThAte | eka bAra naMda zreSThI bImAra par3A aura aneka auSadhopacAra karane para bhI acchA na huA | mara kara vaha usI purakariNI meM meMDhaka huA | kucha dina bAda rAjagRha meM mahAvIra kA samavazaraNa AyA aura yaha meMDhaka unake darzanArtha calA | lekina mArga meM 1. milAiye valAhassa jAtaka ( 196 ) ke sAtha / divyAvadAna meM bhI yaha kathA AtI hai| : 2. vihAra kA pradeza Ajakala bhI puSkariNiyoM (pokharoM) se sampanna hai, pokhara khudavAnA yahA~ parama dharma mAnA jAtA hai|

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nAyAdhammakahAo 83 rAjA zreNika ke eka ghor3e ke pA~va ke nIce Akara kucalA gayA | mara kara vaha svarga meM gyaa| caudahaveM adhyayana kA nAma teyalI hai| teyalipura meM teyaliputra nAmakA eka maMtrI rahatA thA | usI nagara meM mUSikAradAraka nAma kA eka sunAra thaa| poTTilA nAmakI usakI eka sundara kanyA thii| teyaliputra aura poTTilA kA vivAha ho gyaa| kucha samaya bAda teyaliputra ko apanI patnI priya na rahI aura vaha usake nAma se bhI dUra bhAgane lgaa| eka bAra teyalipura meM subratA nAmakI eka AryA kA Agamana huA | poTTilA ne usase kisI vazIkaraNa maMtra athavA cUrNa Adi kI yAcanA kI, lekina AryA ne apane donoM kAnoM ko apanI u~galiyoM se banda karate hue poTTilA ko isa taraha kI bAta bhI z2abAna para na lAne kA Adeza diyaa| poTTilA ne zramaNadharma meM pravrajyA grahaNa kara devagati prApta kii| pandrahaveM adhyayana kA nAma naMdIphala hai / ahicchatrA nagarI (Adhunika rAmanagara, barelI jilA) meM kanakaketu nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka bAra vaha vividha prakAra kA mAlaasabAba apanI gAr3iyoM meM bhara kara apane sArtha ke sAtha banijavyApAra ke liye ravAnA huA / mArga meM usane naMdIphala vRkSa dekhe / kanakaketu ne sArtha ke logoM ko una vRkSoM se dUra hI rahane kA Adeza diyA / phira bhI kucha loga isakI paravA na kara una vRkSoM ke pAsa gaye aura unheM apane jIvana se vaMcita honA pdd'aa| solahaveM adhyayana kA nAma avarakaMkA hai| caMpA nagarI meM tIna brAhmaNa rahate the / unakI striyoM ke nAma the kramazaH nAgasirI, bhUyasirI aura jkkhsirii| eka bAra nAgasirI ne dharmaghoSa nAma ke sthavira ko kaDuvI laukI kA sAga banA kara unake bhikSApAtra meM DAla diyA jise bhakSaNa kara unakA prANAnta ho gayA / jaba usake ghara ke logoM ko yaha jJAta huA to nAgasirI para bahuta DATaphaTakAra par3I aura use ghara se nikAla diyA gayA | mara kara vaha

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa naraka meM gii| agale janma meM usane campA ke eka sArthavAha ke ghara janma grahaNa kiyA / sukumAliyA usakA nAma rakkhA gayA / bar3I hone para jinadatta ke putra sAgara se usakA vivAha ho gayA aura sAgara ghara-jamAI bana kara rahane lgaa| lekina kucha hI samaya bAda sAgara sukumAliyA ke aMgasparza ko sahana na kara sakane ke kAraNa use chor3a kara calA gyaa| anta meM sukumAliyA ne gopAlikA nAmakI AyoM ke samakSa upasthita hokara pravrajyA aMgIkAra kara lii| kAlakrama se sukumAliyA manA kiye jAne para bhI apane saMgha se alaga rahane lagI| vaha punaH punaH apane hAtha, pA~va, mu~ha, sira Adi dhone meM samaya-yApana krtii| mara kara vaha svarga meM devI huii| agale janma meM vaha drupada rAjA ke ghara draupadI ke rUpa meM paidA huii| usakA svayaMvara racAyA gayA aura pA~ca pA~DavoM ke sAtha usakA vivAha huA | usane paMDusena ko janma diyaa| aMta meM dropadI ne pravrajyA grahaNa kI aura gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana karatI huI, tapa-upavAsa meM samaya vyatIta karane lgii| ___ satrahaveM adhyayana meM kAliyadvIpa ke suMdara azvoM kA varNana hai / azva ke dRSTAMta dvArA dharmopadeza dete hue kahA hai ki sAdhu svacchandavihArI azvoM ke samAna vicaraNa karate haiN| jaise zabda Adi se AkRSTa ca hokara azva pAzabaMdhana meM nahIM pakar3e jAte, usI taraha viSayoM ke prati udAsIna sAdhu bhI karmoM dvArA nahIM ba~dhate / aThArahaveM adhyayana meM suMsumA kI kathA hai| eka bAra vijayanAmaka cora-senApati suMsumA ko uThAkara le gyaa| nagara-rakSakoM ne usakA pIchA kiyaa| lekina cora ne susumA kA sira kATakara use kueM meM pheMka diyA aura svayaM jaMgala meM bhAga gyaa| suMsumA kA pitA bhI apane putroM ke sAtha nagara-rakSakoM ke sAtha AyA 1. DaoNkTara motIcanda ne isakI pahacAna jaMjIvAra se kI hai, sArthavAha, pR0 172 /

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uvAsagadasAo 85 thA / bhUkha-pyAsa ke kAraNa jaba vaha atyaMta vyAkula hone lagA aura calane taka meM asamartha ho gayA to apanI mRta putrI ke . mAMsa kA bhakSaNa kara usane apanI kSudhA zAnta kii| ____ unnIsaveM adhyayana meM puMDarIka rAjA kI kathA hai| puMDarIka ke choTe bhAI kA nAma kaMDarIka thaa| kaMDarIka ne sthaviroM se dharmopadeza sunA aura pravrajyA grahaNa kara lii| lekina kaMDarIka rUkhA-sUkhA bhojana karane aura kaThora vrata pAlane ke kAraNa anagAradharma meM na Tika sakA, aura usane punaH gRhasthAzrama svIkAra kara liyaa| uvAsagadasAo ( upAsakadazA) upAsakadazA ke dasa adhyayanoM meM mahAvIra ke dasa upAsakoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai, isaliye ise uvAsagadasAo bhI kahA jAtA hai / 2 varNana meM vividhatA kama hai| dharma meM upAsakoM kI zraddhA-bhakti rakhane ke liye isa aMga kI racanA kI gaI hai| abhayadeva ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| pahale adhyayana meM vANiyagAma ke dhanakubera AnaMda upAsaka kI kathA hai| vANiyagAma ke uttarapazcima meM kollAka saMniveza (Adhunika kolhuA) thA jahA~ Ananda ke aneka sage-saMbaMdhI rahA karate the| eka bAra vANiyagAma meM mahAvIra kA Agamana huA | Ananda ne unakI vaMdanA kara bAraha vrata svIkAra kiye| usane dhana, dhAnya, hiraNya, suvarNa, khAdya, gaMdha, vastra Adi 1. saMyuttanikAya ( 2, pR0 97 ) meM bhI mRta kanyA ke mAMsa ko bhakSaNa karake jIvita rahane kA ullekha hai|| 2. Agamodayasamiti baMbaI dvArA 1920 meM prakAzita / hoenala ne ise biblothikA iMDikA, kalakattA se 1885-88 meM aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita kiyA hai| 3. isakI pahacAna mujaphpharapura jile meM basAr3ha (vaizAlI) ke pAsa ke baniyA nAmaka gA~va se kI jAtI hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa aneka vastuoM ke bhogopabhoga kA kiMcit parimANa kiyA, tathA aMgArakarma, vanakarma, daMtavANijya, viSavANijya, yaMtrapIDanakarma Adi pandraha karmadAnoM kA tyAga kiyaa|' anya tIrthikoM kA sammAna karanA aura bhikSA Adi se unakA satkAra karanA chor3a diyaa| apane jyeSTha putra ko kuTuMba kA bhAra sauMpakara vaha kollAka saMnniveza kI jJAtRkSatriyoM kI pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma kA pAlana karane lgaa| tapazcaryA ke kAraNa usakA zarIra kRza ho gayA aura bhakta-pAna kA pratyAkhyAna karake saMlekhanApUrvaka vaha samaya yApana karane lgaa| gRhastha avasthA meM hI Ananda ko avadhijJAna kI prApti huii| mara kara vaha svarga meM deva huA / dUsare adhyayana meM kAmadeva upAsaka kI kathA hai| yahA~ eka pizAca kA vistRta varNana hai jisane kAmadeva ko apane vrata se DigAne ke liye aneka prakAra ke upadrava kiye | jaba vaha apane uddezya meM saphala na huA to kAmadeva kI stuti karane lgaa| mahAvIra bhagavAn ne bhI kAmadeva kI prazaMsA kI aura unhoMne zramaNa nigraMthoM ko bulAkara upasagoM ko zAMtipUrvaka sahana karane kA Adeza diyaa| 1. AjIvika matAnuyAyiyoM ke liye bhI inake tyAga kA vidhAna hai| isa sampradAya kI vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye dekhiye hoenala kA enasAiklopIDiyA oNva rilIjana eNDa ethiksa (jilda 1, pR. 259-68) meM 'AjIvikAz2a' nAmaka lekha; DaoNkTara vI. ema. baruA, 'da AjIvikAja'; 'prI-buddhisTa iNDiyana philAsaphI' pRSTa 297-3 18; DaoNkTara bI.sI. lAhA, hisTorikala glInIMgja, pRSTa 37 ityAdi; e. ela. bAzama, hisTro eNDa DaoNkTrInsa oNva da AjIvikAja; jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiMziyeNTa iMDiyA aiz2a DipikTeDa ina jaina kainansa, pRSTha 207-11, jagadIzacandra jaina, saMpUrNAnanda abhinandana graMtha meM 'maMkhaliputra gozAla aura jJAtRputra mahAvIra' nAmaka lekh|

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uvAsagadasAo tIsare adhyayana meM vArANasI ke culaNIpitA gRhapati kI kathA hai| culaNIpitA ko bhI devajanya upasarga sahana karanA pdd'aa| culaNIpitA apanA dhyAna bhaMga kara usa pizAca ko pakar3ane ke liye daur3A | isa samaya usakI mAtA ne use samajhAyA aura bhagna vratoM kA prAyazcitta karake phira se dharmadhyAna meM lIna hone kA upadeza diyaa| cauthe adhyayana meM surAdeva gRhapati kI kathA hai | yahA~ bhI deva upasarga karatA hai| pA~caveM adhyayana meM cullazataka kI kathA hai / chaThe adhyayana meM kuMDakolika zramaNopAsaka kI kathA hai| maMkhaligozAla kI dharmaprajJapti ko mahAvIra kI dharmaprajJapti kI apekSA zreSTha batAyA gayA, lekina kuMDakolika ne isa bAta ko svIkAra na kiyA / sAtaveM adhyayana meM polAsapura ke AjIvikopAsaka saddAlaputra kuMbhakAra kI kathA hai| nagara ke bAhara saddAlaputra kI pA~ca sau dukAneM thiiN| vaha mahAvIra ke darzanArtha gayA aura usane unheM nimaMtrita kiyA / gozAla ke niyativAda ke saMbaMdha meM donoM meM carcA huI jisake phalasvarUpa sahAlaputra ne AjIvikoM kA dharma tyAgakara mahAvIra kA dharma svIkAra kara liyaa| saddAlaputra kI bhAryA ne bhI mahAvIra ke bAraha vratoM ko aMgIkAra kiyA | bAda meM maMkhaligozAla ne mahAvIra se bheMTa kii| mahAvIra ko yahA~ mahAbrAhmaNa, mahAgopa, mahAsArthavAha, mahAdharmakathaka aura mahAniyamika zabdoM dvArA saMbodhita kiyA hai| ___AThaveM adhyayana meM mahAzataka gRhapati kI kathA hai / mahAzataka ke aneka patniyA~ thiiN| revatI unameM mukhya thii| revatI apanI sautoM ko mAra DAlane ke SaDyaMtra meM saphala huii| vaha bar3I mAMsalolupa thii| mahAzataka kA dharmadhyAna meM samaya bitAnA use bilakula pasanda na thA, isaliye vaha prAyaH usakI dharma

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pravRttiyoM meM vighna upasthita kiyA karatI / lekina mahAzataka antataka apane vrata se na ddigaa| nauveM adhyAya meM naMdinIpitA aura dasaveM meM sAlihIpitA kI kathA hai| antagaDadasAo ( antakRddazA) saMsAra kA anta karanevAle kevaliyoM kA kathana hone se isa aMga ko antakRddazA kahA gayA hai| jaise upAsakadazA meM upAsakoM kI kathAyeM haiM, vaise hI isameM ahaMtoM kI kathAyeM haiM / isa aMga kI kathAyeM bhI prAyaH eka jaisI zailI meM likhI gaI haiN| kathA ke kucha aMza kA varNana kara zeSa ko 'vaNNao jAva' (varNakaH yAvat) Adi zabdoM dvArA vyAkhyAprajJapti athavA jJAtRdharmakathA Adi kI sahAyatA se pUrNa karane ke liye kahA gayA hai| kRSNavAsudeva kI kathA yahA~ AtI hai / arjunaka mAlI kI kathA rocaka hai| upAsakadazA kI bhA~ti isa aMga meM bhI dasa adhyayana hone cAhiye, lekina haiM isameM ATha varga ( adhyayanoM ke smuuh)| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isa aMga ke viSaya kA jo varNana diyA hai usase prastuta varNana bilakula bhinna hai| abhayadevasUri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| pahale varga meM dasa adhyayana haiM, jinameM goyama, samudda, sAgara Adi kA varNana hai| pahale adhyayana meM siddhi prApta karanevAle goyama kI kathA hai| dvArakA nagarI ke uttara-pUrva meM raivataka nAma kA parvata thA, usameM surapriya nAmaka eka yakSAyatana thA / dvArakA 1. ema. DI. bAraneTa ne ise aura aNuttarovavAiya ko 1907 meM aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha laMdana se prakAzita kiyA hai; ema. sI. modI kA bhanuvAda ahamadAbAda se 1932 meM prakAzita huA hai| akhilabhAratIya zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina zAstroddhAraka samiti rAjakoTa se 1958 meM hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda sahita isakA eka aura saMskaraNa nikalA hai|

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antagaDadasAo meM kRSNavAsudeva rAjya karate the| aMdhagavaNhI bhI yahIM rahate the| unake goyama nAma kA putra huA jisane ariSTanemi se dIkSA grahaNa kara zatruJjaya parvata para siddhi prApta kii| dUsare varga meM ATha adhyayana haiN| tIsare varga ke prathama adhyayana meM aNIyasa kA AkhyAna hai| bhadrilapura nagara (hajArIbAga jile meM kuluhA pahAr3I ke pAsa bhadiyA nAma kA gA~va ) meM nAga gRhapati kI sulasA nAmaka bhAryA se aNIyasa kA janma huA thA / zatrujaya parvata para jAkara unhoMne siddhi prApta kii| nauveM adhyayana meM hariNagameSI dvArA sulasA ke garbhaparivartana kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / devakI ke gajasukumAla nAmaka putra kA janma huA | usane somila brAhmaNa kI somazrI kanyA se vivAha kiyA / kucha samaya bAda gajasukumAla ne ariSTanemi se zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kara lI / somila brAhmaNa ko yaha acchA na lagA | eka bAra gajasukumAla jaba zmazAna meM dhyAnAvasthita ho kAyotsarga meM khar3e the to somila ne krodha meM Akara unake zarIra ko jalA diyA / isase gajasukumAla ke zarIra meM atyanta vedanA huI, kintu bar3e zAntabhAva se unhoMne use sahana kiyaa| kevalajJAna prApta karake unhoMne siddha gati paaii| ___cauthe aura pA~caveM vargoM meM dasa-dasa adhyayana haiN| pA~caveM varga ke pahale adhyayana meM padmAvatI kI kathA hai / dvIpAyana RSi ke kopa ke kAraNa dvArakA nagarI ke vinaSTa ho jAne para jaba kRSNavAsudeva dakSiNa meM pAMDumathurA (Adhunika madurA) kI ora prasthAna kara rahe the, to mArga meM jarAkumAra ke bANa se Ahata hone para unakI mRtyu ho gaI aura mara kara ve naraka meM gaye / ' rAnI padmAvatI ne ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| chaThe varga meM solaha adhyayana haiN| rAjagRha meM arjunaka nAma kA eka mAlAkAra rahatA thA | usakI bhAryA kA nAma bandhumatI thA / 1. ghaTajAtaka meM vAsudeva, baladeva, kaNhadIpAyana aura dvAravatI kI kathA AtI hai|

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aNuttarovavAiyadasAo meM teraha aura tIsare meM dasa adhyayana haiN| tIsare varga ke prathama adhyAya meM dhanya anagAra kI tapasyA kA varNana hai___dhaNNe NaM aNagAre NaM sukkeNaM pAyajaMghoruNA, vigayataDikarAleNaM kaDikahADeNaM pihimassieNaM udarabhAyaNeNaM, joijamANehiM pAsuliyakaDAehiM, akkhasuttamAlA viva gaNejamANehiM piTiThakaraDagasaMdhIhi, gaMgAtaraMgabhUeNaM urakaDagadesabhAeNaM, sukkasappasamANehiM bAhAhiM, siDhilakaDAlI viva laMbatehiM ya aggahatthehi, kaMpamANavAie viva bevamANIe sIsaghaDIe, pavvAyavayaNakamale ubbhaDaghaDamuhe, ubbuDDaNayaNakose, jIvaMjIveNa gacchai, jIvaMjIveNa ciTThai, bhAsaM bhAsissAmi ttigilAi, se jahAnAmae iMgAlasagaDiyA i vA (jahA khaMdao tahA) (jAva) huyAsaNe iva bhAsarAsipalicchaNNe taveNaM teeNaM tavateesirIe uvasobhebhANe ciTThai / -usake pAda, jaMghA aura Uru sUkhakara rUkSa ho gaye the; peTa picaka kara kamara se jA lagA thA aura donoM ora se uThA huA vikarAla kar3hAI ke samAna ho gayA thA; pasaliyA~ dikhAI de rahI thIM; pITha kI haDDiyA~ akSamAlA kI bhA~ti eka-eka karake ginI jA sakatI thIM, vakSaHsthala kI haDDiyA~ gaMgA kI laharoM ke samAna alaga-alaga dikhAI par3atI thIM, bhujAyeM sUkhe hue sarpa kI bhA~ti kRza ho gaI thIM, hAtha ghor3e ke mu~ha para bA~dhane ke tobare kI bhA~ti zithila hokara laTaka gaye the ; sira vAtarogI ke samAna kA~pa rahA thA ; mukha murajhAye hue kamala kI bhA~ti mlAna ho gayA thA aura ghaTa ke samAna khulA huA hone se bar3A vikarAla pratIta hotA thA ; nayanakoza andara ko dhaMsa gaye the ; apanI Atmazakti se hI vaha uTha-baiTha sakatA thA; bolate samaya use mUrchA A jAtI thI, rAkha se Acchanna agni kI bhA~ti apane tapa aura teja dvArA vaha zobhita ho rahA thA / ' 1. majjhinikAya ke mahAsIhanAdasutta meM buddha bhagavAn ne isI prakAra kI apanI pUrva tasyAoM kA varNana kiyA hai tathA dekhiye vodhirAjakumArasutta; dIghanikAya, kassapasIhanAdasusa /

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92 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa paNhavAgaraNAI (praznavyAkaraNa) praznavyAkaraNa ko paNhavAgaraNadasA athavA vAgaraNadasA ke nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai / ' praznoM ke uttara (vAgaraNa) rUpa meM hone ke kAraNa ise paNhavAgaraNAI nAma diyA gayA hai; yadyapi vartamAna sUtra meM kahIM bhI praznottara nahIM haiM, kevala Asrava aura saMvara kA varNana milatA hai| sthAnAMga aura nandIsUtra meM jo isa Agama kA viSaya-varNana diyA hai, usase yaha bilakula bhinna hai| nandI ke anusAra isameM prazna, aprazna, praznAprazna aura vidyAtizaya Adi kI carcA hai jo yahA~ nahIM hai| spaSTa hai ki mUla sUtra vicchinna ho gayA hai| isameM do khaMDa haiN| pahale meM pA~ca AsravadvAra aura dUsare meM pA~ca saMvaradvAroM kA varNana hai| abhayadeva ne isa para TIkA likhI hai jisakA saMzodhana nivRtikula ke droNAcArya ne kiyA thA / nayavimala ne bhI isa para TIkA likhI hai| pahale khaNDa ke pahale dvAra meM prANavadha kA svarUpa batAyA hai| trasa-sthAvara jIvoM kA vadha karane se yA unheM kaSTa pahu~cAne se hiMsA kA pApa lagatA hai| hiMsakoM meM zaukarika (sUara kA zikAra karanevAle ), macchabaMdha (macchImAra), zAkunika (cir3ImAra ), vyAdha, vAgurika (jAla lagAkara jIva-jantu pakar3anevAle ) Adi kA ullekha hai| zaka, yavana, babbara, muruMDa, pakkaNiya, pArasa, damila, puliMda, DoMba, marahaTTha Adi mlecchara jAtiyoM ke nAma ginAye haiN| phira AyudhoM ke nAma haiN| dUsare dvAra meM mRSAvAda kA vivecana hai| mRSAvAdiyoM meM juArI, giravI rakhanevAle, kapaTI, vaNik , hIna-adhikatolanevAle, nakalI 1. abhayadeva kI TIkA ke sAtha 1959 meM Agamodaya samiti dvArA baMbaI se prakAzita; amUlyacandrasena, e kriTikala inTroDakzana Tu da paNhavAgaraNam, vurjavarga, 1936 / / ___2. ina jAtiyoM ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeMTa iMDiyA aiz2a DipikTeDa ina jaina kainansa, pRSTha 35866 /

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paNhavAgaraNAI mudrA banAnevAle, aura kapaTI sAdhuoM Adi kA ullekha hai / yahA~ nAstikavAdI, vAmalokavAdI, asadbhAvavAdI Adi ke matoM kA vivecana hai| tIsare adattAdAna nAmaka dvAra meM binA dI huI vastu ke grahaNa karane kA vivecana hai| hastalAghava (hAtha kI saphAI) ko adattAdAna kA eka prakAra kahA gayA hai| corI karanevAloM meM taskara, sAhasika, grAmaghAtaka, RNabhaMjaka (RNa nahIM cukAnevAle ), rAjaduSTakArI, tIrthabhedaka, gocoraka Adi kA ullekha hai| saMgrAma tathA aneka prakAra ke AyudhoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| paradravya kA apaharaNa karanevAle jeloM meM vividha baMdhanoM Adi dvArA kisa prakAra yAtanA bhogate haiM, isakA vistRta varNana hai / cauthe dvAra meM abrahma kA vivecana hai| ise prAmadharma bhI kahA hai| abrahmasevana karanevAle viSayabhogoM kI tRpti hue binA hI maraNadharma ko prApta karate haiM / yahA~ bhogopabhogasaMbaMdhI hAthI, ghor3A, bahumUlya vastra, sugandhita padArtha, AbhUSaNa, vAdya, maNi, ratna Adi rAjavaibhava kA varNana hai| tatpazcAt mAMDalika rAjA va yugalikoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sItA, draupadI, rukmiNI, padmAvatI, tArA, kAMcanA (kucha loga rAnI celanA ko hI kAMcanA kahate haiM), raktasubhadrA, ahalyA Adi triyoM kI prApti ke liye yuddha kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| pA~caveM dvAra meM parigraha kA kathana hai / parigraha kA saMcaya karane ke liye loka aneka prakAra ke zilpa aura kalAoM kA adhyayana karate haiM, asi, masi, vANijya, arthazAstra aura dhanurvidyA kA abhyAsa karate haiM aura vazIkaraNa Adi vidyAyeM siddha karate haiN| lobha parigraha kA mUla hai| dUsare khaMDa ke pahale dvAra meM ahiMsA kA vivecana hai / ahiMsA ko bhagavatI kahA hai | yahA~ sAdhu ke yogya nirdoSa bhikSA ke 1. majjhimanikAya ke mahAdukkhakhaMdha meM daMDa ke aneka prakAra batAye haiN|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa niyama batAye gaye haiN| ahiMsAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai| dUsare dvAra meM satya kI vyAkhyA hai| satya ke prabhAva se manuSya samudra ko pAra kara letA hai aura ali bhI use nahIM jalA sktii| satyavrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai| tIsare dvAra meM datta-anujJAta nAmake tIsare saMvara kA vivecana hai| pITha, pATa, zayyA Adi grahaNa karane ke saMbaMdha meM sAdhuoM ke niyamoM kA ullekha hai | vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai| dezamazaka ke upasarga ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki dezamazaka ke upadrava se sAdhuoM ko kSubdha nahIM honA cAhie aura DA~samaccharoM ko bhagAne ke liye dhUA~ Adi nahIM karanA caahiye| cauthe dvAra meM brahmacarya kA vidhAna hai| isa vrata kA bhaMga hone para vratI vinaya, zIla, tapa aura niyamoM se cyuta ho jAtA hai, aura aisA lagatA hai jaise koI ghar3A bhagna ho gayA ho, dahI ko matha diyA gayA ho, ATe kA burAdA bana gayA ho, jaise koI kA~ToM se biMdha gayA ho, parvata kI zilA TUTakara gira par3I ho aura koI lakar3I kaTakara gira gaI ho| brahmacarya kA pratipAdana karane ke liye battIsa prakAra kI upamAyeM dI gaI haiN| brahmacarya vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai| striyoM ke saMsarga se sarvathA dUra rahane kA vidhAna hai| pA~caveM dvAra meM aparigraha kA vivecana hai / sAdhu ko sarva pApoM se nivRtta hokara mAna-apamAna aura harSa-viSAda meM samabhAva rakhate hue kA~se ke pAtra kI bhA~ti sneharUpa jala se dUra, zaMkha kI bhA~ti nirmala-citta, kachue kI bhA~ti gupta, pokhara meM rahanevAle padmapatra kI bhAMti nirlepa, candra kI bhA~ti saumya, sUrya kI bhA~ti pradIpta aura meru parvata kI bhA~ti acala rahane kA vidhAna hai| vivAgasuya (vipAkazruta) pApa aura puNya ke vipAka kA isameM varNana hone se ise vipAkazruta kahA gayA hai|' sthAnAMga sUtra meM ise kammavivAya 1. abhayadeva kI TIkA sahita vi. saM. 1922 meM bar3audA se prakAzita

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vivAgasuya dasAo nAma se kahA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra uvAsagadasAo, aMtagaDadasAo, aguttarovavAiyadasAo aura paNhavAgaraNadasAo kI bhA~ti isameM bhI dasa adhyayana hone cAhiye, lekina haiM isameM bIsa | isameM do zrutaskaMdha haiM-dukhavipAka aura sukhavipAka | donoM meM dasa-dasa adhyayana haiN| gautama gaNadhara bahuta se dukhI logoM ko dekhakara unake saMbaMdha meM mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM aura mahAvIra unake pUrvabhavoM kA varNana karate haiN| abhayadeva sUri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| pradyumnasUri kI bhI TIkA hai| __ prathama zrutaskaMdha ke pahale adhyayana meM miyAputta kI kathA hai| miyAputta vijaya kSatriya kA putra thA jo janma se andhA, gUMgA aura baharA thA; usake hAtha, paira, kAna, A~kha aura nAka kI kevala AkRtimAtra dikhAI detI thii| usakI mA~ use bhauMtale meM bhojana khilAtI thii| eka bAra gautama gaNadhara mahAvIra kI anujJA lekara miyAputta ko dekhane ke liye usake ghara gye| tatpazcAt gautama ke prazna karane para mahAvIra ne miyAputta ke pUrvabhava kA varNana kiyaa| pUrvajanma meM miyAputta ikAI nAma kA rahakUDa (rAThaura ) thA jo grAmavAsiyoM se bar3I kUratA se kara Adi vasUla kara unheM kaSTa detA thaa| eka bAra vaha vyAdhi se pIr3ita huA / eka se eka bar3hakara aneka vaidyoM ne usakI cikitsA kI, kintu koI lAbha na huA | mara kara usane vijaya kSatriya ke ghara janma liyA / __ dUsare adhyayana meM ujjhiya kI kathA hai| ujhiya vANiyagAma ke vijayamitra sArthavAha kA putra thA / gautama gaNadhara vANiyagAma meM bhikSA ke liye gaye | vahA~ unhoMne hAthI, ghor3e aura bahuta se puruSoM kA kolAhala sunaa| patA lagA ki rAjapuruSa kisI kI muzka bA~dha kara use mArate-pITate hue liye jA rahe haiM / gautama ke prophesara e. TI. upAdhye ne aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai jo belagA~va se 1935 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prazna karane para mahAvIra ne usake pUrvabhava kA varNana kiyA / hastinApura meM bhIma nAma kA eka kUTagrAha (pazuoM kA cora) thaa| usake utpalA nAma kI bhAryA thI / utpalA garbhavatI huI aura use gAya, baila Adi kA mAMsa bhakSaNa karane kA dohada huaa| usane gotrAsa nAmaka putra ko janma diyaa| yahI gotrAsa vANiyagAma meM vijayamitra ke ghara ujjhiya nAma kA putra huA | ubhiya jaba bar3A huA to usake mAtA-pitA mara gaye aura nagara-rakSakoM ne use ghara se nikAla kara usakA ghara dUsaroM ko de diyaa| aisI hAlata meM vaha dhUtagRha, vezyAgRha aura pAnAgAroM (madyagRhoM) meM bhaTakatA huA samaya yApana karane lagA | kAmajjhayA nAma kI vezyA ke ghara vaha Ane jAne lgaa| yaha vezyA rAjA ko bhI priya thii| eka dina ujhiya vezyA ke ghara pakar3A gayA aura rAjapurupoM ne use prANadaNDa de diyaa| tIsare adhyayana meM abhaggaseNa kI kathA hai| purimatAla ( Adhunika puruliyA, dakSiNa vihAra ) meM zAlATavI corapallI meM vijaya nAma kA eka cora-senApati rahatA thA | usakI khandasirI nAma kI strI ne abhaggaseNa ko janma diyaa| pUrvabhava meM vaha ninnaya nAma kA eka aMDoM kA vyApArI thA / vaha kabUtara, murgI, moranI Adi ke aMDoM ko Aga para talatA, bhUnatA aura unheM beca kara apanI AjIvikA calAtA | kAlakrama se vijaya cora ke mara jAne para abhaggaseNa ko senApati ke pada para baiThAyA gyaa| AbhaggaseNa purimatAla aura usake AsapAsa gA~voM ko lUTa-khasoTa kara nirvAha karane lagA | nagara ke rAjA ne use pakar3ane kI bahuta koziza kI magara abhaggaseNa hAtha na AyA | eka bAra rAjA ne apane nagara meM koI utsava mnaayaa| isa avasara para usane abhaggaseNa ko bhI nimaMtraNa diyA aura dhokhe se pakar3akara use mAra ddaalaa| cauthe adhyAya meM sagaDa kI kathA hai| sagaDa sAhaMjaNI ke subhadra nAmaka sArthavAha kA putra thaa| pahale bhava meM vaha chaNiya

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vivAgasuya nAma kA eka gar3ariyA (chAgaliya) thA | mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu ho jAne para rAjapuruSoM ne use ghara se nikAla diyA aura usakA ghara dUsaroM ko de diyaa| sagar3a eka avAre kA jIvana bitAne lagA / suseNa maMtrI ne use prANadaNDa kI AjJA dI / ___ pA~caveM adhyayana meM bahassaidatta kI kathA hai| bahassaidatta kauzAMbI ke somadatta purohita kA putra thaa| pUrvabhava meM vaha mahezvaradatta nAma kA purohita thA jo rAjA kI bala-vRddhi ke liye brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdroM ke bAlakoM ko mArakara zAntihoma karatA thA | mahezvaradatta ko rAjA ke antaHpura meM Ane-jAne kI chUTa thii| kisI samaya rAnI se usakA sambandha ho gayA / duzcaritra kA patA lagane para rAjA ne usake vadha kI AjJA dii| ___ chaThe adhyayana meM nandivaddhaNa kI kathA hai / vaha zrIdAma rAjA kA putra thA | pUrvabhava meM vaha rAjA kA cAragapAlaya (jelara) thaa| jela meM cora, paradArasevI, ga~Thakatare, rAjApakArI, karjadAra, bAlaghAtaka, juArI Adi bahuta se loga rahate the / vaha unheM aneka prakAra kI yAtanAyeM diyA karatA thaa| nandivaddhaNa apane pitA ko mArakara svayaM rAja-siMhAsana para baiThanA cAhatA thA / usane kisI nAI (alaMkAriya) ke sAtha milakara eka SaDyaMtra rcaa| patA laga jAne para nandivaddhaNa ko prANadaNDa kI AjJA dI gii| ___ sAtaveM adhyayana meM umbaradatta kI kathA hai| vaha sAgaradatta sArthavAha kA putra thA | pUrvabhava meM vaha aSTAMga Ayurveda meM kuzala eka suprasiddha vaidya thA / rogiyoM ko matsya-mAMsa ke bhakSaNa kA upadeza detA huA vaha unakI cikitsA karatA thA | aneka rogoM se pIr3ita ho usane prANoM kA tyAga kiyaa| AThaveM adhyayana meM soriyadatta kI kathA hai| soriyadatta samudradatta nAma ke eka machue kA putra thA / pUrvabhava meM vaha kisI rAjA ke ghara rasoiye kA kAma karatA thA / vaha aneka pazu-pakSI aura matsya Adi kA svAdiSTa mAMsa taiyAra karatA aura rAjA ko 7prA0 sA0 .

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa khilaataa| eka bAra matsya kA bhakSaNa karate hue soriyadatta ke gale meM machalI kA kAMTA aTaka gayA aura vaha mara gayA / nauveM adhyayana meM devadattA kI kathA hai| devadattA datta nAma ke eka gRhapati kI kanyA thii| vesamaNadatta rAjA ke putra pUsanandi ke sAtha usakA vivAha ho gyaa| pUsanandi bar3A mAtRbhakta thA / vaha tela kI mAliza Adi dvArA apanI mAtA kI sevA-zuzrUSA meM sadA tatpara rahatA thA / devadattA ko yaha bAta pasanda na thI / eka dina rAtri ke samaya usane apanI sotI huI sAsa kI hatyA kara dI / rAjA ne devadattA ke vadha kIAjJA dii| ___ dasaveM adhyayana meM aMjU kI kathA hai| aMjU dhanadeva sArthavAha kI kanyA thii| vijaya nAma ke rAjA se usakA vivAha huA | eka bAra vaha kisI vyAdhi se pIr3ita huI aura jaba koI vaidya use acchA na kara sakA to vaha mara gaI / dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM sukhavipAka kI kathAyeM haiM jo lagabhaga eka hI zailI meM likhI gaI haiN| diThivAya ( dRSTivAda) dRSTivAda dvAdazAMga kA antima bArahavA~ aMga hai jo Ajakala vyucchinna hai|' vibhinna dRSTiyoM (mata-matAMtaroM) kA prarUpaNa 1. digambara AmnAya ke anusAra dRSTivAda ke kucha aMzoM kA uddhAra SaTkhaMDAgama aura kaSAyaprAbhRta meM upalabdha hai / agrAyaNI nAmaka dvitIya pUrva ke 14 adhikAra ( vastu ) batAye gaye haiM jinameM pA~caveM adhikAra kA nAma cayanalabdhi hai| isa adhikAra kA cauthA pAhur3a kammapayaDI yA mahAkammapayaDI kahA jAtA hai| isI kA uddhAra puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali ne sUtrarUpa se SaTakhaMDAgama meM kiyA hai| isI taraha jJAnapravAda nAma ke pA~caveM pUrva kA uddhAra guNadhara AcArya ne kiyA hai| jJAnapravAda ke 12 adhikAroM meM 10veM adhikAra ke tIsare pAhuDa kA nAma 'peja', 'peja dosa' yA 'kasAyapAhuDa' hai| isakA guNadhara AcArya ne 180 gAthAoM meM vivaraNa kiyA hai| dekhiye DaoNkTara hIrAlAla jaina, SaTkhaMDAgama kI prastAvanA 2, pRSTha 41-68 /

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diTThivAya hone ke kAraNa ise dRSTivAda kahA gayA hai / vizeSanizIthacUrNi ke anusAra isa sUtra meM dravyAnuyoga', caraNAnuyoga, dharmAnuyoga aura gaNitAnuyoga kA kathana hone ke kAraNa, chedasUtroM kI bhA~ti ise uttama-zruta kahA hai / tIna varSa ke pravrajita sAdhu ko nizItha aura pA~ca varSa ke pravrajita sAdhu ko kalpa aura vyavahAra kA upadeza denA batAyA gayA hai, lekina dRSTivAda ke upadeza ke liye bIsa varSa kI pravrajyA Avazyaka hai| sthAnAMgasUtra (10.742) meM dRSTivAda ke dasa nAma ginAye haiM-aNujogagata ( anuyogagata), taccAvAta ( tattvavAda ), diTThivAta (dRSTivAda), dhammAvAta (dharmavAda ), puyagata (pUrvagata), bhAsAvijata (bhASAvijaya), bhUyavAta (bhUtavAda ),sammAvAta (samyagavAda), savvapANabhUtajIvasattasuhAvaha (sarvaprANabhUtajIvasattvasukhAvaha) aura heuvAta (hetuvaad)| . dRSTivAda ke vyucchinna hone ke sambandha meM eka se adhika paraMparAyeM jaina AgamoM meM dekhane meM AtI haiN| eka bAra pATaliputra meM 12 varSa kA duSkAla par3A / bhikSA ke abhAva meM sAdhu loga samudrataTa para jAkara rahane lge| subhikSa hone para phira se saba pATaliputra meM ekatrita hue | usa samaya Agama kA jo koI uddeza yA khaMDa kisI ko yAda thA, saba ne milakara use saMgrahIta kiyA, aura isa prakAra 11 aMga saMkalita. kiye gye| lekina dRSTivAda kisI ko yAda nahIM thaa| usa samaya caturdaza pUrvadhArI bhadrabAhu nepAla meM vihAra karate the| saMgha ne eka saMghATaka (sAdhuyugala) ko unake pAsa dRSTivAda kA adhyayana karane ke liye bhejA | saMghATaka ne nepAla pahu~cakara saMgha kA prayojana 1. kahIM para dRSTivAda meM kevala dravyAnuyoga kI carcA ko pradhAna batAyA gayA hai / anyatra isa sUtra meM naigama Adi naya aura usake bhedaprabhedoM kI prarUpaNA mukhya batAI gaI hai (Avazyakaniyukti 760) / 2. bRhatkalpabhASya 404 /

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100 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nivedana kiyaa| lekina bhadrabAhu ne uttara diyA-durbhikSa ke kAraNa maiM mahAprANa kA abhyAsa nahIM kara sakA thA, aba kara rahA hU~, isaliye dRSTivAda kI vAcanA dene meM asamartha huuN| yaha bAta saMghATaka ne pATaliputra lauTakara saMgha se nivedana kii| saMgha ne phira se saMghATaka ko bhadrabAhu ke pAsa bhejA aura puchavAyA ki saMgha kI AjJA ullaMghana karanevAle ko kyA daMDa diyA jAe ? anta meM nizcaya huA ki kisI medhAvI ko bhadrabAhu ke pAsa bhejA jAye aura ve use sAta vAcanAyeM deN| sthUlabhadra ko bahuta se sAdhuoM ke sAtha bhadrabAhu ke pAsa bhejA gyaa| dhIre-dhIre vahA~ se saba sAdhu khisaka Aye, akele sthUlabhadra raha gaye | mahAprANa vrata kiMcit avazeSa raha jAne para eka dina AcArya ne sthUlabhadra se pUchA-"koI kaSTa to nahIM hai ?" sthUlabhadra ne uttara diyaa"nhiiN|" unhoMne kahA-"tuma thor3e dina aura Thahara jAo, phira maiM tumheM zeSa vAcanAyeM eka sAtha hI de duuNgaa|" sthUlabhadra ne prazna kiyA-"kitanA aura bAkI rahA hai ?" AcArya ne uttara diyA"aThAsI sUtra / " unhoMne sthUlabhadra ko cintA na karane kA AzvAsana diyA aura kahA ki thor3e hI samaya meM tuma ise samApta kara loge| kucha dina pazcAt mahAprANa samApta ho jAne para sthUlabhadra ne bhadrabAhu se nau pUrva aura dasaveM pUrva kI do vastuoM kA jJAna prApta kara liyaa| isake bAda ve pATaliputra cale gaye / Age calakara bhadrabAhu ne unheM zeSa cAra pUrva isa zarta para par3hAye ki ve inakA jJAna aura kisI ko pradAna na kreN| usI samaya se dasaveM pUrva kI antima do vastue~ tathA bAkI ke cAra pUrva vyucchinna hue mAne jAte haiN| 1. bhikSAcaryA se Aye hue ko, 2 divasAdha kI kAlavelA meM, 3 saMjJA kA utsarga karake Aye hue ko, 4 vikAla meM, 5.8 Avazyaka kI tIna prtipRcchaa| 2. AvazyakasUtra, haribhadaTIkA, pRSTha 696 a-698; haribhadra, upadezapada aura usakI TIkA, pRSTha 89 /

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diTTivAya dUsarI paraMparA ke anusAra AryarakSita jaba pATaliputra se sAMgopAMga cAra vedoM aura caturdaza vidyAsthAnoM' kA adhyayana kara ke dazapura lauTe to vahA~ unakA bahuta jorazora se svAgata kiyA gayA | jaba ve apanI mAtA ke pAsa pahuMce to usane pUchA-"beTA ! tumane dRSTivAda kA bhI adhyayana kiyA yA nahIM ?" AryarakSita ne uttara diyaa-"nhiiN|" unakI mA~ ne kahA, "dekho, hamAre ikSugRha meM tosaliputra AcArya Thahare hue haiN| tuma unake pAsa jAo, ve tumheM par3hA deNge|" yaha sunakara AryarakSita' ikSughara meM pahu~ce / ve socane lage-mujhe dRSTivAda ke nau aMga to par3ha hI lene cAhiye, dasavA~ to samasta upalabdha hai nhiiN| usake bAda ve AcArya tosaliputra ke samakSa upasthita hue| unhoMne pUchA"kyoM Aye ho ?" AryarakSita ne uttara diyA-"dRSTivAda kA adhyayana karane / " AcArya ne kahA-"lekina binA dIkSA diye dRSTivAda hama nahIM par3hAte / " AryarakSita ne uttara diyA-"dIkSA grahaNa karane ke liye maiM taiyAra hU~ / " phira unhoMne kahA-"yaha sUtra paripATI se hI par3hanA par3atA hai|" AryarakSita ne uttara diyA-"usake liye bhI merI taiyArI hai / " tatpazcAt AryarakSita ne AcArya se anyatra calakara rahane kI prArthanA kI / vahA~ pahu~ca kara AryarakSita ne dIkSA grahaNa kI aura gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyA | tosaliputra ko jitanA dRSTivAda kA jJAna thA utanA unhoMne par3hA diyA / usa samaya yugapradhAna Aryavajra (vanasvAmI) ujjayinI meM vihAra kara rahe the| patA calA ki ve dRSTivAda ke bar3e paMDita haiN| AryarakSita ujjayinI ke liye ravAnA ho gaye / Aryavajra ke pAsa pahu~cakara unhoMne nau pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kiyA / dasavA~ unhoMne AraMbha kiyA hI thA ki itane meM AryarakSita ke laghu bhrAtA phalgurakSita unheM livAne A gye| AryarakSita ne phalgurakSita ko dIkSita kara liyA aura vaha bhI vahIM rahakara 1. zikSA, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chanda, jyotiSa, kalpa (chaha aMga), cAra veda, mImAMsA, nyAya, purANa aura dhrmshaastr|

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102 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa adhyayana karane lgaa| eka dina par3hate-par3hate AryarakSita ne Aryavana se prazna kiyA-"mahArAja ! dasaveM pUrva kA abhI kitanA bhAga bAkI hai ?" Aryavajra ne uttara diyA- "abhI kevala eka biMdumAtra pUrNa huA hai, samudra jitanA abhI bAkI hai|" yaha sunakara AryarakSita ko bar3I cintA huii| vaha socane lage ki aisI hAlata meM kyA maiM isakA pAra pA sakatA hU~ ? tatpazcAt AryarakSita vahA~ se yaha kahakara cale Aye ki merA laghu bhrAtA A gayA hai, aba kRpA karake use par3hAiye / Aryavajra ne socA ki merI thor3I hI Ayu avazeSa hai aura phira yaha ziSya lauTa kara AyegA nahIM, isaliye zeSa pUrvo kA mere samaya se hI vyuccheda smjhnaacaahiye| AryarakSita dazapura cale gaye aura phira lauTakara nahIM Aye / ' nandIsUtra meM dRSTivAda ke pA~ca vibhAga ginAye haiM-parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata (14 pUrva'), anuyoga aura cUlikA | parikama ke dvArA 1. bhAvazyakasUtra, haribhadragaTIkA, pRSTha 300-303 / 2. pUrva dRSTivAda kA hI eka bhAga hai| dazAzrutaskandhacUrNI ke anusAra bhadrabAhu ne dRSTivAda kA uddhAra asamAdhisthAna nAmaka prAbhRta ke AdhAra se kiyA hai / AvazyakabhASya ke anusAra AcArya mahAgiri ke ziSya kauMDinya aura unake ziSya, dUsare nihnava ke pratiSThAtA, azvamitra vidyAnuvAda nAmaka pUrva ke antargata naipuNika vastu meM pAraGgata the| pUrvI meM se aneka sUtra tathA adhyayana Adi uddhRta kiye jAne ke ullekha AgoM kI TIkAoM meM pAye jAte haiN| udAharaNa ke lie, AtmapravAdapUrva meM se dazavaikAlika sUtra kA dhammapaNNatti (SaDjIvanikAya ), karmapravAda meM se piMDesaNA, satyapravAda meM se bakasuddhI nAmaka adhyayana tathA zeSa adhyayana pratyAkhyAnapUrva kI tRtIya vastu se uddhRta haiN| odhaniyukti, bRhaskalpa, dazAzrutaskandha, nizItha aura vyavahAra ko bhI pratyAkhyAnapravAda meM se uddhRta batAyA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke TIkAkAra vAdivetAla zAMtisUri ke anusAra uttarAdhyayana kA pariSaha nAmaka adhyayana dRSTivAda se liyA gayA hai / mahAkalpazruta bhI isI se uddhRta mAnA jAtA hai|

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diddhivAya 103 sUtroM ko yathAvat samajhane kI yogyatA prApta kI jAtI hai / isake sAta bheda haiN| samavAyAMga ke anusAra inameM se prathama cha: bheda svasamaya arthAt apane siddhAMta ke anusAra haiM aura sAtavA~ bheda (cyutAcyutazreNikA) AjIvika sampradAya kI mAnyatA ke anusAra hai| jaina cAra nayoM ko svIkAra karate haiM isaliye ve catuSkanayika kahalAte haiM, jaba ki AjIvika sampradAyavAle vastu ko tri-Atmaka (jaise jIva, ajIva, jIvAjIva ) mAnane ke kAraNa trairAzika kahe jAte haiN| parikarmazAstra apane mUla aura uttarabhedoM sahita naSTa ho gayA hai| sUtra vibhAga meM tIrthakoM ke matamatAMtaroM kA khaMDana hai| isake chinnaccheda, acchinnacheda, trika aura catura nAma ke cAra nayoM kI apekSA bAIsa sUtroM ke aThAsI bheda hote haiM / cAra nayoM meM acchinnaccheda aura trikanaya paripATI AjIvikoM kI, tathA chinnaccheda aura caturnaya paripATI jainoM kI kahI jAtI thii| ina cAra nayoM kA svarUpa nandI aura samavAyAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM samajhAyA gayA hai| pUrva vibhAga meM utpAdapUrva Adi caudaha pUrvagraMthoM kA samAveza hotA hai| tIrthapravartana ke samaya tIrthaMkara apane gaNadharoM ko sarvaprathama pUrvagata sUtrArtha kA hI vivecana karate haiM, isaliye inheM pUrva kahA jAtA hai / 'pUrvadhara' nAma se prakhyAta vikrama kI lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya zivazarmasUri ne kammapayaDi (karmaprakRti) aura sayaga (zataka) kI racanA kI hai / anuyoga arthAt anukUla saMbaMdha / sUtra dvArA pratipAdita artha ke anukUla saMbaMdha ko anuyoga kahA jAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM-mUla prathamAnuyoga aura gaMDikAnuyoga | mUla prathamAnuyoga meM tIrthakara Adi mahAna puruSoM ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai | cUlikA arthAt zikhara | dRSTivAda kA jo viSaya parikarma, sUtra, pUrva aura anuyoga meM nahIM kahA jA sakA, usakA saMgraha cUlikA meM kiyA hai / prathama cAra pUrvo kI hI cUlAyeM batAI gaI haiM / ye saba milakara battIsa hotI haiN| bRhatkalpaniyukti (146) meM tuccha svabhAvavAlI, bahu

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104 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa abhimAnI, caMcala indriyoMvAlI aura manda buddhivAlI saba striyoM ko dRSTivAda (bhUyAvAya) par3hane kA niSedha kiyA hai|' dvAdaza upAMga vaidika graMthoM meM purANa, nyAya aura dharmazAstra ko upAMga kahA hai| cAra vedoM ke bhI aMga aura upAMga hote haiN| zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, nirukta aura jyotiSa ye chaha aMga haiM, tathA purANa, nyAya, mImAMsA aura dharmazAstra upAMga | bAraha aMgoM kI bhA~ti bAraha upAMgoM kA ullekha bhI prAcIna Agama graMthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| naMdIsUtra (44) meM kAlika aura utkAlika rUpa meM hI upAMgoM kA ullekha milatA hai| aMgoM kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI hai aura upAMgoM kI sthaviroM ne, isaliye bhI aMgoM aura upAMgoM kA koI saMbaMdhavizeSa siddha nahIM hotaa| yadyapi kucha AcAryoM ne aMgoM aura upAMgoM kA saMbaMdha jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai, lekina viSaya Adi kI dRSTi se inameM koI saMbaMdha pratIta nahIM hotaa| uvavAiya (ovavAiya-aupapAtika ) upapAta arthAt janma-deva-nArakiyoM ke janma; athavA siddhi javAsAddha gamana kA isa upAMga meM varNana hone se ise aupapAtika kahA hai| vinTaranIz2a ke anusAra ise aupapAtika na kahakara upa 1. prazna kiyA gayA hai ki yadi dRSTivAda meM saba kucha antargata ho jAtA hai to phira usI kA prarUpaNa kiyA jAnA cAhiye, anya AgamoM kA nahIM / uttara meM kahA hai ki durbuddhi, alpAyu tathA striyoM Adi ko lakSya karake anya AgamoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dRSTivAda kI bhA~ti aruNopapAta aura nizItha Adi ke adhyayana kI bhI striyoM ko manAI hai| dekhiye AvazyakacUrNI 1, pR0 35, bRhaskalpabhASya 1,146, pR046 / 2. isa graMtha kA pahalA saMskaraNa kalakatte se san 1880 meM prakAzita hubhA thA / phira bhAgamodaya samiti, bhAvanagara ne ise prakAzita

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uvavAiya 105 pAdika hI kahanA adhika ucita hai| isameM 43 sUtra haiN| abhayadevasUri ne prAcIna TIkAoM ke AdhAra para vRtti likhI hai, jisakA saMzodhana aNahilapATaNa ke nivAsI droNAcArya ne kiyaa| graMtha kA AraMbha campA ke varNana se hotA hai teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM caMpA nAma nayarI hotthA, riddhatthimiyasamiddhA pamuiyajaNajANavayA AiNNajaNamaNussA halasayasahassasaMkiTThavikiTThalaTThapaNNattaseusImA kukkuDasaMDeagAmapaurA ucchujavasAlikaliyA gomahisagavelagappabhUtA AyAravaMtaceiyajuvaivivihasaNNiviTThabahulA ukkoDiyagAyagaMThibheyagabhaDatakkarakhaMDarakkharahiyA khemA NiruvadavA subhikkhA vIsatthasuhAvAsA aNegakoDikuTuMbiyAiNNaNivvuyasuhA NaDaNaTTagajallamallamuTThiyavelaMbayakahagapavagalAsagaAikkhagalaMkhamaMsatUNaillatuMbavINiyaaNegatAlAyarANucariyA ArAmujANaagaDatalAgadIhiyavappiNiguNovaveyA naMdaNavaNasannibhappagAsA | uvviddhaviulagaMbhIrakhAyaphalihA cakkAyamusuMDhiorohasayagghijamalakavADaghaNaduppavesA dhaNukuDilavaMkapAgAraparikkhittA kavisIsayavaTTaraiyasaMThiyavirAyamANA aTTAlayacariyadAragopuratoraNauNNayasuvibhattarAyamaggA cheyAyariyaraiyadaDhaphalihaiMdakIlA | vivaNivaNicchettasippiyAiNNaNivvuyasuhA siMghADagatigacaukkacaccarapaNiyAvaNavivihavatthuparimaMDiyA surammA naravaipaviiNNamahivaipahAaNegavaraturagamattakuMjararahapahakarasIyasaMdamANIyAiNNajANajuggA vimaulaNavaNaliNisobhiyajalA paMDuravarabhavaNasaNNimahiyA uttANaNayaNapecchaNijjA pAsAdIyA darisaNijjA abhirUvA paDirUvA / -usa kAla meM, usa samaya meM campA nAma kI nagarI thI / vaha Rddhiyukta, bhayavarjita aura dhana-dhAnya Adi se samRddha thii| yahA~ kiyaa| tIsarA saMskaraNa paMDita bhUrAlAla kAlidAsa ne vi0 saM0 1914 meM sUrata se prakAzita kiyaa| akhilabhAratIya zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jainazAstroddhArasamiti, rAjakoTa se san 1959 meM hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda sahita isakA eka aura saMskaraNa nikalA hai|

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106 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ke loga bar3e AnandapUrvaka rahate the| janasamUha se yaha AkIrNa thii| yahA~ kI sImA saikar3oM hajAroM haloM se khudI huI thI, aura bIja bone yogya thii| gA~va bahuta pAsa-pAsa the| yahA~ Ikha, jau aura dhAna kI pracura khetI hotI thii| gAya, bhaiMsa, aura bher3a pracura saMkhyA meM thiiN| yahA~ suMdarAkAra caitya aura vezyAoM ke aneka sanniveza the| rizvatakhora, ga~ThakaTe, cora, DAkU aura kara lenevAle zulkapAloM kA abhAva thaa| yaha nagarI upadravarahita thI, yahA~ paryApta bhikSA milatI thI aura loga vizvAsapUrvaka ArAma se rahate the / yahA~ aneka kauTuMbika basate the / isa nagarI meM aneka naTa, nartaka, rassI para khela karanevAle, malla, muSTi se prahAra karane. vAle, vidUSaka, tairAka, gAyaka, jyotiSI, bA~sa para khela karanevAle, citrapaTa dikhAkara bhikSA mA~ganevAle, tUNA bajAnevAle, vINAvAdaka aura tAla denevAle loga basate the| yaha nagarI ArAma, udyAna, tAlAba, bAvar3I Adi ke kAraNa naMdanavana ke samAna pratIta hotI thii| vizAla aura gaMbhIra khAI se yaha yukta thii| cakra, gadA, muMsuMDhi, uroha (chAtI ko coTa pahu~cAnevAlA), zataghnI tathA nizcchidra kapAToM ke kAraNa isameM zatru praveza nahIM kara sakatA thaa| yahA~ vakra prAkAra bane hue the| yaha gola kapizIrSaka (ka~gUre ), aTArI, carikA ( ghara aura prAkAra ke bIca kA mArga), dvAra, gopura, toraNa Adi se ramya thii| isa nagara kI argalA (mUsala) aura indrakIla (oTa) catura zilpiyoM dvArA nirmita kiye gaye the| yahA~ ke bAjAra aura hATa zilpiyoM se AkIrNa the / zRMgATaka, trika, catuSka aura catvara bikrI ke yogya vastuoM aura dUkAnoM se maMDita the| rAjamArga rAjAoM ke gamanAgamana se AkIrNa the| aneka suMdara ghor3e, hAthI, ratha, pAlakI, gAr3I Adi yahA~ kI parama zobhA thii| yahA~ ke tAlAba kamaliniyoM se zobhita the| aneka sundara bhavana yahA~ bane hue the| campA nagarI bar3I prekSaNIya, darzanIya aura manohAriNI thii| campA nagarI ke uttara pUrva meM pUrNabhadra nAma kA eka suprasiddha

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rAyapaseNaiya 107 caitya thA jo eka vanakhaMDa se zobhita thaa| isa vanakhaMDa meM aneka prakAra ke vRkSa lage the| caMpA meM rAjA bhaMbhasAra (biMbasAra) kA putra kUNika (ajAtazatru ) rAjya karatA thaa| eka bAra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra apane ziSyasamudAya ke sAtha vihAra karate hue caMpA meM Aye aura pUrNabhadra caitya meM Thahare | apane vArtAnivedaka se mahAvIra ke Agamana kA samAcAra pAkara kUNika bahuta prasanna huA aura apane antaHpura kI rAniyoM Adi ke sAtha mahAvIra kA dharma zravaNa karane ke liye cala pdd'aa| mahAvIra ne nigraMtha pravacana kA upadeza diyA / usa samaya mahAvIra ke jyeSTha ziSya gautama indrabhUti vahIM pAsa meM dhyAna meM avasthita the| mahAvIra ke samIpa upasthita ho unhoMne jIva aura karma ke saMbaMdha meM aneka prazna kiye | ina praznoM kA uttara dete hue mahAvIra ne daNDa ke prakAra, vidhavA khiyoM, vratI aura sAdhuoM, gaMgAtaTa para rahanevAle vAnaprasthI tApasoM, zramaNoM, brAhmaNa aura kSatriya parivrAjakoM, ammaDa parivrAjaka aura usake ziSyoM, AjIvika tathA anya zramaNoM aura nihnavoM kA vivecana kiyA / janma-saMskAroM aura 72 kalAoM kA ullekha bhI yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| anta meM siddhazilA kA varNana hai / rAyapaseNaiya ( rAjapraznIya) rAjapraznIya kI gaNanA prAcIna AgamoM meM kI jAtI hai / isake do bhAga haiM jinameM 217 sUtra haiN| malayagiri ( IsavI 1. nandIsUtra meM ise rAyapaseNiya kahA gayA hai / malayagiri ne rAyapaseNIa nAma svIkAra kiyA hai / DAkTara viMTaranIz2a ke anusAra mUla meM isa Agama meM rAjA prasenajit kI kathA thI, bAda meM prasenajit ke sthAna meM paesa lagAkara pradezI se isakA sambandha jor3ane kI koziza kI gyii| Agamodayasamiti ne ise 1925 meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha isakA sampAdana paMDita becaradAsa jI ne kiyA hai jo vi0 saMvat 1994 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA hai|

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108 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa sana kI 12vIM zatAbdI) ne isakI TIkA likhI hai| pahale bhAga meM sUryAbhadeva ke vimAna kA vistRta varNana hai| sUryAbhadeva apane parivArasahita mahAvIra ke darzanArtha jAtA hai, unake samakSa upasthita hokara nRtya karatA hai aura nATaka racAtA hai| dUsare bhAga meM pArzvanAtha ke pramukha ziSya kezIkumAra aura zrAvastI ke rAjA pradezI ke bIca AtmAsaMbaMdhI vizada carcA kI gaI hai / ' anta meM pradezI kezIkumAra ke mata ko svIkAra kara unake dharma kA anuyAyI bana jAtA hai| ___ aupapAtika sUtra kI bhA~ti isa grantha kA AraMbha AmalakappA nagarI ke varNana se hotA hai| isa nagarI ke uttara-pUrva meM AmrazAlavana nAma kA caitya thA, jisake cAroM ora eka suMdara udyAna thaa| __ caMpA nagarI meM seya nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka bAra mahAvIra aneka zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ke sAtha vihAra karate hue AmalakappA padhAre aura AmrazAlavana meM Thahara gaye / rAjA seya apane parivArasahita mahAvIra ke darzanArtha gyaa| mahAvIra ne dharmopadeza diyaa| saudharma svarga meM rahanevAle sUryAbhadeva ko jaba mahAvIra ke Agamana kI sUcanA milI to vaha apanI paTarAniyoM Adi ke sAtha vimAna meM ArUr3ha ho AmalakappA jA pahu~cA | sUryAbhadeva ne mahAvIra se kucha prazna kiye aura phira unheM 32 prakAra ke nATaka dikhAye / vimAna kI racanA ke prasaMga meM yahA~ vedikA, sopAna, pratiSThAna, staMbha, phalaka, sUcikA, tathA prekSAgRha, vAdya aura nATakoM ke abhinaya Adi kA varNana hai jo sthApatyakalA, saMgItakalA aura nATyakalA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / isa 1. milAiye dIghanikAya ke pAyAsisutta ke sAtha / 2. yahA~ varNita IhAmRga, vRSabha, ghor3A, manuSya, magara, pakSI, sarpa, kisara, zarabha, camarI gAya, hAthI, vanalatA aura padmalatA ke moTifa (abhiprAya ) IsavI san kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI kI mathurA kI

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rAyapaseNaiya 109 prasaMga meM yahA~ pustakasaMbaMdhI Dora, gA~Tha, dAvAta (lippAsana), Dhakkana, zyAhI, lekhanI aura puDhe (kaMbiyA) kA ullekha hai| dUsare bhAga meM rAjA pradezI aura kumArazramaNa kezI kA sarasa saMvAda AtA hai| seyaviyA nagarI meM rAjA pradezI nAma kA koI rAjA rAjya karatA thA | usake sArathI kA nAma citta thA / citta zAma, dAma, daNDa aura bheda meM kuzala thA, isaliye pradezI use bahuta mAnatA thaa| eka bAra citta sArathI zrAvastI ke rAjA jitazatru ke pAsa koI bheMTa lekara gayA | vahA~ usane pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI kezI nAmaka kumArazramaNa ke darzana kiye| kezIkumAra ne cAturyAma dharma (prANAtipAtaviramaNa, mRSAvAdaviramaNa, adattAdAnaviramaNa aura bahiddhAdAnaviramaNa) kA upadeza diyA / kucha samaya bAda jaba citta sArathI seyaviyA lauTane lagA to usane kezIkumAra ko seyaviyA padhArane kA nimaMtraNa diyA / samaya bItane para kezIkumAra vihAra karate hue zrAvastI se seyaviyA padhAre / avasara pAkara citta sArathI kisI bahAne se rAjA pradezI ko unake darzana ke liye livA le gayA / rAjA pradezI ne jIva aura zarIra ko eka siddha karane ke liye bahuta-sI yuktiyA~ dI, kezIkumAra ne unakA nirAkaraNa kara jIva aura zarIra ko bhinna siddha kiyA tae NaM kesI kumArasamaNe paesiM rAyaM evaM vayAsI "paesI, se jahAnAmae kUDAgArasAlA siyA duhaolittA guttA, guttaduArA nivAyagaMbhIrA / ahaM NaM kei purise bheriM ca daNDaM ca gahAya kUDAgArasAlAe anto anto agupavisai / aNupavi sthApatya kalA meM citrita haiM / vAyoM ke sambandha meM kAphI gar3abar3I mAlUma hotI hai| mUlapATha meM inakI saMkhyA 49 kahI gaI hai, lekina vAstavika saMkhyA 59 hai| bahuta se vAdyoM kA svarUpa aspaSTa hai| TIkAkAra ke anusAra nATyavidhiyoM kA ullekha caudaha pUrvo ke antargata nATyavidhi nAmaka prAbhRta meM milatA hai, lekina yaha prAbhRta vicchinna hai|

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110 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa sittA tIse kUDAgArasAlAe savvao samantA ghaNaniciyanirantaranicchiDDAiM duvAravayaNAI pihei | tIse kUDAgArasAlAe bahumajjhadesabhAe ThiccA taM bheri daNDaeNa mahayA-mahayA sadeNaM tAlejA | se nUNaM paesI, se sadde NaM antohito bahiyA niggacchai ?" "hantA niggacchai / " "asthi NaM paesI, tIse kUDAgArasAlAe kei chir3e vA jAva rAI vA jao NaM se sadde antohiMto bahiyA niggae ?" "no iNaDhe samaDhe / " "evAmeva, paesI, jIve vi appaDihayagaI puDhaviM bhiccA silaM pavvayaM bhiccA antohito bahiyA niggacchai / taM saddahAhi NaM tuma, paesI, anno jIvo annaM sarIraM, no taM jIvo taM sarIraM / " -kumArazramaNa kezI ne rAjA pradezI se kahA "pradezI ! kalpanA karo koI kUTAgArazAlA donoM ora se lipI-putI hai, aura usake dvAra cAroM ora se banda haiM, jisase usameM vAyu praveza na kara sake | aba yadi koI puruSa bherI aura bajAne kA DaMDA lekara usake andara praveza kare, aura praveza karane ke bAda dvAroM ko khUba acchI taraha banda kara le, phira usameM baiThakara jora-z2ora se bherI bajAye, to kyA he pradezI! vaha zabda . bAhara sunAI degA ?" "hA~, vaha zabda bAhara sunAI degaa|" "kyA kUTAgArazAlA meM koI chidra hai jisase zabda nikala kara bAhara calA jAtA hai ?" - "nahIM, aisI bAta nahIM hai|" "isI prakAra, he pradezI ! jIva kI gati koI nahIM roka sktaa| vaha pRthvI, zilA aura parvata ko bhedakara bAhara calA . jAtA hai| isaliye tumheM isa bAta para vizvAsa karanA cAhiye ki jIva bhinna hai aura zarIra bhinna hai, tathA jIva aura zarIra eka nahIM ho sakane /

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jIvAjIvAbhigama : yahA~ kaMbojadeza ke ghor3oM; kSatriya, gRhapati, brAhmaNa aura RSi nAma kI cAra pariSad; kalA, zilpa aura dharma AcArya nAma ke tIna AcArya zAstra, agni, maMtra aura viSa dvArA mAraNa ke upAya tathA 72 kalAoM kA ullekha hai| jIvAjIvAbhigama pakkhiya aura naMdIsUtra meM jIvAjIvAbhigama kI gaNanA ukkAliya sUtroM meM kI gaI hai| isameM gautama gaNadhara aura mahAvIra ke prazna-uttara ke rUpa meM jIva aura ajIva ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistRta varNana hai|' prAcIna paraMparA ke anusAra isameM bIsa vibhAga the| malayagiri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| unake anusAra isa upAMga meM aneka sthaloM para vAcanAbheda haiM aura bahuta se sUtra vicchinna ho gaye haiM / haribhadra aura devasUri ne isa para laghu vRttiyA~ likhI haiM / isa sUtra para eka-eka cUrNI bhI hai jo aprakAzita hai / prastuta sUtra meM nau prakaraNa (pratipatti) haiM jinameM 272 sUtra haiN| tIsarA prakaraNa sabase bar3A hai jisameM devoM tathA dvIpa aura sAgaroM kA vistRta varNana hai / isa prakaraNa meM ratna, astra, dhAtu, madya, pAtra, 1. malayagiri kI TIkA sahita devacanda lAlabhAI, nirNayasAgara, bambaI se san 1919 meM prakAzita / / 2. yahA~ candraprabhA (candramA ke samAna raMgavAlI), maNizalAkA, 'varasIdhu, varavAruNI, phalaniryAsasAra (phaloM ke rasa se taiyAra kI huI), patraniryAsasAra, puSpaniryAsasAra, coyaniryAsasAra, bahuta dravyoM ko milA kara taiyAra kI huI, saMdhyA ke samaya taiyAra ho jAnevAlI, madhu, meraka, riSTha nAmaka ratna ke samAna varNavAlI, dugdhajAti (pIne meM dUdha ke samAna laganevAlI ), prasannA, nellaka, zatAyu (sau bAra zuddha karane para bhI jaisI kI taisI rahanevAlI), khajUrasAra, mRdvIkAsAra (drAkSAsava), kApizAyana, supaka aura kSodarasa (Ikha ke rasa ko pakAkara taiyAra kI huI ) nAmaka madyoM ke prakAra batAye gaye haiN| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata

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112 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AbhUSaNa, bhavana, vastra, miSTAnna, dAsa, tyohAra, utsava, yAna, kalaha aura roga Adi ke prakAroM kA ullekha hai| jambUdvIpa ke varNanaprasaMga meM padmavaravedikA kI dahalIz2a (nema), nIMva (pratiSTAna ), khaMbhe, paTiye, sA~dhe, nalI, chAjana Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai jo sthApatyakalA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isI prasaMga meM udyAna vApI, puSpakariNI, toraNa, aSTamaMgala, kadalIghara, prasAdhanaghara, Adarzaghara, latAmaMDapa, Asana, zAlabhaMjikA,' siMhAsana aura sudharmA sabhA Adi kA varNana hai / panavaNA (prajJApanA) prajJApanA meM 346 sUtra haiM jinameM prajJApanA, sthAna, lezyA, samyaktva, samuddhAta Adi 36 padoM kA pratipAdana hai| ye pada gautama indrabhUti aura mahAvIra ke praznottaroM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye haiN| jaise aMgoM meM bhagavatIsUtra, vaise hI upAMgoM meM prajJApanA sabase bar3A hai| isake kartA vAcakavaMzIya pUrvadhArI AryazyAma haiM jo sudharmA svAmI kI teisavIM pIr3hI meM hue aura mahAvIra-nirvANake 376 varSa bAda maujUda the| haribhadrasUri ne isa para viSama padoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue pradezavyAkhyA nAma meM matha ke prakAroM kA ullekha hai / manusmRti (11-94 ) meM nau prakAra ke madya batAye gaye haiM / dekhiye Ara0 ela0 mitra, iNDo-Aryana, jilda 1, pR. 366 ityAdi, jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA, pR0 124-26 / sammohavinodinI aTThakathA (pR0 381) meM pA~ca prakAra kI surA batAI gaI hai| 1. avadAnazataka (6, 53, pRSTha 302) meM zrAvastI meM zAlabhaMjikA tyohAra manAne kA varNana hai| 2. malayagiri kI TokAsahita nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI 19141919 meM prakAzita / paMDita bhagavAnadAsa harSacandra ne mUla grantha aura TIkA kA gujarAtI anuvAda ahamadAbAda se vi0 saMvat 1991 meM tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita kiyA hai|

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pannavaNA kI laghuvRtti likhI hai|' usI ke AdhAra para malayagiri ne prastuta TIkA likhI hai| kulamaMDana ne isa para avacUri kI racanA kI hai| yahA~ para bhI aneka pAThabhedoM kA ullekha hai| TIkAkAra ne bahuta se zabdoM kI vyAkhyA na karake unheM 'sampradAyagamya' kahakara chor3a diyA hai / pahale pada meM pRthivI, jala, agni, vAyu tathA vRkSa, bIja, guccha, latA, tRNa, kamala, kaMda, mUla, magara, matsya, sarpa, pazu, pakSI Adi kA varNana hai| anAryoM meM zaka, yavana, kirAta, zabara, barbara Adi mleccha jAtiyoM kA ullekha hai| Arya kSetroM meM 253 3 dezoM kA ; jAti-AryoM meM aMbaSTha, videha ___1. RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA kI ora se san 1947 meM ratalAma se prakAzita / 2. yahA~ sUtra 33 meM sAha, khavalla (Adhunika kevai), jaMga, (jhiMgA), vijjhaDiya, hali, magari (maMgUrI), rohiya (rohU), halIsAgarA, gAgarA, vaDA, vaDagarA (bullA), gabbhayA, usagArA, timitimigilA (barArI), NakA, taMdulA, kaNikA (kanaI ), sAlisasthiyA, laMbhaNa, paDAgA aura paDAgAipaDAgA machaliyoM ke nAma diye haiN| macchakhala kA ullekha AcArAMga (2, 1, 1, 4) meM milatA hai| ise dhUpa meM sukhAkara bhoja Adi ke avasara para kAma meM lete the / uttarAdhyayana ( 19.64) tathA vipAkasUtra (6, pRSTha 47) meM machalI pakar3ane ke aneka prakAroM kA ullekha hai / aMgavijA (adhyAya 50, pRSTha 228) bhI dekhiye / dhanapAla ne pAialacchInAmamAlA (60) meM saulA (saurI), saharA, mINA, timI, jhasA aura aNamisA kA ullekha kiyA hai| khAsakara uttara bihAra meM machaliyoM kI saikar3oM kismeM pAI jAtI haiM jinameM rohU, barArI, nainI, bhakurA, paTayA Adi mukhya haiN| 3. magadha ( rAjagRha), 2 aMga (campA), 3 vaMga (tAmralipti), 4 kaliMga (kAMcanapura), 5 kAzI (vArANasI), 6 kozala (sAketa), 7 kuru (gajapura), 8 kuzAvarta (zauripura ), 9 pAMcAla (kAMpilyapura), 10 jAMgala (ahicchatrA), 11 saurASTra (dvAravatI), 12 videha (mithilA), 8prA0sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa Adi kA ; kula-AryoM meM ugra, bhoga, Adi kA ; karma-AryoM meM kapAsa, sUta, kapar3A Adi vecanevAloM kA, aura zilpa-AryoM meM bunakara, paTave, citrakAra, mAlAkAra Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ardhamAgadhI bolanevAloM ko bhASA-Arya kahA hai| isI prasaMga meM brAhmI, yavanAnI, kharoSTrI, aMkalipi, Adarzalipi Adi kA ullekha hai| ___ bhASA nAma ke gyArahaveM pada kA vivecana upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne kiyA hai, jisakA gujarAtI bhAvArtha paMDita bhagavAnadAsa harSacandra ne prajJApanAsUtra dvitIya khaMDa meM diyA hai| sUriyapannatti ( sUryaprajJapti) sUryaprajJapti' para bhadrabAhu ne niyukti likhI thI jo kalikAla ke doSa se Ajakala upalabdha nahIM hai ! isa para malayagiri ne TIkA likhI hai| isa grantha meM sUrya, candra aura nakSatroM kI gati Adi kA 108 sUtroM meM, 20 prAbhRtoM meM vistArasahita varNana hai / bIca-bIca meM granthakAra ne isa viSaya kI anya mAnyatAoM kA bhI 13 varasa (kauzAMbI), 14 zAMDilya (nandipura), 15 malaya (bhadilapura), 16 matsya ( vairATa), 17 varaNA (acchA), 18 dazArNa (mRttikAvatI), 19 cedi (zukti), 20 sindhu-saucIra (vItibhaya), 21 zUrasena (mathurA), . 22 bhaMgi (pApA), 23 vaTTA ( mAsapurI ?), 24 kuNAla (zrAvasti ), 25 lAr3ha (koTivarSa), 256 kekayIardha (shvetikaa)| inakI pahacAna ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 250-56 / 1. yaha grantha malayagiri kI TIkAsahita Agamodayasamiti, nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI 1919 meM prakAzita huA hai| binA TIkA ke mUla grantha ko samajhanA kaThina hai| vebara ne isa para 'uvera DI sUryaprajJapti' nAmaka nibandha san 1868 meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| DaoNkTara Ara0 zAmazAstrI ne isa upAMga kA saMkSipta anuvAda 'e brIfa TrAnsalezana oNtra mahAvIrAja sUryaprajJapti' nAma se kiyA hai, yaha dekhane meM nahIM A skaa|

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jambuddIvapannatti ullekha kiyA hai| pahale prAbhRta meM do sUryoM kA ullekha hai|' jaba sUrya dakSiNa, pazcima, uttara aura pUrva dizAoM meM ghUmatA hai to meru ke dakSiNa, pazcima, uttara aura pUrvavartI pradezoM meM dina hotA hai / bhramaNa karate hue donoM sUryoM meM paraspara kitanA aMtara rahatA hai, kitane dvIpa-samudroM kA avagAhana karake sUrya bhramaNa karatA hai, eka rAta-dina meM vaha kitane kSetra meM ghUmatA hai Adi kA varNana isa prAbhRta meM kiyA gayA hai / dUsare prAbhRta meM sUrya ke udaya aura asta kA varNana hai| isa saMbaMdha meM anya aneka mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hai| tIsare prAbhRta meM candra-sUrya dvArA prakAzita dvIpa-samudroM kA varNana hai| cauthe prAbhRta meM candra-sUrya ke AkAra Adi kA pratipAdana hai| chaThe prAbhRta meM sUrya ke oja kA kathana hai| dasaveM prAbhRta meM nakSatroM ke gotra Adi kA ullekha hai| inameM maudgalyAyana, sAMkhyAyana, gautama, bhAradvAja, vAsiSTha, kAzyapa, kAtyAyana Adi gotra mukhya haiN| kauna se nakSatra meM kauna sA bhojana lAbhakArI hotA hai, isakA varNana hai| pUrvAphAlgunI meM mer3haka kA, uttarAphAlgunI meM nakhavAle pazuoM kA aura revatI meM jalacara kA mAMsa lAbhakArI batAyA hai / aThArahaveM adhyAya meM sUrya-candra ke paribhramaNa kA varNana hai / bAIsaveM adhyAya meM nakSatroM kI sImA, viSkaMbha Adi kA pratipAdana hai / terahaveM prAbhRta meM candramA kI hAni vRddhi kA ullekha hai| jambuddIvapannatti ( jambUdvIpaprajJapti ) jambUdvIpaprajJapti para malayagiri ne TIkA likhI thI, lekina vaha naSTa ho gii| tatpazcAt isa para kaI TIkAyeM likhI gii| 1. bhAskara ne apane siddhAMtaziromaNi aura brahmagupta ne apane sphuTasiddhAMta meM jainoM kI do sUrya aura do candra kI mAnyatA kA khaMDana kiyA hai| lekina DaoNkTara thIbo ne batAyA hai ki grIka logoM ke bhAratavarSa meM Ane ke pahale jainoM kA ukta siddhAMta sarvamAnya thaa| dekhiye jaranala oNva da eziyATika sosAiTI oNva baMgAla, jilda 49, pRSTha 107 Adi, 181 Adi, 'Ana da sUryaprajJapti' nAmaka lekha /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dharmasAgaropAdhyAya ne vi0 saM0 1636 meM TIkA likhI jise unhoMne apane guru hIravijaya ke nAma se prasiddha kiyA / puNyasAgaropAdhyAya ne vi0 saM0 1645 meM isakI TIkA kI racanA kI; yaha TIkA aprakAzita hai| usake bAda bAdazAha akabara ke guru hIravijaya sUri ke ziSya zAnticandravAcaka ne vi0 saM0 1650 meM prameyaratnamaMjUSA nAma kI TIkA likhii|' brahmarpi ne eka dUsarI TIkA likhI, yaha bhI aprakAzita hai| aneka sthAnoM para truTita hone ke kAraNa prameyaratnamaMjUSA TIkA kI pUrti jIvAjIvAbhigama Adi ke pAThoM se kI gaI hai| yaha grantha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai-pUrvArdha aura uttarArdha / pUrvArdha meM cAra aura uttarArdha meM tIna vakSaskAra haiM jo 176 sUtroM meM vibhakta haiM / pahale vakSaskAra meM jambUdvIpasthita bharatakSetra (bhAratavarSa) kA varNana hai jo aneka durgama sthAna, parvata, guphA, nadI, aTavI, zvApada Adi se veSTita hai, jahA~ aneka taskara, pAkhaMDI, yAcaka Adi rahate haiM aura jo aneka viplava, rAjyopadrava, duSkAla, roga Adi se AkrAnta hai| dUsare vakSaskAra meM avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kA varNana karate hue suSamA-suSamA, suSamA, suSamAduSamA, duSamA-suSamA, duSamA aura duSamA suSamA nAma ke chaha kAloM kA vijecana hai| suSamA-suSamA kAla meM dasa prakAra ke kalpavRkSoM kA varNana hai jinase iSTa padArthoM kI prApti hotI hai| suSamA-duSamA nAma ke tIsare kAla meM 15 kulakaroM kA janma huA jinameM nAbhi kulakara kI marudevI nAma kI patnI se Adi tIrthaMkara RSabha utpanna hue| RSabha kozala ke nivAsI the, tathA ve prathama 1. yaha grantha zAnticandra kI TIkA ke sAtha devacanda lAlabhAI granthamAlA meM nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI meM 1920 meM prakAzita huA hai| isa grantha kI cUrNI devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra granyAMka 110 meM chapa rahI hai| kucha mudrita pharme muni puNyavijayajI kI kRpA se dekhane ko mujhe mile| digambara AcArya padmanandimuni ne bhI jambuddIvapannatti kI racanA kI hai / dekhiye Age cauthA adhyAya /

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candapannatti . rAjA, prathama jina, prathama kevalI, prathama tIrthaMkara aura prathama dharmavaracakravartI kahe jAte the| unhoMne 72 kalAoM, striyoM kI 64 kalAoM tathA aneka zilpoM kA upadeza diyA / tatpazcAt apane putroM kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara zramaNadharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kI / tapasvI-jIvana meM unhoMne aneka upasarga sahana kiye / purimatAla nagara ke udyAna meM unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huI aura ve sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI kahalAne lge| aSTApada (kailAza) parvata para unhoMne siddhi prApta kii| unakI asthiyoM para caitya aura stUpa sthApita kiye gaye | duSamA suSamA nAma ke cauthe kAla meM 23 tIrthakara, 11 cakravartI, 6 baladeva aura 6 vAsudevoM ne janma liyaa| duSamA kAla meM dharma aura cAritra ke, tathA duSamA-duSamA nAmaka chaThe kAla meM pralaya hone para samasta manuSya, pazu, pakSI aura vanaspati ke nAza hone kA ullekha hai| tIsare vakSaskAra meM bharata cakravartI aura usakI digvijaya kA vistRta varNana hai / ' isa avasara para bharata aura kirAtoM kI senAoM meM ghanaghora yuddha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aSTApadaH parvata para bharata cakravartI ko nirvANa prApta huA / pA~caveM vakSaskAra meM tIrthaMkara ke janmotsava kA varNana hai| candapannatti ( candraprajJapti) candraprajJapti kA viSaya sUryaprajJapti se bilakula milatA hai / isameM 20 prAbhRtoM meM candra ke paribhramaNa kA varNana hai / sUryaprajJapti kI bhA~ti ina prAbhRtoM kA varNana gautama indrabhUti aura mahAvIra 1. tulanA ke liye viSNupurANa aura bhAgavatapurANa (5) dekhanA caahiye| 2. viMTaranIz2a ke anusAra mUlarUpa meM isa upAMga kI gaNanA sUryaprajJapti se pahale kI jAtI thI aura isakA viSaya maujUdA viSaya se bhinna thA, hisTrI oNva iMDiyana liTarecara, bhAga 2, pRSTha 457 /

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118 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ke praznottaroM ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| bIca-bIca meM anya mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hai| isa para malayagiri ne TIkA likhI hai / zrIamolaka RSi ne isakA hindI anuvAda kiyA hai jo haidarAbAda se prakAzita huA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti ko aMgabAhya zruta meM ginA gayA hai| nirayAvaliyA athavA kappiyA ( kalpikA ) niravaliyA zrutaskaMdha meM pA~ca upAMga haiM-1. nirayAvaliyA athavA kappiyA ( kalpikA), 2. kappavaDaMsiyA (kalpAvataMsikA), 3. puphiyA (puSpikA), 4. pupphacUliyA (puSpacUlikA ), 5. vaNhidasA (vRssnnidshaa)|' zrIcandrasUri ne ina para TIkA likhI hai| pahale ye pA~coM upAMga nirayAvalisUtra (niraya+ Avalinaraka kI AvalikA kA jisameM varNana ho) ke nAma se kahe jAte the, lekina Age calakara 12 upAMgoM aura 12 aMgoM kA saMbaMdha jor3ane ke liye inheM alaga-alaga ginA jAne lgaa| rAjagRha meM vihAra karate samaya sudharmA nAmaka gaNadhara ne apane ziSya Arya jambU ke praznoM kA samAdhAna karane ke liye ina upAMgoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| nirayAvaliyA sUtra meM dasa adhyayana haiN| pahale adhyayana meM kUNika (ajAtazatru ) kA janma, kUNika kA apane pitA zreNika (biMbasAra) ko jela meM DAlakara svayaM rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThanA, zreNika kI AtmahatyA, kUNika kA apane choTe bhAI vehallakumAra se secanaka hAthI lauTAne ke liye anurodha, tathA kUNika aura vaizAlI ke gaNarAjA ceTaka ke yuddha kA varNana hai-2 1. prophesara gopANI aura caukasI dvArA saMpAdita, 1938 meM ahama'dAbAda se prakAzita / . 2. dIghanikAya ke mahAparinimbANasutta meM vajiyoM ke viruddha bhajAtazatru ke yuddha kA varNana hai|

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nirayAvaliyA tae NaM se kUNie kumAre annayA kayAi seNiyassa ranno aMtaraM jANai, jANittA seNiyaM rAyaM niyalabaMdhaNaM karei, karettA appANaM mahayA mahayA rAyAbhiseeNaM abhisiMcAvei / tae NaM se kUNie kumAre rAyA jAe mahayA mhyaa...| tae NaM se kUNie rAyA annayA kayAi NAe jAva savyAlaMkAravibhUsie cellaNAe devIe pAyavaMdae havvamAgacchai / tae NaM se kUNie rAyA cellaNaM deviM ohaya0 jAva jhiyAyamANiM pAsai, pAsittA cellaNAe devIe pAyaggahaNaM karei, karettA cellaNaM devi evaM vayAsi-kiM NaM ammo, tumhaM na tuTThI vA na Usae vA na harise vA nANaMde vA ? jaM NaM ahaM sayameva rajjasiriM jAva viharAmi | tae NaM sA cellaNA devI kUNiyaM rAyaM evaM vayAsi kaNNaM puttA, mamaM tuTThI vA ussae harise vA ANaMde vA bhavissai ? jaM NaM tuma seNiyaM rAyaM piyaM devayaM gurujaNagaM accaMtanehANurAgarattaM niyalabaMdhaNaM karittA appANaM mahayA rAyAbhiseeNaM abhisiMcAvesi / tae NaM se kUNie rAyA cillaNaM devi evaM vayAsI-ghAeukAme NaM ammo, mama seNie rAyA, evaM mAreuM baMdhiuM nicchubhiukAmae NaM ammo, mamaM seNie rAyA, taM kahannaM ammo mamaM seNie rAyA accaMtanehANurAgarate ? tae NaM sA cellaNA devI kUNiyaM kumAraM evaM vayAsI-evaM khalu puttA, tumaMsi mama gabbhe AbhUye samANe tiNhaM mAsANaM bahupaDipunnANaM mamaM ameyArUve dohale pAunbhUe-dhannAo NaM tAo ammayAo jAva aMgapaDicAriyAo niravasesaM bhANiyavvaM jAva jAhe vi ya NaM tuma veyaNAe abhibhUe mahayA jAva tusiNIe saMciTThasi evaM khalu tava puttA, seNiye rAyA accaMtanehANurAgaratte / tae NaM kUNie rAyA cellaNAe devIe aMtie eyamahra soccA nisamma cillaNaM devi evaM vayAsi-duTuM NaM ammo, mae kayaM, seNiyaM rAyaM piyaM devayaM gurujaNagaM aJcaMtanehANurAgarattaM niyalabaMdhaNaM karateNaM, taM gacchAmi NaM seNiyassa ranno sayameva niyalANi chiMdAmi tti kaTTu parasuhatthagae jeNeva cAragasAlA teNeva pahArittha gmnnaae|

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120 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -isake bAda kUNika kumAra ne rAjA ke doSoM kA patA lagAkara use ber3I meM baMdhavA diyA aura bar3e ThATha-bATa se apanA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| eka dina vaha snAna kara aura alaMkAroM se vibhUpita ho celanA rAnI ke pAda-caMdana karane ke liye gayA / usane dekhA ki celanA kisI soca-vicAra meM baiThI huI hai / kRNika ne celanA ke caraNasparza kara prazna kiyA-"mA~, aba to maiM rAjA bana gayA hU~, phira tuma kyoM santuSTa nahIM ho ?" celanA ne uttara diyA-"beTe, tU ne tujhase sneha karanevAle devatulya apane pitA ko jela meM DAla diyA hai, phira bhalA mujhe kaise saMtoSa ho sakatA hai ?" kUNika ne kahA-"mA~, vaha nerI hatyA karanA cAhatA thA, mujhe dezanikAlA denA cAhatA thA, phira tuma kaise kahatI ho ki vaha mujhase sneha karatA thA ?" celanA ne uttara diyA-"beTe, tU nahIM jAnatA ki jaba tU garbha meM AyA to mujhe tere pitA ke udara kA mAMsa bhakSaNa karane kA dohada huA / ' usa samaya tere pitA ko hAni pahu~cAye binA abhayakumAra kI kuzala yukti se merI icchA pUrI kI gaI / tere paidA hone para tujhe apazakuna jAna kara maiMne tujhe kUr3I para phikavA diyaa| vahA~ murge kI pUMcha se terI u~galI meM coTa laga jAne ke kAraNa terI u~galI meM bedanA hone lgii| usa samaya terI vedanA zAnta karane ke liye tere pitA terI dukhatI huI uMgalI ko apane mu~ha meM DAlakara cUsa lete jisase terA darda zAnta ho jaataa| isase tU samajha sakatA hai ki rAjA tujhe kitanA pyAra karatA thaa|" yaha sunakara kUNika ko apane kiye para bahuta pazcAttApa huA, aura vaha hAtha meM kuThAra le apane pitA ke baMdhana kATane ke liye jela kI ora cala diyaa| 1. bauddhoM ke anusAra rAjA ke dAhine ghuTane kA rasapAna karane kA dohada rAnI ko huA thA (dIghanikAya aTThakathA, 1, pRSTha 133 ityaadi)| .. bauddha anyoM ke anusAra ajAtazatru ne apane pitA ko sApanageha meM rakkhA thA, kevala usakI mAtA hI usase milane jA sakatI thii|

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kappavaDaMsiyA 121 kappavaDaMsiyA ( kalpAvataMsikA ) kalpAvataMsikA ( kalpAvataMsa arthAt vimAnavAsI deva) meM dasa adhyayana haiN| inameM rAjA zreNika ke dasa pautroM kA varNana hai / puphiyA (puSpikA) puSpikA meM bhI dasa adhyayana haiN| pahale aura dUsare adhyayanoM meM candra aura sUrya kA varNana hai| tIsare adhyayana meM somila brAhmaNa kI kathA hai| isa brAhmaNa ne vAnaprastha tapasviyoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| vaha dizAoM kA pUjaka thA tathA bhujAyeM Upara uThAkara sUryAbhimukha ho tapa kiyA karatA thaa| cauthe adhyayana meM subhadrA nAma kI AryikA kI kathA hai| saMtAna na hone ke kAraNa subhadrA atyaMta dukhI rhtii| usane suvratA ke pAsa zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kara lI / lekina AryikA hokara bhI subhadrA bAlakoM se bahuta sneha karatI thii| kabhI vaha unakA zrRMgAra karatI, kabhI godI meM baiThAkara unheM khilAtI-pilAtI aura unase krIr3A kiyA karatI thii| use bahuta samajhAyA gayA lekina vaha na maanii| dasare janma meM vaha kisI brAhmaNa ke kala meM utpanna huI aura baccoM ke mAre usakI nAka meM dama ho gyaa|' vaha apane bAloM meM bhojana chipA kara le jAne lagI, bAda meM usane apane zarIra para sugaMdhita jala lagAnA zurU kiyA jise cATakara rAjA apanI kSudhA zAnta kara letA thaa| ajAtazatru ko jaba isa bAta kA patA lagA to usane apanI mAtA kA milanA banda kara diyaa| ajAtazatru ne gusse meM Akara rAjA ke pairoM ko kATa kara use tela aura namaka meM talavAyA jisase rAjA kI mRtyu ho gii| itane meM ajAtazatru ko putrajanma kA samAcAra milaa| vaha apane pitA ko tApanageha se mukta karanA cAhatA thA, lekina usake to prANoM kA anta ho cukA thA ! vahI, pRSTha 135 ityaadi| 1. sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra isa adhyayana meM prabhAvatI kA varNana honA cAhiye thaa|

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122 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pupphacUlA (puSpacUlA) isa upAMga meM zrI, hrI, dhRti Adi dasa adhyayana haiN| vahidasA ( vRSNidazA) nandIcUrNI ke anusAra yahA~ para aMdhaga zabda kA lopa ho gayA hai, vastutaH isa upAMga kA nAma aMdhagavRSNidazA hai / isameM bAraha adhyayana haiM | pahale adhyayana meM dvAravatI (dvArakA) nagarI ke rAjA kRSNa vAsudeva kA varNana hai| ariSTanemi vihAra karate hue raivataka parvata para Aye | kRSNa vAsudeva hAthI para savAra ho apane dala-bala sahita unake darzana ke liye gye| vRSNivaMza ke 12 putroM ne ariSTanemi ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii|

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dasa paiNNaga ( dasa prakIrNaka ) naMdIsUtra ke TIkAkAra malayagiri ke anusAra tIrthakara dvArA STa zruta kA anusaraNa karake zramaNa prakIrNakoM kI racanA haiM, athavA zruta kA anusaraNa karake vacanakauzala se dharma| Adi ke prasaMga se zramaNoM dvArA kathita racanAyeM prakIrNaka jAtI haiN| mahAvIra ke kAla meM prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA 00 batAI gaI hai| Ajakala mukhyatayA nimnalikhita dasa rgaka upalabdha haiM-causaraNa (catuHzaraNa ), AurapaJcakkhANa turapratyAkhyAna ), mahApaJcakkhANa (mahApratyAkhyAna ), bhattagA (bhaktaparijJA), tandulaveyAliya (tandulavaicArika), ga (saMstAraka ), gacchAyAra (gacchAcAra ), gaNivijjA gavidyA), deviMdathaya ( devendrastava) maraNasamAhI (mrnndhe)| causaraNa (catuHzaraNa) catuHzaraNa ko kusalANubaMdhi ajhayaNa bhI kahA hai| isameM thAyeM haiM / arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu aura jinadezita dharma ko tri zaraNa mAnA gayA hai, isaliye isa prakIrNaka ko paraNa kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ duSkRta kI nindA aura sukRta te anurAga vyakta kiyA hai| isa prakIrNaka ko trisaMdhya dhyAna yogya kahA hai| antima gAthA meM vIrabhadra kA ullekha hone 1. kucha loga maraNasamAhI aura gacchAyAra ke sthAna para candAvijjhaya vedhyaka) aura vIratthava ko dasa prakIrNakoM meM mAnate haiN| anya gya aura vIratthava ko milA dete haiM, tathA saMthAraga ko nahIM ginate nakI jagaha gacchAyAra aura maraNasamAhI kA ullekha karate haiN| raNa Adi dasa prakIrNaka Agamodaya samiti kI ora se 1927 meM ta hue haiN|

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124 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa se yaha racanA vIrabhadrakRta mAnI jAtI hai| isa para bhuvanatuMga kI vRtti aura guNaratna kI avacUri hai / AurapaJcakkhANa ( AturapratyAkhyAna) ise bRhadAturapratyAkhyAna bhI kahA hai| isameM 70 gAthAyeM haiN| dasa gAthAoM ke bAda kA kucha bhAga gadya meM hai| yahA~ bAlamaraNa aura paMDitamaraNa ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecana hai| pratyAkhyAna ko zAzvata gati kA sAdhaka batAyA hai| isake kartA bhI vIrabhadra mAne jAte haiN|' isa para bhI bhuvanatuGga ne vRtti aura guNaratna ne avacUri likhI hai| mahApacakkhANa ( mahApratyAkhyAna ) isameM 142 gAthAyeM haiM jisameM se kucha anuSTup chanda meM haiN| yahA~ duScaritra kI nindA kI gaI hai| ekatva bhAvanA, mAyA kA tyAga, saMsAra-paribhramaNa, paMDitamaraNa, pudgaloM se atRpti, pA~ca mahAvrata, duSkRtanindA, vairAgya ke kAraNa, vyutsarjana, ArAdhanA Adi vividha viSayoM para yahA~ vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pratyAkhyAna ke pAlana karane se siddhi batAI hai| bhattapariNaya ( bhaktaparijJA) isameM 172 gAthAyeM haiM / abhyudyata maraNa dvArA ArAdhanA hotI hai| isa maraNa ko bhaktaparijJA, iMginI aura pAdopagamana ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA batAyA hai| darzana ko mukhya batAte hue kahA hai ki darzana se bhraSTa honevAloM ko nirvANa kI prApti nahIM hotI| ghora kaSTa sahana kara siddhi pAnevAloM ke aneka dRSTAnta diye haiN| mana ko baMdara kI upamA dete hue kahA hai ki jaise baMdara eka kSaNa bhara ke liye bhI zAnta nahIM baiTha sakatA, vaise hI mana kabhI nirviSaya nahIM hotaa| striyoM ko bhujaMgI kI upamA dete hue 1. isa prakIrNaka kI kucha gAthAyeM mUlAcAra meM pAI jAtI haiN|

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tandulaveyAliya 125 unheM avizvAsa kI bhUmi, zoka kI nadI, pApa kI guphA, kapaTa kI kuTI, klezakarI, duHkha kI khAni Adi vizeSaNoM se saMbodhita kiyA hai / udAsIna bhAva kyoM rakhanA cAhiye chaliA avayakkhaMtA nirAvayakkhA gayA aviggheNaM / tamhA pavayaNasAre nirAvayakkheNa hoavvaM // -apekSAyukta jIva chale jAte haiM, nirapekSa nirvighna pAra hote haiM / ataeva pravacanasAra meM nirapekSa bhAva se rahanA caahiye| ___ isa prakIrNaka ke kartA bhI vIrabhadra mAne jAte haiN| guNaratna ne isa para avacUri likhI hai| tandulaveyAliya ( tandulavaicArika) isameM 586 gAthAyeM haiM, bIca-bIca meM kucha sUtra haiN| yahA~ garbha kA kAla, yoni kA svarUpa, garbhAvasthA meM AhAravidhi, mAtA-pitA ke aGgoM kA ullekha, jIva kI bAla, krIr3A, maMda Adi dasa dazAoM kA svarUpa aura dharma meM udyama Adi kA vivecana hai| yugaladharmiyoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM kA sAhityika bhASA meM varNana hai jo saMskRta kAvya-granthoM kA smaraNa karAtA hai| saMhanana aura saMsthAnoM kA vivecana hai| taMdula kI gaNanA, kAla ke vibhAga-zvAsa Adi kA mAna, zirA Adi kI saMkhyA kApratipAdana hai| kAya kI apavitratA kA prarUpaNa karate hue kAmukoM ko upadeza diyA hai| striyoM ko prakRti se viSama, priyavacanavAdinI, kapaTaprema-giri kI taTinI, aparAdhasahasra kI gRhiNI, zoka utpanna karanevAlI, bala kA vinAza karanevAlI, puruSoM kA vadhasthAna vaira kI khAni, zoka kA zarIra, duzcaritra kA sthAna, jJAna kI 1. sau varSa kI AyuvAlA puruSa prati dina jitanA tandula-cAvalakhAtA hai, usakI saMkhyA ke vicAra ke upalakSaNa se yaha sUtra tandulavaicArika kahA jAtA hai, mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, jaina sAhitya no itihAsa, pRSTha 80 /

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126 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa skhalanA, sAdhuoM kI vairiNI, matta gaja kI bhA~ti kAma ke paravaza, bAghina kI bhA~ti duSTahadaya, kRSNa sarpa ke samAna avizvasanIya, vAnara kI bhA~ti caMcala-citta, duSTa azva kI bhA~ti durdamya, aratikara, karkazA, anavasthita, kRtaghna Adi vizeSaNoM se saMbodhita kiyA hai| nArI ke samAna puruSoM kA aura koI ari nahIM hai (nArIsamA na narANaM arIo nArIo) isaliye unheM nArI, aneka prakAra ke karma aura zilpa Adi ke dvArA puruSoM ko mohita karane ke kAraNa mahilA (nANAvihehiM kammehiM sippaiyAehiM purise mohaMti ti mahilAo), puruSoM ko madayukta karane ke kAraNa pramadA (purise matte karaMti tti pamayAo ), mahAn kalaha utpanna karane ke kAraNa mahiliyA (mahaMtaM kaliM jaNayaMti tti mahiliyAo), puruSoM ko hAvabhAva Adi ke kAraNa ramaNIya pratIta hone ke kAraNa rAmA (purise hAvabhAvamAiehiM ramaMti ti rAmAo), puruSoM ke aMgoM meM rAga utpanna karane ke kAraNa aMganA (purise aMgANurAe kariti tti aMgaNAo), aneka yuddha, kalaha, saMgrAma, aTavI, zIta, uSNa, duHkha, kleza Adi upasthita hone para puruSoM kA lAlana karane ke kAraNa lalanA (nANAvihesu juddhabhaMDaNasaMgAmADavIsu muhAraNagiNhaNasIuNhadukkhakilesasamAiesu purise lAlaMti tti lalaNAo), yoga-niyoga Adi dvArA puruSoM ko vaza karane ke kAraNa yoSit (purise joganioehiM vase ThAviMti tti josiyAo), tathA puruSoM kA aneka prakAra ke bhAvoM dvArA varNana karane ke kAraNa vanitA (nANAvihehiM bhAvahiM vaNiti tti vaNNiAo) kahA hai / ' vijayavimala ne isa para vRtti likhI hai| 1. saMyuttanikAya ke salAyatana-vagga ke antargata mAtuggAmasaMyutta meM buddha bhagavAn ne puruSoM kI apekSA striyoM ko adhika duHkhabhAginI mAnA hai| unheM pA~ca kaSTa hote haiM-bAlyakAla meM mAtA-pitA kA ghara chor3anA par3atA hai, dUsare ke ghara jAnA par3atA hai, garbhadhAraNa karanA par3atA hai, prasava karanA par3atA hai, puruSa kI sevA karanI par3atI hai| bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 168 /

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saMthAragaM 127 saMthAraga ( saMstAraka) isameM 123 gAthAyeM haiN| isameM antima samaya meM ArAdhanA karane ke liye saMstAraka (darbha Adi kI zayyA) ke mahattva kA varNana hai| jaise maNiyoM meM vaiDUrya, sugaMdhita padArthoM meM gozIrSa candana aura ratnoM meM vajra zreSTha hai, vaise hI saMstAraka ko sarvazreSTha batAyA hai| tRNoM kA saMstAraka banAkara usa para AsIna huA muni muktisukha ko prApta karatA hai| saMstAraka para ArUDha hokara paMDitamaraNa ko prApta honevAle aneka muniyoM ke dRSTAMta yahA~ diye gaye haiN| subaMdhu, cANakya Adi gobara ke upaloM kI agni meM pradIpta ho gaye aura unhoMne paramagati prApta kii|' isa para bhI guNaratna ne avacUri likhI hai| gacchAyAra ( gacchAcAra) ___ isameM 137 gAthAyeM haiM, kucha anuSTup chaMda meM haiM aura kucha AryA meM | isa para AnandavimalasUri ke ziSya vijayavimalagaNi kI TIkA hai / mahAnizItha, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra sUtroM kI sahAyatA se sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke hitArtha yaha prakIrNaka racA gayA hai / isameM gaccha meM rahanevAle AcArya tathA sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| AcArabhraSTa, AcAra-bhraSToM kI upekSA karanevAlA tathA unmArgasthita AcArya mArga ko nAza karanevAlA kahA gayA hai / gaccha meM jyeSTha sAdhu kaniSTha sAdhu ke prati vinayaM, vaiyAvRtya Adi ke dvArA bahumAna pradarzita karate haiM, tathA vRddha ho jAne para bhI sthavira loga AryAoM ke sAtha vArtAlApa nahIM karate / AryAoM ke saMsarga ko agniviSa ke samAna batAyA hai| saMbhava hai ki sthavira kA citta sthira ho, phira bhI agni ke samIpa rahane se jaise ghI pighala jAtA hai, vaise hI sthavira ke saMsarga se AryA kA citta 1. DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhyAya ne. bRhatkathAkoza kI bhUmikA (pRSTha 26-29) meM bhattaparikSA, maraNasamAhI aura saMthAraga kI kathAoM ko eka sAtha diyA hai|

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129 . titthogAliyapayannu maraNasamAdhi kI racanA kI gaI hai| Arambha meM ziSya prazna karatA hai ki samAdhipUrvaka maraNa kisa prakAra hotA hai ? isake uttara meM ArAdhanA, ArAdhaka, tathA AlocanA, saMlekhanA, kSAmaNA, kAla, utsarga, avakAza, saMstAraka, nisarga, vairAgya, mokSa, dhyAnavizeSa, lezyA, samyaktva aura pAdopagamana ina caudaha dvAroM kA vivecana kiyA hai| AcArya ke guNoM Adi kA pratipAdana hai| anazana tapa kA lakSaNa aura jJAna kI mahimA batAI gaI hai| yahA~ saMlekhanA kI vidhi aura paMDitamaraNa Adi kA vivecana hai| dharma kA upadeza dene ke liye aneka zreSThI Adi ke dRSTAnta diye haiM / parISaha-sahana kara pAdopagamana Adi tapa ke dvArA siddhagati pAnevAloM ke dRSTAMta ullikhita haiM / aMta meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai / ___ukta dasa prakIrNakoM ke atirikta aura bhI aneka prakIrNakoM kI racanA huii| isameM RSibhASita, tIrthodgAra (titthuggAliya), ajIvakalpa, siddhapAhuDa, . ArAdhanApatAkA, dvIpasAgaraprajJapti, jyotiSakaraMDaka, aMgavidyA, yoniprAbhRta Adi mukhya haiM / titthogAliyapayannu ( tIrthodgAra ) yaha grantha zruta se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, isameM 1233 gAthAyeM haiM / isakI vikrama saMvat 1452 kI likhI huI eka tAr3apatra kI prati pATaNa ke bhaMDAra meM maujUda hai| isameM pATaliputra kI vAcanA kA vistRta varNana hai / yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki pAlaka ke 60, nandoM ke 150, mauryoM ke 160, puSyamitra ke 35, balamitra-bhAnumitra ke 60, nahaseNa ke 40 aura gardabhilla ke 100 varSa samApta hone para zaka rAjAoM kA rAjya sthApita huaa| isa grantha meM valabhI nagara ke bhaMga hone kA ullekha milatA hai| muni kalyANavijaya 1. jaina zvetAmbara kAnpharensa, mumbaI dvArA vi0 saM0 1965 meM prakAzita jainagranthAvali meM pRSTha 72 para prakIrNakoM kI tIna bhinna-bhinna sUciyAM dI huI haiN| 2. merutuGga ke prabandhaciMtAmaNi (pR0 109) ke anusAra vikrama kAla ke 375 varSa bAda valabhI kA bhaMga huaa| prabhAvakacarita (pRSTaM 9prA0 sA0

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130 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jI ne apane 'vIrasaMvat aura jainakAlagaNanA' (nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA, jilda 10-11 meM prakAzita) nAmaka nibaMdha meM titthogAliya kA kucha aMza uddhRta kiyA hai| muni jI ke kathanAnusAra isa prakIrNaka kI racanA vikrama kI cauthI zatAbdI ke anta aura pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha meM huI honI cAhiye / ajIvakalpa ___ isameM 40 gAthAyeM haiN| isakI eka ati jIrNa truTita prati pATaNa ke bhaNDAra meM maujUda hai / isameM AhAra, upadhi, upAzraya, prasravaNa, zayyA, niSadyA, sthAna, daNDa, paradA, avalekhanikA, dantadhAvana AdisambandhI upaghAtoM kA varNana hai / siddhapAhuDa (siddhaprAbhUta) isameM 116 gAthAoM meM siddhoM ke svarUpa Adi kA varNana hai|' isa para eka TIkA bhI hai / agrAyaNI nAmake dUsare pUrva ke AdhAra se isakI racanA huI hai| . ArAdhanApatAkA yaha grantha bhI abhItaka aprakAzita hai, isakI hastalikhita prati pATaNa bhaNDAraM meM maujUda hai| isake kartA vIrabhadra haiM 74 ) ke anusAra vIranirvANa ke 845 varSa pazcAt kisI turuSka ke hAtha se valabhI kA nAza huA parantu jinaprabhasUri ke tIrthakarUpa meM kahA hai ki gajaNavaha ( g2az2anI kA bAdazAha ) hammIda dvArA vi0 saM0 845 meM valabhI kA bhaMga huaa| mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI tIrthakalpa ke ullekha ko hI adhika vizvasanIya mAnate haiM, jaina sAhitya no itihAsa, pRSTha 145 phuTanoTa / - 1. bhAramAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1921 meM prkaashit|

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dvIpasAgaraprApti . 135 jinhoMne vi0 saM0 1078 meM isa prakIrNaka kI racanA kii| isameM 660 gAthAyeM haiN| dvIpasAgaraprajJapti isameM 280 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM dvIpa-sAgara kA kathana hai| yaha bhI aprakAzita hai| joisakaraMDaga (jyotiSkaraMDaka) pUrvAcAryaracita yaha Agama valabhI vAcanA ke anusAra saMkalita hai|' isa para pAdaliptasUri ne prAkRta TIkA kI racanA kI thii| isa TIkA ke avataraNa malayagiri ne isa grantha para likhI huI apanI saMskRta TIkA meM diye haiN| yahA~ sUryaprajJapti ke viSaya kA saMkSepa meM kathana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 21 prAbhRta haiM jinameM kAlapramANa, ghaTikAdi kAlamAna, adhikamAsaniSpatti, tithisamApti, candra-nakSatra Adi saMkhyA, candrAdi-gati-gamana, dina-rAtri-vRddhi-apavRddhi Adi khagola sambandhI viSaya kA kathana hai| aMgavijjA ( aMgavidyA) isake sambandha meM isa pustaka ke antima adhyAya meM likhA jaayegaa| piMDavisohi (piMDavizuddhi) isake kartA jinavallabhagaNi haiM jo vikrama saMvat kI 12vIM zatAbdI meM maujUda the| piMDanijjutti ke AdhAra para unhoMne . RSabhadevakezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma kI ora se san 1928 meM prakAzita / 2. vijayadAna sUrIzvara jI jainagraMthamAlA, sUrata dvArA san 1939 meM prakAzita /

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132 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa isakI racanA kI hai| isa prantha para zrIcandrasUri, yazodeva Adi AcAryoM ne vRtti, avacUri, aura dIpikA kI racanA kI hai| : tithiprakIrNaka koI tithiprakIrNaka kI bhI ginatI prakIrNakoM meM karate haiN| sArAvali isameM 116 gAthAyeM haiM / AraMbha meM paMca parameSThiyoM kI stuti hai| pajjaMtArAhaNA (paryaMtArAdhanA ) ise ArAdhanAprakaraNa yA ArAdhanAsUtra bhI kahate haiN| isameM 66 gAthAyeM haiN|' isake kartA somasUri haiN| isameM antima ArAdhanA kA svarUpa samajhAyA gayA hai| jIvavibhakti isameM 25 gAthAyeM haiM / isake kartA jinacandra haiM / kavacaprakaraNa isake kartA jinezvarasUri ke ziSya navAMga-vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke guru jinacandrasUri the| isameM 123 gAthAyeM haiM / joNipAhuDa isake sambandha meM isa pustaka ke antima adhyAya meM likhA jaayegaa| koI aMgacUliyA, vaMgacUliyA ( vagacUliyA) aura jaMbupayannA ko bhI prakIrNakoM meM ginate haiN| 1. avacUri aura gujarAtI anuvAda sahita zrIbuddhi vRddhi karpUragraMthamAlA kI ora se vi0 saM0 1994 meM prakAzita /

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chedasUtra chedasUtra jaina AgamoM kA prAcInatama bhAga hone se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| ina sUtroM meM nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ke prAyazcitta kI vidhi kA pratipAdana hai| ye sUtra cAritra kI zuddhatA sthira rakhane meM kAraNa haiM, isaliye inheM uttamazruta kahA hai (jamhA ettha sapAyacchitto vidhI bhaNNati, jamhA ya teNa caraNavisuddhI kareti, tamhA taM uttamasutaM-nizItha, 16 uddezaka, 6184 bhASyagAthA kI cUrNI, (pR0 253 ) / chedasUtroM meM jaina bhikSuoM ke AcAra-vicArasaMbaMdhI niyamoM kA vivecana hai jise bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake ziSyoM ne deza-kAla kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra zramaNa sampradAya ke liye nirdhArita kiyA thA / bauddhoM ke vinayapiTaka se inakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| chedasUtroM ke gaMbhIra adhyayana ke binA koI AcArya apane saMghAr3e (bhikSu sampradAya) ko lekara grAmAnugrAma vihAra nahIM kara sakatA, gItArtha nahIM bana sakatA tathA AcArya aura upAdhyAya jaise uttaradAyI padoM kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| nizItha ke bhASyakartA ne chedasUtroM ko pravacana kA rahasya pratipAdita kara guhya batAyA hai|' jaise kacce ghar3e meM rakkhA huA jala ghar3e ko naSTa kara detA hai, usI prakAra ina sUtroM meM pratipAdita siddhAntoM kA rahasya alpa sAmarthyavAle vyakti ke nAza kA kAraNa hotA hai| chedasUtra saMkSipta zailI meM likhe gaye haiN| inakI saMkhyA chaha hai-nisIha (nizItha), mahAnisIha (mahAnizItha), 1. bauddhoM ke vinayapiTaka ko bhI chipAkara rakhane kA Adeza hai jisase apayaza na ho / dekhiye milindapaNha (hindI anuvAda, pR. 232) /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vavahAra (vyavahAra),' dasAsuyakkhaMdha (dazAzrutaskaMdha), kappa (bRhatkalpa), paMcakappa (paMcakalpa athavA jiiykpp-jiitklp)| nisIha ( nizItha) chedasUtroM meM nizItha kA sthAna sarvopari hai, aura yaha sabase bar3A hai| ise AcArAMgasUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI pA~cavIM cUlA mAnakara AcArAMga kA hI eka bhAga mAnA jAtA hai| ise nizIthacUlA adhyayana kahA gayA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma AcAraprakalpa hai| nizItha kA artha hai aprakAza ( aNdhkaarraatri)| jaise rahasyasUtra-vidyA, maMtra aura yoga-aparipakka logoM ke samakSa prakaTa nahIM kiye jAte, usI prakAra nizIthasUtra ko rAtri ke samAna aprakAzadharma-rahasyarUpa-svIkAra kara gopanIya batAyA gayA hai| yadi koI nirgrantha kadAcit nizIthasUtra 1. kahIM dasA aura kalpako eka mAnakara athavA kalpa aura vyavahAra ko eka mAnakara paMcakalpa aura jItakalpa ko alaga-alaga mAnA gayA hai / sambhavataH Age calakara chaha kI saMkhyA pUrI karane ke liye paJcakalpa ke sthAna para jItakalpa ko svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| sthAnakavAsI sampradAya meM nisIha, kappa, vavahAra aura dasAsuthakkhaMdha nAma ke cAra chedasUtra mAne gaye haiN| 2. yaha mahatvapUrNa sUtra bhApya aura cUrNI ke sAtha abhI hAla meM upAdhyAya kavi zrI amaramuni aura muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' dvArA sampAdita hokara sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA se san 1257-58 meM tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA hai| cauthA bhAga prakAzita ho rahA hai| prophesara dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne 'nizItha : eka adhyayana' nAma se isakI mahatvapUrNa prastAvanA likhI hai| 3. jaM hoti appagAsaM, taM tu nisIhaM ti logasaMsiddhaM / jaM appagAsadhammaM, aNNaM pi tayaM nisIdhaM ti // (nizIthasUtra-bhASya 69)

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nisIha 135 bhUla jAye to vaha jIvanaparyaMta AcAryapada kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| nizIthasUtra meM nirgrantha aura nimranthiniyoM ke AcAra-vicArasaMbaMdhI utsarga aura apavAdavidhi kA prarUpaNa karate hue prAyazcitta Adi kA sUkSma vivecana hai / jAna par3atA hai prAcInakAla se hI nizIthasUtra ke kartRtva ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda calA AtA hai| nizItha-bhASyakAra ke anusAra caturdaza pUrvadhAriyoM ne isa prakalpa kI racanA kI' aura nauveM pratyAkhyAna nAmaka pUrva ke AdhAra para yaha sUtra likhA gyaa| paMcakalpacUrNI meM bhadrabAhu nizItha ke kartA batAye gaye haiN| isa sUtra meM 20 uddezaka haiM aura pratyeka uddezaka meM aneka sUtra nibaddha haiN| sUtroM ke Upara niyukti, sUtra aura niyukti ke Upara saMghadAsagaNi kA bhASya tathA sUtra, niyukti aura bhASya para jinadAsamaNi mahattara kI sAragarbhita vizeSacUrNI (visesanisIhacuNNi) hai| nizItha para likhA huA bRhadbhASya upalabdha nahIM hai| pradyumnasUri ke ziSya ne isa para avacUrNI kI bhI racanA kI hai| pahale uddezaka meM 58 sUtra haiN| ina para 467-815 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai / sarvaprathama bhikSu ke liye hastamaithuna (hatthakamma) 1. kAmaM jiNapuvvadharA, karisu sodhi tahA vi khalu eNhiM / coisapugvaNibaddho, gaNapariyahI pakappadharo // (vahI 6674) 2. pratyAkhyAna pUrva meM bIsa vastu (adhikaar)haiN| unameM tIsare adhikAra kA nAma AcAra hai, usameM bIsa prAbhRta haiN| bIsaveM prAbhUta ko lekara nizItha kI racanA huii| 3. munipuNyavijaya, bRhatkalpabhASya kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 3 / cUrNIkAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara ke anusAra parama pUjya suprasiddha visAhagaNi mahattara ne apane ziSya-praziSyoM ke hitArtha nizIthasatra kI racanA kii| 4. vinayapiTaka (3, pRSTha 112,117 ) meM bhI isakA ullekha hai|

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136 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa varjita kahA gayA hai| kASTha, u~galI athavA zalAkA Adi se aMgAdAna (puruSendriya) ke saMcAlana kA niSedha kiyA hai| aMgAdAna ko tela, ghI, navanIta Adi se mardana karane, zIta athavA uSNa jala se prakSAlana karane tathA Upara kI tvacA ko haTA kara use sUMghane Adi kA niSedha hai| (isa saMbaMdha meM bhASyakAra ne siMha, AzIviSa, vyAghra aura ajagara Adi ke dRSTAntoM dvArA batAyA hai ki jaise sote hue siMha Adi ko jagA dene se ve jIvana kA anta kara dete haiM, usI prakAra aMgAdAna ke saMcAlita karane se tIvra moha kA udaya hotA hai jisase cAritra bhraSTa ho. jAtA hai)| tatpazcAt zukrapAta aura sugaMdhita puSpa Adi sUMghane kA niSedha hai| padamArga (sopAna ) aura dagavINiya ( patanAlA ), chIMkA, rajju, cilimili' (kanAta ) Adi ke nirmANa ko varjita kahA hai| kaiMcI (pippalaga), nakhachedaka, karNazodhaka, pAtra, daNDa, yaSTi, avalekhanikA (varSARtu meM kIcar3a haTAne kA bA~sa kA banA upakaraNa ) tathA bA~sa kI suI ( veNUsUiya) ke sudharavAne kA niSedha hai| vastra meM thegalI (paDiyANiyA) lagAnA varjita hai| (yahA~ bhASyakAra ne jaMgiya, bhaMgiya, saNaya, pottaya, khomiya aura tirIDapaTTa nAmake vastroM kA ullekha kiyA hai)| vastra ko binA vidhi ke sIne kA niSedha 1. cullavagga (6,2,6) ise cilimikA kahA gayA hai| . 2. jaMgiya athavA jAMdhika Una kA banA vastra hotA thaa| bhaMgiya kA ullekha vinayavastu ke mUla sarvAstivAda (pRSTha 92 ) meM kiyA gayA hai| bhAga vRkSa se taiyAra kiyA huA vastra kumAU~ (uttarapradeza) jile meM abhI bhI milatA hai / bRhatkalpabhASya (2-3661 ) meM ruI se bane kapar3e ko yottaga kahA hai| sana ke bane kapar3e ko khomiya kahate haiN| tirIDavaha sambhavataH sira para bA~dhane kI eka prakAra kI pagar3I thii| dekhiye sthAnAMgasUtra 170; bRhatkalpabhASya 4, 1017; vizeSa ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 128-29 / /

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. . nisIha 137 hai / ( yahAM bhASyakAra ne gaggaraga, daMDi, jAlaga, dukhIla, eka, gomuttiga ; tathA jhasaMkaTa aura visarigA nAmakI sIne kI vidhiyA~ batAyI haiN)| dUsare uddezaka meM 56 sUtra haiM jina para 816-1437 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| pahale sUtra meM kASTha ke daMDavAle rajoharaNa (pAyapuMchaNa) rakhane kA niSedha kiyA hai| paruSa vacana bolane kA niSedha hai (cUrNikAra ne Taka (TaMka), mAlava aura sindhudeza ke vAsiyoM ko svabhAva se paruSa-bhASI kahA hai)| bhikSuoM ko carma rakhanA niSiddha hai (isa prasaMga para bhASyakAra ne egapuDa, sakalakasiNa, dupaDa, kosaga, khallaga, vaggurI, khapusA, addhajaMghA aura jaMghA nAmake jUtoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ( yahA~ apavAda 1. gaggarasidhvaNA jahA saMjatINaM / DaMDisimvaNI jahA gArasthANaM / jAlAsivvaNI jahA varakkhAisu egasarA, jahA saMjatINaM payAlaNIkasAsicaNI ginmaMge vA dijati / dukkhIlA saMdhijate ubhao khIlA deti / egakhIlA egato deti / gomuttAsaMdhijate io io ekkasiM vatthaM viMdhai / esA avidhividhijhasaMkaTAsA saMdhaNe bhavati, ekkato vA ukuite smbhvti| visariyA saraDo bhaNNati (1. 782 kI cUrNI, pRSTha 60) / ... 2. eka tale ke jUte ko egapuDa aura do taloM ke jUte ko dupaDa kahA jAtA thaa| sakalakasiNa ( sakalakRstra) jUte kaI prakAra ke hote the| pA~va kI uMgaliyoM ke natroM kI rakSA ke liye kosaga kA upayoga hotA thaa| sardI ke dinoM meM pA~va kI bivAI se rakSA ke liye khallaka kAma meM lAte the| mahAvagga (5, 2, 3) meM ise khallakabandha kahA hai| jo u~galiyoM ko Dhaka kara Upara se pairoM ko Dhaka letA thA, use vaggurI kahate the| khapusA ghuTanoM taka pahanA jAtA thaa| isase sardI, sA~pa, barpha aura kAMToM se rakSA ho sakatI thii| ajaMghA AdhI jaMghA ko aura jaMghA samasta jaMghA ko Dhakane vAle jUte kahalAte the| dekhiye bRhatkalpabhASya 4, 1059 ityaadi| vinayapiTaka ke carmaskandhaka meM bhI jUtoM kA ullekha milatA hai|

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138 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mArga ke anusAra mArgajanya kaMTaka, sarpa aura zIta ke kaSToM se bacane ke liye, rugNa avasthA meM arza kI vyAdhi se pIr3ita hone para, sukumAra rAjA Adi ke nimitta, paira meM phor3A Adi ho jAne para, A~kheM kamajora hone para, bAla-sAdhuoM ke nimitta, AryoM ke nimitta tathA kAraNavizeSa upasthita hone para jUte dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai ) / tatpazcAt pramANa se atirikta vastra rakhane aura bahumUlya vastra dhAraNa karane kA niSedha hai (isa prasaMga para bhASyakAra ne sAharaka', rUpaga aura nelaka Adi sikkoM kA ullekha kiyA hai)| bhikSu ko akhaNDa vastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| sAgArika (sAdhu ko rahane kA sthAna denevAlA gRhastha ) ke diye hue bhojana grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai / zayyA-saMstAraka rakhane ke sambandha meM niyamoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jinakalpika aura sthavirakalpika kI upadhi kA varNana hai| tIsare uddezaka meM 80 sUtra haiM jina para 1438-1554 bhASya kI gAthAyeM haiN| pahale sUtra meM AgaMtagAra (dharmazAlA, musAphirakhAnA Adi ), ArAmAgAra yA gRhapati ke kula Adi meM jorajora se cillAkara AhAra Adi mA~gane kA niSedha hai | gRhapati ke manA karane para bhikSA ke nimitta praveza karane kA niSedha hai| saMkhaDi (bhoja) ke sthAna para upasthita hokara azana-pAna grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| pairoM ke pramArjana, parimardana, prakSAlana Adi kA niSedha hai| zarIra ke pramArjana, saMvAhana, parimardana Adi kA niSedha hai| phor3e Adi ke upacAra karane kA niSedha hai| lambe bar3he hue bAla, nakha Adi ke kATane kA niSedha hai| dA~ta, oSTha Adi ke pramArjana athavA dhone Adi kA niSedha hai| zarIra ke sveda, jalla, malla Adi athavA A~kha kI DhIr3ha, kAna kA maila Adi ke sApha karane kA niSedha hai| vazIkaraNasUtra (tAbIz2a). banA kara dene kA niSedha hai / yahA~ mRtakagRha (bhASyakAra 1. eka islAma-pUrva sikkA, jo sebiyana ( Sabean ) sikke ke nAma se kahA jAtA thaa|

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139 nisIha aura cUrNIkAra ke anusAra mleccha jAti ke loga apane ghara ke bhItara mRtaka ko gAr3a dete haiM, use jalAte nahIM), mRtakastUpa, mRtakaleNa, tathA udaMbara, nyagrodha, asattha ( azvattha-pIpala ), ikSu, zAli, kapAsa, caMpA, cUta (Amra) Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ___cauthe uddezaka meM 112 sUtra haiM jina para 1555-1864 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai | Arambha meM rAjA, rAjarakSaka, nagararakSaka, nigamarakSaka Adi ko vaza meM karane tathA unakI pUjA-arcanA karane kA niSedha hai / bhikSu ko nimranthiniyoM ke upAzraya meM vinA vidhi ke praveza karane kA niSedha hai| nimranthinI ke Agamanapatha meM daMDa, yaSTi, rajoharaNa, mukhapattI Adi upakaraNa rakhane kA niSedha hai| khilakhilA kara ha~sane kA niSedha hai| pArzvastha, kuzIla aura saMsakta Adi saMghAr3e ke sAdhuoM ke sAtha sambandha rakhane kA niSedha hai / sasnigdha hasta Adi se azana-pAna grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| paraspara pAda, kAya, danta, oSTha Adi ke pramArjana, prakSAlana Adi kA niSedha hai| uccAra (TTI) aura prazravaNa (pezAba) kI sthApanA-vidhi ke niyama batAye gaye haiN| ___ pA~caveM uddezaka meM 77 sUtra haiM jina para 1865-2164 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| sarvaprathama sacitta vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara AlocanA, svAdhyAya Adi karane kA niSedha hai / apanI saMghATI ko anya tIrthakoM Adi se silavAne kA niSedha hai| picumanda (nIma), palAza, bela, Adi ke patroM ko upayoga meM lAte hue AhAra karane kA niSedha hai| pAdapoMchana, daNDa, yaSTi, suI Adi lauTAne yogya vastuoM ko niyata avadhi ke bhItara lauTA dene kA vidhAna hai / sana, kapAsa Adi kAtane kA niSedha hai| dArudaMDa, veludaNDa, vetadaMDa Adi grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| mukha, danta, oSTha, nAsikA Adi ko vINA ke samAna bajAne kA niSedha hai| alAbupAtra, dArupAtra, mRttikApAtra Adi ko tor3ane-phor3ane kA niSedha hai / rajoharaNa ke sambandha meM niyama batAye haiN|

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140 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa chaThe uddezaka meM 77 sUtra haiM jina para 2165-2286 gAthAoM kA bhAgya hai| yahA~ maithuna-sevA kI icchA se kisI strI (mAuggAma') kI anunaya-vinaya karane kA niSedha hai| maithuna kI icchA se hastakarma karane, aMgAdAna ko mardana, saMvAhana, prakSAlana Adi karane, kalaha karane, patra likhane, jananendriya ko puSTa karane aura citra-vicitra vastra dhAraNa karane kA niSedha kiyA hai / sAtaveM uddezaka meM 61 sUtra haiM jina para 2287-2340 bhASya kI gAthAyeM haiN| yahA~ bhI maithunasaMbaMdhI niSedha batAyA gayA hai| maithuna kI icchA se mAlA banAne aura dhAraNa karane, lohA, tA~bA Adi saMgraha karane; hAra, ardhahAra Adi dhAraNa karane, ajina, kaMbala Adi dhAraNa karane, paraspara pAda Adi pramArjana aura parimardana Adi karane, sacitta pRthvI para sone, baiThane, paraspara cikitsA Adi karane, tathA pazu-pakSI ke aMgopAMgoM ko sparza Adi karane kA niSedha kiyA hai| isa prasaMga meM vividha prakAra kI mAlA, hAra, vastra, kaMbala Adi kA ullekha hai jinakA cUrNIkAra ne spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| AThaveM uddezaka meM 18 sUtra haiM jina para 2341-2465 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| AgaMtagAra, ArAmAgAra Adi sthAnoM meM strI ke sAtha akele vihAra, svAdhyAya, azana-pAna, uccAraprazravaNa evaM kathA karane kA niSedha hai / udyAna, udyAna-gRha Adi meM strI ke sAtha akele bihAra Adi karane Adi kA niSedha hai / svagaccha athavA paragaccha kI nirgranthinI ke sAtha vihAra Adi karane kA niSedha hai| kSatriya aura mUrdhAbhiSikta rAjAoM ke yahA~ kisI samavAya athavA maha ( utsava ) Adi ke avasara para azana-pAna Adi grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| yahA~ indra, skaMda, rudra, mukuMda, bhUta, yakSa, nAga, stUpa, caitya, vRkSa, giri, dari, agaDa, taDAga, . . bhojapurI bhASA meM maugI kA artha patnI hotA hai|

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nisIha 141 hrada, nadI, sara, sAgara, aura Akara' nAmaka mahoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nauveM uddezaka meM 28 sUtra haiM jina para 2466-2605 gAthAoM meM bhASya likhA gayA hai | bhikSu ke liye rAjapiMDa grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| use rAjA ke aMtaHpura meM praveza karane kI manAI hai ( yahA~ para bhASyakAra ne jIrNa antaHpura, nava aMtaHpura aura kanyA antaHpura nAma ke aMtaHpuroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| daMDadhara, daMDArakkhiya, dauvArika, varSadhara, kaMcukipuruSa aura mahattara nAmaka rAjakarmacArI antaHpura kI rakSA ke liye niyukta rahate the)| kSatriya aura mUrdhAbhiSikta rAjAoM kA azana-pAna Adi grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| yahA~ para caMpA, mathurA, vArANasI, zrAvastI, sAketa, kAMpilya, kauzAMbI, mithilA, hastinApura aura rAjagRha nAma kI dasa abhiSikta rAjadhAniyA~ ginAI gaI haiM jahA~ rAjAoM kA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA thaa| anta meM khujjA (kubjA), cilAiyA (kirAtikA), vAmaNI (vAmanI), vaDabhI (bar3e peTavAlI) babbarI, bausI, joNiyA, palhaviyA, IsaNI, thArugiNI, lausI, lAsiyA, siMhalI, ArabI, puliMdI, sabarI, pArisI nAmaka dAsiyoM kA ullekha hai / ___dasaveM uddezaka meM 47 sUtra haiM jina para 2606-3275 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai / bhikSu ko AcArya (bhadaMta ) ke prati kaThora evaM karkaza vacana nahIM bolane cAhiye | AcArya kI AzAtanA (tiraskAra ) nahIM karanI cAhiye | anantakAyayukta AhAra kA bhakSaNa nahIM karanA caahiye| lAbha-alAbhasaMbaMdhI nimitta ke kathana kA niSedha hai| pravrajyA Adi ke liye ziSya ke apaharaNa karane kA niSedha hai| anyagacchIya sAdhu-sAdhvI 1. ina utsavoM ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 215.25 / 2. vizeSa ke liye dekhiye vahI pRSTha 55-56 / 3. tathA dekhie vyAkhyAprajJapti 9.6, jJAtRdharmakathA / .

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142 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ko binA pUchatAcha ke tIna rAtri ke uparAnta rakhane kA niSedha hai| prAyazcitta grahaNa karanevAle ke sAtha AhAra Adi grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| glAna (rogI) kI sevA-zuzrUSA karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| prathama varSAkAla meM prAmAnugrAma vihAra karane kA niSedha hai| aparyuSaNA meM paryuSaNA ( yahA~ pajjosavaNA, parivasaNA, pajjusaNA, vAsAvAsa-varSAvAsa-paDhama samosaraNa Adi zabdoM ko bhASyakAra ne paryAyavAcI kahA hai ) karane evaM paryuSaNA meM aparyuSaNA na karane se laganevAle doSoM kA kathana hai| (cUrNIkAra ne yahA~ kAlakAcArya kI kathA dI hai jinhoMne pratiSThAna ke rAjA sAtavAhana ke Agraha para bhAdrapada sudI paMcamI ko indramaha-divasa hone ke kAraNa bhAdrapada sudI caturthI ko payUSaNa kI tithi ghoSita kI / isI samaya se mahArASTra meM zramaNapUjA (samaNapUya ) nAmaka utsava manAyA jAne lgaa)| gyArahaveM uddezaka meM 62 sUtra haiM jina para 3276-3675 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| lohe, tAMbe, sIse, sIMga, carma, vastra Adi ke pAtra rakhane aura unameM AhAra karane kA niSedha hai| dharma ke avarNavAda aura adharma ke varNavAda bolane kA niSedha hai| ghI, tela Adi dvArA anyatIrthika athavA gRhastha ke pairoM ke pramArjana, parimardana Adi kA niSedha hai| apane Apa tathA dUsare ko bhayabhIta athavA vismita karane kA niSedha hai / mukhavarNama~hadekhI stuti karane kA niSedha hai / viruddharAjya meM gamanAgamana kA niSedha hai| divAbhojana kI nindA aura rAtribhojana kI prazaMsA karane kA niSedha hai| mAMsa, matsya Adi ke grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| naivedya piMDa ke upabhoga kA niSedha hai| svacchaMdAcArI kI prazaMsA karane kA niSedha hai| ayogya vyaktiyoM ko pravrajyA dene kA niSedha hai (yahA~ bhASyAkAra ne bAla, vRddha, napuMsaka, dAsa, RNI Adi aThAraha prakAra ke vyaktiyoM ko pravrajyA ke ayogya kahA hai| napuMsaka ke solaha bheda ginAye gaye haiM / dAsoM ke bhI bheda batAye haiN)| sacelaka aura acelaka

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nisIha ke nivAsa ke saMbaMdha meM vidhi-niSedha kA kathana hai / anta meM vividha prakAra ke maraNa ginAye gaye haiN| bArahaveM uddezaka meM 42 sUtra haiM jina para 3676-4255 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| pahale sUtra meM karuNA se prerita hokara trasa jIvoM ko rassI Adi se bA~dhane athavA baMdhanamukta karane kA niSedha hai| bAra-bAra pratyAkhyAna bhaMga karane kA niSedha hai| lomavAlA carma rakhane kA niSedha hai| dUsare ke vastra se AcchAdita tRNapIThaka Adi para baiThane kA niSedha hai| sAdhvI kI saMghATI anyatIrthika athavA kisI gRhastha se silAne kA niSedha hai| pRthvIkAya Adi kI virAdhanA kA niSedha hai| sacitta vRkSa para car3hane kA niSedha hai| gRhastha ke bhAjana meM bhojana karane kA niSedha hai| gRhastha ke vastra pahanane aura usakI zayyA para sone kA niSedha hai; usase cikitsA karAne kA niSedha hai| vApI, sara, nirbhara, puSkariNI Adi kA saundaryanirIkSaNa karane kA niSedha hai| suMdara grAma, nagara, paTTaNa Adi ko dekhane kI abhilASA karane kA niSedha hai / azvayuddha, hastiyuddha Adi meM sammilita hone kA niSedha hai | kASThakarma, citrakarma, lepakarma, daMtakarma Adi dekhane kA niSedha hai| vividha mahotsavoM meM strI-puruSoM ke gAte, nAcate aura ha~sate hue dekhane kA niSedha hai| dina meM gobara ikaThThA kara rAtri ke samaya use zarIra para lepa karane kA niSedha hai| gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, airAvatI aura mahI nAma kI nadiyoM ko mahIne meM do athavA tIna bAra pAra karane kA niSedha hai| terahaveM uddezaka meM 78 sUtra haiM jina para 4256-4472 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| pahale sacitta, sasnigdha, sarajaska Adi pRthvI para baiThane, sone aura svAdhyAya karane Adi kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| dehalI, snAnapITha, bhitti, zilA, maMca Adi para baiThane kA niSedha hai| anyatIrthika athavA gRhastha Adi ko zilpa, zloka (varNanA), aSTApad (dyUta), kalA

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144 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa Adi sikhAne kA niSedha hai| kautukakarma, bhatikarma, prazna, praznAprazna, nimitta, lakSaNa Adi ke prayoga karane kA niSedha hai| anyatIrthika athavA gRhastha ko mArgabhraSTa hone para rAstA batAne kA niSedha hai| unheM dhAtuvidyA athavA nidhi batAne kA niSedha hai| pAnI se bhare hue pAtra, darpaNa, maNi, tela, madhu, ghI, Adi meM mu~ha dekhane kA niSedha hai| vamana, virecana tathA bala Adi kI vRddhi ke liye auSadha sevana kA niSedha hai| pArzvastha Adi zithilAcAriyoM ko vandana karane kA niSedha hai| dhAtrI, dUtI, nimitta, AjIvikA, cUrNa, yoga Adi piMDa grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| caudahaveM uddezaka meM 45 sUtra haiM jina para 4473-4686 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| yahA~ pAtra (paDiggaha-patadgraha) ke kharIdane, adala-badala karane Adi kA niSedha hai| lUle, la~gar3e, kanakaTe, nakakaTe Adi asamartha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko atirikta pAtra dene kA vidhAna hai| navIna, surabhigaMdha athavA durabhigaMdha pAtra ko vizeSa AkarSaka banAne kA niSedha hai| gRhastha se pAtra svIkAra karate samaya usameM se trasajIva, bIja, kanda, mUla, patra, puSpa Adi nikAlane kA niSedha hai| pariSad meM se uThakara pAtra kI yAcanA karane kA niSedha hai|.. pandrahaveM uddezaka meM 154 sUtra haiM jina para 4660-5064 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| sacitta Amra, AmrapezI, Amracoyaka Adi ke bhojana kA niSedha hai | AgaMtagara, ArAmAgAra tathA gRhapatikuloM meM uccAra-prazravaNa sthApita karane kI vidhi batAI hai| pArzvastha Adi ko AhAra, vastra Adi dene athavA unase grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| vibhUSA ke liye apane paira, zarIra, dA~ta, oSTha Adi ke pramArjana, prakSAlana Adi kA niSedha hai|| ___ solahaveM adhyAya meM 50 sUtra haiM jina para 5065-5603 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| bhikSu ko sAgArika Adi kI zayyA meM praveza karane kA niSedha hai| sacitta Ikha, gaMDerI Adi bhakSaNa

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nisIha karane kA niSedha hai | araNya meM sAtha lekara calanevAle AraNyakoM ke azana-pAna ke bhakSaNa kA niSedha hai| saMyamI ko asaMyamI aura asaMyamI ko saMyamI kahane kA niSedha hai| lar3AI-jhagar3A karanevAle tIrthakoM ke azana-pAna Adi grahaNa karane kA niSedha (bhASyakAra ne yahA~ sAta nihnavoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ) hai| dasyu (krodha meM Akara jo apane dA~toM se kATa lete hoM-dasaNehiM dasati teNa dasU-bhASyakAra), anArya, mleccha (asphuTa bhASA bolanevAle-millakkhU'vyattabhAsI-bhASyakAra) aura pratyaMta dezavAsiyoM ke janapadoM meM vihAra karane kA niSedha ( yahA~ magadha, kauzAMbI, thUNA aura kuNAlA Adi ko chor3akara bAkI dezoM kI gaNanA anArya dezoM meM kI gaI hai ) hai| duguMchiya (jugupsita) kuloM meM azana, pAna, vastra, kaMbala, Adi grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| anyatIrthika athavA gRhasthoM ke sAtha bhojana grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| AcArya-upAdhyAya kI zayyA aura saMstAraka ko paira laga jAne para hAtha se binA chue namaskAra na karane se bhikSu doSa kA bhAgI hotA hai| pramANa aura gaNanA se adhika upadhi rakhane kA niSedha hai| satrahaveM uddezaka meM 151 sUtra haiM jina para 5604-5666 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| kautUhala se trasa jIvoM ko rassI Adi se bA~dhane kA niSedha hai| yahA~ aneka prakAra kI mAlAoM, dhAtuoM, AbhUSaNoM, vividha vastra, kaMbaloM Adi ke upabhoga karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| nimrantha aura nimranthinI ko anyatIrthika tathA gRhastha se pAda Adi parimardana Adi karAne kA niSedha hai| bhikSu ko gAne, bajAne, nAcane aura ha~sane Adi kA niSedha hai| yahA~ vINA Adi aneka vAdyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| __ aThArahaveM uddezaka meM 74 sUtra haiM jina para 5667-6027 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| niSkAraNa nAva kI savArI karane kA niSedha hai| thala se jala meM aura jala se thala meM nAva ko 10 prA0 sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa khIMcakara le jAne kA niSedha hai| nAva meM rassI Adi bA~dhakara khIMcane aura use khene kA niSedha hai| nAva ke chidra meM se pAnI AtA dekhakara use hasta, pAda athavA kuzapatra Adi se DhaMkane kA niSedha hai| vastra ko kharIdakara pahanane Adi kA niSedha hai| durabhigaMdha vastra ko zIta jala Adi se prakSAlana Adi karane kA niSedha hai| vastra dvArA pRthivIkAya Adi jIvoM ko haTAne kA niSedha hai| ___ unnIsaveM uddezaka meM 40 sUtra haiM jina para 6028-6271bhASya kI gAthAeM haiM / madya (viyaDa) ko kharIda kara pAna karane kA niSedha hai| madya sAtha lekara gA~va-gA~va meM vihAra karane kA niSedha hai| saMdhyA samaya svAdhyAya karane kA niSedha (bhASyakAra ke kathanAnusAra saMdhyA ke samaya guhyaka' deva-vicaraNa karate rahate haiN| isaliye unase Thage jAne kI saMbhAvanA hai) hai| yahA~ kAlika zruta ke tIna aura dRSTivAda ke sAta prazna pUche jAne kA ullekha hai (bhASyakAra ke anusAra nayavAda, gaNita aura aSTAMganimitta ko lekara sAta praznoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai)| indramaha, skaMdamaha, yakSamaha aura bhUtamaha nAmaka cAra mahAmahoM ke avasara para svAdhyAya kA niSedha hai| ayogya sUtra kA pATha karane aura yogya ke pATha na karane kA niSedha hai| bIsaveM uddezaka meM 53 sUtra haiM jina para 6272-6703 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai / isa sUtroM meM prathama 20 sUtra vyavahArasUtra se milate haiN| yahA~ prAyazcitta Adi kA varNana hai| zAlibhadrasUri ke ziSya zrIcandrasUri ne isa uddezaka kI subodhA nAma kI vyAkhyA kI hai| ___ mahAnisIha ( mahAnizItha) chedasUtroM meM mahAnizItha ko kabhI dUsarA aura kabhI chaThA 1. guhyaka ke liye dekhiye haoNpakinsa, ipika mAitholojI, pRSTha 147 ityaadi|

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mahAnisIha 147 chedasUtra mAnA jAtA hai|' ise samasta pravacana kA parama sAra kahA gayA hai | nizItha ko laghunizItha aura isa sUtra ko mahAnizItha kahA gayA hai, yadyapi bAta ulTI hI hai| vAstava meM mUla mahAnizItha vicchinna ho gayA hai, use dImakoM ne khA liyA hai aura usake patra naSTa ho gaye haiN| bAda meM haribhadrasUri ne usakA saMzodhana kiyA tathA siddhasena, vRddhavAdi, yakSasena, devagupta, yazavardhana, ravigupta, nemicandra aura jinadAsagaNi Adi AcAryoM ne ise bahumAnya kiyaa| bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se isa sUtra kI gaNanA prAcIna AgamoM meM nahIM kI jA sktii| isameM tantrasaMbaMdhI tathA jaina AgamoM ke atirikta anya granthoM ke bhI ullekha milate haiN| mahAnizItha meM chaha adhyayana aura do cUlA haiN| salluddharaNa nAmake pahale adhyayana meM pAparUpI zalya kI nindA aura AlocanA karane ke liye 18 pApasthAnaka batAye gaye haiN| dUsare adhyayana meM karmoM ke vipAka kA vivecana karate hue pApoM kI 1. isakI hastalikhita prati munipuNyavijaya jI ke pAsa hai; yaha anya zIghra hI prakAzita honevAlA hai| ise 1918 meM vAlTara zUbiMga ne jarmana bhASA kI prastAvanAsahita barlina se prakAzita kiyA hai| sojitrA ke zrI narasiMhabhAI IzvarabhAI paTela ne isakA gujarAtI bhAvAnuvAda kiyA hai| muni puNyavijayajI kI yaha hastalikhita prati muni jinavijayajI kI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko milii| 2. estha ya jattha jastha payaMpayeNA'NulaggaM suttalAvagaM Na saMpajjai tattha tattha suyaharehiM kulihiyadoso Na dAyabvo tti / kiMtu jo so eyassaM aciMtaciMtAmaNikappabhUyassa mahAnisIhasuyakkhaMdhassa puvAyariso mAsi tahiM ceva khaMDAkhaMDIe uddehiyA ehiM heUhiM bahave paNNagA parisaDiyA tahAvi acaMtasamuhasthAisayaM ti imaM mahAnisIhasuyakkhaMdhaM kaliga. pavayaNassa paramalArabhUyaM paraM tattaM mahatthaM ti kaliUNa pvynnvcchllttnnenn| munipuNyavijayajI kI hastalikhita prati para se| tathA dekhiye jinaprabhasUri kI vidhimArgaprapA ; vividhatIrthaMkalpa /

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148 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AlocanA karane kA ullekha hai| tIsare aura cauthe adhyayana meM sAdhuoM ko kuzIla sAdhuoM kA saMsarga na karane kA upadeza hai| yahA~ navakAramaMtra, upadhAna, dayA aura anukaMpA ke adhikAroM kA vivecana hai / vajrasvAmI ne navakAramaMtra kA uddhAra karake use mUlasUtra meM sthAna diyA, isakA yahA~ ullekha hai|' kuzIla kA saMsarga chor3akara ArAdhaka bananevAle nAgila kI kathA dI huI hai| pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma navanItasAra hai| isameM guru-ziSya kA saMbaMdha batAte hue gaccha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| gacchAcAra nAma ke prakIrNaka ko isake AdhAra se racA gayA hai / chaThe adhyayana meM prAyazcitta ke dasa aura AlocanA ke cAra bhedoM kA varNana hai| AcArya bhai ke eka gaccha meM pA~ca sau sAdhu aura bAraha sau sAdhviyoM ke hone kA ullekha hai | bhojana kI jagaha zuddha jala grahaNa karane kA gaccha kA niyama thA, jisase eka sAdhvI bImAra par3a gii| lakSaNAdevI jaMbudADima aura siriyA kI antima putrI thI / vivAha ke thor3e hI dina pazcAt vaha vidhavA ho gii| usane dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| eka dina pakSiyoM kI saMbhoga-krIr3A dekhakara vaha kAmAtura ho gii| agale janma meM vaha kisI gaNikA kI dAsI ke rUpa meM paidA huI / gaNikA ne usake nAka, kAna Adi kATakara use kurUpa banAnA cAhA | dAsI ko kisI taraha isa bAta kA patA laga gayA aura vaha usa sthAna se bhAga gaI / bAda meM kisI vyakti se usane vivAha kara liyA / lekina usakI sauta usase bahuta IrSyA karatI thii| usakI mRtyu hone para usake zava ko pazu-pakSiyoM ke khAne ke liye jaMgala meM pheMka diyA gayA | cUlAoM meM sujjhasiva, susar3ha aura aMjanazrI Adi kI kathAyeM haiM / yahA~ satI hone kA tathA rAjA ke aputra hone ke kAraNa usakI vidhavA kanyA ko rAjagaddI para baiThAne kA 1. SaTkhaMDAgama ke TIkAkAra vIrasena AcArya ke anusAra AcArya puSpadaMta NamokAramaMtra ke Adi kartA mAne gaye haiN| dekhiye DaoNkTara hIrAlAla jaina kI pakhaMDAgama, bhAga 2 kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 35-41 /

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vavahAra ullekha milatA hai| kImiyA banAne kA ullekha bhI pAyA jAtA hai| vavahAra ( vyavahAra) vyavahArasUtra ko dvAdazAMga kA navanIta kahA gayA hai| tIna mukhya chedasUtroM meM isakI ginatI hai,' zeSa do haiM nizItha aura bRhatkalpa | isake kartA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu haiM jinhoMne isa sUtra para niyukti bhI likhI hai| vyavahArasUtra ke Upara bhASya bhI hai, lekina usake kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai| niyukti aura bhASya kI gAthAyeM paraspara mila gaI haiN| bhASyakAra ne vyavahArasUtroM para bhASya likhane meM apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kI hai| malayagiri ne bhASya para vivaraNa likhA hai| vyavahArasUtra para bRhadbhASya bhI thA jo anupalabdha hai| isakI cUrNI milatI hai jo prakAzita nahIM huI / vyavahArabhASya para avacUri bhI likhI gaI hai| vyavahArasUtra nizItha kI apekSA choTA aura bRhatkalpa kI apekSA bar3A hai| isameM dasa uddezaka haiM / pahale uddezaka meM 34 sUtra haiM / AraMbha meM batAyA hai ki pramAda ke kAraNa athavA anajAne meM yadi bhikSu doSa kA bhAgI ho jAye to use AlocanA karanI cAhiye, AcArya use prAyazcitta dete haiN| yadi koI sAdhu gaNa ko chor3a kara akelA vihAra kare aura phira usI gaNa meM lauTakara AnA cAhe to use AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi ke samakSa apanI AlocanA, nindA, gardA Adi karake vizuddhi prApta karanI cAhiye / yadi koI bhI na mile to grAma, nagara, nigama, rAjadhAnI, kheDa, karbaTa, maDaMba, paTTaNa, droNamukha Adi kI pUrva 1. yaha grantha bhASya aura malayagiri kI TIkAsahita san 1926 meM bhAvanagara se prakAzita huA hai / kalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha ye tInoM sUtra vAlTera zUniMga dvArA saMpAdita hokara ahamadAbAda se prakAzita

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa athavA uttara dizA meM apane mastaka para donoM hAthoM kI aMjali rakha, 'maiMne ye aparAdha kiye haiM' kahakara AlocanA kare / dUsare uddezaka meM 30 sUtra haiN| yahA~ parihArakalpa meM sthita rugNa sAdhu ko gaNa se bAhara nikAlane kA niSedha hai| yahI niyama anavasthApya aura pAraMcika prAyazcitta meM sthita tathA kSiptacitta, yakSAviSTa, unmAdaprApta, upasargaprApta, prAyazcittaprApta Adi bhikSu ke saMbaMdha meM bhI lAgU hotA hai| yadi do sAdharmika ekatra vihAra karate haiM aura unameM se koI eka koI akRtya karma karake AlocanA karatA hai to yadi vaha sthApanIya hai to use alaga rakhanA cAhiye, aura AvazyakatA par3ane para usakA vaiyAvRtya karanA cAhiye / parihArakalpa-sthita bhikSu ko azanapAna Adi pradAna karane kA niSedha hai; sthaviroM kI AjJA se hI use azana-pAna diyA jA sakatA hai| tIsare uddezaka meM 26 sUtra haiN| yadi koI bhikSu gaNa kA dhAraka bananA cAhe to sthaviroM ko pUchakara hI use aisA karanA yogya hai / anyathA use cheda athavA parihAra kA bhAgI honA par3atA hai| tIna varSa kI paryAyavAlA, AcAra Adi meM kuzala, bahuzrutavettA zramaNa nirgrantha kama-se-kama AcAraprakalpa (nizItha) dhArI ko, pA~ca varSa kI paryAyavAlA kama-se-kama dazA-kalpa aura vyavahAradhArI ko tathA ATha varSa kI paryAyavAlA kama-se-kama sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMgadhArI ko upadeza de sakane yogya hai| yadi koI bhikSu gaNa chor3akara maithuna kA sevana kare to tIna varSa taka vaha AcAryapada kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| yadi koI gaNAvacchedaka apane pada para rahakara maithunadharma kA sevana kare to jIvanaparyanta use koI pada denA yogya nhiiN| cauthe uddezaka meM 32 sUtra haiN| AcArya aura upAdhyAya ke liye hemanta aura grISma RtuoM meM akele vihAra karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, varSAkAla meM do ke sAtha vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai| gaNAvacchedaka ko tIna ke sAtha vihAra karanA

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vavahAra yogya hai| bImAra ho jAne para AcArya-upAdhyAya dUsare se kaheM ki mere kAlagata ho jAne para amuka vyakti ko yaha pada diyA jaaye| lekina yadi vaha vyakti yogya ho to hI use vaha pada denA cAhiye, anyathA nahIM / yadi bahuta se sAdharmika eka sAtha vicarane kI icchA kareM to sthaviroM se binA pUche aisA nahIM karanA cAhiye / yadi aisA kareM to cheda athavA parihAra tapa kA prAyazcitta grahaNa karanA caahiye| ___ pA~caveM uddezaka meM 21 sUtra haiM / hemanta aura grISma meM pravartinI sAdhvI ko do ke sAtha aura gaNAvacchedikA ko tIna ke sAtha vihAra karanA cAhiye / varSAvAsa meM pravartinI ko tIna ke sAtha aura gaNAvacchedikA ko cAra ke sAtha vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai / koI taruNa nimrantha athavA nimranthinI yadi AcAraprakalpa (nizItha) bhUla jAye to use jIvanaparyanta AcAryapada athavA pravartinI pada dene kA niSedha hai| eka sAtha bhojana Adi karanevAle nirgrantha athavA nirgranthiniyoM ko eka dUsare ke samIpa AlocanA karane kA niSedha hai| yadi rAtri athavA vikAla meM kisI nirgrantha ko sA~pa (dIhapaTTa) kATa le to sAdhvI se auSadhopacAra karAne kA vidhAna hai| chaThe uddezaka meM 11 sUtra haiN| sthaviroM se binA pUche apane sage-sambandhiyoM ke ghara bhikSA ke liye jAne kA niSedha hai, anyathA cheda athavA parihAra kA vidhAna hai| grAma Adi meM eka dvAravAle sthala meM bahuta se alpazrutadhArI bhikSuoM ke rahane kA niSedha hai / AcAraprakalpa ke jJAtA sAdhuoM ke sAtha rahane kA vidhAna hai| jahA~ bahuta se strI-purupa snAna karate hoM vahA~ yadi koI zramaNa nirgrantha kisI chidra kI sahAyatA se athavA hastakarma kA sevana kara vIryapAta kare to usake liye eka mAsa ke anuddhAtI parihAra tapa ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| ___ sAtaveM uddezaka meM 11 sUtra haiN| eka AcArya kI maryAdA meM rahanevAle nimrantha athavA nimranthiniyoM ko pITha pIche vyavahAra banda

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152 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa na kara ke pratyakSa meM milakara, bhUla Adi batAkara saMbhoga (eka sAtha bhojana Adi karanA) aura visaMbhoga kI vidhi batAI hai| kisI nimranthinI ko apane vaiyAvRtya ke liye prabajita Adi karane kA niSedha hai | ayogya kAla meM svAdhyAya kA niSedha hai| tIna varSa kI paryAyavAlA zramaNa tIsa varSa kI paryAyavAlI zramaNI kA upAdhyAya ; tathA pA~ca varSa kI paryAyavAlA zramaNa sATha varSa kI paryAyavAlI zramaNI kA AcArya bana sakatA hai|' prAmAnugrAma vihAra karate samaya yadi koI bhikSu kAladharma ko prApta ho jAye to prAsuka nirjIva sthAna ko acchI taraha dekhabhAla kara ke use vahA~ pariSThApana kara de / sAgArika ke ghara meM rahane ke pUrva usake pitA, bhAI, putra aura usI vidhavA kanyA kI anujJA prApta kara lenI cAhiye / rAjA kI anujJA lekara vasati meM Thaharane kA vidhAna hai / AThaveM uddezaka meM 16 sUtra haiN| sthAviroM ke liye daMDa, bhAMDa, chatra, mAtraka, yaSTi, vastra aura carma ke upayoga kA vidhAna hai| gRhapati ke kula meM piMDapAta grahaNa karane ke liye praviSTa kisI nimrantha kA yadi koI upakaraNa chUTa jAye aura koI sAdharmI use dekha le to use le jAkara de de| yadi vaha upakaraNa usakA na ho to use ekAnta meM le jAkara rakha de / yahA~ kavalAhArI, alpAhArI aura UnodarI nirgranthoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nauveM uddezaka meM 43 sUtra haiM / sAgArika ke ghara meM yadi koI pAhunA, dAsa, naukara-cAkara Adi bhojana banAye aura bhikSu ko de to use grahaNa na karanA cAhiye / sAgArika kI cakrizAlA ( tela kI dukAna ), goliyazAlA (gur3a kI dukAna ), dauSikazAlA (kapar3e kI dukAna ) gaMdhiyazAlA (sugaMdhita padArthoM kI dukAna) 1. bauddhoM ke vinayapiTaka meM kahA gayA hai-sau varSa kI upasaMpadA pAI huI bhikSuNI ko bhI usI dina ke saMpanna mitu ke liye abhivAdana, pratyusthAna, aJjali jodanA Adi karanA caahiye| bharatasiMha upAdhyAya pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, Tapa 321

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yavahAra Adi se vastu grahaNa karane ke saMbaMdha meM niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / yahA~ bhikSupratimA aura mokapratimA kA vivecana hai / dasaveM uddezaka meM 34 sUtra haiN| isameM yavamadhyacandrapratimA aura vajramadhyapratimA kA varNana hai | Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta nAma ke pA~ca prakAra ke vyavahAra kA ullekha hai| cAra prakAra ke puruSa, cAra AcArya aura cAra antevAsiyoM kA ullekha hai| sthavira tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-jAti, zruta aura paryAya | sATha varSa kA jAtisthavira, zruta kA dhAraka zrutasthavira, tathA bIsa varSa kI paryAyavAlA sAdhu paryAyasthavira kahA jAtA hai / nimrantha athavA nirgranthinI ko dAr3hI-mUMcha Ane ke pUrva AcAraprakalpa (nizItha) ke adhyayana kA niSedha hai| tIna varSa kA dIkSAkAla samApta hone para AcAraprakalpa nAmaka adhyayana, cAra varSa samApta hone para sUyagaDaMga, pA~ca varSa samApta hone para dazA-kalpa-vyavahAra, ATha varSa samApta hone para ThANAMga aura samavAyAMga, dasa varSa samApta hone para viyAhapaNNatti, gyAraha varSa samApta hone para kSullikAvimAnapravibhakti, mahatIvimAnapravibhakti ( yahA~ vimAnoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai), aMgacUlikA ( upAsakadazA Adi kI cUlikA ), vargacUlikA, aura vyAkhyAprajJapticUlikA nAma ke adhyayana, bAraha * varSa samApta hone para aruNopapAta, garuDopapAta,' varuNopapAta, caizramaNopapAta, aura velaMdharaupapAta nAmaka adhyayana, teraha varSa samApta hone para utthAnazruta, samutthAna-zruta, devendraupapAta, nAga aura pariyApanikA, caudaha varSa samApta hone para svapnabhAvanA adhyayana, pandraha varSa samApta hone para cAraNabhAvanA adhyayana, solaha varSa samApta hone para tejonisarga adhyayana, satraha varSa samApta hone para AzIviSabhAvanA adhyayana, aThAraha varSa samApta hone para dRSTivAda nAmaka aga aura bIsa varSa samApta hone para sarva sUtroM ke paThana kA adhikArI hotA hai | yahA~ dasa prakAra ke vaiyAvRtya kA ullekha hai| 1. guNacandragaNi ke kahArayaNakosa meM isa sUtra kA ullekha hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dasasuyakkhaMdha ( dazAzrutaskaMdha ) dazAzrutaskaMdha jise dasA, AyAradasA athavA dasAsuya bhI kahA jAtA hai, cauthA chedasUtra hai| kucha loga dasA ke sAtha kappa ko jor3akara vavahAra ko alaga mAnate haiM, aura kucha dasA ko alaga karake kalpa aura vyavahAra ko eka svIkAra karate haiM / isase isa sUtra kI upayogitA spaSTa hai / dazAzrutaskaMdha ke kartA bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| isa para niyukti hai| niyukti ke kartA bhadrabAhu chedasUtroM ke kartA bhadrabAhu se bhinna jAna par3ate haiM / dazAzrutaskaMdha para cUrNI bhI hai| brahmarSi pArzvacandrIya ne isa para vRtti likhI hai| - isa grantha meM dasa adhyayana haiM, jinameM AThaveM aura dasaveM vibhAga ko adhyayana aura bAkI ko dazA kahA gayA hai| pahalI dazA meM asamAdhi ke bIsa sthAna ginAye haiN| dUsarI dazA meM zabala ke ikkIsa sthAnoM kA ullekha hai| inameM hastakarma, maithuna, rAtribhojana, rAjapiMDagrahaNa, eka mAsa ke bhItara eka gaNa chor3akara dUsare gaNa meM cale jAnA Adi sthAna mukhya haiN| tIsarI dazA meM AzAtanA ke teIsa prakAroM kA ullekha hai| jo muni inakA sevana karate haiM ve zabala ho jAte haiM / cauthI dazA meM ATha prakAra kI gaNisaMpadA batAI gaI hai-AcArasaMpadA, zrutasaMpadA, zarIrasaMpadA, vacanasaMpadA, vAcanAsaMpadA, matisaMpadA, prayogasaMpadA aura saMgrahasaMpadA | ina saMpadAoM kA yahA~ vistAra se varNana hai| pA~cavIM dazA meM cittasamAdhisthAna kA varNana hai| isake dharmacintA Adi dasa bheda batAye haiN| chaThI dazA meM upAsaka kI 11 pratimAoM kA vivecana hai| Arambha meM akriyAvAdI, kriyAvAdI Adi mithyAtva kA prarUpaNa karate hue unakI kriyAoM ke phala kA varNana kiyA hai| kASAya vastra, dAtauna, snAna, mardana, vilepana, zabda, 1. paMnyAsa maNivijayagaNivaragranthamAlA meM vi0 saM0 2011 meM prkaashit|

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'dasasuyakbaMdha 155 sparza, rasa, rUpa, gandha, mAlA, alaMkAra Adi se nAstikavAdI kI nirvRti nahIM hotii| yahA~ bandhana ke aneka prakAra batAye haiM | dasavIM pratimA meM kSuramuMDana karAne athavA zikhA dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| sAtavIM dazA meM 12 prakAra kI bhikSupratimA kA varNana hai / bhAvapratimA pA~ca prakAra kI hai-samAdhi, upadhAna, viveka, paDilINa aura ekallavihAra | inake bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / AThaveM adhyayana meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA cyavana, janma, saMharaNa, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura mokSa kA vistRta varNana hai / kahIM kAvyamaya bhASA kA prayoga bhI huA hai| isI kA dUsarA nAma pajjosaNAkappa athavA kalpasUtra hai / ' jinaprabha, dharmasAgara, vinayavijaya, samayasundara, ratnasAgara, saMghavijaya, lakSmIvallabha Adi aneka AcAryoM ne isa para TIkAyeM likhI haiN| ise paryUSaNa ke dinoM meM sAdhu loga apane vyAkhyAnoM meM par3hate haiM / mahAvIra pahale mAhNakuMDaggAma ke RSabhadatta kI patnI devAnaMdA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM avatarita hue, lekina kyoMki arahaMta, cakravartI, baladeva tathA vAsudeva bhikSuka aura brAhmaNa Adi kuloM meM janma dhAraNa nahIM 1. samaya sundaramaNi kI TIkAsahita san 1939 meM bambaI se prakAzita | harmana jaikobI dvArA lipz2iga se san 1879 meM sampAdita ; jaikobI ne sekreDa buksa oNna di IsTa ke 22veM bhAga meM aMgrejI meM anuvAda bhI kiyA hai / san 1958 meM rAjakoTa se hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda sahita isakA saMskaraNa nikalA hai / 2. dekhiye, jaina granthAvali, zrI jaina zvetAMbara, kAnpharensa, muMbaI, vi0 saM0 1965, pRSTha 48-52 / 3. chedagranthoM meM isakA antarbhAva hone ke kAraNa pahale isa sUtra ko sabhA meM nahIM par3hA jAtA thaa| bAda meM vi0 saM0 523 meM Anandapura ke rAjA dhruvasena ke putra kI mRtyu ho jAne se ise vyAkhyAnoM meM par3hA jAne lagA /

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156 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa karate, isaliye indra ne unheM khattiyakuMDaggAma ke gaNarAjA kAzyapagotrIya siddhArtha kI patnI vaziSThagotrIya trizalA ke garbha meM parivartita kara diyA / kauNDinyagotrIya yazodA se unakA vivAha huA / mahAvIra 30 varSa kI avasthA taka gRhavAsa meM rahe, aura mAtA-pitA ke kAlagata ho jAne para apane jyeSTha bhrAtA nandivardhana kI anujJA lekara jJAtRkhaMDa nAmaka udyAna meM unhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kI / sAdhukAla meM unheM aneka upasarga sahana karane par3e / 12 varSa unhoMne tapa kiyA aura jaMbhiyagrAma ke bAhara ujjuvAliyA nadI ke kinAre tapa karate hue unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| aTThiyaggAma, campA, pRSThacampA, vaizAlI, vANiyagAma, nAlandA, mithilA, bhadiyA, AlaMbhiyA, zrAvasti, paNiyabhUmi aura majjhimapAvA meM unhoMne cAturmAsa vyatIta karate hue 30 varSa taka vihAra kiyA / tatpazcAt 72 varSa kI avasthA meM unhoMne nirvANalAbha kiyA / isa zubha avasara para kAzI-kozala ke nau mallaki aura nau licchavI nAmaka 18 gaNarAjAoM ne sarvatra prakAza kara bar3A utsava manAyA / mahAvIracaritra ke pazcAt pAva, nemI, RSabhadeva tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM kA caritra likhA gayA hai| kalpasUtra ke dUsare bhAga meM sthavirAvalI ke gaNa, zAkhA aura kuloM kA ullekha hai, jinameM se kaI mathurA ke IsavI san kI pahalI zatAbdI ke zilAlekhoM meM utkIrNa haiM / tIsare bhAga meM sAmAcArI arthAt sAdhuoM ke niyamoM kA vivecana hai| nauvIM dazA meM mahAmohanIya karmabandha ke tIsa sthAnoM kA prarUpaNa hai / isa prasaMga para mahAvIra campA nagarI ke pUrNabhadra caitya meM samavasmRta hote haiM aura unake vyAkhyAna ke samaya rAjA kUNika (ajAtazatru ) apanI rAnI dhAriNI ke sAtha upasthita rahatA hai| dasaveM adhyayana meM nau nidAnoM kA varNana hai / mahAvIra ke rAjagRha 1. lalitavistara (pRSTha 20) meM bhI kahA hai ki bodhisatva tIna kuloM meM utpanna nahIM hote|

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kappa 157 nagara ke guNazila caitya meM samavasRta hone para rAjA zreNika mahArAnI celanA ke sAtha darzanArtha upasthita hote haiN| kappa (kalpa athavA bRhatkalpa) kalpa athavA bRhatkalpa ko kalpAdhyayana bhI kahate haiM', jo paryuSaNakalpasUtra se bhinna hai | jaina zramaNoM ke prAcInatama AcArazAstra kA yaha mahAzAstra hai| nizItha aura vyavahAra kI bhA~ti isakI bhASA kAphI prAcIna hai, yadyapi TIkAkAroM ne anya AgamoM kI bhA~ti yahA~ bhI bahuta sA heraphera kara DAlA hai| isase sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke saMyama ke sAdhaka (kalpa-yogya ) athavA bAdhaka (akalpa-ayogya) sthAna, vastra, pAtra Adi kA vistRta vivecana hai, isaliye ise kalpa kahate haiN| isameM chaha uddezaka haiN| malayagiri ke anusAra pratyAkhyAna nAmake nauMveM pUrva ke AcAra nAmaka tIsarI vastu ke bIsaveM prAbhRta meM prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai ; kAlakrama se pUrva kA paThana-pAThana banda ho jAne se prAyazcittoM kA uccheda ho gayA jisake pariNAma svarUpa bhadrabAhusvAmI ne kalpa aura vyavahAra kI racanA kI aura ina donoM chedasUtroM para sUtrasparzika niyukti likhii| kalpa ke Upara saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ne laghubhASya kI racanA kI hai| malayagiri ke kathanAnusAra bhadrabAhu kI niyukti aura saMghadAsagaNi kI bhASya kI gAthAyeM paraspara mila gaI haiM, aura inakA pRthak honA asaMbhava hai| bhASya ke Upara hemacandra AcArya ke samakAlIna malayagiri ne apUrNa vivaraNa likhA hai jise lagabhaga savA do sau varSa bAda saMvat 1332 meM kSemakIrtisUri ne pUrNa kiyA hai / kalpa ke Upara bRhadbhASya bhI hai jo kevala tIsare uddeza taka hI milatA hai / isa para vizeSacUrNI bhI likhI gaI hai| 1. saMghadAsagaNi ke bhASya tathA malayagiri aura kSemakIrti kI TIkAoM ke sAtha muni puNyavijayajI dvArA susampAdita hokara AtmAnaMda jainasabhA bhAvanagara se 1933-1942 meM prakAzita /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa . pahale uddezaka meM 51 sUtra haiN| pahale nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ke kacce tAla aura pralamba bhakSaNa karane kA niSedha batAyA hai|' grAma, nagara, kheTa, kITaka, maDaMba, pattana, Akara, droNamukha, nigama, rAjadhAnI, Azrama, niveza, saMbAdha, ghoSa, aMzikA, puTabhedana, aura saMkara Adi sthAnoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| eka bar3e aura eka daravAje vAle grAma, nagara Adi meM nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ko eka sAtha nahIM rahane kA vidhAna hai / jisa upAzraya ke cAroM ora athavA bAjU meM dUkAneM hoM yA AsapAsa meM rAste hoM, vahA~ nirgranthiniyoM ko rahanA yogya nhiiN| unheM dvArarahita khule upAzraya meM nahIM rahanA cAhiye / aisI hAlata meM paradA (cilimilikA) rakhane kA vidhAna hai| nirgrantha aura nimranthiniyoM ko nadI Adi ke kinAre rahane aura citrakarma se yukta upAzraya meM rahane kA niSedha hai| varSAvAsa meM nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ko vihAra karane kA niSedha hai, hemanta aura grISma RtuoM meM hI ve vihAra kara sakate haiM / vairAjya athavA viruddharAjya ke samaya gamanAgamana kA niSedha hai / rAtri ke samaya athavA vikAla meM azana-pAna grahaNa karane aura mArga meM gamana karane kA niSedha hai / sAketa ke pUrva meM aMga-magadha taka, dakSiNa meM kauzAMbI taka, pazcima meM thUNA (sthAnezvara) taka aura uttara meM kuNAlaviSaya (uttara kauzala) taka gamana karane kA vidhAna hai| inhIM kSetroM ko AryakSetra kahA gayA hai| dUsare uddezaka meM batAyA hai ki jisa upAzraya meM zAli, brIhi, mUMga Adi phaile par3e hoM, surA, sauvIra Adi madya ke ghar3e 1. jAna par3atA hai durbhikSa ke samaya uttara vihAra, ur3IsA aura nepAla Adi dezoM meM jaina sAdhuoM ko tAr3a ke phala khAkara nirvAha karanA par3atA thaa| 2. vivecana ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina kA nAgarIpracAriNIpatrikA (varSa 59, samvat 2011 aGka 3-4 ) meM 'jaina Agama-granthoM kI mahatvapUrNa zabda-sUciyA~' nAmaka lekha /

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. .. kappa 159 rakkhe hoM, agni jala rahI ho, dIpaka kA prakAza ho rahA ho, piMDa, kSIra, dahI Adi bikhare par3e hoM, vahA~ rahanA yogya nahIM / AgamanagRha (sArvajanika sthAna), khule hue ghara, vaMzImUla ( ghara ke bAhara kA cauMtarA), vRkSamUla Adi sthAnoM meM nimranthiniyoM ke rahane kA niSedha hai / pA~ca prakAra ke vastra aura rajoharaNa dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| __tIsare uddezaka meM nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ko eka dUsare ke upAzraya meM Ane-jAne kI maryAdA kA ullekha karate hue vahA~ sone, baiThane, AhAra, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna karane kA niSedha kiyA hai / roga Adi kI dazA meM carma rakhane kA vidhAna hai| kRtsna aura akRtsna vastra rakhane kI vidhi kA ullekha hai / pravrajyA grahaNa karate samaya upakaraNa grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| varSAkAla tathA zeSa ATha mAsa meM vastra vyavahAra karane kI vidhi batAI hai / ghara ke andara athavA do gharoM ke bIca meM baiThane, sone Adi kA niSedha hai| vihAra karane ke pUrva gRhastha kI zayyA, saMstAraka Adi lauTAne kA vidhAna hai| grAma, nagara Adi ke bAhara yadi rAjA kI senA kA par3Ava ho to vahA~ Thaharane kA niSedha hai| cauthe uddezaka meM prAyazcitta aura AcAravidhi kA ullekha * hai| hastakarma, maithuna aura rAtribhojana kA sevana karane para anuddhAtika arthAt guru prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| pAraMcika aura anavasthApya prAyazcitta ke yogya sthAna batAye gaye haiM | SaNDaka (napuMsaka), vAtika aura klIba ko pravrajyA dene kA niSedha hai| duSTa, mUDha aura vyugrAhita (bhrAnta cittavAlA ) ko upadeza aura pravrajyA Adi kA niSedha hai| sadoSa AhAra-sambandhI niyama batAye haiM / eka gaNa chor3akara dUsare gaNa meM jAne ke sambandha meM niyamoM kA ullekha hai| rAtri ke samaya athavA vikAla meM sAdhu ke kAlagata hone para usake pariSTApana kI vidhi batAI hai / ' . 1. mRtaka ke kriyA-karma ke liye dekhiye rAmAyaNa (4.25. 16 ityAdi), tathA bI0 sI0 lAhA, iNDiyA DiskrAibDa, pR0 193 /

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160 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nimrantha-nirgranthiniyoM meM jhagar3A (adhikaraNa) Adi hone para bhikSAcaryA kA niSedha hai| gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU , kosI, aura mahI nadiyoM meM se koI bhI nadI eka mAsa ke bhItara eka bAra se adhika pAra karane kA niSedha hai / kuNAlA meM erAvatI nadI ko pAra karate samaya eka pA~va jala meM rakha kara dUsare pA~va ko U~cA uThAkara pAra karane kA niSedha hai| RtubaddhakAla aura varSA Rtu meM rahane lAyaka upAzrayoM kA varNana hai / pA~caveM uddezaka meM sUryodaya ke pUrva aura sUryodaya ke pazcAt bhojana-pAna ke sambandha meM niyama batAye haiN| nirgranthinI ko piMDapAta Adi ke liye gRhapati ke kula meM akele jAne tathA rAtri athavA vikAla meM use pazu-pakSI Adi ko sparza karane kA niSedha hai| nimranthinI ko acela aura vinA pAtra ke rahane kA niSedha hai| sUryAbhimukha hokara eka paga Adi se khar3I raha kara tapazcaryA Adi karane kA niSedha hai / rAtri athavA vikAla ke samaya sarpa se daSTa kiye jAne ke sivAya sAmAnya dazA meM nirgrantha aura nimranthiniyoM ko eka dUsare kA mUtrapAna karane kA niSedha hai|' unheM eka dUsare ke zarIra para Alepana dravya kI mAliza Adi karane kA niSedha hai| ___ chaThe uddezaka meM nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ko chaha prakAra ke durvacana bolane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu ke paira meM yadi kAMTA Adi laga gayA hai to aura sAdhu svayaM nikAlane meM asamartha hoM to niyama ke apavAda rUpa meM nigranthinI use nikAla sakatI hai| nirgranthinI yadi kIcar3a Adi meM phaMsa gaI ho to nirgrantha use sahArA de sakatA hai| kSiptacitta athavA yakSAviSTa nirgranthinI ko nimrantha dvArA pakar3a kara rakhane kA vidhAna hai| chaha prakAra ke kalpoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 1. vinayapiTaka ke bhaiSajyaskandhaka meM yaha vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai|

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161 paMcakappa paMcakappa (paMcakalpa) paMcakalpasUtra aura paMcakalpamahAbhASya donoM eka haiN| jisa prakAra piMDaniyukti dazavaikAlikaniyukti kA, aura oghaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti kA hI pRthak kiyA huA eka aMza hai, vaise hI paMcakalpabhASya bRhatkalpabhASya kA aMza hai| malayagiri aura kSemakIrtisUri ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai| isa bhASya ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa haiN|' isa para cUrNI bhI hai jo abhItaka prakAzita nahIM huI hai| jIyakappasutta ( jItakalpasUtra ) kahIM jItakalpa kI gaNanA chedasUtroM meM kI jAtI hai / isameM jaina zramaNoM ke AcAra (jIta ) kA vivecana karate hue unake liye dasa prakAra ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna haiM jo 103 gAthAoM meM varNita hai| jItakalpa ke kartA vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke racayitA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa haiM jinakA samaya 645 vikrama saMvat mAnA jAtA hai| jinabhadragaNi ne jItakalpasUtra ke Upara bhASya bhI likhA hai jo bRhatkalpabhASya, vyavahArabhASya, paMcakalpabhAvya, piMDaniyukti Adi granthoM kI gAthAoM kA saMgrahamAtra hai / siddhasena AcArya ne isa para cUrNI kI racanA kI hai jisa para zrIcandrasUri ne vi0 saM0 1227 meM viSamapadavyAkhyA TIkA likhI hai| tilakAcArya kI vRtti bhI isa para maujUda hai| isa sUtra meM prAyazcitta kA mAhAtmya pratipAdana kara usake ___1. dekhiye muni puNyavijayajI kI bRhatkalpasUtra chaThe bhAga kI prastAvanA, pR0 56 / 2. muni puNyavijaya dvArA sampAdita vi0 saM0 1994 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita ; cUrNi aura TIkA sahita muni jinavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita, vi0 saM0 1983 meM ahamadAbAda se prkaashit| 3. AyArajIdakappa kA vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra (5.190) aura zivArya kI bhagavatIArAdhanA (gAthA 130 ) meM ullekha hai| 11 prA0 sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nimnalikhita dasa bheda batAye haiM-AlocanA, pratikramaNa, mizra (AlocanA aura pratikramaNa), viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, mUla, anavasthApya, pAraMcika | phira pratyeka prAyazcittavidhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai / bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt antima do prAyazcittoM kA vyuccheda batAyA gayA hai| yatijItakalpa aura zrAddhajItakalpa bhI jItakalpa ke hI andara gine jAte haiM / yatijItakalpa meM yatiyoM kA AcAra hai| isake kartA somaprabhasUri haiM, isa para sAdhuratna ne vRtti likhI hai| zrAddhajItakalpa meM zrAvakoM kA AcAra hai| isake racayitA dharmaghoSa haiM, somatilaka ne isa para vRtti likhI hai / opedpo

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mUlasUtra bAraha upAMgoM kI bhA~ti mUlasUtroM kA ullekha bhI prAcIna Agama granthoM meM dekhane meM nahIM aataa|' ina granthoM meM sAdhujIvana ke mUlabhUta niyamoM kA upadeza hai, isaliye inheM mUlasUtra kahA hai| kucha loga uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka aura dazavakAlika sUtroM ko hI mUlasUtra mAnate haiM, piMDaniyukti aura oghaniyukti ko mUlasUtroM meM nahIM ginate / inake anusAra piMDaniyukti dazavaikAlikaniyukti kA, aura opaniyukti Avazyakaniyukti kA hI eka aMza hai / kucha vidvAn piMDaniyukti ko mUlasUtroM meM sammilita kara mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA cAra mAnate haiM, aura kucha piMDaniyukti ke sAtha oghaniyukti ko bhI zAmila kara lete haiM / kahIM pakkhiyasutta kA nAma bhI liyA jAtA hai / AgamoM meM mUlasUtroM kA sthAna kaI dRSTiyoM se bahuta mahattva kA hai| inameM uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikA.lika jaina AgamoM ke prAcInatama sUtroM meM gine jAte haiM, aura inakI tulanA suttanipAta, dhammapada Adi prAcIna bauddhasUtroM se kI jAtI hai| uttarajjhayaNa ( uttarAdhyayana) uttarAdhyayana meM mahAvIra ke antima cAturmAsa ke samaya unase binA pUche hue 36 viSayoM ke uttara saMgRhIta haiM, isaliye 1. saba se pahale bhAvasUri ne jainadharmavarastotra (zloka 30) kI TIkA (pR. 94 ) meM nimnalikhita mUlasUtroM kA ullekha kiyA haiatha uttarAdhyayana 1, Avazyaka 2, piNDaniyukti tathA oghaniyukti 3, dazavaikAlika 4 iti catvAri mUlasUtrANi-pro0 eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA, da kainonikala liTarecara oNba da jainsa, pR0 43 phuTanoTa /

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164 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ise uttarAdhyayana kahate haiM / dhArmika-kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha Agama bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM upamA, dRSTAMta, aura vividha saMvAdoM dvArA kAvyamaya mArmika bhASA meM tyAga, vairAgya aura saMyama kA upadeza hai / DaoNkTara viMTaranIz2a ne isa prakAra ke sAhitya ko zramaNa-kAvya kI koTi meM rakha kara mahAbhArata, dhammapada aura suttanipAta Adi ke sAtha isa sUtra kI tulanA kI hai| bhadrabAhu ne isa para niyukti aura jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne cUrNI likhI hai| thArApadragacchIya vAdivetAla zAntisUri ( mRtyu san 1040 meM) ne ziSyahitA nAma kI pAiya TIkA aura nemicandrasUri (pUrva nAma devendragaNi) ne zAMtisRri ke AdhAra para sukhabodhA (san 1073 meM samApta ) TIkA likhI hai| isI prakAra lakSmIvallabha, jayakIrti, kamalasaMyama, bhAvavijaya, vinayahaMsa, harekUla Adi aneka vidvAnoM ne bhI TIkAyeM likhI haiN| jaoNla zArpeNTiyara ne aMgrejI prastAvanA sahita mUlapATha kA saMzodhana kiyA hai| harmana jaikobI ne ise sekreDa buksa oNva da IsTa ke 45veM bhAga meM aMgrejI anuvAda sahita prakAzita kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM 36 adhyayana haiM, jinameM nemipravrajyA, harikeza-AkhyAna, citta-saMbhUti kI kathA, mRgAputra kA AkhyAna, rathanemI aura rAjImatI kA saMvAda, kezI aura gautama kA saMvAda 1. jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI cUrNI ratalAma se 1933 meM prakAzita huI hai; zAntisUri kI TIkA sahita devacaMda lAlabhAI jainapustakoddhAramAlA ke 33, 36 aura 41 veM puSpa meM baMbaI se prakAzita ; nemicandra ko sukhabodhA TIkA baMbaI se san 1937 meM prakAzita / akhila bhAratIya zvetAMbara sthAnakavAsI jainazAstroddhAra samiti rAjakoTa se san 1959 meM hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda sahita isakA eka nayA saMskaraNa nikalA hai| 2. samavAyoga sUtra meM ullikhita uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayanoM se ye kucha bhinna haiN|

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uttarajjhayaNa 165 Adi varNita haiM / bhadrabAhu kI niyukti (4) ke anusAra isa grantha ke 36 adhyayanoM meM se kucha adhyayana jinabhASita haiM, kucha pratyekabuddhoM dvArA prarUpita haiM aura kucha saMvAdarUpa meM kahe gaye haiN| vAdivetAla zAntisUri ke anusAra, isa sUtra kA dUsarA adhyayana dRSTivAda se liyA gayA hai, dumapuSpikA nAmaka dasavAM adhyayana svayaM mahAvIra ne kahA hai, kApilIya nAmaka AThavAM adhyayana pratyekabuddha kapila ne prarUpita kiyA hai aura kezI-gautamIya nAmaka teIsavAM adhyayana saMvAdarUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pahale adhyAya meM vinaya kA varNana hai mA galiyasseva kasaM, vayaNamicche puNo puNo / kasaM va daThumAinne, pAvagaM privjje|| jaise mariyala ghor3e ko bAra-bAra kor3e lagAne kI jarUrata hotI hai, vaise mumukSu ko bAra-bAra guru ke upadeza kI apekSA na karanI cAhiye / jaise acchI nasla kA ghor3A cAbuka dekhate hI ThIka rAste para calane lagatA hai, usI prakAra guru ke Azaya ko samajha kara mumukSu ko pApakarma tyAga denA cAhiye / __dUsare adhyayana meM sAdhu ke liye parISaha-jaya ko mukhya batAyA hai / tapa ke kAraNa sAdhu kI bAhu-jaMghA Adi kRza ho jAyeM aura usake zarIra kI nasa-nasa dikhAI dene lage, phira bhI use saMyama meM dInavRtti nahIM karanI cAhiye | use yaha nahIM socanA cAhiye ki mere vastra jIrNa ho gaye haiM aura maiM kucha hI 1. yahA~ 22 parISahoM kA ullekha hai / bauddhoM ke suttanipAta (3.18) meM bhI zIta, uSNa, kSudhA, pipAsA, vAta, Atapa, daMza ( DAMsa) aura sarIsRpa kA sAmanA karane kA ullekha hai| Ajakala bhI uttara vihAra meM vaizAlI aura mithilA ke AsapAsa kA pradeza DA~sa aura maccharoM se AkrAnta rahatA hai, isase jAna par3atA hai ki khAsa kara isI pradeza meM ina niyamoM kI sthApanA kI gaI thii|

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uttarajjhayaNa 167 eka kSaNa ke liye bhI pramAda na karane kA upadeza hai / harikezIya adhyayana meM cAMDAla kula meM utpanna harikezabala nAma ke bhikSu kA varNana hai|' yaha bhikSu brAhmaNoM kI yajJazAlA meM bhikSA mA~gane gayA jaba ki brAhmaNoM ne usakA apamAna kara use vahA~ se bhagA diyA / aMta meM harikezabala ne brAhmaNoM ko hiMsAmaya yajJa-yAga ke tyAga karane kA upadeza diyaa| terahaveM adhyayana meM citta aura saMbhUti ke nAma ke cAMDAla-putroM kI kathA hai / iSukArIya adhyayana meM kisI brAhmaNa ke do putra apane pitA ko upadeza dekara sanmArga para lAte haiMpitA-keNa abbhAhao loo, keNa vA privaario| kA vA amohA vuttA, jAyA ! ciMtAvaro hu mi // -yaha loka kisase pIr3ita hai, kisase vyApta hai ? kauna se amogha zastroM kA prahAra isa para ho rahA hai ? he putro, yaha jAnane ke liye maiM cintita hU~| putra-maJcaNa'nbhAhao loo, jarAe parivArio / amohA rayaNI vuttA, evaM tAya ! viyANaha // -he pitA, yaha loka mRtyu se pIr3ita hai, jarA se vyApta * hai, aura rAtriyA~ amogha prahAra dvArA ise kSINa kara rahI haiN| liTarecara ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA' nAmaka adhyAya ; hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTarecara, jilda 2, pR0 466-70 ; jAla zANTiyara, uttarAbhyayana bhUmikA, pR0 44 ityAdi; e0 ema0 ghATage, enelsa oNva bhAMDArakara oriNTiela risarca iMsTiTayUTa, jilda 17, 1936 meM 'e phyU pairelalsa ina jaina eNDa buddhisTa varksa' nAmaka lekha / . 1. milAiye cittasaMbhUta jAtaka ke sAtha / 2. harikeza muni kI kathA prakArAntara se mAMtaga jAtaka meM dI huI hai| DaoNkTara AlsaDorpha ne isa saMbaMdha meM velvelkara phelisiTezana vaoNlyUma, dillI, 1957 meM isa sambandha meM eka lekha prakAzita kiyA hai|

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168 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa apane pitA ke prabuddha ho jAne para anta meM usake putra kahate haiM jassa'tthi maccuNA sakkhaM, jassa va'sthi palAyaNaM / jo jANai na marissAmi, so hu kaMkhe sue siyA / / -jisakI mRtyu ke sAtha mitratA hai, athavA jo mRtyu kA nAza karatA hai, aura jise yaha vizvAsa hai ki vaha maranevAlA nahIM, vahI AgAmI kala kA vizvAsa karatA hai| _ anta meM brAhmaNa apanI patnI aura donoM putroM ke sAtha saMsAra kA tyAga kara zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho jAtA hai|' ___ pandraveM adhyayana meM sadbhikSu ke lakSaNa batAye haiN| satarahaveM adhyayana meM pApa-zramaNa ke lakSaNa kahe haiN| aThArahaveM adhyayana meM saMjaya rAjA kA varNana hai jisane muni kA upadeza zravaNa kara zramaNadharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| yahA~ bharata Adi cakravartI tathA nami, karakaNDU, durmukha aura nagnajit pratyekabuddhoM ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai| unnIsaveM adhyayana meM mRgAputra kI dIkSA kA varNana hai| bIsaveM adhyayana meM anAthI muni kA jIvana-vRttAnta hai / rAjA zreNika ne eka vRkSa ke nIce baiThe hue kisI muni ko dekhakara usase prazna kiyA taruNo si ajjo pavvaio, bhogakAlammi saMjayA / . uvaviTThosi sAmante, eyamajheM suNemi tA // -he Arya ! kRpAkara kahiye ki bhogoM ko bhogane yogya isa taruNa avasthA meM Apane kyoM yaha dIkSA grahaNa kI hai ? muni-aNAho mi mahArAya ! NAho majjha na vijaI / ____ aNukaMpagaM suhi vA vi, kaMcI NAbhisamema'haM // ... 1. milAiye hasthipAla jAtaka ke sAtha / .. 2. milAiye suttanipAta ke pabajjAsutta ke sAtha / 3. kumbhakAra jAtaka meM cAra pratyekabuddhoM kA ullekha milatA hai|

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uttarajjhayaNa -mahArAja ! maiM anAtha hU~, merA koI nAtha nahIM hai / anukaMpA karanevAlA koI mitra Ajataka mujhe nahIM milaa| rAjA homi nAho bhayaMtANaM, bhoge bhuMjAhi saMjayA / mittanAIparivuDo, mANussaM khalu dullahaM / / -Apa jaise RddhidhArI puruSa kA yadi koI nAtha nahIM hai to maiM ApakA nAtha hotA huuN| apane mitra aura svajanoM se pariveSTita hI Apa yatheccha bhogoM kA upabhoga kreN| muni-appaNAvi aNAho si, seNiA ! magahAhivA! ___appaNA aNAho saMto, kassa gAho bhavissasi / / -he magadharAja zreNika ! tU svayaM hI anAtha hai, phira bhalA dUsaroM kA nAtha kaise bana sakatA hai ? isake bAda muni ne apane jIvana kA AdyopAnta vRttAnta zreNika ko sunAyA aura zreNika nimrantha dharma kA upAsaka bana gyaa| bAIsaveM adhyayana meM ariSTanemi aura rAjImatI kI kathA hai| kRSNa vAsudeva ke saMbaMdhI ariSTanemi jaba rAjImatI ko vyAhane Aye to unheM bAr3oM meM baMdhe hue pazuoM kA cItkAra sunAI diyaa| patA calA ki pazuoM ko mAra kara bArAtiyoM ke liye bhojana banegA, yaha sunakara ariSTanemi ko vairAgya ho AyA aura ve raivataka (giranAra) parvata para tapa karane cala diye / bAda meM rAjImatI ne bhI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura vaha bhI isI parvata para tapa karane lgii| eka bAra kI bAta hai, varSA ke kAraNa rAjImatI ke saba vastra gIle ho gaye / usane apane vastroM ko nicor3a kara sukhA diyA aura pAsa kI eka guphA meM khar3I ho gii| saMyogavaza usa samaya vahA~ ariSTanemi ke bhAI rathanemi dhyAna meM avasthita the| rAjImatI ko vastrarahita avasthA meM dekhakara unakA mana calAyamAna ho gayA / rAjImatI se ve kahane lage rahanemi ahaM bhadde ! surUve ! cArubhAsiNI ! mamaM bhayAhi sutaNu ! na te pIlA bhavissaI /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ehi tA bhujimo bhoe, mANussaM khu sudullahaM / bhuttabhogI puNo pacchA, jiNamaggaM carissimo // -he bhadre ! surUpe ! maMjubhASiNI ! maiM rathanemI hU~, tU mujhase bhayabhIta mata ho| he suMdarI ! tujhe mujhase koI kaSTa na hogaa| Ao, hama donoM bhogoM ko bhogeN| yaha manuSya janma bar3I kaThinatA se prApta hotA hai| bhoga bhogane ke pazcAt phira hama jinamArga kA sevana kreNge| rAjImatIjai si rUveNa vesamaNo, lalieNa nalakUbaro / tahAvi te na icchAmi, jai si sakkhaM purNdro|| dhiratthu te jasokAmI ! jo taM jiiviykaarnnaa| vaMte icchasi AveDaM, seyaM te maraNaM bhave // jai taM kAhisi bhAvaM jA jA dicchasi naario| vAyAvidhuvva haDo, aTThiappA bhavissasi / / -he rathanemi ! yadi tU rUpa se vaizramaNa, ceSTA se nalakUbara athavA sAkSAt indra hI kyoM na bana jAya, to bhI maiM tujhe na caahuuNgii| he yaza ke abhilASI ! tujhe dhikkAra hai / tU jIvana ke liye vamana kI huI vastu kA punaH sevana karanA cAhatA hai, isase to mara jAnA zreyaskara hai| jisa kisI bhI nArI ko dekha kara yadi tU usake prati AsaktibhAva pradarzita karegA to vAyu ke jhoMke se idhara-udhara DolanevAle tRNa kI bhA~ti terA citta kahIM bhI sthira na rhegaa| teisaveM adhyayana meM pArzvanAtha ke ziSya kezIkumAra aura mahAvIra vardhamAna ke ziSya gautama ke aitihAsika saMvAda kA ullekha hai / pArzvanAtha ne cArtuyAma kA upadeza diyA hai, mahAvIra 1. milAiye dhiratthu taM visaM vantaM yamahaM jiivitkrnnaa| vantaM pacAvamissAmi matamme jIvitA varaM // visavantajAtaka ( 69) /

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uttarajjhayaNa 171 ne pA~ca mahAvratoM kA; pArzvanAtha ne sacela dharma kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai aura mahAvIra ne acela dharma kA | isa matabheda kA kyA kAraNa ho sakatA hai ? isa para carcA karate hue gautama ne batAyA hai ki kucha logoM ke lie dharma kA samajhanA kaThina hotA hai, kucha ke lie dharma kA pAlanA kaThina hotA hai aura kucha ke liye dharma kA samajhanA aura pAlanA donoM AsAna hote haiM, isaliye alaga-alaga ziSyoM ke liye alaga-alaga rUpa se dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| gautama ne batAyA ki bAhyaliMga kevala vyavahAra naya se mokSa kA sAdhana hai, nizcaya naya se to jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hI vAstavika sAdhana samajhane cAhiye / __yajJIya nAma ke paccIsaveM adhyayana meM jayaghoSa muni aura vijayaghoSa brAhmaNa kA saMvAda hai| jayaghoSa muni ko dekhakara vijayaghoSa ne kahA-'he bhikSu ! maiM tujhe bhikSA na duuNgaa| yaha bhojana vedoM ke pAraMgata, yajJArthI, jyotiSazAstra aura chaha aMgoM ke jJAtA kevala brAhmaNoM ke liye surakSita hai'| yaha sunakara sacce brAhmaNa kA lakSaNa batAte hue jayaghoSa ne kahA jo loe baMbhaNo vutto aggI vA mahio jahA / sadA kusalasaMdiTheM, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // na vi muMDieNa samaNo, na UMkAreNa baMbhaNo / na muNI raNNavAseNaM, kusacIreNa taavso|| samayAe samaNo hoi, baMbhacereNa bNbhnno| nANeNa ya muNI hoi, taveNaM hoi tAvaso / kammuNA baMbhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khttio| vaisso kammuNA hoi, suddo hoi kammaNA // ' -isa loka meM jo agni kI taraha pUjya hai, use kuzala puruSa brAhmaNa kahate haiN| sira muMDA lene se zramaNa nahIM hotA, oMkAra kA jApa karane se brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, jaMgala meM rahane se 1. milAiye dhammapada ke brAhmaNavagga tathA suttanipAta, vasalasutta 21-27; selasutta 21-22 ke sAtha /

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172 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa muni nahIM hotA aura kuza-cIvara dhAraNa karane se koI tapasvI nahIM kahA jAtA | samatA se zramaNa, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni aura tapa se tapasvI hotA hai| karma se brAhmaNa, karma se kSatriya, karma se vaizya aura apane karma se hI manuSya zUdra kahA jAtA hai| zeSa adhyayanoM meM mokSamArga, samyaktva-parAkrama, tapomArga, cAritravidhi, lezyA, anagAra aura jIvAjIvavibhakti Adi kA varNana hai| 2 Avassaya (Avazyaka) Avazyaka athavA Avassaga (SaDAvazyakasUtra ) meM nityakarma ke pratipAdaka chaha Avazyaka kriyAnuSThAnoM kA ullekha hai, isaliye ise Avazyaka kahA gayA hai| isameM chaha adhyAya haiM-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna | isa para bhadrabAhu kI niyukti hai| niyukti aura bhASya donoM sAtha chape haiN| jinabhadragaNi ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI racanA kI hai| Avazyakaniyukti ke sAtha hI yaha sUtra hameM upalabdha hotA hai / isa para jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI cUrNI hai| haribhadrasUri 1. jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI cUrNI 1928 meM ratalAma se prakAzita ; haribhadrasUri kI ziSyahitA TIkA sahita Agamodaya samiti, baMbaI, 1916 meM prakAzita ; malayagiri kI TIkA Agamodayasamiti, baMbaI, 1928 meM prakAzita ; mANikyazekhara sUri kI niyuktidIpikA 1939 meM sUrata se prakAzita / akhila bhAratIya zvetAMbara sthAnakavAsI jainazA. stroddhAra samiti rAjakoTa se san 1958 meM hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda sahita isakA eka nayA saMskaraNa nikalA hai / jarmanI ke suprasiddha vidvAn aTa lAyamana ne AvazyakasUtra aura usakI TIkAoM Adi para bar3A mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| isa sambandha kA prathama bhAga Avazyaka litaretara ( Avashyaka literatur ) nAma se haimbarga se san 1934 meM jarmana bhASA meM prakAzita huA hai|

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dasaveyAliya 173 ne ziSyahitA nAma kI TIkA likhI hai / dUsarI TIkA malayagiri kI hai / mANikyazekhara sUri ne niyukti ke Upara dIpikA likhI hai| haribhadrasUri ne apanI TIkA meM ukta chaha prakaraNoM kA 35 adhyayanoM meM varNana kiyA hai jisameM aneka prAcIna prAkRta aura saMskRta kathAoM kA samAveza hai| tilakAcArya ne bhI AvazyakasUtra para laghuvRtti likhI hai| rAga-dveSa rahita samabhAva ko sAmAyika kahate haiN| sAmAyika karane vAlA vicAra karatA hai-'maiM sAmAyika karatA hU~, yAvajIvana saba prakAra ke sAvadha yoga kA mana, vacana, kAya aura kRta, kArita, anumodanA se tyAga karatA hU~, usase nivRtta hotA hU~, usakI nindA karatA hU~, apane ApakA parityAga karatA hU~ / ' dUsare Avazyaka meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA stavana hai| tIsare meM vaMdana-stavana kiyA gayA hai| ziSya guru ke pAsa baiThakara guru ke caraNoM kA sparza kara unase kSamA yAcanA karatA hai aura unakI sukhasAtA ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karatA hai| cauthe Avazyaka meM pratikramaNa kA ullekha hai / pramAvaza zubhayoga se cyuta hokara, azubha yoga ko prApta karane ke bAda, phira se zubha yoga ko prApta karane ko pratikramaNa kahate haiN| pratikramaNa karanevAle jIva ne yadi dasa zramaNadharmoM kI virAdhanA kI ho, kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cAyA ho, athavA svAdhyAya meM pramAda Adi kiyA ho to usake mithyA hone kI prArthanA karatA hai aura sarvasAdhuoM ko mastaka namA kara vaMdana karatA hai| pA~caveM Avazyaka meM vaha kAyotsarga-dhyAna ke liye zarIra kI nizcalatA meM sthita rahanA cAhatA hai| chaThe Avazyaka meM pratyAkhyAna-sarva sAvadya karmoM se nivRtti kI AvazyakatA batAI hai| isameM azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| 3 dasaveyAliya ( dazavaikAlika) kAla se nivRtta hokara vikAla meM arthAt sandhyA samaya meM isakA adhyayana kiyA jAtA thA, isaliye ise dazavaikAlika

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174 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kahA gayA hai| isake kartA zayyaMbhava haiM / ye pahale brAhmaNa the aura bAda meM jainadharma meM dIkSita ho gaye | dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda unake maNaga nAma kA putra huA | bar3e hone para maNaga ne apane pitA ke saMbaMdha meM jijJAsA prakaTa kI aura jaba use patA lagA ki unhoMne dIkSA le lI hai to vaha unakI khoja meM nikala pdd'aa| apane pitA ko khojate-khojate vaha caMpA meM pahu~cA jahA~ zayyaMbhava vihAra kara rahe the| zayyaMbhava ko apane divya jJAna se patA calA ki usakA putra kevala chaha mahIne jIvita rahanevAlA hai| yaha jAnakara unhoMne dasa adhyayanoM meM dazavaikAlika kI racanA kii| isa sUtra ke anta meM do cUlikAyeM haiM jo zayyaMbhava kI likhI huI nahIM mAnI jAtI / bhadrabAhu ke anusAra (niyukti 16-17) dazavaikAlika kA cauthA adhyayana AtmapravAda pUrva meM se, pA~cavA~ karmapravAda pUrva meM se, sAtavA~ satyapravAda pUrva meM se aura zeSa adhyayana pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tIsarI vastu meM se liye gaye haiN| bhadrabAhu ne isa para niyukti, agastyasiMha ne cUrNI, jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne cUrNI aura haribhadrasUri ne TIkA likhI hai| isa para tilakAcAye, sumatisUri aura vinayahaMsa Adi vidvAnoM kI vRttiyA~ bhI maujUda haiN| yApanIyasaMghIya aparAjitasUri (apara nAma vijayAcArya) ne bhI dazavakAlika para vijayodayA TIkA likhI hai jisakA ullekha unhoMne apanI bhagavatIArAdhanA kI TIkA meM kiyA hai / jarmana vidvAn vAlTara zUbiMga ne bhUmikA Adi sahita tathA lAyamena 1. sudharmA mahAvIra ke gaNadhara the, unake bAda jambU hue / jambU antima kevalI the, unake samaya se kevalajJAna honA banda ho gyaa| jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt prabhava nAma ke tIsare gaNadhara hue| phira zayyaMbhava hue, phira yazobhadra, saMbhUtivijaya, bhadrabAhu aura unake bAda sthUlabhadra hue| zayyaMbhava kI dIkSA ke liye dekhiye haribhadra, dazavaikAlikavRtti, pR020-1| 2. jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI cUrNI san 1933 meM ratalAma se / prakAzita ; haribhadra kI TIkA baMbaI se vi0 saM0 1999 meM prakAzita /

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dasaveyAliya 175 ne mUlasUtra aura niyukti ke jarmana anuvAda ke sAtha ise prakAzita kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI bhA~ti pizala ne isa sUtra ko bhASAzAstra ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai| dazavaikAlika ke pAThoM kI azuddhatA kI ora unhoMne khAsa taura se lakSya kiyA hai|' pahalA adhyayana drumapuSpita hai| yahA~ sAdhu ko bhramara kI upamA dI hai jahA dumassa pupphesu bhamaro Aviyai rasaM / na ya puppha kilAmei so ya pINei appayaM // -jaise bhramara vRkSa ke puSpoM ko vinA pIr3A pahu~cAye unakA rasAsvAdana kara apane Apako tRpta karatA hai, vaise hI bhikSu AhAra Adi kI gaveSaNA meM rata rahatA hai| __ dUsarA adhyayana zrAmaNyapUrvaka hai| zrAmaNya kaise prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, isake saMbaMdha meM kahA hai kahaM nu kujA sAmaNNaM jo kAme na nivArae / pae pae visIyanto saMkappassa vasaM go| 1. prAkRtabhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 35 / dazavaikAlika ke padyoM kI AcArAMgasUtra ke sAtha tulanA ke liye dekhiye DaoNkTara e0 ema0 ghATage kA nyU iNDiyana eNTIkverI (jilda 1, naM0 2 pR0 130.7) meM 'pairelala paisejez2a ina da dazavaikAlika eNDa da bhAcArAMga' nAmaka lekha / 2. milAiye-yathApi amaro puppha vANagaMdhaM aheThayaM / paleti rasamAdAya evaM gAme munI care // dhammapada, pupphavagga / 3. isa adhyayana kI bahuta sI gAthAyeM uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 22veM adhyayana se milatI haiN| 4. milAiye-kati haM careyya sAmanaM cittaM ce na nivAreyya / pade pade visIdeyya saMkappAnaM vasAnugo / saMyuttanikAya ( 1. 2.7)

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - -jo kAma-bhogoM kA nivAraNa nahIM karatA, vaha saMkalpavikalpa ke adhIna hokara pada-pada para skhalita hotA hai, phira vaha zrAmaNya ko kaise pA sakatA hai ? vatthagaMdhamalaMkAraM itthIo sayaNANi ya / acchandA je na bhuMjaMti na se cAi tti vuJcai // -vastra, gaMdha, alaMkAra, strI aura zayana-inakA jo svecchA se bhoga nahIM karatA, vaha tyAgI hai| samAe pehAe privvynto| siyA maNo nissaraI bhiddhaa|| na sA mahaM no vi ahaM pi tIse / iJceva tAo viNaejja rAgaM / / -sama bhAvanA se saMyama kA pAlana karate hue kadAcit mana idhara-udhara bhaTaka jAye to usa samaya yahI vicAra karanA cAhiye ki na vaha merI hai aura na maiM usakA / kSullikAcAra-kathA nAmaka tIsare adhyayana meM nirgrantha maharSiyoM ke liye udiSTa bhojana, snAna, gaMdha, dantadhAvana, rAjapiMDa, chatradhAraNa, vamana, virecana Adi kA niSedha hai / Sar3ajIvanIkAya adhyayana meM chaha jIvanikAyoM ko mana, vacana, kAya aura kRta, . kArita, anumodana se hAni pahu~cAne kA niSedha kiyA hai| phira sarva prANAtipAta-viramaNa, mRSAvAda-viramaNa, adattAdAna-viramaNa, maithuna-viramaNa, parigraha-viramaNa aura rAtribhojana-viramaNa kA ullekha hai / pA~caveM adhyayana meM do uddezya haiM / yahA~ batAyA hai ki bhikSAcaryA ke liye jAte samaya aura bhikSAgrahaNa karate samaya sAdhu kina bAtoM kA dhyAna rakkhe / ' bahuta haDDI (asthi ) vAlA ___1. kosiya jAtaka ( 226 ) meM bhI bhinu ke liye akAlagamana kA niSedha hai kAle nikkhamaNA sAdhu nAkAle sAdhunikkhamo / . akAlena hi nikkhamma ekakaMpi bhuujno||

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dasaveyAliya 177 mAMsa' (pudgala) aura bahuta kAMTe vAlI machalI (aNimisa) grahaNa na kre| bhojana karate samaya yadi haDDI, kA~TA, tRNa, kASTha, kaMkara Adi mu~ha meM A jAya to unheM mu~ha se na thUka kara hAtha meM lekara eka ora rakha de / bhikSu ke liye madirApAna kA niSedha batAyA hai / yatnapUrvaka AcaraNa ke liye itivRttaka (12, pR0 10) meM ullekha hai___ yataM care yataM tiDhe yataM acche yataM sye| yataM sammiAye bhikkhU yatamenaM pasAraye // 1. haribhadrasUri ne isa para TIkA (pR. 356) karate hue likhA hai ayaM kila kAlAthapekSayA grahage pratiSedhaH; anye svabhidadhati-vanaspatyadhikArAttathAvidhaphalAbhidhAne / cUrNIkAra ne likhA hai maMsaM vA gei kappai sAhUNaM, kaMci kAlaM desaM paDuca imaM suttamAgataM (dazavakAlikacUrNI, pR0 184) / isa saMbaMdha meM AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra ne kahA hai bahuaSTiyeNa maMseNa vA bahukaMTaeNa maccheNa vA uvanimaMtijA.."eyapagAraM nigdhosaM succA "no khalu me kappaabhikakhasi meM dAuM jAvaiyaM tAvaiyaM puggalaM dalayAhi mA ya ahiyAI-arthAt pudala (mAMsa) hI do, asthi nahIM / phira bhI yadi koI asthiyA~ hI pAtra meM DAla de to mAMsa-matsya kA bhakSaNa kara asthiyoM ko ekAnta meM rakha de| TIkA-evaM mAMsasUnamapi neyaM / asya copadAnaM kvacillUtAdhupazamanArtha sadvaidyopadezato bAdyaparibhogena svedAdinA jJAnAdyupakArakatvAtphalavadASTaM-bhAcArAMga (2), 1, 10, 281 pR0 323 / bhavavAdussaggiyaM (apavAda bhautsargika)-'bahu aTTiyaM poggalaM bhaNimisaM vA bahukappaM / ' evaM avavAdato giNhato bhaNAi-maMsaM dala, mA ar3hiyaM-vizeSanizIthacUrNI (sAiklosTAilDa prati), 16 pR0 1034, AvazyakacUrNI, 2, pR0 202 / 2. jJAtRdharmakathA (5) meM zailaka RSi kA madyazana dvArA roga zAnta hone kA ullekha Upara A cukA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya (954-56) meM glAna avasthA meM vaidya ke upadezapUrvaka madya (vikaTa) grahaNa karane. kA ullekha hai| 12 prA0sA0

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.178 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dharmArthakathA athavA mahAcArakathA nAmaka adhyayana meM sAdhuoM ke aThAraha sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai / ahiMsA kI AvazyakatA batAte hue kahA hai savvajIvA vi icchanti jIviuMna mrijiuN| tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM nigganthA vajjayanti NaM // -saba jIva jIne kI icchA karate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA, isaliye nimrantha muni prANavadha kA tyAga karate haiM / parigraha ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai jaM pi vatthaM va pAyaM vA kaMbalaM pAyapuMchaNaM / / taM pi saMjamalajaTThA dhArenti pariharanti y|| na so pariggaho vutto nAyaputteNa tAiNA / mucchA pariggaho vutto ii vuttaM mahesiNA / / -vastra, pAtra, kaMbala aura pAdapoMchana jo sAdhu dhAraNa karate haiM, vaha kevala saMyama aura lajjA ke rakSArtha hI karate haiM / vastra, pAtra Adi rakhane ko parigraha nahIM kahate, jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne mUrchAAsakti ko parigraha kahA hai| __ sAtaveM adhyayana meM vAkyazuddhi kA pratipAdana hai| AThaveM adhyayana meM AcAra-praNidhi kA varNana hai bahuM suNei kaNNehiM, bahuM acchIhiM pecchii| . na ya diLaM suyaM savvaM, bhikkhU, akkhAumarihaI // -bhikSu kAnoM se bahuta kucha sunatA hai, A~khoM se bahuta kucha dekhatA hai, lekina jo vaha sunatA aura dekhatA hai usa saba ko kisI ke sAmane kahanA yogya nahIM / dharmAcaraNa kA upadeza___ jarA jAva na pIlei vAhI jAva na vaDDhai / jAvindiyA na hAyanti tAva dhamma smaacre|| -bur3hApA jaba taka pIr3A nahIM detA, vyAdhi kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAtI aura indriyA~ kSINa nahIM hotI, taba taka dharma kA AcaraNa kre|

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. dasaveyAliMya 179 phira uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM madavayA jiNe / mAyaM cajjava-bhAveNaM, lobhaM saMtosao jiNe // -krodha ko upazama se, mAna ko mRdutA se, mAyA ko Arjava se aura lobha ko saMtoSa se jIte / striyoM se bacane kA upadeza jahA kukkuDapoyassa niccaM kulalao bhayaM / evaM khu baMbhacArissa itthI-viggahao bhayaM / / citta-bhittiM na nijhAe nAriM vA sualaMkiyaM / bhakkharaM piva daTTaNaM dihi~ paDisamAhare / hatthapAyapaDicchinnaM kaNNavAsavigappiyaM / avi vAsasaI nAriM baMbhayArI vivjje|| -jaise murgI ke bacce ko bilAr3I se sadA bhaya rahatA hai, vaise hI brahmacArI ko striyoM ke zarIra se bhayabhIta rahanA cAhiye / striyoM ke citroM se zobhita bhitti athavA alaMkAroM se suzobhita nArI kI ora na dekhe / yadi usa ora dRSTi par3a bhI jAye to jisa prakAra hama sUrya ko dekhakara dRSTi saMkucita kara lete haiM, vaise hI bhikSu ko bhI apanI dRSTi saMkucita kara lenI caahiye| jisake hAtha-pA~va aura nAka-kAna kaTe hue hoM athavA jo sau varSa kI bur3hiyA ho, aisI nArI se bhI bhikSu ko dUra hI rahanA caahiye| vinaya samAdhi adhyayana meM cAra uddeza haiN| yahA~ vinaya ko dharma kA mUla kahA hai| sabhikSu nAma ke adhyayana meM acche bhikSu ke lakSaNa batAye haiM / anta meM do cUlikAyeM haiM, pahalI rativAkya aura dUsarI viviktcryaa|| 1. uttarAdhyayana ke pandrahaveM adhyayana kA nAma aura viSaya Adi bhI yahI hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 4 piMDanijjutti (piMDaniyukti) piMDa kA artha hai bhojana; isa graMtha meM piMDanirUpaNa, udgama doSa, utpAdana doSa, eSaNA doSa aura grAsa eSaNA doSoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM 671 gAthAyeM haiM, niyukti aura bhASya kI gAthAyeM paraspara mila gaI haiM, isaliye unakA alaga patA nahIM cltaa| piMDaniyukti ke racayitA bhadrabAhu haiN| dazavaikAlikasUtra ke pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma piMDaiSaNA hai| isa adhyayana para likhI gaI niyukti ke vistRta ho jAne ke kAraNa use piMDaniyukti ke nAma se eka alaga hI Agama svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| isameM sAdhuoM kI AhAra-vidhi kA varNana hai| isaliye isakI gaNanA chedasUtroM meM bhI kI jAtI hai / isa para malayagiri kI bRhavRtti aura vIrAcArya kI laghuvRtti maujUda hai| piMDaniyukti meM ATha adhikAra haiM-udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA, saMyojanA, pramANa, aMgAra, dhUma aura kAraNa | piMDa ke nau bheda haiN| inameM sIpI, zaMkha tathA sarpadaMza kA zamana karane ke liye dImakoM ke ghara kI miTTI, vamana ko rokane ke liye makkhI kI viSTA, kSura Adi rakhane ke liye carma, TUTI huI haDDI jor3ane ke liye asthi, dA~ta, nakha, mArgabhraSTa sAdhu ko bulAne ke liye sIMga aura kor3ha Adi dUra karane ke liye gomUtra' Adi kA upayoga sAdhu ke liye batAyA hai| udgama doSa solaha prakAra kA hai / 1. isa para malayagiri kI TIkA devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra granthamAlA meM sUrata se san 1918 meM prakAzita huI hai| bhASya bhI sAtha meM chapA hai| 2. vaTTakera ke mUlAcAra (6.1-62) kI gAthAyeM piMDaniyukti kI gAthAoM se milatI haiN| ___3. milindapaNha (hindI anuvAda, pR0 212) meM gomUtra-pAna kA vidhAna hai|

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piMDanijjuti 181 sAdhuoM ke nimitta athavA uddezya se banAyA huA, kharIda kara athavA udhAra lAyA huA, kisI vastu ko haTA kara diyA huA aura Upara car3ha kara lAyA huA bhojana niSiddha kahA hai| utpAdana doSa ke solaha bheda haiN| durbhikSa Adi par3ane para sAdhuoM ko bhikSA prApta karane meM bar3I kaThinAiyA~ huA karatI thiiN| isaliye jahA~ taka ho doSoM ko bacAkara bhikSA grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| dhAI kA kArya karake bhikSA prApta karanA dhAtrIpiMDa doSa kahA jAtA hai| saMgamasUri isa prakAra se bhikSAgrahaNa kara apanA nirvAha karate the; unheM prAyazcita kA bhAgI honA pdd'aa| koI samAcAra le jAkara bhikSA prApta karanA dUtIpiMDa doSa hai; dhanadatta muni kA yahA~ udAharaNa diyA hai| isI prakAra aneka sAdhu bhaviSya batAkara, jAti, kula, gaNa, karma aura zilpa kI samAnatA udghoSita kara, zramaNa, brAhmaNa, atithi aura zvAna ke bhakta bana kara, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA upayoga karake, dAtA kI prazaMsA karake, cikitsA, vidyA, maMtra athavA vazIkaraNa kA upayoga karake bhikSA grahaNa karate the| ise sadoSa bhikSA kahA hai / eSaNA (nirdoSa AhAra) ke dasa bheda haiN| bAla, vRddha, unmatta, kaMpita-zarIra, jvara-pIr3ita, aMdha, kuSThI, khaMDAU pahane, ber3I meM baddha Adi puruSoM se bhikSA grahaNa karanA niSiddha hai / isI prakAra bhojana karatI huI, dahI bilotI huI, ATA pIsatI huI, cAvala kUTatI huI, ruI dhunatI huI, kapAsa oTatI huI Adi striyoM se bhikSA nahIM lene kA vidhAna hai| svAda ke liye bhikSA meM prApta vastuoM ko milAkara khAnA saMyojanA doSa hai| AhAra ke pramANa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhikSA nahIM grahaNa karanA pramANa doSa hai| Aga meM acchI taraha pakAye hue bhojana meM Asakti dikhAnA aMgAra doSa, aura acchI taraha na pakAye hue bhojana kI nindA karanA dhUmadoSa hai| saMyamapAlana, prANadhAraNa aura dharmacintana Adi kA dhyAna na rakha kara gRdhratA ke liye bhojana karanA kAraNa doSa hai|

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282 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 5 ohanijjutti ( opaniyukti) ogha arthAt sAmAnya yA sAdhAraNa | vistAra meM gaye binA isa niyukti meM sAmAnya kathana kiyA gayA hai, isaliye ise oghaniyukti kahA jAtA hai'; yaha sAmAnya sAmAcArI ko lekara likhI gaI hai| isake kartA bhadrabAhu haiN| ise Avazyakaniyukti kA aMza mAnA jAtA hai| piMDaniyukti kI bhAMti isameM bhI sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA pratipAdana hai aura aneka udAharaNoM dvArA viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / oghaniyukti ko bhI chedasUtroM meM ginA gayA hai| isameM 811 gAthAyeM haiM, niyukti aura bhASya kI gAthAyeM mizrita ho gaI haiN| droNAcArya ne oghaniyukti para cUrNI kI bhA~ti prAkRta-pradhAna TIkA likhI hai / malayagiri ne vRtti kI racanA kI hai| avacUri bhI isa para likhI gaI hai| oghaniyukti meM pratilekhanadvAra, piMDadvAra, upadhinirUpaNa, anAyatanavarjana, pratisevanAdvAra, AlocanAdvAra aura vizuddhidvAra kA prarUpaNa hai| saMyama pAlane kI apekSA AtmarakSA karanA Avazyaka hai, isa viSaya kA UhApoha karate hue kahA hai savvattha saMjamaM saMjamAu appANameva rakkhijjA / muccai aivAyAo puNo visohI na yAviraI // -sarvatra saMyama kI rakSA karanI cAhiye, lekina saMyama pAlana kI apekSA apanI rakSA adhika Avazyaka hai| kyoMki jIvita rahane para, saMyama se bhraSTa hone para bhI, tapa Adi dvArA vizuddhi 1. droNAcArya ne isa para vRtti likhI hai, jo Agamodayasamiti, baMbaI se 1919 meM prakAzita huI hai / bhASya bhI niyukti ke sAtha hI chapA hai / muni mAnavijaya jI ne droNAcArya kI vRtti ke sAtha ise sUrata se san 1957 meM prakAzita kiyA hai|

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ohaninutti kI jA sakatI hai| Akhira to pariNAmoM kI zuddhatA hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| phirasaMjamaheuM deho dhArijai so kao u tadabhAve ? ' saMjamaphAinimittaM dehaparipAlaNA iTThA / ' -saMyama pAlana ke liye hI deha dhAraNa kI jAtI hai, deha ke abhAva meM saMyama kA kahA~ se pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isaliye saMyama kI vRddhi ke liye deha kA pAlana karanA ucita hai| yadi koI sAdhu bImAra ho gayA ho to tIna, pA~ca yA sAta sAdhu svaccha vastra dhAraNa kara, zakuna dekhakara vaidya ke pAsa gamana kreN| yadi vaha kisI ke phor3e meM naztara lagA rahA ho to usa 1. isa viSaya ko lekara jaina AcAryoM meM kAphI vivAda rahA hai| vizeSanizIthacUrNI meM bhI yahI abhiprAya vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki jahA~ taka ho virAdhanA nahIM hI karanI cAhiye, kintu yadi koI cArA na ho to aisI hAlata meM virAdhanA bhI kI jA sakatI hai (jai sakkara to avirAhiMtehi, virAhiMtehiM vi Na doso, pIThikA, sAiklosTAilDa prati, pR0 90 / yahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki jaise maMtravidhi se viSamakSaNa * karane para vaha sadoSa nahIM hotA, isI taraha vidhipUrvaka kI huI hiMsA durgati kA kAraNa nahIM hotI-jahA visaM vidhIe maMtapariggahitaM khajjamANaM adosAya bhavati, avidhIe puNa khajjamANaM mAragaM bhavati, tahA hiMsA vidhIe maMtehiM jaNNajApamAdIhi kajamANA Na duggatigamaNAya bhavati, tamhA NiravAyatA passAmo hiMsA vidhIe kappati kAuM, evaM diluteNa kappamakappaM kajati, akappaM kappaM kajati / nizIthacUrNI, sAiklosTAilDa prati, 15, pRSTha 955 / mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva (12141 Adi) meM Apaddharma upasthita hone para vizvAmitra RSi ko corI karane ke liye vAdhya honA pdd'aa| 'jIvan dharma cariSyAmi' ( yadi jItA rahA to dharma kA AcaraNa kara sakegA) kA yahA~ samarthana kiyA gayA hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa samaya usase bAta na kreN| jaba vaha pavitra sthAna meM Akara baiTha jAye to use rogI kA hAla kheN| phira jo upacAra vaha batAye use dhyAnapUrvaka suneN|' grAma meM praveza kara sAdhu loga sthAna ke mAlika (zayyAtara) se pUchakara vasati (Thaharane kA sthAna ) meM Thaharate haiN| cAturmAsa bIta jAne para usase pUchakara anyatra gamana karate haiN| saMdhyA ke samaya AcArya apane gamana kI sUcanA dete haiM aura calane ke pUrva zayyAtara ke parivAra ko dharma kA upadeza dete haiN| sAdhu loga zakuna dekhakara gamana karate haiM; rAtri meM gamana nahIM karate; dUsare sthAna meM pahu~cate-pahu~cate yadi rAta ho jAye to jaMgalI jAnavara, cora, rakSapAla, baila, kutte aura vezyA Adi kA Dara rahatA hai| aise samaya yadi koI Toke to kaha denA cAhiye ki hama loga cora nahIM haiN| vasati meM pahuMcane para yadi cora kA bhaya ho to eka sAdhu vasati ke dvAra para khar3A rahe aura dUsarA mala-mUtra (kAyikI) kA tyAga kare | yahA~ mala-mUtra tyAga karane kI vidhi batAI hai| kabhI koI vidhavA, proSitabhartRkA athavA roka kara rakkhI huI strI sAdhu ko akelA pAkara ghara kA dvAra banda kara de, to yadi sAdhu strI kI icchA karatA hai to vaha saMyama se bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| yadi icchA nahIM karatA to strI jhUThamUTha . usakI badanAmI ur3A sakatI hai| yadi koI strI use jabardastI pakar3a le to sAdhu ko cAhiye ki vaha strI ko dharmopadeza de / yadi strI phira bhI na chor3e to guru ke samIpa jAne kA bahAnA banAkara vahA~ se calA jaaye| phira bhI saphalatA na mile to vrata bhaMga karane ke liye vaha kamare meM calA jAya aura upAyAntara na dekha rassI Adi se laTaka kara prANAnta kara le | . upadhi kA nirUpaNa karate hue jinakalpiyoM ke nimnalikhita bAraha upakaraNa batAye haiM-pAtra, pAtrabandha, pAtrasthApana, pAtra 1. isa varNama ke lie dekhiye, suzrutasaMhitA, (a0 29, sUtra 23, pR0 175 aadi)|

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185 ohanijutti kesarikA (pAtramukhavastrikA), paTala,' rajatrANa, gocchaka, tIna pracchAdaka (vastra), rajoharaNa aura mukhvtrikaa| inameM mAtraka aura colapaTTa milA dene se sthavirakalpiyoM ke caudaha upakaraNa ho jAte haiM / ukta bAraha upakaraNoM meM mAtraka, kamaDhaga, umgahaNaMtaga (guhya aMga kI rakSA ke liye), paTTaka (uggahaNaMtaga ko donoM ora se Dhakane vAlA; jA~ghiye kI bhA~ti ), addhoruga ( uggahaNaMtaga aura paTTaka ke Upara pahane jAnAvAlA), calanikA (ghuTanoM taka AnevAlA binA sIyA vastra), abhiMtaraniyaMsiNI (AdhI jA~ghoM taka laTakA rahanevAlA vastra, vastra badalate samaya sAdhviyA~ isakA upayoga karatI thIM), bahiniyaMsiNI (ghuTTiyoM taka laTakA rahanevAlA; DorI ke dvArA ise kaTi meM bA~dhA jAtA thA) nAmaka vastra ullekhanIya hai / isake alAvA ninna vastra zarIra ke UparI bhAga meM pahane jAte the-kaMcuka (vakSasthala ko DhakanevAlA vastra), ukkacchiya (kaMcuka ke samAna hI hotA thA), vekacchiya (kaMcuka aura ukkacchiya donoM ko DhakanevAlA vastra ), saMghAr3I, khaMdhakaraNI (cAra hAtha laMbA vastra, vAyu Adi se rakSA karane ke liye pahanA jAtA thaa)| ye saba milAkara 25 upakaraNa AryAoM ke liye batAye gaye haiN| yahA~ pAtra, daNDa, yaSTi, carma, carmakoza, carmaccheda, yogapaTTaka, cilamilI aura upAnaha Adi upakaraNoM ke dhAraNa karane kA prayojana batAyA hai| sAdhu ke upakaraNoM meM yaSTi Adi rakhane kA vidhAna hai| yaSTi AtmapramANa, viyaSTi apane se cAra aMgula kama, daNDa bAhupramANa, vidaNDa kA~kha (kakSA) pramANa aura nAlikA apane pramANa se cAra aMgula 1. bhojana-pAtra meM puSpa Adi na gira jAye isaliye sAdhAraNatayA yaha vastra kAma meM AtA thA, lekina isake alAvA usa samaya jo sAdhu nagna avasthA meM vihAra karate the ve isa vastra ko apane liMga ko saMvaraNa karane ke kAma meM lete the-liMgassa saMvaraNe vedodayarakkhaNe paDalA / / 702 / / isa ullekha kI ora muni puNyavijaya jI ne merA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai, etadartha maiM AbhArI huuN| .

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186 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa adhika hotI hai| jala kI thAha lene ke liye nAlikA, paradA bA~dhane ke liye yaSTi, upAzraya ke daravAje meM lagAne ke liye (uvassayabAraghaTTaNI) viyaSTi, bhikSA ke liye bhramaNa karate samaya ATha mahIne rakSA ke liye daMDa tathA varSAkAla meM vidaNDa kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt lAThiyoM ke bheda batAte hue eka, tIna aura sAta porI Adi vAlI lAThI ko zubha tathA cAra, pA~ca aura chaha porI vAlI lAThI ko azubha kahA hai| . yahA~ (pRSTha 152) 'cANakae vi bhaNiyaM' kaha kara nimna avataraNa diyA gayA hai-"jaha kAiyaM na vosirai tato adoso" (yadi mala-mUtra kA tyAga nahIM karatA to doSa nahIM hai)| pakkhiyasutta ( pAkSikasUtra ) pAkSikasUtra AvazyakasUtra meM garbhita ho jAtA hai / jainadharma meM pA~ca prakAra ke pratikramaNa batAye haiM :-daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika / yahA~ pAkSika pratikramaNa ko lekara hI pakkhiyasutta kI racanA huI hai| isa hisAba se ise AvazyakasUtra kA aMga samajhanA caahiye| isa para yazodevasUri ne sukhavibodhA nAma kI vRtti likhI hai|' isa sUtra meM rAtribhojana ko milA kara chaha mahAvratoM aura unake aticAroM kA vivaraNa hai| kSamAzramaNoM kI vandanA kI gaI hai| 28 ukkAliya, 37 kAliya tathA 12 aMgoM ke nAmoM kI sUcI yahA~ dI gaI hai| khAmaNAsutta (kSAmaNAsUtra) ise pAkSikakSAmaNAsUtra bhI kahate haiN| koI ise pAkSikasUtra ke sAtha ginate haiM, koI alg| . .. .. yazodevasUri kI TIkA sahita devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakodvAra, sUrata se san 1951 meM prakAzita /

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'baMdittusutta / vaMdittusutta ise zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra bhI kahate haiN| isakI pahalI gAthA 'vaMdittu savvasiddhe' se Arambha hotI hai, isalie ise vaMdittusutta kahA jAtA hai| yaha sUtra gaNadharoM dvArA racita kahA gayA hai| isa para akalaMka, devasUri, pArzvasUri, jinezvarasUri, zrIcandrasUri, tilakAcArya, rabazekharasUri Adi AcAryoM ne TIkAe~ likhI haiN| sabase prAcIna vijayasiMha kI cUrNI hai jo saMvat 1183 (san 1126 ) meM likhI gaI hai| isibhAsiya (RSibhASita ) pratyekabuddhoM dvArA bhASita hone se ise RSibhASita kahA hai| isameM nArada, aMgarisi, valkalacIri, kummAputta, mahAkAsava, maMkhaliputta, bAhuka, rAmaputta, ammaDa, mAyaMga, vArattaya, isigiri, adAlaya, dIvAyaNa, vesamaNa Adi 45 adhyayanoM meM 1. pArzvasUri, candrasUri aura tilakAcArya kI vRttiyoM sahita vinayabhakti sundaracaraNagranthamAlA meM vi0 saM0 1997 meM prakAzita / ratnazekharasUri kI vRtti kA anusaraNa karake kisI AcArya ne avacUri likhI hai jo vandanapratikramaNAvacUri ke nAma se devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakodvAra granthamAlA meM san 1952 meM prakAzita huI hai| 2. RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma dvArA san 1927 meM prkaashit| 3. theragAthA ( 4 ) meM kummAputta sthavira kA ullekha hai| 4. sUtrakRtAMga (3.4-2, 3, 4, pRSTha 94 a-95) meM rAmagupta rAjarSi, bAhuka, nArAyaNamaharSi, asitadevala, dvIpAyana, parAzara Adi mahApuruSoM ko samyakacAritra ke pAlana karane se mokSa kI prApti batAI hai| causaraNa kI TIkA (64) meM bhI anyaliMga-siddhoM meM valkalacIrI Adi tathA ajina-siddhoM meM puMDarIka, gautama Adi kA ullekha hai|

Page #205
288 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pratyekabuddhoM ke caritra diye hue haiN| isameM aneka adhyayana padya meM haiN| isa sUtra para niyukti likhe jAne kA ullekha hai jo Ajakala anupalabdha hai| nandI aura anuyogadAra nandI kI gaNanA anuyogadvAra ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| ye donoM Agama anya AgamoM kI apekSA arvAcIna haiN| nandI ke kato dUSyagaNi ke ziSya devavAcaka haiM / kucha loga devavAcaka aura devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ko eka hI mAnate haiN| lekina yaha ThIka nahIM hai| donoM kI gaccha paramparAyeM bhinna-bhinna haiN| jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne isa sUtra para cUrNI tathA haribhadra aura malayagiri ne TIkAyeM likhI haiN|' nandIsUtra meM 60 padyAtmaka gAthAyeM aura 56 sUtra haiN| Arambha kI gAthAoM meM mahAvIra, saMgha aura zramaNoM kI stuti kI gaI hai| sthavirAvalI meM bhadrabAhU, sthUlabhadra, mahAgiri, Arya zyAma, Arya samudra, Arya maMgu, Aya nAgahasti, skaMdila AcArya, nAgArjuna, bhUtadinna Adi ke nAma mukhya haiN| prathama sUtra meM jJAna ke pA~ca bheda batAye haiN| phira jJAna ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vistAra se kathana hai| samyak zruta meM dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka ke AcArAMga Adi 12 bheda batAye gae haiN| dvAdazAMga sarvajJa, sarvadarziyoM dvArA bhASita mAnA hai| mithyAzruta meM bhArata (mahAbhArata) ___1. cUrNI san 1928 meM ratalAma se prakAzita; haribhadra kI TIkA sahita san 1928 meM ratalAma se aura malaya giri kI TIkA sahita san 1924 meM bambaI se prakAzita / isa Agama kI kucha kathAoM kI tulanA kAlipAda mitra ne iNDiyana hisTorikala kvArTI (jilda 19, naM0 3-4) meM prakAzita 'sama Teksa oNva aizieNTa iz2arAila, deara orijinalsa eNDa pairelalsa' nAmaka lekha meM anya kathAoM ke sAthakI hai|

Page #206
mandI 189 rAmAyaNa, bhImAsurakkha', kauTilya', ghoTakamukha', sagaDamahiA, kappasia, nAgasuhuma, kanakasattari', vaisesiya (vaizeSika), buddhavacana, trairAzika, kApilika, lokAyata, SaSThitaMtra, mAThara; purANa, vyAkaraNa, bhAgavata, pAtaMjali, pussadevaya, lekha, gaNita, zakunaruta, nATaka Adi tathA 72 kalA aura sAMgopAMga cAra vedoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| __ nandIsUtra ke anusAra zruta ke do bheda haiM :-gamika zruta aura Agamika zruta ! gamika zruta meM dRSTivAda aura Agamika meM kAlika kA antarbhAva hotA hai| athavA zruta ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM-aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa | TIkAkAra ke anusAra aMgapraviSTa gaNadharoM dvArA aura aMgabAhya sthaviroM dvArA race jAte haiN| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi ke bheda se aMgapraviSTa ke 12 bheda haiN| aMgabAhya do prakAra kA hai-Avazyaka aura Avazyakavyatirikta / Avazyaka sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna ke bheda se chaha prakAra kA hai| Avazyakavyatirikta ke do bheda haiM-kAlika (jo dina aura rAtri kI prathama aura aMtima porisI meM par3hA jAtA hai) aura utkAlika | kAlika ke nimnalikhita bheda batAye gaye haiM 1. vyavahArabhASya ( 1, pRSTha 132 ) meM mAThara aura koDina kI daMDanIti ke sAtha bhaMbhIya aura Asurukkha kA ullekha hai| nemicandra ke gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa (303, pRSTha 117 ) meM AbhIya aura Asurukkha tathA lalitavistara (pRSTha 156) meM AMbhIya aura Asurya kA nAma AtA hai / tathA dekhiye mUlAcAra (5-61 ) TIkA / 2. sUtrakRtAMgacUrNI ( pRSTha 208) meM cANakkakoDilla aura bauddhoM ke cUlavaMsa (64-3) meM koTalla kA ullekha hai| * 3. arthazAstra (pRSTha 282 ) aura kAmasUtra (pRSTha 188) meM ghoTakamukha kA ullekha hai| majjhimanikAya (2, pRSTha 157 Adi) bhI dekhiye| 4. IzvarakRSNa kI saaNkhykaarikaa|

Page #207
190 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa uttarajjhayaNa, dasAo, kappa, vavahAra, nisIha, mahAnisIha, isibhAsiya, jaMbuddIvapannatti, dIvasAgarapannatti, caMdapannatti, khuDDiyAvimANapavibhatti, mahalliAvimANapavibhatti, aMgacUlikA, vaggacUlikA, vivAhacUlikA, aruNovavAya, varuNovavAya, garulovavAya, dharaNokvAya, 'vesamaNovavAya, velaMdharovavAya, deviMdovavAya, uThANasuya, samuTThANasuya, nAgapariAvaNiAo, nirayAvaliyAo, kappiAo, kappavaDiMsiyAo, puphiyAo, pupphacUliyAo, vahidasAo Adi | utkAlika ke nimnalikhita bheda haiM:dasaveAliya, kappAkappiya, cullakappasua, mahAkappasua, uvavAia, rAyapaseNia, jIvAbhigama, paNNavaNA, mahApaNNavaNA, pamAyappamAya, naMdI, anuyogadAra, devidatthaa, taMdulaveAlia, caMdAvijjhaya, sUrapaNNatti, porisimaMDala, maMDalapavesa, vijjAcaraNaviNicchaa, gaNivijjA,mANavibhattI, maraNavibhattI, AyavisohI, vIyarAgasua, saMlehaNAsua, vihArakappa, caraNavihI, AurapaccakkhANa, mahApackkhANa Adi / ___ anuyogadAra (anuyogadvAra ) yaha AryarakSita dvArA racita mAnA jAtA hai | viSaya aura bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha sUtra kAphI arvAcIna mAlUma hotA hai|' . isa para bhI jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI cUrNI tathA haribhadra aura abhayadeva ke ziSya maladhAri hemacandra kI TIkAyeM haiN| praznottara kI zailI meM isameM pramANa-palyopama, sAgaropama, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura anaMta ke prakAra, tathA nikSepa, anugama aura naya kA prarUpaNa hai| nAma ke dasa prakAra, nava kAvya-rasa aura unake udAharaNa, mithyAzAstra, svaroM ke nAma, sthAna, unake lakSaNa, grAma, mUrcchanA Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| kuprAvacanikoM meM caraka, ... 1. haribhadrasUri kI TIkA sahita san 1928 meM ratalAma se aura maladhArI hemacandra kI TIkA sahita san 1936 meM bhAvanagara se prakAzita /

Page #208
191 anuyogadAra cIrika, carmakhaMDia, bhikkhoNDa, pAMDuraMga, gautama, gobatika, gRhidharma, dharmacintaka, viruddha aura vRddhoM kA ullekha hai| anuyogadvAracUrNI meM inakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| pAMca prakAra ke sUtroM meM aMDaya, boMDaya, kIDaya, bAlaja, aura kiTTisa ke nAma ginAye haiN| mithyAzAstroM meM nandI meM ullikhita mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi ginAye gaye haiM; eka vaizika adhika hai / Agama, lopa, prakRti aura vikAra kA pratipAdana karate hue vyAkaraNasambandhI udAharaNa diye haiN| samAsa, taddhita, dhAtu aura nirukti kA vistRta vivecana hai / pAkhaNDiyoM meM zramaNa, pAMDuraMga, bhikSu, kApAlika, tApasa aura parivrAjaka kA ullekha hai| karmakAroM meM 1. inake artha ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA, pRSTa 206-7 // 2. sUtrakRtAMgaTIkA (4, 1, 20, pRSTha 111) meM vaizika kA artha kAmazAstra kiyA hai jisakA adhyayana karane ke lie loga pATaliputra jAyA karate the| sUtrakRtAMgacUrNI (pRSTha 140) meM vaizika kA eka vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai-durvijJayo hi bhAvaH pramadAnAm / nimnAlekhita zloka bhI uddhRta hai etA hasaMti ca rudaMti ca arthahetoH / vizvAsayaMti ca naraM na ca vizvasaMti // striyaH kRtArthAH puruSaM nirrthk| niSpIlitAlaktakavat tyati // bharata ke nATyazAstra meM vaizika nAmakA 23 vAM adhyAya hai / lalitavistara (pRSTha 156 ) meM bhI vaizika kA ullekha hai| dAmodara ke kuTTinImata (zloka 504 ) meM datta ko vaizika kA kartA batAyA hai| 3. nizIthacUrNI, (pRSTha 865) ke anusAra gozAla ke ziSya pAMDurabhitu kahe jAte the| dhammapada-aTThakathA (4, pRSTha 8) meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| 4. prajJApanA ( 1, 37 ) meM karma aura zilpa,AryoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|

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192 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tRNaM, kASTha aura patra DhonevAle, kapar3A becanevAle (dosiya), sUta becanevAle (sottiya ), bartana becanevAle (bhaMDaveAlia ) aura kumhAra (kolAlia ), tathA zilpajIviyoM meM kapar3A bunanevAle (taMtuvAya), paTTakAra, kASThakAra, chatrakAra, citrakAra, daMtakAra, koTTimakAra Adi kA ullekha hai| gaNoM meM malloM kA nAma ginAyA hai| pramANa ke cAra bheda haiM-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama | anumAna tIna prakAra kA hai-pUrvavat , zeSavat aura dRSTasAdharmya /

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tIsarA adhyAya AgamoM kA vyAkhyA-sAhitya ( IsavI san kI lagabhaga 2sarI zatAbdI se lekara 16vIM zatAbdI taka) pAli tripiTaka para buddhaghoSa kI aTThakathAoM kI bhAMti Agama-sAhitya para bhI niyukti, bhASya, cUrNI, TIkA, vivaraNa, vivRti, vRtti, dIpikA, avacUri, avacUrNI vivecana, vyAkhyA, chAyA, akSarArtha, paMjikA, TabbA, bhASATIkA, vacanikA Adi vipula vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya likhA gayA hai| isameM se bahuta kucha prakAza meM A gayA hai aura abhI bahuta kucha bhaMDAroM meM par3A huA hai| AgamoM kA viSaya itanA gaMbhIra aura pAribhASika hai ki vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya ke binA use samajhanA kaThina hai / vAcanAbheda aura pAThoM kI vividhatA ke kAraNa tathA aneka vRddha sampradAyoM ke vismRta ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha kaThinAI aura bar3ha jAtI hai| AgamoM ke TIkAkAroM ne isa ora jagaha-jagaha lakSya kiyA hai| prAkRta sAhitya ke itihAsa kI adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya meM niyukti, bhASya, cUrNI tathA katipaya TIkAyeM prAkRtabaddha hone ke kAraNa mahatvapUrNa haiN| ina cAra ke sAtha AgamoM ko milA dene se yaha sAhitya paMcAMgI kahA jAtA hai| paMcAgI kA adhyayana prAkRta sAhitya ke kramika vikAsa ko samajhane ke lie atyaMta upayogI hai| nijjutti (niyukti) vyAkhyAtmaka granthoM meM niyukti kA sthAna sarvopari hai| sUtra meM nizcaya kiyA huA artha jisameM nibaddha ho use niyukti kahA hai 13 prA0 sA0

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194 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (NijjuttA teatthA, jaMbaddhA teNa hoi nnijjuttii')| niyukti AgamoM para AryA chaMda meM prAkRta gAthAoM meM likhA huA saMkSipta vivecana hai| isameM viSaya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie aneka kathAnaka, udAharaNa aura dRSTAMtoM kA upayoga kiyA hai, jinakA ullekhamAtra yahA~ milatA hai| yaha sAhitya itanA sAMketika aura saMkSipta hai ki binA bhASya aura TIkA ke samyaka prakAra se samajha meM nahIM aataa| isIlie TIkAkAroM ne mUla Agama ke sAtha-sAtha niyuktiyoM para bhI TIkAyeM likhI haiN| prAcIna guru paramparA se Agata pUrva sAhitya ke AdhAra para hI niyuktisAhitya kI racanA kI gaI jAna par3atI hai| saMkSipta aura padyabaddha hone ke kAraNa yaha sAhitya AsAnI se kaMThastha kiyA jA sakatA thA aura dharmopadeza ke samaya isameM se kathA Adi ke uddharaNa diye jA sakate the / piMDaniyukti aura oghaniyukti AgamoM ke mUlasUtroM meM ginI gaI haiM, isase niyukti-sAhitya kI prAcInatA kA patA calatA hai ki valabhI vAcanA ke samaya, IsavI san kI pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva hI, niyuktiyA~ likhI jAne lagI thiiN| nayacakra ke kartA mallavAdI (vikrama saMvat kI 5 vIM zatAbdI) ne apane grantha meM niyukti kI gAthA kA uddharaNa diyA hai, isase bhI ukta kathana kA samarthana hotA hai| AcArAMga, . sUtrakRtAMga, sUryaprajJapti, vyavahAra, kalpa, dazAzrutaskaMdha uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika aura RSibhASita ina dasa sUtroM para niyuktiyA~ likhI gaI haiM | inake lekhaka paraMparA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiM jo saMbhavataH chedasUtra ke kartA aMtima 1. niyuktAnAmeva sUtrArthAnAM yukti:-paripATyA yojanaM / haribhadra, dazavaikAlika-vRtti, pRSTha / 2. dekhiye munipuNyavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita bRhaskalpasUtra, bhAga 6 kA Amukha, pRSTha 6 / / 3. muni puNyavijayajI vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI niyuktiyoM

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bhAsa 195 zrutakevali bhadrabAhu se bhinna haiM / ' durbhAgya se bahuta se AgamoM kI niyukti aura bhASya kI gAthAyeM paraspara itanI mizrita ho gaI haiM ki cUrNIkAra bhI unheM pRthak nahIM kara sake / niyuktiyoM meM aneka aitihAsika, ardha-aitihAsika aura paurANika paraMparAyeM, jainasiddhAMta ke tatva aura jainoM ke paraMparAgata AcAra-vicAra sannihita haiN| bhAsa ( bhASya ) niyuktiyoM kI bhA~ti bhASya bhI prAkRta gAthAoM meM saMkSipta zailI meM likhe gaye haiN| bRhatkalpa, dazavakAlika Adi sUtroM ke bhASya aura niyukti kI gAthAyeM paraspara atyadhika mizrita ho gaI haiM, isaliye alaga se unakA adhyayana karanA kaThina hai| niyuktiyoM kI bhASA ke samAna bhASyoM kI bhASA bhI mukhyarUpa se prAcIna prAkRta (ardhamAgadhI) hai; aneka sthaloM para mAgadhI aura zaura zaurasenI ke prayoga bhI dekhane meM Ate haiN| mukhya chaMda AryA hai| bhASyoM kA samaya sAmAnya taura para IsavI san kI lagabhaga cauthI-pA~cavI zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhASyasAhitya meM khAsakara nizIthabhASya, vyavahArabhASya aura bRhatkalpabhASya kA sthAna atyaMta mahatva kA hai| isa sAhitya meM aneka prAcIna anuzrutiyA~, laukika kathAyeM aura paraMparAgata nigraMthoM ke prAcIna AcAra-vicAra kI vidhiyoM Adi kA pratipAdana hai| 1. agastyasiMha kI dazavaikAlikacUrNI meM prathama adhyayana kI niyukti gAthAoM kI saMkhyA kula 54 hai jaba ki haribhadra kI TIkA meM / yaha saMkhyA 156 taka pahuMca gaI hai, isase bhI niyukti aura bhASya kI gAthAoM meM gar3abar3I hone kA patA calatA hai ( dekhiye vhii)| 2. isibhAsiya ke Upara bhI niyukti thI lekina sUryaprajJapti kI niyukti kI bhAMti yaha bhI anupalabdha hai| mahAnizItha ke anusAra paMcamaMgalazrutaskaMdha ke Upara bhI niyukti likhI gaI thii| mUlAcAra (5, 82) meM ArAdhanAniyukti kA bhI ullekha hai|

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196 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jaina-zramaNa saMgha ke prAcIna itihAsa ko samyak prakAra se samajhane ke liye ukta tInoM bhASyoM kA gaMbhIra adhyayana Avazyaka hai| haribhadrasUri ke samakAlIna saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa, jo vasudevahiNDI ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka se bhinna haiM, kalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha bhASyoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| nimnalikhita gyAraha sUtroM ke bhASya upalabdha haiM-nizItha, vyavahAra, kalpa, paMcakalpa, jItakalpa, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, piMDaniyukti, oghaniyukti | Agametara graMthoM meM caityavaMdana, devavaMdanAdi aura navatattvagAthAprakaraNa Adi para bhI bhASya likhe gaye haiN| cuNNi (cUrNI) AgamoM ke Upara likhe hue vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM cUrNiyoM kA sthAna bahuta mahattva kA hai| cUrNiyA~ gadya meM likhI gaI haiN| saMbhavataH padya meM likhe hue niyukti aura bhASya-sAhitya meM jainadharma ke siddhAMtoM ko vistAra se pratipAdana karane ke liye adhika guMjAyaza nahIM thii| isake alAvA, cUrNiyA~ kevala prAkRta meM hI na likhI jAkara saMskRtamizrita prAkRta meM likhI gaI thIM, isaliye bhI isa sAhitya kA kSetra niyukti aura bhASya kI apekSA adhika vistRta thaa| cUrNiyoM meM prAkRta kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa isakI bhASA ko mizra prAkRta bhASA kahanA sarvathA ucita hI hai| cUrNiyoM meM prAkRta kI laukika, dhArmika aneka 1. nizItha ke vizeSacUrNikAra ne cUrNI kI nimna paribhASA dI hai-pAgaDo ti prAkRtaH pragaTo vA padArtho vastubhAvo yatra saH, tathA paribhASyate artho'nayeti paribhASA cUrNirucyate / abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa meM cUrNI kI paribhASA dekhie asthabahulaM mahatthaM heunivAovasaggagaMbhIraM / bahupAyamavocchinnaM gamaNayasuddhaM tu cuNNapayaM // jisameM artha kI bahulatA ho, mahAn artha ho, hetu, nipAta aura

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cuNNi . 197 kathAyeM dI haiM, prAkRta bhASA meM zabdoM kI vyutpatti dI hai tathA saMskRta aura prAkRta ke aneka padya uddhRta kiye haiN| cUrNiyoM meM nizItha kI vizeSacUrNI tathA AvazyakacUrNI kA sthAna bahuta mahattva kA hai| inameM jaina purAtattva se saMbaMdha rakhanevAlI vipula sAmagrI milatI hai| deza-deza ke rIti-rivAja, mele-tyohAra, duSkAla, cora-luTere, sArthavAha, vyApAra ke mArga, bhojana, vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi viSayoM kA isa sAhitya meM varNana hai jisase jaina AcAryoM kI janasaMparka kI vRtti, vyavahArakuzalatA aura unake vyApaka adhyayana kA patA lagatA hai| lokakathA aura bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi yaha sAhitya atyanta upayogI hai| vANijyakulIna koTikagaNIya vajrazAkhIya jinadAsagaNi mahattara adhikAMza cUrNiyoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| inakA samaya IsavI san kI chaThI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| nimnalikhita AgamoM para cUrNiyA~ upalabdha haiM-AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, kalpa, vyavahAra nizItha, paMcakalpa, dazAzrutaskaMdha jItakalpa, jIvAbhigama, jagbUdvIpaprajJapti, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, nandI aura anuyogadvAra / Agametara granthoM meM zrAvakapratikramaNasUtra, sArdhazataka tathA karmagranthoM para cUrNiyA~ likhI gaI haiN| TIkA * niyukti, bhASya, aura cUrNiyoM kI bhAMti AgamoM ke Upara vistRta TIkAyeM bhI likhI gaI haiM jo Agama siddhAnta ko upasarga se jo yukta ho, gaMbhIra ho, aneka padoM se samanvita ho, jisameM aneka gama (jAnane ke upAya ) ho aura jo nayoM se zuddha ho use cUrNIpada samajhanA caahiye| bauddha vidvAn mahAkaccAyana nirukti ke kartA kahe gaye haiN| nirukti do prakAra kI hai, cUlanirukti aura mahAnirukti, dekhie jI0 pI0 malAlasekara, DikzanarI oNva pAlI propara nemsa, jilda 2, pRSTha 79 /

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198 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa samajhane ke lie atyaMta upayogI haiN| ye TIkAyeM saMskRta meM haiM, yadyapi kucha TIkAoM kA kathAsaMbaMdhI aMza prAkRta meM bhI uddhata kiyA gayA hai| jAna par3atA hai ki AgamoM kI aMtima valabhI vAcanA ke pUrva hI AgamoM para TIkAyeM likhI jAne lagI thiiN| vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke AcArya agastyasiMha ne apanI dazavaikAlikacUrNI meM aneka sthaloM para ina prAcIna TIkAoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| isake atirikta, himavaMta therAvalI ke anusAra Arya madhumitra ke ziSya tattvArtha ke Upara mahAbhASya ke lekhaka Arya gaMdhahastI ne AryaskaMdila ke Agraha para 12 aMgoM para vivaraNa likhA thaa| AcArAMgasUtra kA vivaraNa vikrama saMvat ke 200 varSa bAda liyA gyaa| isase AgamoM para likhe gaye vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA samaya kAphI pahale pahu~ca jAtA hai| TIkAkAroM meM yAkinIsUnu haribhadrasUri (705-775 IsavI san ) kA nAma ullekhanIya hai jinhoMne Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika nandI aura anuyogadvAra para TIkAyeM likhiiN| prajJApanA para bhI haribhadra ne TIkA likhI hai| ina TIkAoM meM lekhaka ne kathAbhAga ko prAkRta meM hI surakSita rakkhA hai| haribhadrasUri ke lagabhaga 100 varSe pazcAt zIlAMkasUri ne AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga para saMskRta TIkAyeM likhiiN| inameM jaina AcAra-vicAra aura tattva- / jJAnasaMbaMdhI aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| haribhadrasUri kI bhAMti TIkAoM meM prAkRta kathAoM ko surakSita rakhanevAle AcAryoM meM vAdivetAla zAntisUri, nemicandrasUri aura malayagiri kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| zAntisUri aura nemicandra IsavI sana kI 11vIM zatAbdI meM hue the / zAntisUri kI to TIkA kA nAma hI pAiya (prAkRta) TIkA hai, ise ziSyahitA athavA uttarAdhyayanasUtra-bRhadvRtti bhI kahA gayA hai| nemicandrasUri ne isa TIkA ke AdhAra para sukhabodhA nAma kI ..dekhiye puNyavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita vRhatkalpasUtra bhAga 6 kA bhaamukh||

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AcArAMganiyukti TIkA likhI hai| zAntisUri ne prAkRta kI kathAyeM uddhRta karate hue aneka sthaloM para vRddhasampradAya, vRddha, vRddhavAda athavA 'anne bhaNaMti' kahA hai jisase siddha hotA hai ki prAcInakAla se ina kathAoM kI paraMparA calI A rahI thii| ukta donoM TIkAoM meM baMbhadatta aura agaDadatta kI kathAyeM to itanI lambI haiM ki ve eka svataMtra pustaka kA viSaya hai| anya TIkAkAroM meM IsavI san kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn abhayadevasUri, droNAcArya maladhAri hemacandra, malayagiri, tathA kSemakIrti (IsavI san 1275), zAnticandra (IsavI san 1563) Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| vAstava meM Agama-siddhAMtoM para vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA itanI pracuratA se nirmANa huA ki vaha eka alaga hI sAhitya bana gayA / isa vipula sAhitya ne apane uttarakAlIna sAhitya ke nirmANa meM yogadAna diyA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa prAkRta bhASA kA kathA-sAhitya, carita-sAhitya, dhArmika-sAhitya aura zAstrIya-sAhitya uttarottara vikasita hokara adhikAdhika samRddha hotA gayA / niyukti-sAhitya AcArAMganiyukti AcArAMgasUtra para bhadrabAhusUri ne 356 gAthAoM meM niyukti likhI hai| ina para zIlAMka ne mahApariNNA adhyayana kI dasa gAthAoM ko chor3akara TIkA likhI hai| dvAdazAMga ke prathama aMga AcArAMga ko pravacana kA sAra aura AcAradhArI ko gaNiyoM meM pradhAna kahA gayA hai| kauna kisakA sAra hai, isakA vivecana karate hue kahA hai aMgANaM kiM sAro ? AyAro, tassa havai kiM sAro ? aNuogattho sAro, tassavi ya parUvaNA sAro / sAro parUvaNAe caraNaM, tassavi ya hoi nivvANaM / nivvANassa u sAro, avvAbAhaM jiNA biti / /

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200 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -aMgoM kA kyA sAra hai ? AcArAMga | AcArAMga kA kyA sAra hai ? anuyogArtha arthAt usakA vikhyAta artha / anuyogArtha kA sAra prarUpaNA hai / prarUpaNA kA sAra cAritra hai| cAritra kA sAra nirvANa hai, aura nirvANa kA sAra avyAbAdha hai-aisA jinendra ne kahA hai| brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ye cAra mukhya varNa batAte hue aMbaSTha (brAhmaNa puruSa aura vaizya strI se utpanna), ugra (kSatriya puruSa aura zUdra strI se utpanna), niSAda athavA pArAzara (brAhmaNa puruSa aura zUdra strI se utpanna), ayogava (zUdra puruSa aura vaizya strI se utpanna), mAgadha (vaizya puruSa aura kSatriya strI se utpanna), sUta (kSatriya puruSa aura brAhmaNa strI se utpanna), vaideha (vaizya puruSa aura brAhmaNa strI se utpanna ), aura cANDAla (zUdra puruSa aura brAhmaNa strI se utpanna) nAmaka nau avAntara varNoM kA ullekha hai| isake atirikta, ugra puruSa aura kSattA strI se utpanna zvapAka, videha puruSa aura kSattA strI se utpanna bukkasa tathA zUdra puruSa aura niSAda strI se utpanna kukkuraka kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt dizAoM kA svarUpa batAyA hai| phira pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejakAya, vanaspatikAya, trasa tathA vAyukAya jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda kA kathana hai| kaSAya ko samasta koM kA mUla kahA hai| nIce likhI gAthAoM meM vividha vAdiyoM dvArA 'sakuNDalaM vA vayaNaM na va tti' nAma kI samasyApUrti kI gaI hai (1) parivrAjakabhikkhaM paviTeNa mae'jja diLaM, pamayAmuhaM kamalavisAlanettaM / vakkhittacitteNa na suThu nAyaM, sakuNDalaM vA vayaNaM na vatti // -bhikSA ke liye jAte samaya maiMne kamala ke samAna vizAla netra vAlI pramadA kA mu~ha dekhA | vikSipta citta hone ke kAraNa mujhe patA nahIM lagA ki mukha kuNDala-sahita thA yA kuNDalarahita ? . ..

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201 AcArAMganiyukti 201 (2) tApasaphalodaeNaM mi gihaM paviTTho, tatthAsaNatthA pamayA mi dihaa| vakkhittacitteNa na suThu nAyaM sakuMDalaM vA vayaNaM na va tti / / -phala ke udaya se ghara meM praviSTa karate samaya maiMne vahA~ Asana para baiThI huI pramadA ko dekhA / vikSipta citta hone ke kAraNa mujhe yaha patA nahIM lagA ki usakA mukha kuNDala sahita thA yA nahIM ? (3) zauddhodani kA ziSyamAlAvihAraMmi mae'jja diTThA, uvAsiyA kNcnnbhuusiyNgii| vakkhittacitteNa na suTachu nAyaM, sakuMDalaM vA vayaNaM na va ti|| -mAlAvihAra ke samaya Aja maiMne suvarNa se bhUSita aMgavAlI upAsikA ko dekhA | vikSipta citta hone ke kAraNa mujhe ThIka patA nahIM lagA ki usakA mukha kuMDala sahita thA yA nahIM ? (4) kSullakakhaMtassa daMtassa jiiMdiyassa, ajjhappajoge gayamANasassa | kiM majma eeNa viciMtieNa ? sakuMDalaM vA vayaNaM na va tti // -kSamAzIla, damayukta, jitendriya aura adhyAtma yoga meM dattacitta mere dvArA yaha socane se kyA lAbha ki usakA mukha kuMDala se bhUSita thA yA nahIM? sAtaveM uddeza meM maraNa ke bheda batAye gaye haiN| tosali deza (Adhunika dhauli, kaTaka jile meM) tosali nAma ke AcArya ko kisI marakhanI bhaiMsa ne mAra diyA thaa| usake bAda saMllekhanA kA vivecana kiyA hai| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM valgumatI aura gautama nAma ke naimittaka kI kathA AtI hai| sUtrakRtAMganiyukti sUtrakRtAMganiyukti meM 205 gAthAyeM haiN| rAjagRha nagara ke bAhara nAlandA ke samIpa manoratha nAma ke udyAna meM indrabhUti

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202 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gaNadhara ne udaka nAmaka nirgrantha ke prazna karane para nAlandIya adhyayana kA pratipAdana kiyA thaa| ye udaka nigraMtha pArzvanAtha ke ziSya (pAsAvaJcijja =pArthApatya) the aura inhoMne zrAvaka ke vratoM ke saMbaMdha meM prazna kiyA thaa| ArdrakakumAra Ardrakapura ke nivAsI the tathA mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa ke avasara para unakA gozAlaka, tridaMDI aura hastitApasoM ke sAtha vAda-vivAda huA | RSibhASitasUtra kA yahA~ ullekha hai | yahA~ para gautama (grovratika), caMDIdevaka (cakradharaprAyAH-TIkA ), vAribhadraka (jalapAna karanevAle ), agnihotravAdI tathA jala ko pavitra mAnanevAle sAdhuoM kA nAmollekha hai / kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdiyoM ke bheda-prabheda ginAye gaye haiN|' pArzvastha, avasanna aura kuzIla nAmaka nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke sAtha paricaya karane kA niSedha hai| sUryaprajJaptiniyukti bhadrabAhu ne sUryaprajJapti ke Upara niyukti kI racanA kI thI, lekina TIkAkAra malayagiri ke kathanAnusAra kalikAla ke doSa se yaha niyukti naSTa ho gaI hai, isaliye unhoMne kevala sUtroM kI hI vyAkhyA kI hai| bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra aura nizIthaniyukti bRhatkalpa aura vyavahArasUtra ke Upara bhI bhadrabAhu ne niyukti likhI thii| bRhatkalpaniyukti saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ke laghubhASya kI gAthAoM ke sAtha aura vyavahAra kI niyukti vyavahAra bhASya kI gAthAoM ke sAtha mizrita ho gaI hai| nizItha kI niyukti kA AcArAMgasUtra kA hI eka adhyayana hone se AcArAMganiyukti meM usakA samAveza ho jAtA hai| yaha bhI nizItha bhASya ke sAtha mila gaI hai| ... 1. dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aizieNTa iMDiyA, pRSTha 21-5 //

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uttarAdhyayananiyukti 203 dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti dazAzrutaskaMdha jitanA laghu hai utanI hI laghu usa para niyukti likhI gaI hai| AraMbha meM prAcInagotrIya aMtima zrutakevalI tathA dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra ke praNetA bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA hai| dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra kA yahA~ eka sAtha kathana hai| parivasaNa, pajjusaNa, pajjosamaNa, vAsAvAsa, paDhamasamosaraNa, ThavaNA Adi paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| ajja maMgU kA yahA~ ullekha hai| uttarAdhyayananiyukti uttarAdhyayana sUtra para bhadrabAhu ne 556 gAthAoM meM niyukti kI racanA kI hai| zAntyAcArya ne uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke sAthasAtha niyukti para bhI TIkA likhI hai| niyukti-gAthAoM kA artha likhakara usakA bhAvArtha vRddhasampradAya se avagata karane kA ullekha hai aura jahA~ kahIM TIkAkAra ko isa sampradAya kI paraMparA upalabdha nahIM huI vahA~ unhoMne niyukti kI gAthAoM kI TIkA nahIM likhI hai (udAharaNa ke liye dekhiye 355-56 gaathaayeN)| isa niyukti meM gaMdhAra zrAvaka, tosaliputra AcArya sthUlabhadra, skaMdakaputra, kRSi pArAzara, kAlaka, tathA karakaMDU Adi pratyekabuddha, tathA harikeza, mRgAputra Adi kI kathAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ATha nihnavoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai / bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSyoM dvArA rAjagRha meM vaibhAra parvata kI guphA meM zIta-samAdhi grahaNa kiye jAne, tathA muni suvarNabhadra ke maccharoM kA ghora upasarga (mazaka-paripIta-zoNita-macchara jinake zoNita ko cUsa gaye hoM) sahana kara kAlagata hone kA kathana hai| kaMboja ke ghor3oM kA yahA~ ullekha hai| kahIM-kahIM manoraMjaka uktiyoM ke rUpa meM mAgadhikAyeM bhI mila jAtI haiN| kisI nAyikA kA pati kahIM anyatra rAta bitAkara AyA hai aura dina car3ha jAne

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204 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa para bhI nahIM uThA | yaha dekhakara nAyikA eka mAgadhikA' par3hatI hai| airuggayae ya sUrie, ceiyathUbhagae ya vAyase / bhittI gayae va Ayave, sahi ! suhio hu jaNo na bujmai // -sUrya ko nikale hue kAphI samaya ho gayA, kauve caitya ke khaMbhoM para baiThakara kA~va-kA~va karane lage, sUrya kA prakAza divAloM taka car3ha AyA, lekina hai sakhi ! phira bhI yaha maujI puruSa sokara nahIM utthaa| eka sUkti dekhiye rAIsarisavamittANi parachiddANi pAsasi / appaNo billamittANi pAsaMto'vi na pAsasi // -rAI ke samAna tU dUsare ke doSoM ko to dekhatI hai, kintu baila ke samAna apane svayaM ke avaguNoM ko dekhakara bhI nahIM dekhtii| Avazyakaniyukti niyuktiyoM meM Avazyakaniyukti kA sthAna bahuta mahattva kA hai|' mANikyazekharasUri ne isa para dIpikA likhI hai| AvazyakasUtra meM pratipAdita chaha AvazyakoM kA vistRta vivecana bhadrabAhu ne Avazyakaniyukti meM kiyA hai / yahA~ bhadrabAhu dvArA 1. hemacandra ke chandonuzAsana aura usakI TIkA (pRSTha 25 a, paMkti 3, nirNayasAgara, bambaI 1912 ) meM mAgadhI kA lakSaNa nimna prakAra se diyA hai-oje cau yuji pacau ladaladAntau maagdhii| arthAt isa chaMda meM viSama paMktiyoM meM 4+4+ laghu+2+ laghu +2 aura sama paMktiyoM meM 6+4+ laghu+2+ laghu+2 mAtrAyeM hotI haiN| 2. mUlAcAra meM ( 6, 193) meM AvaslayaNijjutti kA ullekha hai|

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Avazyakaniyukti 205 Avazyaka Adi dasa niyuktiyA~ race jAne kA ullekha hai / ' aneka sUktiyA~ kahI gaI haiM :jahA kharo caMdaNabhAravAhI, bhArassa bhAgI na hu caMdaNassa | evaM khu nANI caraNeNa hINo, nANassa bhAgI nahu soggiie|| hayaM nANaM kiyAhINaM, hayA annANao kiyaa| pAsaMto paMgulo daDDho, dhAvamANo a aNdho| saMjogasiddhIi phalaM vayaMti, na hu egacakkeNa raho payAi / aMdho ya paMgU pa vaNe samiccA, te saMpattA nagaraM paviTThA // -jaise caMdana kA bhAraDhonevAlA gadhA bhAra kA hI bhAgI hotA hai, candana kA nahIM, usI prakAra cAritra se vihIna jJAnI kevala jJAna kA hI bhAgI hotA hai, sadgati kA nhiiN| kriyArahita jJAna aura ajJAnI kI kriyA naSTa huI samajhanI cAhiye / (jaMgala meM Aga laga jAne para) cupacApa khar3A dekhatA huA paMgu aura bhAgatA huA aMdhA donoM hI Aga meM jala marate haiM / donoM ke saMyoga se siddhi hotI hai| eka pahiye se ratha nahIM cala sktaa| aMdhA aura laMgar3A donoM ekatrita hokara nagara meM praviSTa hue| nimnalikhita gAthA meM sAmAyika-lAbha ke dRSTAMta upasthita karate hue dRSTAntoM ke kevala nAmamAtra ginAye haiM pallayagirisariuvalA pivIliyA purisapahajaraggahiyA / / kuddavajalavatthANi ya saamaaiylaabhdittuNtaa|| -palya, pahAr3I nadI ke patthara, pipIlikA, puruSa, patha, jvaragRhIta, kodrava, jala aura vastra ye sAmayika-lAbha ke dRSTAMta samajhane cAhiye (TIkAkAra ne ina dRSTAMtoM kA vistAra se pratipAdana kiyA hai)| 1. bhAvassagassa dasakAliassa taha uttarajjhamAyAre / sUagaDe nijjuttiM vocchAmi tahA dasANaM ca / kappassa ya nijjutti vavahArasseva paramaniuNassa // sUriapannattIe vucchaM isIbhAsiANaM ca //

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206 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa NamokAra maMtra ko sarva pApoM kA nAzaka kahA hai arihaMtanamakkAro savvapAvapaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savvesiM, paDhai havai maMgalaM // yogya-ayogya ziSya kA lakSaNa samajhAne ke liye gAya, candana kI bherI, ceTI, zrAvaka, badhira, goha aura TaMkaNa deza ke vAsI mleccha vaNikoM Adi ke dRSTAMta diye gaye haiN| tatpazcAt kulakaroM ke pUrvabhava Adi kA varNana hai| RSabhadeva kA carita vistAra se kahA gayA hai| 24 tIrthaMkaroM ne jina nagaroM meM upavAsa ke pazcAt pAraNA kiyA unakA ullekha hai| RSabhadeva ke bahalI, aMbaDa aura illA (?) Adi yavana dezoM meM vihAra karane kA ullekha hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke gotroM aura janmabhUmi Adi kA kaMthana hai| mahAvIra ke garbhaharaNa se lekara unake nirvANa taka kI mukhya ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai| unake upasoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| gaNadharavAda meM gyAraha gaNadharoM kI janmabhUmi, gotra, unakI pravrajyA aura kevalajJAna prApti kA ullekha hai| Aryavana (bairarisi) aura AryarakSita ke vRttAnta tathA nihnavoM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai| Aryavana padAnusArI the, aura unhoMne mahAparijJA adhyayana se AkAzagAminI vidyA kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| sAmAyika Adi kA spaSTIkaraNa karane ke liye damadaMta, . metArya, kAlaka, cilAtIputra, Atreya, dharmaruci, ilAputra aura tetaliputra ke udAharaNa diye haiM / autpAtika, vainayika, kArmika aura pAriNAmika ina cAra prakAra kI buddhiyoM ke aneka manoraMjaka udAharaNa diye haiN| rohaka kI pratyutpannamati kA kauzala dikhAne ke liye zilA, meMDhA, kukkuTa, tila, bAlU kI rassI, hAthI, kUpa, vanakhaMDa, pAyasa (khIra ) Adi ke udAharaNa diye haiM jinameM aneka buddhivardhaka paheliyA~ aura laukika kathA 1. mahAummaga jAtaka meM yahA~ kI aneka kathAyeM mahosadhapaMDita ke nAma se ullikhita haiN| ina kahAniyoM ke hindI anuvAda ke lie dekhie jagadIzacandra jaina, do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~ /

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Avazyakaniyukti 207 kahAniyoM kA samAveza hai| phira paMca parameSTiyoM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai| vandanA adhyayana meM saMgama sthavira, Aryavatra, annikAputra, udAyana RSi Adi muniyoM ke jIvana-vRttAnta haiN| brahmacarya se bhraSTa sAdhuoM ko pArzvastha kI saMjJA dI hai| mathurA meM subhikSA prApta hone para bhI AryamaMgu AhAra kA koI pratibaMdha nahIM rakhate the, isaliye unheM pArzvastha kahA gayA hai|' pratikramaNa adhyayana meM nAgadatta kA udAharaNa diyA hai| tatpazcAt AlocanA Adi yogasaMgraha ke udAharaNa diye haiM jinameM paramparAgata aneka kathAoM kA ullekha hai| ina kathAoM meM Arya mahAgiri, Arya suhatthI sthUlabhadra, dharmaghoSa, vAstaka, sAlivAhana, guggula bhagavAn, karakaMDU Adi pratyekabuddha aura Arya puSpabhUti Adi ke vRttAnta kahe gaye haiN| bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA sAmAyika, tathA vRSabha aura mahAvIra ke dvArA chedopasthApanA kA upadeza diye jAne kA ullekha hai| kAyotsarga adhyayana meM aMgabAhya ke aMtargata kAlikazruta ke 36 bheda tathA utkAlika zruta ke 28 bheda batAye haiN| yahA~ para nandIsUtra kA ullekha hai jisase patA 1. bhagavatIsUtra ke 15 veM zataka meM kahA hai ki eka bAra jaba 24 varSa kI dIkSAvAlA maMkhali gozAla AjIvaka mata kI upAsikA hAlAhalA kumhArI ke ghara zrAvastI meM ThaharA huA thA to usake pAsa zAna, kalaMda, karNikAra, achindra, agnivezyAyana aura gomAyuputra arjuna nAma ke chaha dizAcara Aye / yahA~ TIkAkAra abhayadeva ne dizAcara kA artha 'bhagavacchiSyAH pArzvasthIbhUtAH' arthAt patita hue mahAvIra ke ziSya kiyA hai| cUrNIkAra ne inheM 'pAsAvaJcijja' arthAt pArzvanAtha ke ziSya kahA hai / ye loga pUrvagata aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke jJAtA batAye gaye haiN| pArzvastha nigraMtha sAdhuoM kA ullekha anyatra bhI milatA hai| kyA pArzvastha nirgranthoM ko hI to pAsAvaccijja nahIM kahA ? AjIvaka matAnuyAyI gozAla kA bhI unase ghaniSTha saMbaMdha mAlUma hotA hai|

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208 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa lagatA hai ki saMbhavataH nandI ke bAda meM Avazyakaniyukti kI racanA huii| dazavakAlikaniyukti dazavaikAlika ke Upara bhadrabAhu ne 371 gAthAoM meM niyukti likhI hai| isameM aneka laukika aura dhArmika kathAnakoM tathA sUktiyoM dvArA sUtrArtha kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| hiMguziva, gaMdharvikA, subhadrA, mRgAvatI, naladAma aura govindavAcaka Adi kI aneka kathAyeM yahA~ varNita haiN| jaise kahA jA cukA hai, ina kathAoM kA prAyaH nAmollekha hI niyukti gAthAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, inheM vistAra se samajhane ke liye cUrNI athavA TIkA kI zaraNa lenA Avazyaka hai| govindavAcaka bauddha the; jJAnaprApti ke liye unhoMne pravrajyA grahaNa kI, Age cala kara ve mahAvAdI hue| kUNika ( ajAtazatru) gautamasvAmI se prazna karate haiM ki cakravartI mara kara kahA~ utpanna hote haiM ? uttara meM kahA gayAsAtaveM naraka meN| kUNika ne phira pUchA-maiM mara kara kahA~ jAU~gA ? gautama svAmI ne uttara diyA-chaThe naraka meM | praznottara ke rUpa meM kahIM tArkikazailI meM tattvacarcA kI jhalaka bhI dikhAI de jAtI hai / ziSya ne zaMkA kI ki gRhastha loga kyoM na sAdhuoM . ke liye bhojana banA kara rakha deN| gurU ne isakA niSedha kiyA vAsai na taNassa kae na taNaM vaDDhai kae mayakulANaM / na ya rukkhA sayasAlA ( ? khA) phullanti kae mhuyraannN|| -tRNoM ke liye pAnI nahIM barasatA, mRgoM ke liye tRNa nahIM bar3e hote, aura isI prakAra sau zAkhAoM vAle vRkSa bhauroM ke liye puSpita nahIM hote / (isI taraha gRhasthoM ko sAdhuoM ke liye AhAra Adi nahIM banAnA caahiye)| ... 1. prophesara lAyamana ne isakA sampAdana kara ise z2eDa0 DI0 ema0 jI0 (jilda 46, pRSTha 581-663 ) meM prakAzita kiyA hai|

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saMsattanijjutti ziSya kI zaMkA aggimmi havIhUyai Aicco teNa pINio sNto| varisai payAhiyAe teNosahio parohiMti // -(uparyukta kathana ThIka nahIM)! agni meM ghI kA havana kiyA jAtA hai, usase prasanna hokara Aditya prajA ke hita ke liye barasatA hai aura usase phira oSadhiyA~ paidA hotI haiN| guru kiM dunbhikkhaM jAyai ? jai evaM ahabhave duriTuMtu | kiM jAyai savvatthA dubhikkhaM aha bhave iMdo ? vAsai to kiM vigdhaM nigghAyAIhiM jAyae tassa | aha vAsai uusamaye na vAsai to taNaTThAe // yadi sadA ghI ke havana karane se hI varSA hotI hai to phira durbhikSa kyoM par3atA hai ? yadi kahA jAye ki khoTe nakSatroM ke kAraNa aisA hotA hai to bhI sadA durbhikSa nahIM par3anA cAhiye / yadi kaho ki indra varSA karatA hai to bijalI ke girane Adi se use koI vighna nahIM honA cAhiye / yadi kahA jAya ki yathAkAla Rtu meM jala kI vRSTi hotI hai to phira yahI mAnanA hogA ki tRNa Adi ke liye pAnI nahIM barasatA / AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvegaNI aura nivedanI nAma kI cAra kathAoM kA yahA~ ullekha milatA hai| saMsattanijjutti ( saMsaktaniyukti) yaha niyukti kisI Agama grantha para na likhI jAkara svataMtra hai| caurAsI AgamoM meM isakI gaNanA kI gaI hai| isameM 64 gAthAyeM haiN| caturdaza pUrvadhArI bhadrabAhu ne isakI racanA kI hai| govindaNijjutti ( govindaniyukti) yaha bhI eka svataMtra niyukti hai| ise darzanaprabhAvaka zAstra kahA gayA hai| ekendriya jIvoM kI siddhi karane ke liye govinda 14 prA0 sA0

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210 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ne isakI racanA kI thii| yaha eka nyAyazAstra kI kRti thii|' Ajakala yaha bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / ArAdhanANijjutti ( ArAdhanAniyukti) vaTTakera ne apane mUlAcAra meM maraNavibhakti Adi sUtroM ke sAtha ArAdhanAniyukti kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa niyukti ke saMbaMdha meM aura kucha jJAta nahIM hai| 1. bRhatkalpabhASya 5, 5473, 1452, nizIthacUrNI (sAiklo isTAila prati pRSTha 699-739) AvazyakacUrNI (pRSTha 31) meM 'tami maNitaM' kahakara govindaNijjutti kA uddharaNa diyA hai-jassa ahisaMdhAraNapugvigA karaNasatthI asthi so sannI lanbhati, ahisaMdhAraNapugviyA NAma maNasApujvAparaM saMcitiUNa jA pavittI nivattI vA sA ahisaMdhAraNapugvigA karaNasattI bhaNNati, sA ya jesiM asthi te jIvA jaM saI soUNa cujjhati taM heugovaeseNa sapiNasuyaM bhaNNati /

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bhASya-sAhitya nizIthabhASya nizItha, kalpa aura vyavahArabhASya ke praNetA haribhadrasUri ke samakAlIna saMghadAsagaNi mAne jAte haiM jo vasudevahiNDI ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNivAcaka se bhinna haiM / nizIthabhASya kI aneka gAthAyeM bRhatkalpabhASya aura vyavahArabhASya se milatI haiM jo svAbhAvika hI hai| pIThikA meM sasa, elAsAr3ha, mUladeva aura khaMDA nAma ke cAra dhUtoM kI manoraMjaka kathA dI gaI hai jise haribhadrasUri ne apane kathA-sAhitya meM sthAna dekara dhUrtAkhyAna jaise sarasa graMtha kI racanA kI | bhASya meM yaha kathA atyaMta saMkSepa meM hai sasa-elAsAr3ha-mUladeva-khaMDA ya juNNaujjANe / sAmatthaNe ko bhattaM, akkhAtaM je Na saddahati / / corabhayA gAvIo, poTTalae baMdhiUNa ANemi | tilaairUr3hakuhAr3e, vaNagaya malaNA ya tellodA // vaNagayapATaNakuMDiya, chammAsA hathilaggaNaM pucche / rAyarayaga mo vAde, jahiM pecchai te ime vatthA / sasa, elAsAr3ha, mUladeva aura khaMDA eka jINe udyAna meM Thahare hue the| prazna uThA ki kauna saba ko bhojana khilAye ? taya pAyA ki saba apane-apane anubhava sunAyeM, aura jo ina anubhavoM para vizvAsa na kare vahI bhojana kA prabandha kre| sabase pahale elAsAr3ha kI bArI aaii| elAsAr3ha ne kahA--"eka bAra maiM apanI gAya lekara kisI jaMgala meM gyaa| itane meM vahA~ coroM kA AkramaNa ho gyaa| gAyoM ko eka kaMbala meM chipA apanI poTalI bA~dhakara maiM gA~va ko lauTa aayaa| thor3I dera meM cora gA~va meM A ghuse | yaha dekhakara gA~va ke loga eka phUTa (vAluMka ) meM ghusa gaye | isa phUTa ko eka bakarI khA gaI /

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212 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bakarI ko eka ajagara nigala gayA aura usa ajagara ko eka pakSI khA gayA | pakSI ur3akara vaTavRkSa ke Upara jA baitthaa| usa pakSI kA eka pA~va nIce kI ora laTaka rahA thA | usa vRkSa ke nIce rAjA kI senA ne par3Ava DAla rakkhA thaa| senA kA eka hAthI pakSI ke pA~va meM aTaka gyaa| pA~va meM kucha aTaka jAne se vaha pakSI vahA~ se ur3ane lagA aura usake sAtha-sAtha hAthI bhI ur3ane lgaa| yaha dekhakara kisI zabdavedhI ne apane tIra se pakSI ko mAra giraayaa| rAjA ne usakA peTa ciravAyA to usameM se bakarI nikalI, bakarI meM se phUTa nikalI, aura phUTa meM se sArA gA~va kA gA~va nikala pdd'aa| apanI gAyeM lekara maiM vahA~ se calA AyA / " sasa ne dUsarA AkhyAna sunAyA-"maiM kisI kheta meM gyaa| vahA~ eka bahuta bar3A tila kA jhAr3a khar3A thA | maiM jaba tila ke jhAr3a ke pAsa ghUma rahA thA to mujhe eka jaMgalI hAthI dikhAI diyA | vaha mere pIche laga gayA | hAthI se pIchA chur3Ane ke liye maiM usa tila ke jhAr3a para car3ha gyaa| hAthI bhAr3a ke cAroM ora cakkara kATane lagA jisase tela kI eka nadI baha niklii| vaha hAthI isa nadI meM gira kara mara gyaa| maiMne usakI khAla se eka mazaka banAI aura use tela se bhara liyaa| isa mazaka ko eka vRkSa para TA~ga kara maiM apane ghara calA AyA | apane lar3ake ko maiMne yaha mazaka lAne ko kahA | jaba vaha use dikhAI na par3I to vaha samUce vRkSa ko ukhAr3a lAyA | apane ghara se ghUmatA-ghAmatA maiM yahA~ AyA huuN|" mUladeva ne aphnA anubhava sunAyA-"eka bAra apanI javAnI meM gaMgA ko sira para dhAraNa karane kI icchA se chatra aura kamaMDala hAtha meM le maiM apane svAmI ke ghara gayA / itane meM maiMne dekhA ki eka jaMgalI hAthI mere pIche laga gayA hai| maiM Dara ke mAre eka kamaMDala meM chipa gyaa| hAthI bhI mere pIche-pIche kamaMDala meM ghusa aayaa| chaha mahIne taka vaha mere pIche bhAgatA phirA /

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nizIthabhASya 213 kamaMDala kI ToMTI meM se maiM to bAhara nikala AyA, lekina hAthI kI pU~cha ToMTI meM aTakI raha gii| rAste meM gaMgA nadI par3I jise pAra karake maiM apane svAmI ke ghara pahu~cA | vahA~ se Apa logoM ke pAsa AyA hU~ / " __khaMDapANA ne apanI kahAnI sunAI-"maiM eka dhobI kI lar3akI thii| eka bAra maiM apane pitA jI ke sAtha kapar3oM kI eka bar3I gAr3I bhara kara nadI ke kinAre kapar3e dhone gaI / jaba kapar3e dhUpa meM sUkha rahe the to jora kI havA calI aura saba kapar3e ur3a gye| yaha dekhakara rAjA ke bhaya se goha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara maiM rAtri ke samaya nagara ke bagIce meM gaI / vahA~ maiM Ama kI latA bana gii| tatpazcAt paTaha kA zabda sunakara maiMne phira se nayA zarIra dhAraNa kiyaa| udhara kapar3oM kI gAr3I kI rassiyA~ ( NADagavarattA) gIdar3a aura bakare khA gaye the / DhU~Dhate-DhU~r3hate mere pitA jI ko bhaiMse kI pU~cha milI jisa para ve rassiyA~ lipaTI huI thiiN| mere kapar3e havA meM ur3a gaye the aura mere naukaracAkaroM kA bhI patA nahIM thaa| unakA patA lagAne ke liye maiM rAjA ke pAsa gii| vahA~ se ghUmatI-ghAmatI yahA~ AI huuN| tuma loga mere naukara ho aura jo kapar3e tumane pahana rakkhe haiM ve mere haiN|" ___ aura bhI aneka sarasa laukika kathA-kahAniyA~ nizIthabhASya meM jahA~-tahA~ bikharI par3I haiN| sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra saMbaMdhI aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA pratipAdana yahA~ upalabdha hotA hai| udAharaNa ke liye, prAyazcittadvAra kA varNana karate hue sAdhu ke vAste uDDAha (pravacana kI ha~sI) se bacane ke liye, saMyama ke hetu, bodhika' coroM se 1. ye mAlavA kI parvatazreNiyoM meM rahate aura ujjainI ke logoM ko bhagAkara le jAte the| (vizeSanizIthacUrNI 16, pRSTha 1110 * sAiklosTAila prati ) / mahAbhArata (6, 9, 39) meM bhI bodhoM kA ullekha hai|

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214 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa apanI rakSA ke liye, pratikUla kSetra meM tathA nava pravrajita sAdhu ke nimitta mRSA bolane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai | adattAdAna ke saMbaMdha meM bhI yahI bAta hai| aise prasaMga upasthita hone para jai savvaso abhAvo, rAgAdINaM haveja Nihoso | jataNAjutesu tesu, appataraM hoi pacchittaM / / -yadi sarvaprakAra se rAga Adi kA abhAva hai to sAdhu nirdoSa hI rahatA hai| yatanApUrvaka koI kArya karane para bahuta alpa prAyazcitta kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| ___ukta kathana kA samarthana karane ke liye eka kathA dI huI hai| kisI rAjA ke putra na hone ke kAraNa use bar3I ciMtA rahatI thii| maMtrI ne salAha dI ki sAdhuoM ko dharmakathA ke chala se antaHpura meM nimaMtrita kara unase saMtAnotpatti karAI jaaye| pUrva yojanA ke anusAra kisI sAdhu ko antaHpura meM bulAyA gyaa| lekina usane kahA ki maiM jalatI huI agni meM gira kara prANa de dUMgA, lekina apane cirasaMcita vrata kA bhaMga na hone dUMgA | yaha sunakara kopAviSTa ho rAjapuruSoM ne usakA sira dhar3a se alaga kara diyaa| tatpazcAt dUsare sAdhuoM ko bulAyA gayA / unheM vaha kaTA huA sira dikhAkara kahA gayA ki yadi tuma bhI hamArI AjJA kA ullaMghana karoge to yahI dazA hogii| aisI hAlata meM koI sAdhu prasanna hokara vicAra karatA hai ki calo isa bahAne se strI-sevana kA sukha to milegA, dUsarA bhayabhIta hokara socatA hai ki aisA na karane se merI bhI yahI gati hogI, tIsarA socatA hai ki isa taraha marane se kyA lAbha ? jIvita rahane para to prAyazcitta Adi dvArA zuddhi kI jA sakatI hai, phira maiM dIrghakAla taka saMyama kA pAlana kruuNgaa| 1. dekhiye AcArAMga (2, 2, 1, 294, pRSTha 332 ityAdi); vinayapiTaka (3, pRSTha 134.) meM sAdhuoM se putrotpatti karAne kA ullekha hai|

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nizIthabhASya 215 rAtribhojana ke doSoM ko ginAte hue kahA hai ki rAtri meM bhojana karane se machalI, bicchU, cIMTI, puSpa, bIja, viSa aura kaMTaka Adi bhojana meM mizrita ho sakate haiN| isake atirikta kutte, gIdar3a aura makor3e Adi se kATe jAne tathA kA~Te Adi se bAMdhe jAne kA bhaya rahatA hai| uttarApatha Adi meM rAtribhojana pracalita hone se sAdhuoM ko vahA~ rAtri meM bhojana karane ke liye bAdhya honA par3atA thA / bahuta se loga divAbhojana ko aprazasta aura rAtri bhojana ko prazasta samajhate the AuM balaM ca vaDDhati, pINeti ya iMdiyAi NisibhattaM / Neva ya jijati deho, guNadosavivajao ceva // -rAtri-bhojana se Ayu aura bala kI vRddhi hotI hai, indriyA~ puSTa hotI haiM aura zarIra jaldI hI jIrNa nahIM hotaa| divAbhojana ke saMbaMdha meM isase ulaTA samajhanA cAhiye / ___ sAdhuoM ko sAdhviyoM kA saMparka na karane ke saMbaMdha meM chedasUtroM meM atyanta kaThora niyamoM kA vidhAna hai, phira bhI, kabhI unameM premapUrNa patra-vyavahAra cala jAtA thA kAle sihi-NaMdikare, mehaniruddhammi aNbrtlmmi| mita-madhura-maMjubhAsiNi, te dhannA je piyAsahitA / / -yaha samaya mayUroM ko AnandadAyI hai, megha AkAza meM chAye hue haiN| he mita, madhura aura maMjubhASiNI ! jo apanI priyA ke samIpa haiM ve dhanya haiN| pratyuttarakomuti NisA ya pavarA, vAriyavAmA yaduddharo mayaNo / rehati ya sarayaguNA, tIse ya samAgamoM Nasthi / / 1. mArga meM coroM ke, gaDDhe meM gira par3ane ke aura vyabhicAriNI striyoM ke bhaya se buddha ne bhI rAtribhojana ke tyAga kA vidhAna kiyA hai| dekhiye majjhimanikAya, lakuTikopama tathA kITAgiri suttanta /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -rAtri meM sundara cAMdanI chiTakI huI hai, vAmA (strI ) kA mArga niruddha hai, madana (kAmadeva ) durdharSa hai, zarad Rtu zobhita ho rahI hai, phira bhI samAgama hone kA koI upAya nahIM / paraspara-anurakta strI aura puruSa kI AkRtiyoM kA varNana bhASyakAra ne kiyA hai kANacchi romahariso, vevahu seo vi ditttthmuhraao| NIsAsajutA ya kadhA, viyaMbhiyaM purisaAyArA // -kAnI A~kha se dekhanA, romAMcita ho jAnA, zarIra meM kaMpa honA, pasInA chUTane laganA, mu~ha para lAlI dikhAI dene laganA, bAra-bAra nizvAsa aura jaMbhAI lenA-ye strI meM anurakta puruSa ke lakSaNa haiN| strI kI dazA dekhiye sakaDakkhapehaNaM bAla-suMvaNaM kaNNa-NAsa-kaMDuyaNaM / chaNNaMgadasaNaM ghaTTaNANi uvagRhaNaM bAle / NIyallayaduccaritANukittaNaM tassuhINa ya pasaMsA / pAyaMguDeNa mahI-vilehaNaM NiThubhaNapuvvaM // -sakaTAkSa nayanoM se dekhanA, bAloM ko sa~vAranA, kAna aura nAka ko khujalAnA, guhya aMga ko dikhAnA, gharSaNa aura AliMgana, tathA apane priya ke samakSa apane duzcaritoM kA bakhAna karanA, ' usake hIna guNoM kI prazaMsA karanA, paira ke aMgUThe se jamIna khodanA aura khakhAranA-ye puruSa ke prati Asakta strI ke lakSaNa samajhane caahiye| nizIthabhASya meM AcAra-vicAra aura rIti-rivAjasaMbaMdhI bahuta se viSayoM kA ullekha hai| udAharaNa ke liye, puliMda Adi anArya jaMgala meM jAte hue sAdhu ko Arya samajha kara mAra DAlate the| vividha prakAra kA mAla-asabAba lekara sArthavAha apane sArtha ke sAtha banija-vyApAra ke liye dUra-dUra dezoM meM bhramaNa karate the / saMkhaDI (bhoja) dhUmadhAma se manAI jAtI thii| kavaDaga (kaur3I), kAgaNI, dInAra aura kevaDiya Adi

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vyavahArabhAjya sike pracalita the| tosalI meM tAlodaka (tAlAba) aura rAjagRha meM tApodaka kuMDa prasiddha the| tosalI kI vyAgharaNazAlA (eka prakAra kA svayaMvara-maMDapa) meM hamezA eka agnikuMDa prajvalita rahatA thA jahA~ bahuta se ceTaka aura eka ceTakI svayaMvara ke liye praviSTa hote the| yahA~ kappa (bRhatkalpa ), nandisUtra tathA siddhasena aura govindavAcaka kA ullekha hai| goviMdavAcaka 18 bAra bAda meM hAra gaye, bAda meM ekendriya jIva kI siddhi ke liye unhoMne govindaniyukti kI racanA kI | AcArAMga Adi ko jJAna aura goviMdaniyukti ko darzana ke udAharaNa rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| vyavahArabhASya nizItha aura bRhatkalpabhASya kI bhA~ti vyavahArabhASya bhI parimANa meM kAphI bar3A hai / malayagiri ne isa para vivaraNa likhA hai / vyavahAraniyukti aura vyavahArabhASya kI gAthAyeM paraspara mizrita ho gaI haiN| isa bhASya meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAravicAra, tapa, prAyazcitta, aura prasaMgavaza deza-deza ke rItirivAja Adi kA varNana hai| ___ zuddha bhAva se AlocanA karanA sAdhu ke liye mukhya batAyA hai jaha bAlo japeMto kajamakajaM ca ujjayaM bhaNai / taM taha AloijjA mAyAmayavippamukko u / -jaise koI bAlaka acche yA bure kArya ko sarala bhAva se prakaTa kara detA hai, usI prakAra mAyA aura mada se rahita kAryaakArya kI AlocanA AcArya ke samakSa kara denI caahiye| 1. isitAla nAma ke tAlAba kA bhI yahA~ ullekha hai (bRhatkalpabhASya 3, 4223) / khAravela ke hAthIguMphA zilAlekha meM isakA nAma AtA hai|

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218 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gaNa ke liye AcArya kI AvazyakatA batAI hai| jaise nRtya binA naTa nahIM hotA, nAyaka binA strI nahIM hotI, gAr3I ke dhure ke binA cakra nahIM calatA, vaise hI gaNI arthAt AcArya ke binA gaNa nahIM cltaa| auSadhi Adi dvArA apane gaNa kI rakSA karanA AcArya ke liye paramAvazyaka hai| jaise bala, vAhana aura ratha se hIna nirbuddhi rAjA apane rAjya kI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA, vaise hI sUtra aura auSadhi se vihIna AcArya apane gaccha kI rakSA karane meM samartha nahIM hotA | pada-pada para sAdhuoM ko striyoM se sAvadhAna rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| manu kA anukaraNa karate hue bhASyakAra bhI striyoM ko svAtaMtrya dene ke pakSa meM nahIM haiM jAyA pitivvasA nArI, dattA nArI ptivvsaa| vihavA puttavasA nArI, nasthi nArI sayaMvasA // -bAlyAvasthA meM nArI pitA ke, vivAhita hone para pati ke aura vidhavA hone para vaha apane putra ke vaza meM rahatI hai, vaha kabhI bhI svAdhIna nahIM rhtii| __ina saba upadezoM ke bAvajUda aneka prasaMga aise hote the jaba ki sAdhu apane saMyama se cyuta ho jAte, lekina prAyazcitta dvArA unheM zuddha kara liyA jAtA thA | bImArI Adi phaila jAne para dezAntara jAne meM unheM bahuta-sI kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA | mArga meM unheM cora, jaMgalI jAnavara, sarpa, gaulmika, ArakSaka, pratyanIka (vidveSa karanevAle), kardama aura kaMTaka Adi kA bhaya rahatA / rAjasabhA meM vAda-vivAda meM parAjita hone para apamAnita honA par3atA | aise samaya ve anya sAdhuoM dvArA pITe jAte, bA~dha liye jAte aura unakA bhojana-pAna taka banda kara diyA jaataa| bahuta se dezoM meM unheM pAtra milane meM kaThinAI hotii| aisI hAlata meM unheM nandI, patagraha, vipagraha, kamar3haka, vimAtraka aura prazravaNamAtraka pAtroM ko rakhanA pdd'taa| varSAkAla meM nimnalikhita sthAna sAdhuoM ke liye utkRSTa batAye

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vyavahArabhASya gaye haiM-jahA~ adhika kIcar3a na ho, dvIndriyAdi jIvoM kI bahulatA na ho, prAsuka bhUmi ho, rahane yogya do-tIna basatiyA~ hoM, gorasa kI pracuratA ho, bahuta loga rahate ho, koI vaidya ho, auSadhiyA~ milatI hoM, dhAnya kI pracuratA ho, rAjA samyak prakAra se prajA ko pAlatA ho, pAkhaMDI sAdhu kama rahate hoM, bhikSA sulabha ho, aura svAdhyAya meM koI vighna na hotA ho / jahA~ kutte adhika hoM vahA~ sAdhu ko bihAra karane kA niSedha hai| ___ mathurA kA jainoM meM bar3A mAhAtmya thA / yahA~ stUpamaha utsava manAyA jAtA thA / jaina-mAnyatA ke anusAra mathurA meM devatAoM dvArA ratnamaya stUpa kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA, jise lekara jaina aura bauddhoM meM bahuta vivAda calA | bharuyakaccha (bhaDauMca) aura guNasila caitya (rAjagira se tIna mIla kI dUrI para Adhunika guNAvA) kA bhI bar3A mahattva batAyA gayA hai| deza-deza ke logoM ke saMbaMdha meM carcA karate hue kahA hai ki magadha ke nivAsI kisI bAta ko izAremAtra se samajha lete, jaba ki kauzala ke loga use dekhakara, aura pAMcAla ke nivAsI AdhI bAta kahane para samajhate the, aura dakSiNApatha ke vAsI to use taba taka na samajha pAte jaba taka ki vaha bAta sApha-sApha kaha na dI jaaye| anyatra AMdhra dezavAsiyoM ko krUra, mahArASTriyoM ko vAcAla tathA kozala ke vAsiyoM ko pApI kahA gayA hai| tIna prakAra ke hIna loga ginAye gaye haiM-jAtijaMgita, karmajuMgita aura zilpajuMgita | jAtijuMgitoM meM pANa, DoMba, kiNika aura zvapaca, karmajaMgitoM meM poSaka, saMvara (TIkAkAra ne isakA zodhaka artha kiyA hai), naTa, laMkha, vyAdha, machue, rajaka aura vAgurika, tathA zilpajuMgitoM meM paTTakAra aura nApitoM kA ullekha hai / AryarakSita, AryakAlaka, rAjA sAtavAhana, pradyota, muruNDa, cANakya, cilAtaputra, avantisukumAla aura 1. mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM isa stUpa ke sambandha meM bahuta sI bAtoM kA patA lagatA hai|

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220 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa rohiNeya cora Adi kI kathAyeM varNita haiN| Aryasamudra aura AryamaMgu kA ullekha hai| kuziSya ko mahAkalpazruta par3hAne kA niSedha hai| viplava, mahAmArI, durbhikSa, cora, dhana-dhAnya aura koSa kI hAni tathA balavAna pratyaMta rAjA kA upadrava-ye bAteM rAjya ke liye hAnikAraka kahI gaI haiN| rAjA, yuvarAja, mahattara, amAtya, kumAra aura rUpayakSa ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| tapa, sattva, sUtra, ekatva aura bala ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai| bRhatkalpabhASya - saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa isa bhAgya ke racayitA haiM / bRhatkalpa kI bhASyapIThikA meM 805 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM jJAnapaMcaka, samyaktva, sUtrapariSad, sthaMDilabhUmi, pAtralepa, gocayoM, vasati kI rakSA, vastragrahaNa, avagraha, vihAra Adi kA varNana hai| striyoM ke liye bhUyAvAda (dRSTivAda ) par3hane kA niSedha hai| zrAvakabhAryA, sAptapadika, koMkaNadAraka, nakula, kamalAmelA, zaMba kA sAhasa aura zreNika ke krodha kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| apane ziSyoM ke bodha ke liye AryakAlaka ke ujjainI se suvarNabhUmi ( baramA) ke liye prasthAna karane kA ullekha hai| abhinava nagara basAne ke liye bhUmi Adi kI parIkSA karake, bhUmi khodakara, IToM kI nIMva rakhakara, ITeM cinakara, aura pIThaka banAkara prAsAda kA nirmANa / karanA cAhiye / ziSyoM ko upadeza dene ke liye brAhmaNoM kI kathA dI hai anno dujhihi kallaM, niratthayaM kiM bahAmi se cAriM / caucaraNagavI ya mayA, avaNNahANI ya mruyaannN|| mANe hunja avanno, govajmA mA puNo ya na dalijjA / vayamavi dobhAmo puNa, aguggaho annadUDhe vi // 1. jo bhaMbhIya, Asurukkha, mAThara ke nItizAstra aura kauNDinya kI daMDanIti meM kuzala ho aura satya kA pakSa letA ho use rUpayakSa kahA . hai| milindapaNha (pR0 344) meM rUpadakkha nAma milatA hai|

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bRhatkalpabhASya 221 sIsA paDicchagANaM, bharo tti te viya hu sIsagabharo tti| na kariti suttahANI, annattha vi dullahaM tesiN|| -kisI vyakti ne caturvedI brAhmaNoM ko eka gAya dAna meM dii| brAhmaNa gAya ko bArI-bArI se duhate / jisakI bArI hotI vaha socatA kala to mujhe duhanA nahIM, isaliye ise ghAsa-cArA hI denA vyartha hai| kucha samaya bAda gAya mara gaI jisase brAhmaNoM ko apayaza kA bhAgI bananA pdd'aa| kucha samaya bAda phira se una logoM ko eka gAya dAna meM milI / unhoMne socA ki yadi abakI bAra bhI hama gAya ko ghAsa-cArA na deMge to vaha mara jaayegii| loga phira hamArI nindA kareMge, gohatyA kA hameM pApa lagegA, aura bhaviSya meM hama dAna se vaMcita raha jaayeNge| yaha socakara ne gAya ko ghAsa-cArA dene lge| ___ isa udAharaNa se ziyoM ko apane AcAryoM kI sevAzuzrUSA meM rata rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ___ kaumudikI, saMgrAmikI, dubhUtikA aura azivopazaminI nAma kI cAra bheriyoM, tathA jAnatI, ajAnatI aura durvidagdhA nAma kI tIna pariSadoM kA ullekha hai| laukika pariSad ke pA~ca bheda haiM-pUrayantI, chatravatI, buddhi, maMtrI, aura raahsyikii| sAdhuoM kI vasati banAne ke liye valliyoM ke Upara bA~sa bichAkara, unheM cAroM ora se caTAiyoM se Dhakakara, unheM sutaliyoM se bA~dha kara Upara se ghAsa bichA denA cAhiye, phira use gobara se lIpa denA caahiye| / dUsare bhAga meM prathama uddezya ke 1-6 sUtroM para 806-2124 gAthAyeM haiN| inameM pralambasUtra kI vistRta vyAkhyA, adhvadvAra, glAnadvAra, grAma, nagara, kheDa, kITaka, maDaMba, pattana Adi kI vyAkhyA, jinakalpI kA svarUpa, samavasaraNadvAra, prazasta-aprazasta bhAvanAyeM, gamanadvAra, sthavirakalpI kI sthiti, pratilekhanAdvAra, bhikSAdvAra, caityadvAra, rathayAtrA kI yAtanAyeM, vaidya ke samIpa gamana karane kI vidhi, nigraMthaniyoM kA vihAra aura vasatidvAra Adi

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222 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kA vivecana hai | uttAnamallakAkAra, avAGmukhamallakAkAra, sampuTamallakAkAra, uttAnakhaMDamallaka, avAGmukhakhaMDamallaka, saMpuTakhaMDamallaka, bhitti, paDAlikA, valabhI, akSapATa, rucaka aura kAzyapa nAmaka grAmoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| pASANa, IMTa, miTTI, kASTha (khoDa), bA~sa aura kA~ToM ke bane hue prAkAroM kA ullekha hai| sAdhu ko vibhinna dezoM kI bhASAoM kA jJAtA honA caahiye| janapada kI parIkSA karate hue sAdhu ko isa bAta kA jJAna hotA hai ki kisa deza meM kisa prakAra se dhAnya paidA hotA hai| udAharaNa ke liye, lATa deza meM varSA se, sindha meM nadI ke jala se, draviDa meM tAlAba ke jala se, uttarApatha meM ku~e ke jala se tathA bannAsA aura DiMbharelaka meM nadI ke pUra se dhAnya kI paidAvAra hotI hai, kAnanadvIpa meM nAva ke dvArA dhAna ropA jAtA hai / kahIM subhASita bhI dikhAI de jAte haiM kattha va na jalai aggI, kattha va caMdo na pAyaDo hoi / kattha varalakkhaNadharA, na pAyaDA hoti sappurisA / / udae na jalai aggI, abbhacchinno na dIsai cNdo| mukkhesu mahAbhAgA, vijApuriso na mAyati / / -agni kahA~ prakAzamAna nahIM hotI ? candramA kahA~ prakAza . 'nahIM karatA ? zubha lakSaNa ke dhAraka satpuruSa kahA~ prakaTa nahIM hote ? agni jala meM bujha jAtI hai, candramA meghAcchAdita AkAza meM dikhAI nahIM detA aura vidyAsaMpanna puruSa mUkhoM kI sabhA meM zobhA ko prApta nahIM hote| sAdhuoM ko kaba vihAra karanA cAhiyeucchU boliMti vaI, tuMbIo jAyaputtabhaMDAo / vasahA jAyatthAmA, gAmA pavvAyacikkhallA // appodagA yA maggA, vasuhA vi ya pakkamaTTiyA jAyA / annokaMtA paMthA, viharaNakAlo suvihiyANaM // -jaba Ikha bAr3oM ke bAhara nikalane lageM, tuMbiyoM meM choTechoTe tuMbaka laga jAyeM, baila tAkatavara dikhAI dene lageM, gA~voM kI

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bRhatkalpabhASya 223 kIcar3a sUkhane lage, rAstoM kA pAnI kama ho jAye, jamIna kI miTTI kar3I ho jAye aura jaba pathika paradeza jAne lageM to sAdhuoM ke vihAra kA samaya samajhanA cAhiye / cAra prakAra ke caitya ginAye gaye haiM-sAdharmika, maMgala, zAzvata aura bhakti / mathurA meM naye gharoM kA nirmANa karane para unake uttaraMgoM meM arhat bhagavAna kI pratimA sthApita kI jAtI thii| rugNa sAdhu kI vaidya dvArA cikitsA karAne kA vistAra se ullekha hai| yahA~ para TIkAkAra ne dakSiNApatha ke kAkiNI, millamAla ke dramma aura pUrva deza ke dInAra athavA ketara (kevaDika) nAma ke sikkoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| nirgranthiniyoM ke vihAra kA vistRta varNana hai| ___ tIsare bhAga meM bRhatkalpa sUtra ke prathama uddeza ke 10-50 sUtra haiM jina para 2125-3286 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai / inameM vagaDA, ApaNagRhAdi, apAvRtadvAra upAzraya, ghaTImAtraka, cilimilikA, dakatIra, citrakarma, sAgArikanizrA, sAgArikopAzraya, pratibaddhazayyA,gRhapatikulamadhyavAsa, vyavazamana, cAra, vairAjya-viruddharAjya, avagraha, rAtribhakta, rAtrivastrAdigrahaNa, hariyAhaDiyA, adhvagamana, saMkhar3I, vicArabhUmi-vihArabhUmi aura AryakSetra kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| kAma kI dasa avasthAoM kA varNana hai| koI sAdhvI kisI sAdhu ko durbala dekha kara usase durbalatA kA kAraNa pUchatI hai| sAdhu uttara detA hai saMdasaNeNa pII, pIIu raIu viisNbho| vIsaMbhAo paNao, paMcavihaM vaDDhae pimmaM // jaha jaha karesi neha, taha taha neho me vaDDhaMi tumammi | teNa naDio mi baliyaM, jaM pucchasi dubbalataro tti // -darzana se prIti utpanna hotI hai, prIti se rati, rati se vizvAsa aura vizvAsa se praNaya utpanna hotA hai, isa taraha prema pA~ca prakAra se bar3hatA hai| jaise jaise maiM sneha karatA hU~ vaise vaise

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224 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tumhAre prati merI prIti bar3hatI hai| kintu isa sneha se maiM vaMcita rahatA hU~-yahI mere durbala hone kA kAraNa hai| nirgrathoM ko striyoM ke saMparka se dUra hI rahane kA upadeza haiAsaMkito va vAso, dukkhaM taruNA ya snniytte| dhaMtaM pi dubbalAso, khunmai balavANa majjhammi // -nivAsa sthAna meM striyoM kI AzaMkA sadA banI rahatI hai| jaise atyanta durbala avasthA ko prApta ghor3A bhI ghor3iyoM ke bIca meM rahatA huA kSobha ko prApta hotA hai, vahI dazA striyoM ke bIca meM rahate hue taponiSTha taruNa sAdhu kI hotI hai| bhikSA ke liye jAtI huI AryikAyoM kI majAka ur3Ate hue koI kahatA hai vaMdAmu khaMti ! paDapaMDurasuddhadaMti ! racchAe jaMti ! taruNANa maNaM haraMti // -kSamAzIla isa AryikA ko hama praNAma karate haiN| usake dA~toM kI paMkti atyanta zubhra hai, aura mArga para jAtI huI vaha taruNa janoM ke mana ko haratI hai| isa sambandha meM do mitroM kA vArtAlApa suniyepANasamA tujha mayA, imA yA sarisI sarivvayA tiise| saMkhe khIraniseo, jujai tatteNa tattaM ca // so tattha tIe annAhi vA vi nibbhatthio gao gehaM / khAmito kila suDhiyo, akkhunnahi aggahatthehiM / / pAesu ceDarUve, pADetu bhaNai esa bhe maataa| jaM icchai taM dijjaha, tuma pi sAija jaayaaiN|| -he mitra ! tumhArI prANapriyA mara gaI hai, lekina yaha dekho rUpa aura avasthA meM yaha sAdhvI usI ke samAna hai| jaise zaMkha meM dUdha bharane se vaha usI ke raMga kA ho jAtA hai, aura tapA huA lohA tape hue lohe ke sAtha mila jAtA hai, vaise hI tumhArA bhI isake sAtha sambandha ho sakatA hai| yaha sunakara vaha

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bRhatkalpabhASya 225 saMyatI athavA anya saMyatiyA~ usa puruSa ko dhikkAratI haiM aura vaha puruSa apane mitra ke sAtha apane ghara lauTa AtA hai| eka dina bhikSA ke liye ghara AI huI usa saMyatI ko dekhakara usake prati vaha bahumAna pradarzita karatA hai| vaha usake caraNoM kA sparza karatA hai aura apanI pahalI patnI ke baccoM se usake paira par3avA kara unase kahatA hai ki yaha tumhArI mA~ hai, aura saMyatI se kahatA hai ki dekho yaha tumhAre bacce haiN| tatpazcAt yatheccha vastra, anna-pAna Adi se vaha usakA satkAra karatA hai| __varSAkAla meM gamana karane se vRkSa kI zAkhA Adi kA sira para gira jAne, kIcar3a meM rapaTa jAne, nadI meM baha jAne athavA kA~TA laga jAne Adi kA Dara rahatA hai, isaliye nigraMtha aura nirgranthiniyoM ko varSAkAla meM gamana karane kA niSedha hai|' viruddharAjya meM saMkramaNa karane se baMdha, vadha, Adi kA Dara rahatA hai| rAtri athavA vikAla meM bhojana karane se gaDDhe Adi meM girane, sA~pa athavA kutte se kATe jAne, baila se mAre jAne, athavA kA~TA Adi laga jAne kA bhaya rahatA hai| isa prasaMga para kAlodAI nAma ke eka bhikSu kI kathA dI hai| yaha bhikSu rAtri ke samaya kisI brAhmaNI ke ghara bhikSA mA~gane * gayA thaa| vaha brAhmaNI garbhavatI thii| aMdherA hone ke kAraNa brAhmaNI ko kIla na dikhAI dI aura kIla para gira jAne se usakI mRtyu ho gii|2 bihAra-mArga ke liye upayogI tAlikA, puTa, vardha, kozaka, kRtti, sikana, kApotikA Adi carma ke upakaraNoM aura pippalaka, sUcI, ArI, nakharadana Adi lohe ke 1. vizeSakara uttara bihAra meM vAgamatI, kosI aura gaMDaka nadiyoM meM bAr3ha A jAne ke kAraNa AvAgamana vilakula Thappa ho jAtA hai, isIko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhikSuoM ke liye cAturmAsa meM gamanAgamana karane kA niSedha kiyA mAlUma hotA hai| 2. majjhimanikAya ke lakuTikopama sutta meM bhI strI ke garbhapAta kI bAta kahI gaI hai| 15 prA0 sA0

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226 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa upakaraNoM kA ullekha hai| tIna siMhoM ke ghAtaka kRtakaraNa zramaNa kA udAharaNa diyA hai| sArthavAha tathA saMkhaDi ( bhoja) kA varNana hai| zailapura meM Rpitar3Aga, bhar3auMca meM kuMDalameNTha vyantara kI yAtrA tathA prabhAsa, arbudAcala, prAcInavAha Adi sthAnoM kA ullekha hai| saMkhaDI ke prakAra batAye gaye haiN| ujjainI kA rAjA saMprati Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhasti (vIra nirvANa ke 261 varSa bAda svargastha) kA samakAlIna thA, usake samaya se sAr3he paJcIsa janapadoM kI AryakSetroM meM gaNanA kI jAne lgii|' caturtha bhAga meM dvitIya uddeza ke 1-25 aura tRtIya uddeza ke 1-31 sUtra haiN| ina para 3280-4876 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| inameM upAzraya, sAgArikapArihArika, AhRtikAnihRtikA, aMzikA, pUjyabhaktopakaraNa, upadhi, rajoharaNa, upAzrayapraveza, carma, kRtsnAkRtsna vastra, bhinnAbhinna vastra, avagrahAnantaka avagrahapaTTaka, nizrA, trikRtsna, samavasaraNa, yathAratnAdhikavastraparibhAjana, yadhAratnAdhikazayyAsaMstArakaparibhAjana, kRtikarma, antaragRhasthAnAdi, antaragRhAkhyAnAdi, zayyAsaMstAraka, avagrahaprakRta, senAprakRta aura avagrahapramANa kA vivecana hai / sadA jAgRta rahane kA upadeza diyA hai jAgaraha narA! NiccaM, jAgaramANassa vaDDhate buddhii| jo suvati Na so dhaNNo, jo jaggati so sayA ghaNNo / -he manuSyo ! sadA jAgRta rho| jAgRta manuSya kI buddhi kA vikAsa hotA hai / jo jAgatA hai vaha sadA dhanya hai / agni, pacana, vyAgharaNa, paNita aura bhaMDazAlAoM kA ullekha hai| jAMgamika, .bhAMgika, sAnaka potaka aura tirITa nAma ke 1. dekhiye adhyAya dUsarA, pR0 52 / 2. milAiye-jAgarantA suNAthe taM ye suttA te pavujjhatha / suttA jAgaritaM seyyo nasthi jAgarato bhayaM // dativattaka. jAgariya satta 47 /

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bRhatkalpabhASya 227 pAMca prakAra ke vastroM kA ullekha hai| dUSyoM meM koyavi (ruI se bharA vastra ), prAvAraka (kaMbala), dADhigAli, pUrikA, viralikA, upadhAna, tUlI', AliMganikA, gaMDopadhAna aura masUraka' kA ullekha hai| tathA ekapuTa, sakalakRtsna, dvipuTa, khallaka, khapusA, vAgurA, kozaka, jaMghA, ardhajaMghA nAmaka jUtoM kA ullekha hai / dakSiNApatha ke do rUpakoM kA mUlya kAMcIpura ke eka nelaka ke barAbara hotA thA, aura kAMcIpura ke do rUpaka pATaliputra ke eka rUpaka ke barAbara hote the| thUNA Adi dezoM meM kinArI ( dazA) kaTe hue vastra dhAraNa karane, tathA jinakalpI sAdhuoM ko pAtra Adi bAraha prakAra kI upadhi rakhane kA vidhAna hai| zIla aura lajjA ko striyoM kA bhUpaNa kahA haiNa bhUsaNaM bhUsayate sarIraM vibhUsaNaM sIlahirI ya ithie / girA hi saMkhArajuyA vi saMsatI, apesalA hoi asaahuvaadinnii|| -hAra Adi AbhUSaNoM se strI kA zarIra vibhUSita nahIM hotA, usakA bhUSaNa to zIla aura lajjA hI hai| sabhA meM saMskArayuta asAdhuvAdinI vANI prazasta nahIM kahI jaatii| vidhipUrvaka gocarI ke lie bhramaNa karatI huI yadi koI saMyatI kisI gRhastha dvArA gharSita kara dI jAye to usakI rakSA karane kA vidhAna hai| yahA~ puruSa ke saMvAsa ke vinA bhI garbha kI saMbhAvanA batAI hai| strI ko hara dazA meM sacela rahane kA vidhAna hai| ujjainI, rAjagRha aura tosalinagara meM kutrikApaNa (bar3I dUkAneM jahA~ hara vastu milatI hai) hone kA ullekha hai| yadi vastra kA paribhAjana karate samaya sAdhuoM meM paraspara 1. dIghanikAya ( 1, pR0 7 ) meM tUlika kA ullekha hai| 2. mahAvagga (5. 10.3 ) aura cullavagga ( 6. 2.4) meM vividha takiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 3. jainAgamoM meM varNita sikkoM ke saMbaMdha meM dekhie DaoNkTara umAkAnta zAha kA rAjendrasUrismAraka grantha, 1957 meM lekha /

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228 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vivAda upasthita ho jAye to kisa prakAra vivAda ko zAnta kare ajjo! tuma ceva karehi bhAge, tato Nu ghecchAmo jhkkmennN| giNhAhi vA jaM tuha ettha i8, viNAsadhammIsu hi kiM mamattaM // -he Arya ! lo, tuma hI isakA vibhAga kro| isake bAda hama loga yathAkrama se grahaNa kreNge| jo tumheM acchA lage vaha tuma le lo| vastra Adi vastue~ vinAzazIla haiM, isalie unameM mamatva karanA ucita nhiiN| AcArya ke abhyutthAnasaMbaMdhI prAyazcita kA varNana bhagga'mha kaDI abbhuTThaNeNa dei ya aNuTThaNe sohI / anirohasuho vAso, hohii Ne ittha acchaamo|| --pahale gaccha meM AcArya ke lie bAra-bAra uThane-baiThane se hamArI kamara TUTa gaI hai| vahA~ yadi hama nahIM uThate the to prAyazcitta kA bhAgI honA par3atA thA aura kaThora vacana sahana karane par3ate the lekina isa gaccha meM praveza karane ke bAda bar3A sukhakara jIvana ho gayA hai| isalie aba yahIM raheMge, lauTakara apane gaccha meM nahIM jaayeNge| jinazAsana kA sAra kyA hai jaM icchasi appaNato, jaM ca Na icchasi appnnto| taM iccha parassa vi yA, ettiyagaM jiNasAsaNayaM // -jisa bAta kI apane lie icchA karate ho, usakI dUsare ke lie bhI icchA karo, aura jo bAta apane lie nahIM cAhate ho use dUsare ke lie bhI na cAho-yahI jinazAsana hai| ____ mRtyu kA bhaya sAmane hai, isaliye jo karanA hai Aja hI kara lo jaMkalle kAyavvaM, NareNa ajje va taM varaM kAuM| maJca akaluNahiao, na hu dIsai AvayaMto vi / / tUraha dhammaM kAuM, mA hu pamAyaM khaNaMpi kuvvitthA / bahuvigdho hu muhutto, mA avaraNhaM paDicchAhi //

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bRhatkalpabhASya 222 -jo kala karanA hai use Aja hI kara DAlanA cAhie, kyoMki krUra yama AtA huA dikhAI nahIM detA / dharma kA AcaraNa karane ke lie zIghratA kro| pratyeka muhUrta meM aneka vinna upasthita hote haiM, ataeva aparAhna kAla kI bhI pratIkSA na kro| pA~caveM bhAga meM caturtha uddeza ke 1-34 aura paMcama uddeza ke 1-42 sUtra haiN| ina sUtroM para 4877-6056 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| inameM anudAtika, pArAMtika, anavasthApya, pravrAjanAdi, vAcanA, saMjJApya, glAna, aneSaNIya, kalpasthita, akalpasthita, gaNAntaropasaMpat , viSvagbhavana, adhikaraNa, parihArika, mahAnadI, upAzrayavidhi , brahmApAya, adhikaraNa, saMstRtanirvicikitsA, udgAra, AhAravidhi, pAkanavidhi,brahmarakSA, moka, parivAsita aura vyavahAra kA vivecana hai| hastamaithuna, maithuna, athavA rAtribhojana kA sevana karane se guru prAyazcita kA vidhAna kiyA hai / ___ chaThe bhAga meM chaThe uddeza ke 1-20 sUtra haiM jina para 60606460 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai| inameM vacana, prastAra, kaMTakAdi uddharaNa, durga, kSiptacitta Adi, parimaMtha aura kalpasthiti sUtroM kA vivecana hai / mathurA meM devanirmita stUpa kA ullekha hai| yadi koI vaNik bahuta sA dhana jahAja meM bhara kara jalayAtrA kare aura jahAja ke DUba jAne se usakA sArA dhana naSTa ho jAye, to vaha apane RNa ko lauTAne ke lie bAdhya nahIM hai, ise vaNikanyAya kahA gayA hai| jIrNa, khaMDita athavA alpa vastra dhAraNa karanevAle nigraMtha bhI acelaka kahe jAte haiN| ATha prakAra ke rAjapiMDa kA ullekha hai| jItakalpabhASya / jItakalpabhAgya ke Upara jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kA svopajJa bhASya hai / yaha bhASya vastutaH bRhatkalpabhASya, vyavahArabhASya aura piMDaniyukti Adi granthoM kI gAthAoM kA saMgraha hai| isameM pA~ca jJAna, prAyazcittasthAna, bhaktaparijJA kI vidhi,

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230 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa iMginImaraNa aura pAdopagamana kA lakSaNa, gupti-samiti kA svarUpa, jJAna-dazena-cAritra ke aticAra, utpAdanA kA svarUpa, grahaNaiSaNA kA lakSaNa, dAna kA svarUpa Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayanabhASya zAntisUri kI pAiyaTIkA meM bhASya kI kucha hI gAthAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM / jAna par3atA hai ki anya bhASyoM kI gAthAoM kI bhA~ti isa bhASya kI gAthAyeM bhI niyukti ke sAtha mizrita ho gaI haiN| inameM boTika kI utpatti tathA pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka nAma ke jaina nimrantha sAdhuoM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai| AvazyakabhASya AvazyakasUtra ke Upara laghubhASya, mahAbhAdhya aura vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya likhe gaye haiN| isa sUtra kI niyukti meM 1623 gAthAyeM haiM jaba ki bhASya meM kula 253 gAthAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM / yahA~ bhI bhASya aura niyukti kI gAthAoM meM gar3abar3I huI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne likhA hai| kAlikazruta meM caraNa-karaNAnuyoga, RSibhASita meM dharmakathAnuyoga aura dRSTivAda meM dravyAnuyoga ke kathana haiN| mahAkalpazruta Adi kA isI dRSTivAda se uddhAra huA batAyA gayA hai / kauDinya ke ziSya azvamitra ko anupravAdapUrva ke antargata naipuNika vastu meM pAraGgata batAyA hai| nihnavoM aura karakaNDU Adi pratyekabuddhoM ke jIvana kA yahA~ vistAra se varNana hai / yadi sAdhu kI vasati meM aNDA phUTakara gira par3A ho to svAdhyAya kA niSedha kiyA hai| dazavakAlikabhASya dazavakAlikabhASya kI kula 63 gAthAyeM haribhadra kI TIkA ke sAtha dI huI haiN| inameM hetuvizuddhi, pratyakSa-parokSa tathA mUlaguNa

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dazavaikAlikabhASya 231 aura uttaraguNoM kA pratipAdana hai / aneka pramANoM se jIva kI siddhi kI gaI hai / laukika, vaidika tathA sAmayika (bauddha) loga jIva ko kisa rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM loge acchejabhejo vee sapurIsadagasiyAlo samaejjahamAsi gao tiviho divvAisaMsAro // - laukika loga AtmA ko acche aura abhedya mAnate haiM / veda meM kahA hai - jo viSThA sahita jalAyA jAtA hai, vaha zRgAla kI yoni meM janma letA hai, jo viSThA sahita jalAyA jAtA hai| usakI saMtati akSata hotI hai / ( zRgAlo vai eSa jAyate yaH sapurISo dahyate, athApurISo dahyate AkSodhukA asya prajAH prAdurbhavati ) / tathA buddha kA vacana hai ki maiM pahale janma meM hAthI thA -- ( ahaM mAsaM bhikSavo hastI, SaDdantaH zaMkhasaMnibhaH / zukaH paMjaravAsI ca zakunto jIvajIvakaH // ) isa prakAra, deva, manuSya, aura tithaMca ke bheda se saMsAra ko tIna prakAra kA kahA hai / piMDaniryuktibhASya fisniyukti para 46 gAthAoM kA bhASya hai / yahA~ pATaliputra ke rAjA candragupta aura usake maMtrI cANakya kA ullekha hai / eka bAra kI bAta hai ki jaba pATaliputra meM durbhikSa par3A to susthita nAma ke sUri ne socA ki apane samRddha nAmaka ziSya ko sUri pada para sthApita kara kisI nirApada sthAna meM bheja denA ThIka hogA / unhoMne use ekAnta meM yoniprAbhRta kA upadeza diyA jise do kSullakoM ne kisI taraha chipakara suna liyA / isameM A~khoM meM aMjana A~ja kara adRzya hone kI vidhi batAI gaI thI / samRddha sUripada para sthApita ho gaye, lekina jo bhikSA milatI vaha paryApta na hotI / natIjA yaha huA ki samRddha dina para dina durbala hone lage / kSullakoM ko jaba isa bAta kA

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232 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa patA calA to unhoMne apanI A~khoM meM aMjana A~ja kara rAjA candragupta ke sAtha bhojana karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| donoM pratidina aMjana lagA kara adRzya ho jAte aura candragupta ke sAtha bhojana karate / lekina isase paryApta bhojana na milane ke kAraNa candragupta kRza hone lage | cANakya ne isakA kAraNa jAnane kA prayatna kiyA | usane bhojanamaNDapa meM IToM kA cUrA bikhera diyA / . kucha samaya bAda use manuSya ke pagacihna dikhAI diye| vaha samajha gayA ki do AdamI A~kha meM aMjana lagA kara Ate haiN| eka dina usane daravAjA banda karake dhuMA kara diyA / dhUA lagane se kSullakoM kI A~khoM se pAnI bahane lagA jisase aMjana dhula gyaa| dekhA to sAmane do kSullaka khar3e the| candragupta ko bar3I atmaglAni huii| khaira, cANakya ne bAta saMbhAla lI / bAda meM usane vasati meM jAkara AcArya se nivedana kiyA ki Apake ziSya aisA kAma karate haiN| donoM ziSyoM ko prAyazcitta kA bhAgI honA pdd'aa| oghaniyuktibhASya oghaniyukti ke bhASya meM 322 gAthAyeM haiN| dharmaruci Adi ke kathAnakoM aura badarI Adi ke dRSTAMtoM dvArA tatvajJAna ko , samajhAyA gayA hai| kucha kathAnaka aspaSTa bhI haiM jisakA ullekha vRttikAra droNAcArya ne kiyA hai (dekhiye 8 bhASya kI ttiikaa)| bahuta se loga prAtaHkAla sAdhuoM kA darzana apazakuna mAnate the| unake liMga ( ahihANa) ko dekhakara ve majAka karate the ki lo subaha hI subaha zIze (uddAga ) meM mu~ha dekha lo ! loga kahate the ki ina sAdhuoM ne kevala udarapUrti ke lie pravrajyA grahaNa kI hai | kabhI koI vidhavA strI unheM ekAMta meM pA kara dvAra Adi banda kara parezAna karatI thii| jyotiSa Adi kA prayoga bhI sAdhu kiyA karate the| lepapiNDa meM batAyA hai ki jaba ve apane pAtra meM lepa lagAte to kabhI use kuttA Akara cATa jAtA thA (jakkhullihaNa, yahA~ yakSa kA artha TIkAkAra ne

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oghaniyuktibhASya 233 kuttA kiyA hai)| zubha aura azubha tithi, karaNa aura nakSatra para vicAra karate hue cakradhara, pAMDuraMga, taJcanniya (bauddha) aura boTika sAdhuoM kA darzana azubha batAyA hai| kAladharma ko prApta sAdhu ke pariSThApana kI vidhi kA pratipAdana karate hue unake zava ko sthaMDila (prAsuka jIva-janturahita bhUmi ), devakula athavA zUnyagRha Adi sthAnoM meM rakhane kA vidhAna hai| nadI meM yadi ghuTanoM taka (jaMghArdha) jala ho to eka paira jala meM aura dUsarA paira Upara uThAkara nadI pAra kre| yahA~ saMghaTTa (jahA~ jaMghArdha-pramANa jala ho), lepa (nAsipramANa jala) aura lepopari (jahA~ nAbhi ke Upara taka jala ho) zabdoM kI paribhASA dI hai / ATha varSa ke bAlaka, naukara-cAkara, vRddha, napuMsaka, surApAna se matta aura lUle-laMgar3e puruSa se, tathA kUTatI, pIsatI, kAtatI aura ruI pIjatI huI tathA garbhavatI strI se bhikSA svIkAra karane kA niSedha hai| prakAza rahate hue sAdhu ko bhojana kara lenA cAhiye, aMdhere meM bhojana karane kI manAI hai| mAlavA ke cora logoM kA apaharaNa karake le jAte the| sAdhuoM ko unase satarka rahane ke liye kahA hai| kaliMga deza ke kAMcanapura nagara meM bhayaGkara bAr3ha Ane kA ullekha yahA~ milatA hai| -o-a00

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cUrNI-sAhitya AcArAMgacUrNI paraMparA se AcArAMga cUrNI ke kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara mAne jAte haiN| yahA~ aneka sthaloM para nAgArjunIya vAcanA kI sAkSIpUrvaka pAThabheda prastuta karate hue unakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| bIca-bIca meM saMskRta aura prAkRta ke aneka laukika padya uddhRta haiN| pratyeka zabda ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka viziSTa zailI apanAI gaI hai| mUa, khuja aura vaDama Adi zabdoM ke artha ko prAkRta meM hI samajhAyA hai bahiraMtaM Na suNeti, mRto tiviho-jalamUtao, elamUtao mammaNo tti / khujo vAmaNo / vaDabhe tti jassa vaDabhaM piTThIe NiggataM / sAmo kuTThI / sabalattaM siti / saha pamAdeNaM ti kAraNe kajjuvayArA bhaNitaM sakammehi / thullasAra kA artha thullasAraM bheMDaM eraMDakaDaM vA, jassa vA jaM sarIraM thallaM Na kiMci viNNANaM atthi so thullasAra eva / kevalaM bhArasAro pattharo vairA ti | majjhasAro khairo | desasAro aMbo | grAma Adi kI paribhASAyeM aTThArasahaM karabharANaM gaMmo gamaNijjo vA gAmo, gasati buddhimAdiguNe vA gAmo / Na ettha karo vijjatIti nagaraM / kheDaM paMsupAgAravelu | kabbaDaM NAma thullao jassa paagaaro| maDaMbaM jassa aDDhAijehiM gAuehiM Nasthi gaamo| paTTaNaM jalapaTTaNaM thalapaTTaNaM ca / jalapaTTaNaM jahA kANaNadIvo, thalapaTTaNaM jahA mahurA | Agaro 1. ratalAma kI RSabhadeva kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA dvArA san 1941 meM prakAzita /

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AcArAMgacUrNI 235 hirnnnngaaraadii| gAmo vijjasaNNiviTTho dohiM gammati jaleNAvi thaleNAvi doNamuhaM jahA bharuyacchaM taamlittii| Age cala kara vividha vastroM aura zAlA Adi ke lakSaNa / samajhAye gaye haiN| nimnalikhita kathA se cUrNiyoM kI lekhana-zailI kA patA calatA hai ekkammi gAme suivaadii| tassa gAmassa egassa gihe keNai cchippati / to causaTThIe maTTiyAhi sa pahAti | aNNadA yassa gihe balado mto| kammAraehiM NiveiyaM / teNa bhaNiyaM-saddhiM nINedha, taM ca ThANaM pANieNaM dhovaha / nippheDie caMDAlA uvahitA vigiMciyaM kujja / tehiM kammayarehiM suivAdI pucchio-'caMDAlANa dijau ?' teNa vuttaM-'mA, kiMkhu kiMkhu kiMkhutti bhaNati / vikiMcatu sayaM / evameva maMsaM damayagANaM deh| cammeNa vaiyAu valeha, siMgANi ucchavADamajhe kIrahi tti ujjha pi khattaM bhavissai, advihi vi dhUmo kajjihiti tausINa, hAruNA satthakaMDANaM bhavissai / . -kisI gA~va meM eka zucivAdI rahatA thaa| vaha kisI eka ghara se bhikSA mAMgakara khAtA, aura cauMsaTha bAra miTTI se snAna karatA thaa| eka bAra kI bAta hai ki naukaroM ne Akara nivedana kiyA ki baila mara gayA hai| ghara ke mAlika ne unheM Adeza diyA ki baila ko zIghra hI bAhara le jAo, aura usa sthAna ko pAnI se dho ddaalo| baila kI khAla lene ke lie cANDAla A gye| naukaroM ne zucivAdI se pUchA ki kyA baila cAMDAloM ko de deM ? zucivAdI ne kahA-"tuma loga svayaM hI usakI khAla nikAla lo, mAMsa bhikhAriyoM ko de do, camar3e kI bAr3a banA lo, sIMgoM ko Ikha meM jalAkara unase khAda banA lo, haDDiyoM kA dhuMA karake use bAr3e kI kakar3iyoM meM do aura usake snAyuoM se bANa banA lo|"

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236 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa eka laukika kathA par3hiye egaMmi gAme eko koDubio dhaNamaMto bahuputto ya | so vuDDhIbhUto puttesu bharaM saMNasati / tehi ya pajAyaputtabhaMDehiM puttehiM bhajjAo bhaNiyAo-eyaM uvvalaNaNhANodaga-bhattasejjamAdIhi paDiyArijjai / tAo yaM kaMci kAlaM paDiyariUNa pacchA puttabhaMDehiM vaDDhamANehiM pacchA saNiyaM saNiyaM uvayAraM prihaaveumaarddhaao| kadAyi deMti, kadAyi Na deti / so sUradi | puttA ya NaM pucchaMti / so bhaNai-puvvapuvvuttaM aMgasussUsaM parihAyati / tAhe te tAo bahugAmo khijjaMti / puNo puNo nibbhatthamANIo, puNo amhe Nikajjovagassa therassa eyassa taNaeNaM khaliyArijjAmo tAhe tAo ruThThAo suTTayaraM na kareMti / pacchA tAhiM saMpahAreUNaM aparopparaM bhaNaMti patiNo-amhe eyassa karemo viNayavattiM, eso niNhavati / kativi divase paDiyario, pucchio kiMci-te idANI kareMti ? tAhe teNa puvvillagaroseNaM bhaNNaihANa me kiMcivi kareMti| kaitaveNa vA tAhe tehiM uccai-vivarIto bhUto esa thero| jai vi kuvvati tahavi parivadati / esa kayagyo / kIramANevi NiNhavati / annesi pi NIyallagANaM sAheti / -kisI gA~va meM koI dhanavAna kauTuMbika rahatA thaa| usake . bahuta se putra the| jaba vaha vRddha huA to usane apane putroM ko saba bhAra sauMpa diyaa| usake putroM ne apanI bhAryAoM ko Adeza diyA ki tuma loga ubaTana, snAna, bhojana, zayyA Adi ke dvArA apane zvasura kI paricaryA karanA / kucha samaya taka to ve paricaryA karatI rahIM, lekina jaise-jaise unake bAla-bacce bar3hane lage, unakI paricaryA kama hotI gii| kabhI ve use bhojana detI, kabhI na detIM / bUr3hA yaha dekhakara bahuta ciMtita huA / apane putroM ke pUchane para usane batAyA ki aba ve pahale jaisI sevA usakI nahIM krtiiN| yaha sunakara bahuoM ko bahuta khIjha huii| unheM aba bAra-bAra DATaphaTakAra par3ane lgii| unhoMne socA ki asthira cittavAle isa bUr3he ke putroM dvArA hameM bAra-bAra apamAnita honA par3atA hai|

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mUtrakRtAMgacUrNI 237 isalie ruSTa hokara aba unhoMne apane zvasura kI paricaryA karanA bilakula hI banda kara diyaa| tatpazcAt Apasa meM salAha kara ke unhoMne apane patiyoM se kahA-dekhiye, hamaloga barAbara zvasurajI kI sevA-zuzrUSA karatI haiM, lekina ve isa bAta ko Apa logoM se kabhI nahIM kahate / isake bAda ve kucha dina taka apane zvasura kI sevA karatI rhiiN| eka dina bUr3he ke putroM ne apane pitA jI se phira puuchaa| bUr3he ne pahale jaise hI bar3e roSa ke sAtha kahA ki are bhAI ! ve to kucha bhI nahIM karatIM yaha sunakara bahue~ kahane lagIM, "yaha bUr3hA hamase dveSa rakhatA hai| hamaloga isakI itanI sevA karatI haiM, phira bhI yaha jhUTha bolatA hai| sacamuca yaha bar3A kRtaghna hai| golladeza (godAvarI ke AsapAsa kA praveza) ke rItirivAjoM kA aneka jagaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai| golla meM caitra mahIne meM zIta par3atA hai; yahA~ Ama kI phAMka karake unheM dhUpa meM sukhAte haiM jise AmrapAna kahate haiN| kuMbhIcakra ko isa deza meM asavattaa kahA jAtA hai| koMkaNa deza kA bhI yahA~ ullekha hai jahA~ nirantara varSA hotI rahatI hai| manusmRti (4.85) aura mahAbhArata (13-141-16) ke zloka yahA~ uddhRta haiM / sUtrakRtAMgacUrNI isa cUrNi' meM nAgArjunIya vAcanA ke jagaha-jagaha pAThAMtara diye haiM / yahA~ aneka dezoM ke rIti-rivAja Adi kA ullekha hai| udAharaNa ke liye, sindhu deza meM paNNattI kA svAdhyAya karane kI manAI hai| golla deza meM yadi koI kisI puruSa kI hatyA kara de to vaha kisI brAhmaNaghAtaka ke samAna hI nindanIya samajhA jAtA hai / tAmralipti Adi dezoM meM DAMsoM kI adhikatA 1. ratalAma se san 1941 meM prakAzita / muni puNyavijayajI ise saMzodhita karake punaH prakAzita kara rahe haiN| isake kucha mudrita pharme unakI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko mile|

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238 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa rahatI hai| malloM meM rivAja thA ki yadi koI anAtha malla mara jAye to saba malla milakara usakA deha-saMskAra karate the| AIkakumAra ke * vRttAnta meM AIka ko mleccha viSaya kA rahanevAlA batAyA hai| Arya dezavAsI zreNika ke putra abhayakumAra se mitratA karane ke liye Ardraka ne usake liye bheMTa bhejI thii| bauddhoM ke jAtakoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai| vaizikatantra kA nimnalikhita zloka uddhRta hai etA hasanti ca rudanti ca arthahetoH vizvAsayaMti ca paraM na ca vizvasaMti / striyaH kRtArthAH puruSaM nirarthakaM niSpIDitAlaktakavat tyati // vIrarasa kI eka gAthA dekhiyetaritavvA ca paiNNiyA mariyavyaM vA samare samatthaeNaM / asarisajaNaullAvayA Na hu sahitavvA kule psuuennN|| gaNapAlaka athavA gaNabhukti se rAjyabhraSTa honevAle ko kSatriya kahA gayA hai / malUma hotA hai vaizAlI nagarI cUrNIkAra ke samaya meM bhulAI jA cukI thI, ataeva vaizAlika (vaizAlI ke rahanevAle mahAvIra ) kA artha hI badala gayA thA vizAlA jananI yasya vizAlaM kulameva vA / vizAlaM vacanaM vAsya, tena vaizAliko jinH|| ___ yahA~ para dRSyagaNi kSamAzramaNa ke ziSya bhaTTiyAcArya ke nAmollekhapUrvaka unake vacana ko uddhRta kiyA hai / vyAkhyAprajJapticUrNI isa para atilaghu cUrNI hai jo zIghra hI prakAzita ho rahI hai| jambudvIpaprajJapticUrNI isa grantha kI cUrNI devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra granthamAlA meM prakAzita ho rahI hai|

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nizIthavizeSacUrNI 239 nizIthavizeSacUrNI nizItha ke Upara likhI huI cUrNI ko visesacuNNi (vizeSacUrNI)' kahA gayA hai| isake kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara haiM / nizIthacUNi abhI taka anupalabdha hai| isameM piMDaniyukti aura oghaniyukti kA ullekha milatA hai jisase patA lagatA hai ki yaha cUrNI ina donoM niyuktiyoM ke bAda likhI gaI hai| sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra se saMbaMdha rakhanevAle apavAdasaMbaMdhI aneka niyamoM kA yahA~ varNana hai / sukumAliyA kI kathA par3hiye iheva aDDhabharahe vArANasINagarIe vAsudevassa jeTThabhAo jarakumArassa putto jiyasattu rAyA ! tassa duve puttA sasao bhasao ya,dhUyA ya sukumaaliyaa|asivenn savvaMmi kulavaMse pahINe tiNNivi kumAragA pavvatitA | sA ya sukumAliyA jovvaNaM pattA | atIva sukumAlA rUpavatI ya / jato bhikkhAdiviyAre vaccai tato taruNajuANA piTThao vaccaMti / evaM sA rUvadoseNa sapaJcavAyA jAyA / ___ taM NimittaM tanNehiM AiNNe uvassage sesigANa rakkhaNaTThA gaNiNI gurUNaM kaheti / tAhe guruNA te sasa-bhasagA bhaNiyAsaMrakkhaha evaM bhagiNiM / te ghettuM vIsuM ubassae ThiyA / te ya balavaM shssjohinno| tANego bhikkhaM hiMDati ego taM payatteNa rakkhati / je taruNA ahivaDaMti te hayavihae kAuM ghADeti / evaM tehiM bahulogo viraadhito| bhAyaNukaMpAe sukumAliyA aNasaNaM pavvajjati / bahudiNakhINA sA mohaM gatA / tehiM NAyaM kAlagaya tti | tAhe taM ego geNhati, bitio upakaraNaM gehati / tato sA purisaphAseNa rAto ya sIyalavAteNa NijjaMtI appAtitA saceyaNA jaayaa| tahAvi tuhikkA ThitA, tehi pariTThaviyA, te gayA gurusgaasN| sA vi 1. vijaya prema sUrIzvara jI ne vi0 saM0 1995 meM isakI kaI bhAgoM meM sAiklosTAila prati taiyAra kI thii| abhI hAla meM upAdhyAya amaramuni aura muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' ne ise cAra bhAgoM meM sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA se prakAzita kiyA hai|

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240 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AsatthA / io ya adUreNa sattho vaccati / diTThA yA satthavAheNaM, gahiyA, saMbhotiyA rUvavatI mahilA kayA | kAleNa bhAtiyAgamo, dilA, abbhuTiyA ya diNNA bhikkhA | tahAvi sAdhavo NirakkhaMtA acchaM, tIe bhaNiyaM-kiM Nirakkhaha ? te bhaNaMti-amha bhagiNIe sArikkhA hi, kiMtu sA matA, amhehiM ceva pariTThaviyA, aNNahA Na pattiyaMtA / tIe bhaNiyaMpattiyaha,ahaM ciya sA|savvaM kaheti / vayapariNayA ya tehiM dikkhiyaa| -ardhabharata meM vArANasI nagarI meM vAsudeva kA bar3A bhAI jarAkumAra kA putra jitazatru rAjya karatA thaa| usake sasaa aura bhasaa nAmake do putra aura sukumAliyA nAmakI eka kanyA thii| mahAmArI Adi ke kAraNa samasta kula ke naSTa ho jAne para tInoM ne pravrajyA grahaNa kara lii| sukumAliyA bar3I hokara yuvatI ho gaI / vaha atyanta sukumAra aura rUpavatI thii| jaba vaha bhikSA ke liye jAtI to bahuta se taruNa usakA pIchA krte| isa prakAra apane rUpa ke kAraNa vaha apane hI liye bAdhA ho gii| taruNa upAzraya meM ghusa Ate / aisI dazA meM sukumAliyA kI rakSA ke liye gaNinI ne guru se nivedana kiyA | guru ne sasaa aura bhasaa ko Adeza diyA ki ve apanI bahana kI rakSA kreN| ve use lekara eka alaga upAzraya meM rahane lage, donoM bhAI bar3e balavAn aura sahasrayodhI the | unameM se eka bhikSA ke lie jAtA to dUsarA sukumAliyA kI rakSA karatA | jo taruNa cher3akhAnI karane ke lie vahA~ Ate unheM vaha mAra-pITakara bhagA detA | isa prakAra una donoM ne bahuta soM ko ThIka kiyaa| udhara apane bhAiyoM para anukaMpA kara sukumAliyA ne anazana svIkAra kiyA, aura kucha hI dinoM meM kSINa ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha acetana ho gaI | bhAiyoM ne samajhA ki vaha mara gaI hai| eka ne use uThAyA aura dUsare ne usake upakaraNa lie / isa samaya puruSa ke sparza se aura rAtri meM zItala vAyu ke lagane se usakI mUrchA TUTI lekina phira bhI vaha cupacApa rhii| donoM bhAI use eka sthAna meM rakha kara guru ke pAsa cale gaye / isa

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242 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nabhacara aura thalacara jIva rahA karate the| hAthiyoM kA eka bar3A jhuMDa bhI vahAM rahatA thaa| eka bAra kI bAta hai, grISma-kAla meM hAthiyoM kA vaha jhuMDa tAlAba meM pAnI pIkara aura snAna karake madhyAhna ke samaya zItala vRkSa kI chAyA meM ArAma se so gayA / vahA~ pAsa hI meM do girigiTa lar3a rahe the| yaha dekhakara vanadevatA ne sabhA meM ghoSaNA kI he jala meM rahanevAle nAga aura trasa-sthAvaro! suno / jahA~ do giragiTa lar3ate haiM vahA~ avazya hAni hotI hai / devatA ne kahA, ina lar3ate huoM kI upekSA mata karo, lar3ane se inheM roko / lekina jalacara aura thalacaroM ne socA, inakI lar3AI se hamArA kyA bigar3a sakatA hai| itane meM eka giragiTa lar3ate-lar3ate bhAga kara ArAma se soe hue eka hAthI kI sUMDa meM jA ghusaa| dUsarA bhI usake pIche-pIche vahIM pahu~cA | basa hAthI ke kapAla meM yuddha maca gyaa| isase hAthI bar3A vyAkula huA aura asamAdhi ke kAraNa vedanA ke vazIbhUta ho usane usa vanakhaMDa ko cUra-cUra kara diyaa| isase vahA~ rahanevAle bahuta se prANiyoM kA ghAta huaa| pAnI meM saMgharSa hone se jalacara jIva naSTa ho gaye / tAlAba kI pAla TUTa gii| tAlAba naSTa ho gayA aura pAnI meM rahanevAle saba jIva mara gaye / kahIM sarasa saMvAda bhI nizIthacUrNI meM dikhAI par3a jAte haiN| sAdhu-sAdhvI kA saMvAda par3hiye teNa pucchitA-Ni gatAsi bhikkhAe ? sA bhaNNati-aja! khamaNaM ne| so bhaNati-kiM nimittaM ? sA bhaNati-mohatigicchaM karemi / tAe vi so pucchio bhaNati-ahaM pi mohatigicchaM karemi / kahaM bodhi tti laddhA ? paropparaM pucchati / teNa pucchitA-kahaM si pavvaiyA ? / sA bhaNati-bhattAramaraNeNa tassa vA aciyatta

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nizIthavizeSacUrNI tti teNa pvvtitaa| tAe so pucchito bhaNati-ahaM pi emeva tti | . -sAdhu (kisI sAdhvI se pUchatA hai)-Aja tuma bhikSA ke liye nahIM gaI ? sAdhvI-Arya ! nerA upavAsa hai| "kyoM ?" "moha kA ilAja kara rahI hU~, lekina tumhArA kyA hAla hai ?" "maiM bhI usI kA ilAja kara rahA huuN|" phira ve paraspara bodhi kI prApti ke saMbaMdha meM eka dUsare se prazna karane lge| sAdhu-"tumane kyoM pravrajyA grahaNa kI ?" "pati ke mara jAne se|" "merA bhI yahI hAla hai (maiMne patnI ke mara jAne para pravrajyA lI hai)|" Age dekhiye so taM NiddhAe diTThIe joeti / tAe bhaNNati-kiM pecchasi ? so bhaNAti-sAricchaM, tuma mama bhAriyAte hasiyajapieNa laDahattaNeNa ya savvahA sAricchA / tujjha dasaNaM mohaM me Neti, mohaM kareti / ___ sA bhaNati-jahA'haM tujhe mohaM karemi, tahA majjhavi taheva tumaM karesi / ____ "kevalaM sA mama ucchaMge myaa| jati sA parokkhAto marati devANa vi Na pattiyanto / jahA tuma sA Na bhavasi tti / " -sAdhu use snehabharI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| yaha dekhakara sAdhvI ne prazna kiyA-"kyA dekha rahe ho ?" ___ "donoM kI tulanA kara rahA huuN| ha~sane, bolane aura sundaratA meM tuma merI bhAryA se bilakula milatI-julatI ho / tumhArA darzana mere mana meM moha utpanna karatA hai|"

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244 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa "jaise tumhAre mana meM merA darzana moha utpanna karatA hai, vaise hI tumhArA mere mana meM karatA hai|" "vaha merI godI meM sira rakha kara mara gii| yadi vaha merI anupasthiti meM maratI to kadAcit devatAoM ko bhI usake marane kA vizvAsa na hotA / tuma vaha kaise ho sakatI ho ?" ___ kaThina paristhitiyoM meM jaina zramaNa apane saMgha kI kisa prakAra rakSA karate the, ise samajhAne ke liye koMkaNa deza ke eka sAdhu kA AkhyAna diyA hai| eka bAra, koI AcArya apane ziSya-samudAya ke sAtha vihAra karate hue saMdhyA samaya koMkaNa kI aTavI ke pAsa phuNce| usa aTavI meM siMha Adi aneka jaMgalI jAnavara rahate the| AcArya ne apane saMgha kI rakSA ke lie koMkaNa ke eka sAdhu ko rAtri ke samaya paharA dene ke liye niyukta kara diyA, bAkI saba sAdhu ArAma se so gye| prAtaHkAla patA lagA ki paharA denevAle sAdhu ne tIna siMhoM ko mAra DAlA hai| AcArya ne prAyazcitta dekara sAdhu kI zuddhi kara lI / dUsarI jagaha rAjabhaya se AcArya dvArA apane rAjaputra sAdhuziSya ko imalI ke bIja usake mu~ha para mala kara saMyatiyoM ke upAzraya meM chipA dene kA ullekha hai|| ___ yahA~ rAjA samprati ke rAjyazAsana ko candragupta, bindusAra (268-273 I0 pU0) aura azoka (272-232 I0 pU0) tInoM kI apekSA zreSTha kahA hai| isaliye maurya vaMza ko yava ke AkAra kA batAyA hai| jaise yava donoM ora nIcA aura madhya meM uThA huA hotA hai, usI prakAra samprati ko mauryavaMza kA madhyabhAga kahA gayA hai| rAjA samprati ne aneka dezoM meM apane rAjakarmacArI bhejakara 2 // dezoM tathA AMdhra, draviDa, mahArASTra aura kuDukka (kurga) Adi pratyaMta dezoM ko jaina sAdhuoM ke vihAra yogya banavAyA thA / kAlakAcArya kI kathA vizeSa nizIthacUrNI meM vistAra se kahI gaI hai| ujjayinI ke rAjA gardabhilla

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nizIthavizeSacUrNI 245 ne jaba kAlakAcArya kI bhaginI ko jabardastI uThAkara apane antaHpura meM rakha liyA to kAlakAcArya bahuta kSubdha hue| unhoMne rAjA se badalA lene kI pratijJA kii| pratijJA pUrI karane ke liye ve pArasakUla (IrAna) gaye aura vahA~ ke zAhoM ko hindustAna (hiMdugadesa) livA lAye / Age cala kara zaka vaMza kI utpatti huii| kAlaka ke anurodha para zAhoM ne rAjA gardabhilla para car3hAI kara usake vaMza kA samUla nAza kara DAlA | tatpazcAt kAlaka ne apanI bhaginI ko punaH saMyama meM dIkSita kiyA / ujjayinI ke rAjA pradyota kI kathA yahA~ vistAra se dI hai| isa prasaGga para puSkara tIrtha (Adhunika puSkara, ajamera ke pAsa) kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra ke varNana-prasaMga meM yahA~ aneka dezoM meM pracalita rIti-rivAjoM kA ullekha hai| udAharaNa ke liye, lATadeza meM mAmA kI lar3akI se vivAha kiyA jA sakatA thaa| mAlava aura siMdhu deza ke loga kaThorabhASI tathA mahArASTra ke loga vAcAla mAne jAte the| mahArASTra ke jaina bhikSu AvazyakatA par3ane para apane liMga meM aMgUThI (veMTaka) pahanate the / lATa deza meM jise kaccha kahate the, mahArASTra meM use bhoyar3A ' kahA jAtA thaa| mahArASTra kI kanyAyeM vivAha hone ke pazcAt garbhavatI hone taka ise pahanatI thIM / mahArASTra meM strI ko mAuggAma kahA jAtA thaa| ___ yahA~ haMsatela banAne aura phaloM ko pakAne kI vidhiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| gaMgA, prabhAsa, prayAga, sirimAla Adi ko kutIrtha; zAkyamata, Izvaramata Adi ko kuzAstra ; mallagaNa, sArasvatagaNa 1. isa sambandha meM dekhiye DaoNkTara umAkAnta zAha kA 'suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya' (jaina saMskRtisaMzodhana maNDala, banArasa, san 1956) / 2. jamAli kA vivAha usake mAmA mahAvIra kI kanyA priyadarzanA se huA thaa| 3. sthAnAMga (sUtra 142) meM magadha, varadAma aura prabhAsa kI

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246 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa Adi ko dharma; gota, dizAprokSita, paMcAgni tapa, pacagavyAna Adi ko kuta; tathA bhUmidAna, godAna, azvadAna, hastidAna, suvarNadAna Adi ko kudAna kahA gayA hai / carmakAra, nAI ( hAti ) ', aura rajaka Adi ko zilpajuMgita ( zalpa meM hIna ) kI koTi meM ginAyA hai / tatpazcAt vividha prakAra ke vastroM, mAlAoM, AbhUSaNoM, vAdyoM, zAlAoM, AgAroM, utsavoM, sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM, siddhaputra, muMDI Adi kI paribhASAyeM yahA~ dI haiM / (siddhaputra bhAryA sahita bhI rahate haiM aura bhAryArahita bhI / zukla va pahanate haiM / ustare se sira muMDAye rahate haiM, zikhA rakhate haiM, kabhI nahIM bhI rakhate, daNDa aura pAtra ve dhAraNa nahIM karate / ) nirmaMtha, zAkya, tApasa, gairika aura AjIvaka ina pA~coM kI zramaNoM meM gaNanA kI gaI hai / zvAnoM ke sambandha meM batAyA hai ki kailAza parvata (meru ) para rahanevAle deva yakSarUpa meM ( zvAna rUpa meM) isa martyaloka meM rahate haiM / zaka, yavana, mAlava, tathA AMdhra-mi kA yahA~ ullekha hai / cUrNIkAra ne bhASya kI aneka gAthAoM ko bhadrabAhukRta aura aneka ko siddhasenakRta batAyA hai / chedasUtroM kI bhAMti dRSTivAda ko uttamazruta batAte hue kahA hai ki dravyAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga, dharmAnuyoga aura gaNitAnusayoga kA varNana hone se yaha sUtra sarvottama hai / bhASyakAra dvArA ullikhita kappa aura pakapa para cUrNI likhate hue cUrNIkAra kappa meM dasA, kappa aura vyavahAra ; pakappa meM misIha aura tu zabda se mahAkappa aura mahAnasI ko lete haiM / vidhisUtra meM Avazyaka ke antargata sAmAyika niryukti, tathA joNipAhuDa kA ullekha hai / paraMparAgata anuzruti ke anusAra maMtravidyA ke isa grantha kI sahAyatA se siddhasena ne ava banAkara dikhAye the / pAdalipta ke kAlaNNANa gaNanA tIna tIrthoM meM kI gaI hai / AvazyakacUrNi (2, pR0 197) meM bhI inheM sutIrthoM meM hI ginAyA gayA hai / 1. marAThI meM nhAvI /

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dazAzrutaskaMdha cUrNI 247 nAmaka graMtha' kA ullekha yahA~ milatA hai / AkhyAyikAoM meM vANadaMtakathA, taraMgavatI, malayavatI, magaghasenA aura AkhyAnoM meM dhUrtAkhyAna, chalita kAvyoM meM setu, tathA vasudevacariya aura ceTakakathA Adi kA ullekha hai / dazAzrutaskaMdha cUrNI dazAzrutaskaMdha kI niyukti kI bhAMti isakI cUrNi bhI laghu hai / yahA~ bhI aneka zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra ko pratyAkhyAna nAmaka pUrva meM se uddhRta batAyA hai / vAda kA asamAdhisthAna nAmaka prAmRta se bhadrabAhu ne uddhAra kiyA | AThaveM karmapravAdapUrva meM ATha mahAnimittoM kA vivecana hai / pratiSThAna ke rAjA sAtavAhana aura AcArya kAlaka kI kathA yahA~ bhI ullikhita hai / siddhasena kA ullekha yahA~ milatA hai / gozAla ko bhAriyagosAla kahA hai, arthAt jo guru kI avahelanA karatA hai aura usake kathana ko nahIM maantaa| aMguSTha aura pradezinI (tarjanI) uMgalI meM jitane cAvala eka bAra A sakeM utane hI cAvaloM ko bhakSaNa karane vAle Adi aneka tApasoM kA ullekha kiyA hai | uttarAdhyayanacUrNI uttarAdhyayana cUrNI ke karttA jinadAsagaNi mahattara haiM / nAgArjunIya pATha kA yahA~ bhI aneka sthaloM para ullekha hai / bahuta se zabdoM kI bar3I vicitra vyutpattiyA~ dI huI haiM jisase dhvanita hotA hai ki naI vyutpattiyA~ gar3hI jA rahI thIM / kAsava ( kAzyapa gotra ) kI vyutpatti - kAzaM - ucchu tasya vikAra kAsyaH rasaH sa yasya pAnaM kAzyapaH-usabhasAmI tassa jogA ne jAtA te kAsavA mANasAmI kAsavo / 1. muni puNyavijayajI ke anusAra jyotiSkaraMDa kA hI dUsarA kA hai| 2. san 1933 meM ratalAma se prakAzita /

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248 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mAtA, pitA Adi zabdoM kI vyutpattiyA~ dekhiye mAtayati manyate vA'sau mAtA, mimIte minoti vA putradharmAniti mAtA | pAti vibharti vA putramiti pitA | snehAdhikatvAt mAtA pUrva, sneheti zravanti vA tAmiti snuSA | vibharti bhayate vAsau bhAryA / punAtIti putraH / gacchatIti gauH| aznute aznAti vA adhvAnamityazvaH / madyate manyate vA tamalaMkAramiti maNiH / pazyatIti pazuH / / prAkRta ke sAtha saMskRta kA bhI sammizraNa huA hai ego pasavAlo pratidina-pratidinaM madhyAhnagate ravau ajAsu mahAnyagrodhatarusamAzritAsu tatthuttANao nivanno ve NuvidaleNa ajodgIrNakolAsthibhiH tasya vaTasya chidrIkurvan tiSThati / evaM sa vaTapAdapaH prAyasaH chidrapatrIkRtaH / aNNadA ya tatthego rAiyaputto dAiyadhADito taM chAyaM smssito| pecchate ya tassa vaDapAdavassa savvANi pattANi chiditANi / teNa so pasupAlato pucchito keNetANi pattANi chiddIkatANi ? teNa bhaNNati-mayA etAni krIr3ApUrva chidritAni, teNa so bahuNA davvajAteNa vilobheuM bhaNNati-sakkesi jassa ahaM bhaNAmi tassa acchINi chiddeuM ? teNa bhaNNati-vuDaDhabbhAsattho hou to sakkemi / teNa garaM nniito| rAyamaggasaMnikiTThe ghare tthvito| tassa ya rAyaputtassa rAyA sa teNa maggeNa assavAhaNiyAe Nejati / teNa bhaNNati-eyassa acchINi phoDehi / teNa goliyadhaNueNa tassa'higacchamANassa dovi acchINi phoDitANi | pacchA so rAyaputto (rAyA) jaato| __-pratidina madhyAhna ke samaya, jaba bakariyA~ eka mahAna vaTa ke vRkSa ke patte khAne lagatIM, to bAMsa kI lakar3I hAtha meM lekara Upara mu~ha kiye baiThA huA koI gvAlA bakariyoM dvArA ugalI huI beroM kI guThaliyoM se usa vRkSa ke pattoM meM cheda karatA rahatA / isa taraha guThaliyA~ mAra-mAra kara usane sAre vRkSa ke pattoM ko chalanI kara diyA / eka dina rAjA dvArA niSkAsita koI rAja

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AvazyakacUrNI putra vahA~ AyA aura vRkSa kI chAyA meM baiTha gyaa| vRkSa ke pattoM ko chide hue dekhakara usane pUchA ki ina pattoM meM kisane cheda kiye haiM ? gvAle ne uttara diyA-"maiMne / " rAjaputra ne use bahuta se dhana kA lobha dilAkara pUchA-"kyA tuma jisakI maiM kahU~ usakI A~kheM phor3a sakate ho ?" gvAle ne uttara diyA ki abhyAsa se saba sambhava hai| tatpazcAt rAjaputra ne use rAjamArga ke pAsa eka ghara meM baiThA diyaa| rAjA usa mArga se roja azvakrIr3A ke liye jAtA thaa| gvAle ne kamAna meM goliyA~ lagAkara rAjA kI A~khoM kA nizAnA lagAyA jisase usakI A~kheM phUTa gaI / rAjaputra ko rAjA kA pada mila gayA / AvazyakacUrNI AvazyakacUrNI ke kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara mAne jAte haiN| sUtrakRtAMga Adi cUrNiyoM kI bhA~ti isa cUrNI meM kevala zabdArtha kA hI pratipAdana nahIM hai, balki bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se nizIthacUrNI kI taraha yaha eka svatantra racanA mAlUma hotI hai| yahA~ RSabhadeva ke janmamahotsava se lekara unakI nirvANaprApti taka kI ghaTanAoM kA vistAra se varNana hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra unhoMne hI sarvaprathama agni kA utpAdana karanA sikhAyA aura zilpoM (kuMbhakAra, citrakAra, vastrakAra, karmakAra aura kAzyapa ye pA~ca mukhya zilpI batAye gaye haiM ) kI zikSA dii| unhoMne apanI kanyA brAhmI ko dAhine hAtha se likhanA aura suMdarI ko bAyeM hAtha se gaNita karanA sikhAyA, bharata ko citravidyA kI zikSA dI tathA daNDanIti pracalita kii| kauTilya arthazAstra kI utpatti bhI isI samaya se batAI gaI hai| RSabha ke nirvANa ke pazcAt aSTApada (kailAza) parvata para stUpoM kA 1. ratalAma se san 1928 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita / prophesara arnesTa laoNyamana ne AvazyakacUrNI kA samaya IsavI san 600-650 svIkAra kiyA hai|

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250 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nirmANa huA / bharata kI digvajaya aura unake rAjyAbhiSeka kA yahA~ vistAra se varNana hai| unhoMne AryavedoM kI racanA kI jinameM tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti, yati-zrAvaka dharma aura zAMtikarma Adi kA upadeza thA (sulasA aura yAjJavalkya Adi dvArA racita vedoM ko yahA~ anArya kahA hai)| brAhmaNoM (mAhaNa) kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| RSabhadeva kI bhAMti mahAvIra ke janma, vivAha, dIkSA aura upasargoM kA tathA dIkSA ke pazcAt mahAvIra ke deza-dezAntara meM vihAra kA yahA~ byorevAra vistRta varNana hai', jo anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai| mahAvIra ke bhramaNakAla meM unakI aneka pArthApatyoM se bheMTa huI / pArthApatya aSTAMgamahAnimitta ke paMDita hote the| municandra nAmaka pApitya sAraMbha aura sAparigraha the; ve kisI kumhAra kI dUkAna para rahA karate the| naMdiSeNa sthavira pArzvanAtha ke dUsare anuyAyI the| pArzvanAtha kI ziSyAoM kA ullekha bhI yahA~ milatA hai| citraphalaka dikhAkara apanI AjIvikA calAnevAlA maMkhaliputra gozAla nAlaMdA meM Akara mahAvIra se milaa| usake bAda donoM sAtha-sAtha vihAra karane lge| lAr3ha deza meM sthita vajjabhUmi aura submabhUmi meM unhoMne bahuta upasarga sahe / vAsudeva-Ayatana, baladeva pratimA, skaMdapratibhA, malli kI pratimA tathA DhoMDha sivA Adi kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA gayA hai / vaizAlI se gaMDaka pAra kara mahAvIra vANiyagrAma gaye the| ___ Age calakara vajrasvAmI kA vRttAMta, dazapura kI utpatti, AryarakSita, goSThAmahila, jamAli, tiSyagupta, ASAr3hAcArya, kauDinya, rAzika aura boTika Adi ke kathA-vRttAMta kA varNana hai / vajrasvAmI bAlyAvasthA meM hI munidharma meM dIkSita ho gaye the| ve eka bar3e samartha aura zaktizAlI AcArya the| pATaliputra se unhoMne uttarApatha meM vihAra kiyA aura vahA~ durbhikSa hone ke kAraNa vahA~ se purima nagarI cale gaye / AkAzagatA vidyA 1. dekhiye, jagadIzacandra jaina, bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha /

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AvazyakacUrNI meM ve pAraMgata the| eka bAra jaba ve dakSiNApatha meM vicaraNa kara ' rahe the, to vahA~ durbhikSa par3A aura apanI vidyA ke bala se piMDa lAkara ve bhikSuoM ko khilAne lage | AryarakSita ko unhoMne dRSTivAda kA adhyayana karAyA | unake eka ziSya kA nAma vajrasena thA jo vihAra karate hue sopAraya nagara (sopArA, jilA ThANA ; bambaI) meM Aye | AryarakSita ne mathurA meM vihAra kiyA thA | dazArNabhadra nagara kA varNana yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt celanA kA haraNa, kUNika kI utpatti, secanaka hAthI kI utpatti, aura kUNika kA yuddha, mahezvara kI utpatti Adi prasaMgoM kA varNana hai| vaizAlI ko parAjita karane ke lie kRNika ko mAgadhiyA nAma kI gaNikA kI sahAyatA lenI pdd'ii| ceTaka puSkariNI meM praveza karake baiTha gyaa| usane kUNika se kahA, jaba taka maiM puSkariNI se na nikalaM, nagarI kA dhvaMsa na krnaa| bAda meM mahezvara ne vaizAlIvAsiyoM ko nepAla le jAkara unakI rakSA kii| yahA~ zreNika ke putra abhayakumAra kI buddhimattA kI aneka kathAyeM varNita haiM jo pAli sAhitya ke mahosadha paMDita kI kathAoM se milatI haiM, aura Age cala kara mugalakAla meM inhIM kathAoM meM se aneka kathAyeM bIrabala ke nAma se pracalita huiiN| kUNika ke putra udAyI ne pATaliputra bsaayaa| usake koI patra nahIM thA, isalie usakA rAjya eka nApitadAsa ko milA / vaha nanda nAma kA rAjA kahalAyA / zakaTAla aura vararuci kA vRttAMta tathA sthUlabhadra kI dIkSA Adi kA yahA~ vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| saMyatta kI pariSThApanA-vidhi kA vistAra se pratipAdana hai| isa sambandha kI gAthAyeM bRhatkalpabhASya aura zivakoTi AcArya kI bhagavatIArAdhanA kI gAthAoM se milatI-julatI haiM / lATa 1. pATaliputra kI utpatti ke lie dekhie peJjara dvArA saMpAdita somadeva kA kathAsaritsAgara, jilda 1, adhyAya 3, pRSTha 18 ityAdi; mahAvagga pRSTha 226-30; udAna kI aTThakathA, pRSTha 407 ityaadi|

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252 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa deza meM mAmA kI lar3akI se, golla deza meM bhaginI se tathA vipra logoM meM vimAtA (mAtA kI sauta ) se vivAha karane kA rivAja pracalita thaa| AvazyakacUrNI kI kucha laukika kathAyeM yahA~ dI jAtI haiM (1) kisI brAhmaNI ke tIna kanyAyeM thiiN| vaha socA karatI ki vivAha karake ye kaise sukhI baneMgI / apanI kanyAoM ko usane sikhA diyA ki vivAha ke pazcAt prathama darzana meM tuma pAdaprahAra se pati kA svAgata karanA | pahale sabase jeThI kanyA ne apanI mA~ ke Adeza kA pAlana kiyA / lAta khAkara usakA pati apanI priyA kA paira dabAte hue kahane lagA-"priye ! kahIM tumhAre paira meM coTa to nahIM laga gii"| usane apanI mA~ se yaha bAta khii| mAtA ne kahA-"jA, tU apanI icchApUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kara, terA pati terA kucha nahIM kara sakatA / " maMjhalI lar3akI ne bhI aisA hI kiyaa| usake pati ne lAta khAkara pahale to apanI patnI ko bhalA-burA kahA, lekina vaha zIghra hI zAMta ho gyaa| lar3akI kI mA~ ne kahA ki beTI! tuma bhI ArAma se rhogii| aba tIsarI lar3akI kI bArI aaii| usake pati ne lAta khAkara use pITanA zurU kara diyA aura kahA ki kyA tuma nIca kula meM paidA huI ho jo apane pati para prahAra karatI ho| yaha kahakara pati ko zAMta kiyA gayA ki apane kuladharma ke anusAra hI lar3akI ne aisA kiyA hai, isalie isameM burA mAnane kI bAta nahIM / yaha sunakara lar3akI kI mAtA ne kahA ki tuma devatA ke samAna apane pati kI pUjA karanA aura usakA sAtha kabhI mata chor3anA / (2) eka bAra eka parvata aura mahAmegha meM jhagar3A ho gayA / megha ne parvata se kahA-"meM tujhe kevala eka dhAra meM bahA sakatA huuN|" . parvata-yadi tU mujhe tilabhara bhI hilA de to merA nAma parvata nhiiN|

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AvazyakacUrNI 253 yaha sunakara megha ko bahuta krodha aayaa| vaha sAta rAta taka mUsalAdhAra pAnI barasAtA rahA | usake bAda usane socA ki aba to parvata ke hoza jarUra ThikAne A gaye hoNge| lekina udhara pahAr3a ujjvala hokara aura camaka utthaa| yaha dekhakara mahAmegha lajita hokara vahA~ se calA gayA / (3) kisI nagara meM koI vaNik rahatA thaa| usane eka bAra zarta lagAI ki jo mAgha mahIne kI rAta meM pAnI ke andara baiThA rahe use maiM eka hajAra dInAreM dUMgA| eka daridra baniyA isake liye taiyAra ho gayA aura vaha rAta bhara pAnI meM baiThA rahA / vaNika ne pUchA-"tuma rAta bhara itanI ThaMDha meM kaise baiThe rahe, mare nahIM ?" usane uttara diyA-"nagara meM eka dIpaka jala rahA thA, use dekhate hue maiM pAnI meM baiThA rahA / " vaNika ne kahA-"yadi aisI bAta hai to hajAra dInAreM maiM na dUMgA, kyoMki tuma dIpaka ke prabhAva se pAnI meM baiThe rahe / " baniyA nirAza hokara apane ghara calA aayaa| usane ghara pahu~ca kara saba hAla apanI lar3akI ko sunaayaa| lar3akI ne kahA-"pitA jI ! Apa cintA na kreN| Apa usa vaNik ko usakI jAti-birAdarI ke logoM ke sAtha bhojana ke liye nimantrita kreN| bhojana ke samaya pAnI ke loTe ko jarA dUra rakha kara chor3a deM, aura bhojana karane ke pazcAt jaba vaha pAnI mAMge to usase kaheM ki dekho yaha rahA pAnI, ise dekhakara apanI pyAsa bujhA lo| baniye ne aisA hI kiyaa| isa para vaNika bahuta jhepA aura use eka hajAra dInareM denI pdd'ii| (4) kisI siddhaputra ke do ziSya the| eka bAra ve nadI ke taTa para gaye | vahA~ unheM eka bur3hiyA milI | vaha pAnI kA ghar3A liye jA rahI thii| bur3hiyA kA lar3akA paradeza gayA huA thA / usane ina logoM ko paNDita samajha kara apane lar3ake ke vApisa lauTane ke bAre meM prazna kiyA / itane meM bur3hiyA kA

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254 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ghar3A nIce gira kara phUTa gyaa| yaha dekhakara unameM se eka ne nimnalikhita gAthA par3hI tajjAteNa ya tajjAtaM, taNNibheNa ya taNNibhaM | tArUveNa ya tArUvaM sarisaM sariseNa Nidise // -jo jisase utpanna huA thA, usI meM mila gayA, vaha jisake samAna thA usI ke samAna ho gayA aura vaha jisake rUpa kA thA usI ke rUpa meM pahu~ca gayA ; sadRza sadRza ke sAtha mila gyaa| gAthA par3hakara usane uttara diyA-mAM, tumhArA putra mara gayA hai| ___ dUsare ziSya ne kahA nahIM mAM, tumhArA putra vApisa A gayA hai| baDhiyA ne ghara Akara dekhA to sacamuca usakA putra ghara AyA huA thA / vaha jhaTa se eka jor3A aura rupaye lekara AI aura saguna vicAranevAle ziSya ko usane bheMTa dii| donoM ziSya jaba lauTakara Aye to pahale ne guru jI se kahA-guru jI, Apa mujhe ThIka nahIM par3hAte | guru ke pUchane para usane sArI bAta kaha sunAI / guru ne dUsare ziSya se prazna kiyA ki tumheM kaise mAlUma ho gayA ki bur3hiyA kA lar3akA ghara A gayA hai| ziSya ne uttara diyA-"gurujI! phUTate hue ghar3e ko dekhakara maiMne socA ki jaise miTTI kA ghar3A phUTakara miTTI meM mila gayA hai, vaise hI bur3hiyA kA apane putra ke sAtha milApa honA cAhiye / " ____ yahA~ mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna hone ke 13 varSa pazcAt zrAvastI meM bhayaGkara bAr3ha Ane kA ullekha milatA hai / ' bhAsa ke pratijJA 1. pR. 601 ; Avazyaka-haribhadraTIkA, pR0 465, yahA~ AvazyakacUrNI kI 'varisa deva' Adi gAthA ko milAiye macchajAtaka (75) kI nimna gAthA ke sAtha

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dazavakAlikacUrNI yaugaMdharAyaNa ke. eka zloka ( 3.6) kA uddharaNa bhI yahA~ diyA gayA hai| dazavaikAlikacUrNI dazavakAlikacUrNI ke kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara mAne jAte haiN| lekina abhI hAla meM vajrasvAmI kI zAkhA meM honevAle sthavira agastyasiMha-viracita dazabaikAlikacUrNI kA patA lagA hai jo jaisalamera ke bhaMDAra meM milI hai / agastyasiMha kA samaya vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai, aura sabase mahattva kI bAta yaha hai ki yaha cUrNI vallabhI vAcanA ke lagabhaga 200-300 varSa pUrva likhI jA cukI thii| dazavaikAlika para jinadAsagaNiviracina kahI jAnevAlI cUrNI ko haribhadrasUri ne vRddhavivaraNa kahakara ullikhita kiyA hai| anya bhI kisI prAcIna vRtti kA ullekha yahA~ milatA hai| dazavaikAlika kI kitanI hI gAthAyeM mUlasUtra kI gAthAyeM na mAnI jAkara isa prAcIna vRtti kI gAthAyeM mAnI jAtI rahI haiM, isa bAta kA ullekha cUrNIkAra agastyasiMha ne jagaha-jagaha kiyA hai| abhitthanaya pajjunna ! vidhiM kAkassa nAsaya / kAkaM sokAya randhehi maJca sokA pamocaya // donoM meM eka hI paramparA surakSita hai| 1. yahA~ mahAvIra kI vihAra-caryA meM jo kaMbala-zabala kA ullekha hai usakI tulanA brAhmaNoM kI harivaMzapurANa ke kaMvala aura azvatara nAgoM ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai| 2. ratalAma se san 1933 meM prkaashit| . 3. dekhiye muni puNyavijayajI dvArA bRhatkalpasUtra, bhAga 6 kA aamukh| 4. yaha cUrNI muni puNyavijayajI prakAzita kara rahe haiN| isake kucha mudrita pharme unakI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko mile|

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256 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jinadAsagaNi kI prastuta cUrNI meM AvazyakacUrNI kA ullekha milatA hai isase patA lagatA hai ki AvazyakacUrNI ke pazcAt isakI racanA huii| yahA~ bhI zabdoM kI bar3I vicitra vyutpattiyAM dI gaI haiM / druma Adi zabdoM kI vyutpatti dekhiye dumA nAma bhUmIya AgAse ya dosu mAyA dumA / pAdehiM pibaMtIti pAdapAH, pAesu vA pAlIjjaMtIti pAdapA, pAdA mUlaM bhaNNati | ru tti puhavI kha ti AgAsaM tesu-dosu vi jahA ThiyA teNa rukkhA, ahavA ruH puDhavI taM khAyaMtIti rukkho| __ pravacana kA uDDAha hone para kisa prakAra pravacana kI rakSA kare, ise samajhAne ke liye hiMgusiva nAmaka vAnamantara kI kathA dI hai___egammi nagare ego mAlAgAro saNNAio pupphe ghettaNa vIhIe ei / so atIva vaccaio | tAhe so sigdhaM vosiriUNa sA pupphacitiyA tasseva uvari pallatthiyA / tAhe logo pucchaikimeyaM jeNetthaM pupphANi chaDDesi ? tAhe so bhaNai-ahaM oloDio / etthaM hiMgusivo NAma | -kisI nagara meM koI mAlI puSpa tor3a kara rAste meM jA rahA thA | itane meM use TaTTI kI hAjata huii| usane jaldI-jaldI TaTTI phira kara use puSpoM se Dhaka diyaa| logoM ne pUchA-yahA~ ye puSpa kyoM DAla rakkhe haiM ? mAlI ne uttara diyA-mujhe pretabAdhA ho gaI hai, yaha hiMgusiva nAmakA vyantara hai| __isI prakAra yadi kabhI pramAdavaza pravacana kI ha~sI ho jAya to usakI rakSA kre| eka taccannika (bauddha ) sAdhu kA citraNa dekhiye taccaNNiyo macche mArato raNNA di8o / tAhe raNNA bhaNiokiM macche mAresi ? taccaNNio bhaNai-avIlakkaM na sikkemi paatuN| 1. vilaMka = vyaJjana / . .

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dazavaikAlikacUrNI 257 257 "are, tuma majjaM piyasi ?" bhaNai-mahilAe atthio na lahAmi ThAuM / "mahilAvi te?" bhaNai-jAyaputtabhaMDaM kahaM chaDDemi ? "yuttAvi te?" bhaNai-kiM khu khattAiM khaNAmi ?" "khattakhANaovi te?" "aNNaM kiM khoDiputtANaM kammaM ?" "khoDiputtA'vi te ?" "kihaiM kulaputtao buddhasAsaNe pavvayai' ?" -kisI rAjA ne eka taccannika (tatkSaNikavAdI bauddha sAdhu) ko machalI mArate hue dekhA / usane prazna kiyA "kyA tuma machalI mArate ho ?' "binA usake pI nahIM sktaa|" "are ! kyA tuma madyapAna bhI karate ho ?" "kyA karUM, apanI mahilA ke kahane para karanA par3atA hai|" 1. tulanA kIjiyekanthA'cAryadhanA te ? nanu zapharavadhe jAlamaznAsi matsyAn ? te meM madyopadaMzAn pibasi ? nanu yuto veyazyA, yAsi vezyAma ? kRtvA'rINaM gale'ciM, kva nu tava ripavo ? yeSu saMdhiM chinani / caurastvaM ? dyUtahetoH kitava iti kathaM ? yena dAsIsuto'smi // dazavaikAlika, haribhadravRtti, pR0 108 / tathA bhikSo ! mAMsaniSevaNaM prakuruSe ? kiM tena madyaM vinA kiM te madyamapi priyaM ? priyamaho vArAMganAbhiH saha / vezyA dravyaruciH kutastava dhanam ? chUtena cauryeNa vA cauryacUtaparigraho'pi bhavato? naSTasya kA'nyA gatiH // -dhanaMjaya, dazarUpaka, 4, pR0 278, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vaaraannsii| 17 prA0 sA0

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258 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa "kyA tuma mahilA bhI rakhate ho?" "apane putroM ko kaise akelA chor3a dU~ / " "to tumhAre putra bhI haiM ?" "maiM to seMdha bhI lagAtA huuN|" "are, seMdha bhI lagAte ho ?" "dAsIputra phira kyA kareMge ?" "are tuma dAsIputra ho ?" "nahIM to kulaputra buddha-zAsana meM kahA~ se pravrajyA grahaNa karane cale ?" eka laukika kathA par3hiye ego maNUso tausANaM bharieNa sagaDeNa nagaraM pavisai / so pavisaMto dhutteNa bhaNNai-jo ya tausANaM sagaDaM khAejA tassa tumaM kiM desi ? tAhe sAgaDieNa so dhutto bhaNio-tassAhaM taM modagaM demi jo nagaradAreNaM na nipphiDai / dhutteNa bhaNNai-tAhe eyaM tausasagaDaM khAyAmi | tumaM puNa modagaM dejjAsi jo nagaradAreNa na nissri| pacchA sAgaDieNa abbhuvagae dhutteNa sakkhiNo kyaa| sagaDaM adhihito, tesiM tausANaM ekkekAu khaMDa khaMDaM avaNettA pacchA taM sAgaDiyaM modagaM mggi| tAhe sAgaDio bhaNai-ime tausA na khaitA tume | dhutteNa bhaNai-jai na khaiyA / tause agghavehi tumaM / agdhaviesu kaiyA aagyaa| pAsanti khaMDiyA tusaa| tAhe kaiyA bhaNaMti-ko ete khatie kiNatti ? tato kAraNe vavahAre jAo / khattiya tti jito saagddito| tAhe dhutteNa modagaM mggijji| aJcaio saagddio| juttikae olaggitA / te tuTThA pucchati / tesiM jahAvataM savvaM kahai | evaM kahie tehiM uttaraM sikkhAvio jahA tuma khaDDulagaM moyagaM nagaradAre ThAvettA bhaNa-esa modago na nIti NagaradAreNa giNhati / jito dhutto| --eka AdamI kakar3iyoM se apanI gAr3I bhara kara unheM kisI nagara meM becane ke lie claa| kisI dhUrta ne use dekha

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dazavaikAlikacUrNI liyaa| usane kahA-yadi maiM tumhArI ye gAr3Ibhara kakar3iyA~ khA lUM to kyA doge ? kakar3IvAle ne uttara diyA-maiM eka itanA bar3A laDDu dUMgA jo isa nagara ke dvAra se na nikala sake / dhUrta ne kahA-bahuta acchI bAta hai, maiM ina saba kakar3iyoM ko abhI khA letA huuN| isake bAda dhUrta ne kucha gavAha bulA liye | dhUrta ne kakar3iyoM ko thor3I-thor3I sI cakhakara vahIM vApisa rakha dI, aura vaha laDDU mAMgane lgaa| kakar3IvAle ne kahA-tumane kakar3iyA~ khAI hI kahA~ haiM jo tumheM laDDU duuN| dhUrta ne jabAba diyA ki aisI bAta hai to tuma inheM becakara dekho| itane meM bahuta se kakar3I kharIdanevAle A gye| kutarI huI kakar3iyA~ dekhakara ve kahane lage-ye to khAI huI kakar3iyA~ haiM, inheM kyoM becate ho ? isake bAda donoM nyAyAlaya meM phaisale ke lie gaye / dhUrta jIta gyaa| usane laDDU mAMgA | kakar3IvAle ne usako bahuta manAyA, lekina vaha na maanaa| dhUrta ne jAnakAra logoM se pUchA ki kyA karanA cAhie | unhoMne kakar3IvAle se kahA ki tuma eka choTe se laDDU ko nagara ke dvAra para rakha kara kaho ki yaha laDDU kahane se bhI nahIM calatA hai, phira tuma isa laDDU ko dhUrta ko de denaa| * subaMdhu ke AkhyAna meM yahA~ cANakya ke iMginimaraNa kA varNana hai / vidyA maMtrasaMbaMdhI joNIpAhuDa nAmaka grantha kA ullekha hai| nandIcUrNI nandIcUrNI meM mAthurI vAcanA kA ullekha AtA hai| bAraha varSe kA akAla par3ane para AhAra Adi na milane ke kAraNa jaina bhikSu mathurA chor3a kara anyatra vihAra karane gaye the| subhikSa hone para samasta sAdhu-samudAya AcArya skaMdila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM ekatrita huA aura jo jise smaraNa thA use kAlikazruta ke rUpa meM saMghaTita kara diyA gyaa| kucha logoM kA kathana hai

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260 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ki durbhikSa ke samaya zruta naSTa nahIM huA thA, mukhya-mukhya anuyogadhArI AcArya mRtyu ko prApta ho gae the, ataeva skaMdila AcArya ne mathurA meM Akara sAdhuoM ko anuyoga kI zikSA dI / ___ anuyogadvAracUrNI yahA~ talavara, kauTuMbika, ibhya, zreSThI, senApati, sArthavAha, vApI, puSkariNI, sAraNI, guMjAliyA, ArAma, udyAna, kAnana, vana, gopura, sabhA, prapA, ratha, yAna, zibikA Adi ke artha samajhAye haiN| yahA~ saMgIta saMbaMdhI tIna padya prAkRta meM uddhRta haiM jisase patA lagatA hai ki saMgItazAstra para bhI koI graMtha prAkRta meM rahA hogaa| 40%a400

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TIkA-sAhitya TIkA-graMthoM meM Avazyaka para haribhadrasUri aura malayagiri kI, uttarAdhyayana para zAMticandrasUri aura nemicandrasUri kI tathA dazavakAlika sUtra para haribhadra kI TIkAyeM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / AvazyakaTIkA meM se kucha laukika laghu kathAyeM yahA~ dI jAtI haiM (1) koI bandara kisI vRkSa para rahatA thA varSAkAla meM ThaMDhI havA se vaha kA~pa rahA thaa| use kAMpate dekha suMdara ghoMsalevAlI eka cir3iyA ( bayA) ne kahA vAnara ! puriso si tumaM niratthayaM vahasi baahudNddaaii| jo pAyavassa sihare na karesi kuDiM paDAliM vA // -he bandara ! tuma puruSa hokara bhI vyartha hI apanI bhujAoM ko dhAraNa karate ho tuma kyoM vRkSa ke Upara koI kuTiyA yA caTAI Adi kI TaTTI nahIM banA lete ? yaha sunakara bandara cupa rahA, lekina bayA ne vahI bAta do-tIna 'bAra duhraaii| isa para bandara ko bar3A gussA AyA aura jahA~ vaha bayA rahatI thI, usa vRkSa para car3ha gyaa| bayA vahA~ se ur3a gaI 1. 'Avazyaka kathAe~' nAmaka grantha kA pahalA bhAga ernesTa laoNyamAna ne san 1897 meM lAipsikha se prakAzita karAyA thaa| isake bAda haramana jaikobI ne ausagevailte erseluMgana ina mahArASTrI-tsura AinaphyuruMga ina DAsa sTUDiuma Desa prAkRta prAmATika TaiksTa voeratarabukha (mahArASTrI se cunI huI kahAniyA~-prAkRta ke adhyayana meM praveza karAne ke lie) san 1886 meM prakAzita kraayaa| isameM jaina AgamoM kI uttarakAlIna kathAoM kA samAveza hai| jainAgamoM aura TIkAoM se trunI huI kathAoM ke lie dekhie jagadIzacandra jaina, do hajAra barasa purAnI khaaniyaaN|

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262 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa aura bandara ne usake ghoMsale ke tinake kara-kara ke havA meM ur3A diye / phira vaha kahane lagA navi si mamaM mayahariyA, navi si mamaM sohiyA va NiddhAvA | sughare ! acchasu vigharA jA vaTTasi logtttiisu|| -tU na to merI bar3I hai, na mujhe acchI lagatI hai aura na maiM tujhase sneha hI karatA hU~ / he sughare ! tU aba binA ghara ke raha; dUsaroM kI tujhe bahuta cintA hai ! (2) kisI sImAprAnta ke grAma meM kucha AbhIra loga rahate the| sAdhuoM ke pAsa jAkara ve dharma zravaNa kiyA karate the| apane upadeza meM sAdhuoM ne devaloka kA varNana kiyaa| eka bAra kI bAta hai, indramaha ke utsava para ve loga dvArakA gye| vahA~ unhoMne logoM ko vastra aura sugaMdhita padArthoM Adi se susajjita dekhaa| unhoMne socA ki sAdhuoM ke dvArA varNita devaloka yahI hai ; aba yahA~ se vApisa jAnA ThIka nhiiN| kucha samaya bAda sAdhuoM ke pAsa jAkara unhoMne nivedana kiyA-mahArAja ! jisa devaloka kA varNana Apane kiyA thA usakA hamane sAkSAt darzana kara liyA hai| (3) mathurA meM jitazatru rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI dhAriNI bar3I zraddhAlu thii| mathurA meM bhaMDIravana' kI yAtrA : ke lie loga jA rahe the| rAjA aura rAnI bhI bar3I sajadhaja ke sAtha yAtrA ke lie cale / isa samaya kisI ibhyaputra ko yavanikA ke bAhara nikalA huA aura mahAvara se raMgA yAna meM baiThI huI rAnI kA sundara paira dikhAI diyA | usane socA ki jaba isakA paira itanA suMdara hai to phira vaha kitanI suMdara hogI ! ghara pahu~ca kara usane rAnI kA patA lgaayaa| ibhyaputra usake ghara ke pAsa eka dUkAna lekara rahane lgaa| usakI dAsiyA~ jaba kucha kharIdane AtI to vaha unheM dugunI cIz2a detA, unakA Adara-satkAra bhI 1. vRndAvana kA prasiddha nyagodhra vRkSa bhaMDIra kahA jAtA thA (mahAbhArata 11-53-4) /

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AvazyakaTIkA 263 bahuta krtaa| dAsiyoM ne yaha bAta rAnI se jAkara khii| rAnI usI kI dukAna se sAmAna maMgavAne lgii| eka dina ibhyaputra ne dAsiyoM ke sAmane kucha pur3iyA meM rakhate hue kahA"aisA kauna hai jo ina bahumUlya sugaMdhita padArthoM kI pur3iyAoM ko khola sake ?" dAsiyoM ne uttara diyA-"hamArI rAnI inheM khola sakatI hai|" ibhyaputra ne eka pur3iyA meM bhojapatra para nimnalikhita zloka likha diyA kAle prasuptasya janArdasya, meghAMdhakArAsu ca zarvarISu / mithyA na bhASAmi vizAlanetre ! te pratyayA ye prathamAkSareSu // -kAmemi te (pratyeka caraNa ke prathama akSara milAkara) arthAt maiM tujhe cAhatA hU~ | dAsiyA~ pur3iyAoM ko rAnI ke pAsa le gii| rAnI ne zloka par3ha kara viSayabhogoM ko dhikkArA / pratyuttara meM usane likhA neha loke sukhaM kiMcicchAditasyAMhasA bhRzam / mitaM ca jIvitaM nRNAM tena dharme matiM kuru // -necchAmi te (pratyeka caraNa kA prathama akSara milA kara) * arthAt maiM tujhe nahIM caahtii| (4) koI vaNik apanI do bhAryAoM (yahA~ dUsarI kathA meM do bhAiyoM ke eka hI bhAryA hone kA bhI ullekha hai, pR0 420) ke sAtha kisI dUsare rAjya meM rahane ke liye calA gayA / vahA~ jAkara usakI mRtyu ho gii| usakI eka bhAryA ke putra thA lekina vaha bahuta choTA thA / putra ko lekara donoM sautoM meM jhagar3A hone lgaa| jaba koI nirNaya na ho sakA to mantrI ne kahA, rupaye-paise kI taraha lar3ake ko bhI AdhA-AdhA karake do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta do| yaha sunakara lar3ake kI asalI mAM kahane lagImerA putra isI ke pAsa rahe, use mArane se kyA lAbha ? anta meM vaha putra usI ko mila gayA ! |

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264 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (5) do mitroM ko eka khajAnA milaa| unhoMne socA, kala kisI acche nakSatra meM Akara ise le aayeNge| lekina unameM . se eka pahale hI vahA~ pahu~ca kara khajAne ko nikAla lAyA aura usakI jagaha usane koyale rakha diye| agale dina jaba donoM vahA~ Aye to dekhA koyale par3e hue haiN| yaha dekhakara dhUrta mitra ne kahA-kyA kiyA jAye, hamaloga itane abhAge haiM ki khajAne ke koyale ho gaye ! dUsarA mitra tAr3a gayA, lekina usane usa samaya kucha nahIM kahA / usane usa dhUrta kI eka mUrti banAI aura kahIM se vaha do bandara pakar3a lAyA / vaha usa mUrti ke Upara khAnA rakha detA aura bandara khAne ke liye mUrti ke Upara car3ha jAte / eka dina bhojana taiyAra karA kara vaha apane mitra ke do putroM ko kisI bahAne se ghara le AyA | usane una donoM ko chipA diyA, aura mitra ke pUchane para kaha diyA ki ve bandara bana gaye haiM / jaba dhUrta ke lar3ake vApisa nahIM mile to vaha svayaM apane mitra ke ghara aayaa| usake mitra ne use eka divAla ke pAsa baiThAkara usake Upara bandara chor3a diye| kilakArI mArate hue bandara usake sira para car3hakara kUdanephAMdane lge| ina bandaroM kI ora izArA kara ke dhUrta ke mitra ne kahA-ye hI tumhAre putra haiM / dhUta ne pUchA-lar3ake bandara . kaise bana gaye ? usane uttara diyA-jaise khajAne kA rupayA koyalA bana gayA / yaha sunakara dhUrta ne khajAne kA hissA use de diyaa| (6) kisI sAdhu ke pAsa eka bahuta mUlyavAna kacolaka (eka pAtra) thaa| usane kahA-jo koI mujhe anasunI bAta sunAyegA, use maiM yaha kacolaka de duuNgaa| yaha sunakara eka siddhaputra ne gAthA par3hI tujha piyA majma piuNo dhArei aNUNayaM sayasahasaM / jai suyapuvvaM dijjau aha Na suyaM khoragaM dehi / / -tere pitA ko mere pitA kA zatasahasra se adhika (karja)

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AvazyakaTIkA 265 denA hai| yadi tumane yaha bAta pahale sunI hai to zatazahasra cApisa karo, anyathA apanA pAtra mujhe do| (7) kisI siddhaputra ke do ziSya the / unhoMne nimittazAstra kI zikSA prApta kI thii| eka bAra ve ghAsa-lakar3I lene ke liye jaMgala meM gaye | vahA~ unhoMne hAthI ke pAMva dekhe / eka ziSya ne kahA-ye to hathinI ke pAMva haiM ? "tumane kaise jAnA" "usakI laghuzaMkA se| aura vaha hathinI eka A~kha se kAnI hai|" "kaise patA lagA ?" "usane eka tarapha kI hI ghAsa khAyI hai ?" ziSya ne laghuzaMkA dekhakara yaha bhI patA lagA liyA ki usa hathinI para eka strI aura eka puruSa baiThe hue the| usane kahA "aura vaha strI garbhavatI thii|" "kaise jAnA" "vaha hAthoM ke bala uThI thI | aura usake putra paidA hogaa|" "kaise patA lagA?" "usakA dAhinA pAMva bhArI thA / aura vaha lAla raMga ke vastra pahane thii|" "yaha tumheM kaise patA lagA ?" "lAla dhAge Asa-pAsa ke vRkSoM para lage hue the / " / (8) kisI nagara meM koI julAhA rahatA thaa| usakI zAlA meM kucha dhUrta kapar3A bunA karate the| unameM se eka dhUrta bar3e madhura svara se gAyA karatA thaa| julAhe kI lar3akI usakA gAnA sunakara usa para mohita ho gii| dhUrta ne kahA, calo kahIM bhAga caleM, nahIM to kisI ko patA laga jaayegaa| julAhe kI lar3akI ne kahA-"merI sakhI eka rAjakumArI hai / hama donoM ne taya kara rakkhA hai ki hama kisI eka hI purupa se zAdI kreNgii| usake

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266 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa binA maiM kaise jA sakatI huuN|" dhUrta ne kahA-"to use bhI bulA lo| julAhe kI lar3akI ne apanI sakhI ke pAsa khabara bhijvaaii| vaha bhI A gii| tInoM bahuta sabere uThakara bhAga gye| itane meM kisI ne nimna gAthA par3hI jai phullA kaNiyArayA cUyaya ! ahimAsayaMmi puThThami | tuha na khamaM phulleuM jai paccaMtA kariti ddmraaii|| -he Amra! yadi kaNera ke vRkSa phUla gaye haiM to vasaMta ke Agamana hone para tU phUlane ke yogya nahIM hai| yadi nIca loga koI azobhana kArya kareM to kyA tU bhI vahI karegA ? ___ yaha sunakara rAjakumArI apane mana meM socane lagI"Ama ke vRkSa ko vasaMta ulAhanA de rahI hai ki saba vRkSoM meM kutsita samajhA jAnevAlA kaNera bhI yadi phUlatA hai, to phira tumhAre jaise uttama vRkSa ke phUlane se kyA lAbha ? kyA vasaMta kI yaha ghoSaNA maiMne nahIM sunI? are ThIka to hai, yadi yaha julAhe kI lar3akI aisA kAma karatI hai to kyA mujhe bhI usakA anukaraNa karanA cAhie ?" yaha socakara vaha apanI ranoM kI piTArI lene ke bahAne rAjamahala meM lauTa gii| usake bAda kisI rAjakumAra ke sAtha usakA vivAha ho gayA aura vaha mahArAnI bana gii| (6) kisI kanyA kI eka sAtha tIna sthAnoM se maMganI A gii| kisI ko bhI manA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA, isaliye mAtA-pitA ne tInoM kI maMganI svIkAra kara lii| tInoM vara bArAta lekara car3ha Aye | saMyoga se usa rAta ko sA~pa ke kATane se kanyA mara gaI / usakA eka vara usake sAtha citA meM jala gyaa| dUsare ne anazana karanA AraMbha kara diyaa| tIsare ne kisI deva kI ArAdhanA kara saMjIvana mantra prApta kiyA aura kanyA ko jIvita kara diyA / kanyA ke jIvita ho jAne para tInoM vara upasthita hokara kanyA ko mA~gane lge| batAiye kanyA kise dI jAye ? eka ko, do ko athavA tInoM ko ?

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anyaTIkArya 267 uttara-jisane kanyA ko jilAyA vaha usakA pitA hai, jisake sAtha vaha jIvita huI vaha usakA bhAI hai, isalie jisane anazana kiyA thA kanyA use hI dI jAnI caahie| dazavaikAlikasUtra kI vRtti meM bhI haribhadra ne aneka sarasa lokakathAyeM, udAharaNa aura dRSTAMta Adi uddhRta kiye haiM / abhayadevasUri ne sthAnAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM deza-deza kI striyoM ke svabhAva kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| yahA~ para unhoMne caulukya kI kanyAoM ke sAhasa kI aura lATa deza kI striyoM kI ramaNIyatA kI prazaMsA kI hai, tathA uttaradeza kI nAriyoM ko dhikkArA hai aho caulukyaputrINAM sAhasaM jagato'dhikam / patyurmutyau vizantyagnau yA premarahitA api / candravaktrA sarojAkSI sadgI: piinghnstnii| kiM lATI no matA sA'sya devAnAmapi durlabhA / dhiGnArIraudIcyA bahuvasanAcchAditAMgalatikatvAt / yadyauvanaM na yUnAM cakSumodAya bhavati sadA / / zIlAMka ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM apabhraMza kI nimna gAthA uddhRta kI hai vari visa khaiyaM na visayasuhu, ikkasi visiNa maraMti / visayAmisa puNa ghAriyA, para Naraehi paDaMti // -viSa khAkara maranA acchA hai, viSaya-sukha kA sevana karanA acchA nhiiN| pahale prakAra ke loga viSa khAkara mara jAte haiM, lekina dUsare prakAra ke viSayAsakti se pIr3ita ho mara kara naraka meM dukha bhogate haiN| gacchAcAra kI vRtti meM bhadrabAhu aura varAhamihira nAma ke do sage bhAiyoM ke vRttAMta kA vistAra se kathana hai / varAhamihira candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti ke jJAtA tathA aMgopAMga aura dravyAnuyoga meM pAraMgata the / candrasUryaprajJapti ke AdhAra se unhoMne vArAhIsaMhitA nAmaka jyotipa ke grantha kI racanA kI thii|

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268 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ___ isa prakAra Agama aura unakI vyAkhyAoM ke rUpa meM likhe gaye isa vizAla sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se hameM kaI bAtoM kA patA calatA hai| sabase pahale to yahI ki loka-pracalita bhArata kI prAcIna kathA-kahAniyoM ko jaina vidvAnoM ne prAkRta kathAoM ke rUpa meM surakSita rakkhA / ina kathAoM meM se bahuta sI kathAe~ jAtakakathA, saritsAgara, paMcataMtra, hitopadeza, zukasaptati Adi meM pAI jAtI haiM, aura Isapa kI kahAniyA~, arebiyana nAiTsa, kalelA damanA kI kahAnI Adi ke rUpa meM sudUra dezoM meM bhI pahu~cI haiN| jaina muniyoM ne apane upadezoM ke dRSTAMta rUpa meM ina kahAniyoM kA yatheSTa upayoga kiyA hai| dUsare prakAra kI kathAyeM paurANika kathAyeM haiM jinheM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi brAhmaNoM ke graMthoM se lekara jainarUpa meM DhAlA gayA hai| rAma, kRSNa, draupadI, dvIpAyana RSi dvArakAdahana, gaMgA kI utpatti Adi kI kathAoM kA isI prakAra kI kathAoM meM antarbhAva hotA hai| karakaMDU Adi pratyekabuddhoM kI kathAe~ bauddha jAtakoM kI kathAoM se milatI-julatI haiN| dvIpAyana RSi kI kathA kaNhadIpAyanajAtaka, valkalacIrI kI kathA bauddhoM kI udAna-aTThakathA aura kuNAla kI kathA divyAvadAna meM AtI hai| aneka kathAyeM mUla sarvAstivAda ke vinayavastu meM kahI gaI haiN| rohaka aura kanakamaMjarI kI kathAe~ atyanta manoraMjaka aura kalpanAzakti kI paricAyaka haiM jinakI tulanA krama se bauddha jAtakoM ke mahosava paMDita aura arebiyana nAiTsa kI zaharajAde se kI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra zakaTAla, candragupta, cANakya, steyazAstra ke pravartaka mUladeva, maMDita cora, devadattA gaNikA aura agaDadatta Adi kI kathAyeM vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| DAkTara vinTaranIja ke zabdoM meM kahA jAya to "jaina-TIkA-sAhitya meM bhAratIya prAcIna kathA-sAhitya ke aneka ujjvala ratna vidyamAna haiM jo anyatra upalabdha nahIM hote|"

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cauthA adhyAya digambara sampradAya ke prAcIna zAstra (IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI se lekara 16vIM zatAbdI taka) digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAya pUrvakAla meM zvetAmbara aura digambaroM meM koI matabheda nahIM thA, donoM hI jJAtaputra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA upadiSTa nirgrantha pravacana ke anuyAyI the| mahAvIra ke pazcAt gautama, sudharmA aura jambUsvAmI ko donoM hI sampradAya svIkAra karate haiM, AcArya bhadrabAhu ko bhI mAnate haiM / IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI meM mathurA meM jo jaina zilAlekha mile haiM unase bhI yahI jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya taka zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya kA AvirbhAva nahIM huA thaa| isake sivAya donoM sampradAyoM ke upalabdha sAhitya meM 1. digambara paramparA meM jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt viSNu, nandimitra, aparAjita, govarddhana aura bhadrabAhu kA nAma liyA jAtA hai, jaba ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM prabhavasvAmI, zayyaMbhavasUri, yazobhadrasUri saMbhUtavijayasUri aura bhadrabAhusvAmI kA nAma hai| __2. zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt zivabhUti ne rathavIrapura nagara meM boTika ( digambara ) mata kI sthApanA kI ( dekhiye, AvazyakabhApya 145 Adi; AvazyakacUrNI, pRSTha 427 aadi)| digambaroM kI mAnyatA judI hai| digambara AcArya devasena ke matAnusAra rAjA vikramAditya kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa bAda

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270 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prAcIna paramparAgata viSaya aura gAthAoM Adi kI samAnatA pAI jAtI hai| udAharaNa ke liye, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura sUlAcAra kA pratipAdya vipaya aura gAthAyeM saMthAraga, bhattapariNNA, maraNasamAhI, piMDaniyukti, Avazyakaniyukti aura bRhatkalpabhASya Adi ke viSaya aura gAthAoM ke sAtha akSarazaH milate haiN| isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki donoM sampradAyoM kA sAmAnya srota eka hI thaa| lekina Age calakara IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa, vizeSa karake acelatva ke prazna ko lekara', donoM meM matabheda ho gyaa| Age calakara AgamoM ko svIkAra karane ke sambandha meM bhI donoM kI mAnyatAyeM judI par3a gii| valabhI nagara meM zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huii| isa saMbaMdha meM eka dUsarI bhI mAnyatA hai| ujjainI meM candragupta ke rAjyakAla meM bhadrabAhu ke ziSya vizAkhAcArya apane saMgha ko lekara punnATa cale gaye, tathA rAmilla, sthUlabhadra aura bhadrAcArya sindhudeza meM vihAra kara gye| jaba saba loga ujjainI lauTakara Aye to vahA~ duSkAla par3A huA thaa| isa saMgha ke AcArya ne nagnatva DhAMkane ke liye ardhaphAlaka dhAraNa karane kA Adeza diyaa| lekina duSkAla samApta hone ke pazcAt isa kI koI AvazyakatA na samajhI gii| phira bhI kucha logoM ne ardhaphAlaka kA syAga nahIM kiyaa| isI samaya se zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti huI mAnI jAtI hai / dekhiye hariSeNa, bRhatkathAkoSa 131; devasena, darzanasAra ; bhadhAraka ratnanandi, bhadrabAhucarita / mathurA zilAlekhoM ke liye dekhiye Arkiyolojikala sarve riporTsa, jilda 3, pleTsa 13-14; buhalara, da iNDiyana saikTa oNva dra jainsa, pR0 42-60, viyanA oriTiela jaranala, jilda 3 aura 4 meM buhalara kA lekha 1. zvetAmbaroM AgamoM meM sacelatva aura acelatva donoM mAnyatAyeM pAI jAtI haiN| 2. meghavijayagaNi ke yuktiprabodha ( ratalAma, vi0 saM0 1984) meM digambara aura zvetAmbara ke 84 matabhedoM kA varNana hai|

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digaMbaroM kI Agama mAnyatA 272 digambara sampradAya meM zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA svIkRta 45 AgamoM ko mAnya nahIM kiyA gyaa| digambaroM ke matAnusAra Agama-sAhitya vicchinna ho gayA hai / lekina digambara granthoM meM prAcIna AgamoM kA nAmollekha milatA hai| jaise zvetAmbarIya nandisUtra meM AgamoM kI gaNanA meM 12 upAMgoM kA ullekha nahIM hai vaise hI digambara paramparA meM bhI upAMgoM ko AgamoM meM nahIM ginA gayA hai| zvetAmbaroM kI bhAti digambaroM ke dvAdazAMga Agama kI racanA bhI gaNadharoM dvArA ardhamAgadhI meM kI gaI hai| donoM hI sampradAya bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda ke pA~ca bheda svIkAra karate haiM jinameM 14 pUrvo kA antarbhAva hotA hai| zvetAmbaroM kA AgamasAhitya ardhamAgadhI meM likhA gayA hai, jaba ki digambaroM ke prAcIna sAhitya kI bhASA zaurasenI mAnI jAtI hai| AgamoM kI saMkhyA kA vibhAjana aura unake hrAsa Adi ke saMbaMdha meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI mAnyatA pahale dI jA cukI hai| digambara mAnyatA yahA~ dI jAtI hai| digambara sampradAya ke anusAra AgamoM ke do bheda haiMaMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa | aMgabAhya ke caudaha bheda haiM-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, * dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra, kalpAkalpa, mahAkalpa, puMDarIka, mahApuMDarIka aura niSiddhikA (nnisihiy)|' aMgapraviSTa ke bAraha bheda haiM-AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vyAkhyA 1. SakhaMDAgama, bhAga 1, pRSTha- 96 ; tathA dekhiye pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi (1.20); akalaMka, rAjavArtika (1.20); nemicandra, gommaTasAra, jIvakAMDa (pRSTha 134 aadi)| isa vibhAga meM zvetAmbara sampradAya dvArA mAnya dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa, vyavahAra aura nisIha jaise prAcIna sUtroM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA aura pratikramaNa kA antarbhAva Avazyaka meM hotA hai|

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272 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prajJapti, nAthadharmakathA, upAsakAdhyayana, aMtaHkRdazA, anuttaropapAtika dazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra aura dRSTivAda / dRSTivAda ke pA~ca adhikAra hai-parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata, aura cUlikA | parikarma ke pA~ca bheda haiM-candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, dvIpasAgaraprajJapti aura vyaakhyaaprjnypti|' sUtra adhikAra meM jIva tathA trairAzikavAda, niyativAda, vijJAnavAda,zabdavAda, pradhAnavAda, dravyavAda aura purupavAda kA varNana hai| prathamAnuyoga meM purANoM kA upadeza hai| pUrvagata adhikAra meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA kathana hai ; inakI saMkhyA 14 hai / cUlikA ke pA~ca bheda hai-jalagatA, sthalagatA, mAyAgatA, rUpagatA aura aakaashgtaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra dvAdazAMga Agama kA uccheda ho gayA hai, kevala dRSTivAda kA kucha aMza bAkI bacA hai, jo SaTkhaMDAgama ke rUpa meM maujUda hai| digambara sampradAya meM prakArAntara se jaina Agama ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| 1 prathamAnuyoga meM raviSeNa kI padmapurANa, jinasena kI 1. candraprajJapti Adi prathama cAra AgamoM kA zvetAmbara sampradAya ke upAMgoM meM antarbhAva hotA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti ko pA~cavAM aMga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 2. gyArahaveM pUrva ko zvetAmbara paramparA meM avaMza (avaMdhya ) aura digambara paramparA meM kallANavAda kahA hai| kahIM pUrvo ke antargata vastuoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI donoM meM matabheda hai| 3. zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra cUlikAoM kA pUrvI meM samAveza ho jAtA hai / digambaroM ke anusAra unakA pUrvI se koI sambandha nhiiN| 4. digambara paramparA meM SaTkhaMDAgama aura kaSAyaprAbhUta hI aise graMtha haiM jinakA sambandha sIdhA mahAvIra kI dvAdazAMga vANI se hai, zeSa samasta zrutajJAna kramazaH vilupta aura chinna huA mAnA jAtA hai| vizeSa ke liye dekhiye, DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina, pakhaMDAgama kI prastAvanA, bhAga 1 /

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digaMbaroM kI Agama-mAnyatA 273 harivaMzapurANa, aura AdipurANa tathA jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra kI uttarapurANa kA antarbhAva hotA hai ; 2 karaNAnuyoga meM sUryaprajJapti, caMdraprajJapti aura jayadhavalA kA antarbhAva hotA hai; 3 dravyAnuyoga meM kundakunda kI racanAyeM (pravacanasAra, paJcAstikAya, samayasAra Adi), umAsvAmi kA tatvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAyeM, samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA aura usakI TIkAoM kA samAveza hotA hai; 4 caraNAnuyoga meM vaTTakera kA mUlAcAra aura trivarNAcAra tathA samantabhadra ke ranakaraNDanAvakAcAra kA antarbhAva hotA hai|' Odhedpo 1. zvetAmbara sampradAya meM caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM kAlikazruta, dharmAnuyoga meM RSibhASita, gaNitAnuyoga meM sUryaprajJapti aura dravyAnuyoga meM dRSTivAda Adi ke udAharaNa diye haiM; uttarAdhyayanacUrNI, pR0 / 28 prA0 sA0

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SaTkhaMDAgama kA mahatva SaTakhaMDAgama ko satkarmaprAbhRta, khaMDasiddhAnta athavA SaTkhaMDasiddhAnta bhI kahA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza unake gaNadhara gautama indrabhUti ne dvAdazAMga ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyaa| mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda taka aMgajJAna kI pravRtti jArI rahI, tatpazcAt guru-ziSya paraMparA se maukhika rUpa se diyA jAtA huA yaha upadeza kramazaH vilupta ho gyaa| isa dvAdazAMga kA kucha aMza girinagara (giranAra, kAThiyAvAr3a) kI candraguphA meM dhyAnamagna AcArAMga ke pUrNa jJAtA dharasena AcArya ko smaraNa thaa| yaha socakara ki kahIM zrutajJAna kA lopa na ho jAye dharasena ne mahimA nagarI ke muni-sammelana ko patra likhA jisake phalasvarUpa AMdhradeza se puSpadanta aura bhUtabali nAmaka do muni unake pAsa pahu~ca gye| dharasena AcArya ne apane ina medhAvI ziSyoM ko dRSTivAda ke antargata pUrvo aura viAhapannatti ke kucha aMzoM kI zikSA dI / dharasena maMtrazAstra ke bhI bar3e paNDita the| unhoMne joNipAhuDa' nAmaka grantha kUSmAMDinI devI se prApta kara use puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali ke lie likhA thaa| . dharasena kA samaya IsavI san kI pahalI aura dUsarI zatAbdI ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai| Age calakara inhIM puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali ne SakhaMDAgama kI racanA kI; puSpadaMta ne 177 sUtroM meM satprarUpaNA aura bhUtabali ne 6000 sUtroM meM zeSa graMtha likhA | isa prakAra caudaha pUrvo ke aMtargata dvitIya aprAyaNI pUrva ke karmaprakRti nAmaka adhikAra ke AdhAra se paTkhaMDAgama ke bahubhAga kA uddhAra kiyA gyaa| 1. isakA paricaya Age calakara 'zAstrIya prAkRta sAhitya' nAma ke gyArahaveM adhyAya meM diyA gayA hai|

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275 pakhaMDAgama kI TIkAe~ SaTkhaMDAgama kI TIkAe~ SaTkhaMDAgama jaise mahatvapUrNa grantha para samaya-samaya para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gii| inameM kuMdakuMdAcAryakRta parikarma, zAmakuMDakRta paddhati, tumbullUrAcAryakRta cUDAmaNi, samaMtabhadrasvAmIkRta TIkA aura bappadevagurukRta vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmaka TIkAe~ mukhya haiM ; ina TIkAkAroM kA samaya kramazaH IsavI san kI lagabhaga dUsarI, tIsarI, cauthI, pA~cavIM aura chaThI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| durbhAgya se ye sabhI TIkAe~ anupalabdha haiN| SaTkhaMDAgama para sabase mahattvapUrNa TIkA dhavalA hai jisake racayitA vIrasena haiN| inake guru kA nAma Aryanandi hai; AdipurANa ke kartA suprasiddha jinasena AcArya inake ziSya the| jinasena ne apane guru kI sarvArthagAminI naisargika prajJA ko bahuta sarAhA hai| vIrasena ne bappadevaguru kI vyAkhyAprajJapti TIkA ke AdhAra se cUrNiyoM ke DhaMga kI prAkRta aura saMskRtamizrita 72 hajAra zlokapramANa dhavalA nAma kI TIkA likhii| TIkAkAra kI likhI huI prazasti ke anusAra san 816 meM yaha TIkA vATagrAmapura meM likhakara samApta huii| dhavalA TIkA ke kartA vIrasena bahuzruta vidvAn the aura unhoMne digambara aura zvetAmbara AcAryoM ke vizAla sAhitya kA AloDana kiyA thaa| satkarmaprAbhRta, kaSAyaprAbhRta, sanmatisUtra, trilokaprajJaptisUtra, paMcatthipAhuDa, gRddhapiccha AcArya kA tatvArthasUtra, AcArAMga (mUlAcAra), pUjyapAdakRta sArasaMgraha, akalaMkakRta tatvArthabhASya, jIvasamAsa, chedasUtra, karmapravAda aura dazakarNIsaMgraha Adi kitane hI mahatvapUrNa siddhAMta-granthoM kA ullekha vIrasena kI TIkA meM upalabdha hotA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya dvArA mAnya AcArAMga, bRhatkalpasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra, anuyogadvAra aura Avazyakaniyukti Adi kI gAthAyeM bhI isameM uddhRta haiN| bRhatkalpasUtragata (1.1 ) 'tAlapalaMba' sUtra kA yahA~ ullekha hai / isake atirikta TIkAkAra ne jagaha-jagaha uttara-pratipatti aura dakSiNa-pratipatti nAma kI mAnyatAoM kA

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276 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ullekha karate hue dakSiNa-pratipatti ko Rju aura AcAryaparamparAgata, tathA uttara-pratipatti ko anRju aura AcAryaparamparA ke bAhya batAyA hai| sUtra-pustakoM ke bhinna-bhinna pAThoM aura matabhedoM kA ullekha karate hue yathAzakti unakA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| nAgahasti ke upadeza ko yahA~ pavAijjaMta arthAt AcArya paramparAgata tathA AryamaMkSu ke upadeza ko apavAijjamANa kahA hai| isase ina donoM mahAn AcAryoM ke matabheda kA sUcana hotA hai| SaTkhaMDAgama ke chaH khaMDa SaTakhaMDAgama ke chaH khaMDa haiN| pahale khaMDa kA nAma jIvaTThANa hai| isameM sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva aura alpabahutva ye ATha anuyogadvAra aura nau cUlikAyeM haiM / isa khaMDa kA parimANa 18 hajAra hai| pUrvokta ATha anuyogadvAra aura nau cUlikAoM meM guNasthAnoM aura mArgaNAoM kA varNana hai| dUsarA khaMDa khuddAbaMdha (kSullakabaMdha ) hai / isake gyAraha adhikAra haiN| yahA~ gyAraha prarUpaNAoM dvArA karmabaMdha karanevAle jIva kA karmabaMdha ke bhedoM sahita varNana hai| tIsarA khaMDa baMdhasvAmi- . tvavicaya hai| yahA~ karmasambandhI viSayoM kA karmabaMdha karanevAle jIva kI apekSA se varNana hai| cauthA khaMDa vedanA hai| isameM kRta aura vedanA nAma ke do anuyogadvAra haiM; vedanA ke kathana kI yahA~ pradhAnatA hai| pA~caveM khaMDa kA nAma vargaNA hai| isa khaMDa kA pradhAna adhikAra baMdhanIya hai jisameM 23 prakAra kI vargaNAoM kA varNana hai| chaThe khaMDa kA nAma mahAbaMdha hai| bhUtabali ne puSpadaMtaracita sUtroM ko milAkara, pA~ca khaMDoM ke 6000 sUtra racane ke pazcAt mahAbaMdha kI tIsa hajAra zlokapramANa racanA kI | isI grantharAja ko mahAdhavala ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ prakRti, sthiti anubhAga aura pradeza baMdhoM kA bahuta vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai /

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kasAyapAhuDa 277 sena AcArya ne ina chahoM khaNDoM para 72 hajAra zlokavalA TIkA kI racanA kii| Age calakara nemicandra vakravartI ne paTakhaMDAgama ke ukta khaNDoM ke AdhAra se ra likhA jise jIvakANDa aura karmakANDa nAma ke do meM vibhakta kiyA gayA / kI dRSTi se prastuta grantha tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA nA hai| pahale puSpadantAcArya ke sUtra, phira vIrasena kI dhavalA TIkA, aura phira isa TIkA meM uddhRta gadya gya prAcIna uddharaNa | puSpadanta ke sUtroM kI saMkhyA 177 kI bhASA prAkRta hai| dhavalA TIkA kA lagabhaga tIna ga prAkRta meM aura zeSa bhAga saMskRta meM hai| TIkA kI vyatayA zaurasenI hai| zailI isakI parimArjita aura kasAyapAhuDa ( kaSAyaprAbhRta) rya dharasena ke samaya ke AsapAsa guNadhara nAma ke AcArya hue, unheM bhI dvAdazAMga zruta kA kucha jJAna ne kaSAyaprabhRta nAmake dvitIya siddhAMta-grantha kI racanA yamaMkSu aura nAgahasti' ne isa grantha kA vyAkhyAna thA AcArya yativRSabha ne isa para cUrNisUtra likhe| ta ke Upara bhI vIrasena ne TIkA likhI, kintu ve use zlokapramANa likhakara hI bIca meM svargavAsI ho gye| ( kArya ko unake suyogya ziSya AcArya jinasena ne { 837 meM pUrNa kiyaa| yahI TIkA jayadhavalA ke nAma tI hai; saba milAkara yaha 60 hajAra zlokapramANa / par3atA hai kaSAyaprAbhUta ke TIkAkAra vIrasena aura ke samakSa AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti nAmaka donoM tAmbaroM kI nandisUtra kI sthavirAvali meM pahale AryamaMkSu, handi aura usake bAda Arya nAgahasti kA nAma AtA hai|

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278 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AcAryoM ke alaga alaga vyAkhyAna maujUda the| unhoMne aneka sthaloM para una donoM ke matabhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| Age calakara isa grantha kA vizeSa paricaya diyA jaayegaa| SaTkhaMDAgama kA paricaya SaTkhaMDAgama kI prathama pustaka ke jIvasthAna ke antargata satprarUpaNa meM 177 sUtra haiM jisameM caudaha guNasthAnoM aura mArgaNAoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai| prathama sUtra meM paMca parameSThiyoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai, phira mArgaNAoM kA prayojana batAyA hai| tatpazcAt ATha anuyogadvAroM se prathama satprarUpaNa kA vivecana Arambha hotA hai| caudaha guNasthAnoM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai | phira mArgaNAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / TIkAkAra vIrasena ne dakSiNApathavAsI AcAryoM ke pAsa patra bhejakara vahA~ se muniyoM ko bulavAne kA varNana yahA~ kiyA hai teNa vi soraTha-visayagiriNayarapaTTaNacaMdaguhAThieNa aTuMgamahANimittapAraeNa ganthavocchedo hohaditti jAdabhaeNa-pavayaNavacchaleNa dakSiNAvahAiriyANaMmahimAe miliyANaM leho pesido| lehahiyadharaseNavayaNamavadhAriya tehi vi Airiehi be sAhU gahaNadhAraNasamatthA dhavalAmalabahuvihaviNayavihUsiyaMgA sIlamAlAharA gurupesaNAsaNatittA desakulajAisuddhA sayalakalApArayA tikkhuttA bucchiyAiriyA andhavisayaveNNAyaNAdo pesidA / -saurASTra deza ke girinagara nAmaka nagara kI candraguphA meM rahanevAle aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI, aura pravacanavatsala dharasenAcArya ne aGgazruta ke viccheda ho jAne ke bhaya se mahimA nagarI meM sammilita dakSiNApatha ke AcAryoM ke pAsa eka lekha 1. yaha graMtha seTha zitAbarAya lakSmIcandra jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa, amarAvatI se DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita solaha bhAgoM meM san 1939-1958 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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280 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zaGkA-lekina vastrasahita hote hue bhI dravya-striyoM ke bhAvasaMyama hone meM to koI virodha nahIM AnA cAhiye ? samAdhAna-aisI bAta nahIM hai| unake bhAva-saMyama nahIM hai, kyoMki bhAva-saMyama ke mAnane para, unake bhAva-saMyama kA avinAbhAvI vastrAdika kA grahaNa nahIM bana sktaa| zaGkA-to phira striyoM ke caudaha guNasthAna hote haiM, yaha kathana kaise ThIka ho sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-bhAva-strIyukta manuSyagati meM caudaha guNasthAna mAna lene se isameM koI virodha nahIM aataa|' SaTakhaMDAgama kI dUsarI pustaka bhI jIvasthAna-satprarUpaNa hai| satprarUpaNA ke prathama bhAga meM guNasthAnoM aura mArgaNAoM kI carcA hai| dvitIya bhAga meM pUrvokta vivaraNa ke AdhAra se hI vIrasena AcArya ne viSaya kA vizeSa prarUpaNa kiyA hai| isa prarUpaNa meM unhoMne guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa, paryApti Adi bIsa prarUpaNAoM dvArA jIvoM kI parIkSA kI hai / yahA~ vividha AlApoM kI apekSA se guNasthAnoM va mArgaNAoM ke aneka bheda-prabhedoM kA viziSTa jIvoM kI apekSA sAmAnya, paryApta va aparyApta rUpa kA . vivecana hai / prastuta bhAga meM sUtra nahIM likhe gaye haiM / satprarUpaNA kA jo ogha aura Adeza arthAt guNasthAna aura mArgaNAoM dvArA 177 sUtroM meM pratipAdana kiyA jA cukA hai, usI kA yahA~ bIsa prarUpaNAoM dvArA vivecana hai| isa vibhAga meM saMskRta ko bahuta kama sthAna milA hai, prAkRta meM hI samasta racanA likhI gaI hai| sAhityika vAkyazailI jaisI prathama bhAga meM dikhAI par3atI hai, vaisI yahA~ nahIM hai / zaGkA-samAdhAna yatra-tatra dikhAI de jAte haiN| 1. isase TIkAkAra dvArA strImukti kA hI samarthana hotA hai|

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SaTkhaMDAgama kA paricaya 281 SaTkhaMDAgama kI tIsarI pustaka jIvasthAna-dravya-pramANAnugama hai ; jIvasthAna nAmaka prathama khaMDa kA yaha dUsarA bhAga hai| isa bhAga meM jIva dravya ke pramANa kA jJAna karAyA gayA hai| samasta jIvarAzi kitanI hai aura usameM bhinna-bhinna guNasthAnoM va mArgaNAsthAnoM meM jIva kA kyA pramANa hai, isa viSaya kA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA bhUtabali AcArya ne 162 sUtroM meM vivecana kiyA hai| ina sUtroM para likhI huI dhavalA TIkA meM AcArya vIrasena ne aneka zaGkA-samAdhAna upasthita kiye haiN| mithyAdRSTiyoM kI anaMtAnaMtapramANa rAzi ke sambandha meM prazna kiyA hai ki yaha vacana asatyatA ko kyoM prApta nahIM hotA? uttara meM kahA hai ki aisI zaGkA karanA ThIka nahIM, kyoMki ye vacana asatya bolane ke kAraNoM se rahita jinendra ke mukhakamala se vinirgata hue haiM ( asnyckaarnnummukkjinnvynnkmlvinniggyttaado)| dUsare sthAna para pramattasaMyata jIvoM kA pramANa pA~ca karor3a tirAnave lAkha aThAnave haz2Ara do sau chaha batAyA hai| zaGkAkAra ko uttara dete hue yahA~ bhI AcAryaparamparAgata jinopadeza ko hI pramANa mAna liyA gayA hai| katipaya matAMtaroM kA khaMDana kara kisI vizeSa mata kA maNDana bhI aneka sthaloM para dhavalAkAra ne kiyA hai| tiryakloka ke vistAra aura rajjU ke pramANa meM do vibhinna matoM kA vivecana karate hue TIkAkAra ne apane mata ke samarthana meM kahA hai ki yadyapi yaha mata pUrvAcAryasampradAya ke viruddha hai, phira bhI tantrayukti ke bala se hamane usakA prarUpaNa kiyA hai (pRSTha 38) / eka muhUrta meM kitane ucchvAsa hote haiM, isa prazna ko lekara jaina AcAryoM meM matabheda hai| eka mata ke anusAra eka muhUrta meM 720 zvAsocchavAsa hote haiM, kintu dhavalAkAra ne inakI saMkhyA 3773 batAI hai| aura bhI aneka matabhedoM kI carcA TIkA meM jahA~-tahA~ kI gaI hai| TIkAkAra AcArya vIrasena ne dravyapramANAnuyoga kA gaNitazAstra se saMbaMdha batAyA hai aura grantha ke prastuta bhAga meM apane gaNita

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282 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zAstra ke adhyayana kA khUba upayoga kiyA hai / ' (cauthI pustaka kI prastAvanA meM isa saMbaMdha meM prophesara DAkTara avadhezanArAyaNa siMha kA eka mahattvapUrNa lekha bhI chapA hai)| __SaTkhaMDAgama kI cauthI pustaka jIvasthAna ke antargata kSetrasparzana-kAlAnugama nAma se kahI gaI hai jisameM krama se 12, 185 aura 342 sUtra haiM ; jIvasthAna ke nAma ke prathama khaMDa kA yaha tIsarA, cauthA aura pA~cavA~ bhAga hai| yahA~ jIvasthAnoM kI kSetrAnugama, sparzAnugama aura kAlAnugama nAma kI tIna prarUpaNAoM kA vivecana hai| kSetrAnugama meM lokAkAza kA svarUpa aura pramANa batAyA hai| eka mata ke anusAra yaha apane talabhAga meM sAta rAjU vyAsavAlA golAkAra hai| isa mata ke anusAra loka kA AkAra ThIka adhobhAga meM vetrAsana, madhya meM jhallarI aura UrdhvabhAga meM mRdaMga ke samAna ho jAtA hai| lekina vIrasena AcArya isa mata ko pramANa nahIM maante| unhoMne loka kA AkAra pUrva-pazcima dizAoM meM Upara kI ora ghaTatA-bar3hatA huA, kintu uttara-dakSiNa dizAoM meM sarvatra sAta rAjU hI svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra unake matAnusAra yaha loka golAkAra na hokara samacaturasrAkAra ho jAtA hai, aura do dizAoM meM usakA AkAra vetrAsana, jhallarI aura mRdaMga ke samAna dikhAI detA hai| isI . prakAra svayaMbhUramaNa samudra ke bAhya pRthvI ke astitva ko siddha karane kI bhI dhavalAkAra kI apanI nijI kalpanA hai| SaTakhaMDAgama kI pA~cavIM pustaka meM jIvasthAna ke antargata 1. dhavalAkAra ne pariyammasutta (parikarmasUtra ) nAma ke prAkRta gadyAtmaka gaNitasambandhI graMtha ke aneka avataraNa apanI TIkA meM diye haiN| jaina karaNAnuyoga kA yaha koI prAcIna graMtha thA jo Ajakala upalabdha nahIM hai| dekhiye DaoNkTara hIrAlAla jaina kA jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (bhAga 8, kiraNa 2) meM 'AThavIM zatAbdI se pUrvavartI gaNitasambandhI saMskRta va prAkRta graMthoM kI khoja' nAmaka lekha /

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SaTkhaMDAgama kA paricaya 283 antara, bhAva aura alpabahutva kA vivecana kiyA hai| inameM kramazaH 367,63 aura 382 sUtra haiN| pahale bhAgoM kI bhA~ti yahA~ bhI zaMkA-samAdhAna dvArA viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| pUrva prarUpaNAoM kI bhA~ti antara prarUpaNA meM bhI ogha (guNasthAna) aura Adeza (mArgaNAsthAna) kI apekSA batAyA hai ki jIva kisa guNasthAna yA mArgaNAsthAna ke kama se kama aura adhika se adhika kitane kAla taka ke liye antara ko prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra bhAva prarUpaNA meM ogha aura Adeza kI apekSA auda. yika Adi bhAvoM kA vivecana hai / guNasthAnoM aura mArgaNAsthAnoM meM saMbhava pArasparika saMkhyAkRta hInatA aura adhikatA kA nirNaya alpabahutvAnugama nAmaka anuyogadvAra se hotA hai| yahA~ bhI oghanirdeza aura Adezanirdeza kI apekSA alpabahutva kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai| __isa prakAra jIvasthAna ke prathama khaNDa kI AThoM prarUpaNAoM kA vivecana samApta ho jAtA hai| pakhaMDAgama kI chaThI pustaka jIvasthAna-cUlikA hai| isameM nau cUlikAyeM haiM-prakRtisamutkIrtana, sthAnasamutkIrtana, tIna mahAdaNDaka, utkRSTa sthiti, jaghanya sthiti, samyaktvotpatti aura gatiAgati | inameM kramazaH 46, 117, 2, 2, 2, 44,43, 16 aura 243 sUtra haiN| kSetra, kAla aura antara prarUpaNAoM meM jo jIva ke kSetra va kAlasaMbaMdhI aneka parivartana batAye haiM ve vizeSa karmabaMdha ke dvArA hI utpanna ho sakate haiM, inhIM karmabaMdhoM kA vyavasthita nirdeza, prakRtisamutkIrtana nAmaka cUlikA meM kiyA hai| pratyeka mulakarma kI kitanI uttaraprakRtiyA~ eka sAtha bA~dhI jA sakatI haiM aura unakA baMdha kauna se guNasthAnoM meM saMbhava hai, isa viSaya kA pratipAdana sthAnasamutkIrtana cUlikA meM kiyA hai| prathama mahAdaMDaka cUlikA meM do sUtra haiN| yahA~ prathama samyaktva ko grahaNa karane vAlA jIva jina prakRtiyoM ko bA~dhatA hai ve prakRtiyA~ ginAI gaI hai, manuSya yA tiryaMca ko ina prakRtiyoM kA svAmI batAyA

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284 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa hai| dvitIya mahAdaMDaka cUlikA meM prathama samyaktva ke abhimukha deva aura prathamAdi chaH pRthiviyoM ke nArakI jIvoM ke yogya prakRtiyA~ ginAI gaI haiN| tRtIya mahAdaMDaka cUlikA meM sAtavIM pRthivI ke nArakI jIvoM ke samyaktvAbhimukha hone para baMdha yogya prakRtiyoM kA nirdeza hai| utkRSTasthiticUlikA meM karmoM kI utkRSTa sthiti aura jaghanyasthiticUlikA meM karmoM kI jaghanya sthiti kA vivecana hai / samyaktvotpatticUlikA bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai / sUtrakAra ne yaha viSaya dRSTivAda ke pA~ca aMgoM meM se dvitIya aMga sUtra para se saMgraha kiyA hai / dhavalAkAra ne kaSAyaprAbhRta ke cUrNIsUtroM ke AdhAra se viSaya kA vivecana kiyA hai / gati-AgaticUlikA kA viSaya sUtrakAra ne dRSTivAda ke pA~ca aMgoM meM prathama aMga parikarma ke candraprajJapti Adi pA~ca bhedoM ke antima bheda viAhapaNNatti se liyA hai| isa prakAra chaha khaNDoM meM se prathama khaNDa jIvasthAna kI samApti ho jAtI hai| isake pazcAt AThavIM pustaka meM SaTkhaNDAgama kA dvitIya khaNDa Arambha hotA hai jisakA nAma khuddAbandha (kSudrakabandha) hai / isa khaNDa meM gyAraha mukhya tathA prAstAvika va cUlikA isa taraha saba milAkara teraha adhikAra haiM jinameM kula milAkara 1586 sUtra haiN| ina anuyogoM kA viSaya prAyaH vahI hai jo jIvasthAna khaNDa meM A cukA hai| antara yahI hai ki yahA~ mArgaNAsthAnoM ke bhItara guNasthAnoM kI apekSA rakhakara prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ jIvoM kI prarUpaNA svAmitva Adi gyAraha anuyogoM dvArA guNasthAna vizeSaNa ko chor3akara mArgaNAsthAnoM meM kI gaI hai| ina gyAraha anuyogoM ke nAma haiM-(1) eka jIva kI apekSA svAmitva, (2) eka jIva kI apekSA kAla, (3) eka jIva kI apekSA antara, (4) nAnA jIvoM kI apekSA bhaMgavicaya, (5) dravyapramANAnugama, (6) kSetrAnugama, (7) sparzanAnugama, (8) nAnA jIvoM kI apekSA kAla, (6) nAnA

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ghaTakhaMDAgama kA paricaya 285 jIvoM kI apekSA antara, (10) bhAgAbhAgAnugama, aura (11) alpabahutvAnugama | ina gyAraha anuyogoM ke pUrva prAstAvikarUpa se bandhakoM ke satva kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai, aura anta meM cUlikA rUpa meM 'mahAdaNDaka' diyA hai / dRSTivAda ke caturtha bheda pUrva ke antargata agrAyaNI pUrva kI paJcama vastu cayanalabdhi ke chaThe pAhuDabandhana ke bandhaka nAmaka adhikAra se isa khaNDa kA uddhAra kiyA gayA hai| ___ nauvIM pustaka meM tIsarA khaNDa AtA hai jisakA nAma baMdhasvAmitva-vicaya hai| isakA artha hai bandha ke svAmitva kA vicAra | yahA~ isa bAta kA vivecana hai ki kauna sA karmabandha kisa guNasthAna va mArgaNA meM sambhava hai| isa khaNDa meM 324 sUtra haiM ; prathama 42 sUtroM meM kevala guNasthAna ke anusAra prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, zeSa sUtroM meM mArgaNA ke anusAra guNasthAnoM kA prarUpaNa hai| nauvIM pustaka meM SaTkhaNDAgama kA caturtha khaNDa AtA hai jisakA nAma vedanAkhaNDa hai| isameM kRtianuyogadvAra kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| isa khaNDa meM aprAyaNIya pUrva kI pA~cavIM vastu cayanalabdhi ke caturtha prAmRta' karmaprakRti ke caubIsa anuyogadvAroM meM se prathama do-kRti aura vedanA-anuyogadvAroM kI prarUpaNA hai, jisameM vedanA adhikAra adhika vistAra se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, isaliye isa sampUrNa khaNDa kA nAma vedanA hai| isa khaNDa ke prArambha meM phira se maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai jo 44 sUtroM meM hai / yahI maMgala dharasenAcArya ke joNipAhuDa meM gaNadharavalayamaMtra ke rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| ina sUtroM meM jina, avadhijina, paramAvadhijina, sarvAvadhijina, anaMtAvadhijina, koSTabuddhijina, bIjabuddhijina, padAnusArIjina, saMbhinnazrotAjina, Rjumatijina, vipulamatijina, dazapUrvIjina, caturdazapUrvIjina,aSTAMgamahAnimittakuzalajina, vikriyAprAptajina, vidyAdhara, cAraNa,prajJAzramaNa,AkAzagAmI, AzIviSa, dRSTiviSa, upatapa, dIptatapa, taptatapa, mahAtapa,

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286 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ghoratapa, ghoraparAkrama, ghoraguNa, ghoraguNabrahmacArI, AmA~SadhiprApta, khelauSadhiprApta, jallauSadhiprApta, viSTauSadhiprApta, sauSadhiprApta, manobalI, vacanabalI, kAyabalI, kSIrasravI, sarpisravI, madhusravI, amRtasravI,akSINamahAnasa,sarvasiddhAyatana aura vardhamAna buddha RSi ko namaskAra kiyA hai / TIkAkAra ne aMga, svara, vyaMjana, lakSaNa, chinna, bhauma, svapna aura antarikSa ina ATha mahAnimittoM ke lakSaNa samajhAe haiN| yahA~ sUtrakartA ne nAma, sthApanA, dravya, gaNana, graMtha, karaNa aura bhAva nAmaka sAta kRtiyoM kI saMkSipta prarUpaNA kI hai| vedanA mahAdhikAra meM 16 anuyogadvAra haiM, jinameM se (1) vedanAnikSepa, (2) vedanAnayavibhASaNatA, (3) vedanAnAmavidhAna aura (4) vedanAdravyavidhAna nAma ke cAra anuyogadvAroM kA pratipAdana SaTkhaMDAgama kI dasavIM pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai| ghaTakhaMDAgama kI gyArahavIM pustaka kA nAma vedanA-kSetravidhAnavedanAkAla vidhAna hai| vedanA mahAdhikAra ke antargata vedanAnikSepa Adi 16anuyogadvAroM meM se 4 anuyogadvAroM kA pratipAdana 10 vI pustaka meM kiyA jA cukA hai| prastuta pustaka meM vedanAkSetravidhAna aura vedanAkAlavidhAna nAmaka do anuyogadvAroM kA nirUpaNa hai| vedanAkSetravidhAna meM padamImAMsA, svAmitva aura alpabahutva kA pratipAdana hai| vedanAdravyavidhAna aura kSetravidhAna ke samAna vedanAkAlavidhAna meM bhI padamImAMsA, svAmitva aura alpabahutva nAma ke tIna anuyogadvAra haiN| isake anta meM do cUlikAyeM haiM / vedanAkSetravidhAna meM 8 aura vedanAkAlavidhAna meM 276 sUtra haiN| ___SaTkhaMDAgama kI bArahavIM pustaka meM vedanAkhaMDa nAma kA cauthA khaMDa samApta ho jAtA hai| vedanA anuyogadvAra ke 16 adhikAroM meM se nimnalikhita dasa adhikAroM kA prarUpaNa prastuta bhAga meM kiyA gayA hai-vedanAbhAvavidhAna, vedanApratyayavidhAna, vedanA

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pakhaMDAgama kA paricaya . 287 svAmitvavidhAna, vedanAvedanAvidhAna, vedanAgatividhAna, vedanAanantaravidhAna, vedanAsannikarSavidhAna, vedanAparimANavidhAna vedanAbhAgAbhAgavidhAna aura vedanAalpabahutvavidhAna | inameM kramazaH 314, 16, 15, 58, 12, 11, 320, 53, 20 aura 26 sUtra haiN| terahavIM pustaka meM vargaNA nAmakA pA~cavA~ khaMDa Arambha hotA hai; isameM sparza, karma aura prakRti nAmaka tIna anuyogadvAroM kA pratipAdana hai| sparza anuyogadvAra meM sparzanikSepa, sparzanayavibhASaNatA, sparzanAmavidhAna, sparzadravyavidhAna Adi 16 adhikAroM dvArA sparza kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| karma anuyogadvAra meM nAmakarma, sthApanAkarma, dravyakarma, prayogakarma, samavadAnakarma, adhaHkarma, IryApathakarma, tapaHkarma, kriyAkarma aura bhAvakarma kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai| prakRtianuyogadvAra meM prakRtinikSepa Adi solaha anuyogadvAroM kA vivecana hai / ina tInoM anuyogadvAroM meM kramazaH 33, 31 aura 142 sUtra haiN| prakRtianuyogadvAra meM bhASAviSayaka UhApoha karate hue kIra, pArasIka, siMghala aura barbarIka Adi dezavAsiyoM kI bhASA ko kubhASA kahA hai| phira tIna kuru, tIna lAr3ha, tIna mahArASTra, tIna mAlava, tIna gaur3a aura tIna .. magadha deza kI bhASAoM ke bheda se aThAraha prakAra kI bhASAe~ batAI gaI haiN| zrutajJAna kA svarUpa batAte hue dvAdazAMga vANI kI mukhyatA se usake saMkhyAta bheda kiye haiN| phira avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna kA svarUpa pratipAdita hai| SaTakhaMDAgama kI caudahavIM pustaka meM vargaNA nAma ke pA~caveM khaMDa meM 768 sUtroM meM baMdhana anuyogadvAra kA varNana hai| isakI TIkA meM dhavalAkAra ne karmabaMdha kA atyaMta sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| baMdhana ke cAra bheda haiM--bandha, bandhaka, bandhanIya aura baMdhavidhAna | isa anuyogadvAra meM baMdha aura baMdhanIya kA vizeSa vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jIva se pRthagbhUta karma aura nokarma skaMdhoM ko baMdhanIya kahate haiN|

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288 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa / SaTkhaMDAgama kI pandrahavIM pustaka meM nibaMdhana, prakrama, upakrama aura udaya nAma ke cAra anuyogadvAroM kA prarUpaNa hai| aMgrAyaNI pUrva ke 14 adhikAroM meM pA~cavA~ cayanalabdhi nAma kA adhikAra hai| isameM 20 prAbhRta haiM, caturtha prAbhRta kA nAma karmaprakRtiprAbhRta hai| isa prAbhRta meM kRti, vedanA, sparza, karma, prakRti, baMdhana, nibaMdhana, prakrama, upakrama, udaya Adi 24 adhikAra haiN| inameM se vedanA nAmaka caturtha khaMDa meM kRti (nauvIM pustaka), aura vedanA ( dasavIM-gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM pustaka) tathA vargaNA nAma ke pA~caveM khaMDa meM sparza, karma aura prakRti (terahavIM pustaka) adhikAroM kA prarUpaNa kiyA hai| bandhana nAma kA anuyogadvAra bandha, bandhanIya, bandhaka aura bandhavidhAna nAmaka cAra avAntara anuyogadvAroM meM vibhakta hai| inameM se bandha aura bandhanIya adhikAroM kI prarUpaNA 14 vIM pustaka meM kI gaI hai| isa prakAra puSpadanta aura bhUtabalikRta mUla SaTkhaMDAgama meM 24anuyogadvAroM meM se prathama chaha anuyogadvAroM ke viSaya kA vivaraNa hai| zeSa nibaMdhana Adi 18 anuyogadvAroM kI prarUpaNA mUla SaTkhaMDAgama meM nahIM hai| inakI prarUpaNA vIrasena ne apanI dhavalA TIkA meM kI hai| ina 18 anuyogadvAroM meM se nibaMdhana, prakrama, upakrama aura udaya nAma ke prathama cAra anuyogadvAroM kI prarUpaNA pandrahavIM pustaka meM / kI gaI hai| SaTkhaMDAgama kI solahavIM pustaka meM mokSa, saMkrama, lezyA, lezyAkarma, lezyApariNAma, sAtAsAta, dIrgha-hasva, bhavadhAraNIya, pudgalAtta, nidhatta-anidhatta, nikAcita-anikAcita, karmasthiti, pazcimaskaMdha aura alpabahutva nAmaka zeSa 14 anuyogadvAroM kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra solaha pustakoM meM SaTakhaNDAgama aura usakI dhavalA TIkA samApta hotI hai|

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mahAbandha 28 mahAbandha mahAbandha ko mahAdhavala ke nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| pahale kahA jA cukA hai, yaha grantha SaTkhaNDAgama kA hI chaThA khaNDa hai, jisakI racanA AcArya bhUtabali ne kI hai| isakA maMgalAcaraNa bhI pRthak na hokara SaTkhaNDAgama ke caturtha khaNDa vedanA Adi meM upalabdha maMgalAcaraNa se hI sambaddha hai| phira bhI yaha mahAn kRti svatantra kRti ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai| isakA eka to kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha pUrvokta pA~ca khaNDoM se bahuta vizAla hai, dUsare isa graMtharAja para TIkA likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhI gaI, isaliye dhavalAkAra AcArya vIrasena ne isa para TIkA nahIM likhI / isakI racanA 40 hajAra zlokapramANa hai| __ mahAbandha sAta bhAgoM meM hai| prathama pustaka meM prakRtibandha nAma ke prathama adhikAra kA sarvabandha, nosarvabaMdha, utkRSTabaMdha, anutkRSTabaMdha Adi adhikAroM meM prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI pustaka meM sthitibaMdha adhikAra kA prarUpaNa hai / isake do mukhya adhikAra haiM-mUlaprakRtisthitibaMdha aura uttaraprakRtisthitibaMdha / mUlaprakRtisthitibaMdha ke mukhya adhikAra cAra haiM-sthitibaMdhasthAnaprarUpaNA, niSekaprarUpaNA, AbAdhakAMDakArUpaNA aura alpabahutva | Age calakara addhAccheda, sarvabaMdha, nosarvabaMdha, utkRSTabaMdha, anutkRSTabaMdha Adi adhikAroM ke dvArA mUlaprakRtisthitibaMdha kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| uttaraprakRtisthitibaMdha kA vicAra bhI isI prakriyA se kiyA hai| tIsarI pustaka meM sthitibaMdha ke zeSa bhAga kA prarUpaNa cAlU hai / bandhasannikarSa, nAnA jIvoM kI apekSA bhaMgavicaya, bhAgAbhAgaprarUpaNA, parimANaprarUpaNA, kSetraprarUpaNA, sparzanaprarUpaNA, kAlaprarUpaNA, antaraprarUpaNA, bhAvaprarUpaNA aura alpabahutva nAmaka adhikAroM ke dvArA viSaya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / cauthI pustaka meM anubhAgabaMdha adhikAra kA prarUpaNa 1. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI se san 1947-1958 meM prakAzita / 19 prA0sA0

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290 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kiyA hai / mUlaprakRtianubhAgabaMdha aura uttaraprakRtianubhAgabaMdha kI apekSA yaha do prakAra kA hai| inakA niSekaprarUpaNA, spardhakaprarUpaNA Adi adhikAroM dvArA vivecana kiyA hai| pA~cavIM pustaka meM anubhAgabaMdha adhikAra ke zeSa bhAga kA prarUpaNa hai| sannikarSa, bhaMgavicaya, bhAgAbhAga, parimANa, kSetra, sparzana Adi prarUpaNAoM dvArA isakA vivecana kiyA hai| chaThI pustaka meM pradezabaMdha nAmake adhikAra kA vivecana hai| isameM pratyeka samaya meM baMdha ko prApta honevAle mUla aura uttara karmoM ke pradezoM ke Azraya se mUlaprakRtipradezabaMdha aura uttaraprakRtipradezabaMdha kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| aneka anuyogadvAroM ke dvArA inakA prarUpaNa kiyA hai| mahAbaMdha kI sAtavIM pustaka meM pradezabaMdha adhikAra ke zeSabhAga kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM kSetraprarUpaNA, sparzanaprarUpaNA, kAlaprarUpaNA, antaraprarUpaNA, bhAvaprarUpaNA, alpabahutvaprarUpaNA, bhujagArabandha, padanikSepa, samutkIrtanA, svAmitva,alpabahutva vRddhibaMdha, adhyavasAna samudAhAra aura jIvasamudAhAra nAmaka adhikAroM ke dvArA viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ___ isa prakAra sAta pustakoM meM mahAbaMdha samApta hotA hai| mahAbaMdha ke samApta hone se SaTkhaNDAgama ke chahoM khaNDoM kI samApti ho jAtI hai| kasAyapAhuDa (kaSAyaprAbhRta) SaTkhaMDAgama kI bhA~ti kaSAyaprAmRta bhI dvAdazAMga kA hI eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| isa grantha kA uddhAra pA~caveM jJAnapravAdapUrva kI dasavIM vastu ke tIsare pejadosapAhuDa se kiyA gayA hai| ataeva kaSAyaprAbhRta ko pejadosapAhuDa bhI kahA jAtA hai| peja kA artha rAga aura dosa kA artha dveSa hotA hai| prastuta grantha meM krodha Adi kaSAyoM kI rAga-dveSa-pariNati aura unake prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradezagata vaiziSTya Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| kaSAyaprAbhRta kI racanA 233 gAthA-sUtroM meM kI gaI hai-ye sUtra atyanta saMkSipta aura gUDhArtha liye hue haiN| inake

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kasAyapAhuDa 291 kartA AcArya guNadhara haiM, jinakA samaya IsavI sana kI dUsarItIsarI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / guNadhara AcArya ne kaSAyaprAbhRta kI racanA karake AcArya nAgahastI aura AryamaMkSu ko usakA vyAkhyAna kiyaa| unake samIpa isa grantha kA adhyayana kara AcArya yativRSabha ne IsavI sana kI lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI meM isa para chaha hajAra zlokapramANa cUrNI-sUtroM kI prAkRta meM racanA kI / tatpazcAt AcArya yativRSabha se cUrNI-sUtroM kA adhyayana kara uccAraNAcArya ne una para bAraha hajAra zlokapramANa uccAraNasUtroM kI racanA kii| uccAraNAcArya kI yaha TIkA Ajakala upalabdha nahIM hai / mUla gAthA-sUtroM aura yativRSabha ke cUrNIsUtroM ko lekara AcArya vIrasena ne san 874 meM apanI jayadhavalA TIkA likhI jise rASTrakUTa ke rAjA amoghavarSa ke guru jinasena AcArya ne samApta kiyaa| ___ kaSAyaprAbhRta 15 adhikAroM meM vibhAjita hai| pahalA adhikAra pejadoSavibhakti hai| agale caudaha adhikAroM ke nAma haiM-sthitivibhakti, anubhAgavibhakti, pradezavibhakti-jhINAjhINasthityantika, baMdhaka, vedaka, upayoga, catuHsthAna, vyaJjana, darzanamohopazAmanA, darzanamohakSapaNA, saMyamAsaMyamalabdhi, saMyamalabdhi, cAritramohopazAmanA, cAritramohakSapaNA | inameM prArambha ke ATha adhikAroM meM saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta mohanIyakarma kI, aura antima sAta adhikAroM meM AtmapariNAmoM ke vikAsa se zithila hote hue mohanIya karma kI vividha dazAoM kA varNana hai| ___ kasAyapAhur3a kI pahalI pustaka meM pejadoSavibhakti nAma ke 1. yaha graMtha bhArata digambara jainasaMghagraMthamAlA se san 1944 se 1956 taka abhI taka pA~ca pustakoM meM prakAzita huA hai| isameM guNadharAcArya ke gAthA-sUtra, yativRSabha ke cUrNIsUtra aura vIrasena kI TIkA garmita hai| kasAyapAhuDasutta yativRSabha ke cUrNIsUtroM sahita vIrazAsanasaMgha, kalakattA se san 1955 meM paNDita hIrAlAla jaina siddhAntazAstrI dvArA sampAdita hokara prakAzita huA hai|

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292 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa adhikAra kA varNana hai | yahA~ zrutajJAna ke bheda, aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa ke bheda, kevaliyoM ke kavalAhAra kA vicAra, vipulAcala para bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dharmatIrtha kA prarUpaNa, AcArAMga Adi 11 aGgoM ke viSaya kA kathana, divyadhvani kA svarUpa, tIna sI taresaTha matoM kA ullekha, 14 pUrvo ke viSaya kA kathana, naya kA vivecana, kaSAya ke sambandha meM vicAra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI pustaka meM prakRtivibhakti kA vivecana hai| prakRtivibhakti ke do bheda haiM-mUlaprakRtivibhakti aura uttaraprakRtivibhakti / yahA~ mohanIya karma aura usakI uttaraprakRtiyoM kA varNana hai / mUlaprakRti se yahA~ mohanIyakarma aura uttaraprakRti se mohanIya karma kI uttaraprakRtiyA~ lI gaI haiN| mUlaprakRtivibhakti ke varNana ke liye yativRSabha ne 8 aura jayadhavalAkAra ne 17 anuyogadvAra rakkhe haiN| uttaraprakRtivibhakti ke do bheda haiM-ekaikauttaraprakRtivibhakti aura prakRtisthAnauttaraprakRtivibhakti / pahale bhAga meM mohanIya karma kI 28 prakRtiyoM kA pRthak-pRthak nirUpaNa hai, dUsare bhAga meM mohanIya karma ke 15 prakRtika sthAnoM kA kathana hai| inakA aneka anuyogadvAroM kI apekSA kathana kiyA gayA hai| kasAyapAhuDa kI tIsarI pustaka meM sthitivibhakti kA vivecana hai| sthitivibhakti ke bhI do bheda haiM-mUlaprakRtisthitivibhakti aura uttaraprakRtisthitivibhakti | inakA addhAccheda, sarvavibhakti, nosarva vibhakti, utkRSTavibhakti, anutkRSTavibhakti Adi 24 anuyogadvAroM kI apekSA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| cauthI pustaka meM sthitivibhaktiadhikAra nAma ke zeSabhAga kA vivecana hai| yahA~ bhujagAra, padanikSepa, vRddhi aura sthitisatkarmasthAna ke adhikAroM ko lekara viSaya kA vivecana kiyA hai| kaSAyaprAbhRta kI pA~cavIM pustaka meM anubhAgavibhakti kA prarUpaNa hai| isa adhikAra ke bhI do bheda haiM-mUlaprakRtianubhAgavibhakti aura uttaraprakRtianubhAgavibhakti | AcArya vIrasena ne mUlaprakRtianubhAgaprakRti kA vizeSa vyAkhyAna saMjJA, sarvAnubhAgavibhakti, nosarvAnubhAgavibhakti, utkRSTAnubhAgavibhakti, anutkRSTAnubhAga

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. tiloyapaNNatti 293 vibhakti Adi 23 anuyogadvAroM kA avalambana lekara kiyA hai| isI prakAra uttaraprakRtianubhAgavibhakti meM sarvAnubhAgavibhakti, nosavAnubhAgavibhakti, utkRSTaanubhAgavibhakti, anutkRSTaanubhAgavibhakti Adi anuyogadvAroM kA avalambana lekara viSaya kA vivecana hai| tiloyapaNNatti (trilokaprajJapti) kaSAyaprAbhRta para cUrNIsUtroM ke racayitA yativRSabha AcArya kI dUsarI racanA trilokaprajJapti' hai| karaNAnuyoga kA yaha prAcIna graMtha prAkRtabhASA meM likhA gayA hai jo ATha hajAra zlokapramANa hai| isameM trilokasaMbaMdhI viSaya kA varNana hai| yaha graMtha digaMbara sAhitya ke prAcInatama zrutAMga se saMbaMdha rakhatA hai| dhavalATIkA meM isa graMtha ke aneka uddharaNoM kA ullekha hai| graMthakartA ko trilokaprajJapti ke viSaya kA jJAna AcAryaparaMparA se prApta huA hai / graMtha meM agrAyaNI, parikarma, lokavibhAga aura lokavinizcaya nAmaka prAcIna graMthoM aura unake pAThAMtaroM kA ullekha milatA hai| aneka matabhedoM kA nirdeza yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| isa graMtha kA viSaya zvetAMbara AgamoM ke antargata sUryaajJapti, candraprajJapti aura jambUdvIpaprajJapti tathA digambarIya dhavalA. jayadhabalA TIkA aura trilokasAra Adi prAkRta ke graMthoM se milatA-julatA hai| lokavibhAga, mUlAcAra, bhagavatIArAdhanA, paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra aura samayasAra Adi prAcIna graMthoM aura tiloyapaNNatti kI bahuta sI gAthAyeM samAna haiN| 1. DaoNkTara e. ena. upAdhye aura DaoNkTara hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita; jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA zolApura meM san 1943 aura 1951 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita / 2. dekhiye tiloyapaNNatti, bhAga 2 kI bhUmikA, pR0 38-62 / isa prakAra kI gAthAoM ko paraMparAgata hI mAnanA caahiye| 3. tiloyapaNNatti kI prastAvanA (pRSTha 74 Adi) meM DaoNkTara

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294 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prastuta grantha sAmAnyaloka, nArakaloka, bhavanavAsIloka, manuSyaloka, tiryakaloka, vyantaraloka, jyotirloka, devaloka aura siddhaloka nAmaka nau mahAdhikAroM meM vibhAjita hai| mukhyarUpa se ina adhikAroM meM bhUgola aura khagola kA varNana hai; prasaMgavaza jaina-siddhAMta, purANa aura itihAsa Adi para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prathama mahAdhikAra meM 283 gAthAyeM aura 3 gadyabhAga haiN| kSetramaMgala ke udAharaNa meM pAvA, Urjayanta aura caMpA Adi tIrthoM kA ullekha hai| aThAraha zreNiyoM meM hasti, turaga, ratha aura inake adhipati, senApati, padAti, zreSThI, daMDapati, zuddha, kSatriya, vaizya, mahattara, pravara, gaNarAja, mantrI, talavara (kotavAla), purohita, amAtya aura mahAmAtya ke nAma ginAye haiM / arthAgama ke kartA mahAvIra bhagavAn ke zarIra Adi kA varNana karate hue 18 prakAra kI mahAbhASA aura 700 kSudra bhASAoM kA ullekha hai | rAjagRha meM vipula, RSizaila, vaibhAra, chinna aura pAMDu nAma ke pA~ca' zailoM kA ullekha hai| triloka kI moTAI, caur3AI aura U~cAI kA varNana yahA~ dRSTivAda nAmaka sUtra ke AdhAra se kiyA hai| dUsare mahAdhikAra meM 367 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM narakaloka ke svarUpa kA varNana hai| tIsare mahAdhikAra meM 243 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM bhavanavAsiyoM ke loka kA svarUpa batAyA hai| bhavanavAsI devoM ke prAsAdoM meM janmazAlA, abhiSekazAlA, bhUSaNazAlA, maithunazAlA, paricaryAgRha (olaggazAlA) aura maMtrazAlA Adi zAlAoM, tathA sAmAnyagRha, garbhagRha, kadalIgRha, citragRha, AsanagRha, hIrAlAla jaina ne tiloyapaNNatti ke viSaya Adi kI zvetAmbara AcArya jinabhadbhagaNi samAzramaNa ke bRhatkSetrasamAsa aura bRhatsaMgrahaNI tathA nemicandra ke pravacanasAroddhAra ke viSaya Adi ke sAtha tulanA kI hai| 1. bauddhoM ke suttanipAta kI aTThakathA (2, pRSTha 382 ) meM paNDava, gijjhakUTa, vebhAra, isigili aura vepulla nAma ke pA~ca parvatoM kA ullekha hai| mahAbhArata ( 2, 21, 2) meM vaihAra vArAha, RSabha RSigiri aura caityaka kA ullekha hai|

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tiloyapaNNatti 295 nAdagRha aura latAgRha Adi kA varNana hai| azvattha (pIpala ), saptavaNa, zAlmali, jaMbU, vetasa, kadaMba, priyaMgu, zirISa, palAza, aura rAjadruma nAma ke dasa caityavRkSoM kA ullekha hai| cauthA mahAdhikAra saba se bar3A hai, usameM 2661 gAthAoM meM manuSyaloka kA svarUpa pratipAdita hai| yahA~ vijayA dakSiNa aura uttara zreNiyoM meM avasthita nagariyoM kA ullekha hai| ATha maMgaladravyoM meM gAra (jhArI), kalaza, darpaNa, vyaMjana, dhvajA, chatra, camara aura supratiSTha (eka pAtra ) ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| bhogabhUmi meM sthita daza kalpavRkSoM kA varNana hai| strI aura puruSoM ke AbhUSaNoM kA ullekha hai| bhogabhUmi meM utpanna honevAle yugala nara-nAriyoM kA varNana hai| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmi, nakSatra, aura unakI Ayu Adi kA ullekha hai| nemi, malli, mahAvIra, vAsupUjya aura pArzvanAtha dvArA kumAra avasthA meM, tathA zeSa tIrthaMkaroM dvArA rAjya ke anta meM tapa svIkAra karane kA ullekha hai|' mahAvIra bhagavAna ke nirvANa prApta karane para gautamasvAmI ko, gautama ke nirvANa prApta karane para sudharmasvAmI ko, aura sudharmasvAmI ke nirvANa prApta karane para jambUsvAmI ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| muktigAmiyoM meM antima zrIdhara, cAraNa RSiyoM meM antima supArzvacandra, prajJAzramaNoM meM antima vanayaza, avadhijJAniyoM meM antima zrInAmaka aura mukuTadharoM meM jinadIkSAdhArakoM meM antima candragupta kA ullekha hai| sAmAnya bhUmi kA pramANa, sopAnoM kA pramANa, vinyAsa, vIthi, dhUlizAla, caitya-prAsAdabhUmiyA~, nRtyazAlA, mAnastaMbha, vedI Adi 31 adhikAroM meM samavasaraNa kA varNana kiyA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke atizayoM kA pratipAdana hai| yakSoM meM govadana, mahAyakSa, trimukha, yakSezvara, tuMburava, mAtaMga, vijaya, ajita, brahma, Adi tathA yakSiNiyoM meM cakrezvarI, rohiNI, prajJapti, vajrazRMkhalA, vajrAMkuzA, 1. jemI mallI vIro kumArakAlammi vAsupujo ya / pAso vi ya gahidatavA sesajiNA rajacaramammi //

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296 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa apraticakrezvarI, puruSadattA, jvAlAmAlinI, kUSmAMDI Adi ke nAma ginAye haiM | ATha prakAra kI RddhiyA~ batAI haiN| caturdazapUrvadhArI, dazapUrvadhArI, ekAdaza aMgadhArI aura AcArAMgadhAriyoM kA varNana hai / kvacit sUktiyA~ bhI dikhAI de jAtI haiM aMgho NivaDai kUve bahiro Na suNedi sAdhu uvadesaM / pecchato NisuNato Nirae jaM paDai taM cojjaM // -aMdhA kUpa meM gira jAtA hai aura baharA sAdhu kA upadeza nahIM sunatA, yaha koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM / Azcarya yahI hai ki yaha jIva dekhatA aura sunatA huA bhI naraka meM jA par3atA hai| ___ pA~caveM mahAdhikAra meM 321 gAthAyeM haiM, isameM gadyabhAga hI adhika hai| tiryagloka meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudra haiM / yahA~ jambUdvIpa, lavaNasamudra, dhAtakIkhaMDa, kAlodasamudra, puSkaravaradvIpa, nandIzvaradvIpa, kuNDalavaradvIpa, svayaMbhUramaNadvIpa Adi ke vistAra, kSetraphala Adi kA varNana hai| chaThe mahAdhikAra meM 103 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM 17 antarAdhikAroM ke dvArA vyantara devoM ke nivAsakSetra, unake bheda, cihna, kulabheda, nAma, indra, Ayu, AhAra Adi kA prarUpaNa hai| sAtaveM mahAdhikAra meM 616 gAthAyeM haiN| isameM jyotiSa devoM ke nivAsakSetra, unake bheda, saMkhyA, vinyAsa, parimANa, utsedha, avadhijJAna, zakti Adi kA vistAra se pratipAdana hai| AThaveM mahAdhikAra meM 703 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM vaimAnika devoM ke nivAsakSetra, vinyAsa, bheda, nAma, sImA, vimAnasaMkhyA, indravibhUti, guNasthAna Adi,samyaktvagrahaNa ke kAraNa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / nauveM mahAdhikAra meM siddhoM ke kSetra, unakI saMkhyA, avagAhanA aura sukha kA prarUpaNa hai| lokavibhAga tiloyapaNNatti ke kartA yativRSabha ne lokavibhAga kA aneka jagaha ullekha kiyA hai, lekina yaha graMtha kaba aura kisake dvArA racA gayA isakA kucha patA nahIM lgtaa| siMhasUri ke saMskRta

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paMcAstikAya-pravacanasAra-samayasAra 297 lokavibhAga ke anta meM dI huI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki sarvanandi ke prAkRta grantha kI bhASA kA parivartana karake siMhasUri ne apane saMskRta lokavibhAga kI racanA kii| isa graMtha kA IsavI san kI chaThI zatAbdI se pUrva hone kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai|' paMcAstikAya-pravacanasAra-samayasAra digaMbara saMpradAya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadhara ke bAda AcArya kundakunda kA nAma liyA jAtA hai| inheM padmanaMdi, vakragrIva, elAcArya aura gRddhapiccha ke nAma se bhI kahA hai| lekina inakA vAstavika nAma thA padmanandi, aura koNDakuNDa ke nivAsI hone ke kAraNa ye kundakunda nAma se kahe jAte the| inakA samaya IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mAnA gayA hai; ye tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke jAna par3ate haiN| kundakunda ke paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra aura samayasAra ko nATakatraya athavA prAbhRtatraya ke nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| ye dravyArthika nayapradhAna AdhyAtmika grantha haiM, inameM zuddha nizcayanaya se vastu kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isake atirikta kundakunda ne niyamasAra, rayaNasAra, aSTapAhuDa aura dazabhakti kI racanA kI hai| ___ paMcAstikAya meM pA~ca astikAyoM kA varNana hai| isa para amRtacandrasUri aura jayasena AcArya ne saMskRta meM TIkAyeM likhI haiN| paMcAstikAya meM 173 gAthAyeM haiM jo do zrutaskaMdhoM meM vibhAjita haiN| pahale zrutaskaMdha meM SaDdravya aura pA~ca astikAyoM 1. tiloyapaNNatti kI prastAvanA, pR0 46 / 2. dekhiye DaoN. upAdhye, pravacanasAra kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 10-22 / 3. rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA meM amRtacandra aura jayasena kI saMskRta TIkAoM sahita san 1904 meM bambaI se prakAzita ; sekreDa buksa oNva da jainsa, jilda 3 meM prophesara e0 cakravartI ke aMgrejI anuvAda aura bhUmikA sahita san 1920 meM ArA se prakAzita /

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298 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kA vyAkhyAna hai| yahA~ dravya kA lakSaNa, dravya ke bheda, saptabhaMgI, guNa aura paryAya, kAla dravya kA svarUpa, jIva kA lakSaNa, siddhoM kA svarUpa, jIva aura pudgala kA baMdha, padgala, dharma, adharma AkAza aura kAla ke lakSaNa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM nau padArthoM ke prarUpaNa ke sAtha mokSamArga kA varNana hai| puNya, pApa, jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kA yahA~ kathana hai| ___ pravacanasAra' AcArya kundakunda kI dUsarI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| isa para bhI amRtacandrasUri aura.jayasena AcArya kI saMskRta meM TIkAyeM haiM / isa grantha meM tIna zrutaskaMdha haiN| prathama zrutaskaMdha meM jJAna, dvitIya taskaMdha meM jJeya aura tRtIya zrutaskaMdha meM cAritra kA pratipAdana hai| isameM kula milAkara 275 gAthAyeM haiN| jJAna adhikAra meM AtmA aura jJAna kA ekatva aura anyatva, sarvajJatva kI siddhi, indriya aura atIndriya sukha, zubha, azubha, aura zuddha upayoga tathA mohakSaya Adi kA prarUpaNa hai / jJeya adhikAra meM dravya, guNa, paryAya kA svarUpa, saptabhaMgI, jJAna, karma aura karmaphala kA svarUpa, mUrta aura amUrta dravyoM ke guNa, kAla ke dravya aura paryAya, prANa,zubha aura azubha upayoga, jIva kA lakSaNa, jIva aura pudgala kA saMbaMdha, nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya kA avirodha aura zuddhAtmA Adi kA pratipAdana hai| cAritra adhikAra meM zrAmaNya ke cihna chedopasthApaka zramaNa, cheda kA svarUpa, yukta AhAra, utsarga aura apavAdamArga, AgamajJAna kA mahatva, zramaNa kA lakSaNa, mokSa tatva Adi kA prarUpaNa hai| 'vyavahArasUtra meM kuzala zramaNa ke pAsa jAkara AlocanA karane kA vidhAna hai (212) / hiMsA kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai 1. DaoNkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita; rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA meM san 1935 meM prakAzita / 2. yaha sUtra zvetAmbaroM ke yahA~ milatA hai, isakA paricaya pahale diyA jA cukA hai|

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samayasAra 299 maradu va jiyadu va jIvo ayadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA | payadassa Natthi baMdho hiMsAmetteNa samidassa // . -jIva mare yA jIye, ayatnapUrvaka AcaraNa karanevAle ko hiMsA kA doSa nizcita lagatA hai| prayatnazIla samitiyukta jIva ko kevala bahiraMga hiMsA kara dene mAtra se karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| samayasAra' meM 437 gAthAyeM haiN| amRtacandra aura jayasena kI isa para TIkAyeM haiN| isameM 10 adhikAra haiN| pahale adhikAra meM svasamaya, parasamaya, zuddhanaya, AtmabhAvanA aura samyaktva kA prarUpaNa hai| dUsare meM jIva-ajIva, tIsare meM karma-kartA, cauthe meM puNya-pApa, pA~caveM meM Asrava, chaThe meM saMvara, sAtaveM meM nirjarA, AThaveM meM baMdha, nauveM meM mokSa aura dasaveM meM zuddha pUrNa jJAna kA pratipAdana hai| samayasAra kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue kammaM baddhamabaddhaM jIvaM evaM tu jANa NayapakkhaM / pakkhAdikkato puNa bhaNNadi jo so smysaaro|| -jIva karma se baddha hai yA nahIM, yaha nayoM kI apekSA se hI jAnanA caahiye| jo nayoM kI apekSA se rahita hai use samaya kA sAra samajhanA caahiye| zuddha naya kI apekSA jIva ko karmoM se aspRSTa mAnA gayA haijIve kammaM baddhaM puThaM cedi vavahAraNayabhaNidaM / suddhaNayassa du jIve abaddhapuThaM havai kammaM // -vyavahAra naya kI apekSA jIva kamoM se spRSTa hai, zuddha naya kI apekSA to use abaddha aura aspRSTa samajhanA caahiye| karmabhAva ke naSTa ho jAne para karma kA phira se udaya nahIM hotA* 1. rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA meM amRtacandra aura jayasena kI saMskRta TIkAoM ke sAtha san 1919 meM bambaI se prakAzita ; sekreDa buksa Ava da jainsa, jilda 8 meM je. ela. jainI ke aMgrejI anuvAdasahita san 1930 meM lakhanaU se prakAzita /

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300 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pakke phalammi paDide jaha Na phalaM vajhade puNo viNtte| jIvassa kammabhAve paDide Na puNodayamuvei / / -jaise pake phala ke gira jAne para vaha phira apane DaMThala se yukta nahIM hotA, vaise hI karmabhAva ke naSTa ho jAne para phira se usakA udaya nahIM hotaa| niyamasAra niyamasAra' meM 186 gAthAyeM haiM, jina para padmaprabhamaladhArideva ne IsavI sana 1000 ke lagabhaga TIkA likhI hai| padmaprabha ne prAbhRtatraya ke TIkAkAra amRtacandrasUri kI TIkA ke zloka niyamasAra kI TIkA meM uddhRta kiye haiN| isameM samyaktva, Apta, Agama, sAta tatva, samyagjJAna, samyakacAritra ke antargata 12 vrata, 12 pratimA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, AlocanA, prAyazcitta, paramasamAdhi, paramabhakti, nizcaya Avazyaka, zuddha upayoga Adi kA vivecana hai| syaNasAra rayaNasAra meM 167 gAthAyeM haiN| yahA~ samyaktva ko ratnasAra kahA gayA hai| isa graMtha ke par3hane aura zravaNa se mokSa kI prApti batAI hai / eka ukti dekhiyeviNao bhattivihINo mahilANaM royaNaM viNA NehaM / cAgo veraggaviNA ede dobAriyA bhaNiyA / -bhakti ke binA vinaya, sneha ke binA mahilAoM kA rodana aura vairAgya ke binA tyAga ye tInoM viDaMbanAyeM haiN| eka upamA dekhiyemakkhi silimme paDio muvai jahA taha pariggahe paDiuM / lohI mUDho khavaNo kAyakilesesu aNNANI // 1. jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI se san 1996 meM prakAzita / isa para panaprabhamaladhArideva ne saMskRta meM TIkA likhI hai jisakA hindI anuvAda brahmacArI zItalaprasAda jI ne kiyA hai|

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aSTapAhuDa 301 -jaise zleSma meM lipaTI huI makkhI tatkAla hI mara jAtI hai, usI prakAra parigraha se yukta lobhI, mUDha aura ajJAnI muni kAyakleza kA hI bhAjana hotA hai / __ aSTapAhuDa kundakunda ke SaTpAhuDa' meM daMsaNapAhuDa, carittapAhuDa, suttapAhuDa, bodhapAhuDa, bhAvapAhuDa aura mokkhapAhuDa nAmake chaha prAbhRtoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| ina para AcArya zrutasAgara ne TIkA likhI hai| zrutasAgara vidyAnandi bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the aura ve kalikAlasarvajJa, ubhayabhASAcakravartI Adi padaviyoM se vibhUSita the| daMsaNapAhuDa kI TIkA meM zrutasAgara AcArya ne gopucchika, zvetavAsa, drAviDa, yApanIyaka aura nippiccha nAmake pA~ca jainAbhAsoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| suttapAhuDa meM AcArya kundakunda ne nagnatva ko hI mokSa kA mArga batAyA hai| bhAvapAhuDa meM bAhubali, madhupiGga, vaziSTha muni, dvIpAyana, zivakumAra, bhavyasena aura zivabhUti ke udAharaNa diye haiN| Atmahita ko yahA~ mukhya batAyA hai uttharai jANa jarao royaggI jANa Dahai dehauDi ! iMdiyabalaM na viyalai tAva tumaM kuNahi appahiyaM // -jaba taka jarAvasthA AkrAnta nahIM karatI, roga rUpI agni deha rUpI kuTiyA ko nahIM jalA detI, aura indriyoM kI zakti kSINa nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka Atmahita karate rahanA caahiye| yogI ke sambandha meM mokkhapAhuDa meM kahA hai jo sutto vavahAre so joI jaggae sakajammi / jo jaggadi vavahAre so sutto appaNe kajje // 1. SaTprAbhRtAdisaMgraha paNDita pannAlAla sonI dvArA sampAdita hokara mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA meM vikrama saMvat 1977 meM prakAzita huA hai| isameM SaTprAbhUta ke sAtha liMgaprAbhRta, zIlaprAbhRta, rayaNasAra aura bAraha aNuvekkhA kA bhI saMgraha hai|

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302 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -jo yogI vyavahAra meM sotA hai vaha svakArya meM jAgRta rahatA hai, jo vyavahAra meM jAgRta rahatA hai vaha svakArya meM sotA rahatA hai| liMgapAhuDa meM 22 aura sIlapAhuDa meM 40 gAthAyeM haiN| sIlapAhuDa meM dazapUrvI sAtyakiputra kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| bArasa aNuvekkhA kundakunda kI bArasa aNuvekkhA (dvAdaza anuprekSA) meM 61 gAthAyeM haiM; yahA~ adhruva, azaraNa Adi 12 bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai / ' dasamatti ( dazabhakti) dazabhakti meM tIrthaMkara, siddha, zruta, cAritra Adi kI bhakti kI gaI hai| isakA adhikAMza bhAga padya meM hai, kucha gadya meM bhI hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke pratikramaNasUtra, AvazyakasUtra aura paMcasutta ke sAtha isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| titthayarabhatti to donoM sampradAyoM meM samAna hai| durbhAgya se dazabhakti kA koI susaMpAdita saMskaraNa abhI taka prakAzita nahIM huaa| prabhAcandra ke dazabhaktiyoM para TIkA likhI hai| unhoMne pUjyapAda 1. isakI kucha gAthAyeM mUlAcAra ke veM adhyAya kI gAthAoM se milatI-julatI haiM, dekhiye DaoNkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye kI pravacanasAra kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 39 kA phuTanoTa / kArtikeya ne bhI kattigeyANuvekkhA kI racanA kI hai| isI prakAra bhagavatIbhArAdhanA meM 150 gAthAoM meM aura maraNasamAhIpainnA meM 70 gAthAoM meM bAraha anuprekSAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 2. dozI sakhArAma nemacanda, zolApura dvArA san 1921 meM prakAzita / paNDita jinadAsa pArzvanAtha nyAyatIrtha ne isakA marAThI anuvAda kiyA / mahAvIra presa, AgarA se vi0 saM0 1993 meM prakAzita kriyAkalApa meM bhI yaha saMgRhIta hai|

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bhagavatIArAdhanA 303 ko saMskRta dazabhakti aura kundakunda ko prAkRta dazabhakti kA racayitA mAnA hai| dazabhakti kA Arambha paMcaNamoyAra, maMgalasutta, loguttamAsutta, saraNasutta, aura sAmAiyasutta se hotA hai| tIrthaMkarabhakti meM 8 gAthAoM meM 24 tIrthakAroM ko namaskAra kiyA hai| isake bAda pratikramaNa aura AlocanA ke sUtra haiN| siddhabhakti meM siddhoM aura zrutabhakti meM dvAdazAMga zruta ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| cAritrabhakti meM sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasAMparAya aura yathAkhyAtacAritra nAma ke pA~ca cAritroM, tathA muniyoM ke mUlaguNoM aura uttaraguNoM kA ullekha hai| yogibhakti meM anagAroM kA stavana hai ; unakI RddhiyoM kA varNana hai| AcAryabhakti meM AcAryoM kI stuti hai| nirvANabhakti meM aSTApada, caMpA, Urjayanta, pAvA, sammedazikhara, gajapaMtha, zatrujaya, tuMgIgiri, suvarNagiri, revAtaTa, siddhivarakUTa, cUlagiri, droNagiri, aSTApada, mer3hagiri, kuMthalagiri, koTizilA, resiMdagiri, podanapura, hastinApura, vArANasI, mathurA, ahichatra, zrIpura, candraguhA' Adi tIrthasthAnoM kA ullekha hai| ina sthAnoM se aneka RSi-muniyoM ne nirvANa prApta kiyaa| paMcagurubhakti meM paJca parameSThiyoM kI stuti hai| zeSa bhaktiyoM meM nandIzvarabhakti aura zAntibhakti ke nAma Ate haiM / __ bhagavatIArAdhanA bhAgavatIArAdhanA athavA ArAdhanA digambara jaina sampradAya 1. ina tIrthoM meM bahuta se tIrthasthAna arvAcIna haiN| 2. navIna mahAvIrakIrtana ( 'seThIbandhu' dvArA vIra pustakamandira, mahAvIra jI, hiNDaula, rAjasthAna se san 1957 meM prakAzita) meM pRSTha 188-9 para ninvuikaDaM (nirvANakANDa) aura aisaikhittakaMDaM (atizayakSetrakAMDa ) chape haiN| inameM una muniyoM kI mahimA kA bakhAna hai jinhoMne aSTApada Adi punIta kSetroM se nirvANa prApta kiyaa| ___3. ArAdhanAsambandhI prAkRta meM aura bhI grantha likhe gaye haiM, jaise somasUri kA ArAdhanAparyanta, ArAdhanApaMcaka, abhayadevasUri kA ArA

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304 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kA eka prAcIna graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| isameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyakatapa ina cAra ArAdhanAoM kA vivecana hai| pradhAnatayA munidharma kA hI yahA~ varNana hai| dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai ki bhagavatIArAdhanA kI aneka mAnyatAe~ digambara muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra se mela nahIM khaatiiN| udAharaNa ke lie, rugNa muniyoM ke vAste anya muniyoM dvArA bhojana-pAna lAne kA yahA~ nirdeza hai / isI prakAra vijahanA adhikAra meM muni ke mRta zarIra ko jaMgala meM chor3a Ane kI vidhi batAI hai| zvetAmbaroM ke kalpa, vyavahAra, AcArAMga aura jItakalpa kA bhI ullekha yahA~ milatA hai| isameM saba milAkara 2166 (athavA 2170) gAthAyeM haiM jo 40 adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiN| bhASA isakI prAkRta athavA jaina-zaurasenI hai| pUrvAcAryoM dvArA nibaddha kI huI racanA ke AdhAra para pANitalabhojI zivArya athavA zivakoTi ne isa AcAra-pradhAna grantha kI racanA kI hai| bhagavanIArAdhanA ke racanAkAla kA ThIka patA nahIM lagA, lekina isake viSaya-vaNena se yaha graMtha utanA hI prAcIna lagatA hai jitane zvetAmbaroM ke Agama-graMtha hai| Avazyakaniyukti, bRhatkalpabhASya Adi zvetAmbaroM ke prAcIna graMthoM se bhagavatIArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAyeM milatI haiM, isase bhI isa graMtha kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / isa para . dhanAkulaka, vIrabhadrasUri kI ArAdhanApatAkA, ArAdhanAmAlA Adi ; DaoNkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye kI bRhatkathAkoza kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 48-9 / 1. muni anantakIrti digambara jaina granthamAlA meM vi0 saM0 1989 meM bambaI se prakAzita / dUsarA saMskaraNa mUlArAdhanA ke nAma se aparAjita aura AzAdhara kI TIkAoM ke zAtha zolApura se san 1935 meM prakAzita huA hai| 2. DaoNkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye ne bhagavatIArAdhanA kI gAthAoM kA saMthAraga, bhattaparinA aura maraNasamAhIpaiNNA tathA mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM se milAna kiyA hai, dekhiye bRhatkathAkoza kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 54 phuTanoTa; pravacanasAra kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 33, phuTanoTa /

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bhagavatI ArAdhanA 305 samaya-samaya para aneka prAkRta aura saMskRta TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiM / aparAjita sUri-jo zrIvijayAcArya bhI kahe jAte the-ne bhagavatIArAdhanA para vijayodayA athavA ArAdhanA TIkA likhI hai| dazavakAlika sUtra para bhI inakI vijayodayA nAma kI TIkA thii| aparAjitasUri kA samaya IsavI san kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bAda mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI TIkA suprasiddha paMDita AzAdhara jI ne likhI hai jisakA nAma mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa hai|' AzAdharajI kA samaya vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI hai / tIsarI TIkA kA nAma ArAdhanApaMjikA hai| isakI hastalikhita prati bhAMDArakara iMsTiTyUTa, pUnA meM hai| isake lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai| cauthI TIkA bhAvArthadIpikA hai; yaha bhI aprakAzita hai | mAthurasaMghIya amitagati ne bhagavatIArAdhanA kA saMskRta padyoM meM anuvAda kiyA hai| paMDita sadAsukha jI kAzalIvAla ne isa para bhASAvacanikA likhI hai| graMtha ke Arambha meM 17 prakAra ke maraNa batAye haiM, inameM paMDitapaMDitamaraNa, paMDitamaraNa aura bAlapaMDitamaraNa ko zreSTha kahA hai| paMDitamaraNa meM bhaktapratijJAmaraNa ko prazasta batAyA hai| liMga adhikAra meM Acelakya, loca, deha ke mamatva kA tyAga aura pratilekhana (mayUrapicchIkA dhAraNa karanA ) ye cAra nigraMthaliMga ke cihna hai / keza rakhane ke doSoM kA pratipAdana karate hue loca ko hI zreSTha batAyA hai / aniyatavihAra adhikAra meM nAnA dezoM meM vihAra karane ke guNa pratipAdana karate hue nAnA dezoM ke rItirivAja, bhASA aura zAstra Adi meM kuzalatA prApta karane kA vidhAna hai / bhAvanA adhikAra meM tapobhAvanA, zrutabhAvanA, satyabhAvanA, ekatvabhAvanA aura dhRtibalabhAvanA kA prarUpaNa hai| sallekhanA 1. paNDita AzAdhara ne apanI TIkA (pRSTha 643 ) meM bhagavatIArAdhanA kI eka prAkRta TIkA kA ullekha kiyA hai| 2. bhagavatIbhArAdhanA kI anya TIkAoM ke liye dekhiye nAthUrAmapremI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 83 Adi / 20 prA0sA0

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306 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa adhikAra meM sallekhanA kA nirUpaNa karate hue bAhya aura antara tapoM kA pratipAdana hai| sAdhuoM ke rahane yogya vasati ke lakSaNa batAye haiN| bhojana kI zuddhatA kA vistAra se varNana hai; yahA~ udgama, utpAdana Adi ATha dopoM ke nivAraNa kA vidhAna hai| kaSAyoM ke tyAga kA upadeza hai| anuviziSTa zikSA adhikAra meM vaiyAvRtya kA upadeza diyA hai| AryikA kI saMgati se dUra rahane kA upadeza hai jadi vi sayaM thirabuddhI, tahAvi saMsaggaladdhapasaro ya / aggisamIveva ghadaM, vileja cittaM khu ajaae| -yadi (muni kI) buddhi sthira ho to bhI jaise ghI ko agni ke pAsa rakhane se vaha pighala jAtA hai, vaise hI muni aura AyoM kA mana caMcala ho uThatA hai| aisI dazA meM kyA hotA hai khelapaDidamappaNaM Na taradi jaha macchiyA vimoceDhuM / ajjANucaro Na taradi, taha appaNaM vimoceddhuN|| -jaise zleSma meM par3I huI makkhI apane Apako chur3Ane meM asamartha hai, vaise hI AryAoM kA anucara banA huA sAdhu apane Apako chur3Ane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai| pArzvastha sAdhuoM kI saGgati ko vayaM kahA hai dujjaNasaMggIe saMkijjadi saMjado vi doseNa | pANAgAre duddhaM, piyaMtao baMbhaNo ceva // -durjana kI saMgati ke kAraNa saMyamI meM bhI doSa kI zaMkA kI jAne lagatI hai| jaise madirAlaya meM dUdha kA pAna karate hue brAhmaNa ko zaMkA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai / mArgaNA adhikAra meM AyAra, jIta aura kalpa kA ullekha hai / susthita adhikAra meM Acelakya, anaudezika Adi dasa prakAra kA zramaNakalpa (zramaNoM kA AcAra) kahA hai| Acelakya kA samarthana karate hue yahA~ TIkAkAra aparAjitasUri ne AcAra

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bhagavatI ArAdhanA 307 praNidhi (dazavakAlika kA AThavA~ adhyayana) AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, nizItha, bRhatkalpasUtra aura uttarAdhyayana nAmaka prAcIna AgamoM ke uddharaNa diye haiN| Agama, AjJA, zruta, dhAraNA aura jita yaha pA~ca prakAra kA vyavahAra batAyA hai, isakA vistAra sUtroM meM nirdiSTa hai| vyavahArasUtra kI mukhyatA batAI gaI hai / caudaha pUrva aura dvAdazAMga ke padoM kI saMkhyA kA prarUpaNa hai / AlocanA adhikAra meM AlocanA ke guNa-doSoM kA vivecana hai / anuziSTi adhikAra meM paJcanamaskAra mantra kA mAhAtmya hai| ahiMsA Adi pA~ca mahAvratoM kA prarUpaNa hai| AbhyaMtara zuddhi para jora dete hue kahA haighoDayalahisamANassa tassa abbhaMtaraMmi kudhidassa / bAhirakaraNaM kiM se kAhidi vagaNihudakaraNassa // -jaise ghor3e kI lIda bAhara se cikanI dikhAI detI hai lekina andara se durgandha ke kAraNa vaha mahA malina hai, usI prakAra muni yadi Upara-Upara se nagnatA Adi kevala bAhya zuddhi hI dhAraNa karatA hai to usakA AcaraNa bagule kI bhA~ti samajhanA caahiye| ___ aziva aura durbhikSa upasthita hone para, bhayAnaka vana meM pahu~ca jAne para, gAr3ha bhaya upasthita hone para aura roga se abhibhUta hone para bhI kulIna mAna ko nahIM chor3ate; ve surA kA pAna nahIM karate, mAMsa kA bhakSaNa nahIM karate, pyAja nahIM khAte, tathA kukarma aura nirlaja karma se dUra rahate haiN| dhyAna adhikAra meM cAra prakAra ke dhyAna, lezyA adhikAra meM chaH lezyAe~ aura bhAvanA adhikAra meM 12 bhAvanAoM kA prarUpaNa hai| yahA~ sukosala, gajasukumAra, anikAputra, bhadrabAhu, dharmaghoSa, abhayaghoSa, vidhuccara, cilAtaputra Adi aneka aneka muniyoM aura sAdhuoM kI paraMparAgata kathAyeM varNita haiM jinhoMne upasarga sahana kara siddhi prApta kii| vijahana nAma ke cAlIsaveM adhikAra meM muni ke mRtaka-saMskAra kA varNana hai| yahA~ kisI kSapaka kI mRtyu ho jAne para usake zava ko

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308 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nikAlane kI vidhi kA vistArapUrvaka varNana hai| jAgaraNa, baMdhana aura chedana kI vidhiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| mRtaka ke pAsa baiThakara rAtribhara jAgaraNa karane tathA usake hAtha aura paira ke aMgUThe ko bA~dha kara chedane kA vidhAna hai jisase koI vyantara usake zarIra meM praveza na kara jaaye| phira acchA sthAna dekha kara use DAbha, athavA IMToM ke cUrNa athavA vRkSa kI kesara se samatala karake, usa para kSapaka ke mRta zarIra ko sthApita kara jaMgala se lauTa Aye / ' mUlAcAra mUlAcAra ko AcArAMga bhI kahA jAtA hai, isake kartA vaTTakera AcArya haiM / vasudevanandi ne isa para TIkA likhI hai / mUlAcAra meM muniyoM ke AcAra kA pratipAdana hai / Avazyakaniyukti piNDaniyukti, bhattapariNNA aura maraNasamAhI Adi zvetAmbara granthoM se mUlAcAra kI bahuta sI gAthAyeM milatI haiN| isakA racanAkAla nizcita nahIM hai, phira bhI grantha kI racanA zailI dekhate hue yaha bhagavatI ArAdhanA jitanA hI prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| isameM bAraha adhikAra haiM jo 1252 gAthAoM meM vibhAjita haiN| mUla guNAdhikAra meM pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, pA~ca indriyoM kA nirodha, chaha Avazyaka, loca, acelakatva, asnAna, kSitizayana, adantadhAvana, sthitibhojana aura ekabhakta-isa prakAra 28 mUlaguNoM 1. bRhatkalpasUtra ke viSvAbhavanaprakaraNa (4.29) aura usake bhASya (5497-5565) meM isa viSaya kA vistAra se varNana hai| bRhatkalpabhASya aura bhagavatIArAdhanA kI isa viSayaka gAthAyeM hUbahU milatI haiN| 2. mANikacanda jaina granthamAlA bambaI meM vikrama saMvat 1977 aura 1980 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA hai| 3. paNDita sukhalAla jI ne paJcapratikramaNasUtra meM mUlAcAra kI una gAthAoM kI sUcI dI hai jo Avazyakaniyukti meM milatI haiN|

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mUlAcAra 309 kA varNana hai| vastra, ajina, valkala, aura patra Adi dvArA zarIra ke asaMvRta karane ko acelatva kahA hai | bRhatpratyAkhyAnasaMstava adhikAra meM kSapaka ko sarva pApoM kA tyAga karake maraNa samaya meM darzanArAdhanA Adi cAra ArAdhanAoM meM sthira rahane aura kSudhAdi parISahoM ko jItakara niSkaSAya hone kA upadeza hai| yahA~ mahendradatta dvArA eka hI dina meM mithilA nagarI meM kanakalatA, nAgalatA, vidyullatA aura kundalatA nAmakI striyoM, tathA sAgaraka, vallabhaka, kuladatta aura vardhamAna nAmaka puruSoM ke vadha karane kA ullekha hai|' saMkSepapratyAkhyAnAdhikAra meM siMha, vyAghra Adi dvArA Akasmika maraNa upasthita hone para sarva pApoM, kaSAya aura AhAra Adi kA tyAga kara samatA bhAva se prANa tyAga karane kA upadeza hai| samAcArAdhikAra meM dasa prakAra ke AcAroM kA varNana hai| taruNa muni ko taruNa saMyatI ke sAtha saMbhASaNa Adi karane kA niSedha hai| tIna, pA~ca athavA sAta kI saMkhyA meM paraspara saMrakSaNa kA bhAva mana meM dhAraNa karatI huI AryikAoM ko bhikSAgamana kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| AryikAoM ko AcArya se pA~ca hAtha dUra baiThakara aura upAdhyAya se chaha hAtha dUra baiThakara unakI vaMdanA karanI caahiye| paMcAcArAdhikAra meM darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra Adi pA~ca AcAra aura usake bhedoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| yahA~ laukika mUr3hatA meM kauTilya, AsurakSa, mahAbhArata aura rAmAyaNa 1. TIkAkAra ne ina kathAnakoM ko bhAgama se avagata karane ke liye 2. isa viSaya ke vistAra ke lie dekhiye bRhatkalpabhASya 3. 4106 aadi| 3. vyavahArabhASya (1, pRSTha 132) meM mAThara aura kauMDinya kI daNDanIti ke sAtha Asurukkha kA ullekha hai| gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa, pR0 117 ) meM bhI isakA nAma AyA hai / lalitavistara (pRSTha 156) meM ise Asurya nAma se kahA gayA hai|

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310 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kA udAharaNa diyA hai| svAdhyAyasambandhI niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / gaNadhara, pratyekabuddha, zruta kevalI athavA abhinnadazapUrvI dvArA kathita graMtha ko sUtra kahA hai| ArAdhanAniyukti, maraNavibhakti, saMgraha (paMcasaMgraha Adi), stuti (devAgama Adi), pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka aura dharmakathA nAma ke sUtroM kA yahA~ ullekha hai / rAtribhojana ke doSa batAye haiM / piNDazuddhi adhikAra meM muniyoM ke AhAra Adi 46 doSoM kA varNana hai / Arambha meM udgama, utpAdana, eSaNa, saMyojana, pramANa, iMgAla, dhUma aura kAraNa doSoM kA pratipAdana hai / SaDAvazyaka adhikAra meM sAmayika Adi chaha AvazyakoM kA nAma Adi nikSepoM dvArA prarUpaNa hai| yahA~ kRtikarma aura kAyotsarga ke doSoM kA varNana hai| arhat, AcArya Adi zabdoM kI nirukti batAI hai| RSabhadeva ke ziSya RjusvabhAvI aura jar3a the, tathA mahAvIra ke ziSya vakra aura jar3a the, ataeva ina donoM tIrthaMkaroM ne chedopasthApanA kA upadeza diyA hai, jabaki zeSa tIrthakaroM ne sAmAyika kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / pArzvastha, kuzIla, saMsakta muni, apasaMjJa aura mRgacaritra nAmaka muniyoM ko vaMdana ke ayogya batAyA hai| AlocanA ke prakAra batAye gaye haiM | RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ke ziSya sarvaniyamoM ke pratikramaNa daNDakoM ko bolate the, anya tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSya nahIM / anagAra bhAvanAdhikAra meM liMga, vrata, vasati, vihAra, bhikSA, jJAna, zarIra saMskAratyAga, vAkya, tapa aura dhyAnasambandhI dasa zuddhiyoM kA pAlana karanevAle muni ko mokSa kI prApti batAI hai| vAkyazuddhinirUpaNa meM strI, artha, bhakta, kheTa, kaTa, rAja, cora, janapada, nasara aura Akara nAmaka kathAoM kA ullekha hai| prANisaMyama aura indriyasaMyamarUpI ArakSakoM dvArA 1. milAiye uttarAdhyayana (23. 26) kI nimnalikhita gAthA ke sAtha purimA ujjujaDA u baMkajaDA ya pacchimA / majisamA ujjupanAu teNa dhamme duhAkae //

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mUlAcAra 311 taparUpI nagara kA rakSaNa kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| dvAdazAnuprekSA adhikAra meM anitya, azaraNa Adi bAraha anuprekSAoM kA svarUpa batAyA hai| samayasArAdhikAra meM zAstra ke sAra kA pratipAdana karate hue cAritra ko sarvazreSTha kahA hai| sAdhu ke liye picchI ko Avazyaka batAyA hai| jIvoM kI rakSA ke liye yatanA ko sarvazreSTha kahA haipraznaH-kadhaM care kadhaM ciTThe kadhamAse kadhaM saye / ___ kadhaM bhuMjeja bhAsejja kadhaM pAvaM Na bajjhadi / / -kisa prakAra AcaraNa kare, kaise uThe, kaise baiThe, kaise soye, kaise khAye, kaise bole jisase pApakarma kA bandha na ho / uttara-jadaM care jadaM cir3he jadamAse jadaM sye| jadaM bhuMjejja bhAsejja evaM pAvaM Na bajjhai // yatnapUrvaka AcAraNa kare, yatnapUrvaka uThe, yatnapUrvaka baiThe, yannapUrvaka soye, yatnapUrvaka bhojana kare, yanapUrvaka bole-isase pApakarma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| paryApti adhikAra meM chaha paryAptiyoM kA varNana hai| paryApti ke saMjJA, lakSaNa, svAmitva, saMkhyAparimANa, nirvRti aura sthitikAla ye chaha bheda batAye haiM / yahA~ guNasthAnoM aura mArgaNAoM Adi kA prarUpaNa hai / zIlaguNa nAmaka adhikAra meM 18 hajAra zIla ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai| 1. dazavaikAlikasUtra (4. 6-7) meM ye gAthAyeM nimnarUpa meM milI haiM kahaM care kahaM ciThe, kahamAse kahaM sye| kahaM bhuMjato bhAsaMto, pAvaM kammaM na baMdhai // jayaM care jayaM ciThe jayamAse jayaM sae / jayaM bhuMjato bhAsaMto pAvaM kammaM na baMdhai // DaoNkTara e. ema. ghATage ne iNDiyana hisTorikala kvArTI, 1935 meM apane 'dazavaikAlikaniyukti' nAmaka lekha meM mUlAcAra aura dazavaikAlikaniyukti kI gAthAoM kA milAna kiyA hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kattigeyANuvekkhA ( kArtikeyAnuprekSA ) kArtikeyAnuprekSA' ke kartA svAmI kArtikeya athavA kumAra haiM / ye IsavI sana kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn mAne jAte haiN| kundakundakRta bArasa aNuokkhA aura prastuta graMtha meM viSaya aura bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se bahuta kucha samAnatA dekhane meM AtI hai / isa graMtha meM 486 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM adhruva, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azucirava, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha aura dharma nAma kI 12 anuprekSAoM kA vistAra se varNana hai / anta meM 12 tapoM kA pratipAdana hai| gommaTasAra gommaTasAra ke kartA dezIyagaNa ke nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI hai jo gaMgavaMzIya rAjA rAcamalla ke pradhAnamantrI aura senApati cAmuNDarAya ke samakAlIna the| cAmuNDarAya ne zravaNabelagula kI suprasiddha bAhubali yA gommaTa (bAhubali) svAmI kI pratimA pratiSThita kI thI, isaliye ye gommaTarAya bhI kahe jAte the / nemicandra vikrama kI 11vI zatAbdI ke vidvAn the, aura siddhAMtazAstra ke advitIya paNDita hone ke kAraNa siddhAMtacakravartI kahe jAte the| nemicandra ne likhA hai ki jaise koI cakravartI apane cakra dvArA pRthvI ke chaha khaNDoM ko nirvighnarUpa se apane vaza meM kara letA hai, vaise hI maiMne apane matirUpI cakradvArA chaha khaNDa ke siddhAMta kA samyaka rUpa se sAdhana kiyA hai| nemicandra ne apane graMtha kI prazasti meM vIranandi AcArya kA smaraNa kiyA hai| dhavala Adi mahAsiddhAMta graMthoM ke AdhAra se unhoMne gommaTasAra kI racanA kI hai| gommaTasAra kA 1. svargIya paMDita jayacanda jI kI bhASATIkA sahita gAMdhI nAthAraMga jI dvArA IsavI san 1904 meM baMbaI se prakAzita / yaha grantha pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA meM bhI paM0 maheMdrakumAra jI jaina pATanI ke hindI anuvAda sahita prakAzita huA hai|

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gommaTasAra 313 dUsarA nAma paMcasaMgraha, gommaTasaMgraha yA gommaTasaMgrahasUtra bhI hai| ise prathama siddhAMtagraMtha yA prathama zrutaskaMdha bhI kahA gayA hai| gommaTasAra ke atirikta nemicandra ne trilokasAra, labdhisAra aura kSapaNAsAra kI bhI racanA kI hai| prAyaH dhavala, mahAdhavala aura jayadhavala Adi TIkAgranthoM ke AdhAra se hI ye grantha likhe gaye haiN| gommaTasAra para nemicandra ke ziSya cAmuNDarAya ne karNATaka meM vRtti likhI thI, isakA nemicandra ne avalokana kiyA thaa| bAda meM isa vRtti ke AdhAra se kezavavarNI ne saMskRta meM TIkA likhii| phira abhayacandra siddhAMtacakravartI ne mandaprabodhinI nAmakI saMskRta TIkA kI racanA kii| uparyukta donoM saMskRta TIkAoM ke AdhAra se paNDita ToDaramala jI ne samyagjJAnacandrikA nAmakI hindI TIkA likhii| gommaTasAra do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-eka jIvakAMDa', dUsarA karmakAMDa / jIvakAMDa meM mahAkarmaprAbhUta ke siddhAMtasambandhI jIvasthAna, kSudrabaMdha, baMdhasvAmI, vedanAkhaMDa, aura vargaNAkhaMDa ina pA~ca viSayoM kA varNana hai| yahA~ guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa, paryApti, prANa, saMjJA, 14 mArgaNA aura upayoga ina 20 adhikAroM meM jIva kI aneka avasthAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| karmakAMDa meM 'prakRtisamutkIrtana, baMdhodayasatva, satvasthAnabhaMga, tricUlikA, sthAnasamutkIrtana, pratyaya, bhAvacUlikA, trikaraNacUlikA aura karmasthitiracanA nAmaka nau adhikAroM meM karmoM kI avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 1. rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA baMbaI se san 1927 meM prakAzita / 2. uparyukta zAstramAlA meM saMvat 1985 meM prakAzita / karmakAMDa para dilArAma dvArA phArasI bhASA meM koI TIkA likhe jAne kA ullekha milatA hai (kaiTalAga oNksaphorDa, 1864) / yaha sUcanA mujhe zAMtiniketana (baMgAla ) ke phArasI ke prophesara svargIya jiyAuddIna dvArA prApta huI thii|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa trilokasAra trilokasAra karaNAnuyoga kA eka suprasiddha grantha hai|' gommaTasAra kI bhA~ti yaha bhI eka saMgraha-graMtha hai| isameM bahuta sI paramparAgata prAcIna gAthA graMtha ke aMga ke rUpa meM sammilita kara lI gaI haiN| cAmuMDarAya ke pratibodha ke lie yaha likhA gayA thaa| mAdhavacandra vidya ne isa para saMskRta meM TIkA likhI hai| mUla grantha meM bhI inakI banAI huI kaI gAthAyeM zAmila ho gaI haiN| isameM kula milAkara 1018 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM lokasAmAnya, bhavana, vyaMtaraloka, jyotirloka, vaimAnikaloka, aura narakatiryagloka nAmaka adhikAroM meM tIna lokoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| labdhisAra isa grantha meM vistArasahita karmoM se mukta hone kA upAya batAyA hai / kSapaNAsAra bhI isI meM garbhita hai| rAjA cAmuMDarAya ke nimitta se isa graMtha kI racanA kI gaI hai| kaSAyaprAbhRta nAmaka jayadhavala siddhAMta ke 15 adhikAroM meM se pazcimaskaMdha nAma ke 15ve adhikAra ke AdhAra se yaha likhA gayA hai| karmoM meM mohanIya karma sabase adhika balavAna hai jise mithyAtva karma / bhI kahA hai| labdhisAra meM isa karma se mukta hone ke lie pA~ca labdhiyoM kA varNana hai| inameM karaNalabdhi mukhya hai jisase mithyAtva kama chUTa jAne se samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai| labdhisAra meM darzanalabdhi, cAritralabdhi, aura kSAyikacAritra nAma ke tIna adhikAra haiN| upazamacAritra adhikAra taka hI kezavavarNI ne TIkA likhI hai| isake AdhAra se paMDita ToDaramalajI ne bhASATIkA kI racanA kI hai| kSapaNAdhikAra kI gAthAoM kA 1. gAMdhI nAthAraMga jI dvArA san 1911 meM baMbaI se prakAzita / 2. rAyacandra jaina zAstrAmAlA meM IsavI san 1916 meM baMbaI se prkaashit|

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315 dravyasaMgraha vyAkhyAna mAdhavacandra vidya ne saMskRta gadya meM kiyA hai, isI se ise labdhisAra kSapaNasAra kahA jAtA hai| dravyasaMgraha dravyasaMgraha ko bhI koI nemicandra siddhAMtacakravartI kI racanA mAnate haiM / isameM kula 58 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla tathA karma, tatva, dhyAna Adi kI carcA hai| isa para brahmadeva kI saMskRta meM bRhat TIkA hai|' paMDita dyAnatarAya ne dravyasaMgraha kA chandonubaddha hindI anuvAda kiyA hai| ___ jaMbuddIvapaNNattisaMgaha yaha karaNAnuyoga kA grantha hai jisake kartA padmanandimuni haiM / 2 padmanandi ne apane Apako guNagaNakalita, tridaMDarahita, trizalyaparizuddha Adi batAte hue apane ko balanandi kA ziSya kahA hai| balanandi paJcAcAraparipAlaka AcArya vIranandi ke ziSya the| vArA nagara meM isa grantha kI racanA huI; yaha nagara pAriyatta (pAriyAtra) deza ke antargata thA / siMhasUri ke lokavibhAga meM jambuddIvapaNNatti kA ullekha milatA hai, isase * isa graMtha kA racanA-kAla 11vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hone kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| jambuddIpapaNNatti kA bahuta sA viSaya 1. yaha sekreDa buksa oNva da jainsa sIrIz2a meM san 1917 meM ArA se prakAzita huI hai| zaraccandra ghopAla ne mUla grantha kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA hai| 2. DaoNkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye aura DaoNkTara hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita; jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, zolApura se san 1958 meM prakAzita / isa grantha kI prastAvanA meM 'tiloyapaNNatti kA gaNita' nAma kA eka mahatvapUrNa nivandha diyA hai| 3. isakI pahacAna koTA ke bArA kasbe se kI jAtI hai| dekhie paNDita nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 259 / /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tiloyapaNNatti meM milatA hai, donoM kI bahuta sI gAthAyeM bhI samAna haiN| baTTakera ke mUlAcAra aura nemicandra ke trilokasAra kI gAthAyeM bhI jambuddIvapaNNatti meM pAI jAtI haiN| isa graMtha meM 2386 gAthAyeM haiM jo upoddhAta, bharata-airAvata varSa, zaila-nadI bhogabhUmi, sudarzana (meru), mandarajinabhavana, devottarakuru, kakSAvijaya, pUrva videha, aparavideha, lavaNasamudra, dvIpasAgara, adhaHUrdhvasiddhaloka, jyotirloka aura pramANapariccheda nAmaka teraha uddezoM meM vibhAjita haiM / yahA~ mahAvIra ke bAda kI AcAryaparamparA dI hai| pahale gautama, lohArya (jinheM sudharmA bhI kahA gayA hai), aura jambUsvAmI nAma ke tIna gaNadhara hue; phira nandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu nAma ke caudaha pUrva aura bAraha aMga ke dhAraka muni hue| isake bAda vizAkhAcArya, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtiSeNa, vijaya, buddhilla, gaMgadeva aura dharmasena-ye dasa pUrvadhArI hue| phira nakSatra, yazaHpAla, pANDu, dhruvasena aura kaMsa ye pA~ca gyAraha aMgoM ke dhArI hue| inake pazcAt subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu aura loha (lohAcArya ) AcArAMgasUtra ke dhAraka hue| dhammarasAyaNa dhammarasAyaNa' nAma kA padmanandi kA eka aura graMtha hai| isameM 163 gAthAoM meM dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| nayacakra nayacakra ko laghu nayacakra nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake kartA devasenasUri haiM jo IsavI san kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiN| nayacakra meM 87 gAthAoM meM nayoM kA svarUpa batAya 1. yaha siddhAMtasAra, kalANAloyaNA Adi ke sAtha siddhAMtasArAdisaMgraha meM mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, baMbaI se vi0 saM0 1979 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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318 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa karate hue dukha ke bhAgI hote haiN| mana rUpI vRkSa ko nirmUla karane ke lie usakI rAga-dveSa rUpI zAkhAoM ko kATa unheM niSphala banAkara moharUpI jala se vRkSa ko na sIMcane kA upadeza diyA hai| jaise jala kA saMyoga pAkara lavaNa usameM vilIna ho jAtA hai vaise hI citta dhyAna meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| isase zubha aura azubha karmoM ke dagdha ho jAne se AtmArUpI agni prakaTa hotI hai / parISahoM ke sambandha meM kahA hai jahaM jahaM pIDA jAyai bhukkhAiparIsahehiM dehassa | tahaM tahaM galaMti praNaM cirabhavabaddhAiM kmmaaii|| -jaise jaise bubhukSA Adi parISaha sahana karane se isa deha ko pIr3A hotI hai, vaise-vaise cirakAla se ba~dhe hue karmoM kA nAza hotA hai| tatvasAra dharmapravartana aura bhavyajanoM ke bodha ke lie isa graMtha kI racanA kI gaI hai| sakalakIrti kI isa para TIkA hai| isameM 74 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM tatva ke sAra kA prarUpaNa hai| dhyAna se mokSa kI siddhi batAI hai calaNarahio maNusso jaha baMdhai merusihrmaaruhiuN| . taha jhANeNa vihINo icchai kammakkhayaM sAhU // -jaise binA pA~va kA koI manuSya meru ke zikhara para car3hanA cAhe, usI prakAra dhyAnavihIna sAdhu karmoM ke kSaya kI icchA karatA hai| 1. milAiye-kaNhapA ke dohAkoSa (32) ke sAthajima loNa vilijai pANiehi timi pariNi laha citta / samarasa jAI takkhaNe jai puNu te samaNitta // 2. mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA se vi0 saM0 1977 meM prakAzita tatvAnuzAsanAdisaMgraha meM saMgRhIta /

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319 darzanasAra AtmadhyAna kI mukhyatA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hailahai Na bhavvo mokkhaM jAvai paradavvavAvaDo citto| uggatavaM pi kuNaMto suddhe bhAve lahuM lahai // -jaba taka para-dravya meM citta lagA huA hai taba taka bhavya puruSa mokSa prApta nahIM karatA; ugra tapa karatA huA vaha zIghra hI zuddha bhAva ko prApta hotA hai| darzanasAra darzanasAra' meM pUrvAcAryakRta 51 gAthAoM kA saMgraha hai| devasenasUri ne dhArAnagarI ke pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM vikrama saMvat 660 (IsavI san 633) meM isakI racanA kI / yaha racanA bahuta adhika prAmANika nahIM mAnI jAtI / isameM bauddha, zvetAmbara Adi matoM kI utpatti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| RSabhadeva ke mithyAtvI pautra marIci ko samasta mata-pravartakoM kA agraNI batAyA hai / pArzvanAtha ke tIrtha meM pihitAzrava ke ziSya buddhakIrti muni ko bauddhadharma kA pravartaka kahA hai| usake mata meM mAMsa aura madya ke bhakSaNa meM doSa nahIM hai| rAjA vikramAditya kI mRtyu ke 136 varSe bAda saurASTra ke antargata valabhI nagara meM zvatAMbara saMgha kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| bhadrabAhugaNi ke ziSya 1. paMDita nAthUrAma premI dvArA saMpAdita aura jaina graMtha ratnAkarakAryAlaya, baMbaI dvArA vi0 saM0 1974 meM prkaashit| 2. mAthurasaMgha ke suprasiddha AcArya amitagati ne apanI dharmaparIkSA (6) meM bauddhadarzana kI utpatti ke sambandha meM likhA hai ruSTaH zrIvIranAthasya tapasvI bhauDilAyanaH / ziSyaH zrIpArzvanAthasya vidadhe buddhadarzanam // -pArzvanAtha kI ziSya paramparA meM mauDilAyana (maudgalyAyana) nAmaka tapasvI ne mahAvIra se ruSTa hokara bauddhadarzana claayaa| 3. zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra boDiya (digambara) mata kI utpatti kA samaya bhI lagabhaga yahI hai, dekhiye nAthUrAma premI, darzanasAravivecanA, pRSTha 28 /

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320 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zAnti AcArya the, unake zithilAcArI ziSya jinacandra ne isa dharma ko pravartita kiyaa| isa mata meM strImukti aura kevalIbhukti kA samarthana hai| isake pazcAt viparItamata (brAhmaNamata) aura vainAyikamata kI utpatti batAI hai| mahAvIra bhagavAna ke tIrtha meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara ke saMgha ke kisI gaNI ke ziSya kA nAma maskarI pUrana' thA, usane ajJAnamata kA upadeza diyA / isake bAda drAvir3a, yApanIya, kASThA, mAthura aura bhillaka saMghoM kI utpatti kA kathana hai| devasena ne unheM jainAbhAsa kahA hai| ___ pUjyapAda (devanandi) ke ziSya vajranandi ne vikrama rAjA kI mRtyu ke 526 varSa pazcAt mathurA meM drAvir3a saMgha calAyA | vajranandi prAbhRta-graMthoM ke vettA the, unheM aprAzuka (sacitta) canoM ke bhakSaNa karane se rokA gayA, para ve na mAne ; unhoMne prAyazcitta-granthoM kI racanA kii| kalyANa nAmaka nagara meM vikrama 1. bauddha granthoM ke anusAra maMkhali gozAla aura pUraNakassapa ye donoM alaga vyakti the| 2. isa grantha meM ullikhita drAvir3a saMgha kI utpatti ke samaya ko chor3akara zeSa saMghoM kA utpattikAla ThIka nahIM baitthtaa| ina saMghoM meM Ajakala kevala kASTAsaMgha hI vAkI bacA hai, zeSa saMghoM kA lopa ho gayA hai| kaI jagaha mAthurasaMgha ko kASThAsaMgha kI hI zAkhA svIkAra kiyA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne kASThAsaMgha (gopucchaka) kI zvetAmbara, drAvir3a saMgha, yApanIya saMgha aura niHpicchika (mAthura saMgha) ke sAtha gaNanA kara ina pA~coM ko jainAbhAsa kahA hai ( dekhiye, bhaddAraka indranandikRta nItisAra ) / yApanIya saMgha ko gopyasaMgha bhI kahA gayA hai| AcArya zAkaTAyana isI saMgha ke eka AcArya the| yApanIya saMgha ke anuyAyI strImukti aura kevalIbhukti ko svIkAra karate the| haribhadrasUrikRta SaDdarzanasamuccaya para guNaratna kI TIkA ke cauthe adhyAya meM digambara sampradAya ke kASThA, mUla, mAthura aura gopya saMghoM kA paricaya diyA hai| dekhiye nAthUrAma premI, darzanasAra-vivecanA ; tathA 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' meM yApanIyoM kA sAhitya nAmaka lekha /

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bhAvasaMgraha 321 rAjA kI mRtyu ke 705 varSa bAda kalaza nAmaka kisI zvetAMbara sAdhu ne yApanIya saMgha kI sthApanA kii| vIrasena ke ziSya AcArya jinasena hue, unake pazcAt vinayasena aura phira unake bAda AcArya guNabhadra hue| vinayasena ne kumArasena muni ko dIkSA dii| dIkSA se bhraSTa hokara kumArasena ne mayUrapiccha kA tyAga kara diyA aura camara (camarI gAya ke bAloM kI picchI) grahaNa kara ve bAgar3a deza meM unmArga kA pracAra karane lge| unhoMne striyoM ko dIkSita karane kA, kSullakoM ko vIracaryA kA, muniyoM ko bar3e bAloM kI picchI rakhane kA aura rAtribhojana tyAga kA upadeza diyaa| apane Agama, zAstra, purANa aura prAyazcitta graMthoM kI unhoMne racanA kii| vikrama rAjA kI mRtyu ke 753 varSa pazcAta unhoMne nandItaTa grAma meM kASThAsaMgha kI sthApanA kii| isake 200 varSa bAda (vikrama rAjA kI mRtyu ke 653 varSe pazcAt ) rAmasena ne mathurA meM mAthurasaMgha calAyA / usane picchI dhAraNa karane kA sarvathA niSedha kiyaa| tatpazcAt vIracandra muni ke sambandha meM bhaviSyavANI kI ki vaha vikrama rAjA kI mRtyu ke 1800 varSa pazcAt dakSiNa deza meM millakasaMgha kI sthApanA karegA / vaha apanA eka alaga gaccha banAyegA, alaga pratikramaNa vidhi calAyegA aura alaga-alaga kriyAoM kA upadeza degaa| bhAvasaMgraha bhAvasaMgraha meM darzanasAra kI aneka gAthAyeM uddhRta haiN| isameM 701 gAthAyeM haiN| sabase pahale snAna ke doSa batAte hue snAna kI jagaha tapa aura indriyanigraha se jIva kI zuddhi batAI hai| phira mAMsa ke dUSaNa aura mithyAtva ke bheda batAye gaye haiN| caudaha guNasthAnoM ke svarUpa kA yahA~ pratipAdana hai| 1. mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA dvArA vi0 saM0 1978 meM prakAzita bhAvasaMgrahAdi meM saMgRhIta / 21 mA0 sA0

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pha22 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bRhatnayacakra isakA vAstavika nAma vvasahAvapayAsa (dravyasvabhAvaprakAza) hai jisameM dravya, guNa, paryAya, darzana, jJAna aura caritra Adi viSayoM kA varNana hai| yaha eka saMgraha-graMtha hai jo 423 gAthAoM meM pUrNa huA hai | graMtha ke anta meM dI huI gAthAoM se patA lagatA hai ki vvasahAyapayAsa nAma kA koI graMtha dohA chandoM meM banAyA huA thA, usI ko mAilladhavala ne gAthAoM meM likhA / devasena yogI ke caraNoM ke prasAda se isa graMtha kI racanA kI gaI hai / gAthAoM ke saMgrahakartA mAiladhavala ne nayacakra ke kartA guru devasena ko namaskAra kiyA hai| mAilladhavala ne nayacakra ko apane prastuta graMtha meM garmita kara liyA hai / isa graMtha meM pIThikA, guNa, paryAya, dravyasAmAnya, paMcAstikAya, padArtha, pramANa, naya, nikSepa, darzana, jJAna, sarAgacAritra, vItarAgacAritra aura nizcayacAritra nAma ke adhikAroM meM viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jJAnasAra jJAnasAra ke kartA padmasiMha muni haiM, vi0 saM0 1086 (IsavI san 1026 ) meM unhoMne isa laghu grantha kI racanA kI hai| isameM 63 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM yogI, guru, dhyAna Adi kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| vasunandizrAvakAcAra vasunandizrAvakAcAra ke kartA AcArya vasunandi haiM jinakA samaya IsavI sana kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA 1. mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA meM san 1920 meM prakAzita nayacakrasaMgraha meM saMgRhIta / 2. mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA meM tatvAnuzAsanAdisaMgraha ke antargata vi0 saM0 1977 meM bambaI se prakAzita / 3. paMDita hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita; bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI dvArA san 1952 meM prakAzita /

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zrutaskandha 323 hai| paNDita AzAdhara jI ne sAgAradharmAmRta kI TIkA meM vasunandi kA ullekha bar3e AdarapUrvaka karate hue unake zrAvakAcAra kI gAthAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| isameM kula milAkara 546 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM zrAvakoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| Arambha meM samyagdarzana kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda batAye gaye haiN| ajIva ke varNana meM skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANuoM ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai / dyUta, madya, mAMsa, vezyA, zikAra, corI aura paradArasevana nAma ke sAta vyasanoM kA prarUpaNa hai / vratapratimA ke antargata 12 vratoM kA nirdeza hai / dAna ke phala kA vistRta varNana hai| paJcamI, rohiNI, azvinI, saukhya-sampatti, nandIzvarapaMkti aura vimAnapaMkti nAmaka vratoM kA vidhAna hai| pUjA kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| zrutadevI kI sthApanA kA vidhAna aura pratiSThAvidhi kA vistRta varNana hai / pUjana ke phala kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zrutaskandha zrutaskandha' ke kartA brahmacArI hemacandra haiM / unhoMne tailaGga ke kuNDanagara ke udyAna ke kisI jinAlaya meM baiThakara isa graMtha kI racanA kI thii| hemacandra rAmanandi saiddhAMtika ke ziSya the| isase adhika graMthakartA ke viSaya meM aura kucha patA nahIM cltaa| zrutaskandha meM 64 gAthAyeM haiN| yahA~ dvAdazAMga zruta kA paricaya karAte hue dvAdazAMga ke sakalazruta ke akSaroM kI saMkhyA batAI hai| sAmAyika, stuti, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa kalpAkalpa, mahAkalpa, puMDarIka, mahApuMDarIka aura nizIthikA Adi kI gaNanA aMgabAhya zruta meM kI hai| caturthakAla meM cAra varSoM meM sAr3he tIna mAsa avazeSa rahane para kArtika kRSNa caturdazI ke dina vIra bhagavAn ne siddhi 1. mANikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA meM tatvAnuzAsanAdisaMgraha ke antargata vi0 saM0 1977 meM bambaI se prakAzita /

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324 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prApta kii| mahAvIra nirvANa ke 100 varSa pazcAt koI zrutakevalI utpanna nahIM huaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu aSTAMganimitta ke vettA the| dharasena muni caudaha pUrvo ke antargata agrAyaNIpUrva ke karmaprakati nAmaka adhikAra ke vettA the| unhoMne bhUtabali aura puSpadanta nAma ke muniyoM ko AgamoM ke kucha aMza kI zikSA dI / tatpazcAt unhoMne chaha adhikAroM meM SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kii| nijAtmASTaka isameM kevala ATha gAthAyeM haiM | isake kartA yogIndradeva haiM / yogIndradeva ne paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra kI apabhraMza meM tathA amRtAzIti kI saMskRta meM racanA kI hai| inakA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva mAnA gayA hai| chedapiNDa cheda kA artha prAyazcitta hotA hai, ise malaharaNa, pApanAzana, zuddhi, puNya, pavitra aura pAvana nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| chedapiNDa meM 362 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM pramAda athavA darpa ke kAraNa vrata, samiti, mUlaguNa, uttaraguNa, tapa, gaNa Adi sambandhI pApa lagane para sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| isa graMtha ke kartA indranandi yogIndra haiM jinakA samaya vikrama kI . lagabhaga caudahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai / bhAvatribhaMgI bhAvatribhaMgI ko bhAvasaMgraha nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| isake kartA zrutamuni haiM / bAlacandra muni inake dIkSAguru the / zrutamuni kA 1. siddhAMtasAra, kallANAloyaNA, nijAtmASTaka, dhammarasAyaNa, aura aMgapaNNatti siddhAMsasArAdisaMgraha meM mANikacanda digambara jaina graMtha-mAlA, bambaI se vikrama saMvat 1979 meM prakAzita hue haiN| 2. chedapiNDa aura chedazAstra mANikacanda digambara jaina graMthamAlA dvArA vi0 saM0 1978 meM prakAzita prAyazcittasaMgraha meM saMgRhIta haiN|

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AsravatribhaMgI 325 samaya vikrama saMvat kI 15vIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| bhAvatribhaMgI meM 116 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM aupazamika, kSAyika, mizra, audayika aura pAriNAmika bhAvoM kA vivecana hai / isa graMtha kI saMdRSTi racanA alaga se dI huI hai| AsravatribhaMgI AsravatribhaMgI' zrutamuni kI dUsarI racanA hai| isameM 62 gAthAyeM haiM, inameM mithyAtva, aviramaNa, kaSAya aura yoga nAma ke AsravoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vivecana hai | isakI bhI saMdRSTi alaga dI huI hai| siddhAntasAra siddhAntasAra ke kartA jinacandra AcArya haiN| inakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1516 ( IsavI san 1462) ke AsapAsa mAnA jAtA hai| isa grantha meM 78 gAthAoM meM siddhAMta kA sAra pratipAdana kiyA hai / siddhAMtasAra ke Upara bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ne saMskRta meM bhASya likhA hai| jJAnabhUSaNa kA samaya vi0 saM0 1534 se 1561 (IsavI san 1477 se 1504) taka mAnA gayA hai| ye mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha aura balAtkAragaNa ke pratiSThita vidvAn the| aMgapaNNatti aGgaprajJapti meM 12 aGga aura 14 pUrvo kI prajJapti kA varNana hai / cUlikAprakIrNaprajJapti meM sAmAyika, stava, pratikramaNa, vinaya, kRtikarma, tathA dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa-vyavahAra, kalpAkalpa, mahAkalpa, mahApuMDarIka, Nisehiya (nizIthikA) aura caturdaza prakIrNaka (paiNNA) kA ullekha hai| aGgaprajJapti ke kartA zubhacandra haiM jo uparyukta siddhAntasAra ke bhASyakartA jJAnabhUSaNa 1. bhAvatribhaMgI aura AsravatribhaMgI mANikacanda digambara jaina graMthamAlA se vi0 saM0 1978 meM prakAzita bhAvasaMgrahAdi meM saMgRhIta haiM /

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326 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ke praziSya the| bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa kI bhA~ti bhaTTAraka zubhacandra bhI bahuta bar3e vidvAn the| ve trividhavidyAdhara (zabda, yukti aura paramAgama ke jJAtA) aura SaTabhASAkavicakravartI ke nAma se prakhyAta the| gauDa, kaliMga, karNATaka, gurjara, mAlava Adi dezoM ke vAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara unhoMne jainadharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| kallANAloyaNA kalyANAlocanA ke kartA ajitabrahma yA ajitabrahmacArI haiN| inakA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| inake guru kA nAma devendrakIrti thA, aura bhaTTAraka vidyAnandi ke Adeza se bhRgukaccha meM inhoMne hanumaccaritra kI racanA kI thii| yaha grantha 54 gAthAoM meM samApta hotA hai / DhADhasIgAthA isake' kartA koI kASThasaMghI AcArya haiM / 16vIM zatAbdI ke zrutasAgara sUri ne SaTpAhuDa kI TIkA meM isa grantha kI eka gAthA uddhata kI hai| graMthakartA ke sambandha meM aura kucha vizeSa patA nahIM calatA | DhADhasIgAthA meM 38 gAthAyeM haiN| hiMsA ke sambandha meM kahA hai rakkhaMto vi Na rakkhai sakasAo jaivi jaivaro hoi| mAraMto pi ahiMso kasAyarahio Na saMdeho / / -yadi koI yativara kaSAyayukta hai to jIvoM kI rakSA karatA huA bhI vaha jIvarakSA nahIM krtaa| tathA kaSAyarahita jIva jIvoM kA hanana karatA huA bhI ahiMsaka kahA jAtA hai, isameM sandeha nhiiN| 1. mANikacanda digambara jaina graMthamAlA dvArA vi0 saM0 1977 meM prakAzita tatvAnuzAsanAdisaMgraha meM saMgRhIta haiN|

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chedazAstra 327 chedazAstra ise chedanavati bhI kahA gayA hai, isameM 60 gAthAyeM (64) haiM / isa para eka laghuvRtti hai| durbhAgya se na to mUla granthakartA kA aura na vRttikAra kA hI koI patA calatA hai | isameM vrata, samiti Adi sambandhI doSoM ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai| 1. chedapiNDa aura chedazAstra mANikacanda digambara jaina graMthamAlA dvArA vi0 saM0 1978 meM prakAzita prAyazcittasaMgraha meM saMgRhIta haiN|

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya AgamottarakAlIna jainadharmasaMbaMdhI sAhitya (IsavI san kI 5vIM zatAbdI se lekara 10vIM zatAbdI taka) __ Agama-sAhitya ke atirikta jaina vidvAnoM ne jaina-tatvajJAna, AcAra-vicAra, kriyAkAMDa, tIrtha, paTTAvali, aitihAsika-prabandha Adi para bhI prAkRta meM sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| yaha uttarakAlIna sAhitya kisI graMtha kI TIkA Adi ke rUpa meM na likhA jAkara prAyaH svataMtra rUpa se hI likhA gayA / yadyapi AgamoM kI paramparA ke AdhAra se hI isa sAhitya kA sarjana huA, phira bhI Agama-sAhitya kI apekSA yaha adhika vyavasthita aura tArkikatA lie hue thaa| prAyaH kisI eka viSaya ko lekara hI isa sAhitya kI racanA kI gii| prakaraNa-grantha to upayogitA kI dRSTi se bahuta hI saMkSepa meM likhe gye| pichale adhyAya meM digambara sampradAya ke AcAryoM kI kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, yahA~ zvetAmbara sampradAya ke AcAryoM kI dhArmika kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| (ka) sAmAnya-grantha vizeSAvazyakabhASya vizeSAvazyaka ko 84 AgamoM meM ginA gayA hai, isase isa graMtha ke mahatva kA sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai|' 1. isa grantha kI ati prAcIna tADapatrIya prati jaisalamera ke bhaMDAra se upalabdha huI hai| yaha prati vi0 saM0 kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM likhI gaI thii| muni puNyavijaya jI kI kRpA se yaha mujhe dekhane ko milI hai| yaha graMtha maladhAri hemacandrasUri kI TIkA sahita yazovijaya jaina

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vizeSAvazyakabhASya 329 yaha chaha AvazyakoM meM se kevala sAmAyika Avazyaka ke Upara likhA huA bhASya hai jisake kartA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (svargavAsa vIranirvANa saMvat 1010= san 540) haiM / jaina AcAryoM ne inheM duSamAkAla meM aMdhakAra meM nimagna jinapravacana ko prakAzita karane ke liye pradIpa-samAna batAyA hai| inakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki tArkika hote hue bhI inhoMne Agamika paramparA ko surakSita rakkhA hai| isaliye inheM AgamavAdI athavA siddhAMtavAdI kahA gayA hai| isa bhASya para inakI svopajJa TIkA hai, jise koTTAryavAdI gaNi ne samApta kiyA hai|' jinabhadragaNi ne jItakalpasUtra, jItakalpasUtrabhASya, bRhatsaMgrahaNI, bRharakSetrasamAsa, vizeSaNavatI, aura aMgulapadacUrNI Adi mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ko yadi jainajJAnamahodadhi kahA jAye to koI atyukti na hogii| jainadharmasambandhI aisI koI bhI viSaya nahIM jo isameM na A gayA ho / isa bhASya meM 3603 gAthAyeM haiM / sarvaprathama mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna kA vistAra ke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA hai| tatpazcAt nikSepa, naya aura pramANa kA vizad vivecana hai| gaNadharavAda kA yahA~ savizeSa varNana hai| phira ATha nihavoM kA adhikAra hai, usake bAda paMca parameSThiyoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| siddhanamaskAravyAkhyA meM samuddhAta, zailezI, ananta sukha, avagAhanA Adi kA nirUpaNa hai / anta meM naya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| graMthamAlA, banArasa se vIra saMvat 2437 meM prakAzita huA hai / isakA gujarAtI anuvAda Agamodaya samiti kI ora se chapA hai| koTyAcArya kI TIkA sahita yaha graMtha RSabhadevajIkezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma kI ora se IsavI san 1936 meM prakAzita huA hai| 1. isa TIkA ko muni puNyavijaya jI zIghra hI prakAzita kara

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pravacanasAroddhAra isake kartA nemicandrasUri haiM jo vikrama saMvat kI lagabhaga 13vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN|' isa para siddhasenasUri ne TIkA likhI hai| isa graMtha meM 276 dvAroM meM 1566 gAthAoM dvArA jainadharmasambandhI aneka viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| ise eka prakAra se jaina vizvakoSa hI kahA jA sakatA hai| caityavaMdana, guruvaMdana, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, kAyotsarga, viMzatisthAna, jinabhagavAn ke yakSa-yakSiNI-lAMchana-varNa-Ayu-nirvANa-prAtihAryaatizaya Adi, jinakalpI, sthavirakalpI, mahAvratasaMkhyA, caityapaMcaka, pustakapaMcaka, daMDakapaMcaka, tRNapaMcaka, carmapaMcaka, dUSyapaMcaka, avagrahapaMcaka, parISaha, sthaMDilabheda, Adi anekaaneka viSayoM kA pratipAdana yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| vicArasAraprakaraNa isa graMtha ke racayitA devasUri ke ziSya pradyumnasUri haiM jo lagabhaga vikrama saMvat 1325 (IsavI san 1268 ) meM vidyamAna the| mANikyasAgara ne isakI saMskRta chAyA likhI hai| isa grantha meM 600 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM karmabhUmi, akarmabhUmi, anAryadeza, Aryadeza kI rAjadhAniyA~, tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrvabhava, unake mAtA-pitA, svapna, janma, abhiSeka, nakSatra, lAMchana, varNa, samavazaraNa, gaNadhara Adi tathA bAIsa parISaha, vasati kI zuddhi, pAtralakSaNa, daNDalakSaNa, vinaya ke bheda, saMstArakavidhi, rAtrijAgaraNa, aSTamahApratihArya, vIratapa, dasa Azcarya, kalki, nanda aura zakoM kA kAla, vikramakAla, dasa nihnava, digambarotpattikAla, caitya ke prakAra, 84 lAkha yoni, siddhoM ke bheda Adi vividha viSayoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| 1. devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra dvArA baMbaI se san 1922 aura 1926 meM do bhAgoM meM prkaashit| 2. Agamodayasamiti, bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1923 meM prakAzita /

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sammaipayaraNa 331 (kha) darzana-khaMDana-maMDana sammaipayaraNa ( sanmatiprakaraNa ) siddhasena divAkara vikrama saMvat kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiM, inhoMne sanmatitarkaprakaraNa kI racanA hai| jainadarzana aura nyAya kA yaha eka prAcIna aura mahatvapUrNa grantha hai jisameM nayavAda kA vivecana kara anekAMtavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / isa para mallavAdI ne TIkA likhI hai jo Ajakala anupalabdha hai| digambara vidvAn sanmati ne isa para vivaraNa likhA hai| pradyumnasUri ke ziSya abhayadevasUri ne isa mahAn graMtha para vAdamahArNava yA tatvabodhavidhAyinI nAma kI eka vistRta TIkA kI racanA kI hai| sanmatitarka meM tIna kANDa haiN| prathama kANDa meM 54 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM naya ke bhedoM ora anekAMta kI maryAdA kA varNana hai| dvitIya kANDa meM 43 gAthAoM meM darzana-jJAna kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM 66 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya tathA anekAMta kI dRSTi se zeyatatva kA vivecana hai| yahA~ jinavacana ko mithyAdarzanoM kA samUha kahA gayA hai| 1. abhayadevasUri kI TokAsahita paMDita sukhalAla aura paMDita becaradAsa dvArA saMpAdita; purAtatvamaMdira, ahamadAbAda se vi0 saM0 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985, aura 1987 meM prakAzita / gajarAtI anuvAda, vivecana aura prastAvanA ke sAtha pUMjAbhAI jaina graMthamAlA kI ora se san 1932 meM, tathA aMgrejI anuvAda aura prastAvanA ke sAtha zvetAMbara ejyukezana borDa kI ora se san 1939 meM prakAzita / 2. bhaI micchAdasaNasamUhamaiassa amayasArassa / jiNavayaNassa bhagavao saMviggasuhAimaggasa // 3-69 vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gAthA 954 ) meM mithyAsvamayasamUha ko samyaktva mAna kara para-siddhAnta ko hI svasiddhAnta batAyA gayA hai|

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332 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dhammasaMgahaNI (dharmasaMgrahaNI) haribhadrasUri kA yaha dArzanika graMtha hai| isake pUrvArdha meM puruSavAdimataparIkSA, anAdinidhanatva, amUrtatva, pariNAmitva aura jJAyakatva, tathA uttarArdha bhAga meM kartRtva, bhoktRtva aura sarvajJasiddhi kA prarUpaNa hai| pravacanaparIkSA pravacanaparIkSA eka khaMDanAtmaka graMtha hai, isakA dUsarA nAma hai kupakSakauzikasahasrakiraNa | ise kumatimatakuddAla bhI kahA gayA hai| tapAgaccha ke dharmasAgara upAdhyAya ne vikrama saMvat 1626 (IsavI san 1572 ) meM apane hI gaccha ko satya aura bAkI ko asatya siddha karane ke liye isa graMtha kI savRttika racanA kI thii| vikrama saMvat 1617 (IsavI san 1560) meM pATaNa meM kharataragaccha aura tapAgaccha ke anuyAyiyoM meM isa viSaya para vivAda huA ki 'abhayadevasUri kharataragaccha ke nahIM the| Age calakara tapAgaccha ke nAyaka vijayadAnasUri ne pravacanaparIkSA ko jala kI zaraNa meM pahu~cA kara isa vAda-vivAda ko roka diyA | dharmasAgarasUri ne caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa kSamA yAcanA kii| pravacanasAraparIkSA ke pUrva aura uttara nAma ke do bhAga haiM / inameM tIrthasvarUpa, digambaranirAkaraNa, paurNimIyakamatanirAkaraNa, kharatara, AMcalika, sArdhapaurNimIyakanirAkaraNa, AgamikamatanirAkaraNa, lumpAkamatanirAkaraNa, kaTukamatanirA 1. devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA kI ora se san 1916 aura 1918 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita / 2. RSabhadevajIkezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma kI ora se san 1937 meM prakAzita / 3. dharmasAgara upAdhyAya ke anya graMthoM ke lie dekhiye mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pRSTha 582, 3 /

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utsUtrakhaMDana 333 karaNa, bIjAyatanirAkaraNa aura pAzacandramatanirAkaraNa nAma ke vizrAmoM dvArA anya matoM kA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| utsUtrakhaMDana dharmasAgara upAdhyAya kI yaha dUsarI racanA hai| jise unhoMne jinadattasUri guru ke upadeza se likhA thaa| isameM strI ko pUjA kA niSedha, jinabhavana meM nartakI nacAne kA niSedha, mAsakalpavihAra, mAlAropaNaadhikAra, paTalAdhikAra, cAmuMDA Adi kI ArAdhanA tathA paMcanadI kI sAdhanA meM adoSa Adi viSayoM kA varNana hai| yuktiprabodhanATaka __ yaha khaMDana-maMDana kA graMtha hai / meghavijaya mahopAdhyAya ne vikrama saMvat kI 18vIM zatAbdI meM isakI racanA kI hai| isameM 25 gAthAe~ haiM, jina para meghavijaya kI svopajJa TIkA hai| isameM vikrama saMvat 1680 meM AvirbhUta vANArasIya (banArasIdAsa) digambara mata kA khaMDana kiyA hai| banArasIdAsa ke sAthI rUpacanda, caturbhuja, bhagavatIdAsa, kumArapAla aura dharmadAsa kA yahA~ ullekha hai| digambara aura zvetAmbaroM ke 84 matabhedoM kA yahA~ vivecana hai| (ga)siddhAnta jIvasamAsa isakI racanA pUrvadhAriyoM dvArA kI gaI hai| jyotiSkaraMDaka kI bhA~ti jaina AgamoM kI valabhI vAcanA kA anusaraNa karake 1. jinadattasUri jJAnabhAMDAgAra, gopIpurA, sUrata kI ora se san 1933 meM prkaashit| 2. RSabhadAsa kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma kI ora se IsavI san 1928 meM prakAzita / 3. Agamodaya samiti, bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1927 meM prakAzita /

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334 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa isakI bhI racanA huI hai| isameM 286 gAthAoM meM sat , pramANa, kSetra, sparza, kAla, antara aura bhAva kI apekSA jIvAjIva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa para maladhAri hemacandrasUri ne vikrama saMvat 1164 (IsavI san 1107) meM 700 zlokapramANa bRhadvRtti kI racanA kI hai| zIlAMka AcArya ne bhI isa para vRtti likhI hai| vizeSaNavatI isake racayitA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa haiN|' isameM 400 gAthAoM meM vanaspatiavagAha, jalAvagAha, kevalajJAna-darzana, bIjasajIvatva Adi viSayoM kA varNana hai| viMzativizikA isake kartA yAkinIsUnu haribhadrasUri haiN| isake pratyeka adhikAra meM bIsa-bIsa gAthAyeM haiM jinameM loka, anAditva, kulanItilokadharma, caramAvarta, bIja, saddharma, dAna, pUjA, zrAvakadharma, yatidharma, AlocanA, prAyazcitta, yoga, kevalajJAna, siddhabheda, siddhasukha Adi kA varNana hai| sArdhazataka isakA dUsarA nAma sUkSmArthasiddhAMtavicArasAra hai| isake kartA jinavallabhasUri haiN| isa para 110 gAthAoM kA eka ajJAtakartRka bhASya hai; municandra ne cUrNI, tathA haribhadra, dhanezvara aura cakrezvara ne vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| 1. RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma kI ora se san 1927 meM prakAzita / 2. vahI, prophesara ke0 vI0 abhyaMkara ne isakA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai jo mUla aura saMskRta chAyA sahita ahamadAbAda se san 1932 meM prakAzita huA hai| 3. AsmAnaMda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se prakAzita /

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bhASArahasyaprakaraNa 335 bhASArahasyaprakaraNa isake kartA upAdhyAya yazovijaya haiM, isa para unhoMne svopajJa vivaraNa likhA hai| isameM 101 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM dravyabhASA aura bhAvabhASA kI carcA karate hue janapada, sammata, sthApanA, nAma, rUpa, pratItya, vyavahAra, bhAva, yoga aura aupamya nAma ke dasa satyoM kA vivecana hai| (gha) karmasiddhAMta jainadharma meM karmagranthoM kA bahuta mahatva hai| zvetAMbara aura digambara donoM hI AcAryoM ne karmasiddhAMta kA sUkSmAtisUkSma vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai| karmasiddhAMtasambandhI sAhitya kA yahA~ kucha paricaya diyA jAtA hai| kammapayaDi ( karmaprakRti) karmaprakRti ke lekhaka AcArya zivazarma haiN| isameM 415 gAthAoM meM baMdhana, saMkramaNa, udvartana, apavartana, udIraNA, upazamanA, udaya aura sattA nAmaka ATha karaNoM kA vivecana hai| isa para cUrNI bhI likhI gaI hai| malayagiri aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne isa para TIkAyeM likhI haiN| sayaga (zataka) zataka zivazarma kI dUsarI racanA hai| isa para malayagiri ne TIkA likhI hai| 1. rAjanagara (ahamadAbAda) kI jainagraMtha prakAzaka sabhA kI ora se vikrama saMvat 1997 meM prakAzita / 2. muktAbAI jJAnamaMdira, DabhoI dvArA san 1937 meM prakAzita / mUla, saMskRta chAyA aura gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha mANekalAla cunnIlAla kI ora se san 1938 meM prkaashit| 3. jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1940 meM prakAzita / isake sAtha devendrasUrikRta zataka nAma kA pA~cavA~ navya karmagraMtha aura usakI svopajJa TIkA bhI prakAzita huI hai|

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336 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa paMcasaMgaha ( paMcasaMgraha) pArzvaRSi ke ziSya candrarSi mahattara ne paMcasaMgraha' kI racanA kI hai| isa para unhoMne svopajJa vRtti likhI hai | malayagiri kI isa para bhI TIkA hai| isameM 663 gAthAyeM haiM jo sayaga, sattari, kasAyapAhuDa, chakamma aura kammapayaDi nAma ke pA~ca dvAroM meM vibhakta haiN| guNasthAna, mArgaNA, samuddhAta, karmaprakRti, tathA baMdhana, saMkramaNa Adi kA yahA~ vistRta varNana hai| prAcIna karmagrantha kammavivAga, kammatthava, baMdhasAmitta, saDasIi, sayaga aura sittari ye chaha karmagraMtha gine jAte haiN| inameM kammavivAga ke kartA gargarSi haiM; kammatthava aura baMdhasAmitta ke kartA ajJAta haiN| jinavallabhagaNi ne saDasIi nAma ke cauthe karmagrantha kI racanA kI hai| sayaga nAma ke pA~caveM karmagrantha ke racayitA AcArya zivazarma haiM, isakA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| chaThe karmagraMtha ke kartA ajJAta haiN| ina karmagraMthoM kA viSaya gahana hone ke kAraNa una para bhASya, cUrNiyA~ aura aneka vRttiyA~ likhI gaI haiN| udAharaNa ke liye, dUsare karmagraMtha ke Upara eka aura cauthe karmagraMtha ke Upara do bhASya haiN| ina tInoM bhASyoM ke kartAoM ke nAma ajJAta haiN| 1. svopajJavRtti sahita jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA kI ora se san 1927 meM prakAzita / malayagiri kI TIkA ke sAtha hIrAlAla haMsarAja kI ora se san 1910 Adi meM cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita / mUla saMskRta chAyA tathA mUla aura malayagiri TIkA ke anuvAda sahita do khaMDoM meM san 1935 aura san 1941 meM prakAzita / 2. ye cAra karmagraMtha saMskRta TIkA sahita jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA kI ora se vi0 saM0 1972 meM prakAzita hue haiN| inakI bhUmikA meM vidvAn saMpAdaka caturavijaya jI mahArAja ne karmasiddhAnta kA vivecana karate hue isa viSaya ke sAhitya kI sUcI dI hai|

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navyakarmagrantha 337 cauthe karmagraMtha ke Upara rAmadeva ne cUrNI likhI hai| pA~caveM karmaantha para tIna bhASya haiN| inameM do ajJAtakartRka haiM aura aprakAzita haiN| pA~caveM karmagrantha zataka-bRhatbhASya ke kartA cakrezvara haiN| inake Upara do cUrNiyA~ haiN| eka ke kartA candrarSimahattara aura dUsarI ke ajJAta haiN| chaThe karmagrantha para abhayadeva sUri ne bhASya likhA hai| vikrama saMvat 1446 (IsavI san 1362) meM merutuMga ne isa para vRtti likhI hai| isa karmagrantha para eka aura ajJAtakartRka bhASya tathA cUrNI upalabdha hai| navya karmagrantha tapAgacchIya jagaccandrasUri ke ziSya tathA sudaMsaNAcariya, bhASyatraya, siddhapaMcAzikA, zrAddhadinakRtyavRtti Adi ke kartA devendrasUri (svargavAsa vikrama saMvat 1327= IsavI san 1270) ne karmavipAka, karmastava, bandhasvAmitva, SaDazIti aura zataka nAma ke pA~ca karmagranthoM kI racanA kI hai| ina para unakA svopajJa vivaraNa bhI hai| prAcIna karmagraMthoM ko AdhAra mAnakara inakI racanA kI gaI hai, isaliye inheM navya karmagraMtha kahA jAtA hai| pahale karmagraMtha meM 60 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karma, unake bheda-prabheda, aura unake vipAka kA dRSTAMtapUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare karmagrantha meM 34 gAthAyeM haiN| yahA~ 14 guNasthAnoM kA svarUpa aura ina guNasthAnoM meM karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandha, udaya, udIraNA aura sattA kA prarUpaNa hai| tIsare karmagraMtha meM 24 gAthAyeM haiM, inameM mArgaNA ke Azraya se jIvoM ke karmaprakRtiviSayaka baMdha-svAmitva kA varNana hai| cauthe 1. vIra samAja graMtharatna dvArA vi0 saM0 1980 meM prakAzita / 2. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita / 3. vi0 saM0 1999 meM prakAzita / 4. AtmAnanda jainagraMtha ratnamAlA meM IsavI san 1934 meM prakAzita / 22 prA0 sA0

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338 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa karmagrantha meM 86 gAthAyeM haiM, inameM jIvasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, guNasthAna, bhAva aura saMkhyA ina pA~ca viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| pA~caveM karmagrantha' meM 100 gAthAe~ haiN| inameM pahale karmagrantha meM varNita karmaprakRtiyoM meM se kauna sI prakRtiyA~ dhruvabaMdhinI, adhruvabaMdhinI, dhruvodayA, adhruvodayA, dhruvasattAkA, adhruvasattAkA, sarvadezaghAtI, adhAtI, puNyaprakRti, pApaprakRti, parAvartamAnaprakRti, aura aparAvartamAnaprakRti hotI haiM, isakA nirUpaNa hai| ___ chaThe karmagrantha meM 70 ( yA 72) gAthAyeM haiM | isake praNetA kA nAma ajJAta hai| AcArya malayagiri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| isameM karmoM ke bandha, udaya, sattA, aura prakRtisthAna ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai| yogavizikA isake racayitA haribhadrasUri haiN| isa para yazovijayagaNi ne vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| yahA~ 20 gAthAoM meM yogazuddhi kA vivecana karate hue sthAna, UrNa (zabda ), artha, AlaMbana, rahita (nirvikalpa cinmAtrasamAdhi) ke bheda se pA~ca prakAra kA yoga batAyA gayA hai| 1. AtmAnanda jainagraMtha ratnamAlA meM IsavI san 1940 meM prakAzita / isI jilda meM candrarSi mahattarakRta sittarI (saptatikAprakaraNa ) bhI hai| zvetAmbaroM ke chaha karmagranthoM aura digambaroM ke karmasiddhAMtaviSayaka granthoM kI tulanAtmaka sUcI bhI yahA~ prastuta kI gaI hai| pA~ca karmagranthoM kA aMgrejI meM saMkSipta paricaya 'da DaoNkTrIna oNva karmana ina jaina philAsaphI' (DaoNkTara helmutha phaoNna glAz2anepa kI jarmana pustaka kA anuvAda) kI bhUmikA meM diyA hai| 2. rAjanagara (ahamadAbAda) kI zrI jainagraMtha prakAzaka sabhA kI ora se bhASArahasyaprakaraNa ke sAtha vikrama saMvat 1997 meM prakAzita /

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zrAvakAcAra 339 (Ga) zrAvakAcAra muniyoM ke AcAra kI bhA~ti zrAvakoM ke AcAra-viSayaka bhI aneka graMthoM kI racanA prAkRta meM huii| inameM mUla AvazyakasUtra para likhe hue vyAkhyA-pranthoM kA sthAna bahuta mahatva kA hai| sAvayapaNNatti ( zrAvakaprajJapti) yaha racanA umAsvAti kI kahI jAtI hai| koI ise haribhadrakRta mAnate haiN| isameM 401 gAthAoM meM zrAvakadharma kA vivecana hai| __sAvayadhammavihi (zrAvakadharmavidhi ) yaha racanA haribhadrasUri kI hai| mAnadevasUri ne isa para vivRti likhI hai| 120 gAthAoM meM samyaktva aura mithyAtva kA varNana karate hue yahA~ zrAvakoM kI vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| samyaktvasaptati yaha bhI haribhadrasUri kI kRti hai| saMghatilakAcArya ne isa para vRtti likhI hai| isameM 12 adhikAroM dvArA 70 gAthAoM meM samyaktva kA svarUpa batAyA hai| aSTa prabhAvakoM meM vajrasvAmI, mallavAdi, bhadrabAhu, viSNukumAra, AryakhapuTa, pAdalipta, aura siddhasena kA carita pratipAdita kiyA hai| jIvAnuzAsana isake kartA vIracandrasUri ke ziSya devasUri haiM jinhoMne vikrama saMvat 1162 ( IsavI sana 1105) meM isa grantha kI racanA 1. jJAnaprasArakamaMDala dvArA vi0 saM0 1961 meM bambaI se prakAzita / 2. AtmAnanda jainasabhA, bhAvanagara dvArA san 1924 meM prakAzita / 3. devacandalAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA kI ora se san 1916 meM prkaashit|

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340 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kI thii|' isa para svopajJavRtti bhI inhoMne likhI hai| yahA~ 323 gAthAoM meM bimbapratiSThA, vandanakatraya, saMgha, mAsakalpa, AcAra aura cAritrasattA ke Upara vicAra kiyA gayA hai / dvAdazakulaka isake kartA abhayadevasUri ke ziSya jinavallabhasUri (svargavAsa vikrama saMvat 1167= IsavI san 1110) haiN| jinapAlagaNi ne isa para vivaraNa likhA hai| yahA~ samyagjJAna kA mahatva, guNasthAnaprApti, dharmasAmagrI kI durlabhatA, mithyAtva Adi kA svarUpa aura krodha Adi aMtaraMga zatruoM ke parihAra kA upadeza diyA hai| paJcakkhANasarUva (pratyAkhyAnasvarUpa) isake kartA yazodevasUri haiM jinhoMne vikrama saMvat 1182 (IsavI san 1125) meM isakI racanA kI hai| svopajJavRtti bhI unhoMne likhI hai| isameM 400 gAthAoM meM pratyAkhyAna kA svarUpa batAyA hai| ceiyavaMdaNabhAsa isa bhASya ke kartA zAntisUri haiM jinhoMne lagabhaga 600 1. hemacandrAcArya graMthAvali meM vi0 saM0 1984 meM prakAzita / 2. jinadattasUri prAcInapustakoddhAra phaMDa graMthamAlA kI ora se san 1934 meM bambaI se prakAzita / 3. RSabhadeva kezarImala jI saMsthA kI ora se san 1927 meM prakAzita ___4. zAMtisUri nAma ke kaI AcArya ho gaye haiN| eka to uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI vRtti ke kartA thArApadagaccha ke vAdivetAla zAMtisUri haiM jo vebara ke anusAra vi0 saM0 1096 meM paraloka sidhaare| dUsare pRthvIcandracaritra ke kartA zAMtisUri haiM jinhoMne vi0 saM0 1961 meM isa caritra kI racanA kii| ye pIpaliyAgaccha ke saMsthApaka mAne gaye

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dhammarayaNapagaraNa gAthAoM meM yaha bhASya likhA hai|' isa para vRtti bhI likhI gaI hai| dhammarayaNapagaraNa (dharmaratnaprakaraNa ) dharmaratnaprakaraNa ke kartA zAMtisUri haiM, inhoMne isa para svopajJavRtti kI bhI racanA kI hai| zAMtisUri vikrama kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / yahA~ batAyA hai ki yogyatA prApta karane ke liye zrAvaka ko prakRtisaumya, lokapriya, bhIru, azaTha, lajjAlu, sudIrghadarzI Adi guNoM se yukta honA caahiye| chaha prakAra kA zIla tathA bhAvasAdhu ke sAta lakSaNa yahA~ batAye haiN| dhammavihipayaraNa (dharmavidhiprakaraNa) isake kartA zrIprabha haiM jinakA samaya IsavI san 1166 (athavA 1226) mAnA jAtA hai| isa para udayasiMhasUri ne vivRti likhI hai | dharmavidhi ke dvAra, dharmaparIkSA, dharma ke doSa, dharma ke bheda, gRhasthadharma Adi viSayoM kA yahA~ vivecana hai| dharma kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue ilAputra, udAyana rAjA, kAmadeva, zrAvaka, jaMbUsvAmI, pradezI rAjA, mUladeva, viSNukumAra, samprati Adi kI kathAe~ varNita haiM / haiN| inameM se kauna se zAMticandra ne ceiyavaMdaNabhASya kI racanA kI aura kauna se ne dharmaratnaprakaraNa likhA, isakA nirNaya nahIM huA hai| dekhiye jainagraMthAvali, pR0 24, 181 ke phuTanoTa / 1. AtmAnanda jainasabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se vi0saM0 1977 meM prkaashit| 2.jainagraMtha prakAzaka sabhA, ahamadAbAda kI ora se vi0saM01953 meM prkaashit| 3. hasavijaya jI phrI lAibrerI, ahamadAbAda se san 1924 meM prakAzita / namasUri ne bhI dharmavidhiprakaraNa kI racanA kI hai jisameM dasa haTAntoM dvArA jJAna aura darzana kI siddhi kI gaI hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa payUSaNAdazazataka ___ isake kartA pravacanaparIkSA ke racayitA dharmasAgara upAdhyAya haiN|' isameM 110 gAthAyeM haiM jina para graMthakartA ne vRtti likhI hai / IyApathikIpaTtriMzikA dharmasAgara upAdhyAya kI yaha dUsarI racanA hai| isameM 36 gAthAyeM haiM jina para granthakartA kI svopajJavRtti hai| devavaMdanAdibhASyatraya devendrasUri (svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1326= IsavI san 1266) ne devavandana, guruvandana, aura pratyAkhyAnavandana ke Upara bhASya likhe haiN| isameM bhagavAna ke samakSa caityavandana, guruoM kA vandana aura pratyAkhyAna kA varNana hai| somasundarasUri ne isa para avacUri likhI hai| saMbodhasaptatikA isake kartA sirivAlakahA ke racayitA ratnazekharasUri ( IsavI sana kI 14vIM zatAbdI) haiN| pUrvAcAryakRta nizIthacUrNI Adi anthoM ke AdhAra se unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| amarakIrtisUri kI isa para vRtti hai| isa graMtha meM samatAbhAva, . 1. RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA kI ora se san 1936 meM sUrata se prakAzita / 2. devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA kI ora se san 1912 meM prakAzita / 3. AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara dvArA vi0 saM0 1969 meM prkaashit| 4. viThalajI hIrAlAla haMsarAja dvArA san 1939 meM prakAzita /

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dhammaparikkhA 343 samyaktva, jIvadayA, suguru, sAmAyika, sAdhu ke guNa, jinAgama kA utkarSa, saMgha, pUjA, gaccha, gyAraha pratimA Adi kA pratipAdana hai / samatAbhAva ke sambandha meM kahA hai seyaMbaro ya AsaMbaro ya, buddho ya ahava anno vA / samabhAvabhAviyappA, laheya mukkhaM na saMdeho // -zvetAmbara ho yA digambara, bauddha ho yA koI anya, jaba taka AtmA meM samatA bhAva nahIM AtA, mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| dhammaparikkhA (dharmaparIkSA) isake kartA upAdhyAya yazovijaya (IsavI sana 1686 meM svargavAsa ) haiN|' isameM dharma kA lakSaNa, saMpradAya-bAhyamatakhaMDana, sUtrabhASaka ke guNa, kevalIviSayaka prazna, sadguru, adhyAtmadhyAna kI stuti Adi viSayoM kA vivecana hai| pauSadhaprakaraNa ise pauSadhaSaTtriMzikA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake kartA jayasomagaNi (IsavI san 1588) haiN| bAdazAha akabara kI sabhA meM inhoMne vAdiyoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| isameM 36 gAthAyeM haiM jina para granthakartA ne svopajJa vRtti likhI hai| vairAgyazataka isake kartA koI pUrvAcArya haiM / guNavinayagaNi ne IsavI san kI 17vIM zatAbdI meM isa para vRtti likhI hai| isameM 105 gAthAoM meM vairAgya kA sarasa varNana kiyA hai| 1. hemacandrAcArya sabhA ke jagajIvanadAsa uttamacanda kI ora se san 1922 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita / 2. jinadattasUri prAcIna pustakoddhAra phaMDa, sUrata kI ora se san 1933 meM prakAzita / 3. devacandalAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA meM IsavI san 1941 meM prakAzita /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vairAgyarasAyanaprakaraNa isake kartA lakSmIlAbha gaNi' haiN| 102 gAthAoM meM yahA~ cairAgya kA varNana hai| vyavahArazuddhiprakAza isake kartA ratnazekharasUri haiM / 2 inhoMne isa grantha meM AjIvikA ke sAta upAya, putrazikSA, RNasambandhI dRSTAnta, paradezagamanasambandhI nIti, vyavahArazuddhi, mUrkhazataka, paropakArI kA lakSaNa, idriyasvarUpa Adi vyAvahArika jIvana se sambandha rakhanevAlI bAtoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| paripATIcaturdazakam / isake kartA upAdhyAya vinayavijaya haiN| inhoMne aSTApadatIrthavandana, sammetazikhara-tIrthavandana, zatrujaya-tIrthavaMdana, nandIzvaradvIpa-caityavandana, viharamAna-jinavandana, viMzati jAtatIrthavandana, bharata-airAvata-tIrthavandana, 160 jinavandana, 170 jinavandana, caturviMzati tritayavandana Adi caudaha paripATiyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| ___ isake atirikta abhayadevasUri ke vaMdaNayabhAsa (bRhavaMdana bhASya), jIvadayApayaraNa, nANAcittapayaraNa, micchattamahaNakulaya aura daMsaNakulaya Adi kitane hI jaina AcAra ke graMtha haiM jinameM AcAravidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 1. devacandalAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA meM IsavI san 1941 meM prkaashit| 2. harSasUri jaina graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara kI ora se vi0 saM0 2006 meM prkaashit| 3. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se vi0 saM0 1984 meM prkaashit| 4. ye laghugraMtha RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma kI ora se san 1929 meM prakAzita siripayaraNasaMdoha meM saMgrahIta haiN| kriyAsaMbaMdhI anya graMthoM ke lie dekhiye jaina granthAvali, pR0 148.54 /

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prakaraNa-grantha (ca) prakaraNa-grantha laghugrantha ko prakaraNa kahate haiN| dharmopadeza dete samaya sAdhuoM ke liye prakaraNa-grantha bahuta upayogI hote haiN| saMkSipta hone se inheM kaMThastha karane meM bhI bar3I suvidhA rahatI hai| isake atirikta jo sAdhu ina granthoM ko par3he rahate the, unakA AgamasiddhAMta meM zIghra hI praveza ho sakatA thaa| jainadharmasaMbaMdhI vividha viSayoM kA pratipAdana karane ke liye prAkRta-sAhitya meM aneka prakaraNa-grantha likhe gaye haiN| AtmAnanda grantharatnamAlA ke saMcAlaka muni caturavijaya jI mahArAja ne aneka prakaraNagranthoM kA prakAzana kiyA hai| jIvavicAraprakaraNa isake' kartA zAMtisUri haiN| isameM 51 gAthAoM meM jIva ke svarUpa kA vicAra hai / ratnAkarasUri, IzvarAcArya aura meghananda Adi ne isa para TIkAyeM likhI haiN| navatatvagAthAprakaraNa isameM 53 gAthAoM meM navatatvoM kA vivecana hai| isake kartA devagupta haiN| navAMgIkAra abhayadevasUri ne isa para bhASya' aura yazodeva ne vRtti likhI hai| dharmavijaya ne sumaMgalA nAma kI TIkA likhI hai| 1. jIvavicAra, navatatvadaMDaka, laghusaMghayaNI, bRhatsaMghayaNI, trailokyadIpikA, laghukSetrasamAsa aura paTkarmagraMtha ye prakaraNa-graMtha zrAvaka bhImasiMha mANeka kI ora se laghuprakaraNasaMgraha nAma se saMvat 1959 meM prakAzita hue haiN| 2. AtmAnanda jainasabhA dvArA vi0 saM0 1969 meM prakAzita / 3. muktikamala jaina mohanamAlA, bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1934 meM prakAzita /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa daMDakaprakaraNa ise vicAraSaTtriMzikA bhI kahA gayA hai| isake kartA gajasAra muni haiN| laghusaMghayaNI ise jaMbUdvIpasaMgrahaNI bhI kahate haiN| isake kartA bRhadcchIya haribhadrasUri haiM jinhoMne 30 gAthAoM meM jaMbUdvIpa kA varNana kiyA hai| bRhatsaMgrahaNI isake kartA jinabhadragaNi zramAzramaNa' haiN| malayagiri, zAlibhadra, jinavallabha Adi ne isa para TIkAyeM likhI haiN| jaina AcAryoM ne aura bhI saMgrahaNiyoM kI racanA kI hai, lekina auroM kI apekSA bar3I hone se ise bRhatsaMgrahaNI kahA gayA hai| cAra gati ke jIvoM kI sthiti Adi kA saMgraha hone se ise saMgrahaNI kahate haiN| bRhatkSetrasamAsa yaha jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kI kRti hai| ise samayakSetra- . samAsa athavA kSetrasamAsaprakaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| AcArya malayagiri ne isa para vRtti likhI hai| anya AcAryoM ne bhI isa para TIkAyeM likhI haiM / isa graMtha meM jambUdvIpa, lavaNasamudra, 1. AsmAnaMda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se vi0 saM0 1973 meM prakAzita / 2. bRhatsaMgrahaNI aura tiloyapaNNatti kI samAna mAnyatAoM ke kie dekhie tiloya paNNatti kI prastAvanA, pR074 / 3. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se vi0 saM0 1977 meM prkaashit|

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navya bRhatkSetrasamAsa 347 dhAtakIkhaMDa, kAlodadhi aura puSkarArdha ina pA~ca prakaraNoM meM dvIpa aura samudroM kA varNana hai / ' navya bRhatkSetrasamAsa isake kartA somatilaka sUri haiN| isameM 486 gAthAyeM haiM / isa para guNaratna Adi vidvAnoM ne vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| __ laghukSetrasamAsa ___ isake kartA ratnazekharasUri haiN| vikrama saMvat 1466 (san 1436) meM inhoMne SaDAvazyakavRtti kI racanA kI thii| isameM 262 gAthAyeM haiM jina para lekhaka kI svopajJa vRtti hai| Ajakala laghukSetrasamAsa kA hI adhika pracAra hai| aDhAI dvIpa kA isameM varNana hai| zrIcaMdrIyasaMgrahaNI isake kartA maladhAri hemacandra ke ziSya zrIcandrasUri haiM / isameM 313 gAthAyeM haiM jina para maladhAri devabhadra ne vRtti likhI hai| samayasAraprakaraNa isake kartA devAnanda AcArya haiM, svopajJa TIkA bhI unhoMne likhI hai| isa prakaraNa meM dasa adhyAyoM meM jIva, ajIva, samyagdarzana, samyagajJAna Adi kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| SoDazakaprakaraNa yaha racanA haribhadrasUri kI hai jisa para yazobhadrasUri aura 1. gaNita ke niyamoM Adi meM bRhatkSetrasamAsa aura yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNatti meM samAnatA ke liye dekhiye tiloyapaNNatti kI prastAvanA, pR0 75-7 / 2. AtmAnanda jainasabhA, bhAvanagara dvArA vi0 saM0 1971 meM prakAzita / __3. devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra dvArA san 1911 meM prakAzita /

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348 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa yazovijaya jI kI TIkAyeM haiM / isameM 16 prakaraNoM meM dharmaparIkSA, dezanA, dharmalakSaNa, lokottaratatvaprajJapti, pratiSThAvidhi, pUjAphala, dIkSAdhikAra, samarasa Adi kA vivecana hai / paMcAzakaprakaraNa paMcAzaka' haribhadra kI kRti hai, isa para abhayadevasUri kI vRtti hai| isameM zrAvakadharma, dIkSA, caityavandanA, pUjAvidhi, yAtrAvidhi, sAdhudharma, sAmAcArI, piMDavizuddhi, AlocanAvidhi, sAdhupratimA, tapovidhi Adi kA 50-50 gAthAoM meM varNana hai| AdyapaMcAzaka para yazodevasUri ne cUrNI likhI hai| navapadaprakaraNa navapadaprakaraNa ke kartA devaguptasUri haiM, ye jinacandra ke nAma se prakhyAta the| isa para inakI zrAvakAnaMdI nAma kI svopajJa laghu vRtti hai jo vikrama saMvat 1073 (san 1016) meM likhI gaI thii| yazodeva upAdhyAya, devendra, aura kulacandra Adi vidvAnoM ne bhI isa prakaraNa para vRtti likhI hai| isameM mithyAtva, samyaktva aura bAraha vratoM ke saMbaMdha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saptatizatasthAnaprakaraNa isake kartA somatilaka haiN| devavijaya jI ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| yahA~ 170 sthAnoM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana hai| anya prakaraNa-grantha isake atirikta anya anekAneka prakaraNa-granthoM kI racanA kI gii| inameM dharmaghoSasUri kA samavasaraNaprakaraNa, vijayavimala 1. jainadharma prasAraka sabhA dvArA san 1912 meM prakAzita / 2. devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA dvArA san 1927 meM prakAzita / 3. jaina bhAramAnandasabhA dvArA vi0 saM0 1975 meM prakAzita /

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anya prakaraNa-grantha 349 kA vicArapaMcAzikA, mahendrasUri kA vicArasattari, devendrasUri kA siddhapaMcAzikA, abhayadeva kA paMcanigraMthIprakaraNa, dharmaghoSa kA baMdhaSaTtriMzikAprakaraNa, ratnazekhara kA guNasthAnakramArohaprakaraNa, zAntisUri kA dharmaratnaprakaraNa,' lokanAlikAprakaraNa, dehasthitiprakaraNa, zrAvakavratabhaMgaprakaraNa, prajJApanAtRtIyapadasaMgrahaNIprakaraNa, annAyauMchaprakaraNa, nigodaSaTtriMzikAprakaraNa, paramANuvicAraSaTtriMzikAprakaraNa, pudgalaSatriMzikAprakaraNa, siddhadaMDikAprakaraNa (devendrasUrikRta), samyaktvapaMcaviMzatikAprakaraNa, karmasaMvedyabhaMgaprakaraNa, kSullakabhavAvali prakaraNa (dharmazekharagaNikRta), maMDalaprakaraNa (vinayakuzalakRta), gAMgeyaprakaraNa aMgulasaptatikAprakaraNa, vanaspatisattariprakaraNa (municandrakRta), devendranarakendraprakaraNa' (haribhadrakRta), kUpadRSTAMtavizadIkaraNaprakaraNa' (yazovijayakRta), pudgalabhaMgaprakaraNa, pudgalaparAvartasvarUpaprakaraNa, SaTsthAnakaprakaraNa, bhUyaskArAdivicAraprakaraNa, baMdhahetUdayatribhaMgIprakaraNa (harSakulakRta), baMdhodayaprakaraNa, kAlacakravicAraprakaraNa, jIvAbhigamasaMgrahaNIprakaraNa, guruguNaSaTtriMzikAprakaraNa (bajasenakRta), triSaSTizalAkApaMcAzikAprakaraNa, kAlasattariprakaraNa (dharmaghoSakRta), sUkSmArthasattariprakaraNa ( cakrezvarasUrikRta), yonistavaprakaraNa, labdhistavaprakaraNa, lokAMtikastava prakaraNa, Adi mukhya haiM / karmagranthoM kA bhI prakaraNoM meM antarbhAva hotA hai| 1. jainagraMtha prakAzaka sabhA dvArA ahamadAbAda se vi0 saM0 2010 meM prakAzita / 2. isa para municandrasUri kI vRtti hai| jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1922 meM prakAzita / 3. jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA, rAjanagara ( ahamadAbAda) kI ora se vi0 saM0 1997 meM prakAzita / ___4. dekhiye jaina graMthAvali, zrI jaina zvetAmbara kanphresa, muMbaI, vi0 saM0 1965, pR0 132-45 /

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350 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (cha) sAmAcArI sAmAcArI arthAt sAdhuoM kA AcAra-vicAra, isa para bhI aneka grantha prAkRta meM likhe gaye haiN| kisI pUrvAcArya viracita AyAravihi athavA sAmAcArIprakaraNa meM samyaktva, vrata, pratimA, tapa, pravrajyA, yogavidhi, Adi kA vivecana hai| tilakAcArya kI sAmAcArI' meM sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra se saMbaMdha rakhanevAle yoga, tapasyA, loca, upasthApanA, vasati, kAlagrahaNavidhi Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana hai | dhanezvarasUri ke ziSya zrIcandrasUri ne bhI subodhasAmAcArI kI racanA kI hai| bhAvadevasUri ne zrIyatidinacoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| kisI ciraMtana AcArya ne paMcasUtra kI racanA kI hai, isa para haribhadra ne TIkA likhI hai| haribhadrasUri ke paMcavastukasaMgraha meM pravrajyA, pratidinakriyA, upasthApanA, anujJA aura sallekhanA ke vivecanapUrvaka sAdhuoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai| haribhadrasUri kI dUsarI 1. vizeSa ke liye dekhiye jaina graMthAvali, zrIjaina zvetAmbara kAnpharensa, muMbaI dvArA prakAzita, pR0 155-57 / 2. jaina AtmAnanda sabhA kI ora se san 1919 meM prakAzita / 3. DAhyAbhAI mokamacanda, ahamadAbAda dvArA vi0 saM0 1990 meM prakAzita / ___4. devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA kI ora se san 1924 meM prakAzita / 5. RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma kI ora se san 1936 meM meM prakAzita / 6. labdhisUrIzvara jainagraMthamAlA dvArA san 1939 meM prakAzita / 7. devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA kI ora se san 1927 meM prakAzita /

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vidhividhAna racanA hai saMbodhaprakaraNa; isakA dUsarA nAma tatvaprakAzaka bhI hai| isameM devasvarUpa tathA guruadhikAra meM kuguru, gurvAbhAsa, pAzvastha Adi ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai| gurutatvavinizcaya ke racayitA upAdhyAya yazovijaya haiM, isa para unakI svopajJa vRtti bhI hai| isameM cAra ullAsa haiM jinameM guru kA mAhAtmya, Agama Adi pA~ca vyavahAroM kA nirUpaNa, pArzvastha Adi kuguruoM kA vistRta varNana, dUsare gaccha meM jAne kI paripATI kA vivecana, sAdhusaMgha ke niyama, suguru kA svarUpa tathA pulaka Adi pA~ca nirgranthoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yatilakSaNasamuccaya upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI kI dUsarI racanA hai| isameM 227 gAthAoM meM muniyoM ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| (ja) vidhividhAna (kriyAkANDa) vidhimArgaprapA vidhimArgaprapA ke racayitA jinaprabhasUri eka asAdhAraNa prabhAvazAlI jaina AcArya the jinhoMne vikrama saMvat 1363 ( IsavI san 1306) meM ayodhyA meM isa grantha ko likhakara samApta kiyA thaa| isa grantha meM sAdhu aura zrAvakoM kI nitya aura naimittika kriyAoM kI vidhi kA varNana hai / kriyAkAMDapradhAna isa grantha meM 41 dvAra haiN| inameM samyaktva-vrata AropaNavidhi, parigrahaparimANavidhi, sAmAyika AropaNavidhi aura mAlAropaNavidhi, Adi kA varNana hai| mAlAropaNavidhi meM mAnadevasUriracita 54 gAthAoM kA uvahANavihi nAmaka prAkRta kA prakaraNa uddhRta kiyA hai jo mahAnizItha ke AdhAra se racA gayA hai / 1. AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1925 meM prakAzita / 2. jainadharmaprasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara se vi0 saM0 1965 meM prakAzita / 3. muni jinavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI se san 1941 meM prakAzita /

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352 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kucha loga mahAnizItha sUtra kI prAmANikatA meM sandeha karate haiM, isaliye AThaveM dvAra meM kisI pUrva AcArya dvArA racita uvahANapaiTThApaMcAsaya nAma kA prakaraNa uddhata hai| yahA~ mahAnizItha kI prAmANikatA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt prauSadhavidhi, pratikramaNavidhi, tapovidhi, naMdiracanAvidhi, locakaraNavidhi, upayogavidhi, AdimaaTanavidhi, upasthApanAvidhi, anadhyAyavidhi, svAdhyAyaprasthApanavidhi, yoganikSepaNavidhi Adi kA varNana hai| yoganikSepaNavidhi meM kAlika aura utkAlika ke bhedoM kA pratipAdana hai / yogavidhi meM dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, dazA-kalpa-vyavahAra, bhagavatI, nAyAdhammakahA, uvAsaga, aMtagaDa, aNuttarovavAiya, vipAka, dRSTivAda (vyucchinna) Adi AgamoM ke viSaya kA varNana hai | vAcanAvidhi meM AgamoM kI vAcanA karane kA ullekha hai| Agama Adi kA pUrNa jJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt sAdhu upAdhyAya aura AcArya kI tathA sAdhvI pravartinI aura mahattarA kI padavI ko prApta hotI hai| tatpazcAt anazanavidhi, mahApAriSThApanikAvidhi (zarIra kA antya saMskAra karane kI vidhi ), prAyazcittavidhi, pratiSThAvidhi, Adi kA varNana hai / pratiSThAvidhi saMskRta meM hai, yahA~ jinabiMbapratiSThA, dhvajAropa, kUrmapratiSThA, yaMtrapratiSThA, aura sthApanAcAryapratiSThA kA varNana hai| mudrAvidhi bhI saMskRta meM hai| isameM bhinna-bhinna mudrAoM kA ullekha hai / isake pazcAt 64 yoganiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| phira tIrthayAtrAvidhi tithividhi aura aMgavijjAsiddhivihI batAI gaI hai| aMgavijjA kI yahA~ sAdhanAvidhi pratipAdita kI gaI hai| isake alAvA jinavallabhasUri kI posahavihipayaraNa, dANavihi, pratyAkhyAnavicAraNA, naMdividhi Adi kitane hI laghugraMtha isa viSaya para likhe gye| 1. dekhiye jaina graMthAvali, pR0 144-154 /

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vividhatIrthakalpa (jha) tIrtha-saMbaMdhI vividhatIrthakalpa vividhatIrtha athavA kalpapradIpa' jinaprabhasUri kI dUsarI racanA hai| jaise hIravijayasUri ne mugala samrATa akabara bAdazAha ke darabAra meM sammAna prApta kiyA thA,vaise hI jinaprabhasUri ne tugalaka muhammadazAha ke darabAra meM Adara pAyA thaa| jinaprabhasUri ne gujarAta, rAjapUtAnA, mAlavA, madhyapradeza, barADa, dakSiNa, karNATaka, telaMga, bihAra, kozala, avadha, uttarapradeza aura paMjAba Adi ke tIrthasthAnoM kI yAtrA kI thii| isI yAtrA ke phalasvarUpa vividhatIrthakalpa nAmaka mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika graMtha kI racanA kI gaI hai| yaha graMtha vikrama saMvat 1386 (IsavI san 1332) meM samApta huaa| isameM gadya aura padyamaya saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA meM vividha kalpoM kI racanA huI hai, jinameM lagabhaga 37-38 tIrthoM kA paricaya diyA hai| isameM kula milAkara 62 kalpa haiN| raivatakagirikalpa meM rAjamatIguhA, chatrazilA, ghaMTazilA aura koTizilA nAma kI tIna zilAoM kA ullekha hai / aNahillavADaya nagara ke vastupAla aura tejapAla nAma ke maMtriyoM kA nAmollekha hai jinhoMne AbU ke suprasiddha jinamaMdiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| pArzvanAthakalpa meM pAvA, caMpA, aSTApada, revata, saMmeda, kAzI, nAsika, mihilA aura rAjagRha Adi pramukha tIrthoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ahicchatrAnagarIkalpa meM jayaMtI, nAgadamaNI, sahadevI, aparAjitA, lakSaNA Adi aneka mahA auSadhiyoM ke nAma ginAye haiN| mathurApurIkalpa meM aneka toraNa, dhvajA, aura mAlAoM se suzobhita stUpa kA ullekha hai| isa stUpa ko koI svayaMbhUdeva kA aura koI nArAyaNa kA stUpa kahatA thA, bauddha ise buddhAMDa mAnate the| lekina yaha stUpa jaina stUpa batAyA gayA hai / mathurA ke maMgalacaitya kA prarUpaNa bRhakalpasUtra-bhASya meM 1. muni jinavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita,' siMghI jaina jJAnapITha meM 1934 meM prakAzita / 23 prA0 sA0

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354 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kiyA gayA hai| mathurA ke kusatthala, mahAthala Adi pA~ca sthaloM aura vRndAvana, bhaMDIravana, madhuvana Adi bAraha vanoM ke nAma yahA~ ginAye haiM / vikrama saMvat 826 meM zrI bappabhaTTisUri ne mathurA meM zrI vIrabiMba kI sthApanA kii| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne yahA~ ke devanirmita stUpa meM devatA kI ArAdhanA kara dImakoM se khAye hue truTita mahAnizIthasUtra ko ThIka kiyA (sNdhiaN)| azvAvabodhatIrthakalpa meM sauliAvihAra (zakunikAvihAra) nAmaka prasiddha tIrtha kA ullekha hai| satyapurakalpa meM vikrama saMvat 1356 meM alAuddIna sulatAna ke choTe bhAI ullUkhA~ kA mAdhava mantrI se prerita ho dillI se gujarAja ke lie prasthAna karane kA ullekha hai| apApAbRhatkalpa meM batAyA hai ki mahAvIra ne sAdhu-jIvana meM 42 cAturmAsa nimnaprakAra se vyatIta kiye1 asthigrAma meM,3caMpA aura pRSThacaMpA meM,12vaizAlI aura vANiyagrAma meM,14 nAlaMdA aura rAjagRha meM, 6 mithilA meM,2 bhadiyA meM, 1 AlabhiyA meM, 1 paNiyabhUmi meM, aura 1 zrAvastI meM, aMtima cAturmAsa unhoMne madhyamapAvA meM hathisAla rAjA kI zulkazAlA meM vyatIta kiyA / yahA~ pAlaga, naMda, mauryavaMza, puSyamitra, balamitra-bhAnumitra, naravAhana, gardabhilla, zaka aura vikramAditya rAjAoM kA kAla batAyA gayA hai| aNahilapurasthita ariSTanemikalpa meM cAukkaDa, cAlukya Adi vaMzoM ke rAjAoM ke nAma ginAye haiN| tatpazcAt gujarAta meM alAuddIna sulatAna kA rAjya sthApita huaa| kapardiyakSakalpa meM kavaDiyakSa kI utpatti batAI hai| zrAvastI nagarI maheThi ke nAma se kahI jAtI thii| vArANasInagarIkalpa meM maNikarNikA ghATa kA ullekha hai jahA~ RSi loga paMcAgni tapa kiyA karate the / yahA~ dhAtuvAda, rasavAda, khanyavAda, maMtra aura vidyA meM paMDita tathA zabdAnuzAsana, tarka, nATaka, alaMkAra, jyotiSa, cUDAmaNi, nimittazAstra, sAhitya Adi meM nipuNa loga rasikoM ke mana Anandita kiyA karate the| devavArANasI meM vizvanAtha kA maMdira thaa| rAjadhAnIvArANasI

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chaThA adhyAya prAkRta kathA-sAhitya (IsavI sana kI 4thI zatAbdI se 17vIM zatAbdI taka) kathAoM kA mahatva kahAnI kI kalA atyaMta prAcIna kAla se calI AtI hai| hara deza kI apanI-apanI lokakathAyeM hotI haiM aura jo deza lokakathAoM se jitanA hI samRddha hai, utanA hI vaha sabhya aura susaMskRta mAnA jAtA hai| hamAre deza kA kathA-sAhitya kAphI saMpanna hai| isa sAhitya meM anekAneka kathAyeM, vArtAyeM, AkhyAna, dRSTAMta, upamA, udAharaNa Adi milate haiM jo zikSAprada hone ke sAtha-sAtha preraNAdAyaka aura manoraMjaka bhI haiN| Rgveda, brAhmaNa, upaniSad, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi meM kitane hI bodhaprada aura manoraMjaka kathAnaka haiM / bauddhoM kI jAtakakathAyeM kathA-sAhitya kA anupama bhaMDAra hai| paizAcI bhASA meM likhI huI guNADhya kI baDukahA (bRhatkathA) kahAniyoM kA akSaya koSa hI thaa| . jaina vidvAn pUrNabhadrasUri kA saMskRta meM likhA huA paMcataMtra to itanA lokapriya huA ki Age calakara pAThaka yahI bhUla gaye ki vaha kisI jaina vidvAn kI racanA ho sakatI hai| vastutaH binA par3he-likhe athavA kama par3he-likhe tathA bAlaka aura ajJa logoM ko bodha dene ke liye kahAnI sarvotkRSTa sAdhana hai aura vaha bhI yadi unhI kI bhASA meM sunAI jAye | Agama-sAhitya meM kathAyeM prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM kathA-sAhitya kI dRSTi se nAyAdhammakahAo kA atyaMta mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| yahA~ udAharaNa, dRSTAMta, upamA, rUpaka, saMvAda aura lokapracalita kathA-kahAniyoM dvArA

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357 Agama sAhitya meM kathAyeM saMyama, tapa aura tyAga ke upadezapUrvaka dharmakathA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dhanya sArthavAha aura usakI cAra patohuoM kI kahAnI eka suMdara lokakathA hai jisake dvArA kalyANamArga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isI prakAra mayUrI ke aMDe, do kachue, tuMbI, naMdIphala vRkSa, kAliyadvIpa ke azva Adi dRSTAMtoM dvArA dhArmika upadeza diyA hai| jinapAlita aura jinarakSita kA AkhyAna saMsAra ke pralobhanoM se bacane ke liye eka suMdara AkhyAna hai| tAlAba ke meDhaka aura samudra ke meDhaka kA saMvAda ullekhanIya hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kamaloM se AcchAdita sundara puSkariNI ke dRSTAMta dvArA dharma kA upadeza diyA hai| isa puSkariNI ke bIcoMbIca eka atyaMta sundara kamala lagA huA hai| cAra AdamI cAroM dizAoM se ise tor3ane ke liye Ate haiM, lekina saphala nahIM hote / itane meM kinAre para khar3A huA koI muni isa kamala ko tor3a letA hai| AkhyAnasaMbaMdhI dUsarI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai uttarAdhyayanasUtra | yaha eka dhArmika kAvya hai jisameM upamA, dRSTAMta tathA vividha AkhyAnoM aura saMvAdoM dvArA bar3I mArmika bhASA meM tyAga aura vairAgya kA upadeza diyA hai| namipravrajyA, harikeza-AkhyAna, cittasaMbhUti kI kathA, mRgAputra kA AkhyAna, rathanemI aura rAjImatI kA saMvAda, kezI-gautama kA saMvAda, anAthI muni kA vRttAnta, jayaghoSa muni aura vijayaghoSa brAhmaNa kA saMvAda Adi kitane hI AkhyAna aura saMvAda isa sUtra meM ullikhita haiM jinake dvArA nirgrantha pravacana kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mariyala ghor3e ke dRSTAMta dvArA batAyA hai ki jaise kisI mariyala ghor3e ko bAra-bAra cAbuka mAra kara calAnA par3atA hai, vaise hI ziSya ko bAra-bAra guru ke upadeza kI upekSA na karanI cAhiye / eDaka (meMDhA) ke dRSTAMta dvArA kahA hai ki jaise kisI meMDhe ko khilA-pilAkara puSTa kiyA jAtA hai, aura kisI atithi kA svAgata karane ke liye use mArakara atithi ko khilA diyA jAtA hai, yahI dazA adharmiSTha jIva kI hotI hai| vipAkazruta meM pApa-puNya-saMbaMdhI kathAoM kA

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358 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa varNana hai jo azubha karma se haTAkara zubha karma kI ora pravRtta karatI haiN| AgamoM kI vyAkhyAoM meM kathAyeM AgamoM para likhI huI vyAkhyAoM meM kathA-sAhitya kAphI pallavita huaa| niyukti-sAhitya meM kathAnaka, AkhyAna, udAharaNa aura dRSTAMta Adi kA gAthAoM ke rUpa meM saMgraha hai| subhASita, sUkti aura kahIM-kahIM samasyApUrti bhI yahA~ dikhAI de jAtI hai| gAMdhAra zrAvaka, tosaliputra, sthUlabhadra, kAlaka, karakaMDU, mRgAputra, metArya, cilAtIputra, mRgAvatI, subhadrA Adi kitane hI dhArmika aura paurANika AkhyAna yahA~ saMgrahIta haiM, jinake Upara Age calakara svataMtra kathAgrantha likhe gye| yogya-ayogya ziSya kA lakSaNa samajhAne ke liye gAya, caMdana kI bherI, ceTI, zrAvaka, badhira, goha aura TaMkaNa deza ke mleccha Adi ke dRSTAMta upasthita kiye gae haiN| sarvaprathama hameM isa sAhitya meM autpattikI, vainayikI, kAmikI aura pAriNAmikI nAma kI buddhiyoM ke vizada udAharaNa milate haiM jinameM loka-pracalita kathAoM kA samAveza hai| isa sambandha meM rohaka kA kauzala dikhAne ke liye zilA, meMDhA, kukkuTa, tila, bAlU kI rassI, hAthI, kUpa, vanakhaMDa aura pAyasa Adi ke manoraMjaka kathAnaka diye haiM jinameM buddhi ko parakhanevAlI aneka prahelikAyeM ullikhita haiM / niyukti kI bhA~ti saMkSipta zailI meM likhe gaye bhASya-sAhitya meM bhI aneka kathAnaka aura dRSTAMtoM dvArA viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dhUrtoM ke manoraMjaka AkhyAna isa sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| brAhmaNoM ke atiraMjita paurANika AkhyAnoM para yahA~ tIvra vyaMgya lakSita hotA hai| sAdhuoM ko dharma meM sthira rakhane ke lie loka meM pracalita aneka kathAoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| caturvedI brAhmaNoM kI kathA ke mAdhyama se ziSyoM ko AcArya kI sevA-suzrUSA meM rata rahane kA upadeza hai / aneka rAjAoM, rAja

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AgamoM kI vyAkhyAoM meM kathAyeM 359 maMtriyoM, vyApAriyoM tathA coroM Adi ke sarasa AkhyAna isa sAhitya meM ullikhita haiN| cUrNI-sAhitya ke gadyapradhAna hone se isa kAla meM kathA-sAhitya ko eka nayA mor3a milA | jinadAsagaNi kI vizeSanizIthacUrNI meM laukika AkhyAyikAoM meM NaravAhaNadattakathA, lokottara AkhyAyikAoM meM taraMgavatI, malayavatI aura magadhasenA, AkhyAnoM meM dhUrtAkhyAna, zRMgArakAvyoM meM setu tathA kathAoM meM vasudevacarita aura ceTakakathA kA ullekha hai, jisase isa kAla meM kathA-sAhitya kI saMpannatA kA sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| durbhAgya se ekAdha grantha ko chor3akara prAkRta kathAoM kA yaha vipula bhaMDAra Ajakala upalabdha nahIM hai| aneka aitihAsika, ardha-aitihAsika, dhArmika aura laukika kathAyeM tathA anuzrutiyA~ isa sAhitya meM dekhane meM AtI haiN| paraMparAgata kathA-kahAniyoM ke sAtha-sAtha nUtana abhinava kahAniyoM kI racanA bhI isa kAla meM huii| ataeva vanasvAmI, dazapura kI utpatti, celanA kA haraNa, kUNika kA vRttAMta, kUNika aura ceTaka kA yuddha Adi vRttAMtoM ke sAtha-sAtha brAhmaNa aura usakI tIna kanyAe~, dhanavAna aura daridra vaNika, hAthI aura do giragiTa, parvata aura mahAmegha kI lar3AI, kakar3I becanevAlA aura dhUrta, siddhaputra ke do ziSya, aura hiMguziva vyaMtara Adi saikar3oM manoraMjaka aura bodhaprada laukika AkhyAna isa samaya race gye| sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAroM ko suspaSTa karane ke liye yahA~ aneka udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke prema-saMvAda bhI jahA~-tahA~ dRSTigocara ho jAte haiN| ___TIkA-sAhitya to kathA-kahAniyoM kA akSaya bhaMDAra hai| ina TIkAoM ke saMskRta meM hone para bhI inakA kathAbhAga prAkRta meM hI likhA gayA hai| Avazyaka aura dazavaikAlika Adi sUtroM para TIkA likhanevAle yAkinIsUnu haribhadra (IsavI san 705-775) ne Age calakara samarAiccakahA, aura dhUrtAkhyAna jaise kathA-anthoM kI racanA kara jaina kathA-sAhitya ko samRddha

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360 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa banAyA | 11vIM sadI ke suprasiddha TIkAkAra vAdivetAla zAMtisUri kI uttarAdhyayana sUtra para likhI huI TIkA pAiya (prAkRta ) ke nAma se hI kahI jAtI hai| isI TIkA ko AdhAra mAna kara nemicandrasUri ne uttarAdhyayana sUtra para sukhabodhA TIkA kI racanA kI / Age calakara ina AcArya ne aura Amradeva sUri ne AkhyAnamaNikoSa jaisA mahatvapUrNa kathA-prantha likhA jisameM jainadharmasaMbaMdhI cunI huI utkRSTa kathA-kahAniyoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA / anuyogadvAra sUtra ke vRttikAra maladhArIhemacandra ne bhavabhAvanA aura upadezamAlAprakaraNa jaise kathA-prantha likhakara kathA-sAhitya ke sarjana meM abhivRddhi kI | anya bhI aneka AkhyAna aura kathAnaka isa kAla meM likhe gye| isa prakAra Agama-sAhitya meM varNita dhArmika aura laukika kathAoM ke AdhAra para uttarakAlIna prAkRta kathA-sAhitya uttarottara vikasita hokara vRddhi ko prApta ho gayA / kathAoM ke rUpa prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA kAla IsavI san kI lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI se lekara sAdhAraNatayA 16vIM-17vIM zatAbdI taka calatA hai| isameM kathA, upakathA, aMtarkathA, AkhyAna, AkhyAyikA, udAharaNa, dRSTAnta, vRttAMta aura carita Adi ke bheda se kathAoM ke aneka rUpa dRSTigocara hote haiM / kathAoM ko manoraMjaka banAne ke liye unameM vividha saMvAda, buddhi kI parIkSA, vAkkauzalya, praznottara, uttara-pratyuttara, helikA, prahelikA, samasyApUrti, subhASita, sUkti, kahAvata, tathA gIta, pragIta, viSNugItikA, carcarI, gAthA, chaMda Adi kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| vasudevahiNDI meM AkhyAyikA-pustaka, kathAvijJAna aura vyAkhyAna kA ullekha milatA hai| haribhadrasUri ne samarAicakahA (pR02) meM sAmAnyarUpa se arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA aura saMkIrNakathA' 1. udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA meM kathAoM ke tIna bheda batAye haiM-dharmakathA, arthakathA aura kAmakathA; phira dharmakathA ko cAra bhAgoM

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kathAoM ke rUpa 361 ke bheda se kathAoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| arthopArjana kI ora abhimukha karanevAlI kathA ko arthakathA, kAma kI ora pravRtta karanevAlI kathA ko kAmakathA, kSamAmArdava-Arjava Adi saddharma kI ora le jAnevAlI kathA ko dharmakathA; tathA dharma, artha aura kAma kA pratipAdana karanevAlI, kAvya, kathA aura anya ke artha kA vistAra karanevAlI, laukika aura dhArmikarUpa meM prasiddha tathA udAharaNa, hetu aura kAraNa se yukta kathA ko saMkIrNakathA kahA hai| adhama, madhyama aura uttama ke bheda se zrotAoM ke tIna bheda kiye haiN| isa kRti meM kue~ meM laTakate hue puruSa, tathA sarpa aura mer3haka ke dRSTAMta dvArA lekhaka ne jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, aura nivRtipura (mokSa) meM pahu~cane kA mArga batAyA meM vibhakta kiyA hai-AkSepaNI, vikSepiNI, saMvedinI aura nirvedinI / sudaMsaNAcariya ke kartA devendrasUri ko yahI vibhAjana mAnya hai / manonukUla vicitra aura apUrva arthavAlI kathA ko AkSepaNI, kuzAstroM kI ora se udAsIna karanevAlI mana ke pratikUla kathA ko vikSepiNI, jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa mana ko mokSa kI ora le jAnevAlI katha ko saMvedinI, tathA vairAgya utpanna karanevAlI kathA ko nirvedinI kathA kahA gayA hai| siddharSi kI upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA (prastAva 1) bhI dekhiye| hemacandra AcArya ne kAvyAnuzAsana ( 8.7-8) meM AkhyAyikA aura kathA meM antara batAyA hai| AkhyAyikA meM ucchvAsa hote haiM aura vaha saMskRta gadya meM likhI jAtI hai, jaise harSacarita, jaba ki kathA kabhI gadya meM (jaise kAdambarI), kabhI padya meM (jaise lIlAvatI) aura kabhI saMskRta, prAkRta, mAgadhI, zaurasenI, paizAcI aura apabhraMza bhASAoM meM likhI jAtI hai| upAkhyAna, AkhyAna, nidarzana, pravahnikA, maMthallikA, maNikulyA, parikathA, khaMDakathA, saphalakathA aura bRhatkathAye kathA ke bheda batAye gaye haiN| sAhityadarpaNa (6. 334-- 5) bhI dekhiye|

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362 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa hai| haribhadra kA dhUrtAkhyAna to hAsya, vyaMgya aura vinoda kA ekamAtra kathA-graMtha hai| haribhadrasUri kA upadezapada dharmakathAnuyoga kI eka dUsarI racanA hai| kuzala kathAkAra haribhadrasUri ne apanI isa mahatvapUrNa racanA ko dRSTAMtoM, udAharaNoM, rUpakoM, vividha manoraMjaka saMvAdoM, prativAdI ko parAsta kara denevAle mu~hator3a uttaroM, dhUtoM ke AkhyAnoM, subhASitoM aura uktiyoM dvArA / susajita kiyA hai| kuvalayamAlA ke racayitA udyotanasUri (IsavI san 776) bhI eka uccakoTi ke samartha kalAkAra ho 'gaye haiN| unhoMne apanI racanA meM aneka loka-pracalita dezI bhASAoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| kathAsuMdarI ko navavadhU ke samAna alaMkArasahita, suMdara, lalita padAvali se vibhUSita, mRdu aura maMju saMlApoM se yukta aura sahRdaya janoM ko AnandadAyaka ghoSita kara kathA-sAhitya ko unhoMne lokapriya banAyA hai / lekhaka kI yaha anupama kRti aneka hRdayagrAhI varNanoM, kAvya-kathAoM, premAkhyAnoM, saMvAdoM, aura samasyA-pUrti Adi se sajIva ho uThI hai| sudaMsaNAcariya ke kartA devendrasUri ne rAtrikathA, strIkathA, bhaktakathA aura janapadakathA nAma kI cAra vikathAoM kA tyAga karake dharmakathA ke zravaNa ko hitakArI vatAyA hai| somaprabhasUri ne kumArapAlapratibodha kA kucha aMza dhArmika kathAbaddha rUpaka kAvya / meM prastuta kiyA hai jisameM jIva, mana aura indriyoM kA pArasparika vArtAlApa bahuta hI suMdara bana par3A hai| isake atirikta jinezvarasUri kA kathAkoSaprakaraNa, nemicandasUri aura vRttikAra Amradeva sUri kA AkhyAnamaNikoSa, guNacandragaNi kA kathAratnakoSa tathA prAkRtakathAsaMgraha Adi racanAyeM kathA-sAhitya kI nidhi haiN| isI prakAra haribhadrasUri kA upadezapada, dharmadAsagaNi kA upadezamAlA, jayasihasUri kA upadezaratnamAlA aura maladhArI hemacandra kA upadezamAlAprakaraNa Adi graMtha upadezapradhAna kathAoM ke anupama saMgraha haiM, jinameM jainadharma kI saikar3oM hajAroM dhArmika aura laukika kathAyeM sanniviSTa haiN| HIRTHHHHUH

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jaina lekhakoM kA nUtana dRSTikoNa 363 jaina lekhakoM kA nUtana dRSTikoNa mAlUma hotA hai ki isa samaya veda aura brAhmaNoM ko pramukhatA denevAlI atiraMjita kalpanAoM se pUrNa brAhmaNoM kI paurANika kathA-kahAniyoM se logoM kA mana Uba rahA thaa| ataeva kathAsAhitya meM eka naye mor3a kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava kiyA jA rahA thaa| vimalasUri vAlmIkirAmAyaNa ke aneka aMzoM ko kalpita aura avizvasanIya mAnate the aura isaliye jaina rAmAyaNa kA vyAkhyAna karane ke liye paumacariya kI racanA karane meM ve prerita hue / dhUrtAkhyAna meM to brAhmaNoM kI paurANika kathAoM para eka abhinava zailI meM tIvra vyaMgya kiyA gayA hai| lekina prazna thA ki tyAga aura vairAgyapradhAna jainadharma ke upadezoM ko kaunasI prabhAvotpAdaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA jAya jisase pAThakagaNa jaina kathAkAroM kI lalita vANI sunakara unake AkhyAnoM kI ora AkarSita ho skeN| jaina muniyoM ko zrRMgAra Adi kathAoM ke sunane aura sunAne kA niSedha thA, aura idhara pAThakoM ko sAdhAraNatayA isI prakAra kI kathAoM meM rasa kI upalabdhi hotI thii| vasudevahiNDIkAra ne isa saMbaMdha meM apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM soUNa loiyANaM NaravAhanadattAdINaM kahAo kAmiyAo logo egaMteNa kAmakahAsu rajjati / soggaipahadesiyaM puNa dhamma souM pi necchati ya jarapittavasakaDuyamuho iva gulasakarakhaMDamacchaMDiyAisu viparItapariNAmo | dhammatthakAmakaliyANi ya suhANi dhammatthakAmANa ya mUlaM dhammo, tammi ya maMdataro jaNo, taM jaha 1. prabaMdhaciMtAmaNikAra ne isa ora iMgita kiyA hai bhRzaM zrutatvAnna kathAH purANAH prINati cetAMsi tathA budhAnAm // -paurANika kathAoM ke bAra-bAra zravaNa karane se paMDita janoM ko citta prasanna nahIM hotaa|

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364 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa NAma koI vejjo AuraM amayausahapANaparaMmuhaM osaDhamiti uvvilayaM maNobhilasiyapANavavaeseNa usahaM taM pajjeti / kAmakahAratahitayassa jaNassa siMgArakahAvaseNa dhammaM ceva parikahemi / ' -naravAhanadatta Adi laukika kAma-kathAyeM sunakara loga ekAMta meM kAmakathAoM kA Ananda lete haiN| jvarapitta se yadi kisI rogI kA mu~ha kaDuA ho jAye to jaise use gur3a, zakara, khA~Da aura matsyaMDikA (bUrA) Adi bhI kaDuvI lagatI hai, vaise hI sugati ko le jAnevAle dharma ko sunane kI loga icchA nahIM karate / dharma, artha aura kAma se hI sukha kI prApti hotI hai, tathA dharma, artha aura kAma kA mUla hai dharma, aura isameM loga maMdatara rahate haiN| amRta auSadha ko pIne kI icchA na karanevAle kisI rogI ko jaise koI vaidya manobhilASita vastu dene ke bahAne use apanI auSadha bhI de detA hai, usI prakAra jina logoM kA hRdaya kAmakathA ke zravaNa karane meM saMlagna hai, unheM zRMgArakathA ke bahAne maiM apanI isa dharmakathA kA zravaNa karAtA huuN| premAkhyAna kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki ina saba bAtoM ko socakara jaina AcAryoM ne apanI dharmakathAoM meM zrRMgArarasa se pUrNa premAkhyAnoM kA samAveza kara unheM lokopayogI bnaayaa| phala yaha huA ki unakI racanAoM meM madana mahotsavoM ke varNana jor3e gaye aura vasaMta krIr3AoM Adi ke premapUrNa citra upasthita kiye jAne lge| aise romAMcakArI avasaroM para koI yuvaka kisI SoDazI ko dekhakara apanA bhAna kho baiThatA, aura kAmajvara se pIr3ita rahane lagatA; yuvatI kI bhI yahI dazA hotii| kapUra, candana aura jalasiMcita tAlavRnta Adi se usakA zItopacAra kiyA jAtA | guptarUpa se prema-patrikAoM kA AdAna-pradAna AraMbha 1. vasudevahiNDI, bhAga 2, muni jinavijaya jI ke vasaMta mahotsava, saMvat 1984 meM 'kuvalayamAlA' lekha se uddhRta /

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premAkhyAna ho jAtA | phira mAtA-pitA ko isa premAnurAga kA samAcAra milate hI prItidAna Adi ke sAtha donoM kA vivAha ho jAtA, aura isa prakAra vipralaMbha saMyoga meM badala jaataa| kabhI kisI yuvatI kI sarpadaMza se rakSA karane yA use unmatta hAthI ke AkramaNa se bacAne ke upalakSya meM kanyA ke mAtA-pitA kisI yuvaka ke bala va pauruSa se mugdha ho use apanI kanyA de dete| kisI suMdara aura guNasampanna rAjA yA rAjakumAra ko prApta karane ke liye bhI kanyAyeM lAlAyita rahatIM aura isake lie svayaMvara kA Ayojana kiyA jaataa| kitanI hI bAra prema ho jAne para, mAtApitA kI anumati na milane se yuvaka aura yuvatI anyatra jAkara gAMdharva vivAha kara lete| zRGgArakathA-pradhAna vasudevahiNDI kA dhammillakumAra ratikrIr3A meM kuzalatA prApta karane ke liye vasaMtasenA nAma kI gaNikA ke ghara rahane lagatA hai| kuvalayamAlA meM prema aura zRGgArarasapUrNa aneka vismayakAraka citra prastuta kiye gaye haiN| vAsabhavana meM praveza karate samaya kuvalayamAlA aura usakI sakhiyoM ke bIca praznottara hote haiN| tatpazcAt vara-vadhU premAlApa, hAsya-vinoda aura kAmakelipUrvaka milana kI prathama rAtri vyatIta karate haiN| kathAkoSaprakaraNa meM bhI premAlApa ke utkaTa prasaMga upasthita kiye haiM / jJAnapaMcamIkahA, surasuMdarIcarita aura kumArapAlacarita meM jahA~-tahA~ prema aura zRMgArarasa-pradhAna uktiyA~ dikhAI de jAtI haiN| prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM suMdarI devI kA AkhyAna eka suMdara premAkhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| suMdarI devI vikrama rAjA ke guNoM kA zravaNa kara usase prema karane lagatI hai| usake pAsa vaha eka totA bhejatI hai| tote ke peTa meM se eka suMdara hAra aura kastUrI se likhA huA eka patra nikalatA hai| patra par3hakara vikramarAjA suMdarI devI se milane ke liye vyAkula ho uThatA hai, aura turata hI ratnapura ke liye prasthAna karatA hai| anta meM donoM kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| rayaNaseharIkahA vipralaMbha aura saMyoga kA eka sarasa AkhyAna hai| ratnapura kA ratnazekhara

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366 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nAma kA rAjA siMhaladvIpa kI kanyA ratnavatI ke rUpa kI prazaMsA sunakara usa para mugdha ho jAtA hai ! rAjA kA maMtrI eka joginI kA rUpa banAkara siMhaladvIpa pahu~catA hai aura rAjakumArI se milatA hai| tatpazcAt rAjA vahA~ takrIr3A karane ke liye kAmadeva ke maMdira meM jAtA hai| donoM kI dRSTi eka hotI hai, paraspara praznottara hote haiM aura anta meM viyoga saMyoga meM pariNata ho jAtA hai|' taraMgavatI, malayavatI aura magadhasenA ke sAtha, bandhumatI aura sulocanA nAmaka kathAgraMthoM kA bhI ullekha jaina vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| ye premAkhyAna zRMgArarasa-pradhAna rahe hoMge, durbhAgya se abhI taka ye anupalabdha haiN| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki jaina AcAryoM dvArA likhe gaye kathA-graMtha yadyapi dharmakathA ko mukhya mAnakara hI likhe gaye, lekina apanI racanAoM ko lokapriya banAne ke liye prema aura zrRMgAra ko bhI unhoMne ina racanAoM meM yatheSTa sthAna diyaa| vividha varNana kisI laukika mahAkAvya yA upanyAsa kI bhA~ti prAkRta kathA-graMthoM meM bhI RtuoM, vana, aTavI, udyAna, jalakrIDA, sUryodaya, candrodaya, sUryAsta, nagara, rAjA, sainikoM kA yuddha, bhIloM kA AkramaNa, madana mahotsava, sutajanma, vivAha, svayaMvara, strIharaNa, jaina muniyoM kA nagarI meM Agamana, dIkSAvidhi Adi viSayoM kA sarasa varNana upalabdha hotA hai| udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA meM vijayA nagarI ke kisI chAtroM ke maTha kA atyaMta svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA hai| isa maTha meM lATa, karNATaka, mahArASTra, zrIkaMTha, siMdhu, mAlava, saurASTra Adi dUra-dUra dezoM se Aye hue chAtra lakuTiyuddha, bAhuyuddha, Alekhya, gIta, nRtya, vAdina aura bhAMDa Adi vidyAoM kI zikSA prApta kiyA karate the| ye bar3e durvinIta 1. malikamuhammada jAyasI kA padmAvata isa premAkhyAna kAvya se prabhAvita jAna par3atA hai|

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sAmAnya jIvana kA citraNa 367 aura garviSTha the, tathA suMdara yuvatiyoM para dRSTipAta karane ke liye lAlAyita rahA karate the| samasyApUrti dvArA kuvalayamAlA ko prApta karane ke saMbaMdha meM unameM jo pArasparika vArtAlApa hotA hai vaha chAtroM kI manovRtti kA suMdara citra upasthita karatA hai| vyApArI loga apane pravahaNoM meM vividha prakAra kA mAla bhara kara cIna, suvarNabhUmi, aura TaMkaNa Ari sudUra dezoM kI yAtrA karate the / beDiya ( beDA),begaDa, silla (sita=pAla), Avatta (gola nAva), khurappa (hor3I), bohittha, kharakulliya Adi aneka prakAra ke pravahaNoM kA ullekha yahA~ milatA hai / kuvalayamAlA meM golla, magadha, aMtarvedI, kIra, Dhakka, siMdhu, maru, gurjara, lATa, mAlavA Adi dezoM ke rahanevAle vaNikoM kA ullekha hai jo apane apane dezoM kI bhASAoM meM bAtacIta karate the| guNacandragaNi ne vArANasI nagarI kA suMdara varNana kiyA hai| yahA~ ke Thaga usa samaya bhI prasiddha the| sAmAnya jIvana kA citraNa jaina prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya meM rAjA, maMtrI, zreSThI, sArthavAha, aura senApati Adi kevala nAyakoM kA hI nahIM, balki bhAratIya janatA ke vibhinna vargoM ke sAmAnya jIvana kA bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha citraNa kiyA gayA hai jisase bhAratIya sabhyatA ke itihAsa para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| haribhadrasUri ne upadezapada meM kisI sajjana puruSa ke parivAra kA bar3A dayanIya citra khIMcA hai| usa becAre ke ghara meM thor3A sA sattu, thor3A sA ghI-zakkara aura thor3A sA dUdha rakkhA huA thA, lekina durbhAgya se sabhI cIjeM jamIna para bikhara gaIM, aura use phAke karane kI naubata A phuNcii| aisI hAlata meM mitratA karake, rAjA kI sevA-Tahala karake, devatA kI ArAdhanA karake, maMtra kI siddhi karake, samudrayAtrA karake tathA banija-vyApAra Adi dvArA aparthorjina karane ko pradhAna batAyA gayA hai (kuvlymaalaa)| ratnacUDacaritra ke kartA ne IzvarI nAma kI seThAnI ke kaTu svabhAva kA bar3A jItA

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jAgatA citra upasthita kiyA hai| yaha seThAnI bar3I kRpaNa thI, ghara Aye hue kisI sAdhu-saMta ko kabhI kucha nahIM detI thii| jaba kucha sAdhu usake pIche hI par3a gaye to jalatI huI lakar3I lekara vaha khule kezoM se isa burI taraha unheM mArane jhapaTI ki phira kabhI unhoMne seThAnI ko mu~ha nahIM dikhAyA / maladhArI hemacandra ne bhavabhAvanA meM bhUI nAma kI eka kalihArI sAsa kA citraNa kiyA hai| vaha kabhI ghara se bAhara nahIM nikalatI thI; apanI bahU ke sAtha lar3AI-jhagar3A karatI rahatI, sAdhu-saMtoM ko. dekhakara mu~ha bicakAtI aura kisI na kisI ke sAtha usakA jhagar3A-TaMTA lagA hI rahatA thaa| kauzAMbI ke eka atyaMta daridra brAhmaNa parivAra kA bhI yahA~ eka karuNAjanaka citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai| bacce usake bhUkha se bilabilA rahe haiM, strI udAsa baiThI hai, ghara meM ghI, tela, nUna aura IMdhana kA nAma nahIM, lar3akI sayAnI ho gaI hai, usake vivAha kI cintA hai, lar3akA abhI choTA hai isaliye dhana kamAne ke lAyaka nahIM hai| jIvana kI vividha avasthAoM para prakAza DAlane vAle anya bhI aneka sajIva citraNa yahA~ para bhare par3e haiN| hAthI pakar3ane kI vidhi aura ghor3oM ke lakSaNa Adi kA yahA~ ullekha hai| maMtrazAstra jAna par3atA hai ki prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ke isa yuga meM, vizeSakara IsavI san kI 11 vI-12 vIM zatAbdI meM maMtra-taMtra, vidyA-sAdhanA tathA kApAlika aura vAmamArgiyoM kA bahuta jora thA, aura ve zrIparvata se jAlaMdhara taka ghUmA karate the| udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA meM siddha puruSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinheM aMjana, maMtra, taMtra, yakSiNI, joginI, rAkSasI aura pizAcI Adi deviyA~ siddha thiiN| dhAtuvAdI dhAtu ko jamIna se nikAlakara khAra ke sAtha usakA dhamana karate the, kriyAvAdI joga-jugati kA Azraya lete the, aura narendra rasa ko bA~dhate the| narendroM kI nAginI, bhramarI Adi bhASAoM kA ullekha hai|

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maMtrazAstra 369 maMtroM kI jApa karane ke liye maMDapa banAye jAte, tathA unameM ghI, tila aura kASTha kA havana kiyA jAtA thaa| surasundarIcariya meM bhUta bhagAne ke liye namaka utAranA, sarasoM mAranA aura rakSApoTalI bA~dhane kA ullekha hai| AkhyAnamaNikoSa meM bhairavAnaMda kA varNana hai| isa viSaya kA sabase vizada varNana guNacandra gaNi (devendrasUri ) kI racanAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, jisase patA lagatA hai ki unake yuga meM maMtravidyA kA bahuta pracAra thaa| . mahAvIracarita meM ghoraziva tapasvI kA varNana hai jo vazIkaraNa Adi vidhAoM meM kuzala thaa| zrIparvata se vaha AyA thA aura jAlaMdhara ke liye prasthAna kara rahA thaa| rAjA ne apane maMtra ke bala se ghoraziva se koI camatkAra pradarzita karane kA anurodha kiyA / ghoraziva ne kRSNa caturdazI ko rAtri ke samaya zmazAna, meM pahu~ca vedikA Adi raca kara maMtra japanA prAraMbha kara diyaa| mahAkAla nAmaka yogAcArya maMtrasiddhi ke liye pradhAna kSatriyoM ke vadha dvArA agni kA tarpaNa karanA mukhya samajhatA thaa| pArzvanAthacarita meM baMgAdhipati kuladevatA kAtyAyanI kI pUjA karatA hai| usa samaya vahA~ maMtravidyA meM kuzala aura vAmamArga meM nipuNa bhAgurAyaNa nAma kA guru nivAsa karatA thaa| usane rAjA ko maMtra kI jApa dvArA betAla siddha karane kI vidhi btaaii| hAtha meM kaiMcI liye hue betAla upasthita huA aura usane rAjA se apane mAMsa aura rakta dvArA usakA kapAla bhara dene ko kahA | zAkiniyoM kA yahA~ varNana hai; vaTa vRkSa ke nIce ekatrita hokara eka murde ko liye ve baiThI huI thiiN| koI kApAlika vidyA siddha kara rahA thA / bhairavoM ko kAtyAyanI kA maMtra siddha rahatA hai| ye loga ravi aura zazi ke pavana saMcAra ko dekhakara phalAphala kA nirdezana karate haiN| kisI kumArI kanyA ko snAna karAkara, use zveta dukUla ke vastra pahanA, usake zarIra ko caMdana se carcita kara maMDala ke Upara baiThAte haiM, phira vaha praznakartA ke praznoM kA uttara dene lagatI hai| kathAranakoSa meM sarpaviSa kA nAza karane ke liye nAgakuloM kI upAsanA kA ullekha hai / 24 prA0sA0

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370 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa yaha vidyA bhI kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri meM zmazAna meM baiThakara siddha kI jAtI thii| jogAnaMda nAma kA koI nimittazAstra kA vettA basaMtapura se kAMcIpura ke liye prasthAna kara rahA thA / kaliMgadeza ke kAlasena nAmaka parivrAjaka ko paizAcika vidyA siddha thii| jogaMdhara nAma ke kisI siddha ko koI adRzya aMjana siddha thA jise A~khoM meM AMjakara vaha svecchApUrvaka vihAra kara sakatA thaa| AkRSTi, dRSTimohana, vazIkaraNa aura uccATana meM pravINa tathA yogazAstra meM kuzala bala nAma kA eka siddhapuruSa kAmarUpa (AsAma) meM nivAsa karatA thaa| isake atirikta puSpayonizAstra, arthazAstra, kAmazAstra, joNIpAhuDa, aMgavidyA, cUr3AmaNizAstra, garuDazAstra, rAjalakSaNa, sAmudrika, ratnaparIkSA, khanyavidyA, maNizAstra Adi kA ullekha isa sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai| taraMgalIlA aura vasudevahiNDI meM arthazAstra kI prAkRta gAthAyeM uddhata kI gaI haiN| haribhadrasUri ne samarAiJcakahA meM azoka, kAmAMkura aura lalitAMga ko kAmazAstra meM kuzala batAte hue kAmazAstra ke adhyayana se dharma aura artha kI siddhi batAI hai| kuvalayamAlAkAra ke kathanAnusAra joNIpAhuDa meM ullikhita koI bhI bAta kabhI mithyA nahIM ho sktii| jaina mAnyatAyeM Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki apanI racanAoM ko lokaraMjaka banAne ke liye jaina vidvAnoM ne samanvayavAdI vRtti se kAma liyA, lekina dharmadezanA kA puTa usameM sadA pradhAna rhaa| satkarma meM pravRtti aura asatkarma se nivRtti yahI unakA lakSya rhaa| lokapracalita kathAoM tathA brAhmaNa aura bauddhoM kI kahAniyoM ko jaina DhA~ce meM DhAlakara isa lakSya kI pUrti kI gii| jagaha-jagaha dAna, zIla, tapa aura sadbhAva kA pratipAdana kara saMyama, tapa, tyAga aura vairAgya kI mukhyatA para jora diyA

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jaina mAnyatAyeM 371 gayA', aura isa sabakA pratipAdana nagara ke udyAna meM Thahare hue kisI muni yA kevalI ke mukha se karAyA gyaa| upadeza ke prasaMga meM muni mahArAja apane yA zrotA ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana karane lagate haiM, aura avAntara kathAoM ke kAraNa mUlakathA pIche chUTa jAtI hai| haribhadra kI samarAiJcakahA meM eka hI vyakti ke dasa bhavoM kA vistRta varNana hai| yahA~ karmapariNati mukhya sthAna grahaNa karatI hai jo jIvamAtra ke bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kA nizcaya karatI hai| Akhira pUrva janmakRta karma ke hI kAraNa manuSya U~cI yA nIcI gati ko prApta hotA hai, aura isIliye prANimAtra para dayA karanA Avazyaka batAyA hai| tyAga aura vairAgya kI mukhyatA hone se yahA~ strI-nindA ke prakaraNoM kA A jAnA bhI svAbhAvika hai| paumacariya meM striyoM ko duzcaritra kA mUla batAkara sItA ke caritra ke saMbaMdha meM sandeha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai, aura yaha bAta rAmacandra ke mukha se kahalAI gaI hai| yadyapi dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai ki rAjImatI, caMdanabAlA, subhadrA, mRgAvatI, jayaMtI, damayaMtI Adi kitanI hI satI-sAdhvI mahilAyeM apane zIla, tyAga aura saMyama ke liye jaina paraMparA meM prasiddha ho gaI haiN| isa dizA meM kumArapAlapratibodha meM zIlamatI kA manoraMjaka aura bodhaprada AkhyAna ullekhanIya hai| 1. jinezvarasUri ne kathAkoSa meM kahA hai sammattAI guNANaM lAmo jaha hoja kittiyANaM pi / tA hojaNe payAso sakayastho jayau suyadevI / -yadi thor3e bhI zrotAoM ko isa kRti ke sunane se samyaktva Adi guNoM kI prApti ho sake to maiM apane prayAsa ko saphala smshRNgaa| 2. upadezapada-TIkA (pR. 354 ) meM kahA hai savvo puvakayANaM kammANaM pAvae phalavivAgaM / avarAhesu guNesu ya nimittamettaM paro hoI //

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372 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kathA-graMthoM kI bhASA mahezvarasUri ne jJAnapaMcamIkathA meM kahA hai ki alpa buddhivAle loga saMskRta nahIM samajhate, isaliye sukhabodha prAkRtakAvya kI racanA kI jAtI hai, tathA gUr3ha aura dezI zabdoM se rahita, sulalita padoM se guMphita aura ramya aisA prAkRta-kAvya kisake hRdaya ko Ananda nahIM detA ? prAkRta bhASA kI ina racanAoM ko harmana jaikobI Adi vidvAnoM ne mahArASTrI prAkRta nAma diyA hai| dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa meM mahArASTrI bhASA kI kAminI aura aTavI ke sAtha tulanA karate hue use sulalita padoM se saMpanna, kAmotpAdaka tathA sundara varNoM se zobhita batAyA hai| prAkRta ke ina kathAgranthoM meM saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM kA bhI yatheSTa upayoga kiyA gayA hai| aneka sthaloM para bIca-bIca meM sUktiyoM athavA subhASitoM kA kAma saMskRta athavA apabhraMza se liyA hai| kaI jagaha to sArA prakaraNa hI saMskRta athavA apabhraMza meM likhA gayA hai| dezI bhASA ke aneka mahattvapUrNa zabda isa sAhitya meM yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiM jo bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se atyaMta upayogI haiM / ' prAkRta kathAoM ke racayitA prAyaH prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM hI bhASAoM para samAna pAMDitya rakhate the, isaliye bhI prAkRta racanAoM meM saMskRta kA upayoga honA . . anivArya thaa| 1. udAharaNa ke liye sUyarapillA (sUara kA pillA; vasudevahiNDI), choyara (chokarA; upadezapada), johAra (juhAra; dharmopadezamAlA), ciDama (cir3iyA; jJAnapaMcamIkahA), 'rola (zora; surasuMdarIcariya), buMbAo (gujarAtI meM bUma mAranA-cillAnA; bhavabhAvanA,), gAlidANa (gAlI denA; pAsanAhacariya, nAhara (siMha; sudaMsaNacariya), uMDA (gaharA; supAsanAhacariya ) Adi / pariziSTa naMbara 1 meM isa prakAra ke mahatvapUrNa zabdoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai|

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prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA utkarSakAla 373 prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA utkarSakAla prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se patA calatA hai ki IsavI sana kI nauMvIM-dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva jaina AcAryoM ke likhe hue prAkRta kathA-granthoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama thii| udAharaNa ke liye, isa kAla meM caritAtmaka graMthoM meM paumacariya, harivaMsacariya, taraMgavatI, taraMgalIlA, vasudevahiNDI, samarAicakahA, kuvalayamAlA aura zIlAcArya kA cauppannamahApurisacariya Adi, tathA upadeza-granthoM meM upadezapada, upadezamAlA, aura dharmopadezamAlA Adi hI maujUda the| lekina gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vidvAnoM meM eka abhUtapUrva jAgRti utpanna huI jisake phalasvarUpa dosau-tInasau varSoM ke bhItara saikar3oM abhinava kathA-granthoM kA nirmANa huA | isakA pramukha kAraNa thA ki usa samaya gujarAta meM cAlukya, mAlavA meM paramAra tathA rAjasthAna meM guhilota aura cAhamAna rAjAoM ke rAja the aura ye loga jainadharma ke prati vizeSa abhiruci rakhate the| phala yaha huA ki gujarAta, mAlavA aura rAjasthAna ke rAjadarabAroM meM jaina mahAmAtyoM, daMDanAyakoM, senApatiyoM aura zreSTiyoM kA prabhAva kAphI bar3ha gayA jisase gujarAta meM aNahillapura, khaMbhAta aura bhaDauMca, rAjasthAna meM bhinnamAla, jAbAlipura, ajayameru, aura cittaur3a, tathA mAlavA meM ujjaina, gvAliyara aura dhArA Adi nagara jaina AcAryoM kI pravRttiyoM ke mukhya kendra bana gye| ina sthAnoM meM likhita prAkRta-sAhitya kI racanAoM ke adhyayana se kaI bAtoM kA patA lagatA hai| ina graMthakAroM ne ardhamAgadhI ke jaina AgamoM ko apanI kRtiyoM kA AdhAra banAyA, AgamottarakAlIna prAkRta ke kathAkAra haribhadrasUri Adi kA anukaraNa kiyA, hemacandra sUri ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa kA gaMbhIra adhyayana kiyA aura jainadharma ke pAribhASika zabdoM kA ucita upayoga kiyaa| isake atirikta ye lekhaka saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASAoM ke paMDita the tathA dezI

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374 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhASAoM kI kahAvatoM aura zabdoM kA ve yatheccha prayoga kara sakate the| ina vidvAnoM ne prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra, chaMda aura jyotiSazAstra Adi kI bhI racanA kara sAhitya ke bhaMDAra ko saMpanna bnaayaa| pahale caubIsa tIrthakaroM, cakravartI, rAma, kRSNa, aura nala Adi ke hI caritra mukhyatayA likhe jAte the, lekina aba sAdhu-sAdhvI, rAjA-rAnI, zramaNa, brAhmaNa, zrAvaka-zrAvikA, nirdhana, cora, juArI, dhUrta, Thaga aparAdhI, daNDita, cAMDAla, vezyA, dUtI, ceTI Adi sAdhAraNajanoM kA jIvana bhI citrita kiyA jAne lgaa| jaina AcArya jahA~ bhI jAte vahA~ ke lokajIvana, lokabhASA, aura rIti-rivAjoM kA sUkSma adhyayana kara ise apane kathA-graMthoM meM guMphita karate / isa prakAra pratyeka gaccha ke vidvAn sAdhuoM ne apane-apane kathA-anthoM kI racanA AraMbha kii| phala yaha huA ki candragaccha, nAgendragaccha, caitragaccha, vRddhagaccha, dharmaghoSagaccha, harSapurIyagaccha Adi aneka gacchoM ke vidvAnoM ne saikar3oM-hajAroM kathA-graMthoM kI racanA kara ddaalii| kathAkoSaprakaraNa, AkhyAnamaNikoSa, kahArayaNakosa Adi kathAoM ke aneka saMkSipta saMgraha-graMtha isa samaya likhe gaye | uttara ke vidvAnoM kI bhA~ti dakSiNa ke vidvAna bhI apane pIche na rhe| isa samaya prAkRta bhASAyeM na to bolacAla kI bhASAyeM raha gaI thI aura na aba ina bhASAoM meM dhArmika graMtha hI likhe jAte the| aisI hAlata meM saMskRta ke bala para vararuci Adi ke prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kA adhyayana kara, lIlAzuka, zrIkaNTha, rudradAsa, aura rAmapANivAda Adi vidvAnoM ne prAkRta bhASA meM apanI racanAe~ prastuta kii| saMskRta meM kathA sAhitya gupta sAmrAjya kAla meM jaba saMskRta kA prabhAva bar3hA to prAkRta kA adhyayana-adhyApana kama hone lgaa| isa kAla meM dharmazAkha, purANa, darzana, vyAkaraNa kAvya, nATaka, jyotiSa, vaidyaka, Adi

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saMskRta meM kathA-sAhitya viSayoM para eka-se-eka bar3hakara saMskRta graMthoM kA nirmANa huA / jaina AcAryoM ne saMskRta meM bhI apanI lekhanI calAnI zurU kii| prAkRta kA sthAna aba saMskRta ko milA | siddharSi ( IsavI san 605) ne upamitibhavaprapaMcA kathA, dhanapAla ne tilakamaMjarI, hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, aura hariSeNa ne bRhatkathAkoSa jaise maulika graMthoM kI saMskRta meM racanA kI, lakSmIvallabha ne uttarAdhyayana kI TIkAoM meM ullikhita prAkRta kathAoM kA saMskRta rUpAntara prastuta kiyA / prAkRta kI apekSA saMskRta racanAoM ko mukhya batAte hue siddhaSi ne likhA hai saMskRtA prAkRtA ceti bhASe prAdhAnyamahataH tatrApi saMskRtA tAvad durvidagdhahRdi sthitA / bAlAnamapi sadbodhakAriNI karNapezalA | tathApi prAkRtA bhASA na teSAmabhibhASate // upAye sati kartavyaM sarveSAM cittaraMjanam / atastadanurodhena saMskRteyaM kariSyate // 1.51-52 -saMskRta aura prAkRta ye do hI bhASAyeM mukhya haiN| inameM saMskRta durvidagdhoM ke mana meM basI huI hai| unheM ajJajanoM ko sadbodha pradAna karanevAlI aura karNamadhura prAkRta bhASA acchI nahIM lgtii| tathA upAyAntara rahane para sabake mana kA raMjana karanA cAhiye, ataeva aise logoM ke anurodha se yaha racanA saMskRta meM likhI jAtI hai| apabhraMzakAla zvetAmbaroM kI bhA~ti digambara vidvAnoM ne prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ke sarjana meM yogadAna nahIM diyaa| isakA eka yaha bhI kAraNa thA ki zvetAMbaroM kI bhA~ti Agama aura una para likhI huI vyAkhyAoM kA vipula sAhitya unake samakSa nahIM thaa| kintu IsavI sana kI lagabhaga dasavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa se apabhraMzasAhitya meM apanI racanAyeM prastuta kara ina vidvAnoM ne apanI

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376 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa lokAnuraMjaka udAra vRtti kA paricaya diyaa| Age calakara hindI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI Adi lokabhASAoM meM jaina AcAryoM ne apanI racanAyeM prastuta kii| ina racanAoM meM vibhinna deza aura kAla meM pracalita dezI bhASA ke zabdoM kA anupama saMgraha hotA rhaa| matalaba yaha ki apane janakalyANakArI upadezoM ko janatA taka pahu~cAne meM unhoMne muMha nahIM modd'aa| 'kUpajala' ko chor3akara ve 'bahate hue nIra' ko grahaNa karate rhe| jaina kathAsAhitya ke adhyetA DAkTara jaoNna harTala ke zabdoM meM 'jaina kathA-sAhitya kevala saMskRta aura anya bhAratIya bhASAoM ke adhyayana ke liye hI upayogI nahIM, balki bhAratIya sabhyatA ke itihAsa para isase mahattvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai| isameM sanheha nahIM ki prAkRta saMskRta, apabhraMza tathA dezI bhASAoM meM likhe gaye kathA-sAhitya ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA adhika spaSTarUpa hamAre sAmane AyegA tathA bhASAvijJAnasaMbaMdhI aneka gutthiyA~ sulajha skeNgii| 0 taraMgavaikahA ( taraMgavatIkathA ) Agama aura unakI TIkAoM meM AI huI prAkRta kathAoM kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| suprasiddha pAdaliptasUri saba se pahale jaina vidvAn haiM jinhoMne taraMgavatI nAmakA svataMtra kathA-graMtha likhakara prAkRta kathA-sAhitya meM eka naI paraMparA ko janma diyaa| yaha kathA prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kI saba se prAcIna kathA hai jo kaI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| taraMgavaikAra ke rUpa meM isake kartA kA ullekha anuyogadvArasUtra ( 130) meM milatA hai| nizIthavizeSacUrNI meM lokottara dharmakathAoM meM taraMgavatI ke sAtha malayavaMtI aura magadhasenA ke nAma ullikhita haiN| daza* .. dekhiye mAna va liTarecara * bhAva da zvetAmbara jainsa, lIpaliMga, 1922 . .

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taraMgavaikahA 377 vaikAlika cUrNI (3, pRSTha 106) aura jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya (gAthA 1508) meM bhI taraMgavatI kA ullekha milatA hai| pAdalipta sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjA hAla kI vidvatsamA ke eka supratiSThita kavi mAne jAte the| svayaM hAla eka prasiddha kavi the, unhoMne gAthAsaptazatI meM guNADhya aura pAdalipta Adi prAkRta ke aneka kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai / suprasiddha guNADhya bhI hAla kI sabhA meM maujUda the| jaise guNADhya ne paizAcI meM bRhatkathA kI racanA kI, vaise hI pAdalipta ne prAkRta meM taraMgavatIkathA likhii| udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA meM sAtavAhana ke sAtha pAdalipta kA ullekha hai; pAdalipta kI taraMgavatIkathA kA bhI yahA~ nAma milatA hai| prabhAvakacarita meM pAdaliptasUri ke Upara eka prabaMdha hai jisake anusAra ye kavi kozala ke nivAsI the, inake pitA kA nAma phulla aura mAtA kA pratimA thaa| bAlya avasthA meM jaina dIkSA grahaNa kara inhoMne mathurA, pATaliputra, lATa, saurASTra, zatrujaya Adi sthAnoM meM bhramaNa kiyA thaa| kavi dhanapAla ne apanI tilakamaMjarI meM taraMgavatI kI upamA prasanna aura gaMbhIra pathavAlI punIta gaMgA se dI hai / lakSmaNagaNi (IsavI san 1145) ne apane supAsanAhacariya meM bhI isa kathA kI prazaMsA kI hai| durbhAgya se bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI yaha adbhuta aura suMdara kRti naSTa ho gaI hai| prophesara laoNyamana ne isa kA samaya IsavI san kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI svIkAra kiyA hai| taraMgalolA . taravatI kA saMkSiptarUpa taraMgalolA ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai jo taraMgavatIkathA ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa pazcAt taiyAra kiyA gayA / isake kartA vIrabhadra AcArya ke ziSya nemicandragaNi haiM jinhoMne yaza nAmaka apane ziSya ke liye 1642 gAthAoM meM isa graMtha

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378 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kI racanA kii| granthakAra ke anusAra pAdaliptasUri ne taraMgavaikahA kI racanA dezI vacanoM meM kI thii| yaha kathA vicitra aura vistRta thI, kahIM para isameM sundara kulaka the, kahIM gahana yugala aura kahIM durgama SaTkala | isa kathA ko na koI kahatA thA, na sunatA thA aura na pUchatA hI thaa| yaha vidvAnoM ke hI yogya thI, sAdhAraNa jana isase lAbha nahIM uThA sakate the| pAdalipta ne dezIpadoM meM jo gAthAyeM likhIM unheM yahA~ saMkSipta karake likhA gayA jisase ki isa kRti kA sarvathA uccheda na ho jaaye| dhanapAla nAmaka seTha apanI seThAnI somA ke sAtha rAjagRha nagara meM rahatA thaa| usake ghara ke pAsa kI eka vasati meM kumArabrahmacAriNI suvratA nAma kI gaNinI apane ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha ThaharI huI thii| eka bAra suvratA kI ziSyA taraMgavatI eka anya sAdhvI ko sAtha lekara mikSA ke liye seThAnI ke ghara aaii| seThAnI taraMgavatI ke saundarya ko dekhakara bar3I mugdha huii| usane taraMgavatI se dharmakathA sunAne kA anurodha kiyaa| dharmakathA zravaNa karane ke pazcAt usakA jIvana-vRttAMta sunane kI icchA prakaTa kI| taraMgavatI ne kahanA AraMbha kiyA "vatsa deza meM kauzAMbI nAma kA nagara hai| yaha madhyadeza kI zobhA mAnA jAtA hai aura jamunA ke kinAre basA huA hai| vahA~ udayana nAma kA rAjA apanI rAnI vAsavadattA ke sAtha 1. nemivijJAnagraMthamAlA meM vikrama saMvat 2000 meM prakAzita / prophesara laoNyamana ne isakA jarmana anuvAda prakAzita kiyA hai jisakA gujarAtI bhASAMtara narasiMha bhAI paTela ne kiyA hai, jo jainasAhityasaMzodhaka meM chapA hai| pRthak pustaka ke rUpa meM yaha anuvAda babalacaMda kezavalAla modI kI ora se / san 1924 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita dunA hai|

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379 taraMgalolA rAjya karatA thA / isa nagara meM RSabhasena nAma kA eka nagaraseTha rahatA thaa| usake ghara ATha putroM ke pazcAt maiMne janma liyA, taraMgavatI merA nAma rakkhA gyaa| ATha varSa kI avasthA meM maiMne lekha, gaNita, rUpa, Alekhya, gIta, vAditra, nATya Adi kalAoM kI zikSA prApta kI / yuvAvasthA prApta karane para eka bAra vasaMta Rtu meM apane parivAra sahita maiM upavana meM krIr3A karane gii| vahA~ eka cakravAka pakSI ko dekhakara mujhe jAtismaraNa ho AyA, aura apanI sakhI sArasikA ko maiMne apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunAyA____ 'caMpA nagarI meM cakavI bana kara gaMgA ke kinAre maiM apane cakave ke sAtha krIr3A kiyA karatI thii| eka dina vahA~ eka hAthI jala pIne ke liye aayaa| kisI vyAdha ne hAthI kA zikAra karane ke liye usa para bANa chodd'aa| isa samaya merA cakavA bIca meM A gayA aura bANa se Ahata hokara vahIM gira pdd'aa| vyAdha ko bahuta pazcAttApa huA, usane cakave kA agnisaMskAra kiyaa| priyatama ke viyoga-dukha se pIr3ita ho, maiMne bhI agni meM jalakara prANoM ko tyAga diyaa| aba maiMne taraMgavatI kA janma dhAraNa kiyA hai|' "upavana se lauTakara apane pUrvajanma ke svAmI ko prApta karane ke liye maiMne AyaMbila kiyA, tathA kAzI ke eka sundara vastra para pUrvajanma kI ghaTanA kA citra Alikhita kara kaumudI mahotsava ke avasara para use rAjamArga para rakhavA diyaa| ise dekhakara nagara ke dhanadeva seTha ke putra padmadeva ko apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho AyA / apanI sakhI se apane pUrvajanma ke svAmI ke saMbaMdha meM samAcAra jJAta kara mujhe atyaMta AnaMda huaa| tatpazcAt dhanadeva ke pitA ne apane putra ke liye merI maMganI kI, lekina mere pitA ne yaha saMbaMdha svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki kisI dhanika ke ghara hI. maiM apanI kanyA duuNgaa| yaha sunakara maiM bar3I nirAza huii| maiMne bhojapatra para eka patra likhakara

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380 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa apanI sakhI ke hAtha padmadeva ke pAsa bhijavAyA | phira apanI sakhI ko sAtha lekara maiM apane priya ke ghara phuNcii| vahA~ se hama donoM nAva meM baiThakara jamunA nadI ke usa pAra cale gaye aura gAMdharva vivAha ke anusAra hamane vivAha kara liyaa| kucha samaya bAda vahA~ coroM kA AkramaNa huA, unhoMne hama donoM ko pakar3a liyaa| vahA~ aneka dhvajAoM se cihnita kAtyAyanI kA eka maMdira thaa| ve loga kAtyAyanI ko prasanna karane ke liye use hamArI bali denA cAhate the| maiMne bahuta vilApa kiyA, jisase coroM ke subhaTa ne dayA karake hameM baMdhana se mukta kara diyaa| vahA~ se chUTakara hamaloga khayaga (?) Adi nagaroM meM hote hue kauzAMbI Akara apane mAtA, pitA se mile / hamArI kahAnI sunakara unheM bar3A dukha huaa| unhoMne bahuta dhUmadhAma se hama donoM kA vivAha kara diyA / kucha samaya pazcAt maiMne dIkSA grahaNa kI aura caMdanavAlA kI ziSyA banakara maiM tapa aura vrata-upavAsa karane lgii| aba maiM unhIM ke sAtha vihAra karatI huI isa nagara meM AI huuN|" taraMgavatI kA jIvanacarita sunakara seThAnI ne zrAvikA ke bAraha vrata svIkAra kiye| taraMgavatI bhikSA grahaNa kara apane upAzraya meM lauTa gii| taraMgavatI ne kevalajJAna prApta kara siddhi pAI, padmadeva bhI siddha ho gye| yahA~ atthasattha ( arthazAstra) kI prAkRta gAthAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai jinameM batAyA hai ki dUtI se saba bheda khula jAtA hai, aura usase kArya kI siddhi nahIM hotI to bhaNai atthasatyaMmi vaNiyaM suyaNu ! satthayArehiM / dUtI paribhavadUtI na hoi kajassa siddhikarI // eto hu maMtabheo dUtIo hoja kAmanemukkA / mahilA muMcarahassA rahassakAle na sNtthaai|| * AmaraNamavelAyAM nINati avi ya gheghati ciNtaa| - hoja maMtabheo gamaNavighAo anivvANI /

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vasudevahiNDI 381 puSpayonizAstra (pupphajoNisattha) kA bhI yahA~ ullekha hai / vasudevahiNDI vasudevahiNDI meM kRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ke bhramaNa (hiMDI) kA vRttAnta hai isaliye ise vasudevacarita nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai / AgamabAhya granthoM meM yaha kRti kathA-sAhitya meM prAcInatama ginI jAtI hai| AvazyakacUrNI ke ko jinadAsagaNi ne isakA upayoga kiyA hai| isameM harivaMza kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai aura kaurava-pAMDavoM ko gauNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| nizIthavizeSacUrNI meM setu aura ceTakakathA ke sAtha vasudevacarita kA ullekha hai| isa graMtha ke do khaMDa haiN| pahale khaMDa meM 26 labhaka 11,000 zlokapramANa haiM aura dUsare khaMDa meM 71 laMbhaka 17,000 zlokapramANa haiN| prathama khaMDa ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka, aura dUsare ke dharmasenagaNi haiN| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSaNavatI meM isa graMtha kA ullekha kiyA hai, isase saMghadAsaNi kA samaya IsavI san kI lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| prathama khaMDa' ke bIca kA aura anta kA bhAga khaMDita hai, dUsarA khaMDa aprakAzita hai| kathA kA vibhAjana chaha adhikAroM meM kiyA * gayA hai-kahuppatti ( kathA kI utpatti ), pIDhiyA ( pIThikA) muha (mukha), paDimuha (pratimukha), sarIra (zarIra), aura uvasaMhAra (upsNhaar)| kathotpatti samApta hone para dhammillahiNDI (dhammillacarita) prAraMbha hotA hai aura isake samApta hone para kramazaH pIThikA, mukha aura pratimukha AraMbha hote haiN| tatpazcAt prathama khaMDa ke prathama aMza meM sAta laMbhaka haiM / yahA~ se 1. muni puNyavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita AtmAnanda jaina graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara kI ora se san 1930 aura san 1931 meM prakAzita / isakA gujarAtI bhASAMtara prophesara sAMDesarA ne kiyA hai jo ukta graMthamAlA kI ora se vi0 saM0 2003 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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382 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zarIravibhAga AraMbha hotA hai, aura dUsare aMza ke 26 ve laMbhaka taka calatA hai| vasudeva-bhramaNa ke vRttAnta kI AtmakathA kA vistAra isI vibhAga se zurU hotA hai| ukta laMbhakoM meM 16 aura 20veM laMbhaka upalabdha nahIM, tathA 28vAM laMbhaka apUrNa hai| vasudevahiNDI ke dUsare khaMDa ke kartA dharmasenagaNi haiM / isa khaMDa meM naravAhanadatta kI kathA kA ullekha hai| guNAvya kI bRhatkathA kI bhAMti isameM zRMgArakathA kI mukhyatA hone para bhI bIca-bIca meM dharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / kula milAkara donoM khaMDoM meM 100 laMbhaka haiN| dUsare khaMDa ke anusAra vasudeva sau varSa taka paribhramaNa karate rahe aura sau kanyAoM ke sAtha unhoMne vivAha kiyaa| ___ vasudevahiNDI mukhyatayA gadyAtmaka samAsAMta padAvali meM likhI gaI eka viziSTa racanA hai; bIca meM padya bhI A jAte haiN| bhASA sarala, svAbhAvika aura prasAdaguNayukta hai, saMvAda custa haiM / bhASA prAcIna mahArASTrI prAkRta hai jisakI tulanA cUrNI-manthoM se kI jA sakatI hai, dissahe, gacchIya, vahAe, piva, geNheppi Adi rUpa yahA~ milate haiM, dezI zabdoM ke prayoga bhI hue haiN| vasudeva ke bhramaNa kI kathA ke sAtha isameM aneka aMtarkathAyeM haiM jinameM tIrthakaroM tathA anya zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvanacarita haiN| bIca / 1. somadeva ke kathAsaritsAgara meM bhI lAvANaka laMbaka, sUryaprabhalaMbaka, mahAbhiSeka laMbaka ityAdi nAma diye gaye haiN| vasudeva ke paribhramaNa kI bhA~ti naravAhanadatta ke paribhramaNa, parAkrama Adi kI kathA yahA~ varNita hai| naravAhanadatta kA vivAha jisa kanyA se hotA hai usI ke nAma se laMbaka kahA jAtA hai, jaise ratnaprabhA laMbaka, alaMkAravatI laMbaka aadi| 2. vasudevahiNDI kI bhASA ke saMbaMdha meM dekhiye DaoNkTara AlsaDorpha kA 'buleTina oNva da skUla oNva oriNTiela sTaDIz2a' jilda 8 meM prakAzita lekha, tathA vasudevahiNDI ke gujarAtI anuvAda kA upoddhAta /

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vasudevahiNDI 383 bIca meM aNuvrata ke guNa-doSa, paraloka kI siddhi, mahAvratoM kA svarUpa, mAMsabhakSaNa meM doSa, vanaspati meM jIva kI siddhi Adi jainadharmasaMbaMdhI tattvoM kA vivecana hai| jarmana vidvAn AlsaDorpha ne vasudevahiNDI kI guNADhya kI bRhatkathA se tulanA kI hai, saMghadAsagaNi kI isa kRti ko ve bRhatkathA kA rUpAMtara svIkAra karate haiN| __ kahuppatti meM jaMbUsvAmicarita, jaMbU aura prabhava kA saMvAda, kuberadattacarita, mahezvaradatta kA AkhyAna, valkalacIri prasannacaMdra kA AkhyAna, brAhmaNa dAraka kI kathA, aNADhiyadeva kI utpatti Adi kA varNana hai| anta meM vasudevacarita kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| tatpazcAt dhammilla ke carita kA varNana hai| vivAha hone ke bAda bhI dhammilla rAtri ke samaya par3hane-likhane meM bahuta vyasta rahatA thaa| usakI mAM ko jaba isa bAta kA patA lagA to usane par3hanA-likhanA baMda kara apane putra kA dhyAna apanI navavivAhitA vadhU kI ora AkarSita karanA cAhA / pariNAma yaha huA ki vaha vezyAgAmI ho gayA__'tato annayA kayAi sassU se dhUyadaMsatthaM suyAgharamAgayA / sammANiyA ya gharasAmiNA vihavANurUveNaM saMbaMdhasariseNaM uvayAreNa | aigayA ya dhUyaM daLUNa, pucchiyA ya NAe sarIrAdikusalaM / tIe vi pagataviNIyalajjoNayamuhIe logadhammauvabhogavajja savvaM jahAbhUyaM kahiyaM / taM jahA pAsi kapi cauraMsiya revApayapuNNiyaM, seDiyaM ca geNheppi sasippabhavaNiyaM / maI suyaM Ni ekalliyaM sayaNi nivaNiyaM, savvarattiM ghosei samANasavaNNiyaM // to sA evaM soUNa AsuruttA ruTThA kuviyA caMDikiyA misimisemANI itthIsahAvacchallayAe puttisiNeheNa ya mAUe

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284 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa se sagAsaM gaMtUNa savvaM sAhiu~ payattA / jahAbhUyatthaM taM soUNa se mAyA AkaMpiyasarIsahiyayA bAhaMsupappuyacchI NiruttarA tuhikkA tthiyaa| pacchA ya NAe sasavahaM pttiyaaviyaa| tato sA taM ghUyaM AsAsiUNa appaNA NiyagharaM gyaa| mAyA ya se paiNo mUlaM gaMtUNa savvaM jahAbhUyaM parikahei / teNa ya bhaNiyA ajANAe ! jAva bAlo vijjAsu ya aNurattabuddhI NaNu tAva te harisAiyavvaM, kiM visAyaM vaJcasi ? ahiNavasikkhiyA vijA aguNijjatI Neharahio viva paIvo viNAsaM vaJcai, taM mA ayANugA hohii| jAva bAlo tAva vijjAu guNeu / tIe puttavacchalAe bhaNiyaM-kiM vA aibahueNaM paDhieNaM ? mANussayavasuhaM aNubhavau | 'uvabhogaraiviyakkhaNo hou' ti ciMteUNa paiNA vArijaMtIe vi laliyagoTThIe pvesio| so ya ammApiusalAyo dhAIte se sambo khio| tao so goTThiyajaNasahio ujjANakANaNasabhAvaNaMtaresu vinANanANAisaesu aNNoNNamatisayaMto bahukAlaM gmei| -eka bAra kI bAta hai, dhammilla kI sAsa apanI lar3akI se milane usake ghara aaii| gRhasvAmI ne apane vaibhava ke anusAra aura riztedArI ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue usakA Adara-satkAra kiyaa| vaha apanI lar3akI se milane andara gaI, kuzala-samAcAra puuche| lar3akI ne lajjA se nIce mu~ha karake apane patidvArA laukika dharma-upabhoga kA parityAga karane kI bAta apanI mA~ ko sunA dI___ "vaha pAsa meM caukoNa paTTI rakhakara, revA nadI ke jala se pavitra sapheda raMga kI khar3iyA miTTI se, mujhe akelI ko sotI chor3a, udAsIna bhAva se, sArI rAta 'samAna savarNa' 'samAna savarNa' ghokhatA rahatA hai|" ___ yaha sunakara lar3akI kI mA~ bahuta kruddha huI, aura strI-svabhAva ke kAraNa apanI putrI ke snehavaza usane apanI samadhina se saba bAta khii| yaha sunakara usakI samadhina kA~pane

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385 vasudevahiNDI lagI, usakI A~kheM DabaDabA AI, aura niruttara hokara vaha cupacApa baiTha gii| usane saugandha khAkara vizvAsa dilAyA ki vaha isa saMbaMdha meM jarUra kucha kregii| isake bAda mA~ apanI lar3akI ko AzvAsana dekara ghara lauTa gii| dhammila kI mA~ ne apane pati se pUchatAcha kii| pati ne uttara diyA-"tuma anajAna ho, jabataka bAlaka kA par3hane meM mana lage tabataka prasanna hI honA cAhiye, phira tuma kyoM viSAda karatI ho ? naI naI vidyA ko yadi yAda na kiyA jAye to tela ke binA dIpaka kI bhA~ti vaha naSTa ho jAtI hai| ataeva tuma anajAna mata bno| jabataka bAlyAvasthA hai tabataka vidyA kA abhyAsa karate rahanA cAhiye / " putrasneha ke kAraNa mA~ ne kahA-"adhika par3hane se kyA lAbha ? manuSyajIvana ke sukha kA Ananda bhI to uThAnA cAhiye / " pati ke manA karane para bhI pahale upabhoga-krIDA meM kuzalatA prApta karane ke liye usakI mA~ ne apane beTe ko lalita-goSThI meM zAmila karA diyaa| apane mAtApitA ke sAtha usakI jo bAtacIta huI thI, usane saba dhAya ko sunA dii| aura vaha goSTI ke sadasyoM ke sAtha udyAna, kAnana, sabhA aura vanoM meM AnandapUrvaka samaya bitAne lgaa| dhammilla apanI strI ko chor3akara vasantatilakA nAmaka gaNikA ke ghara meM rahane lagA jisase usakI mA~ aura strI ko bahuta duHkha huaa| eka dina dhammilla jaba zarAba ke naze meM dhutta par3A huA thA, vasantatilakA kI mA~ ne use ghara se nikAla bAhara kiyA / dhammilla ko agaDadatta muni ke darzana hue aura isa avasara para agaDadatta ne apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunaayaa| dhammilla ne aneka kulakanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA / vasantasenA ko jaba isakA patA lagA to usane saba AbharaNoM kA tyAga kara diyA, malina jIrNa vastra dhAraNa kiye, tAMbUla kA bhakSaNa karanA chor3a diyA aura kevala eka veNI bAMdhakara bhujaMga ke samAna dikhAI 25prA0 sAtha

Page #399
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa par3anevAle apane kezoM ko apane hAtha meM dhAraNa kiyaa| apane priya ke viraha se vaha durbala hone lagI, usake kaMpola kSINa ho gaye aura mukha pIlA par3a gyaa| isa prasaGga para paJcatantra kI bhA~ti yahA~ bhI kRtaghna vAyasa, zAkaTika Adi ke laukika AkhyAna kahe gaye haiM | yavanadeza ke rAjA kA bhejA huA koI dUta kauzAMbI nagarI meM AyA / rAjA ke putra ko kuSTharoga se pIr3ita dekhakara vaha kahane lagA ki kyA Apa logoM ke deza meM koI auSadhi nahIM, athavA vaidyoM kA abhAva hai jo yaha rAjakumAra svastha nahIM ho sakatA | arthazAstra kA eka zloka yahA~ uddhRta hai "viseseNa mAyAe satyeNa ya haMtavvo apaNo vivaDDhamANo sattu tti" -bar3hate hue apane zatru ko khAsa taura se mAyA athavA zakti dvArA mAra denA caahiye| bhagavadgItA kA yahA~ ullekha hai| AkhyAyikA-pustaka, kathAvijJAna aura vyAkhyAna kI jAnakAra striyoM ke nAmollekha haiN| zaukarika aura kevaToM ke mohalle (vADaya) alaga the, aura vahA~ se matsya-mAMsa kharIdA jA sakatA thaa| dUsare ko dukha dene ko adharma aura sukha dene ko dharma kahA hai (ahammo paradukkhassa karaNeNa, dhammo ya parassa suhappayANeNaM); yahI jainadharma kI vizeSatA batAI hai| jisane saba prakAra ke AraMbha kA tyAga kara diyA hai aura jo dharma meM sthita hai vaha zramaNa hai| - pIThikA meM pradyumna aura zaMbakumAra kI kathA kA sambandha, rAma-kRSNa kI apramahiSiyoM kA paricaya, pradyumnakumAra kA janma aura usakA apaharaNa, pradyumna ke pUrvabhava, pradyumna kA apane mAtA-pitA se samAgama, aura pANigrahaNa Adi kA varNana hai / hariNagameSI se striyA~ putra kI yAcanA kiyA karatI thiiN| battIsa nATyabhedoM kA ullekha hai| gaNikAoM kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| eka bAra rAjA bharata ke sAmaMta rAjAoM ne apanI svAmI

Page #400
vasudevahiNDI 387 ke liye bahuta sI kanyAyeM bhejiiN| rAnI ko yaha dekhakara bahuta burA lgaa| usane mahala se gira kara mara jAne kI dhamakI dii| yaha dekhakara bharata ne unheM gaNoM ko pradAna kara dI, tabhI se ve gaNikA kahI jAne lgiiN| mukha nAmaka adhikAra meM zaMba aura bhAnu kI krIr3AoM kA varNana hai / bhAnu ke pAsa zuka thA aura zaMba ke pAsa sArikA / donoM subhASita kahate haiM / eka subhASita suniye ukkAmiva joimAliNiM, subhuyaMgAmiva puphiyaM lataM / vibudho jo kAmavattiNiM, mubaI so suhio bhavissai / -agni se prajvalita ulkA kI bhA~ti aura bhujaMgI se yukta puSpita latA kI bhA~ti jo paNDita kAmavartinI ( kAmamArga) kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha sukhI hotA hai| donoM meM dyUtakrIr3AyeM hotI haiN| pratimukha meM andhakavRSNi kA paricaya dete hue usake pUrvabhava kA sambandha batAyA gayA hai| __ zarIraadhyayana prathama laMbhaka se Arambha hokara 26 veM laMbhaka meM samApta hotA hai / sAmA-vijayA nAmake prathama laMbhaka meM samudravijaya Adi nau vasudevoM ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai| yahA~ paraloka aura dharma ke phala meM vizvAsa paidA karane ke liye sumitrA kI kathA dI huI hai | vasudeva ghara kA tyAga karake cala dete haiM / sAmalIlaMbhaka meM sAmalI kA paricaya hai| gandharvadattAlaMbhaka meM viSNukumAra kA carita, viSNugItikA kI utpatti, cArudatta kI AtmakathA aura gandharvadattA se paricaya, amitagati vidyAdhara kA paricaya tathA atharvaveda kI utpatti dI huI hai / eka gIta suniye aTTha NiyaMThA suraDaM paviThThA, kaviTThassa heTThA aha snnivitttthaa| paDiyaM kaviDhaM bhiNNaM ca sIsaM, avyo avvo ti bAharaMti hasaMti sIsA //

Page #401
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -ATha nirgranthoM ne saurASTra meM praveza kiyA, ve kaitha ke nIce baiThe, Upara se kaitha TUTa kara girA jisase unakA sira phaTa gyaa| ( yaha dekha kara) ziSya AhA! AhA ! karate hue ha~sane lge| eka viSNugItikA dekhieuvasama sAhuvariTThayA ! na hu kovo vaNNio jiNiMdehiM / hu~ti hu kovaNasIlayA, pAvaMti bahUNi jaaiyvvaaiN|| -he sAdhuzreSTha ! upazAnta ho, jinendra bhagavAna ne kopa karanA nahIM batAyA hai| jo krodhI svabhAva ke hote haiM unheM aneka gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai| deva, rAkSasa Adi ke sambandha meM kahA hai-deva cAra aMgula bhUmi ko sparza nahIM karate, rAkSasa mahAn zarIravAle hote haiM, unake paira bahuta bar3e-bar3e hote haiM, pizAca bahuta jalavAle pradeza meM nahIM vicaraNa karate, RSiyoM kA zarIra tapa se zoSita rahatA hai aura cAraNa jala ke kinAre jalacara jIvoM ke kaSTa ko dUra karate hue nahIM saMcaraNa karate / banija-vyApAra ke lie vyApArI cInasthAna, suvarNabhUmi, kamalapura, yavanadvIpa, siMhala, barbara, saurASTra aura uMbarAvatI ke taTa para jAyA karate the| cINabhUmi ke sAtha hUNa aura khasabhUmi kA bhI ullekha hai| TaMkaNa deza meM pahu~cakara vyApArI loga nadI ke kinAre apane mAla ke alagaalaga Dhera lagA, lakar3I kI Aga jalA eka ora baiTha jaate| TaMkaNa (mleccha) isa dhuMe ko dekhakara vahA~ A jAte, aura phira ( izAroM Adi se) lena-dena zurU ho jAtA / ratnadvIpa aura suvarNabhUmi kA yahA~ ullekha hai| ___ pippalAda ko atharvaveda kA praNetA kahA gayA hai| vArANasI meM sulasA nAma kI eka paribrAjikA rahatI thii| tridaMDI yAjJavalkya se vAda meM hAra jAne ke kAraNa vaha usakI sevA-suzrUSA karane lgii| ina donoM se pippalAda' kA janma huA | pippalAda brAhmaNa dharma meM pippalAda atharvaveda ke praNetA mAne jAte haiM / atharva .

Page #402
vasudevahiNDI 389 ko usake mAtA-pitA ne, paidA hote hI chor3a diyA thA, isalie usane praviSTa hokara atharvaveda kI racanA kI jisameM mAtRmedha aura pitRmedha kA upadeza diyaa| nIlajalasAlaMbhaka meM RSabhasvAmI kA carita hai| isa prasaMga para RSabha kA janmamahotsava, rAjyAbhiSeka aura unakI pravrajyA Adi kA varNana hai| ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, aura nAga ye cAra gaNa batAye haiM jo kozala janapada meM rAjya karate the| vRkSoM ke saMgharSaNa se utpanna agni ko dekhakara RSabha ne apanI prajA ko batAyA ki use bhojana pakAne, prakAza karane aura jalAne ke kAma meM le sakate haiN| unhoMne pA~ca zilpoM Adi kA upadeza diyA / gaMdhArA, mAyaMgA, rukkhamUliyA aura kAlakesA Adi vidyAoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai| viSayabhogoM ko dukhadAyI pratipAdana karate hue kauve, gIdar3a Adi kI laukika kathAyeM dI haiN| yadi koI sAdhu apane zarIra se mamatva chor3a dene ke kAraNa auSadha nahIM grahaNa karanA cAhe to abhyaMgana Adi se usakI paricaryA karane kA vidhAna hai| somasirilaMbhana meM Arya-anArya vedoM kI utpatti, RSabha kA nirvANa, bAhubali aura bharata kA yuddha, nArada, parvata, aura vasu kA saMbaMdha tathA vasudeva ke vedAdhyayana kA prarUpaNa hai| bharata ke samaya se brAhmaNa (mAhaNa) aura Arya vedoM kI utpatti huI / brAhmaNoM ne agnikuMDa banAye, bharata ne stUpa sthApita kiye aura Adityayaza Adi ne brAhmaNoM ko sUtra ( yajJopavIta) diyA / veda 'sAvayapaNNatti veda' (zrAvakaprajJapti veda ) nAma se kahe jAte the, Age cala kara ye saMkSipta ho gye| pUrva meM magadha, dakSiNa meM varadAma aura pazcima meM prabhAsa nAmaka tIrthoM kA ullekha hai| vedIya praznaupaniSad (1-1) meM bhAradvAja, satyakAma, gArgya, AzvalAyana, bhArgava Adi brahmaparAyaNa RSi pippalAda ke samIpa upasthita hokara prazna karate haiM, pippalAda unheM upadeza dete haiN|

Page #403
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ditiprayAga tIrtha kI utpatti batAI hai, yahI prayAga nAma se kahA jAne lgaa|' yahA~ paraMparA se Agata mahAkAla deva kA * carita varNita hai| sagara se praviSTa hokara usane pazuvadha kA upadeza diyA, isa upadeza ke AdhAra para pippalAda ne athaveveda kI racanA kii| anAyaveda kI racanA saMDilla ke matAnusAra kI gaI / yahA~ veda kI parIkSA ke sambandha meM eka saMvAda diyA hai| sAtaveM laMbhana ke pazcAt prathama khaMDa kA dvitIya aMza AraMbha hotA hai| paumAlaMbhana meM dhanurveda kI utpatti batAI hai| puMDAlaMbhana meM porAgama (pAkazAstra ) meM vizArada naMda aura sunaMda kA nAmollekha hai / puMDrA kI utpatti vatAI gaI hai| nami jinendra ne cAturyAma dharma kA upadeza diyaa| somasiralaMbhana meM indramaha kA ullekha hai| mayaNavegAlaMbhana meM sanatkumAra cakravartI kI kathA hai| vaha vyAyAmazAlA meM jAkara tela kA mardana karAtA thaa| jamadagni aura parazurAma kA sambandha batAyA hai| kAnyakubja kI utpatti kA vRttAnta hai| rAmAyaNa kI kathA paumacariya kI rAmakathA se kaI bAtoM meM bhinna hai| dazaratha ke kauzalyA, kekayI aura sumitrA nAma kI tIna striyA~ thiiN| kauzalyA se rAma, sumitrA se lakSmaNa aura kekayI se bharata aura zatrughna kA janma huaa| mandodarI rAvaNa kI. agramahiSI thii| sItA mandodarI kI putrI thii| use eka saMdUka meM rakha kara rAjA janaka kI udyAna-bhUmi ke nIce gAr3a diyA gayA thaa| hala calAte samaya usakI prApti huI / janaka ne sItA kA svayaMvara racA aura rAma ke sAtha usakA .. yahA~ anikAputra jala meM DUba gaye the, unheM yahA~ mokSa kI prApti huI thI, isaliye isa sthAna ko pavitra tIrtha mAnA gayA hai (AvazyakacUrNi, 2, pR0 179) / lekina vizeSanizIthacUrNI (2, pR0 672 sAiklosTAila prati) meM prabhAsa, prayAga, zrImAla aura kedAra ko kutIrtha bAtayA gayA hai|

Page #404
vasudevahiNDI 391 vivAha ho gyaa| kekayI svajanoM kA Adara-satkAra karane meM kuzala thii| isa para prasanna hokara rAjA dazaratha ne kekayI se vara mA~gane ko kahA | pratyaMta rAjAoM ke sAtha yuddha hone ke samaya bhI kekayI ne sahAyatA kI thii| rAma ke pariNatavaya hone para dazaratha ne rAma ke abhiSeka kA Adeza diyaa| isa avasara para kaikayI ne bharata ke rAjyAbhiSeka aura rAmacandra ke nirvANa ke lie vara mA~gA | rAma sItA aura lakSmaNa ke sAtha vana ko cale gye| bharata rAmacandra kI pAdukAyeM rakha kara ayodhyA kA rAja karane lge| vanavAsa ke samaya eka bAra rAvaNa kI bahana sUrpaNakhA rAmacandra ke pAsa upasthita hokara unase viSayabhoga ke lie prArthanA karane lgii| rAmacandra ne usake nAka-kAna kATakara use bhagA diyaa| vaha rotI huI apane putra kharadUSaNa ke pAsa phuNcii| rAma-lakSmaNa aura kharadUSaNa meM yuddha Thana gyaa| usake bAda kharadUSaNa ke kahane para sUrpaNakhA rAvaNa ke pAsa phuNcii| rAvaNa ne sItA ke rUpa kI prazaMsA suna rakkhI thii| usane apane maMtrI mArIca ko mRga kA rUpa dhAraNa kara vana meM bhejA, jahA~ rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA nivAsa karate the| sundara mRga ko dekhakara sItA ne rAma se use lAne ko khaa| rAma dhanuSa-bANa lekara mRga ke pIche bhAgane lage | apanA nAma sunakara sItA ke anurodha para lakSmaNa ne bhI rAma kI rakSArtha prasthAna kiyaa| isa bIca meM rAvaNa tapasvI kA rUpa dhAraNa karake AyA, aura sItA ko uThA le gyaa| rAma ne apanI senA lekara laMkA para car3hAI kara dii| vibhIpaNa ne sItA ko lauTAne ke lie rAvaNa ko bahuta samajhAyA, lekina rAvaNa na maanaa| donoM senAoM meM yuddha hone lgaa| lakSmaNa ne rAvaNa kA vadha kiyA / lakSmaNa AThaveM vAsudeva ke 1. sayaNovayAra viyakkhaNAe / phAdara kAmila bulke isakA artha karate haiM-zayanopacAravicakSaNa, arthAt kAma krIDA meM kuzala / yahI artha ThIka mAlUma hotA hai| kAmazAstra meM zayanopacAra sambandhI 16 kalAoM kA ullekha hai|

Page #405
392 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nAma se prasiddha hue| rAma sItA, vibhISaNa aura sugrIva Adi ke sAtha ayodhyA lauTa aaye| bharata aura zatrughna ne rAma kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| __bAlacaMdAlaMbhana meM mAMsabhakSaNa ke sambandha meM vicAra hai| dUsare ke dvArA kharIda kara lAye hue mAMsa ke bhakSaNa meM, athavA kuzalacitta se madhyasthabhAvapUrvaka mAMsa bhakSaNa karane meM kyA doSa hai ? ina zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| baMdhumatIlaMbhana meM vasudeva ne tApasoM ko upadeza diyaa| isa prasaMga para mahAvratoM kA vyAkhyAna aura vanaspati meM jIvasiddhi kA pratipAdana hai| mRgadhvajakumAra aura bhadrakamahiSa ke carita kA varNana hai| naraka ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana hai| nAstikavAdiyoM ke siddhAMta kA prarUpaNa hai / nAstikavAdI jIva ko deha se bhinna padArtha svIkAra nahIM karate the| __piyaMgusundarIlaMbhana meM vimalAmA aura suprabhA kI AtmakathA hai / yahA~ 'Na dullahaM dullahaM tesiM' kI samasyApUrti dekhievimalAmAmokkhasuhaM ca visAlaM, savvaTThasuhaM aNuttaraM jaM ca / je sucariyasAmaNNA, Na dullahaM dullahaM tesiM / / -vizAla, sarvArthasukharUpa aura anuttara mokSasukha sucarita puruSoM ke lie durlabha nahIM hai, durlabha nahIM hai| suprabhA salle samuddharittA abhayaM dAUNa savvajIvANaM / je suTiyA damapahe, Na dullahaM dullahaM tesiM // 1. rAmAyaNa kI kathA ke liye dekhiye Age haribhadra kA upadezapada aura vimalasUri kA paumacariya / prophesara vI0 ema0 kulakarNI ne vasudevahiNDI kI rAmakathA para jaranala oNva oriMTiela iMsTiTyUTa, bar3audA, jilda 2, bhAga 2, pR0 128 para eka lekha prakAzita kiyA hai| jaina rAmAyaNa para san 1952 meM eka mahAnibaMdha (thIsisa) bhI inhoMne likhA hai|

Page #406
vasudevahiNDI 393 -zalya kA uddhAra karake aura saba jIvoM ko abhayadAna jo dama ke mArga meM susthita haiM, unheM kucha bhI durlabha nahIM labha nahIM hai| kSvAkuvaMza meM kanyAyeM pravrajyA grahaNa karatI thiiN| kukkuTaga yahA~ varNana hai / paradAradoSa meM vAsava kA udAharaNa diyA kAmapatAkA nAmaka vezyA zrAvikA ke vrata grahaNa kara meM kI upAsanA karatI thii| prANAtipAtaviramaNa Adi vratoM ke guNa-doSa ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| gomaMDaloM na hai jahA~ suMdara aura asuMdara gAyoM para cihna banAye jAte sagaraputroM ne aSTApada ke cAroM ora khAI khodanA cAhA / ve bhasma ho gye| aSTApada tIrtha kI utpatti kA nIsa aura bIsavA~ laMbhana naSTa ho gayA hai| keumatIlabhana tijina kA carita, triviSTu aura vAsudeva kA saMbaMdha, teja, sirivijaya, asaNighosa aura satArA ke pUrvabhavoM na hai| megharatha ke AkhyAna meM jIvana kI priyatA ko batAyA haihaMtUNa parappANe appANaM jo karei sappANaM / appANaM divasANaM, karaNa nAsei appANaM / / dukkhassa uvviyaMto, haMtUNa paraM karei pddiyaarN| pAvihiti puNo dukkhaM, bahuyayaraM tannimitteNa / / -jo dUsare ke prANoM kI hatyA karake apane ko saprANa karanA / hai, vaha AtmA kA nAza karatA hai| jo dukha se khinna dUsare kI hatyA karake pratikAra karatA hai, vaha usake ja se aura adhika dukha pAtA hai| thu aura arahanAtha ke carita kA varNana hai / anta meM vasudeva tumatI ke sAtha vivAha ho jAtA hai| paumAvaMtIlaMbhana meM kula kI utpatti kA AkhyAna hai| devakIlaMbhana meM kaMsa bhava kA varNana hai|

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394 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa samarAicakahA samarAiccakahA' athavA samarAdityakathA meM ujjaina ke rAjA samarAditya aura pratinAyaka agnizarmA ke nau bhavoM kA varNana hai | samarAiJcakahA ke kartA yAkinImahattarA ke putra haribhadrasUri haiM jinakA nAma pAdalipta aura bappabhaTTi AcAryoM ke sAtha AdarapUrvaka liyA gayA hai| siddharSi aura udyotanasUri ne haribhadrasUri ke prabhAva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| haribhadrasUri cittaur3a ke rahanevAle the| saMskRta aura prAkRta ke ye bar3e vidvAna the; AgamapranthoM kI TIkAyeM inhoMne likhI hai| inakA samaya IsavI san kI AThavIM zatAbdI hai| samarAiJcakahA ko haribhadrasUri ne dharmakathA nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| apanI isa kRti ke kAraNa unhoMne kavirUpa meM prasiddhi prApta kI thii| isa kathA meM nAyaka-nAyikAoM kI prema-kathAoM aura unake caritroM kA varNana hai jo saMsAra kA tyAga karake jaina dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiN| bIca-bIca meM aneka dhArmika AkhyAna guMphita haiM jisase karma aura punarjanma ke siddhAntoM kA samarthana hotA hai / samarAiccakahA jaina mahArASTI prAkRta meM likhI gaI hai, yadyapi aneka jagaha zaurasenI kA prabhAva bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isakA padyabhAga AryAchanda meM likhA gayA hai, dvipadI, vipulA Adi maMdoM ke bhI prayoga milate haiN| bhASA prAyaH sarala aura pravAhabaddha hai| kahIM para varNana karate samaya laMbe samAsoM aura upamA Adi alaMkAroM kA bhI prayoga huA hai, jisase lekhaka ke kAvya-kauzala kA patA calatA hai| isake varNanoM ko par3hate hue kitanI bAra 1. DA. harmana jaikobI ne bhUmikA ke sAtha ise eziyATika sosAyaTI oNva baMgAla, kalakattA se san 1926 meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| usake bAda paMDita bhagavAnadAsa ne saMskRta chAyA ke sAtha do bhAgoM meM kramazaH san 1938 aura 1942 meM ise ahamadAbAda se prakAzita kiyaa|

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samarAiJcakahA 395 bANabhaTTa kI kAdaMbarI kI yAda A jAtI hai| zrIharSa kI ratnAvali se yaha prabhAvita hai| pUrvajanma meM samarAditya kA nAma rAjakumAra guNasena thA / agnizarmA usake purohita kA putra thaa| vaha atyanta kurUpa thA / rAjakumAra majAka meM use nagara bhara meM nacAtA aura gadhe para car3hAkara saba jagaha ghumAtA thaa| agnizarmA ko yaha bahuta burA lagA aura taMga Akara usane tApasoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| idhara guNasena rAjapada para abhiSikta ho gyaa| usane tapovana meM pahu~cakara agnizarmA ko bhojana ke liye nimaMtrita kiyA / agnizarmA rAjadarabAra meM tIna bAra upasthita huA, lekina tInoM bAra rAjA ko kAmakAja meM vyasta dekha, binA bhojana kiye nirAza hokara vApisa lauTa gyaa| usane socA ki avazya hI rAjA ne baira lene ke liye mujhe itanI bAra nimaMtrita karake bhI bhojana se vaMcita rakkhA hai| yaha socakara vaha bahuta kruddha huA aura usane nidAna bAMdhA ki yadi mere vrata meM koI zakti hai to maiM janma-janmAMtara meM guNasena kA zatru bana kara usakA vadha kruuN| isI nidAna ke pariNAmasvarUpa agnizarmA nau janmoM meM guNasena se apane baira kA badalA letA hai, aura anta meM zubha karmoM kA baMdha karatA hai| dUsare bhava meM agnizarmA rAjA siMhakumAra kA putra bana kara guNasena se badalA letA hai| siMhakumAra kA kusumAvali se vivAha hotA hai / isa prasaMga para vasanta kA varNana, vivAha-maNDapa, kanyA kA prasAdhana aura tatkAlIna vivAha ke rIti-rivAjoM kA lekhaka ne sarasa kA varNana kiyA hai| mUla kathA ke sAtha antarkathAyeM jur3I huI haiM jinake anta meM nirveda, vairAgya, saMsAra kI asAratA, karmoM kI vicitratA aura mana kI vicitra pariNati Adi kA upadeza lakSita hotA hai | ina kathAoM meM dhana ke lobha kA pariNAma, niraparAdhI ko daNDa, bhojana meM viSa kA mizraNa, zabarasenA kA AkramaNa, kArAgRha Adi kA prabhAvotpAdaka zailI

Page #409
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa meM citraNa kiyA gayA hai| nagara ke sArthavAha candana ke ghara corI ho jAne para usane rAjA ko riporTa dI aura phira rAjA ne DiDimanAda se nagara bhara meM ghoSaNA karAI etthaMtarammi ya jANAviyaM candaNasatthavAheNa rAiNo, jahA deva ! gehaM me muhUM ti / 'kimavahariya' ti pucchiyaM rAiNA / niveiyaM candaNeNa, lihAviyaM ca rAiNA, bhaNiyaM ca NeNa'are! Aghoseha DiNDimeNaM, jahA-muTuM caMdaNasatthavAhagehaM, avahariyameyaM ritthajAyaM / tA jassa gehe keNai vavahArajoeNa taM ritthaM ritthadesovAsamAgao, so niveeu rAiNo caNDasAsaNassa | aNiveiovalaMbhe ya rAyA savvadhaNAvahAreNa sarIradaNDeNa ya no khamissai / ' -isa bIca meM candana sArthavAha ne rAjA ko khabara dI"he deva ! mere ghara corI ho gaI hai|" rAjA ne pUchA-"kyA corI gayA hai ?" candana ne batA diyA / rAjA ne use likhavA liyaa| usane ( apane karmacAriyoM se) kahA-"are, DiMDimanAda se ghoSaNA karo-candana sArthavAha ke ghara corI ho gaI hai, usakA dhana corI calA gayA hai| jisa kisI ke ghara vaha dhana athavA usa dhana kA koI aMza kisI prakAra se AyA ho, vaha caNDazAsana rAjA ko khabara kara de / aisA na karane para rAjA usakA saba dhana chIna legA aura use daNDa degaa|" eka dUsarA prasaMga dekhiye jaba koI mitra dhana ke lobha se apane sAthI ko kue~ meM Dhakela detA hai etthaMtarammi ya atthamio sahassarassI, luliyA saMjhA | tao cintiyamaNahageNaM-hatthagayaM me daviNajAya, vijaNaM ca kantAraM, samAsanno ya pAyAlagambhIro kUvo, pavatto ya avarAhavivarasamacchAyago andhayAro | tA eyammi eyaM pakkhiviuNa niyattAmo imassa thANassa ti cintiUNa bhaNiyaM ca teNa-satthavAhaputta !

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samarAiJcakahA 397 dhaNiyaM pivAsAbhibhUo mhi / tA nihAlehi eyaM jiNNakUvaM kimettha udagaM asthi, natthi tti ? tao mae gahiyapAheyapoTTaleNaM ceva nihAlio kUvo / etthaMtarammi ya suvisatthahiyayassa loyassa viya maccU mama smiivmnnhgo| sahasA pakkhitto tammi ahamaNahageNa, paDio ya udgmjhe| niyatto ya so tao vibhaagaao| -isa bIca meM sUrya astAcala meM chipa gayA, aura saMdhyA ho gii| aNahaga ne socA-"mere hAtha meM dhana hai, jaMgala meM koI hai nahIM, pAtAla ke samAna gaMbhIra ku~e ke pAsa pahu~ca gaye haiM, aura aparAdharUpI chidroM ko Dhaka denevAlA aMdhakAra phaila gayA hai| aisI hAlata meM apane sAthI ko isa ku~e meM Dhakela kara, maiM yahA~ se lauTa jaauuNgaa|" yaha socakara usane mujha se kahA, "he sArthavAha ke putra ! mujhe bahuta pyAsa lagI hai| jarA isa purAne kue meM jhA~kakara to dekho isameM jala hai yA nahIM ?" taba khAne kI poTalI hAtha meM liye-liye hI maiMne ku~e meM jhA~kA | isa bIca meM jaise vizvasta hRdaya vAle logoM ke pAsa mRtyu A pahu~catI hai, vaise hI aNahaga mere pAsa A pahu~cA, aura usane ekadama mujhe ku~e meM Dhakela diyA / maiM ku~e meM gira par3A | vaha vahA~ se lauTa gyaa| ___ yahA~ dhArmika AkhyAnoM ke prasaMga meM ku~e meM laTakate hue puruSa kA dRSTAMta diyA gayA hai| koI daridra puruSa paradeza jAte hue kisI bhayAnaka aTavI meM pahu~cA / itane meM usane dekhA ki eka jaMgalI hAthI usakA pIchA kara rahA hai| usake pIche hAthI bhAgA huA A rahA thA, aura sAmane eka duSTa rAkSasI hAtha meM talavAra liye khar3I thI | usakI samajha meM na AyA ki vaha kyA kare / itane meM use vaTa kA eka vizAla vRkSa dikhAI par3A / vaha daur3akara vRkSa ke pAsa pahu~cA, lekina usake Upara car3ha na skaa| isa vRkSa ke pAsa tRNoM se Acchadita eka ku~A thA | apanI jAna bacAne ke liye vaha ku~e meM kUda par3A| vaha ku~e kI divAla para uge hue eka sarakaMDe ke Upara giraa| usane dekhA, divAla ke

Page #411
398 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa cAroM ora cAra bhayaMkara sarva kuMkAra mAra rahe haiM aura sarakaMDe kI jar3a meM eka bhayAnaka ajagara lipaTA huA hai| kSaNa bhara ke liye usake mana meM vicAra AyA ki jaba taka yaha sarakaMDA hai tabataka merA jIvana hai| itane meM usane dekhA ki do bar3e-bar3e cUhe-eka sapheda aura dUsarA kAlA-usa sarakaMDe kI jar3a ko kATane meM lage haiM / hAthI isa puruSa taka nahIM pahu~ca sakA, isaliye vaha gusse meM z2ora-jora se vaTa vRkSa ko hilAne lgaa| isa vRkSa para madhumakkhiyoM kA eka chattA lagA huA thaa| isa chatte kI makkhiyA~ usa puruSa ke zarIra meM lipaTa kara use kATane lgiiN| sAtha hI chatte meM se madhu kA eka bindu isa puruSa ke mAthe para Tapaka kara usake mu~ha meM praveza kara rahA thA aura vaha puruSa isake rasa kA AsvAdana karane meM magna thaa| isa bindu ke lobha se grasta huA vaha puruSa apanI bhayaMkara saMkaTApanna paristhiti ko bhUla gayA thaa| isa udAharaNa ke dvArA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki saMsAra rUpI aTavI meM bhramaNa karate hue jIva ko rAkSasI rUpI vRddhAvasthA aura hAthIrUpI mRtyu kA bhaya banA rahatA hai / vaTa kA vRkSa mokSa hai, jahA~ maraNarUpI hAthI kA bhaya nahIM hai| manuSya-janma ku~A hai, cAra sarpa cAra kaSAya haiM, sarakaMDA jIvana hai, sapheda aura kAle cUhe zukla aura kRSNa pakSa haiM, madhumakkhiyA~ aneka prakAra kI vyAdhiyA~ haiM, ajagara naraka hai aura madhu kI bUMdeM saMsAra ke viSayabhoga haiN| tAtparya yaha ki aisI hAlata meM saMkaTagrasta manuSya ko viSayabhogoM kI icchA nahIM karanI cAhiye / ' . Age calakara vairAgyotpAdaka eka dUsare dRzya kA varNana hai| eka sA~pa ne kisI meMDhaka ko pakar3a rakkhA thA, eka kurala pakSI isa sA~pa ko pakar3a kara khIMca rahA thA aura isa kurala pakSI ko 1. bhArata ke bAhara bhI yaha kathA pAI jAtI hai| I0 kuha ne mahAbhArata, strIparva (adhyAya 5-6) tathA brAhmaNa, jaina, bauddha, musalamAna aura yahUdI kathAoM ke sAtha isakI tulanA kI hai| dekhiye jaikobI, pariziSTaparva, pRSTha 22 phuTanoTa, kalakattA, 1891 /

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samarAiJcakahA 399 eka ajagara ne pakar3a rakkhA thaa| jaise jaise ajagara kurala pakSI ko khIMcatA, vaise-vaise kurala sA~pa ko aura sAMpa meMDhaka ko pakar3a kara khIMcatA thaa| yaha dekhakara rAjA jIva ke svabhAva kI gahaNA karane lagA aura use saMsAra se vairAgya ho AyA / - anta meM rAjA siMhakumAra kA putra Ananda rAjapada para abhiSikta hokara apane pitA kI hatyA kara detA hai| usa samaya siMhakumAra yahI vicAra karatA hai jaise anAja paka jAne para kisAna apanI khetI kATatA hai, vaise hI jIva apane kiye hue karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai, isaliye jIva ko vipAda nahIM karanA caahiye| tIsare bhava meM agnizarmA kA jIva jAlinI banakara apane putra ke rUpa meM utpanna hue guNasena ke jIva sirikumAra ko viSa dekara apane baira kA badalA letA hai| isa adhyAya kI eka aMtarkathA meM nAstikavAdI piMgaka aura vijayasiMha AcArya kA manoraMjaka saMvAda' AtA hai| piMgaka-pA~ca bhUtoM ke atirikta jIva koI alaga vastu nahIM hai| yadi aisA hotA to aneka jIvoM kI hiMsA karane meM rata mere pitAmaha (jo Apake siddhAMta ke anusAra mara kara naraka meM gaye hoMge) naraka meM se Akara mujhe duSkarmoM se bacane kA upadeza dete / lekina Ajataka unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA, ataeva jIva zarIra se bhinna nahIM hai| vijayasiMha-jaise lohe kI zRGkhalA meM baddha jela meM par3A huA koI cora bahuta cAhane para bhI apane iSTamitroM se nahIM mila sakatA, isI taraha naraka meM par3A huA jIva naraka ke bAhara nahIM A sktaa| piMgaka-mere pitA bar3e dharmAtmA puruSa the| unhoMne zramaNoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, isaliye Apake matAnusAra ve mara kara 1 .lagabhaga yahI saMvAda rAyapaleNiyasutta meM hai /

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400 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa svarga meM gaye hoMge | ve mujhase bahuta prema karate the| lekina abhI taka bhI unhoMne svarga meM se Akara mujhe upadeza nahIM diyA / vijayasiMha-dekho, jaise kisI daridra puruSa ko videza meM jAkara rAjya mila jAye to vaha apane svajana-saMbaMdhiyoM ko bhUla jAtA hai, isI prakAra svarga kA deva Rddhi prApta kara apane manuSya-janma ko bhUla jAtA hai| piMgaka-mAna lo, rAjA ne kisI cora ko pakar3a kara use lohe ke maTake meM banda kara diyA, aura usa ghar3e ke muMha para garma zIze kI mohara lagA dii| kucha dera bAda vaha cora maTake. ke andara hI mara gyaa| lekina yaha dekhane meM nahIM AyA ki usakA jIva kahA~ se nikala kara bAhara calA gyaa| isase patA lagatA hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna nhiiN| vijayasiMha-yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| mAna lo, kisI zaMkha bajAnevAle puruSa ko kisI lohe ke bar3e bartana meM baiThAkara zaMkha bajAne ke liye kahA jAye, to bartana meM koI cheda na hone para bhI zaMkha kI dhvani dUra taka sunAI degii| isI taraha yahA~ bhI samajhanA caahiye| piMgaka-kisI cora ko prANadaMDa dene ke pahale aura prANadaNDa dene ke bAda taulA jAya to usake vajana meM koI antara nahIM par3egA, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinnabhinna nahIM haiN| vijayasiMha-yaha bAta ThIka nahIM hai| kisI dhoMkanI ko yadi usameM havA bharane se pahale taulA jAya aura phira havA bharane ke bAda taulA jAya to donoM vajana meM koI antara nahIM par3egA,' lekina phira bhI dhoMkanI se alaga havA kA astitva svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| 3. vijJAna kI dRSTi se yaha kathana satya nahIM mAlama hotaa|

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samarAicakahA 401 piMgaka-yadi kisI cora ke zarIra ko khaMDa-khaMDa karake dekhA jAya to bhI kahIM jIva dikhAI nahIM degA, isase jIva aura zarIra kI abhinnatA kA hI samarthana hotA hai| vijayasiMha-yaha udAharaNa ThIka nhiiN| kisI araNi ke khaMDa-khaMDa karane para bhI usameM agni dikhAI nahIM detI, lekina isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki araNi meM agni hai hI nhiiN| isase jIva aura zarIra kI bhinnatA hI siddha hotI hai| cauthe bhava meM guNasena aura agnizarmA dhana aura dhanazrI ke rUpa meM janma lete haiN| donoM pati-patnI banate haiM, aura patnI apane pati kI hatyA karake pUrvajanma kA badalA letI hai| yahA~ samudrayAtrA kA varNana hai / vyApArI loga apane sAtha ko lekara dhana arjana karane ke liye samudra kI yAtrA karate the| ve apane jahAja meM mAla bharate, dIna-anAthoM ko dAna dete, samudra kI pUjA karate, yAnapAtra ko argha car3hAte, aura phira apane parijanoM ke sAtha jahAja meM savAra hote| usake bAda pAleM uThAte, zveta dhvajAyeM phaharAte, aura pavana ke vega se jahAja samudra ko cIratA huA Age bar3hane lgtaa| nagara meM pahu~ca kara vyApArI loga bheMTa lekara rAjA se mulAkAta karate aura rAjA unheM Thaharane ke liye AvAsa detA | vyApArI apanA mAla becate aura dUsarA mAla bhara kara Age bar3hate / corI karane ke aparAdha meM aparAdhI ke zarIra meM kAlikha potakara, DiMDamanAda ke sAtha use vadhasthAna ko le jAyA jAtA thaa| rAjakarmacArI vadha karanevAle cAMDAla ko Adeza dekara lauTa jAte / usake bAda use yamagaMDikA (yama kI gAr3I) para baiThAkara cAMDAla usakA vadha karane ke pahale usakI aMtima icchA ke bAre meM prazna karatA | phira vaha aparAdhI ke aparAdha kA ullekha kara ghoSaNA karatA ki jo koI rAjA ke viruddha isa taraha kA aparAdha karegA use isI prakAra kA daNDa milegaa| yaha kahakara cAMDAla apanI talavAra se aparAdhI ke Tukar3e kara DAlatA / 26 prA0 sA0

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402 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ___ eka bAra kisI rAjakoSa meM corI ho gaI / rAjakarmacAriyoM meM kSobha maca gyaa| Akhira cora kA patA laga hI gayA tattha vi ya taMmi ceya diyahe caNDaseNassa muTuM savvasAraM nAma bhNddaagaarbhvnnN| tao AulIhUyA nAyarayA nagarArakkhiyA ya / gavesijjati corA, muddijanti bhavaNavIhio, parikkhijjati aagntugaa| etthaMtaraMmi ya saMpattamettA ceva gahiyA ime rAyapurisehiM, bhaNiyA ya tehiM / bhaddA, na tubbhehiM kuppiyavvaM / sAhio vuttnto| tehiM bhaNiyaM-ko esa avasaro kovassa ? tahiM vaccAmo jattha tumbhe neha tti | nIyA paMcaulasamIvaM, pucchiyA paMcAliehiM, 'kao tumbhe' tti / tehiM bhnniyN-saavtthiio| kAraNiehiM bhaNiyaM-'kahiM gamissaha' ti? tehiM bhnniyN'susmmnyrN'| kAraNiehiM bhaNiyaM-'kiMnimittaM' ti ? tehiM bhaNiyaM-'naravaisamAesAo eyaM satyavAhaputtaM geNhi' tti / kAraNeehiM bhaNiyaM-'asthi tumhANaM kiMci daviNajAyaM ?' tehiM bhaNiyaM 'atthi'| kAraNaehiM bhaNiyaM-kiM tayaM tti ? tehiM bhaNiyaM-'imassa sasthavAhaputtassa naravaiviiNNaM rAyAlaMkaraNayaM' tti| kAraNiehiM bhaNiyaM-'pecchAmo tAva kerisaM' ? tao visuddhacittayAe daMsiyaM / paJcabhinnAe bhNddaarienn| -usa samaya usI dina caMDasena rAjA ke sarvasAra nAma ke khajAne meM corI ho gaI / nAgarika aura nagara ke rakSakoM meM bar3A kSobha huaa| coroM kI khoja hone lagI, makAnoM kI galiyAM chaMka dI gii| AgantukoM kI talAzI lI jAne lgii| isa bIca meM vahA~ Ate hI ina logoM ko (vyApAriyoM ko) rAjA ke karmacAriyoM ne giraphtAra kara liyaa| unhoMne kahA-"Apa loga gussA na ho"| unhoMne saba hAla kaha diyA / vyApAriyoM ne kahA-"isameM gusse kI kyA bAta ? jahA~ tuma le calo, hama calane ko taiyAra haiN|" unheM paMcoM ke pAsa le gye| paMcoM ne pUchA-tuma loga kahA~ se Aye ? "zrAvastI se|" HTHEATHER

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samarAiJcakahA 403 "kahA~ jAoge ?" "suzarmanagara ko|" "vahA~ kyA kAma hai ?" "rAjA kI AjJApUrvaka isa sArthavAhaputra ko vahA~ le jAnA hai|" "tumhAre pAsa kucha dhana hai ?" "hA~, hai|" "kauna-sA ?" "isa sArthavAhaputra ko rAjA ne alaMkAra diye haiN|" "dekheM, kauna se haiM ?" vyApAriyoM ne sIdhe svabhAva se dikhA diye / kopAdhyakSa ne unheM pahacAna liyaa| yahA~ kuladevatA (caNDI) kI pUjA ke liye ATe ke bane hue murge (piTThamayakukkuDa) kI bali dekara mAMsa ke sthAna para ATe ko bhakSaNa karane kA ullekha hai|' pAMcaveM bhava meM guNasena kA jIva jaya aura agnizarmA kA jIva vijaya banatA hai| jaya aura vijaya donoM sage bhAI haiN| jaya rAjapada ko tyAga kara zramaNadIkSA grahaNa karatA hai, aura vijaya usakI hatyA kara usase badalA letA hai| mUla kathA yahA~ bahuta choTI hai, antarkathAyeM hI bharI huI haiM jisase mUlakathA kA mahattva kama ho gayA hai| do prakAra ke mArgoM kA pratipAdana karate hue sundara rUpakoM dvArA dharmopadeza diyA hai| eka sarala mArga hai, dUsarA vakra | vakra mArga dvArA AsAnI se jA sakate haiM, lekina isameM samaya bahuta lagatA hai| 1. puSpadanta ke jasaharacariya (2,17-20) meM bhI isa prakAra kA ullekha hai| uttara vihAra meM Ajakala bhI yaha rivAja hai| kahIM halave kA bakarA banAkara use kATA jAtA hai, kahIM zveta kUSmANDa (kumhaDA) kATane kA rivAja hai|

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404 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa sarala mArga se pahu~cane meM kaSTa hotA hai, lekina isase jaldI pahu~ca jAte haiN| sarala mArga bahuta viSama aura saMkaTApanna hai| isa mArga meM do vyAghra aura siMha rahate haiN| inheM eka bAra bhagA dene para bhI phira se Akara ye rAstA roka lete haiN| yadi koI rAstA chor3akara cale to use mAra DAlate haiM / isa mArga meM aneka zItala chAyAvAle suMdara vRkSa lage haiN| kucha vRkSa aise haiM jinake phala, phUla aura patte jhar3a gaye haiN| manohara vRkSoM ke nIce vizrAma karanA khatare se khAlI nahIM hai| isaliye ina vRkSoM ke nIce vizrAma na karake phala, phUla aura patterahita vRkSoM ke nIce vizrAma karanA caahiye| rAste meM madhurabhASI suMdara rUpadhArI puruSa pukAra pukAra kara kahate haiM-he rAhagIro | isa rAste se jAo / lekina unakI bAta kabhI nahIM mAnanI cAhiye / mArga meM jAte hue jaMgala kA kucha bhAga Aga se jalatA huA dikhAI degA, usa Aga ko sAvadhAnI se bujhA denA cAhiye ; nahIM to jala jAne kI AzaMkA hai| rAste meM eka U~cA pahAr3a bhI milegA, use lAMgha kara cale jAnA caahiye| phira bAMsoM kA eka jhuramuTa dikhAI degA, ise jaldI hI pAra kara jAnA cAhiye, vahAM Thaharane se upadrava kI AzaMkA hai / isake bAda eka gaDDhA par3egA / vahA~ manoratha nAmakA eka brAhmaNa rahatA hai| vaha pukAra kara kahatA hai-he rAstA calanevAlo! isa gaDDhe ko thor3A sA bhara kara Age bddh'naa| lekina isa brAhmaNa kI bAta para bhI dhyAna nahIM denA caahiye| isa gaDDhe ko nahIM bharanA cAhiye, kyoMki bharane se vaha aura bar3A ho jAtA hai| mArga meM pA~ca prakAra ke phala dikhAI deNge| inakI tarapha dRSTi na DAlanA cAhiye aura na inheM bhakSaNa karanA cAhiye / yahA~ bAIsa prakAra ke mahAkAya pizAca pratyeka kSaNa upadrava karate rahate haiM, unakI paravA nahIM karanI cAhiye / yahA~ bhojana-pAna bahuta thor3A milegA, aura jo milegA vaha nIrasa hogA; isase dukhI nahIM honA caahiye| hamezA Age bar3hate jAnA caahiye| rAta meM bhI do yAma niyama se gamana karanA

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samarAicakahA 405 cAhiye / isa prakAra gamana karane se zIghra hI jaMgala ko lAMgha kara nirvRtipura (mokSa) meM pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ kisI prakAra kA koI kleza aura upadrava nahIM hai| chaThe bhava meM guNasena aura agnizarmA dharaNa aura lakSmI kA janma dhAraNa kara pati-patnI banate haiN| lakSmI dharaNa se baira lene kA aneka bAra prayatna karatI hai lekina saphalatA nahIM miltii| eka bAra dharaNa aura lakSmI kisI jaMgala meM se jA rahe the / zabaroM ne unheM latAoM se bAMdha liyA aura vadha ke liye caNDI ke maMdira meM le cle| isa maMdira meM durgilaka nAmake kisI patravAhaka ko bhI mArane ke liye pakar3a kara lAyA gayA thaa| durgilaka ke keza pakar3a kara use eka ora khar3A kiyA gayA aura usake zarIra para rakta candana kA lepa kara diyA gayA / eka zabara usase kahane lagA-"dekho, aba tumheM svarga meM jAnA hai, isaliye apane jIvana ke sivAya tuma cAhe jo mA~ga sakate ho / " durgilaka itanA Dara gayA thA ki bAra-bAra pUche jAne para bhI vaha na bola skaa| lekina niyama ke anusAra jabataka bali diye jAnevAle puruSa kA manoratha pUrA na ho jAya usakA vadha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dharaNa bhI vahIM khar3A thaa| usane socA, mujhe bhI maranA to hai hI, maiM kyoM na durgilakA ko bacA / zabaroM ne dharaNa kA vadha karane se pahale jaba usakI antima icchA ke bAre meM prazna kiyA to usane kahA ki durgilaka kI jagaha merA vadha kara diyA jaaye| ___ yahA~ samudrayAtrA ke prasaMga meM cInadvIpa aura suvarNadvIpa kA ullekha AtA hai jisase patA lagatA hai ki bhArata ke vyApArI bahuta sA mAla lekara cIna aura baramA Adi dezoM meM jAyA karate the aura ina dvIpoM se mAla lAkara apane deza meM becate the / cIna se lauTane para apanI patnI ke vyavahAra ko dekhakara dharaNa ko usake caritra para saMdeha ho gayA, lekina isa nAjuka bAta ko dUsaroM se kaise kahe ? samarAiJcakahA ke vidvAn lekhaka ne citraNa meM bar3I kuzalatA se kAma liyA hai

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406 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa seTiNA bhaNiyaM-'vaccha, suyaM mae, jahA AgayaM jANavattaM cINAo, tA taM tumae uvaladdhaM na va' ti / tao sagaggayakkharaM jaMpiyaM dharaNeNaM-'ajja uvaladdhaM' ti | sogAiregeNa ya pavattaM bAhasalilaM / tao 'nUNaM vivannA se bhAriyA, annahA kahaM Iiso sogapasaro' tti ciMtiUNa bhaNiyaM ToppaseTThiNA-'vaccha, avi taM ceva taM jANavattaM ti | dharaNeNaM bhnniyN-'aam'| seTTiNA bhaNiyaM-'avi kusalaM te bhAriyAe? dharaNeNa bhaNiyaM-'ajja kuslN'| seTTiNA bhaNiyaM-'tA kimannaM te uThaveyakAraNaM ?' dharaNeNa bhaNiyaM-'anja, na kiMci AcikkhiyavvaM' ti | seTiNA bhaNiyaM-'tA kiM vimaNo si' ? dharaNeNa bhaNiyaM-'Ama' / seTiNA bhaNiyaM-'kimAma'? dharaNeNa bhnniyN-'eyN'| seTiNA bhaNiyaM kimayaM ?' dharaNeNa bhaNiyaM na kiMci' / seTThiNA bhaNiyaM 'vaccha, kimeehiM sunnabhAsiehiM ? Acikkha sambhAvaM / na ya ahaM ajoggo Acikkhiyavvassa, paDivanno ya tae gurU' / tao 'na juttaM gurU ANAkhaMDaNaM' ti cintiUNa jaMpiyaM dharaNeNa-"anja, 'ajjassa ANa' tti kariya IisaM pi bhAsiyaha" tti | seTTaNA bhaNiyaM-'vaccha, nathi avisao guruyaNANuvattIe / ' dharaNeNaM bhaNiyaM-'ajja jai evaM tA kusalaM me bhAriyAe jIvieNaM, na uNa sIleNaM / ' seTThiNA bhaNiyaM-'kahaM viyANasi ?' dharaNeNa bhaNiyaM-'kajAo / ' seTThiNA bhaNiyaM'kahaM viya ?' tao Acikkhio se bhoyaNAio jalanihitaDapajjavasANo sylvuttnto| -seTha ne pUchA-"vatsa, sunA hai ki cIna se jahAja lauTa AyA hai, tumheM mAlUma hai yA nahIM ?" dharaNa ne avaruddha svara meM uttara diyA-"Arya, mAlUma hai / " yaha kaha kara zokAtireka se usakI A~khoM se azru bahane lge| ToppaseTha ne socA ki avazya hI isakI patnI mara gaI hogI, anyathA yaha kyoM zoka se vyAkula hotA ? usane pUchA "vatsa, kyA vaha vahI jahAja hai ?"

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samarAizcakahA 407 407 "tumhArI patnI kuzala se to hai ?" "hA~, kuzala hai|" "phira tumhAre zoka kA kyA kAraNa ?" "Arya, koI khAsa bAta nahIM hai|" "phira udAsa kyoM ho?" "hA~ kyA ?" aise hI" "aise hI kyA ?" "kucha nahIM" ___ "vatsa, isa prakAra kyA sUnI-sUnI bAta kara rahe ho ? ThIka ThIka bolo, mujha se chipAne kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| tumane mujhe bar3A mAna liyA hai|" "bar3oM kI AjJA kA ullaMghana karanA ThIka nahIM," yaha socakara dharaNa ne kahA-"jaisI ApakI AjJA', isaliye aisI bAta bhI kahanI par3atI hai|" "gurujanoM se koI bAta chipAne kI jarUrata nhiiN|" "yadi yaha bAta hai, to lIjiye merI patnI jIvita to hai, lekina zIla se nhiiN|" "kaise jAnate ho ?" "usake kArya se|" "kaise ?" tatpazcAt Adi se aMta taka sArA vRttAnta dharaNa ne kaha sunaayaa| yahA~ antarkathA meM zabara vaidya aura arahadatta kA AkhyAna hai| zabara vaidya arahadatta ko upadeza dene ke liye apane sAtha lekara claa| mArga meM usane dekhA ki kisI gA~va meM Aga laga gaI hai| vaidya ghAsa kA gaTThara lekara Aga bujhAne ke liye

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bhAva 408 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa daur3A / arahadatta ne pUchA-kyA kahIM ghAsa se bhI Aga bujha sakatI hai ? vaidya ne uttara diyA-to phira krodha Adi se pradIpta apane zarIra rUpI Idhana se, munidharma ko tyAgakara gRhastha dharma meM praveza karane se kyA saMsAra kI Aga bujha sakatI hai ? vaidya ne sUara aura baila Adi ke dRSTAnta dekara arahadatta ko prabuddha kiyA / ___ sAtaveM bhava meM guNasena aura agnizarmA kA jIva sena aura viSeNa kA janma dhAraNa karatA hai| donoM cacere bhAI haiN| viSeNa sena se aneka bAra badalA lene kA yatna karatA hai, lekina saphala nahIM hotA / strI Adi viSayabhogoM ke saMbaMdha meM yahA~ kahA gayA hai vAriyaM khu samaye itthiyaadsnnN| bhaNiyaM ca tattha-avi ya aMjiyavvAiM tattalohasalAyAe acchINi, na daTThavvA ya aMgapaccaMgasaMThANeNaM itthiyA, avi ya bhakkhiyavvaM visaM, na seviyavvA visayA, chindiyavvA jIhA, na jaMpiyavvamaliyaM ti / -zAstroM meM strIdarzana kA niSedha hai / kahA hai-garma-garma lohe kI salI se A~kheM AMja lenA acchA hai, lekina striyoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM kA dekhanA acchA nahIM | viSa kA bhakSaNa karanA acchA hai, lekina viSayoM kA sevana karanA acchA nahIM / jIbha kATa lenA acchA hai lekina mithyAbhASaNa karanA acchA nahIM / ___ yahA~ nAgadeva nAmake paMDarabhikkhU kA ullekha hai jisane gorasa kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| piyamelaya (priyamelaka) nAma ke tIrtha kA yahA~ varNana kiyA gayA hai| Age calakara pramAda ke doSa batAye haiN| AThaveM bhava meM guNasena kA jIva guNacandra kA janma dhAraNa karatA hai aura amizarmA vAnamaMtara banakara usase badalA lenA cAhatA hai, lekina saphalatA nahIM miltii| yahA~ 72 kalAoM kA 1. vizeSanizIthacUrNI (sAiklosTAilDa kApI), pR0 12 meM makkhaligozAla ke ziSyoM ko paMDarabhikkhU kahA gayA hai|

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samarAizcakahA 409 ullekha hai| praznottara kI paddhati para kucha prazna kiye gaye haiM, jinakA uttara guNacandra detA haiprazna-kiM denti kAmiNIo ? ke harapaNayA? kuNaMti kiM bhuyagA ? kaMca maUhehi sasI dhavalei ? uttara-nahaMgaNAbhoyaM (1 nakha, 2-gaNa, 3-bhoga (sarpa kA phaNa)4-nabha ke A~gana kA vistAra / -kAminiyA~ kyA detI haiM ? nakha / ziva ko kauna praNAma karate haiM ? unake gaNa | sarpa kyA uThAte haiM ? apanA phnn| apanI kiraNoM dvArA candramA kise dhavala karatA hai ? nabha ke A~gana ko| prazna-ki hoi rahassa varaM ? buddhipasAeNa ko jaNo jiyai ? kiM ca kuNantI bAlA neurasaiM payAsei ? uttara-cakkamantI (1-cakra, 2 maMtrI, 3 cNkrmmaannaa)| ratha kA zreSTha hissA kauna sA hai ? cakra / apanI buddhi ke prasAda se kauna vijayI hotA hai ? mNtrii| kyA karatI huI bAlA nupUra kI dhvani karatI hai ? calatI huii| prazna-kiM piyaha ? kiMca geNhaha paDhamaM kamalassa ? deha kiM rivuNo ? navabahuramiyaM bhaNa kiM ? uvahasaraM kerisaM vakkaM ? uttara-kaNNAlaMkAramaNaharaM savisesaM (1 kaM, 2 nAlaM, 3 kAra, 4 manohara, 5-svishess)| -kyA piyA jAtA hai ? jala | kamala kA pahale kauna sA hissA pakar3A jAtA hai ? nAla | zatru ko kyA diyA jAtA hai ? tirskaar| nava vadhU meM rata puruSa ko kyA kahate haiM ? manohara | upadhA' kA svara kaisA vakra hotA hai ? savizeSa / 1. vyAkaraNa meM antyavarNa se pUrva varNa ko upadhA kahA gayA hai| alo'ntyAtpUrva upadhA (siddhAntakaumudI 1.1.65) /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gUDhacaturthagoSThI meM zloka ke caturtha pada kI pUrti kI jAtI thii| usakA udAharaNa dekhiye surayamaNassa raihare niyaMbabhamiraM bahU dhuyakaraggA / takkhaNavuttavivAhA guNacandra ne samasyApUrti karate hue cauthA pada kahA varayassa karaM nivaarei|| ratighara meM, abhinavapariNItA, surata manavAlI vadhU apane nitaMboM ko ghumAtI huI, u~galiyoM ko caMcala karatI huI apane vara ke hAtha ko rokatI hai| ___ Age calakara vivAha-utsava kA varNana hai jisase AThavIM sadI kI tatkAlIna sAmAjika paristhiti kA patA calatA hai| varSAkAla meM ghanaghora varSA hone ke kAraNa udyAna Adi ko naSTa karatI huI nadI apanI maryAdA ko lAMgha gaI thii| lekina zarada Rtu meM vahI nadI apanI pUrva avasthA ko prApta ho gii| isa ghaTanA ko dekhakara guNacandra ko vairAgya ho AyA aura usane saMsAra kA tyAga kara zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kii| ___ antima nauveM bhava meM guNasena kA jIva ujjayinI meM samarAditya kA aura agnizarmA girisena cAMDAla kA janma dhAraNa karatA hai| girisena samarAditya kA vadha karake usase badalA lenA cAhatA hai, lekina asaphala rahatA hai| samarAditya azoka, kAmAMkura aura lalitAMga Adi mitroM ke sAtha samaya yApana karatA hai| ye loga kAmazAstra kI carcA karate haiM / kAmazAstra kI AvazyakatA batAte hue kahA hai ki jo loga kAmazAstra meM ullikhita prayogoM ke jJAna se vaMcita haiM ve apanI strI ke citta kA ArAdhana nahIM kara sakate / kAmazAstra ko dharma, artha aura kAma kA sAdhaka mAnA gayA hai, kAma ke abhAva meM dharma aura artha kI siddhi nahIM hotii|

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samarAiJcakahA 411 __ adhama, madhyama aura uttama mitroM kA lakSaNa batAte hue zarIra ko adhama, svajanoM ko madhyama aura dharma ko uttama mitra kahA hai| eka bAra basanta Rtu kA Agamana hone para nagarI ke saba loga utsava manAne ke liye nagara ke bAhara gye| rAjakumAra samarAditya ne bhI bar3e ThATha-bATha se apane ratha meM savAra hokara prasthAna kiyaa| nataka (pAyamUla) ujvala vastra dhAraNa kara nRtya kara rahe the, bhujaMga (viTa) ullAsa meM masta the, darzakagaNa meM cahala-pahala macI huI thI aura kuMkuma kI dhUli saba jagaha phaila gaI thI / jagaha-jagaha nRtya ho rahe the, nATaka dikhAye jA rahe the aura vAdyoM kI dhvani sunAI par3a rahI thii| itane meM rAjakumAra ko maMdira ke cauMtare para vyAdhi se grasta eka vIbhatsa puruSa dikhAI diyaa| rAjakumAra ne sArathi se prazna kiyA, "sArathi, kyA yaha bhI koI nATaka hai ?" sArathi ne uttara diyA, "mahArAja, yaha puruSa vyAdhi se pIr3ita hai|" yaha sunakara rAjakumAra apanI talavAra nikAla kara vyAdhi ko mArane ke liye udyata ho gyaa| yaha dekhakara logoM ke nAca-gAna banda ho gaye aura saba loga ikaTThe ho gye| isa para sArathI ne rAjakumAra ko samajhAyA ki vyAdhi koI duSTa puruSa nahIM hai jisakA vadha karake use vaza meM kiyA jA sake; jo puruSa dharmarUpI pathya kA sevana karatA hai vahI isa vyAdhi se mukta ho sakatA hai| Age calakara kumAra ne jarAvasthA se pIr3ita eka zreSThi-dampati ko dekhaa| sArathI ne batAyA ki dharmarUpI rasAyana kA sevana kiye binA jarAvasthA se chuTakArA nahIM mila sktaa| phira usane eka mRtaka daridra puruSa ko dekhA / kumAra ne sArathI se prazna kiyA, "bandhu-bAMdhava mRtaka ko kyoM chor3akara cale jAte haiM ?" sArathI ne uttara diyA, "isa kalevara ke rakhane se kyA lAbha ? isakA jIva nikala gayA hai|" ___ kumAra-yadi aisI bAta hai to mRtaka ke saMbaMdhI kyoM vilApa karate haiM ?

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412 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa sArathI-vilApa karane ke sivAya aura koI cArA nhiiN| kumAra-ve loga isake sAtha kyoM nahIM jAte ? sArathI-yaha saMbhava nhiiN| usake saMbaMdhiyoM ko patA nahIM ki mRtaka kahA~ jAnevAlA hai| kumAra-ye usase prIti kyoM karate haiM ? sArathI-mahArAja, Apa ThIka kahate haiM, prIti karanA vRthA hai| anta meM kumAra mRtyu se bacane kA upAya pUchatA hai / sArathI uttara detA hai ki dharma dhAraNa karane se hI mRtyu se chuTakArA mila sakatA hai| vivAha-vidhi kA yahA~ vistAra se varNana hai| anta meM karmagati Adi saMbaMdhI praznoM ke uttara diye gaye haiN| na dhuttakkhANa (dhUrtAkhyAna ) dhUrtAkhyAna haribhadra kI dUsarI ullekhanIya racanA hai|' lekhaka ne bar3e vinodAtmaka DhaMga se rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM kI atiraMjita kathAoM para vyaMgya karate hue unakI asArthakatA siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| haribhadra eka kuzala kathAkAra the| hAsya aura vyaMgya kI isa anupama kRti se unakI maulika kalpanAzakti kA patA lagatA hai| yaha mahArASTrI prAkRta meM sarala aura pravAhabaddha zailI meM likhI gaI hai| isameM pA~ca AkhyAna haiN| eka bAra ujjainI ke kisI udyAna 1. isakA sampAdana DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye ne siMghI jaina granthamAlA, baMbaI meM san 1944 meM kiyA hai| nizIthavizeSacUrNI (pIThikA, pR0 105) meM dhuttakkhANaga kA ullekha milatA hai, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki haribhadra se pahale bhI isa nAma kA koI graMtha thA / saMghatilakAcArya ne saMskRta dhUrtAkhyAna kI racanA kI hai jo rAjanagara kI jainagranthaprakAzaka sabhA dvArA san 1945 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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dhUrtAkhyAna 413 meM pA~ca dhUrta-ziromaNi-mUlazrI,' kaMDarIka, elASAr3ha, zaza' aura khaMDapANA ekatrita hue| unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki saba loga apane-apane anubhava sunAyeM aura jo ina anubhavoM para vizvAsa na kare vaha sabako bhojana khilAye, aura jo apane kathana ko rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM se pramANita kara de, vaha dhUnoM kA guru mAnA jAye | sabase pahale mUlazrI ne apanA anubhava sunAyA "eka bAra kI bAta hai, yuvAvasthA meM apane sira para gaMgA dhAraNa karane ke liye maiM apane svAmI ke ghara gyaa| apane hAtha meM maiM chatra aura kamaMDala liye jA rahA thA ki eka madonmatta hAthI mere pIche laga gyaa| hAthI ko dekhakara maiM Dara ke mAre kamaMDala meM jA chipA | hAthI bhI mere pIche-pIche kamaMDala meM ghusa aayaa| vaha hAthI chaha mahIne taka kamaMDala meM mere pIche bhAgatA phirA / anta meM maiM kamaMDala kI ToMTI se bAhara nikala aayaa| hAthI ne bhI usameM se nikalane kA prayatna kiyA, lekina hAthI kI pU~cha usameM phaMsI raha gii| rAste meM gaMgA nadI pdd'ii| use maiM apanI bhujAoM se pAra kara ke svAmI ke ghara phuNcaa| vahA~ maiM chaha mahIne taka gaMgA ko apane sira para dhAraNa kiye rahA / usake bAda ujjainI AyA, aura aba Apa logoM ke sAtha baiThA huA hU~| 1. mUlazrI ko mUladeva, mUlabhadra, karNIsuta aura kalAMkura nArmoM se bhI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| mUladeva ko steyazAstrapravartaka mAnA hai| dekhiye, jagadIcazandra jaina, kalpanA, jUna, 1956 meM 'prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM caurakarma' nAma kA lekha / 2. zaza kA ullekha mUladeva ke mitra ke rUpa meM caturbhANI (DaoN. motIcanda aura vAsudevazaraNa agravAla dvArA anUdita tathA saMpAdita, hindI grantharatnakArakAryAlaya, baMbaI, 1960) meM aneka jagaha milatA hai|

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414 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa __"yadi merA yaha AkhyAna satya hai to ise pramANita karo, aura yadi asatya hai to sabake liye bhojana kA prabaMdha kro|" / ___ kaMDarIka ne uttara diyA ki rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM kA jJAtA aisA kauna vyakti hai jo tumhAre isa AkhyAna ko asatya siddha kara ske| dUsare AkhyAna meM kaMDarIka ne apanA anubhava sunAyA "eka bAra kI bAta hai, bAlyAvasthA meM mere mAtA-pitA ne mujhe ghara se bAhara nikAla diyA | ghUmate-ghAmate maiM eka gA~va meM phuNcaa| usa gA~va meM eka vaTa kA vRkSa thA, jisake nIce kamaladala nAma kA eka yakSa rahA karatA thaa| yaha yakSa logoM ko icchita vara diyA karatA thA | yakSa kI yAtrA ke liye loga phala-phUla Adi lekara vahA~ Ate / maiM bhI yakSa kI vaMdanA ke liye gyaa| usa samaya vahA~ ghor3oM kA khela ho rahA thA ki itane meM coroM kA AkramaNa huaa| yaha dekhakara gA~va ke saba loga aura samasta pazu bhAgakara eka phUTa (cibbhaDa' ) meM chipa gaye aura andara pahu~ca kara krIr3A karane lge| cora vahA~ kisI ko na dekhakara vApisa lauTa gye| itane meM eka bakarI AI aura vaha phUTa ko khA gii| usa bakarI ko eka ajagara nigala gayA aura ajagara ko eka pakSI khA gyaa| jaba yaha pakSI vaTa vRkSa ke Upara baiThA huA thA to vahA~ rAjA kI senA ne par3Ava ddaalaa| isa pakSI kA eka paira nIce kI tarapha laTaka rahA thaa| hAthI ke mahAvata ne use vRkSa kI zAkhA samajhakara usase apane hAthI ko bA~dha diyA / pakSI ne apanA paira Upara khIMcA to usake sAtha hAthI bhI khiMcA calA gyaa| yaha dekhakara senA meM kolAhala maca gyaa| itane meM kisI tIrandAja ne pakSI para tIra calAyA jisase pakSI nIce gira pdd'aa| rAjA ne usakA peTa ciravAyA to pahale usameM se ajagara nikalA, ajagara meM se bakarI nikalI, bakarI meM se phUTa nikalI aura phUTa meM se 1. gujarAtI meM ciibhiiN|

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dhUrtAkhyAna sAre gA~va ke loga aura pazu-pakSI nikala pdd'e| saba loga rAjA ko praNAma kara ke apane-apane ghara cale gaye aura maiM yahA~ Apake sAmane upasthita huuN|" ___rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM ke paMDita elASAr3ha ne isa AkhyAna ko rAmAyaNa Adi se pramANita kara diyA / usake bAda elASAr3ha ne apanA anubhava sunAnA zurU kiyA "yuvAvasthA meM mujhe dhana kI bar3I abhilASA thii| dhana prApta karane kI AzA se maiM eka parvata para pahu~cA aura vahA~ se rasa lekara AyA / isa rasa kI sahAyatA se maiMne bahuta-sA dhana bnaayaa| eka bAra kI bAta hai, mere ghara meM cora ghusa aaye| maiMne dhanuSa-bANa lekara unase yuddha kiyA aura bahuta-soM ko mAra DAlA | jo bAkI bace, unhoMne merA sira dhar3a se alaga kara diyA, aura mere Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara mujhe bera kI jhAr3I para DAla, merA ghara lUTa-pATa kara ve vApisa lauTa gye| agale dina sUryodaya ke samaya logoM ne dekhA ki maiM bera khA rahA huuN| unhoMne mujhe jIvita samajha kara mere zarIra ke Tukar3oM ko jor3a diyA, aura maiM Apa logoM ke sAmane hAjira huuN|" zaza ne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM kI kathAyeM sunAkara elASAr3ha ke AkhyAna kA samarthana kiyA / cauthe AkhyAna meM zaza ne apanA anubhava sunAyA "gA~va se dUra taka parvata ke pAsa merA tila kA kheta thA / eka bAra zarad Rtu meM maiM vahA~ gayA ki itane meM eka hAthI mere pIche laga gyaa| Dara ke mAre maiM eka bar3e tila ke jhAr3a para car3ha gyaa| hAthI isa jhAr3a ke cAroM tarapha cakkara mArane lgaa| isase bahuta se tila nIce gira par3e aura hAthI ke pairoM ke nIce dabane ke kAraNa vahA~ tela kI eka nadI baha niklii| bhUkha aura pyAsa se pIr3ita ho vaha hAthI isa nadI meM phaMsa kara mara gyaa| maiMne sukha kI sA~sa lii| maiM jhAr3a se nIce utarA, dasa ghar3e tela maiM pI gayA aura bahuta-sI khala maiMne khA DAlI | phira

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa maiMne hAthI kI khAla kA eka thailA banAyA / use tela se bhara kara gA~va ke bAhara eka per3a para TA~ga diyaa| gA~va meM pahu~ca kara maiMne apane lar3ake ko yaha thailA lAne ko bhejA | lar3ake ko thailA dikhAI na diyA, isaliye vaha samUce per3a ko hI ukhAr3a lAyA / " khaMDapANA ne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANoM ke pramANa dekara zaza ke AkhyAna kA samarthana kiyaa| pA~caveM AkhyAna meM arthazAstra kI racanA karanevAlI khaMDapANA ne apanA anubhava sunAyA "taruNa avasthA meM maiM atyaMta rUpavatI thii| eka bAra maiM Rtu-snAna karake maMDapa meM so rahI thI ki mere rUpalAvaNya se vismita hokara pavana ne merA upabhoga kiyaa| turaMta hI mujhe eka putra huA, aura mujhase pUchakara vaha kahIM calA gayA / "yadi merA ukta kathana asatya hai to Apa loga bhojana kA prabandha kareM, aura yadi satya hai to isa saMsAra meM koI bhI strI anutravatI na honI cAhiye / " mUlazrI ne mahAbhArata Adi ke pramANa uddhRta karake khaMDapANA ke kathana kA samarthana kiyA / ' kuvalayamAlA kuvalayamAlA ke kartA dAkSiNyacihna udyotanasUri haiM / inhoMne IsavI san 776 meM jAvAlipura (jAlora) meM isa grantha ko likhakara samApta kiyA thaa| yaha sthAna jodhapura ke dakSiNa meM 1. nizIthasUtra ke bhAgya meM ina pA~coM dhUrtI kI kathA pahale A cukI hai| 2. siMdhI sirIz2a meM yaha grantha DAkTara e. ena. upAdhye ke sampAdakatva meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| isake mudrita pharme unakI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko mile haiN| 14vIM sadI ke ratnaprabhasUri AcArya ne isa grantha ke sAra rUpa saMkSipta saMskRta kuvalayamAlA kI racanA kI hai|

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kuvalayamAlA 417 hai, usa samaya narahasti zrIvatsarAja yahA~ rAjya karatA thA / isa prantha ke anta meM dI huI prazasti se granthakAra ke sambandha meM aneka mahatvapUrNa bAtoM kA patA lagatA hai| uttarApatha meM candrabhAgA nadI ke taTa para pavvaiyA nAmaka nagarI thI jahA~ toramANa athavA torarAya nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| isa rAjA ke guru guptavaMzIya AcArya harigupta ke ziSya mahAkavi devagupta the / devagupta ke ziSya zivacandragaNi mahattara millamAla ke nivAsI the| unake ziSya yakSadatta the| inake NAga, biMda, (vRnda ) mammaDa, dugga, agnizarmA, baDesara (baTezvara ) Adi aneka ziSya the jinhoMne devamandira kA nirmANa karAkara gurjara deza ko ramaNIya banAyA thaa| ina ziSyoM meM eka kA nAma tattvAcArya thA, ye hI tattvAcArya kuvalayamAlA ke kartA udyotanasUri ke guru the| udyotanasUri ko vIrabhadrasUri ne siddhAnta aura haribhadrasUri ne yuktizAstra kI zikSA dI thii| kuvalayamAlA kAvyazailI meM likhA huA prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA eka anupama prantha hai| gadya-padyamizrita mahArASTrI prAkRta kI yaha prasAdapUrNa racanA caMpU kI zailI meM likhI gaI hai| mahArASTrI ke sAtha isameM paizAcI, apabhraMza aura kahIM saMskRta kA bhI prayoga huA hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki udyotanasUri ne dUra-dUra taka bhramaNa kara aneka dezI bhASAoM kI jAnakArI prApta kI thii| maThoM meM rahalevAle vidyArthiyoM aura banija-vyApAra ke liye dUra-dUra taka bhramaNa karanevAle vaNikoM kI boliyoM kA isameM saMgraha hai| prema aura zrRMgAra Adi ke varNanoM se yukta isa kRti meM alaMkAroM kA suMdara prayoga huA hai| bIca-bIca meM subhASita aura mArmika praznottara, prahelikA Adi dikhAI de jAte haiM / grantha ke AdyopAnta par3hane se lekhaka ke vizAla adhyayana aura sUkSma anvIkSaNa kA patA lagatA hai| grantha kI racanA-zailI para bANa kI kAdaMbarI, trivikrama kI damayaMtIkathA aura haribhadrasUri kI samarAiccakahA Adi kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| lekhaka ne pAdalipta (aura unakI taraMgavatI), sAtavAhana, SaTparNaka, guNAvya (aura unakI 27 prA0 sA0

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518 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bRhatkathA), vyAsa, vAlmIki, bANa (aura unakI kAdaMbarI), vimala, raviSeNa, jaDila, devagupta, prabhaMjana aura haribhadra, tathA sulocanA nAmaka dharmakathA kA ullekha kiyA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura moha Adi kA pariNAma dikhAne ke liye yahA~ aneka sarasa kathAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| kathAsuMdarI kI navavadhU ke sAtha tulanA karate hue udyotanasUri ne likhA hai sAlaMkArA suhayA laliyapayA mauya-maMju-saMlAvA / sahiyANa dei harisaM uvvUDhA NavavahU ceva // -alaMkAra sahita, subhaga, lalitapadavAlI, mRdu, aura maMju saMlApa se yukta kathAsuMdarI sahRdaya janoM ko Ananda pradAna karanevAlI pariNIta navavadhU ke samAna zobhita hotI hai| __ dharmakathA, arthakathA aura kAmakathA ke bheda se yahA~ tIna prakAra kI kathAyeM batAI gayI haiN| dharmakathA cAra prakAra kI hotI hai-akkhevaNI, vikkhevaNI, saMvegajaNaNI aura nivveyajaNaNI / pahalI mana ke anukUla, dUsarI mana ke pratikUla, tIsarI jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa aura cauthI vairAgya kI utpatti meM sahAyaka hotI hai| ___ AraMbha meM madhyadeza meM vinItA nAma kI nagarI kA varNana hai| yahA~ kI dUkAnoM para kuMkuma, kapUra, elA, lavaMga, sonA, cA~dI, zaMkha, cAmara, ghaMTA tathA vividha prakAra kI auSadhi aura caMdana Adi vastue~ bikatI thiiN| banArasa kA bahuta mahattva thA / jaba kahIM saphalatA na milatI to loga vArANasI jAte tathA jUA khelakara, corI karake, gA~Tha kATakara, kUTa racakara aura ThagaI karake artha kA upArjana karate / dhana prApti ke nirdoSa upAya dekhiye 1. paumacariya ke kartA vimalasUri / 2. saMskRta padmacarita ke kartA digambara vidvAn raviSeNa / 3. jaTila muni ne varAMgacarita kI racanA kI hai|

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kuvalayamAlA atthassa puNa uvAyA disigamaNaM hoi mittakaraNaM ca | NaravarasevA kusalattaNaM ca maannppmaannesuN|| dhAtuvvAo maMtaM ca devayArAhaNaM ca kesiM ca / sAyarataraNaM taha rohaNammi khaNaNaM vaNijjaM ca | NANAvihaM ca kammaM vijjAsippAiM NeyarUvAiM / atthassa sAhayAiM aNidiyAiM ca eyaaii|| -dizAgamana, dUsaroM se mitratA karanA, rAjA kI sevA, mAnapramANoM meM kuzalatA, dhAtuvAda, maMtra, devatA kI ArAdhanA, samudrayAtrA, pahAr3a (rohaNa) khodanA, vANijya tathA aneka prakAra ke karma, vidyA aura zilpa-ye arthotpatti ke nirdoSa sAdhana haiN| ___ dakSiNApatha meM pratiSThAna (paiThana, mahArASTra meM ) nAmaka nagara kA varNana hai jahA~ dhana-dhAnya aura rana Adi kA banija-vyApAra hotA thaa| ___ mAyAditya mitradroha kA prAyazcitta karane ke liye agni-praveza karanA cAhatA hai, lekina grAmamahattara agnipraveza karane kI apekSA gaMgA meM snAna kara anazanapUrvaka marane ko adhika uttama samajhate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki agni meM tapAne se sonA hI zuddha ho sakatA hai, mitradroha karanevAlA nahIM; mitradroha kI vaMcanA kApAlikoM kA vrata dhAraNa karane se nahIM hotI, usakI zuddhi to gaMgA meM praveza kara zivajI ke jaTAjUTa se giranevAlI gaMgA kA dhavala aura ujvala jala sira para car3hAne se hI ho sakatI hai| nimnalikhita padya meM yahI bhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai ettha sujjhati kira suvaNNaM pi / vaisANara-muha-gatauM / kauM prAvu mittassa vaMcaNa | kAvAliya-vrata-dharaNe / eu eu sujjhejjaNahi // tathAdhavala-cAhaNa-dhavala-dehassa sire bhramiti jA vimala-jalA dhavalujjala sA bhaDArI / yati gaMga prAvesi tuhu~' mitra-dromu to NAma sujjhti|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa uttarApatha meM takSazilA nAma kI nagarI kA varNana hai| dharmacakra' se yaha zobhita thii| sUryAsta ke pazcAt sandhyA kA abhinava varNana dekhiye Dajjhira-tila-dhaya - samihA - taDataDA-sahaiMmaMta-jAya-maMDavesu, gaMbhIraveya-paDhaNa-ravaiM baMbhaNa-sAlisu,maNahara-akkhittayA-geyaiM raddabhavaNesu, galla-phoDaNa-ravaI dhammiya-maDhesu, ghaMTA-Damaruya-sadaiM kAvAliyagharesu, toDahiyA-pukkariyaiM cacara-sivesu, bhagavayagIyAguNaNadhaNIo AvasahAsu, sabbhUyaguNa-raiyaiMthui-thottaiM jiNaharesu, eyaMta-karuNA-NibaddhatthaI vayaNaI buddha-vihAresuM, caliya-mahallaghaMTAkhaDahaDao koTTajjA-gharesu, sihi kukkuDa-caDaya-ravaI chammuhAlaesu, maNahara-kAmiNI-gIya-muraya-ravaI tuMga-devagharesuM ti / , -maMtra-jApa ke maMDapoM meM jalate hue tila, ghI aura kASTha ke jalane kA tar3atar3a zabda, brAhmaNoM kI zAlAoM meM jora-jora se vedapATha kA svara, rudrabhavanoM meM manohara aura AkarSaka gItoM kA svara, dhArmika maThoM meM galA phAr3akara par3hane kA zabda, kApAlikagharoM meM ghaMTA aura DamarU kA zabda, caurAhoM ke zivasthAnoM meM toDahiA nAmaka vAdya kA zabda, saMnyAsiyoM ke maThoM (Avasaha) meM bhagavadgItA ko gunane kA zabda, jinamaMdiroM meM sarvabhUtaguNaracita stuti aura stotroM kA zabda, buddha-vihAroM meM karuNApUrNa vacanoM kA zabda, kokiriyA (koTTajA-durgA) ke maMdiroM meM bar3e-bar3e ghaMToM kA zabda, kArtikeya-maMdiroM meM mayUra, kukkuTa aura caTaka pakSiyoM kA zabda, tathA U~ce-U~ce devAlayoM meM sundara kAminiyoM ke gItoM aura mRdaMgoM kA zabda sunAI de rahA thaa| isa prasaMga para rAtri ke samaya eka ora vidagdha kAminIjana kA aura dUsarI ora saMsAra se vairAgya bhAva ko prApta sAdhujanoM kI pravRttiyoM kA eka hI zloka meM sAtha-sAtha sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| koI nAyikA rAtri ke samaya apane pati se milane ke lie 1. AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 180 ityAdi meM isakI kathA AtI hai|

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kuvalayamAlA 421 Atura ho nikala par3I hai, usa samaya koI rAjA veSa-parivartana kara rAta meM ghUma rahA hai / nAyikA ko dekhakara vaha pUchatA hai suMdari ghorA rAI hatthe gahiyaM pi dIsae Neya | . sAhasu majma phuDaM ciya suyaNu tumaM kattha caliyA si|| -he sudari ! isa ghora rAtri meM jaba ki hAtha kI vastu bhI dikhAI nahIM detI, tU kahA~ jA rahI hai, mujhe sAphasApha btaa| nAyikA uttara detI hai caliyA mi tattha suMdara jattha jaNo hiyaya-vallaho vasai / bhaNasu ya jaM bhaNiyavyaM ahavA maggaM mamaM desu // -he suMdara ! maiM vahA~ jA rahI hU~ jahA~ merA priyatama rahatA hai / jo kahanA ho kaho, nahIM vo mujhe jAne kA mArga do / rAjA-suMdarI ghorA corA sUrA ya bhamaMti rakkhasA roddA / ___ eyaM maha khuDai maNe kaha tANa tumaM Na bohesi / / -he suMdara ! bar3e bhayaMkara zUravIra cora tathA raudra rAkSasa rAta ko paryaTana karate haiN| mere mana meM yahI ho rahA hai ki Akhira tumheM bhaya kyoM nahIM lagatA ? nAyikA-NayaNesu daMsaNa-suhaM aMge harisaM guNA ya hiyayammi | daiyANurAya-bharie suhaya ! bhayaM kattha alliyu|| -mere nayanoM meM darzana kA sukha, mere aMga meM harSa aura priyatama ke anurAga se pulakita mere hRdaya meM guNa vidyamAna haiM, phira he subhaga! bhaya kisa bAta kA ? __isa para rAjA ne kahA, sundari ! tuma Daro mata, maiM tumhArI rakSA kruuNgaa| itane meM udhara se usakA pati AtA huA dIkha par3A / usane apanI priyatamA kI rakSA karane ke upalakSa meM rAjA ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa kii| pATaliputra meM dhaNa nAma kA eka vaNikaputra rahatA thaa| vaha dhanArjana karane ke lie yAnapAtra se ratnadvIpa ke lie ravAnA huaa| mArga meM jahAz2a phaTa jAne ke kAraNa vaha kuDaMga nAmaka dvIpa meM

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422 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jAkara lgaa| isa prasaMga para kathAkAra ne jaladhi kI saMsAra se upamA dete hue muni ke mukha se dharma kA upadeza dilAyA hai| Age calakara majjana-vApI meM krIDA kA sundara varNana hai / varSA Rtu kA citraNa dekhiye gajjati ghaNA paccaMti barahiNo vijjulA valavalei / rukkhagge ya balAyA pahiyA ya gharesu vaccaMti / / juSpati NaMgalAiM bhajjati pavAo viyasae kuddo| vAsAratto patto gAmesu dharAiM chajjati // -bAdala gar3agar3A rahe haiM, mora nAca rahe haiM, bijalI camaka rahI hai, baguloM kI paMkti vRkSa para baiThI hai, pathika ghara lauTa rahe haiM, hala jota die gaye haiM, pAnI kI pyAU tor3a dI gaI hai, kuTaja vRkSa vikasita ho rahe haiM, varSAkAla A jAne para gA~voM ke ghara sundara dikhAI de rahe haiN| prazasta tithi, karaNa, nakSatra, lagna aura yoga meM sitacaMdana aura vastra dhAraNa karake vyApArI loga samudra-yAtrA ke lie yAnapAtra meM savAra hote the| usa samaya paTahoM kI ghoSaNA hotI, brAhmaNa pATha par3hate, jaya-jayakAra zabda hotA, samudra-devatA kI pUjA kI jAtI aura anukUla pavana hone para jahAja prasthAna krtaa| grISma Rtu ke sambandha meM eka ukti hai so Nasthi koi jIvo jayammi sayalammi jo Na gimhaNa / saMtAvio jahicchaM ekkaM ciya rAsahaM mottuM // -samasta saMsAra meM aisA kauna hai jo grISma se vyAkula na hotA ho ? eka gadhA hI aisA hai jo apanI icchA se saMtApa ko sahana karatA hai| yakSa ke mastaka para jinendra bhagavAn kI pratimA hone kA ullekha hai| narmadA ke dakSiNa taTa para deyADaI nAma kI mahA aTavI, tathA ujjayinI nagarI kA varNana hai| indramaha, divAlI, devakulayAtrA aura baladeva Adi utsavoM aura puNDrekSuvana kA ullekha hai|

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kuvalayamAlA 423 yahA~ se kuvalayamAlA kA AkhyAna AraMbha hotA hai| nagara kI mahilAyeM apane ghar3oM meM pAnI bhara kara le jAtI huI kuvalayamAlA ke sauMdarya kI carcA karatI calatI haiN| ayodhyAvAsI kArpaTika veSadhArI rAjakumAra kuvalayacaMda kuvalayamAlA kI khoja meM vijayA nAma kI nagarI meM AyA huA hai| kuvalayamAlA kA samAcAra jAnane ke lie vaha caTToM (chAtroM) ke kisI maTha meM praveza karatA hai| isa maTha meM lADa, kannaDa, mAlava, kannauja, golla, marahaThTha, soraha, Dhakka, zrIkaMTha aura siMdhudeza ke chAtra rahate hai| yahA~ dhanurveda, DhAla, asi, zara, lakar3I, DaMDA, kuMta Adi calAne, tathA lakuTiyuddha, bAhuyuddha, niyuddha ( mallayuddha), Alekhya, gIta, vAditra, bhANa, DoMbilliya (DoMbikA) aura siggaDa (ziMgaTaka ) Adi vidyAoM kI zikSA dI jAtI thii| vyAkhyAnamaMDaliyoM meM vyAkaraNa, buddhadarzana, sAMkhyadarzana, vaizeSikadarzana, mImAMsA, nyAyadarzana, anekAMtavAda tathA laukAyatikoM ke darzana para vyAkhyAna hote the| yahA~ ke upAdhyAya atyaMta kuzala the aura ve nimitta, maMtra, yoga, aMjana, dhAtuvAda, yakSiNI-siddhi, gAruDa, jyotiSa, svapna, rasa, baMdha, rasAyana, chaMda, nirukta, patracchedya ( patraracanA), indrajAla, daMtakarma, lepakarma, citrakarma, kanakakarma, bhUta, taMtrakarma Adi zAstra par3hAte the| 1. hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana (8.4) meM DoMbikA, bhANa, prasthAna, ziMgaka, bhANikA, preraNa, rAmAkrIDa, hallIsaka, rAsaka, goSThI, zrIgadita aura kAvya ye geya ke bheda batAye haiN| abhinavabhAratI (1, pRSTha 183 ) meM DoMbikA kA nimnalikhita lakSaNa kiyA hai channAnurAgagarbhAbhiruktibhiyaMtra bhUpateH / Avajyate manaH sA tu mamRNA DoMbikA matA // Sidka kA lakSaNa dekhiye___ sakhyAH samakSaM bharturyaduddhataM vRttamucyate / masUNaM ca kvacidhUrta-caritaM Sivastu yaH // 2. kuTTinImata (zloka 236) aura kAdaMbarI (pR0 126, kAle

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424 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa chAtroM kA varNana dekhiye karaghAyakuDilakesA nnihyclnnpphaarpihulNgaa| uNNayabhuyasiharAlA parapiMDaparUDhabahumaMsA // dhammatthakAmarahiyA baMdhavadhaNamittavajiyA dUraM / keittha jovvaNatthA bAlaJciya pavasiyA ke vi|| parajuvaidaMsaNamaNA suhayattaNarUvagaThiyA dUraM / uttANavayaNaNayaNA ittaannugghtttt-bhtttthoruu|| -apane ulajhe hue kezoM ko hAtha se phaTakArane vAle, pairoM ke nirdaya prahAra pUrvaka calane vAle, pRthu zarIra vAle, unnata bhujazikhara vAle, dUsare kA bhojana karake puSTa mAMsavAle, dharma, artha aura kAma se rahita, bAMdhava, dhana aura mitroM dvArA dUra se hI varjita; koI yuvA the aura koI bAlyAvasthA meM hI yahA~ cale Aye the; para-yuvatiyoM ko dekhane ke liye utsuka, subhaga hone ke kAraNa rUpa se garviSTha, mukha aura nayanoM ko Upara uThAkara tAkane vAle tathA sundara, cikanI aura masRNa jaMghAvAle (chAtra vahA~ rahate the)| vidyA, vijJAna aura vinaya se rahita ina chAtroM kA Apasa meM asaMbaddha akSara-pralApa' sunakara kumAra ko bahuta burA lgaa| kA saMskaraNa) meM patracchedya kA ullekha hai| kAle mahodaya ke anusAra bhitti athavA bhUmi ko citrita karane kI kalA ko patracchedya kahate haiN| kaoNvela ke anusAra isa kalA ke dvArA pattoM ko kATakara unake sundara DijAina banAye jAte the; dekhiye I0 jI0 thaoNmasa kA buleTina skUla oNva oriMTiela sTaDIz2a (jilda 6, pR0 515-7 ) meM lekha / 2. isa vArtAlApa se tatkAlIna bhASA para prakAza par3atA hai allINo kumaaro| jaMpio pytto| rere, Aroha (= ullaMTha) bhaNa re jAva Na pamhusai / janArdana, pracchaDaM kattha tumbhe kalla jimiyllyaa| teNa bhaNiyaM 'sAhilaM je te tao tassa valakkhaellayaha kirADahaM (kirADa = baniyA) taNae jimiyllyaa| teNa bhaNiyaM

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kuvalayamAlA 425 isake bAda chAtroM meM Apasa meM kuvalayamAlA ke sambandha meM carcA hone lagI__eka chAtra ne kahA-kyA tumheM rAjakula kA vRttAMta mAlUma hai ? saba chAtra vyAghrasvAmI se pUchane lage-"he vyAghrasvAmi ! bolo, rAjakula kA kyA samAcAra hai ?" vyAghrasvAmI-puruSadveSiNI kuvalayamAlA ne ( samasyApUrti ke 'lie) gAthA kA eka caraNa laTakAyA hai| yaha sunakara eka chAtra jaldI se uThakara kahane lagA-yadi isameM pAMDitya kA prazna hai to kuvalayamAlA kA mere sAtha vivAha honA caahiye| dUsare ne pUchA-are ! terA vaha kauna sA pAMDitya hai ? ( are kavaNu tau paannddityu)| usane uttara diyA-maiM SaDAMga veda kA adhyayana karatA hU~, triguNa maMtra par3hatA huuN| dUsare chAtra ne kahA-are! triguNa maMtroM se vivAha nahIM hotaa| jo ThIka taraha se caraNa kI pUrti kara de usake sAtha vivAha hogaa| 'kiM sA visesa-mahilA vlkkhielliy'| teNa bhaNiyaM 'aha hA, sA ya bhaDAriya saMpUrNasvalakkhaNa gAyatri ( = sAvitrI) yadRsiya' / apaNeNa bhaNiyaM varNiNa kIdRzaM tatra bhojanaM / ' aNNeNa bhaNiyaM 'cAI bhaTTo, mama bhojana spRSTaM, vakSako haM, na vaasuki'| aNNeNa bhaNiyaM 'kattu ghaDati tau, haddhaya ullAva, bhojana spRSTa svanAma siMghasi' / aNNeNa bhaNiyaM 'are re baDDo mahAmUrkha, ye pATaliputramahAnagaravAstavye te kutthA samAsokti bujhNti'| aNNeNa bhaNiyaM 'asmAdapi iyaM 'muurkhtrii'| aNNeNa bhaNiyaM 'kAI kajju (= kaary)|' teNa bhaNiyaM 'anipuNa-nipuNAthokti-pracura (= arthoktiprcur)|' teNa bhaNiyaM 'bhara kAI mAM mukta, ambopi vidigdhaH saMti / ' aNNeNa bhaNiyaM 'bhaTTo, satyaM tvaM vidagdhaH, kiM puNu bhojane spRSTa mAma kathita / teNa bhaNiyaM 'are mahAmUrkha, vAsukervadanasahastraM kathayati /

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426 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dUsarA chAtra-maiM ThIka taraha se gAthA pddhuuNgaa| anya chAtra (vyAghrasvAmI se)-are vyAghrasvAmi ! kyA tU gAthA par3hatA hai ? vyAghrasvAmI-hA~, yaha hai gAthA sA tu bhavatu suprItA abudhasya kuto balaM / yasya yasya yadA bhUmi sarvatra madhusUdana / / yaha sunakara eka dUsarA chAtra gusse se kahane lagA are mUrkha ! skandha' ko bhI gAthA kahatA hai ? kyA hamase gAthA nahIM sunanA cAhate ho ? chAtroM ne kahA-bhaTTayajusvAmi ! tuma apanI gAthA sunAo / bhaTTayajusvAmI-lo, par3hatA hU~ AI kaji matta gaya godAvari Na muyaMti / ko tahu desahu Avatai ko va parANai vatta // yaha sunakara chAtroM ne kahA-are ! hama zloka nahIM pUchate, hameM gAthA par3hakara sunaao| bhaTTayajusvAmI ne nimna gAthA sunAI taMbola-raiya-rAo aharo dRSTavA kAmini-janassa / amhaM ciya khubhai maNo dAridra-gurU NivArei / / yaha sunakara saba chAtra kahane lage ahA! bhaTTayajusvAmI kA vidagdha pANDitya hai, usane bar3I vidvattApUrNa gAthA par3hI hai, isake sAtha avazya hI kuvalayamAlA kA vivAha hogaa| 1. yaha gAthAchaMda kA hI eka prakAra hai aura isameM 32 mAtrAyeM hotI haiN| dekhiye hemacandra kA chandonuzAsana, pRSTha 28 ba, paMkti 14 / sAhityadarpaNakAra ne isakA lakSaNa kiyA hai skaMdhakamiti tatkathitaM yatra catuSkalagaNASTakenAdhaM syAt / tattulyamagrimadalaM bhavati catuSpaSTimAtrakazarIramidaM // (3, pRSTha 164 TIkA)

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kuvalayamAlA 427 yahA~ 18 dezI bhASAoM kA ullekha hai| ye bhASAyeM golla, Adi dezoM meM bolI jAtI thiiN| golladeza (godAvarI ke AsapAsa kA pradeza) ke loga kRSNavarNa, niSThura vacanavAle, bahuta kAma-bhogI (bahuka-samarabhuMjae) aura nirlajja hote the; ve loga 'aDDe' kA prayoga karate the| magadha ke vAsI peTa nikale hue (NIhariyapoTTa), durvarNa, kada meM choTe (maDahae) tathA suratakrIDA meM tallIna rahate the ve 'ege le' kA prayoga karate the| aMtarvedi (gaGgA aura yamunA ke bIca kA pradeza) pradeza ke rahanevAle kapila raMga ke, piMgala netravAle tathA khAna-pAna aura aura gapazapa meM lage rahanevAle hote the; ve 'kitto kimmo' zabda kA prayoga karate the| kIradezavAsI U~cI aura moTI nAkavAle, kanaka varNavAle, aura bhAravAhI hote the; ve 'sari pAri' kA prayoga karate the| Dhakkadeza ke vAsI dAkSiNya, dAna, pauruSa, vijJAna aura dayArahita hote the, ve 'ehaM teha' kA prayoga karate the / siMdhudeza ke loga lalita, aura mRdubhASI, saMgItapriya aura apane deza ko priya samajhate the; ve 'cauDaya' zabda kA prayoga karate the| marudezavAsI vakra, jaDa, ujaDDu, bahubhojI, tathA kaThina, pIna aura phUle hue zarIravAle hote the; ve 'appA tuppAM' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| gurjaradezavAsI ghI aura makkhana khA-khA kara puSTa hue, dharmaparAyaNa, sandhi aura vigraha meM nipuNa hote the| ve 'Nau re bhalla" zabdoM kA prayoga karate the / lATadeza ke vAsI snAna karane ke pazcAt sugandhita dravyoM kA lepa karate, apane bAla acchI taraha kAr3hate, aura unakA zarIra suzobhita rahatA thA; ve 'amhaM kAuM tumha' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| mAlavA ke loga tanu, zyAma aura choTe zarIravAle, krodhI, mAnI aura raudra hote the; ve 'bhAuya bhaiNI tumhe' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| karNATaka ke loga utkaTa darpavAle maithunapriya, raudra aura pataGgavRtti vAle hote the; ve 'aDi pADi mare' 1. nA re, bhalu Adi kA gujarAtI meM prayoga hotA hai|

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kara8 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| tAiya (tAjika) deza ke vAsI kaMcuka (kuppAsa) se AvRta zarIravAle, mAMsa meM ruci rakhanevAle, tathA madirA aura madana meM tallIna rahate the; ve 'isi kisi misi' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| kozala ke vAsI sarvakalA-sampanna, mAnI, jaldI krodha karanevAle aura kaThina zarIravAle hote the; ve 'jala tala le" zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| marahaha deza ke vAsI maz2abUta, choTe, aura zyAmala aGgavAle, sahanazIla tathA abhimAna aura kalaha karanevAle hote the; ye 'diNNalle gahiyalle2 zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| AMdhradezavAsI mahilA-priya, saMgrAma-priya, sundara zarIravAle tathA raudra bhojana karanevAle hote the; ve 'aTi puTi rahiM' zabdoM kA prayoga karate the| kumAra kuvalayacaMda dvArA kuvalayamAlA dvArA ghoSita pAda kI pUrti kara diye jAne para kuvalayamAlA kumAra ke gale meM kusumoM kI mAlA DAla detI hai| tatpazcAt zubha nakSatra aura zubha muhUrta meM bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha donoM kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| vAsagRha meM zayyA sajAI jAtI hai| kuvalayamAlA kI sakhiyA~ use chor3akara jAne lagatI haiN| kuvalayamAlA unheM sambodhita karake kahatI hai mA mA muMcasu etthaM piyasahi ekkalliyaM vaNamai vva | -he priya sakhiyoM! mujhe vana-mRgI ke samAna yahA~ akelI chor3akara mata jaao| sakhiyA~ uttara detI haiMiya ekkiyAo suiraM amhe vi hojasu / -he sakhi! hameM bhI yaha ekAnta prApta karane kA saubhAgya mile| kuvalayamAlA-romaMcakaMpiyaMsiNaMjariyaMmAmuMcaha piyshiio| 1. gaitala Adi pUrvI bhASAoM meN| 2. dilA, ghetalA Adi marAThI meN|

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kuvalayamAlA 426 -he priya sakhiyoM ! romAMca se kampita, svedayukta aura jvarapIr3ita mujhe yahA~ chor3akara mata bhaago| sakhiyA~-tujha pai ciya vejjo jarayaM avaNehI eso| -tumhArA pati hI vaidya hai, vaha tumhArI jvara kI pIr3A dUra kregaa| tatpazcAt kuvalayacanda aura kuvalayamAlA ke premapUrNa vinoda aura ukti-pratyukti Adi kA sarasa varNana hai| donoM paheliyA~ bUjhate haiN| biMdUmati (jisameM Adi aura antima akSaroM ko chor3akara bAkI akSaroM ke sthAna para kevala biMdu diye jAte haiM, aura ina binduoM ko akSaroM se bhara kara gAthA pUrI kI jAtI hai), aviDaa (yaha battIsa koThoM meM vyasta-samasta rUpa se likhA jAtA hai ), praznottara, Atatata, gUDhottara Adi ke dvArA ve manoraJjana karate rahe / saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, paizAcI, mAgadhI, rAkSasI aura mizra bhASAoM kA ullekha bhI kavi ne yahA~ kiyA hai| prathamAkSara racita gAthA kA udAharaNa dANadayAdakkhiNNA sommA payaIe savvasattANaM / haMsi vva suddhapakkhA teNa tumaM daMsaNijjAsi // isa gAthA ke tInoM caraNoM ke prathama akSara lene se 'dAsoha' rUpa banatA hai / eka patra kA namUnA dekhiye 'satthi / aujmApuravarIo mahArAyAhirAya-paramesara-daDhavamme vijayapurIe dIhAuyaM kumAra-kuvalayacandaM mahindaM ca sasiNehaM avagUhiUNa lihai | jahA tuma viraha-jaliya-jAlAvalI-kalAvakarAliya-sarIrassa Nasthi me suha, teNa siggha-sigghayaraM avvassaM aagNtvvN'| -svasti / ayodhyAnagarI se mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara kRr3havarmA vijayapurI ke dIrghAyu kumAra kuvalayacanda aura mahendra ko sasneha AliMgana pUrvaka likhatA hai ki tumhArI virahAgni meM prajvalita isa zarIra ko sukha nahIM, ataeva tuma phaurana hI jarUrajarUra yahA~ cale aao|

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mUlazuddhiprakaraNa 431 mUlazuddhiprakaraNa mUlazuddhiprakaraNa kA dUsarA nAma sthAnakaprakaraNa hai jisake kartA pradyumnasUri haiM, ye IsavI san kI 10vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN| yaha graMtha padyAtmaka hai| isa para hemacandra AcArya ke guru devacandrasUri ne 11vIM zatAbdI meM TIkA racI hai| AraMbha kI gAthAoM meM guru ke upadeza aura samyaktvazuddhi kA varNana hai| TIkAkAra ne ArdrakakumAra, AryakhapuTAcArya, Arya mahAgiri, elakAkSa, gajAprapada parvata kI utpatti, bhIma-mahAbhIma, ArAmazobhA, zikharasena, sulasA (apabhraMza bhASA meM), zrIdhara, indradatta, pRthvIsAra kIrtideva, jinadAsa, kArtikazreSThi, raMgAyaNamalla, jinadeva, kulaputraka, devAnandA, aura dhanya Adi kathAnakoM kA varNana kiyA hai| prathama sthAnaka meM granthakartA ne jinabimba kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa, akSata, phala, ghRta Adi dvArA jinapratimA ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| kathAkoSaprakaraNa (kahANayakosa) kathAkoSaprakaraNa suprasiddha zvetAMbara AcArya jinezvarasUri kI racanA hai jise unhoMne vi0 saM0 1108 (san 1052) meM likhakara samApta kiyA thaa| surasundarIcariya ke kartA dhanezvara, navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri aura mahAvIracariya ke kartA guNacaMdra gaNi Adi aneka dhuraMdhara jaina vidvAnoM ne yugapradhAna jinezvarasUri kA bar3e Adara ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| jinezvarasUri ne dUra-dUra taka bhramaNa kiyA thA aura vizeSakara gujarAta, mAlavA aura rAjasthAna inakI pravRttiyoM ke kendra the| inhoMne aura bhI aneka prAkRta aura saMskRta ke graMthoM kI racanA kI hai jinameM haribhadrakRta aSTaka para vRtti, paMcaliMgIprakaraNa, vIracaritra aura 1. siMdhI jaina granthamAlA meM paMDita amRtalAla bhojaka dvArA saMpAdita hokara yaha prakAzita ho rahA hai| isake kucha pRSTha muni jinavijaya jI kI kRpA se dekhane kA saubhAgya mujhe prApta huA hai|

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432 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nirvANalIlAvatIkathA Adi mukhya haiN| kahANayakosa meM 30 gAthAyeM haiM aura inake Upara prAkRta meM TIkA hai jisameM 36 mukhya aura 4-5 avAMtara kathAyeM haiN| ye kathAyeM prAyaH prAcIna jaina granthoM se lI gaI haiM jinheM lekhaka ne apanI bhASA meM nibaddha kiyA hai| kucha kathAyeM svayaM jinezvarasUri kI likhI huI mAlUma hotI haiN| jinapUjA, sAdhudAna, jainadharma meM utsAha Adi kA pratipAdana karane ke liye hI ina kathAoM kI racanA kI gaI hai| ina kathAoM meM tatkAlIna samAja, AcAra-vicAra, rAjanIti Adi kA sarasa varNana milatA hai| kathAoM kI bhASA sarala aura bodhagamya hai, samAsapadAvalI, anAvazyaka zabdADaMbara aura alaMkAroM kA prayoga yahA~ nahIM hai| kahIM apabhraMza ke bhI padya haiM jinameM cauppadikA (caupAI) kA ullekha hai| zukamithuna, nAgadatta, jinadatta, sUrasena, zrImAlI aura roranArI ke kathAnakoM meM jinapUjA kA mahattva batAyA hai| nAgadatta ke kathAnaka meM gAruDazAstra ke zlokoM kA uddharaNa dekara sarpa se Dase hue AdamI ko jIvita karane kA ullekha hai| sarpa kA viSa utArane ke liye mastaka ko tAr3ita karanA, bAI ora ke nathune meM cAra aMgula kI DorI phirAnA aura nAbhi meM rAkha lagAkara use u~galI se ragar3anA Adi prayoga kiye jAte the| striyA~ pati ke marane para agni meM jalakara satI ho jAtI thiiN| jinadatta ke kathAnaka meM dhanurveda kA ullekha hai / yahA~ AlIDha, pratyAlIDha, siMhAsana, maMDalAvarta Adi prayogoM kA nirdeza hai| sUrasena ke kathAnaka meM AdhI rAta ke samaya zmazAna meM apane mAMsa ko kATakara athavA kAtyAyanI devI ke samakSa apane mAMsa kI Ahuti dekara deva kI ArAdhanA se putrotpatti hone kA ullekha hai / Ayurveda ke anusAra putralAbha kI vidhi kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| siMhakumAra kA kathAnaka kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| yahA~ gaMdharvakalA kA pratipAdana karate hue taMtrIsamuttha, veNusamuttha aura manujasamuttha nAmaka nAdoM kA varNana hai| nAda

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kathAkoSaprakaraNa 433 kA utthAna kaise hotA hai ? svara bheda kaise hote haiM ? aura grAma, mUrcchanA Adi rAgabheda kitane prakAra ke hote haiM ? Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana hai| phira bharatazAstra meM ullikhita 64 hastaka aura 4 bhrUbhaGgoM ke sAtha tArA, kapola, nAsA, adhara, payodhara, calana Adi bhaGgoM ke abhinaya kA nirdeza hai| isa kathAnaka kI eka avAMtara kathA dekhiye kisI strI kA pati paradeza gayA huA thaa| vaha apane pIhara meM rahane lagI thii| eka dina apane bhavana ke Upara kI maMjila meM baiThI huI vaha apane keza sa~vAra rahI thI ki itane meM eka rAjakumAra usa rAste se hokara gujraa| donoM kI dRSTi eka huii| suMdarI ko dekhakara rAjakumAra ne eka subhASita par3hA aNurUvaguNaM aNuruvajovvaNaM mANusaM na jassasthi / kiM teNa jiyaMteNa pi mAni navaraM mao eso|| -jisa strI ke anurUpa guNa aura anurUpa yauvanavAlA puruSa nahIM hai, usake jIne se kyA lAbha ? use to mRtaka hI samajhanA caahiye| strI ne uttara diyApari jiuMna yANai lacchiM pattaM pi punnnnprihiinno| vikkamarasA hu purisA muMjaMti paresu lacchIo // -puNyahIna puruSa lakSmI kA upabhoga karanA nahIM jaantaa| sAhasI puruSa hI parAI lakSmI kA upabhoga kara sakate haiN| rAjakumAra sundarI kA abhiprAya samajha gyaa| eka bAra vaha rAtri ke samaya gavAkSa meM se car3hakara usake bhavana meM pahu~cA, aura pIche se Akara usane usa sundarI kI A~kheM mIca liiN| sundarI ne kahA mama hiyayaM hariUNaMgaosi re kiM na jANio taM si / saccaM acchinimIlaNamiseNa aMdhArayaM kuNasi // tA bAhulayApAsaM dalAmi kaMThammi aja nibbhaMtaM / sumarasu ya iTThadevaM payaDasu purisattaNaM ahvaa|| 28 prA0 sA0

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434 . prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -tU kyA nahIM jAnatA ki tU mere hRdaya ko curAkara le gayA thA, aura aba merI A~kheM mIcane ke bahAne tU sacamuca a~dherA kara rahA hai ? Aja maiM apane bAhupAza ko tere kaNTha meM DAla rahI huuN| tU apane iSTadeva kA smaraNa kara, yA phira apane puruSArtha kA pradarzana kr| 'isa prakAra donoM meM premapUrNa vArtAlApa hotA rhaa| kumAra rAta bhara vahA~ rahA aura subaha hone ke pahale hI apane sthAna ko lauTa gyaa| subaha hone para dAsI dAtauna-pAnI lekara apanI mAlakina ke kamare meM AI, lekina mAlakina gaharI nIMda meM soI par3I thii| dAsI ne socA ki jisa strI kA pati paradeza gayA hai, usakA itanI dera taka sonA acchA nhiiN| vaha cupacApa usake pAsa baiTha gii| kucha samaya bAda usake jAgane para dAsI ne pUchA "svAmini ! Aja itanI dera taka Apa kyoM sotI rhiiN|" "pati ke viyoga meM sArI rAta nIMda nahIM aaii| saverA hone para abhI-abhI A~kha lagI thii|" "svAmini ! Apake oThoM meM yaha kyA ho gayA hai ?" "ThaMDha se phaTa gaye haiN|" "svAmini ! ApakI A~khoM kA kAjala kyoM phaila gayA hai ?" "pati ke viyoga meM maiM rAta bhara rotI rahI, maiMne A~kheM mala lI haiN|" "tumhAre zarIra para ye nakhakSata kaise haiM?" __"pati ke viyoga meM maiMne apane ApakA gAr3ha AliMgana kiyA hai|" "to phira kala se maiM tere pAsa hI soU~gI aura hama eka dUsare kA AliMgana. karake soyeNge|" "chiH chiH! pativratA strI ke liye yaha anucita hai| "svAmini ! Aja tumhArA kezoM kA jUr3A kyoM zithila dikhAI de rahA hai ?"

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kathAkoSaprakaraNa 435 "bahana ! tU bar3I cAlAka mAlUma hotI hai, tU kaise-kaise prazna pUcha rahI hai ? pagalI ! pati ke abhAva meM zayyA tapta bAlU ke samAna pratIta ho rahI thI, isaliye sArI rAta idhara-udhara karavaTa lete hue bItI, jisase mere kezoM kA jUr3A zithila ho gayA hai| kyA isa prakAra ke prazna pUcha kara tU mere zvazurakula ke nAza kI icchA karatI hai ?" "chiH chiH svAmini ! aisA mata samajho ki isase tumhAre zvasurakula kA nAza hogA, isase to usakA utkarSa hI hogaa|" zAlibhadra kI kathA jaina sAhitya meM suprasiddha hai| eka bAra kI bAta hai, kisI dUra deza se bahumUlya kaMbaloM (rayaNakaMbala) ke vyApArI rAjagRha meM Aye / vyApAriyoM ne apane kaMbala rAjA zreNika ko dikhaaye| lekina kaMbaloM kA mUlya bahuta adhika thA, isaliye rAjA ne unheM nahIM kharIdA | rAnI celanA ne kahA, kama se kama eka kaMbala to mere lie le do, lekina zreNika ne manA kara diyaa| usI nagara meM zAlibhadra kI vidhavA mAtA bhadrA rahatI thii| vyApAriyoM ne use apane kaMbala dikhAye aura bhadrA ne unake saba kaMbala kharIda liye| idhara kaMbala na milane ke kAraNa rAnI celanA rUTha gii| yaha dekhakara rAjA ne una vyApAriyoM ko phira bulaayaa| lekina unhoMne kahA ki una saba kaMbaloM ko bhadrA ne kharIda liyA hai| isa para rAjA ne apane eka karmacArI ko bhadrA ke ghara bhejakara apanI rAnI ke liye eka kaMbala maMgavAyA | bhadrA ne uttara meM kahalavAyA ki kaMbala dene meM to koI bAta nahIM, lekina maiMne unheM phAr3akara apanI bahuoM ke pA~va poMchane ke liye pAyadAna banavA liye haiN| rAjA yaha jAnakara bar3A prasanna huA ki usake rAjya meM itane bar3e-bar3e seTha-sAhukAra rahate haiN| eka dina bhadrA ne rAjA zreNika aura usakI rAnI celanA ko apane ghara Ane kA nimaMtraNa diyaa| rAjA ke svAgata ke liye usane rAjamahala ke

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436 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa siMhadvAra se apane ghara taka ke rAjamArga ko sajAne kI vyavasthA kii| pahale usane balliyA~ khar3I kI, una para bA~sa bichAye, bA~soM para khappace DAlI aura unheM sutaliyoM se kasakara bA~dha diyA / una para khasa kI TaTTiyA~ bichAI gaI, donoM ora draviDadeza ke vastroM ke candove bA~dhe gye| hArAvaliyA~ laTakA kara kaMculiyA~ banAI gaI, jAliyoM meM vaiDUrya laTakAye gaye, sone ke jhUmake bA~dhe gaye, puSpagRha banAyA gayA, aura bIca-bIca meM toraNa laTakAye gaye | z2amIna para sugaMdhita jala kA chir3akAva kiyA gayA, jagaha-jagaha dhUpadAna rakkhe gaye, aura sarvatra paharedAra niyukta kara diye gye| vilAsiniyAM maMgalAcAra gAne lagI, gIta-vAditroM kI dhvani sunAI par3ane lagI aura nATaka dikhAye jAne lge| __ bhadrA kI koThI meM praveza karate hue rAjA ne donoM tarapha banI huI ghur3asAla aura hastizAlA dekhI / bhavana meM praveza karane para pahalI maMjila meM bahumUlya vastuoM kA bhaMDAra dekhA / dUsarI maMjila para dAsa-dAsI bhojana-pAna kI sAmagrI juTAne meM lage the / tIsarI maMjila para rasoiye rasoI kI taiyArI kara rahe thekoI supArI kATa rahA thA aura koI pAna kA bIr3A banA kara usameM kesara, kastUrI Adi rakha rahA thaa| cauthI maMjila para sone-baiThane aura bhojana karane kI zAlAyeM thIM, aura pAsa ke koThoM meM aneka prakAra kA sAmAna bharA par3A thaa| pAMcavIM maMjila para eka atyanta sundara bagIcA thA, jahA~ snAna karane ke liye eka puSkariNI banI thii| zreNika aura celanA ne isa puSkariNI meM jalakrIDA kI | phira caityapUjA ke pazcAt nAnA prakAra ke svAdiSTa vyaJjanoM se unakA satkAra kiyA gyaa| usake bAda cilamacI (paDiggaha-patagraha ) meM unake hAtha dhulavAye gaye, dAMta sApha karane ke liye dAMta-kuredanI dI gaI aura hAtha poMchane ke liye sugandhita tauliye upasthita kiye gaye | isa samaya zAlibhadra bhI vahA~ A pahu~cA thA | use dekhate hI rAjA ne use apane bhujA.

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kathAkoSaprakaraNa pAza meM bhara kara apanI goda meM baiThA liyA | phira bhadrA ne rAjA ko bahumUlya hAthI, ghor3e Adi kI bheMTa dekara bidA kiyaa| anta meM zAlibhadra ne apanI badhuoM ke sAtha mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~ca kara zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| sAdhudAna kA phala prApta karanevAloM meM zAlibhadra ke sivAya, kRtapuNya, AryA candanA, mUladeva Adi kI bhI kathAe~ kahI gaI haiM / kRtapuNya aura mUladeva kI kathAoM ke prasaMga meM vezyAoM kA varNana hai| vezyAoM kI mAtAyeM vAiyA (hindI meM bAI) kahI jAtI thiiN| mUladeva ke kathAnaka se mAlUma hotA hai ki dhanika loga gaMDeriyoM ko kAMTe (sUlA) se khAte the| sundarIkathAnaka se patA calatA hai ki machue, zikArI Adi nimna jAti ke loga jainadharma ke anuyAyI aba nahIM raha gaye the; zreSThI, sArthavAha, Adi madhyama aura ucca zreNI ke loga hI prAyaH jainadharma kA pAlana karate the| manorathakathAnaka meM zramaNopAsakoM meM paraspara dAnasaMbandhI carcA kA ullekha hai / hariNakathAnaka meM dvArakA nagarI ke vinAza kI kathA hai / subhadrAkathAnaka meM batAyA hai ki sAgaradatta dvArA jainadharma svIkAra kara lene ke bAda hI subhadrA ke mAtA-pitA ne apanI kanyA kA vivAha usake sAtha kiyA / yahA~ sAsU-bahU tathA jaina aura bauddha bhikSuoM kI pArasparika kalaha kA AbhAsa milatA hai| manoramAkathAnaka meM zrAvastI kA rAjA kisI nagara ke vyApArI kI patnI ko apanI rAnI banAnA cAhatA hai / vaha saphala ho jAtA hai, lekina anta meM devatAoM dvArA manoramA ke zIla kI rakSA kI jAtI hai| zreNikakathAnaka meM rAjA zreNika ko jainazAsana kA parama uddhAraka batAyA gayA hai| dattakathAnaka se patA lagatA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara sAdhuoM meM kAphI manomAlinya paidA ho gayA thaa| digambara matAnuyAyI kisI zvetAMvara 1. vAdidevasUri Adi ke prabaMdhoM meM bhI isa prakAra ke AkhyAna milate haiN| siddharAja jayasiMha kI sabhA meM isa bAta ko lekara vAdidevasUri aura bhaTTAraka kumudacandra meM zAstrArtha huA thaa|

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438 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhikSu ko loka meM lajjita karane kI ceSTA karate haiM, lekina bhikSu ke buddhikauzala se ulTe unheM hI hAsyAspada honA par3atA hai| jayadevakathAnaka meM jaina aura bauddha sAdhuoM ke vAda-vivAda kI kathA AtI hai / jayagupta nAma ke bauddha bhikSu ne eka patra likhakara rAjA ke siMhadvAra para lagA diyA / zvetAmbara sAdhu sucandrasUri ne use uThAkara phAr3a diyaa| tatpazcAt rAjasabhA meM donoM meM zAstrArtha huaa| rAjA bauddha dharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usane jaina sAdhuoM ko kArAgRha meM DAla diyA aura jaina upAsakoM kI saba sampatti chIna lii| kauzika vaNikkathAnaka meM somar3a nAmaka brAhmaNa (jise majAka meM DoDu kahA gayA hai ) jaina sAdhuoM kA avarNavAda karatA hai jisase vaha devatA-janita kaSTa kA bhAgI hotA hai| kamalakathAnaka meM tridaMDI sAdhuoM ke bhakta kamala nAmaka vaNik kI bhI yahI dazA hotI hai / dhanadevakathAnaka meM viSNudatta brAhmaNa dvArA apane chAtroM se jaina sAdhuoM ko dhUpa meM khar3e kara ke kaSTa dene kA ullekha hai| DoDDa kI bhA~ti yahA~ vaNikoM ke liye kirATa zabda kA nirdeza hai / dhavalakathAnaka se patA calatA hai ki java jaina sAdhu vihAra-caryA se thaka gaye aura varSa samApta hone para bhI anyatra vihAra karanA unheM rucikara na huA to unheM vasati denevAle zrAvakoM kA mana bhI khaTTA ho gyaa| aisI hAlata meM sAdhu yadi kabhI idhara-udhara vihAra karake phira se usI vasati meM Thahane kI icchA karate to zrAvaka unheM vAsa-sthAna dene meM saMkoca karate the| aise samaya sAdhuoM ne gRhasthoM ko caityAlaya nirmANa karane ke liye prerita kiyA aura isa prakAra caityoM ke nirmANa kA kArya zurU ho gyaa| sAdhu loga prAyaH kaMThastha sUtrapATha dvArA hI upadeza dete the, abhItaka sUtra pustakabaddha nahIM hue the (na ajjavi putthagANi hoti tti)| pradyumnarAjakathAnaka meM bhairavAcArya aura usakI tapasyA kA ullekha hai| municandrasAdhukathAnaka meM guruvirodhI sAdhu municandra kI kathA hai jo apane guru ke upadeza ko zAstravirodhI batAkara bhaktajanoM ko zraddhA se vimukha karatA hai| sundarIdattakathAnaka meM joNIpAhur3a kA nirdeza hai / yahA~

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kathAkoSaprakaraNa 439 gAndharva, nATya, azvazikSA Adi kalAoM ke sAtha dhAtuvAda aura rasavAda kI zikSA kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM ko arthopArjana kA sAdhana batAyA hai|' 1. jinezvarasUri ke kathAkoSaprakaraNa ke sivAya aura bhI kathAkopa prAkRta meM likhe gaye haiN| uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA (san 1073 meM samApta) ke kartA nemicandrasUri aura vRttikAra AnadevasUri ke AkhyAnamaNikoza aura guNacandra gaNi ke kahArayaNakosa (san 1101 meM samApta) kA vivecana Age calakara kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta prAkRta aura saMskRta ke aneka kathAranakozoM kI racanA huI 1-dhammakahANayakosa prAkRta kathAoM kA koza hai| prAkRta meM hI isa para vRtti hai| mUla lekhaka aura vRttikAra kA nAma ajJAta hai (jaina graMthAvali, pR0 267) / 2-kathAnakakoza ko dhammakahANayakosa bhI kahA gayA hai| isameM 140 gAthAyeM haiN| isake kartA kA nAma vinayacandra hai, inakA samaya saMvat 1166 (IsavI san 1909) hai| isa graMtha para saMskRta vyAkhyA bhI hai| isakI hastalikhita prani pATana ke bhaMDAra meM hai| 3-kathAvali prAkRta-kathAoM kA eka vizAla graMtha hai jise bhadrezvara ne likhA hai| bhadrezvara kA samaya IsavI san kI 11vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| isa prantha meM triSaSTizalAkApuruSoM kA jIvanacarita saMgrahIta hai| isake sivAya kAlakAcArya se lagAkara haribhadrasUri taka ke pramukha AcAryoM kA jIvanacarita yahA~ varNita hai| isakI hastalikhita prati pATaNa ke bhaMDAra meM hai| 4-jinezvara ne bhI 239 gAthAoM meM kathAkoza kI racanA kii| isakI vRtti prAkRta meM hai| ___ isake atirikta zubhazIla kA kathAkoza ( bhadrezvarabAhubalivRtti ), zrutasagara kA kathAkoza (vratakathAkoza), somacandra kA kathAmahodadhi, uttamarpi kA kathAratnAkaroddhAra, hemavijayagaNi kA kathAratnAkara, rAjazekharamaladhAri kA kathAsaMgraha (athavA kathAkoza) Adi kitane hI kathAkoza saMskRta meM bhI likhe gye|

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440 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (8) nirvANalIlAvatIkathA nirvANalIlAvatIkathA jinezvarasUri kI dUsarI kRti hai| yaha kathAgraMtha AzApallI meM saMvat 1082 aura 1065 (san 1025 aura 1038) ke madhya meM prAkRta padya meM likhA gayA thaa| padalAlitya, zleSa aura alaMkAroM se yaha vibhUSita hai| yaha anupalabdha hai| isa graMtha kA saMskRta zlokabaddha bhASAMtara jaisalamera ke bhaMDAra meM milA hai| isameM aneka saMkSipta kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| ye kathAyeM jIvoM ke janma-janmAntaroM se sambandha rakhatI haiM / anta meM siMhArAja aura rAnI lIlAvatI kisI AcArya ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara jaina dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiN| NANapaMcamIkahA ( jJAnapaMcamIkathA) jJAnapaMcamIkathA jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta kA eka sundara kathAgraMtha hai jisake kartA mahezvarasUri haiN| inakA samaya IsavI san 1052 se pUrva hI mAnA jAtA hai| mahezvarasUri eka pratibhAzAlI kavi the jo saMskRta aura prAkRta ke paNDita the| inakI kathA kI varNanazailI sarala aura bhAvayukta hai| unakA kathana hai ki alpa buddhivAle loga saMskRta kavitA ko nahIM samajhate, isalie sarvasulabha prAkRta-kAvya kI racanA kI jAtI hai| gUDhArtha aura dezI zabdoM se rahita tathA sulalita padoM se grathita aura ramya prAkRta kAvya kisake mana ko Ananda pradAna nahIM karatA ?2 grantha kI bhASA para ardhamAgadhI aura kahIM apabhraMza kA prabhAva hai; gAthAchaMda kA 1. DAkTara amRtalAla gopANI dvArA siMghI jaina graMthamAlA meM san 1949 meM prakAzita / 2. sakkayakavvassatthaM jeNa na jANaMti maMdabuddhIyA / sabvANa vi suhabohaM teNa imaM pAiyaM raiyaM // gUDhatthadesirahiyaM sulaliyavannehiM gaMthiyaM rammaM / pAiyakamvaM loe karasa na hiyayaM suhAvei //

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NANapaMcamIkahA prayoga kiyA gayA gayA hai| dvIpa, nagarI Adi kA varNana AlaMkArika aura zleSAtmaka bhASA meM hai| jahA~-tahA~ vividha subhASita aura saduktiyoM ke prayoga dikhAI dete haiM / ___ isa kRti meM dasa kathAyeM haiM jo lagabhaga 2,000 gAthAoM meM guMphita haiN| pahalI kathA jayaseNakahA aura antima kathA bhavissayatta kahA hai| ye donoM anya kathAoM kI apekSA laMbI haiN|' pratyeka kathA meM jJAnapaMcamI vrata kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai / jJAnaprApti ke ekamAtra sAdhana pustakoM kI rakSA ko prAcIna kAla meM atyanta mahatva diyA jAtA thaa| pustaka ke pannoM ko zatru kI bhA~ti khUba majabUtI se bA~dhane kA vidhAna hai| hastalikhita pratiyoM meM pAye jAnevAlA nimnalikhita zloka isa kathana kA sAkSI hai agne rakSejalAdrakSenmUSakebhyo vizeSataH / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM yatnena paripAlayet / / udakAnalacaurebhyo mUSakebhyo hutAzanAt / kaSTena likhitaM zAstraM yatnena paripAlayet / / -kaSTapUrvaka likhe hue zAstroM kI bar3e yatna se rakSA karanI cAhie, vizeSakara agni, jala, cUhe aura coroM se use bacAnA caahiye| __ isalie jaina AcAryoM ne kArtika zukla paMcamI ko jJAnapaMcamI ghoSita kara isa zubha divasa para zAstroM ke pUjana, arcana, saMmArjana, lekhana aura likhApana Adi kA vidhAna kiyA hai | siddharAja, kumArapAla Adi rAjA tathA vastupAla aura tejapAla Adi maMtriyoM ne isa prakAra ke jJAnabhaMDAroM kI sthApanA kara puNyArjana kiyA 1. isa AkhyAna ke AdhAra para dhanapAla ne apabhraMza meM bhavisattakahA nAma ke eka sundara prabaMdhakAnya kI racanA kI hai| isa kathAnaka kA saMskRta rUpAntara meghavijayagaNi ne 'bhaviSyadattacaritra' nAma se kiyA hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa thaa| pATaNa, jaisalamera, khaMbhAta, liMbaDI, jayapura, IDara Adi sthAnoM meM ye jaina bhaMDAra sthApita kie gaye the| jayaseNakahA meM striyoM ke prati sahAnubhUtisUcaka subhASita __ kahe gaye haiM vari halio vi hu bhattA anannabhajo guNehi rahio vi / __ mA saguNo bahubhajjo jairAyA cakkavaTTI vi|| -aneka patnIvAle sarvaguNasampanna cakravartI rAjA kI apekSA guNavihIna eka patnIvAlA kisAna kahIM zreSTha hai| vari ganbhammi vilINA cari jAyA kaMta-putta parihINA / mA sasavattA mahilA havijja jamme vi jamse vi|| -pati aura putrarahita strI kA garbha meM naSTa ho jAnA acchA hai, lekina janma-janma meM sautoM kA honA acchA nhiiN| saMkaraharibaMbhANaM gaurIlacchI jaheva baMbhANI / taha jai paiNo iTThA to mahilA iyarahA chelI // -jaise gaurI zaMkara ko, lakSmI viSNu ko, brAhmaNI brahmA ko iSTa hai, vaise hI yadi koI patnI apane pati ko iSTa hai to hI vaha mahilA hai, nahIM to use bakarI samajhanA cAhie / dhannA tA mahilAo jANaM purisesu kittimo neho / pAeNa jao purisA mahuyarasarisA shaavennN|| -jina striyoM kA puruSoM ke prati kRtrima sneha hai unheM bhI apane ko dhanya samajhanA cAhiye, kyoMki puruSoM kA svabhAva prAyaH bhauMroM jaisA hotA hai| uppaNNAe sogo vaDdatIe ya vaDDhae ciMtA / pariNIyAe udanto juvaipiyA dukkhio nincha / -usake paidA hone para zoka hotA hai, bar3I hone para ciMtA bar3hatI hai, vivAha kara dene para use kucha na kucha dete rahanA par3atA hai, isa prakAra yuvatI kA pitA sadA dukhI rahatA hai| aneka kahAvateM bhI yahA~ kahI gaI haiMmarai guDeNaM ciya tassa visaM dijae kiNv|

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NANapaMcamIkahA 443 -jo gur3a dene se mara sakatA hai use viSa dene kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? na hu pahi pakkA borI chuTTai loyANa jA khjjaa| -yadi rAste meM pake hue bera dikhAI deM to unheM kauna chor3a degA? hatthaThiyaM kaMkaNayaM ko bhaNa joeha Arisae ? -hAtha kaMgana ko ArasI kyA ? jise sampatti kA garva nahIM chUtA, usake sambandha meM kahA haivihaveNa jo na bhullai jo na viyAraM karei taarne| so devANa vi pujjo kimaMga puNa maNuyaloyassa // -jo saMpatti pAkara bhI apane Apako nahIM bhUlatA aura jise javAnI meM vikAra nahIM hotA, vaha manuSyoM dvArA hI nahIM, devatAoM dvArA bhI pUjanIya hai| kAmakrIr3A ke saMbaMdha meM eka ukti haikelI hAsummIso paMcapayArehiM saMjuo rammo / so khalu kAmI bhaNio annaho puNa rAsaho kaamo|| -keli, hAsya Adi pA~ca prakAra se jo surata-krIDA kI jAtI hai use kAmakrIDA kahate haiM, bAkI to gardabha-krIDA samajhanI caahiye| daridratA kI viDaMbanA dekhiyegoTThI vi suha miTThA dAliddaviDaMviyANa loehiM / vajijjai dUreNaM susalilacaMDAlakUvaM va // -jisakI bAta bahuta madhura ho lekina jo daridratA kI viDaMbanA se grasta hai, aise puruSa kA loga dUra se hI tyAga karate haiM; jaise miSTa jalavAlA cAMDAla kA kuA~ bhI dUra se hI varjanIya hotA hai| duHkhAvasthA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai dukalattaM dAliI vAhI taha kannayANa bAhullaM / paJcakkhaM narayamiNaM satthuvaidaM ca vi parokkhaM //

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -khoTI strI, dAridraya, vyAdhi aura kanyAoM kI bahulatAinheM pratyakSa naraka hI samajhanA cAhiye, zAstroM kA naraka to kevala parokSa naraka hai| AzA ke saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai AsA rakkhai jIyaM suTTha vi duhiyANa estha saMsAre / hoi nirAsANa jao takkhaNamittaNa maraNaM pi|| -isa saMsAra meM eka AzA hI dukhI jIvoM ke jIvana kA sAdhana hai| nirAza hue jIva tatkSaNa maraNa ko prApta hote haiN| kAyara puruSoM ke saMbaMdha meM ukti haikAgA kApurisA vi ya itthIo taha ya gaamkukkddyaa| egaTThANe vi ThiyA maraNaM pAveMti aibahuhA / ' -kaue, kApuruSa, striyA~ aura gA~va ke murge ye eka sthAna para rahate hue hI mRtyu ko prApta hote haiN| AAkhyAnamaNikoza ( akkhANamaNikosa ) ___ AkhyAnamaNikoza uttarAdhyayanasUtra para sukhabodhA nAma kI TIkA (racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1126) ke racayitA nemicandasUri kI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| prAkRta kathAoM kA yaha kopa hai| AmradevasUri (IsavI san 1134) ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| isameM 41 adhikAra haiM, mUla aura TIkA donoM prAkRta padya meM haiM; TIkAkAra ne kahIM gadya kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| kucha AkhyAna apabhraMza meM haiM, bIca-bIca meM saMskRta ke padya milate haiN| TIkAkAra ne prAkRta aura saMskRta ke aneka zloka pramANarUpa meM uddhRta kiye haiM jisase lekhaka ke pAMDitya 1. milAiye-sthAnabhraSTAH na zobhante kAkAH kApuruSAH narAH (hitopdesh)| 2. yaha grantha muni puNyavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita hokara prAkRta jaina sosAyaTI dvArA prakAzita ho rahA hai / prophesara dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kI kRpA se mujhe isake kucha mudrita phamaiM dekhane ko mile haiN|

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AkhyAnamaNikoza kA patA lagatA hai| zleSa Adi alaMkAroM kA yatheSTa prayoga huA hai| caturvidhabuddhivarNana nAmaka adhikAra meM bharata, naimittika aura abhaya ke AkhyAnoM kA varNana hai| dAnasvarUpavarNanaadhikAra meM dhana, kRtapuNya, droNa Adi tathA zAlibhadra, cakracara, candanA, mUladeva aura nAgazrI brAhmaNI ke AkhyAna haiN| candanA kA AkhyAna mahAvIracariya se TIkAkAra ne uddhRta kiyA hai| zIlamAhAtmyavarNana adhikAra meM davadantI (damayantI), sItA, rohiNI aura subhadrA; tapomAhAtmyavarNana-adhikAra meM vIracarita, visallA, zaurya aura rukmiNImadhu; tathA bhAvanAsvarUpavarNanaadhikAra meM dramaka, bharata aura ilAputra ke AkhyAna haiM / bharata kA AkhyAna apabhraMza meM hai| samyaktvavarNanAdhikAra meM sulasA tathA jinabiMbadarzanaphalAdhikAra meM sejjaMbhava aura AdrakakumAra ke AkhyAna haiM / jinapUjAphalavarNanaadhikAra meM dIpakazikhA, navapuSpaka aura padmottara, tathA jinavaMdanaphalAdhikAra meM bakula aura seTubaka, tathA sAdhuvandanaphalavarNanaadhikAra meM hari kI kathAyeM haiN| sAmAyikaphalavarNanaadhikAra meM jainadharma ke prabhAvaka samprati rAjA tathA jinAgamazravaNaphalAdhikAra meM cilAtIputra aura rohiNeya nAmaka coroM ke AkhyAna haiN| namaskAraparAvartanaphala-adhikAra meM go, paDDaka (bhaisA), phaNI (sarpa), somaprabha aura sudarzanA ke AkhyAna haiN| somaprabha kA AkhyAna apabhraMza meM hai| sudarzanAAkhyAna meM striyoM ko ayaza kA nivAsa Adi vizeSaNoM se ullikhita kiyA hai| indramahotsava kA ullekha hai| svAdhyAyaadhikAra meM yava, tathA niyamavidhAnaphalAdhikAra meM dAmannaka, brAhmaNI, caMDacUDA, giriDumba aura rAjahaMsa ke AkhyAna haiN| brAhmaNI-AkhyAna meM rAtribhojana-tyAga kA upadeza dete hue rAtri kI paribhASA dI hai divasyASTame bhAge mandIbhUte divAkare / naktaM tad vijAnIhi na bhaktaM nizi bhojane //

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446 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -dina ke AThaveM bhAga meM jaba sUrya manda par3a jAye to use rAtri samajhanA caahiye| rAtri meM bhojana karanA varjita hai| caNDacUDAkhyAna gadya meM hai| rAjahaMsa-AkhyAna meM kavaDijakkha kA ullekha hai| rAjahaMsa-AkhyAna meM ujjainI nagarI ke mahAkAla maMdira kA ullekha hai| mithyAduSkRtadAnaphalAdhikAra meM Apaka, caMDarudra, prasannacandra, tathA vinayaphalavarNanaadhikAra meM citrapriya aura vanavAsi yakSa ke AkhyAna haiN| pravacanonnatiadhikAra meM viSNukumAra, vairasvAmI, siddhasena, mallavAdI samita aura AryakhapuTa nAmaka AkhyAna diye haiM / siddhasena-AkhyAna meM avantI ke kuDaMgesaradeva ke maTha kA ullekha hai | AryakhapuTaAkhyAna meM baDaDakara yakSa aura cAmuNDA kA nAma AtA hai| jinadharmArAdhanopadeza adhikAra meM yotkAramitra, narajanmarakSAdhikAra meM vaNikaputratraya, tathA uttamajanasaMsargiguNavarNana-adhikAra meM prabhAkara, varazuka aura kaMbala-sabala ke akhyAna haiN| prabhAkara akhyAna meM dhana-arjana ko mukhya batAyA haivubhukSitaiAkaraNaM na bhujyate pipAsitaiH kAvyaraso na pIyate / na cchandasA kenaciduddhRtaM kulaM hiraNyamevArjaya niSphalAH klaaH||' -bhUkhe logoM ke dvArA vyAkaraNa kA bhakSaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA, pyAsoM ke dvArA kAvyarasa kA pAna nahIM kiyA jAtA, chanda se kula kA uddhAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, ataeva hiraNya kA hI upArjana karo, kyoMki usake binA samasta kalAyeM niSphala haiN| indriyavazavartiprANidukhavarNana ke adhikAra meM upakozA ke ghara Aye huye tapasvI, bhadra, nRpasuta, nArada aura sukumAlikA ke AkhyAna haiN| vyasanazatajanakayuvatIavizvAsavarNana-adhikAra 1. yaha zloka kSemendra kI aucityavicAracarcA (kAvyamAlA prathama gucchaka (pR0 150) meM mAgha ke nAma se diyA hai lekina mAgha ke zizupAlavadha meM yaha nahIM miltaa|

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AkhyAnamaNikoza 447 meM nUpura paMDita, dattakaduhitA aura bhAvaTTikA ke AkhyAna haiN| bhAvaTTikA-AkhyAna pariyoM kI kathA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattva kA hai| isake kucha bhAgakI tulanA arebiyana nAiTsa se kI jA sakatI hai| isa AkhyAna ke antargata vikramAditya ke AkhyAna meM bhairavAnanda kA varNana hai / usane pretavana meM pahu~cakara mantramaNDala likhaa| yahA~ para DAkiniyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / rAgAdianarthaparaMparAvarNana ke adhikAra meM vaNikpanI, nAvikanandA, caNDabhadra, citrasambhUta, mAyAditya, lobhanandI aura nakulavANijya nAma ke AkhyAna haiN| jIvadayAguNavarNana ke adhikAra meM zrAddhasuta, guNamatI aura meghakumAra, tathA dharmapriyatvAdiguNavarNana-adhikAra meM kAmadeva aura sAgaracandra ke AkhyAna haiN| dharmamarmajJajanaprabodhaguNavarNana-adhikAra meM pAdAvalaMba, ratnatrikoTI aura mAMsakraya ke AkhyAna haiN| bhAvazalyaanAlocanadoSa-adhikAra meM mAtRsuta, maruka RSidatta aura matsyamalla kI kathAyeM varNita haiN| kucha subhASita dekhiye thevaM thevaM dhammaM kareha jai tA bahuM na sake / pecchaha mahAnaIo biMdUhi smuddbhuuyaao| -yadi bahuta dharma nahIM kara sakate ho to thor3A-thor3A karo / mahAnadiyoM ko dekho, bUMda-bUMda se samudra bana jAtA hai / uppayau gayaNamagge ruMjau kasiNattaNaM payAseu / taha vi hu gobbaraIDo na pAyae bhamaracariyAI / -gobara kA kIr3A cAhe AkAza meM ur3e, cAhe guMjAra kare, cAhe vaha apane kRSNatva ko prakAzita kare, lekina vaha kabhI bhI bhramara ke caritra ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| cInAMzuka aura paTTAMzuka kI bhA~ti jaddara' bhI eka prakAra kA vastra thA / daddara (jInA, dAdara-gujarAtI meM), tellaTilla (?), 1. jarI ke bela-bUToM vAlA vastra / zAlibhadrasUri ( 12vIM zatAbdI) ne bAhubalirAsa meM jAdara kA prayoga kiyA hai| vaise cAdara zabda phArasI kA kahA jAtA hai|

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448 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bharavasa (bharosA), Dhayara (pizAca) Adi aneka dezI zabdoM kA yahA~ prayoga huA hai| bIca-bIca meM kahAvateM bhI mila jAtI haiN| jaise hatthatthakaMkaNANaM kiM kajjaM dappaNeNa'havA ( hAtha kaMgana ko ArasI kyA ?), kiM chAlIe muhe kuMbhaMDaM mAi ? (kyA bakarI ke muMha meM kumhaDA samA sakatA hai ? ) Adi / kahArayaNakosa ( kathAratnakoza ) kathAranakoza ke kartA guNacandragaNi devabhadrasUri ke nAma se bhI prakhyAta haiN| ye navAMgavRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke ziSya prasannacandrasUri ke sevaka aura sumativAcaka ke ziSya the | kathAratnakoza (san 1101 meM likhita) guNacandragaNi kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai jisameM aneka laukika kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| isake atirikta inhoMne pAsanAhacariya, mahAvIracariya, anaMtanAtha stotra, vItarAgastava, pramANaprakAza Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| kathAratnakoza meM 50 kathAnaka haiM jo gadya aura padya meM alaMkArapradhAna prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gaye haiN| saMskRta aura apabhraMza kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| ye kathAnaka apUrva haiM jo anyatra prAyaH kama hI dekhane meM Ate haiN| yahA~ upavana, Rtu, rAtri, yuddha, zmazAna Adi ke kAvyamaya bhASA meM sundara citraNa haiN| prasaMgavaza atithisatkAra, chIMka kA vicAra, rAjalakSaNa, sAmudrika, ratnaparIkSA Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| garuDopapAta nAmaka jaina sUtra kA yahA~ ullekha hai jo Ajakala vilupta ho gayA hai| siddhAMta ke rahasya ko gopanIya kahA hai| kacce ghar3e meM rakkhe hue jala se isakI upamA dI hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki yogyAyogya kA vicAra karake hI dharma kA rahasya prakAzita karanA cAhiye Ame ghar3e nihittaM jahA jalaM taM ghaDaM viNAsei / iya siddhaMtarahassaM appAhAraM viNAsei // 1. AtmAnaMda jaina graMthamAlA meM muni puNyavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita, san 1944 meM prakAzita /

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449 kahArayaNakosa joggAjoggamavujhiya dhammarahassaM kahei jo muuddho| saMghassa pavayaNassa ya dhammassa ya pacaNIo so|| nAgadatta ke kathAnaka meM kaliMjara parvata ke zikhara para sthita kuladevatA kI pUjA kA ullekha hai| devatA kI mUrti kAunirmita thii| kula paraMparA se isakI pUjA calI AtI thii| nAgadatta ne kuza ke Asana para baiThakara pA~ca dina taka nirAhAra raha kara isakI upAsanA AraMbha kii| kuberayakSa nAmaka kuladeva kI bhI loga upAsanA kiyA karate the| gaMgavasumati kI kathA meM uDDiyAyaNa deza (svAta) kA ullekha hai| sarpa ke viSa kA nAza karane ke liye ATha nAgakuloM kI upAsanA kI jAtI thii| kRSNa caturdazI ke dina zmazAna meM akele baiTha maMtra kA 1008 bAra jApa karane se yaha vidyA siddha hotI thii| cUDAmaNizAstra kA ullekha hai| isakI sAmarthya se tInoM kAloM kA jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA thaa| zaMkhakathAnaka meM jogAnaMda nAma ke naimittika kA ullekha hai jo vasaMtapura se kAMcIpura ke liye prasthAna kara rahA thaa| rAjA ko usane batAyA ki AgAmI aSTamI ke dina sUrya kA sarvagrAsa grahaNa hogA jisakA artha thA ki rAjA kI mRtyu ho jAyegI | Age calakara parvata-yAtrA kA ullekha hai| loga carcarI, pragIta Adi krIDA karate hue parvatayAtrA ke liye prasthAna karate the| kaliMgadeza meM kAlasena nAma kA parivrAjaka rahatA thaa| liMgalakSa nAma ke yakSa ko usane apane vaza meM kara rakhA thA aura triloka paizAcika vidyA kA sAdhana kiyA thaa| rudrasUrikathA meM pATaliputra ke zramaNasaMgha dvArA rAjagRha meM sthita rudrasUri nAmaka AcArya ko eka Adeza-patra bheje jAne kA ullekha hai| isa patra meM SaDdarzana kA khaMDana karanevAle vidura nAmaka vidvAn ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane ke liye rudrasUri ko pATaliputra meM bulAyA gayA thaa| patra par3hakara rudrasUri ne use zirodhArya kiyA aura tatkAla hI ve pATaliputra ke liye ravAnA ho gaye / bhavadevakathAnaka meM 29 prA0 sA0

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450 . prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa patAkA, kamala Adi rAja-lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana hai| brAhmaNa loga sAmudrika zAstra ke paMDita hote the| dhanasAdhu ke kathAnaka meM vairAgara ( vajrAkara ) nAma ke deza kA ullekha hai| divAkara nAma kA koI jogI khanyavidyA meM vicakSaNa thaa| apanI vidyA ke bala se vaha jamIna meM gar3e hue dhana kA patA lagA letA thaa| isake liye maMDala banA kara, devatA kI pUjA kara maMtra kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| zrIparvata para dhyAna meM lIna rahanevAle eka mahAmuni se usane isa vidyA kA upadeza grahaNa kiyA thA / kAtyAyanI devI ko sarvasaMpattidAyinI mAnA gayA hai| maNizAstra ke anusAra ratnoM ke lakSaNa pratipAdita kiye gyehaiN| sAmudrazAstra se bhI zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| aMcalakathA meM hAthiyoM meM phailanevAlI mahAvyAdhi kA ullekha hai| aise prasaMgoM para vizeSa devatAoM kI pUjA-arcanA kI jAtI, lakSa homa kiye jAte, navagrahoM kI pUjA kI jAtI aura purohita loga zAntikarma meM lIna rhte| devanRpakathAnaka meM paMcamaMgalazrutaskaMdha kA ullekha milatA hai| vijayakathAnaka meM caitya para dhvajAropaNa-vidhi batAI gaI hai| kIr3oM se nahIM khAye hue sundara parva vAle bAMsa ko maMgavAkara, pratimA ko snAna karAkara, cAroM dizAoM meM bhUzuddhi kara, dizA ke devatAoM kA AhvAna kara bAMsa kA vilepana kiyA jAtA, phira kusuma Adi kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA, dhUpa kI gaMdha dI jAtI aura usa para zveta dhvajA Aropita kI jaatii| jogaMdhara nAma ke siddha ke pAsa adRzya aMjana thA jise lagAkara vaha svecchApUrvaka vihAra kiyA karatA thaa| kAmarUpa (AsAma) meM AkRSTi, dRSTimohana, vazIkaraNa, aura uccATana meM pravINa tathA yogazAstra meM kuzala bala nAma kA siddha rahatA thaa| vaha gahana giri, zmazAna, Azrama Adi meM paribhramaNa karatA phiratA thaa| cakradhara nAma ke dhAtusiddha kA ullekha hai| yahA~ veda ke apauruSeyatvavAda kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| padmazreSThikathAnaka meM AvazyakacUrNi kA ullekha hai| vaidika loga yajJa meM bakaroM

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kahArayaNakosa 451 kA vadha karane se, saugata karuNAvRtti se, zaivamatAnuyAyI dIkSA se, snAtaka snAna se aura kapila matAnuyAyI tatvajJAna se mukti svIkAra karate the, jaina zAsana meM ratnatraya se mukti svIkAra kI gaI hai| ziva, brahmA, kRSNa, bauddha aura jainamata ke anuyAyI apane-apane devoM kA varNana karate haiN| jinabiMbapratiSThA kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| isa vidhi meM aneka phala aura pakavAna vagairaha jinendra kI pratimA ke sAmane rakkhe jAte aura dhRta-gur3a kA dIpaka jalAyA jAtA / arthahIna puruSa kI dazA kA mArmika citraNa dekhiye parigalai maI mailijaI jaso nA'daraMti sayaNA vi / AlassaM ca payaTTai vipphurai maNammi rnnrnno| uccharai aNucchAho pasarai savvaMgio mahAdAho / kiM kiM va na hoi duhaM atthavihINassa purisassa // ' -dhana ke abhAva meM mati bhraSTa ho jAtI hai, yaza malina ho jAtA hai, svajana bhI Adara nahIM karate, Alasya Ane lagatA hai, mana udvigna ho jAtA hai, kAma meM utsAha nahIM rahatA, samasta aMga meM mahA dAha utpanna ho jAtA hai / arthavihIna puruSa ko kaunasA dukha nahIM hotA? ___ vAmamArga meM nipuNa jogaMdhara kA varNana hai| mRtakasAdhana maMtra use siddha thaa| loga vaTavAsinI bhagavatI kI pUjAupAsanA kiyA karate the| anazana Adi se use prasanna kiyA jAtA thaa| use kaTapUtanA, mRtaka ko cAhanevAlI aura DAina 1. tulanA kIjiye mRcchakaTika (1-37) ke nimna zloka se jisameM nirdhanatA ko chaThA mahApAtaka batAyA hai saMgaM naiva hi kazcidasya kurute saMbhASate naadraa-| saMprApto gRhamutsaveSu dhaninAM sAvajJamAlokyate // dUrAdeva mahAjanasya viharatyalpacchado lajjayA / manye nirdhanatA prakAmamaparaM SaSThaM mahApAtakam //

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452 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa Adi nAmoM se bhI ullikhita kiyA jAtA thaa| Age calakara jinapUjA kI vidhi batAI gayI hai / Adara satkAra karane ke liye tAMbUla dene kA rivAja thaa| zrIguptakathAnaka meM kuzalasiddhi nAmaka maMtravAdI kA ullekha hai| rAjA ke samakSa upasthita hokara usane paravidyA kA chedakArI maMtra par3hakara cAroM dizAoM meM cAvala pheNke| sujayarAjarSikathAnaka meM nAnA dezoM meM bhramaNa karanevAle, vividha bhASAoM ke paMDita, tathA maMtra-taMtra meM nipuNajJAnakaraMDa nAma ke kApAlika muni kA ullekha hai| rAjasabhA meM upasthita hokara usane rAjaputra ko AzIrvAda diyA ki pAtAlakanyA ke tuma nAtha bno| vidhyagiri ke pAsa yakSabhavana meM pahu~ca kara usane pAsa ke gokula meM se cAra bakare ma~gavAye, unheM snAna karAyA, una para caMdana ke chIMTe diye, tatpazcAt maMtrasiddhi ke liye unakA vadha kiyaa| caMDikA ko prasanna karane ke liye puruSoM ko snAna karA aura unheM zveta vastra pahanA unakI bali dI jAtI thii| nAvoM dvArA paradeza kI yAtrA karate samaya jaba jalavAsI timiMgala Adi duSTa jantu jala meM se Upara uchalakara Ate to unheM bhagAne ke liye vAdya vagairaha bajAye jAte aura agni ko prajvalita kiyA jAtA thA, phira bhI magara-maccha nAva ko ulaTa hI diyA karate the / samudra taTa para ilAyacI, lauMga, nAriyala, kelA, kaTahala Adi phaloM ke pAye jAne kA ullekha hai| pannatinAmaka mahAvidyA devatA kA ullekha hai| vimala-upAkhyAna meM Avazyakaniyukti se pramANa uddhata kiyA hai| nArAyaNakathAnaka meM yajJa meM pazumedha kA ullekha hai| hastitApasoM kA varNana hai| amaradatta kathAnaka meM sugatazAstra kA ullekha hai| yahA~ suzrUSA kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai| dazabala 1. IsavI san ke pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM bharahuta kalA meM eka nAva kA citraNa milatA hai jisa para timiMgala ne dhAvA bola diyA hai / citra meM nAva se nIce girate hue yAtriyoM ko vaha nigala rahA hai| dekhiye DaoNkTara motIcanda, sArthavAha, AkRti 9 /

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kahArayaNakosa mArga (bauddhamArga ) kA ullekha hai| dharmadevakathAnaka meM siMhaladeza aura kerala deza kA ullekha hai| vijayadeva kathAnaka meM ratna ke vyApAriyoM kA varNana hai / sudattakathAnaka meM gRhakalaha kA bar3A svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA gayA hai koI bahU ku~e se jala bhara kara lA rahI thI, usakA ghar3A phUTa gayA / yaha dekhakara usakI sAsa ne gusse meM use eka tamAcA jar3a diyaa| bahU kI lar3akI ne jaba yaha dekhA to usane apanI dAdI ke gale meM se nau lar3iyoM kA hAra tor3akara girA diyA / bahU kI nanada apanI mAM kA yaha apamAna dekhakara mUsala hAtha meM uThAkara apanI bhatIjI ko mArane daur3I jisase usakA sira phaTa gayA aura usameM se lahU bahane lgaa| yaha dekhakara bahU bhI apanI nanada ko mUsala se mArane lgii| isa prakAra pratidina kisI na kisI bAta para sAre ghara meM kalaha macA rahatA aura ghara kA mAlika lajjAvaza kisI se kucha nahIM kaha sakatA thaa| eka dUsarI kathA suniye kisI brAhmaNa ke cAra putra the| jaba brAhmaNa kI jIvikA kA koI upAya na rahA to usane apane putroM ko bulAkara saba bAta khii| yaha sunakara cAroM putra dhana kamAne cala diye| pahalA putra apane cAcA ke yahA~ gyaa| pUchane para usane kahA ki pitA jI ne apanA hissA mA~gane ke liye mujhe Apake pAsa bhejA hai| yaha sunakara cAcA apane bhatIje ko bhalA-burA kahane lagA, aura gusse meM Akara cAcA ne usakA sira phor3a diyA / mukadamA rAjakula meM pahu~cA | cAcA ne kisI taraha 500 dramma dekara apanA piMDa chudd'aayaa| lar3ake ne yaha rupayA apane pitA ko le jAkara de diyA / dUsarA putra tripuMDa Adi lagAkara kisI yogAcArya ke pAsa gayA aura rauba meM Akara use DATane-phaTakArane lgaa| yogAcArya Dara kara usake pairoM meM gira par3A aura usane use bahuta sA sonA dAna meM diyaa| tIsare putra ne dhAtuvidyA sIkha lI aura apanI vidyA se vaha logoM ko Thagane lgaa| usane kisI

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454 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa baniye se dostI kara lii| apanI vidyA ke bala se vaha eka mAzA sone kA do mAzA sonA banA detA thaa| eka bAra baniye ne lobha meM Akara use bahuta sA sonA de diyA, aura vaha lekara caMpata ho gyaa| cauthA putra pracura riddhidhArI kisI liMgI kA ziSya bana gayA aura usakI sevA karane lgaa| eka dina AdhI rAta ke samaya vaha usakA saba dhana lekara caMpata huaa| rAjaputrakathAnaka meM mahAmalloM ke yuddha kA varNana hai / bhavadeva: kathAnaka meM bhavadeva nAma ke vaNikputra kI kathA hai| eka bAra kucha mahAjana rAjA ke darzana karane gye| rAjA ne kuzalapUrvaka prazna kiyA-nagarI meM coroM kA upadrava to nahIM hai ? ucchala duSTa loga to parezAna nahIM karate ? lA~ca lenevAle to Apa logoM ko kaSTa nahIM dete ? eka mahAjana ne uttara diyA-deva ! Apake pratApa se saba kuzala hai, kevala coroM kA upadrava bar3ha rahA hai| sujasa zreSTi aura usake putroM ke kathAnaka meM sujasa zreSThi ke pA~ca putroM kI kathA dI hai| koI kharAba kAma karane para pitA yadi putroM ko DATatA-DapaTatA to unakI mA~ ko bahuta burA lgtaa| yaha dekhakara pitA ne putroM ko bilakula kucha kahanA hI baMda kara diyaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki ve pA~coM burI saMgata meM par3akara bigar3a gaye aura apanI mA~ kI bhI avahelanA karane lge| dhanapAla aura bAlacandra ke kathAnaka meM mukuMdamaMdira kA ullekha , hai / vRddha vilAsiniyA~ anAtha bAlikAoM ko pha~sA kara unase vezyAvRtti karAne ke liye unheM gIta, nRtya Adi kI zikSA detI thiiN| bharatanRpakathAnaka meM zrIparvata kA ullekha hai, yahA~ eka guTikAsiddha puruSa rahA karatA thaa| yahA~ pArAzara kI kathA dI hai| prayAga aura puSkara tIrthoM kA ullekha hai| __dUsare adhikAra meM zrAvakoM ke 12 vratoM kI kathAyeM haiN| vyApArI U~ToM para mAla lAda kara le jAyA karate the| praznottara goSTI dekhiyeprazna-(1) pApaM pRcchati ? viratau ko dhAtuH ? kIdRzaH kRtakapakSI ? utkaMThayanti ke vA vilasanto virahiNIhRdayam ?

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455 kAlikAyariyakahANaya uttara-malayamarutaH (mala, yam , arutaH, malayamarutaH) pApa ko kauna pUchatA hai ? (mala), virati meM kauna sI dhAtu hai ? ( yam ), kRtaka pakSI kaisA hotA hai ? (arutaH arthAt zabda rahita), virahiNI ke hRdaya ko kauna utkaMThita karatA hai ? (malaya kA vaayu)| prazna-(2) ke maNaharaM pi purisaM lahuiMti ? viNAsaI ya ___ ko jIvaM ? ullasiyapahAjAlo ko vA naMdei ghUyakulaM? uttara-doSAkaraH (doSAH, garaM doSAkaraH) -sundara puruSa ko bhI kauna choTA banA detA hai ? (doSa), jIva kA nAza kauna karatA hai (gara=viSa), ulluoM ko kauna Ananda detA hai ? ( doSAkara= cndrmaa)| prazna-(3) kiM saMkhA paMDusuyA ? namaNe saheNa ya ko ? kahaM baMbho / __ saMbohijjai ? ko bhUsuo ya ? ko pavayaNapahANo ? uttara-paMcanamokAro (paMca, namo, he ka !, Aro, paMcanamokAro) ___-pAMDuputroM kI kitanI saMkhyA hai ? (paMca=pA~ca ), namana meM kauna sA zabda hai (namo avyaya), brahma ko kaise saMbodhana kiyA jAtA hai ? (he ka ! he brahman) bhU kA putra kauna hai ? (Ara=maMgalagraha), pravacana meM saba se mukhya kyA hai ? (paMcanamokAra nAmaka mNtr)| ___ meghazreSThikAnaka meM 15 karmAdAnoM kA varNana hai / prabhAcandrakathAnaka meM apabhraMza meM yuddha kA varNana hai| kAlikAyariyakahANaya (kAlikAcAryakathAnaka) kAlikAcArya ke saMbaMdha meM prAkRta aura saMskRta meM aneka kathAnaka likhe gaye haiN| prAkRtakathAnaka-lekhakoM meM devacandrasUri, maladhArI hemacandra, bhadrezvarasUri, dharmaghoSasUri, bhAvadevasUri,

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456 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dharmaprabhasUri Adi AcAryoM ke nAma mukhya haiM / ' kAlikAcArya kI kathA nizIthacUrNi, bRhatkalpabhASya aura AvazyakacUrNi Adi prAcIna granthoM meM milatI hai| devendrasUri ne sthAnakaprakaraNa-vRtti athavA mUlazuddhiTIkA ke antargata kAlikAcArya kI kathA vikrama saMvat 1146 ( san 1086) meM likhI hai / yaha kathA kAlikAcArya para likhI gaI anya kathAoM kI apekSA bar3I aura prAcIna hai tathA anya graMthakAroM ne ise AdarzarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| devacandra kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrAcArya ke guru the| rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM unhoMne prAkRta gadya-padya meM zAMtinAthacarita kI racanA kI thii| devacandrasUri kI kAlikAcArya kathA gadya aura padya donoM meM likhI gaI hai, kahIM apabhraMza ke padya bhI haiN| dharAvAsa nagara meM vairasiMha nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA, usakI rAnI surasuMdarI se kAlaka utpanna hue | bar3e hone para eka bAra ve azvakrIDA ke liye gaye hue the| unhoMne guNAkarasUri muni kA upadeza sunA aura mAtA-pitA kI anujJA se zramaNadharma meM dIkSA le lii| kAlakrama se gItArtha ho jAne para unheM AcArya pada para sthApita kiyA gayA, aura ve sAdhusaMgha ke sAtha vihAra karate hue ujjainI aaye| usa samaya vahA~ kucha sAdhviyA~ bhI AI huI thIM, unameM kAlaka kI choTI bhaginI sarasvatI bhI thii| ujjainI ke rAjA gardabhilla 1. yaha jeDa. DI. ema. jI. (jarmana prAcya vidyasamiti kI patrikA) ke 343 khaNDa meM 247veM pRSTha, 15veM khaMDa meM 675 tathA 37veM khaMDa meM 493 pRSTha se chapA hai / kAlikAcArya-kathAsaMgraha aMbAlAla premacanda zAha dvArA saMpAdita san 1949 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA hai| isameM prAkRta aura saMskRta kI kAlikAcArya ke Upara bhinnabhinna lekhakoM dvArA likhI huI 30 kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| tathA dekhiye umAkAnta zAha, suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya; DabalyU. naoNrmana brAuna, sTorI oNva kAlaka; muni kalyANavijaya, prabhAvakacarita kI prastAvanA dvivedI abhinandanagraMtha, nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA kAzI, vi0 saM0 1990 /

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kAlikAyariyakahANaya kI usa para dRSTi par3a gaI aura usane sarasvatI ko apane aMtaHpura meM ma~gavA liyaa| kAlakAcArya ne rAjA gardabhilla ko bahuta samajhAyA ki isa taraha kA duSkRtya usake liye zobhanIya nahIM hai, lekina usane eka na sunii| usake bAda kAlakAcArya ne caturvidha saMgha ko rAjA ko samajhAne ke liye bhejA, lekina usakA bhI koI asara na huA / yaha dekhakara kAlakAcArya ko bahuta krodha AyA, aura unhoMne pratijJA kI je saMghapaJcaNIyA pavayaNauvadhAyagA narA je ya / saMjamauvaghAyaparA, taduvikkhAkAriNo je ya / / tesiM vaccAmi gaI, jai eyaM gaddabhillarAyANaM / ummUlemi Na sahasA, rajjAo bhaTThamanAyaM / / kAyavvaM ca eyaM, jao bhaNiyamAgame tamhA sai sAmatthe, ANAbhaTThammi no khalu uvehA / aNukUle araehiM ya, aNusaTThI hoi dAyavvA // sAhUNa ceiyANa ya, paDiNIyaM taha avaNNavAiM ca / jiNapavayaNassa ahiyaM, savvatthAmeNa vArei / -maiM bhraSTa maryAdAvAle isa gardabhilla rAjA ko isake rAjya se bhraSTa na kara dUM to maiM saMgha ke zatru, pravacana ke ghAtaka, saMyama ke vinAzaka aura usakI upekSA karanevAloM kI gati ko prApta houuN| aura aisA karanA bhI cAhiye, jaisA ki Agama meM kahA haisAmarthya hone para AjJAbhraSTa logoM kI upekSA nahIM karanI cAhiye, pratikUlagAmI logoM ko zikSA avazya denI cAhiye / sAdhuoM aura caityoM aura khAsa karake jinapravacana ke zatruoM tathA avarNavAdiyoM ko pUrI zakti lagAkara rokanA cAhiye | ___kAlikAcArya zakaphUla (pArasa kI khAr3I parziyA) pahu~ce aura vahA~ se 75 zAhoM ko lekara jahAja dvArA saurASTradeza meM utare / varSARtu bItane para lATadeza ke rAjAoM ko sAtha lekara unhoMne ujjainI para car3hAI kara dii| udhara se gardabhilla bhI apanI senA lekara lar3AI ke maidAna meM A gyaa| rAjA gardabhilla ne

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gardabhI vidyA siddha kI thii| isa gardabhI kA zabda suna kara zatrusenA ke sainikoM ke mu~ha se rakta bahane lagatA aura ve turata hI bhUmi para gira par3ate / kAlakAcArya ke kahane para zAhoM kI senA ne gardabhI kA mu~ha khulane se pahale hI use apane bANoM kI bauchAra se bhara diyA jisase vaha gardabhI Ahata hokara vahA~ se bhAga gii| rAjA gardabhilla giraphtAra kara liyA gayA / AcArya kAlaka ne use bahuta dhikkArA aura use deza se nirvAsita kara diyA / zakakUla se Ane ke kAraNa ye zAha loga zaka kahalAye aura inase zakavaMza kI utpatti huii| Age calakara mAlava ke rAjA vikramAditya ne zakoM kA unmUlana kara apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| vikrama saMvat isI samaya se AraMbha huA | udhara AlocanA aura pratikramaNapUrvaka kAlikAcArya ne apanI bhaginI ko punaH saMyama meM dIkSita kiyaa| kathA ke dUsare bhAga meM kAlikAcArya balamitra aura bhAnumitra nAma ke apane bhAnajoM ke Agraha para bharuyakaccha ( bhaDauMca) kI ora prasthAna karate haiM / vahA~ unhoMne balabhAnu ko dIkSita kiyaa| rAjA kA purohita yaha dekhakara unase aprasanna huA aura usake kapaTajAla ke kAraNa kAlikAcArya ko binA paryuSaNa kiye hI. bhaDauMca se cale AnA pdd'aa| tIsare bhAga meM AcArya pratiSThAna ( Adhunika paiThana, mahArASTra meM ) kI aura gamana karate haiN| vahA~ sAtavAhana nAma kA parama zrAvaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA | kAlikAcArya kA Agamana sunakara usane AcArya kI vaMdanA kI, AcArya ne use dharmalAbha diyA / mahArASTra meM bhAdrapada sudI paMcamI ke dina indra mahotsava manAyA jAtA thA, isaliye rAjA sAtavAhana ne bhAdrapada sudI paMcamI kI bajAya bhAdrapada sudI chaTha ko paryaSaNa manAye jAne ke liye kAlikAcArya se anurodha kiyaa| lekina AcArya ne uttara meM kahA-"meru kA zikhara bhale hI calAyamAna ho jAye, sUrya bhale hI kisI aura dizA se ugane lage, lekina paMcamI kI rAtri ko

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nammayAsuMdarIkahA 459. ullaGghana karake payUSaNa kabhI nahIM manAyA jA sktaa|" isa para rAjA ne bhAdrapada sudI caturthI kA sujhAva diyA, jise kAlikAcArya ne svIkAra kara liyaa| isa samaya se mahArASTra meM zramaNapUjAlaya nAma kA utsava manAyA jAne lgaa| ___ cauthI kathA meM kAlikAcArya dvArA durvinIta ziSyoM ko prabodha diye jAne kA varNana hai| bahuta samajhAne para bhI jaba AcArya ke ziSyoM ne durvinIta bhAva kA tyAga nahIM kiyA to ve unheM sote hue chor3akara apane praziSya sAgaracanda ke pAsa cale gye| kucha samaya pazcAta unake durvinIta ziSya bhI vahA~ Aye aura unhoMne apane kRtyoM ke liye pazcAttApa kiyaa| ___ pA~caveM bhAga meM indra ke anurodha para kAlikacArya ne nigoda meM rahanevAle jIvoM kA vistAra se vyAkhyAna kiyaa| anta meM kAlikAcArya saMlekhanA dhAraNa kara svarga meM gaye / nammayAsuMdarIkahA ( narmadAsuMdarIkathA) narmadAsuMdarIkathA eka dharmapradhAna kathA hai jisakI mahendrasUri ne saMvat 1187 (IsavI san 1130) meM apane ziSyoM ke anurodha para racanA kii|' yaha kathA gadya-padyamaya hai jisameM padya kI pradhAnatA hai / isameM mahAsatI narmadAsuMdarI ke carita kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo aneka kaSTa Ane para bhI zIlavrata ke pAlana meM dRr3ha rhii| narmadAsundarI sahadeva kI bhAryA sundarI kI kanyA thii| mahezvaradatta ke jainadharma svIkAra kara lene para mahezvaradatta kA vivAha narmadAsundarI ke sAtha ho gyaa| vivAha kA utsava bar3I 1. yaha graMtha siMghI jaina graMthamAlA meM zIghra hI prakAzita ho rahA hai| isake sAtha devacandrasUri kI nagmagrAsuMdarIkahA, jinaprabhasUri kI nammayAsuMdarisaMdhi ( apabhraMza meM ) tathA prAcIna gujarAtI gadyamaya narmadAsuMdarI kathA bhI saMgrahIta hai / ye kathA-graMtha muni jinavijaya jI kI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko mile|

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460 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dhUmadhAma se manAyA gyaa| mahezvaradatta narmadAsundarI ko sAtha lekara dhana kamAne ke liye yavanadvIpa gyaa| mArga meM apanI patnI ke caritra para saMdeha ho jAne ke kAraNa usane use vahIM chor3a diyaa| nidrA se uThakara narmadAsundarI ne apane Apako eka zUnya dvIpa meM pAyA aura vaha pralApa karane lgii| kucha samaya pazcAt use usakA cAcA vIradAsa milA aura vaha narmadAsuMdarI ko babbarakUla (eDana ke AsapAsa kA pradeza) le gyaa| yahIM se narmadAsuMdarI kA jIvana-saMgharSa Arambha hotA hai / yahA~ para vezyAoM kA eka muhallA thA, jisameM sAta sau gaNikAoM kI svAminI hariNI nAma kI eka suprasiddha gaNikA nivAsa karatI thii| saba gaNikAyeM usake liye dhana kamAkara lAtIM aura vaha usa dhana kA tIsarA yA cauthA bhAga rAjA ko de detii| hariNI ko jaba patA lagA ki jaMbUdvIpa (bhAratavarSa) se vIradAsa nAma kA koI vyApArI vahA~ utarA hai, to usane apanI dAsI ko bhejakara vIradAsa ko AmaMtrita kiyA lekina vIradAsa ne dAsI ke jariye hariNI ko ATha sau dramma bheja diye, vaha svayaM usake ghara nahIM gyaa| hariNI ko bahuta burA lgaa| isa prasaMga para hariNI kI dAsiyoM ne narmadAsuMdarI ko dekhA, aura kisI yukti se ve use bhagAkara apanI svAminI ke pAsa le gii| vIradAsa ne narmadAsuMdarI kI bahuta khoja kI aura jaba usakA patA na lagA to vaha apane deza lauTa gyaa| narmadAsuMdarI ne bhojana kA tyAga kara diyA / hariNI vezyA ne kapaTasaMbhASaNa dvArA use phusalAne kI koziza kI aura use gaNikA banakara rahane kA upadeza diyA suMdari ? dullaho mANusI bhAvo, khaNabhaMguraM tArunaM, eyassa visiTThasuhANubhavaNameva phalaM / taM ca saMpugnaM vesANAmeva saMpaDai, na kulNgnnaannN| jao mahANamavi bhoyaNaM paidiyahaM muMjamANaM na jIhAe tahA suhamuppAei, jahA navanavaM diNe diNe / evaM puriso navanavo navanavaM bhogasuhaM jaNai ya / annaM ca

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nammayAsuMdarIkahA 461 viyarijai sacchaMdaM pejai majjaM ca amysaaricchN| paccakkho viva saggo vesAbhAvo kimiha bahuNA ? tujha vi rairuvAe purisA hohiMti kiNkraagaaraa| vasiyaraNabhAviyA iva dAhiti maNicchiyaM davvaM / eyAo savvAo addhaM meM diti niyaviDhattassa / taM puNa maha iTTayarI dejjAhi cautthayaM bhAyaM / / -he suMdari ! mAnuSI kA janma durlabha hai, tAruNya kSaNabhaMgura hai, viziSTa sukha kA anubhava karanA hI isakA phala hai| vaha samasta vezyAoM ko hI prApta hotA hai, kulavadhuoM ko nahIM / viziSTa prakAra kA bhojana pratidina khAne se vaha jihvA ko sukha nahIM detA, pratidina nayA-nayA bhojana caahiye| isI prakAra nayenaye puruSa naye-naye bhogasukha ko pradAna karate haiM / tathA vezyAe~ svacchaMda vicaraNa karatI haiM, amRta ke samAna madya kA 1. caturbhANI (pR074 ) meM vezyA ko mahApatha bhaura kulavadhU ko kumArga batAyA gayA hai jAtyandhAM surateSu dInavadanAmantarmukhIbhASiNI hRSTasyApi janasya zokajananI lajApaTenAvRtAm / nirvyAjaM svayamapyadRSTajadhanAM strIrUpabaddhAM pazuM kartavyaM khalu naiva bho kulavadhUkArAM praveSTuM manaH // -sUrata meM nipaTa aMdhI bana jAne vAlI, dInamukha, mu~ha ke bhItara hI bhItara bAta rakhane vAlI, prasanna AdamI ko bhI dukhI karane vAlI, lajjA ke ghUghaTa se DhakI, bholepana se svayaM bhI apanI jA~dha na dekhane vAlI, aisI strIrUpa meM baMdhe hue pazu kI bhA~ti kulavadhU meM kabhI mana nahIM lagAnA caahie| ___ mairo me vadhU aura vezyA meM kevala mUlya aura Theke kI avadhi kA hI antara batAyA hai, aura vivAha ko eka adhika phaizana kA prakAra mAnA hai| dekhie haivalaoNka elisa saiksa ina rilezana TU sosAyaTI, pR0 222 /

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462 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pAna karatI haiM, vezyAvasthA sAkSAt svarga kI bhAMti pratIta hotI hai, phira aura kyA cAhiye ? rati ke samAna tumhAre rUpa ke kAraNa puruSa tumhAre kiMkara bana jAyeMge, tumhAre vaza meM hokara ve tumheM manobhilaSita dravya pradAna kreNge| ye saba vezyAyeM mujhe apane upArjita dhana kA AdhA bhAga detI haiM, lekina tU mujhe sabase priya hai, isaliye tU mujhe apanI kamAI kA kevala cauthA hI bhAga denaa| lekina narmadAsuMdarI ne hariNI vezyA kI eka na sunii| usane duSTa kAmuka puruSoM ko bulAkara narmadAsuMdarI ke zIlavrata kA bhaMga karane kI bharasaka ceSTA kI, phira apane dAsoM se laMbe DaMDe se use khUba pittvaayaa| lekina narmadAsuMdarI apane vrata se vicalita na huii| vahA~ kariNI nAma kI eka dUsarI vezyA rahatI thii| usane narmadAsuMdarI kI sahAyatA karane ke liye apane ghara meM use rasoiyana rakha lii| kucha samaya pazcAt hariNI kI mRtyu ho gaI aura narmadAsuMdarI ko TIkA karake sajadhaja ke sAtha use pradhAna gaNikA ke pada para baiThAyA gyaa| babbara rAjA ko jaba narmadAsaMdarI ke anupama sauMdarya kA patA lagA to usane apane daMDadhAriyoM ko bhejakara use bulAyA | vaha snAna kara aura vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta ho zibikA meM baiTha unake sAtha cala dii| rAste meM vaha eka bAvar3I meM pAnI pIne ke liye utarI aura jAnabUjha kara gaDDhe meM gira pdd'ii| usane apane zarIra para kIcar3a lapeTa liyA aura aMDabaMDa bakane lgii| daMDadhAriyoM ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA ki mahArAja vaha to kisI graha se pIr3ita mAlUma hotI hai| rAjA ne bhUtavAdI ko bulAyA lekina vaha bhI use svastha nahIM kara skaa| narmadAsuMdarI apane zarIra para kIcar3a mala kara eka khappara liye hue ghara-ghara bhikSA mA~gatI huI phirane lagI / apanI unmAda avasthA ko logoM ke sAmane dikhAne ke liye kabhI vaha nAcatI, kabhI phUtkAra karatI, kabhI gAtI aura kabhI hNstii| anta meM vaha jinadeva nAma ke zrAvaka se milI | narmadAsuMdarI ne apanA

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463 kumAravAlapaDiboha dharmabaMdhu samajha kara jinadeva se sArI bAteM khiiN| jinadeva vIradAsa kA mitra thA, vaha narmadAsuMdarI ko usake pAsa le gayA, aura isa prakAra kathA kI nAyikA ko dukhoM se chuTakArA milA | usane suistisUri ke caraNoM meM baiThakara zramaNI dIkSA grahaNa kI / kumAravAlapaDiboha (kumArapAlapratibodha) somaprabhasUri ne vi0 saM0 1241 (I0 sa0 1184 ) meM kumArapAlapratibodha, jise jinadharmapratibodha bhI kahA jAtA hai, kI racanA kI thii| somaprabha kA janma prAgvATa kula ke vaizya parivAra meM huA thaa| saMskRta aura prAkRta ke ye prakAMDa paMDita the| AcArya hemacandra ke upadezoM se prabhAvita ho gujarAta ke cAlukya rAjA kumArapAla ne jainadharma ko aMgIkAra kiyA thA, yahI isa kRti kA mukhya viSaya hai| rAjA kumArapAla kI mRtyu ke gyAraha varpa pazcAt isa graMtha kI racanA huI thii| yaha graMtha jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai, bIca-bIca meM apabhraMza aura saMskRta kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai / isameM pA~ca prastAva haiN| pA~cavA~ prastAva apabhraMza meM hai| saba milakara isameM 54 kahAniyA~ haiM, adhikAMza kahAniyA~ prAcIna jaina zAstroM se lI gaI haiN| pahale prastAva meM mUladeva kI kathA hai| ahiMsAvrata ke samarthana meM amarasiMha, dAmannaka, abhayasiMha aura kuMda kI kathAyeM AtI haiM / nala-damayantI kI kathA suprasiddha hai| nala kI bhartsanA karate hue eka jagaha kahA hai niTa Thuru nikkivu kAurisu ekuji nalu na hu bhaMti | mukka mahAsaI jeNa viNi nisisuttI damayaMtI // -nala ke samAna koI bhI niSThura, nirdaya aura kApuruSa 1. yaha graMtha gAyakavADa oriyaMTala sIrIz2a, bar3audA meM muni jinavijaya dvArA san 1920 meM sampAdita hokara prakAzita huA hai / isakA gujarAtI anubAda jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA kI ora se saMvat 1983 meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai|

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464 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nahIM hogA jo mahAsatI damayaMtI ko rAtri ke samaya sotI huI chor3akara calatA bnaa| ___ ujjayinI ke rAjA pradyota kI kathA jaina granthoM meM prasiddha hai| usake lohajaMgha, lekhAcArya, agnibhIru ratha aura nalagiri hAthI nAmake cAra rana the| azoka kI kathA se mAlUma hotA hai ki dhanika loga apane putroM ke caritra ko surakSita rakhane ke liye unheM vezyAoM ke svabhAva se bhalImA~ti paricita karA diyA karate the| dvArikAdahana kI kathA pahale A cukI hai| apabhraMza kA eka dohA dekhiye hiyaDA saMkuDi miriya jimva iMdiya-pasaru nivAri / jittiu pujjai paMguraNu tittiu pAu pasAri / / -hRdaya ko mirca (1) ke samAna saMkucita karo jisase indriyoM ke vistAra ko rokA jA ske| jitanI bar3I cAdara ho utane hI paira phailAne caahiye| / dUsare prastAva meM devapUjA ke samarthana meM devapAla, soma-bhIma, padmottara aura dIpazikha kI kathAyeM haiN| dIpazikha kI kathA se patA lagatA hai ki vidyA siddha karane ke liye sAdhaka loga zmazAna meM jAkara kisI kanyA kA vadha karate the| gurusevA ke samarthana meM rAjA pradezI aura lakSmI kI kathAyeM hai / kUlavAla kI kathA jaina AgamoM meM prasiddha hai| rAjA samprAti kI kathA bRhatkalpabhASya meM AtI hai| samprati ne AMdhra, dravir3a, Adi anArya samajhe jAnevAle dezoM meM apane yoddhA bhejakara jainadharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| rAjA kumArapAla kA apane guru AcArya hemacandra ke sAtha za@jaya, pAlitAnA giranAra Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA karane kA ullekha hai| tIsare prastAva meM caMdanabAlA, dhanya, kurucandra, kRtapuNya aura bharata cakravartI kI kathAyeM haiM / zIlavatI kI kathA bar3I manoraMjaka hai| zIlavatI ajitasena kI patnI thii| eka dina AdhI rAta ke samaya vaha ghar3A lekara apane ghara ke bAhara gaI aura bahuta

Page #477
kumArapAlapratibodha dera bAda lauttii| usake zvasura ko jaba isa bAta kA patA lagA to use zIlavatI ke caritra para zaMkA huI aura usane socA ki aba ise ghara meM rakhanA ucita nahIM | yaha socakara zIlavatI ko ratha meM baiThAkara vaha usake pIhara ke liye ravAnA ho gyaa| rAste meM eka nadI aaii| zIlavatI ke zvasura ne apanI patohU se kahA, "bahU, tuma jUte utAra kara nadI pAra kro|" lekina umane jUte nahIM utAre | zvasura ne socA, yaha bahU bar3I avinItA hai| Age calakara mUMga kA eka kheta milA | zvasura ne kahA, "dekho yaha kheta kitanA acchA phala rahA hai ! kheta kA mAlika isa dhana kA upabhoga kregaa|" zIlavatI ne uttara diyA, "bAta ThIka hai, lekina yadi yaha khAyA na jAye to|" zvasura ne socA ki bahU bar3I UTapaTAMga bAta karatI hai jo isa taraha bola rahI hai| Age calakara donoM eka nagara meM pahu~ce / vahA~ ke logoM ko Ananda-manna dekhakara zvasura ne kahA, "yaha nagara kitanA sundara hai !" zIlavatI ne uttara diyA-"ThIka hai, lekina yadi koI ise ujAr3a na de to|" kucha dUrI para unheM eka kulaputra milA | zvasura ne kahA, "yaha kitanA zUravIra hai !" zIlavatI ne uttara diyA, "yadi pITa na diyA jAye to|" zvasura ne socA, ThIka hai vaha zUravIra hI kyA jo pITA na gayA ho| Age calakara zIlavatI kA zvasura eka vaTa vRkSa ke nIce vizrAma karane baiTha gayA | zIlavatI dUra hI baiThI rhii| usake zvasura ne socA, yaha sadA ulaTA hI kAma karatI hai| thor3I dUra calane para donoM eka gA~va meM pahu~ce / isa gA~va meM zIlavatI ke mAmA ne usake zvasura ko bhI bulaayaa| bhojana karane ke pazcAt usakA zvasura ratha ke andara leTa gayA / zIlavatI ratha kI chAyA meM baiThI huI thii| itane meM babUla ke per3a para baiThe hue kauve ko bAra-bAra kA~va-kA~va karate dekhakara zIlavatI ne kahA, "are, tU kA~va-kA~va karatA huA thakatA nahIM ?" phira usane eka gAthA par3hI eke dunnaya je kayA tehiM nIhariya gharassa | bIjA dunnaya jai karauM to na milauM piyarassa / / 30 prA0 sA0

Page #478
466 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -eka durnIti karane se mujhe ghara se bAhara nikalanA pdd'aa| aura yadi aba maiM dUsarI durnIti karUMgI to priyatama se milanA na hogaa| zvasura ke pUchane para zIlavatI ne kahA "sorabbhaguNeNaM cheya-gharisaNAiNi caMdaNaM lahai / rAga-guNeNaM pAvai khaMDaNa-kaDhaNAI maMjiTThA / / -dekhiye, sugaMdhi ke kAraNa loga caMdana ko kATa kara ghisate haiM aura raMga ke kAraNa majITha ke Tukar3e kara pAnI meM ubAlate haiN| isI taraha mere guNa bhI mere zatru bana gaye, kyoMki maiM pakSiyoM kI bolI samajhatI hU~| AdhI rAta ke samaya gIdar3I kA zabda sunakara mujhe patA calA ki eka bhurdA pAnI meM bahA jA rahA hai aura usake zarIra para bahumUlya AbhUSaNa haiN| yaha jAnakara maiM phaurana hI ghar3A lekara nadI para phuNcii| murde ko maiMne nadI meM se nikAla liyA / usake AbhUSaNa utAra kara apane pAsa rakha liye aura usa murde ko gIdar3a ke khAne ke liye usake sAmane pheMka diyA | AbhUSaNoM ko ghar3e meM rakha kara maiM apane ghara calI aaii| isa prakAra eka durnIti ke kAraNa maiM isa avasthA ko prApta huI huuN| aba yaha kauA kaha rahA hai ki isa babUla ke per3a ke nIce bahuta sA suvaNe gar3A huA hai|" yaha sunakara zIlavatI kA zvasura bar3A prasanna huA, aura usane babUla ke per3a ke nIce se gar3A huA dhana nikAla liyA / vaha apanI putravadhU kI bahuta prazaMsA karane lagA, aura use ratha meM baiThAkara ghara vApisa le aayaa| rAste meM usane pUchA, "zIlavatI, tuma vaTa vRkSa kI chAyA meM kyoM nahIM baiThI ?" zIlavatI ne uttara diyA, "vRkSa kI jar3a meM sarpa Adi kA bhaya rahatA hai, aura Upara se pakSI bIMda karate haiM, isaliye dUra baiThanA hI acchA hai / " phira usane zUravIra kulaputra ke bAre meM prazna kiyaa| zIlavatI ne uttara diyA, "ThIka hai ki zUravIra mAra khAtA hai aura pITA jAtA hai

Page #479
kumArapAlapratibodha lekina asalI zUravIra vaha hai jo pahale prahAra nahIM karatA / " nagara ke saMbaMdha meM usane uttara diyA, "jisa nagara ke loga AgantukoM kA svAgata nahIM karate, use nagara nahIM kahA jAtA / " kheta ke saMbaMdha meM zIlavatI ne kahA, "vyApAra meM dravya kI vRddhi hone se yadi kheta kA mAlika dravya kA upabhoga kare to hI use upabhoga kiyA huA samajhanA cAhiye / " nadI ke bAre meM usane uttara diyA, "nadI meM jIva-jantu aura kA~ToM kA Dara rahatA hai, isaliye nadI pAra karate samaya maiMne jUte nahIM utaare|" __ zIlavatI kA zvasura apanI patohU se bahuta prasanna huA aura usane zIlavatI ko sAre ghara kI mAlakina banA diyA / ' kucha samaya bAda rAjA ne ajitasena kI buddhimattA se prasanna ho use apanA pradhAna maMtrI banA liyaa| eka bAra ajitasena ko rAjA ke sAtha kahIM paradeza meM jAnA pdd'aa| calate samaya zIlavatI ne apane pati ko eka puSpamAlA bheMTa karate hue kahA ki mere zIla ke prabhAva se yaha mAlA kabhI bhI nahIM kumhlaayegii| rAjA ko jaba isa bAta kA patA lagA to usane zIlavatI kI parIkSA ke lie apane mitra azoka ko usake pAsa bhejaa| azoka zIlavatI ke makAna ke pAsa eka ghara kirAye para lekara rahane lgaa| zIlavatI ne usase AdhA lAkha rupayA mAMgA aura rAtri ke samaya Ane ko kahA | idhara zIlavatI ne eka gaDDhA khudavA kara usake Upara eka suMdara palaMga bichavA diyaa| niyata samaya para azoka rupayA lekara AyA aura palaMga para baiThate hI gaDDhe meM gira pdd'aa| zIlavatI ne eka miTTI ke bartana meM DorI bA~dha use gaDDhe meM laTakA diyA aura usake jariye gaDDhe meM bhojana pahu~cAne lagI / usake bAda rAjA ne ratikeli, lalitAMga aura kAmAMkura' nAma 1. bauddhoM kI dhammapada aTThakathA meM mRgAramAtA vizAkhA kI kathA ke sAtha tulanA kIjiye; isa kathA ke hindI anuvAda ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, prAcIna bhArata kI kahAniyA~ / 2. haribhadrasUri kI samarAicakahA meM bhI ina nArmoM kA ullekha hai|

Page #480
kumArapAlapratibodha sira para rakhakara bAjAra meM bece jAne kA ullekha hai|' tArA apane putra ke sAtha ghara chor3akara calI jAtI hai| apane zIla ko surakSita rakhane ke liye use aneka kaSTa jhelane par3ate haiM / eka subhApita dekhiye sIhaha kesara saihi uru saraNAgao suhaDassa | maNi matthai AsIvisaha kiM dhippai amuyassa // -siMha kI jaTAoM, satI strI kI jaMghAoM, zaraNa meM Aye hue subhaTa aura AzIviSa sarpa ke mastaka kI maNi ko kabhI nahIM sparza karanA caahie| ___ jayasuMdarI kI kathA meM jogiyoM kA nirdeza hai| unheM khAdyaakhAdya, kArya-akArya aura gamya-agamya kA viveka nahIM hotaa| eka jogI dUsare jogI ko madya-pAna karAke usakI strI ko bhagAkara le jAtA hai| jayasuMdarI nagara ke zreSThI, maMtrI, purohita aura rAjA kI caritra-bhraSTatA dekhakara nirAza hotI hai| vaha ina 1. dUsare dezoM para dhAr3I mArakara rANA pratApasiMha dvArA lAI huI gauravarNa, solaha varSa kI panutI nAma kI dAsI ke bece jAne kA ullekha eka dAsIvikrayapatra meM milA hai| isa dAsI ke sira para tRNa rakkhe hue the aura ise khoTane, kUTane, lIpane, buhArane, pAnI bharane, mala-mUtra sApha karane, gAya-bhaiMsa duhane, aura dahI bilone Adi ke kAma ke lie 500 dramma meM kharIdA gayA thaa| dekhiye aiMziyeNTa vijJaptipatraka, DaoN. hIrAnanda dvArA 1942 meM bar3audA se prakAzita / isa patra kI nakala DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ke pAsa se mujhe milI hai| 2. milAiye : kivaNANaM dhaNaM NAANaM phaNAmaNI kesarAI sIhANaM / kulavAliANaM thaNaA kutto chippaMti amuaannN|| kAvyaprakAza, 10, 457 tathA keharakesa bhujaMgamaNa saraNAI suhaDAha / satI payohara krapaNaghana, paDasI hAtha muvAha / kanhaiyAlAla sahala, rAjasthAnI kahAvateM, pR0 296 /

Page #481
470 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa cAroM ko eka sandUka meM banda kara paMcoM ke pAsa le jAtI hai| tatpazcAt rukmiNI, pradyumna-zaMba, dharmayaza-dharmaghoSa viSNukumAra, prasannacandra, zAla-mahAzAla, ilAputra tathA jayavarma-vijayavarma kI kathAyeM haiN| cauthe prastAva meM ahiMsA, satya Adi bAraha vratoM kI bAraha kathAyeM likhI gaI haiN| makaradhvaja, puraMdara aura jayadratha kI kathAyeM saMskRta meM haiM / jayadrathakathA meM kuSmANDI devI kA ullekha hai| ___ pA~cavA~ prastAva apabhraMza meM hai| isakA adhyayana DaoNkTara elsaDorpha ne kiyA hai jo haimbarga se san 1928 meM prakAzita huA hai| jIvamanaHkaraNasaMlApakathA dhArmika kathAbaddha rUpaka kAvya hai jisameM jIva, mana aura indriyoM meM vArtAlApa hotA hai / deha nAmaka nagarI lAvaNya-lakSmI kA nivAsa sthAna hai| nagarI ke cAroM ora Ayukarma kA prAkAra hai, jisameM sukha, dukha, kSudhA, tRSA, harSe, zoka Adi aneka prakAra kI nAliyA~ aneka mArga haiN| isa nagarI meM AtmA nAmakA rAjA apanI buddhi nAmakI mahAdevI ke sAtha rAjya karatA hai| mana usakA pradhAna maMtrI hai, pA~ca indriyA~ pA~ca pradhAna puruSa haiN| AtmA, mana aura indriyoM meM vAda-vivAda chir3a jAne para mana ne ajJAna ko duHkha kA mUla kAraNa batAyA, AtmA ne mana ko doSI ThaharAyA aura mana ne indriyoM para doSAropaNa kiyaa| pA~coM indriyoM ke kulazIla ke saMbaMdha meM carcA hone para kahA gayA-"he prabhu, cittavRtti nAmakI mahA aTavI meM mahAmoha nAmakA rAjA apanI mahAmUDhA devI ke sAtha rAjya karatA hai| usake do putra haiM, eka rAga-kesarI, dUsarA dveSa-gajendra rAjA ke mahAmaMtrI kA nAma mithyAdarzana hai| mada, krodha, lobha, matsara aura kAmadeva Adi usake yoddhA haiM / eka bAra mahAmaMtrI ne upasthita hokara rAjA se nivedana kiyA ki mahArAja, cAritradharma nAmakA guptacara saMtoSa prajA ko jainapura meM le jAtA hai| yaha sunakara rAjA ne apane maMtrI kI sahAyatA ke liye indriyoM ko niyukta kiyaa|" isa

Page #482
kumArapAlapratibodha 471 prakAra kabhI indriyoM ko, kabhI karmoM ko aura kabhI kAmavAsanA ko duHkha kA kAraNa batAyA gayA | anta meM AtmA ne prazama kA upadeza dete hue jIvadayA aura vratapAlana dvArA manuSya jIvana ko sAthaka banAne kA Adeza diyA | apabhraMza padyoM meM raDDA, paddhaDiyA, aura pattA chandoM kA hI pradhAnatA se prayoga huA hai| isake bAda vikramAditya aura khapuTAcArya kI kathAyeM haiN| sthUlabhadrakathA meM brahmacarya vrata kA mAhAtmya batAyA hai| pATaliputra nagara meM navama nanda nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| zakaTAra usakA maMtrI thaa| usake sthUlabhadra aura zriyaka nAmake do putra the| eka bAra vasaMta Rtu ke dinoM meM sthUlabhadra kozA nAmaka gaNikA ke prAsAda meM gayA aura usake saundarya para mugdha hokara vahIM rahane lgaa| usI nagara meM vararuci nAmakA eka vidvAn brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usakI cAlAkI se jaba zakaTAra ko prANadaMDa de diyA gayA to rAjA ko cintA huI ki maMtrI ke pada para kise niyukta kiyA jAye | sthUlabhadra kA AcaraNa ThIka na thA, isaliye usake choTe bhAI zriyaka ko hI maMtrI banAyA gayA / sthUlabhadra ne sAMsArika bhoga-vilAsa kA tyAga kara jaina dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura ve kaThora tapasyA meM lIna ho gye| eka bAra unake guru ne apane ziSyoM ko cAturmAsa ke samaya kisI kaThina vrata ko svIkAra karane kA Adeza diyaa| eka ziSya ne kahA ki vaha cAra mahIne taka siMha kI guphA meM rahegA, dUsare ne dRSTiviSa sarpa ke bila ke pAsa, aura tIsare ne kuMe ke arahaTa ke pAsa baiThakara dhyAna meM lIna hone kI pratijJA kI / lekina sthUlabhadra ne pratijJA kI ki vaha brahmacarya vrata kA bhaMga kiye binA cAra mahIne taka kozA ke ghara meM rheNge| apanI pratijJA ke anusAra muni sthUlabhadra cAturmAsa meM kozA ke ghara aaye| kozA ne samajhA ki sthUlabhadra kaThora tapa se ghabarA kara Aye haiM, lekina kozA kA saundarya aura usake hAvabhAva muni sthUlabhadra ko apane vrata se vicalita na kara ske|

Page #483
472 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa naMdana rAjakumAra kI kathA saMskRta meM hai| dazArNabhadra kI kathA prAcIna jaina granthoM meM milatI hai| v pAiakahAsaMgaha ( prAkRtakathAsaMgraha) paumacaMdasUri ke kisI ajJAtanAmA ziSya ne vikkamasaNacariya nAmaka prAkRta kathAgraMtha kI racanA kI thii| isa kathAgraMtha meM AI huI caudaha kathAoM meM se bAraha kathAyeM prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM dI gaI haiN| isase adhika granthakartA aura usake samaya Adi ke saMbaMdha meM aura kucha jAnakArI nahIM miltii| prAkRtakathAsaMgraha kI eka prati saMvat 1598 meM likhI gaI thI, isase patA lagatA hai ki mUla graMthakAra kA samaya isase pahale hI honA cAhiye / isa saMgraha meM dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAvanA, samyaktva, navakAra tathA anityatA Adi se saMbaMdha rakhanevAlI cunI huI sarasa kathAyeM haiN| jinameM aneka laukika aura dhArmika AkhyAna kahe gaye haiN| dAna meM dhanadeva aura dhanadatta kI kathA tathA samyaktva ke prabhAva meM dhanazreSThI kI kathA dI gaI hai| kathaka nAma ke seTha ke dharmavatI nAmakI bhAryA thii| usake putra nahIM hotA thA, isaliye usane apane pati se dUsarA vivAha karane kA anurodha kiyaa| kathaka ne dUsarA vivAha kara liyaa| kucha samaya bAda kAlIdevI kI upAsanA se kathaka kI donoM patniyoM ke putra utpanna hue | kRpaNa zreSThI kI kathA meM lakSmInilaya nAmake eka kRpaNa seTha kA varNana hai jo eka kaur3I bhI dAna-dharma meM kharca nahIM karatA thaa| dAna ke Dara se vaha kisI sAdhu-saMta ke pAsa bhI na jAtA aura logoM se milanA-julanA bhI usane chor3a diyA thaa| usake ghara meM pahanane ke naye vastra taka nahIM the / jaba usakI patnI ke putra huA to vaha use ThIka se khAnA bhI nahIM detA thaa| apane putra ko pAna khAte hue dekhakara vaha lAla-pIlA ho jaataa| 1. vijayAnanda sUrIzvara jI jaina graMthamAlA meM san 1959 meM bhAvanagara se prakAzita /

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473 prAkRtakathAsaMgraha khAne-pIne ke Upara bApa beToM meM lar3AI huA karatI / anta meM usake putra ne taMga Akara munidIkSA le lii| jayalakSmI devI ke kathAnaka meM aghora nAmake yogIndra kA ullekha AtA hai jo maMtra-taMtra kA vettA thaa| rAtri ke samaya pUjA kI sAmagrI lekara nizcala dhyAna meM AsIna hokara vaha nabhogAminI vidyA siddha karane lagA | suMdarI devI ke kathAnaka meM suMdarI kI kathA hai / vaha dhaNasAra nAmake zreSThI kI kanyA thI, tathA zabda, tarka, chaMda, alaMkAra, upanibaMdha, kAvya, nATya, gIta aura citrakarma meM kuzala thI / vikramarAjA kA caritra sunane ke pazcAt vaha usase mana hI mana prema karane lgii| idhara usake mAtA-pitA ne siMhaladvIpa ke kisI zreSThI ke putra ke sAtha usakI sagAI kara dii| ujjainI meM suMdarI kA vacanasAra nAmakA eka bhAI rahatA thA / suMdarI ne ratnoM kA eka thAla bhara kara aura usake Upara eka suMdara totA baiThAkara use vikramarAjA ko dene ko khaa| rAjA ne tote kA peTa phAr3akara dekhA to usameM se eka suMdara hAra aura kastUrI se likhA huA eka premapatra milaa| patra meM likhA thA-"maiM tumhAre guNoM kA sadA dhyAna karatI rahatI hU~, aisA vaha kauna sA kSaNa hogA jaba ye nayana tumhArA darzana kreNge| vaizAkha vadI dvAdazI ko siMhaladvIpa ke nivaNAga nAmaka zreSThIputra ke sAtha merA vivAha hone vAlA hai| he nAtha ! mere zarIra ko tumhAre sivAya aura koI sparza nahIM kara sakatA | aba jaisA ThIka samajho zIghra hI kro|" rAjA ne patra par3hakara zIghra hI agnivetAla bhRtya kA smaraNa kiyA, aura turata hI samudramArga se ujjainI hotA huA ratnapura ko ravAnA ho gyaa| navakAramaMtra kA prabhAva batAne ke liye saubhAgyasundara kI kathA varNita hai| kisI AdamI ko nadI meM bahatA huA ghar3e ke AkAra kA eka bijaurA (bIjaura) dikhAI detA hai| vaha use le jAkara rAjA ko de detA hai, rAjA apanI rAnI ko detA hai| rAnI usa svAdiSTa phala ko khAkara vaise hI dUsare phala kI mAMga karatI hai, aura usake na milane para bhojana kA tyAga kara detI hai|

Page #485
474 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa aneka kalAoM meM kuzala koI yogIndra zmazAna meM Asana mAra kara nabhogAminI bahurUpiNI vidyA siddha karatA hai| tapa kA prabhAva batAne ke liye mRgAMkarekhA aura aghaTaka kI kathAyeM varNita haiN| dharmadatta kathAnaka meM dharmadattakumAra kI kathA hai| yazadhavala nAmakA koI seTha gajapura nagara meM rahatA thA / zAsanadevI kI upAsanA se usake dharmadatta nAmakA putra huaa| bar3e hone para tihuNadevI ke sAtha usakA vivAha ho gyaa| kucha samaya bAda usakI dhanArjana kI icchA huI aura vaha apanI patnI ke sAtha paradeza ke liye ravAnA ho gyaa| rAste meM use kUTa nAmakA eka brAhmaNa milAtInoM Age bddh'e| rAta ho jAne para dharmadatta ne brAhmaNa se koI kahAnI sunAne ke liye kahA / brAhmaNa ne uttara diyA ki yadi mujhe 500 dramma pezagI do to maiM koI anubhavapUrNa kahAnI sunA sakatA hU~ | dharmadatta ne use muMhamAMgA rupayA de diyaa| brAhmaNa ne eka zloka par3hA nIyajaNeNaM mittI kAyavvA neva puriseNa | -puruSa ko nIca AdamI ke sAtha mitratA nahIM karanI caahiye| dharmadatta ne kahA, kyA basa itanI sI bAta ke liye tumane mujha se itanA rupayA aiMTha liyaa| brAhmaNa ne uttara diyA-"yadi eka hajAra dramma do to aura bhI bar3hiyA kahAnI sunAU~ / " dharmadatta ne phira use muMhamAMgA rupayA de diyA | abakI bAra brAhmaNa ne par3hakara sunAyA mahilAe vissAso kAyavvo neva kaiyA vi / -mahilAoM kA vizvAsa kabhI nahIM karanA cAhiye / kahAnI sunAkara brAhmaNa ne dharmadatta se kahA ki yadi tuma ina donoM kathAnakoM ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa karoge to kabhI hAra nahIM mAna sakate / calate samaya brAhmaNa ne maMtrAbhiSikta jo kI muTThI bhara kara dharmadatta ko dete hue kahA ki ye jau bone ke sAtha hI uga aayeNge| jo lekara dharmadatta Age bar3hA | nagara ke rAjA

Page #486
prAkRtakathAsaMgraha ko ratnoM kI bheMTa dekara usane prasanna kiyaa| rAjA ne bhI use zulka se mukta kara diyaa| usa nagarI meM gaMgadatta nAmakA koI dhUrta rahatA thA / maukA pAkara usane dharmadatta se mitratA kara lii| zanaiH zanaiH tihuNadevI ke pAsa bhI vaha nissaMkoca bhAva se Ane-jAne lgaa| eka dina rAjA ne dharmadatta se pUchA ki yadi tumane koI Azcarya dekhA ho to kho| dharmadatta ne kahA"mahArAja ! mere pAsa aise jau haiM jo bote ke sAtha hI uga sakate haiN| lekina isa bIca meM gaMgadatta ne tihuNadevI se gAMTha-sAMTha kara brAhmaNa ke diye hue maMtrAbhipikta jo idhara-udhara karavA diye, jisase rAjA ke samakSa apanI pratijJA pUrNa na karane ke kAraNa dharmadatta bar3A zarmindA huA / anta meM kUTa nAmaka brAhmaNa ko bulAyA gyaa| usane kahA-"mere sunAye hue donoM AkhyAna tuma bhUla gaye ho, tathA nIca puruSa kI mitratA ke kAraNa aura mahilAoM kA vizvAsa karane ke kAraNa tumhArI yaha dazA huI hai|" bhAvanA kA prabhAva pratipAdita karane ke liye bahubuddhi kI kathA varNita hai / bahubuddhi caMpA ke rahanevAle buddhisAgara maMtrI kA putra thA / vaha sAhitya, tarka, lakSaNa, alaMkAra, nighaMTu, zabda, kAvya, jyotiSa, nimitta, saMgIta aura zakunazAstra kA paMDita thA / eka dina maMtrI ne use eka hAra rakhane ke liye diyA, lekina bahubuddhi par3hane meM itanA vyasta rahatA thA ki vaha hAra rakhakara kahIM bhUla gyaa| gaMgaDa nAmake naukara ne vaha hAra curA liyaa| maMtrI ne bahubuddhi se hAra mAMgA aura vaha use na de skaa| isa para buddhisAgara ko bahuta krodha AyA aura usane apane putra ko ghara se nikAla diyA / bahubuddhi ghUmatA-phiratA jayantI nagarI meM AyA aura vahA~ kisI suvarNazreSThI ke ghara Akara rahane lgaa| eka dina usakI dUkAna para gaMgaDa corI kA hAra becane AyA / subuddhi ne apanA hAra pahacAna liyA, lekina gaMgaDa ne kahA vaha hAra usI kA hai| donoM lar3ate-jhagar3ate rAjA ke pAsa gaye / subuddhi jIta gayA, lekina cAlAkI se rAjA ne hAra apane pAsa

Page #487
476 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa rakha liyA aura use bahubuddhi ko lauTAne se inkAra kara diyA / anta meM apane buddhikauzala se bahubuddhi ne usa hAra ko prApta kara liyA / anityatA ko samajhAne ke liye samudradatta kI kathA varNita hai / yahA~ dhanArjana kI mukhyatA batAI gaI hai ki paDhieNaM ? buddhIe kiM ? va kiM tassa guNasamUheNa ? jo piyaraviDhantadhaNaM bhuMjai ajaNasamattho vi // -par3hane se kyA lAbha ? buddhi se kyA prayojana ? guNoM se kyA tAtparya ? yadi koI dhanopArjana meM samartha hote hue bhI apane pitA ke dvArA arjita dhana kA upabhoga karatA hai| samudrayAtrA ke varNana meM mArga meM kAlikA vAyu calatI hai jisase jahAja TUTa jAtA hai| bahuta se yAtriyoM ko apane prANoM se vaMcita honA par3atA hai| zreSThIputra ke hAtha meM lar3akI kA eka takhtA par3a jAtA hai, aura usake sahAre vaha kisI parvata ke kinAre jA lagatA hai| vahA~ se suvarNabhUmi pahu~cakara vaha sone kI IMTeM prApta karatA hai / karma kI pradhAnatA dekhiye ahvA na dAyavyo doso kassa vi keNa kaiyA vi / puvvajjiyakammAo havaMti jaM sukkhdukkhaaii|| -athavA kisI ko kabhI bhI doSa nahIM denA cAhiye, pUrvopArjita karma se hI sukha-dukha hote haiN| malayasuMdarIkahA isameM mahAbala aura malayasuMdarI kI praNayakathA kA varNana hai| durbhAgya se isa kathA ke kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai| lekina dharmacandra ne isake Upara se saMskRta meM saMkSipta kathA kI racanA kI, isase isa kathA kA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva hI mAnA jAtA hai| jinadattAkhyAna jinadattAkhyAna ke kartA sumatisUri haiM jo pADicchayagacchIya

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jinadattAkhyAna AcArya sarva devasUri ke ziSya the| isake sivAya graMthakartA kA koI vizeSa paricaya nahIM milatA | racanA sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| yahA~ bahuta sI paheliyA~ dI huI haiN| kathA kA nAyaka jinadatta caMpAnagarI ke vimalaseTha kI kanyA vimalamati ke sAtha vivAha karatA hai| use jUA khelane kA zauka hai| jUe meM vaha apanA saba dhana kho detA hai, aura paradeza-yAtrA ke liye nikala par3atA hai| dadhipura nagara meM pahu~cakara vaha apane kauzala se mahAvyAdhi se pIr3ita rAjakanyA zrImatI ko nIroga karatA hai aura anta meM usake sAtha jinadatta kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| jinadatta zrImatI ke sAtha samudra-yAtrA karatA hai| mArga meM koI vyApArI kisI bahAne se jinadatta ko samudra meM Dhakela detA hai| kisI TUTe hue jahAz2a kA koI takhtA usake hAtha laga jAtA hai aura usake sahAre tairakara vaha samudra ke kinAre laga jAtA hai| rathanUpuracakravAla nagara meM rAjakanyA aMgAravatI se usakA vivAha hotA hai| eka dina use apanI patnI zrImatI kI yAda AtI hai aura vaha aMgAravatI ke sAtha vimAna meM baiThakara dadhipura kI ora prasthAna karatA hai / mArga meM caMpA ke eka udyAna meM kisI sAdhvI ke pAsa baiThakara abhyAsa karatI huI vimalamati aura zrImatI para usakI najara par3atI hai | apane vimAna ko vaha nIce utAratA hai, aura aMgAravatI ko chor3akara vidyA ke bala se apanA vAmana rUpa banAkara vahIM rahane lagatA hai| yahA~ para rahate hue jinadatta gIta, vAdya, vinoda Adi dvArA caMpA nagarI ke nivAsiyoM kA manoraJjana karatA hai| isI avasara para gupta rIti se vaha vimalamati, zrImatI aura aMgAravatI nAmaka tInoM patniyoM kA manoraMjana karatA hai| yahA~ caMpA kI rAjakanyA ratisuMdarI se jinadatta kA vivAha hotA hai / aMta meM jinadatta apanI patriyoM ke samakSa apane vAstavika 1. yaha graMtha siMghI jaina graMthamAlA meM san 1953 meM jinadattAkhyAnadvaya ke nAma se prakAzita huA hai / isameM jinadatta ke do AkhyAna diye gaye haiM, eka ke kartA sumatisUri haiM, aura dUsare ke ajJAta haiN|

Page #489
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa rUpa ko prakaTa kara detA hai aura apanI cAroM patniyoM ke sAtha AnandapUrvaka rahane lagatA hai| kAlAMtara meM mAtA-pitA kI anumatipUrvaka apanI patniyoM aura mitroM ke sAtha vaha dIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai| paheliyA~ dekhiye(1) kiM maruthalIsu dulahaM ? kA vA bhavaNassa bhUsaNIbhaNiyA ? kaM kAmai selasuyA ? kaM piyai juvANao tuTTho ? uttr-ktaahr| -marusthala meM kaunasI vastu durlabha hai ? ke (jl)| ghara kA bhUSaNa kauna kahA jAtA hai ? kaMtA (kaaNtaa)| pArvatI kisakI icchA karatI hai ? haraM (zivajI kii)| kisakA pAna kara yuvA saMtuSTa hotA hai ? kAMtAdharam (kAMtA ke adhara kaa)| (2) kiM kArei ahaMgaM, purasAmI ? kA purI dahamuhassa ? __kA dunnaeNa labbhai ? virAyae kerisA tarUNI ? uttr-saalNkaaraa| -nagara kA svAmI abhaMgarUpa (ahaMga) se kise banAtA hai ? sAlaM (prAkAra ko)| rAvaNa kI nagarI kA kyA nAma hai ? laMkA / dunIti se kyA prApta hotA hai ? kArA ( kArAgRha) / kaisI yuvatI zobhA ko pAtI hai ? alaMkAroM se bhUSita ( saalNkaaraa)| subhASita dekhiye(1) do tinni vAsarAiM sAsurayaM hoi saggasAricchaM / pacchA paribhavadAvAnaleNa savvattha pajjalai // -~-do-tIna dina taka hI zvasura kA ghara svarga ke samAna mAlUma hotA hai, bAda meM parAbhava kI agni se vaha cAroM ora se jalane lagatA hai| (2) ranne jalammi jalaNe, dujaNajaNasaMkaDe va visamammi | jIha vva daMtamajhe naMdai apamattayA jutto //

Page #490
zrIpAlakathA -apramAda se yukta sAvadhAna vyakti jaMgala, jala, agni aura durjana janoM se saMkIrNa hone para bhI dA~toM ke bIca meM rahanevAlI jIbha kI bhA~ti Ananda ko prApta hotA hai| (3) te kaha na vaMdaNijjA, je te dadaThUNa prklttaaii| dhArAya vva vasahA, vaccaMti mahiM paloyaMtA // -aise loga kyoM vaMdanIya na hoM jo para-strI ko dekhakara varSA se Ahata vRSabhoM kI bhA~ti nIce jamIna kI ora mu~ha kiye cupacApa cale jAte haiM ? (4) ucchUgAme vAso seyaM vatthaM sagorasA sAlI / iTThAya jassa majjA piyayama ! kiM tassa rajjeNa ? -he priyatama ! IkhavAle gA~va meM vAsa, sapheda vastroM kA dhAraNa, gorasa aura zAli kA bhakSaNa tathA iSTa bhAryA jisake maujUda hai use rAjya se kyA prayojana ? yahA~ aMghiya aura nallaJca (?) Adi jUoM ke ullekha haiN| ADatiga ( yAnavAhaka, ADatIyA-gujarAtI), simvaligA ( sAMpa kI piTArI), kosallia (bheMTa) Adi zabdoM kA prayoga yahA~ dekhane meM AtA hai| bauddha dharma ke upAsakoM ko upAsaka aura jainadharma ke upAsakoM ko zrAvaka kahA gayA hai| pUrvakAla kI ukti ko kathAnaka aura thor3e dinoM kI ukti ko vRttAnta kahA hai| kezotpATana aura asnAna Adi kriyAoM ke kAraNa zramaNadharma ko ati duSkara mAnA jAtA thA / 'andhe ke hAtha kI lakar3I' (aMdhalayajahi) kA prayoga milatA hai| (2) sirivAlakahA (zrIpAlakathA) zrIpAlakathA ke kartA sulatAna phIrojazAha tug2alaka ke samakAlIna ranazekharasUri haiN| unake ziSya hemacandra ne isa kathA ko vi0 saM0 1428 (san 1371) meM lipibaddha kiyaa| isakI bhASAzailI sarala hai, aura vividha alaMkAroM kA 1. vADIlAla jIvAbhAI caukasI dvArA san 1932 meM ahamadAbAda se prkaashit|

Page #491
480 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa isameM prayoga hai| mukhya chaMda AryA hai| kucha padya apabhraMza meM bhI haiN| saba milAkara isameM 1342 padya haiM jinameM zrIpAla kI kathA ke bahAne siddhacakra kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai| zrIpAlacaritra kA pratipAdana karanevAle aura bhI AkhyAna saMskRta aura gujarAtI meM likhe gaye haiN| ___ ujjainI nagarI meM prajApAla nAma kA eka rAjA thaa| usake do rAniyA~ thIM, eka saubhAgyasuMdarI aura dUsarI rUpasuMdarI / pahalI mAhezvara kula se AI thI, aura dUsarI zrAvaka ke ghara paidA huI thii| pahalI kI putrI kA nAma surasuMdarI, dUsarI kI putrI kA nAma madanasuMdarI thaa| donoM ne adhyApaka ke pAsa lekha, gaNita, lakSaNa, chaMda, kAvya, tarka, purANa, bharatazAstra, gIta, nRtya, jyotiSa, cikitsA, vidyA, maMtra, taMtra aura citrakarma Adi kI zikSA prApta kI / jaba donoM rAjakumAriyA~ vidyAdhyayana samApta karake lauTIM to rAjA ne unheM eka samasyApada 'punnihiM labbhai ehu' pUrNa karane ko diyA / surasundarI ne par3hA dhaNajuvvaNasuviyaDDhapaNa, rogarahia nia dehu / maNavallaha melAvaDau, punnihiM labbhai ehu|| -dhana, yauvana, suvicakSaNatA, rogarahita deha kA honA, aura mana ke vallabha kI prApti, yaha saba puNya se milatA hai| madanasundarI ne nimnalikhita gAthA par3hI viNayaviveyapasaNNamaNu sIlasunimmaladehu / paramappaha melAvaDau, punnihiM labbhai ehu|| -vinaya, viveka, mana kI prasannatA, zIla, sunirmala deha aura paramapada kI prApti, yaha saba puNya se milatA hai / eka dina rAjA ne apanI putriyoM se pUchA ki tuma loga kaisA vara cAhatI ho / surasuMdarI ne uttara diyA tA savvakalAkusalo, taruNo vararUvapuNNalAyanno / erisau hoi varo, ahavA tAo cia pamANaM // 1. dekhiye jaina graMthAvali, pRSTha 234, 161 /

Page #492
zrIpAlakathA -jo saba kalAoM meM kuzala ho, taruNa ho aura rUpa-lAvaNya se saMpanna ho, vahI zreSTha vara hai, nahIM to phira jaisA Apa ucita smjhe| madanasuMdarI ne uttara diyAjeNa kulabAliyAo na kahaMti haveDa esa majjha vro| 'jo kira piUhiM dino, so ceva pamANiyavvutti / / -kulIna bAlikAyeM apane vara ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahatIM / jo vara mAtA-pitA unake liye khoja dete haiM, vahI unheM mAnya hotA hai| tatpazcAt madanasundarI ne kahA-pitA jI, apane karmoM se saba kucha hotA hai, puNyazIla kanyA ko khoTe kula meM dene se bhI vaha sukhI hotI hai, aura puNyahIna kanyA ko acche kula meM dene se bhI vaha dukha bhogatI hai| rAjA ko yaha sunakara bahuta krodha aayaa| usane socA ki yaha lar3akI to merA kucha bhI upakAra nahIM mAnatI, apane karma ko hI mukhya batAtI hai| rAjA ne gusse meM Akara eka kor3hI se madanasuMdarI kA vivAha kara diyaa| madanasundarI ne usa kor3hI ko apanA pati svIkAra kiyA aura vaha usakI sevA-zuzrUSA karatI huI samaya yApana karane lgii| kAlAMtara meM siddhacakra ke mAhAtmya se kor3hI kA kor3ha naSTa ho gayA aura donoM AnandapUrvaka rahane lge| yahI kor3hI isa kathA kA nAyaka zrIpAla hai| zrIpAla ko aneka maMtra-taMtra, rasAyanoM aura jar3I-bUTiyoM kI prApti huii| samudrayAtrA ke prasaMga para vaDasaphara, pavahaNa, beDiya (ber3A), vegaDa, silla (sita =pAla ), Avatta (gola nAva), khurappa aura bohittha' nAma ke jalayAnoM kA ullekha hai| jaba jalayAna calAne para bhI nahIM cale to vaNik logoM ko 1. aMgavijjA ke 33veM adhyAya meM bhI jalayAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 31 prA0 sA0

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282 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bar3I cintA huI aura battIsa lakSaNoM se yukta kisI paradezI kI bali dene kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| babbaradeza meM pahu~cakara vahA~ ke adhipati se zrIpAla kA yuddha hotA hai, aura anta meM babbara rAjakumArI madanasenA ke sAtha zrIpAla kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| Age calakara vidyAdharI kanyA madanamaMjUSA se usakA vivAha hotA hai| sArthavAha dhavalaseTha zrIpAla kI hatyA kara usakI patniyoM ko hathiyAnA cAhatA hai| zrIpAla ko vaha samudra meM girA detA hai| zrIpAla kisI magara kI pITha para baiThakara koMkaNa ke taTa para ThANA (Ajakala bhI isI nAma se prasiddha) nAma ke nagara meM pahu~catA hai| yahA~ kSetrapAla, maNibhadra, pUrNabhadra, kapila aura piMgala, pratihAradeva aura cakrezvarI devI kA ullekha hai jo dhavalaseTha ko mArane ke liye udyata ho jAte haiN| aura bhI kanyAoM se zrIpAla kA vivAha hotA hai| marahaTTa, soraTha, lADa, mevAr3a Adi hotA huA vaha apanI AThoM patniyoM ke sAtha mAlavA pahu~catA hai| ujjainI meM vaha apanI mAtA ke darzana karatA hai| madanasundarI ko vaha paTTarAnI banAtA hai aura dhavalazreSThI ke putra vimala ko kanakapaTTapUrvaka zreSThI pada para sthApita karatA hai| siddhacakra kI vaha pUjA karatA hai aura amAri kI ghoSaNA karatA hai| isa prakAra rAjA zrIpAla apane rAjya kA saMcAlana karatA huA apane kuTuMba parivAra ke sAtha dharmadhyAnapUrvaka samaya bitAtA hai| rayaNaseharIkahA ( ratnazekharIkathA) jayacandrasUri ke ziSya jinaharSagaNi prAkRta gadya-padyamaya isa prAkRta graMtha ke lekhaka haiM jo pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM hue haiM / ' isa prantha kI racanA cittaur3a meM huI hai| jinaharSagaNi ne vasupAlacaritra, samyaktvakaumudI tathA viMzatisthAnaka 1. AtmAnaMda jaina granthamAlA meM vi0 saM0 1974 meM nirNayasAgara baMbaI se prkaashit|

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ratnazekharIkathA 483 caritra Adi kI bhI racanA kI hai| ye saMskRta aura prAkRta ke bar3e paMDita aura anubhavI vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| unhoMne bar3I sarasa aura praur3ha zailI meM isa kathA kI racanA kI hai / ranazekharIkathA meM parva aura tithiyoM kA mAhAtmya batAyA hai| gautama gaNadhara bhagavAna mahAvIra se poM ke phala ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karate haiM aura usake uttara meM mahAvIra rAjA ratnazekhara aura ratnavatI kI kathA sunAte haiN| ranazekhara ranapura kA rahanevAlA thA, usake mahAmaMtrI kA nAma thA matisAgara | ratnazekhara rAjakumArI ratnavatI ke rUpa kI prazaMsA sunakara vyAkula ho uThatA hai| matisAgara joginI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara siMhaladvIpa' kI rAjakumArI ratnavatI se milane jAtA hai / kuzalavArtA ke pazcAt rAjakumArI joginI se usake nivAsa sthAna ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karatI hai| joginI uttara detI hai kAyApATaNi haMsa rAjA pharai pavanatalAra | tINai pATaNi vasai jogI jANai jogavicAra / / ekaI maDhalI pAMcajaNAho chaTThaho vasai caNDAlo / nIkAlatA na nikalai re tINa kio vittaalo| -kAyArUpI nagarI meM haMsarUpI rAjA rahatA hai, vahA~ pavanarUpI nagara-rakSaka prakaTa hotA hai| usa nagarI meM jogI basatA hai, vaha joga kA vicAra karanA jAnatA hai| eka maMDalI meM pA~ca AdamI haiM, chaThA cANDAla rahatA hai| use nikAlane se bhI vaha nahIM nikalatA, usane saba kucha bigAr3a diyA hai| yoga-vicAra ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karane para joginI ne 'vajrAMgayonigudamadhya' ko prabhinna karane para mokSa kI prApti btaaii| tatpazcAt ratnavatI ne apane ghara kI prApti ke saMbaMdha meM - 1. DaoNkTara gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA ne isakI pahacAna cittaur3a se karIba 40 mIla pUrva meM siMgolI nAmaka sthAna se kI hai| ojhA nibandha-saMgraha, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 281 /

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484 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa joginI se pUchA / usane uttara diyA ki jo koI kAmadeva ke maMdira meM dyUtakrIr3A karatA huA vahA~ para tumhAre praveza ko rokegA, vahI tumhArA vara hogaa| matisAgara maMtrI ne lauTakara saba samAcAra rAjA ratnazekhara ko sunaayaa| rAjA atyaMta prasanna huaa| rAjA ne apane maMtrI ke sAtha siMhaladvIpa kI ora prayANa kiyA aura vahA~ kAmadeva ke maMdira meM pahu~cakara vaha apane maMtrI ke sAtha dyUtakrIDA karane lgaa| ratnavatI bhI apanI sakhiyoM ko lekara vahA~ kAmadeva kI pUjA karane aaii| maMdira meM kucha puruSoM ko dekhakara ratnavatI kI sakhI ne una logoM se kahA ki hamArI svAminI rAjakumArI kisI puruSa kA mu~ha nahIM dekhatI, vaha yahA~ kAmadeva kI pUjA karane AI hai, isaliye Apa loga maMdira se bAhara cale jaayeN| maMtrI ne uttara diyA ki hamArA rAjA ratnazekhara bahuta dUra se AyA hai, apane parivAra ke sAtha milakara vaha dyUtakrIDA kara rahA hai, vaha kisI nArI kA mu~ha nahIM dekhatA, isaliye tuma apanI svAminI ko kaho ki abhI maMdira meM praveza na kare| sakhI ne rAjA ke rUpa kI prazaMsA karate hue rAjakumArI se jAkara kahA ki koI apUrva rUpadhArI rAjA maMdira meM baiThA huA dyUtakrIDA kara rahA hai| rAjakumArI ko turata hI joginI ke vacanoM kA smaraNa ho AyA / harSa se pulakita hokara usane maMdira meM praveza kiyaa| itane meM rAjakumArI ko dekhakara rAjA ne vastra se apanA mu~ha DhaMka liyA / ratnavatI ne mu~ha DhaMkane kA kAraNa pUchA to maMtrI ne uttara diyA ki hamAre rAjA nAriyoM kA mu~ha nahIM dekhate / ratnavatI ne prazna kiyA ki nAriyoM ne aisA kauna sA pApa kiyA hai| maMtrI ne uttara diyAketA kahuuM nAritaNA vicAra kuDAM karaI koDigame apAra | bolaI savihurnu virUu~ tinITu jANaiM nahI borataNauM je bITa / / 1 // kathA na pothe na purANi kIdhI je bAta devAtani na prasiddhI / kimai na sujhaiM kihirahiM ji bola nArI pisAcI ti bhaNai nittol||2|| kuDAtaNI koDi karaI karAvaI nArI sadA sAcapuNuM jaNAvaI /

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jinadattAkhyAna rUDAtaNI rahADi sadaiva mAMDaI nIcAtaNi saMgi svadharmachAMDaiM // 3 // ' -nArI ke vicAroM ke saMbaMdha meM maiM kitanA kahU~, ve kitanA apAra kUTa-kapaTa karatI haiM, saugandha khA-khAkara jhUTha bolatI haiM, bera kI guThalI jitanA bhI unako bAta kA jJAna nhiiN| jo bAta na kathA meM hai, na pothI-purANa meM hai, devatAoM meM bhI jo bAta prasiddha nahIM, aura jo bAta kisI ko nahIM sUjhatI, vaha niSThura bola pizAcI nArI bolatI hai| vaha karor3oM kUTa-kapaTa svayaM karatI aura dasaroM se karAtI hai, isameM vaha apanA saccApana jatA detI hai| rUDhiyoM se vaha sadaiva cipaTI rahatI hai, lakIra kI phakIra hotI hai, aura nIca ke saMga se apane dharma ko chor3a detI hai| lekina ratnavatI ne kahA ki ye saba bAteM kulIna striyoM ke saMbaMdha meM nahIM kahI jA sakatIM, jo aisA kahatA hai usakA manuSya janma hI nirarthaka hai| __ astu, anta meM ranazekhara aura ratnavatI kA bar3I dhUmadhAma se vivAha hotA hai| donoM ratnapara lauTa Ate haiM aura bar3e sajadhaja ke sAtha nagarI meM praveza karate haiN| donoM jainadharma kA pAlana karate haiM tathA vrata, upavAsa, aura prauSadha Adi meM apanA samaya yApana karate haiN| 'eka bAra kaliMgadeza ke rAjA ne janapada para car3hAI kara dii| sAmantoM ne kSubdha hokara jaba rAjA ratnazekhara ko yaha saMvAda sunAyA to uttara meM unhoMne kahA ki Aja merA prauSadha hai, aura isa prakAra kI pApAnubaMdhI kathA tuma logoM ko nahIM karanI cAhiye / kisI mAnanIya vyakti ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA-mahArAja ! aise samaya kSatriya kula ko kalaMkita karanevAle tathA kAyara janoM dvArA sevita isa dharma kA Apako pAlana nahIM karanA cAhiye / 1. yahA~ taNA, taNauM, taNI, kIdhI, mAMDaI Adi rUpa gujarAtI ke haiN| 2. milAiye-malika muhammada jAyasI kI 'padmAvata' aura jaTamala ke 'gorA bAdala kI bAta' kI kathA ke sAtha /

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486 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa lekina rAjA ne kisI kI bAta na mAnI aura vaha Atmadharma kI mukhyatA kA hI pratipAdana karatA rhaa| yahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki jainadharma ke prabhAva se vijayalakSmI rAjA ratnazekhara ko hI prApta huii| eka bAra jaba rAjA ne prauSadha upavAsa kara rakkhA thA to RtusnAtA ratnavatI putra kI icchA se usake pAsa gaI lekina rAjA ne kahA ki kisI bhI hAlata meM vaha apane vrata ko bhaMga nahIM kara sakatA | ratnavattI ko bar3I nirAzA huii| vaha kupita hokara kisI dAsa ke sAtha hAthI para baiThakara bhAga gii| rAjA ne ghor3e para baiThakara usakA pIchA kiyA, lekina use na pA sakA / yahA~ bhI yahI dikhAyA gayA hai ki yaha kevala indrajAla thA aura vAstava meM rAjA aura rAnI donoM hI dhArmika pravRttiyoM meM apanA samaya yApana kara rahe the| prAkRta aura saMskRta kI yahA~ aneka sUktiyA~ dI huI haiM jA dave hoi maI, ahavA taruNIsu ruvavantIsu / tA jai jiNavaradhamme, karayalamajjhaTThiA siddhI / -jitanI buddhi dhana meM athavA rUpavatI taruNiyoM meM hotI hai, utanI yadi jinadharma ke pAlana meM lagAI jAye to siddhi hAtha meM AI huI smjhiye| jinapratimA aura jinabhavana kA nirmANa karAnA tathA jinapUjA karanA parama pavitra kArya samajhA jAne lagA thaa| dekhiyeputraM prasUte kamalAM karoti rAjyaM vidhatte tanute ca rUpam / pramArTi dukkhaM duritaM ca hanti jinendrapUjA kulakAmadhenuH // -jinendra pUjA se putra kI utpatti hotI hai, lakSmI kI prApti hotI hai, rAjya milatA hai, manuSya rUpavAna hotA hai, isase dukha aura pApa kA nAza hotA hai, jinendrapUjA kula kI kAmadhenu hai| * brata, upavAsa aura parvo kA mahatva bhI bahuta bar3hatA jA rahA thA

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mahIpAlakathA nhANaM cIvaraghoaNa matthaya-guMthaNa ababhaceraM ca / khaMDaNa pIsaNa pIlaNa vajjeyavvAiM pvvdinne|| -snAna karanA, vastra dhonA, sira gUMthanA, abrahmacarya, khoTanA, pIsanA aura pelanA yaha saba parva ke dinoM meM varjita hai| vara-kanyA ke saMyoga ke saMbaMdha meM ukti hai: katthavi varo na kannA katthavi kannA na suMdaro bhattA / varakannA saMjogo aNusariso dullaho loe / -kabhI vara acchA mila jAtA hai lekina kanyA acchI nahIM hotI, kabhI kanyA sundara hotI hai, lekina vara sundara nahIM miltaa| vara aura kanyA kA eka dUsare ke anurUpa milanA isa loka meM durlabha hai| viyoga dukha kA varNana dekhiye diNa jAyai jaNavattaDI puNa rattaDI na jAi / ___ aNurAgI aNurAgI sahaja sariSauM mAi / -dina to gapazapa meM bIta jAtA hai, lekina rAta nahIM biittii| he mAM ! anurAgI anurAgI se milakara eka samAna ho jAtA hai| strI ko kauna sI vastue~ priya hotI haiM thIaha tinni piyAraDA kali kajala sinduur| anai viseNi piyAraDAM dUdha jamAI tUra // -triyoM ko tIna vastue~ priya hotI haiM- kalaha, kAjala aura sindUra | aura ina se bhI adhika unakI priya vastue~ haiM-dUdha, jamAI aura baajaa| mahivAlakahA ( mahIpAlakathA) mahivAlakahA prAkRta padya meM likhI huI vIradevagaNi' kI racanA hai| isa grantha kI prazasti se itanA hI patA calatA hai 1. zrIhIrAlAla dvArA saMzodhita yaha graMtha vikrama saMvat 1998 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA hai|

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488 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ki devabhadrasUri candragaccha meM hue the| unake ziSya siddhasenasUri aura siddhasenasUri ke ziSya municandrasUri the| vIradevagaNi municandra ke ziSya the / viSayavastu ke vivecana ko dekhate hue yaha racanA arvAcIna mAlUma hotI hai| ___ mahIpAla ujjainI nagarI ke rAjA ke pAsa rahatA thaa| vaha aneka kalAoM meM niSNAta thaa| eka bAra rAjA ne gusse meM Akara ise apane rAjya se nikAla diyaa| apanI patnI ke sAtha ghUmatA-phiratA mahIpAla bhaDauMca meM AyA aura vahA~ se jahAja meM baiThakara kaTAhadvIpa kI ora calA gyaa| rAste meM jahAja bhagna ho gayA aura bar3I kaThinAI se kisI taraha vaha kinAre para lgaa| kaTAhadvIpa ke ratnapura nagara meM pahu~ca kara usane rAjakumArI candralekhA ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| isake bAda vaha candralekhA ke sAtha jahAz2a meM baiThakara apanI pUrva patnI somazrI kI khoja meM nikalA | dekhabhAla ke lie rAjA kA atharvaNa nAmakA maMtrI unake sAtha claa| rAste meM rAjaputrI ko prApta karane aura dhana ke lobha se usane mahIpAla ko samudra meM dhakkA de diyaa| rAjaputrI candralekhA bar3I dukhI huI, aura vaha cakrezvarI devI kI upAsanA meM lIna ho gaI / udhara mahIpAla samudra ko tairakara kisI nagara meM AyA aura usane zaziprabhA ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| zaziprabhA se usane khaTvA, lakuTa aura sarvakAmita vidyAyeM siikhiiN| usake bAda mahIpAla ratnasaMcayapura nagara meM AyA, aura yahA~ cakrezvarI ke mandira meM use apanI tInoM striyA~ mila gii| nagara ke rAjA ne mahIpAla ko sarvaguNasampanna jAnakara maMtrI pada para baiThAyA aura apanI putrI candrazrI kA usase vivAha kara diyA / mahIpAla apanI cAroM striyoM ko lekara ujjainI vApisa lauttaa| anta meM jainadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara mahIpAla ne mokSa prApta kiyA / isa kathA meM navakAramaMtra kA prabhAva, caNDIpUjA, zAsanadevatA kI bhakti, yakSa aura kuladevI kI pUjA, bhUtoM kI bali, jinabhavana kA nirmANa, kevalajJAna kI prApti hone para devoM dvArA kusuma-varSA,

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mahIpAlakathA 489 AcAryoM kA kanaka ke kamala para AsIna honA Adi viSayoM kA varNana kiyA hai| vezyAsevana ko varjita batAyA hai| sone-cA~dI (sovanniyahaTTa) aura kapar3e kI dukAnoM (dosiyahaTTa) kA ullekha hai / ur3ate hue ciDDe kI ( uDDiya ciDu vva ) upamA dI gaI hai| DiDDiriyA zabda kA mer3hakI ke artha meM prayoga huA hai| isake sivAya ArAmasohAkathA (samyaktvasaptati meM se uddhRta), aMjanAsundarIkathA, aMtaraMgakathA, anantakIrtikathA, ArdrakumArakathA, jayasundarIkathA, bhavyasundarI kathA, naradevakathA, padmazrIkathA, pUjASTakakathA, pRthvIcandrakathA, pratyekabuddhakathA, brahmadattAkathA, vatsarAjakathA, vizvasenakumArakathA, zaMkhakalAvatIkathA, zIlavatIkathA, sarvAMgasundarIkathA, sahasramallacaurakathA, siddhasenAdidivAkarakathA, surasundaranRpakathA, suvratakathA, susamAkathA, somazrIkathA, harizcandrakathAnaka Adi kitane hI kathAgranthoM kI prAkRta meM racanA kI gii| isI prakAra mauna ekAdazIkathA Adi kathAyeM tithiyoM ko lekara tathA gaMDayassakathA, dharmAkhyAnakakoza, maMgalamAlAkathA Adi saMgraha-kathAyeM likhI gaIM / ' 1. dekhiye jaina graMthAvali, zrI jaina zvetAmbara kAnpharensa, muMbaI, vi. saM0 1965, pRSTha 247-268 /

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aupadezika kathA-sAhitya dharmadezanA jainakathA-sAhitya kA mukhya aMga rahA hai / isaliye isa sAhitya meM kathA kA aMza prAyaH kama rahatA hai, saMyama, zIla, dAna, tapa, tyAga aura vairAgya kI bhAvanAoM kI hI isameM pradhAnatA rahatI hai| jainadharma ke upadezoM kA pracAra . karane ke liye hI jaina AcAryoM ne isa sAhitya kI racanA kI thii| isa uddezya kI pUrti ke liye upadezamAlA nAma ke aneka granthoM kI racanA huii| udAharaNa ke liye dharmadAsa, padmasAgara, maladhAri hemacandra Adi ne upadezamAlA, tathA jayasiMha aura yazodeva Adi vidvAnoM ne dharmopadezamAlA nAma ke pRthak-pRthak kathA-granthoM kI racanA kI jayakIrti ne sIlovaesamAlA likhI / haribhadra ne upadezapada, munisuMdara ne upadezaratnAkara, zAMtisUri ne dharmaratna, AsaDa ne upadezakaMdali Adi upadezAtmaka graMtha likhe| isI prakAra upadezaciMtAmaNi, upadezaratnakoza, saMvegaraMgazAlA, vivekamaMjarI Adi kitane hI kathApranthoM kI racanA huI jinameM tyAga cairAgya ko mukhya batAyA gayA / upaesamAlA (upadezamAlA) . vividha puSpoM se gUMthI huI mAlA kI bhA~ti dharmadAsagaNi ne pUrva RSiyoM ke dRSTAMtapUrvaka jinavacana ke upadezoM ko isa upadezamAlA meM guMphita kiyA hai|' isa kathA ko vairAgyapradhAna kahA 1. yaha graMtha jainadharmaprasArakasabhA kI ora se san 1915 meM prakAzita huA hai| ratnaprabhasUri (san 1982) kI doghaTThI TIkA sahita AnaMdahemajainagraMthamAlA meM san 1958 meM prkaashit| yahA~ prAkRta pacoM ko saMskRta meM samajhAyA gayA hai aura kathAe~ prAkRta meM

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upadezamAlA 421 gayA hai jo saMyama aura tapa meM prayatna na karanevAle vyaktiyoM ko sukhakara nahIM hotii| upadezamAlA meM kula milAkara 544 gAthAyeM haiN| granthakAra ne apanI isa kRti ko zAMti denevAlI, kalyANakArI, maMgalakArI Adi vizeSaNoM dvArA ullikhita kiyA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra dharmadAsagaNi mahAvIra ke samakAlIna batAye gaye haiM, lekina ve IsavI san kI cauthIpA~cavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| isa grantha para jayasiMha, siddharSi, rAmavijaya aura ratnaprabhasUri ne TIkAyeM likhI haiN| siddharSi kI heyopAdeya nAmaka TIkA para ajJAtakartRka bRhadvRtti kI racanA huii| udayaprabha ne bhI uvaesamAlA ke Upara karNikAvRtti likhii| ye donoM vRttiyA~ aprakAzita haiN| Age calakara isake anukaraNa para dharmopadezamAlA Adi kI racanA huii| isameM cAra vizrAma haiN| pahale vizrAma meM raNasiMha, caMdanabAlA, prasannacandra, bharata aura brahmadatta Adi kI kathAyeM haiN| dUsare vizrAma meM mRgAvatI, jambUsvAmI, bhavadeva, kuberadatta, makaradAr3hA vezyA, bhautAcArya, cilAtiputra, harikeza, vanasvAmI, vasudeva Adi kI kathAyeM haiN| jambUsvAmI kI kathA meM yogarAja aura eka puruSa kA saMvAda hai| tIsare vizrAma meM zAlibhadra, metAryamuni, pradezI rAjA, kAlakAcArya, vAratraka muni, sAgaracanda, gozAla, zreNika, cANakya, Arya mahAgiri, satyaki, anikAputra, cAra pratyeka buddha Adi kI kathAyeM haiN| caturtha vizrAma meM zelakAcArya, puMDarIka-kaMDarIka, dardura, sulasa, jamAli Adi kI kathAyeM haiN| ziSya ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai thaddhA chiddappehI, avaNNavAI sayaMmaI cavalA / vaMkA kohaNasIlA, sIsA uvveagA guruNo / rUsai coijjato, vahaI hiyaeNa aNusayaM bhaNio / na ya kamhi karaNijje, gurussa Alo na so siiso|| -abhimAnI, chidrAnveSaNa karanevAle avarNavAdI, svayaMmati, capala, vakra aura krodhI svabhAvavAle ziSya guru ke liye udvega

Page #503
492 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kArI hote haiM / jo kucha kahane para ruSTa ho jAte haiM, kahI huI bAta ko mana meM rakhate haiM, karttavya kA ThIka se pAlana nahIM karate, aise ziSya ziSya nahIM kahe jA sakate / rAga-dveSa ke sambandha meM ukti haiko dukkhaM pAvijjA ? kassa va sukkhehiM bimhao hunjA ? ko va na labhija mukkhaM ? rAgahosA jai na hujjA ? -yadi rAga-dveSa na hoM to kauna dukha ko prApta kare ? kauna sukha pAkara vismita ho ? aura kise mokSa kI prApti na ho ? kapaTagraMthi ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai jANijai ciMtijai, jammajarAmaraNasaMbhavaM dukkhaM / na ya visayesu virajaI, aho subaddho kavaDagaMThI / / -yaha jIva janma, jarA aura maraNa se utpanna honevAle dukha ko jAnatA hai, samajhatA hai, phira bhI viSayoM se virakta nahIM hotaa| kapaTa kI yaha gA~Tha kitanI dRr3ha ba~dhI huI hai ! vinaya ko mukhya batAyA haiviNao sAsaNe mUlaM, viNIo saMjao bhave / viNayAo vippamukkassa, kao dhammo kao tavo ? -zAsana meM vinaya mukhya hai| vinIta hI saMyata ho sakatA hai| jo vinaya se rahita hai usakA kahA~ dharma hai aura kahA~ usakA tapa hai ? uvaesapada (upadezapada) upadezapada yAkinImahattarA ke dharmaputra aura virahAMka pada se prakhyAta haribhadrasUri kI racanA hai, jo kathA sAhitya kA anupama bhaNDAra hai| granthakartA ne dharma kathAnuyoga ke mAdhyama se isa kRti meM manda buddhivAloM ke prabodha ke lie jainadharma ke upadezoM ko sarala laukika kathAoM ke rUpa meM saMgRhIta kiyA hai| isameM 1036 gAthAyeM haiM jo AryA chanda meM likhI gaI haiN| upadezapad ke Upara syAdvAdaratnAkara ke praNetA vAdideva sUri ke guru muni

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upadezapad 493 candrasUri kI sukhabodhinI nAma kI TIkA hai jo prAkRta aura saMskRta meM padya aura gadya meM likhI hai, aura aneka subhASitoM aura sUktiyoM se bharapUra hai; aneka subhASita apabhraMza meM haiN| municandra sUri prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASAoM ke bar3e acche vidvAn the, aura aNahillapATa nagara meM vikrama saMvat 1174 meM unhoMne isa TIkA kI racanA kI thii|' sarvaprathama manuSya-janma kI durlabhatA batAI gaI hai| collaka, pAzaka, dhAnya, dyUta, ratna, svapna, cakra, carma, yUpa aura paramANu nAmaka dasa dRSTAntoM dvArA isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dhAnya kA udAharaNa dete hue batAyA hai ki yadi samasta bharata kSetra ke dhAnyoM ko milA kara unameM eka prastha sarasoM milA dI jAye to jaise kisI durbala aura rogI vRddhA strI ke liye usa thor3I sI sarasoM ko samasta dhAnyoM se pRthak karanA atyanta kaThina hai, usI prakAra aneka yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karate hue jIva ko manuSya janma kI prApti durlabha hai / ratna ke dRSTAnta dvArA kahA gayA hai ki jaise samudra meM kisI jahAja ke naSTa ho jAne para khoye hue ratna kI prApti durlabha hai, vaise hI manuSya janma kI prApti bhI durlabha samajhanI cAhiye / vinaya kA pratipAdana karane ke liye zreNika kA dRSTAMta diyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM vRddhakumArI (vaDukumArI) kI . AkhyAyikA dI hai ! sUtradAna meM nandasundarI kI kathA kA ullekha hai| buddhi ke cAra bheda batAye haiM-autpattikI, vainayikI, karmajA aura pAriNAmikA | aneka padoM dvArA inake vistRta udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA gayA hai / bharatazilA nAmaka pada meM rohaka kI kathA dI hai / rAjA usakI aneka prakAra se buddhi kI parIkSA kara anta meM use apanA pradhAna maMtrI banA letA hai / aura bhI aneka paheliyoM aura praznottaroM ke rUpa meM manoraMjaka AkhyAna yahA~ 1. muktikamala jaina mohanamAlA, bar3audA se san 1923-5 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita /

Page #505
494 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa diye gaye haiM jo bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiN| ___ eka bAra kisI bauddha bhikSu ne giragiTa ko apanA sira dhunate hue dekhA / usI samaya vahA~ eka zvetAmbara sAdhu upasthita huaa| bauddha bhikSu ne use dekha kara ha~sI meM pUchA-"he kSullaka ! tuma to sarvajJa ke putra ho,' batAo yaha giragiTa apanA sira kyoM dhuna rahA hai ?" kSullaka ne turata uttara diyA,-"zAkyavati ! tumheM dekha kara cintA se Akula ho yaha Upara-nIce dekha rahA hai| tumhArI DAr3hI-mUMcha dekhakara ise lagatA hai ki tuma bhikSu ho, lekina jaba vaha tumhAre lambe zATaka (cIvara) para dRSTi DAlatA hai to mAlUma hotA hai tuma bhikSuNI ho| isake sira dhunane kA yahI kAraNa hai|" bhikSu becArA niruttara ho gyaa| __ eka bAra kisI raktapaTa (bauddha bhikSu) ne kSullaka se prazna kiyA-"isa venyAtaTa nAmaka nagara meM kitane kaue haiM ?" kSullaka ne uttara diyA-"sATha hajAra" bauddha bhikSu ne pUchA-"yadi isase kama-jyAdA hoM to ?" kSullaka ne uttara diyA-"yadi kama haiM to samajha lenA cAhiye ki kucha videza cale gaye haiM, aura adhika haiM to samajhanA cAhiye ki bAhara se kucha mehamAna A gaye haiN|" kisI bAlaka kI nAka meM khelate-khelate lAkha kI eka golI calI gii| jaba bAlaka ke pitA ko patA lagA to usane eka sunAra ko bulAyA / sunAra ne garama lohe kI eka salAI nAka meM DAlakara lAkha kI golI ko tor3a diyaa| usake bAda usane salAI ko pAnI meM DAlakara ThaMDhA kara liyaa| phira use nAka meM DAlakara golI bAhara khIMca lii| eka bAra mUladeva aura kaNDarIka nAma ke dhUrta kahIM jA rahe the| rAste meM unhoMne bailagAr3I meM apanI taruNa patnI ke sAtha 1. jainadharma meM sarvajJa kI mAnyatA kA yaha cihna kahA jA sakatA hai|

Page #506
upadezapada 495 eka puruSa ko jAte hue dekhA | taruNI ko dekhakara kaMDarIka kA mana caMcala ho utthaa| usane yaha bAta mUladeva se khii| mUladeva ne kaNDarIka ko eka vRkSoM ke jhuramuTa meM chipA diyA, aura svayaM rAste meM Akara khar3A ho gyaa| jaba vaha purupa apanI strI ke sAtha gAr3I meM baiThA huA vahA~ pahu~cA to mUladeva ne usase kahA"dekho, merI patnI vRkSoM ke jhuramuTa meM leTI huI hai, vaha prasavakAla meM hai, isaliye jarA dera ke liye apanI patnI ko vahA~ bheja do| puruSa ne mUladeva kI prArthanA svIkAra kara lii| kucha samaya pazcAt kaNDarIka ke sAtha krIr3A samApta ho cukane para vaha mUladeva ke samakSa upasthita ho ha~satI huI usase kahane lagI-"he priya ! tumhAre putra utpanna huA hai|" phira apane pati ko lakSya karake usane nimnalikhita dohA par3hA khaDi gaDuDI bailla tuhu~, beTA jAyA tA~ha / raNNivi hu~ti milAvar3A mitta sahAyA jA~ha / / -tumhArI gAr3I aura baila khar3e hue haiM, usake beTA huA hai| jisake mitra sahAyaka hote haiM usakA araNya meM bhI milApa ho jAtA hai| koI bauddha bhikSu sandhyA ke samaya calate-calate thaka kara kisI digaMbara sAdhuoM kI vasati (avAuDavasahI) meM Thahara gyaa| digaMbara sAdhuoM ke upAsakoM ko yaha bAta acchI na lgii| unhoMne use daravAjevAle eka koThe meM rakha diyA / kucha hI dera bAda jaba vaha bhikSu sone lagA to, vahA~ eka dAsI upasthita huI aura usane jhaTa se andara se daravAjA banda kara liyaa| bauddha bhikSu samajha gayA ki ye loga mujhe badanAma karanA cAhate haiN| usane koTharI meM jalate hue dIpaka meM apanA cIvara jalA DAlA | saMyogavaza vahIM para use eka pIchI bhI rakkhI huI mila gii| basa prAtaHkAla digambara veSa meM apane dAhine hAtha se dAsI ko pakar3a kara jaba vaha koTharI se bAhara nikalA to logoM ne use dekhA | bhikSu U~ce svara meM cillA kara digambara

Page #507
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa sAdhuoM kI ora lakSya karake kahane lagA-"jaisA maiM hU~, vaise hI ye saba haiN|" vainayika buddhi ke udAharaNa dete hue TIkAkAra ne 18 prakAra kI lipiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-haMsalipi, bhUtalipi, yakSI, rAkSasI, uDDI, yavanI, phuDukkI, kIDI, daviDI, siMdhaviyA, mAlaviNI, naTI, nAgarI, lATalipi, pArasI, animittA, cANakyI, mUladevI / khar3iyA miTTI ke akSara banAkara khela-khela meM lipi kA jJAna karAyA jAtA thaa| ___ rAvaNa ke caritra kA ullekha karate hue yahA~ rAjA dazaratha kI tIna priya rAniyA~ batAI gaI haiM-kauzalyA, sumitrA aura kekyii| inhoMne krama se rAma, lakSmaNa, aura bharata ko janma diyaa| kisI samaya dazaratha ne rAnI kekayI se prasanna hokara use vara diyaa| kekayI ne kahA, samaya Ane para mA~gUMgI / rAma ke bar3e hone para jaba dazaratha ne use apane pada para baiThAnA cAhA to kekayI ne bharata ko rAjya dene ke liye rAjA se kahA / rAmacandra ko isa bAta kA patA lagA aura ve lakSmaNa aura sItA sahita vana jAne ke liye udyata ho gye| tInoM mahArASTra maMDala ke kisI gahana vana meM jAkara rahane lge| rAvaNa kA pahale se hI sItA ke prati dRr3ha anurAga thaa| vaha chala karake vahA~ AyA aura puSpaka vimAna meM sItA ko baiThAkara laMkApurI le gayA / hanumAna ne rAmacandra ko sItA ke laMkA meM hone kA samAcAra diyaa| tatpazcAt rAma ne laMkA pahu~ca kara apane baMdhu ke sAtha rAvaNa kA vadha kara sItA ko prApta kiyA | caudaha varSa ke pazcAt rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA ayodhyA lauTe | rAma kI anujJApUrvaka lakSmaNa kA abhiSeka kiyA gayA / kucha samaya bItane para logoM ne rAvaNa ke ghara rahane ke kAraNa sItA para zIlabhraSTa hone kA Aropa lgaayaa| yaha dekhakara eka dina sItA kI kisI sauta ne apane rUpa ke liye saMsAra bhara meM prasiddha rAvaNa kA citra . banAne ke liye sItA se anurodha kiyaa| lekina sItA rAvaNa

Page #508
upadezapada ke kevala pairoM kA hI citra banA sakI (usake Upara sItA kI dRSTi hI nahIM pahuMcI thii)| isa citra ko apanI kuTila buddhi se sItA kI sauta ne rAmacandra ko dikhAte hue kahAdekhiye mahArAja, abhI bhI yaha rAvaNa kA moha nahIM chodd'tii| yaha jAnakara rAmacandra sItA se bahuta asaMtuSTa hue / ' gUDhAmasUtra kI piMDaparIkSA meM pAdalita AcArya kA udAharaNa diyA hai| pAriNAmikI buddhi ke udAharaNa meM vajrasvAmI ke carita kA varNana hai| stUpendra ke udAharaNa meM kUlavAlaga nAmaka RSi kA AkhyAna hai| yaha RSi guru ke zApa se tApasa Azrama meM jAkara rahane lgaa| mAgadhikA vezyA ne use khAne ke liye laDDU diye aura vaha vezyA ke vazIbhUta ho gyaa| Age calakara vaha vaizAlI nagarI ke vinAza kA kAraNa huaa| kisI rAjA kI sabhA meM koI bhI maMtrI nahIM thaa| use sumati nAma ke kisI aMdhe brAhmaNa kA patA lgaa| rAjA ne rAste meM lagI huI bera kI jhAr3I, azva aura kanyAoM kI parIkSA karA kara use maMtrI pada para niyukta kiyaa| veda kA rahasya samajhAne ke liye guru ne parvataka aura nArada ko vadha karane ke liye eka-eka bakarA dekara unakI parIkSA kI | ahiMsA ko sarva dharmoM kA sAra kahA hai| AryamahAgiri aura Aryasuhasti kA yahA~ AkhyAna diyA hai| dazArNapura eDakakSapura nAma se bhI kahA jAtA thA, isakI utpatti kA nidarzana kiyA hai| gajAprapad' 1. brajabhASA ke lokagItoM meM yaha prasaMga AtA hai| antara kevala itanA hI hai ki sauta kA sthAna yahA~ nanada ko milatA hai| dekhiye DAkTara satyendra, brajaloka sAhitya kA adhyayana, pR0 137-138 / 2. gajAnapadagiri kA dUsarA nAma dazArNakUTa thaa| yaha dazANapura (eDakAkSapura, eracha, jilA jhA~sI ) meM avasthita thaa| gajAnapadagiri ko indrapada nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| isake cAroM ora tathA Upara aura nIce bahuta se gA~va the| dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiMziyeNTa iNDiyA, pR0 284, 283 / 32 prA0sA0

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498 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tIrtha meM AcArya mahAgiri ne pAdopagamana dhAraNa kara mukti prApta kI / avantisukumAla kA AkhyAna varNita hai| zuddha AjJA ke binA kriyAphala kI zUnyatA batAI gaI hai / govindavAcaka kA AkhyAna diyA hai / ye bauddha dharma ke anuyAyI mahAvAdI the aura zrIguptasUri se vAda meM parAjita hokara inhoMne jainadharma meM dIkSA grahaNa kI thI / brahmadatta cakravartI kI kathA dI gaI hai| dUsare bhAga meM deva dravya kA svarUpa aura deva dravya ke rakSaNa kA phala pratipAdita kiyA hai| vratoM ko samajhAne ke liye sudarzana seTha Adi ke udAharaNa diye haiN| aNuvrata-pAlana meM somA kI kathA dI hai| upakathAoM meM jhuMTana vaNika kI eka sarasa kathA dI hai, isameM rUpaka dvArA dharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| dhana seTha ke putra aura zaMkha seTha kI putrI donoM kA vivAha ho gyaa| durbhAgya se dhana-sampatti naSTa ho jAne se ve daridra ho gye| dhana-putra kI patnI ne apane pati ko usake mAyake jAkara jhuMTaNaka nAmakA pazu lAne ke liye kahA | usane kahA ki isa pazu ke romoM se kImatI kambala taiyAra kara hama loga apanI AjIvikA calAyeMge, lekina tuma rAta-dina use apane sAtha rakhanA, nahIM to vaha mara jaayegaa| apanI patnI ke kahane para dhana-putra jhuMTaNaka ko apane zvasura ke ghara se le AyA, lekina use eka bagIce meM chor3akara ghara meM apanI patnI se milane cala diyaa| patnI ke pUchane para usane uttara diyA ki use to vaha eka bagIce meM chor3a AyA hai| yaha sunakara usakI patnI ne apanA sira dhuna liyA / isa udAharaNa dvArA yahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki jaise dhana-putra nAma kA saMsArI jIva apanI patnI ke utsAhapUrNa vacanoM ko sunakara jhuMTaNaka ko pAne ke liye apane zvasura ke yahA~ gayA aura use apane ghara le AyA, isI prakAra mohanIya karma ke kSayopazama se yaha jIva guru ke pAsa upasthita hokara dharma prApta karanA cAhatA hai, aura dharma ko vaha prApta kara bhI letA hai| lekina jaise dhana-putra mandabhAgya ke kAraNa lokopahAsa ke bhaya se pazu ko chor3a detA hai, usI

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upadezapada 499 prakAra dIrghasaMsArI hone ke kAraNa dharma ko prApta karake bhI yaha jIva ajJAna Adi ke kAraNa use surakSita nahIM rakha sktaa| dharmaAdikA lakSaNa pratipAdana karate hue upadezapada meM kahA haiko dhammo jIvadayA, kiM sokkhamaroggayA u jIvassa | ko ho sambhAvo, kiM paMDiccaM priccheo| kiM visamaM kajjagatI, kiM laddhavvaM jaNo guNaggAhI / kiM suhagejha suyaNo, kiM duggejha khalo loo||' -dharma kyA hai ? jIva dayA / sukha kyA hai ? Arogya | sneha kyA hai ? sadbhAva / pAMDitya kyA hai ? hitAhita kA viveka | viSama kyA hai ? kArya kI gati | prApta kyA karanA cAhiye ? manuSya dvArA guNa-grahaNa / sukha se prApta karane yogya kyA hai ? sajjana puruSa / kaThinatA se prApta karane yogya kyA hai ? durjana puruSa / ___ mahAvrata adhikAra meM samiti gupti kA svarUpa aura unake udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| nandiSeNa carita ke antargata vasudeva kI kathA hai| nAgazrI ke carita meM draupadI kA AkhyAna hai| dezavirati guNasthAna kA prarUpaNa karate hue ratisundarI Adi ke udAharaNa diye haiN| dharmAcaraNa meM zaMkhakalAvatI kA udAharaNa hai| isa prasaMga para zakkara aura ATe se bhare hue vatana ke ulaTa jAne, khA~Damizrita sattu aura ghI kI kuMDI palaTa jAne tathA uphAna se nikale hue dUdha ke hAtha para gira jAne se kisI sajjana puruSa ke kuTuMba kI dayanIya dazA kA citraNa TIkAkAra ne kiyA hai aha so sakkaracunnamajjhigayapunnu viloTTaI / khaMDummIsiyasattukuMDidhaya bAhu plotttti| vAujjAyaM kaDhiyaduddhi lahasi hatthaha paDiyaM / jaM daiviM sajaNakuDuMba erisa nimmaviyaM // zaMkhakalAvatI ke udAharaNa meM kapilanAmaka brAhmaNa kA 1. yaha gAthA kAvyAnuzAsana (pR. 395), kAvyaprakAza (10-529) aura sAhityadarpaNa (pR0 815) meM kucha heraphera ke sAtha uddhRta hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AkhyAna hai / yaha brAhmaNa gaMgA ke kinAre rahatA thA aura zaucadharma kA pAlana karatA thaa| eka dina usane socA ki gaMgA meM manuSya, kutte, gIdar3a aura billI Adi sabhI kI viSThA bahatI hai, jisase gaMgA kA jala gaMdA ho jAtA hai / isaliye manuSya aura pazuoM se rahita kisI anya dvIpa meM jAkara mujhe rahanA cAhiye jisase maiM zaucadharma kA nirvighna pAlana kara skuuN| isa bAta ko usa brAhmaNa ne kisI mallAha se kahA aura vaha mallAha use apanI nAva meM baiThAkara cala diyaa| kisI dvIpa meM pahu~ca kara brAhmaNa ne Ikha kA kheta dekhA, aura vaha vahA~ ganne cUsakara apanA samaya yApana karane lagA | jaba ganne cUsate-cUsate usake donoM hoTha chila gaye to vaha socane lagA ki kyA hI acchA hotA yadi Ikha para bhI phala lagA karate jisase logoM ko ganne cUsane kI mehanata na karanI pdd'tii| khoja karate-karate use eka jagaha puruSa kI sUkhI huI viSThA dikhAI dI; Ikha kA phala samajhakara vaha usakA bhakSaNa karane lgaa| bAda meM vaNik ne use samajhAyA aura saddharma kA upadeza diyaa| Age calakara zaMkharAjarSi aura caura RSi kI kathAyeM dI haiN| duSamAkAla meM bhI caritra kI saMbhAvanA batAI gaI hai| svapnASTakoM kA varNana hai| sarpa aura garur3a kI pUjA, tathA kanyAvikraya kA ullekha hai| vAkya, mahAvAkyArtha Adi bhedoM kA pratipAdana hai| lokarUDhityAga kA upadeza hai| dharmaratna prApti kI yogyatA ko udAharaNapUrvaka samajhAyA hai| viSayAbhyAsa meM zuka aura bhAvAbhyAsa meM narasundara kA AkhyAna diyA hai / zuddhayoga meM durgata nArI tathA zuddhAnuSThAna meM ratnazikha kI kathA dI hai| dharmopadezamAlA-vivaraNa dharmopadezamAlA aura usake vivaraNa ke racayitA kRSNamuni ke ziSya jayasiMha sUri haiN|' dharmadAsa gaNI kI 'upadezamAlA' 1. paMDita lAlacanda bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI dvArA sampAdita siMghI jaina graMthamAlA meM 1949 meM prakAzita /

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dharmopadezamAlA-vivaraNa 501 kA anukaraNa karake jayasiMhasUri ne saMvat 615 (IsavI san 858) meM gadya-padya mizrita isa kathA-prantha kI racanA kI hai| isa kRti meM 18 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM 156 kathAyeM guMphita haiN| aneka sthAnoM para kAdaMbarI ke gadya kI kAvyamaya chaTA dekhane meM AtI hai| jayasiMhasUri alaMkArazAstra ke paMDita the| isa grantha meM aneka dezoM, maMdiroM, nadiyoM, sarovaroM Adi ke prAkRtika dRzyoM ke varNana haiM, tathA premapatrikA, praznottara, pAdapUrti, vakrokti, vyAjokti, gUDhokti Adi ke udAharaNa yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiN| mahArASTrI bhASA ko sulalita pada-saMcAriNI hone ke kAraNa kAminI aura aTavI ke samAna sundara kahA gayA hai| dhArmika tattvajJAna ke sAtha-sAtha yahA~ tatkAlIna sAmAjika aura vyAvahArika jJAna kA bhI citraNa milatA hai| isa grantha kI bahusaMkhyaka kathAyeM yadyapi prAcIna jaina granthoM se lI gaI haiM, phira bhI unake kathana kA DhaMga nirAlA hai| dAna ke phala meM dhana sArthavAha aura zIla ke phala meM rAjImatI kI kathA varNita hai| rAjImatI ke AkhyAna meM striyoM kI nindA hai, lekina sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki RSabha Adi tIrthaMkaroM ne strI-bhoga karane ke pazcAt hI saMsAra kA tyAga kiyA thaa| rAjImatI ke vivAha (vArejaya) mahotsava kA varNana hai| parvata kI guphA meM rAjImatI ko vasana rahita avasthA meM dekhakara rathanemI use bhoga bhogane ke liye nimaMtrita karatA hai| rAjImatI use upadeza detI hai| tapa ke pariNAma meM dRr3haprahArI aura bhAva ke phala meM ilAputra Adi kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| yathArthavAda kA kathana karane meM AcArya kAlaka kA AkhyAna hai| vaNika putra kI kathA meM divya mahAstUpa se vibhUSita mathurA nagarI kA ullekha hai| vaNikaputra mathurA ke rAjA kI rAnI ko dekhakara usake prati anurakta ho gayA 1. salaliyapayasaMcArA payaDiyamayaNA suvaNNarayaNelA / marahaTTayabhAsA kAmiNI ya aDavI ya rehati //

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502 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa thA / usane eka pur3iyA para nimnalikhita zloka likhakara usake pAsa bhijavAyA kAle prasuptasya janArdanasya, meghAMdhakArAsu ca zarvarISu / mithyA na bhASAmi vizAlanetre, te pratyayA ye prathamAkSareSu // isa zloka ke pratyeka pada ke prathama akSaroM ko milAne se 'kAmemi te' rUpa banatA hai, arthAt maiM tumase prema karatA huuN| uttara meM rAnI ne nimnalikhita uttara bhejA neha loke sukhaM kiMcicchAditasyAMhasA bhRzam / mitaM (ca) jIvitaM nRNAM tena dharme matiM kuru // cAroM pAdoM ke akSaroM ko milAkara 'necchAmi te' rUpa banatA hai, arthAt maiM tujhe nahIM caahtii|' puSpacUlA kI kathA meM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, paizAcI, mAgadhI, madhyauttara, bahiHuttara, ekAlApa, aura gata-pratyAgata nAma ke praznottaroM kA ullekha hai| saMskRta praznottara kA udAharaNakAM pAti nyAyato rAjA ? vizrasA bodhyate kathaM ? Tavarge paMcamaH ko vA ? rAjA kena virAjate ? dharaNendo kaMdhArei / keNa va rogeNa dobbalA hoMti ? keNa va rAyai seNNaM ? paDivayaNaM 'kuMjareNa' tti // -rAjA kisakA nyAyapUrvaka pAlana karatA hai ? pRthvI kA (kuN)| koI bAta vizvAsapUrvaka kaise samajhAI jA sakatI hai ? vRddha puruSoM ke dvArA (jareNa ) | Tavarga kA pA~cavA~ akSara kauna-sA hai ? Na | dharaNendra kisako dhAraNa karatA hai ? tInoM lokoM ko (kuN)| kisa roga se manuSya durbala ho jAtA hai ? vRddhAvasthA se (jrenn)| kisa senA se rAjA zobhA ko prApta hotA hai ? hAthI se (kuNjrenn)| 1. haribhadra kI AvazyakaTIkA meM bhI ye donoM zloka Aye haiM, dekhiye pahale pRSTha 263 / . .

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dharmopadezamAlA-vivaraNa 503 yahA~ prayAgatIrtha kI utpatti kA ullekha hai| nUpurapaMDita kI kathA prAcIna jaina zAstroM meM varNita hai| striyoM ke nindAsUcaka vAkyoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai| Atmadamana ke upadeza ke liye siddhaka, aura bhAva ke anurUpa phala kA pratipAdana karane ke liye sAMva-pAlaka ke AkhyAna varNita haiN| subhadrA kI kathA jaina zAstroM meM suprasiddha hai| satsaMga kA phala dikhAne ke liye baMkacUli, kartavya kA pAlana karane ke liye vaNikastrI, guru ke Adeza kA pAlana karane ke liye rAjapuruSa, guru kA parAbhava dikhAne ke liye indradatta ke putra, aura krodha na karane ke liye metArya aura damadanta kI kathAyeM kahI gaI haiN| ASAr3hasUri, zreyAMsa, AryA candanA, kRtapuNya, zAlibhadra, mUladeva, AryarakSita, citrakara-suta aura dazArNabhadra ke AkhyAna, prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM bhI Ate haiN| mUladeva kI kathA meM eka sthAna para kahA hai apAtre ramate nArI, girau varSati mAdhavaH / nIcamAzrayate lakSmIH, prAjJaH prAyeNa nirdhnH|| -nArI apAtra meM ramaNa karatI hai, megha parvata para barasatA hai, lakSmI nIca kA Azraya letI hai, aura vidvAn prAyaH nirdhana rahatA hai| phira sAraya-sasaMka-dhavalA kittI bhuvaNaM na jassa dhavalei / niyapoTabharaNavAvaDariTThasariccheNa kiM teNa ? // -zaradkAlIna candramA ke samAna jisakI dhavala kIrti loka ko ujjvala nahIM karatI, vaha apane peTa bharane meM saMlagna kisI madonmatta sAMDa ke samAna hai, usase kyA lAbha ? __ tatpazcAt nandiSeNa, sulasA, pratyekabuddha, brahmadatta, tripRSThavAsudeva, cANakya, nAgila, vaMcaka vaNika, subhUma cakravartI citrakArasutA, subandhu, kezI gaNadhara Adi kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| , madhubindu kUpa-nara kI kathA samarAiccakahA meM A cukI hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dvijatanaya kI kathA se mAlUma hotA hai yuvatI-caritra kI zikSA prApta karane ke liye loga pATaliputra jAyA karate the| lATa deza meM mAmA kI lar3akI se, uttara meM sautelI mAM se aura kahIM apanI bhaujAI ke sAtha vivAha karanA jAyaz2a mAnA jAtA thaa| striyoM ke saMbaMdha meM ukti hairajjAveMti na rajjati leMti hiyayAiM na uNa appeMti / chappaNNayabuddhIo juvaIo do visrisaao| -striyA~ dUsare kA raMjana karatI haiM lekina svayaM raMjita nahIM hotI, ve dUsaroM kA hRdaya haraNa karatI haiM lekina apanA hRdaya nahIM detii| dUsaroM kI chappana buddhiyA~ unakI do buddhiyoM ke barAbara haiN| dhana sArthavAha kI kathA meM mArgoM ke guNa-doSa pratipAdana karate hue sArtha ke sAtha jAnevAle vyApAriyoM ke kartavyoM kA ullekha hai| grAmayaka kI kathA meM eka grAmINa kI kathA hai| samayajJa sAdhu kI kathA meM eka ukti hai suddhasahAvammi jaNe jo dosaM dei paDai tasseva / guMDijai naNu so ciya jo dhUliM khivai caMdassa // -zuddha svabhAva vAle manuSya ko jo koI doSI ThaharAtA hai, vaha doSa usake Upara AtA hai| udAharaNa ke liye, yadi koI vyakti candramA ke Upara dhUla pheMkane kA prayatna kare to vaha dhUla usI ke Upara Akara giratI hai| viSNukumAra kI kathA meM 14 ranoM kI utpatti kA ullekha hai| zrAvakasuta kI kathA meM zmazAna meM pahuMca kara kApAlikoM dvArA maMtrasiddhi kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| kAkajaMgha kI kathA meM yuvatiyoM ke sAmane koI guhya bAta prakaTa na karane kA Adeza hai| autpattikI Adi cAra prakAra kI buddhiyoM kA pratipAdana karane ke liye jaina Agama-granthoM meM varNita rohaka Adi kI kathAyeM yahA~ bhI kahI gaI haiN| do malloM kI kathA meM malla-mahotsava kA varNana hai|

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sIlovaesamAlA 505 sIlovaesamAlA isake kartA jayasiMhasUri ke ziSya jayakIrti haiN| inameM unhoMne 116 gAthAoM meM zIla arthAt brahmacarya-pAlana kA upadeza diyA hai| isa grantha ke Upara saMghatilaka ke ziSya somatilaka sUri ne zIlataraMgiNI nAma kI vRtti vi0 saM0 1364 (IsavI san 1337 ) meM likhI hai| vidyAtilaka aura puNyakIrti ne bhI vRttiyoM kI racanA kI hai| yaha grantha aprakAzita hai / bhuvanasundarI nAgendrakula ke AcArya samudrasUri ke dIkSita ziSya vijayasiMha sUri ne san 617 meM 11000 zlokapramANa prAkRta meM bhuvanasuMdarI nAma kI kathA kI racanA kii| isakI hastalikhita prati muni puNyavijaya jI ke pAsa hai, ise ve zIghra hI prakAzita kara rahe haiN| bhavabhAvanA bhavabhAvanA ke kartA maladhAri hemacandrasUri haiN| praznavAhana kula ke harSapurIya nAmaka vizAla gaccha meM jayasiMhasUri hue, unake ziSya kA nAma abhayadevasUri thA / abhayadeva alpa parigrahI the aura apane vastroM kI malinatA ke kAraNa maladhArI nAma se prasiddha the| paMDita zvetAMbarAcArya bhaTTAraka ke rUpa meM prasiddha maladhArI hemacandrasUri inhIM abhayadeva ke ziSya the| inhoMne vikrama saMvat 1170 (san 1123) meM mer3atA aura chatrapallI meM rahakara bhavabhAvanA (jise upadezamAlA bhI kahA hai) aura usakI svovajJa vRtti kI racanA kI hai| ye AcArya anuyogadvArasUtra-vRtti, AvazyakaTippaNa, upadezamAlA (puSpamAlA ), zatakavivaraNa, jIvasamAsavivaraNa Adi granthoM ke bhI racayitA haiN| bhavabhAvanA kI bAraha bhAvanAyeM bAraha dina meM par3hI jAtI haiM / isameM 531 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM 12 bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai| 1. RSabhadeva kezarImalajI jaina zvetAMbara saMsthA, ratalAma dvArA vi0 saM0 1992 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita /

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bhavabhAvanA 507 tIsarI ne kahA-yadi isane mujhe prApta nahIM kara liyA to phira yaha huA hI kyA ? cauthI ne kahA-he sakhi ! maiM to use bar3I nirdaya samajhUgI jo kaMbu ke samAna isakI grIvA ko apane bAhupAza se baaNdhegii| pA~cavIM kahane lagI-meruparvata kI zilA ke samAna vistRta isake vakSasthala para koI kRtapuNyA hI krIDA se zrAnta hokara alIka nidrA ko prApta hogii| isa prakAra ve eka dUsare ko dhakelatI huI rAstA mAMga rahI thiiN| __ zaMkha kA janma hone para rAjA ko badhAiyA~ dI gii| raMge hue dhAgoM se sAre ghara meM raMgoliyA~ banAI gaI, kanakaghaTita hala aura mUsaloM ko khar3A kara diyA gayA, sarvatra ghI aura gur3a se yukta sone ke dIpaka jalAye gaye, dvAroM para kamaloM se AcchAdita kalaza rakkhe gaye, logoM kI rakSA ke liye dvAra para hAtha meM talavAra liye subhaTa niyukta kiye gaye, dhvajAyeM phaharAI gaI, galI-mohalloM meM toraNa laTakAye gaye, mArgoM meM, caurAhoM para tathA nagaravAsiyoM ke dvAroM para sone ke cAvaloM ke Dhera lagA diye gaye | baMdI jela se chor3a diye gaye, dasa dina kI amArI (mata mAro) ghoSaNA kI gaI / jinamaMdiroM meM pUjA kI gaI, dasa dina taka kara ugAhanA aura kisI ko daMDa dene kI manAI kara dI gaI, duMdubhi bAje bajane lage, vAravanitAoM ke nRtya hone lage, puSpa, tAMbUla aura vastra Adi bAMTe jAne lage, drAkSa aura khajUra kA bhojana parosA jAne lagA, drAkSa, khajUra aura khAMDa kA zarbata pilAyA jAne lgaa| __ bar3e hone para kumAra ko lekhAcArya ke pAsa bhejA gayA jahA~ usane vyAkaraNa, nyAya, nimitta, gaNita, siddhAMta, maMtra, dezIbhASA, zastravidyA, vAstuzAstra, vaidyaka, alaMkAra, chaMda, jyotiSa, gAruDa, nATaka, kAvya, kathA, bharata, kAmazAstra, dhanurveda, hastizikSA, turagazikSA, cUta, dhAtuvAda, lakSaNa, kAgaruta, zakuna, purANa, aMgavidyA tathA 72 kalAoM kI zikSA prApta kii| mRtaka kI haDDiyoM ko gaMgA meM sirAne kA rivAja thA / koI rAjA kA maMtrI apanI patnI se bahuta sneha karatA thaa| patnI ke

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508 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mara jAne para vaha usakI haDDiyoM kA saMgraha karake unakI pUjA karane lgaa| phira eka dina banArasa jAkara usane una haDDiyoM ko gaMgA meM sirA diyaa| harivaMzakula kI utpatti ko dasa AzcayoM meM ginAyA hai| isa prasaMga para dazAha rAjAoM kA ullekha hai| phira kaMsa kA vRttAnta, vasudeva kA caritra, cArudatta kI kathA, anArya vedoM kI utpatti, devakI kA vivAha, kRSNa kA janma, neminAtha kA janma, kaMsabadha, rAjImati kA janma, neminAtha kA vairAgya Adi kA varNana hai| vedoM kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki jannavakka (yAjJavalkya) nAmaka tApasa aura sulasA ke saMyoga se Azrama meM putra kI utpatti huii| pIpala kI chAyA meM bar3e hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma pippalAda pdd'aa| sAMgopAMga vedoM kA usane adhyayana kiyA tathA apane mAtA-pitA ko vAda meM hraayaa| bAda meM jaba use patA calA ki vaha zIlabhraSTa mAtA-pitA kA putra hai to usane apane mAtA-pitA ko mArane ke liye anArya vedoM kI racanA kI jinameM pitRmedha, mAtRmedha, pazumedha, Adi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA / TaMkaNa deza meM bhI pazumedha yajJa kA pracAra ho gayA thA, rudradatta ne isa yajJa ko baMda kara jina dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| jAna par3atA hai ki triyoM ko bhI vedapaThana kA niSedha nahIM thaa| vasudeva jaba ghUmate-phirate kisI grAma meM pahu~ce to vahA~ brAhmaNa Adi saba loga vedAbhyAsa meM saMlagna the| kisI brAhmaNa kI kSatriyANI bhAryA se utpanna somazrI nAma kI kanyA ne bhI samasta vedoM kA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| usakA praNa thA ki jo use vedAbhyAsa meM harA degA usake sAtha vaha vivAha kara legii| kRSNa jaba brahmadatta nAmaka brAhmaNa ke samIpa vedAbhyAsa karane gaye to usane prazna kiyA ki tuma anArya vedoM kA adhyayana karanA cAhate ho yA Arya vedoM kA ? yahA~ bharata cakravartI ko Arya vedoM kA tathA parvataka, madhupiMga aura pippalAda ko anArya

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bhavabhAvanA 509 vedoM kA kartA batAyA gayA hai| vasudeva ne ina donoM vedoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| vAcA, dRSTi, nijUha (mallayuddha) aura zastra ina cAra prakAra ke yuddhoM kA ullekha hai| malloM meM nijUhayuddha, vAdiyoM meM vAkyuddha, adhama janoM meM zastrayuddha tathA uttama puruSoM meM dRSTiyuddha hotA hai| mathurA nagarI meM mallayuddha ke liye bar3I dhUmadhAma se taiyAriyAM kI jAtI thIM, vaNik loga yavanadvIpa se apanI nAvoM meM mAla bhara kara lAye aura dvArakA meM Akara unhoMne bahuta-sA dhana kamAyA / yahA~ se ve loga magadhapura (rAjagRha) gaye / vahA~ rAnI ne bahumUlya ratna, kaMbala Adi dekhakara unase maaNge| isa para vaNika logoM ko bahuta burA lagA, aura ve socane lage ki hamAre bhAgya phUTa gaye jo hama dvArakA chor3akara yahA~ Aye / vyApAriyoM ne kahA, yAdavoM ko chor3akara ina vastuoM kA icchita mUlya aura koI nahIM de sktaa| raivataka parvata para vasantakrIDA aura jalakrIDA kA sarasa varNana hai| neminAtha ke caritra ke bAda anityabhAvanA prAraMbha hotI hai| isa prasaMga para balirAjA aura bhuvanabhAnu ke caritra kA vistAra se varNana hai| azaraNabhAvanA meM kauzAMbI ke rAjA candrasena, somacandra, nanda, kucikarNa, tilakazreSThI, sagara cakravartI aura hastinApura ke rAjakumAra kI kathAyeM haiN| ekatvabhAvanA meM rAjA madhu kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| saMsArabhAvanA meM cAroM gatiyoM kA svarUpa udAharaNapUrvaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| isa prasaMga meM batAyA hai ki sarasvatI nAma kI koI sArthavAha kI kanyA kisI brAhmaNa ke pAsa striyocita kalAoM kA adhyayana kiyA karatI thI / vaNikputra devadatta Adi vidyArthI bhI usI guru se vidyA kA adhyayana karate the| eka bAra guru jI apanI strI ko pITane lage to vidyArthiyoM ne unheM rokaa| vidyAdhyayana samApta karane ke pazcAt

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510 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa devadatta aura sarasvatI kA vivAha ho gyaa| bhUI nAma kI kalahakAriNI sAsa kA citraNa dekhiye kammakkhaNi ya na gehu muyaMtI / bahuyAe saha jujhi lgtii| muNivara pekkhivi muhu moDaMtI, detI tADaNa phoddihijjNtii|| gehamamattiNa pAva kuNaMtI, dhammu maNivi na kayAi dhrtii| evaha nikkhapaNiyammi hui, acchai bAri baiTThI bhUi // -karmoM kI khAna vaha ghara nahIM chor3a sakatI hai, bahU ke sAtha vaha lar3AI-jhagar3A karatI hai, muniyoM ko dekhakara mu~ha bicakAtI hai, unakA mAraNa-tADana karatI hai| ghara kI mamatA se vaha pApa karatI hai, mana meM dharma kabhI dhAraNa nahIM karatI-aisI abhAgI bhUI ghara ke dvAra para baiThI huI hai| kauzAMbI ke kisI brAhmaNa kI daridratA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hainatthi ghare maha davvaM vilasai loo payachaNao tti / DibhAiM ruyaMti tahA haddhI kiM demi ghariNIe ? diti na maha DhoyaMpi hu attasamiddhIi gavviyA sayaNA / sesAvihu dhaNiNoM parihavaMti na hu deti avayAsaM // aja ghare nasthi ghayaM tellaM loNaM ca iMdhaNaM vatthaM / jAyA va anja tauNI' kalle kiha hohii kuDuMba // vaDDhai ghare kumArI bAlI taNao na viDhappai atthe / rogabahulaM kuTuMbaM osahamollAiyaM natthi // ukkopA maha dhariNI samAgayA pAhuNA bahU anna | jinnaM gharaM ca haTTaM jharai jalaM galai savvaM pi|| kalahakarI maha bhajA asaMvuDo pariyaNo bahU virUvo / deso adhAraNijjo eso vaccAmi annattha // jalahi pavisemi mahiM taremi dhAuM dhamemi ahavA vi / vijaM maMtaM sAhemi devayaM vAvi accami / / jIvai ajjavi sattU mao ya iTTho pahU ya maha haTTho / dANiggahaNaM maggaMti vihaviNo kattha vaccAmi ? 1. pazcimI uttara pradeza meM tauNI zabda Ajakala bhI pracalita hai|

Page #521
511 bhavabhAvanA -mere ghara meM paisA nahIM hai aura loga utsava manAne meM lage haiN| bacce mere ro rahe haiM, apanI gharavAlI ko maiM kyA dU~ ? bheMTa dene ko bhI to kucha mere pAsa nahIM, mere svajana-saMbaMdhI apanI samRddhi meM masta haiM, dUsare dhanI loga bhI tiraskAra hI karate haiM, ve sthAna nahIM dete| Aja mere ghara ghI, tela, namaka, iMdhana aura vastra kucha bhI to nahIM hai| taunI (miTTI kA bartana) bhI Aja khAlI hai, kala kuTumba kA kyA hogA ? ghara meM kanyA sayAnI ho rahI hai, lar3akA abhI choTA hai isaliye dhana kamA nahIM sakatA | kuTuMba ke loga bImAra haiM aura davA lAne ke liye pAsa meM paisA nhiiN| gharavAlI gusse se mu~ha phailAye baiThI hai, bahuta se pAhune ghara meM Aye hue haiN| ghara purAnA ho gayA hai, vaha bhI cUtA hai, saba jagaha pAnI gira rahA hai| aurata merI lar3AIjhagar3A karatI hai, parivAra ke loga asaMyamI haiM, rAjA pratikUla hai, isa deza meM aba rahA nahIM jAtA, kahIM aura jAnA cAhatA hU~ | kyA karU~ ? kyA samudra meM praveza kara jAU~ ? pRthvI ke usa pAra pahu~ca jAU~ ? kisI dhAtu kA dhamana karU~ ? kisI vidyA yA maMtra kI sAdhanA karU~ ? yA phira kisI deva kI arcanA karU~ ? merA zatru Aja bhI jIvita hai, merA iSTa prabhu mujhase rUTha gayA hai, dhanavAna apanA karja vApisa mA~gate haiM, kahA~ jAU~ ? / yaha brAhmaNa apanI garbhavatI strI ke liye ghI, gur3a kA prabaMdha karane ke vAste dhana kA upArjana karane gayA hai| rAste meM use eka vidyAmaTha milA jahA~ adhyApaka apane ziSyoM ko nItizAstra kI zikSA dete hue dhanopArjana kI mukhyatA kA pratipAdana kara rahe the| brAhmaNa ne prazna kiyA ki mahArAja! kisa upAya se dhana kA upArjana kiyA jAya | adhyApaka ne uttara diyA ki Ikha kA kheta, samudrayAtrA, yonipoSaNa (vezyAvRtti), aura rAjAoM kI kRpAina cAra prakAroM se kSaNa bhara meM daridratA naSTa ho jAtI hai khettaM ucchUNa samuddasevaNaM joNiposaNaM ceva / nivaINaM ca pasAo khaNeNa nihaNaMti dArida

Page #522
512 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AzravabhAvanA ke antargata mAna ke udAharaNa meM rAjaputra ujjhita kI kathA dI hai| usake paidA hone para use eka sUpa meM rakha kara kacare kI kUr3I (kayavarukkuruDe )' para DAla diyA gayA thA, isaliye usakA nAma ujjhita rakkhA gayA / bar3A hone para use kalAoM kI zikSA ke liye adhyApaka ke pAsa bhejA gayA, lekina vaha apane guru kA apamAna karane lgaa| rAjA ko jaba isa bAta kA patA lagA to usane kahalA bhejA ki usakI DaMDe se khabara lo | guru ne use char3I se mArA lekina ujjhita ne gurujI ke aisI jora kI lAThI jamAI ki ve jamIna para girakara mUrchita ho gye| ___ mAyA ke udAharaNa meM eka vaNika kanyA kI kathA dI hai / yaha kanyA bar3I mAyAvatI thii| jaba usake putra huA to kapaTavaza usane apane pati se kahA ki maiM para-puruSa kA sparza nahIM karatI, isaliye ise dUdha pilAne ke liye Apa kisI dhAya kI vyavasthA kreN| anta meM apane duzcaritra ke kAraNa use ghara se nikAla ' diyA gyaa| nirjarAbhAvanA meM kanakAvali, ratnAvali, muktAvali, siMhavikrIDita Adi tapoM kA vivecana hai| ___eka sthAna para upamA dete hue kahA hai ki jaise yuvatijanoM ke mana meM koI bAta gopanIya nahIM raha sakatI aura vaha caTa se bAhara A jAtI hai, isI prakAra samudra meM tUphAna uThane para jahAja ke TUTane kI tar3atar3a AvAja huI (phuTTAiM pavahaNAI taDatti juvaINa muNiagujjha v)| jaise makor3e gur3a para cipaTa jAte haiM, vaise hI dhana-saMpatti ke prati manuSya kI gRdhratA batAI gaI hai| aneka subhASita bhI yahA~ dekhane meM Ate haiM1. varasaMti ghaNA kimavekkhiUNa ? kiM vA phalaMti varataruNo ? 1. gujarAtI meM ukaraDI; pazcimI uttarapradeza meM kurar3I kahate haiN| rAjA kUNika (ajAtazatra) ko bhI paidA hone ke bAda kUr3I para DAla diyA thaa|

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513 bhavabhAvanA kimavikkho ya paNAsai sUro timiraM tihuaNassa ? -megha kisake liye barasate haiM ? sundara vRkSa kisake liye phalate haiM ? sUrya tInoM lokoM ke aMdhakAra ko kyoM naSTa karatA hai ? 2. jassa na hiayaMmi balaM kuNaMti kiM haMta tassa satthAI ? niasattheNa'vi nihaNaM pAvaMti pahINamAhappA // -jisake hRdaya meM zakti nahIM, usake zastra kisa kAma meM AyeMge ? apane zastra hone para bhI kSINa zaktivAle puruSa mRtyu ko prApta hote haiN| 3. dosA kusIlaitthI vAhIo sattuNo khalA duTThA / mUle anirubhaMtA dukkhAya havaMti vaDDhaMtA / / -doSa, vyabhicAriNI strI, vyAdhi, zatru aura duSTa puruSoM ko yadi AraMbha se hI na rokA jAye to ve dukha ke kAraNa hote haiN| 4. mahilA hu rattamettA ucchakhaMDaM va sakkarA ceva / harai virattA sA jIviyapi kasiNAhigaralavya / / -mahilA jaba Asakta hotI hai to usameM ganne ke pore athavA zakkara kI bhAMti miThAsa hotA hai, aura jaba vaha virakta hotI hai to kAle nAga kI bhAMti usakA viSa jIvana ke liye ghAtaka hotA hai| 5. paDhamaM pi AvayANaM ciMteyavvo nareNa pddiyaaro| na hi gehammi palitte avaDaM khaNiuM tarai koI // -vipatti ke Ane ke pahale hI usakA upAya socanA cAhiye | ghara meM Aga lagane para kyA koI kuMA~ khoda sakatA hai ? 6. jAI rUyaM vijjA tinnivi nivaDaMtu kaMdare vivare / __ atthocciya parivaDDhau jeNa guNA pAyaDA hoti / / -jAti, rUpa aura vidyA ye tInoM hI guphA meM praveza kara jAyeM, kevala eka dhana kI vRddhi ho jisase guNa prakaTa hote haiN| ___mathurA meM supArzva jina ke suvarNastUpa hone kA ullekha hai| rudradatta ke suvarNabhUmi kI ora prasthAna karate hue bIca meM TaMkaNa deza par3A; vetravana ko lA~gha kara usane isa deza meM praveza kiyA / 33 prA0 sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dvArakA nagarI kI pUrvottara dizA meM siNavallI kA ullekha hai| prayAgatIrtha kI utpatti batAI gaI hai| magadha, varadAma aura prabhAsa nAmaka pavitra tIrthoM se jala aura miTTI lAkara usase devoM kA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA thA | kSatriyoM kI apekSA vaNik loga bahuta choTe samajhe jAte the isaliye kSatriya apanI kanyA unheM nahIM dete the| ATha varpa kI avasthA meM kanyA kI zAdI ho jAne kA ullekha hai / garbha meM zizu ke dAhinI kokha meM hone se putra, bAI kokha meM hone se putrI tathA donoM ke bIca meM hone se napuMsaka paidA hotA hai| pacAsa varSa ke pazcAt strI garbha dhAraNa karane ke ayogya ho jAtI hai aura 75 varSa kI avasthA meM puruSa nirbIja ho jAtA hai / ___ hAthI pakar3ane kI vidhi batAI hai / eka bar3A gaDDhA khodakara usake Upara ghAsa vagairaha bichA dete haiN| usake dUsarI ora eka hathinI bA~dha dI jAtI hai / use dekhakara hAthI usakI ora daur3atA hai aura gaDDhe meM gira par3atA hai| use kaI dina taka bhUkhA rakkhA jAtA hai, jaba vaha bahuta kamajora ho jAtA hai to use khIMcakara rAjA ke pAsa le jAte haiN| phira use sUkhe vRkSa meM camar3e kI rassI se bA~dha diyA jAtA hai| zakunoM ke phalAphala kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| eka sthala para uTThiya kSapaka kA ullekha hai| ye loga AjIvaka mata ke anuyAyI the| graMtha meM Avazyaka, vyAkhyAprajJapti, prajJApanA, jIvAjIvAbhigama, paumacariya aura upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA ko sAkSIrUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| upadezamAlAprakaraNa maladhArI hemacandrasUri kI dUsarI ullekhanIya racanA upadezamAlA yA puSpamAlA hai / ' bhavabhAvanA kI bhA~ti upadezamAlA bhI viSaya, kavitva aura zailI kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| 1. RSabhadevajI kezarImala saMsthA dvArA san 1936 meM indaura se prakAzita /

Page #525
upadezamAlAprakaraNa isameM 585 mUla gAthAyeM haiM jina para lekhaka ne svopajJa TIkA likhI hai| sAdhu soma ne bhI isa para TIkA kI racanA kI hai / lekhaka ke kathAnusAra jinavacanarUpI kAnana se suMdara puSpoM ko cunakara isa zreSTha puSpamAlA kI racanA kI gaI hai| isameM zruta ke anusAra vividha dRSTAntoM dvArA karmoM ke kSayaM kA upAya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| yaha graMtha dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA ina cAra mukhya bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| bhAvanA ke samyaktvazuddhi, caraNavizuddhi, indriyajaya, kaSAyanigraha Adi aneka vibhAga haiN| isa kRti meM jaina tatvopadeza saMbaMdhI kitanI hI mahatvapUrNa dhArmika aura laukika kathAyeM vizada zailI meM prathita haiN| 'sarvaprathama manuSya kI durlabhatA ke dRSTAnta diye gaye haiN| dharma mokSasukha kA mUla hai| ahiMsA saba dharmoM meM pradhAna hai kiM suragiriNo garuyaM ? jalanihiNo kiM va hoja gaMbhIraM ? kiM gayaNA u visAlaM ? ko va ahiMsAsamo dhammo ? -suragiri ke samAna kauna bar3A hai ? samudra ke samAna kauna gaMbhIra hai ? AkAza ke samAna kauna vizAla hai ? aura ahiMsA ke samAna kauna sA dharma hai ? vajrAyudha ke dRSTAnta se patA lagatA hai ki brAhmaNa aura usakI dAsI se utpanna hue putra ko vedAdhyayana kA adhikAra nahIM thaa| mahAbhujaga kI viSavedanA ko dUra karane ke liye maMtra-taMtra ke sthAna para ahiMsA, satya Adi ke pAlana ko hI mahAkriyA batAyA hai / zarad aura grISma RtuoM kA varNana hai / hiMsAjanya dukha ko spaSTa karane ke liye mRgAputra kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| jJAnadAna meM purandara kA udAharaNa hai| vidyAsiddhi ke liye eka mAsa ke upavAsapUrvaka kRSNacaturdazI ke dina zmazAna meM rahane kA vidhAna hai / isa vidhi kA pAlana karate hue do mAsa taka kisI strI kA mu~ha dekhanA taka nipiddha hai| Thaga vidyA kA yahA~ ullekha hai| krodha ko davAgni, mAna ko giri, mAyA ko bhujaMgI aura lobha

Page #526
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ko eka pizAca ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| isIprakAra moha kA rAjA, rAga kA kezarI, madana kA mAMDalika rAjA aura viparyAsa kA sAmanta ke rUpa meM ullekha hai | alpa AdhAra ko nAzakA kAraNa batAyA hai| vizeSa buddhizAlI na hone para par3hane meM udyama karate hI rahanA cAhiye mehA hoja na hoja va loe jIvANa kammavasagANaM / ujjoo puNa tahavihu nANaMmi sayA na mottvyo| -karma ke vazIbhUta jIvoM ke medhA ho yA na ho, jJAna prApti ke liye sadA udyama karate rahanA cAhiye / sUtroM kI pradhAnatA ke saMbaMdha meM kahA haisuI jaha sasuttA na nassaI kayavaraMmi paDiyA vi| taha jIvo'vi sasutto na nassai gao'vi sNsaare|| -jaise dhAge vAlI suI kUr3e-kacare meM girane para bhI khoI nahIM jAtI, usI prakAra saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA huA jIva bhI sUtroM kA adhyetA hone ke kAraNa naSTa nahIM hotaa| supAtradAna kA phala aneka dRSTAMtoM dvArA pratipAdita kiyA hai| amarasena aura varasena ke carita meM pAdukA para car3hakara AkAza meM gamana karanA tathA lAThI suMghAkara rAsabhI banA dene Adi kA ullekha hai| dhanasAra nAmaka zreSThI karor3oM rupaye kI dhanasampatti kA mAlika hote hue bhI kaNabhara bhI vastu kisI ko dAna nahIM karatA thaa| zIladvAra meM zIla kA mAhAtmya batAne ke liye ratisuMdarI Adi ke dRSTAnta diye haiN| sItA kA carita diyA gayA hai| jinasena ke carita meM tAmralipti nagara meM yogasiddhi nAmaka maTha thA, isameM koI parivrAjikA rahatI thii| tapadvAra meM vasudeva, dRr3haprahArI, viSNukumAra aura skaMdaka Adi ke carita haiN|

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517 upadezamAlAprakaraNa bhAvanA ke antargata samyaktvazuddhi Adi 14 dvAroM kA prarUpaNa hai| samyaktvazuddhidvAra meM amaradatta kI bhAryA aura vikrama rAjA Adi ke dRSTAnta haiN| caraNadvAra meM bAraha vratoM kA pratipAdana hai| aThAraha prakAra ke puruSa, bIsa prakAra kI strI aura dasa prakAra ke napuMsakoM ko dIkSA kA niSedha hai| dayA meM dharmaruci, satya meM kAlakAcArya, adattAdAna meM nAgadatta, brahmacarya meM sudarzana aura sthUlabhadra, aparigraha meM kIrticandra aura samaravijaya Adi ke kathAnaka diye haiN| rAtribhojana-tyAga ke samarthana meM brAhmaNoM kI smRti se pramANa diye gaye haiN| 'aputrasya gatirnAsti' (putrarahita zubha gati ko prApta nahIM karatA) ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai jAyamAno haredbhAryA vardhamAno hareddhanaM / priyamANo haret prANAn, nAsti putrasamo ripuH / -putra paidA hote hI bhAryA kA haraNa kara letA hai, bar3A hokara dhana kA haraNa karatA hai, aura marate samaya prANoM ko haratA hai, isaliye putra ke samAna aura koI zatru nahIM hai| _ brAhmaNoM ke jAtivAda kA khaMDana karate hue acala Adi RSi-muniyoM kI utpatti hastinI, ulUkI, agasti ke puSpa, kalaza, tittira, kevaTinI aura zUdrikA Adi se batAI hai| ratnoM ke samAna mahAvratoM kI rakSA karane kA vidhAna hai| daridra ke dRSTAnta meM jAti, rUpa aura vidyA kI tulanA meM dhanArjana kI hI mukhyatA batAI hai| pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM ko udAharaNapUrvaka samajhAyA gayA hai| sUtrAdhyayana, vihAra, parISahasahana, manaHsthairya, bhAvastava Adi kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| apavAdamAge ke udAharaNa meM kAlakAcArya kI kathA dI hai| ___ indriyajaya ke upadeza meM pA~coM indriyoM ke alaga-alaga udAharaNa diye haiN| cakSu indriya ke udAharaNa meM lakSaNazAstra ke anusAra strI-puruSa ke lakSaNa diye haiN| kaSAyanigrahadvAra meM kaSAyoM kA svarUpa batAte hue unake udAharaNa diye haiN| lobha kI mukhyatA batAte hue kahA hai

Page #528
518 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa piyavirahAo na duhaM dAridAo paraM duI nasthi / lohasamo na kasAo maraNasamA AvaI natthi // -priya ke viraha se bar3hakara koI dukha nahIM, dAridraya se bar3hakara koI kleza nahIM, lobha ke samAna koI kapAya nahIM, aura maraNa ke samAna koI Apatti nhiiN| kulavAsalakSaNadvAra meM guru ke guNoM kA pratipAdana karate hue ziSya ke liye vinayavAna honA Avazyaka batAyA hai| ziSya ko guru ke mana ko samajhanevAlA, dakSa aura zAMta svabhAvI honA caahiye| jaise kulavadhu apane pati ke AkraSTa hone para bhI use nahIM chor3atI, vaise hI guru ke AkruSTa hone para bhI ziSya ko guru kA tyAga nahIM karanA cAhiye / use sadA guru kI AjJAnusAra hI uThanA-baiThanA aura vyavahAra-bartAva karanA cAhiye / doSavikaTanAlakSaNadvAra meM Agama, zruta, AjJA, dhAraNA aura jIta ke bheda se pA~ca prakAra kA vyavahAra batAyA gayA hai| ArdrakakumAra kA yahA~ udAharaNa diyA hai| virAgalakSaNadvAra meM lakSmI ko kulaTA nArI kI upamA dI hai| vinayalakSaNapratidvAra meM vinaya kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| svAdhyAyaratilakSaNadvAra meM vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya aura namaskAra kA mAhAtmya batAyA hai| anAyatanatyAgalakSaNadvAra meM mahilA-saMsargatyAga, caityadravya ke bhakSaNa meM doSa, kusaMga kA phala Adi kA pratipAdana haiN| paraparivAdanirvRtilakSaNa meM paradoSakathA ko arhita kahA hai| dharmasthiratAlakSaNadvAra meM jinapUjA Adi kA mahattva batAyA hai| parijJAnalakSaNadvAra meM ArAdhanA kI vidhi kA pratipAdana hai| saMvegaraMgasAlA isake kartA jinacandrasUri haiM,' unhoMne vi0 saM0 1125 (san 1168 ) meM isa kathAtmaka graMtha kI racanA kI | navAMga 1. jinadattasUri prAcIna pustakoddhAra phaMDa dvArA san 1924 meM nirNayasAgara, baMbaI meM prakAzita /

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saMvegaraMgazAlA 516 vRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke ziSya jinavallabhasUri ne isakA saMzodhana kiyaa| isa kRti meM saMvegabhAva kA pratipAdana hai aura yaha zAntarasa se bharapUra hai| saMvegarasa kI mukhyatA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai jaha jaha saMvegaraso vaNNinai taha taheva bhavvANaM / bhijanti khittajalamimmayAmakuMbha vva hiyayAI // suciraM vi tavo taviyaM ciNNaM caraNaM suyaM pi bahupaDhiyaM / jai no saMvegaraso tA taM tusakhaNDaNaM savvaM // -jaise jaise bhavyajanoM ke prati saMvegarasa kA varNana kiyA. jAtA hai, vaise vaise-jisa prakAra miTTI ke bane hue kacce ghar3e para jala pheMkane se vaha TUTa jAtA hai-unakA hRdaya dravita ho jAtA hai| bahuta kAla taka tapa kiyA, cAritra kA pAlana kiyA, zruta kA bahupATha kiyA, lekina yadi saMvegarasa nahIM hai to saba kucha dhAna ke tuSa kI bhA~ti nissAra hai|| ___ gautamasvAmI mahasena rAjarSi kI kathA kahate haiM / rAjA saMsAra kA tyAga kara munidIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhatA hai / isa avasara para rAjA-rAnI kA saMvAda dekhiye rAjA-vidyut ke samAna caMcala isa jIvana meM patA nahIM kaba kyA ho jAye ? ___ rAnI-tumhAre suMdara zarIra kI zobhA dussaha parISaha ko kaise sahana kara sakegI? ___ rAjA-asthi aura carma se baddha isa zarIra meM sundaratA kahA~ se AI ? __ rAnI-he rAjan ! kucha dina to aura gRhavAsa karo, aisI kyA jaldI par3I hai ? ___ rAjA-kalyANa ke kArya meM bahuta vighna Ate haiM, isaliye kSaNabhara bhI yahA~ rahanA ucita nhiiN| rAnI-phira bhI apane putroM aura rAjyalakSmI ke itane bar3e vistAra kA to jarA dhyAna kro|

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520 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa rAjA-saMsAra meM anantakAla se bhramaNa karate hue hamane to koI bhI vastu sthira nahIM dekhii| rAnI-itanI bar3I samRddhi ke maujUda hone para itanA duSkara kArya karane kyoM cala par3e ? __rAjA-zaradkAlIna meghoM ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura isa samRddhi meM tuma kyoM vizvAsa karatI ho? / rAnI-yuvAvasthA meM hI pA~ca prakAra ke ina suMdara viSayabhogoM kA tuma kyoM tyAga karate ho ? rAjA-jisane inakA svarUpa jAna liyA hai, vaha pariNAma meM dukhakArI ina viSayabhogoM kA smaraNa kyoM karegA ? rAnI-yadi tuma pravrajyA grahaNa kara loge to tumhAre svajanasaMbaMdhI rudana kreNge| rAjA-dharma kI paravA na karate hue ye loga apane-apane svArtha ke vaza hI rudana kreNge|' ArAdhanA ko spaSTa karane ke liye madhurAjA aura sukosala muni ke dRSTAMta diye gaye haiN| phira vistAra se ArAdhanA kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue usake cAra mUla dvAra batAye haiN| 1. rAjA-taM hoja na vA ko muNati taDilayAcaMcale jIe / devI-dussahaparIsahe kahaM sahihi tuha suMdarA sarIrasirI // rAjA-kiM sundarattameyAe advicammAvaNaddhAe / devI-kaiyavi diNANi nivasaha sagihe ciya kIsa sugA hoha // rAjA-bahuvigdhe seyatthe khaNaMpi kaha NivasiuM juttaM / devI-pecchaha tahAvi niyaputtarajjalacchIe pavaravicchaDDaM // rAjA-saMsAraMmi bhamaMtehiM gaMtaso kiM ThiyamadiDaM / devI-kiM dukoNa imiNA saMtIe samuddharAe riddhIe // rAjA-sarayanmabhaMgurAe imIe ko tujjha viisNbho| devI-paMcappayArapavare apattakAle vi cayasi kiM vise|| rAjA-muNiyasarUvo ko te sareja pajjatadukkhakare / devI-tai panvajovagae suciraM paridevihI synnvggo|| rAjA,-niyaniyakajjAiM imo paridevai dhmmnnirvekkho|

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521 vivekamaMjarI ArAdhanA dhAraNa karanevAloM meM marudevI Adi ke dRSTAMta diye gaye haiN| tatpazcAt arhat , liMga, zikSA, vinaya samAdhi, manozikSA, aniyatavihAra, rAjA aura pariNAma nAmake dvAroM ko spaSTa karane ke liye krama se vaMkacUla, kUlavAla, maMgu AcArya zreNika, namirAjA, vasudatta, sthavirA, kurucandra, aura vanamitra ke kathAnaka diye gaye haiN| zrAvakoM kI dasa pratimAoM kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| phira jinabhavana, jinabiMba, jinabimba kA pUjana, prauSadhazAlA Adi dasa sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai| vivekamaMjarI isake kartA mahAkavi zrAvaka AsaDa haiM jo millamAla (zrImAla) vaMza ke kaTukarAja ke putra the / ve bhImadeva ke mahAmAtya pada para zobhita the| vikrama saMvat 1248 (IsavI san 1161) meM unhoMne vivekamaMjarI nAmake upadezAtmaka kathA-grantha kI racanA kii| AsaDa ne apane Apako kavi kAlidAsa ke samAna yazasvI batAyA hai| ve 'kavisabhAzRGgAra' ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| unhoMne kAlidAsa ke meghadUta para TIkA, upadezakaMdalIprakaraNa tathA aneka jinastotra aura stutiyoM kI racanA kI hai| bAlasarasvatI nAmaka kavi kA putra taruNa vaya meM hI kAla-kavalita ho gayA, usake zoka se abhibhUta ho abhayadevasUri ke upadeza se kavi isa grantha kI racanA karane ke liye prerita hue| isa para bAlacandra aura akalaMka ne TIkAyeM likhI haiN| upadezakaMdali upadezakaMdali meM upadezAtmaka kathAyeM haiN| isameM 120 gAthAyeM haiN| uvaesarayaNAyara ( upadezaratnAkara) isake kartA sahasrAvadhAnI munisundarasUri haiM jo bAlasarasvatI 1. dekhiye mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa, pRSTha 338-9 /

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522 . prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa aura vAdigokulapaNDa ke nAma se sanmAnita kiye jAte the / ' upadezaratnAkara vikrama saMvat 1476 (IsavI san 1316 ) se pUrva kI racanA hai jo lekhaka ke svopajJavivaraNa se alaMkRta hai| yaha grantha cAra aMzoM meM samApta hotA hai, isameM 12 taraMga haiN| aneka dRSTAntoM dvArA yahA~ dharma kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| aneka AcAryoM, zreSThiyoM, aura maMtriyoM Adi ke saMkSipta kathAnaka vivaraNa meM diye haiN| isake atirikta, mahAbhArata, mahAnizItha, vyavahArabhASya, uttarAdhyayanavRtti, paMcAzaka, dhanapAla kI RpabhapaMcAzikA Adi kitane hI granthoM ke uddharaNa yahA~ diye gaye haiN| rAgI, duSTa, mUDha, aura pUrvagraha se yukta vyakti ko upadeza ke ayogya batAyA hai| isake dRSTAMta bhI diye gaye haiN| arthI (jijJAsu), samartha, madhyastha, parIkSaka, dhAraka, vizepajJa, apramatta, sthira aura jitendriya vyakti ko dharma kA sAdhaka batAyA gayA hai| caSaka Adi pakSiyoM ke dRSTAnta dvArA dharma kA upadeza diyA hai| sarpa, Amopaka (cora ), Thaga, vaNika, vandhyA gAya, naTa, veNu, sakhA, bandhu, pitA, mAtA aura kalpataru ina bAraha dRSTAntoM dvArA yogya-ayogya guru kA svarUpa batAyA hai| guruoM ke niMbolI, priyAlu, nAriyala aura kele kI bhA~ti cAra bheda kiye haiN| jaise jala, phala, chAyA aura tIrtha se virahita parvata Azrita janoM ko kaSTaprada hote haiM, usI prakAra zruta, cAritra, upadeza aura atizaya se rahita guru apane zivyoM ke liye klezadAyI hote haiN| guru ko kITaka, khadyota, ghaTapradIpa, gRhadIpa, giripradIpa, graha, candra aura sUrya kI upamA dI hai| aka (Akha), drAkSa, vaTa aura Amra kI upamA dekara mithyAkriyA, samyakriyA, mithyAdAnayAtrA aura samyakadAnayAtrA ko samajhAyA hai| dharmoM ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai 1. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA meM san 1914 meM baMbaI se prakAzita /

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upadezaratnAkara 523 muhapariNAme rammAramma jaha osahaM bhave cauhA / ia vuddhadhammajiNatavapabhAvaNAdhammamicchANi // -auSadhi cAra prakAra kI hotI hai (1) svAdiSTa lekina pariNA meM kaTu, (2) khAne meM kar3avI lekina pariNAma meM sundara, (3) khAne meM acchI aura pariNAma meM bhI acchI, (4) khAne meM kar3avI aura pariNAma meM kaTu / isI prakAra krama se buddhadharma, jinadharma, prabhAvanAdharma aura mithyAtvarUpa dharma ko samajhanA caahiye| phira mithyAtva, kubhAva, pramAdavidhi tathA samyaktvazubhabhAvaapramattavidhi kI krama se parikhA, pazuoM se kaluSita jala, navIna jala aura mAnasasarovara se upamA dI gaI hai| zuka, mazaka, makSikA, kari, hari, bhAraMDa, rohita aura maza (machalI) ke dRSTAntoM dvArA mithyAtva ke baMdhana meM baddha adhama jIvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| modaka ke dRSTAnta dvArA ATha prakAra ke manuSyajanma kA svarUpa batAyA hai| yavanAla, ikSudaNDa, rasa, gur3a, khAMDa aura zakkara ke dRSTAntoM se dharma ke pariNAma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vardhamAnadezanA isake racayitA sAdhuvijayagaNi ke ziSya zubhavardhanagaNi haiN|' vikrama saMvat 1552 (IsavI san 1965) meM inhoMne vardhamAnadezanA nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI / prAkRta padyoM meM likhA huA yaha graMtha upAsakadazA nAma ke sAtaveM aMga meM se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| isake prathama vibhAga meM tIna ullAsa haiM / yahA~ vividha kathAoM dvArA mahAvIra ke dharmopadeza kA pratipAdana hai| udAharaNa ke liye, samyaktva kA pratipAdana karane ke liye haribala, haMsanRpa, lakSmIpuMja, madirAvatI, dhanasAra, haMsakezava, cArudatta, 1. jainadharmaprasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara kI ora se vikrama saMvat 1984 meM prakAzita /

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524 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dharmanRpa, surasena mahAsena, kezari cora, sumitra maMtrI, raNazUra nRpa aura jinadatta vyApArI kI kathAoM kA varNana hai| dUsare ullAsa meM kAmadeva zrAvaka Adi aura tIsare ullAsa meM culanIpitA zrAvaka Adi kI kathAyeM kahI gaI haiN| ___isake atirikta, aMtaraMgaprabodha, aMtaraMgasaMdhi, gautamabhASita, dazadRSTAMtagItA ( kartA somavimala ), nArIbodha, hitAcaraNa, hitopadezAmRta Adi prAkRta granthoM kI jaina aupadezika-sAhitya meM gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai|' 1. dekhiye jaina graMthAvali, pRSTha 168-19 /

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sAtavA~ adhyAya prAkRta carita-sAhitya (IsavI san kI cauthI zatAbdI se lekara 17vIM zatAbdI taka) kathA aura AkhyAnoM kI bhA~ti jaina muniyoM ne mahApuruSoM ke caritoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| jaba brAhmaNoM ke purANa-granthoM kI racanA hone lagI, tathA rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura harivaMzapurANa Adi kI lokapriyatA bar3hane lagI to jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI rAma, kRSNa aura tIrthaMkara Adi mahApuruSoM ke jIvana carita likhanA AraMbha kiyaa| taresaThazalAkApuruSoM ke carita meM caubIsa tIrthakara, bAraha cakravartI, nau vAsudeva, nau baladeva aura nau prativAsudevoM ke caritoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA | kalpasUtra meM RSabhadeva, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke caritoM kA varNana kiyA gyaa| vasudevahiNDI meM tIthakaroM ke carita likhe gaye | marahesara ne apanI kahAvali' meM tIrthaMkaroM ke caritoM kI racanA kii| yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNatti aura jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAzyakabhASya meM mahApuruSoM ke caritoM ko saMkalita kiyA gyaa| nirvRtikula ke mAnadevasUri ke ziSya zIlAMkAcArya (athavA zIlAcArya) ne san 868 meM caupannamahApurisacariya meM cauvana zalAkAmahApuruSoM kA jIvana 1. DaoNkTara yU0 pI0 zAha dvArA saMpAdita hokara yaha graMtha gAyakavAr3a orieMTala sIriz2a, bar3audA se prakAzita ho rahA hai|

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526 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa carita likhA / ' svataMtrarUpa se bhI aneka caritoM kI racanA huii| udAharaNa ke liye, vardhamAnasUri ne AdinAthacarita, vijayasiMha ke ziSya somaprabha ne sumatinAthacarita, devasUri ne padmaprabhasvAmIcarita, yazodeva ne candraprabhasvAmIcarita,ajitasiMha ne zreyAMsanAthacarita, candraprabha ne vAsupUjyasvAmicarita, nemicandra ne anaMtanAthacarita, devacandra ne zAMtinAthacarita, jinezvara ne mallinAthacarita, zrIcandra ne munisuvratasvAmicarita, ratnaprabha ne neminAthacarita Adi caritoM kI racanA kii| isI prakAra atimuktakacarita, RSidattAcarita, devakIcarita, rohiNIcarita, damayaMtIcarita, manoramAcarita, malayasundarIcarita, padmAvatIcarita, sItAcarita, haribalacarita, vajracarita, nAgadattacarita, bharatacarita Adi kitane hI carita likhe gaye jo abhI taka aprakAzita par3e haiN| jainadharma ke unnAyaka mahAn AcAryoM ke carita bhI jaina AcAryoM ne likhe / udAharaNa ke liye, jinadatta aura cAritrasiMha gaNi ne" gaNadharasArdhazataka kI racanA kii| isameM Aryasamudra, maMgu, vajrasvAmI, bhadragupta, tosaliputra, AryarakSita, umAsvAti, haribhadrazIlAMka, nemicandra, udyotanasUri, jinacandra, abhayadeva Adi AcAryoM ke carita likhe gaye / Age calakara jinasena, 1. muni puNyavijaya jI ise prakAzita kara rahe haiN| isake mudrita pharme ( 1-335) unakI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko mile / klausa bahana (Klaus Bruhn ) dvArA saMpAdita, haimbarga se 1954 meM prakAzita / 2. vizeSa ke liye dekhiye jaina graMthAvali, zrIzvetAMbara jaina kAnpharensa, baMbaI, vi0 sa0 1165, pRSTha 238-245 / AdinAtha, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke carita siripayaraNasaMdoha (RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1929) meM prakAzita hue haiN| 3. ise muni jinavijayajI prakAzita kara rahe haiN| 4. jaina graMthAvali, pRSTha 220-237 / 5. cunnIlAla pannAlAla dvArA baMbaI se san 1916 meM prakAzita /

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paumacariya 527 guNabhadra aura AcArya hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kI saMskRta meM racanA kii| phira puSpadanta ne apabhraMza meM, aura cAmuNDarAya ne kannaDa meM mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacarita likhe / tamila meM bhI caritoM kI racanA huI / ina caritoM meM laukika aura dhArmika kathAoM kA samAveza kiyA gyaa| ___ apanI kalpanA ke AdhAra se bhI kalpita jIvanacaritoM kI jaina AcAryoM ne racanA kI | vAsudevoM meM rAma aura kRSNa ke aneka lokapriya carita likhe gaye / nAyAdhammakahAo, aMtagaDadasAo aura uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kRSNa kI kathA AtI hai| vimalasUri ne paumacariya meM rAma kA aura harivaMsacariya meM kRSNa kA carita likhA hai| bhadrabAhu kA vasudevacarita anupalabdha hai| saMghadAsa ke vasudevahiNDI meM vasudeva ke bhramaNa kI kathA hai| jinasena ne saMskRta meM aura dhavala ne apabhraMza meM harivaMzapurANa kI racanA kii| isake sivAya karakaMDu, nAgakumAra, yazodhara, zrIpAla, jIvaMdhara, susaDha Adi mahApuruSa tathA aneka gaNadhara, vidyAdhara, kevalI, yati-muni, satI-sAdhvI, rAjA-rAnI, seTha-sAhukAra, vyApArI, dAnI Adi ke jIvanacarita likhe gye| paumacariya (padmacarita) vAlmIki kI rAmAyaNa kI bhAti paumacariya meM jaina paraMparA ke anusAra 118 paryoM meM padma (rAma) ke carita kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| paumacariya ke kartA vimalasUri haiM jo nAgila 1. DAkTara harmana yAkobI dvArA sampAdita san 1914 meM bhAvanagara se prakAzita / isakA mUla ke sAtha zAntilAla zAhakRta hindI anuvAda prAkRta jaina TaiksTa sosAyaTI kI ora se prakAzita ho rahA hai| isake kucha mudrita pharme prophesara dalasukha mAlavaNIyA kI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko mile| digamvara AcArya ravipeNa ne isa grantha ke AdhAra para san 678 meM saMskRta meM padmapurANa kI racanA kI hai| dekhiye nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 87 /

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528 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vaMza ke AcArya rAhu ke praziSya the| svayaM granthakartA ke kathanAnusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 530 varSa pazcAta (IsavI san ke 60 ke lagabhaga), pUrvo ke AdhAra se unhoMne jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta meM AryA chaMda meM isa rAghavacarita kI racanA kI hai| lekina prophesara yAkobI ne vimalasUri kA samaya IsavI san kI cauthI zatAbdI mAnA hai| ke0 eca0 dhruva ke kathanAnusAra isa kRti meM gAhinI aura saraha chaMda kA prayoga hone se isakA samaya IsavI san kI tIsarI zatAbdI mAnanA cAhiye / vimalasUri ke matAnusAra vAlmIkirAmAyaNa viparIta aura avizvasanIya bAtoM se bharI huI hai, isaliye paMDita loga usameM zraddhA nahIM karate / udAharaNa ke liye, vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM kahA hai ki rAvaNa Adi rAkSasa mAMsa Adi kA bhakSaNa karate the, rAvaNa kA bhAI kuMbhakarNa chaha mahIne taka sotA rahatA thA, aura bhUkha lagane para vaha hAthI, bhaiMsa Adi jo bhI kucha milatA use nigala jAtA thA, tathA indra ko parAjita kara rAvaNa use zRGkhalA meM bA~dhakara laMkA meM lAyA thaa| lekhaka ke anusAra ye bAteM asaMbhava haiM, aura aisI hI haiM jaise koI kahe ki kisI hariNa ne siMha ko mAra DAlA athavA kutte ne hAthI ko bhagA diyaa| rAjA zreNika ke dvArA prazna karane para gautama gaNadhara dvArA kahI huI rAmakathA kA vimalasUri ne paumacariya meM varNana kiyA hai| bIca-bIca meM aneka upAkhyAnoM, nagara, nadI, tAlAba, Rtu, Adi kA varNana dekhane meM AtA hai| zailI meM pravAha aura z2ora hai | kAvyasauSThava kI apekSA AkhyAyikA ke guNa adhika haiM; aisA lagatA hai jaise koI AkhyAna sunAyA jA rahA ho / varNana Adi ke prasaMgoM para kAvyatva bhI dikhAI de jAtA hai| zabdakoSa samRddha hai, kitane hI dezI zabda jahA~-tahA~ dekhane meM Ate haiM / vyAkaraNa ke vicitra rUpa pAye jAte haiM / 'evi,' 'kavaNa' Adi rUpa apabhraMza ke jAna par3ate haiN| sUtravidhAna nAma ke prathama uddezaka meM isa grantha ko sAta

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paumacariya 529 adhikAroM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-vizva kI sthiti, vaMzotpatti, yuddha ke liye prasthAna, yuddha, lava aura kuza kI utpatti, nivoNa aura aneka bhava / tatpazcAt vistRta viSayasUcI dI huI hai| zreNikacintAvidhAna nAmaka dUsare uddezaka meM rAjagRha, rAjA zreNika, mahAvIra, unakA upadeza aura padmacarita ke saMbaMdha meM rAjA zreNika kI zaMkA Adi kA varNana hai| vidyAdharalokavarNana * meM rAjA zreNika gautama ke pAsa upasthita hokara rAmacarita ke saMbaMdha meM prazna karate haiN| gautama kevalI bhagavAn ke kathana ke anusAra pratipAdana karate haiM ki mUr3ha kaviyoM kA rAvaNa ko rAkSasa aura mAMsabhakSI kahanA mithyA hai / isa prasaMga para RSabhadeva ke carita kA varNana karate hue batAyA hai ki usa samaya kRtayuga meM kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra kevala yahI tIna varNa vidyamAna the| yahA~ vidyAdharoM kI utpatti batAI hai| cauthe uddezaka meM lokasthiti, bhagavAna RSabha kA upadeza, bAhubali, kI dIkSA, bharata kI Rddhi aura brAhmaNoM kI utpatti kA pratipAdana hai| pA~caveM uddezaka meM ikSvAku, soma, vidyAdhara aura harivaMza nAma ke cAra mahAvaMzoM kI utpatti tathA ajitanAtha Adi ke carita kA kathana hai| chaThe uddezaka meM rAkSasa evaM vAnaroM kI pravrajyA kA varNana hai| vAnaravaMza kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki vAnara loga vidyAdhara vaMza ke the tathA inakI dhvajA Adi para vAnara kA cihna hone ke kAraNa ye vidyAdhara vAnara kahe jAte the / sAtaveM uddezaka meM dazamukha (rAvaNa) kI vidyAsAdhanA ke prasaMga meM indra, lokapAla aura ratnazravA Adi kA vRttAnta hai| rAvaNa kA janma, usakI vidyAsAdhanA Adi kA ullekha hai| rAvaNa kI mAtA ne apane putra ke gale meM uttama hAra pahanAyA; isa hAra meM rAvaNa ke nau mukha pratibimbita hote the, isaliye usakA nAma dezamukha rakkhA gyaa| bhImAraNya meM jAkara dazamukha ne vidyAoM kI sAdhanA kii| yahA~ aneka vidyAoM ke nAma ullikhita haiN| AThaveM uddezaka meM rAvaNa kA mandodarI ke sAtha vivAha, kuMbhakarNa aura vibhISaNa kA vivAha, indrajIta kA janma, rAvaNa aura 34 prA0 sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vaizramaNa kA yuddha, bhuvanAlaMkAra hAthI para rAvaNa kA Adhipatya Adi kA vRttAnta hai| nauveM uddezaka meM bAlI aura sugrIva kA jIvana vRttAnta, kharadUSaNa kA candranakhA ke sAtha vivAha, bAlI aura rAvaNa kA yuddha, aSTApada para bAlI muni dvArA rAvaNa kA parAbhava aura dharaNendra se zakti kI prApti kA varNana hai| dasaveM uddezaka meM rAvaNa kI digvijaya ke prasaMga meM rAvaNa kA indra ke prati prasthAna, tathA rAvaNa aura sahasrakiraNa ke yuddha kA vRttAnta hai| gyArahaveM uddezaka meM rAvaNa ko jinendra kA bhakta batAyA hai, usane aneka jina maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yajJa kI utpatti kI kathA ke prasaMga meM nArada aura - parvata kA saMvAda hai| nArada ke jIvana-vRttAnta kA kathana hai| nArada ne ArSavedoM se anumata vAstavika yajJa kA svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai veisarIrallINo maNajalaNo nANaghayasupajjalio / kammatarusamuppannaM, malasamihAsaMcayaM Dahai / / koho mANo mAyA lobho rAgo ya dosamoho ya / pasavA havanti ee hantavvA indiehi smN|| saccaM khamA ahiMsA dAyavvA dakSiNA supjttaa| dasaNacarittasaMjamabaMbhAIyA ime devA / / eso jiNehi bhaNio janno snyctyveynidiho| jogaviseseNa kao dei phalaM paramanivvANaM // -zarIra rUpI vedikA meM jJAnarUpI ghI se prajvalita, manarUpI agni, karmarUpI vRkSa se utpanna malarUpI kASTha ke samUha ko bhasma karatI hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa aura moha ye pazu hai, indriyoM ke sAtha inakA vadha karanA caahiye| satya, kSamA, ahiMsA, suyogya dakSiNA kA dAna, samyakadarzana, cAritrya, saMyama aura brahmacarya Adi devatA haiN| sacce vedoM meM nirdiSTa yaha yajJa jinendra bhagavAn ne kahA hai| yadi yaha yoga-vizeSa pUrvaka kiyA jAye to parama nirvANa ke phala ko pradAna karatA hai|

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paumacariya usake pazcAt tApasoM kI utpatti kA varNana hai| bArahaveM uddezaka meM rAvaNa kI putrI manoramA ke vivAha, zUlarana kI utpatti, rAvaNa kA nalakUbara ke sAtha yuddha aura indra ke sAtha yuddha kA vRttAnta hai| terahaveM uddezaka meM indra ke nirvANagamana kA kathana hai / caudahaveM uddezaka meM rAvaNa meru parvata para jAkara caityagRhoM kI vandanA karatA hai| anantavIrya dharma kA upadeza dete haiN| yahA~ zramaNa aura zrAvakadharma kA prarUpaNa hai| rAtribhojanatyAga aura usakA phala batAyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt aMjanAsuMdarI ke vivAha-vidhAna meM hanumAna kA carita, aMjanA kA pavanaMjaya ke sAtha saMbaMdha Adi kA varNana hai| solahaveM uddezaka meM pavanaMjaya aura aMjanAsuMdarI kA bhoga aura satarahaveM uddezaka meM hanumAna ke janma kA vRttAnta hai| bIsaveM uddezaka meM tIrthakara, cakravartI aura baladeva Adi ke bhavoM kA varNana hai| mallI, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra aura vAsupUjya ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki ye kumArasiMha (binA rAjya kiye hI) gRha kA tyAga karake cale gaye, zeSa tIrthakara pRthvI kA upabhoga kara dIkSita hue / ikkIsaveM uddezaka meM harivaMza kI utpatti aura munisuvrata tIrthakara kA vRttAMta hai| bIsa uddezakoM kI samApti ke pazcAt sarvaprathama yahA~ rAjA janaka aura rAjA dazaratha kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai / bAIsaveM uddezaka meM dazaratha ke janma kA varNana karate hue vividha tapoM kA ullekha hai| mAMsabhakSaNa kA phala pratipAdita kiyA hai| aparAjitA, kaikeyI aura sumitrA ke sAtha dazaratha kA vivAha huaa| kisI saMgrAma meM dazaratha kI sArathi banakara kaikeyI ne usakI sahAyatA kI jisase prasanna hokara dazaratha ne usase koI bara mAMgane ko kahA, caubIsaveM uddezaka meM isakA kathana hai| 1. ee kumArasIhA gehAo niggayA jinnvriNdaa| sesAvi hu rAyANo pahaI mottUNa nikkhaMtA // 58 // 2. anyatra aparAjitA ke sthAna para kauzalyA kA nAma milatA hai| dekhiye haribhadra kA upadezapada, bhAga 1 /

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532 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa paccIsaveM uddezaka meM aparAjitA se padma (rAma), sumitrA se lakSmaNa tathA kaikayI se bharata aura zatrughna kI utpatti batAI hai| chabbIsaveM uddezaka meM sItA aura bhAmaMDala kI utpatti kA vRttAnta hai| yahA~ mAMsavirati kA phala batAyA gayA hai / rAma dvArA mlecchoM kI parAjaya kA ullekha hai| rAma-lakSmaNa ko dhanuSaratna kI prApti huii| mithilA meM sItA kA svayaMvara racA gyaa| rAma ne dhanuSa ko uThAkara usa para DorI car3hA dI aura sItA ne unake gale meM varamAlA pahanA dI / unatIsaveM uddezaka meM dazaratha ke vairAgya kA varNana hai| isa prasaMga para ASAr3ha zuklA aSTamI ke dina dazaratha ne jina caityoM kI pUjA kA mAhAtmya mnaayaa| jinapUjA karane ke pazcAt usane gaMdhodaka ko apanI rAniyoM ke liye bhejaa| rAnI ne gaMdhodaka ko apane mastaka para cddh'aayaa| paTarAnI ko yaha pavitra jala nahIM milA jisase usane dukhI hokara apane jIvana kA anta karanA cAhA / itane meM kaMcukI jala lekara pahuMcA aura usakA mana zAnta ho gyaa| tatpazcAt dazaratha ne pravrajyA grahaNa karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| apane pitA kA yaha nizcaya dekha bharata ne bhI pratibuddha hokara dIkSA lene kA vicAra kiyA / kaikeyI yaha jAnakara atyaMta dukhI huii| isa samaya usane dazaratha se apanA vara mA~gA ki bharata ko samasta rAjya sauMpa diyA jaaye| dazaratha ne ise svIkAra kara liyaa| rAma ne bhI isakA anumodana kiyA aura ve svecchA se vanagamana ke liye taiyAra ho gye| lakSmaNa aura sItA bhI sAtha meM calane ko taiyAra ho gaye / vana meM jAkara tInoM idhara-udhara paribhramaNa karate rhe| daNDakAraNya meM vAsa karate samaya lakSmaNa ne kharadUpaNa ke putra zaMbUka kA vadha kara DAlA | candranakhA rAvaNa kI bahana aura kharadUpaNa kI patnI thii| usane apane putra ke mAre jAne ke kAraNa bahuta vilApa kiyA / yaha samAcAra jaba rAvaNa ke pAsa pahu~cA to vaha apane puSpaka vimAna meM baiThakara AyA aura sItA ko hara kara le gyaa| sItAharaNa kA samAcAra pAkara rAma ne bahuta vilApa kiyaa| tatpazcAt lakSmaNa ke sAtha vAnarasenA ko lekara unhoMne laMkA

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paumacariya 533 ke liye prasthAna kiyaa| udhara se rAvaNa bhI apanI senA lekara yuddha ke liye taiyAra ho gyaa| donoM senAoM meM ghamAsAna yuddha huA / lakSmaNa ko zakti lagI jisase ve mUrchita hokara gira pdd'e| laMkA meM phAlguna mAsa meM aSTAhnikA parva manAye jAne kA ullekha hai| pUrNabhadra aura maNibhadra nAma ke yakSoM ke nAma Ate hai|' rAvaNa ne kisI muni ke pAsa paradAratyAga kA vrata grahaNa kiyA thA, ataeva sItA ko prasanna karake hI usane use prApta karane kA nizcaya kiyA / mandodarI ne rAvaNa ko samajhAyA ki aThAraha hajAra rAniyoM se bhI jaba tumhArI tRpti nahIM huI to phira sItA se kyA ho sakegI ? usane apane pati ko paramahilA kA tyAga karane kA upadeza diyaa| lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa kA yuddha huA aura lakSmaNa ke hAtha se rAvaNa kA vadha huaa| sItA aura rAma kA punarmilana huaa| saba ne milakara ayodhyA ke lie prasthAna kiyA / rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA kA bhavya svAgata huaa| bharata aura kaikeyI ne dIkSA grahaNa kara lI | bharata ne nivoMNa prApta kiyA, kaikeyI ko bhI siddhi prApta huii| isake bAda bar3I dhUmadhAma se rAmacandra kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| yahA~ rAma aura lakSmaNa kI aneka striyoM kA ullekha hai| sItA ko jinapUjA karane kA dohada utpanna huaa| eka dina ayodhyA ke kucha pramukha vyakti rAma se milane aaye| unhoMne isa bAta kI khabara dI ki nagara bhara meM sItA ke saMbaMdha meM aneka kiMvadaMtiyA~ phailI huI haiN| loga kahate haiM ki sItA ko rAvaNa hara kara le gayA thA, usane sItA kA upabhoga kiyA, phira bhI rAma ne use apane ghara meM rakha liyaa| yaha sunakara rAma ko bahuta duHkha huaa| ve socane lage-"jisake kAraNa maiMne rAkSasAdhipa ke sAtha yuddha kiyA, vahI sItA mere yaza ko kalaMkita kara rahI hai / tathA logoM kA yaha kahanA ThIka hI hai, kyoMki para-puruSa ke ghara meM rahane ke pazcAt bhI madana se mUr3ha 1. yakSoM ke liye dekhiye jagadIzacandra jaina, lAipha ina aiMziyeNTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 220-31 /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa banA huA maiM sItA ko apane ghara le aayaa| athavA svabhAvataH kuTila striyoM kA svabhAva hI aisA hotA hai, ve doSoM kI AgAra haiM aura unake zarIra meM kAma kA vAsa hai| striyA~ duzcaritra kA mUla haiM aura mokSa meM vighna upasthita karanevAlI haiN|" yaha socakara rAma ne lakSmaNa ko Adeza diyA ki sItA ko nirvAsita kara diyA jAya | isa samaya sItA ke sAtha jAne vAle senApati kA hRdaya bhI dravita ho utthaa| usane isa akarma ke liye apane Apako bahuta dhikkArA | vana meM sItA ne lava aura kuza ko janma diyA / lava-kuza kA rAmacandra se samAgama huA, sItA kI amiparIkSA lI gii| sItA ne ghoSaNA kI ki rAma ko chor3akara anya kisI puruSa kI mana, vacana, kAyA se svapna meM bhI yadi usane abhilASA kI ho to yaha agni use jalAkara bhasma kara de, aura vaha agni meM kUda pdd'ii| lekina sItA ke nirmala caritra ke prabhAva se agnikuMDa ke sthAna para nirmala jala pravAhita hone lgaa| rAmacandra ne sItA se kSamA prArthanA kI, lekina sItA ne kezaloMca kara ke jaina dIkSA svIkAra kara lii| lava aura kuza ne bhI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| idhara lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ho gaI, mara kara ve naraka meM gaye / rAmacandra ne tapa karake nirvANa prApta kiyA / harivaMsacariya vimalasUri kI dUsarI racanA harivaMsacariya hai jisameM unhoMne harivaMza kA carita likhA hai / yaha anupalabdha hai| jaMbUcariya (jaMbUcarita) jaMbUcarita prAkRta bhASA kI eka suMdara kRti hai jisake racayitA nAilagacchIya vIrabhadrasUri ke ziSya athavA praziSya guNapAla muni the| isa grantha kI racanA-zailI Adi se anumAna . 1. muni jinavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita hokara siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, . baMbaI dvArA yaha graMtha prakAzita ho rahA hai| muni jinavijaya jI kI kRpA se isakI mudrita prati mujhe dekhane ko milI hai|

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jaMbUcariya kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha grantha vikrama saMvat kI 11vIM zatAbdI yA usase kucha pUrva likhA gayA hai| jaina paraMparA meM jaMbUsvAmI aMtima kevalI mAne jAte haiM, inake pazcAt kisI jaina zramaNa ko nirvANapada kI prApti nahIM huii| mahAvIranirvANa ke pazcAt jaMbUsvAmI ne sudharmasvAmI ke pAsa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA svIkAra kii| sudharma ne mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko jaMbU muni ko sunaayaa| isaliye prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM sudharma aura jaMbU muni ke nAma-nirdezapUrvaka hI mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaMbUcariya meM inhIM jaMbUsvAmI ke carita kA varNana kiyA hai| graMtha kI zailI para haribhadra kI samarAiJcakahA aura udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| dharmakathApradhAna yaha grantha gadya-padya mizrita hai, bhASA sarala aura subodha hai / kathA kA varNana pravAhayukta hai, bIca-bIca meM jainadharma saMbaMdhI aneka upadezoM ko saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM 16 uddeza haiN| pahale uddeza kA nAma kahAvIDha ( kathApITha) hai| yahA~ artha, kAma, dharma aura saMkIrNa kathA nAma kI cAra kathAoM kA ullekha hai| dUsare uddeza kA nAma kahAnibaMdha (kathAnibaMdha ) hai| tIsare uddeza meM rAjA zreNika mahAvIra kI vandanA ke liye jAte haiN| cauthe uddeza meM ve aMtima kevalI jaMbUsvAmI ke saMbaMdha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM / mahAvIra unake pUrvabhavoM kA varNana karate haiN| kisI pathika ke dohe ko dekhiye sA muddhA tahiM desaDai, dukkheM diyaha gamei / jai na pahuppaha suyaNa tuhu~, avasiM pANa caeI / / -vaha mugdhA usa deza meM duHkha se dina bitA rahI hai| he sujana ! yadi tuma nahIM Ate ho vaha avazya hI prANoM ko ga~vA degii| kisI pUrva kavi kI gAthA dekhiye dUrayaradesaparisaMThiyassa piyasaMgamaM mahaMtassa | AsAbaMdho ciya mANusassa parirakkhae jIyaM //

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536 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -dUratara deza meM sthita priyA ke saMgama kI icchA karate hue manuSya ke jIvana kI AzA kA taMtu hI rakSA kara sakatA hai| lATadeza meM sthita bharuyaccha (bhRgukaccha) nagara meM revAica nAmaka brAhmaNa AvayA nAma kI apanI patnI ke sAtha rahatA thaa| usake pandraha lar3akiyA~ aura eka lar3akA thaa| brAhmaNI pAnI bhara kara, cakkI pIsakara, gobara pAthakara aura bhIkha mA~gakara apane kuTumba kA pAlana krtii| peTa ke liye AdamI kyA nahIM karatA, isake saMbaMdha meM kahA hai baMsi caDaMti dhuNaMti kara, dhUlIdhUyA haMti / poTTahakAraNi kApurisa, kaM kaMjaM na kuNaMti -kApuruSa loga bA~sa para car3hate haiM, hAtha ko maTakAte haiM, dhUli meM lipaTe rahate haiM, aisA kauna sA kAma hai jo peTa ke kAraNa ve nahIM krte| ___ pA~caveM uddeza meM jaMbUsvAmI ke dUsare bhavoM kA varNana hai / yahA~ prahelikA, aMtyAkSarI, dvipadI, praznottara, akSaramAtrabinducyuta aura gUDhacaturthapAda kA ullekha hai| chaThe udeza kA nAma gRhidharmaprasAdhana hai / eka ukti dekhiye jaMkalle kAyavvaM ajjaM ciya taM kareha turmaannaa| bahuvigyo ya muhutto mA avarohaM paDikkheha / ' -jo kala karanA hai use Aja hI jaldI se kara ddaalo| pratyeka muhurta bahuvighnakArI hai, ataeva aparAhna kI apekSA mata kro| ___ sAtaveM uddeza meM dharmopadeza zravaNa kara jaMbUkumAra ko vairAgya ho jAtA hai| apane mAtA-pitA ke anurodha para siMdhumatI, dattazrI, padmazrI, padmasenA, nAgasenA, kanakadhI, kamalAvatI aura vijayazrI nAma kI ATha kanyAoM se ve vivAha karate haiM | eka bAra rAtri 1. milAiye kAla kara so Aja kara Aja karai so aba / pala meM parale hoyagI bahuri karoge kaba //

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surasuMdarIcariya ka27 ke samaya jaMbUkumAra apanI AThoM patniyoM ke sAtha sukha se baiThe hue krIr3A kara rahe the, usa samaya prabhava nAma ke cora senApati ne apane bhaToM ke sAtha unake ghara meM praveza kiyaa| jambUsvAmI prabhava ko dekhakara kiMcinmAtra bhI bhayabhIta nahIM hue| ve use upadeza dene lage / jaMbUkumAra ne prabhava ko madhubindu kA dRSTAnta sunAyA aura kuberadattA nAma ke AkhyAna kA varNana kiyA / tatpazcAt jaMbUkumAra ne apanI AThoM patniyoM ko hAthI, bandara, gIdar3a, dhamaka, vRddhA, grAmamUrkha, pakSI, bhaTTaduhitA Adi ke vairAgyavardhaka aneka kathAnaka sunAye | aMta meM unhoMne zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kI aura kevalajJAna prApta kara siddhi paaii| prabhava ne bhI jaMbUkumAra kA upadeza zravaNa kara muni dIkSA lii| jaMbUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke paJcAt prabhava ko unakA pada milA, aura unhoMne bhI siddhagati paaii| surasuMdarIcariya kahANayakosa ke kartA jinezvarasUri ke ziSya sAdhu dhanezvara ne subodha prAkRta gAthAoM meM vi0 saM0 1035 (IsavI san 1038) meM caDDAvalli nAmaka sthAna meM isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| yaha 1. isake atirikta sakalacandra ke ziSya bhuvanakIrti (vikrama saMvat kI 16vIM zatAbdI) aura padmasundara ne prAkRta meM jaMbUsvAmicarita kI racanA kii| vijayadayAsUri ke Adeza se jinavijaya AcArya ne vi0 saM0 1785 (san 1728) meM jaMbUsvAmicarita likhA (jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA, bhAvanagara se vi0 saM0 2004 meM prkaashit)| saMskRta aura apabhraMza meM bhI zvetAmbara aura digambara vidvAnoM ne jaMvRsvAmicaritoM kI racanA kii| rAjamalla kA saMskRta meM likhA huA jaMbUsvAmicarita jagadIzacandra jaina dvArA saMpAdita hokara maNikacandra digambara jaina graMthamAlA meM vi0 saM0 1993 meM prakAzita huA hai| 2. jaina vividha sAhityazAstramAlA meM munirAja zrIrAjavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita aura san 1916 meM yanArasa se prakAzita /

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538 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kRti 16 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai, pratyeka pariccheda meM 250 padya haiN| yaha eka prema AkhyAna hai jo kAvyaguNa se saMpanna hai| yahA~ zabdAlaMkAroM ke sAtha upamAlaMkAroM kA sundara prayoga huA hai| upamAyeM bahuta sundara bana par3I haiN| rasoM kI vividhatA meM kavi ne bar3A kauzala dikhAyA hai| apabhraMza aura grAmyabhASA ke zabdoM kA jahA~-tahA~ prayoga dikhAI detA hai| dhanadeva seTha eka divya maNi kI sahAyatA se citravega nAmaka vidyAdhara ko nAgapAza se chur3AtA hai| dIrghakAlIna viraha ke pazcAt citravega kA vivAha usakI priyatamA ke sAtha hotA hai| vaha surasuMdarI aura apane prema tathA viraha-milana kI kathA sunAtA hai| surasuMdarI kA makaraketu ke sAtha vivAha ho jAtA hai / anta meM donoM dIkSA le lete haiN| mUlakathA ke sAtha aMtarkathAyeM itanI adhika guMphita haiM ki par3hate hue mUlakathA eka tarapha raha jAtI hai| kathA kI nAyikA surasuMdarI kA nAma pahalI bAra gyArahaveM pariccheda meM AtA hai| isa grantha meM bhISaNa aTavI, bhIloM kA AkramaNa, varSAkAla, vasanta Rtu, madana mahotsava, sUryodaya, sUryAsta, sutajanma mahotsava, vivAha, yuddha, viraha, mahilAoM kA svabhAva, samudrayAtrA tathA jaina sAdhuoM kA nagarI meM Agamana, unakA upadeza, jainadharma ke tattva Adi kA sarasa varNana hai / virahAvasthA ke kAraNa bistare para karavaTa badalate hue aura dIrgha nizvAsa chor3akara saMtapta hue puruSa kI upamA bhAr3a meM bhUne jAte hue cane ke sAtha dI hai| koI priyatamA dIrghakAla taka apane priyatama ke mukha ko TakaTakI lagAkara dekhatI huI bhI nahIM aghAtI eyassa kyaNa-paMkaya paloyaNaM mottu maha imA ditttthii| paMka-nivuDA dubbala gAivva na sakkae gNtuN|| -jisa prakAra kIcar3a meM pha~sI huI koI durbala gAya apane sthAna se haTane ke liye asamartha hotI hai, usI prakAra isake mukha-kamala para gar3I huI merI dRSTi vApisa nahIM lauTatI / 1. bhaTTiyacaNago vi ya sayaNIye kIsa taDaphaDasi / (3, 148) /

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surasuMdarIcariya 539 rAjA ke viruddha kArya karane vAle vyakti ko lakSya karake kahA hai kAuM rAyaviruddhaM nAsaMto kattha chuTTase pAva | sUyAra-sAla-vaDio sasauvva viNassase innddiN| -he pApI / rAjA ke viruddha kArya karane se bhAga kara tU kahA~ jAyegA ? rasoiye kI pAkazAlA meM AyA huA kharagoza bhalA kahIM bacakara jA sakatA hai ? yauvanaprApta kanyA ke liye vara kI AvazyakatA batAI hai dhUyA jovvaNapattA vararahiyA kula-harammi vsmaannaa| taM kiMpi kuNai kajaM lahai kulaM mailaNaM jeNa // -yuvAvasthA ko prApta vararahita kulIna ghara meM rahanevAlI kanyA jo kucha kArya karatI hai usase kula meM kalaMka hI lagatA hai| rAga duHkha kI utpatti kA kAraNa hai tAvazciya paramasuhaM jAva na rAgo maNammi uccharai / haMdi ! sarAgammi maNe dukkhasahassAI pavisaMti // -jaba taka mana meM rAga kA udya nahIM hotA taba taka hI sukha hai / rAgasahita cittavAle mana meM sahasroM duHkhoM kA praveza hotA hai| putravatI nArI kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai dhannAu tAu nArIo ittha jAo ahonisiM nAha | niyayaM thaNaM dhayaMta thaNaMdhayaM haMdi ! picchaMti // -ve nAriyA~ dhanya haiM jo nitya stanapAna karate hue apane bAlaka ko dekhatI haiN| striyoM ke svabhAva kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki caMcala cittavAlI mahilAoM meM kApuruSa jana hI AsaktibhAva rakhate haiM, sajana nhiiN| apane mana meM ve aura kucha socatI haiM, aura kisI ko dekhatI haiM tathA kisI aura ke sAtha saMbaMdha jor3atI haiN| caMcala cittavAlI aisI mahilAoM ko kauna priya ho sakatA hai ? triyA~ satya, dayA, aura pavitratA se vihIna hotI haiM, akArya

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540 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa meM rata rahatI haiM, binA bicAre sAhasapUrNa kArya karatI haiM, bhaya utpanna karatI haiM, aisI hAlata meM kauna aisA buddhimAn puruSa hai jo unase prema karegA ? guru ke mukha se striyoM ke saMbaMdha meM uparyukta vAkya sunakara ziSya ne zaMkA kI ki mahArAja! merI strI to sarala, pativratA, satya, zIla aura dayA se yukta hai, tathA vaha mujha se prema karatI hai aura vinIta hai| guru ne uttara diyA-bhale hI vaha guNavatI ho, lekina phira bhI vaha viSa se mizrita bhojana kI bhA~ti durgati ko hI le jAnevAlI hai| ___ jIva, sarvajJa aura nirvANa ko svIkAra na karanevAle nAstikavAdI kapila kA ullekha hai| bhUta-cikitsA ke liye namaka utAranA, sarasoM mAranA aura rakSA-poTalI bA~dhane kA vidhAna hai| ___ zatru kA AkramaNa hone para jo gA~va zatru ke mArga meM par3ate the, vahA~ ke nivAsI gA~va ko khAlI karake anyatra cale jAte the, vahA~ ke kuoM ko DhaMka diyA jAtA aura tAlAboM ke pAnI ko kharAba kara diyA jAtA thA jisase vaha zatrusenA ke upayoga meM na A ske| gaMbhIra nAma ke samudrataTa kA sundara varNana hai| yahA~ se vyApArI loga supArI nAriyala, kapUra, aguru, caMdana, jAyaphala Adi se yAnapAtra ko bharakara zubha nakSatra dekhakara maMgalaghoSa ke sAtha videzayAtrA ke liye prasthAna karate haiM / yAnapAtra zanaiH zanaiH bar3I sAvadhAnI ke sAtha kisI saMyamazIla muni kI bhA~ti Age bar3hatA hai| udyAna meM krIDA karate hue surasuMdarI aura mandaraketu kA vinodapUrNa praznottara dekhiye kiM dharai punnacaMdo, kiM vA icchati pAmarA khitte ? AmaMtasu aMta-guruM kiM vA sokkhaM puNo sokkhaM ? daLUNa kiM visaThThai kusumavaNaM jaNiyajaNamaNANaMdaM ? kaha Nu ramijjai paDhamaM paramahilA jArapurisehiM ? (ina saba praznoM kA eka hI uttara hai-sa-saM-kaM)

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rayaNacUDarAyacariya 541 -1. pUrNacandra kise apane meM dhAraNa karatA hai ? sasaM (zaza arthAt hariNa ko)| 2. kisAna loga kheta meM kisakI icchA karate haiM ? ke (jala kii)| 3. aMtaguru (jisake anta meM guru AtA ho) kauna hai ? sa (sgnn)| 4. sukha kyA hai ? saM (zaM-sukha) 5. phira sukha kyA hai ? kaM (sukh)| 5. puSpoM kA samUha kise dekhakara praphullita ho uThatA hai ? sasaMkaM (zazAMka-candramA ko)| 6. parastrI kisI jAra puruSa se kaise ramaNa karatI ? sasaMkaM (sazaMkaM-sazaMka hokr)| rayaNacUDarAyacariya (ratnacUDarAjacarita ) prAkRta gadya meM racita dharmakathApradhAna yaha kRti jJAtRdharmakathA nAma ke Agama grantha kA sUcaka hai jisameM devapUjA aura samyaktva Adi dharmoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|' isake racayitA uttarAdhyayanasUtra para sukhabodhA nAma kI TIkA (racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1126) likhanevAle tathA AkhyAnamaNikoza ke racayitA suprasiddha AcArya nemicandra haiN| yaha kRti DiMDilavaddaniveza meM AraMbha huI aura caDDAvalli purI meM samApta huii| saMskRta se yaha prabhAvita hai, isameM kAvya kI chaTA jagaha-jagaha dekhane meM AtI hai| aneka sUktiyA~ bhI kahI gaI haiN| lekhaka ne aneka sthaloM para bar3e svAbhAvika citra upasthita kiye haiN| gautama gaNadhara rAjA zreNika ko ranacUDa kI kathA sunAte haiN| ratnacUDa jaba ATha varSa kA huA to use zveta vastra pahanA aura puSpa Adi se alaMkRta kara vidyAzAlA meM le gaye aura samasta zAstra Adi ke paMDita jJAnagarbha nAmaka kalAcAya kA vastra Adi dvArA satkAra kara zubha nakSatra meM guruvAra ke dina use __1. paMnyAsa maNivijaya gaNivara graMthamAlA meM san 1942 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita /

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542 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vidyAdhyayana karane ke liye baiThA diyaa| ratnacUDa ne chaMda, alaMkAra, kAvya, nATaka Adi kA adhyayana kiyA / jaba vaha bar3A huA to koI vidyAdhara use uThAkara le gayA / kisI jaMgala meM pahu~cakara vaha eka tApasa se milA / vahA~ rAjakumArI tilakasundarI se usakI bheMTa huii| donoM kA vivAha ho gyaa| jaba ve naMdipura jA rahe the to tilakasundarI ko koI vidyAdhara hara kara le gayA / ratnacUDa riSTapura calA gayA / riSTapura ke kAnana meM cAmuMDA devI ke Ayatana kA ullekha hai / ratnacUDa aura surAnandA kA vivAha ho jAtA hai / rAjA madhyAhna ke samaya apanI apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha baiTha kara praznottara goSThI kiyA karate the / ratnacUDa 'vaitADhya parvata ke liye prasthAna karate samaya kanakazRMga parvata para zAntinAtha ke caitya ke darzana ke liye jAte haiM / zAntinAtha ke snAna-mahotsava kA yahA~ varNana hai / svapna satya hotA hai yA nahIM, isako dRSTAMtoM dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai / zAntinAtha ke caritra kA varNana hai / Age calakara ratnacUDa rAjazrI ke sAtha vivAha karatA hai aura usakA rAjyAbhiSeka ho jAtA hai / apanI prathama patnI tilakasundarI ko vaha nimnalikhita patra bhejatA hai / "svasti vaitADhya kI dakSiNazreNi meM sthita rathanUpuracakravAla nAmaka nagara se rAjA ratnacUDa priyapriyatamA tilakasuMdarI ko sasneha AliMgana karake kahatA hai| devI dvArA apanI kuzala kA patra bhejane se hRdaya ko parama saMtoSa milA aura cintA kA kaThina bhAra halakA huA / " tathA "narayasamANaM rajjaM visaM va visayA duhaMkarA lacchI / tuha virahe maha suMdari, nayaramaraNNeva paDihAI // purao ya piTThao ya pAsesu ya dIsase tumaM suyaNu / dahai disAvalayamiNaM, manne tuha cintariccholI //

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rayaNacUDarAyacariya citte ya vaTTasi tuma, guNesu na ya khuTTase tumaM suyaNu / sejjAe paloTTasi tumaM vivaTTasi disAmuhe taMsi // . bolnaMmi vaTTasi tumaM, kavvapabaMdhe payaTTasi tumaM ti| tuha virahe maha suMdara ! bhuvaNaM pi hu taM mayaM jAyaM / ' -rAjya mujhe naraka ke samAna lagatA hai, viSayabhoga viSa ke samAna pratIta hote haiM aura lakSmI duHkhadAyI ho gaI hai| he suNdri| tumhAre viraha meM yaha nagara araNya ke samAna jAna par3atA hai / he sutanu ! Age, pIche aura Asa-pAsa jahA~-jahA~ tuma dikhAI detI ho, vahA~-vahA~ yaha dizAmaMDala jalatA huA jAna par3atA hai| maiM tujhe apane citta kI rathyA samajhatA huuN| tuma sadA mere mana meM basatI ho / he sutanu ! tuma guNoM se kSINa nahIM ho / tuma jaise-jaise zayyA para karavaTa letI ho, vaise-vaise usa dizA meM merA mana calA jAtA hai| pratyeka bola meM tuma rahatI ho, kAvyaprabaMdha meM basatI ho / he suMdari ! tumhAre viraha ke kAraNa yaha sArA saMsAra tadrUpa ho gayA hai|" "tumheM aba adhika saMtApa nahIM karanA caahiye| karma ke vaza se kisakI dazA viSamatA ko prApta nahIM ho jaatii| tumhArI aba maiM zIghra hI khabara luuNgaa|" ratnacUDa aura madanakezarI ke yuddha kA varNana hai| ratnacUDa madanakezarI ko parAjita kara tilakasuMdarI ko vApisa lAtA hai| tatpazcAt apanI pA~coM striyoM ko lekara vaha tilakasuMdarI ke mAtApitA se milane nandipura jAtA hai| dhanapAla seTha kI bhAryA IzvarI bar3I kaTubhASiNI thI aura sAdhuoM ko bhikSA dene ke bahuta khilApha thii| eka bAra bahuta se kATika sAdhu usake ghara bhikSA ke liye Aye | Ate hI unhoMne use AzIrvAda diyA-"somezvara tujha para prasanna hoM, 1. ye anta kI donoM gAthAyeM kucha heraphera ke sAtha kAvyaprakAza (8-343 ) meM milatI haiM jo karpUramaMjarI (2-4)se lI gaI haiN|

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rayaNacUDarAyacariya 545 vari kari kavaliya nayaNajuyalu vari mahu sahi phuTTau // maM Dhojhau mahaMtu annanArihiM sahu divau // 1 // tahA vari dAriddau vari aNAhu vari varu dunnAliu / vari rogAuru vari kuruvu vari nigguNu hAliu / vari karaNacaraNavihUNadehU vari bhikkhabhamaMtau maM rAuvi savattijuttu maiM pai saMpattau // 2 // koI garviNI apanI sakhI ko lakSya karake kaha rahI hai, mara jAnA acchA hai, garbha meM naSTa ho jAnA zreyaskara hai, barchiyoM ke dvArA ghAyala ho jAnA uttama hai, prajvalita dAvAnala meM pheMka diyA jAnA ThIka hai, hAthI se bhakSaNa kiyA jAnA zreyaskara hai, donoM A~khoM kA phUTa jAnA uttama hai, lekina apane pati ko para nAriyoM ke sAtha dekhanA acchA nhiiN| isI prakAra dAridraya zreyaskara hai, anAtha rahanA acchA hai, anAr3I rahanA uttama hai, roga se pIr3ita honA ThIka hai, kurUpa honA acchA hai, nirguNa rahanA zreyaskara hai, lUlA la~gar3A ho jAya to bhI koI bAta nahIM, bhikSA mA~gakara khAnA uttama hai, lekina kabhI apane pati ko sapaniyoM ke sAtha dekhanA acchA nhiiN| pATaliputra meM eka atyaMta suMdara devabhavana thaa| vaha suMdara zAlabhaMjikAoM se zobhita thaa| usake kASTanirmita uttaraMga aura dehalI aneka prakAra ke jaMtu-rUpakoM se zobhAyamAna the| vahA~ bAI ora rati ke samAna ramaNIya eka staMbha-zAlabhaMjikA banI huI thI, jisake kezakalApa, nayananikSepa, mukhAkRti tathA aMga-pratyaMga AkarSaka the| amaradatta aura mitrAnaMda nAma ke do mitroM ne isa devabhavana meM praveza kiyaa| amaradatta puttalikA ke saundarya ko dekhakara usa para Asakta ho gyaa| patA lagA ki soppAraya (zUrpAraka) deza ke sUradeva nAmaka sthapati ne ujjainI ke rAjA mahezvara kI kanyA ratnamaMjarI kA rUpa dekhakara isa puttalikA ko gar3hA hai| mitrAnaMda pahale soppAraya gayA, vahA~ se phira ujjainI pahu~cA, aura apanI buddhi ke cAturya se vaha mahezvara kI rAjakumArI ranamaMjarI 35 prA0 sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ko ghor3e para baiThAkara pATaliputra le aayaa| amaradatta use prApta kara atyaMta prasanna huaa| pAsanAhacariya ( pArzvanAthacarita) pArzvanAthacarita kahArayaNakosa ke kartA guNacandragaNi kI dUsarI utkRSTa racanA hai| isa graMtha kI vi0 saM0 1168 (san 1111 meM) bhar3auMca meM racanA kI gii| pArzvanAthacarita meM 'pA~ca prastAvoM meM 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA carita hai| prAkRta gadya-padya meM likhI gaI isa sarasa racanA meM samAsAnta padAvali aura chanda kI vividhatA dekhane meM AtI hai / kAvya para saMskRta zailI kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| aneka saMskRta ke subhASita yahA~ uddhRta haiN| ___ pahale prastAva meM pArzvanAtha ke tIna pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha hai| pahale bhava meM ve marubhUti nAma se kisI purohita ke ghara paidA hue | unake bhAI kA nAma kamaTha thaa| kamaTha kA marubhUti kI strI se anucita saMbaMdha ho gayA jisakA marubhUti ko patA laga ' gayA / rAjA ne usake kAna kATakara aura gadhe para car3hAkara nagara se nikAla diyA | kamaTha ne tapovana meM pahu~cakara tApasoM ke vrata svIkAra kara liye | marubhUti jaba kamaTha se kSamAyAcanA karane gayA to kamaTha ne usake Upara zilA pheMka kara use mAra ddaalaa| -dusare bhava meM donoM bhAI kramazaH hAthI aura sarpa kI yoni meM 'utpanna hue| dUsare prastAva meM marubhUti kiraNavega nAmakA vidyAdhara huaa| . usake janma Adi ke vRttAnta ke sAtha bIca-bIca meM muniyoM kI dezanA aura unake dvArA kathita pUrvabhavoM kA varNana bhI yahA~ diyA hai| usake bAda marubhUti ne vajranAbha kA janma dhAraNa 1. ahamadAbAda se san 1945 meM prakAzita / isakA gujarAtI anuvAda AtmAnanda jaina sabhA kI ora se vi0 saM02005 meM prakAzita huA hai|

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pAsanAhacariya kiyA / vajranAbha kisI pathika ke mukha se baMgAdhipati kI kathA sunate haiN| baMgAdhipati kI vijayA nAma kI kanyA ko koI vidyAdhara uThAkara le jAtA hai| usakI prApti ke liye baMgarAja mantra kI sAdhanA karate haiN| kuladevatA kAtyAyanI kI pUjA karake ve apanI kanyA kA samAcAra pUchate haiM / usa samaya vahA~ aneka mantra-tantroM meM kuzala, vAmamArga meM nipuNa bhAgurAyaNa nAma kA guru rahatA thaa| usane yaha dussAdhya kArya karane ke liye apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kii| rAjA ko usane eka mantra diyA aura kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri ko zmazAna meM lAla kaNera ke puSpoM kI mAlA dhAraNa kara usa mantra kI 1008 jApa dvArA caNDasiMha nAma ke vetAla ko siddha karane kI vidhi batAI / rAjA ne zmazAna meM pahu~cakara eka sthAna para eka maNDala banAyA, dizAoM ko bali arpita kI, kavaca dhAraNa kiyA aura nAka ke agrabhAgapara dRSTi sthApita kara caNDasiMha vetAla kA mantra par3hanA Arambha kara diyA | kucha samaya pazcAt vetAla hAtha meM kaicI liye hue upasthita huaa| usane rAjA se apane mAMsa aura rakta se usakA kapAla bhara dene ke liye kahA | rAjA ne talavAra se apanI jAMgha kATa kara use mAMsa arpita kiyA aura rudhira pAna karAyA / vetAla ne prasanna hokara rAjakumArI kA patA batA diyaa| rAjakumArI kA vajranAbha ke sAtha vivAha ho gayA aura bAda meM muni kA upadeza sunakara vajranAbha ne dIkSA le lii| tIsare prastAva meM marubhUti vArANasI ke rAjA azvasena ke ghara putrarUpa meM utpanna hue, unakA nAma pArzvanAtha rakkhA gyaa| vArANasI nagarI kA yahA~ sarasa varNana kiyA gayA hai| rAjA azvasena ne putrajanma kA utsava bar3I dhUmadhAma se manAyA / vardhApana Adi kriyAyeM saMpanna huii| bar3e hone para prabhAvatI se unakA vivAha huaa| vivAha-vidhi kA yahA~ varNana hai| udhara kamaTha kA jIva tApasoM ke vrata dhAraNa kara paMcAgni tapa karane lagA | nagarI ke bahuta se loga usake darzanoM ke liye jAte aura

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548 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa usakI pUjA-upAsanA karate / eka bAra pArzvanAtha bhI vahA~ gye| jisa kASTha ko kamaTha agnikuNDa meM jalA rahA thA, usameM se pArzvanAtha ne eka sarpa nikAla kara dikhAyA | isase kamaTha atyaMta lajjita huaa| kamaTha marakara devayoni meM utpanna huaa| kucha samaya pazcAt pArzvanAtha ne saMsAra se udAsIna hokara zramaNa dIkSA dhAraNa kii| unhoMne aMgadeza meM vihAra kiyaa| vahA~ eka kuMDa nAmakA sarovara thA jahA~ bahuta se hAthI jala pIne ke lie Ate the| pArzvanAtha ko kali parvata para dekhakara eka hAthI ko apane pUrvabhava kA smaraNa ho aayaa| yahA~ devoM ne eka maMdira kA nirmANa kiyA aura usameM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA virAjamAna kI, taba se yaha pavitra sthAna kalikuMDa nAma se kahA jAne lgaa| ahicchatrA nagarI kA bhI yahA~ ullekha hai / kukkuDesara caitya ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| cauthe prastAva meM pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna kI prAni ho jAtI hai| subhadatta, ajaghoSa, vasiha, baMbha, soma, siridhara, vAriseNa, bhaddajasa, jaya, aura vijaya nAma ke dasa gaNadharoM ko ve upadeza dete haiN| rAjA azvasena ke prazna karane para pArzvanAtha gaNadharoM ke pUrvabhavoM kA vistAra se varNana karate haiM / yahA~ zAkiniyoM kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki ve vaTa vRkSa ke nIce ekatrita huI thIM, DamarU baja rahA thA, jora jora se cillA rahI thIM, aura zmazAna se lAye hue eka murde ko lekara baiThI huI thiiN| kisI kApAlika ke vidyAsAdhana kA bhI ullekha hai| kRSNa caturdazI ke dina zmazAna meM pahuMcakara eka sthAna para maMDala banAyA, usa para eka akSata murde ko snAna karA kara rakkhA aura usa para caMdana kA lepa kiyaa| tatpazcAt apane dAyeM hAtha ke pAsa eka talavAra rakkhI / murde ke pA~voM ko jala se sIMcA aura saba dizAoM ko bali arpita kii| phira kApAlika nAsikA ke agrabhAga para dRSTi rakha 1. jinaprabha ke vividhatIrthakalpa ke antargata kalikuMDa kukkuDesara tIrtha (15) meM bhI isakA varNana hai|

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pAsanAhacariya 546 kara maMtra kA smaraNa karane lgaa| yahA~ caMDikA ke Ayatana kA bhI ullekha hai jise puruSa kI bali dekara saMtuSTa kiyA jAtA thA / usake Upara pAnI bhara kara laTakAye hue ghar3e meM se pAnI cUtA rahatA thaa| banArasa ke Thaga usa samaya bhI prasiddha the / vedoM kA pATha karane se bhikSA mila jAtI thii| yAnapAtra meM mAla bhara kara, samudra-devatA kI pUjA-upAsanA kara zubha muhUtte meM samudrayAtrA kI jAtI thii| vivAha ke avasara para agni meM Ahuti dI jAtI, brAhmaNa loga maMtrapATha karate tathA kulastriyA~ maMgalagAna karatI thIM / bhadra, manda aura mRga nAma ke hAthiyoM ke tIna prakAra ginAye haiN| uttama hAthI kA dAma savA lAkha rupayA hotA thaa| putrotpatti kI icchA se kuza kI zayyA para baiThakara dasa rAtataka kuladevI bhagavatI kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI thii| golla deza kA yahA~ ullekha hai| vivAha kI bhA~vareM par3ate hue yadi cauthA pherA samApta hone ke pUrva hI kanyA ke vara kI mRtyu ho jAya to kanyA kA punarvivAha ho sakatA thaa| mRtaka kI haDDiyA~ gaMgA meM bahAne kA rivAja thaa| yahA~ hastitApasoM kA ullekha hai| ye loga hAthI ko mAra kara bahuta dinoM taka usakA mAMsa bhakSaNa karate the| inakI mAnyatA thI ki aneka jIvoM ke vadha karane kI apekSA eka jIva kA vadha karanA uttama hai; thor3A sA doSa lagane para yadi bahuta se guNoM kI prApti hotI ho to uttama hai, jaise ki u~galI meM sAMpa ke kATa lene para zeSa zarIra kI rakSA ke liye u~galI kA utanA hI hissA kATa diyA jAtA hai| bhairavoM ko kAtyAyanI kA maMtra siddha rahatA thaa| ve loga zazi aura ravi ke pavanasaMcAra ko dekhakara phalAphala batAte the| bhairava ne tilakasuMdarI ko nIroga karane ke lie eka kumArI kanyA ko snAna karAkara, zveta dukUla ke vastra pahanA, usake zarIra ko caMdana se carcita kara maMDala ke Upara baitthaayaa|' 1. nepAla meM hiraNyagarbha Adi ke maMdiroM meM Aja bhI kumArI kanyA

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550 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa maMtra kI sAmarthya se Avezayukta hokara vaha praznoM kA uttara dene lagI / auSadhi athavA maMtra Adi vazIkaraNa athavA uccATana karane meM samartha mAne jAte the| ise kammaNadosa kahA gayA hai| kisI guTikA Adi se yaha doSa zAnta ho sakatA thaa| ___ pA~caveM prastAva meM pArzvanAtha kA mathurA nagarI meM samavazaraNa AtA hai, aura ve dAna Adi kA dharmopadeza dete haiN| unhoMne gaNadharoM ko upadeza diyaa| tatpazcAt kAzI meM praveza kiyaa| somila brAhmaNa ke praznoM ke uttara diye | ziva, sundara, soma aura jaya nAma ke unake cAra ziSyoM kA vRttAnta hai| vahA~ se pArzvanAtha ne AmalakalpA nagarI meM vihAra kiyaa| cAturyAma dharma kA unhoMne pratipAdana kiyaa| anta meM sammeya zaila zikhara para pahu~cakara mukti paaii| __mahAvIracariya ( mahAvIracarita) mahAvIracarita guNacandragaNi kI tIsarI racanA hai|' vi0 saM0 1136 (IsavI san 1082) meM unhoMne 12,025 zlokapramANa isa praur3ha grantha kI racanA kI thii| guNacandra kI racanAoM ke adhyayana se inake mantra-tantra, vidyA-sAdhana tathA vAmamArgiyoM aura kApAlikoM ke kriyAkANDa Adi ke vizAla jJAna kA patA lagatA hai| mahAvIracarita meM ATha prastAva haiM jinameM se Adhe bhAga meM mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ rAjA, nagara, vana, aTavI, utsava, vivAhavidhi, vidyAsiddhi Adi ke rocaka varNana milate haiN| kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha grantha eka saphala racanA hai| kAlidAsa, bANabhaTTa, mAgha Adi saMskRta ke kA bahuta mahatva hai| maMdiroM meM dIpaka jalAne aura mUrti ko sparza Adi karane kA kArya kumArI hI karatI hai| 1. yaha grantha devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustaka uddhAra granthamAlA meM san 1929 meM bambaI se prakAzita huA hai| isakA gujarAtI anuvAda vi0 saMvat 1994 meM jaina AsmAnanda.sabhA ne prakAzita kiyA hai|

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mahAvIracariya suprasiddha kaviyoM kA prabhAva spaSTa lakSita hotA hai / saMskRta ke kAvyoM ke sAtha isakI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| bIca-bIca meM saMskRta ke zloka uddhRta haiM, aneka padya avahaTTa bhASA meM likhe gaye haiM jina para gujarAta ke nAgara apabhraMza kA prabhAva hai / dezI zabdoM ke sthAna para tadbhava aura tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga hI adhika hai / chandoM kI vividhatA dekhane meM AtI hai| __ prathama prastAva meM samyaktvaprApti kA nirUpaNa hai| dUsare meM RSabha, bharata, bAhubali tathA marIci ke bhavoM Adi kA varNana hai| marIci ke varNana-prasaMga meM kapila, aura Asuri kI dIkSA kA ullekha hai| tIsare prastAva meM vizvabhUti kI vasantakrIr3A, raNayAtrA, saMbhUti AcArya kA upadeza aura vizvabhUti kI dIkSA kA varNana hai| ripupratizatru ne apanI kanyA mRgAvatI ke sAtha gandharvavivAha kara liyA, usase prathama vAsudeva triSTaSTha kA janma huaa| tripRSTha kA azvagrIva ke sAtha yuddha huA jisameM azvagrIva mArA gayA | yahA~ gohatyA ke samAna dUta, vezyA aura bhAMr3oM ke vadha kA niSedha kiyA hai| dharmaghoSasUri kA dharmopadeza saMgRhIta hai / priyamitra cakravartI kI digvijaya kA varNana hai / anta meM priyamitra dIkSA grahaNa kara munidharma kA pAlana karate haiN| cauthe prastAva meM priyamitra kA jIva nandana nAmakA rAjA banatA hai|' ghoraziva tapasvI vazIkaraNa Adi vidyAoM meM niSNAta thaa| vaha zrIparvata' se AyA thA aura jAlaMdhara ke lie prasthAna kara 1. yaha prastAva naravikramacaritra ke nAma se saMskRta chAyA ke sAtha nemivijJAna graMthamAlA meM vi0 saM0 2008 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA hai| 2. yaha madrAsa rAjya meM karanUla jile meM eka pavitra parvata mAnA jAtA hai / subandhu ne apanI vAsavadattA meM zrIparvata kA ullekha kiyA hai| padmapurANa ( uttarakhaNDa, adhyAya 11) meM ise mallikArjuna kA sthAna mAnA hai| bhavabhUti ne mAlatImAdhava (aMka 1) meM isakA

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552 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa rahA thA / rAjA narasiMha ne use apane mantra-bala se koI kautuka dikhAne kI prArthanA kI | ghoraziva ne kRSNacaturdazI ko rAtri ke samaya zmazAna meM jAkara agnitarpaNa karane ke liye rAjA se kahA / rAjA ne ise svIkAra kara liyaa| zmazAna meM pahu~ca kara ghoraziva ne vedikA racI, maNDala banAyA / phira vahA~ padmAsana lagAkara prANAyAmapUrvaka mantra japane lgaa| zmazAna kA varNana dekhiye nilINavijjasAhagaM pavUDhapUyavAhagaM, karoDikoDisakaDaM, raDaMtaghUyakakkaDaM / sivAsahassasaMkulaM, milaMtajogiNIkulaM, pabhUyabhUyabhIsaNaM, kusttsttnaasnnN| paghuTThaduTThasAvayaM jalaMtativvapAvayaM, bhasaMtaDAiNIgaNaM pavittamaMsamaggaNaM // 1 // kahakahaTTahAsovalakkhagururakkhalakkhaduppecchaM / airukkharukkhasaMbaddhagiddhapAraddhaghoraravaM // 2 // uttAlatAlasaMdummilaMtaveyAlavihiyahalabolaM / kIlAvaNaM va vihiNA viNimmayaM jamanarindassa // 3 // -yahA~ vidyA sAdhaka baiThe hue haiM, pUjA-vAhaka upasthita haiM, yaha sthAna kApAlikoM se vyApta hai aura ulluoM ke bolane kA zabda yahA~ sunAI de rahA hai| aneka gIdar3a bhAga-daur3a rahe haiM, yoginiyA~ ekatrita haiM, yaha sthAna bhUtoM se bhISaNa hai, prANiyoM kA yahA~ vadha kiyA jA rahA hai| aneka duSTa jaMgalI pazuoM kA ghoSa sunAI par3a rahA hai, agni jala rahI hai, DAkiniyA~ idhara-udhara bhramaNa kara rahI haiM, pavitra mAMsa ve mAMga rahI haiN| aTTahAsa karane vAle rAkSasoM ke kAraNa yaha sthAna duSprekSya hai, vRkSoM para baiThe hue gIdhoM kA bhayAnaka zabda sunAI de rahA hai, vaitAlika U~cI tAla ullekha kiyA hai / dekhiye ke0 ke0 haNDI kA yazastilaka eNDa iNDiyana kalcara, pRSTha 359 aura usakA phuTanoTa /

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mahAvIracariya dekara kolAhala macA rahe haiM / mAlUma hotA hai brahmA ne yamarAja kA krIr3Asthala hI nirmANa kiyA hai| ___ isI prasaMga meM mahAkAla nAmake yogAcArya kA ullekha hai| tInoM lokoM ko vijaya karanevAle mantra kI sAdhana-vidhi kA pratipAdana karate hue usane kahA ki 108 pradhAna kSatriyoM kA vadha karake agni kA tarpaNa karanA cAhiye, dizAoM ke devatAoM ko bali pradAna karanA cAhiye aura nirantara mantra kA japa karate rahanA cAhiye / tatpazcAt kaliMga Adi dezoM meM jAkara kSatriyoM kA vadha kiyA gyaa| yuddhavarNana para dRSTipAta kIjiyekhaNu niThuramuhihiM uhiyaMti, khaNu pacchimabhAgamaNuvvayaMti | khaNu jaNagajaNaNi gAlIu deMti, khaNu niyasoMDIrammi kittayaMti // -(kabhI yoddhA gaNa ) kSaNabhara maiM apane niSThura mukke dikhAte haiM, kSaNabhara meM pIche kI ora ghUmakara A jAte haiM, kabhI mA~-bApa kI gAliyA~ dene lagate haiM, aura kabhI apanI zUravIratA kA bakhAna karane lagate haiN| Age calakara kAlamegha nAma ke mahAmalla kA varNana hai| ise mallayuddha meM koI nahIM jIta sakatA thaa| nagara ke rAjA ne ise vijayapatAkA samarpita kara sammAnita kiyA thaa| naravikramakumAra ne use mallayuddha meM parAjita kara zIlamatI ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| Age calakara naravikramakumAra zIlamatI aura apane putroM ko lekara nagara se bAhara calA jAtA hai aura kisI mAlI ke yahA~ puSpamAlAyeM becakara apanI AjIvikA calAtA hai| dehila nAma kA eka vyApArI chalapUrvaka zIlamatI ko apane jahAja meM baiThAkara use bhagA le jAtA hai / anta meM naravikramakumAra kA usake putroM aura palI se milana ho jAtA hai| naravikramakumAra jaina dIkSA dhAraNa kara mokSa prApta karate haiN|| nandana kA jIva devAnandA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM avatarita hotA hai| use kSatriyakuMDagrAma kI trizalA kSatriyANI ke garbha meM

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554 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa parivartita kara diyA jAtA hai| bAlaka kA nAma vardhamAna rakkhA jAtA hai / janma Adi utsava bar3I dhUma-dhAma se manAye jAte haiN| parAkramazIla hone ke kAraNa mahAvIra nAma se ve prakhyAta ho jAte haiM / bar3e hone para mahAvIra pAThazAlA meM adhyayana karane jAte haiM / basantapura nagara ke rAjA samaravIra kI kanyA yazodA se unakA vivAha ho jAtA hai| vivAhotsava bar3I dhUma se manAyA jAtA hai| mahAvIra ke priyadarzanA nAma kI eka kanyA paidA hotI hai| 28 veM varSa meM unake mAtA-pitA kA dehAnta ho jAtA hai| unake bar3e bhAI nandivardhana kA rAjyAbhiSeka hotA hai| apane bhAI kI anumatipUrvaka mahAvIra dIkSA grahaNa karate haiN| niSkramaNamahotsava dhUmadhAma se manAyA jAtA hai| pA~caveM prastAva meM zUlapANi aura caNDakauzika ke prabodha kA vRttAnta hai| mahAvIra ne kSatriyakuMDagrAma ke bAhara jJAtRkhaNDa nAmaka udyAna meM zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kI aura kummAragAma pahu~cakara ve dhyAnAvasthita ho gaye / soma brAhmaNa ko unhoMne apanA devadUSya vastra de diyA / kummAragAma meM gopa ne upasarga kiyaa| bhramaNa karate hue ve vardhamAnagrAma meM pahu~ce / vardhamAna kA dUsarA nAma asthiyAma thA / yahA~ zUlapANi yakSa ne upasarga kiyA ! kanakakhala Azrama meM pahu~cakara unhoMne caMDakauzika sarpa ko pratibodhita kiyaa| yahA~ gobhadra nAmaka eka daridra brAhmaNa kI kathA dI hai| dhana prApti ke liye gobhadra kI strI ne use vArANasI jAne ke lie anurodha kiyaa| usa samaya banArasa meM bahuta dara-dara se aneka rAjA-mahArAjA aura zreSThI Akara rahate the| koI paraloka sudhArane kI icchA se, koI yaza-kIrti kI kAmanA se, koI pApa-zamana kI icchA se aura koI pitaroM ke tarpaNa kI bhAvanA se yahA~ AtA thA / loga yahA~ mahA homa karate, piMDadAna dete aura suvarNadAna dvArA brAhmaNoM ko sammAnita karate the| gobhadra banArasa ke liye ravAnA ho gyaa| mArga meM use eka siddhapuruSa milA | donoM sAtha-sAtha cle| siddhapuruSa ne apane

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mahAvIracariya 555 mantra ke bala se bhojana aura zayyA Adi taiyAra karake gobhadra ko Azcaryacakita kara diyA / (isa prasaMga para suMdara ramaNiyoM aura joginiyoM se zobhita jAlandhara nagara kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|) yahA~ candralekhA aura candrakAntA nAma kI do joginI bahaneM rahA karatI thIM / kucha samaya pazcAt paradezI maThoM meM (videsiyamaThesu-videzI logoM ke Thaharane ke maTha) rAtri vyatIta kara donoM vArANasI pahu~ca gaye / vahA~ pahu~ca kara unhoMne skanda, mukuMda, rudra Adi devatAoM kI pUjA kii| donoM gaGgA ke taTa para Aye / siddhapuruSa ne divyarakSA-valaya ko gobhadra ko sauMpa kara snAna karane ke liye gaGgA meM praveza kiyA, aura vaha prANAyAma karane lagA / kucha dera ho jAne para jaba siddhapuruSa jala se bAhara nahIM nikalA to gobhadra ko bar3I cintA huii| vaha samajha nahIM sakA ki usakA sAthI kahIM laharoM meM chipA raha gayA hai, yA use magara-maccha nigala gaye haiM, yA phira vaha kahIM daladala meM pha~sa gayA hai / gobhadra ne gotAkhoroM se yaha bAta khii| unhoMne gaGgA meM gote lagAkara, apanI bhujAoM ko cAroM ora phailAkara siddhapuruSa kI khoja kI, lekina usakA kahIM patA na claa| apane sAthI ko gaGgA meM se vApisa na AtA dekhakara gobhadra gaGgA se prArthanA karatA huA vilApa karane lgaa| vahIM pAsa meM koI nAstikavAdI baiThA huA thaa| usane gobhadra ko samajhAte hue kahA ki kyA isa taraha vilApa karane se gaGgA maiyA tujhe tere sAthI ko vApisa de degI ? usane kahA ki isa gaGgA meM snAna karane vAle deza-deza ke kor3ha Adi rogoM se pIr3ita nara-nAriyoM ke sparza kA apavitra jala pravAhita hotA hai, aisI hAlata meM aneka mRtaka zarIra tathA haDDI Adi kA bhakSaNa karanevAlI kisI mahArAkSasI kI bhA~ti yaha gaGgA manoratha kI siddhi kaise kara sakatI hai ? tathA yadi gaGgA meM snAna karane se puNya milatA ho to phira matsya, kacchapa Adi jIva-jantu sabase adhika puNya ke bhAgI hone cAhiye / gobhadra brAhmaNa ekAdha-dina banArasa raha kara

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vahA~ se calA aayaa| vaha jAlaMdhara gayA aura vahA~ siddhapuruSa ko dekha Azcaryacakita ho gyaa| tatpazcAt gobhadra apane ghara vApisa lauttaa| lekina isa samaya usakI patnI mara cukI thii| usane dharmaghoSa muni ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| Age calakara gobhadra ne caNDakauzika sarpa kA janma dhAraNa kiyA / ___ mahAvIra ghUmate-ghAmate seyaviyA phuNce| vahA~ rAjA pradezI ne unakA satkAra kiyaa| yahA~ kaMbala-zaMbala nAma ke nAgakumAroM ke pUrvabhava kI kathA kA varNana hai| mathurA meM bhaMDIra yakSa kI yAtrA kA ullekha hai| chaThe prastAva meM gozAla kI durvinItatA kA vRttAMta hai| rAjagRha ke samIpa nAlaMdA nAmaka saMniveza meM mahAvIra aura gozAla kA milApa huA thA | uttarApatha meM silindhra nAmaka saMniveza meM kezava nAma kA eka grAmarakSaka rahatA thaa| usakI bhAryA se maMkha kA janma huaa| vaha citrapaTa lekara gA~va-gA~va meM ghUmA karatA thaa| eka bAra vaha ghUmatA huA caMpA nagarI meM phuNcaa| vahA~ maMkhalI nAma kA eka gRhapati rahatA thaa| usakI strI kA nAma subhadrA thA / maMkhalI maMkha ke pAsa rahakara usakI sevA karane lagA aura gAyana Adi vidyAoM meM vaha pAraMgata ho gayA / tatpazcAt vaha citrapaTa lekara apanI patnI ke sAtha vahA~ se calA gyaa| saravaNa saMniveza meM pahu~ca kara kisI gozAlA meM subhadrA ne gozAla ko janma diyaa| gozAla bar3A hokara apane mAtApitA se lar3akara alaga rahane lagA / yahI maMkhaliputra gozAla nAma se prasiddha huA | kAlAMtara meM usane mahAvIra se dIkSA grahaNa kI aura guru-ziSya donoM sAtha-sAtha rahane lge| ___ mahAvIra kI caryA ke prasaMga meM vibhelaka nAmaka yakSa ke pUrvabhavoM ke vRttAnta kA kathana hai| isa prasaMga meM zUrasena aura ratnAvalI ke vivAha kA vistRta varNana hai| madya, mAMsa aura rAtribhojana ke niSedha kA varNana hai| kaTapUtanA ke upasarga kA kathana hai| lAdeza ke antargata vanabhUmi nAmaka anArya dezoM meM mahAvIra ne

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mahAvIracariya 557 gozAla ke sAtha bhramaNa kiyaa| vaizyAyana ke prasaMga meM vezyAoM dvArA gaNikAoM kI vidyAoM ke sikhAye jAne kA ullekha hai| gozAla ko tejolezyA kI prApti huii| __sAtaveM prastAva meM mahAvIra ke pariSaha-sahana aura kevalajJAnaprApti kA varNana hai| unake vaizAlI pahu~cane para zaMkha ne unakA Adara-satkAra kiyaa| gaMDakI nadI pAra karate samaya nAvika ne upasarga kiyA / vANijyagrAma meM Ananda gRhapati ne AhAra diyaa| dRr3habhUmi meM saMgama ne upasarga kiye| usake bAda mahAvIra ne AlabhikA, seyaviyA, zrAvastI, kauzAMbI, vArANasI, aura mithilA meM vihAra kiyA | kauzAMbI meM candanA dvArA kulmASa kA dAna grahaNa kara unakA abhigraha pUrNa huaa| unake kAnoM meM kIleM Thoka dI gii| madhyama pAvA pahu~cakara mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| AThaveM prastAva meM mahAvIra ke nirvANalAbha kA kathana hai / madhyama pAvA ke mahAsenavana udyAna meM samavazaraNa kI racanA kI gii| bhagavAna kA upadeza huaa| 11 gaNadharoM ne pratibodha prApta kara dIkSA grahaNa kii| yahA~ candanabAlA kI dIkSA, caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA, RSabhatta aura devAnandA kI dIkSA, kSatriyakuMDa meM samavazaraNa, mahAvIra ke dAmAda jamAli kA mAtA-pitA kI AjJA se dIkSAgrahaNa, jamAli kA nihnava, priyadarzanA kA bodha, surapriya yakSa kA mahotsava, rAjA zatAnIka kA maraNa, rAnI mRgAvatI kI dIkSA, zrAvastI meM gozAla kA Agamana, usakA jinatva kA apalApa, tejolezyA kA chor3anA, gozAla kI mRtyu, siMha dvArA lAI huI auSadhi se mahAvIra kA ArogyalAbha, gozAla ke pUrvabhava, rAjagRha meM mahAvIra kA zreNika Adi ko dharmopadeza, meghakumAra kI dIkSA, naMdiSeNa kI dIkSA, prasannacandra kA pratibodha, 12 vratoM kI kathAyeM, gAgali kI pravrajyA, mahAvIra kA mithilA meM gamana, aura unake nirvANotsava kA varNana hai|

Page #567
558 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa supAsanAhacariya ( supArzvanAthacarita ) supArzvanAthacarita prAkRta padya kI racanA hai jisameM sAtaveM tIrthakara supArzvanAtha kA carita likhA gayA hai / supArzvanAtha kA carita to yahA~ saMkSepa meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai, adhikAMza bhAga meM unake upadeza kI hI pradhAnatA hai| zrAvakoM ke bAraha bratoM ke aticArasaMbaMdhI yahA~ aneka laukika abhinava kathAyeM dI huI haiM / ina kathAoM meM kahIM buddhi-mAhAtmya, kahIM kalA-kauzala Adi kI mukhyatA kA sarala aura prabhAvotpAdaka zailI meM digdarzana karAte hue laukika AcAra-vyavahAra, sAmAjika rIti-rivAja, rAjakIya paristhiti aura naitika jIvana Adi kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| supArzvanAthacarita ke kartA lakSmaNagaNi zrIcandrasUri ke gurubhAI aura hemacandrasUri ke ziSya the| unhoMne vikrama saMvat 1166 (IsavI san 1142) meM rAjA kumArapAla ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke varSa meM isa graMtha kI racanA kii| lekhaka ne Arambha meM haribhadrasUri Adi AcAryoM kA bar3e AdarapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai| bIca-bIca meM saMskRta aura apabhraMza kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai; aneka subhASita isa racanA meM saMgrahIta haiN| pUrvabhava prastAva meM supArzvanAtha ke pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha hai| kuloM meM zrAvaka kA kula, pravacanoM meM nirgrantha pravacana, dAnoM meM abhayadAna aura maraNoM meM samAdhimaraNa ko zreSTha batAyA hai / dharmapAlana ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai jAva na jarakaDapUyaNi savvaMgayaM gasai, jAva na royabhuyaMgu uggu nidau Dasai / tAva dhammi maNu dijau kijau appahiu, aja ki kalli payANau jiu niccappahiu / -jaba taka jarArUpI pUtanA samasta aMga ko na Dasa le, ugra aura nirdaya rogarUpI sarpa na kATa le, usase pahale hI dharma meM citta dekara Atmahita kro| he jIva, Aja yA kala nizcaya hI prayANa karanA hai|

Page #568
supAsanAhacariya 559 dUsare prastAva meM tIrthakara ke janma aura niSkramaNa kA varNana karate hue devoM dvArA meruparvata ke Upara janmAbhiSeka kA sarasa varNana hai| kevalajJAna nAma ke tIsare prastAva meM lakuTa Asana, garuDa Asana tathA chaTTa, aTThama Adi ugra tapoM kA ullekha karate hue tIrthaMkara ko kevalajJAna kI prApti batAI hai| isake pazcAt bhagavAn 'dharma kA upadeza dete haiN| isa bhAga meM aneka kathAoM kA varNana hai| samyaktva-prazaMsA meM campakamAlA kA udAharaNa hai| campakamAlA cUDAmaNizAstra kI paNDitA thI aura isa zAstra kI sahAyatA se vaha yaha jAnatI thI ki usakA kauna pati hogA tathA usake kitanI saMtAna hoMgI| putrotpatti ke liye kAlI devI kI tarpaNA kI jAtI thii| putroM ko abrahma kA hetu pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai yadi putroM ke hone se svarga kI prApti hotI ho to bakarI, sUarI, kutiyA, zakuni aura kachavI ko saba se pahale svarga milanA cAhiye / zAsanadevI kA yahA~ ullekha hai / arthazAstra meM artha, kAma aura dharma nAmaka tIna puruSArthoM ko batAyA hai / samyaktva ke AThoM aMgoM ko samajhAne ke liye ATha udAharaNa diye haiN| bhakkhara dvija kI kathA meM vidyA ke dvArA AkAza meM gamana, dhana-kanaka kI prApti, icchAnusAra rUpaparivartana aura lAbhAdi kA parijJAna batAyA hai| kRSNa caturdazI ke dina rAtri ke samaya zmazAna meM baiThakara vidyA kI siddhi batAI hai| brahmacarya pAlanevAle ko brAhmaNa, tathA strIsaMga meM lIna puruSa ko zUdra kahA gayA hai| bhImakumAra kI kathA meM naramuMDa kI mAlA dhAraNa kiye hue kApAlika kA varNana hai| kumAra ne usake sAtha rAtri ke samaya zmazAna meM pahu~ca kara maMDala Adi likhakara aura maMtradevatA kI pUjA karake vidyAsiddhi karanA AraMbha kiyaa| naramuMDoM se maMDita kAlI kA yahA~ varNana hai| vijayacaMda kI kathA meM zAzvata sukha pradAna karanevAle jainadharma kA apabhraMza meM varNana hai| para pIDA na dene ko hI saccA dharma kahA haiehu dhanmu paramatthu kahijjai, taM parapIDi hoi taM na kijai /

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560 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jo parapIDa karai nicciMtau, so bhavi bhamai dukkhasaMtattau / __-dUsare ko pIr3A nahIM pahu~cAnA hI dharma kA parama artha hai / jo dUsaroM ko nizciMta hokara pIr3A detA hai, vaha dukhoM se saMtapta hokara paribhramaNa karatA hai| ___yahA~ gAruDamaMtra aura avasvApinI vidyA kA ullekha hai| sirivacchakahA meM vidyAmaTha kA ullekha hai| varSARtu kA varNana hai| usa samaya hAlika apane khetoM meM hala jotate haiM; dA~ta pIsa kara aura pUMcha maror3a kara ve baila hA~kate haiM / sIhakathA meM mastaka para vicitra raMga kI TopI lagAye eka yogI kA ullekha hai / raktacaMdana kA usane tilaka lagAyA thA aura vaha mRgacarma dhAraNa kiye hue thA, vaha huMkAra chor3a rahA thaa|' kamalasiTThIkahA meM AmoM kI gAr3I kA ullekha hai / pArasadeza se tote ma~gAye jAte the| baMdhudatta kI kathA meM jala kI eka bUMda meM itane jIva batAye haiM jo samasta jaMbUdvIpa meM bhI na samA skeN| mitra aura amitra kA lakSaNa dekhiye bhavagiha majjhammi pamAyajalaNajaliyammi mohanidAe / jo jaggavai sa mittaM vAraMto so puNa amittaM // -saMsArarUpI ghara ke pramAdarUpI agni se jalane para moharUpI nidrA meM sote hue puruSa ko jo jagAtA hai vaha mitra hai, aura jo use jagAne se rokatA hai vaha amitra hai| devadattakathA meM bhUtabali aura zAsanadevI kA ullekha hai| vIrakumArakathA meM baMgAladeza kA ullekha hai| duggakathA meM tripurA vidyAdevI ke prasAdhana ke liye kanera ke phUla aura gUgala Adi lekara malaya parvata para jAne kA kathana hai| dullahakathA meM iMdramaha, skaMdamaha aura nAgamaha kI carcA hai| dattakathA meM rAtribhojanatyAga kA pratipAdana hai| rAtribhojana-tyAga karanevAlA vyakti 1. nepAla ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM kanaTopa Adi dhAraNa kiye hue jAlaMdhara kI eka mUrti hai, isa varNana se usakI samAnatA hai|

Page #570
sudaMsaNAcariya sau varSa jItA hai aura use pacAsa varSa upavAsa karane kA phala hotA hai | avaMtI nagarI meM yoginI ke prathama pITha kA ullekha hai jahA~ siddhanarendra vAsa karatA thA | dina ke samaya vaha pramadAoM aura rAtri ke samaya yoginiyoM ke sAtha krIr3A kiyA karatA thaa| eka dina usane zmazAna meM pahu~cakara bhUta, pizAca, rAkSasa, yakSa aura yoginiyoM kA AhvAna kiyaa| asiyakSa nAma kA eka yakSa usake sAmane upasthita huaa| dIpaka ke udyota meM modaka Adi acchI taraha dekhakara khAne meM kyA doSa hai ? isakA uttara diyA gayA hai| sIhakathA meM kapardika yakSa kA ullekha hai| bhogoM ke atireka meM maladeva kI aura sallekhanA kA pratipAdana karane ke liye malayacandra kI kathA varNita hai / anta meM supArzvanAtha ke nirvANagamana kA varNana hai / sudaMsaNAcariya ( sudarzanAcarita ) sudaMsaNAcariya meM zakunikAvihAra nAmaka munisuvratanAtha ke jinAlaya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha suMdara racanA prAkRta padya meM hai| saMskRta aura apabhraMza kA bhI isameM prayoga hai| graMtha ke kartA jagaJcandrasUri ke ziSya devendrasUri ( san 1270 meM svargastha ) haiM / gurjara rAjA kI anumatipUrvaka vastupAla maMtrI ke samakSa arbudagiri (AbU) para inheM sUripada pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| isa carita meM dhanapAla, sudarzanA, vijayakumAra, zIlavatI, azvAvabodha, bhrAtA, dhAtrIsuta aura dhAtrI nAma ke ATha adhikAra haiM jo 16 uddezoM meM vibhakta haiN| saba milAkara cAra hajAra se adhika gAthAyeM haiN| racanA praur3ha hai, zArdUlavikrIDita Adi chaMdoM kA prayoga huA hai| tatkAlIna sAmAjika paristhiti para kAphI prakAza par3atA hai| 1. Atmavallabha graMtha sIrIz2a meM valAda (ahamadAbAda) se san 1932 meM prakAzita / muni puNyavijayajI ke kathanAnusAra devendrasUri ne anya kisI prAcIna sudaMsaNAcariya ke AdhAra se isa graMtha kI racanA kI hai| 36 prA0 sA0

Page #571
562 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prathama uddeza meM zreSThIputra dhanapAla kI kathA ke prasaMga meM dharmakathA kA varNana hai| yahA~ para rAtri, strI, bhakta aura janapada kathA kA tyAga karake dharmakathA kA zravaNa hitakArI batAyA hai| dUsare uddeza meM sudarzanA ke janma kA varNana hai / sudarzanA bar3I hokara upAdhyAyazAlA meM jAkara lipi, gaNita Adi kalAoM kA adhyayana karatI hai| tIsare uddeza meM sudarzanA kI kalAoM kI parIkSA lI jAtI hai | use jAtismaraNa ho AtA hai| bharuyakaccha (bhar3auca) kA RSabhadatta nAma kA eka seTha rAjA ke pAsa bheMTa lekara rAjasabhA meM upasthita hotA hai| rAjA ke prazna karane para vaha pArasa se lAye hue teja daur3anevAle tukkhAra nAma ke ghor3oM kI prazaMsA karate hue ghor3oM ke lakSaNa kahatA hai jinake mukha mAMsarahita hoM, jinakI naseM dikhAI detI hoM; vizAla vakSasthalavAle, parimita udaravAle, caur3e mastakavAle, choTe kAnavAle, jinake kAnoM kA aMtara saMkIrNa hai, pRSThabhAga meM pRthu, pazcima pArzva meM moTe, pasaliyoM se durbala, snigdha romavAle, moTe kaMdhevAle, ghane bAloMvAle, supramANa pU~chavAle, gola khuravAle, pavana ke samAna daur3anevAle, lAla A~khoMvAle, darpayukta, suprazasta grIvAvAle, dakSiNa AvarttavAle, zatru kA parAbhava karanevAle, tathA svAmI ko jaya prApta karAnevAle ghor3e zubha kahe jAte haiM / isI prakAra azubha ghor3oM ke bhI lakSaNa batAye haiN| sudarzanA ke pitA apanI kanyA kI parIkSA karane ke liye usase nimnalikhita pahelI kA uttara mA~gate haiM kaH kramate gaganatalaM ? kiM kSINaM vRddhimeti ca nitAMtam ? ko vA dehamatIva, strIpuMsAM rAgiNAM dahati ? -1 gaganatala meM kauna ur3atA hai ? 2 kauna vastu nitAnta kSINa hotI hai aura vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai ? 3 rAgayukta strI-purupoM ke zarIra ko kauna adhika dagdha karatA hai ? ___ sudarzanA kA uttara-viraha (1 viHpakSI, 2 aha = dina, 3 virh)|

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sudaMsaNAcariya 563 jJAtvA kathitaM ca tayA gagane viryAti tAta ! vikhyaatH| ahareti vRddhimanizaM, priyarahitaM dahati virahazca / / -1 gagana meM pakSI ur3atA hai, 2 dina nirantara vRddhi aura kSaya ko prApta hotA hai, aura 3 priyarahita viraha strI-puruSoM ko dagdha karatA hai| isake bAda sudarzanA ne rAjA se prazna kiyAbodhyo devavaraH kathaM bahuSu vai ? kaH pratyayaH karmaNAM ? saMbodhyastu kathaM sadA suraripuH kiM zlAdhyate bhUbhRtAm ? kiM tvanyAyavatAmaho kSitibhRtAM lokaiH sadA nindyate ? vyastanyastasamastakaMcanatataH zIghraM viditvocyatAm / -1 bahuta se devoM meM zreSThatara deva ko kaise samajhA jAye ? 2 kamoM kA kauna sA pratyaya hai ? 3 devatAoM ke zatru ko kisa prakAra sambodhita kiyA jAye ? 4 rAjAoM kI kisa bAta se prazaMsA hotI hai ? 5 kintu Azcarya hai ki anyAyayukta rAjAoM kI loka meM sadA nindA hotI hai-soca samajha kara zIghra hI isakA uttara do| ___ rAjA ne jaba uttara dene meM asamarthatA prakaTa kI to sudarzanA ne uttara diyA-ayazaH (1 ay = deva, 2 zas , 3 he a = kRSNa, 4 yaza, 5 aysh)| dharmAdharmavicAra nAma ke cauthe uddeza meM rAjasabhA meM jJAnanidhi nAma kA eka purohita AtA hai| vaha brAhmaNa dharma kA upadeza detA hai, lekina sudarzanA usake upadeza kA khaNDana karake muni dharma kA pratipAdana karatI hai / pA~caveM uddeza meM zIlamatI kA vijayakumAra ke sAtha vivAha hotA hai| zIlamatI kA haraNa kara liyA jAtA hai, isa para vijayakumAra aura vidyAdhara meM yuddha hotA hai / chaThe uddeza meM dharmayaza nAma ke cAraNa zramaNa ke dharmopadeza kA varNana hai / sAtaveM uddeza meM sudarzanA apane mAtA-pitA Adi ke sAtha siMhaladvIpa se bharuyakaccha ke liye prasthAna

Page #573
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa karatI hai / saba loga bandaragAha para pahu~cate haiM / yahA~ se sudarzanA zIlamatI ke sAtha jahAja meM baiThakara Age jAtI hai| isa prasaMga para bohittha, kharakulliya, bedulla, Avatta (gola nAva), khurappa Adi pravahaNoM ke nAmollekha haiM jina para nettapaTTa, siyavattha, dochaDiya, paTTa, mRganAbhi, mRganetra (gorocana) karpUra, cINa, paTuMsuya, kuMkuma, kAlAguru, padmasAra, rana, dhRta, tela, zasya, vasti (mazaka), IMdhana, elA, kaMkola, tamAlapatra poSphala ( pUgIphala = supArI), nAriyala, khajUra, drAkSA, jAtIphala (jAyaphala ), nArAca, kuMta, mudgara, savvala (barachI), tUNA, khurappa, khaDga, jaMpANa, sukhAsana, khaTTa, tUli, cAurI, masUrikA, guDura (DorA), gulaNiya, paTamaMDapa, tathA aneka prakAra ke kanaka, ratna, aMzuka Adi lAda diye gye| AThavA~ uddeza anya uddezoM kI apekSA bar3A hai / isameM vimalagiri kA varNana, mahAmuni kA upadeza, vijayakumAra kA zIlamatI ke sAtha pariNayana, vijayakumAra kI dIkSA, dharmopadeza, vizuddhadAna ke saMbaMdha meM vIrabhadra zreSThI kA aura zIla ke saMbaMdha meM kalAvatI kA udAharaNa, bhAvanAdharma ke nirUpaNa meM naravikrama kA dRSTAMta Adi varNita haiM / mahilAoM ke kusaMga se dUra rahane kA yahA~ upadeza hai| putrI ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai niyagharasosA paragehamaMDaNI kulaharaM kalaMkANaM / dhUyA jehi na jAyA jayammi te sutthiyA purisA / / -apane ghara kA zoSaNa karanevAlI, dUsare ke ghara ko maMDita karanevAlI, pitRghara kI kalaMkarUpa, jisake putrI paidA nahIM huI ve puruSa sukhI haiN| kanyA ke yogya vara kI prApti ke saMbaMdha meM ukti haisA bhaNai jaM na labbhai varo'NurUvo tao vareNA'laM / varamuvvasA vi sAlA, takkarabhariyA na u kayA vi|| -yadi yogya vara nahIM milatA to phira vara-prApti se hI kyA lAbha ? coroM se bharI huI zAlA kI apekSA ujAr3azAlA bhalI hai|

Page #574
sudasaNAcariya 565 tIna viDambanAyeMtakkavihUNo vijo lakkhaNahINo ya paMDio loe / bhAvavihUNo dhammo tiNNi vi garAI viDambaNayA // -tarka vihIna vaidya, lakSaNavihIna paMDita aura bhAvavihIna dharma ye tIna mahAn viDambanAyeM samajhanI caahiye| yahA~ para siMhaladvIpa meM buddhadarzana ke pracAra kA ullekha hai| ghora ziva mahAvratI zrIparvata se AyA thA aura uttarApatha meM. jAlandhara jAne ke liye udyata thA; stambhana Adi vidyAoM meM vaha niSNAta thA / rAjA ko usane putrotpatti kA maMtra diyaa| nauveM uddeza meM muni ke darzana se sudarzanA ke mana meM vairAgya bhAvanA udita hone kA varNana hai| dasaveM uddeza meM navakAramantra kA prabhAva, zreyAMsakumAra kI kathA, marudevI ke garbha meM RSabhadeva kA avataraNa, RSabhadeva kA caritra, bharata ko kevalajJAna kI utpatti, narasundara rAjA kI kathA, mahAbala rAjA kA dRSTAMta, jIrNa vRSabha kI kathA Adi ullikhita haiN| rAtribhojana-tyAga kA mahAtmya batAyA hai / gyArahaveM uddeza meM bhRgukaccha ke azvAvavodha tIrtha kA varNana hai / azva ko bodha dene ke liye munisuvratanAtha bhagavAn kA vahA~ Agamana hotA hai aura azva ko jAtismaraNa utpanna hotA hai| bArahaveM uddeza meM sudarzanA ke AdezAnusAra munisuvratanAtha bhagavAna kA prAsAda nirmita kiye jAne kA varNana hai| jinabimba kI pratiSThAvidhi sampanna hotI hai| narmadA ke kinAre zakunikAvihAra nAmaka jinAlaya ke pUrNa hone para usakI prazasti Adi kI vidhi kI jAtI hai / terahaveM uddeza meM zIlavatI ke sAtha sudarzanA dvArA ratnAvalI Adi vividha prakAra ke tapazcaraNa karane Adi kA varNana hai| caudahaveM uddeza meM zatrujaya tIrtha para mahAvIra ke Agamana aura unake dharmopadeza kA varNana hai / pandrahaveM uddeza meM mahAsena rAjA ke dIkSA grahaNa kA ullekha hai| solahaveM uddeza meM dhanapAla saMgha ko sAtha lekara raivatagiri kI yAtrA karatA hai| yahA~ ujjayanta parvata para neminAtha ke jinabhavana kA varNana

Page #575
566 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa hai | dhanapAla ne pahale saMskRta gadya-padya phira prAkRta padya meM neminAtha kI stuti kI / yAtrA se lauTa kara dhanapAla ne tIrthodyApana kiyA aura gRhastha dharma kA pAlana karate hue vaha samaya yApana karane lgaa| jayantIprakaraNa jayantIprakaraNa ko jayantIcarita nAma se bhI kahA jAtA hai|' bhagavatIsUtra ke 12 veM zataka ke dvitIya uddezaka ke AdhAra se mAnatuMgasUri ne jayantIprakaraNa kI racanA kI hai jisa para unake ziSya malayaprabhasUri ne sarasa vRtti likhI hai| isa TIkA meM saMskRta gadya-padya kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| malaprabhasUri vikrama samvat 1260 (san 1203) meM vidyamAna the| mahAsatI jayantI kauzAmbI ke rAjA sahasrAnIka kI putrI, zatAnIka kI bhaginI aura usake putra rAjA udayana kI phUphI thii| mahAvIra ke zAsanakAla meM vaha nirgrantha sAdhuoM ko vasati dene ke kAraNa prathama zayyAtarI ke rUpa meM prasiddha huii| jayantI ne mahAvIra bhagavAna se jIva aura karmaviSayaka aneka prazna puuche|| isa meM kula milAkara kevala 28 gAthAyeM haiM, lekina inake Upara likhI huI vizada vRtti meM aneka AkhyAna saMgrahIta haiN| Arambha meM kauzambI nagarI, zatAnIka rAjA aura usakI mRgAvatI rAnI kA varNana hai / ujjainI kA rAjA pradyota mRgAvatI ko prApta karanA cAhatA thA, isa para donoM rAjAoM meM yuddha huaa| anta meM mRgAvatI ne mahAvIra ke samakSa upasthita hokara zramaNI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| rAjA pradyota ko mahAvIra ne paradArA-varjana kA upadeza diyaa| abhayadAna meM meghakumAra kI kathA hai| meghakumAra kA ATha kanyAoM se vivAha hotA hai; vivAha sAmagrI kA yahA~ varNana kiyA 1. panyAsa zrImaNivijaya jI gaNivara pranthamAlA meM vi0 saM0 2006 meM prkaashit|

Page #576
kaNhacariya hai| anta meM meghakumAra dIkSA le lete haiN| supAtradAna meM vIrabhadra aura karuNAdAna meM rAjA samprati kI kathA dI hai| zIla meM sudarzana kA dRSTAnta hai / tapa ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| RSabhadeva ke carita meM bharata aura bAhubali kA AkhyAna hai| aThAraha pApasthAnoM kI udAharaNapUrvaka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| phira bhavyaabhavya ke sambandha meM carcA hai| anta meM jayantI mahAvIra bhagavAna ke samIpa dIkSA grahaNa karatI hai aura cAritra kA pAlana kara mokSa prApta karatI hai| kaNhacariya ( kRSNacarita) rAmacarita kI bhA~ti kRSNa ke bhI aneka carita prAkRta meM likhe gaye haiN| isa ke kartA sudasaNAcariya ke racayitA tapA. gacchIya devendrasUri haiN|' yaha carita zrAddhadinakRtya kI vRtti meM se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, jisameM neminAtha kA carita bhI antarbhUta hai| __prastuta carita meM vasudeva ke pUrvabhava, kaMsa kA janma, vasudeva kA bhramaNa, aneka rAjyoM se kanyAoM kA grahaNa, cArudatta kA vRttAnta, rohiNI kA pariNayana, kRSNa aura baladeva ke pUrvabhava, nArada kA vRttAnta, devakI kA grahaNa, kRSNa kA janma, neminAtha kA pUrvabhava, nemi kA janma-mahotsava, kaMsa kA badha, dvArikA nagarI kA nirmANa, kRSNa kI agra mahiSiyA~, pradyumna kA janma, pANDavoM kI paramparA, draupadI ke pUrvabhava, jarAsaMdha ke sAtha yuddha, kRSNa kI vijaya, rAjImatI kA janma, neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke vivAha kI carcA, neminAtha kA vivAha kiye binA hI mArga se lauTa AnA, unakI dIkSA, dharmopadeza, draupadI kA haraNa, gajasukumAla kA vRttAnta, yAdavoM kI dIkSA, DhaMDhaNaRpi kI kathA, rathanemi aura rAjImatI kA saMvAda, thAvaccAputra kA vRttAMta, zailaka kI kathA, dvIpAyana dvArA dvArikA kA dahana, rAma aura kRSNa kA nirgamana, 1. kezarImala jI saMsthA, ratalAma dvArA san 1930 meM prakAzita /

Page #577
568 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kRSNa kI mRtyu, valadeva kA vilApa, dIkSA grahaNa, pANDavoM kI dIkSA aura neminAtha ke nirvANa kA varNana hai| kRSNa mara kara tIsare naraka meM gaye, Age calakara ve amama nAma ke tIrthakara hoNge| baladeva unake tIrtha meM siddhi prApta kreNge| kummAputtacariya ( kUrmAputracarita) kUrmAputracarita meM kUrmAputra kI kathA hai, jo 198 prAkRta padyoM meM likhI gaI hai|' isa grantha ke kartA jinamANikya athavA unake ziSya anantahaMsa mAne jAte haiN| grantha kI racanA kA samaya san 1513 hai / sambhavataH isakI racanA uttara gujarAta meM huI hai | kummAputtacariya kI bhASA sarala hai, alaMkAra Adi kA prayoga yahA~ nahIM hai / vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM kA dhyAna rakkhA gayA hai| kummAputta kI kathA meM bhAvazuddhi kA varNana hai / dAna, zIla, rUpa Adi kI mahimA batAI gaI hai / anta meM gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue bhI kummAputta ko kevalajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| prasaMgavaza manuSyajanma kI durlabhatA, ahiMsA kI mukhyatA, kamoM kA kSaya, pramAda kA tyAga Adi viSayoM kA yahA~prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| anya carita-grantha isake atiriktaabhayadevasUri ke ziSya candraprabhamahattara ne saMvat 117 (san 1070 ) meM devAvaDa nagara meM varadeva ke anurodha para vijaya candakevalIcariya kI racanA kii| isameM dhUpapUjA, akSatapUjA, puSpapUjA, dvIpapUjA, naivedyapUjA Adi ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| abhayadevasUri ke ziSya vardhamAnasUri ne san 1883 meM 15,000 gAthApramANa manoramAcariya aura 11,000 zlokapramANa AdinAhacariya kI racanA kii| apabhraMza kI gAthAyeM bhI isa 1. pro0 abhyaMkara dvArA sampAdita san 1933 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita /

Page #578
anya carita-graMtha racanA meM pAI jAtI haiM / isa samaya suprasiddha hemacandra AcArya ke guru devacandra sUri ne lagabhaga 12,000 zlokapramANa saMtinAhacariya kI racanA kI / phira nemicandrasUri ke ziSya zAMtisUri ne apane ziSya municandra ke anurodha para san 1104 meM puhvIcandacariya likhA / maladhArI hemacandra ne neminAhacariya, aura unake ziSya zrIcandra ne san 1135 meM muNisuvvayasAmicariya kI racanA kii| devendrasUri ke ziSya zrIcandrasUri ne san 1157 meM saNaMkumAracariya kI racanA kii| zrIcandrasUri ke ziSya vATagacchIya haribhadra ne siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke mahAmAtya pRthvIpAla ke anurodha para caubIsa tIrthakaroM kA jIvanacarita likhaa| inameM candappahacariya, mallinAhacariya aura neminAhacariya 'upalabdha haiN| mallinAhacariya prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai, isameM tIna prastAva haiN| kumArapAlapratibodha ke kartA somaprabhasUri ne 6000 gAthAoM meM sumatinAhacariya, aura san 1353 meM munibhadra ne saMtinAhacariya kI racanA kii| nemicandrasUri ne bhavyajanoM ke lAbhArtha anantanAhacariya likhA jisameM pUjASTaka' uddhRta kiyA hai| yahA~ kusumapUjA Adi ke udAharaNa dete hue jinapUjA ko pApaharaNa karanevAlI, kalyANa kA bhaMDAra aura daridratA ko dUra karanevAlI batAyA hai| dAridraya ke saMbaMdha meM ukti hai he dAridraya ! namastubhyaM siddho'haM tvatpramAdanaH / jagatpazyAmi yenAhaM na mAM pazyani kaJcana / / -he dAridraya ! tujhe namaskAra ho / terI pA se maiM siddha bana gayA hUM, jisase maiM jagata ko dekhatA hUM aura mujhe koI nahIM dekhtaa| 1. Rpabhadeva kezarImala zvetAMbara jaina saMsthA kI aura meM man 1939 meM ratalAma meM prakAzita /

Page #579
570 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pUjAprakAza' saMghAcArabhASya, zrAddhadinakRtya Adi se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| prAkRta ke atirikta saMskRta aura apabhraMza meM bhI caritagranthoM kI racanA huI, aura Age calakara paMpa, ranna aura hona ne kanADI bhASA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke carita likhe / stuti-stotra sAhitya carita-pranthoM ke sAtha-sAtha aneka stuti-stotra bhI prAkRta meM likhe gye| inameM dhanapAla kA RSabhapaMcAzikA aura vIrathui, naMdiSeNa kA ajiyasaMtithava, dharmavadhana kA pAsajinathava, jinapadmakA saMtinAthava, jinaprabhasUri kA pAsanAhalahuthavA tathA bhadra 1. zrutajJAna amIdhArA sIrIz2a meM zAha rAyacaMda gulAbacanda kI ora se san 1940 meM prakAzita / / 2. DA0 e0 ema0 ghATage ne anailpa Apha bhAMDArakara oriTiela iMsTiTyUTa, bhAga 16, 1934-5 meM 'naraiTiva liTarecara ina mahArASTrI' nAmaka lekha meM carita-granthoM kA itihAsa diyA hai| 3.-4. jarmana prAcya vidyAsamiti kI patrikA ke 33ve khaMDa meM prakAzita / phira san 1890 meM bambaI se prakAzita kAvyamAlA ke 7veM bhAga meM prakAzita / sAvacUrNi RSabhapaMcAzikA ke sAtha vIrathuI deva. candalAla bhAI pustakoddhAra granthamAlA kI ora se san 1933 meM baMbaI se prakAzita huI hai| 5. muni vIravijaya dvArA saMpAdita ahamadAbAda se vi0 saM0 1992 meM prakAzita / jinaprabhasUri ne 1365 meM isa para TIkA likhI hai| yaha stavana upasarga-nivAraka mAnA gayA hai, jo isakA pATha karatA hai aura ise zravaNa karatA hai use koI roga nahIM hotaa| laghubhajitasaMtithava ke kartA jinavallabhasUri haiN| isameM 17 gAthAyeM haiM jina para dharmatilaka muni ne ullAsikrama nAma kI vyAkhyA likhI hai|

Page #580
stuti-stotra sAhitya 571 bAhusvAmI kA uvasaggahara,' mAnatuMga kA bhayahara, kamalaprabhAcArya kA pArzvaprabhujinastavana, pUrNakalazagaNi kA staMbhanapArzvajinastavana, abhayadevasUri kA jayatihuyaNa, dharmaghoSasUri kA isimaMDalathotta, nanasUri kA sattarisayathotta, mahAvIrathava Adi mukhya haiM / isake sivAya, jinacandrasUri ke namukkAraphalapagaraNa, mAnatuMgasUri ke paMcanamaskArastavana, paMcanamaskAraphala, tathA jinakIrtisUri ke parameSThinamaskArastava (maMtrarAjaguNakalpamaho 1. saptasmaraNa ke sAtha jinaprabhasUri, siddhacandragaNi aura harSakIrtisUri kI vyAkhyAoM sahita devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra granthamAlA kI ora se san 1933 meM baMbaI se prakAzita / 2. prAcIna sAhitya uddhAra granthAvali kI ora se san 1936 meM prakAzita jainastotrasaMdoha meM saMgrahIta / tuhu guru, khemaMkaru / / 3. san 1916 meM baMbaI se prakAzita / upAdhyAya samayasundara ne isa para vivaraNa likhA hai| namUnA dekhiye tuhu sAmiu, tuhu mAyabappu tuhu mitta, piyaMkaru / tuhu gai, tuhu maha, tuhu ji tANu / tuhu guru, khemaMkaru / huuM duhabharabhAriu varAu, rAula nibbhaggaha lINau / tuhu kamakamalasaraNu jiNa, pAlahi caMgaha // -tuma svAmI ho, tuma mA~-bApa ho, mitra ho, priya ho| tuma gati ho, trAtA ho, guru ho, kSemakara ho / maiM raMka dukha ke bhAra se davA huA hU~, abhAgoM kA rAjA huuN| he jina ! tumhAre caraNakamala hI merI zaraNa haiM, tuma merA bhalI prakAra pAlana kro| 4. yazovijaya mahArAja dvArA saMpAdita vi0 saM0 2012 meM bar3audA se prakAzita / isa para zubhavardhana, harSanandana, bhuvanatuMga, padmamaMdira Adi acAryoM ne vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| 5. AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se vi0 saM0 1970 meM prakAzita / samayasundaragaNi kI isa para svopajJa avacUri hai|

Page #581
572 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dadhi ) meM namaskAramaMtra kA stavana kiyA gayA hai / devendrasUri kA cattAriaTThadasathava, samyaktvasvarUpastava, gaNadharastavana, caturviMzatijinastavana, jinarAjastava, tIrthamAlAstava, nemicaritrastava, parameSThistava, puMDarIkastava, vIracaritrastava, vIrastavana, zAzvatajinastava, saptazatijinastotra aura siddhacakrastavana Adi stotra-pranthoM kI prAkRta meM racanA kI gaI hai| - - 1. ye saba laghu graMtha siMghI jainagranthamAlA, baMbaI se prakAzita ho rahe haiN| muni jinavijaya jI kI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko mile haiN| 2. devacanda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra graMthamAlA kI ora se san 1933 meM prakAzita / 3. dekhiye jaina granthAvali, pR0 272-295 / nandIsarathava, jiNayotta, sirivIrathuI aura kallANayathotta siripayaraNasaMdoha meM saMgrahIna haiM (RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, 1929) / DaoNkTara DablyU zUliMga ne stotra-sAhitya ke saMbaMdha meM jJAnamuktavali, dillI, 1959 meM eka mahattvapUrNa lekha prakAzita kiyA hai|

Page #582
AThavA~ adhyAya prAkRta kAvya-sAhitya ( IsavI san kI pahalI zatAbdI se lekara 18vIM zatAbdI taka) prAkRta sAhitya meM aneka sarasa kAvyoM kI bhI racanA huii| isa sAhitya kA dhArmika upadeza athavA dhArmika caritoM se koI saMbaMdha nahIM thA, aura isake lekhaka mukhyatayA ajaina vidvAna hI hue | saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI zailI para hI prAyaH yaha sAhitya likhA gayA jisameM zRGgArarasa ko yathocita sthAna milaa| chandobaddha padya se mukta muktaka kAvya isa yuga kI vizeSatA thI / "isa kAvya meM pUrvApara saMbaMdha kI apekSA ke binA eka hI padya meM pAThaka ke citta ko camatkRta karane ke liye vAcyArtha kI apekSA vyaMgya kI pradhAnatA rahI hai / gItAtmaka hone ke kAraNa isameM geya tattva kA bhI samAveza huaa| gAthAsaptazatI prAkRta sAhitya kA isI taraha kA eka sarvazreSTha anupama kAvya hai| gAhAsattasaI ( gAhAsaptazatI) gAthAsaptazatI, jise saptazataka bhI kahA jAtA hai, zRGgArarasapradhAna eka muktaka kAvya hai jisameM prAkRta ke sarvazreSTha kavi' 1. inameM rairAa, miaMga, hAla, pavaraseNa, kesava, guNADhya, aNiruddha, maaranda, kumArila, candasAmi, avantivamma, hariuDDha, poTTisa, candahasthi, pAlita, vallaha, mAhavaseNa, IsANa, mattagainda, visamaseNa, bhoja, siridhamma, revA, garavAhaNa, sasippahA, rohA, dAmoara, mallaseNa, tiloaNa Adi mukhya haiN| inameM hariuDDha aura poTisa kA ullekha rAjazekhara kI karpUramaMjarI meM milatA hai| bhoja ke sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa (1.133 ) meM bhI hariur3ada kA nAma AtA hai| pAlita athavA pAdalipta suprasiddha jaina AcArya haiM jinhoMne taraMgavaikahA kI

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574 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa aura kavayitriyoM kI cunI huI lagabhaga sAta sau gAthAoM kA saMgraha hai| pahale yaha gAhAkosa nAma se kahA jAtA thA / bANabhaTTa ne apane harSacarita meM ise isI nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| upamA, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM se sajjita dhvani-artha-pradhAna ye gAthAyeM mahArASTrI prAkRta meM AryA chaMda meM likhI gaI haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki gAthAsaptazatI ke saMgrahakartA ne eka karor3a prAkRta padyoM meM se kevala 700 padyoM ko cunakara isameM rakkhA hai| bANa, rudraTa, mammaTa, vAgbhaTa, vizvanAtha aura govardhana AcArya Adi kAvya aura alaMkAra-granthoM ke racayitAoM ne isa kAvya kI muktakaMTha se prazaMsA kI hai aura isakI gAthAoM ko alaMkAra, rasa Adi ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| govardhanacArya ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki prAkRta kAvya meM hI aisI sarasatA A sakatI hai, saMskRta kAvya meM nhiiN| sacamuca , racanA kI hai| yahA~ pravarasena kA nAma bhI AtA hai| lekina pravarasena kA samaya IsavI san kI 5vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| isakA samAdhAna prophesara vAsudeva viSNu mirAzI ne 13vIM oNla iNDiyA oriMTiela kaoNnphareMsa, nAgapura, 1946 meM paThita 'da orijinala nema oNya gAthAsaptazatI' nAmaka lekha meM kiyA hai ki gAthA saptazatI kA mUla nAma gAhAkosa thaa| pahale isameM padyoM kI saMkhyA kama thI, bAda meM jaise-jaise zreSTha kavi hote gaye, unakI racanAoM kA isameM samAveza hotA gyaa| 1. kAvyamAlA 21 meM nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI se san 1933 meM prakAzita / vebara ne isake AraMbha kI 370 gAthAyeM 'i0 yUvara DAsa saptazatakam Desa hAla' nAma se lAisikha, 1870 meM prakAzita karAI thii| usake bAda san 1881 meM usane saptazatI kA saMpUrNa saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA-isakA jarmana anuvAda bhI kiyaa| isakA eka uttama saMskaraNa durgAprasAda aura kAzInAtha pAMDuraMga paraba ne nikAlA hai jo gaMgAdhara bhaTTa kI TIkA sahita nirNayasAgara presa se kAvyamAlA ke 31veM bhAga meM prakAzita huA hai|

Page #584
gAhA-sattasaI 575 gAhAsattasaI ke par3hane ke bAda yaha jAnakara bar3A kautUhala hotA hai ki kyA IsavI sana kI prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa prAkRta meM itane bhAvapUrNa utkRSTa kAvyoM kI racanA hone lagI thI ? gAthAsaptazatI ke anukaraNa para saMskRta meM AryAsaptazatI aura hindI meM bihArIsatasaI' Adi kI racanAyeM kI gaI haiN| amaru kavi kA amaruzataka bhI isa racanA se prabhAvita hai| hAla athavA AMdhravaMza ke sAtavAhana (zAlivAhana) ko isa kRti kA saMgrahako mAnA jAtA hai / sAtavAhana aura kAlakAcArya ke saMbaMdha meM pahale kahA jA cukA hai / sAtavAhana pratiSThAna meM rAjya karate the,tathA bRhatkathAkAra guNAvya aura vyAkaraNAcArya zarvavarmA Adi vidvAnoM ke AzrayadAtA the| bhoja ke sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa (2. 15) ke anusAra jaise vikramAditya ne saMskRta bhASA ke pracAra ke liye prayatna kiyA, usIprakAra zAlivAhana ne prAkRta ke liye kiyA / rAjazekhara kAvyamImAMsA (pR0 50) ke anusAra apane aMtaHpura meM zAlivAhana prAkRta meM hI bAtacIta kiyA karate the (zrUyate cakuMtaleSu sAtavAhano nAma rAjA, tena prAkRtabhASAsmakamantaHpura eveti samAnaM pUrveNa)| bANa ne apane harSacarita meM sAtavAhana ko prAkRta ke subhASita ratnoM kA saMkalanakartA kahA hai| inakA samaya iMsavI san 66 mAnA jAtA hai| zrRMgArarasa pradhAna hone ke kAraNa isa kRti meM nAyaka-nAyikAoM ke varNanaprasaMga meM sAdhvI, kulaTA, pativratA, vezyA, svakIyA, parakIyA, saMyamazIlA, caMcalA Adi striyoM kI manaHsthitiyoM kA sarasa citraNa kiyA hai| prema kI avasthAoM kA varNana atyaMta mArmika 1. tulanA ke liye dekhiye zrI mathurAnAtha zAstrI kI gAthAsaptazatI kI bhUmikA, pR. 37-53; padmasiMha zarmA kA bihArIsatasaI para saMjIvanI bhApya / DiMgala ke kavi sUryamalla ne vIrasatasaI kI racanA kI / isI prakAra gujarAtI meM dayArAma ne satasayA aura dalapatarAya ne dalapatasatasaI kI racanA kI-prophesara kApaDiyA, prAkRta bhASAo ane sAhitya, pRSTha 145 phuTanoTa /

Page #585
576 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bana par3A hai| prasaMgavaza meghadhArA, mayUranRnya, kamalayanalamI, jharane, tAlAba, grAmya jIvana, lahalahAte kheta, vindhya parvata, narmadA, godAvarI Adi prAkRtika dRzyoM kA anUThA varNana kiyA hai| bIca-bIca meM holikA mahotsava, madanotsava, vezabhUSA, AcAravicAra, vrata-niyama, Adi ke kAvyamaya citra upasthita kiye gaye haiN| nissandeha pAralaukikatA kI ciMtA se mukta prAkRtakAvya kI yaha anamola racanA saMsAra ke sAhitya meM bejor3a hai| gAthAsaptazatI ke Upara 18 TIkAyeM likhI jA cukI haiN| jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI isa para TIkA likhI hai| jayapura ke zrI mathurAnAtha zAstrI ne isa para vyaMgyasabakapA nAma kI saMskRta meM pAMDityapUrNa TIkA likhI hai| gAthAzaptazatI kI camatkArapUrNa uktiyoM ke kucha udAharaNa dekhie 1. phurie vAmacchi tue jai ehii so pio ja tA suiram / __ saMmIlia dAhiNa tui avi evaM paloissam / / -he vAmanetra! tere pharakane para (paradeza gayA huA) merA priya yadi Aja A jAyegA to apanA dAhinA netra mUMdakara maiM tere dvArA hI use dekhuugii|' . 2. anja gao ti ajjaMgao tti ajjaMgao tti gaNarIe / paDhama via diahaddhe kuDo rehAhiM cittlio|| -( merA pati) Aja gayA hai, Aja gayA hai, isa prakAra eka dina meM eka lakIra khIMcakara dina ginanevAlI nAyikA ne dina ke prathamArdha meM hI divAla rekhAoM se citrita kara ddaalii| 3. jassa ahaM via paDhamaM tissA aMgammi NivaDiA ditttthii| tassa tahiM cea ThiA savvaMga keNa vi Na dilN|| 1. milAiye-bAma bAhu pharakata mileM, jo hari jIvanamUri / to tohI so bheTihoM, rAkhi dAhinI dUri // 142 bihaariistsii|

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gAhAsattasaI 577 -usake zarIra para jahA~ jisakI dRSTi par3I, vahIM vaha lagI raha gaI, aura usakA sArA aMga koI bhI na dekha skaa| 4. vevirasiNNakaraMguli prigghkkhsialehnniimgge| sotthivvia Na samappai piasahi lehammi kiM lihimo|| -kA~patI huI aura svedayukta u~galiyoM dvArA pakar3I huI lekhanI ke skhalita ho jAne se, nAyikA svasti zabda ko hI pUrA na kara sakI, patra to vaha vicArI kyA likhatI ? 5. avvo dukkaraAraa ! puNo vi taMtiM karesi gamaNassa | ___ anja vi Na hoti saralA veNIa taraMgiNo ciuraa|| -he kaThora hRdaya ! abhI to (viraha avasthA meM ba~dhI huI) veNI ke kuTila keza bhI sIdhe nahIM ho pAye, aura tuma phira se jAne kI bAta karane lge| 6. hatthesu a pAesu a aMguligaNaNAi aigaA diahA / eNhi uNa keNa gaNijjau tti bhaNia ruai muddhA / -hAtha aura pA~voM kI saba u~galiyA~ ginakara dina bIta gaye, aba maiM kisa prakAra zeSa dinoM ko gina sakU~gI, yaha kahakara mugdhA rudana karane lgii| 7. bahalatamA haarAI ajja pauttho paI gharaM suNNam / taha jaggesu saajia ! Na jahA amhe musijjaamo|| -Aja kI hatabhAgI rAta meM ghanA a~dherA hai, pati paradeza gaye haiM, ghara sUnA hai| he par3osina ! tuma Aja rAta ko jAgaraNa karo jisase corI na ho jaaye| 8. dhaNNA tA mahilAo jA daiaM siviNae vi pecchaMti / Nidavvia teNa viNA Na ei kA pecchae siviNam // -ve mahilAyeM dhanya haiM jo apane pati kA svapna meM to darzana 1. milAiye-ajyauM na Aye sahaja raMga biraha dUbare gAta / ___ abahIM kahA calAiyata lalana calana kI bAta // 130 // -bihaariistsii| 37 prA0 sA0

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178 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kara letI haiM, lekina jinheM unake viraha meM nidrA hI nahIM AtI ve vecArI svapna hI kyA dekheMgI? 6. jAva Na kosanikAsaM pAvai IsIsa mAlaIkaliA / maaraMdapANalohilla bhamara tAvacia malesi // -mAlatI kI kalI kA vikasita hone ke pUrva hI, puSparasa pAna karane kA lobhI bhramara mardana kara DAlatA hai|' 10. so NAma saMbharijai pabbhasio jo khaNaM pi hiaAhi / __ saMbhariavvaM ca karaM ga a penmaM NirAlaMbam / / -jo eka kSaNa ke liye bhI hRdaya se dUra rahe usakA nAma smaraNa karanA to ThIka kahA jA sakatA hai (lekina jo rAta-dina hRdaya meM rahatA hai usakA kyA smaraNa kiyA jAye 1) / yadi priya smaraNa karane yogya hai to prema nirAlaMba hI ho jaayegaa| 11. paNaakuviANaM doNha vi aliapasuttANaM mANaillANam / NiJcalaNiruddhaNIsAsadiNNakaNNANaM ko mallo // -praNaya se kupita, jhUTha-mUTha soye hue, mAnayukta, eka dUsare ke nizcala roke hue nizvAsa kI ora kAna lagAye hue nAyaka aura nAyikA donoM meM dekheM kauna malla hai ? ( koI bhI nhiiN)| 12. aNNANNaM kusumarasaM jaM kira so mahai mahuaro pAuM / taM NIrasANa doso kusumANaM Nea bhamarassa / / -bhauMrA jo dUsare.dUsare kusumoM kA rasa pAna karanA cAhatA hai, isameM nIrasa kusumoM kA hI doSa hai, bhauM re kA nhiiN| 13. aNNamahilApasaMgaM de deva ! karesu ahma daiassa / purisA ekantarasA Na hu dosaguNe viANaMti // -he deva ! hamAre priyatama ko kisI anya mahilA se milane kA bhI prasaMga ho kyoMki ekamAtra rasa ke bhogI puruSa striyoM ke guNa-doSa nahIM smjhte| 1. milAiye-nahiM parAga nahiM madhura madhu nahi vikAsa ihiM kAla / alI kalIhI te baMdhyo Age kauna havAla // -bihArIsatasaI

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vajjAlagga 579 14. asarisacitte diare suddhamaNA piaame visamasIle / ____NaM kahai kuDumbavihaDaNabhaeNa taNuAae sonnhaa|| kAma vikAra ke kAraNa dUSita hRdayavAle devara ke hote hue bhI, zuddha hRdayavAlI putravadhU priyatama ke kaThora svabhAvI hone se, kuTuMba meM kalaha hone ke bhaya se, apane mana kI bAta na kahane ke kAraNa pratidina kRza hotI jA rahI hai| 15. bhuMjasu jaM sAhINaM kutto loNaM kugAmariddhammi / suhaa ! saloNeNa vi kiM teNa siNeho jahiM Nasthi / / -jo svAdhIna hokara mile use khAo, choTe-moTe gA~va meM bhojana banAte samaya lavaNa kahA~ se AyegA ? he sundara ! usa lavaNa se bhI kyA lAbha jahA~ sneha na ho| 16. ajja pi tAva ekkaM mA maM vArehi piasahi ruaMtim | kalliM uNa tammi gae jai Na muA tANa se dissam // -Aja eka dina ke liye mujha rotI huI ko mata roko | kala usake cale jAne para yadi maiM na mara gaI to phira maiM roU~gI hI nahIM (arthAt usake cale jAne para merA maraNa avazyaMbhAvI hai)| 17. je je guNiNo je je acAiNo je viDaDDhaviNNANA / dAridda re viakkhaNa ! tANa tumaM sANurAo si // -jo koI guNavAna haiM, tyAgI haiM, jJAnavAn haiM, he vicakSaNa dAridratha ! tU unhIM se prema karatA hai| - vajAlagga ___ hAla kI saptazatI ke samAna vajAlagga (vrajyAlama) bhI prAkRta ke samRddha sAhitya kA saMgraha hai| yaha bhI kisI eka kavi kI racanA nahIM hai, aneka kaviyoMkRta prAkRta padyoM kA yaha subhASita saMgraha hai jise zvetAmbara muni jayavallabha ne saMkalita kiyA hai / ' ina subhASitoM ko par3hakara inake racayitAoM kI sUjha 1. prophesara juliyasa lebara dvArA kalakattA se san 1914, 1923 aura 1944 meM prakAzita /

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580 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bUjha aura sUkSma paryavIkSaNa zakti kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha subhASita AryA chanda meM hai aura isameM dharma, artha, aura kAma kA prarUpaNa hai / vajjA kA artha hai paddhati; eka prastAva meM eka viSaya se saMbaMdhita aneka gAthAyeM hone ke kAraNa ise vajjAlagga kahA gayA hai| hAla kI saptazatI kI bhA~ti isameM bhI 700 gAthAyeM thiiN| vartamAna kRti meM 765 gAthAyeM haiN| durbhAgya se inake lekhakoM ke nAmoM ke saMbaMdha meM hama kucha nahIM jaante| ye gAthAyeM kAvya, sajana, durjana, daiva, dAridraya, gaja, siMha, bhramara, surata, prema, pravasita, satI, asatI, jyotiSika, lekhaka, vaidya, dhArmika, yAMtrika, vezyA, khanaka (uDU), jarA, vaDavAnala Adi 65 prakaraNoM meM vibhakta haiN| ratnadevagaNi ne saMvat 1363 meM isa para saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| kahIM-kahIM apabhraMza kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| hemacandra aura saMdezarAsaka ke kartA abdu- . rahamAna Adi kI gAthAyeM bhI yahA~ milatI haiN| prAraMbha meM prAkRta-kAvya ko amRta kahA hai, jo ise par3hanA aura sunanA nahIM jAnate ve kAma kI vArtA karate hue lajjA ko prApta hote haiN| prAkRta-kAvya ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai lalie mahurakkharae juvaIyaNavallahe sasiMgAre / sante pAiyakavve ko sakkai sakkayaM paDhiuM / / -lalita, madhura akSaroM se yukta, yuvatiyoM ko priya, zRGgArayukta, prAkRtakAvya ke rahate hue saMskRta ko kauna par3hegA ? nIti ke sambandha meM batAyA hai appahiyaM kAyavvaM jai sakkA parahiyaM ca kAyavvaM / appahiyaparahiyANaM appahiyaM ceva kAyavvaM / / -pahale apanA hita karanA cAhiye, saMbhava ho to dUsare kA hita karanA cAhiye / apane aura dUsare ke hita meM se apanA hita hI mukhya hai|

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vajjAlagga dhIra puruSoM ke saMbaMdha meMbe maggA bhuvaNayale mANiNi ! mANunnayANa purisANaM / ahavA pAvaMti siri ahava bhamantA samappaMti // ' -he mAnini ! isa bhUmaMDala para mAnI puruSoM ke liye kevala do hI mArga haiM-yA to ve zrI ko prApta hote haiM, yA phira bhramaNa karate hue samApta ho jAte haiN| vidhi kI mukhyatA batAI haiko ettha sayA suhio kassa va lacchI thirAi pemmaaii| kassa va na hoi khalaNaM bhaNa ko huna khaMDio vihinnaa|| -yahA~ kauna sadA sukhI hai ? kisake lakSmI TikatI hai ? kisakA prema sthira rahatA hai ? kisakA skhalana nahIM hotA ? aura vidhi ke dvArA kauna khaMDita nahIM hotA ? dIna ke saMbaMdha meMtiNatUlaM pi hu lahuyaM dINaM daiveNa nimmiyaM bhuvaNe / vAeNa kiM na nIyaM appANaM patthaNabhaeNa // -deva ne tRNa aura tUla (ruI) se bhI laghu dIna ko sirajA hai, to phira use vAyu kyoM na ur3A le gaI ? kyoMki use Dara thA ki dIna usase bhI kucha mA~ga na baitthe| sevaka ko lakSya karake kahA haivarisihisi tumaM jalahara ! bharihisi bhuvaNantarAi nIsesaM / taNhAsusiyasarIre muyammi vappIhayakuTuMbe // -he jaladhara ! tuma barasoge aura samasta bhuvanAMtaroM ko jala se bhara doge, lekina kaba ? jaba ki cAtaka kA kuTuMba tRSNA se zoSita hokara paraloka pahu~ca jAyegA | 1 milAiye-kusumastavakasyeva dve vRttI tu mnsvinH| sarveSAM mUni vA tiSThet vizIrthata vane'thavA // hitopadeza 1.134 /

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582 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa haMsa ke saMbaMdha meM ekkaNa ya pAsapariTTieNa haMseNa jA sohA / taM saravaro na pAvai bahuehi vi DheMkasatthehiM / -pAsa meM rahanevAle eka haMsa se jo sarovara kI zobhA hotI hai, vaha aneka meDhakoM se bhI nahIM hotii| saMsAra meM kyA sAra hai summai paMcamageyaM pujijai vasahavAhaNo devo / hiyaicchio ramijai saMsAre ittiyaM sAraM // -paMcama gIta kA sunanA, baila kI savArIvAle zivajI kA pUjana karanA aura jaisA mana cAhe ramaNa karanA, yahI saMsAra meM sAra hai| koI nAyaka apanI mAninI nAyikA ko manA rahA haie daie! maha pasinjasu mANaM mottRRNa kuNasu pariosaM / kayaseharANa summai AlAvo jhatti gosammi // -he dayite ! prasanna ho, mAna ko chor3akara mujhe santuSTa kara / saberA ho gayA hai, murge kI bA~ga sunAI par3a rahI hai| pati ke pravAsa para jAte samaya nAyikA kI cintAkallaM kira kharahiyao pavasihii pio tti suvvai jaNammi | taha vaDDha bhayavainise ! jaha se kallaM ciya na hoi / ' -sunatI hU~, kala vaha krUra pravAsa ko jaayegaa| he bhagavatI rAtri! tU isa taraha bar3I ho jA jisase kabhI kala ho hI nhiiN| bidAI kA dRzya dekhiye jai vaJcasi vacca tuma eNhiM avaUhaNeNa na hu kajaM / pAvAsiyANa maDayaM chiviUNa amaMgalaM hoi| milAiye1. sajana sakAre jAyeMge naina mareMge roya / yA vidhi aisI kIjiye phajara kabahU~ nA hohi / / -bihaariistsii|

Page #592
vajAlagga 583 -yadi tumheM jAnA ho to jAo, isa samaya AliMgana karane se kyA lAbha ? pravAsa ke liye jAne vAle loga yadi mRtaka (niSprANa ) kA sparza kareM to yaha amaMgala sUcaka hai / lekina pati calA gayA, kevala usake padacihna zeSa raha gaye / proSitabhartRkA unhIM ko dekhakara santoSa kara letI hai| kisI pathika ko usa mArga se jAte hue dekhakara vaha kaha uThatI hai - iya paMthe mA vacasu gayavaibhaNiyaM bhuyaM pasAre vi / paMthiya ! piyapayamuddA mailijjai tujhagamaNeNa // - proSitabhartRkA nArI apanI bhujAoM ko phailAkara kahatI hai, pathika ! tU isa mArga se mata jA / tere gamana se mere priyatama ke pacihna naSTa ho jAyeMge / pati ke viyoga meM proSitabhartRkA vicArI kApAlinI bana gaI-- hatthaTThiyaM kavAlaM na muyai nUNaM khaNaM pi khaTTagaM / sAtu virahe bAlaya ! bAlA kAvAliNI jAyA // ' - apane sira ko hAtha para rakkhe hue ( khappara hAtha meM liye hue ), vaha khATa ko nahIM chor3atI ( athavA khaTvAMga ko dhAraNa kiye hue ) aisI vaha nAyikA tere viraha meM kApAlikA bana gaI hai| sugRhiNI ke viSaya meM subhASita dekhiye bhuMjai bhuMjiyasesaM suppara suppamma pariyaNe sayale / paDhamaM ce vibui gharassa lacchI na mA ghariNI // - jo bAkI bacA huA bhojana karatI hai, saba parijanoM ke so jAne para svayaM sotI hai, sabase pahale uThatI hai, vaha gRhiNI nahIM, lakSmI hai / milAiye - / 1. abdurrahamAna ke saMdezarAsaka (2.86 ) ke sAtha /

Page #593
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tathA patte piyapAhuNae maMgalavalayAi vikkiNaMtIe / duggayaghariNIkulabAliyAe rovAvio gaamo|| -kisI priya pAhune ke A jAne para usane apane maMgalavalaya ko beca diyaa| isaprakAra kulabAlikA kI dayanIya dazA dekhakara sArA gA~va ro pdd'aa| ___yahA~ chaha RtuoM kA varNana hai| hAla kavi kA aura zrIparvata se auSadhi lAne kA yahA~ ullekha hai| gAthAsahasrI . sakalacandragaNi ke ziSya samayamundaragaNi isa graMtha ke saMgrahakartA haiM / ve tarka, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya Adi ke bahuta bar3e vidvAn the| vikrama saMvat 1686 ( IsavI san 1626 ) meM unhoMne prastuta grantha meM laukika-alaukika vipayoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| isa grantha para eka TippaNa bhI hai, usake kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai / jaise gAthAsaptazatI meM 700 gAthAoM kA saMgraha hai vaise hI isa grantha meM 1000 (855) subhApita gAthAoM kA saMgraha hai| yahA~ 36 sUri ke guNa, sAdhuoM ke guNa, jinakalpika ke upakaraNa, yatidinacaryA, 253 Arya deza, dhyAtA kA svarUpa, prANAyAma, 32 prakAra ke nATaka, 16 zrRMgAra, zakuna aura jyotipa Adi se saMbaMdha rakhanevAle viSayoM kA saMgraha hai| mahAnizItha vyavahArabhASya, puSpamAlAvRtti Adi ke sAtha-sAtha mahAbhArata, manusmRti Adi saMskRta ke granthoM se bhI yahA~ uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| inake atirikta prAkRta meM anya bhI subhApita granthoM kI racanA huI hai| jinezvarasUri (san 1165) ne gAthAkopa likhaa| lakSmaNa kI bhI isI nAma kI eka kRti milatI hai| phira, . .. jinadattasUri prAcIna pustakoddhAra phaMDa, sUrata se san 1940 meM prakAzita / 2. ina donoM ko muni puNyavijayajI prakAzita karA rahe haiN|

Page #594
585 setubaMdha rasAlaya, rasAulo ( kartA municandra), vidyAlaya, sAhityazloka, aura subhASita nAma ke subhASita-grantha bhI prAkRta meM likhe gaye / ' setubaMdha 0 (muktaka kAvya aura subhASitoM kI bhA~ti mahAkAvya bhI prAkRta meM likhe gaye jinameM setubaMdha, gauDavaho aura lIlAvaI Adi kA viziSTa sthAna hai| setubaMdha prAkRta bhASA kA sarvotkRSTa mahAkAvya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai| rAvaNavadha athavA dazamukhavadha nAma se bhI yaha kahA jAtA hai / mahAkavi daNDI aura bANabhaTTa ne isa kRti kA ullekha kiyA hai| setubandha ke racayitA mahAkavi pravarasena mAne jAte haiM jinakA samaya IsavI san kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI hai| isa kAvya meM 15 AzvAsa haiM jinameM vAnarasenA ke prasthAna se lekara rAvaNa ke vadha taka kI rAmakathA kA varNana hai / setubandha kI bhASA sAhityika prAkRta hai jisameM samAsoM aura alaMkAroM kA prayoga adhika huA hai; yamaka, anuprAsa aura zleSa kI mukhyatA hai| 1. jaina granthAvali, pR0 341 / 2. isakA eka prAkRta saMskaraNa akabara ke samaya meM rAmadAsa ne TIkAsahita likhA thA, para vaha mUla kA artha ThIka-ThIka nahIM samajha pAyA; pizala, prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 23 / sabase pahale san 1846 meM setubandha para hoephara ne kAma kiyA thaa| phira paula golDazmitta ne 1873 meM 'spisimaina Des setubaMdha' nAmaka pustaka goeTiMgana se prakAzita kii| tatpazcAt sTrAsavarga se san 1880 meM jIgaphrIDa golDazmitta ne sArA grantha jarmana anuvAda sahita prakAzita kraayaa| isI ke AdhAra para zivadatta aura paraba ne bambaI se saMskaraNa nikAlA jo rAmadAsa kI TIkA ke sAtha kAvyamAlA 47 meM san 1895 meM prakAzita huA; pizala, vahI, pRSTha 24 /

Page #595
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tatkAlIna saMskRta kAvyazailI kA isa para gaharA prabhAva hai| skandhaka, galitaka, anuSTup Adi chanda bhI saMskRta ke hI haiN| sampUrNa kRti eka hI AryA chanda meM likhI gaI hai| isa mahAkAvya kA prabhAva saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza para bhI par3A hai| Age calakara isake anukaraNa para gauDavaho, kaMsavaho aura zizupAlavadha Adi aneka prabandhakAvya likhe gye| setubandha para aneka TIkAyeM haiM jinameM jayapura rAjya ke nivAsI akabarakAlIna rAmadAsa kI rAmasetupradIpa TIkA prasiddha hai| yaha TIkA IsavI san 1565 meM likhI gaI thI / rAmadAsa ke kathanAnusAra vikramAditya kI AjJA se kAlidAsa ne isa grantha ko pravarasena ke liye likhA hai, lekina yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai| kathA kA AdhAra vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kA yuddhakANDa hai| viraha se saMtapta rAma hanumAna dvArA sItA kA samAcAra pAkara laMkA kI ora prasthAna karate haiN| lekina mArga meM samudra A jAne se ruka jAte haiN| vAnara-senA samudra kA pula bA~dhatI hai| rAma samudra ko pAra kara laMkA nagarI meM praveza karate haiM, aura rAvaNa tathA kumbhakarNa Adi kA vadha karake sItA ko chur3A lAte haiN| ayodhyA lauTane para unakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA jAtA hai| pahale ATha AzvAsoM meM zarad Rtu, rAtrizobhA, candrodaya, prabhAta, parvata, samudrataTa, sUryodaya, sUryAsta, malayaparvata, vAnaroM dvArA samudra para setu bA~dhane Adi kA sundara aura kAvyAtmaka varNana hai| uttarArdha meM laMkA nagarI kA darzana, rAvaNa kA kSobha, nizAcariyoM kA saMbhoga, pramadavana, sItA kI mUcho, laGkA kA avarodha, yuddha tathA rAvaNavadha Adi kA sUkSma citraNa kiyA gayA hai| bIca-bIca meM aneka sUktiyA~ guMphita haiN| samudravelA kA varNana karate hue kahA haiviasiatamAlaNIlaM puNo puNo calataraMgakaraparimaTTham / phullelAvaNasurahiM uahi gaindassa dANalehaM va Thiam / / 1. 63 -samudrataTa vikasita tamAla vRkSoM se zyAma ho gayA thA,

Page #596
setubaMdha 587 bAra-bAra uThane vAlI caJcala taraGgoM se vaha parimArjita thA, aura praphullita ilAyacI ke vana se sugandhita thaa| yaha taTa hAthI kI maddhArA ke samAna zobhita ho rahA thaa| satpuruSoM ke saMbaMdha kI eka ukti dekhiyete viralA sappurisA je abhaNantA ghaDenti kajjAlAve | thoa cia te vi dumA je amuNiakusumaniggamA denti phalaM // 3.6 -jo binA kucha kahe hI kArya kara dete haiM, aise satpuruSa virale hI hote haiN| udAharaNa ke liye, binA puSpoM ke phala denevAle vRkSa bahuta kama hote haiN| samartha puruSoM ko lakSya karake kahA gayA haiAhia samarAamaNA vasaNammi a ucchave a smraaamnnaa| avasAaavisamatthA dhIracia honti saMsae vi samatthA // 3.20 -samartha loga saMzaya upasthita hone para dhIratA hI dhAraNa karate haiM / saMgrAma upasthita hone para ve apane Apa ko samarpita kara dete haiM / sukha aura duHkha meM ve samabhAva rakhate haiM, aura saMkaTa upasthita hone para vicAra kara kArya karate haiN| vAnaroM dvArA setu bA~dhane kA varNana par3hiyedhariA bhuehi selA selehi dumA dumehi ghnnsNghaaaa| NaviNajai kiM pavaAseuMbaMdhatiomiNenti Nahaalam / / 7.58 -vAnaroM ne apanI bhujAoM para parvata dhAraNa kara liye, parvatoM ke vRkSa aura vRkSoM ke Upara paribhramaNa karane vAle bAdala Upara uThA liye | yaha patA nahIM calatA thA ki vAnarasenA setu ko bA~dha rahI hai athavA AkAza ko mApa rahI hai| rAkSasiyoM kI kAtaratA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA haipiaamavacchesu vaNe ovaiadisAgaindadantullihie / vevai daTTaNa ciraM saMbhAviasamarakAaro juvaijaNo // 10-60 -prahAra karane ke liye upasthita diggaja hAthI ke dA~toM dvArA apane priyatama ke vakSasthala para kiye hue ghAvoM ko dekhakara,

Page #597
588 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa upasthita hue yuddha se kAtara banI huI yuvatiyoM kA hRdaya kaMpita hotA hai| striyoM ke anurAga kI abhivyakti dekhiyealaaMchivai vilakkho paDisArei valaaM jamei Niattham | mohaM Alavai sahiM daiAloaNaDio vilAsiNIsattho // 10.70 -vilAsinI striyA~ kahIM se akasmAt Aye hue apane priya ko dekhakara lajjA se caJcala ho uThatI haiM / ve apane kezoM ko sparza karatI haiM, kar3oM ko Upara-nIce karatI haiM, vantroM ko ThIka-ThAka karatI haiM aura apanI sakhI se jhUTha-mUTha kA vArtAlApa karane lagatI haiN| navor3hA ke prathama samAgama ke saMbaMdha meM kahA haiNa piai diNNaM pi muhaM Na paNAmei aharaM Na moeD balA | kaha vi paDivajjai raaM paDhamasamAgamaparammuho juvijnno|| 10.78 -navor3hA strI priya dvArA upasthita kiye hue mukha kA pAna nahIM karatI, priya ke dvArA yAcita kiye hue adhara ko nahIM jhukAtI, priya dvArA adhara oSTha se AkRSTa kiye jAne para jabadastI se use nahIM chudd'aatii| isa prakAra prathama samAgama meM lajjA se parAGmukha yuvatiyA~ bar3e kaSTapUrvaka rati sampanna karatI haiN| zrRMgArarasa meM vIrarasa kI pradhAnatA dekhiyepiaamakaNTholaiaM juaINa suammi samarasaNNAharave / IsaNihaM Navara bhaaM suraakkheeNa galai bAhAjualam // 12.48 -yuddhasaMnAha kI bherI kI dhvani sunakara, surata ke kheda se priyatama ke kaNTha se avalagna yuvatiyoM ke bAhupAza zithila ho jAte haiN| __raNa kI abhilASA kA varNana karate hue kavi ne likhA haibhijai uro Na hia giriNA bhajai raho Na uNa ucchaaho| chijjanti siraNihANA tuMgA Na uNa raNadohalA suhaDANam // 13. 36

Page #598
Present 589 - yuddhabhUmi meM sumaToM ke vakSasthaloM kA bhedana hotA hai, unake hRdaya kA nahIM ; giri ( kapiyoM ke akha - TIkA ) se rathoM kA bhedana hotA hai, utsAha kA nahIM; subhaToM ke ziroM kA chedana hotA hai, unakI raNa-abhilASAoM kA nahIM / kAmadattA kAmadattA nAma ke prAkRta kAvya kA caturbhANI ke antargata zUdraka viracitapadmaprabhRtakam ( pR0 12) meM milatA hai / padmaprabhRtakam kA samaya IsavI san kI 5vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai | sant (gauDavadha ) (3) recast laukika caritra ke AdhAra para likhA huA eka prabandha kAvya hai / ' isameM gauDa deza ke kisI rAjA ke vadha kA varNana honA cAhiye thA jo kevala do hI padyoM meM samApta ho jAtA hai / yazovarmA ne gauDa-magadha ke rAjA kA vadha kisa prakAra kiyA, ityAdi bhUmikA ke rUpa meM yaha kAvya likhA gayA mAlUma hotA hai / kadAcit yaha pUrNa nahIM ho sakA, aura yadi pUrNa ho gayA hai to upalabdha nahIM hai / bappairAa athavA vAkpatirAja isa carita kAvya ke kartA mAne jAte haiM / unhoMne lagabhaga 750 IsavI meM mahArASTrI prAkRta meM AryA chanda meM isa grantha kI racanA kI / vAkpatirAja kannauja meM rAjA yazovarmA ke Azraya meM rahate the / yazovarmA kI prazaMsA meM hI yaha kAvya likhA gayA hai / isameM 1206 gAthAyeM haiM / prantha kA vibhAjana sargoM meM na hokara kulakoM meM huA hai| sabase bar3e kulaka meM 150 padya haiM 1. haripAla kI TIkA sahita ise zaMkara pAMDuraMga paNDita ne bambaI saMskRta sIrIz2a 34 meM bambaI se 1887 meM prakAzita karAyA / zaMkarapANDuraMga paNDita aura narAyaNa bApUjI utagIkara dvArA sampAdita, san 1927 se bhANDArakara orieMTala risarca iMsTiTyUTa dvArA prakAzita /

Page #599
590 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa aura sabase choTe meM pA~ca / bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha grantha mahattva - pUrNa hai / utprekSA, upamA aura vakroktiyoM kA yahA~ sundara prayoga huA hai / haripAla ne isa para gauDavadhasAra nAma kI TIkA likhI hai / sarvaprathama 61 padmoM meM brahmA, hari, nRsiMha, mahAvarAha, vAmana, kUrma, kRSNa, balabhadra, ziva, gaurI, gaNapati, lakSmI Adi devatAoM kA maGgalAcaraNa hai / tatpazcAt kaviyoM kI prazaMsA hai | kaviyoM meM bhavabhUti, bhAsa, jvalanamitra, kAMtideva, kAlidAsa, subandhu aura haricandra ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM / sukavi ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki vaha vidyamAna vastu ko avidyamAna, vidyamAna ko avidyamAna aura vidyamAna ko vidyamAna citrita kara sakatA hai / kavi ne prAkRta bhASA ke sambandha meM likhA hai - " prAkRta bhASA navIna artha kA darzana hotA hai, racanA meM vaha samRddha hai aura komalatA ke kAraNa madhura hai / samasta bhASAoM kA prAkRta bhASA meM sanniveza hotA hai; saba bhApAyeM isameM se prAdurbhUta huI haiM, jaise samasta jala samudra meM praviSTa hotA hai, aura samudra se hI udbhUta hotA hai / isake par3hane se vizeSa prakAra kA harSa hotA hai, netra vikasita hote haiM aura mukulita ho jAte haiM, tathA bahirmukha hokara hRdaya vikasita ho jAtA hai / " tatpazcAt kAvya Arambha hotA hai| rAjA yazovarmA eka pratApI rAjA hai jise hari kA avatAra batAyA gayA hai / saMsAra meM pralaya hone ke pazcAt kevala yazovarmA hI bAkI bacA / varSA Rtu samApta hone para vaha vijayayAtrA ke liye prasthAna karatA hai / isa prasaMga para zarada aura hemanta Rtu kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / krama se vaha zoNa nada para pahu~catA hai / usake sainikoM ke prayANa se zAli ke kheta naSTa ho jAte haiM / vahA~ se vaha vindhya parvata kI ora gamana karatA hai aura vahA~ vindhyavAsinI devI kI stuti karatA hai| devI ke mandira ke ghaNTe lage hue haiM, mahiSAsura kA mastaka devI ke toraNa dvAra para pagoM se bhinna

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gauDavaho ho rahA hai, puSpa aura dhUpa Adi sugaMdhita padArthoM se AkRSTa hokara bhramara guMjAra kara rahe haiM, sthAna-sthAna para rakta kI bheMTa car3hAI gaI hai, kapAloM ke maNDala bikhare hue haiN| mandira kA garbhabhavana vIroM ke dvArA vitIrNa asidhenu, karavAla Adi kI kAnti se zobhita hai, sAdhaka loga tandula aura puruSoM ke muNDa se pUjA arcanA kara rahe haiM, aruNa patAkAyeM phaharA rahI haiM, bhUtapratimAyeM rudhira aura Asava kA pAna kara santoSa prApta kara rahI haiM, dIpamAlAyeM prajvalita ho rahI haiM, kaula nAriyA~ vadha kiye jAte hue mahApazu ( manuSya ) ko prApta karane ke liye ekatrita ho rahI haiM, devI-zmazAna meM sAdhaka loga mahAmAMsa kI bikrI kara rahe haiN| yahA~ batAyA hai ki magadha (gauDa ) kA rAjA, yazovarmA ke bhaya se palAyana kara gyaa| isa prasaMga para prISma aura varSA Rtu kA varNana hai / yahA~ para magadhAdhipa ke bhAge hue sahAyaka rAje lauTa Ate haiN| yazovarmA kI senA ke sAtha unakA yuddha hotA hai jisameM magadha (gauDa ) ke rAjA kA vadha hotA hai| isI ghaTanA ko lekara prastuta racanA ko gauDavadha kahA gayA hai| tatpazcAt yazovarmA ne elA se surabhita samudrataTa ke pradeza meM prayANa kiyaa| vahA~ se vaMga deza kI ora gyaa| yaha deza hAthiyoM ke liye prasiddha thaa| usane vaMgarAja ko parAjita kiyA, phira malaya parvata ko pAra kara dakSiNa kI ora bar3hA, samudrataTa para pahu~cA jahA~ bAli ne bhramaNa kiyA thaa| phira pArasIka janapada meM pahu~ca kara vahA~ ke rAjA ke sAtha yuddha kiyA | koMkaNa kI vijaya kI, vahA~ se narmadA ke taTa para phuNcaa| phira marudeza kI ora gamana kiyaa| vahA~ se zrIkaNTha gyaa| tatpazcAt kurukSetra meM pahuMcakara jalakrIDA kA Ananda liyaa| vahA~ se yazovarmA harizcandra kI nagarI ayodhyA ke liye ravAnA huaa| mahendra parvata ke nivAsiyoM para vijaya prApta kI aura vahA~ se uttaradizA kI ora prasthAna kiyA | yahA~ 146 gAthAoM ke kulaka meM

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vijayayAtrA meM Aye hue aneka tAlAba, nadI, parvata aura vakSa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / grAmya-jIvana kA citra dekhiye TiviDikkia DiMbhANaM NavaraMgayagavvagaruyamahilANa / NikampapAmarANaM bhadaM gAmUsava-diNANa // -ve grAmotsava ke dina kitane sundara haiM jaba ki bAlakoM ko prasAdhita kiyA jAtA hai, naye raMge hue vastroM ko dhAraNa kara striyA~ garva karatI haiM aura gA~va ke loga nizceSTa khar3e raha kara khela Adi dekhate haiN| AmravRkSoM kI zobhA dekhiye iha hi halihAhayadaviDasAmalIgaMDamaMDalAnIlaM / phalamasalapariNAmAvalambi ahiharaMi cuuyaannN|| -haladI se raMge hue draviDa deza kI suMdariyoM ke kapolamaNDala ke samAna, AdhA pakA huA vRkSa para laTakatA huA Ama kA phala kitanA sundara lagatA hai ! gA~voM kA citraNa dekhiyephalalambhamuiyaDiMbhA sudArugharasaMNivesaramaNijjA / ee haraMti hiyayaM ajaNAiNNA vaNaggAmA / / -jahA~ phaloM ko pAkara bAlaka mudita rahate haiM, lakar3I ke bane hue gharoM ke kAraNa jo ramaNIka jAna par3ate haiM aura jahA~ bahuta loga nahIM rahate, aise vana-grAma kitane manamohaka haiN| yazovarmA vijayayAtrA ke pazcAt kannauja lauTa AtA hai| usake sahAyaka rAjA apane-apane ghara cale jAte haiM, aura sainika apanI patniyoM se milakara bar3e prasanna hote haiM / bandijana yazovarmA kA jaya-jayakAra karate haiN| rAjA antaHpura kI rAniyoM ke sAtha krIr3A meM samaya yApana karatA hai| yahA~ striyoM kI krIDAoM aura unake sauMdarya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ___isake pazcAt kavi apanA itihAsa likhatA hai / vaha rAjA yazovarmA ke rAjadarabAra meM rahatA thaa| bhavabhUti, bhAsa, jvalanamitra, kuntideva, raghukAra, subaMdhu aura harizcandra kA prazaMsaka thaa|

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gauDavaho nyAya, chaMda aura purANoM kA vaha paMDita thaa| paMDitoM ke anurodha para usane yaha kAvya likhanA AraMbha kiyA thaa| yazovarmA ke guNoM kA varNana karate hue kavi ne saMsAra kI asAratA, durjana, sajjana, aura svAdhIna sukha Adi kA varNana kiyA hai / dekhiye pecchaha vivarIyamimaM bahuyA mairA maei Na hu thovA / lacchI uNa thovA jaha maei Na tahA ira bahuyA // -dekho, kitanI viparIta bAta hai, bahuta madirA kA pAna karane se nazA car3hatA hai, thor3I kA karane se nahIM / lekina thor3IsI lakSmI jitanA manuSya ko madamatta banA detI hai, utanA adhika lakSmI nahIM bnaatii| eka dUsarI vyaMgyokti dekhiyepatthivagharesu guNiNovi NAma jai kevi sAvayAsa vva / jaNasAmaNNaM taM tANa kiMpi aNNaM ciya nimittaM / / -yadi koI guNI vyakti rAjagRhoM meM pahu~ca jAtA hai to isakA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki janasAdhAraNa kI vahA~ taka pahu~ca hai, athavA isameM anya koI kAraNa ho sakatA hai, usake guNa to isameM kadApi kAraNa nahIM haiN| eka nIti kA padya suniye tuMgAvaloyaNe hoi vimhao NIyadasaNe sNkaa| jaha pecchaMtANa giriM jaheya avaiM NiyaMtANa // -U~ce AdamI ko dekhakara vismaya hotA hai aura nIca ko dekhakara zaMkA | udAharaNa ke liye, kisI pahAr3a ko dekhakara vismaya aura kue~ ko dekhakara zaGkA hotI hai| yaza ke sthAyitva ke sambandha meM kavi ne likhA haikAlavasA NAsamuvAgayassa sappurisajasasarIrassa / aTThilavAyaMti karhipi viralaviralA gunnggaaraa|| -kAla ke vaza se nAza ko prApta satpuruSa kA yaza mRta puruSa kI haDDiyoM kI bhA~ti kabhI-kabhI smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / 38prA0 sA0

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594 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vairAgya kI mahattA kA pradarzana karate hue kavi ne kahA hai soceya kiM Na rAo mottUNa bahucchalAiM gehaaii| purisA ramaMti baddhajjharesu jaM kaannnnNtesu|| -kyA yaha rAga nahIM kahA jAyegA ki aneka chala-chidroM se pUrNa gRhavAsa kA tyAga kara purupa jharanoM se zobhita kAnanoM meM ramaNa karate haiM ? hRdaya ko samajhAte hue vaha likhatA haihiyaya ! kahiM pi Nisambhasu kittiyamAsAhao kilimmihisi | dINo vi varaM ekkassa Na uNa sayalAe puhviie|| -he hRdaya ! kahIM eka sthAna para vizrAma karo, nirAza hokara kabataka bhaTakate phiroge ? samasta pRthvImaNDala kI apekSA kisI eka kA dIna banakara rahanA zreyaskara hai| anta meM kavi ne sUryAsta, saMdhyA, candra, kAmiyoM kI carcA, zayanagamana ke liye autsukya, priyatamA kA samAgama, pariraMbha aura prabhAta Adi kA varNana kara yazovarmA kI stuti kI hai| / mahumahaviaa (madhumathavijaya ) vAkpatirAja' kI dUsarI racanA hai madhumathavijaya jisakA vAkpatirAja ne apane gauDavaho meM ullekha kiyA hai| durbhAgya se yaha kRti aba naSTa ho gaI hai| isakA ullekha abhinavagupta (dhvanyAloka 152.15 kI dIkA meM) ne kiyA hai, isase isa graMtha kI lokapriyatA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| hemacandra ne apane kAvyAnuzAsana kI alaGkAracUDAmaNivRtti (1.24 pR0 81) meM isa grantha kI nimnalikhita gAthA uddhata kI hai lIlAdADhagguvUDhasayalamahimaMDalassa cia ajja | kIsa muNAlAharaNaM pi tujha garuAi aMgammi / harivijaya . harivijaya ke racayitA sarvasena haiN| yaha kRti bhI anupalabdha hai / hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana kI alaGkAracUDAmaNi (pRSTha 171

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visamabANalIlA 595 aura 461 ) aura viveka (pRSTha 458, 456) nAma kI TIkAoM meM rAvaNavijaya, setubaMdha tathA zizupAlavadha aura kirAtArjunIya Adi ke sAtha isakA ullekha kiyA hai| Anandavardhana ke dhvanyAloka ( udyota 3, pR0 127) aura bhoja ke sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa meM bhI harivijaya kA ullekha milatA hai| rAvaNavijaya hemacandra ne apane kAvyAnuzAsana meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai / alaMkAracUDAmaNi (pR0 456 ) meM isakA eka padya uddhRta hai| visamabANalIlA viSamabANalIlA ke kartA Anandavardhana haiN| unhoMne apane dhvanyAloka ( udyota 2, pR0 111, udyota 4, pR0 241) meM isa kRti kA ullekha karate hue viSamavANalIlA kI eka prAkRta gAthA uddhRta kI hai | AcArya hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana kI alaMkAracUDAmaNi (1-24, pR0 81) meM madhumathavijaya ke sAtha viSamabANalIlA kA ullekha kiyA hai / isa kRti kI eka prAkRta gAthA bhI yahA~ (pR074) uddhRta hai taM tANa sirisahoararayaNA haraNammi hiayamikarasaM / biMbAhare piANaM nivesiyaM kusumabANeNa // 9 lIlAvaI (lIlAvatI) bhUSaNabhaTTa ke suputra koUhala nAmaka brAhmaNa ne apanI patnI ke Agraha para 'marahaTThandesibhAsA' meM lIlAvaI nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kI hai| isa kathA meM devaloka aura mAnavaloka ke pAtra hone ke kAraNa ise divya-mAnuSI kathA kahA gayA hai| jaina prAkRta kathA-granthoM kI bhA~ti yaha kathA-grantha dhArmika athavA upadezAtmaka nahIM hai| isameM pratiSThAna ke rAjA sAtavAhana aura 1. DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI meM 1949 meM prakAzita /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa siMhaladeza kI rAjakumArI lIlAvatI kI premakathA kA varNana hai| gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 1800 hai; ye gAthAe~ prAyaH anuSTup chanda meM likhI gaI haiM, kucha vAkya gadya meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| grantha-racanA kA kAla IsavI san kI lagabhaga 8vIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| prantha kI zailI alaMkRta aura sAhityika hai, bhApA pravAhapUrNa hai| aneka sthAnoM para prAkRtika dRzyoM ke sundara citraNa hai / malaya deza, keralA Adi kA varNana hai / rASTrakUTa aura solaMkiyoM kA nAma bhI AyA hai| varNana-zailI se pratIta hotA hai ki granthakAra kavi kAlidAsa, subandhu aura bANabhaTTa Adi kI racanAoM se paricita the| isa grantha para lIlAvatI-kathA-vRtti nAmaka saMskRta TIkA hai jisake kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ye TIkAkAra gujarAta ke rahanevAle zvetAmbara jaina the jo IsavI san 1172 aura 1404 ke bIca vidyamAna the| kuvalayAvalI rAjA vipulAzaya aura apsarA raMbhA se utpanna kanyA thii| vaha gandharvakumAra citrAMgada ke premapAza meM par3a gaI aura donoM ne gaMdharvavidhi se vivAha kara liyaa| kuvalayAvalI ke pitA ko jaba isa bAta kA patA lagA to usane kruddha hokara citrAMgada ko zApa diyA jisase vaha bhISaNAnana nAma kA rAkSasa bana gyaa| kuvalayAvalI ne nirAza hokara AtmahatyA karanA cAhA, lekina raMbhA ne upasthita hokara use dhIraja baMdhAyA aura use yakSarAja nalakUbara ke supurda kara diyaa| vidyAdhara haMsa ke vasaMtazrI aura zaradazrI nAma kI do kanyAyeM thiiN| vasaMtazrI kA vivAha nalakubera ke sAtha huA thA / mahAnumatI inakI putrI thI / mahAnumatI aura kuvalayAvalI donoM meM bar3I prIti thii| eka bAra ve donoM vimAna meM baiThakara malaya parvata para gaI| vahA~ siddhakumAriyoM ke sAtha jhUlA jhUlate hue mahAnumati aura siddhakumAra mAdhavAnila kA paraspara prema ho gyaa| ghara lauTane para mahAnumati apane priya ke viraha se vyAkula rahane laga ' bAda meM patA calA ki mAdhavAnila ko koI zatru

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lIlAvaI bhagAkara pAtAlaloka meM le gayA hai| mahAnumati aura usakI sakhI kuvalayAvalI manoratha-siddhi ke liye godAvarI ke taTa para pahu~ca kara bhavAnI kI upAsanA karane lgiiN| lIlAvatI siMhalarAja zilAmegha aura vasaMtazrI kI bahana zAradazI kI putrI thii| eka bAra vaha pratiSThAna ke rAjA sAtavAhana (hAla) kA citra dekhakara mohita ho gaI; vaha use kevala svapna meM dekhA krtii| apane mAtA-pitA kI AjJA lekara lIlAvatI apane priya kI khoja meM clii| apane dala ke sAtha vaha godAvarI taTa para pahuMcI aura yahA~ apanI mausI kI kanyA mahAnumatI se mila gii| tInoM virahiNiyA~ eka sAtha rahane lgiiN| idhara apane rAjya kA vistAra karane kI icchA se rAjA sAtavAhana ne siMhalarAja para AkramaNa kara diyA / rAjA ke senApati vijayAnaMda ne salAha dI ki siMhalarAja se maitrI rakhanA hI ucita hogA / sAtavAhana ne vijayAnaMda ko apanA dUta banAkara bhejaa| vaha rAmezvara hotA huA siMhala ke liye ravAnA huaa| lekina mArga meM tUphAna Ane ke kAraNa nAva TUTa jAne se godAvarI ke taTa para hI ruka jAnA pdd'aa| yahA~ para use eka nagna pAzupata ke darzana hue | patA lagA ki siMhalarAja kI putrI lIlAvatI apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha yahIM para nivAsa karatI hai| vijayAnaMda ne sAtavAhana ke pAsa pahu~cakara use sArA vRttAnta sunAyA / sAtavAhana ne lIlAvatI ke sAtha vivAha karane kI icchA vyakta kii| lekina lIlAvatI ne yaha kaha kara inkAra kara diyA ki jaba taka mahAnumatI kA usake pati ke sAtha punarmilana na hogA taba taka vaha vivAha na kregii| yaha sunakara rAjA sAtavAhana apane guru nAgArjuna ke sAtha pAtAlaloka meM pahu~cA aura usane mAdhavAnila kA uddhAra kiyaa| apanI rAjadhAnI meM lauTakara usane bhISaNAnana rAkSasa para AkramaNa kiyA jisase coTa khAte hI vaha eka suMdara rAjakumAra bana gayA / aba rAjA sAtavAhana, gaMdharvakumAra citrAMgada aura mAdhavAnila tInoM eka sthAna para mile | citrAMgad aura kuvalayAvalI tathA mAdhavAnila aura mahAnumatI kA vivAha

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598 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ho gyaa| rAjA sAtavAhana aura lIlAvatI kA vivAha bhI bar3I sajadhaja ke sAtha sampanna huaa| kumAriyoM ke saMbaMdha meM kahA haisavvAu cciya kumarIo kulahare jA Na hu~ti trunniio| tAva cciya salahijjati Na uNa Nava-jovvaNAraMbhe // -kuladhara kI samasta kumAriyA~ tabhI taka acchI lagatI hai jaba taka ki ve taruNa hokara yauvana avasthA ko prApta nahIM krtii| phira kahA gayA hai Na uNo dhUyAe samaM citta-kkhaNayaM jaNassa jiya-loe / hiyaicchio varo tihuyaNe vi dulaho kumArINaM / / / -isa saMsAra meM logoM ko apanI kanyA jaisI aura koI cIja mana ko kaSTadAyI nahIM hotii| kanyA ke liye manacAhA vara tIna lokoM meM bhI milanA durlabha hai| daiva ke saMbaMdha meM ukti dekhiyetaha vi hu mA tamma tumaM mA jhurasu mA vimuMca attANaM / ko dei harai ko vA suhAsuhaM jassa jaM vihiyaM / / -phira bhI kisI hAlata meM saMtapta nahIM honA cAhiye, kheda nahIM karanA cAhiye, apane ApakA parityAga nahIM kara denA caahiye| kyoMki jo sukha-dukha jisake liye vihita hai use na koI de sakatA hai aura na chIna hI sakatA hai| . kumAravAlacariya ( kumArapAlacarita) kumArapAlacarita ko vyAzrayakAvya bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake kartA kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandra haiM jinhoMne vyAkaraNa, kopa, alaMkAra aura chanda Adi viSayoM para apanI lekhanI calAI hai| jisaprakAra aSTAdhyAyI kA jJAna karAne ke lie bhaTTi kavi ne bhaTTikAvya kI racanA kI hai, usI prakAra hemacandra AcArya ne. (janma san 1. DAkTara pI0 ela0 dvArA sampAdita, bhAMDArakAra oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa, pUnA se 1936 ke prakAzita /

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kumAravAlacariya 1088) siddhahemavyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko samajhAne ke liye kumArapAlacarita kI racanA kI hai| hemacandra kA yaha mahAkAvya do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / prathama bhAga meM siddhahema ke sAta adhyAyoM meM ullikhita saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke niyama samajhAte hue solaMkI vaMza ke mUlarAja se lagAkara jainadharma ke upAsaka kumArapAla taka ke itihAsa kA 20 sargoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt dvitIya bhAga meM AThaveM adhyAya meM ullikhita prAkRtavyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko spaSTa karate hue rAjA kumArapAla ke yuddha Adi kA ATha soM meM varNana hai| isa prakAra isa kAvya se dohare uddezya kI siddhi hotI hai, eka ora kumArapAla ke carita kA varNana ho jAtA hai, dUsarI ora saMskRta aura prAkRtavyAkaraNa ke niyama samajha meM A jAte haiN| antima do sargoM kI racanA zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikApaizAcI aura apabhraMza bhASA meM hai| saMskRta dvathAzrayakAvya ke TIkAkAra abhayatilakagaNi aura prAkRta dvathAzrayakAvya ke TIkAkAra pUrNakalazagaNi haiN| prAkRta dvathAzrayakAvya (kumArapAla carita) kA yahA~ saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai| prathama sarga meM aNahillanagara kA varNana hai / yahA~ rAjA kumArapAla rAjya karatA thA, usane apanI bhujAoM ke bala se vasundharA ko jItA thA, vaha nyAyapUrvaka rAjya calAtA thaa| prAtaHkAla ke samaya mahArASTra Adi deza se Aye hue stutipAThaka apanI sUktiyoM dvArA use jagAte the / zayana se uThakara rAjA prAtaHkRtya karatA, dvija loga use AzIrvAda dete; vaha tilaka lagAtA, dhRSTa aura adhRSTa logoM kI vijJapti sunatA, mAtRgRha meM praveza karatA, lakSmI kI pUjA karatA, tatpazcAt vyAyAmazAlA meM jaataa| dUsare sarga meM vyAyAma ke prakAra batAye gaye haiN| vaha hAthI para savAra hokara jinamandira meM darzana ke liye jAtA, vahA~ jinendra bhagavAn kI stuti karane ke pazcAt jinapratimA kA stavana karatA, phira saGgIta kA kAryakrama hotaa| usake bAda apane azva para ArUr3ha hokara vaha dhavalagRha ko lauTa jaataa| tIsare sarga meM rAjA udyAna

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600 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa meM krIDA ke lie jaataa| isa prasaGga para vasanta Rtu kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ vANArasI ke ThagoM kA ullekha hai| strI-puruSoM kI vividha krIDAoM kA ullekha hai AsaNaThiAi ghariNIi gahavaI maMpiUNa acchiiii| __ hasiro mottuM saMkaM cuMbia antaM saDho muio / / -Asana para baiThI huI apanI gRhiNI kI A~kheM banda karake koI zaTha puruSa nizzaMka bhAva se kisI anya strI kA cumbana lekara prasanna ho rahA hai| mA souANa aliaM kuppa maIA si tumhakero haiM / ia keNa vi aNuNIA NiayapiA pANiNI ajaDA // -(sakhI dvArA kahe hue) mithyA vacana ko sunakara tU Rddha mata ho; tU merI hai, maiM terA hU~, isa prakAra kisI ne pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke rUpoM dvArA apanI vicakSaNa priyA ko prasanna kiyA / cauthe sarga meM grISma Rtu meM jalakrIDA kA varNana hai| pA~caveM sarga meM varSA, hemanta aura zizira RtuoM kA varNana hai / padmAvatI devI ke pUjana kI taiyArI kI jA rahI hai| isa prasaMga para lekhaka ne yuSmad zabda ke eka vacana aura bahuvacana ke rUpoM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM taM tuM tuvaM tuha tumaM ANeha navAI niivkusumaaiN| bhe tumbhe tumhoyahe tumhe tujjhAsaNaM deha / / -he sakhi / tU , tU , tU, tU aura tU ( taM, tu, tuvaM, tuha, tumaye yuSmad zabda ke prathamA ke eka vacana ke rUpa hai)-tuma saba nUtana nIpa ke puSpa laao| aura he sakhiyo ! tuma, tuma, tuma, tuma aura tuma (bhe, tubbhe, tumhorahe, tumhe aura tujha ye yuSmad zabda ke bahuvacana ke rUpa haiM)tuma saba Asana laao| ___udyAna se lauTakara rAjA kumArapAla apane mahala meM A jAte haiN| ve sandhyAkarma karate haiN| sandhyA ke samaya vidyAdhyayana karanevAle vidyArthI nirbhaya hokara krIDA karane lagate haiN| cakavA aura cakavI kA viraha ho jAtA hai|

Page #610
601 kumAravAlacariya chaThe sarga meM candrodaya kA varNana hai| kumArapAla maNDapikA meM baiThate haiM, purohita mantrapATha karatA hai, bAje bajate haiM, vAravanitAyeM thAlI meM dIpaka rakhakara upasthita hotI haiM / rAjA ke samakSa zreSThI, sArthavAha Adi mahAjana Asana grahaNa karate haiM, rAjadUta kucha dUrI para baiThate haiM / tatpazcAt sAMdhivihika rAjA ke bala-vIrya kA yazogAna karatA huA vijJaptipATha karatA hai___ 'he rAjan ! Apake yoddhAoM ne koMkaNa deza meM pahuMcakara mallikArjuna nAmaka koMkaNAdhIza kI senA ke sAtha yuddha kiyA aura isa yuddha meM mallikArjuna mArA gyaa| phira Apane dakSiNa dizA kI digvijaya kI, pazcima meM sindhudeza meM ApakI AjJA zirodhArya kI gaI, yavanAdhIza ne Apake bhaya se tAMbUla kA sevana karanA tyAga diyA, tathA vArANasI, magadha, gauDa, kAnyakubja, cedi, mathurA aura dillI Adi nareza Apake vazavartI ho gaye / ' vijJapti sunane ke pazcAt rAjA kumArapAla zayana karane cale jAte haiN| sAtaveM sarga meM sokara uThane ke pazcAt rAjA paramArtha kI cintA karatA hai / yahA~ jIva ke saMsAraparibhramaNa, strIsaMgatyAga, sthUlabhadra, varSi, gautamasvAmI, abhayakumAra Adi munimahAtmAoM kI prazaMsA, jinavacana ke hRdayaMgama karane se mokSa kI prApti, paMcaparameSThiyoM ko namaskAra, zrutadevI kI stuti Adi kA varNana hai / zrutadevI rAjA kumArapAla ko pratyakSa darzana detI hai aura rAjA usase upadeza dene kI prArthanA karatA hai / striyoM ke sambandha meM ukti dekhiye mAyAi uddhamAyA ahiremia-tucchayAi aMgumiA / cavalattaM pUriAo ko tuvarai tthumitthiio|| -mAyA se pUrNa, pUrI tucchatA se bharI huI aura capalatA se pRrita striyoM ko dekhane kI kauna icchA karegA ? (yahA~ pUr dhAtu ke udghamAyA, ahiremia, aMgumiA aura pUriAo nAmaka AdezoM ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiM ) /

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602 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zrutadevI ke dhyAna kA mahattvakhambhai kubohaselo khaNijae mUlao vi pAva-tarU / hammai kalI haNijjai kammaM sua-devi-mANeNa // -zrutadevI ke dhyAna se kubodha rUpI zaila vidIrNa ho jAtA hai, pAparUpI vRkSa kI jar3a unmUlita ho jAtI hai, kalikAla naSTa ho jAtA hai aura karmoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| (yahA~ khambhai, khaNijjai, hammai aura haNijjai rUpoM ke udAharaNa diye haiN)| ___ sAtaveM sarga kI 63 vI gAthA taka prAkRta bhASA ke udAharaNa samApta ho jAte haiN| usake bAda zaurasenI ke udAharaNa calate haiM tAyadha samagga-puddhi tAyaha samgaM pi bhodu tuha bhaI / hodu jayassottaMso tui kittIe apuravAe // -he narendra ! tU samagra pRthvI kA pAlana kara, svarga kI rakSA kara, terA kalyANa ho; terI apUrva kIrti se jagat kA utkarpa ho / AThaveM sarga meM zrutadevI ke upadeza kA varNana hai| isameM mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikApaizAcI aura apabhraMza ke udAharaNa prastuta haiN| mAgadhI kA udAharaNa puje nizAda-paca supaJcale yadi-pagheNa vajante / zayala-yaya-vazcalattaM gazcante lahadi palamapadaM / -puNyAtmA, kuzAgra prajJAvAlA, suprAJjala, yatimArga kA anusaraNa karatA huA, sakala jaga kI vatsalatA kA AcaraNa karatA huA paramapada ko prApta karatA hai| paizAcI kA udAharaNayati ariha-paramamaMto paDhiyyate kIrate na jIvabadho / yAtisa-tAtisa-jAtI tato jano nivvutiM yAti / / -yadi koI ahaMta ke parama mantra kA pATha karatA hai, jIvavadha nahIM karatA, to aisI-vaisI jAti kA hotA huA bhI vaha nirvRti ko prApta hotA hai|

Page #612
kumAravAlacariya 603 cUlikApaizAcI kA udAharaNa macchara-DamarUka-bherI-DhakkA-jImUta-ghosA vi| bahmaniyojitamappaM jassa na dolinti so dho|| -jhacchara ( aDAuja), DamarU, bherI aura paTaha inakA megha ke samAna gambhIra ghoSa bhI jisakI brahma-niyojita AtmA ko dolAyamAna nahIM karatA, vaha dhanya hai| apabhraMza kA udAharaNa ubbhiyabAha asArau savvu vi / ma bhami ku-tithia-par3heM muhiA parihari tRNu jimva savvu vi bhava-suha puttA tuha mai eu khiaa|| -he putra ! maiMne apanI bhujAyeM Upara uThAkara tujha se kahA hai ki saba kucha asAra hai, tU vyartha hI kutIrthoM ke pIche mata phira, samasta saMsAra ke sukha ko tRNa ke samAna tyAga de| satya kI mahimA pratipAdanataM bolliai ju saccu para imu dhammakkharu jANi / eho paramatthA ehu sivu eha suha-rayaNaha~ khANi / / -jo satya hai, vaha parama hai, use dharma kA rahasya jAna, yahI paramArtha hai, yahI ziva hai aura yahI ratnoM kI khAna hai| azubha bhAvoM ke tyAga kA upadeza kAya-kuDallI niru athira jIviyaDau calu ehu / e jANivi bhava-dosaDA asuhau bhAvu caehu / / -kAyarUpI kuTIra nitAMta asthira hai, jIvana caJcala hai, isa prakAra saMsAra ke doSa jAnakara azubha bhAvoM kA tyAga kr| siriciMdhakavva (zrIcihnakAvya ) jaise bhaTTikavi ne aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kA jJAna karAne ke liye bhaTTikAvya (rAvaNavadha), aura AcArya hemacandra ne siddhahema ke sUtroM kA jJAna karAne ke liye prAkRtadva-yAzraya kAvya kI racanA kI hai, usI prakAra vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza aura trivikrama ke

Page #613
604 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prAkRtavyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko spaSTa karane ke liye zrIcihnakAvya athavA govindAbhiSeka kI racanA kI gaI hai| isa kAvya ke pratyeka sarga ke anta meM zrIzabda kA prayoga huA hai, isaliye ise zrIcihna kahA gayA hai| yaha kAvya 12 sagoM meM hai, isake . kartA kA nAma kRSNalIlAzuka hai jo kavi sarvabhauma nAma se prasiddha the aura kodaMDamaMgala yA vilvamaMgala nAma se bhI kahe jAte the| kRSNalIlAzuka kerala ke nivAsI the, inakA samaya IsavI san kI 13vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| kRSNalIlAzuka ne zrIcihnakAvya ke kevala 8 sagoM kI racanA kI hai, zepa cAra sarga zrIcihnakAvya ke TIkAkAra durgAprasAda yati ne likhe haiN| durgAprasAda yati kI saMskRta TIkA vidvattApUrNa hai, aura binA TIkA ke kAvya kA artha samajha meM AnA kaThina hai| prAkRtavyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kA anukaraNa karane ke kAraNa isa kAvya meM zuSkatA adhika A gaI hai, jisase kAvya-sauSThava kama ho gayA hai| janasaMparka se dUra ho jAne para prAkRta bhASAyeM jaba antima zvAsa le rahI thIM to unheM prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kI sahAyatA se kRtrimatA pradAna kara kisa prakAra jIvita rakkhA jA rahA thA, usakA yaha kAvya eka udAharaNa hai| ___ isa kAvya meM kRSNa kI lIlA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| nimnalikhita gAthAoM meM prAkRtaprakAza ke udAharaNa diye haiM Isi-pikka phala-pAave mahAveDise viaNa-pallave vaNe / so jaNo asuiNo a-pAvaIgAlaammi lasio miaMgio // 1.6 // Isapakka phalae isa-sthalI veDase vaaNa-pallave Thio / 1. DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye ne isa kAvya ke prathama sarga kA saMpAdana bhAratIya vidyA 3.1 meM kiyA hai|

Page #614
soricarita 605 so saNo asiviNo a-pAvaaM gAlae mahivaNe muaMgao // 17 // vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza (1.3) meM ISat , pakva, svapna, vetasa, vyajana, mRdaGga aura aMgAra zabdoM ke kramazaH Isi-Isa, pika-pakkA, savaNa-siviNa, veasa-veisa, vaaNa-viaNa, muaMgamuiMga aura aMgAla-iMgAla prAkRta rUpa samajhAye haiN| inameM Isi, pika, veDisa (prAkRtaprakAza meM vaisa rUpa hai), viaNa, asuiNa (prAkRtaprakAza meM asavaNa), iMgAla aura miaMga (prAkRtaprakAza meM muiMga); tathA Isa, pakka, veDasa, (prAkRtaprakAza meM veasa ), vaaNa, asiviNa, aMgAla aura muaMga rUpoM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| soricarita (zauricarita ) durbhAgya se zauricaritra kI pUrNa prati abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huI hai| madrAsa kI prati meM isake kula cAra AzvAsa prApta hue haiN| zauricarita ke kartA kA nAma zrIkaNTha hai, ye malAbAra meM kola-ttunADa ke rAjA keralavarman kI rAjasabhA ke eka bahuzruta paNDita the / IsavI san 1700 meM unhoMne zauricarita kI yamaka kAvya meM racanA kI hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra zrIkaNTha kA samaya IsavI san kI 15vIM zatAbdI kA prathamAdha mAnA gayA hai| raghUdaya zrIkaNTha kI dUsarI racanA hai jo saMskRta meM hai aura yaha bhI yamaka kAvya meM likhI gaI hai| zrIkaNTha ke ziSya rudramizra ne zauricarita aura raghUdaya donoM para vidvattApUrNa TIkAyeM likhI haiN| zauricarita kI TIkA meM vararuci aura trivikrama ke prAkRlakSyAkaraNa ke AdhAra se zabdoM ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| zauricarita meM kRSNa ke carita kA citraNa hai| kAvyacAturya isameM jagaha-jagaha dikhAI par3atA hai, pratyeka gAthA meM 1. DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne jarnala oNva da yunivarsiTI oNva bambaI, jilda 12, 1943-45 meM isa kAvya ke prathama AzvAsa ko sampAdita kiyA hai|

Page #615
606 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa yamaka alaMkAra kA prayoga huA hai | saMskRta kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| grantha durUha hai aura binA TIkA kI sahAyatA ke samajhanA kaThina hai| nimnalikhita uddharaNoM se isa grantha ke racanAvaiziSTya kA patA laga sakatA hai raa-ruiraMga tANaM ghettUNaM va aMgaNammi raMgatANaM / cuMbai mAA mahiA bala-kaNhANaM muhAi maaaa-mhiaa|| -dhUli se dhUsarita aMgavAle AMgana meM reMgate hue baladeva aura kRSNa ko uThAkara pUjanIya mAtA unheM cuMbane lagI, vaha mAyA ke vaza meM ho gii| kRSNa kI krIDA kA citraNa dekhiyejo Nicco rAaMto ramAvaI so vi gvv-coraaaNto| vaa-bahu-baddho saMto saddo vva Thii-ccuo abaddho sNto|| -jo (kRSNa) nitya zobhA ko prApta hote hue, gAyoM ke dUdha kI corI karate hue, brajabanitA yazodA ke dvArA (okhalI se) bA~dha diye gaye, phira bhI ve zAnta rahe ; maryAdA se cyuta zabda kI bhA~ti ve abaddha hI rhe| bhuMgasaMdeza zauricarita kI bhA~ti durbhAgya se zRMgasaMdeza kI bhI pUrNa prati upalabdha nahIM ho skii|' isa grantha kI eka apUrNa prati trivendrama ke pustakAlaya se milI hai| granthakartA kI bhA~ti grantha ke TIkAkAra kA nAma bhI ajJAta hai| TIkAkAra ne apanI TIkA meM meghadUta, zAkuntala, karpUramaJjarI tathA vararuci aura trivikrama ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa se sUtra uddhRta kiye haiN| prAkRta kA yaha kAvya meghadUta ke anukaraNa para maMdAkrAntA chanda meM likhA gayA hai AlAvaM se aha sumahuraM kUiaM koilANaM / aMgaM pAo uNa kisalaaM ANaNaM aMbujamma 1. DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye ne isa kAmya kI chaha gAthAyeM . priMsipala karamarakara kamomarezana volyUma, pUnA, 1948 meM saMpAdita kI haiN|

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bhuMgasaMdeza 607 NettaM bhiMgaM saha piaayaM tassa mAA-pahAvA / so kappaMto viraha-sarisiM taM dasa pttvNto|| -vaha virahI usakI mAyA ke prabhAva se apanI priyA ke samadhura AlApa ko kokila kA kUjana, usake aMga ko kisalaya, mukha ko kamala aura netroM ko priyatama bhaMga samajha kara usa virahasahaza dazA ko prApta huaa| sAhityadarpaNa meM haMsasaMdeza aura kuvalAyazvacarita nAma ke prAkRta kAvyoM kA ullekha hai| ye kAvya milate nahIM haiN| V kaMsavaho (kaMsavadha) kaMsavaho zrImadbhAgavata ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai / isa khaMDa-kAvya meM cAra sagoM meM 233 padyoM meM kaMsavadha kA varNana hai| saMskRta ke aneka chanda aura alaMkAroM kA isa kAvya meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA mahArASTrI hai, kahIM zaurasenI ke rUpa bhI mila jAte haiM / prAkRta ke anya prAcIna granthoM kI bhA~ti kisI prAnta kI janasAdhAraNa kI bolI ke AdhAra se yaha grantha nahIM likhA gayA, balki vararuci Adi ke prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kA adhyayana karake isakI racanA kI gaI hai| isaliye isakI bhASA ko zuddha sAhityika prAkRta kahanA ThIka hogaa| kaMsavaho ke kartA rAmapANivAdaM viSNu ke bhakta the, ve keraladeza ke nivAsI the| inakI racanAyeM, saMskRta, malayAlama aura prAkRta ina tInoM bhASAoM meM milatI haiN| saMskRta meM inhoMne nATaka, kAvya aura stotroM kI racanA kI hai| prAkRta meM prAkRtavRtti (vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza kI TIkA ), usANirUddha aura kaMsavaho kI racanA kI hai| inakI zailI saMskRta se prabhAvita hai, vizeSakara mAgha ke zizupAlavadha kA prabhAva inakI racanA para par3A hai| pANivAda kA samaya IsavI san 1707 se 1775 taka mAnA gayA hai|' 1. dekhiye kaMsavaho kI bhUmikA / yaha grantha DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita san 1940 meM hindI grantha ranAkAra kAryAlaya, bambaI se prakAzita huA hai|

Page #617
608 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pahale sarga meM akUra gokula pahu~ca kara kRSNa aura balarAma ko kaMsa kA sandeza detA hai ki dhanuSa-utsava ke bahAne kaMsa ne una donoM ko mathurA Amantrita kiyA hai| tInoM ratha para savAra hokara mathurA ke liye prasthAna karate haiM / akUra kRSNa ke viyoga se dukhI gopiyoM ko upadeza dete haiN| dUsare sarga meM kRSNa aura balarAma mathurA pahu~ca jAte haiN| kodaMDazAlA meM pahu~cakara kRSNa bAta kI bAta meM dhanuSa tor3a dete haiM / mathurA nagarI kA yahA~ sarasa varNana hai jisameM kavi ne upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, dRSTAnta Adi kA prayoga kiyA hai iha kaMcaNa-geha kati-litte / gaaNe baal-dinnesmohmohaa|| vihaDei Na digdhiAsu digdhaM / raaNIaM pi rahaMgaNAma juggaM // -yahA~ para AkAza sone ke bane hue bhavanoM kI kAMti se vyApta rahatA hai, isaliye cakravAkoM ke yugala use bAlasUrya samajha kara, dIrghikAoM meM, rAtri ke samaya bhI dIrghakAla taka alaga nahIM hote| mathurA nagarI sAkSAt svarga ke samAna jAna par3atI haigaMdhavvA Na kimetya saMti Na hu kiM vijjati vijAharA / kiMvA cArU Na cAraNANa a kulaM jiNaMti No kiNnnraa|| kiM NeaM sumaNANa dhAma kimaho NAho mahiMdo Na se / saggo cveva vasUNa ThANamiNamo rammaM sudhammujjalaM // -kyA yahA~ gandharva (nAyaka) nahIM hai ? kyA yahA~ vidyAdhara (vidyA ke jJAtA) nahIM haiM ? kyA yahA~ sundara cAraNoM (stutipAThakoM ) kA samUha nahIM hai ? kyA yahA~ vijayI kiMnara (vividha prakAra ke manuSya) nahIM haiM ? kyA yahA~ sumanoM (deva; sajjana puruSa) kA ghara nahIM hai ? kyA yahA~ mahendra (indra rAjA) nahIM rahatA 1 vasu (deva; dhana ) kA yaha sthAna sudharma (sudharmA ; zreSTha dharma) se ramya hai, jo pratyakSa svarga hI pratIta hotA hai|

Page #618
usANiruddha 609. tIsare sarga meM baMdijana prAtaHkAla upasthita hokara sote. hue kRSNa aura balarAma ko uThAte haiN| ve prAtaHkAla uThakara nagarI ke dvAra para pahu~cate haiN| cANUra aura muSTika nAmaka malloM se unakA yuddha hotA hai| kaDDhaMtA kara-jualeNa jANu-jaMghA / saMghaTTa-kkhuDia-vilitta-ratta-gattA // uddAmabbhamaNa-dhuNaMta-bhUmi-akkA / vikati vivihamimA samArahati // -(ye yuddha karanevAle ) donoM hAthoM se (pratimalla ke) jAnu aura javAoM ko khIMcate haiM, saMgharSa ke kAraNa yuddha meM unake zarIra TUTa gaye haiM aura rakta se lipta ho gaye haiM, aura jinake uddAma bhramaNa se bhUmicakra kA~pa uThA hai, isa prakAra ve vividha prakAra kA vikrama AraMbha kara rahe haiN| ___ kaMsa kRSNa aura balarAma ko jela meM DAla denA cAhatA hai, lekina vaha unake hAtha se mArA jAtA hai / isa para deva jaya jayakAra karate haiM aura svarga se puSpoM kI varSA hotI hai| ___ antima sarga meM, kaMsa ke marane se logoM ke mana ko AnaMda hotA hai, kula kI bAlikAyeM aba svatantratA se vicaraNa kara sakatI haiM aura yuvakajana yatheccharUpa se krIDA kara sakate haiN| ugrasena rAjA ke pada para AsIna hotA hai aura kRSNa apane mAtA-pitA ko kArAgAra se mukta karate haiN| isa prasaGga para kRSNa kI bAlalIlAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / prAkRta ke dustara samudra ko pAra karane ke liye apane kAvya ko kavi ne samudra kA taTa batAyA hai| usANiruddha usANiruddha ke kartA bhI rAmapANivAda haiM, kaMsavaho kI bhA~ti yaha bhI eka khaNDakAvya hai jo cAra sargoM meM vibhakta hai|' 1. DAkTara kunahana rAjA dvArA sampAdita, aDiyAra lAibrerI, madrAsa se san 1943 meM prakAzita / 39 prA0 sA0

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610 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa uSA aura aniruddha kI kathA zrImadbhAgavata se lI gaI hai| isa para rAjazekhara kI karpUramaJjarI kA prabhAva spaSTa hai / yahA~ vividha chanda aura alaGkAroM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bANa kI kanyA uSA anirUddha ko svapna meM dekhatI hai| use pracchannarUpa se uSA ke ghara lAyA jAtA hai aura vaha vahA~ raha kara usake sAtha krIDA karane lagatA hai| eka dina naukaroM ko patA laga jAtA hai, aura ve isa bAta kI khabara rAjA ko dete haiN| rAjA aniruddha ko pakar3a kara jela meM DAla detA hai| upA usake viraha meM vilApa karatI hai / dUsare sarga meM, jaba kRSNa ko patA lagatA hai ki unake pautra ko jela meM DAla diyA gayA hai to ve bANa ke sAtha yuddha karane Ate haiN| bANa kI senA parAjita ho jAtI hai aura bANa kI sahAyatA karanevAle ziva kRSNa kI stuti karane lagate haiN| tIsare sarga meM bANa apanI kanyA uSA kA vivAha aniruddha se kara detA hai| kRSNa dvArakA lauTa jAte haiN| antima sarga meM nagara kI nAriyA~ apanA kAma chor3a kara upA aura aniruddha ko dekhane ke liye jaldIjaldI AtI haiN| koI kaMkaNa ke sthAna para aMgada pahana letI hai, koI karadhaunI ke sthAna para apanI kaTI meM hAra pahana letI hai, koI prayANa karane ke kAraNa apanI zithila nIvI ko hAtha se pakar3a kara calatI hai| vividha krIDAoM meM rata raha kara upA aura aniruddha samaya yApana karate haiN| -ofetoo

Page #620
nATaka nauvA~ adhyAya saMskRta nATakoM meM prAkRta ( IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI se lekara 18 vIM zatAbdI taka) nATakoM meM prAkRtoM ke rUpa prAkRta bhASAoM kA prathama nATakIya prayoga saMskRta nATakoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / bharatamuni ne apane nATyazAstra (17. 31.43) meM dhIrodAtta aura dhIraprazAnta nAyaka, rAjapatnI, gaNikA aura zrotriya brAhmaNa Adi ke liye saMskRta, tathA zramaNa, tapasvI, bhikSu, cakradhara, bhAgavata, tApasa, unmatta, bAla, nIca grahoM se pIr3ita vyakti, strI, nIca jAti aura napuMsakoM ke liye prAkRta bolane kA nirdeza kiyA hai / yahA~ bhinna-bhinna pAtroM ke liye bhinna-bhinna prAkRta bhASAyeM bole jAne kA ullekha hai| udAharaNa ke liye, nAyikA aura usakI sakhiyoM dvArA zaurasenI, vidUSaka Adi dvArA prAcyA (pUrvIya zaurasenI), dhUrtoM dvArA avantijA ( ujjainI meM bolI jAne vAlI zaurasenI) ceTa, rAjaputra aura zreSThiyoM dvArA ardhamAgadhI', rAjA ke antaHpura meM rahanevAloM, suraGga khodanevAloM, seMdha lagAne vAloM, azvarakSakoM aura Apattigrasta nAyakoM dvArA mAgadhI, yodhA, nagara-rakSaka Adi aura juAriyoM dvArA dAkSiNAtyA, tathA udIcya 1. mAgadhI, avantijA, prAcyA, zaurasenI, ardhamAgadhI, bAhrIkA, aura dAkSiNAtyA nAma kI sAta bhASAyeM yahA~ ginAI haiM (17. 48) / 2. DAkTara kItha ke anusAra (da saMskRta DrAmA, pR0 336) azvaghoSa aura sambhavataH bhAsa ke karNabhAra nATaka ko chor3akara anyatra isakA prayoga dikhAI nahIM detaa|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa aura khasoM dvArA bAhnIka bhASA bolI jAtI thI ( 17. 50-2) / ' vibhASAoM meM zAkArI, AbhIrI, cANDAlI, zAbarI, drAvir3I aura AndhrI ke nAma ginAye haiN| inameM pulkasa (Domba) dvArA cANDAlI, aGgArakAraka (koyalA taiyAra karane vAle ), vyAdha, kASTha aura mantra se AjIvikA calAnevAloM aura vanacaroM dvArA zAkArI, gaja, azva, ajA, uSTa, Adi kI zAlAoM meM rahanevAloM dvArA abhIrI athavA zAbarI, tathA vanacaroM dvArA drAvir3I bhApA bolI jAtI thI (17.53-6) / saMskRta nATakoM ke adhyayana karane se patA lagatA hai ki ina nATakoM meM ucca varga ke puruSa, agramahiSiyA~, rAjamantriyoM kI putriyA~ aura vezyAe~ Adi saMskRta tathA sAdhAraNatayA striyA~, vidUSaka, zreSThI, naukara-cAkara Adi nimnavarga ke loga prAkRta meM bAtacIta karate haiN| nATyazAstra ke paNDitoM ne jo rUpaka aura uparUpaka ke bheda ginAye haiM unameM bhANa, Dima, vIthI, tathA saTTaka, toTaka, goSThI, hallIza, rAsaka, bhaNikA, aura prekhaNa Adi lokanATya ke hI prakAra haiM, aura ina nATyoM meM dhUta, viTa, pAkhaNDI, ceTa, ceTI, viTa, napuMsaka, bhUta, preta, pizAca, vidUpaka, hIna purupa Adi 1. mahArASTrI bhASA kA yahA~ nirdeza nahIM hai| azvaghoSa aura bhAsa ke nATakoM meM bhI isa prAkRta ke rUpa dekhane meM nahIM Ate / paizAcI prAkRta kA ullekha dazarUpaka (2. 65) meM milatA hai, nATakoM meM nahIM / bAhrIkI prAkRta bhI nATakoM meM nahIM pAyI jaatii| 2. mRcchakaTika meM zAkArI aura cANDAlI ke sAtha DhakkI vibhApA ke prayoga bhI milate haiN| 3. hemacandra AcArya ne kAvyAnuzAsana (8.3-4) meM nATaka, prakaraNa, nATikA, samavakAra, IhAmRga, dima, vyAyoga, utsRSTikA, aGka, prahasana, bhANa, vIthi, aura saTTaka pAThya ke, tathA DoMbikA, bhANa, prasthAna, ziMgaka, bhANikA, preraNa, rAmAkrIDa, hallIsaka, rAsaka, goSThI, zrIgadita aura kAvya geya ke bheda batAye haiM / rUpaka aura uparUpakoM ke bhedoM ke liye dekhiye sAhityadarpaNa (1.3-5) /

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nATaka meM prAkRtoM ke rUpa 613 adhikAMza pAtra vahI haiM jo nATakoM meM prAkRta bhASAyeM bolate haiM / isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki prAkRta jana-sAdhAraNa kI, tathA saMskRta paNDita, purohita aura rAjAoM kI bhASA mAnI jAtI thI / striyA~ prAyaH zaurasenI meM hI bAtacIta karatI haiM ( saMskRta unake mu~ha se acchI nahIM lagatI ) / ' adhama loga bhI zaurasenI meM bolate the, tathA atyanta nIca paizAcI aura mAgadhI meM / tAtparya yaha hai ki nIca pAtra apane-apane deza kI prAkRta bhASAoM meM bAtacIta karate the, aura saMskRta nATakoM ko lokapriya banAne ke liye bhinna-bhinna pAtroM ke mukha se unhIM kI boliyoM meM bAtacIta karAnA Avazyaka bhI thA / | prAcIna kAla meM saMskRta aura prAkRta meM aneka nATaka likhe gaye / sambhava hai saTToM kI bhA~ti katipaya nATaka bhI pUrNatayA prAkRta meM hI rahe hoM jo saMskRta se prabhAva ke kAraNa Aja naSTa ho gaye, athavA saMskRta meM rUpAntarita hone ke kAraNa unakA svatantra astitva hI nahIM rhaa| Age calakara to nATakoM ke prAkRta aMzoM kI saMskRta chAyA kA mahattva itanA bar3ha gayA ki nauvIM zatAbdI ke nATakakAra rAjazekhara ko apanI bAlarAmAyaNa ke 1. zUdraka ne apane mRcchakaTika meM striyoM ke mukha se bolI jAnevAlI saMskRta bhASA ko hAsyotpAdaka batAte hue usakI upamA eka gAya se dI hai jisake nathunoM meM naI rassI DAle jAne se vaha sU sU kA zabda karatI hai ( ithiA dAva sakaaM paDhantI diNNaNavaNassA vi a giTTI ahi susuAdi - tIsarA aGka, tIsare loka ke bAda / ) 2. strINAM tu prAkRtam prAyaH zaurasenyadhameSu ca / pizAcAtyantanIcAdau paizAcam mAgadhaM tathA // (isake artha ke liye dekhiye manamohanaghoSa, karpUramaJjarI kI bhUmikA, pR0 49-50 ) yaddezaM nIcapAtraM yattaddezaM tasya bhASitam / kAryatazcottamAdInAM kAryoM bhASAvyaktikramaH // ---dhanaMjaya, dazarUpaka ( 2.65 - 6 )

Page #623
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prAkRta aMzoM ko saMskRta chAyA dvArA samajhAne kA prayatna karanA pdd'aa| zanaiH zanaiH prAkRta bhASAyeM bhI saMskRta kI bhA~ti sAhityika bana gayIM, aura jaise kahA jA cukA hai prAkRta ke vyAkaraNoM kA adhyayana kara kara ke vidvAna prAkRta kAvyoM kI racanAe~ karane lge| dravir3adeza vAsI rAmapANivAda aura rudradAsa Adi isake udAharaNa haiM jinhoMne vararuci aura trivikrama ke prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kA adhyayana kara prAkRta ke kAvya aura saTTaka Adi kI racanA kii| azvaghoSa ke nATaka azvaghoSa ( IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa ) ke nATakoM meM sarvaprathama prAkRta bhASAoM kA prayoga huA hai| inake zAriputraprakaraNa (athavA zAradvatIputraprakaraNa) tathA anya do adhUre nATaka madhya eziyA se mile haiN|' zAriputraprakaraNa nau aMkoM meM samApta hotA hai| isameM gautama buddha dvArA maudgalyAyana aura zAriputra ko bauddhadharma meM dIkSita kiye jAne kA varNana hai| adhUre nATakoM meM eka meM buddhi, kIrti aura kRti' jaise rUpAtmaka pAtroM ke samvAda haiM; buddhi Adi pAtra saMskRta meM vArtAlApa karate haiN| dUsare nATaka meM magadhavatIgaNikA, komudagandha vidUpaka,dhanaMjaya, rAjaputra Adi sAta pAtra haiM / luiDarsa ke kathanAnusAra ina nATakoM meM duSTa loga mAgadhI, gaNikA aura vidUSaka zaurasenI tathA tApasa ardhamAgadhI meM bolate haiN| ina nATakoM meM prayukta prAkRta bhApAyeM azoka kI zilAlekhI prAkRta se milatI haiM jo uttarakAlIna prAkRta bhApAoM ko samajhane meM bahuta sahAyaka haiN| bhAsa ke nATaka azvaghoSa ke pazcAt bhAsa ( IsavI san 350 ke pUrva ) 1. luiDarsa dvArA sampAdita, 1911 meM yarlina se prakAzita / ye nATaka dekhane meM nahIM aaye|

Page #624
bhAsa ke nATaka ne aneka nATakoM kI racanA kii|' ina nATakoM meM avimAraka aura cArudatta nAma ke nATaka prAkRta bhASA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| avimAraka meM chaha aGka haiM jinameM avimAraka aura usake mAmA kI kanyA kuraGgI kI prema-kathA kA varNana hai, anta meM donoM kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| cArudatta nATaka meM cAra aGka haiM inameM cArudatta aura vasantasenA ke prema kA mArmika citraNa hai| bhAsa ke sabhI nATakoM meM khAsakara padyabhAga meM zaurasenI kI pradhAnatA hai, mAgadhI ke rUpa bhI yahA~ milate haiN| dUtavAkya nATaka meM strI pAtroM kI bhA~ti prAkRta bhASA kA bhI abhAva hai| avimAraka meM zaurasenI bhASA meM vidUSaka kI ukti dekhiye aho Naarassa sohAsaMpadi / atthaM AsAdido bhaavaM suyyo dIsai dahipiMDapaMDaresu pAsAdesu aggApaNAlindesu pasAriagulamahurasaMgado via / gaNiAjaNo NAarijaNo a aNNoNNavisedamaMDidA attANaM daMsaidukAmA tesu tesu pAsAdesu savibbhamaM saMcaraMti / ahaM tu tAdisANi pekkhia ummAdiamANassa tattahodo rattisahAo homi tti NaarAdo Niggado mhi / so vi dAva amhAaM adhaNNadAe keNavi aNatthasaMcintaNeNa aNNAdiso via saMbutto / evaM tattahodo AvAsagihaM / ajja NaarApaNAlinde suNAmi tattahodo gihAdo NiggadA rAadAriAe dhattI sahI atti / kiM Nu khu ettha kayyaM / ahava hatthihatthacaMcalANi purusabhaggANi honti / ahava gacchadu aNattho amhAaM| avasthAsadisaM rAaulaM pavisAmi (avimAraka 2) / -isa samaya nagara kI zobhA kitanI suMdara hai ! bhagavAn sUrya astAcala ko pahu~ca gaye haiM jisase dadhipiNDa ke samAna 1. pUnA orienTala sIrIz2a meM sI0 Ara devadhara ne bhAsanATakacakra ke antargata svapnavAsavadattA, pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa, avimAraka, cArudatta, pratimA, abhiSekanATaka, paJcarAtra, madhyamavyAyoga, dUtavAkya, dUtaghaTotkaca, karNabhAra, urubhaGga aura bAlacarita nAmaka 13 nATakoM kA san 1937 meM sampAdana kiyA hai|

Page #625
616 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zvetavarNa ke prAsAda aura agrabhAga kI dUkAnoM ke alindoM (koThoM) meM mAnoM madhura gur3a prasArita ho gayA hai / gaNikAyeM tathA nagaravAsI vizeSarUpa se sajjita ho apane Apa kA pradarzana karane kI icchA se una prAsAdoM meM vibhramapUrvaka saJcAra kara rahe haiN| maiM ina logoM ko isa avasthA meM dekhakara unmAdayukta ho rAtri ke samaya ApakA sahAyaka banU~gA, yaha socakara nagara se bAhara calA AyA hU~ / so bhI hamAre durbhAgya se kisI anartha kI cintA se kucha aura hI ho gyaa| yaha ApakA AvAsaghara hai| Aja nagara kI dukAnoM ke alindoM meM sunatA hUM ki rAjakumArI kI dhAtrI aura sakhI Apake ghara se bAhara gaI hai| aba kyA kiyA jAye ? athavA purupa kA bhAgya hAthI kI saiMDa ke samAna caJcala hotA hai / athavA hamArA anartha naSTa ho jAye / avasthA ke samAna rAjakula meM praveza karatA huuN| cArudatta ( aGka 1) meM zakAra ke mukha se mAgadhI kI ukti suniye ciTTha ciTTha vazaJcazeNie ! ciTTha kiM yAzi dhAvazi padhAvazi pakkhalantI zAhu ppazIda Na malIazi ciTTa dAva / kAmeNa zampadi hi jajjhai me zalIlaM aMgAlamajjhapaDide via cammakhaMDe / -Thahara-Thahara vasantasenA! Thahara ! jA / tU kyoM jA rahI hai, kyoM bhAga rahI hai, kyoM giratI-par3atI jora se daur3a rahI hai ? he sundarI ! prasanna ho, tujhe koI mAra nahIM rahA hai, Thahara jaa| merA zarIra kAma se prajvalita ho rahA hai jaise Aga meM girA huA cmdd'aa| mRcchakaTika zUdraka (IsavI san kI lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI) ke

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mRcchakaTika mRcchakaTika kI ginatI bhI prAcIna nATakoM meM kI jAtI hai|' bhAsa ke cArudatta nATaka se yaha prabhAvita hai| mRcchakaTika eka sAmAjika nATaka hai jisameM samAja kA yathArthavAdI citra aGkita hai / saMskRta kI apekSA prAkRta kA upayoga hI isameM adhika hai / isaliye prAkRta bhASAoM ke adhyayana ke liye yaha atyanta upayogI hai| saba milakara isameM 30 pAtra haiM, inameM svayaM vivRtikAra pRthvIdhara ke kathanAnusAra sUtradhAra, naTI, radanikA, madanikA, vasantasenA, usakI mAtA, ceTI, karNapUraka, cArudatta kI brAhmaNI, zodhanaka aura zreSThI ye gyAraha pAtra zaurasenI meM, vIra aura candanaka avantI meM, vidUSaka prAcya meM, saMvAhaka, sthAvaraka, kuMbhIlaka, vardhamAnaka, bhikSu tathA rohasena mAgadhI meM, zakAra zakArI meM, donoM caNDAla cANDAlI meM, mAthura aura dyUtakara DhakkI meM tathA zakAra, sthAvaraka aura kuMbhIlaka Adi mAgadhI meM bAtacIta karate haiN| isa nATaka meM prayukta prAkRta bhASAyeM bharata ke nATyazAstra meM ullikhita prAkRta bhASAoM ke niyamAnusAra likhI gaI mAlUma hotI haiM / sAdhAraNatayA yahA~ bhI zaurasenI aura mAgadhI bhASAoM kA hI prayoga adhikatara huA hai| vasantasenA kI zaurasenI meM eka ukti dekhiye 1. nArAyaNa bAlakRSNa goDabole dvArA saMpAdita aura san 1896 meM gavarnamenTa seNTrala buka Dipo dvArA prakAzita / 2. mRcchakaTika kI vivRti meM pRthvIdhara ne prAkRta bhApAoM ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai zaurasenyavaMtijA prAcyA etAstu dntyskaartaa| tatrAvaMtijA rephavatI lokoktibahulA / prAcyA svaarthikkkaarpraayaa| mAgadhI taalvyshkaarvtii| zakArI-cANDAlyostAlavyazakAratA rephasya ca lkaartaa| vakAramAyA DhakkavibhASA / saMskRtaprAyatve dantyatAlavyasazakAradvayayuktA c|

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618 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ciraadi mnniaa| tA kahiM Nu hu sA / (gavAkSeNa dRSTyA) kadham esA kenAvi purisakeNa saha maMtaaMtI ciTThadi / jadhA adisiNiddhAe NiJcaladiTThIe ApibaMtI via evaM nijhAadi tathA takkemi eso so jaNo evaM icchadi abhujissaM kAdum / tA ramadu ramadu, mA kassAvi pIdicchedo bhodu | Na hu saddAvi. ssam (caturtha angk)| -madanikA ko bahuta dera ho gii| vaha vahA~ calI gaI ? (jharokhe meM se dekhakara ) are ! vaha to kisI purupa se bAtacIta kara rahI hai| mAlUma hotA hai atyanta snigdha nizcala dRSTi se usakA pAna karatI huI usake dhyAna meM vaha rata hai| mAlUma hotA hai yaha puruSa usakA upabhoga karanA cAhatA hai| khaira, koI bAta nahIM, vaha Ananda se ramaNa kare, ramaNa kre| kisI kI prIti kA bhaGga na ho / maiM use na bulaauuNgii| rAjA kA sAlA zakAra mAgadhI meM vasantasenA vezyA kA citraNa karatA hai ezA NANakamUzikAmakazikA macchAzikA lAzikA / NiNNAzA kulaNAzikA avazikA kAmassa manuzikA | ezA vezavahU zuvezaNilaA vezaMgaNA veziA / eze ze daza NAmake mayi kale anjAvi maM Necchadi / (prathama aGka) -yaha dhana kI cora, kAma kI kazA ( kor3A), matsyabhakSI, nartikA, nakakaTI, kula kI nAzaka, svachaMda, kAmakI maMjUpA, vezavadhU, suvezayukta, aura vezyAMganA-isa prakAra usake dasa nAma maiMne rakkhe haiM, phira bhI vaha mujhe nahIM caahtii|' 1. vezyAoM ke veza ke sambandha meM caturbhANI (pR0 31 ) meM kAmAvezaH kaitavasyopadezo mAyAkozo vaJcanAsannivezaH /

Page #628
620 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zaurasenI meM vidUSaka kI ukti par3hiye bho ditthN| edassa miaAsIlassa raNo vaassabhAvaNa NiviNNo hmi / aaM mio a varAho aaM sadlo tti majjhaNe vi gihmaviralapAavacchAAsu vaNarAIsu AhiNDIadi aDavIdo aDavIm / pattasaMkarakasAAI kaduNhAiM giriNaIjalAI piiaNti| aNiadevalaM sullamaMsabhUiTTho AhAro aNhIadi / turagANudhAvaNakaDidasaMdhiNo rattimmi vi NikAmaM saidavvaM Natthi / tado mahante eva paJcUse dAsIe puttehiM saaNiluddhaehiM vaNaggahaNakolAhaleNa paDibodhido mi| edAvanteNa vi dAva pIDA Na nnikkmdi| tado gaMDassa uvari piMDao sNvutto| hio kila ahmesu ohINesu tattahodo miANusAreNa assamapadaM paviTThassa tAvasakaNNaA saundalA mama adhaNNadAe daMsidA saMpadaM NaaragamaNassa kahaM vi Na karedi / aja vi se taM evvaM ciMtaaMtassa akkhIsu pahAdaM Asi | kA gadi ? (abhijJAnazAkuntala, dvitIya angk)| -hAya re durbhAgya ? isa mRgayAzIla rAjA ke vayasyabhAva se mujhe vairAgya ho AyA | yaha mRga hai, yaha sUara hai, yaha zArdUla hai, isa prakAra grISmakAla ke madhyAhna meM bhI virala chAyAvAle vRkSoM kI vanapaMktiyoM meM eka aTavI se dUsarI aTavI meM bhaTakanA hotA hai| pattoM ke mizraNa se kasaile aura kiJcit uSNa giri kI nadiyoM kA jala pInA par3atA hai| aniyata samaya sIMka para bhunA huA mAMsa khAnA par3atA hai| ghor3e ke pIche-pIche daur3ane ke kAraNa merI saMdhiyoM meM darda hone lagA hai jisase rAtri ke samaya meM ArAma se so bhI nahIM sktaa| phira bahuta sabere dAsIputra aura kuttoM se ghire hue baheliyoM dvArA vana ke kolAhala se maiM jagA diyA jAtA huuN| aura itane se hI merA kaSTa dUra nahIM hotaa| phor3e ke Upara eka aura phur3iyA nikala aaii| kala hameM pIche chor3akara mRga kA pIchA karate-karate mahArAja eka Azrama meM jA pahu~ce aura mere durbhAgya se zakuntalA nAma kI tApasakanyA para

Page #629
kAlidAsa ke nATaka 621 unakI dRSTi par3a gaI / use dekhane ke bAda aba ve nagara lauTane kI bAta hI nahIM karate / yahI socate-socate A~khoM ke sAmane prabhAta ho jAtA hai / aba kyA rAstA hai ? zakuntalA mahArASTrI meM gAtI hai tuma Na jANo hiaaM mama uNa kAmo divApi rattimmi | NigviNa tavai balIaM tui vuttamaNorahAi aMgAI // ( tRtIya aGka ) - maiM tere hRdaya ko nahIM jAnatI / lekina yaha nirdaya prema, jinake manoratha tumameM kendrita haiM aise mere aGgoM ko, dina aura rAta kaSTa detA hai / age kA mAgadhI meM bhASaNa suniye - ekaviMza diaze khaMDazo lohiamacche mae kappide / jAva tazza udalabhantale pekkhAmi dAva eze ladaNabhAsuraaMgulIaaM dekhir | pacchA ahake ze vikkaAa daMzaante gahide bhAvami - zzehiM / mAleha vA muMceha vA aaM ze Aamavuttante / (pA~cavA~ aGka) - eka dina maiMne rohita machalI ko kaattaa| jyoM hI maiMne usake udara ke andara dekhA to mujhe ratna se camacamAtI eka aMgUThI dikhAI dI / phira jaba maiMne use bikrI ke liye nikAla kara dikhAyA to maiM ina logoM ke dvArA pakar3a liyA gayA / aba Apa cAhe mujhe mAreM yA chodd'eN| isake milane kI yahI kahAnI hai / mAlavikAgnimitra aura vikramorvazIya nATakoM meM bhI prAkRta kA prayoga huA hai / mAlavikAgnimitra meM ceTI, bakulAvalikA, kaumudikA, rAjA kI paTarAnI, mAlavikA, paricArikA aura vidUSaka Adi prAkRta bolate haiM / yahA~ prAkRta ke saMvAda bar3e sundara bana par3e haiM / vikramorvazI meM rambhA, menakA, citralekhA, urvazI Adi apsarAyeM, rAjamahiSI, kirAtI, tApasI Adi strI- pAtra tathA vidUSaka prAkRta bolate haiM / apabhraMza meM bhI kucha sundara gIta diye gaye haiM

Page #630
622 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa hauM paI puchichami Akkhahi gaavaru laliapahAra NAsiataruvaru / dUraviNijiasasaharakantI diTThI pia paI saMmuha jntii|| -he gajavara ! maiM tujha se pUcha rahA hU~, uttara de / tU ne apane sundara prahAra se vRkSoM kA nAza kara diyA hai| dUra se hI candramA kI kAnti ko jItane ke liye merI priyA ko kyA tU ne priya ke sanmukha jAte dekhA hai ? dUsarA gIta dekhiye morA parahua haMsa rahaMga ali gaa pavvaa saria kuraMga / tujhaha kAraNa raNNa bhamantai ko Na hu pucchau maI roante / -mora, koyala, haMsa, cakravAka, bhramara, gaja, parvata, sarin , kuraMga ina saba meM se tere kAraNa jaMgala meM bhramaNa evaM rudana karate hue maiMne kisa-kisa ko nahIM pUchA ? zrIharSa ke nATaka zrIharpa ( IsavI san 600-648 ) ne priyadarzikA', ratnAvalI aura nAgAnanda meM prAkRta bhASAoM kA pracura prayoga kiyA hai| nATikAoM meM purupa-pAtroM kI saMkhyA kama hai tathA strI-pAtra aura vidUSaka Adi prAkRta meM bAtacIta karate haiN| padya meM mahArASTrI ke sAtha zaurasenI kA bhI prayoga huA hai| priyadarzikA meM ceTI, 1. ema0 Ara0 kAle dvArA sampAdita, gopAlanArAyaNa eNDa kaM. bambaI dvArA 1928 meM prakAzita / 2. ke. ema. jogalekara dvArA 1907 meM sampAdita / 3. Ara0 Ara0 dezapANDe aura bI0 ke. jozI dvArA sampAdita, dAdara bukaDipo, bambaI dvArA prakAzita /

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zrIharSa ke nATaka 623 AraNyakA ( priyadarzikA ), vAsavadattA, kAMcanamAlA, manoramA aura vidUSaka Adi prAkRta meM bAtacIta karate haiN| AriNyakA ke kucha gIta dekhiye ghaNabaMdhaNasaMruddhaM gaaNaM daTThUNa mANasaM eDhuM / ahilasai rAjahaMso daiaM gheUNa appaNo vasaI // - bAdaloM ke bandhana se saMruddha AkAza ko dekhakara rAjahaMsa apanI priyA ko lekara mAnasarovara meM jAne kI abhilApA karatA hai / phira - ahiNavarAakkhittA mahuariA vAmaeNa kAmeNa / uttama patthantI TThe piasaNaM daiaM || ( tRtIya aGka ) / - vakra kAma ke dvArA abhinava rAga meM kSipta madhukarI apane yatA ke priyadarzana ke liye prArthanA karatI huI vyAkula hotI hai / ratnAvalI meM vAsavadattA aura usakI paricArikAyeM Adi prAkRta meM vArtAlApa karatI haiN| kauzAmbI ke rAjA vatsa kA mitra vasantaka rAjA ko eka zubha samAcAra sunA rahA hai hI hI bho ! accariaM aba riaM / kosaMbI rajjalAheNAvi Na so pisa hiaaparitoso jAdiso mama AsAdo ajja piavaaNaM suNia havissaditti takkemi / tA jAva gadua pia asassa NivedaissaM / ( parikramyAvalokya ca ) kathaM eso piavaasso jadhA imaM jjevva paDivAledi / tA jAva NaM uvasapAmi / (ityupasRtya ) jaadu jaadu piavaasso / bho vaassa ! A baDDhase tumaM samIhidakajjasiddhIe / ( tRtIya aGka ) / are Azcarya ! Azcarya / maiM samajhatA hU~, sunakara jaisA paritoSa mere priya vayasya ko kauzAmbI kA rAjya pAkara bhI nahIM ho sakatA / priya sakhA ke pAsa pahu~cakara isa samAcAra ko ( ghUmakara aura dekhakara ) merA priya sakhA isI mujha se priya vacana hogA vaisA use isaliye maiM apane nivedana karU~gA / dizA kI ora

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624 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dekhate hue khar3A hai jisase jAna par3atA hai vaha merI hI pratIkSA meM hai| astu, pAsa meM jAtA hU~ (pAsa jAkara ) priya vayasya kI jaya ho ! he vayasya ! tumhAre iSTakArya kI siddhi hone se tuma bar3e bhAgyazAlI ho| nAgAnanda meM saMskRta kA prAdhAnya hai / yahA~ bhI naTI, ceTI, nAyikA, malayavatI, pratihArI tathA vidUpaka, viTa aura kiGkara Adi prAkRta meM vArtAlApa karate hai| kiGkara ke mukha se yahA~ mAgadhI bulavAI gaI hai edaM lattaMsuajualaM palihAya Aluha vajjhasilaM | jeNa tumaM lattaMsuaciNNovalakkhidaM garuDo geNhia AhAlaM karissadi (caturtha angk)| -isa raktAMzuka-yugala ko dhAraNa kara vadhyazilA para ArohaNa karo jisase rakta aMzuka cihna se cihnita tumheM grahaNa karake garuDa tumhArA AhAra kregaa| bhavabhUti ke nATaka bhavabhUti (IsavI san kI sAtavIM zatAbdI) ke mahAvIracarita, mAlatImAdhava aura uttararAmacarita nATakoM meM saMskRta kA prAdhAnya pAyA jAtA hai| saMskRta ke Adarza para hI unhoMne zaurasenI kA prayoga kiyA hai| vararuci Adi ke prAkRtavyAkaraNoM ke prayoga yahA~ dekhane meM Ate haiM / mudrArAkSasa vizAkhadatta (IsavI san kI nauvIM zatAbdI) ke mudrArAkSasa' meM prAkRta ke prayoga milate haiM, yadyapi yahA~ bhI saMskRta ko hI mahattva diyA gayA hai| zaurasenI, mahArASTrI aura mAgadhI kA prayoga yahA~ kiyA gayA hai| candanadAsa kA zaoNramenI meM eka svagata suniye cANakammi akaraNe sahasA sahAvidasma bmudi|| NihAsassavi saMkA kiM uNa saMjAdadAsarata / / ( aGka 2) 1. hilebANTa, gresalI, 1912

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mudrArAkSasa 625 -nirdaya cANakya ke dvArA kisI nirdoSa puruSa ko bulAye jAne para bhI usake mana meM zaGkA utpanna ho jAtI hai, phira aparAdhI puruSa kI to bAta hI kyA ? kSapaNaka mAgadhI meM bAtacIta karatA haizAzaNamalihantANaM paDivayyadha mohavAdhiveyyANaM / je paDhamamettakaDuraM pazcApazcaM uvadizanti / / (aGka 4) -kyA tuma moharUpI vyAdhi ke vaidya arhantoM ke zAsana ko prApta karate ho jo prArambha meM mUhurta mAtra ke liye kaTu kintu bAda meM pathya kA kAma karanevAlI auSadhi kA upadeza dete haiM ? vajralomA kI mAgadhI meM ukti dekhiyeyai mahadha lakirdu ze pANe vihave kulaM kalantaM ca / tA palihaladha vizaM via lAAvazcaM paatteNa // ( aGka 7) -yadi apane prANa, vibhava, kula aura kalatra kI rakSA karanA cAhate ho to vipa kI bhA~ti rAjA ke liye apathya (avAMchanIya) padArtha kA prayatnapUrvaka parityAga kro| veNIsaMhAra ___ bhaTTanArAyaNa ( IsavI san kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ) ke veNIsaMhAra' meM zaurasenI kI hI pradhAnatA hai| tIsare aMka ke AraMbha meM rAkSasa aura usakI patnI mAgadhI meM bAtacIta karate haiN| lalitavigraharAja somadeva ke lalitavigraharAja nATaka meM mahArASTrI, zaurasenI aura mAgadhI kA prayoga huA hai| 1. Ara0 Ara0 dezapAMDe dvArA sampAdita, dAdara buka Dipo, bambaI dvArA prakAzita / 2. pizala kA prAkRta bhApAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 16 / yaha nATaka kIlahAna dvArA eNTIrI 20, 221 pRSTha aura usake bAda ke pRSThoM meM chapA hai| 40 prA0 sA0

Page #634
626 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa adbhutadarpaNa adbhutadarpaNa nATaka ke kartA mahAdeva kavi haiM, ye dakSiNa ke nivAsI the| inake guru kA nAma bAlakRSNa thA jo nIlakaNTha vijayacampU ke kartA nIlakaMTha dIkSita ke samakAlIna the / nIlakaMTha vijayacampU kI racanA san 1637 meM huI thI, isalie mahAdeva kavi kA samaya bhI isI ke AsapAsa mAnanA cAhiye / adbhutadarpaNa ke Upara kavi jayadeva kA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| saMskRta kA isameM Adhikya hai| sItA, saramA, aura trijaTA Adi strIpAtra tathA vidUSaka aura mahodara Adi prAkRta meM bAtacIta karate haiN| isameM 10 aMka haiM jinameM aGgada dvArA rAvaNa ke pAsa saMdeza le jAne se lagAkara rAmacandra ke rAjyAbhiSeka taka kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| rAkSasiniyA~ zUrpaNakhA kI bhartsanA karatI huI kahatI haiM___ ayi mUDhe | aNatthaAriNi suppaNahe ! bhakkhaNaNimittaM tumhehi mAridA jANai tti | parikuvido bhaTTA jIvantIo evva amhe kukkurANaM bhakkhaNaM kArissadi / tA samaragaassa bhattuNo purado evaM jANaIuttantaM Nivedamha / tado jaM hoi taM hodu|| -ayi mUDha, anarthakAriNi sUrpanakhe! tumane apane khAne ke liye jAnakI ko mAra DAlA hai| bhartA kupita hokara jIvita avasthA meM hI hamalogoM ko kuttoM ko khilaayeNge| isalie calo yuddha meM jAne ke pUrva hI bhartA ke samakSa jAnakI kA samAcAra nivedana kara deN| phira jo honA hogA so dekheMge / lIlAvatI malayAlama ke suprasiddha lekhaka rAmapANivAda kI likhI huI yaha eka vIthi hai jisakI racanA 18 vIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM huI thii|' vIthi meM eka hI aMka rahatA hai jisameM eka, do yA 1. janarala oNva da TrAvanakora yUnivarsiTI orieNTala mainuskripTa lAIbrerI, 3, 2.3, dAvanakora, 1947 meM prakAzita /

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627 prAkRta meM saTTaka adhika se adhika tIna pAtra rahate haiM,zrRMgAra rasa kI yahA~ pradhAnatA hotI hai|' rAmapANivAda rAjA devanArAyaNa kI sabhA ke eka vidvAn the aura rAjA kA Adeza pAkara unhoMne isa nATaka kA abhinaya karAyA thaa| lIlAvatI karnATaka ke rAjA kI eka sundara kanyA hai| use koI haraNa na kara le jAye isaliye rAjA use kuntala ke rAjA vIrapAla kI rAnI kalAvatI ke pAsa surakSita rakha detA hai| lekina vIrapAla rAjakumArI se prema karane lagatA hai / yaha dekhakara kalAvatI ko IrSyA hotI hai / isa samaya vidUSaka rAnI kalAvatI ko sA~pa se DasavA detA hai aura phira svayaM hI use bacA letA hai| kalAvatI ko AkAzavANI sunAI par3atI hai ki lIlAvatI se rAjA kA vivAha kara do| anta meM lIlAvatI aura vIrapAla kA vivAha ho jAtA hai| yahI premakathA isa nATaka kA kathAnaka hai| prAkRta meM saTTaka bharata ke nATyazAstra meM saTTaka aura nATikA kA ullekha nahIM milatA / sarvaprathama bharata ke nATyazAstra ke TIkAkAra abhinavagupta (IsavI san kI 10 vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa ) ne apanI TIkA meM (nATyazAstra, jilda 2, pR0 407, gAyakavADa orieNTala sIrIz2a, 1934) kohala Adi dvArA lakSita toTaka, saTTaka' aura 1. vIthyAmeko bhavedaMkaH kazcideko'tra kalpyate / AkAzabhASitairuktaizcitrAM prtyuktimaashritH|| sUcayedbharibhaMgAraM kiMcidanyAn rasAn prati / mukhanirvahaNe saMdhI arthaprakRtayo'khilAH // -sAhityadarpaNa 6, 253-4 2. DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye DoMbI, hallIzaka, vidUSaka, (prAkRta ke viuso athavA viusao rUpa se) ajjukA, bhaTTadArikA, mApaM Adi zabdoM kI bhA~ti saTTaka zabda ko bhI saMskRta kA rUpa nahIM svIkAra krte| unakA kahanA hai ki sahaka zabda saMbhavataH drAviDI bhApA kA zabda hai jo ATTa zabda se banA hai jisakA artha hai nRtya / zAradAtanaya

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328 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa rAsaka kI paribhASA dete hue saTTaka ko nATikA ke samAna batAyA hai| hemacandra (IsavI san 1086-1972) ke kAvyAnuzAsana (pR0 444) ke anusAra saTTaka kI racanA eka hI bhApA meM hotI hai, nATikA kI bhA~ti saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM meM nhiiN| zAradAtanaya (IsavI san 1975-1250) ke bhAvaprakAzana (pR. 244, 255, 266) ke anusAra saTTaka nATikA kA hI eka bheda hai jo nRtya ke Upara AdhArita hai| isameM kaizikI aura bhAratI vRtti rahatI haiM, raudrarasa nahIM rahatA aura saMdhi nahIM honI / aGka ke sthAna para saTTaka meM yavanikAMtara hotA hai, tathA isameM chAdana, skhalana, bhrAnti aura nihanava kA abhAva rahatA hai / sAhityadarpaNa ( 6, 276-277 ) ke anusAra saTTaka pUrNatayA prAkRta meM hI hotA hai aura adbhuta rasa kI isameM pradhAnatA rahatI hai| karpUramaMjarIkAra (1.6)ne saTTaka ko nATikA ke samAna batAyA hai jisameM praveza, viSkaMbha aura aGka nahIM hote|' sar3aka meM aGkako yavanikA kahA jAtA hai| prAyaH kisI nAyikA ke nAma para hI saTTaka kA nAma rakkhA jAtA hai| rAjazekhara ne ise prAkRtabaMdha (pAuDabaMdha) kahA hai, nRtya dvArA isakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai (saTTaam nnnycidvyN)| karpUramaMjarI prAkRta kA eka suprasiddha saTTaka hai| karpUramaMjarI ___ kappUramaMjarI, vilAsavatI, caMdalehA, AnaMdasuMdarI aura siMgAramaMjarI ina pA~ca saTTakoM meM se vilAsavatI ko chor3akara bAkI ke ne bhAvaprakAzana meM saTTaka ko nRtyabhedAramaka batAyA hai / dekhiye candalehA kI bhUmikA, pR0 29 / 1. so sahamoti bhaNNai jo NADiAi aNuharai / kiM uNa pavesavikkhaMbhakAI kevalaM Na dIsaMti // karpUramaMjarI 1.6 2. manamohanadhoSa dvArA vidvattApUrNabhUmikA sahita saMpAdita, yunivarsiTI oNva kalakattA dvArA san 1939 meM prakAzita / sTena kono kI karamaMjarI hArvarDa yunivarsiTI, kaimbrija se 1901 meM prakAzita /

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karpUramaMjarI 629 saTTaka upalabdha haiN| inameM kaparamaMjarI sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa hai / karpUramaMjarI ke racayitA yAyAvaravaMzIya rAjazekhara (samaya IsavI san 600 ke lagabhaga ) haiN| karpUramaMjarI ke atirikta unhoMne bAlarAmAyaNa, bAlabhArata, viddhazAlabhaMjikA aura kAvyamImAMsA kI bhI racanA kI hai| rAjazekhara nATakakAra kI apekSA kavi adhika the| apanI bhASA ke Upara unheM pUrNa adhikAra hai| vasaMta, candrodaya, carcarI nRtya Adi ke varNana karpUramaMjarI meM bahuta suMdara bana par3e haiN| karpUramaMjarI ko prAkRta meM likhane kA nATakakAra ne kAraNa batAyA hai parusA sakkaabaMdhA pAuabaMdho vi hoI suumaaro| purisamahilANaM jettiamihantaraM tettiamimANaM // -saMskRta kA gaThana parupa aura prAkRta kA gaThana sukumAra hai| puruSa aura mahilAoM meM jitanA antara hotA hai utanA hI antara saMskRta aura prAkRta kAvya meM samajhanA cAhiye / ___ kararpamaMjarI meM kula milAkara 144 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM 17 prakAra ke chaMda prayukta hue haiN| inameM zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantatilakA, zloka, sragdharA Adi pradhAna haiM / gIti-saundarya jagaha-jagaha dikhAI detA hai| isameM zaurasenI kA prayoga huA hai|' prema kA lakSaNa dekhiye jassi viappaghaDaNAi kalaMkamukko aMto maNammi saralattaNamei bhAvo / ekkekkaassa pasarantarasappavAho siMgAravaDhiamaNohavadiNNasAro // (javanikAMtara 3) 1. sTena kono ne apanI karpUramajarI kI prastAvanA meM karpUramaMjarI ke gadyabhAga meM zaurasenI aura padyabhAga meM mahArASTrI prAkRta pAye jAne kA samarthana kiyA thA, aura tadanusAra unhoMne isa graMtha kA saMpAdana bhI kiyA thA, lekina DAkTara manamohanaghopa ne apanI tarkapUrNa yuktiyoM dvArA isa mata ko amAnya kiyA hai| dekhiye manamohanaghopa kI karpUramaMjarI kI bhuumikaa|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -jisameM mana kA AMtarika bhAva saralatA ko prApta hotA hai, jo vikalpoM ke saMghaTana Adi aura kalaMka se mukta hai, jisameM eka dUsare ke lie rasa kA pravAha bahatA hai, zRGgAra dvArA jo vRddhi ko prApta hotA hai aura manobhava kAmadeva se jisakA sAra prApta hotA hai vaha prema hai| yahA~ kauladharma ke svarUpa kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai raNDA caNDA dikkhidA dhammadArA majjaM maMsaM pijjae khajjae a | bhikkhA bhojjaM cammakhaMDaM ca sejjA kolo dhammo kassa No bhAdi rmmo|| (javanikAMtara 1) -koI caNDa raNDA dharmedArA ke rUpa meM dIkSita kI gaI hai, madya kA pAna kiyA jAtA hai aura mAMsa kA bhakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bhikSA mA~ga kara bhojana karate haiM, carmakhaMDa para zayana karate haiM, aisA kauladharma kise priya nahIM ? vilAsavatI vilAsavatI prAkRtasarvasva ke racayitA mArkaNDeya ( IsavI san kI lagabhaga 17vIM zatAbdI) kI kRti hai| durbhAgya se yaha kRti anupalabdha hai| vizvanAtha (14vIM zatAbdI) ke sAhityadarpaNa meM vilAsavatI nAma ke eka nATya rAsaka kA ullekha milatA hai, saMbhavataH yaha koI dUsarI racanA ho| mArkaNDeya ne apane prAkRtasarvasva (5. 131) meM vilAsavatI kI nimnalikhita gAthA uddhRta kI hai pANAa gao bhamaro labbhai dukkhaM gaiMdesu / suhAa raja kira hoi rnno|| candalehA candalehA ke kartA rudradAsa pArazava vaMza meM utpanna hue the tathA rudra aura zrIkaNTha ke ziSya the| ye kAlikaTa ke rahanevAle the; san 1660 ke AsapAsa inhoMne candalehA kI racanA kI pApA

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caMdalehA thii| candalehA meM cAra yavanikAMtara hai jinameM mAnaveda aura candralekhA ke vivAha kA varNana hai | zRGgArarasa kI isameM pradhAnatA hai| zailI ojapUrNa hai| candalehA kI zailI kaparamaMjarI kI zailI se bahuta kucha milatI hai; karpUramaMjarI ke Upara yaha AdhArita hai| kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha eka sundara racanA hai, yadyapi zabdAlaMkAroM aura samAsAMta padAvali ke kAraNa isameM kRtrimatA A gaI hai| padyoM meM prAkRtika dRzyoM ke varNana sundara bana par3e haiN| chandoM kI vividhatA pAI jAtI hai| anya saTTaka racanAoM kI bhAMti isa para bhI saMskRta kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza ke AdhAra para isa grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai, jisase bhASA meM kRtrimatA kA A jAnA svAbhAvika hai| saTTaka kA yahA~ nimnalikhita lakSaNa batAyA hai so saTTao sahaaro kila NADiAe tAe caujjavaNiaMtara-baMdhuraMgo / cittatthatthasuttiaraso paramekkabhAso vikkhaMbhaAdirahio kahio buhehiM / / -saTTaka nATikA kA sahacara hotA hai, usameM cAra yavanikAMtara hote haiM, vividha artha aura rasa se vaha yukta hotA hai, usameM eka hI bhASA bolI jAtI hai, aura viSkama Adi nahIM hote| navacandra kA citraNa dekhiye candaNa-caccia-savva-disaMto cAru-caora-suhAi kunnNto| dIha-pasAria-dIhii-buMdo dIsai diNNa-raso Nava-cando // (3. 21) -samasta dizAoM ko candana se carcita karatA huA, sundara cakora pakSiyoM ko sukha pradAna karatA huA, apanI kiraNoM ke samUha ko dUra taka prasArita karatA huA sarasa nUtana candramA dikhAI de rahA hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AnandasundarI AnandasundarI' ke kartA ghanazyAma kA janma IsavI san 1700 meM mahArASTra meM huA thaa| 26. varSa kI avasthA meM ye saMjora ke tukojI prathama (san 1726-35) ke mantrI rhe| ghanazyAma mahArASTracUDAmaNi aura sarvabhASAkavi kahe jAte the; sAta-ATha ukti aura lipiyoM meM niSNAta the aura kaMThIrava ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| jaise rAjazekhara apane Apako bAlmIki kA tIsarA avatAra mAnate the, vaise hI ghanazyAma apane ko sarasvatI kA avatAra samajhate the| inhoMne 64 saMskRta, 20 prAkRta aura 20 bhASA ke granthoM kI racanA kI hai| ye grantha nATaka, kAvya, campU, vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra aura darzana Adi vipayoM para likhe gaye haiN| unhoMne tIna sar3akoM kI racanA kI thI-baikuMThacarita, AnandasundarI tathA eka anya / inameM se kevala AnandasundarI hI upalabdha hai| AnandasundarI kI racanA meM rAjazekhara kI karpUramaMjarI kI chAyA kama hai, maulikatA apekSAkRta adhika | ghanazyAma ke anusAra saTTaka meM garbhanATaka na hone se vaha apahAsabhAjana hotA hai, isalie AnandasundarI meM garbhanATaka kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isameM cAra javanikAMtara haiN| prAkRta isa samaya bola-cAla kI bhApA nahIM raha gaI thI, isalie lekhaka prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kA adhyayana karake sAhitya sarjana kiyA karate the| isalie pANivAda aura rudradAsa Adi lekhakoM kI bhA~ti ghanazyAma kI racanA meM bhI bhASA kI kRtrimatA hI adhika dikhAI detI hai| marAThI bhASA ke bahuta se zabda aura dhAtue~ yahA~ pAI jAtI haiN| bhaTTanAtha ne isa para saMskRta meM vyAkhyA likhI hai| AnandasundarI ko rAjA ko samarpita karate samaya dhAtrI kI ukti dekhiye - 1. DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita aura motIlAla banArasIdAsa, banArasa dvArA 1955 meM prakAzita /

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siMmAramaMjarI jammaNo pahudi baDhidA mae lAlaNehi vivihehi knnnnaa| saMpadaM tuha kare samappiA se pio guruaNo sahI tumaM / / -janma se vividha lAlana-pAlana ke dvArA jisa kanyA ko maiMne bar3A kiyA, use aba maiM tumhAre hAtha sauMpa rahI hU~, aba tuma isake priya, gurujana aura sakhI sabhI kucha ho| siMgAramaMjarI vizvezvara kI zRGgAra-maMjarI' prAkRta sAhitya kA dUsarA saTTaka hai| vizvezvara lakSmIdhara ke putra aura ziSya the tathA alamor3A ke nivAsI the| inakA samaya IsavI san kI 18vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai| vizvezvara ne alpavaya meM hI aneka granthoM kI racanA kI jinameM navamAlikA nAma kI nATikA aura zRGgAramaMjarI nAmaka saTTaka mukhya haiN| DAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye ko isa saTTaka kI hastalikhita pratiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM jinake AdhAra para unhoMne apanI candalehA kI vidvatApUrNa bhUmikA meM isa antha kA kathAnaka prastuta kiyA hai| rAjazekhara kI karpUramaMjarI aura zRGgAramaMjarI ke varNanoM Adi meM bahuta-sI samAnatAyeM pAyI jAtI haiN| donoM hI granthakAroM ne bhAsa kI vAsavadattA, kAlidAsa ke mAlavikAgnimitra tathA harSa kI ratnAvali aura priyadarzikA kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| zRGgAramaMjarI meM kavi kI maulika pratibhA ke darzana hote haiM, bhApA-zailI unakI prasAdaguNa se saMpanna hai / raMbhAmaMjarI raMbhAmaMjarI ke kartA prasannacandra ke ziSya nayacandra hai jo pahala viSNu ke upAsaka the aura bAda meM jaina ho gaye the| paT 1. kAdhyamAlA sIrIz2a, bhAga meM bambaI se prakAzita / 2. raMbhAmaMjarI meM sAhityika marAThI ke prayoga milate haiM, isa vRSTi se yaha anya bahuta mahatva kA hai

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634 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhASAoM meM kavitta karane meM aura rAjAoM kA manoraMjana karane meM ye kuzala the| nayacandra ne apane Apako zrIharpa aura amaracandrakavi ke samAna pratibhAzAlI batAyA hai| apanI raMbhAmaMjarI ko bhI unhoMne karpUramaMjarI kI apekSA zreSTha kahate hue usameM kavi amaracandra kA lAlitya aura zrIharpa kI vakrimA svIkAra kI hai| lekina vastutaH vasaMta ke varNana Adi prasaMgoM para nayacandra ne karpUramaMjarI ko Adarza mAnakara hI apane saTTaka kI racanA kI hai| nATakakAra ke rUpa meM lekhaka bahuta adhika saphala hue nahIM jAna pdd'te| raMbhAmaMjarI meM tIna javanikAMtara haiM, isameM saMskRta kA bhI prayoga huA hai| nayacandra kA samaya 14 vIM zatAbdI kA jari pekhilA mastakAvarI keshklaapu| tarI pariskhalilA mayUrAMce picchapratApu // jari nayanaviSayu kelA venniidNdd| tari sAkSAjAlAbhramaNa(ra)zreNIdaMDa // jari dRggocarI AlA visAla bhaalu| tari arddhacandramaMDalu bhailA UrNAyu jAlu / bhrUjugalu jANu dvaidhIkRtakaMdapaMcApu / nayananirjitu jAlA paMjanu niHpratApu // mukhamaMDalu jANu zazAMka devatAce maMDalu / sarvAMgasundaratA muurtimNtkaamu|| kalpaguma jaise sarvalokaAzAvizrAmu / ( javanikAMtara 1) -jaba mastaka ke Upara kezakalApa dekhA to vaha mayUra ke paMkha kI zobhA jAna pdd'ii| veNIdaMDa bhramaroM kI paMkti kI bhA~ti pratIta huii| vizAla mastaka ardhacandra ke maMDala kI bhA~ti jAna pddh'aa| zrUyugala kAmadeva ke TUTe hue dhanuSa kI bhA~ti jAna pdd'aa| tumhAre nayanoM ne khaMjana pakSiyoM ko pratApahIna kara diyaa| mukhamaMDala candradevatA ke maMDala ke samAna jAna pdd'aa| sarva aMga kI sundaratA mUrtimAna kAma ke samAna pratIta huI / kalpadruma kI bhA~ti saba logoM kI AzA kA vizrAma jAna pdd'ii|

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raMbhAmaMjarI 535 anta mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne hammIra mahAkAvya tathA anya aneka jainagranthoM kI racanA kI hai| eka ukti suniye rAsahavasahaturaMgA jUArA paMDiyA ddiNbhaa| na sahati ikka ika ikkeNa viNA Na ciTThati / / -rAsabha, vRSabha, turaMga, dyUtakAra, paMDita aura bAlaka ye eka dUsare ke binA akele nahIM raha sakate / vasanta ke Agamana para virahiNiyoM kI dazA dekhiye mayaMko sappaMko malayapavaNA dehatavaNA / kahUsaho raddo kusumasarasarA jIvidaharA // varAIyaM rAI uvajaNai NihaMpi Na khaNaM / kahaM hA jIvisse iha virahiyA dUrapahiyA / / -vasanta ke Agamana para jisakA pati videza gayA huA hai aisI virahiNI kaise jIvita rahegI ? use mRgAMka soka ke samAna pratIta hotA hai, malaya kA zItala pavana deha ko saMtapta karatA hai, kokila kI kuhU kuhU raudra mAlUma hotI hai, kAmadeva ke bANa jIvana ko apaharaNa karane vAle jAna par3ate haiM, usa bicArI ko rAtri ke samaya eka kSaNa bhI nIMda nahIM aatii| --80 1. DA0 pI0 pITarsana aura rAmacandra dInAnAtha zAstrI dvArA saMpAdita tathA nirNayasAgara presa, yambaI dvArA san 1889 meM prakAzita /

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dasavA~ adhyAya prAkRtavyAkaraNa chanda-kopa tathA alaMkAra-granthoM meM prAkRta ( IsavI sana kI chaThI zatAbdI se lekara 18 vIM zatAbdI taka) (ka) prAkRta vyAkaraNa saMskRta kA udbhava vedapAThI purohitoM ke yahA~ huA thA jaba ki vaidika RcAoM ko unake mUla rUpa meM surakSita rakhane ke liye saMskRta bhASA kI zuddhatA para jora diyA gyaa| prAkRta ke sambandha meM yaha bAta nahIM thii| vaha bolacAla kI bhASA thI, isaliye saMskRta kI bhA~ti isa para niyantraNa rakhanA kaThina thaa| prAkRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa-sambandhI niyama saMskRta kI dekhA-dekhI apekSAkRta bahuta bAda meM bane, isaliye pANini, kAtyAyana aura pataMjali jaise vaiyAkaraNoM kA yahA~ abhAva hI rahA / prAkRta ke vaiyAkaraNoM meM caNDa (IsavI san kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI), vararuci ( IsavI san kI lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI) aura hemacandra (IsavI san 1100) mukhya mAne jAte haiN| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki prAkRta bhApA ko vyAkaraNasammata vyavasthita rUpa kAphI bAda meM milA | yaha bhI dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai ki jaisA prazraya saMskRta ko brAhmaNa vidvAnoM se milA, vaisA prAkRta ko nahIM mila skaa| ulTe, prAkRta ko mlecchoM kI bhApA ullikhita kara usake par3hane aura sunane kA niSedha hI kiyA gayA / ' vastunaH zikSA aura vyAkaraNa kI sahAyatA se jo sunizcita aura mugaThita 1. lokAyatam kutakam ca prAkRtaM mlecchabhASitam / zrotavyaM dvijetad bhadho bhayati tad dvijam // (palapurANa, pUrva0 98, 10)

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prAkRtaprakAza 637 rUpa saMskRta ko milA, prAkRta usase vaMcita raha gaI / vyAkaraNoM meM vararuci kA prAkRtavyAkaraNa sabase adhika vyavasthita aura prAmANika hai| lekina isake sUtroM se azvaghoSa ke nATaka, kharoSTrI lipi ke dhammapada aura ardhamAgadhI meM likhe hue jaina AgamoM Adi kI bhASAoM para koI prakAza nahIM pdd'taa| avazya hI paizAcI bhASA-jisakA koI bhI grantha upalabdha nahIM haike niyamoM kA ullekha yahA~ milatA hai| isase prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kI apUrNatA kA hI dyotana hotA hai|' prAkRtaprakAza mArkaNDeya ne apane prAkRtasarvasva ke AraMbha meM zAkalya, bharata aura kohala nAma ke prAkRta vyAkaraNakartAoM ke nAma ginAye haiM, isase patA lagatA hai ki zAkalya Adi ne bhI prAkRtavyAkaraNoM kI racanA kI hai jinase mArkaNDeya ne apanI sAmagrI lI hai| vartamAna lekhakoM meM bharata ne hI sarvaprathama prAkRta bhApAoM ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA hai| vararuci kA prAkRtaprakAza' upalabdha vyAkaraNoM meM sabase prAcIna hai| isa para kAtyAyana ( IsavI san kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI) kRta mAnI jAne vAlI prAkRtamaMjarI aura bhAmaha 1. dekhiye manamohanaghopa, karpUramaMjarI kI bhUmikA, pR. 18 / 2. DAkTara sI0 kunahana rAjA dvArA sampAdita, aDayAra lAibrerI, madrAsa dvArA san 1946 meM prakAzita; bhAmaha aura kAtyAyana kI vRttiyoM aura baMgAlI anuvAda ke sAtha vasantakumAra zarmA caTTopAdhyAya dvArA sampAdita, san 1914 meM kalakattA se prkaashit| isakA prathama saMskaraNa harTaphorDa se IsavI san 1854 meM chapA thaa| dUsarA saMskaraNa kovela ne apanI TippaNiyoM aura anuvAda ke sAtha bhAmaha kI TIkA sahita san 1868 meM laMdana se prakAzita kraayaa| isakA nayA saMskaraNa rAmazAstrI tailaMga ne san 1899 meM banArasa se nikaalaa| tatpazcAt vasaMtarAja kI prAkRtasaMjIvanI aura sadAnanda kI sadAnandA nAma kI TIkAoM sahita sarasvatIbhavana sIrIz2a, banArasa se san 1927 meM prakAzita / phira

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638 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (IsavI san kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI) kRta manoramA, vasaMtarAjakRta prAkRtasaMjIvanI (IsavI san kI 14vIM-15vIM zatAbdI) tathA sadAnandakRta sadAnandA aura nArAyaNavidyAvinodakRta prAkRtapAda nAma kI TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiM jisase isa vyAkaraNa kI lokapriyatA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| kaMsavaho aura usANiruddha ke racayitA malAbAra ke nivAsI rAmapANivAda ne bhI isa para TIkA' likhI hai| keralAnivAsI kRSNalIlAzuka ne isa ke niyamoM ko samajhAne ke lie siriciMdhakavva nAma kA kAvya likhA hai| isase patA lagatA hai ki prAkRtaprakAza kA dakSiNa meM bhI khUba pracAra huaa| isa grantha meM 12 pariccheda haiM, inameM nau paricchedoM meM mahArASTrI prAkRta ke lakSaNoM kA varNana hai, dasaveM pariccheda meM paizAcI aura gyArahaveM meM mAgadhI ke lakSaNa batAye haiN| ye donoM pariccheda bAda ke mAne jAte haiM, tathA bhAmaha athavA anya kisI TIkAkAra ke likhe hue batAye jAte haiN| 12veM pariccheda meM zaurasenI kA vivecana hai, isa para bhAmaha kI TIkA nahIM hai, isase yaha pariccheda bhI bAda kA jAna par3atA hai| prAkRtasaMjIvanI aura prAkRtamaMjarI meM kevala mahArASTrI kA hI varNana milatA hai| jAna par3atA hai ye tInoM pariccheda hemacandra ke samaya se pahale hI sammilita kara liye gaye the| zaurasenI ko yahA~ pradhAna prAkRta batAyA hai, mahArASTrI kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase yahI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vararuci ke samaya taka mahArASTrI kA utkarSa nahIM huA thaa| DAkTara pI0 ela0 vaidya dvArA pUnA orieNla sIrIz2a se san 1931 meM prakAzita / yunivarsiTI oNva kalakattA dvArA san 1943 meM prakAzita, dinezacandra sarakAra kI 'grAmara oNva da prAkRta laiMgveja' meM prAkRtaprakAza kA aMgrejI anuvAda diyA hai| ke0 pI0 trivedI ne ise gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha navasArI se san 1957 meM prakAzita kiyA hai| 1. isa TIkA meM mAthAsaptazatI, karpUramaMjarI, setubaMdha aura kaMsavaho Adi se uddharaNa prastuta kiye gae haiN|

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prAkRtalakSaNa 639 prAkRtalakSaNa prAkRta kA dUsarA vyAkaraNa caNDa kA prAkRtalakSaNa hai jisameM tIna adhyAyoM meM 66 sUtroM meM prAkRta kA vivecana hai|' vIra bhagavAn ko namaskAra kara vRddhamata kA anusaraNa kara caNDa ne isa vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI hai / apabhraMza, paizAcI aura mAgadhI kA yahA~ eka-eka sUtra meM ullekha kara unakI sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM batAI haiN| kucha vidvAn isa vyAkaraNa ko prAcIna kahate haiM, kucha kA mAnanA hai ki anya graMthoM ke AdhAra se isakI racanA huI hai| prAkRtakAmadhenu laMkezvara ne prAkRtakAmadhenu athavA prAkRtalaMkezvararAvaNa kI racanA kI hai| graMtha ke maMgalAcaraNa se mAlUma hotA hai ki laMkezvara ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa ke Upara anya koI vistRta grantha thA jise saMkSipta kara prastuta grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai| yahA~ 34 sUtroM meM prAkRta ke niyamoM kA vivecana hai| bahuta se sUtra aspaSTa haiN| 11veM sUtra meM a ke sthAna meM u kA pratipAdana kara (jaise gRha = ghara) apabhraMza kI ora iMgita kiyA hai| antima sUtra meM yoSit ke sthAna meM mahilA zabda kA prayoga svIkAra kiyA hai| saMkSiptasAra hemacandra ke siddhahema kI bhA~ti kramadIzvara ne bhI saMkSiptasAra nAma ke eka saMskRta-prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI hai| isake 1. bhUmikA Adi sahita hArnela dvArA san 1880 meM kalakattA se prakAzita / satyavijaya jaina graMthamAlA kI ora se ahamadAbAda se bhI san 1929 meM prakAzita / 2. DAkTara manomohanaghopa dvArA saMpAdita prAkRtakalpataru ke sAtha pariziSTa naMbara 2 meM pRSTha 170-173 para prakAzita / 3. sabase pahale lAssena ne apane insTITyUtsIonesa meM isake

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640 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prAkRtapAda nAma ke AThaveM adhyAya meM prAkRtavyAkaraNa likhA gayA hai, zeSa sAmagrI kI sajAvaTa, pAribhASika zabdoM ke nAma Adi meM donoM meM koI sAmya nhiiN| kramadIzvara ne bhI vararuci kA hI anugamana kiyA hai| inake saMkSipasAra para kaI TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiN| svayaM kramadIzvara kI eka svopajJa TIkA hai, isa TIkA kI eka vyAkhyA bhI hai| kevala prAkRtapAda kI TIkA caNDIdevazarmana ne prAkRtadIpikA nAma se kI hai| kramadIzvara kA samaya IsavI san kI 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| prAkRtAnuzAsana isake kartA puruSottama haiM jo IsavI san kI 12 vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN| ye vaMgAla ke nivAsI the| isameM tIna se lagAkara bIsa adhyAya haiM,-tIsarA adhyAya apUrNa hai| nauMve adhyAya meM zaurasenI aura dasaveM meM prAcyA ke niyama diye haiN| prAcyA ko lokokti-bahula batAyA hai, isake zeSa rUpa zaurasenI ke samAna hote haiN| gyArahaveM adhyAya meM avantI aura bArahaveM meM mAgadhI kA vivecana hai| tatpazcAt vibhASAoM meM zAkArI, cAMDAlI, zAbarI aura TakkadezI ke niyama batAye haiN| zAkArI meM ka aura TakkI meM ud kI bahulatA pAI jAtI hai| isake bAda apabhraMza meM nAgaraka, brAcaDa, upanAgara Adi kA vivecana hai| anta meM kaikeya, paizAcika aura zaurasenI paizAcika ke lakSaNa diye haiN| saMbaMdha meM vistArapUrvaka likhA hai| inakA 'rADikesa prAkRtikAe~' san 1839 meM kheliusa dvArA prakAzita huA hai| phira rAjendralAla mitra ne prAkRtapAda kA sampUrNa saMskaraNa bibliothikA iMDikA meM prakAzita karAyA / isakA nayA saMskaraNa san 1889 meM kalakatse se chapA thaa| 1. ela. nittI DaulcI dvArA mahatvapUrNa phrenca kI bhUmikA sahita san 1938 meM perisa se prakAzita / DAkTara manomohanaghoSa dvArA saMpAdita prAkRtakalpataru ke sAtha pariziSTa 1 meM pR0 156-169 taka aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzitaH /

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prAkRtakalpataru 641 prAkRtakalpataru prAkRtakalpataru ke kartA rAmazarmA tarkavAgIza bhaTTAcArya hai jo baMgAla ke rahane vAle the| inakA samaya IsavI san kI 17 vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| rAmazarmA ne viSaya ke vivecana meM puruSottama ke prAkRtAnuzAsana kA hI anugamana kiyA hai| isa para lekhaka kI svopajJa TIkA hai| isameM tIna zAkhAyeM haiN| pahalI zAkhA meM dasa stavaka haiM jinameM mahArASTrI ke niyamoM kA pratipAdana hai| dUsarI zAkhA meM tIna stavaka haiM jinameM zaurasenI, prAcyA, AvantI, bAhnIkI, mAgadhI, ardhamAgadhI aura dAkSiNAtyA kA vivecana hai| prAcyA kA vidUSaka Adi dvArA bole jAne kA yahA~ ullekha hai| AvantI kI siddhi zaurasenI aura prAcyA ke saMmizraNa se batAI gaI hai| AvantI aura bAhnIkI bhApAyeM nagarAdhipa, dvArapAla, dhUrta, madhyama pAtra, daNDadhArI aura vyApAriyoM dvArA bolI jAtI thiiN| mAgadhI rAkSasa, bhikSu aura kSapaNaka Adi dvArA bolI jAtI thI, tathA mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI isakA AdhAra thaa| dAkSiNAtyA ke sambandha meM kahA hai ki padoM se mizrita, saMskRta Adi bhASAoM se yukta isakA kAvya amRta se bhI adhika sarasa hotA hai| vibhApAoM meM zAkArika, cAMDAlikA, zAbarI,AbhIrikA aura TakkI kA vivecana hai| rAjA ke sAle, madoddhata, capala aura atimUrkha ko zAkAra kahA hai| zAkAra dvArA bolI jAnevAlI bhASA zAkArikA kahI jAtI hai| isako grAmya, nirarthaka, kramaviruddha, nyAya-Agama Adi vihIna, upamAnarahita aura punaruktiyoM sahita kahA gayA hai| isa vibhASA ke padoM ke dopako guNa mAnA gayA hai| cANDAlI zaurasenI aura mAgadhI kA mizraNa hai / 1. DAkTara manamohanaghoSa dvArA saMpAdita, eziyATika sosAyaTI kalakattA dvArA 1954 meM prakAzita / isI ke sAtha puruSottama kA prAkRtAnuzAsana, laMkezvara kA prAkRtakAmadhenu aura viSNudharmottara kA prAkRtalakSaNa bhI prakAzita hai| 41 prA0 sA

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phara prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa isameM grAmyoktiyoM kI bahulatA rahatI hai / zAbarI mAgadhI se banI hai| aMgArika (koyalA jalAnevAle), vyAdha tathA nAva aura kASTha upajIvI isakA prayoga karate haiN| mAgadhI pAtroM ke bheda se AbhIrikA, drAviDikA, autkalI, vAnaukasI aura mAndurikA nAma kI vibhApAoM meM vibhAjita hai / AbhIrikA zAbarI se siddha hotI hai| isa vibhApA ke yahA~ kucha hI rUpa liye haiM, zepa rUpoM ko unake prayogoM se jAnane kA Adeza hai| TakkI bhASA juArI aura dhUtroM ke dvArA bolI jAtI thii| zAkArI, auDrI aura drAviDI vibhApAoM ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki yadyapi ye apabhraMza meM antarbhUta hotI haiM, lekina yadi nATaka Adi meM inakA prayoga hotA hai to ve apabhraMza nahIM kahI jaatiiN| tIsarI zAkhA meM nAgara, apabhraMza, vAcaDa, apabhraMza tathA paizAcika kA vivecana hai| paizAcika ke do bheda haiM--eka zuddha, dUsarA saMkIrNa | kaikaya, zaurasena pAMcAla, gauDa, mAgadha aura vAcaDa paizAcika kA yahA~ vivecana kiyA hai| prAkRtasarvasva prAkRtasarvasva ke kartA mArkaNDeya haiM jo ur3IsA ke rahanevAle the / mukundadeva ke rAjya meM unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA kI thii|' inakA samaya IsavI san kI 17vIM zatAbdI hai| mArkaNDeya ne grantha ke Adi meM zAkalya, bharata, kohala, vararuci, bhAmaha, vasantarAja Adi kA nAmollekha kiyA hai jinake granthoM kA avalokana kara unhoMne prAkRtasarvasva kI racanA kii| yahA~ aniruddhabhaTTa, bhaTTikAvya, bhojadeva, daNDI, harizcandra, kapila, piMgala, rAjazekhara, vAkpatirAja tathA saptazatI aura setubandha kA ullekha hai| mahArASTrI, zaurasenI aura bhAgadhI ke sivAya prAkRta kI anya boliyoM kA jJAna prApta karane ke liye yaha / 1. bhaTTanAthasvAmi dvArA saMpAdita, granthapradarzinI, viz2agApaTTama se 1927 meM prakAzita /

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siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana 643 vyAkaraNa atyanta upayogI hai| yahA~ 20 pAdoM meM bhApA, vibhApA, apabhraMza aura paizAcI kA varNana kiyA hai| bhASAoM meM mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, prAcyA, AvantI aura mAgadhI ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| mahArASTrI prAkRta ke niyama ATha pAdoM meM haiM, yaha bhAga vararuci ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| nauveM pAda meM zaurasenI, dasaveM meM prAcyA, gyArahaveM meM AvantI aura bAhnIkI tathA bArahaveM meM mAgadhI aura ardhamAgadhI ke niyama batAye haiN| ardhamAgadhI ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki yaha zaurasenI se dUra na rahanevAlI mAgadhI hI hai / terahaveM se solahaveM pAda taka zAkArI, cAMDAlI, zAbarI, aur3I, AbhIrikA aura TakkI nAma kI pA~ca vibhASAoM kA varNana hai / satarahaveM aThArahaveM pAda meM nAgara, vAcaDa aura upanAgara ina tIna apabhraMzoM kA vivecana hai| unnIsaveM aura bIsaveM pAda meM paizAcI ke niyama batAye haiN| kaikaya, zaurasena aura pAMcAla ye paizAcI ke bheda haiN| isa prakAra bhASA, vibhApA Adi ke saba milAkara solaha bheda hote haiN| mArkaNDeya ne bAcaDa ko siMdha kI bolI mAnA hai| siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana (prAkRtavyAkaraNa) prAkRta ke pazcimI pradeza ke vidvAnoM meM AcArya hemacandra (san 1088-1172) kA nAma sarvaprathama hai| unakA prAkRtavyAkaraNa siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana kA AThavA~ adhyAya hai / siddharAja ko arpita kiye jAne aura hemacandra dvArA racita hone ke kAraNa ise siddhahema kahA gayA hai / hemacandra kI isa para prakAzikA nAma kI' svopajJa vRtti hai| isa para aura bhI TIkAyeM haiN| udayasaubhAgyagaNi ne hemacandrIya vRtti para hemaprAkRtavRttiDhuMDhikA nAmakI TIkA 1. pizala dvArA sampAdita, IsavI san 1877-80 meM hAlle Amaz2Ara se prakAzita / pI0 ela0 vaidya dvArA sampAdita, san 1936 meM bhaMDArakara orieNTala risarca iMsTiTyUTa, pUnA se prakAzita; saMzodhita saMskaraNa 1958 meM prakAzita /

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644 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa likhI hai| naracandrasUri ne bhI hemacandra ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa kI TIkA banAI hai| isa vyAkaraNa meM cAra pAda hai| pahale tIna pAdoM meM aura cauthe pAda ke kucha aMza maiM sAmAnya prAkRta, jise hemacandra ne ArSa prAkRta kahA hai, ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| tatpazcAt cauthe pAda ke antima bhAga meM zaurasanI (260-286 sUtra), mAgadhI (287-302), paizAcI (303-24), cUlikA. paizAcI ( 325-328) aura phira apabhraMza (326-446) kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / 'kazcit', 'kecit', 'anye' Adi zabdoM ke prayogoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki hemacandra ne apane se pahale ke vyAkaraNakAroM se bhI sAmagrI lI hai / yahA~ mAgadhI kA vivecana karate hue prasaMgavaza eka niyama ardhamAgadhI ke liye bhI de diyA hai / isake anusAra ardhamAgadhI meM pulliMga kartA ke eka vacana meM a ke sthAna meM ekAra ho jAtA hai (vastutaH yaha niyama mAgadhI bhASA ke liye lAgU hotA hai)| jaina AgamoM ke prAcIna sUtroM ko ardhamAgadhI meM racita kahA gayA hai (porANamaddhamAgahabhAsAniyayaM havai suttN)| apabhraMza kA yahA~ vistRta vivecana hai| apabhraMza ke aneka ajJAta graMthoM se zRGgAra, nIti aura vairAgyasambandhI sarasa dohe uddhata kiye gaye haiN| prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana ke kartA trivikrama haiN| inhoMne maGgalAcaraNa meM vIra bhagavAn ko namaskAra kiyA hai tathA dhavalA ke kartA vIrasena aura jinasena Adi AcAryoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve digambara jaina the| vidyamuni 1. dekhiye pizala, prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 77 / 2. isakA prathama adhyAya graMtha pradarzinI, viz2agApaTTama se san 1896 meM prakAzita; TI0 laDaDU dvArA san 1912 meM prakAzita, DAkTara pI. ela. vaidya dvArA saMpAdita, jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA, zolApura kI ora se san 1954 meM prakAzita /

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prAkRtarUpAvatAra ahanandi ke samIpa baiThakara unhoMne jainazAstroM kA abhyAsa kiyA thA / unhoMne apane Apako sukavi rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai, yadyapi abhI taka unakA koI kAvya-graMtha prakAza meM nahIM aayaa| inakA samaya IsavI san kI 13vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| trivikrama ne sAdhAraNatayA hemacandra ke siddhahama (prAkRtavyAkaraNa) kA hI anugamana kiyA hai / hemacandra kI bhA~ti inhoMne bhI ArSa (prAkRta ) kA ullekha kiyA hai, lekina unake anusAra dezya aura ArSa donoM rUr3ha hone ke kAraNa svatantra haiM isaliye unake vyAkaraNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM; saMpradAya dvArA hI unake sambandha meM jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yahA~ usI prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa ke niyama diye haiM jinake zabdoM kI khoja sAdhyamAna saMskRta aura siddha saMskRta se kI jA sakatI hai| trivikrama ne isa vyAkaraNa para svopajJa vRtti kI racanA kI hai| prAkRta rUpoM ke vivecana meM unhoMne hemacandra kA Azraya liyA hai| isameM tIna adhyAya haiM,pratyeka meM cAra-cAra pAda haiN| prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM prAkRta kA vivecana hai| tatpazcAt tRtIya adhyAya ke dUsare pAda meM zaurasenI (1-26), mAgadhI (27-42), paizAcI (43-63), aura cUlikApaizAcI (64-67) ke niyama diye hue haiM / tIsare aura cauthe pAdoM meM apabhraMza kA vivecana hai| prAkRtarUpAvatAra isake kartA samudrabaMdhayajvan ke putra siMharAja haiM jo IsavI sana kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke prathamArdha ke vidvAn mAne jAte haiM / 1. tadbhava zabda do prakAra ke hote haiM-sAdhyamAna saMskRtabhava aura siddha saMskRtabhava / jo prAkRta zabda una saMskRta zabdoM kA, binA upasarga aura pratyaya ke, mUlarUpa batAte haiM jinase ki ve bane haiM, pahalI zreNI meM Ate haiN| jo vyAkaraNa se siddha saMskRta rUpoM se bane haiM aise prAkRta zabda dUsarI zreNI meM Ate haiM (jaise vanditA) saMskRta vanditvA se banA hai / ___2. hulza dvArA sampAdita, raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI kI ora se san 1909 meM prakAzita /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa paramparA dvArA isa vyAkaraNa ke kartA vAlmIki kahe gaye haiN| siMharAja ne apane grantha meM pUrva (12-42), kaumAra (kAMtatra) aura pANinIya (2-2) kA ullekha kiyA hai / vastutaH trivikrama kA AdhAra mAnakara yaha vyAkaraNa likhA gayA hai| isa ke chaH bhAga haiM jo 22 adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita haiN| prAkRta zabda tIna prakAra ke batAye haiM-saMskRtasama, saMskRtabhava aura deshii| 18veM adhyAya meM zaurasenI, 19veM meM mAgadhI, 20veM meM paizAcI, 21 veM meM cUlikApaizAcI aura 22veM adhyAya meM apabhraMza kA vivecana hai| saMjJA aura kriyApadoM kI rUpAvali ke jJAna ke liye yaha vyAkaraNa bahuta upayogI hai| SaDbhApAcandrikA SaDbhApArcAndrakA' meM lakSmIdhara ne prAkRtoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne prAkRta', zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikApaizAcI" aura apabhraMza ina chaha bhASAoM kA 1. kamalAzaMkara prANazaMkara trivedI dvArA sampAdita vAmbe saMskRta aura prAkRta sIraz2a meM san 1996 meM prakAzita / 2. lacamIdhara ne prAkRta ko mahArASTrodbhava kahA hai| isake samarthana meM unhoMne AcArya daNDI kA pramANa diyA hai| svopajJavRtti meM lekhaka ne saba striyoM aura nIca jAti ke logoM dvArA prAkRta bole jAne kA nirdeza kiyA hai (zloka 32-33) / 3. zaurasenI chadmaveSadhArI sAdhuoM, kinhIM ke anusAra jainoM tathA adhama aura madhyama logoM dvArA bolI jAtI thI (zloka 34) / 4. mAgadhI dhIvara Adi atinIca puruSoM dvArA bolI jAtI thI (zloka 35) / 5. paizAcI aura cUlikApaizAcI rAkSama, pizAca aura nIca vyaktiyoM dvArA bolI jAtI thI (zloka 35) / yahA~ para pAMDya, kekaya. bAhIka, siMha, nepAla, kuntala, sudheSNa, bhoja, gAMdhAra, haiva aura kannauja dezoM kI gaNanA pizAca dezoM meM kI gaI hai| (zloka 29-30) 6. apabhraMza AbhIra Adi kI bolI thI aura kaviprayoga ke liye

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prAkRtamaNidIpa 647 vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai| jaisA hama Upara dekha Aye haiM AcArya hemacandra ne bhI bhASAoM kA yahI vibhAga kiyA hai / ' apabhraMza kA bhI lakSmIdhara ne vistRta vivecana kiyA hai, antara itanA hI hai ki hemacandra kI bhA~ti unhoMne apabhraMza ke granthoM meM se udAharaNa nahIM diye / lakSmIdhara lakSmaNasUri ke nAma se bhI kahe jAte the, ye AMdhradeza ke rahanevAle zivopAsaka the / trivikrama kI vRtti ke AdhAra para unhoMne paDbhApAcandrikA kI racanA kI hai / trivikrama, hemacandra aura bhAmaha ko guru mAnakara prastuta grantha meM inhIM kI racanAoM ko unhoMne saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA hai / lakSmIdhara kI anya racanAoM meM gItagovinda aura prasannarAghava kI TIkAyeM mukhya haiM / prAkRtamaNidIpa prAkRtamaNidIpa ( athavA prAkRtamaNidIpikA ) ke kartA appayadIkSita haiM jo zaivadharmAnuyAyI the| IsavI san 1553 - 1636 meM ye vidyamAna the / unhoMne zivArkamaNidIpikA Adi zaivadharma ke aneka mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI hai / kuvalayAnanda ke bhI ye kartA haiM / appayadIkSita ne trivikrama, hemacandra aura lakSmIdhara kA ullekha apane grantha meM kiyA hai / granthakAra ke kathanAnusAra puSpavananAtha, vararuci aura appayajvan ne jo yaha ayogya samajhI jAtI thI ( zloka 31 ) / isake samarthana meM lekhaka daMDI kA uddharaNa diyA hai / 1. bhAmakavi kI paDbhApAcandrikA, durgaNAcArya kI pabhASArUpamAlikA tathA SaDbhApAmaMjarI, paDbhApAsucaMtAdarza aura pabhASAvicAra meM bhI inhIM chaha bhASAoM kA vivecana hai, dekhiye padmApAcandrikA kI bhUmikA pRSTha 4 / 2. zrInivAsa gopAlAcArya kI TippaNI sahita orieNTala risarca iMsTiTyUTa pablikezansa yunivarsiTI oNva maisUra kI ora se san 1954 meM prakAzita |

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648 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vArtikArNavabhAjya Adi kI racanA kI ve bahuta vistRna the, ataeva unhoMne saMkSepa rucivAle pAThakoM ke liye maNidIpikA likhI hai| zrInivAsagopAlAcArya ne isa vyAkaraNa para saMskRta meM TippaNI likhI hai| prAkRtAnanda prAkRtAnanda ke racayitA paMDita raghunAtha kavi jyotivin sarasa ke putra the / ye 18vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN| isa grantha meM 416 sUtra haiN| prathama pariccheda meM zabda aura dUsara meM dhAtuvicAra kiyA gayA hai| jaise siMharAja ne trivikrama ke sUtroM ko prAkRtarUpAvatAra meM sajAyA hai, vaise hI raghunAtha ne vararuci ke prAkRtaprakAza ke sUtroM ko bar3e DhaMga se prAkRtAnanda meM sajAyA hai / prAkRta ke anya vyAkaraNa isake sivAya jaina aura ajaina vidvAnoM ne aura bhI prAkRta ke aneka vyAkaraNa likhe| zubhacandra ne hemacandra kA anukaraNa karake zabdaciMtAmaNi, zrutasAgara ne audAryacintAmaNi', samantabhadra ne prAkRtavyAkaraNa aura devasuMdara ne prAkRtayukti kI racanA kii| dhavalA ke TIkAkAra vIrasena ne bhI kisI ajJAtakartRka padyAtmaka vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa 1. yaha graMtha siMghI jaina granthamAlA meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| muni jinavijaya jI kI kRpA se isakI sudrita prati mujhe dekhane ko milI hai| 2. dekhiye DhAkTara e0 ena0 upAdhye kA enalsa oNva bhaMDArakara orieNTala iMsTiTyUTa ( jilda 13, pR0 37-38) meM 'zubhacandra aura unakA prAkRta vyAkaraNa' nAmaka lekha / 3. bhaTTanAthasvAmin (pR0 29-44) dvArA prakAzita, prakAzana kA samaya nahIM diyA hai| 4. dekhiye jaina granthAvali (pRSTha 307) meM hastalikhita graMthoM kI suucii|

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649 prAkRta ke anya vyAkaraNa vyAkaraNakAra kA samaya IsavI san kI 8vIM zatAbdI se 12vIM zatAbdI ke bIca mAnA gayA hai| ajaina vidvAnoM meM narasiMha ne prAkRtazabdapradIpikA, kRSNapaMDita athavA zeSakRSNa ne prAkRtacandrikA' aura prAkRtapiMgala-TIkA ke racayitA vAmanAcArya ne prAkRtacandrikA likhI / isI prakAra prAkRtakomudI, prAkRtasAhityaratnAkara, SaDbhASAsubantAdarza, bhApArNava Adi grantha likhe gaye / __yUropa ke vidvAnoM ne prAkRta ke vyAkaraNoM kA Adhunika DhaMga se sAMgopAMga adhyayana kiyaa| sabase pahale hoephara ne 'De prAkRta DiAlekTo libriduo' (barlina se san 1836 meM prakAzita) nAmaka pustaka likhI / prAyaH isI samaya lAssana ne 'insTITyUsIonesa liMguAe prAkRtikAe' (bauna se san 1836 meM prakAzita ) prakAzita kI, jisameM unhoMne prAkRtasambandhI pracura sAmagrI ekatrita kara dI / vebara ne mahArASTrI aura ardhamAgadhI para kAma kiyaa| eDavarDa myUlara ne ardhamAgadhI aura haramana yAkobI ne mahArASTrI kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyaa| kauvela ne 'e zArTa inTroDakzana TU da ArDinarI prAkRta oNva da saMskRta DrAmA vida e lisTa oNva kaoNmana iregulara prAkRta vasa' ( landana se 1875 meM prakAzita) pustaka likhii| hoga ne phairaglAizRMgaDesa prAkRtA mita Dena romAnizana zmAkhan' (barlina se san 1869meM prakAzita) pustaka prakAzita kii| hoenala ne bhI prAkRta vyutpattizAstroM para kAma kiyaa| ricarDa pizala kA 'prAmeTika Dera 1. dekhiye DAkTara hIrAlAla jaina kA bhAratakaumudI (pRSTha 315-22) meM 'Tresez2a oNva aina olDa mITrikala grAmara' nAmaka lekha / bhAratakaumudI ke isa aMka kA samaya nahIM jJAta ho skaa| 2. yaha zlokabaddha hai / pITarsana kI tharDa riporTa meM pRSTha 342-48 para isake uddharaNa diye haiN| 3. zakuntalAnATaka kI candrazekharakRta TIkA meM ullikhita / 4. dekhiye pizala, prAkRtabhApAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 88-9 / . 5. dekhiye pizala, prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 92-3 /

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650 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prAkRta zprAkhena' (sTraisavarga se san 1600 meM prakAzita ) 'prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa' nAma se DAkTara hemacandra jozI dvArA hindI meM anUdita hokara bihAra-rASTrabhASA-paripad, paTanA se prakAzita ho cukA hai| (kha ) chandograntha vRttajAtisamuccaya vyAkaraNa kI bhA~ti kAvya ko sArthaka banAne ke liye chaMda kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / chaMda ke Upara bhI prAkRta meM granthoM kI racanA huI / vRttajAtisamuccaya chaMdazAstra kA prAkRta meM likhA huA eka mahattvapUrNa prAcIna graMtha hai jisake kartA kA nAma virahAMka hai| virahAMka jAti ke brAhmaNa the tathA saMskRta aura prAkRta ke vidvAn the / durbhAgya se grantha ke kartA kA vAstavika nAma jAnane ke hamAre pAsa sAdhana nahIM hai| virahAMka ne apanI priyA ko lakSya karake isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| grantha ke Adi meM granthakatA ne sarasvatI ko namaskAra karane ke pazcAt gandhahasti, sadbhAvalAMchana, piMgala aura apalepacihna ko namaskAra kiyA hai| Age calakara viSadhara (kambala aura azvatara), sAlAhaNa, bhujagAdhipa aura vRddhakavi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| durbhAgya se virahAMka ne chandoM kA udAharaNa dene ke liye tatkAlIna prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA upayoga apane grantha meM nahIM kiyaa| usa samaya apabhraMza boliyA~ prAkRta bhApAoM ke sAtha sthAna prApta karane ke liye prayatnazIla ho rahI thIM, isake Upara se prophesara velenakara ne kavi virahAMka kA samaya IsavI san kI chaThI aura AThavIM zatAbdI ke bIca svIkAra kiyA hai| 1. yaha anya prophesara eca0 DI0 velenakara dvArA saMpAdita hokara unakI vidvattApUrNa prastAvanA ke sAtha siMghI jaina granthamAlA bambaI se zIghra hI prakAzita ho rahA hai / muni jinavijaya jI kI kRpA se yaha mudrita anya mujhe dekhane ko milA hai|

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vRttajAtisamuccaya 651 vRttajAtisamuccaya padyAtmaka prAkRta bhASA meM likhA gayA hai jisameM mAtrAchaMda aura varNachanda ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai | yaha grantha chaha niyamoM meM vibhakta hai| pahale niyama meM prAkRta ke samasta chandoM ke nAma ginAye haiM jinheM Age ke samayoM meM samAyA gayA hai / tIsare niyama meM dvipadI chanda ke 52 prakAroM kA pratipAdana hai / cauthe niyama meM prAkRta ke suprasiddha gAthA - chanda kA lakSaNa batAyA hai, isake 26 prakAra haiN| pA~cavA~ niyama saMskRta meM hai, isameM saMskRta ke 50 varNachandoM kA varNana hai / chaThe niyama meM prastAra, naSTa, uddiSTa, laghukriyA, saMkhyA aura adhvAna nAma chaha pratyayoM kA lakSaNa batAyA hai / virahAMka ne aDilA, DhosA mAgadhikA aura mAtrA raDDA ko krama se AbhIrI, mAruvAI ( mAravAr3I ), mAgadhI aura apabhraMza se upalakSita kahA hai (4-28-36 ) cakrapAla ke putra gopAla ne vRttajAtisamuccaya kI aneka pratiyoM ko dekha kara usa para TIkA likhI hai| TIkAkArane piMgala, saitava, kAtyAyana, bharata, kaMbala aura azvatara ko namaskAra kiyA hai | vidarpaNa nandiSeNakRta ajitazAntistava ke Upara likhI huI jinaprabha kI TIkA meM kavidarpaNa kA ullekha milatA hai / yaha TIkA samvat 1365 meM likhI gaI thI / durbhAgya se kavidarpaNa aura usake TIkAkAra kA nAma ajJAta hai' / mUla granthakartA aura TIkAkAra 1. yaha graMtha prophesara eca0 DI0 velenakara dvArA saMpAdita siMdhI jaina granthamAlA bambaI se prakAzita ho rahA hai / mudrita graMtha mujhe muni jinavijayajI kI kRpA se dekhane ko milA hai| isI ke sAtha nandinAvya kA gAthAlakSaNa, ratnazekharasUri kA chandaHkoza aura nandipeNa ke ajitazAMtistava kI jinaprabhIya TIkA ke antargata chandolakSaNAni bhI prakAzita ho rahe haiM /

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652 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa donoM jaina the aura donoM ne hemacandra ke chandonuzAsana ke uddharaNa diye haiN| jinaprabha ke samaya chanda kA yaha grantha suprasiddha thA, isIliye ajitazAntistava ke chandoM ko samajhAne ke liye jinaprabha ne hemacandra ke chandonuzAsana ke sthAna para kavidarpaNa kA hI upayoga kiyA hai| prophesara velenakara ne kavidarpaNa kA racanAkAla IsavI san kI 13 vIM zatAbdI mAnA hai| chandonuzAsana ke atirikta isa grantha meM siMhaharSa kI ranAvali nATikA tathA jinamRri, suraprabhasUri aura tilakasUri kI racanAoM ke uddharaNa diye haiN| bhImadeva, kumArapAla, jayasiMhadeva aura zAkaMbharirAja nAmaka rAjAoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai / svayaMbhU,manoratha aura pAdalipta kI kRtiyoM meM se bhI yahA~ uddharaNa diye gaye haiN| TIkAkAra ne chaMdaHkaMdalI kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve mUla granthakartA ke samakAlIna jAna par3ate haiN| kavidarpaNa meM chaha uddeza haiN| pahale uddeza meM mAtrA, varNa aura ubhaya ke bheda se tIna prakAra ke chanda batAye haiN| dUsare uddeza meM mAtrAchanda ke 11 prakAroM kA varNana hai| tIsare uddeza meM sama, ardhasama aura viSama nAmake varNachandoM kA svarUpa hai / cauthe uddeza meM samacatuSpadI, ardhasamacatuSpadI aura vipamacatuSpadI ke varNachandoM kA vivecana hai| pA~caveM uddeza meM ubhayachandoM aura chaThe uddeza meM prastAra aura saMkhyA nAma ke pratyayoM kA pratipAdana hai| gAhAlakkhaNa ( gAthAlakSaNa) gAthAlakSaNa prAkRta chaMdoM para likhI huI eka atyanta prAcIna racanA hai jisake kartA nanditAvya hai| isameM 62 gAthAoM meM gAthAchaMda kA nirdeza hai| nanditAvya ne grantha ke Adi meM neminAtha bhagavAn ko namaskAra kiyA hai jisase unakA jaina dharmAnuyAyI honA nizcita hai / granthakAra ne apabhraMza bhASA ke prati tiraskAra vyakta kiyA hai (gAthA 31) / isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki nanditAvya IsavI san 1000 ke AsapAsa

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chandaHkoza 653 meM maujUda rahe hoMge / gAthAlakSaNa para ratnacandra ne TIkA likhI hai / " chandaH koza chandaH koza meM 74 gAthAoM meM apabhraMza ke kucha chaMdoM kA vivecana hai / yaha racanA prAkRta aura apabhraMza donoM meM likhI gaI hai / isake kartA vajrasenasUri ke ziSya jaina vidvAn ratnazekharasUri haiM jo IsavI san kI 14vIM zatAbdI ke dvitIyArdha meM hue haiN| isa racanA meM arjuna ( alhu ) aura gosala ( gulhu ) nAmaka chaMdazAstra ke do vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai | candrakItti sUri ne isa para 17vIM zatAbdI meM TIkA likhI hai / chandolakSaNa ( jinaprabhIya TIkA ke antargata ) nandiSeNakRta ajitazAntistava ke Upara jinaprabha ne jo TIkA likhI hai usake antargata chaMda ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa TIkA meM kavidarpaNa kA ullekha milatA hai, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai / nandipeNa ne ajitazAMtistava meM 25 vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, inhIM kA vivecana jinaprabha TIkA meM kiyA gayA hai / chaMda:kaMdalI vidarpaNa ke TIkAkAra ne apanI TIkA meM chaMdaH kaMdalI kA ullekha kiyA hai / chaMdazAstra ke Upara likhI huI prAkRta kI yaha racanA thI / isake kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai / kavidarpaNa ke TIkAkAra ne chaMdaH kaMdalI meM se uddharaNa diye haiM / 1. jaisalamera bhAMDAgArIya granthasUcI ( pRSTha 61 ) ke anusAra bhaTTamukula ke putra haTa ne isa para vivRti likhI hai, dekhiye prophesara hIrAlAla kApaDiyA, pAiya bhASAo bhane sAhitya, pRSTha 62 phuTanoTa |

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654 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa prAkRtapaiMgala prAkRtapaiMgala' meM bhinna-bhinna granthakAroM kI racanAoM meM se prAkRta chandoM ke udAharaNa diye gaye haiN| AraMbha meM chandazAstra ke pravartaka piMgalanAga kA smaraNa kiyA hai| yahA~ mevADa ke rAjapUta rAjA hamIra ( rAjyakAla kA samaya IsavI san 1302) tathA sulatAna, khurasANa, ollA, sAhi, Adi kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| haribaMbha, hariharabaMbha, vijAhara, jajala Adi kaviyoM kA saMgrahakartA ne nAma nirdeza kiyA hai| rAjazekhara kI karparamaMjarI meM se yahA~ kucha padya uddhRta haiN| ina saba ullekhoM ke Upara se prAkRtapaigala ke saMgrahakartA kA samaya AcArya hemacandra ke pazcAta hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa kRti para IsavI san kI 16vIM athavA 17vIM zatAbdI ke AraMbha meM TIkAyeM likhI gaI hai| vizvanAthapaMcAnana kI piMgalaTIkA, vaMzIdharakRta piMgalaprakAza, kRSNIyavivaraNa tathA yAdavendrakRta piMgalatattvaprakAzikA nAma kI TIkAyeM mUlagrantha ke sAtha prakAzita huI haiN| avahaTTa kA prayoga yahA~ kAphI mAtrA meM milatA hai| svayaMbhUchanda yaha chandograntha mahAkavi svayaMbhU kA likhA huA hai jisameM apabhraMza chandoM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiN| svayaMbhU kI paumacariya meM se yahA~ aneka udAharaNa diye haiN| svayaMbhUchanda ke kitane hI chaMda ke lakSaNa aura udAharaNa hemacandra ke chandAnuzAsana meM pAye jAte haiN| 1. candramohanadhopa dvArA saMpAdita, da eziyATika sosAyaTI oNva baMgAla, kalakattA dvArA 1902 meM prakAzita / 2. yaha graMtha prophesara eca. DI. velenakara ke sampAdakatva meM sindhI jaina granthamAlA sIrIja meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| isakI mudrita prati muni jinavijaya jI kI kRpA se dekhane ko mujhe milI hai|

Page #663
pAiyalacchInAmamAlA (ga) koza pAiyalacchInAmamAlA saMskRta meM jo sthAna, amarakoza kA hai, vahI sthAna prAkRta meM dhanapAla kI pAiyalacchInAmamAlA kA hai| dhanapAla ne apanI choTI bahana sundarI ke liye vikrama saMvat 1026 ( IsavI san 172 ) meM dhArAnagarI meM isa koza kI racanA kI thii| prAkRta kA yaha ekamAtra koza hai| vyUlara ke anusAra isameM dezI zabda kula eka cauthAI haiM, bAkI tatsama aura tadbhava hai| isameM 276 gAthAyeM AryA chaMda meM haiM jinameM paryAyavAcI zabda diye gaye haiN| hemacandra ke abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM tathA zAraMgadharapaddhati meM dhanapAla ke padyoM ke uddharaNa milate haiM, isase patA lagatA hai ki dhanapAla ne aura bhI granthoM kI racanA kI hogI jo Ajakala upalabdha nahIM haiN| RpabhapaMcAzikA meM inhoMne RpabhanAtha bhagavAn kI stuti kI hai| isake sambandha meM pahale likhA jA cukA hai| hemacandrasUri ne apanI rayaNAvali (ratnAvali ) nAmakI desInAmamAlA meM dhanapAla, devarAja, gopAla, droNa, abhimAnacihna, pAdaliptAcArya aura zIlAMka nAmaka kozakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ajJAta kaviyoM ke uddharaNa bhI yahA~ diye gaye haiN| durbhAgya se ina kozakAroM kI racanAoM kA abhItaka patA nahIM claa| (gha) alaMkArazAstra ke granthoM meM prAkRta jaise bhASA ke adhyayana ke liye vyAkaraNazAstra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai vaise hI kAvya meM nipuNatA prApta karane ke liye 1. georga nyUlara dvArA saMpAdita hokara goeTiMgana meM san 1879 meM prakAzita / gulAbacanda lAlubhAI dvArA saMvat 1973 meM bhAvanagara se bhI prakAzita / abhI hAla meM paNDita becaradAsa dvArA saMzodhita hokara bambaI se prakAzita /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa alaMkArazAstra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| kAvya ke svarUpa, rasa. dopa, guNa, rIti aura alaMkAroM kA nirUpaNa alaMkArazAstra meM kiyA jAtA hai / vaidika aura laukika granthoM kA pUrNa jJAna prApta karane ke liye alaMkArazAstra kA jJAna nitAnta Avazyaka banAyA hai| rAjazekhara ne to ise veda kA aMga hI mAna liyA hai| alaMkArazAstra ke kitane hI prAcIna aura arvAcIna praNetA hue haiM jinameM bharata, bhAmaha, daNDI, vAmana, rudraTa, Anandavardhana, kuntala, abhinavagupta, vAgbhaTa, ruyyaka, bhojarAja, mammaTa, hemacandra, vizvanAtha, appayadIkSita aura paNDitarAja jagannAtha ke nAma mukhya haiN| alaMkArazAstra ke ina diggaja paMDitoM ne prAkRta bhASAoM saMbaMdhI carcA karane ke sAtha-sAtha grantha meM pratipAdita vipaya ke udAharaNasvarUpa prAkRta ke aneka sarasa padya uddhRta kiye haiM jisase patA lagatA hai ki ina vidvAnoM ke samakSa prAkRta sAhitya kA anupama bhaNDAra thaa| inameM se bahuta se padma gAthAsaptazatI, setubandha, gauDavaho, ratnAvali, karpUramaJjarI Adi se uddhRta haiM; aneka ajJAtakartRka haiN| vizvanAtha ne apane kuvalayAzvacarita se kucha padya uddhRta kiye haiN| durbhAgya se ina granthoM ke prAkRta aMza kA jaisA cAhiye vaisA AlocanAtmaka saMpAdana nahIM huA, isaliye prakAzita saMskaraNoM para hI avalaMbita rahanA par3atA hai| kAvyAdarza kAvyAdarza ke racayitA daNDI ( IsavI san 7-8vIM zatAbdI kA madhya ) alaMkArasampradAya ke eka bahuta bar3e vidvAn the| unhoMne kAvya kI zobhA bar3hAnevAle alaMkAroM kA apane graMtha meM varNana kiyA hai| kAvyAdarza' (1.32 ) meM saMskRta, prAkRta, 1. pizala, prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 75-76 / 2. AcArya rAmacandra mizra dvArA saMpAdita, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI se saMvat 2017 meM prakAzita /

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658 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dhvanyAloka dhvanyAloka kI mUlakArikA aura usakI vivRti ke racayitA Anandavardhana kAzmIra ke rAjA avantivarmA (IsavI san 855883) ke sabhApati the| abhinavagupta ne isa graMtha para TIkA likhI hai| dhvanyAloka meM dhvani ko hI kAvya kI AtmA mAnA gayA hai| Anandavardhana ke samaya se alaMkAra granthoM meM mahArASTrI prAkRta ke padya bahulatA se uddhRta kiye jAne lge| dhvanyAloka' aura abhinavagupta kI TIkA meM prAkRta kI lagabhaga 46 gAthAyeM milatI haiN| nIti kI eka ukti dekhiye hoi Na guNANurAo khalANaM NavaraM pasiddhisaraNANam / kira pahnavai sasimaNI cande Na piAmudde diThe / / (1.13 TIkA) -prasiddhi ko prApta duSTajanoM ke prati guNAnurAga utpanna nahIM hotaa| jaise candramaNi candra ko dekhakara hI pasIjatI hai, priyA kA mukha dekhakara nhiiN| eka dUsarI ukti dekhiyecandamaUehiM NisA NalinI kamalehiM kusumagucchehiM laa| haMsehiM sarahasohA kavvakahA sajjaNehiM karai garui // (2.50 TIkA) -rAtri candramA kI kiraNoM se, nalinI kamaloM se, latA puSpa ke gucchoM se, zarad haMsoM se aura kAvyakathA sajanoM se zobhA ko prApta hotI hai| dazarUpaka dazarUpaka (athavA dazarUpa ) ke kartA dhanaMjaya (IsavI san kI dasavIM zatAbdI) mAlavA ke paramAravaMza ke rAjA muMja ke rAjakavi the| dazarUpaka bharata ke nATyazAstra ke Upara AdhArita 1. paTTAbhirAmazAstrI dvArA sampAdita, caukhaMbA saMskRta sIriz2a, banArasa se san 1940 meM prakAzita /

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sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa 659 hai, yaha kArikAoM meM likhA gayA hai| isake Upara dhanaMjaya ke laghu bhrAtA dhanika ne avaloka nAma kI vRtti likhI hai / dazarUpaka' meM prAkRta ke 26 padya uddhRta haiM / kucha padya gAthAsaptazatI, ratnAvali aura karpUramaMjarI se liye haiM, kucha svataMtra haiM / dhanika ke banAye hue padya bhI yahA~ milate haiM / lajjAvatI bhAryA kI prazaMsA suniye - lajjApajjattapasAhaNAI paratittiNippivAsAiM / aviNaadummehAI ghaNNANa ghare kalattAiM / / ( 2.15 ) -lajjA jisakA yatheSTa prasAdhana hai, para-puruSoM meM nispRha aura avinaya se anabhijJa aisI kalatra kisI bhAgyavAn ke hI ghara hotI hai / vRttikAra dhanika dvArA racita eka padya dekhiye taM ci vaaNaM te cacea loaNe jovvaNaM pi taM cacea / aNNA aNaMgalacchI aNNaM cia kiMpi sAhei // 2.33 ) vahI vacana hai, vahI netroM meM madamAtA yauvana hai, lekina kAmadeva kI zobhA kucha nirAlI hai aura vaha kucha aura hI batA rahI hai ! sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa bhojarAja ( IsavI san 666 - 1051 ) mAlava deza kI dhArA nagarI ke nivAsI the | unhoMne rAmAyaNacampU, zRGgAraprakAza Adi kI racanA kI hai / zRMgAraprakAza aura sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa unake alaMkArazAstra ke prasiddha grantha haiM / zRMgAraprakAza meM kula milAkara 36 prakAza haiM, jinameM se 26vA~ prakAza lupta ho gayA hai / isa grantha meM anaMgavatI, indulekhA, cArumatI, bRhatkathA, malayavatI, 1. vAsudeva lakSmaNazAstrI paNasIkara dvArA sampAdita, nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI se san 1998 meM prakAzita / 2. prathama bhAga ke 1-8 prakAza jI0 Ara0 josayera dvArA saMpAdita, san 1955 meM maisUra se prakAzita; prathama bhAga ke 22 - 24 prakAza san 1926 meM madrAsa se prakAzita /

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660 mAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mAdhavikA, zakuntikA Adi aneka racanAoM kA ullekha hai| granthakartAoM ke nAmoM meM zAkanya, bAguri, vikaTaninaMbA Adi nAma mukhya haiM / ina ullekhoM se isa grantha kI mahattA kA sahAna hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| zumAra rasa-pradhAna prAkRna padyoM kA yahA~ vizeSarUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bhojarAja ne zrRMgAra rasa ko saba rasoM meM pradhAna svIkAra kiyA hai / ina ke sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' meM 331 prAkRta padya haiM, jinameM adhikAMza gAthA. saptazatI aura rAvaNavaho meM se liye gaye hai| kucha kAlidAsa, zrIharSa, rAjazekhara Adi se liye gaye haiM, kucha ajJAtakartRka haiN| kisI pathika ke prati nAyikA kI ukti hai katto laMbhai patthia ! sattharaa entha gaamnnighrmmi| uNNapaohare pekkhia uNa jai vasasi tA bssu|| (pariccheda ?) -he pathika ! yahA~ grAmaNI ke ghara meM tujhe vistarA kahA~ se milegA ? unnata payodhara dekhakara yadi tU yahA~ ThaharanA cAhatA hai to Thahara jaa| eka dUsarA subhApita dekhiyeNa uNavara koaNDadaNDae putti ! mANuse vi emea / guNavajiaiNa jAai vaMsuppaNNe vi ttNkaaro|| ( pariccheda 3) -he putri! dhanupa ke daNDa meM hI yaha bAta nahIM balki manuSya ke saMbandha meM bhI yahI bAta hai ki suvaMza ( bA~sa aura acchA vaMza) meM utpanna hone para bhI guNa ( rastI aura guNa) rahita hone para usameM TaMkAra nahIM hotii| 1. isake prathama, dvitIya, aura tRtIya pariccheda para ratnezvara kA vyAkhyA hai, caturtha aura paMcama pariccheda para jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara bhaTTAcArya ne vyAkhyA likhI hai / kalakattA se IvanI san 1894 meM prakAzita / ratnasiMha (1-3) aura jagadara (4) kI TIkAsahita paNDita kedAranAtha zarmA dvArA sampAdita, bambaI 1934 meM prakAzita /

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661 alaMkArasarvasva kRpaka vadhuoM ke svAbhAvika saundarya para dRSTipAta kIjiyesAlivaNagoviAe uDDAvantIa pUsavindAim / savvaMgasundarIe vi pahiA acchIi pecchanti // (pariccheda 3) -pathikagaNa zAlivana meM chipI huI zukoM ko ur3AtI huI sarvAMgasundariyoM ke nayanoM ko hI dekhate haiN| dhIra puruSoM kI mahattA kA varNana par3hiyesaccaM garuA giriNo ko bhaNai jalAsaA Na gaMbhIrA / dhIrehiM uvamAuM tahavi hu maha NAsthi ucchAho (pariccheda 4) -yaha satya hai ki parvata mahAna hote haiM. aura kauna kahatA hai ki tAlAba gambhIra nahIM hote ? phira bhI dhIra puruSoM ke sAtha unakI upamA dene ke liye utsAha nahIM hotA / kauna saccA premI hai aura kauna svAmI hai ? dUNanti je muhattaM kuviA dAsavvia te pasAanti / te cia mahilANaM piA sesA sAmiccia vraaaa|| (pariccheda 5) -jo alpakAla ke liye bhI kupita apanI priyA ko dekhakara dukhI hote haiM aura unheM dAsa kI bhA~ti prasanna karate haiM, ve hI sacamuca mahilAoM ke priya kahalAte haiM, bAkI to vecAre svAmI haiN| ___ alaMkArasarvasva alaMkArasarvasva ke kartA rAjAnaka ruyyaka kAzmIra ke rAjA jayasiMha (IsavI san 1128-46 ) ke sAMdhivigrahika mahAkavi maMkhuka ke guru the|' isa graMtha meM alaMkAroM kA bar3A pAMDityapUrNa varNana kiyA gayA hai| jayaratha ne isa para vimarzinI nAma kI vyAkhyA likhI hai / alaMkArasarvasva meM prAkRta ke lagabhaga 10 padyoM ko udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa sUtra para maMkhuka ne vRtti likhI hai| 1. TI0 gaNapati zAstrI dvArA sampAdita, trivendram saMskRta sIrIz2a meM san 1915 meM prakAzita /

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662 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa eka udAharaNa dekhiyerehai mihireNa NahaM raseNa kavvaM sareNa jovvaNNam / amaeNa dhuNIdhavao tumae NaraNAha ! bhuvaNamiNam / / (dIpakanirUpaNa, pR074) -candramA se AkAza, rasa se kAvya, kAmadeva se yauvana aura amRta se samudra zobhA ko prApta hotA hai, lekina he naranAtha ! tuma se to yaha samasta bhuvana zobhita ho rahA hai| AkSepanirUpaNa kA udAharaNasuhaa ! vilambasu thoaMjAva imaM virahakAaraM hiaa / saMThAviUNa bhaNissaM ahavA bolesu kiM bhaNimo / (AkSepanirUpaNa, pR0 140) -he subhaga ! jarA Thahara jAo | viraha se kAtara isa hRdaya ko jarA saMbhAla kara phira bAta karU~gI / athavA phira cale jAo, bAta hI kyA karU~ ? kAvyaprakAza mammaTa (IsavI san kI 12vIM zatAbdI ) kAzmIra ke nivAsI the aura banArasa meM Akara unhoMne adhyayana kiyA thaa| unakA kAvyaprakAza alaMkArazAkha kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai jisa para aneka-aneka TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiN| kAvyaprakAza meM prAkRta kI 46 gAthAyeM uddhRta haiN| eka sakhI kI kisI nAyikA ke prati ukti dekhiyepavisaMtI gharavAra vivaliavaaNA viloiUNa paham / khaMdhe ghettUNa ghaDaM hAhA NaTThotti ruasi sahi kiM ti / / (4.60) -he sakhi ! kaMdhe para ghar3A rakhe ghara ke daravAje meM praveza karatI huI patha (saMketa sthAna) ko dekhakara terI A~kheM udhara laga gaI, phira yadi ghar3A phUTa gayA to aba rone se kyA lAbha ? eka zleSokti dekhiyemahade surasandhamme tmvsmaasNgmaagmaahrnne| harabahusaraNaM taM cittamohamavasara ume sahasA / / (6. 372)

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kAvyAnuzAsana (ka) prAkRta bhASA ke zloka kA artha ( maha desu rasaM dhamme, tamavasam Asam gamAgamA haraNe / harabahu ! saraNaM taM cittamohaM avasarau me sahasA ) 663 - he haravadhu gauri ! tumhIM eka mAtra zaraNa ho, prIti utpanna karo, AvAgamana ke nidAna isa tAmasI vRtti kA nAza karo, aura mere citta kA dUra karo ! dharma meM merI saMsAra meM merI moha zIghra hI ( kha ) saMskRta bhASA ke zloka kA artha ( he ume ! me mahade AgamAharaNe taM surasandhaM samAsaMga ava, avasare (ca) bahusaraNaM cittamohaM sahasA hara ) - he ume ! mere jIvana ke mahotsavarUpa AgamavidyA ke upArjana meM devoM dvArA bhI sadA abhIpsita mere manoyoga kI nirantara rakSA karo, aura samaya-samaya para prasaraNazIla cittamoha ko zIghra hI haTAo | pratIpAlaMkAra kA udAharaNa dekhiye e ehi dAva sundari ! kaNNaM dAUNa suNasu vaaNijam / tujha muheNa kisoari ! cando uvamijjai jageNa / / 10.554 - he sundari ! he kRzodari ! idhara A, kAna dekara apanI isa nindA ko suna ki aba loga tere mukha kI upamA candramA se dene lage haiM ! kAvyAnuzAsana mammaTa ke kAvyaprakAza ke AdhAra para hemacandra, vizvanAtha aura paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne apanI-apanI racanAyeM prastuta kI haiM / sarvaprathama kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandra ne kAvyAnuzAsana kI racanA kii| jaise unhoMne vyAkaraNa para zabdAnuzAsana (siddhama) aura chandazAstra para chandonuzAsana likhA, vaise hI kAvya ke Upara kAvyAnuzAsana likhakara usameM kAvya samIkSA kI / hemacandra ke

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664 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kAvyAnuzAsana' aura usakI svopatravRtti meM zRGgAra aura nIti saMbaMdhI 78 prAkRta padya saMgrahIna hai jo gAthAsaprazatI, setubaMdha, karparamaMjarI, ranAvali Adi se liye gaye haiN| kimI nAyikA kI nAjukatA para dhyAna dIjiyesaNiyaM vacca kisoyari ! pAe payatteNa Thavamu mhivhe| bhanjihisi vattha (1) yatthaNi vihiNA dukkheNa nimmaviyA // (1.16. 21) -he kizori ! dhIre calA. apane pairoM ko bar3e haule-haula pRthvI para rakha / he golAkAra stanabAlI ! nahIM to nU gira jAyegI, vidhi ne bar3e kaSTa se terA sarjana kiyA hai| __ yuddha ke liye prasthAna karate hue nAyaka kI manodazA para dRSTipAta kIjiye ekatto ruai piA aNNatto smrturnigyoso| neheNa raNaraseNa ya bhaDassa dolAiyaM hiaam / / (3.2 TIkA 187) eka ora priyA rudana kara rahI hai, dUsarI ora raNabherI baja rahI hai| isa prakAra sneha aura yuddharasa ke bIca bhaTa kA hRdaya dolAyamAna ho rahA hai| kA visamA divvagaI kiM laTuMjaM jaNo gunnggaahii| kiM sukkhaM sukalattaM kiM duggejjha khalo loo|| (6. 26. 640) -viSama kyA hai ? devagani / suMdara kyA hai ? guNagrAhI jana | sukha kyA hai ? acchI mbii| durgrAhya kyA hai ? duSTajana / sAhityadarpaNa mammaTa ke kAvyaprakAza ke DhA~ce para kAvyaprakAza kI AlocanA ke rUpa meM kavirAja vizvanAtha (IsavI san kI 14vIM 1. rasikalAla sI0 parIkha dvArA sampAdita, zrImahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, baMbaI dvArA 1938 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita / - -

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sAhityadarpaNa zatAbdI kA pUrva bhAga) ne sAhityadarpaNa kI racanA kii'| ye utkaladeza ke rahanevAle the aura sulatAna alAuddIna muhammada khilajI ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne rAghavavilAsa, kaMsavadha, prabhAvatIpariNaya, candrakalAnATikA Adi ke atirikta kuvalayAzvacarita nAma ke prAkRta kAvya kI bhI racanA kI thii| prazastaratnAvali meM inhoMne 16 bhASAoM kA prayoga kiyA thaa| bahubhASAvit hone ke kAraNa hI ye 'aSTAdazabhASAvAravilAsinIbhujaMga' nAma se prakhyAta the| vizvanAtha ke pitA mahAkavIzvara candrazekhara bhI caudaha bhApAoM ke vidvAna the / inhoMne bhApArNava nAmaka grantha meM prAkRta aura saMskRta bhApAoM ke lakSaNoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| sAhityadarpaNa meM prAkRta ke 64 padya uddhRta haiM, inameM se adhikAMza gAthAsaptazatI se liye gaye haiM, kucha svayaM lekhaka ke haiM, kucha ratnAvalI se tathA kucha kAvyaprakAza, dazarUpaka aura dhvanyAloka se uddhata haiM / kucha ajJAta kaviyoM ke haiN| nimnalikhita padya 'yathA mama' likhakara uddhRta kiyA gayA haipanthia ! piAsio via lacchIasi jAsi tA kimnnnntto| Na maNaM vi vArao idha asthi ghare ghaNarasaM piantANaM // (3. 128) -he pathika ! tU pyAsA mAlUma hotA hai, tU anyatra kahA~ jAtA huA dikhAI detA hai| mere ghara meM gAr3ha rasa kA pAna karanevAloM ko koI roka nahIM hai| kisI virahiNI kI dazA dekhiyebhisaNIalasaaNIe nihi savvaM suNiJcala aMga / dIho NIsAsaharo eso sAhei jIai ti paraM / / (3. 162) 1. zrIkRSNamohana zAstrI dvArA saMpAdita, caukhaMbA saMskRta sIrIz2a dvArA san 1947 meM prakAzita / ___2. sAtaveM pariccheda meM pRSTha 498 para eka aura gAthA 'ovahai ullahaha' Adi 'yathA mama' kaha kara uddhRta hai|

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ___-kamalinIdala ke zayanIya para samasta aMga nizcala rUpa se sthApita kara diyA gayA (jisase nAyikA mRtaka kI bhA~ti jAna par3ane lagI), usake dIrgha nizvAsa kI bahulatA se hI patA lagatA hai ki vaha abhI jIvita hai| rasagaMgAdhara paMDitarAja jagannAtha ko zAhajahA~ (IsavI san 16281657) ne apane putra dArAzikoha ko saMskRta par3hAne ke liye dillI AmaMtrita kiyA thaa| inakI vidvattA se prasanna hokara zAhajahA~ ne inheM paMDitarAja kI padavI se vibhUpita kiyaa| zAhajahA~ ke darabAra meM rahate hue paMDitarAja ne dArAzikoha kI prazasti meM 'jagadAbharaNa' aura navAba Amapha kI prazasti meM 'AsaphavilAsa' kI racanA kii| rasagaMgAdhara' ke atirikta inhoMne gaMgAlaharI, bhAminIvilAsa Adi aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai| rasagaMgAdhara meM uddhata eka gAthA dekhiyeDhuMDhuMNanto hi marIhisi kaMTakakaliAI keaivaNAI / mAlai kusumasaricchaM bhamara ! bhayanto na pAvihisi // (pR0 165) -he bhramara ! tU DhU~r3hate-DhU~r3hate mara jAyegA, ketakI ke vana kA~ToM se bhare haiN| mAlatI ke puSpoM ke samAna inheM tU kabhI bhI prApta na kara skegaa| 1. paMDita durgAprasAda dvArA saMpAdita, nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI se san 1888 meM prakAzita /

Page #674
gyArahavA~ adhyAya zAstrIya prAkRta sAhitya (IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI se lekara 14 vIM zatAbdI taka) ___ dhArmika, paurANika aura lokasAhitya ke alAvA arthazAstra, rAjanIti, jyotiSa, hastarekhA, maMtra-taMtra aura vaidyaka Adi zAstrIya (Teknikala) viSayoM para bhI jaina-ajaina vidvAnoM ne prAkRta bhASA meM sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| sAdhujIvana meM ina saba viSayoM ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA hotI thI, tathA dharma aura lokahita ke liye kitanI hI bAra jaina sAdhuoM ko jyotipa, vaidyaka, maMtra-taMtra, Adi kA prayoga Avazyaka ho jAtA thA | jaina zAstroM meM bhadrabAhu, kAlaka, khapuTa, vana, pAdalipta, viSNukumAra Adi kitane hI AcArya aura muniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo dharma aura saMgha para saMkaTa upasthita hone para vidyA, maMtra, Adi kA Azraya lene ke liye bAdhya hue| yahA~ isa viSaya se sambandha rakhanevAle prAkRta-sAhitya kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| atthasattha ( arthazAstra) prAcIna jaina granthoM meM atthasattha ke nAmollekhapUrvaka prAkRta kI gAthAyeM uddhRta milatI haiN| cANakya ke nAma se bhI kucha vAkya uddhRta haiM / isase jAna par3atA hai ki prAkRta meM arthazAstra ke nAma kA koI grantha avazya rahA hogaa| haribhadrasUri ne dhUrtAkhyAna meM khaMDapANA ko arthazAstra kA nirmAtA batAyA hai| pAdalipta kI taraMgavatI ke AdhAra para likhI gaI nemicandragaNi kI taraMgalolA meM atthasattha kI nimnalikhita gAthAyeM uddhRta haiM to bhaNai atthasatthaMmi vaNNiya suyuNu ! satthayArehiM / dUtI paribhava dUnI na hoi kanjassa siddhakarI //

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa eto hu maMtabheo dUnIo hoza kAmanemukkA | mahilA carahassA rahassakAne na saMThAi || AbharaNamavelAyAM nIti avi ya vedhati ciMtA / hona maMtabheo gamaNavidhAo anivvANI // saMghadAgaNike vasudevahiNDI meM bhI atyasatya kI eka gAthA kA ullekha hai 668 viseseNamAyAe sattheNa yatantra appaNI citraDhamANo sattu tti / ( apane bar3hate hue zatru kA vizeSa mAyA se yA zastra se saMhAra karanA cAhiye) isI prakAra odhaniyukti ( gAthA 418 ) kI droNasUrikRta vRtti (pRSTha 152 ) meM cANakya kA nimnalikhata avataraNa diyA gayA hai jaha kAiyaM na vosirai tato adoso | ( yadi mala-mUla kA tyAga nahIM karanA hai to doSa nahIM hai / rAjanIti isa graMtha ke racayitA kA nAma devIdAsa hai / isakI hastalikhita prati Dekkana kAleja bhaMDAra, pUnA meM hai / ' nimittazAstra jaina granthoM meM nimittazAstra kA bar3A mahattva batAyA hai / vidyA, maMtra aura cUrNa Adi ke sAtha nimitta kA ullekha AtA hai / maMkhaligozAla nimittazAstra kA mahApaMDita thA | AryakAlaka ke ziSya isa zAstra kA adhyayana karane ke liye AjIvika mata ke anuyAyiyoM ke samIpa jAyA karate the / svayaM AryakAlaka nimittazAstra ke bettA the / AcArya bhadrabAhu ko bhI nimitnavettA 1. dekhiye jaina granthAvali, pRSTha 339 / 2. paMcakalpacUrNI; muni kalyANavijaya jI ne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ( pR0 260 ) meM isa uddharaNa kA usalekha kiyA hai /

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zAstrIya prAkRta sAhitya 669 kahA gayA hai|' AcArya dharasena bhI aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI mAne jAte the| upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne apane varpaprabodha meM bhadrabAhu ke nAma se katipaya prAkRta gAthAyeM uddhRta kI haiM, isase jAna par3atA hai bhadrabAhu kI nimittazAstra para koI racanA vidyamAna thii| . prAcIna jaina granthoM meM ATha mahAnimitta ginAye haiM-bhauma (bhUkaMpa Adi), utpAta (rakta kI vo Adi), svapna, antarikSa (AkAza meM grahoM kA gamana udaya, asta, Adi) aMga, (A~kha, bhujA kA sphuraNa Adi), svara (pakSiyoM kA svara), lakSaNa (zarIra ke lakSaNa ) aura vyaMjana (tila, masA aadi)| bRhatkalpabhASya (1. 1313), guNacandragaNi ke kahArayaNakosa (pRSTha 22 a, 23, aura abhayadeva ne sthAnAMga (428 ) kI TIkA meM cUDAmaNi nAmaka nimittazAstra kA ullekha milatA hai / isake dvArA bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna kA jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA thaa| 1. gacchAcAravRtti pRSTha 93-96 / 2. prophesara hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA, pAiya bhASAo ane sAhitya, pRSTha 168 / 3. ThANAMga 405-8.608 / kahIM inake sAtha chin (bhUpakachinna), daNDa, vastuvidyA, aura chIMka Adi bhI sammilita kiye jAte haiM / dekhiye sUtrakRtAMga 12.9; uttarAdhyayana TIkA 8.13, 15.7 / samavAyAMga kI TIkA ( 29 ) ke anusAra ina AThoM nimittoM para sUtra, vRtti aura vArtika maujUda the| aMga ko chor3akara bAko nimittoM ke sUtra sahasrapramANa, vRtti lakSapramANa aura inakI vArtika koTipramANa thii| aMga ke sUtra lanapramANa, vRtti koTipramANa aura vArtika aparimita batAI gaI hai| 4. tItamaNAganavaTTamANasthANopalabdhikAraNaM NimittaM (nizIthacUrNI, pR0 862, sAiklosTAila prti)|

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670 670 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jayapAhuDa nimittazAstra __isa grantha ke kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai, ise jinabhApita kahA gayA hai| yaha IsavI san kI 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA hai| nimittazAstra kA yaha grantha atIta, anAgata, vartamAna, nimitta Adi aneka prakAra ke naSTa, muSTi, cintA, vikalpa Adi atizaya jJAna se pUrNa hai| isase lAbhAlAbha kA jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai| isameM 378 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM saMkaTa-vikaTaprakaraNa, uttarAdharaprakaraNa, abhighAta, jIvasamAsa, manuSyaprakaraNa, pakSiprakaraNa, catuSpada, dhAtuprakRti, dhAtuyoni, mUlabheda, muSTivibhAgaprakaraNa, varNa-rasa-gaMdha-sparzaprakaraNa, naSTikAcakra, cintAbhedaprakaraNa, tathA lekhagaMDikAdhikAra meM saMkhyApramANa, kAlaprakaraNa, lAbhagaMDikA nakSatragaMDikA, svavargasaMyogakaraNa, paravargasaMyogakaraNa, siMhAvalokitakaraNa, gajavilulita, guNAkAraprakaraNa, askhavibhAgaprakaraNa Adi kA vivecana hai| nimittazAstra isake kartA Rpiputra haiN| isake sivAya granthakartA ke saMbaMdha meM aura kucha patA nahIM lgtaa| isameM 187 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM nimitta ke bheda, AkAza prakaraNa, caMdraprakaraNa, utpAtaprakaraNa, varpA-utpAta, deva utpAtayoga, rAja utpAtayoga aura indra-dhanupa dvArA zubhAzubha jJAna, gaMdharvanagara kA phala, vidyullatAyoga aura meghayoga kA varNana hai| cUDAmaNisAra zAstra isakA dUsarA nAma jJAnadIpaka hai| yaha bhI jinendra dvArA 1. jayapAhuDa aura cUDAmaNisAra zAstra muni jinavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita hokara siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA meM prakAzita ho rahe haiN| ye donoM grantha mudritarUpa meM muni jI kI kRpA se mujhe dekhane ko mile haiN| 2. paMDita lAlArAmazAstrI dvArA hindI meM anUdita, vardhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI, zolApura kI ora se san 1941 meM prakAzita /

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zAstrIya prAkRta sAhitya 671 pratipAdita batAyA gayA hai / guNacandragaNi ne kahArayaNakosa meM cUDAmaNizAstra kA ullekha kiyA hai| caMpakamAlA cUDAmaNizAstra kI paMDitA thI / vaha jAnatI thI kauna usakA pati hogA aura kitanI usake saMtAne hoNgii|' isameM kula milAkara 73 gAthAyeM haiM / nimitta pAhuDa isake dvArA kevalI, jyotiSa aura svapna Adi nimitta kA jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA thA / bhadrezvara ne apanI kahAvalI aura zIlAMka kI sUtrakRtAMga TIkA meM nimittapAhuDa kA ullekha kiyA hai / " aMgavA (vidyA ) aMgavijjA phalAdeza kA eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa grantha hai jo sAMskRtika sAmagrI se bharapUra hai / aMgavidyA kA ullekha aneka prAcIna granthoM meM milatA hai / " yaha eka lokapracalita vidyA thI jisase zarIra ke lakSaNoM ko dekha kara athavA anya prakAra ke nimitta yA manuSya kI vividha ceSTAoM dvArA zubha-azubha phala kA bakhAna kiyA jAtA thA / aMgavidyA ke anusAra aMga, svara, lakSaNa, vyaMjana, svapna, chIMka, bhauma, aMtarikSa ye nimitta kathA ke ATha 1. dekhiye lakSmaNagaNi kA supAsanAhacariya, dUsarA prastAva, samyaktva prazaMsAkathAnaka / 2. dekhiye prophesara hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA, pAiyabhASAo ane sAhitya pRSTha 167-8 / 3. muni puNyavijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita, prAkRta jaina TaiksTa sosAyaTI dvArA san 1957 meM prakAzita / 4. piMDa niyukti TIkA ( 408 ) meM aMgavidyA kI nimnalikhita gAthA uddhRta hai-- iMdiehiM diyatthehiM samAdhAnaM ca appaNI | nANaM pavattae jamhA nimittaM teNa AhiyaM //

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672 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AdhAra haiM aura ina ATha mahAnimittoM dvArA bhUta aura bhaviSya kA jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai| inameM aMgavidyA ko sarvazreSTha batAyA hai / dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga meM mahAvIra bhagavAn ne nimittajJAna kA upadeza diyA thA / aMgavidyA pUrvAcAryoM dvArA praNIta hai / isa graMtha meM 60 adhyAya haiN| AraMmbha meM aMgavidyA kI prazaMsA karate hue usake dvArA jayaparAjaya, Arogya, hAni-lAbha, sukha-dukha, jIvana-maraNa, subhikSadurbhikSa Adi kA jJAna honA batAyA hai| AThavA~ adhyAya 30 pATaloM meM vibhakta hai| isameM aneka AsanoM ke bheda batAye haiM / nauveM adhyAya meM 1868 gAthAoM meM 270 vividha viSayoM kA prarUpaNa hai / yahA~ aneka prakAra kI zayyA, Asana, yAna, kuDya, khaMbha, vRkSa, vastra, AbhUSaNa, bartana, sikke Adi kA varNana hai / gyArahaveM adhyAya meM sthApatya saMbaMdhI aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA prarUpaNa hai / sthApatyasaMbaMdhI zabdoM kI yahA~ eka lambI sUcI dI hai / unnIsaveM adhyAya meM rAjopajIvI zilpI aura unake upakaraNoM ke saMbaMdha meM ullekha hai / vijayadvAra nAmaka ikkIsaveM adhyAya meM jaya-parAjaya sambandhI kathana hai / bAisaveM adhyAya meM uttama phaloM kI sUcI dI hai| pacIsaveM adhyAya meM gotroM kA vizada varNana hai jo bahuta mahatva kA hai / chabbIsaveM adhyAya meM nAmoM kA varNana hai / sattAisaveM adhyAya meM rAjA, amAtya, nAyaka, Asanastha, bhANDAgArika mahANasika, gajAdhyakSa Adi sarakArI adhikAriyoM ke padoM kI sUcI dI hai| aTThAisaveM adhyAya meM pezevara logoM kI mahattvapUrNa sUcI hai| nagaravijaya nAma ke unatIsaveM adhyAya meM prAcIna bhAratIya nagaroM ke sambandha meM bahuta sI sUcanAyeM malatI haiM / tIsaveM adhyAya meM AbhUSaNoM kA varNana hai / battIsaveM adhyAya dhAnyoM aura taiMtIsaveM adhyAya meM vAhanoM ke nAma ginAye haiM / chattIsaveM adhyAya meM dohadasaMbaMdhI vicAra hai| saiMtIsaveM adhyAya meM 12 prakAra ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana hai / cAlIsaveM adhyAya meM bhojana sambandhI vicAra hai / ikatAlIsaveM adhyAya meM mUtayoM

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joNipAhuDa 673 prakAra, AbharaNa aura aneka prakAra kI rata-surata krIDAoM kA varNana hai| teMtAlIsaveM adhyAya meM yAtrA kA vicAra hai| chiyAlIsaveM adhyAya meM gRhapravezasambandhI zubhAzubha kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| saiMtAlIsaveM adhyAya meM rAjAoM kI sainika-yAtrA ke phalAphala kA vicAra hai| cauvanaveM adhyAya meM sAra-asAra vastuoM kA kathana hai| pacapanaveM adhyAya meM gar3I huI dhanarAzi kA patA lagAne ke sambandha meM kathana hai| aTThAvanaveM adhyAya meM jaina dharma sambandhI jIva-ajIva kA vistAra se vivecana hai| antima adhyAya meM pUrvabhava jAnane kI yukti batAI gaI hai| joNipAhuDa (yoniprAbhRta) joNipAhuDa nimittazAstra kA eka mahatvapUrNa graMtha thaa| isake kartA dharasena AcArya (IsavI san kI prathama aura dvitIya zatAbdI kA madhya) haiN| ve prajJAzramaNa kahalAte the| vi0 saM0 1556 meM likhI huI bRhaTTipaNikA nAma kI graMthasUcI ke anusAra vIra nirvANa ke 600 varSa pazcAt dharasena ne isa graMtha kI racanA kI thii|' graMtha ko kUSmAMDinI devI se prApta kara dharasena ne puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali nAmake apane ziSyoM ke liye likhA thaa| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhI isa grantha kA utanA hI Adara thA jitanA digambara sampradAya meM | dhavalATIkA ke anusAra isameM mantra-tantra kI zakti kA varNana hai aura isake dvArA pudgalAnubhAga jAnA jA sakatA hai| nizIthavizeSacUrNI (4, pRSTha 375 sAiklosTAila prati) ke kathanAnusAra AcArya siddhasena ne joNipAhuDa ke AdhAra se azva 1. yoniprAbhRtaM vIrAt 600 dhArasenam (bRhaTipaNikA jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, 1,2 pariziSTa); pakhaMDAgama kI prastAvanA, pRSTha 30, phuTanoTa / isa sambandha meM dekhiye anekAMta, varSa 2, kiraNa 9 meM paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra kA lekha / durbhAgya se anekAMta kA yaha aGka mujhe nahIM mila skaa| 2. joNipAhuDe bhaNidamaMsataMtasattIo poggalANubhAgo tti ghettavyo / DAkTara hIrAlAlajaina, pakhaMDAgama kI prastAvanA, pR 30 / 43 prA0 lA0

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674 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa banAye the,' isake bala ne mahiSoM ko acetana kiyA jA sakatA thA, aura isase dhana paidA kara sakate the| prabhAvakacarita (5. 115127 ) meM isa graMtha ke bala se machalI aura siMha utpanna karane kI, tathA vizeSAvazyakabhAgya (gAthA 1775) kI hemacandrasRrikRta TIkA meM aneka vijAnIya dravyoM ke saMyoga se sarpa, siMha Adi prANI aura maNi, suvarNa Adi acetana padArthoM ke paidA karane kA ullekha milatA hai| kuvalayamAlAkAra ke kathanAnusAra joNipAiDa meM kahI huI bAta kabhI amanya nahIM hotii| jinezvarasUri ne apane kathAkopaprakaraNa meM bhI isa zAstra kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa graMtha meM 800 gAthAyeM haiN| kulamaNDanasUri dvArA vikrama saMvat 1473 (IsavI sana 1416) meM racita vicArAmRtasaMgraha (pRSTha A) meM yoniprAbhRta ko pUrvazruta se calA AtA huA svIkAra kiyA hai / aggeNipuvvaniggayapAhuDasatthassa majmayAraMmi | kiMci uddesadesaM dharaseNo vajjiyaM bhaNai / giriujiMtaThieNa pacchimadese suragirinayare / buDDataM uddhariyaM dUsamakAlappayAmi / / prakhama khaNDeaTThAvIsasahassA gAhANaM jatthavanniyA satthe / aggeNipuvvamajjhe saMkhevaM vitthare muttuM / / caturthakhaNDaprAnte yoniprAbhRte / isa kathana se jJAta hotA hai ki agrAyaNIpUrva kA kucha aMza lekara gharasena ne isa grantha kA uddhAra kiyA hai, tathA isameM pahale 28 hajAra gAthAyeM thIM, unhIM ko saMkSipta karake yoniprAbhRta meM kahA hai| 1. dekhiye bRhatkalpabhASya (1. 1303, 2. 2681); vyavahArabhASya ( 1. pRSTha 58); piMDaniyuktibhASya 44-46, dazavaikAlikacUrNI 1. pRSTha 44, 616, sUtrakRtAMgaTIkA 8. pRSTha 165 ma; jinezvarasUri, kthaakossprkrnn| 2. dekhiye prophesara hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA, AgamonuM digdarzana, pRSTha 234-35 / -

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vaDDamANavijAkampa 675 isakI hastalikhita prati bhAMDArakara iMsTiTyUTa pUnA meM maujUda hai| vaDDhamANavijjAkappa jinaprabhasUri (vikrama kI 14 vIM zatAbdI) ne vardhamAnavidyAkalpa kI racanA kI hai|' vAcaka candrasena ne isakA uddhAra kiyA hai| isameM 17 gAthAoM meM vardhamAnavidyA kA stavana hai / yahA~ batAyA hai ki jo 21 bAra isakA jApa karake kisI grAma meM praveza karatA hai usakA samasta kArya siddha hotA hai| jyotiSasAra jyotiSa kA yaha grantha pUrva zAstroM ko dekhakara likhA gayA hai;2 khAsakara haribhadra, nAracaMda, padmaprabhasUri, jauNa, vArAha, lalla, parAzara, garga Adi ke granthoM kA avalokana kara isakI racanA kI gaI hai| isake cAra bhAga haiN| dinazuddhi nAmaka bhAga meM 42 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM vAra, tithi aura nakSatroM meM siddhiyoga kA pratipAdana hai| vyavahAradvAra meM 60 gAthAyeM haiN| inameM grahoM kI rAzi, sthiti, udaya, asta aura vakra dina kI saMkhyA kA varNana hai| gaNitadvAra meM 38 aura lanadvAra meM 8 gAthAyeM haiN| vivAhapaDala (vivAhapaTala) vivAhapaDala kA ullekha nizIthavizeSacUrNI ( 12, pRSTha 854 sAiklosTAila prati) meM milatA hai| yaha eka jyotiSa kA grantha thA jo vivAhavelA ke samaya meM kAma meM AtA thaa| 1. bRhahIkArakalpavivaraNa ke sAtha DAhyAbhAI mohokamalAla, ahamadAbAda kI ora se prakAzita / prakAzana kA samaya nahIM diyA hai| 2. yaha graMtha ratnaparIkSA, dravyaparIkSA aura dhAtUtpatti ke sAtha siMghI jaina granthamAlA meM prakAzita ho rahA hai /

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa laggasuddhi isa grantha ke kartA yAkinIsUnu haribhadra haiN|' ise lagnakuMDalikA nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha jyotiSazAstra kA grantha hai / isameM 133 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM zubha lagna kA kathana hai / 676 dinasuddha isake kartA ra zekharasUri haiM / isameM 144 gAthAoM meM ravi, soma, maMgala, budha, guru, zukra aura zani kI zuddhi kA varNana karate hue tithi, lagna, prahara, dizA aura nakSatra kI zuddhi batAI hai / jAisahIra ( joisasAra - jyotipasAra ) isa grantha ke kartA kA nAma ajJAta hai / grantha ke anta meM likhA hai ki 'prathamaprakIrNa samAptaM' isase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha grantha adhUrA hai | isameM 2=7 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM zubhAzubha tithi, graha kI sabalatA, zubha ghar3iyA~, dinazuddhi, svarajJAna, dizAzUla' zubhAzubhayoga, vrata Adi grahaNa karane kA muhUrta, auaurakarma kA muhUrtta aura phala Adi kA varNana hai / karalakkhaNa yaha sAmudrika zAstra kA ajJAtakartRka grantha hai / " isameM 61 1. upAdhyAya kSamAvijayagaNI dvArA saMpAdita, zAha mUlacanda bulAkhIdAsa kI ora se san 1938 meM bambaI se prakAzita / 2. sampAdaka aura prakAzaka uparyukta / 3. paMDita bhagavAnadAsa jaina dvArA hindI meM anUdita, mainejara, narasiMhapresa, harisana roDa kalakattA kI ora se samvat 1923 meM prakAzita / mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne apane jaina sAhitya no itihAsa ( pRSTha 582 ) meM batAyA hai ki hIrakalaza ne vi0 saM0 1626 ( IsavI san 1564 ) meM nAgaura meM joisahora kA uddhAra kiyA / 4. prophesara praphullakumAra modI dvArA saMpAdita aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI dvArA san 1954 meM prakAzita ( dvitIya saMskaraNa ) /

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riSTasamuccaya 677 gAthAoM meM hastarekhAoM kA mahattva, puruSoM ke lakSaNa, puruSoM kA dAhinA aura striyoM kA bA~yA hAtha dekhakara bhaviSyakathana Adi viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vidyA, kula, dhana, rUpa aura AyusUcaka pA~ca rekhAyeM hotI haiN| hastarekhAoM se bhAI-bahana, aura santAnoM kI saMkhyA kA bhI patA calatA hai| kucha rekhAe~ dharma aura vrata kI sUcaka mAnI jAtI haiN| riSTasamuccaya riSTasamuccaya ke kartA AcArya durgadeva digambara sampradAya ke vidvAna the| unhoMne vikrama saMvat 1086 (IsavI san 1032) meM kuMbhanagara (kuMbheragar3ha, bharatapura ) meM isa grantha ko samApta kiyA thaa|' durgadeva ke guru kA nAma saMjayadeva thaa| unhoMne pUrva AcAryoM kI paraMparA se Agata maraNakaraMDikA ke AdhAra para riSTasamuccaya meM riSToM kA kathana kiyA hai| riSTasamuccaya meM 261 gAthAyeM haiM jo pradhAnatayA zaurasenI prAkRta meM likhI gaI haiN| isa grantha meM tIna prakAra ke riSTa batAye gaye haiM-piMDastha, padastha aura rUpastha | uMgaliyoM kA TUTanA, netroM kA stabdha honA, zarIra kA vivarNa ho jAnA, netroM se satata jala kA pravAhita honA Adi kriyAyeM piMDastha meM, sUrya aura candra kA vividha rUpoM meM dikhAI denA, dIpazikhA kA aneka rUpa meM dekhanA, rAta kA dina ke samAna aura dina kA rAta ke samAna pratibhAsita honA Adi kriyAyeM padastha meM, tathA apanI chAyA kA dikhAI na denA, do chAyAoM, athavA AdhI chAyA kA dikhAI denA Adi kriyAyeM rUpastha meM pAI jAtI haiN| isake pazcAt svapnoM kA varNana hai| svapna do prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM, eka devendrakathita, aura dUsarA sahaja | maraNakaMDI kA pramANa dete hue durgadeva ne likhA hai na husuNai sataNumadaM dIvayagaMdhaM ca Neva giNhei / so jiyai sattadiyahe iya kahilaM maraNakaMDIe // 136 // 1. DAkTara e0 esa0 gopANI dvArA saMpAdita, siMghI jaina granthamAlA bambaI se san 1945 meM prakAzita /

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678 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa -jo apane zarIra kA zabda nahIM sunatA, aura dIpaka kI gaMdha jise nahIM AtI, vaha sAta dina taka jItA hai, sA maraNakaMDI meM kahA hai| praznariSTa ke ATha bheda batAye haiM-aMguliprazna, alaktaprazna, gorocanAprazna, prabhAkSaraprazna, zakunaprazna, akSaraprazna, hArAprazna aura jJAnaprazna | inakA yahA~ vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| agdhakaMDa ( arghakANDa ) durgadeva kI yaha dUsarI kRti hai| agghakaMDa kA ullekha vizeSanizIthacUrNI ( 12, pRSTha 455) meM bhI milatA hai| yaha koI prAcIna kRti rahI hogI jise dekhakara durgadeva ne prastuta graMtha kI racanA kI | isase isa bAta kA patA lagAyA jAtA thA ki kauna-sI vastu kharIdane aura kauna-sI vastu becane se lAbha hogaa|' ratnaparIkSA yaha grantha' zrIcandra ke putra zrImAlavaMzIya Thakkurapheru ne saMvat 1372 ( IsavI sana 1315) meM likhA hai| Thakkurapheru jinendra ke bhakta the aura dillI ke bAdazAha alAuddIna ke khajAMcI the| suramiti, agastya aura buddhabhaTTa ke dvArA likhita ratnaparIkSA ko dekhakara unhoMne apane putra hemapAla ke liye isa grantha kI racanA kii| isa grantha meM kula milAkara 132 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM ranoM ke utpattisthAna, jAti aura mUlya Adi kA vistAra se varNana hai / vana nAmaka ratna zUrpAraka, kaliMga, kozala aura mahArASTra meM, muktAphala aura padmarAga maNi siMghala aura tuMbaradeza Adi sthAnoM meM, marakata maNi malayaparvata aura barbara deza meM, indranIla siMghala meM, vidrama vindhya parvata, cIna, mahAcIna, aura nepAla meM, tathA lahasuniyA, baiDUrya aura sphaTika naipAla, kAzmIra aura cIna Adi 1. imaM davaM vikkINAhi imaM vA kINAhi / 2. ratnaparIkSA, dravyaparIkSA, dhAtUtpatti aura jyotipasAra siMghI jaina granthamAlA meM prakAzita ho rahe haiN| muni jinavijayajI kI kRpA se mudritarUpa meM ye mujhe dekhane ko mile haiN|

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dravyaparIkSA 679 sthAnoM meM pAye jAte the / ratnoM ke parIkSaka ko mAMDalika kahA jAtA thA, ye loga ratnoM kA paraspara milAna kara unakI parIkSA karate the / dravyaparIkSA yaha graMtha vikrama saMvat 1375 ( IsavI san 1318 ) meM likhA gayA / isameM 146 gAthAyeM haiN| inameM dravyaparIkSA ke prasaMga meM cAsaNiya, suvarNarUpazodhana, maulya, suvarNa-rupyamudrA, khurAsAnImudrA, vikramArkamudrA, gurjarImudrA, mAlavImudrA, nalapuramudrA, jAlaMdharImudrA, dillikA, mahamUdasAhI, caukaDIyA, pharIdI, alAuddIna, mominI alAI, mulatAnI, mukhtalAphI aura sIrAjI Adi mudrAoM kA varNana hai / dhAtUtpatti isameM 57 gAthAyeM haiM / ina gAthAoM meM pItala, tA~bA, sIsA, rA~gA, kA~sA, pArA hiMgulaka, sindUra, karpUra, caMdana, mRganAbhi Adi kA vivecana hai / vastusAra inake atirikta pUrva zAstroM kA adhyayana kara saMvat 1372 meM Thakkura pherU ne vAstusAra grantha kI racanA kii|' isameM gRhavAstuprakaraNa meM bhUmiparIkSA, bhUmisAdhanA, bhUmilakSaNa, mAsaphala, nIMva - nivesalagna, gRhapraveza lagna, aura sUryAdi grahASTaka kA 158 gAthAoM meM varNana hai / isakI 54 gAthAoM meM bimbaparIkSA prakaraNa, aura 68 gAthAoM meM prAsAdakaraNa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / zAstrIya viSayoM para prAkRta meM anya bhI aneka graMthoM kI racanA huI | udAharaNa ke lie sumiNasittari meM 70 gAthAoM meM iSTaaniSTa svapnoM kA phala batAyA hai| jinapAla ne svapnavicAra (suviNa vicAra ) aura vinayakuzala ne jyotaScakravicAra ( joisa 1. candanasAgara jJAnabhaMDAra vejalapura kI ora vi0 saM0 2002 meM prakAzita / 2. RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma dvArA prakAzita siripayaraNasaMdoha meM saMgrahIta |

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680 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa cakkavicAra) kI racanA kI hai| isake alAvA pipIlikA jAna (pipIliyAnANa), akAladaMtakappa Adi jyotipazAstra ke granthoM kI racanAyeM huii| jagasundarIyAgamAla yoniprAmRta kA hI eka bhAga thaa| phira vasudevahiNDIkAra ne porAgama nAma ke pAkazAstravipayaka' graMtha kA aura taraMgalolAkAra ne puSphajoNisattha (puSpayonizAstra ) kA ullekha kiyA hai| anuyogadvAracUrNI meM saMgInasambandhI prAkRta ke kucha padya uddhRta kiye haiM, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki saMgIta ke Upara bhI prAkRta kA koI grantha rahA hogaa| isake alAvA prAkRta jaina pranthoM meM sAmudrikazAstra, maNizAstra, gAruDazAstra aura vaizika (kAmazAstra ) Adi saMskRta ke zloka uddhRta haiN| isase patA lagatA hai ki saMskRta meM bhI zAstrIya vipayoM para aneka grantha likhe gaye the| - - - - - - - - 1. jaina granthAvali, pRSTa 347, 355, 357, 361, 364 / nemicandrasUri ne uttarAdhyayana kI saMskRta TIkA (8.13) meM svamasaMbaMdhI prAkRta gAthAoM ke avataraNa diye haiN| jagadeva ke svapnacitAmaNi se ina gAthAoM kI tulanA kI gaI hai| 2. vi0 saM0 1483 meM likhI huI sUrezvararacita pAkazAstra kI hastalikhita prati pATana ke bhaMDAra meM maujUda hai| 3. udAna kI paramasthadIpanI nAmaka bhaTThakathA meM alaMkArasastha kA ullekha hai jisameM kSaurakarma kI vidhi banAI hai| 4. guNacandrasUri, kahArayaNakosa, pRSTha 34 a, 50 / 5. vahI, pR0 44 / 6. jinezvarasUri, kathAkopaprakaraNa pR0 12 / 7. 'durvijJeyo hi bhAvaH pramadAnAma', sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi, pR0 140, samavayAMga kI TIkA (29) meM haramekhalA nAmaka vazIkaraNasaMbaMdhI zAstra kA ullekha hai| prophesara kApaDiyA ne (pAiya bhApAo bhane sAhitya, pRSTha 184) mayaNamauDa nAma ke kAmazAstraviSayaka anya kA ullekha

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prAkRta zilAlekha kisI sAhitya kA vyavasthita adhyayana karane ke liye zilAlekha sarvottama sAdhana haiN| tAr3apatra yA kAgaja para likhe hue sAhitya meM saMzodhana yA parivartana kI guJjAyaza rahatI hai jaba ki patthara yA dhAtu para khude hue lekha saikar3oM hajAroM varSoM ke pazcAt bhI usI rUpa meM maujUda rahate haiN| bhAratavarSa meM sabase prAcIna zilAlekha priyadarzI samrATa azoka ke milate haiN| apane rAjyAbhipeka (IsavI sana pUrva 266 ) ke 12 varSa pazcAt usane giranAra, kAlasI (jilA deharAdUna ), dhauli (jilA purI, ur3IsA), jaugar3a (jilA gaMjama, ur3IsA), manaseharA (jilA hajArA, uttara-pazcimI sImApradeza), zAhabAjagar3hI (jilA pezAvara, uttara-pazcimI sImApradeza), yeraMgur3I (jilA karanUla, madrAsa) aura sopArA (jilA ThANA) nAmaka sthAnoM meM zilAlekhoM meM dharmalipiyoM ko utkIrNa kiyA thaa| ye zilAlekha pAli bhASA meM tathA brAhmI aura kharoSThI lipiyoM meM vidyamAna haiM / hAthIguMphA kA zilAlekha prAkRta ke zilAlekhoM meM rAjA khAravela kA hAthIguMphA kA zilAlekha atyanta prAcIna hai| yaha pAli se milatA-julatA hai aura IsavI sana ke pUrva lagabhaga prathama zatAbdI ke aMta meM brAhmI lipi meM bhuvanezvara (jilA purI) ke pAsa udayagiri nAma kI pahAr3I meM utkIrNa kiyA gayA thaa| azoka ke zilAlekhoM kI apekSA isa zilAlekha meM bhASA kA pravAha adhika dekhane meM AtA hai jisase isa kAla kI prAkRta kI samRddhatA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa zilAlekha meM khAravela ke rAjya ke 13 varSoM kA varNana hai kiyA hai| isakI racanA siMdhu nadI ke taTa para sthita mANikya mahApura ke nivAsI gosai vipra ne kI thii|

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682 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa namo aratAnaM / namo sava- sidhAnaM // pareNa mahArAjena mahAmegha vAhanena ceti rAjava (1) sanvadhanena patha- subha-lakhanena caturaMtaluTha (Na) guNa - upitena kaliMgAdhipatinA siri-khAravalena (paM) darasa-vasAni sIri - ( kaDAra) - sarIravatA kIDitA kumArakIDikA // tato lekharUpa gaNanA vavahAra vidhi-visAradena / sava-vijAyadAtena nava-vasAni yovarajaM ( pa ) sAsitaM // saMpuMNa catuvIsati so tadAni vadhamAnasesayo - benAbhivijayo tatiye liMga - rAja vase purisa-yuge mAhArAjAbhisecanaM pApunAti / abhisitamato ca pathame vase vAta vihata gopura-pAkAra-nivesanaM paTisaMkhArayati / kaliMga nagari khavIra* isitAla-taDAgapADiyo ca baMdhAta sayAna- (Ti ) saMThapanaM ca kArayati || panatIsAhi satasahasehi pakatiyo ca raMjayati // ' ( 1 ) ahaMtoM ko namaskAra / sarvasiddhoM ko namaskAra / vIra mahArAja mahAmeghavAhana cedi rAjavaMza ke vardhaka, prazasta zubhalakSaNa vAle, cAroM dizAoM meM vyApta guNoM se alaMkRta kaliMgAdhipati zrI khAravela ne ( 2 ) 15 varSa taka zobhAvAlI apanI gauravayukta deha dvArA bAlakrIr3A kI / usake pazcAt lekhya, rUpa, gaNanA, vyavahAra aura dharmavidhi meM vizArada bana sarva vidyAoM se saMpanna hokara nau varSa taka usane yuvarAja pada kA upabhoga kiyA / phira 24 varSa samApta hone para, zaizavakAla se hI jo vardhamAna hai aura abhivijaya meM jo venarAja ke samAna hai, usakA tRtIya (3) puruSayuga ( pIr3hI ) meM kaliGga rAjyavaMza meM mahArAjyAbhiSeka huA / abhiSikta hone ke bAda vaha prathama varSa meM 1. dinesacandra sarakAra ke selekTa iMskripzansa, jilda 1, yunivarsiTI oNva kalakattA, 1942, pRSTha 206 se uddhRta /

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683 nAsika kA zilAlekha jhaMjhAvAta se gire hue gopura aura prAkAra kA nirmANa karAtA huaa| kaliGga nagarI meM RpitaDAga kI pair3iyA~ usane baMdhavAI, sarvaprakAra ke udyAnoM kA punaruddhAra kiyA | (4) paiMtIsa zata-zahasra prajA kA raMjana kiyA / nAsika kA zilAlekha vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi kA nAsika guphA kA eka dUsarA zilAlekha hai jo IsavI san 146 meM nAsika meM utkIrNa kiyA gayA thaa| isameM rAjA ke bhATa kI manodazA kA citraNa kiyA hai siddhaM / rabo vAsiThIputasa pasari-pulumAyisa savachare ekunavIse 10+6gImhANaM pakhe bitIye 2 divase terase 10+3 rAjarabo gotamIputasa himava(ta) merumaMdara-pavata-sama-sArasa asikaasaka-mulaka-suraTha-kukurAparaMta-anupavidabha-AkarAvaMti-rAjasa vijhachavata-pAricAta-sayaha (hya) kaNhagiri-macasiri-Tana malaya-mahidaseTagiri-cakorapavata-patisa savarAja( loka ) ma () DalapatigahIta-sAsanasa divasakara-( ka )ra-vibodhita-kamala-vimala-sadisavadanasa tisamuda-toya-pIta-vAhanasa-paTipU()-Na-caMdamaMDala-sasirIka-piyadasanasa.." siri-sAtakaNisamAtuya mahAdevIya gotamIya balasirIya sacavacana-dAna-khamA-hisAniratAya tapa-dama-niyamopavAsa-taparAya rAjarisivadhu-sadamakhilamanuvidhIyamAnAya kAritadeyadhama ( kelAsapavata )-sikhara-sadise (ti) raNhu-pavata-sikhare vima (ni) varanivisesa-mahiDhIkaM leNa / -siddhi ho ! rAjA vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi ke 16 varSa meM grISma ke dvitIya pakSa ke 2 dina bItane para caitrasudI 13 ke dina rAjarAja gotamIputra, himavAn , meru aura mandara parvata ke samAna zreSTha, 1. vRhatkalpabhASya (1.3150) isakA ullekha hai / isakA isivAla nAma ke vAnamaMtara dvArA nirmANa huA batAyA gayA hai| 2. dinesacandra sarakAra, vahI, pR0 196-98 /

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684 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa RSika, azmaka, mUlaka, murASTra, kukura, aparAnta, anUpa, vidarbha aura AkarAvaMti ke rAjA; vindhya, RkSavat, pAriyAtra, sahya, kRSNagiri, martyazrI, stana, malaya, mahendra zreSTagiri aura cakAra parvatoM ke svAmI; sarva rAjalokamaMDala ke Upara zAsana karanevAle; sUrya kI kiraNoM ke dvArA vibodhita nirmala kamala ke sadRza mukhavAle, tIna samudra ke adhipati, pUrNa candramaMDala ke samAna zobhAyukta priya darzana vAle aise zrI zAtakarNi kI mAtA mahAdevI gautamI balazrI ne satyavacana, dAna, kSamA aura ahiMsA meM saMlagna rahate hue, tapa, dama, niyama, upavAsa meM tatpara, rAjapi badhU zabda ko dhAraNa karatI huI gautamI balazrI kailAza parvata ke sadRza trirazmiparvata ke zikhara para zreSTha vimAna kI bhA~ti mahA samRddhi yukta eka guphA (layana ) khuvAI | ne zikhara ke

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upasaMhAra madhyayugIna bhAratIya-AryabhASAoM meM pAli aura prAkRta donoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai, lekina prastuta grantha meM kevala prAkRta bhASAoM ke sAhitya ke itihAsa para hI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| IsavI san ke pUrva 5vIM zatAbdI meM magadha deza vizeSakara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha kI pravRttiyoM kA kendra rahA, ataeva jisa janasAdhAraNa kI bolI meM unhoMne apanA lokopadeza diyA vaha bolI sAmAnyatayA mAgadhI khlaaii| Age calakara yaha bhASA kevala apane meM hI sImita na rahI aura magadha ke AsapAsa ke pradezoM kI bhASA ke sAtha mila jAne se ardhamAgadhI kahI jAne lgii| mAgadhI athavA ardhamAgadhI kI bhA~ti paizAcI bhI madhyayugIna AryabhASAoM kI eka prAcIna bolI hai jo bhArata ke uttara-pazcimI bhAgoM meM bolI jAtI thii| paizAcI meM guNAnya ne baDDakahA (bRhatkathA) kI racanA kI thI, lekina durbhAgya se yaha racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| paizAcI kI bhA~ti zaurasenI bhI eka prAdezika bolI thI jo zUrasena (mathurA ke AsapAsa kA pradeza) meM bolI jAne ke kAraNa zaurasenI khlaaii| kramazaH prAkRta bhASAoM kA rUpa nikharatA gayA aura hAla kI sattasaI, pravarasena kA setubaMdha aura vAkpatirAja kA gauDavaho Adi racanAoM ke rUpa meM isakA sugaThita sAhitya rUpa hamAre sAmane aayaa| jJAtaputra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne magadha ke AsapAsa bolI jAnevAlI milI-julI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM apanA pravacana diyA / saMskRta kI bhA~ti yaha bhApA kevala suzikSitoM kI bhApA nahIM thI, balki bAla, vRddha, strI aura anapar3ha sabhI ise samajha sakate the| nissandeha mahAvIra kI yaha bahuta bar3I dena thI jisase janasAdhAraNa ke pAsa taka ve apanI bAta pahu~cA sake the|

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686 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAta unake gaNadharoM ne nirgandhAcana kA saMkalana kiyA aura yaha saMkalana Agama ke nAma se kahA gayA / ardhamAgadhI meM saMkalita yaha Agama-sAhitya aneka dRSTiyoM se atyanta mahattva kA hai| jaba bhArata ke uttara, pazcimI aura pUrva ke kucha pradezoM meM brAhmaNa dharma kA pracAra ho cukA thA, usa samaya jaina zramaNoM ne magadha aura usake AsapAsa ke kSetroM meM grAmAnugrAma ghUma-ghUma kara kitanI tatparatA se jainasaMgha kI sthApanA kI, isakI kucha kalpanA isa vizAla sAhitya ke adhyayana se ho sakatI hai| isa sAhitya meM jaina upAsakoM aura muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra, niyama, vrata, siddhAMta, paramata-khaMDana, svamatasthApana Adi aneka viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| ina vipayoM kA yathAsaMbhava vividha AkhyAna, carita, upamA, rUpaka, dRSTAMta Adi dvArA sarala, aura mArmika zailI meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha sAhitya jaina saMskRti aura itihAsa kA AdhArastaMbha hai, aura isake binA jainadharma ke vAstavika rUpa kA sAMgopAMga jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| Age calakara bhinna-bhinna paristhitiyoM ke anusAra jainadharma ke siddhAMtoM meM saMzodhanaparivardhana hote rahe, lekina Agama-sAhitya meM varNita jainadharma ke mUlarUpa meM vizeSa aMtara nahIM aayaa| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA saMgraha hone se Agama-sAhitya kA prAcInatama samaya IsavI sana ke pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdI, tathA valabhI meM AgamoM kI antima vAcanA hone se isakA arvAcInatama samaya IsavI san kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI mAnanA hogaa| ___ kAlakrama se Agama-sAhitya purAnA hotA gayA aura zanaiH zanaiH isa sAhitya meM ullikhita aneka paraMparAyeM vismRta hotI calI gii| aisI hAlata meM AgamoM ke viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke liye niyukti, bhASya, cUrNI, TIkA Adi aneka vyAkhyAoM dvArA isa sAhitya ko puSpita aura pallavita kiyA gayA / phala yaha huA ki AgamoM kA vyAkhyA-sAhitya prAcInakAla se calI AnevAlI aneka anuzrutiyoM, paraMparAoM, aitihAsika aura ardha

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upasaMhAra 687 aitihAsika kathAnakoM tathA dhArmika aura laukika kathAoM kA bhaMDAra bana gyaa| isase kevala vyAkhyAtmaka hone para bhI yaha sAhitya jainadharma aura jaina saMskRti ke abhyAsiyoM ke liye eka atyaMta Avazyaka svataMtra sAhitya hI ho gyaa| isa sAhitya kA nirmANa IsavI san kI lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI se AraMbha huA aura IsA kI 16vIM 17vIM zatAbdI taka calatA rhaa| jaise yaha sAhitya AgamoM ko AdhAra mAna kara likhA gayA, vaise hI isa sAhitya ke AdhAra se uttaravartI prAkRta sAhitya kI racanA hotI rhii| digambara AcAryoM ne zvetAmbarasammata AgamoM ko pramANa rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| zvetAMbara paraMparA ke anusAra kevala dRSTivAda nAma kA bArahavA~ aMga hI ucchinna huA thA, jabaki digambaroM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra samasta Agama naSTa ho gaye the aura kevala dRSTivAda kA hI kucha aMza bAkI bacA thaa| isa aMza ko lekara digambara sampradAya meM SaTakhaMDAgama kI racanA kI gaI aura isa para aneka AcAryoM ne TIkA-TippaNiyA~ likhiiN| 23 bhAgoM meM prakAzita isa bRhadAkAra vizAla graMtha meM khAsa taura se karmasiddhAMta kI carcA hI pradhAna hai jisase pratipAdya viSaya atyanta jaTila aura nIrasa ho gayA hai| zvetAMbarIya AgamoM kI bhA~ti nirgrantha-pravacanasaMbaMdhI vivadhi viSayoM kI vizada aura vyApaka carcA yahA~ nahIM miltii| digaMbara sAhitya meM bhagavatIArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra bahuta mahattva ke haiN| inakI viSayavastu zvetAMbaroM ke niyukti aura bhASya-sAhitya ke sAtha bahuta milatIjulatI hai| zvetAmbara aura digaMbaroM ke prAcIna itihAsa ke kramika vikAsa ko samajhane ke liye donoM ke prAcIna sAhityoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana atyaMta upayogI siddha hogA / kundakundAcArya kA digambara sampradAya meM vahI sthAna hai jo zvetAMbara sampradAya meM bhadrabAhu kA | inake graMthoM ke adhyayana se jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne vedAnta se milatI-julatI adhyAtma kI eka viziSTa

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688 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa zailI ko janma diyA thA, jo zailI jaina paraMparA meM anyatra dekhane meM nahIM AtI / digaMbara AcAryoM kI bhA~ti zvetAMbara vidvAnoM ne bhI Agamo tarakAlIna jainadharmasaMbaMdhI vipula sAhitya kA sarjana kiyA / isameM AcAra-vicAra, karmasiddhAMta, darzana, khaMDana-maMDana Adi sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA gyaa| prakaraNa - pranthoM kI racanA isa kAla kI vizeSatA hai / saralatA se kaMThastha kiye jAnevAle isa prakAra ke laghugraMtha kI saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM racanA kI gii| vidhi-vidhAna aura tIrthasaMbaMdhI prAkRtagranthoM kI racanA bhI isa kAla meM huI / paTTAvaliyoM meM AcAryoM aura guruoM kI paraMparA saMgrahIta kI gaI tathA prabaMdha graMthoM meM aitihAsika prabaMdhoM kI racanA huI / isa prakAra prAkRta - sAhitya kevala mahAvIra ke upadezoM taka hI sImita na rahA, balki vaha uttarottara vyApaka aura samunnata hotA gayA / prAkRta jaina kathA-sAhitya jaina vidvAnoM kI eka viziSTa dena hai / unhoMne dhArmika aura laukika AkhyAnoM kI racanA kara prAkRta-sAhitya ke bhaMDAra ko samRddha kiyA / kathA, vArtA, AkhyAna, upamA, dRSTAnta, saMvAda, subhASita, praznottara, samasyApUrti aura prahelikA Adi dvArA ina racanAoM ko sarasa banAyA gayA / saMskRta sAhitya meM prAyaH rAjA, yoddhA aura dhanI mAnI vyaktiyoM kehI jIvana kA citraNa kiyA jAtA thA, lekina isa sAhitya meM janasAmAnya ke citraNa ko vizeSa sthAna prApta huA / jaina kathAkAroM kI racanAoM meM yadyapi sAmAnyatayA dharmadezanA kI hI mukhyatA hai, rIti-pradhAna zRMgArika sAhitya kI racanA unhoMne nahIM kI, phira bhI pAdalipta, haribhadra, udyotanasUri, nemicandra, guNacandra, maladhAri hemacandra, lakSmaNagaNi, devendrasUri Adi kathA-lekhakoM ne isa kamI ko bahuta kucha pUrA kiyaa| udhara IsavI san kI 11vIM - 12vIM zatAbdI se lekara 14vIM - 15vI zatAbdI taka gujarAta, rAjasthAna aura mAlavA meM jainadharma kA

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upasaMhAra 689 prabhAva uttarottara bar3hatA jA rahA thA jisase prAkRta kathA-sAhitya ko kAphI bala milA | isa samaya kevala Agama athavA una para likhI huI vyAkhyAoM ke AdhAra se hI kathA-sAhitya kA nimaNi nahIM huA, balki aneka abhinava kathA-kahAniyoM kI bhI racanA kI gaI / aneka kathAkoSoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA jinameM cunI huI kathAoM ko sthAna milA | isa prakAra prAkRta kathA-sAhitya meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvana kA vividha aura vistRta citraNa kiyA gayA jo vizeSakara saMskRta sAhitya meM durlabha hai| prAcIna bhArata ke sAMskRtika adhyayana ke liye isa sAhitya kA adhyayana atyanta upayogI hai / isake sivAya bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM pracalita dezI zabdoM kA yahA~ pracura mAtrA meM svacchaMda rUpa se prayoga huaa| ye zabda bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bahuta upayogI haiN| ___kathAnaka aura AkhyAnoM kI bhA~ti tIrthaMkara Adi mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacarita bhI prAkRta meM likhe gye| rAma aura kRSNacarita ke atirikta yahA~ viziSTa yati-muni, satI-sAdhvI, seTha-sAhukAra, maMtrI sArthavAha Adi ke zikSAprada carita likhe gye| ina caritoM meM bIca-bIca meM dhArmika aura laukika sarasa kathAoM kA samAveza kiyA gyaa| saMskRta kI zailI ke anukaraNa para yadyapi prAkRta ke kathAgraMthoM meM jahA~-tahA~ alaMkArapradhAna samAsAMta padAvali meM nagara, vana, aTavI, Rtu, vasaMta, jalakrIr3A Adi ke varNana dekhane meM Ate haiM, phira bhI kathA-sAhitya meM saMskRta-sAhitya jaisI praur3hatA na A sakI / prAkRta kAvya-sAhitya ke nirmANa se yaha kSati bahuta kucha aMza meM pUrI huii| isa kAla meM saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI zailI para zRMgArarasa-pradhAna prAkRta kAvyoM kI racanA huI, aura ina kAvyoM kI racanA prAyaH jainetara vidvAnoM dvArA kI gii| gAthAsaptazatI zrRMgArarasa-pradhAna prAkRta kA eka anupama muktaka kAvya hai jisakI tulanA saMskRta ke kisI bhI sarvazreSTha kAvya se kI 44 prA0 sA

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690 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa A sakatI hai| dhvani aura alaMkAra - pradhAna isa kAvya meM tatkAlIna prAkRta ke sarvazreSTha kaviyoM aura kavayitriyoM kI racanAyeM saMgrahIta jisase patA lagatA hai ki IsavI san kI prathama zatAbdI ke pUrva hI prAkRta kAvya- kalA praur3hatA ko prApta kara cukI thI / upamAoM aura rUpaka kI navInatA isa kAvyakalA kI vizeSatA thI / Anandavardhana, dhanaMjaya, bhoja, mammaTa aura vizvanAtha Adi vidvAnoM ne apane alaMkAra graMthoM meM jo alaMkAra aura rasa Adi ke udAharaNasvarUpa prAkRta kI anekAneka gAthAyeM uddhRta kI haiM usase prAkRta kAvya kI samRddhatA kA patA calatA hai| ina gAthAoM meM adhikAMza gAthAyeM gAthAsaptazatI aura setubandha meM se lI gaI haiN| muktaka kAvya ke atirikta mahAkAvya (setubandha), prabandhakAvya ( gauDavaho ) aura premakAvya ( lIlAvaI ) kI racanA bhI prAkRta sAhitya meM huii| aMta meM kerala nivAsI pANivAda ( IsavI san kI 18vIM zatAbdI) ne kaMsavaho aura usANiruddha jaise khaMDakAvyoM kI racanA kara prAkRta kAvya-sAhitya ko samRddha kiyA / saMskRta ke nATakoM meM bhI prAkRta ko yathocita sthAna milA / yahA~ manoraJjana ke liye bhinna-bhinna pAtroM se mAgadhI, paizAcI, zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI boliyoM meM bhASaNa karAye gaye / mRcchakaTika meM avantI, prAcyA, zakArI, cAMDAlI Adi kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA / kramazaH prAkRta kI lokapriyatA meM vRddhi huI aura ise saTTakoM meM sthAna milaa| zRMgArarasapradhAna prAkRta ke ina saTToM meM kisI nAyikA ke premAkhyAna kA citraNa kiyA gayA aura saTTaka kA nAma bhI nAyikA ke Upara hI rakkhA gayA / prAkRta bhASA kI komala padAvali ke kAraNa hI rAjazekhara apanI karpUramaMjarI kI racanA isa bhASA meM karane ke liye prerita hue / tatpazcAt prAkRta bhASA ko suvyavasthita rUpa dene ke liye prAkRta ke vyAkaraNa likhe gaye / prAkRta bhASA isa samaya bolacAla kI bhASA nahIM raha gaI thI, isaliye prAkRta ke upalabdha sAhitya

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upasaMhAra meM se udAharaNa cuna-cuna kara unake AdhAra se vyAkaraNa ke niyama bane / vyAkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha chaMda aura koSa bhI taiyAra hue | gAthA-chanda prAkRta kA sarvapriya chanda mAnA gayA hai| isameM aura bhI aneka naye chaMdoM kA vikAsa huA, tathA mAtrika athavA tAlavRttoM ko loka-kAvya se uThAkara kAvya meM unakA samAveza kiyA gayA / vidvajjanoM meM prAkRta kA pracAra hone se jyotiSa, sAmudrikazAstra, aura saMgIta Adi para prAkRta graMthoM kI racanA huI / ratnaparIkSA, dravyaparIkSA Adi viSayoM para vidvAnoM ne lekhanI claaii| prAkRta kA sabase prAcIna upalabdha zilAlekha hAthIguMphA kA zilAlekha hai jo IsavI sana ke pUrva lagabhaga prathama zatAbdI meM udayagiri pahAr3I meM utkIrNa kiyA gayA thA / isa prakAra IsavI sana ke pUrva 5 vIM zatAbdI se lagAkara IsavI sana kI 18 vIM zatAbdI taka prAkRta bhASA kA sAhitya bar3e vega se Age bar3hatA rahA / 2300 varSoM ke isa dIrghakAlIna itihAsa meM use bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM se gujaranA pdd'aa| usameM dharmopadeza uddhRta kiye gaye, laukika AkhyAnoM kI racanA huI, kAvyoM kA sarjana huA, nATaka likhe gaye tathA vyAkaraNa, chaMda aura kozoM kA nirmANa huA / yadi prAkRta saMskRta kI zailI Adi se prabhAvita huI to saMskRta ko bhI usane kama prabhAvita nahIM kiyaa| donoM meM vahI saMbaMdha rahA jo do bahanoM meM huA karatA hai| prAkRta ne jaba-jaba saMskRta kI dekhA-dekhI sAhityaka rUpa dhAraNa karane kA prayatna kiyA taba-taba vaha jana-samAja se dUra ho gii| bolacAla kI vaidika prAkRta ko jaba sAhityika rUpa milA to vaha saMskRta bana gii| Age calakara yahI prAkRta pAli aura ardhamAgadhI ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane upasthita huI / jaba usakA bhI sAhityika rUpa nirmANa hone lagA to bolacAla kI prAkRta bhASA apabhraMza kahI jAne lgii| apabhraMza ke pazcAt dezI bhASAoM kA udaya huaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki prAkRta ne janasamudAya kA sAtha nahIM chodd'aa|

Page #699
692 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa paravartI bhAratIya sAhitya ko prAkRta ne aneka rUpa meM prabhAvita kiyaa| madhyayugIna saMta kaviyoM, vaiSNava bhaktoM, sUphiyoM ke premAkhyAnoM satasaiyoM, vairAgya-uktiyoM aura nIti-vAkyoM para isa sAhitya kI chApa pdd'ii| aba taka saMskRta mAhitya ko hI vizeSa mahatva diyA jAtA thA, lekina prAkRta ke vipula sAhitya ke prakAza meM Ane se aba isa sAhitya ke adhyayana kI ora bhI vidvAnoM kI ruci bar3hegI, aisI AzA hai|

Page #700
pariziSTa - 1 katipaya prAkRta granthoM kI zabdasUcI (ka) AcArasUtra ( prAcIna Agama ) | asaMthaDa = asamartha maimaM = matimAn asaI = aneka bAra Ahaha (AhRtya ) = rakhakara gaDabhi ( svakRtabhit ) = apane kiye karma ko bhedana karanevAlA viSNU = vidvAn ativijjo = ati vidvAn laMbho = lAbha sAgArika = maithuna vuiyA (uktA ) = kahA Tags (kIrtayati) = kahatA |huratthA = anyatra kujA ( kuryAt ) = kare hAvae ( sthApayet ) = sthApanA kare adakkhu = dekhate the elikkhae = isa prakAra kI ghAsa = grAsa ukkhA = eka prakAra kA bartana khaddhaM khaddhaM = jaldI jaldI bhiluga = jahA~ kI jamIna phaTa gaI ho durukka = thor3A pIsA huA Aesaga = atithi Nikkhu = bAhara nikalatA hai UsaDha = utsRSTa vaca (varcas ) = rUpa viyaDa = prAsuka jala jugamAyaM = yugamAtra uttiMga = chidra javasa = dhAnya pameilaM (pramedasvI ) - bahuta carbIvAlA assaM paDiyAe (asvapratyaya) = apane liye nahIM vihaM = mArga | NIhaddu ( nissArtha ) = nikAla kara sUtratAMgasUtra (prAcIna Agama ) NUma = mAyA channa = mAyA kaNhuI = = kacit AghaM ( A + khyA) = AkhyAtavAn vibhajjavAya = syAdvAda NIie = nityaH kheanna = 1 - nipuNa hRNNU = hanyamAna heca ( hitvA ) = chor3akara andu = jaMjIra macciyA=martyAH ghaDadAsI = pAnI bharane vAlI khusI (vRSI) = sAdhu gArattha = gRhastha bhagavatIsUtra ( prAcIna Agama ) Aila = Adima matthuluMga = mastakabhedyam (bhejA ) pohanta: pRthaktva koTTakiriyA = eka devI = caMDI baudi = zarIra cuDilava = jalate hue ghAsa ke pUloM kI bhA~ti vesAliyasAvaya = vaizAlI ke rahanevAle mahAvIra ke zrAvaka

Page #701
694 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kuttiyAvaNa = aimI dRkAna jahA~ hara / damanda = pA~ca vastu milanI ho| bhoyaNapiGaga = gyAnA mAne kA vidhA coppAla = caupAla (Tiphina) palhathiapalothI jANukopparamAyAkairala ghoMTU aura kAsavaganAi konI kI mAtA (paMdhyA) vaggU-bacana hasthasaMgahI hAtha meM hAtha DAlakara jJAtRdharmakathA (prAcIna Agama) manA aTTaNasAlA vyAyAmazAlA naTulaga% nRtya javaNiyA yavanikA = paradA nippapasiNavAgaraNa (nis+spRSTa alaMkAriyasabhAmbAla kATane kA sailUna praznagyAkaraNa)-niruttara pocaDa' =nissAra muhamakaDiyA mu~ha Ter3hA karake cidAnA cappuriyA-tAlI denA ASayaNa = vadhasthAna paDhamilluga-prathama pANiyadhariyA=panihArina misiyA=Asana dedIpyamAna-cilakatA huA jhor3A-jIrNa niMdUsaka = geMda jIvavippaja = jIva se vaMcita = uvAsagadasAo (prAcIna Agama) nizcetana pAyadahariya-pAda kA AghAta meDhI = AdhAra savahasAviya-zapathazApita-zapatha dila bhumagAo (bhravI)bhauM poha % peTa karayalapariggahiyaM sirasAvattaM matthae| aMgulI= amundara aMjaliM kaTu = donoM hAthoM kI | peyAla = pradhAna aMjali karake mastaka para rakhanA cAuraMta= jisake cAra aMta ho (saMsAra) uduMbarapuphpha piva dullahe savaNayAe, nannastha (nAnyatra)sivAya kiM puNa pAsaNayAe = udumbara ke | niDAla = lalATa puSpa ke mamAna zravaNa karanA bhI | vehAsa (vihAyasa)= AkAza durlabha hai, dekhane kI to vAta dUra rhii| allalaThThI (Ardra yaSTi)= mulahaThI Asurutte tivaliyaM bhiuDi niDAle | amAghAya-jIvahiMsA na karane kI ghoSaNA kaTTu = krodha se akuTi car3hAkara misimisAyamANa = krodha se dA~ta girikaMdaramallINA iva caMpagalayA | pAsanA parvata kI guphA meM surakSita caMpaka kI | antaHkRtadazA (prAcIna Agama) latA kI bhA~ti jiMdU = bA~ma mArAmuke viva kAe = vadhasthAna se | vAvattI (vyApatti)= vipatti mukta kaue kI bhA~ti | pAsAdiya= prAsAdita sundara vAnA 1. pazcimI uttara pradeza meM pocar3A 3. marAThI meM poTa 2. marAThI meM ceMDU

Page #702
696 tuMDiya = thaMgalA pAlu = "pAna paDiyANiyA : vahiyAvAsI : vuggaha = =thaMgalI prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gaMDa = stana vIrala zvena pakSI udaddara = bhikSa fuTTapatthara TUTe hue patthara kaMvaDiya = kitanA vIsuMbhaNa = jIva aura zarIra kA pRthake = anya gaccha kA bRhatka+pasUtra (dasUtra ) * baccA = mana hariyAhaDiyA = hatAhanikA pavattiNI = sAdhviyoM meM pradhAna sAdhvI dihali = zivA vagaDA = nAr3a sihiriNI = zikhariNI-dahI aura cInI se banA eka niSTa vadha (zrIkhaMDa ) tiraDapaTTa= vRkSavizeSa kI chAla kA banA kapar3A saNaya = rAma = kanAta = paDhA merA = maryAdA ciliyA miliyA: ahAlandaM = kAla kA eka parimANa sakkulI = zaSkulI = tilapApar3I nIDa (nirhata ) = nirgata moya = putra ( kha nizItha bhASya ( bhASyoM kA samaya IsavI san kI lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI ) vAla' = gur3iyA jaDDu = hAthI uMmuga = alAya = jalatA huA kASTha chappatti = jU~ ( chaha pairavAlI ) dogaca = dAridrya kahola=la se taiyAra kI huI bhUmi galola = eka prakAra kA pAtra hAuNAlo = a~gUThI : koluga = vagAla ghaDA = goSThI TInA khola = gorasa meM bhAvita 1. marAThI meM bAhulI / dagavAraya = huA usu = ni kharakammiya rAjapuruSa camaDha = niSkAraNa gaNa se bahiSkRta saMgatI vahakhura = rAvura = * zreSTha ghor3A kAmajala = snAna karane kI caukI khola = phoTara damaa = daridra neDDu = ghara bhor3ayA : = panI (maithuna ke liye grahaNa yogya) = nAgA yA phUA kI lar3akI sAlI viggaha = jananendriya ahiNava = ai oma = durbhikSa * jalodara Dauyara = lAyA = lAjA kuDubhaga = jala kA meTraka koNaya : = lAThI aMciya = durbhikSa kamaNI = jUte mAlavaNa : = mAlava parvata para rahanevAle cora

Page #703
prAkRta granthoM kI zabdasUcI 697 bhaMDI-gAr3I | sAserA = yaMtramayI nartakI bhadaMta AcArya mayUrAMgacUlikA = eka AmaraNa dhAya%mikSa maDaphphara = gamanotsAha aNuraMgA=gAr3I kharikAmukhI dAsI metara-prAsuka cchevaga= mArI vetuliyA= nAstitvavAdI kiDhaga vRddha itthI (sAgAriya) yoni kAsahasyacit phella= daridra vRhatkalpabhASya (IsavI sana kI AyamaNI = luTiyA ghoDA caTTa lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI) dipAThI = vaidhaka jAnanevAlA madgu= jalakAka appAhe-sakAraNa kuDa: ghaTa khaluga%=ghuNTI khaura-eka bhAjana manna-krodha vAluMka-ciTikA = phUTa dINAra = dInAra saMDAsaga= saMDasI saraDU = jisa phala meM guThalI na ho| asaMkhaDa = kalaha viyaraga = kUpikA sAbharaga% rUpaka konAlI= goSThI kotthu = kaustubha gaNi alitta naukAdaMDa moggaragamoMgare kA puSpa guMTha-mor3A maruga-brAhmaNa daMtikka= laDDa Adi jo dA~ta se tor3a sAgAriya-maithunasthAna = yoni kara lAyA jAtA hai| kiDhI=sthavira vyavahArabhASya cADa% palAyana saMgAra-keta khula = durvala vAhuM nAza tuppa' =dhI solaga ghor3e kA sAIsa kaDilla- mahAgahana viyariya= jalAzaya uMDikA- mudrA sigga% parizrama cAliNi = cAlanI = chalanI kharikA=gardI DaMDaNayAmerI saMbhAlatI coppa = cokSa = mUryaH voda: mR jakkhulihaNa = yakSa arthAt kutte ko rakaDuya: mRtaka bhojana ___jIbha se cATA huA Deva%3DDipa - prapAtaM kuru (TIkA) uDDaMcaka- yAcaka muIga = makor3A kolnuparaMpara= kolluka cakranyAya saMgila - samudAya tAlAyara-naTa 1. marAThI meM tuup|

Page #704
698 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa Dahara bAlaka goNI boga kuvaNaya=laguDa ' nbaaisaa =khil bishaal khoDa-kASThamaya | gaMtaga- vana kalama= zAlivizeSa gvaura-nikanA padArtha khaggUDa = AlasI = nidrAlu = azraddhAlu pihassa pIsaNaM NirasthaM pIse hue ko kAhIekAthika-kathA kahane meM tallIna pAsanA nirarthaka hai dhaMtaM- anizaya thAiNi = baDavA = bodI sAgArika zayyAtara = vasati Adi | oli' paMkti dene vaalaa| pelava-niHsattva ghADiya% mitra mattaga%mUtra sAhI= paMkti kAhU = eka vRkSa chinnA=chinAla = chinAla koMcavIraga%= eka jalayAna ruMda%vistIrNa ujjala - atyanta malina ovaga garta khaTTAmala = pUpalikAgvAdaka = sau varSa kA kharaya-dAsa bUr3hA jo svayaM svATa se uThane meM veMTala vazIkaraNaprayoga asamartha ho| viyaraga%= kUpikA navaraMga dRtikA = mazaka eraMDaiya=jise har3aka uThI ho makoDaga = makor3A seDuga% kapAsa pela- pUnI dasA:kinArI bahilaga-karabhI, vesara, baila Adi gora-godhUma agaMThika - kelA=(jisameM gA~Tha na ho) avasAvaNa-kAMjI colaya = bhojana DagaNa= eka yAna uapota-AkIrNa philmasiyA-phisala gaI gAdha-katha % kahanA tatti = vyApAra seDaga%= zveta pancAvI pravrajita kheri parizATI vasadhi = vasati gaMdhasAlI-gaMdhazAli jAdhe= yadA adhava% athavA ahavaNa= athavA chuTagula-gIlA guTa vigaDa-maya siNhA= avazyAya sagala' =samasta kAiya% kAyikI = dIrghazaMkA, laghuzaMkA bhoiya =grAmasvAmI sItAjamahalapUjA sohA sUkhI lakar3I gharAse = gRhavAse adha% akSaNika rahauDa= rAThauDa 1. marAThI meM sagaLA 2. hindI meM soMTA 3. marAThI meM oLI

Page #705
prAkRta granthoM kI zabdasUcI 699 saha sahiSNu veTikA rAjakanyA atara%glAna = rugNa AsiAvaNa%= apaharaNa uduMduga% upahAsya boha-taruNa pappA-prApya = prApta karake kauya- eka naTa Dagalaka% zauca ke samaya TaTTI poMchane | sAravaNa =pramArjana ke liye jaina sAdhuoM dvArA kAma meM | putAI udbhAmikA lAye jAnevAle miTTI ke Dhele kuDaMDa = bA~sa kI TokarI saMkha= saMgrAma khaddha pracura phupukA-kaMDe kI Aga (ga) nizIthacUrNI (cUrNiyoM pharusasAla-kumbhakArazAlA valiTTha variSTha kA kAla IsavI san kI lagabhaga lisI-RSi 6ThI zatAbdI) talu-taru saikSiya= par3osI cuDali= ulkA vukaNNaya =pAse kANiTTa = patthara kI IMTeM godhamma maithuna sajhillaka sagA bhAI sItA-zmazAna muharNataka= mukhavastrikA khaTTika =jAti kA khaTIka moraga% kuNDala maDaha = laghu bhazcaka-bhAnajA vaggali bArabAra vamana karane kI vyAdhi Dabbahattha' = bAyA~ hAtha lomasI= kakar3I gujjhakkhiNI=svAminI haMsolINaM = kaMdhe para car3hanA hoTha% alIka ilaya-churI vessA=aniSTA riNakaMTha pAnI kA kinArA vogaDa%= vyAkRta = sphuTa pAilaga-miTTI khodane kA phAvar3A taccaNNiya-bauddha bhikSu ciliJcila = AI DiMDima= garbha doddhiA =vartana ettha jatI Asi= yahA~ kala yati thA | sigguNa%=zatanu vRkSa teNa mi na Ato isaliye maiM nahIM addhANakappa-rAtribhojana AyA vasudevahiNDI ( IsavI san kI gulu guru aMbalaaMbara ___ lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI kelisa kIdRza sassU-sAsa kahasivakATha kA ziva kabbaDadevayA = karbaTadevatA bhUNaya = putra vaMThANa = avivAhita ummarI-dehalI DiMDI (baMdha)-garbhasambhava 1. gujarAtI meM DAvo hAtha

Page #706
700 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gAmellaa =grAmINa anADa=jAra sUyarapillaasUara kA pillA puhAliyA-poTalI vitaDDi= vedikA johAra = juhAra coppaDa =cupar3A huA baruanuNa rahiyAthika jJAnapaMcamI (IsavI sana kI 11 kallANa%DvivAha sarIrovaroha = zauca vIM zatAbdI se pUrva ) | chelI = bakarI upadezayada (IsavI san kI gaDuriya= bher3a AThavIM zatAbdI) mAiNhiamRgatRSNA choyara' = chokarA ( lar3akA) saMbhAlai-saMbhAlanA liMDI= leMDI makkaDaya-baMdara avAuDavasahI (avyApRtavasahI) caraDa = caraTa (luTara ko eka jAni / digaMbara sAdhuoM kI vasati ciDaya-cir3iyA choliya= cholanA (chilakA utAranA latta:lAta AlukA eka prakAra kA banana joDiya= jor3anA piTTaNa = nITanA sugharI= bayA jhuMTaNaka = eka pazu ghAlliyA =DAla denA aMgohali' =sira chor3a kara gale taka kA snAna surasuMdarIcaria (IsavI sana kI khADahilA=gilaharI 11 vIM zatAbdI) TAra-yoTA ghor3A juyAri-jaMvAra daMgigaya= gAya-bailoM kA mugviyA dekkhaliyaM dekhA samara%DkAmadeva kA Ayatana vArahar3I=yuddha dottaDI =duSTa nadI DoliyA = DolI biccu = bicchu siliMba zizu dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa (IsavI TuMbaya kara mAranA sana kI 6 vIM zatAbdI) veDaya = ber3A jhokSa-yuddha tarihi =tahi = to vallUra (1) rola = AvAja ahavvA asatI%3D kulaTA bhaMbhalA-mUrkha Dhayara-pizAca tukkhAra=ghor3e kayavara-kacarA Takkara: rakkara mAranA TiviTikkiya% vibhUSita mettalakAmadeva 1. gujarAtI meM chokarA 2. marAThI meM AMghoLa 3. hindI meM bicchU 4. marAThI meM zeLI 5. gujarAtI tumbA 6. raulA pazcimI hindI meM

Page #707
bhavabhAvanA ( IsavI san kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ) kANavarADa = kAnI kaur3I caluatiga= tIna cullU gaMdalIbhUa = gaMdalA kaMNarolo (?) baMMdurA prAkRta granthoM kI zabdasUcI = azvazAlA gAvIcuMkhaNaDiMbha = kRSNa kA saMbodhana kuTTae = kUTatA hai| Dhoya' = lakar3I kI DoI kacchoha = choga phADa = phAr3atA hai ThikkariyAo = ThIkariyA~ vANijArAya = banajAre ciMgiyA (?) rasoi = rasoI cuMTiUNa = caMTakara lUiA = la. ghaMTe =tA hai| buMbAo ' = cillAnA lUDai = lUTatA hai bahiNI raMDola (?) bheTTio = bheMTa kI = bahana kappAsapUrNI aMbilI = imalI pote = kapar3e gharagojarI = chipakalI = kapAsa kI pUnI damma = dramma kaNNakaya = kAna ko kahuA lagane vAlA 1. gujarAtI meM Doyo 3. gujarAtI meM bUma mAranA 5. marAThI meM karavata 7. sukAna gujarAtI meM bahuya = baTuka cakkhuliMDi = Akha kA maila (?) pAsanAhacariya ( IsavI san kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ) beDilA = naukA, jahAja kaMDavaDI (?) taMbolabIDao : karavatI = karavA raMdhayArIhara = rasoIghara AlapAla (?) arADI = kolAhala = pAna kA vIr3A kusI = lohe kA hathiyAra peDA = maMjUSA, peTI talahaTTI = siMcana TAlia khoTTigA = khoTA sikkA = bhraSTa gAlidANa = gAlI denA nAhara = rIThA = nindA sudaMsaNAcariya ( IsavI san kI 13 vIM zatAbdI) * siha baiho : = baiThA 701 bhilla = karNadhAra ( nAva kA ) bhAiNeyI = bhAgineyI sukkA : = sukAna dosi haTTa = kapar3e kI dukAna muruRkha = mUrkha supAsanAhacariya ( IsavI san kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ) nikkAleuM = nikAlane ke liye 2. marAThI meM kAsoTA 4. pazcimI hindI meM pota 6. pazcimI uttara pradeza meM rADa

Page #708
702 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ciMciNIgA-gharaTTikA cheppa =pU~cha dijaudo voDahI= kumArI yA taruNI pukkarai%= pukAratA hai caMdila = nApita DAla-zAkhA voDa= dRSTa athavA kanavidA khilliyaM kharIdA chIollaka% mukhavikAra TopI TopI aDaaNA% asatI jhulaMti =jhUlate haiM pAuhArI kheta meM bhojana le jAnevAlA thukkiUNa-thUkakara heDAu =dAsI (?) karimaribandI maMDa-mAMDA pADIbhaisa uMDA' = gaharA bhoNDI = sUkarI siddhivadhUpariraMbha-siddhirUpI vadhU kA tausI = gvIrA AliMgana vellahala = sundara lijaulo lehala = laMpaTa ThagioThagA gayA maMDala%DkuttA jhilio=jhala liyA kuDaMga- mahipa sAhuli= eka vastra ciraDI varNamAlA gaDDaya = gAr3I kuiMti = kUdate haiM sirivAlakahA (IsavI sana kI cuMTato cunate hue 14 vIM zatAbdI) paTTaila = paTela khillei khelatA hai peDaya-samUha mukalapaya-muktapada = akele iDDarIya =iDalI (eka prakAra kI miThAI) AmUlacUla = atha se iti taka lIlAvatI (IsavI san kI 8vIM liMkalI= eka pAtra zatAbdI vesarI-khaccara halabbola = kolAhala lAga-cuMgI ajjhA= navapariNItA guDDara-khemA khora = adhama strI, vezyA bhuMgala =eka vAtha porattha %durjana gAthAsaptazatI ( IsavI san kI gaDiyA prathama zatAbdI) pulI yAtrI DibaIu = niMbakITa uttAvala: utAvalA P 1. UNDA gujarAtI meM 3. marAThI meM guDhItoraNa 2. marAThI meM zepaTI

Page #709
pariziSTa-2 alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI [gA0 sa0-gAthAsaptazatI (baMbaI, 1933), setu setubandha (baMbaI, 1935), kAvyA kAvyAdarza, kAvyAlaM = kAvyAlaMkAra (biMbaI, 1909), dhvanyA0 =dhvanyAloka (banArasa, 1953), daza dazarUpaka.(banArasa, 1955), sa0 ke0 =sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa (baMbaI, 1934), alaMkAra = alaMkArasarvasva (baMbaI, 1893), kA0pra0 = kAvyaprakAza (banArasa, 1955), kAvyAnu0 = kAvyAnuzAsana (baMbaI, 1938), sAhitya sAhityadarpaNa (banArasa, 1955), rasarasagaMgAdhara (vaMbaI, 1888), zRGgAra0 = zRGgAraprakAza (madrAsa, 1926; maisUra 1955; isa grantha ke samasta padya uddhRta nahIM haiM ] aikovaNA vi sAsU ruAviA gavaIa sonnhaae| pAapaDaNoNNaAe dosu vigaliesu blesu|| (gA0 sa05,93, sa0 ke05, 339) proSitabhartRkA (jisa strI kA pati paradeza gayA hai) putravadhU jaba apanI sAsa ke pAdabaMdana ke lie gaI to usake hAtha ke donoM kaMkaNa nikala kara gira par3e, yaha dekhakara bahuta gussevAlI sAsa bhI ro pdd'ii| aha diara ! kiMNa pecchasi AAsaM kiM muhA paloesi / jAAi bAhumUlaMmi achuandANa pArivADim // (gA0sa0670%, kAvyA0 pR0368,568) (bhAbhI apane devara se parihAsa karatI huI kaha rahI hai) he devara ! AkAza kI ora vyartha hI kyA tAka rahe ho? kyA apanI priyA ke vakSaHsthala para bane hue nakhakSatoM ko nahIM dekhate ? ( atizayokti alaMkAra ) ai dummaNA! aja kiNo pucchAmi tumaM / jeNa jivijai jeNa vilAso palihijjA kIsa jaNo / (saM0ke02,395) he durmanaska ! Aja maiM tumase pUchatI hU~ ki jisake kAraNa jIte haiM aura jisase Amoda-pramoda karate haiM, usa jana kA kyoM parihAsa kiyA jAtA hai ? (rAsa kA udAharaNa) aipihulaM jalakumbhaM ghettUNa samAgadahi sahi ! turijam / samaseasalilaNIsAsaNIsahA vIsamAmi khaNam // (kA0pra03,13) he sakhi! maiM bahuta bar3A jala kA ghar3A lekara jaldI-jaldI AI hai isase zrama ke kAraNa pasInA bahane lagA hai aura merI sA~sa calane lagI hai jise maiM sahana nahIM

Page #710
704 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kara sakatI, ataeva kSaNa bhara ke lie maiM vizrAma le rahI hU~ / ( yahA~ corI-corI kI huI rati kI dhvani vyakta kI gaI hai ) / (ArthI vyaJjanA) ai sahi ! vakkullAviri cchuhihisi gottassa masthae chAram / accantadattadiSTeNa sAmi (?) balieNa hasieNa // (sa0 ke0 3, 155) he sakhi ! vakra AlApoM ke dvArA atizaya rUpa se dekhatI huI, vakra hAsya dvArA tU gotra ke mastaka para rAkha lagAyegI ( arthAt nAma dUSita kregii)| (pUrvavat kA udAharaNa) agaNiasesajuANA bAlaa ! voliinnloamjjaaaa| ai sA bhamai disAmuhapasAriacchI tuha kaeNa // (gA0 sa0 156; sa0 ke05,341) are nAdAna ! tumhAre sivAya aura saba navayuvakoM kI avagaNanA karake lokamaryAdA kI paravA na karatI huI vaha tumheM cAroM tarapha A~kheM khola-kholakara dekhatI phiratI hai| acchau tAva maNaharaM piAe muhadasaNaM aimahancha / taggAmakhettasImA vi jhatti diThA suhAvei // (zrRMgAra013, 60, gA0sa02,68) priyA ke atimahAdha manohara mukhadarzana kI kyA bAta kaheM, usake gA~va ke kheta kI sImA dekhakara bhI atizaya sukha prApta hotA hai| (AhAda kA udAharaNa) accheraM va NihiM via sagge rajjaM va amaapANaM v| . Asi mha taM muhuttaM viNisaNadasaNaM tissaa| (zRGgAra0 10-44, gA0 sa02, 25) eka kSaNa bhara ke liye use vastravihIna dekhakara maiM Azcaryacakita raha gayA, mAnoM koI nidhi mila gaI ho, svarga kA rAjya prApta ho gayA ho, yA phira amRta kA pAna kara liyA ho / ( rati kA udAharaNa ) ajamae gantabvaM ghaNandhaAre vi tassa suhass| ajA NimIliacchI paaparivADi ghare kunni|| (gA0sa03, 49, sa0 ke05, 147) (rAtri ke samaya ) ghora andhakAra hone para bhI Aja mujhe usa subhaga ke pAsa avazya jAnA hai, yaha socakara nAyikA apane ghara meM A~kha mIMcakara calane kA abhyAsa karane lgii| aja mae teNa viNA aNuhUasuhAI sNbhrntiie| ahiNavamehANaM ravo NisAmio vajhapaDaho ca // (gA0sa01,29, sa0ke05138) Aja usakI anupasthiti meM anubhava kie hue sukhoM ko smaraNa karate hue maiMne

Page #711
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 705 vadhyasthAna ko le jAte samaya vajAye jAne vAle paTaha ke samAna nUtana meghoM kI garjanA kA zabda sunA hai| ajja vi tAva ekkaM mA maM vArehi piasahi ! ruantim / kalli uNa tammi gae jai Na marissaM Na roissam / / (sa0 ke05,345, gA0 sa05,2) he priyasakhi ! Aja kevala eka dina ke lie rotI huI mujhe mata roko kala usake cale jAne para, yadi maiM jIvita rahI to phira kabhI na rouuNgii| aja vi seajalollaM pabvAi Na tIa hliasonnhaae| phaggucchaNacikkhillaM jaM tai diNNaM thaNucchaMge / (sa0 ke0 5, 226) usa kRSaka-vadhU ke stanoM para phAga khelane ( phaggucchaNa) ke avasara para lagAyA huA kAdoM svedajala se gIlA hone para Aja bhI nahIM chuutttaa| ajavi hari camakA kahakahavi na maMdareNa dliaaii| candakalAkaMdalasacchahAiM lacchIi aMgAI // (kAvyAnu0, pR099, 159) candrakalA ke aMkura ke samAna lakSmI kA zarIra kisI bhI kAraNa se maMdara parvata se dalita nahIM huA, yaha dekhakara viSNu bhagavAn Aja bhI Azcaryacakita ajja vi bAlo dAmoaro tti ia jaMpie jsoaae| kaNhamuhapesiacchaM NihuaM hasikaM baabahUhi // (gA0sa02,120 sa0ke04,219) abhI to kRSNa bAlaka hI hai, isa prakAra yazodA ke kahane para kRSNa ke mu~ha ko TakaTakI lagAkara dekhatI huI brajavanitAyeM chipa-chipakara ha~sane lgiiN| (paryAya alaMkAra) ajja suraaMmi piasahi ! tassa vilakkhattaNaM haraMtIe / akaatthAe kattho pio mae uNi mvuuddho|| (zRGgAra 47, 229) he priya sakhi ! Aja surata ke samaya usakI lajjA apaharaNa karate hue mujha' akRtArtha dvArA kRtArtha kiyA huA priyatama punaH punaH mere dvArA AliMgana kiyA gayA) (nityAnukArI kA udAharaNa / ajAe NavaNahakkhaaNikkhaNe garuajovvaNuttaMgam / paDimAgamaNiaNaaNuppalaccioM hoi thaNavaTTham // (sa0 ke05, 221%, gA0 sa02,50) guru yauvana se ubhare apane stanoM para bane hue nUtana nakhakSatoM ko dekhate samaya nAyikA ke netroM kA (usake stanoM para ) jo pratibimba par3A, usase aisA pratIta huA ki mAnoM nIla kamaloM se vaha pUjA kara rahI hai / 45 prA0 sA0

Page #712
706 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ajAe pahAro NavaladAe diNNo pieNa thaNavaTTe / miuo vi dUsaho via jAo hiae savattINam // (dhvanyA0 u01, pR075) priyatama ne apanI preyasI ke stanoM para naI latA dvArA jo prahAra kiyA, vaha komala hote hue bhI sautoM ke hRdaya ko asahya ho utthaa| (lakSaNA kA udAharaNa) aNuNiakhaNaladdhasuhe puNovi smbhriamnnnnuduumiavihle| hiae mANavaIgaM cireNa paNaagaruo pasammaI roso|| (sa0ke05, 277) manuhAra ke kAraNa kSaNa bhara ke lie sukha ko prApta aura smaraNa kie hue krodha ke kAraNa vihvala aisI mAnavatI nAyikAoM ke hRdaya kA praNayajanya gaMbhIra roSa bahuta dera meM zAMta hotA hai| aNumaraNapatthiAe paJcAgaajIvie piaamammi / vehavvamaMDaNaM kulavahUa sohaggaraM jAam // (sa0 ke05, 275; gA0 sa07, 33) koI kulabadhU apane pati ke mara jAne para satI hone jA rahI thI ki itane meM usakA priyatama jI utthaa| (aise samaya ) usane jo vaidhavyasacaka alaMkAra dhAraNa kiye the ve saubhAgyasUcaka ho gye| aNNattha vacca bAlaya ! pahAyaMtiM kIsa maM puloesi / eyaM bho jAyAbhIruyANattahaM ciya na hoi / / (kAvyAnu0 pR0 85,85) he nAdAna ! snAna karatI huI mujhe tU kyoM dekha rahA hai ? yahA~ se calA jaa| jo apanI patnI se Darate haiM unake lie yaha sthAna nahIM ( IrSyA ke kAraNa pracchannakAminI kI yaha ukti hai)| aNNamahilApasaMgaM de deva ! karesu amha diass| purisA ekantarasA Na hu dosaguNe viANanti // (sa0kaM05,388 gA0sa01,48) he deva ! hamAre priyatama ko anya mahilAoM kA bhI sAtha ho, kyoMki ekaniSTha puruSa triyoM ke guNa-doSoM ko nahIM samajha paate| . (parabhAga alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) aNNaha Na tIrai cia parivaDDhaMtaagaruasaMtAvam / maraNaviNoeNa viNA viramAveDaM virahadukkham // (saM0ke05,342, gA0sa04,49) (priyatama ke) viraha kA dukha dina pratidina bar3hatA huA ghora saMtApa utpanna karatA hai; maraNa-krIr3A ke binA use zAnta karane kA aura koI upAya nhiiN| aNNua ! NAhaM kuviA, uvaUhasu, kiM muhA pasAemi / tuha maNNusamuppaNNeNa majjha mANeNa vi Na kajjam / / (saka05, 248)

Page #713
alaMkAra anthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 707 he nAdAna ! maiM gussA nahIM huuN| ( nAyaka uttara detA hai ) to phira merA tU AliMgana kara, maiM vyartha hI tujhe manA rahA hU~; tere krodha se utpanna mAna se mujhe prayojana nhiiN| aNNe vi hu honti chaNA Na uNo dIAliAsaricchA de| jattha jahicchaM gammai piavasahI dIvaamiseNa // (sa0 kaM 5, 315) utsada bahuta se haiM lekina divAlI ke samAna koI utsava nahIM / isa avasara para icchAnusAra kahIM bhI jA sakate haiM aura dIpaka jalAne ke bahAne apane priya ko vasati meM praveza kara sakate haiN| aNNaM laDahattaNayaM aNNa ciya kAvi vttnncchaayaa| sAmA sAmaNNapayAvaissa reha cciya na hoi|| (kAvyAnu0 pR0 368, 569; kA0pra0 20, 450) ila navayauvanA kI sukumAratA kucha aura hai aura lAvaNya kucha aura kisA sAmAnya prajApati kI racanA yaha kadApi nahIM ho sktii| ( atizayokti kA udAharaNa) atahaTie vi tahasahie bva hiaammi jA givesei / atthavisese sA jaai vikaDakaigoarA vANI // (dhvanyA0 u04, pR0598) artha vizeSa meM avidyamAna artha ko jo vidyamAna kI bhA~ti hRdaya meM baiThA detI hai, aisI kaviyoM kI utkRSTa vANI kI vijaya ho|| attantaharamaNijaM amhaM gAmassa maMDaNIhaam / luatilavADisaricchaM sisireNa kasaM misiNisaMDam // (sa0 ke02, 77) hamAre gA~va kI ekamAtra zobhA atyanta ramaNIya kamalinI ke vana ko zizira Rtu ne kATe hue tila ke kheta ke samAna banA diyA ! attA estha tu majai ettha ahaM diyasayaM puloesu / mA pahiya rattiaMdhaya ! sejAe mahaM nu majihasi // (kAvyAnu0 pR. 53, 14, sAhitya, pR0 17; kAvya0 pra05 136; gA0sa07,67) he ratauMdhI vAle pathika ! tU dina meM hI dekha le ki merI sAsa yahA~ sotI hai aura maiM vahA~, kahIM aisA na ho ki tU merI khATa para gira pdd'e| ( abhinaya aura niyama alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) atthakkAgaahiae bahuA daiammi gurupuro| jaraDa vialaMtANaM harisavisahANa balaANama (ma005.251) (pravAsa para gaye hue ) priyatama ke akasmAra lauTa Ane para harSa se svalita hue kaMkaNoM vAlo badhU gurujanoM ko sAmane dekhakara jhura rahI hai|

Page #714
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa atthakkarusaNaM khaNapasijjaNaM aliavaaNaNibbandho / ummaccharasantAvo puttaa ! paavI siNehassa || (sa0 kaM0 5, 178; gA0 sa07, 75 ) he putra ! acAnakA rUTha jAnA, kSaNabhara meM prasanna ho jAnA, bhithyA vacana kahakara kisI bAta kA Agraha karanA aura IrSyA se saMtApa karanA - yaha sneha kA mArga hai / 708 ahaMsaNeNa puttaa ! suTTha vi hatthauDapANiAI va kAleja nehANubandha gahiAI / galanti pemmAI // (sa0 kaM0 5, 328; gA0 sa0 3, 36 ) he putra ! hastapuTa meM rakhe hue jala kI bhA~ti snehAnubaMdha se gRhIta suSThu prema dIrghakAla taka darzana ke abhAva meM kSINa hone lagatA hai / andanteNa NahaM mahiM ca taDiuddhamAiadiseNa / dundahigambhIraravaM dunduhiaM aMbuvAheNa 11 (sa0kaM0 2,190 ) AkAza aura pRthvI para phaila jAnevAlA tathA bijalI se samasta dizAoM ko prakAzita karanevAlA maigha duMdubhi kI bhA~ti gaMbhIra zabda karane lagA / amaama gaaNasehara raaNImuhatilaa canda ! decchivasu / chitto jehiM piaamo mamaM vi tehiM cia karehiM // (sa0 kaM0 5, 337, gA0 sa01, 16 ) jina kiraNoM dvArA tU ne mere priyatama kA sparza kiyA haiM, unhIM kiraNoM se amRta rUpa, AkAza ke mukuTa aura rajanImukha ke tilaka he candramA ! tU mujhe bhI sparza kara / (parikara alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) amhArisA vi kaiNo kaiNo halibuDDhahAlapamuhA vi / maNDukamA vahu honti harIsappasiMhA vi // (sa0 kaM0 1, 133 ) kahA~ hamAre jaise aura kahA~ harivRddha aura hAla ityAdi ( asAdhAraNa pratibhAvAna ) kavi ? kahA~ meDhaka aura baMdara tathA kahA~ sarpa aura siMha ? alasa siromaNi dhuttANaM aggimo putti ! dhaNasamiddhimao / ia bhaNieNa NaaMgI pamphulla viloaNA jAbhA // ( kAvya0 4, 60 ) he putra ! (jisase tuma prema karatI ho) vaha AlakSiyoM kA ziromaNi, dhUrtoM kA aguA aura dhana-sampattivAlA hai / itanA sunate hI usakI A~kheM khila uThIM aura usakA zarIra jhuka gayA / ( arthazakti udbhatra dhvani kA udAharaNa ) aliapasuttaaviNimIliaccha ! desu suhaa ! majjha oAsaM / gaNDapariDaMbaNApulai aGga Na puNo cirAissaM // (sa0 kaM0 5, 169; sA0, pR0 194; gA0 sa0 1, 20 )

Page #715
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 709 jhUTha-mUTha sone kA bahAnA banAkara apanI A~kheM mIcanevAle he subhaga ! mujhe (apane vistare pA) jagaha de / tumhAre kapola kA cuMbana lene se tumheM pulakita hote hue maiMne dekhA hai / saca kahatI hU~, aba kabhI itanI dera na lagAU~gI ( udbheda aura vyAja alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) avasara rouM cia NimmiAI mA pusasu me hacchiiiN| dasaNamettummattehiM jahi hiaaM tuha Na NAam // (dhvanyA0 u0 3, pR0 331) (he khaTha nAyaka ! ) yahA~ se dUra ho, merI abhAgI A~kheM (vidhAtA ne ) rone ke lie hI banAI hai, inheM nata poMcha; tere darzana mAtra se unmatta huI ye A~kheM tere hRdaya ko na pahacAna skiiN| avaUhiapuvadise samajha joNhAe seviapaosamuhe / mAi ! Na zijau raagI varadisAitapacchiammi miaMke / - (sa0 ke0 5, 356) apanI jyoHlA se jisane pUrva dizA kA AliMgana kiyA hai aura pradoSamukha kA jisane pAna kiyA hai aisA candramA pazcima dizA kI ora jA rahA hai / he mAI ! rAta nahIM kaTatI / avaraNhAaajAbhAuassa viuNei mohaNukaMThaM / bahuAe gharapaloharamajaNamuhalo vlasho| (zRMgAra 22, 98) dAmAda kA aparAhnakAla meM Agamana surata kI utkaMThA ko dugunA kara detA hai / usa samaya ghara ke pichavAr3e slAna meM saMlagna vadhU ke kaMkar3oM kA zabda sunAI dene lgaa| avalambiamANaparammuhIma eMtassa mANiNI ! piass| puTapulauggamo tuha kahei saMmuhaThiaM hiaaN|| (sa0 ke05,381, gA0 sa0 1, 87) he mAnini ! priyatama ke Ane para tU mAna karake baiTha gaI, kintu terI pITha ke romAMca se mAlUma hotA hai ki terA hRdaya usameM lagA hai|' (virodha alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) avalambaha mA saMkaha Na imA gahalaMdhiyA paribbhamai / atthakkagajiubbhaMtahitthahiaA pahiajAA // kaM05,343 gA0sa04,86) sahasA bAdaloM ke garjana se masta huI pravAsa para gaye hue pathika kI priyatamA ghara chor3akara bhaTakatI phiratI hai| kisI bhUta-preta kI bAdhA se vaha pIr3ita nahIM, Daro mata / sahArA dekara ise bAhara jAne se roko| 1.milAiye-rahI pheri mukha heri ita hitasamuhe cita naari| dIThi parata uThi pIThi ke pulake kahata pukAri // (bihArIsatasaI 567)

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710 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa . avasahiajaNo paiNA salAhamANeNa ecciraM hsio| cando ti tujha muhsNmuhdinnnnkusumNjlivilkkho|| (sa0 0 5, 298; gA0 sa0 4, 46) tumhAre rUpa ke prazaMsaka tumhAre pati ke dvArA, tumhAre mukha ko candrodaya samajhakara use kusumAMjali pradAna karane ke kAraNa lajjita jana parihAsa kA pAtra huaa|' (bhrAntimAna alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) aviapecchaNijeNa takkhaNaM mAmi ! teNa dittttainn| siviNaapIeNa va pANieNa taNhacia Na phiTTA // (zRMgAra 4,5) he mAmI ! usa kSaNa avitRSNa nayanoM se use dekhane se aisA mAlUma huA jaise svapna meM jala kA pAna kiyA hai aura usase tRSNA hI nahIM bujhii| avibhAviaraaNimuhaM tassa a saccariavimalacandujoam / jAaM piAvirohe baddhantANusaamUDhalakkhaM hiaam // (sa0 kaM05, 203) sandhyAkAla bIta jAne para, saccaritra rUpI nirmala candramA ke prakAza se prakAzita usa ( nAyikA ) kA hRdaya, apane priyatama ke pAsa rahane para, vRddhi ko prApta atizaya prema ke kAraNa vikSipta jaisA dikhAI diyaa| avvochiNNapasario ahi uddhAi phuriasuurcchaao| ucchAho suhaDANaM visamakkhalio mahANaINaM sotto|| (sa0 kaM 4, 52, setubaMdha 3, 17) mahAnadiyoM ke pravAha kI bhA~ti viSama saMkaTa meM skhalita (pravAha ke pakSa meM viSama bhUmi para skhalita), avyavacchinna rUpa se phailane vAlA aura zUravIroM kI mukhazrI bar3hAne vAlA (pravAha ke pakSa meM sUrya kI chAyA ke pratibimba se yukta ) aisA subhaToM kA utsAha adhikAdhika tIvratA se agrasara hotA hai| anvo dukaraAraa ! puNo vi tatti karesi gamaNassa / ajja vi Na hoMti saralA veNIa taraMgiNo ciurA // (saM0 ke0 5, 291; gA0 sa0 3, 73) he nirdayI ! abhI to merI veNI ke keza bhI sIdhe nahIM hue. aura tU phira se jAne kI bAta karane lgaa| __asaINa Namo tANaM dappaNasarisesu jANa hiaetu / jo ThAi purao sahasA socea saMkamai // (zRGgAra 42, 207) 1. milAiye-tU rahi hohI sasi lakhau car3hi na aTA bali bAla / sabahinu binu hI sasi lakheM dehaiM aragha akAla / (bihArIsatasaI 284) 2. milAiye-ajyoM na Aye sahaja raMga viraha dUbare gaat| . .. ... abahI kahA calAiyata lalana calana kI bAta / / (bihArIsatasaI 6)

Page #717
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 711 kulaTA striyoM ko namaskAra hai, jinake darpaNa ke samAna hRdayoM meM jo sAmane upasthita hai, vahI hUbahU pratibiMvita bhI hotA hai / asamatto vi samappA aparigrahialahuo paraguNAlAvo / tassa piApaDivaDDhA Na samappai raisuhAsamattA vi kahA // (sa0 ke05,340) atizaya mahAn dUsare ke guNoM kI prazaMsA asamApta hokara bhI samApta ho jAtI hai, lekina usakI priyatamA ke ratisukha kI kathA kabhI samApta nahI hotii| asamattamaNDaNA cia vacca gharaM se skouhllss| bolAviahalahalaassa putti ! citte Na laggihisi // (sa0 kaM05, 174; gA0 sa0 1, 21) he putri! tU apane sAja-zRGgAra ke pUrNa hue binA hI ( terI pratIkSA meM) utsukatA se baiThe hue apane priya ke ghara jaa| usakI utsukatA zithila ho jAne para phira tU usake mana na bhaayegii| aha tai sahatthadiNNo kaha vi khlntmttjnnmjhe| tissA thaNesu jAo vilevaNaM komuIvAso // (sa0 ke05,314) pUrNimA kI jyotsnA kisI nAyikA ke stanapRSTha para par3a rahI hai, mAlUma hotA hai ki skhalita hote hue madonmatta logoM ke bIca meM kisI nAyaka ne apane hAthoM se usake stanoM para lepa kara diyA hai| aha dhAviUNa saMgamaeNa sambaMgiraM paDicchanti / phAgumahe taruNIo gaivaisuahatthacikkhilaM // (sa0 ke05,304) eka sAtha daur3akara yuvatiyA~, phAga ke utsava para, gRhapati ke putra ke hAtha kI kIcar3a ko apane samasta aGga meM lagavAne ke lie utsuka ho rahI haiN| ahayaM lajjAluiNI tassavi ummantharAiM pimmaaii| sahiAaNo aniuNo alAhi kiM pAyarAeNa // (kAvyAnu0 pR0 155, 175; gA0 sa02, 27) maiM to zaramAlI hU~, aura usakA prema utkaTa hai; merI sakhiyA~ ( jarA se nizAna se ) saba kucha samajha jAtI haiN| phira bhalA mere caraNoM ke raMgane se kyA lAbha ? (ratikrIr3A ke samaya puruSa ke samAna AcaraNa karane vAlI nAyikA kI yaha ukti hai|) (vyAjokti alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) aha sA tahiM tahiM bia vANIravaNammi cukksNkeaa| tuha daMsaNaM vimaggai panbhaTTaNihANaThANaM va // (sa0kaM05,400% gA0sa04, 18) usI beMta ke vana meM diye hue saMketa ko bhUlakara vaha, nidhisthala ko bhUle hue vyakti kI bhA~ti, tumhAre darzana ke lie idhara-udhara bhaTakatI phira rahI hai|

Page #718
712 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa / aha so vilakkhahiao mae ahavvAi agnniappnno| paravajaNacirIhiM tumhehi uvekkhio jaMto // (sa0kaM 5, 399; gA0 sa05,20) he sakhiyo ! usake praNaya kI paravA na kara mujha abhAginI ne use lajjita kara diyA aura parapuruSa ko vAdyapUrvaka nacAte hue tuma logoM ne bAhara jAte samaya usakI upekSA kii| ahiNavapaoarasiesu sohai sAmAiesa diahes| rahasapasAriagIANaM NaccioM moravindANaM // (sAhitya pR0849, dhvanyA u03, pR0574, gA0 sa06,59) abhinava meghoM kI garjanA se yukta rAtri kI bhA~ti dikhAI dene vAle dinoM meM megha ko dekhane ke lie) zIghratA se apanI gardana uThAne vAle moroM kA nAca kitanA sundara lagatA hai ! (upamA aura rUpaka kA udAharaNa) ahiNavamaNaharaviraiavalayavihasA vihAi nnvvhuaa| kuMdalayabva samupphullagucchapariliMtabhamaragaNA // (kAvyAnu0 pR0 207, 225, sa0 ke0 1,37) abhinava sundara kaMkaNoM ke AbhUSaNoM se navavadhU zobhita ho rahI hai, mAnoM phUloM ke gucchoM para mar3arAte hue bhauroM se veSTita kuMdapuSpa kI latA ho| (adhika upamA kA udAharaNa) AambaloaNANaM olNsuapaaaddorujhnnaannN| avaraNhamajjirINaM kae Na kAmo dhaNuM vahai / (sa0 ke0 5, 135; gA0 sa05, 73) (sadyaH snAna karane se ) jisake netra lalauheM ho gaye haiM, aura gIle vastra hone se jisake uru aura jaghana dikhAI par3a rahe haiM, aparAhna kAla meM khAta aisI nAyikA ke lie kAmadeva ko dhanuSa dhAraNa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI (aisI nAyikA to svayaM hI kAmIjanoM ke mana meM kSobha utpanna kara detI hai)| AarapaNamioTTa aghaDiaNAsaM asaMghaDiaNilADam / vaNNagghaalippamuhIma tIa pariumbaNaM mrimo|| (sa0 kaM 5, 212; gA0 sa0 1, 22) haldImizrita ghI se lipta mu~havAlI (rajasvalA strI ne) apanI nAsikA aura lalATa ke sparza ko bacAte hue. bar3e Adara se apane adharoSTha ko jhukAkara jo cuMbana diyA vaha hameM Aja bhI yAda hai| Aujjhima piTTiae jaha kukkuli NAma majjha bhttaale| pekkhantaha lAulakaNNiAhe hA kassa kandemi // . (sa0 kaM0 1, 31) kukara kI bhA~ti mere bhartA ko DA~Ta-phaTakAra kara pITA gayA / he rAjakula ke karmacAriyo ! dekho, aba maiM kisake Age roU~?

Page #719
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI ANAsaAi deMtI taha surae harisaviasiakavolA / gose va oNaamuhI asasotti piA Na saGghahimo // (zRGgAra 53, 1 ) harSa se vikasita kapolavAlI aura surata ke samaya saikar3o AzAyeM denevAlI hI priyA prabhAta kAla meM muMha nIcA karake calatI hai, yaha vizvAsa nahIM monA / ANiapula ubbheo savattipaNaaparidhUsarammi vi gurue / piasaNe pavaDDhar maNNuTThANe vi rUpiNIa pahariso // (sa0 kaM0 5,330) sapalI ke praNaya se atyadhika dhUsarita aura ropa ke sthAna aise priyadarzana hone para pulakita huI rukmiNI kA harSa bar3hane lagA / 713 Ama ! asaio orama paivvae Na tue maliNiaM sIlam / kiM uNa jaNassa jAanva candilaM taM Na kAmemo // ( dhvanyA0 u0 3, pR0 518; gA0 sa05, 17 ) acchA maiM kulTA hU~ aura tU hai pativratA ! tU mujhase dUra raha / kahIM nega zIla to dUSita nahIM ho gayA ? eka sAdhAraNa vezyA kI bhA~ti usa nAI para to merA dila nahIM calA gayA ? AlAo mA dijjau lobhaviruddhaMti NAma kAUNa / samuhApaDie ko verie vi dihiM Na pADhei // * (sa0 kaM05, 146 ) lokaviruddha samajhakara isake saMbaMdha meM carcA mata kro| sAmane Aye hue zatru Upara bhalA kauna najara nahIM DAlatA ? Aloanta disAo sasanta jambhanta ganta mujjhanta par3anta hasanta pahia kiM te roanta / pauttheNa // (sa0 kaM05, 266; gA0 sa06, 46 ) he pathika ! abhI se jaba terI yaha dazA hai ki tU idhara-udhara dekha rahA hai, maMga sA~sa calane lagI hai, tU jamhAI le rahA hai, kabhI tU gAtA hai, kabhI rotA hai, behoza ho jAtA hai, kabhI gira par3atA hai aura kabhI ha~sane lagatA hai, to phira pravAsa para jAne se kyA lAbha ? aaaraM ci Na hoi dukkhassa dAruNaM NigvahaNam / ore ! jiantIa mae dihaM sahiaM a tuha imaM avasANam // (saM0 ka05, 255 ) dukha kA dAruNa nirvAha antataH bhayaMkara nahIM hotA / he nAtha ! jIvita maiMne tumhAre isa anta ko dekhA aura sahana kiyA hai / ( sItA kI rAmacandra ke prati ukti ) /

Page #720
714 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AsAiyaM aNAeNa jettiyaM tetti cia vihINaM / oramasu vasaha ! iNhiM rakkhijai gahavaIcchittaM / (kAvyA0 pR054, 16) he baila! tUne binA jAne kheta ke kitane hI dhAna khA lie, tU ava Thahara jA, kyoMki gRhapati aba apane kheta kI rakhavAlI karane A gayA hai| (bhAvika alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) imiNA saraeNa sasI sasiNA vi NisA NisAi kumuavaNam / kumuavaNeNa a puliNaM puliNeNa a sohae haMsaulam // (sa0 ke04, 205) isa zarad se candramA, candramA se rAtri, rAtri se kumudavana, kumudavana se nadItaTa aura nadItaTa se haMsa zobhA ko prApta hote haiM / ( mAlA kA udAharaNa ) IsAkalusassa vi tuha muhassa naNu esa punnnnimaayNdo| ajja sarisattaNaM pAviUNa aMge cciya na mAi / / (kAvyAnu0 pR0 76, 145, dhvanyA0 u02 pR0 208) (he manasvini !) dekho pUno kA yaha cA~da IrSyA se kaluSita tumhAre mukha kI samAnatA pAkara phUlA nahIM smaataa| uahissa jaseNa jasaM dhIraM dhIreNa garuaAi vi garuam / rAmo Thiea vi ThiI bhaNai raveNa a ravaM smupphudnto| (sa0 kaM0 2, 240, setubaMdha 4, 43) (rAmacandra ) apane yaza se samudra ke yaza, apane dhairya se usake dhairya, apanI gambhIratA se usakI gambhIratA, apanI maryAdA se usakI maryAdA aura apanI dhvani se usakI dhvani ko AkrAnta karate hue kahane lge| ua NiJcalaNippandA bhisiNIpattammi rehai blaaaa| .. nimmalamaragaabhAaNaparihiA saMkhasutti vva // (sAhitya0 pR0 63; gA0 sa0 1, 4, kAvyaprakAza 2, 8) (are priyatama!) dekho kamaliniyoM ke pattoM para nizcala aura sthira baguloM kI paMkti aisI zobhita ho rahI hai mAno kisI nirmala nIlama ke pAtra meM zaMkha kI sIpI rakkhI ho / (dharmokti, vyaMgyokti aura svabhAvokti alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) uciNasu paDiyakusumaM mA dhuNa sehAliyaM haliyasuNhe / esa avasANaviraso sasureNa suo vlysho| (dhvanyA0 u02, pR0 223, kAvyAnu0 pR0 55,20) he halavAhe kI patohU ! bhUmi para svayaM gire hue pArijAta ke puSpoM ko cuna le, usakI TahaniyA~ mata hilA, kAraNa ki tere kaMkaNoM ke aprItikara zanda ko tere zvasura ne suna liyA hai|

Page #721
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 715 ujjhasi piAi samoM tahavi hu reNa bhaNasi kIsa kisiaNti| uvaribhareNa a aNNua! muai baillovi aMgAim // (saM0 kaM04, 130, gA0 sa03,75) priyA ke dvArA tU vahana kiyA jAtA hai aura phira bhI tU usI se pUchatA hai ki tU kRza kyoM ho gaI hai ! he nAdAna ! apane Upara bhAra lAdane se to baila bhI kRza ho jAtA hai / (sahokti alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) uhantamahArambhe thaNae daLUNa muddhbhuaae| osaNNakavolAe NIsasi paDhamaghariNIe // (sa0 kaM5387; gA0 sa04,82) mugdhA vadhU ke Arambha se hI uThAvadAra stanoM ko dekhakara sUkhe kapola vAlI pahalI patnI sAMsa mArane lgii|' uttaMsiUNa dohalaviasiAso aminduvdnnaae| virahiNo NipphalakaMkellikaraNasaddo samuppusio ||(s0 kaM0 5, 305) candramukhI ne apane pAda ke AghAta se azoka ko vikasita kara ke mAno brahmA ke phalavihIna azoka vRkSa ke sarjana ko hI nirarthaka kara diyA hai| udittarakaAbhoA jaha jaha thaNaA viNanti bAlANam / taha taha laddhAvAso bva mammaho hiaamaavisi|| (dhvanyA03, 4, pR0604) phaile hue kezoM ke vistAra se AcchAdita vAlikAoM ke stana jaise-jaise bar3hate haiM, vaise-vaise mAno avasara pAkara kAmadeva hRdaya meM praveza karatA hai| ukhuccho piai jalaM jaha jaha viralaMgulI ciraM phio| pAAvaliA vi taha taha dhAraM taNuaMpi taNuei / (sa0 ke0 3,73; gA0 sa02,61) jaise-jaise pathika apanI uMgaliyoM ko virala karake A~khoM ko Upara uThAkara (pAnI pilAne vAlI ko dekhane ke lie) bahuta dera taka pAnI pItA hai, vaise-vaise pyAU para baiThakara pAnI pilAne vAlI bhI pAnI kI dhAra ko kama-kama karatI jAtI hai / ( anyonya aura pratIyamAna alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) uppahajAyAe asohiNIe phlkusumpttrhiaae| borIe vaI dento pAmara ! ho ho hasijihasi // (kAvyAnu0 pR0 360, 547, dhvanyA0 u03, pR0 542) he pAmara ! kumArga ( adhama kula ) meM utpanna, azobhanIya (kurUpa) tathA phala, puSpa aura pattoM ( saMtAna ) se rahita aisI berI (strI) kI bAr3a lagAne ( strI ko apane ghara meM basAne ) vAle puruSa kA loga upahAsa kreNge| (aprastutaprazaMsA kA udAharaNa) 1. bAr3hatu to ura uraja bhara bhari tarunaI vikaas| bojhanu sautinu ke hiya Avati saighi usAsa // (bihArIsatasaI 449 )

Page #722
716 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ummUliANa khuDiA ukkhippaMtANa ujju osriaa| NijjatANa NirAA girINa maggeNa patthiA NaisottA // (sa0 ke 4, 173; setubaMdha 6,81) unmUlita hokara khaMDita, utkSipta hokara sarala bhAva se bahane vAle jora Ter3he mArga se le jAye jAkara dIrgha vane aise nadI ke pravAha pahAr3I rAstoM se bahate haiM / (saMbaMdhiparikara alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) urapelliavaikArillaAI uccesi daiabacchalie / kaNTaavilihiapINuNNaatthaNi uttammasu ettAhe / / (sa0kaM0484) he apane priyatama kI lAr3alI ! tU hI apane vakSasthala se bAr3a ko maIna kara karavellI ke phala tor3ane gaI thI jisase tere pIna aura unmatta stana kA~ToM se kSata ho gaye haiM, aba tU saMtApa ko prApta ho ( isameM dUsare kisI kA kyA doSa ?) ullAai se aMgaM Uru vevanti kUvalo gli|| Ucchucchulei hiaaMpiAame pupphavaiAi // (sa0 kaM05, 245) priya ke Ane para puSpavatI ( rajasvalA ) kA aMga svedayukta hone lagatA hai, jaMghA kaMpita hone lagatI hai, jaghana kA vastra galita ho jAtA hai aura hRdaya tharathara kA~pane lagatA hai| uvahai NavatiNaMkuraromaJcapasAhiAI aNgaaii| pAusalacchIe paoharehi paDivellio viNjho|| (sa0 ke 5, 14; gA0 sa06, 77) prAvRTa zobhA (varSA Rtu ) ke payodharoM ( stana athavA bAdala ) se pIr3ita vindhya parvata nUtana tRNAMkura rUpI romAMcoM se maMDita zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| (rUpaka alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) uvahai daiagahiAharohajhijantarosapaDirAam / pANosarantamairaM casa va NizaM muhaM bAlA / / (sa0 kaM5, 189; gauDa0 690) prItama ke dvArA adharoSTha grahaNa karane se jisake roSa kI lAlI phAphI par3a gaI hai aisI nAyikA kA mukha madirA se Arakta madirA-pAtra kI bhA~ti pratIta ho rahA hai| e ehi kiMpi kIevi kaeNa Nikiva ! bhaNAmi alamahavA / aviAriakajjAraMbhaAriNI marau Na bhaNissam // (kAvya0 pra0 10, 471) are niSThura ! jarA yahA~ to A, mujhe usake bAre meM tujhase kucha kahanA hai; athavA rahane de, kyA kahU~ ! binA vicAre manamAnA karane vAlI yadi vaha mara jAya to acchA hai, aba maiM kucha na kahU~gI / ( AkSepa alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) . e ehi dAva sundari ! kaNNaM dAUNa suNasu vANijjam / tujjha muheNa kisoari ! cando uamijjai jaNa // (kAvya pra0 10,554)

Page #723
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 717 he tundari ! jarA idhara A, kAna lagAkara apanI nindA suna / he kRzodari! loga aba tere mukha ke sAmacandranAkI upamA dene lage haiN| (pratIpa alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) ekatto ruai piyA aNNatto smrtuurnigghoso| neheNa raNaraseNa ya bhaDassa dolAiyaM hiaam // (kAvyAnu0 pR0 168, 187, dazarU0 4 pR0 212) eka ora priyA rudana kara rahI hai, dUsarI ora yuddha kI bherI kA ghopa sunAI de rahA hai, isa prakAra sneha aura yuddharasa ke bIca yoddhA kA hRdaya DolAyamAna ho rahA hai / ( rati aura utsAha nAmaka sthAyI bhAvoM kA citrg)| ekko vi kAlasAro Na dei gantuM paAhiNa vlnto| ki uNa bAhAuliaM loaNajualaM miacchIe / (sa0kaM05,244, gA0 sa01,25) dAhinI ora se bAIM ora ko jAtA huA hariNa pravAsa ke samaya apazakuna mAnA jAtA hai, phira bhalA azrupUrNa netravAlI mRgAkSI (priyatamA) ko dekhakara to aura bhI apazakuna mAnanA cAhiye / ( arthApatti alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) ekkaM paharuviNaM hatthaM muhamArueNa viianto| sovi hasantIe mae gahIo bIeNa kaNThammi / (sa0 ke0 pR0 171; gA0 sa01,86) mere prahAra se udvigna, (mere) eka hAtha meM apane mu~ha se phUMka mArate hue apane priyatama ko maiMne ha~sate-ha~sate dUsare hAtha se apane kaMTha se lagA liyaa| etto vi Na saccavio gose psrttpllvaarunncchaao| majaNataMbesu mao taha maataMbesu loaNesu amriso|| (sa0 ke03 pR0126, kAvyA0 pR0369, 572) prabhAtakAla meM jisake snAna ke pazcAt lalauheM netroM meM phailate hue pallavoM kA aruNa rAga rUpI mada, tathA mada se lalauheM netroM meM amarSa (krodha ) AtA huA bhI dikhAI nahIM diyaa| (yaha atizayokti kA udAharaNa hai| yahA~ netroM ke donoM prakAra ke aruNa rAga meM abhinnatA dikhAI hai)| edahamittatthaNiyA ehamittehiM acchivattehiM / eyAvatthaM pattA ettiyamittehiM diyahehiM // (kAvyA0 pR0 65, 52, sa0 kaM0 2, 82, kAvya02, 11) itane thor3e se hI dinoM meM yaha sundarI itane bar3e-bar3e stanoM vAlI aura itanI bar3I A~khoM vAlI ho gaI ! ( abhinaya alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) emea akaauNNA appattamaNorahA vivnjissN| jaNavAo viNa jAo teNa samaM haliautteNa // (sa0ke05, 141) usa halavAhe ke sAtha merI badanAmI bhI na huI, isa prakAra maiM abhAgI apanA manoratha pUrA na hone se vipada meM par3a gaI huuN|

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718 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa emea jaNo tissA dei kacolovamAi sasibimbam / paramatthaviAre uNa cando cando ciya vraao|| (kAvyAnu pR0 216, 342, dhvanyA0 u03, pR0 232) usa sundarI ke kapoloM kI upamA loga vyartha hI candramA se dete haiM, vAstava meM dekhA jAya to candramA vicArA candramA hai ( usake sAtha usakI upamA nahIM dI jA sktii)| esA kuDilaghaNeNa ciurakaDappeNa tuha NibaddhA veNI / maha sahi ! dArai daMsaha AasajaDibdha kAlauraivva hia / (sAhitya pR0 177) he merI sakhi ! kuTila aura ghane kezakalApa se vaddha tumhArI yaha vegI lohe kI yaSTi kI bhA~ti hRdaya meM ghAva karatI hai aura kAlasarpiNI kI bhA~ti Dasa letI hai| eso sasaharavimbo dIsai heaMgavINapiMDo bva / ede aassa mohA paDaMti AsAsu duddhadhAra va ||(saahity pR0560) yaha candramA kA prativimba ghRtapiNDa kI bhA~ti mAlUma hotA hai aura isakA dUdha kI dhAra ke samAna kiraNeM cAroM dizAoM meM phaila rahI haiN| ehii pio ti NimisaM va jaggiaMjAmiNIa paDhamaddhaM / sesaM saMtAvaparabbasAe parisaM va volINaM // (sa0 ke0 5, 401) priyatama AyegA, yaha socakara rAta ke pahale pahara meM eka kSaNa bhara ke liye maiM jAga gaI, usake bAda bAkI rAta saMtApa kI dazA meM eka varSa ke samAna biitii| ehii so vi pauttho aharaM kuppeja so vi aNuNejja / ia kassa vi phalai maNorahANaM mAlA piaamammi / (sa.kaM05,249; gA0sa01,17) pravAsa para gayA huA priyatama vApisa lauTegA, maiM kopa karake baiTha jAUMgI, phira vaha merI manuhAra karegA-manorathoM kI yaha abhilASA kisI bhAgyazAlinI kI hI pUrI hotI hai| oNNihaM dovvalaM ciMtA alasaMtaNaM saNIsasiam / maha maMdabhAiNIe ke sahi ! tuhavi ahaha paribhavai / / (kAvya0 pra0 3, 14 rasagaMgA 1, pR016) he sakhi ! kitane duHkha kI bAta hai ki mujha abhAgI ke kAraNa tujhe bhI aba nIMda nahIM AtI, tU durbala ho gaI hai, cintA se vyAkula hai, thakAvaTa kA anubhava karane lagI hai aura lambI sA~soM se kaSTa pA rahI hai| (yahA~ datI nAyikA ke premI ke sAtha rati-sukha kA upabhoga karane lagI hai, usI kI vyaMjanA hai)| (ArthI vyaMjanA kA udAharaNa) orattapaMkaamuhiM vammahaNaDiaM va salilasaaNaNisaNNam / alliai tIraNaliNiM vAAi gamei sahacariM cakkAo // (sa0 kaM05,357,

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 719 kamala ko mukha meM dhAraNa karake virakta huI ( tIranalinI ke pakSa meM rakta varNa vAlI ), kAmadeva ke dvArA nartita ( athavA idhara-udhara hilane vAlI ) aura jalarUpI zayana para sotI huI ( jala meM sthita ) aisI apanI sahacarI cakavI ke pAsa cakavA apane kUjana dvArA prApta hotA hai aura taTa kI kamalinI kA AliMgana karatA hai / ( tiryagAbhAsa kA udAharaNa ) ollollakaraara aNakkhaehiM tuha loaNesu maha diNNaM / rattaMsuaM paAo koveNa puNo imeNa akamiA || ( kAvya0 pra0 4. 70 ) he priyatama ! mere ina netroM meM krodha nahIM hai / yaha to tumhArI ( kisI suMdarI ke) dantakSata aura nakhakSata ke dvArA tumheM prasAda svarUpa diyA huA eka rakta aMzuka ( vastra ) hai / ( nAyaka ke prazna karane para ki tumhAre netroM meM krodha kyoM hai, uttara meM nAyikA kI yaha hai ) / ( uttara alaMkAra kA udAharaNa tags ullAha parivahaha saaNe kahiMpi / hiaeNa phiTTai lajjAi khuTTai dihIe sA // ( sAhitya0 pR0 498 ) vaha (koI virahiNI ) zayyA para kabhI nIce mu~ha karake leTa jAtI hai, kabhI Upara ko mu~ha kara letI hai aura kabhI idhara-udhara karavaTa badalatI hai / usake mana ko jarA bhI caina nahIM, lajjA se vaha kheda ko prApta hotI hai aura usakA dhIraja TUTane lagatA hai / osuai digNapaDivakkhaveaNaM pasiDhilehiM aMgehiM / NivvattiasuraarasANubandhasuhaNinbharaM sohA // (sa0 kaM0 5,64 ) surata samApta hone ke pazcAt jise atizaya sukha prApta huA hai, aura jisane apanI sautoM ke hRdaya meM vedanA utpanna kI hai, aisI zithila aMgoM vAlI putravadhu ( ArAma se ) zayana kara rahI hai| ' ( rasaprakarSa kA udAharaNa ) aMtontaM Dajjhai jAAsuNNe ghare halibhautto / ukkhattaNihANAI va ramiaTThANAiM pecchanto // (sa0 kaM 5, 2071 gA0 sa0 4, 73 ) halavA kA putra apanI priyatamA se zUnya ghara meM, jamIna khodakara le jAye gaye khajAne kI bhA~ti, (pUrvakAla meM ) ramaNa ke sthAnoM ko dekhakara mana hI mana jhura rahA hai| aMdolakkhaNodviAe diTThe tumammi muddhAe / AsaMdhijjai kAuM karapellaNaNiJcalA dolA // (sa0 kaM05, 301 ) 1. milAiye - ra~gI surata- ra~ga piya hiya~ lagI jagI saba rAti / paiMDa- paiMDa para ThaThuki ke aiMDa bharI aiMDAti // ( bihArI satasaI 183 )

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720 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jhUlA jhUlate samaya Upara car3hI huI mugdhA kI najara jaba tuma para par3I to vaha apane hAthoM se jhUle ko thAmane kA prayatna karane lgii|' kaalIgabbhasaricche Uru daLUNa haliasoNahAe / ullalai NaharaMjaNaM caMdilassa seulliakarassa // (sa0 ke0 5, 184) halavAhe kI putravadhU kI kadalI kI bhA~ti komala jaMghAeM dekhakara sveda se gIle hAtha vAle nAI ke dvArA nakhoM kA raMganA bhI gIlA ho gyaa| kaiA gao pio ajja putti ajeNa kai diNA honti / ekko eihamette bhaNie mohaM gaA baalaa|| (sa0 ke0, 5, 254, zRGgAraprakAza 23, 71) kisI nAyikA ne prazna kiyA ki priyatama kaba gayA hai ? uttara milA-Aja / nAyikA ne pUchA-Aja kitane dina ho gaye ? uttara-eka / yaha sunate hI nAyikA mUchita ho gii| kaDue dhUmaMdhAre abbhuttaNamaggiNo smppihii| muhakamalacumbaNalehalammi pAsaTie diare // (sa0 ke0 5,392) mukharUpI kamala ke cumbana ke abhilASI devara ke pAsa baiThane para, kaDue dhuMe se aMdherA ho jAne para ( Aga jalAne ke lie ) Aga meM phUMka mAranA bhI banda ho gyaa| (sAmAnya nAyikA kA udAharaNa) kaNailli cia jANai kuntapalattAi kiirsNlbirii| pUsaabhAsaM muMcasu Na hu re haM ghiTTavAADI // (sa0 kaM0 2, 68) zuka kA vArtAlApa zukI hI samajha sakatI hai, ataeva are ! tU zuka kI bhASA bolanA chor3a de, maiM dhRSTa zukI nahIM hU~ (koI viTa zuka kI bolI meM apanI priyA kA upahAsa kara rahA hai, usI ke uttara meM yaha ukti hai| yahA~ kunta, kIra aura pUma zabda zuka tathA kagaillI aura vAAr3I zabda zukI ke paryAyavAcI haiM ) / kaNDajjuA varAI sA aja tae kaAvarAheNa / alasAiaruNavibhiAiM diaheNa sikkhiviyA // (sa0 ke0 5, 202; gA0 sa04, 52) 1. milAiye-heri hiMDore gagana taiM, parI parI sI TUTi / dharI dhAya piya vIca hI karI kharI rasa luutti|| (bihArIsatasaI 705) 2. milAiye-naiMka utai uThi baiThiye kahA rahe gahi gehu / chuTI jAti naha~-dI chinaku mahadI sUkhana dehu / / ( vahI 374)

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 721 vaha vicArI sarakaMDe ke samAna sarala hai, dinabhara Alasya meM baiThI huI rotI hai aura jaMbhAI letI rahatI hai| aparAdhI tU hai aura daNDa use bhugatanA par3a rahA hai ! (anyAsakta nAyaka ke prati yaha ukti hai ) / ( saMcArIbhAvoM meM amarSa kA udAharaNa) katto sampaDai maha piasahi ! piasaMgamo paose vi| jaM jiajai gahiakaraNiarakhikhirI candacaNDAlo // (sa0 ke0 5, 151) he priya sakhi ! jaba taka ki yaha duSTa candramA apane hAtha meM khiMkharI ( eka prakAra kA vAdya ) liye jIvita hai, taba taka pradoSa ke samaya bhI priyatama ke sAtha milApa kaise ho sakatA hai ? kamalakarA raMbhorU kuvalaaNaaNA miaMkavaaNA saa| kahaM Nu NavacaMpaaMgI muNAlabAhU piA tavai // (sa0 ke0 4, 3) kamala ke samAna hAtha vAlo, kadalI ke samAna Uru vAlI, kuvalaya ke samAna netra vAlI, candramA ke samAna mukha vAlI, nava caMpaka kalI ke samAna aMga vAlI aura mRNAla ke samAna bAhubAlI priyA bhalA kyoM saMtApa sahana nahIM karatI ? (arthAt karatI hI hai) kamalAarA Na maliA haMsA uDDAviA Na a piucchA! keNa vi gAmataDAe abbhaM uttANoM bUDham // (dhvanyAloka u02 pR0 219; gA0 sa02,10) he buA jI ! gAMva ke isa tAlAba meM na to kamala hI khaMDita hue haiM, na haMsa hI ur3e haiM, jAna par3atA hai kisI ne AkAza ko khIMca-tAna kara phailA diyA hai| (tAlAba meM megha ke pratibiMba ko dekhakara kisI mugdhA nAyikA kI yaha ukti hai)| kamaleNa viasieNa saMjoentI virohiNaM sasibimbaM / karaalapallatthamuhI kiM cintasi sumuhi ! antraahiahiaaa|| (sAhitya, pR0 179) apane vikasita kamala ( karatala ) ke sAtha virodhI candrabiMba (mukha ) ko saMyukta karatI huI he sumukhi ! apane karatala para mukha ko rakhakara mana hI mana tU kyAH soca rahI hai ? karajuagahiajasoAtthaNamuhaviNivesiAharapuDassa / saMbhariapaMcajaNNassa Namaha kaNhassa romaJcaM // (kAvya0 pra0 10, 551) donoM hArthoM se pakar3akara yazodA ke stanoM para apane oThoM ko lagAye pAMcajanya zaMkha kA smaraNa karate hue kRSNa bhagavAn ke romAMca ko praNAma kro| (smaraNa alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ), 46 prA0 sA0

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722 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kariNIvehavvaaro maha putto ekkkaannddvinnivaaii| haasohvAe taha kaho jaha kaNDakaraNDaaM vahai // (dhvanyAloka 3, 4 pR0 605) kevala eka bANa se hathiniyoM ko vidhavA banA dene vAle mere putra ko usa abhAginI putravadhu ne aisA kamajora banA diyA hai ki aba vaha kevala vANoM kA tarakasa liye ghUmatA hai| karimari ! aAlagajirajaladAsaNipauNapaDirao eso| paiNo dhaNuravakaMkhiNi romaJcaM kiM muhA vahasi // (sa0 ke0 5, 25; gA0 sa0 1, 57) he baMdinI ! akAla meM garajane vAle megha se vajra ke girane kI yaha AvAz2a hai| apane pati ke dhanuSa kI TaMkAra sunane kI icchA rakhane vAlI tU vRthA hI kyoM pulakita hotI hai kalahoojalagoraM kalahoasiAsu saraarAIsu / cuMbati viasiaMccha viaddhajuvaImuhaM ghaNNA // (bhaMgAra 56, 15) cAMdI ke samAna svaccha zaradakAla kI rAtriyoM meM ujjvala, gauravarNa aura vikasita nayana vAlI aisI vidagdha yuvatiyoM ke mukha kA jo cuMbana karate haiM ve dhanya haiN| kallaM kira kharahiao pavasihii piotti subvai jaNammi / taha vaDDha bhaavai Nise ! jaha se kallaM cia Na hoi|| (bhaMgAra 20, 89) kala vaha nirdaya priyatama pravAsa para jAyegA, aisA sunA jAtA hai| he bhagavati rAtri ! tU bar3ha jA jisase kala kabhI ho hI nhiiN| kassa karo bahupuNNaphalekkataruNo tuhaM vismmihii| thaNapariNAhe mammahaNihANakalase vva paaroho|| (sa00 5, 385; gA0 sa0 6, 75) bahupUrNa phala vAle vRkSa ke navapallava kI bhA~ti na jAne kisakA hAtha (he kumArI !) kAmadeva ke nidhi-kalaza rUpI tumhAre vistRta stanoM para vizrAma ko prApta hogA? kassa vi na hoi roso daThUNa piAe savvaNaM ahrN| sabhamarapaumagyAiNi! vAriavAme ! sahasu iNDiM // (dhvanyA0 u01, pR0 23, kAvyA0, pR0 57, 25, sAhitya0, pR0 302) he sakhi ! apanI priyA ke oSTha ko kSata dekhakara kise ropa nahIM hotA ? isa lie bhauMre sameta phUla ko sUMghane vAlI aura manA karane para bhI na mAnane vAlI! aba tU apanI karatUta kA phala bhoga / (apahRti aura vyAjokti alaMkAra kA udAharaNa )

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 723 kaha kaha viraei paraM maggaM pulaei chejamAvisai / coravva kaI atthaM laDuM dukkheNa Nivvahai // (sa0 ke0 4, 189; vajAlaggaM 22) kavi kisI na kisI prakAra pada (cora ke pakSa meM paira ) kI racanA karatA hai, mArga ( kavizailI ) kA avalokana karatA hai, cheda (cheka alaMkAra athavA chidra ) meM praveza karatA hai, isa prakAra vaha cora kI bhA~ti mahAn kaSTapUrvaka artha ( cora ke pakSa meM dhana ) ko prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai / ( upamA alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) kaha Nu gaA kaha diTThA kiM bhaNiA kiM ca teNa paDivaNNaM / eaMcia Na samappai puNaruttaM jampamANIe // (sa0 ke05, 232) kaise vaha gaI, kaise usane dekhA, kyA kahA aura kyA strIkAra kiyA, isa bAta ko bArabAra kahate hue bhI vaha bAta samApta nahIM hotii| kahaM mA jhijau majjho imIa kndottttdlsricchehi| acchIhiM jo Na dIsai ghaNathaNabhararuddhapasarehiM // (sa0 kaM04, 155, 5,354) vizAla stanoM ke kAraNa jinakI gati avaruddha ho gaI hai aise kuvalayadala ke samAna netroM ke dvArA jo dikhAI nahIM detA, aisA isa nAyikA kA madhya bhAga kahIM kSINa na ho jAye ! kA khAai khuhio kUraM phellei NibbharaM rutto| suNa geNhai kaNThe hakkeDa a NattiaM thero|| (sa0 kaM0 1, 30; kAvyA0 pR0 215, 254) rUThA huA koI bhUkhA vRddha puruSa kaue ko khA letA hai, cAvala pheMka detA hai, kutte ko DarAtA hai aura apanI nAtina ko kaNTha se lagA letA hai| (saMkIrNa vAkyadoSa kA udAharaNa ) kAraNagahio vi mae mANo emea jaM smosrio| asthakkapphulliaMkolla tujjha taM matthae paDau // (sa0 ke0 5, 261) maiMne kisI kAraNa se mAna kiyA thA, lekina akasmAt hI azoka kI kalI dikhAI dI aura merA mAna naSTa ho gayA; he azoka kI kalI ! isakA doSa tere sira para hai| kArAviUNa kharaM gAmaulo majio a jimio a / NakkhattaMtihivAre joisi pacchiuM calio // (sa0 kaM0 1, 55, kAvyA0 pR0 264,379) grAmINa puruSa ne kSaurakarma ke bAda snAna aura bhojana kiyA, phira jyotiSI se nakSatra, tithi aura dina pUcha kara vaha cala diyA (usane kSaurakarma Adi ke pazcAt :tiyi ke saMbaMdha meM prazna kiyA, jaba ki honA cAhiye thA isase ulttaa)| (apakrama dopa kA udAharaNa)

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724 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kAlakkharadussikkhia bAlaa! re lagga majjha kaMThammi / doNha vi jaraaNivAso sama jai hoi tA hou // (sa0 kaM04, 112) . kAle akSara kI kuzikSA pAne vAle he nAdAna ! mere kaNTha kA AliGgana kr| phira yadi donoM ko sAtha-sAtha naraka meM bhI nivAsa karanA par3e to koI bAta nahIM (naraka bhI svarga kI bhA~ti ho jAyegA) (kisI nAyikA kI yaha ukti hai|) (aprastuta prazaMsA alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) kA visamA dinvagaI ki laddhaM jaM jaNo gunnggaahii| kiM sukkhaM sukalattaM kiM duggejjhaM khalo loo| (kAvyA, pR0 395, 650, sAhitya, pR0 815, kAvya pra0 10, 529) viSama vastu kauna sI hai ? bhAgya kI gati / durlabha vastu kaunasI hai ? guNagrAhaka vyakti / sukha kyA hai ? acchI strI / duHkha kyA hai ? duSTajanoM kI saMgati / (uttara, niyama aura parisaMkhyA alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) kivaNANaM dhaNaM NAANaM phaNamaNI kesarAI sIhANaM / kulavAliANaM thaNaA kutto chippanti amuANam // (kAvya0 pra0 10, 457) kRpaNoM kA dhana, sarpo ke phaNa meM lage hue ratna, siMhoM kI jaTA aura kulabAlikAoM ke stanoM ko jIte jI koI hAtha to lagA le ? (dIpaka alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) kiM kiM de paDihAsai sahIhiM ia pucchiAi muddhaai| paDhamullaadohaliNIa Navari daiaM gaA dichI // (sa0 ke0 5, 236; gA0 sa0 1,15) (garbhadhAraNa ke pazcAt ) prathama dohada vAlI koI mugdhA nAyikA apanI sakhiyoM se pUche jAne para ki tujhe kyA cIz2a acchI lagatI hai. kevala apane priyatama kI ora dekhane lgii| kiM gurujahaNaM aha thaNabharotti bhaaakralggtuliaae| vihiNo khuttaGgulimaggavinbhamaM vahai se tivalI // (sa0 ke0 5, 487) nAyikA kA jaghana bar3A hai athavA stanabhAra ? isakA nizcaya karatala ke agrabhAga se kiyA gyaa| usakI trivalI mAno brahmA dvArA uGgaliyoM ko dabAkara banAye hue mArga kA anukaraNa kara rahI hai / ( rasAlaMkAra saMkara kA udAharaNa ) kiM jampieNa dahamuha ! jampiasarisaM aNinvahantassa bharaM / ettia jampiasAraM NihaNaM agNe vi vajadhArAsu gaA // __ (sa0 ke0 4, 151) . he rAvaNa ! jyAdA bolane se kyA prayojana ? bolane ke samAna dRr3ha saMkalpa kA

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 725 nirvAha na karane vAle ko mAtra itanA hI kahanA hai ki aura bhI bahuta se yoddhA bajradhArA ke pravAha meM naSTa ho gaye haiM / kiM tassa pAvaraNaM kimaggiNA kiM va gabbhadharaeNa / jassa urammi Nisammaha umhAaMtatthaNI jAo // ( zrRMgAra 56, 17 ) garmaM cAdara yA agni kI use kyA jarUrata hai, garbhabhavana meM baiThane kI bhI use AvazyakatA nahIM jisake hRdaya meM USmastanavAlI nAyikA virAjamAna hai / kiM dharaNIe mibhako AAse mahiharo jale jalaNo / majjhahammi paoso dAvijjara dehi ANattim // ( dazarUpaka 1 pR0 51; ratnAvali 4, 8 ) AjJA do ki maiM pRthvI para candramA, AkAza meM parvata, jala meM agni aura madhyAhna meM saMdhyA lAkara dikhA dU~ / ( bhairavAnaMda kI ukti ) / kiM bhaNiosi Na bAlaa ! gAmaNidhUbhAi guruaNasamakkham / aNimisavaM kavalantaaANaNaNa aNaddha diTThehiM || (sa0 kaM05, 247; gA0 sa04, 70 > he nAdAna ! gAMva ke paTela kI putrI ne nimeSarahita mu~ha ko jarA ghumAkara, kaTAkSayukta nayanoM se gurujanoM ke sAmane kyA nahIM kaha diyA ? kutto laMbhai panthi ! sattharaaM ettha gAmaNigharammi / apahare pekkhiUNa jai vasasi tA vasasu // saba patniyoM kA mAna-skhalana samAna hone para haiN| hRdaya se prakaTa hone vAle sAra tathA prema ke prakaTa hotA hai / (sa0 kaM0 1,181 ) he pathika ! yahA~ gA~va ke paTela ke ghara meM tU ( sone ke liye ) bistarA kahA~ pAyegA ? hA~ yadi, unnata stanoM ko dekha kara yahA~ ThaharanA cAhatA hai to Thahara jA / ( saMdigdha vAkya guNa kA udAharaNa ) kulabAliAe pecchaha jovvaNalAyannavibbhamavilAsA / pavasaMti va pavasie enti vva pie gharamahaMte // ( kAvyA0 pR0 413, 692; dazarU0 2 pR0 96 ) kulIna mahilAoM ke yauvana, lAvaNya aura zRGgAra kI ceSTAoM ko dekho jo priya ke pravAsa para cale jAne para calI jAtI haiM aura usake lauTa Ane para lauTa AtI haiM / (svIyA nAyikA kA udAharaNa ) kuviA a sahAmA samevi bahuANa Navara mANakacalaNe / pAbhaDiahiaasAro pemmAsaMghasariso paaTTai maNNU // (sa0 kaM05, 263 ) kevala satyabhAmA hI kopa karatI AzvAsa kI bhA~ti usakA kopa

Page #732
726 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kuviAo vi pasaNNAo oraNNamuhIo vihsmaanniio| jaha gahiA taha hiaaM harati ucchinnamahilAo // (sa0 kaM0 5, 324, dhvanyA01 pR074) svaira vihAra karane vAlI mahilAyeM kupita hoM yA prasanna, rotI huI ho yA ha~satI huI, kisI bhI hAlata meM yuvakoM kA mana vaza meM kara letI haiM / (lakSaNA kA udAharaNa) kelIgottakkhalaNe varassa papphullai dihiM dehi / bahuvAsaavAsahare bahue bAholliyA ditttthii|| (sa0 kaM0 5, 172) krIr3A karate hue gotra-skhalana (kisI dUsarI nAyikA kA nAmolaMkha ) se vara ko AnandadAyI saMtoSa prApta hotA hai, jaba ki vadhU atyanta sugaMdhita vAsagRha meM azrupUrNa dRSTi se dekha rahI hai| kelI gottakkhalaNe vikuppae keavaM aANantI / duTa ! uasu parihAsaM jAA saJcaM via paruNNA // (dazarUpaka0 a04, pR0 265) he duSTa ! majAka to dekho, mAlUma hotA hai tumhArI patnI jaise sacamuca hI ro rahI hai| krIr3A ke samaya gotra-skhalana (kisI dUsarI nAyikA kA nAma lenA) ke chala ko na jAnatI huI vaha kopa kiye baiThI hai / (nAyaka ne nAyikA kA gotra-skhalana kiyA thA jise vaha samajha nahIM skii)| kesesu balAmoDia teNa asamarammi jaasirI ghiaa| jaha kaMdarAhi vihurA tassa daDhaM kaMThaammi sNtthviaa|| (kAvya0 4, 65) usane jaise hI yuddhabhUmi meM kezoM ko pakar3a kara jayazrI ko apanI ora khIMcA, vaise hI kandarAoM ne apane zatruoM (premiyoM ) ko jora se apane kaMTha se lagA liyA / ( apahnati, utprekSA kA udAharaNa) ko esotti paloDhuM siMvalivaliaMpiaMparikkhasai / haliasuaM muddhavahU seajalolleNa hattheNa // (sa0 kaM0 5, 302) yaha kauna ? ( yaha kahakara ) mugdhA vadhU seMmala ke per3a ke pIche chipe hue apane priya halavAhe ke putra ko, sveda se gIle apane hAtha se pakaDa kara baiThA letI hai| (semala ke per3a ke nIce khela ho rahA hai) kolA khaNanti motthaM giddhA khAanti muamNsaaim| uluA Nanti kAe kAA ulue vi vAanti // (sa0 kaM0 1, 64) sUara nAgaramothe ko khodate haiM, gIdha mRtaka kA mAMsa khAte haiM, ullU kauoM ko mArate haiM aura kaue ulluoM ko khAte haiN| - (yaha niralaMkAra-alaMkAra vihIna-kA udAharaNa hai)

Page #733
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 727 khaNapAhuNiA deara ! jAAe suhama kiMpi de bhnniaa| rUai paDoharavalahIgharammi aNuNijau barAI / / __ (kAvya0 pra04, 111, dhvanyA03 pR0 558; sAhitya04) he sundara devara ! jAo usa vicArI ko manA lo| vaha yahA~ jarA sI dera ke liye pAhunI banakara AI thI, kintu tumhArI bahU ke kucha kaha dene para ghara ke pichavADe chajje para baiThI huI vaha ro rahI hai| (dhvanisAMkarya kA udAharaNa) khaNamettaM pi Na phiTTai aNudiahaM diNNagaruasantAvA / pacchaNNapAvasaMkavva sAmalI majjha hiaAhi // (sa0 ke05, 140, gA0 sa02,83) pratidina atyadhika santApa denevAlI zyAmA pracchanna pApazaMkA kI bhA~ti kSaNa bhara ke liye bhI mere hRdaya se dUra nahIM hotii| khalavavahArA dIsaMti dAruNA jahavi tahavi dhIrANam / hiavaaassa bahumaA Na hu vavasAA vimujhaMti // (kAvya04,74) yadyapi duSTa logoM ke vyavahAra bahuta dukhadAyI hote haiM, phira bhI dhIra puruSoM ke kAyeM jo unake hRdayarUpI mitra dvArA bahuta sammAna se dekhe jAte haiM, kabhI nahIM rukate / ( atyanta tiraskRta vAcya nAmaka dhvanibheda kA udAharaNa) khAhi visaM pia muttaM Nijasu mArIa paDau de vajjam / dantakkhaNDiathaNaA khiviUNa sujhaM savai mAA // (sa0 ke0 1, 58) (stanapAna ke samaya ) apane zizu ke dA~toM se apane stana kATe jAne para 'tU jahara khA le, mUta pI le, tujhe mArI le jAe, tere Upara pahAr3a gira par3e'kahatI huI mA~ zizu ko eka ora paTaka kara zApa de rahI hai| (RrArtha kA udAharaNa) khiNNassa Thavei ure paiNo gimhaavrnnhrmiass| olaM galantauppaM NhANasuandhaM ciurabhAram // (sa0ke05,379, gA0sA03,99) koI nAyikA grISmaRtu kI dupahara meM ramaNa karane ke pazcAt thake hue pati ke vakSasthala para khAna se sugaMdhita, gIle aura phUla jhar3ate hue apane kezapAza phailA rahI hai| (saMpUrNa pragalbhA kA udAharaNa) gaaNaM ca mattamehaM dhArAluliajjuNAI a vnnaaii| nirahaMkAramiaMkA haranti nIlAo vi nnisaao| (dhvanyA0 u02 pRSTha 92) matavAle meghoM vAlA AkAza, vRSTidhArA ke kAraNa caMcala arjuna vRkSoM vAle vana, tathA nisteja candramA vAlI nIlI rAteM (cita ko) lubhA rahI hai| (tiraskRta vAcyadhvani kA vAkyagata udAharaNa )

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728 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gajjante khe mehA phullA NIvA paNacciyA moraa| ___NaTho candujoo vAsAratto halA patto // (sa0 ke0 3, 153) megha garaja rahe haiM, nIpa puSpa phUla gaye haiM, mora nAca rahe haiM, candramA kA prakAza dikhAI nahIM detA / he sakhi ! varSA Rtu A gaI hai| (sAmAnyatodRSTa kA udAharaNa ) gaja mahaccia uariM samvatthAmeNa lohahiaassa / jalahara ! laMbAlai mA re mArehi si vraaii| (zRMgAra 11, 19) he megha ! kaThora hRdaya vAle mere Upara hI apanI sArI zakti lagAkara barasa, laMbe kezavAlI usa bicArI ko kyoM mAre DAla rahA hai ? (vidhi alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) gamiA kadambavAmA diDaM mehaMdhaAriaM gannalN| sahio gajiasaho taha vi hu se Nasthi jIvie aasNgo|| (sa0 kaM04, 157, setubaMdha 1, 15) kadaMba ke puSpoM kA sparza karake vAyu bahatI haiM, AkAzamaMDala meM megha kA aMdhakAra chAyA huA hai, garjana kA zabda sunAI par3a rahA hai, phira bhI ( rAma ke) jIvana meM utsAha nhiiN| gammihisi tasya pAsaM mA jUrasu taruNi! caDDhau miaNko| duddhe duddhammiva candiAe ko pecchai muhaM te|| (sa0 kaM05, 403; gA0 sA07,7) he taruNi ! tU usake pAsa pahu~cegI, tU dukhI mata ho, z2arA candramA ko Upara pahu~ca jAne de / jaise dUdha meM dUdha mila jAne se usakA patA nahIM lagatA, vaise hI cA~danI meM tere mu~ha ko kauna dekha sakegA?' (sAmAnya alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) gahavaisueNa sama saJcaM aliaM va kiM viAreNa / dhaNNAi haliakumAriAi jaNammi jnnvaao|| "(sa0 ke05, 259) usa bhAgyazAlI halavAhe kI kanyA kA gRhapati ke putra ke sAtha lokApavAda phaila gayA hai| aba yaha apavAda saccA hai yA jhUThA, yaha socane se kyA lAbha ? gADhAliMgaNarahasujjuammi daie lahuM smosri| mANaMsiNINa mANo pIlaNabhIava hiaaahiN|| (dhvanyA02 pR0 186) he sakhi ! usa manasvinI ke mAna ke viSaya meM kyA kahUM ? vaha to priyatama ke vegapUrvaka gAr3ha AliMgana ke liye udyata hote hI ( donoM ke bIca meM ) daba jAne se zIghra hI bhAga khar3A huA! (utprekSA kA udAharaNa) 1. milAiye-juvati jonhameM mili gaI naika na hoti lakhAya / soMdhe ke Dorani lagI alI calI saMga jaay| (bihArI satasaI 228)

Page #735
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 729 gAmataruNIo hiaM haranti por3hANa thnnhriliio| maaNUsaammi kosumbharaMjiakaJcuAharaNamettAo // (sa0 ke05, 303; gA0 sa0 6, 45) madana utsava ke avasara para puSTa stanavAlI aura kevala kusuMbI raMga kI kaMcukI pahanane vAlI gA~va kI taruNiyA~ vidagdhajanoM kA mana haraNa karatI haiN| gAmAruhammi gAme vasAmi arahiI Na jANAmi / NAariANaM paiNo haremi jA homi sA homi // (kAvya0 pra04, 101) he nAgari ! maiM gA~va meM hI janmI hU~, gA~va kI hI rahane vAlI hU~, nagara kI sthiti ko maiM nahIM jaantii| maiM kucha bhI hoU~ lekina itanA batAye detI hU~ ki nAgarikAoM ke prANapriya patiyoM ko maiM hara letI huuN| gimhe davaggimasimailiAI dIsanti vijjhsihraaii| Asasu pautthavaie ! Na honti NavapAusabbhAI // (sa0 kaM0 4, 80, 5, 404, gA0 sa0 1,70) grISmakAla meM vindhya parvata ke zikhara dAvAnala se malina dikhAI dete haiM, varSAkAla ke nUtana megha ve kadApi nahIM haiM, ataeva he proSitabhartRke ! tU dhIraja rakha / . (apahRti alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) gimhaM gamei kaha kaha vi virahasihitApiApi phiavhuu|| aviralapaDataNibharavAhajalollovarilleNa // (zRMgAra 59, 29) viraha-agni se saMtapta pathikavadhU niraMtara girate hue atizaya vASpajala se Ardra uttarIya vastra pahana kara kisI taraha grISmaRtu bitAtI hai| guruyaNaparavasappiya ! kiM bhaNAmi tuha mandabhAiNI ahayaM / aja pavAsaM vaJcasi vacca sayaM cveva suNasi karaNijaM // (kAvyA0 pR0 61, 34, kAvya0pra0 3, 21) he gurujanoM ke AdhIna priyatama ! tumase kyA kahU~, maiM bar3I abhAgina huuN| tuma Aja pravAsa para jA rahe ho, jAo; tuma svayaM suna lenA ki tumhAre cale jAne para merA kyA huA / ( kAlAdhiSThita artha vyaMjanA kA udAharaNa) geNhanti piaamA piaamANa vaaNAhi visladdhaaii| hiaAI vi kusumaauhbaannkaannearndhaaiN|| (sa0 kaM0 5,312) priyatamAyeM apane priyatamoM ke mukha se kAmadeva ke vAga dvArA bIMdhe hue hRdayoM kI bhA~ti abhinava kamalanAla ke aMkura grahaNa kara rahI haiN| (pakSimithuna kI krIr3A kA varNana hai)| geNhai kaMThammi balA cuMbai NasaNAi harai me sia| paDhamasuraammi raaNI parassa emea bolei // (zRMgAra 6, 20)

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730 / prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vaha kaMTha ko pakar3atA hai nayanoM kA jora se cumbana letA hai, basna kA apaharaNa kara letA hai-isa prakAra prathama nurata meM rajanI apane Apa hI bAta jAtA hai| geNhaha paloeha imaM viasiavaaNA piassa appei / gharaNI suassa paDhamubbhiNNadantajualaMki boraM // (sa0kaM03, 138, gA0sa02, 100) yad lo aura dekho, yaha kaha kara ha~samukha nAyikA apane bAlaka ke naye-naye dAMtoM dvArA cihnita bera ko apane pati ko detI hai (isameM prasava ke pazcAt saMbhogasukha kI yogyatA kA sUcana hotA hai)| (bhAvaalaMkAra kA udAharaNa) gottakkhalaNaM soUNa piaame aja mAmi chnndiahe| vajjhamahisassa mAla vva maNDaNaM uaha pddihaai|| (sa0 kaM05,142 gA0sa05,96) Aja utsava ke dina apane priyatama ke mukha se apane nAma kI jagaha kisI dUsarI nAyikA kA nAma sunakara, dekho, usake AbhUSaNa, vadha ko le jAye jAte hue bhaiMse kI mAlA ke samAna, pratIta hone lge| golAtaTaTTi pecchiUNa gahavaisuaM hliasonnhaa| * ADhattA uttariDaM dukkhuttArAi paavIe // (sa0 ke0 3, 141, gA0 sa0 2,7) godAvarI nadI ke taTa para gRhapatiputra ko dekha kara halavAhe kI patohU kaThina mArga se jAne ke lie udyata ho gii| (isa AzA se ki apane hAtha kA avalaMbana dekara vaha use rokegA) golAvisamoAracchaleNa appA urammi se mukko / aNuampANiddosaM teNa vi sA gAr3hamuaUDhA // (sa0 kaM0 3, 74, 5, 225; gA0 sa0 2,93) godAvarI kA yaha utAra viSama hai, isa bahAne se nAyikA ne apane zarIra kA bhAra nAyaka ke vakSasthala para rakha diyA; nAyaka ne bhI anukampA ke bahAne usakA gAr3ha AliMgana kiyA / ( anyonya alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) ghaDiurusaMpuDaM NavavahUe jahaNaM varo puloei / saMdaraNavakavADaM dAraM piva sggnnarss|| (zRMgAra 4,7) vara navavadhU ke urudvaya se saMpuTa jaghana kA avalokana kara rahA hai, mAno banda kiyA huA svarganagara kA dvAra ho| ghariNIe mahANasakammalaggamasimailieNa hattheNa / chittaM muhaM hasijjai candAvatthaM garbha paiNA // (sa0 kaM04, 6% 35,382, gA0 sa01,13) rasoI ke kAma meM lagI huI kisI nAyikA ne apane maile hAtha apane muMha para lagA lie jisase candrAvasthA ko prApta apanI priyA ko dekha kara usakA priyatama

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 731 ha~sane lgaa|' (nidarzanA, vikRta prapaJcokti aura saMkara alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) ghariNighaNatthaNapellaNasuhellipaDiassa honti phiass| avasaugaMgAraavAravihidiasA suhAventi // (sa0 ke0 5, 62, gA0 sa0 3, 61) gRhiNI ke ghana stanoM ke pIr3ana kI sukhakrIr3A se yukta pravAsa karane ke liye prastuta pathika ko apazakunarUpa maMgalavAra aura zuklapakSa ke dvitIyA, saptamI aura dvAdazI ke dina sukha pradAna karate haiM / ( rUpa dvArA rasaniSpatti kA udAharaNa ) ghettaM muccai ahare aNNatto valai pekkhiDaM ditttthii| ghaDiduM vihaDanti bhuA raammi suraAa viisaamo|| (alaMkArasarvasva, pR0 165) ( nAyikA ke ) adhara kA pAna kara use chor3a diyA jAtA hai, jaba ki (nAyikA) apanI dRSTi ko dUsarI ora phera letI hai, bhujAe~ AliMgana se vighaTita ho jAtI haiM-isa prakAra surata meM vizrAma prApta hotA hai / cattaraghAriNI piaMdasaNA a bAlA pautthavaiA a| asaI saajijhaA duggaAa Na hu khaNDiaM siilN|| (sa0 ke05, 437, gA0 sa0 1,36) caurAhe para rahane vAlI suMdarI taruNI proSitabhartRkA kA zIla kulaTA ke par3osa meM rahane aura atyaMta daridra hone para bhI khaMDita nahIM hotA ! (vizeSokti, samuccaya alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) citte vihadi Na TuTTadi sA guNesuM sejAsu loTTadi visaTTadi dimmuhesuN| bolammi vaTTadi pupavaTTadi kavvabaMdhe jhANe Na Tudi ciraM taruNI taraTTI // (kAvya pra08,343; kapUra maM02, 4) - jitanI hI guNoM meM ( vaha karpUramaMjarI ) pUrNa hai, utanI hI citra meM bhI dikhAI de rahI hai / kabhI vaha ( merI ) zayyA para loTatI huI jAna par3atI hai, kabhI cAroM dizAoM meM vahI-vahI dikhAI detI hai| kabhI vaha merI vANI meM A jAtI hai aura kabhI kAvyaprabaMdha meM dikhAI dene lagatI hai| vaha cirataruNI pragalbhA kabhI bhI mere mana se nahIM htttii| camaDhiyamANasakaJcaNapaMkayanimmahiyaparimalA jss| akkhuDiyadANapasarA bAhupphaliha cciya gayandA // (kAvyA0 pR079, 150) usake hAthI, mAnasarovara ke suvarNakamaloM ke mardita hone se (kamaloM kI) sugaMdha ko mathane vAle, aura akhaMDita rUpa se dAna (hAthI ke pakSa meM madajala ) dene vAle aise bhujAdaMDa kI bhA~ti dikhAI dete haiM / ( rUpaka kA udAharaNa ) 1. piya tiya so ha~sikai kahyau lakhyau DiThonA diin|| candramukhI mukhacandra soM bhalo candrasama kIna // (bihArIsatasaI 491)

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732 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa cUyaMkurAvayaMsaM chnnpsrmhgghmnnhrsuraamoaN| avaNAmiyaM pi gahithaM kusumasareNa mahumAsalacchIe muhaM // (kAnyA0 pR0 79, 74, dhanyA0 u0 3, pR0 239) AmramaMjarI ke karNa-AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta aura vasantotsava ke mahAsamAroha ke kAraNa suMdara tathA sugaMdhi se pUrNa aise vasantalakSmI ke binA jhukAe hue mukha ko kAmadeva ne z2abardastI pakar3a liyaa| ( arthazakti-udbhava dhvani kA udAharaNa) caMdaNadhUsara AulialoaNaaM haasprmmuhaNnniisaaskilaalianN| dummaNadummaNa saMkAmiamaNDaNa mANiNi! ANaNaaMkiM tujjha krddiaaN|| (sa0 ke0 2, 394) candana ke samAna dhUsarita, vyAkula locanoM se yukta, hAsyavihIna, nizvAsa se khedakhinna, duSTa citta vAloM ke liye dukharUpa tathA zobhAvihIna aisA tumhArA yaha mukhar3A he mAnini ! tumhAre hAtha para kyoM rakkhA hai ? (dRzya kAvya meM hallIsaka kA udAharaNa) caMdamaUhehiM nisA NaliNI kamalehiM kusumagucchehiM lyaa| haMsehiM sarayasohA kavakahA sajaNehiM kIraI garuI // (kAvyA0 355, 551) jaise rAtri candramA kI kiraNoM se, kamalinI kamaloM se, latA puSpoM ke gucchoM se aura zarada haMsoM se zobhita hotI hai, vaise hI kAvyakathA sajjanoM ke sAtha acchI lagatI hai| (dIpaka alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) caMdasarisaM muhaM se amaasariccho a muharaso tissaa| sakaaggaharahasujala cuMbaNaaM kassa sarisaM se // (sa0kaM04, 25, 144, gA0 sa03, 13) usakA mukha candramA ke samAna hai aura mukha kA rasa amRta ke samAna, phira batAo, usake kezoM ko pakar3a kara jhaTa se usakA cuMbana lenA kisake samAna hogA? (upamAna luptopamA aura saMkara alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) ciMtANiadaiasamAgamammi kidamaNNuAI sariUNa / sugaM kalahAantI sahIhi ruNNA Na ohasiyA / (sa0ke05,35, gA0 sa01,60) dhyAna meM baiThe-baiThe priyatama kA samAgama hone para kopa ke kAraNoM ko smaraNa karake vyartha hI kalaha karatI huI nAyikA ko dekhakara usakI sakhiyA~ na ro sakIM aura na ha~sa skiiN| cuMbijai saahuttaM avarundhijai sahassahuttammi / viramia puNo ramijai pio jaNo Nasthi punaruttam // (dhvanyA u01 pR074) ( rasika nAyaka ) nAyikA ko saikar3oM bAra cUmatA hai, hajAroM bAra AliMgana

Page #739
734 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kyoM khar3A hai ? tere sparza ke liye khujalAne vAle mere hAthoM ne daur3akara tujhe chU liyA hai ( maiMne nahIM chuaa)| jai deareNa bhaNiA khaggaM ghettUNa rAulaM vacca / taM kiM sevaabahue hasiUNa valoiaM saaNaM // (sa0 kaM0 2, 370) jaba devara ne usase kahA ki tU khaDga lekara rAjakula meM jA to yaha sunakara sevaka kI vadhU ha~sa kara zayana kI ora dekhane lgii| ___ ( abhiprAya gUDha kA udAharaNa ) jai so Na vallaha cia NAmaggahaNeNa tassa sahi ! kiis| hoi muhaM te raviaraphaMsavisarTsa vva tAmarasam // (sa0 ke0 5, 230; gA0 sa0 4,43) . yadi vaha tumhArA priya nahIM to jaise sUrya kI kiraNoM ke sparza se phamala vikasita hotA hai, vaise hI he sakhi ! usakA nAma bhara lene se tumhArA mukha kyoM khila uThatA hai ?' jai hosi Na tassa piA aNudiaiM NIsahehiM aMgehiM / NavasUapoapeUsamattapADi ma kiM suvasi // (sa0 kaM0 5, 327, gA0 sa0 1,65) . yadi tU usakI priyA nahIM to pratidina (surata ke parizrama se ) thaka kara khIsa pIkara soI huI navaprasUta mahiSA kI bhA~ti masta hokara kyoM sotI hai ? jattha Na ujAgarao jattha Na IsA visUraNaM mANam / sabbhAvacATuaM jattha Nasthi ho tahiM Natyi // (sa0 kaM0 5, 262) jahA~ ujAgaratA nahIM, IrSyA nahIM, roSa nahIM, mAna nahIM aura sadbhAvapUrNa cATukAritA nahIM, vahA~ kabhI sneha nahIM ho sktaa| jassa jahiM cia paDamaM tissA aMgaMbhi Niva DiA ditttthii| tassa tahiM ceya ThiA savaMgaM teNa vi Na dilu // (zRMgAra 32, 156) usake aMga para jahA~ jisa jagaha pahale dRSTi paDI vaha usI jagaha raha gaI, isase usake sAre aMga kA darzana hI na ho skaa| jassa raNaMteurae kare kuNaMtassa maMDalaggalayaM / rasasaMmuhI vi sahasA parammuhI hoi riuseNA // (kAvyA0 pR0 352, 538; sAhitya, pR0 757; kAvyapra0 10, 422) raNarUpI aMtaH pura meM khaDgalatA (priyA) kA pANigrahaNa karane vAle usa 1. milAiye-nAma sunata hI hai gayo tana aura mana aura / dabai nahIM cita car3hi rahyau kahA car3hAye tyaura // (bihArIsatasaI)

Page #740
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 735 (rAjA) kI zatrusenA ( pratinAyikA ), rasa ( vIrarasa ) meM pagI hone para bhI sahasA parAMmukha ho gii| ( rUpaka kA udAharaNa ) jasse vaNo tassea veaNA bhaNai taM jaNo aliam / daMtakkhaaM kavole vahue veaNA savanttINam // ( kAvya0 pra0 10 533 ) logoM kA yaha kathana jhUTha hai ki jise coTa lagatI hai pIr3A usI ko hotI hai / kyoMki daMtakSata to vadhU ke kapola para dikhAI de rahA hai aura pIr3A ho rahI hai usakI sautoM ko / (asaMgati alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) jaha gahiro jaha raaNaNibbharo jaha a NimmalacchAo / taha kiM vihiNA eso sarasapANIo jalaNihI Na kio // ( kAvya0 pra0 10, 573 ) vidhAtA ne jaisA yaha samudra gaharA, ranoM se pUrNa tathA svaccha aura nirmala banAyA hai, vaisA hI mIThe pAnI vAlA kyoM nahIM banAyA ? ( saMkara kA udAharaNa ) jaha jaha jarApariNao hoi paI duggao virUo vi / kulavAliAIM taha taha ahiaaraM vallaho hoi // ( sa0 kaM0 5, 329; gA0 sa03, 93 ) daridra aura kurUpa pati jaise-jaise vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise kulIna patniyoM kA vaha adhika priya hotA hai / jaha jaha NisA samappai taha taha vevirataraMgapaDimA paDiaM / kiMkAanvavimUDhaM vevai hiaaM vva uahiNo sasibiMbaM // (sa0 kaM0 4, 182; setubaMdha 5, 10 ) jaise-jaise rAta bItatI hai, vaise-vaise kaMpita taraMgoM meM pratibiMbita candrabiMba, samudra ke hRdaya kI bhA~ti kiMkartavyavimUr3ha hokara mAnoM kAMpane lagatA hai / ( parikara alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) jara hAuM oi ubbhantamulhAsiamaMsuaddhantam / taha ya hAsi tumaM sacche golAnaItUhe // (sa0 kaM0 1, 166 ) svaccha godAvarI nadI ke kinAre snAna karane ke liye avatIrNaM tumhAre gIle hue vastra kA ardhabhAga jaba ubhraSTa ho jAyegA tabhI samajhA jAyegA ki tumane snAna kiyA hai / jAi vaaNA ahme vijappimo jAi jappai jaNo vi / tAi cia teNa paappiAi hiaaM suhAveMti // (zRMgAra 29, 140 ) jo vacana hama bolate haiM aura jinheM saba bolate haiM, ve hI yadi usake dvArA bole jAyeM to hRdaya ko sukha dete haiM /

Page #741
736 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jAo so vi vilakkho mae vi hasiUNa gAr3hamuvagUDho / par3hamovasariassa NisaNassa gaMThiM vimagganto // (sa-kaM05, 170% gA0sa04,51) (saMbhoga ke samaya ) pahale hI khulI huI nAr3e kI gAMTha ko TaTolatA huA vaha lajjita ho gayA, yaha dekha, ha~sa kara maiMne use AliMganapAza meM bA~dha liyaa| (AkSepa alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) jAejja vaNuhese khujo ccia pAyavo jhddiaptto| mA mANusammi loe cAI rasio dariho a|| (kAvyA0 pR0 78, 149; dhvanyA0 u02 pR0 204, gA0 sa03,30) kisI jaMgala meM pattoM ke binA koI baunA vRkSa hokara maiM janma lU~ to yaha ___ acchA hai, lekina manuSyaloka meM dAnazIla aura rasika ho kara, daridra bana kara .. janma lenA maiM nahIM caahtaa| (vidhyAbhAsa aura vyatireka alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) jANai jANAveuM annunnavihuriiamaannprisesN| raivikamammi viNAvalambaNaM sa cia kunnntii|| (sa0ke05,389; gA0sa01,88) manuhAra dvArA ( apane priyatama ke ) samasta mAna ko dravita karake ekAnta meM (suratakrIr3A ke samaya ) vinaya vyakta karanA kevala vahI jAnatI hai| ( anya yuvatiyA~ nhiiN)| (udAttA nAyikA kA udAharaNa) jANai ! siNehabhaNi mAraaNiaritti me juucchasu vaaNam / ujjANammi vaNammi ajaM surahiM taM laANa gheppai kusumaM // (sa0 ke05, 417, setubaMdha 11, 119) he jAnaki ! mujhe rAkSasI samajha kara snehapUrvaka kahe hue mere vacanoM ke prati jugupsA mata kro| udyAna athavA vana meM latAoM ke sugaMdhita puSpa hI grahaNa kiye jAte haiM ( anya vastue~ nhiiN)| jA theraM va hasantI kivNannNburuhbddhvinnivesaa| dAvei bhuaNamaMDalamaNNaM via jaai sA vaannii|| (kAvya pra04,67) kaviyoM ke mukhakamala para virAjamAna sarasvatI mAno bUr3he brahmA kA upahAsa kara rahI hai| kisI vilakSaNa bhuvanamaMDala kA mAno vaha pradarzana kara rahI hai / usakI vijaya ho| (vyatireka dhvani kA udAharaNa) jo jassahiaadaio dukkhaM dento vi so suhaM dei / daiaNahadUmiANaM vi caDDhIi sthaNaANaM romnyco|| (sa0 kaM0.4, 161) . jo jisake hRdaya ko priya hai vaha use dukha detA huA bhI sukha hI detA hai| pati ke nakhakSata se kleza ko prApta stanoM meM romAMca hI paidA hotA hai| (arthAtaranyAsa alaMkAra kA udAharaNa)

Page #742
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI . 737 / joNhAi mahuraseNa a viiNNatAruNNaussuamaNA sA / buDDhA vi NavoNavvia paravahuA ahaha harai tuha hiaam // (kAvya pra04, 92) tumheM to koI parakIyA 'cAhiye cAhe vaha vRddhA hI kyoM na ho, jo jyotsnA tathA madirA ke rasa se apanA tAruNya arpita kara utkaMThita ho uThI ho; navavadhU ke samAna vahI tumhAre hRdaya ko Ananda degii| (arthazakti-udbhava dhvani kA udAharaNa ) jo tIeN ahararAo rattiM ubvAsio piaameNa / so ciJa dIsai gose savattiNaaNesu sNknto|| (sa0 ke0 3, 79; gA0 sa02, 6, kAvyA0 pR0 389, 631) priyatamA ke oThoM meM jo lAla raMga lagA thA vaha priyatama ke dvArA rAtri ke samaya poMcha DAlA gayA; jAna par3atA hai prAtaH kAla meM vahI raMga sautoM ke netroM meM pratibiMbita ho rahA hai| (parivRtti aura paryAya alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) jaM kiMpi pecchamANaM bhaNamANaM re jahA tahaJceva / / NijjhAa NehamuddhaM vaassa! muddhaM Niaccheha // (dazarUpaka pra0 2, pR0 120) he mitra ! cAhe tuma snehamugdha bholI nAyikA ko dRSTipAta karatI huI dekho yA bolatI huI ko, bAta eka hI hai| (hAva kA udAharaNa ) jaM jassa hoi sAraM taM so deitti kimattha acche / aNahottaM pi hu diNaM tai dohaggaM savattINam // . (sa0ke0 3, 180) isameM kaunasA Azcarya hai ki jo jisake yogya hotA hai vaha use diyA jAtA hai, lekina Azcarya hai ki usane anahone durbhAgya ko apanI sautoM ko de diyA ! ( atyantAbhAva kA udAharaNa) jaM jaM karesi jaM jaMca jaMpase jaha tumaM niyaMsesi / taM tamaNusikkhirIe dIho diaho na saMpaDai // (kAcyA0 pR0 425, 723, sa0 kaM0 5, 152; gA0 sa04,78) / jaise-jaise ta karatA hai, bolatA hai aura dekhatA hai, vaise-vaise maiM bhI usakA anukaraNa karatI hU~, lekina dina bar3A hai aura vaha samApta hone meM nahIM aataa| (dUtI kI nAyaka ke prati ukti) jaMjaM so NijjhAai aMgoAsaM mahaM aNimisaccho / pacchAemi a taM taM icchAmi a teNa dIsaMtaM // (zRMgAra03, 4; gA0 sa01,73), mere jisa-jisa aMga ko nirnimeSa nayana se vaha dhyAna pUrvaka dekhatA hai usakA maiM pracchAdana kara letI hU~; cAhatI hU~ vaha dekhatA hI rhe| 47 prA0sA0

Page #743
738 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jaM parihari tIrai maNaaM pi Na sundarattaNaguNeNa / aha NavaraM jassa doso paDipakkhehiM pi paDivaNNo // (kAvya0 pra07, 216 / yaha gAthA Anandavardhana ke viSamabANalIlA kI kahI gaI hai) (kAmavilAsa aisI vastu hai ki ) isakI suMdaratA ke kAraNa isase dUra rahanA kabhI saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki virodhI bhI isake doSoM kA hI bakhAna karate haiM, isakA parihAra ve bhI nahIM kara skte| ja bhaNaha taM sahIo ! Ama karehAmi taMtahA savvaM / . jai tarai raMbhiDaM me dhIraM samuhAgae tammi // (kAvyA0 pR0 396, 657) he sakhiyo ! jo-jo tuma kahogI maiM saba kucha karUMgI, bazarte ki usake sAmane Ane para maiM apane Apako vaza meM rakha skuuN| (anumAna alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) jaM mucchiA Na a suo kalambagandheNa taM guNe pddi| iaraha gajiasaddo jIeNa viNA na bolinto|| (sa0 ke05, 344) kadaMba kI sugaMdhi pAkara vaha mUcchita ho gaI aura mUrchA ke kAraNa vaha megha kI garjanA na suna sakI / yaha acchA hI huA, nahIM to garjanA suna kara usake prANoM kA hI aMta ho jAtA (kadaMba kI mAdaka sugaMdha doSa mAnA jAtA hai, lekina yahA~ vaha guNa siddha huA hai)| (mUrchA kA udAharaNa) DhaMgulliMtu marIha si kaMTayakaliAI keaivnnaaii| mAlaikusumeNa samaM bhamara ! bhamaMto na pAvihisi // (kAvyA0 pR0 243, 505; dhvanyA0 pR0 213; kAvya0 pra0 10, 407). he bhramara ! kA~ToM vAle ketakI ke bana meM bhaTakate-phirate tuma bhale hI mara jAo, lekina mAlatI kA-sA puSpa tumheM kahIM na milegA / (upamA alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) NaaNabbhantaragholantabAhabharamantharAi dittttiie| puNaruttapechirIe vAlaa! kiM jaMNa bhaNio si // (sa0 ke05,149; gA0 sa04,71) nayanoM ke azrubhAra se jar3a huI dRSTi se he nAdAna ! bAra-bAra vilokana karane vAlI usa nAyikA ne aisI kauna-sI bAta hai jo na kaha dI ho| (saMcAribhAvoM meM azru kA udAharaNa) Na a tANa ghaDai ohI Na te dIsanti kaha vi punnruttaa| je vibbhamA piANaM atthA va sukaivANINam // (dhvanyA04, pR0 635) priyatamoM ke hAva-bhAva aura sukaviyoM kI vANI ke artha kI na koI sImA hai aura na ve punarukta jaise dikhAI dete haiM /

Page #744
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 739 Na uNa varakodaNDadaNDae putti! mANusevi eme / / guNavajieNa jAai vaMsuppaNNe vi ttNkaaro|| (sa0 ke03,89) he putri ! yaha ukti kevala zreSTha dhanuSa ke saMbaMdha meM hI nahIM, balki manuSya ke saMbaMdha meM bhI ThIka hai ki suvaMza (bAMsa, vaMza) meM utpanna hone para bhI guNoM (rassI, guNa.) ke binA TaMkAra kA zabda nahIM hotaa| (nidarzana alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) Naccihii NaDo pecchihiha jaNavao bhoio naayo| so vi dUsihii jai raMgavihaDaNaarI gahavaidhUA Na vaJcihii // (sa0ke05,319) naTa nRtya karegA, loga use dekheMge, nAyaka bhogI hai| lekina yadi gRhapati kI putrI vahA~ na jAyegI to vaha nAyaka dUSita hogA aura raMga meM bhaMga par3a jaayegaa| Namaha avaDiatuMgaM avisAriavitthaaM aNoNaabhaM ghirN| . appalahuaparisaNhaM aNNAaparamatthapAaDaM 'mahumahaNaM // (sa.kaM03, 16setu 1,1) jisakI U~cAI AkAzavyApI hai, madhya meM vistAra bahuta phailA huA hai aura gaharAI adholoka meM bahuta dUra taka calI gaI hai tathA jo mahAn hai, sUkSma hai aura jo paramArtha se ajJAta hokara bhI ( ghaTa, paTa Adi rUpa meM ) prakaTa hai, aise madhumathana (viSNu) ko namaskAra kro| (vibhAvanA alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) Namaha hara rosANalaNiddaddhamuddhamammahasarIram / vitthaaNiambaNiggaagaMgAsottaM va himavaMtam // (sa0601, 62) jisane apanI krodhAgni se mugdha manmatha ke zarAra ko dagdha kara diyA hai aura jo vistRta nitaMba se nikalI huI gaMgA ke pravAha vAle himAlaya parvata ke samAna hai, aise zivajI ko namaskAra karo / ( asadRzopama vAkyArtha doSa kA udAharaNa) Na muanti dIhasAsaMNa ruanti Na honti virhkisiaao| dhaNNAo tAo jANaM bahuvallaha ! vallaho Na tumN|| (sa.kaM.1,115, gA0 sa02,47) he bahuvallabha (jise bahuta-sI mahilAyeM priya hai) ! jinakA tU priya nahIM aisI jo nAyikAyeM ( tere viraha meM) na dIrgha zvAsa chor3atI haiM, na bahuta kAla taka rudana karatI haiM aura na kRza hI hotI hai, ve dhanya hai / (aprastuta prazaMsA alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) Na muammi mue vi pie diTTo piaamo jiantIe / iha lajjA a pahariso tIe hiae Na sNmaai|| (saM0605, 191) priyatama ke mara jAne para maiM na marI, aura phira jItI huI maiMne use dekhAisa prakAra lajjA aura harSa ke bhAva usake mana meM nahIM samAte / Navapallavesu lolai gholai viDavesu calai sihresu| thavai thavaesu calaNe vasaMtalacchI asoassa // (sa0 kaM04, 203, 5,455)

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vasaMtazobhA azoka ke nava pallavoM meM caMcala hotI hai, vRkSoM ke zikharoM para calAyamAna hotI hai aura unake puSpagucchoM para apane caraNa rakhatI haiM / ( dIpaka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) NavapuNNimAmiaGkassa suhaa ! ko taM si bhaNasu maha saccam / kA sohaggasamaggA paosaraaNi vva tuha ajJa // ( kAvya0 pra04, 88 ) he subhaga ! saca-saca batAo, navodita pUrNimA ke candra ke tuma kauna lagate ho ? kyA Aja pradoSarAtri kI bhA~ti tumhArI koI saubhAgya sundarI maujUda hai ? ( pratimA alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) Navaria taM juajualaM aNNoSNaM NihidasajalamaMtharadihiM / AlekkhapiaM via khaNametthaM tattha saMThiaM suasaNaM // (sAhitya0, pR0 164, kuvalayAzvacarita ) una donoM kI jor3I paraspara azrupUrNaM nizcala dRSTi se degvatI hure, saMjJA se zUnya kevala citralikhita kI bhA~ti vahA~ kSaNa bhara ke liye khar3I rahI / vari a pasAriaMgI raabhariuppahapaiNNaveNIbandhA / paDiA urasandANiamahialacakkalaiatthaNI jaNaasuA // (sa0 kaM0 5, 206; setu0 11, 68 ) ( tatpazcAt ) apane aMgoM ko phailA kara dhUli se bhare hue unmArga meM jisakI khula gaI hai, tathA ( nIce kI ora muMha karake girane se ) chAtI ke jamIna se - lagane ke kAraNa jisake stanoM para cakra kI bhA~ti maMDala bana gaye haiM, aisI janakasutA ( sItA ) bhUmi para gira par3I / vaipahAratuhAi taM kaaM kiMpi haliasoNhAe / jaM ajjavi : juaijaNo ghare ghare sikkhiuM bhramai // (sa0 kaM0 5,175 ) navalatA ke prahAra se saMtuSTa halavAhe kI patohU ne jo kucha kiyA use Aja bhI ghara-ghara kI yuvatiyA~ sIkhane kI icchA rakhatI haiN| rass pahAramaMge, jahiM jahiM mahai debharo dAu / romaMcadaMDarAI tahiM tahiM dIsai bahUe // (sa0 kaM0 5, 308; gA0 sa0 1, 28 ) devara jahA~-jahA~ zarIra para navalatA se prahAra karane kI icchA karatA hai, vahA~ - vahA~ vadhU ke ( zarIra para ) romAMcapaMkti dikhAI dene lagatI hai / 740 vi taha aNAlavatI hiaaM dUmei mANiNI ahiam / jai dUraviambhiagaruarosamajjhattha bhaNiehiM 11 (sa0 kaM05, 325, 380, gA0 sa0 6, 64 ) mAninI yadi mauna dhAraNa kara letI hai to vaha itanA adhika hRdaya ko kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAtI jitanA ki vaha atyadhika roSapUrNa snehazUnya udAsIna vacanoM dvArA /

Page #746
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 741 Na vi taha chearaAI haranti punnruttraaarmiaaii| jaha jattha va tattha va jaha va taha va sbbhaavrmiaaii|| (sa0 ke05,333, gA0sa03, 74) punaH-punaH parizIlita, rati-vyApAra meM anubhava vAlA aisA kAmazAstrokta rati-vyApAra itanA AkarSaka nahIM hotA jitanA ki kisI bhI sthAna para aura kisI bhI prakAra se antaHkaraNa ke snehapUrvaka kiyA huA samAgama / NahamuhapasAhiaMgo nidAghummaMtaloaNo na thaa| jaha nivaNAharo sAmalaMga! dUmesi maha hiayN|| (kAvyA0 pR056, 23) he zyAmalAMgI priyatame ! nakhakSata dvArA zobhAyamAna tumhArA zarIra aura nidrA se pUrNita tumhAre netra mujhe itane vyAkula nahIM karate jitanA ki dantakSata binA tumhArA adhrosstth| Na hu NavaraM dIvasihAsAricchaM campaehiM paDivaNNam / kajalakajaM pikaaM uari bhamantehiM bhamarehiM // (sa005,462) kevala caMpaka ke phUla hI dIpaka kI zikhA kI bhA~ti pratIta nahIM hote, kiMtu Upara ur3ane vAle bhaure bhI kAjala jaise lagate haiM / ( alaGkAra saGkara kA udAharaNa ) NArAaNo tti pariNaaparAhi sirivallaho tti trunniihiN| bAlAhiM uNa kodUhaleNa emeja saJcavio // (alaGkAra sa0, pR018) pariNIta striyoM kI ruci nArAyaNa meM, taruNiyoM kI zrIvallabha meM aura vAlAoM kI kevala kutUhala meM rahatI hai, yahI dekhA gayA hai| NAsaM va sA kavole ajja vi tuha dantamaNDalaM baalaa| ubbhiNNapulaavaiver3haparigaaM rakkhai varAI // (sa0kaM05,218 gA0sa01,96) vaha bicArI bAlA romAMcarUpI bAr3a se yukta apane kapola para tumhAre dvArA kiye hue dantakSata kI dharohara kI bhA~ti Aja bhI rakSA kara rahI hai| NiggaMDadurAroha mA puttaya ! pADalaM samAruhasu / ArUr3hanivADiyA ke imIe na kayA ihaggAme // (kAnyA0, pR0 400, 666, gA0 saM05, 68) he putra ! gA~Tha rahita aura muzkila se car3he jAne yogya pATala vRkSa ke Upara mata car3ha / isa gA~va meM aise kauna haiM jinheM ( Upara car3he huoM ko ) isa (nAyikA) ne nIce nahIM girA diyaa| (saGkara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) NihAlasaparighummirataM svlnttaaraaloaa| kAmassavi dunvisahA dihiNivAA sasimuhIe // (sa0 ke05, 63, gA0 sa02,48)

Page #747
742 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ( surata-jAgaraNa ke kAraNa ) nidrA se alasAye aura jhUmate hupa, tathA ( atizaya anurAga se) putaliyoM ko tirache phirAte hue, candravadanA ke dRSTibANa kAmadeva ke liye bhI asahya haiN| NiyadaiyadaMsaNukkhitta pahiya ! anneNa vaccasu paheNa / gahavaidhUA dullaMghavAurA iha hayaggAme // kAvyA0, pR055, 19, sa0 kaM05,375) apanI priyatamA ke darzana ke liye utsuka he pathika ! tU aura kisI rAste se jaa| isa abhAge grAma meM gRhapati kI kanyA kahIM idhara-udhara jAne meM asamartha hai| (madhyamA nAyikA kA udAharaNa) NihuaramaNammi loaNapahaMpi paDie guruaNamajhami / saalaparihArahiaA vaNagamaNaM evva mahai bh|| (kAvya0 pra07, 328; kAvyA0 pR0 161, 187) apane premI ke sAtha ekAnta meM ramaNa karane vAlI koI vadhU apane gurujanoM dvArA dekha liye jAne para, ghara kA saba kAma-kAja chor3a kara kevala vanagamana kI hI icchA karatI hai ! (zRGgArarasa ke nirveda se bAdhita hone kA udAharaNa ) NeurakoDivilaggaM cihuraM daiassa paaapddiass| hia mANapautthaM ummoraM tti cia kahei // (dazarUpaka, pR04 pR0267, gA0 sa02,88) priyA ke pairoM meM girane vAle priyatama ke keza priyA ke nUpuroM meM ulajha gaye haiM jo isa bAta kI sUcanA de rahe haiM ki nAyikA ke mAnI hRdaya ko aba mAna se chuTakArA mila gayA hai| Nollei aNollamaNA attAmaM gharabharaMmi sayalaMmi / khaNamettaM jai saMjhAe hoi na va hoi vIsAmo // (kAvyA0, pR060,31, kAvya0pra03, 18) he priyatama ! merI niSThara sAsa dina bhara mujhe ghara ke kAma meM lagAye rakhatI hai| mujhe to kevala sAMjha ke samaya kSaNa bhara ke liye vizrAma milatA hai, yA phira vaha bhI nahIM miltaa| (yahA~ nAyikA apane pAsa khar3e premI ko dina bhara kAma meM lage rahane kI bAta sunAkara usase sAMjha ke samaya milane kI ora iMgita kara rahI hai ) / (sukSma alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) taiA maha gaMDasthalaNimiaM diTiM Na Nesi annnntto| eNiM saccea ahaM tea kavolA Na sA diTThI // (kAvya003, 16) he priyatama ! usa samaya to mere kapoloM meM nimagna terI dRSTi kahIM dUsarI jagaha jAne kA nAma bhI na letI thI, aura aba yadyapi maiM vahIM hU~, ve hI mere kapola haiM, phira bhI tumhArI vaha dRSTi nahIM rahI ( yahA~ priyatama ke pracchanna kAmuka hone kI dhvani vyakta hotI hai)| (vAkya vaiziSTaya se vAcya rUpa artha kI vyaMjanA kA udAharaNa)

Page #748
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 743 tatto cia genti kahA viasanti tahiM samappanti / kiM mapaNe mAucchA ! ekajuANo imo gAmo // (sa0 0 5, 227; gA0 sa0 7, 48) usI se kahAniyA~ AraMbha hotI haiM, usI se bar3hatI haiM aura vahIM para samApta ho jAtI hai| he mausI ! kyA kahU~, isa gA~va meM kevala vahI eka chailachabIlA rahatA hai| taralacchi ! caMdavaaNe ! pINatthaNi ! karikaroru ! taNumajjhe! dIhA vi samappai sisirajAmiNI kaha Nu de mANe // (zRMgAra0,59, 33) he caMcala netroM vAlI ! candravadane ! pIna stanavAlI ! hAthI ke zuMDAdaMDa ke samAna uruvAlI ! kRzodari ! zizira Rtu kI sArI rAta bIta gaI, aura terA mAna abhI bhI pUrA nahIM huA ! taha valiaMNaaNajuaM gahavaidhUAe raMgamajhami / jaha te vi NaDA NaDapecchaA vi muhapecchaA jaaaa|| (zRMgAra0 29, 135) jaise naTa aura naToM ke prekSaka usake mukha kI ora dekhane lage, vaise hI raMgasthalI meM usa gRhapati kI patohU ke netrayugala ghUma gye| taha jhatti se paattA savvaMgaM vibbhamA thaNubbhee / saMsaiabAlabhAvA hoi ciraM jaha sahINaM pi // (dazarUpaka 2, pR0 120) jaise-jaise usake stanoM meM vRddhi hone lagI vaise-vaise usake samasta aMgoM meM vilAsa dikhAI dene lagA, yahA~ taka ki usakI sakhiyA~ bhI ekabAragI usake bAlyabhAva ke bAre meM saMdeha karane laga gii| (helA kA udAharaNa) taha didaM taha bhaNi tAe NiadaM tahA tahAsINam / avaloiaM saaNhaM savibbhamaM jaha savattIhiM // (dazarUpaka, pra0 2, pR0 124) usa nAyikA kA dekhanA, bolanA, sthita honA aura baiThanA isa DhaMga kA hai ki usako sauteM bhI use tRSNA aura vilAsapUrvaka dekhatI haiM / (bhAva kA udAharaNa) taha sA jANai pAvA loe pacchaNNamaviNaaM kaauN| jaha paDhamaM cia sa cia likkhai majjhe caritavaMtINaM // (sa0ke05,394) jaise vaha pahale caritavaMtiyoM ke bIca pradhAna ginI jAtI thI, vaise hI aba vaha kulaTA loka meM pracchanna avinaya karane vAloM meM sarvaprathama hai / (svairiNI kA udAharaNa) tA kuNaha kAlaharaNaM tuvaraMtammi vivare vivaahss| jAva paNDuNahavaNAI honti kumArIa aMgAim // (sa0 ke0 5,311)

Page #749
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vivAha ke liye vara ke dvArA zIghratA karane para bhI taba taka samaya yApana karo jaba taka ki kumArI ke aMga pANDu nakhakSatoM se yukta na ho jAyeM / (vivAha ke samaya parihAsa kA udAharaNa) tANaM guNaggahaNANaM tANukaMThANaM tassa pemmassa / tANaM bhaNiANaM sundara ! erisiaMjAamavasANam // (kAvya0 pra04, 102) he sundara ! kyA una guNoM ke varNana kA, una utkaMThAoM kA, usa prema kA aura tumhArI una premapagI bAtoM kA yahI anta honA thA ? (vacana kI rasavyaMjakatA kA udAharaNa) tAlA jAyanti guNA jAlA te sahiaehi dhippaMti / ravikiraNANuggahiAI hu~ti kamalAI kamalAI // (alaGkAra0 pR0 23; kAzyA0 pR0 209, 235, viSamabANalIlA; . kAvya0pra07,315) guNa usa samaya utpanna hote haiM jaba ve sahRdaya puruSoM dvArA grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| sUrya kI kiraNoM se anugRhIta vikasita kamala hI kamala kahe jAte haiN| (lATAnuprAsa kA udAharaNa) tAva cia raisamae mahilANaM vinbhamA birAanti / jAva Na kuvalayadalasacchahAI maulenti nnannaaii.|| (saM0 kaM05, 1687 dazarUpaka 2, pR0 100% gA0sa0 1,5) rati ke samaya striyoM kI zrRMgAra-ceSTAe~ tabhI taka zobhita hotI haiM jaba taka ki kamaloM ke samAna unake nayana mukulita nahIM ho jaate| (rasAzrita bhAva kA udAharaNa) tAvamavaNei Na tahA candanapaMko vi kAmimihuNANam / jai dUsahe vi gimhe aNNoNNAliMgaNasuhellI // (sa0 ke0 5, 213; gA0 sa0 3, 88) asahya grISmakAla meM bhI kAmIjanoM kA tApa, jaisA paraspara AliMgana-sukha kI krIr3A se zAnta hotA hai, vaisA candana ke lepa se bhI nahIM hotaa| (saGkara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) tIe daMsaNasuhae paNaakkhalaNajaNio mahammi mnnhre|| roso vi harai hiaaMmaaaMko bva mialaMchaNammi NisaNNo // (sa0605, 485) usake darzanIya suMdara mukha para praNaya ke skhalana ke kAraNa jo ropa dikhAI detA hai vaha bhI candramA meM baiThe hue mRga ke ciha kI bhA~ti manohara jAna par3atA hai| (saGkara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) tIe savisesadUmiasavattihiaAI nnigvlnnntsinnehN| piagalaiAi Nimi sohamgaguNANa aggabhUmIa panaM // (sa0 kaM05, 350)

Page #750
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 745 vizeSa rUpa se apanI sautoM ke hRdaya ko dukhI karane vAlI apane priya kI lAr3alI usa (nAyikA ) ne saubhAgya-guNoM kI agrabhUmi meM snehayukta sthAna . banAyA hai| tujkSa Na ANe hia mama uNa maaNo diAa rattiM a| Nikkiva! tavei valiaM juha juttamaNorahAI aNgaaii|| (sa0 kaM0 2, 2; a0 zAkuntala 3, 19) maiM tere hRdaya ko nahIM jAnatI lekina he nideya ! jisake manoratha tuma para kendrita haiM aisI mujha jaisI ke aMgoM ko dina aura rAta atizaya rUpa se kAma satAtA hai / (zuddha prAkRta kA udAharaNa) tuha vallahassa gosammi Asi aharo, milaannkmldlN| iya navavahuA soUNa kuNai vayaNaM mahIsamuhaM // (kAmyA0pR080,76; kAvyaprakAza 4,83) Aja prabhAta meM tumhAre priyatama kA adharoSTha kisI masale hue kamalapatra kI bhA~ti dikhAI de rahA thA, yaha sunate hI navavadhU kA mu~ha jamIna meM gar3a gyaa| (rUpaka kA udAharaNa) tuha virahajAgarao siviNe vi Na dei dsnnsuhaaii| cAheNa jahAloaNaviNoaNaM pi se vihaam // (sa0 ke05,338; gA0 sa05,87) tumhAre viraha ke jAgRta rahane se svapna meM bhI tumhAre darzana kA sukha use prApta nahIM hotA tathA A~khoM ke azruoM se pUrNa hone se tumheM dekhane kA AnaMda nahIM milatA, yaha usa becArI kA bar3A durbhAgya hai ! teNa ira NavalaAe dipaNo paharo imIa thaNavaDhe / gAmataruNIhiM aja vi diahaM parivAliA bhamai // (sa0 ke0 5, 228) usane usa nAyikA ke stanoM para navalatA se prahAra kiyA jisase vaha abhI bhI gA~va kI taNiyoM dvArA rakSita idhara-udhara ghUma rahI hai| te viralA sappurisA je abhaNantA ghaDenti kajjalAve / thoaccia te vi dumA je amuNiakusumaNiggamA denti phalaM / (sa0 ke0 4, 662; setu0 3,9) jo binA kucha kahe hI kAma banA dete haiM aise satpuruSa virale hai| udAharaNa ke liye, aise vRkSa thor3e hI hote haiM jo phUloM ke binA hI phala dete haiN| (arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) to kumbhannnnpddivanndnnddpddighttttiaamrisghorviso| galiaMsuaNimoo jAo bhIsaNanaro dsaannnnbhuao|| (sa0 kaM04, 38) tatpazcAt kuMbhakarNa ke pratyuttara rUpI daMDa se jisakA krodha rUpI ugra viSa

Page #751
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jAgRta ho gayA hai, tabhA jisakI vastrarUpI keMculI skhalita ho gaI hai aisA rAvaNarUpI sarpa ati bhayAnaka dikhAI dene lagA / (rUpaka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) to tANa haacchAaM NiccalaloaNasihaM pautthapaAvam / AlekkhapaIvANaM va NiaaM paiicahulattaNaM pi vialiam // (sa0 kaM0 4, 56, 5, 24 setubaMdha 2, 45; kAvyA0 pR0 145, 170%; viSamavANalIlA) zobhA-vihIna nizcala locanarUpI zikhA se yukta aura pratAparahita aise citralikhita dIpakoM kI bhA~ti una vAnaroM kI svAbhAvika caMcalatA naSTa ho gii| (sAmya alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) taM kira khaNA virajasi taM kira uvahasasi salmhilaao| ehehi vAravAlii! aMsU mailaM samuppisimo // .. (sa0 ke05, 376) tU kSaNa bhara meM udAsa ho jAtI hai, phira tU saba mahilAoM kA upahAsa karane lagatI hai| he dvArapAlike! idhara A, hama tere malina A~suoM ko poMcha deNge| (adhamA nAyikA kA udAharaNa) taM cia vaaNaM te cea loaNe jovaNaM pi taM cce| aNNA aNaMgalacchI aNNaM cia kiM pi saahei|| (dazarUpaka pra0 2, pR0 120) usa nAyikA kA vahI mukha hai, ve hI netra haiM, aura vahIM usakA yauvana hai, lekina usake zarIra meM eka vicitra hI kamanIyatA dikhAI detI hai jo kucha aura hI kaha rahI hai / (bhAva kA udAharaNa ) taMNasthi kiMpi paiNo pakappiraM jaMNa nniaighrnniie| aNavaraagamaNasIlassa kAlapahiassa pAhijjam // (alaGkAra0 pR0 123) niyatirUpI gRhiNI ne satata gamanazIla kAla-pathikarUpa apane pati ke liye kaunasA pAtheya taiyAra nahIM kiyA? taM tANa sirisahoararayaNAharaNammi hiaymikkrsN| biMbAhare piANaM nivesiyaM kusumabANeNa // (dhvanyA0 u02 pR0 200; kAvyA0 pR074, 70, viSamabANalIlA) kaustubhamaNi ko prApta karane ke liye tatpara asuroM kA mana jo atyanta tanmaya ho gayA thA, use kAmadeva ne (kaustubhamaNi se khIMca kara ) preyasI ke adharabiMba meM nivezita kara diyA / (paryAya alaGkAra kA udAharaNa). taM tiasakusumadAmaM hariNA nnimmhiasurhigndhaamoaN| appaNai pi dUmiapaNaiNihiaeNa ruppiNIa vihaNNam // (sa0 ke05,351)

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 747 sugaMdha se paripUrNa aura svayaM lAI huI devoM kI puSpamAlA ko, praNayinI ke hRdaya ko kaSTa pahu~cAne vAle kRSNa ne binA mA~ge hI rukmiNI ko de dii| (pratinAyikA kA udAharaNa) taM tiasabandimokkhaM samattaloassa hiaasalluddharaNam / suNaha aNurAyaiNhaM sIyAdukkhakkhayaM dasamuhassa vaham // (kAvyA0 pR0 456, 612; setubandha 1, 12) baMdI kie hue devatAoM ko chuTakArA dene vAle, samasta loka ke hRdayoM meM se zalya ko nikAlane vAle, (sItA ke prati rAma ke ) anurAga ke cihna rUpa tathA sItA ke dukha kA haraNa karane vAle aise rAvaNavadha ko suno| taM daiAciNNANaM jammi vi aMgammi rAhaveNa Na nnimi| sIAparimaTeNa va UDho teNavi nirantaraM romnyco|| (sa0 ke0 4, 223, setubaMdha 1, 42) usa priyA ke cihna (maNi) ko rAmacandra ne jisa aMga para nahIM rakhA vaha bhI mAnoM sItA dvArA cAroM ora se spRSTa hokara pulakita ho utthaa| (atizayokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) taM pulaiaM pi pecchai taM cia NijjhAi tIa geNahai gottaM / ThAia tassa samaaNe aNNaM vi viciMtaammi sa cia hiae|| (sa0 ke05,336) hRdaya meM kisI anya kA vicAra karate hue, vaha pulakita huI usI nAyikA ko dekhatA hai, usI kA dhyAna karatA hai, usI kA nAma letA hai aura vahI usake hRdaya meM vAsa karatI hai| taMbamuhakaAhoA jai jai thaNaA kilenti kumarINam / taha taha laddhAvAsovva vammaho hiaamAvisai / (sa0 ke0 5,332) vistAra vAle kumAriyoM ke tAmramukha stana jaise-jaise lAMti utpanna karate haiM, vaise-vaise mAno kAmadeva sthAna pAkara hRdaya meM praveza karatA hai| (yauvanaja kA udAharaNa) taM si mae cUaMkara ! diNNo kAmassa gahidadhaNuassa / juvaimaNamohaNasaho paJcabbhahio saro hohi // (sa0 kaM0 2,5; a0 zAkuntala 6,3) he AmramaMjarI! hAtha meM dhanuSa lene vAle kAmadeva ko maiMne tujhe diyA hai, aba tU yuvatiyoM ke mana ko mohita karane meM samartha pA~ca se adhika bANarUpa bana jA ( kAmadeva ko paMcazara kahA gayA hai)| (zuddha zaurasenI kA udAharaNa ) thoArUDhamahumaA khnnpmhhaavraahdinnnnullaavaa| hasiUNa saMThavijai pieNa saMbharialajiA kAvi piaa|| (sa0 ke0 5, 321) /

Page #753
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jite madirA kA thor3A-sA nazA car3hA huA hai aura jo kSaNa bhara ke lie, aparAdhoM ko bhUla kara ullAsa kara rahI haiM, lajjA ko smaraNa karatI huI aisI priyA ko usakA priyatama ha~sa kara baiThA rahA hai| thoo saraMtarosaM thoatthoaparivaDDhamANapaharisam / hoi a dUrapaAsaM uaharasAaMtavibhamaM tIa mukham // (sa0 ke05, 491) dhIre-dhIre jisakA roSa dUra ho rahA hai aura jisa para dhIre-dhIre harSa ke cihna dikhAI de rahe haiM aisA dUra se prakAzita aura ubhaya rasa ke hAva-bhAva se yukta usa (nAyikA ) kA mukha dikhAI de rahA hai / ( svabhAvokti kA udAharaNa) , daiassa gimmavammahasaMdAvaM do vi kSatti avnnei| majaNajaladdacaMdaNasisirA AliMgaNeNa bahU ||(bhNgaar0 55, 13) khAna ke jala se Ardra aura candana se zizira vadhU apane AliMgana se dayitA ke grISma aura kAma saMtApa donoM ko jhaTa se dUra kara detI hai| daTuM ciraMNa laddho mAmi ! pio dihigoaragao vi| daMDAhaavaliabhuaMgavakkaracche haaggAme // (zRMgAra 41, 203) he mAmI ! daMDa se Ahata, ghUme hue, aura bhujaMga ke samAna Ter3he-mer3he rAste vAle isa abhAge gA~va meM dRSTigocara hote hue bhI usa apane priya ko bahuta dera taka maiM na dekha skii| dahroha ho! asilaaghAo de.vi maulAvai loaNabhauho be| supaoharakuvalayapattalacchi kaha mohaNa jaNai Na lggvcchi|| (sa0 ke05, 498) he adharAmRta ke pAna karane vAle ! terA nakhAghAta ( usake) donoM locanoM ko mukulita kara detA hai, phira vaha suMdara stanoM vAlI aura kamala ke samAna nayanoM vAlI vakSasthala se lagI huI kisake hRdaya meM moha utpanna nahIM karatI ? (dIra rasa sUcaka artha : oThoM ko Dasa kara tumhAre khaGga kA prahAra kiye jAne para usake donoM netra mukulita ho jAte haiM, phira vakSasthala se lagna samasta pRthvI maMDala ko prApta lakSmI yoddhAoM ke hRdaya meM kyoM moha utpanna nahIM karatI ?) (zlepa kA udAharaNa ) daDhamUDhabaddhagaMThiM va moiA kahavi teNa me baahuu| ajhe via tassa ure khattavva samurakkhaA thnnaa|| (bhaMgAra0 7, 28) dRr3ha baMdhI huI gA~Tha kI bhA~ti usane kisI taraha merI donoM bAhuoM ko chur3AyA, phira to hamane bhI gaDDhe kI bhA~ti usake vakSasthala para apane stana gar3A diye| daravevirorujualAsu mauliacchIsu luliaciurAsu / purusAiasIrIsu kAmo piAsu sajAuho vasai // (sa0 ke05, 222, gA0 sa07. 15) jisake uruyugala kucha kaMpita ho rahe haiM, jisake netra mukulita haiM, kezapAza YN

Page #754
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 749 / caMcala ho rahA hai aisI puruSAyita ( rati ke samaya puruSa kI bhA~ti AcaraNa karane vAlI ) priyA meM kAmadeva mAnoM samasta zastroM se sajjita hokara upasthita huA hai| diahe diahe sUsai sNkeaabhNgvddddhiaasNkaa| . ApANDurAvaNamuhI kalameNa samaM kalamagovI // (sa0 kaM0 5, 326; gA0 sa0 7,91) jaise kalama ( eka prakAra kA dhAna ) paka jAne para pIlA par3a kara dina pratidina sUkhane lagatA hai, vaise hI (dhAna ke kheta sUkha jAne para ) saMketa-sthala ke naSTa ho jAne kI cintA se pIlI par3I huI, nIce muMha kiye dhAna kI rakhavAlI karane vAlI (kRSaka vadhu ) dina para dina sUkhatI jAtI hai / ( sahokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) diahaM khu dukhiAe saalaM kAUNa gehavAvAram / garueva maNNudukkhe bharimo pAantasuttassa // (dazarUpaka pra02, pR0 123 gA0 sa03,26) dina bhara ghara ke kAmakAja meM lagI rahane ke kAraNa duHkhI nAyikA kA bhArI krodha evaM du:kha priya ke pA~yato kI tarapha so jAne se zAMta ho gayA / (audArya kA udAharaNa) dihAi jaMNa diTTho AlaviAe vi jaM Na aaltto| uvaAroNa kao te citra kali kanehi (sa. kaM05,252, 3, 129) usa ( nAyikA ) ke dvArA dekhe jAte hue bhI jisane usakI ora nahIM dekhA, bhASaNa kiye jAte hue bhI bhASaNa nahIM kiyA, aura jisane usakA svAgata taka nahIM kiyA, use vidagdha loga hI samajha sakate haiN| (vicitra, viSama alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) . diTThA kuviANuNaA piA sahassajaNapellaNaM pi vishi| jassa NisaNNAi ure sirIe pemmeNa lahuio appANo // (sa0 ke05,322) sahasrajanoM kI preraNA ko sahana karake bhI kupita priyatamA ko manAyA, ( tatpazcAt ) jisake vakSasthala para AsIna lakSmI ke prema se usakI AtmA komala ho gii| diheja pulaijasi tharaharasi piammi jaM samAsaNe / tuha sambhAsaNaseulli phaMsaNe kiM vi lajihisi // (sa0 ke0 5, 148) jisa priyatama ko dekhane para tU pulakita hotI hai, jisake pAsa Ane para kaMpita hone lagatI hai aura jisake sAtha vArtAlApa karane se pasInA-pasInA ho jAtI hai, usake sparza se tU bhalA kyoM lajAtI hai ? (saMcArI bhAvoM meM sveda, romAMca aura vepathu kA udAharaNa)

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa diyarassa saraamauaM aMsumaileNa dei hattheNa / par3hamaM hiaaM bahuA pacchA gaNDaM sadantavaNam ||(l. kaM05,317) pahale bahU apane devara ko apanA hRdaya sauMpatI hai, tatpazcAt A~suoM se malina hAtha se zarad Rtu meM hone vAle apane dA~ta-kaTe ganne ko detI hai / dIsai Na cUamaulaM aja Na a vAi mlagndhvho| ei vasantamAso sahi ! jaM ukkaNThiaM ceaN|| (sa0 ke0 3, 156, gA0 sa0 6, 42) he sakhi ! abhI AmravRkSa para maura lagA nahIM aura malaya kA sugaMdha pavana bahatA nahIM, phira bhI merA utkaMThita mana kaha rahA hai ki vasanta A gayA hai / (zeSavat kA udAharaNa) dIho diahamuaMgo raibiMbaphaNAmaNippahaM viasnto| avarasamuddamuvagao muMcaMto kaMcuaMbadhammaaNivaham // (sa0 ke0 4,46) dIrgha sUrya biMbarUpI phaNa kI maNi ko vikasita karatA huA aura AtaparUpI keMculI chor3atA huA aisA divasa rUpI sarpa pazcima samudra ko prApta huA (sUryAsta kA vrnnn)| (rUpaka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) dullahajaNANurAo lajA garaI paravaso appA / piasahi ! visamaM pemma maraNaM saraNaM Navara ekaM // (sa0 ke0 5, 177; sAhitya0 pR0 368dazarUpaka 1, pR0 29; ratnAvali 2,1) durlabha jana ke prati prema, gaMbhIra lajjA aura parAdhIna AtmA, he priya sakhi ! aisA yaha viSama prema hai, aba to mRtyu hI eka mAtra zaraNa hai| dUmenti je muhuttaM kuviraM dAsa vva je pasAenti / te cia mahilANaM piA sesA sAmi cima vraaaa|| . (sa0 kaM5, 286) jo thor3I dera ke lie (krIr3A, gotra-skhalana Adi dvArA ) apanI priyA ko kaSTa dete haiM aura kupita huI ko dAsa kI bhA~ti prasanna karate haiM, vAstava meM ve hI mahilAoM ke priya haiM, bAkI to vicAra svAmI kahe jAne yogya haiN| dUrapaDibaddharAe avaUhattammi diNaare avaradisam / asahanti vva kilimmai piaamapaJcakkhadUsaNaM dinnlcchii|| (sa0 ke0 4, 86) atyanta rAgayukta sUrya ke dvArA pazcima dizA ( apara nAyikA ) ke AliMgana kiye jAne para, divasa-zobhA apane priyatama ke pratyakSa dUSaNa ko sahana na kara sakane ke kAraNa hI mAnoM mlAna ho calI hai / ( samAdhi alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) de A pasia Niattasu muhssijolaavilutttmnnivhe| ___ ahisAriANa vigdhaM karesi aNNANa vi haAse // (dhvanyA0 u0 1, pR0 22, kAvyA0 pR0 55, 22, dazarUpaka 2, pR0 123)

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 751 apane mukharUpI candramA kI jyotsnA se aMdhakAra ko dUra karane vAlI hai priye ! tuma prasanna ho kara ghara lauTo / nahIM to he abhAginI ! tuma anya abhisArikAoM ke mArga meM bhI bAdhA bana jaaogii| ( dIptibhAva kA udAharaNa ) devAttammi phale kiM kIrai ettiaM puNo bhaNimo / kaMkellapallavANaM Na pallava honti sAricchA // ( dhvanyA0 u0 2, pR0 201; gA0 sa03, 79 ) phala sadA bhAgya ke adhIna rahatA hai, isameM koI kyA kara sakatA hai ? hama to itanA hI kahate haiM ki azoka ke patte anya pattoM ke samAna nahIM hote / ( aprastutaprazaMsA, saGkara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) dehova use diaho kaNThaccheo va lohio hoi raI / gai ruhira va saMjhA gholai kesakasaNaM sirammi a timiraM // (sa0 kaM0 4, 91 ) deha kI bhA~ti divasa gira rahA hai, kaMThaccheda kI bhA~ti sUrya lAla ho rahA hai, rudhira kI bhA~ti saMdhyA gala rahI hai aura kRSNa kezoM vAle sira kI bhA~ti andhakAra idhara-udhara ghUrNita ho rahA hai / ( samAdhi alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) daMtabhava kavole kaaggahovelio a dhammilo / pasidhummirA a diTThI piAgamaM sAhai bahUe // ( 80 kaMM 5, 220 ) kapola para dA~toM ke cihnoM kA dikhAI denA, kezagrahaNa karane se chitarAyA huA kezoM kA jUr3A aura idhara-udhara ghUmane vAlI dRSTi-ye nAyikA ke priyatama ke Agamana ko sUcita karate haiM / daMsaNavaliaM dadakaM bibaMdhaNaM dIharaM supariNAham / hoi ghare sAhINaM musalaM gharaNANaM mahilANam // (sa0kaM0 4, 233) dhAna kUTane vAlA, dRr3ha, bandhana rahita, dIrghaM aura ati sthUla mUsala uttama mahilAoM ke ghara sadA rahatA hai (yahA~ mUsala zabda meM Sa hai ) / ( bhAvika alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) semi taM pi sasiNaM vasuhAvaiNNaM, thaMbhemi tassa vi raissa rahaM Nahaddhe / ANemi jakkhasurasiddhagaNaMgaNAo, taM Natthi bhUmivalae maha jaMNa sajjham // (sa0 kaM0 5, 409; karpUra maM0 1, 25 ) maiM usa candramA ko pRthvI para lAkara dikhA dUMgA, usa sUrya ke ratha ko AkAza ke bIca ThaharA dUMgA, tathA yakSa, sura aura siddhAMganAoM ko yahA~ le AU~gA / isa bhUmaMDala para aisA koI bhI kArya nahIM jise maiM siddha na kara sakU~ (bhairavAnaMda kI ukti ) / ovappaNavallariviraiakaNNAvasadupecche | vAhaguruA Nisammai vAhIea bahumuhe diTThI // (sa0kaM0 5, 108 ) priyaMgulatA se viracita karNa AbhUSaNoM ke kAraNa duSprakSya aura zAMta aise vadhU ke mukha para azrupUrNa dRSTi Age jAne se ruka jAtI hai /

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752 . prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dharaharai urUjualaM jhijai vaaNaM sasajjhasaM hiaaN| bAlAe paDhamasurae kiM kiM Na kuNaMti aMgAiM // / (zrRMgAra0 20, 91) uruyugala kaMpita ho rahA hai, mukha jhIja rahA hai, hRdaya meM bhaya utpanna ho rahA hai, prathama surata ke prasaMga meM bAlA ke aMga kyA-kyA nahIM karate ? dhavalo si jai vi sundara ! tahavi tae majjha raMjiaM hiaaN| rAyabharie vi hiyae, suhaya ! nihitto. na rattosi // (kAvyA0 pR0 377, 606; kAvyaprakAza 10, 564; gA0 sa07,65) he suMdara ! yadyapi tU dhavala ( zreSTha ) hai, phira bhI tUne merA hRdaya raMga diyA hai / lekina he subhaga ! anurAga pUrNa mere hRdaya meM rahate hue bhI tU rakta nahIM hotaa| (atadguNa alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) dhIrANa ramai ghusiNAruNammi na tahAvi yA thgucchNge| diTThI riugayakuMbhatthalammi jaha bahalasiMdUre // (kAvyA0 pR0 75, 72; dhvanyA0 2, pR. 119 ) dhIra puruSoM kI dRSTi jitanI siMdUra se pUrNa zatruoM ke hAthiyoM ke gaMDasthala ko dekhane meM ramatI hai, utanI kuMkuma se rakta apanI priyA ke stanoM meM nhiiN| (upamAdhvani kA udAharaNa) dhIreNa mANabhaMgo mANakkhalageNa gruadhiiraarmbho| ullalai tulijjante ekkammi vi se thiraM na laggai hia|| (sa0 ke0 5, 492) dhIraja se mAna bhaMga ho jAtA hai aura mAna bhaMga hone se phira mahAn dhIraja AraMbha hotA hai, isa prakAra usa ( mAninI ) kA hRdaya tarAjU kI bhA~ti UparanIce jA rahA hai, vaha eka jagaha sthira nahIM rhtaa| (svabhAvokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) dhIreNa samaM jAmA hiaeNa samaM aNiTiA uvaesA / ucchAheNa saha bhuA bAheNa samaM galanti se ullAvA // (sa0 ke0 4, 132, setubaMdha 5, 7) (rAma ke ) dhairya ke sAtha rAtri ke pahara, usake hRdaya ke sAtha anizcita upadeza, utsAha ke sAtha bhujAyeM aura azruoM ke sAtha vacana vigalita hote haiM / (sahokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) dhIraM va jalasamUhaM timiNivahaM via sapakkhapavvaaloam / Nahasotteva taraMge ramaNAI va guruaguNasaAI vahantam // (sa0 ke04, 133; setu02,14) dhairya kI bhA~ti jalasamUha ko, timiMgala matsyoM kI bhA~ti pakSasahita parvataloka ko, nadI ke srota kI bhA~ti taraMgoM ko aura ratnoM kI bhA~ti saikar3oM mahAn guNoM ko dhAraNa karatA huA (samudra dikhAI de rahA hai)| (sahokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa)

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 753 dhIraM harai visAo viNa jovaNamado aNaMgo lajaM / ekaMtagahiavakkho ki sesau jaMThavei vaprinnaamo|| (sa0 kaM0 4, 174; setu0 4, 23) viSAda dhairya kA, yauvanamada vinaya kA aura kAmadeva lajjA kA apaharaNa karatA hai, phira ekAntapakSa nirNaya buddhi vAle bur3hApe ke pAsa bacatA hI kyA hai jise vaha sthApita kare ? ( arthAt bur3hApA sarvahArI hai ) / (parikara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) dhuamehamahuarAo ghnnsmaaaddddhionnavimukkaao| NahapAavasAhAo NiaaTThANaM va paDigaAo disaao|| (sa0 kaM0 4, 47, setu0 baM0 1, 19) idhara-udhara ur3ane vAle megharUpI bhauroM se yukta (nAyikA ke pakSa meM buddhi naSTa karane vAle madhu ko hAtha meM dhAraNa kiye hue) varSARtu meM dhana AvaraNa ke kAraNa AkRSTa, avanata aura phira tyakta ( nAyikA ke pakSa meM atyaMta madapUrvaka nAyaka ke dvArA AkRSTa, vazIkRta aura upabhoga ke pazcAt tyakta) aise AkAzarUpI vRkSoM kI zAkhArUpI dizAyeM (nAyikA ke pakSa meM nakhakSata ke prasAdhana se yukta) apaneapane sthAna para calI gaI (nAyikAoM ke pakSa meM abhisaraNa ke pazcAt prAtaHkAla ke samaya ) / (rUpaka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) dhUmAi dhUmakaluse jalai jalaMtA rahantajIAbandhe / paDiraapaDiuNNadise rasai rasantasihare dhammi NahaalaM // (sa0 ke0 2, 227; setubaMdha 5, 19). rAma ke dhanuSa se uThe hue dhue~ kI kAlimA se AkAza dhue~ se bhara gayA, agnibANa ko car3hAte samaya pratyaMcA kI jvAlA se AkAza prajvalita ho gayA aura koTi kI TaMkAra se pratidhvanita hokara dizAoM ko guMjita karane lgaa| (anuprAsa kA udAharaNa) paaDiasaNehasaMbhAvavinbhamaMtia jaha tumaM dittttho| saMvaraNavAvaDAe aNNo vi jaNo taha Jceva // (sa0 ke0 3, 128, gA0 sa02, 99) apane leha kA sadbhAva prakaTa karake jaise usane tumhArI ora dRSTipAta kiyA, vaise hI apane prema-saMbaMdha ko gopana karane kI dRSTi se usane anya jana ko dekhaa| paapIDiamahisAsuradehehi, bhuaNabhaaluAba(?)sasilehiM / surasuhadettavaliadhavalacchihiM, jaai sahAsaM vaaNu mahalacchIe // (sa0 kaM0 2,388) apane caraNoM dvArA jisane mahiSAsura ko mardana kara rakkhA hai, candramA kI kiraNoM se jisane saMsAra meM bhaya utpanna kiyA hai, tathA devatAoM ko sukhakara golAkAra dhavala netroM vAlA aisA mahAlakSmI kA hAsyayukta mukha vijayI ho| (AkSiptikA kA udAharaNa) 48 prA0 sA0

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754 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa paipurao cia Nijai viMchuadaTetti jAravejagharaM / sahiAsapaNa karadhariajualaaMdolirI muddhA // (zRMgAra0 40, 195) __bicchU se kATI huI, bhujAoM ko hAtha se pakar3e hue, kaMpanazIlA mugdhA nAyikA apanI sakhI ke sahAre pati ke sAmane hI jAra-vaidya ke ghara le jAI jA rahI hai ! paurajuANo gAmo mahumAso jovaNaM paI tthero| juNNasurA sAhINA asaI mA hou kiM marau / (sa0 ke04, 154; gA0 sa02,97) isa gA~va meM bahuta se javAna puruSa haiM, vasanta kI bahAra hai, javAnI apanI chaTA dikhA rahI hai, pati khUsaTa hai, purAnI surA pAsa meM hai, phira bhalA aisI hAlata meM koI kulaTA na bane to kyA prANa tyAda de ? (AkSepa, tulyayogitA alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) paccUsAgaa ! raMjiyadeha ! piAlo! loaNANanda ! aNNatta khaviasavvari ! NahabhUsaNa! diNavai ! Namo de|| (sa0 ke0 5,398; gA0 sa07,53) pratyUSakAla meM dUsare dvIpa se ( dUsare pakSa meM sauta ke ghara se ) Agata, aruNa deha . se yukta (dUsare pakSa meM sauta ke alakta Adi se raMjita), priya Aloka vAle, locanoM ko AnandadAyI, anyatra rAtri bitAne vAle (anya striyoM ke sAtha rAta bitAne vAle ) aura AkAza ke bhUpaNa ( nakhakSata Adi AbhUSaNa se yukta ) hai sUrya ! tujhe namaskAra ho| (khaMDitA nAyikA kA udAharaNa) pajjattaMmi vi surae vialiabaMdha a sNjmNtiie| vinbhamahasiehiM kao puNo vi maaNAuro dio|| - (zRMgAra0 54, 6) surata ke samApta hone para, apaneM khule hue nAr3e ke baMdhana ko ThIka karatI huI nAyikA ne apane vilAsapUrNa hAsya dvArA apane dayitA ko punaH kAma se vyAkula kara diyaa| paTuMsuuttarijeNa pAmaro pAmarIe pripusi| aiguruakUrakumbhIbhareNa seulliaM vaaNam // (sa0 kaM 1,70) bahuta bhArI cAvaloM kI kalasI ke bhAra ke kAraNa pasIne se gIle hue. pAmarI ke mu~ha ko pAmara usake rezamI uttarIya se poMcha rahA hai| (aucityaviruddha kA udAharaNa ) paDiA a hatthasiDhiliaNirohapaNDurasamUsasantakavolA / pelliavAmapaoharavisamuNNaadAhiNatthaNI jaNaasuA // (sa0ke04, 172, setu011, 54) hAtha ke zithila hokara khisaka jAne se jisake pAMDura kapola (hastapIDana ke tyAga ke kAraNa ) ucchvAsa le rahe haiM, tathA vAma payodhara ke pIr3ita hone se .

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 755 jisakA dakSiNa payodhara viSama aura unnata ho gayA hai aisI sItA ( kevala mUcchita hI nahIM huI balki ) gira bhI pdd'ii| (parikara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) paDiucchiA Na jaMpai gahiA vi pphurai cumbiA rusai / tuhikkA NavabahuA kaAvarAheNa dienn|| (sa0 ke05, 179) aparAdhI pati dvArA prazna kiye jAne para cupacApa rahane vAlI navavadhU bolatI nahIM, pakar3a lene para caMcala hotI hai aura cumbana lene para nArAja ho jAtI hai| paDivakkhamayaNupuMje lAvaNNauDe aNaMgagaakumbhe / . purisasaahiaadharie kIsa thaNaMtI thaNe vahasi // (sa0 ke05, 378, gA0 sa03, 60) sapatniyoM ke krodha ke puMjasvarUpa, saundarya ke AvAsa, anaMgarUpI hastI ke gaMDasthala, saikar3oM puruSoM dvArA hRdaya meM dhAraNa kiye jAte hue tathA saundarya kI garjanA karane vAle aise ina stanoM ko tU kisake lie dhAraNa karatI hai ? (madhyamA nAyikA kA udAharaNa) paDhamaghariNIa samaaM ua piMDAre daraM kunnntmmi| NavabahuAi sarosaM savva cia vacchalA mukkA // . (sa0 ke05, 185) dekho, prathama gRhiNI se gvAle (piMDAra) ke Dara jAne para, usakI navavadhU ne roSa meM Akara sabhI bachar3oM ko mukta kara diyaa| (strI ke mAna kA udAharaNa) paNa paDhamapiAe rakkhiukAmo vi mahuramahurehiM / cheavaro viNaDijjai ahiNavabahuAvilAsehiM ||(s0kN0 5,386) madhura-madhura rUpoM se prathama priyA ke praNaya kI rakSA karane kA abhilASI vidagdha puruSa navavadhU ke abhinava vilAsoM ke dvArA sukha ko prApta hotA hai| (jyeSThA nAyikA kA udAharaNa) paNamata paNaapakaviagolIcalaNagalaggapaDibiMbama / dasasu NahadappaNesu eAdasataNudhalaM luI // (sa0 kaM0 2, 4) praNaya se kupita pArvatI ke caraNoM ke agrabhAga meM jisakA pratibiMba dikhAI de rahA hai, aise dasa nakharUpI darpaNoM meM gyAraha zarIra ke dhArI ziva bhagavAn ko praNAma kro| (zuddha paizAcI kA udAharaNa) paNayakuviyANa duNha vi aliyapasuttANa mANaillANaM / nizcalaniruddhaNIsAsadiNNakaNNANa ko mallo // (kAvyA0 pR0 112, 105, gA0 sa0.1, 27, dazarUpaka pR04, pR0 263, sAhitya pR0 195) * praNaya se kupita, jhUTha-mUTha soe hue, mAnI, binA hile-Dule jinhoMne apanI sAMsa roka rakkhI hai aura apane kAna eka dUsare kI sAMsa sunane ke liye khar3e kara rakkhe haiM, aise priya aura priyA donoM meM dekheM kauna malla hai?

Page #761
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pattaniaMbaphaMsA hANuttiSNAe sAmalaMgIe / virA aMti jalabinduhiM baMdhassa va bhaena || ( kAvyA0 pR0 212, 243; gA0 sa06, 55 ) snAna karake AI huI kisI zyAmalAGgI ke nitaMboM ko sparza karane vAle kezoM meM se jo jala kI bUMdeM cU rahI haiM, unase lagatA hai ki keza mAnoM phira se bA~dhe jAne ke bhaya se rudana kara rahe haiM / ( utprekSA alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) 756 pattA asI rAhaadhAusilAjalaNisaNNarAiajalaaM / sajyaM ojura pahasidadarimuhaNimmahiavaulamairAmoaM // (sa0 kaM0 2, 191; setubaMdha 1, 56 ) jisake jala-binduoM se Ahata dhAtuzilAtala para AsIna meghoM se zobhAyamAna tathA jisake nirjhara rUpa haMsatI huI kandarAoM se bakula puSpa kI gaMdha ke rUpa meM madirA kA Amoda phaila rahA hai, aise sahya parvata para (vIra, vAnara ) pahu~ca gaye / ( ojasvinI nAyikA kA udAharaNa ) pappuriauTThadalaaM takkhaNavigaliaruhi ramahuvicchDam | ukkhaDia kaNThaNAlaM paDiaM phuDadasaNakesaraM muhakamalam // (sa0 kaM0 4, 37 ) hilate hue oSTharUpI dala, tatkSaNa girate hue rudhira rUpI madhupravAha khaMDita kaMTha rUpI kamalanAla, aura sphuTa dA~ta rUpI kesara se yukta mukharUpI kamala nIce Dhuka gayA / ( rUpaka kA udAharaNa ) parivahaMti NisaMsa (ma) i maNDaliakusumAuhaM agaMgam / virahammi maNNai harINa he (?) aNatthapaDiuTThiaM va miaMkam // (sa0 kaM05, 145 ) apane kusumAyudha ko baTorakara kAmadeva mAno nizzaMka hokara lauTa rahA hai; fare kAla meM manohara lagane vAle nakhakSata, vyartha hI uThe hue candramA kI bhA~ti jAna par3a rahe haiM | parivaDUDhai vinANaM saMbhAvijjai jaso viDhappanti guNA / sugvai supurisacariaM kittaM jeNa na haranti kahAlAvA // ( kAvyA0 pR0 456, 613; setubaMdha 1, 10 ) yaza saMbhAvita hotA hai, guNoM kA arjana hotA isa prakAra kAvyakathA kI vaha kaunasI bAta hai usase vijJAna kI vRddhi hotI hai, hai, supuruSoM kA carita sunA jAtA hai, jo mana ko AkRSTa na karatI ho / paraM jonhA unhA garalasariso candaNaraso / khadakkhAro hAro malaapavaNA dehatavaNA // NAlI vANAlI jaladi a jaladdA taNuladA | variTThA jaM diTThA kamalavaaNA sA suNaaNA // (sa0 kaM0 2, 223, karpUramaM0 2,11 )

Page #762
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 757 jaba se usa kamalanayanI sundarI suvadanA ko dekhA hai taba se jyotsnA uSNa mAlUma dene lagI hai, candana kA rasa viSa ke samAna lagane lagA hai, hAra kSArayukta mAlUma detA hai, malaya kA pavana zarIra ko saMtapta karane lagA hai, mRNAla bANoM ke samAna mAlUma detA hai aura jala se AI zarIra tapane lagA hai| (padAnuprAsa kA udAharaNa) paliccale lambadazAkalAaM pAMvAlaaM zuttazadeNa chttN| maMzaM ca khAIM tuha oTikAhiM cakucakucukkucukuzcakuM ti|| __ (sa0 ke05, 406, mRcchakaTika 8, 21) are ! saikar3oM dhAgoM se banI laMbI kinArI vAlI cAdara ko svIkAra kara cukacuka karatI huI apane oThoM se yadi mAMsa khAne kI icchA hai to ... ....... (mAgadhI kI ukti) . pallaviaM via karapallavehiM papphulliaM via NaaNehiM / phaliaM vi a pINapaoharehiM ajAe lAvaNNaM ||(s0ke0 4, 90) AryA kA lAvaNya hastarUpI pallavoM se pallavita, nayanoM se praphullita aura pIna yayodharoM se phalita jAna par3atA hai| (samAdhi alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) pavaNuvelliasAhuli Thaesu ThiadaNDamaNDale uuruu| caDuAraaMpaImA hu putti ! jaNahAsaNaM kuNasu // (sa0kaM05,219) vAyu ke dvArA caMcala vastra ke A~cala meM daMDamaMDala kI bhA~ti dikhAI dene vAle jo tumhAre ( kampamAna ) uru haiM unheM tU nizcala kr| he putri! nahIM to tumhArA cATukArI pati upahAsa kA bhAjana hogA / (mAna ke pazcAt anurAga kA udAharaNa) pavisantI gharavAraM vivaliavaaNA viloiUNa paham / khadhe ghettUNa dhaDaM hAhA gaTTho tti ruasi sahi ! kiM ti // (kAvya0pra04,90) he sakhi ! kaMdhe para ghar3A rakkhe ghara ke dvAra meM praveza karatI huI rAste kI ora dekha kara tUne udhara hI A~kheM jamA lIM, aura jaba ghar3A phUTa gayA to phira hA-hA karake rotI hai ? (hetu alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) pahavanti ci purisA mahilANaM kiM khu suhaa ! vihiosi / aNurANolliAe . ko doso . AhijAIe // (sa.kaM05, 109) puruSa hI sAmarthyavAn hote haiM, he subhaga ! tuma to jAnate ho, mahilAoM ke saMbaMdha meM kyA kahA jAye ? anurAgase prerita kulIna mahilAoM kA isameM kyA doSa ? pAapaDaNANaM muddhe ! rahasavalAmoDicuMbiamvANam / dasaNamettapasijiri cukkA bahuANa sokkhaannN|| (sa0 ke05, 260, gA0 sa05, 65) apane priyatama ke darzana mAtra se prasanna huI he mugdhe ! tU ( manuhAra ke kAraNa) pAMva par3ane tathA jabardastI cumbana lene Adi aneka sukhoM se vaMcita hI raha gii|

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758 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pAaDiaM sohaggaM taMbAeu aha goThamajjhammi / duTThavisahassa siMge acchiuDaM kaNDaantIe // (sa0 ke 5, 12; gA0 sa05,60) dekho, goTha meM tAmravarNa kI gAya duSTa baila ke sIMga meM apanI A~kha ko khujalAtI huI apanA saubhAgya prakaTa kara rahI hai| pANauDI avi jaliUNa huavaho jalai jnnnnvaaddmmi| Na hu te pariharianvA visamadasAsaMThiA purisaa|| (sa0 kaM. 3, 85gA0 sa0327) madhupAna kI kuTiyA ko jalAkara agmi yajJavATikA ko bhI bhasma kara detI hai| viSamadazA meM sthita puruSoM ko tyAga denA ThIka nhiiN| (nidarzanA alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) pAapaDiaM ahavve kiM dANi Na uhavesi bhattAraM / evaM via avasANaM dUraM pi gaassa pemmassa // (zRMgAra0 46, 228; gA0 sa04,90) he abhavye ! kyA tU aba caraNoM meM gire hue apane pati ko nahIM uThAyegI ? kyA dUragata prema kA yahI anta hai ? pANiggahaNe cia pavvaIa NAaM sahIhiM sohaggam / pasuvaiNA vAsuikaMkaNammi osArie dUram // (sa0 ke0 5, 188; gA0 sa0 1, 69) pazupati ne apane vAsukirUpa kaMkaNa ko dUra haTA diyA, yaha dekhakara pANigrahaNa ke samaya hI pArvatI kI sakhiyoM ko usake saubhAgya kA patA laga gyaa| piaMdasaNeNa suharasamuulia jai se Na honti nnannaaii| tA keNa kaNNaraiaM lakkhijai kuvala tissA // (sa0 ke0 3, 127; gA0 sa0 4, 23) yadi usake nayana priyadarzana ke sukharasa se mukulita na hoM to usake kAno meM saje hue kamaloM kI ora kisakA dhyAna pahu~cegA ( isase nayanoM kA saundarya sUcita kiyA gayA hai)? (tadguNa, mIlita aura viveka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) pialaMbheNa paoso jAA diNNapphalA raisuheNa nnisaa| ANiavirahukkaMTho galai a NiviNNavammaho pnycuuso|| (zRGgAra0 21, 94) priya ko pAkara pradoSa ho gayA, rAtri meM ratisukha kA phala prApta huA aura aba viraha kI utkaMThA lAne vAlA khedakhinna kAmadeva se yukta prabhAta kAla bIta rahA hai| piasambharaNApalloTuMtavAhadhArANivAabhIAe / dijjai vaMkaggIvAi dIvao phiajaae|| (sa0 0 5, 204, gA0 sa03, 22)

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 759 priya ke smaraNa se bahatI huI azrudhArA ke girane ke bhaya se pathika kI patnI ne gardana Ter3hI karake use dIpaka pradAna kiyA (jisase usake azru netroM meM hI raha jAyeM, bAhara na aayeN)| pisuNenti kAmiNINaM jalalukkapiAvaUhaNasuhelliM / kaNDaiakavoluphullaNiJcalacchIiM vannaaii|| (sa0 ke05,318 gA0 sa06,54) (priya ke aMgasparza se) pulakita kapola tathA vikasita aura nizcala A~khoM vAlI kAminiyoM ke mukha jala meM chipe hue priya ke AliMgana-sukha kI krIr3A ko sUcita kara rahe haiM (jalakrIr3A kA varNana ) / pINathaNaesu kesaradohaladANummahIa nnivlnto| tuMgasiharaggapaDaNassa jaM phalaM taM tue pattaM // (sa0 kaM05, 307) he bakula ke puSpa ! kisI yuvatI ke madirA ke kulle se vikasita hokara usake pIna stanoM para gira kara tUne pahAr3a ke kisI U~ce zikhara se girane ke puNya ko prApta kiyA hai| pINapaoharalaggaM disANaM pavasantajalaasamaabiiNNam / sohaggapaDhamaiNhaM pammAai sarasaNahavaaM inddhnnN|| (sa0 ke04, 18 setubaMdha 1,24) pravAsa ko jAte samaya jaladarUpI (jar3atA pradAna karane vAle) nAyaka ne dizAoM ke megharUpI pIna payodharoM meM indradhanuSa ke rUpa meM prathama saubhAgya-cihna svarUpa jo suMdara nakhakSata (indradhanuSa ke pakSa meM sarasa AkAza-maMDala meM sthAnayukta) vitIrNa ( indradhanuSa ke pakSa meM jAte hue varSAkAla ke dvArA vitIrNa) kiye the ve aba adhika malina ho rahe haiN| (rUpaka kA udAharaNa) pINuttaNaduggejjhaM jassa bhuAantaNiThurapariggahi / rihassa visamavaliaM kaMThaM dukkheNa jIviaM volINaM / (sa0 ke03, 48, setu. baM01,3) (madhumathana kI) bhujAoM se niSThuratA se pakar3A gayA aura apanI moTAI ke kAraNa kaThinatA se pakar3e jAne yogya aisA ariSTAsura kA kaMTha Ter3hA karake maror3e jAne se kleza ke sAtha prANavihIna ho gyaa| (vyAhata kA udAharaNa) purisasarisaM tuha imaM rakkhasasarisaM knnisaaarvinnaa| kaha tA cintijaMtaM mahilAsarisaMNa saMpaDai me maraNaM // (sa0 ke05, 443, setu011, 105) tumhArA yaha (nidhana ) puruSoM ke sadRza hai aura rAvaNa ne rAkSasoM ke samAna hI kAma kiyA hai, kiMtu cintAmAtra se sulabha mahilAoM ke samAna merA maraNa kyoM siddha nahIM ho rahA hai ( yaha sItA kI ukti hai)? pulaaMjaNeti dahakandharassa rAhavasarA sriirmsi| jaNaasuAphaMsamahagdhavia karaalAadviavimukkA // *(sa0 ke05, 13)

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa janakasutA ke sparza se mAno bahumUlya bane, aura hAtha se khIMca kara chor3e hue rAmacandra ke bANa rAvaNa ke zarIra meM romAMca paidA kara rahe haiN| havI hohi paI bahupurisavisesacaJcalA rAasirI / kahatA mahacci imaM NIsAmaNNaM uvadviaM vehavvam // (sa0 kaM05, 269; setu0 760 11, 78 ) pRthvI kA anya koI pati hogA aura rAjyazrI aneka asAdhAraNa puruSoM ke viSaya meM caMcala rahatI hai, isa prakAra asAdhAraNa vaidhavya mere hI hisse meM par3A hai ( yaha sItA kI vilApokti hai ) / pecchai aladdhalakkhaM dIhaM NIsasai suNNaaM hasai 1 jaha jaMpai aphuDatthaM taha se hiaadviaM kiM vi // (sa0 kaM0 200; gA0 sa0 3,96 ) vaha niruddezya dRSTi se dekha rahI hai, dIrghazvAsa le rahI hai, zUnya mudrA se ha~sa rahI hai aura asaMbaddha pralApa kara rahI hai; usake mana meM kucha aura hI haiM / por3hamahilANa jaM suhaM sikkhiaM taM rae suhAvei / jaM jaM asikkhiaM navavaDUNa taM taM raI dei // ( sa0 kaM0 3, 56 5, 223, kAvyA0 pR0 395, 655 ) ratikrIr3A ke samaya praur3ha mahilAoM ne jo kucha sIkhA hai vaha sukha detA hai, aura navor3hAoM ne jo nahIM sIkhA vaha sukhadAyI hai| (uttara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) paMthiya ! na ettha sattharamatthi maNaM pattharatthale gAye / unnayapaharaM pekkhiUNa jai vasasi tA vasasu // ( dhanyA0 2, 155, kAvyaprakAza 4, 58; sAhitya0 pR0 247 ) he pathika ! isa patharIle gA~va meM sone ke liye tumheM kahIM vistara nahIM milegA, hA~ yadi unnata payodharaM ( stana; megha ) dekhakara ThaharanA cAho to Thahara jAo / ( zabdazakti mUlavyaJjanA kA udAharaNa ) paMthi ! pipAsio via lacchIasi jAsi tA kimaNNatto / Na maNaM vi vArao idha asthi ghare vaNarasaM piantANaM // (sAhitya0 pR0 154 ) he pathika ! tU pyAsA jaisA mAlUma hotA hai, anyatra kahA~ jA rahA hai ? yahA~ ghara meM jI bhara kara rasa pIne vAloM ko koI bilakula bhI rokane vAlA nahIM hai / phullukkaraM kalamakUrasamaM vahanti, je siMduvAraviDavA maha vallahA te / je gAlidassa mahisIdahiNo saricchA te kiMpi muddhaviyallapasUNapuJja // ( kAvyA0 pR0 227, 288; kAvyapra0 7, 309; karpUramaJjarI 1 0 19 ) ve siMdhuvAra ke vRkSa mujhe kitane priya lagate haiM jo kalama dhAna ke samAna puSpoM se bhare hue haiM, aura ve mallikA ke puSpapuMja bhI kitane pyAre lagate haiM jo jamAye bhaiMsa ke dahI ke samAna jAna par3ate haiM / ( grAmyatva guNa kA udAharaNa )

Page #766
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 761 / vahalatamA hayarAI aja pauttho paI gharaM sunnaM / taha jaggija sayajjhaya! na jahA amhe musijjaamo|| (kAvyA0 pR0 53, 15; gA0 sa04, 35) abhAgI rAta ghora aMdhakAramaya hai, pati Aja paradeza gayA hai, ghara sUnA par3A hai| he par3osina ! tU jAgate rahanA jisase ghara meM corI na ho jAye ! (nAyikA ke par3osa meM rahane vAle upapati ke prati yaha ukti hai|) bahuvallahassa jA hoi vallahA kaha vi pnycdiahaaii| sA kiM chaTheM maggai katto mihaM ca bahuaM ca // (sa0 ke05, 446, gA0sa0 1,72) jo aneka striyoM kA priya hai usakA prema kisI vallabhA para adhika se adhika pA~ca dina taka ho sakatA hai / kyA vaha vallabhA usase chaThe dina kA (prema) mAMga sakatI / hai ? ThIka hai, mIThI cIja bahuta nahIM miltii| (samuccaya alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) bAlaa! NAhaM dUtI tua piosi ttiNa maha vaavaaro| . sA marai tujjha aaso eaM dhammakkharaM bhnnimo|| (sAhitya0 pR0790, alaMkArasarvasva 115) he nAdAna ! maiM dUtI nahIM huuN| tuma usake priya ho, isaliye bhI merA udyama nahIM hai| maiM kevala yahI dharmAkSara kahane AI hU~ ki vaha mara jAyegI aura tuma apayaza ke bhAgI hoge| bAlattaNadullaliAe ajja agajaM kiM a NavavahUe / bhAAmi ghare eAiNi tti Nito paI ruddho|| (sa0 ke0 5, 384) bAlatva ke kAraNa durlalita navavadhU ne. Aja anAryoMcita kArya kiyaa| usane yaha kaha kara jAte hue pati ko roka diyA ki mujha akelI ko ghara meM Dara lagatA hai / (pariNIta Ur3hA kA udAharaNa) bhaI bhodu sarassaIa kaiNo nandantu vaasaainno| aNNANAMpa paraM paadRdu varA vANI chilppiyaa| vacchobhI taha mAahI phuradu No sA ki a pNcaaliaa| rIdiyo vilahantu kavvakusalA joNhaM caorA viva / / . (sa0 kaM0 2, 385; karpUra0 1-1) sarasvatI kA kalyANa ho, vyAsa Adi kavi AnaMdita hoM, kuzala janoM ke liye zreSTha vANI dUsaroM ke liye bhI pravRtta ho, vaidI aura mAgadhI hama meM sphurAyamAna ho, tathA jaise cakora jyotsnA ko cAhatA hai vaise hI kAvyakuzala loga pAMcAlikA rIti kA prayoga kreN| bhama dhammiya ! vIsattho so suNao. ajja mArio tenn|. golANaikacchakuDaMgavAsinA dariyasIheNa // (kAvyA0 pR0 47, 13; sAhitya pR0 242, dhvanyA0 u01 pR0 19; kAvyaprakAza 5, 138rasa gaM0 1pR015, gA0 sa02, 750 dazarUpaka pra04 pR0228)

Page #767
760 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa janakasutA ke sparza se mAno bahumUlya bane, aura hAtha se khIMca kara chor3e hue rAmacandra ke bANa rAvaNa ke zarIra meM romAMca paidA kara rahe haiN| puhavIa hohii paI vahupurisavisesacaJcalA raaasirii| kaha tA mahacciA imaM NIsAmaNNaM uvaTThiaM vehanbam // (sa0 ke0 5, 269; setu0 11, 78) pRthvI kA anya koI pati hogA aura rAjyazrI aneka asAdhAraNa puruSoM ke viSaya meM caMcala rahatI hai, isa prakAra asAdhAraNa vaidhavya mere hI hisse meM par3A hai (yaha sItA kI vilApokti hai)| pecchai aladdhalakkhaM dIhaM NIsasai suNNaaM hasai / jaha jaMpai aphuDatthaM taha se hiaadviaM kiM vi|| (sa0 kaM0 200, gA0 sa03, 96) vaha niruddezya dRSTi se dekha rahI hai, dIrghazvAsa le rahI hai, zUnya mudrA se haMsa rahI hai aura asaMbaddha pralApa kara rahI hai| usake mana meM kucha aura hI hai| por3hamahilANa jaM suTaM sikkhiraM taM rae suhaavei| jaM jaM asikkhi navavahUNa taM taM raI dei // (sa0 ke0 3, 56, 5, 223; kAvyA0 pR0 395, 655) ratikrIr3A ke samaya praur3ha mahilAoM ne jo kucha sIkhA hai vaha sukha detA hai, aura navor3hAoM ne jo nahIM sIkhA vaha sukhadAyI hai / (uttara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) paMthiya ! na ettha sattharamatthi maNaM pattharasthale gaame| unnayapaoharaM pekkhiUNa jai vasasi tA vssu|| (dhanyA0 2, 155, kAvyaprakAza 4, 58, sAhitya pR0 247) he pathika ! isa patharIle gA~va meM sone ke liye tumheM kahIM vistara nahIM milegA, hA~ yadi unnata payodhara (stana: megha) dekhakara ThaharanA cAho to Thahara jaao| - (zabdazakti mUlavyaJjanA kA udAharaNa) paMthia ! pipAsio via lacchIasi jAsi tA kimnnnntto| Na maNaM vi vArao idha asthi ghare ghaNarasaM piantaannN|| (sAhitya pR0 154) he pathika ! tU pyAsA jaisA mAlUma hotA hai, anyatra kahA~ jA rahA hai ? yahA~ ghara meM jI bhara kara rasa pIne vAloM ko koI bilakula bhI rokane vAlA nahIM hai| phullukkaraM kalamakUrasamaM vahanti, je siMduvAraviDavA maha vallahA te / je gAlidassa mahisIdahiNo saricchA te kiMpi muddhviyillpsuunnpunyjaa|| (kAvyA0 pR0 227, 288; kAvyapra07, 309; karpUramaJjarI 1 zlo019) ve siMdhuvAra ke vRkSa mujhe kitane priya lagate haiM jo kalama dhAna ke samAna puSpoM se bhare hue haiM, aura ve malliMkA ke puSpapuMja bhI kitane pyAre lagate haiM jo jamAye huye bhaiMsa ke dahI ke samAna jAna par3ate haiM / (grAmyatva guNa kA udAharaNa ) /

Page #768
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI vahalatamA hayarAI aja pauttho paI gharaM sunnaM / taha jaggija sayajjhaya ! na jahA amhe musijAmo // ( kAvyA0 pR0 53, 15; gA0 sa04, 35 ) abhAgI rAta ghora aMdhakAramaya hai, pati Aja paradeza gayA hai, ghara sUnA par3A hai / par3osina ! tU jAgate rahanA jisase ghara meM corI na ho jAye ! ( nAyikA ke par3osa meM rahane vAle upapati ke prati yaha ukti hai / ) bahuvallahassa jA hoi vallahA kaha vi paJcadiahAI / sA kiM chaTaM maggai katto miTuM ca bahuaM ca // 761 ( sa0 kaM0 5, 446; gA0 sa0 1,72 ) jo aneka striyoM kA priya hai usakA prema kisI vallabhA para adhika se adhika pA~ca dina taka ho sakatA hai / kyA vaha vallabhA usase chaThe dina kA (prema) mAMga sakatI hai ? ThIka hai, mIThI cIja bahuta nahIM milatI / ( samuccaya alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) bAla ! NAhaM dUtI tua piosi tti Na maha vAvAro / sA marai tujjha aaso eaM dhammakkharaM bhaNimo // ( sAhitya0 pR0 790; alaMkAra sarvasva 115 ) he nAdAna ! maiM dUtI nahIM hU~ / tuma usake priya ho, isaliye bhI merA udyama nahIM hai / maiM kevala yahI dharmAkSara kahane AI hU~ ki vaha mara jAyegI aura tuma apayaza ke bhAgI hoge / bAlattaNadullaliAe ajja agajjaM kiM a NavavahUe / bhAAmi ghare eAiNi tti rNito paI ruddho // (sa0kaM05, 384) bAlatva ke kAraNa durlalita navavadhU ne Aja anAryocita kArya kiyA / usane yaha kaha kara jAte hue pati ko roka diyA ki mujha akelI ko ghara meM Dara lagatA hai / (pariNIta Ur3hA kA udAharaNa ) bha bhodu sarassaI kaiNo nandantu vAsAiNo / aNNApi paraM padu varA vANI chaillappiyA // cchobhI taha mAhI phuradu No sA kiM a paMcAliA / rIdiyo vilahantu kavakusalA johaM caorA viva // (sa0 kaM0 2, 385 karpUra0 1-1 ) sarasvatI kA kalyANa ho, vyAsa Adi kavi AnaMdita hoM, kuzala janoM ke liye zreSTha vANI dUsaroM ke liye bhI pravRtta ho, vaidarbhI aura mAgadhI hama meM sphurAyamAna ho, tathA jaise cakora jyotsnA ko cAhatA hai vaise hI kAvyakuzala loga pAMcAlikA rIti kA prayoga kreN| bhama dhammiya ! vIsatyo so suNao. ajja mArio teNa / . golAikacchukuDaMgavAsinA dariyasIheNa // ( kAvyA0 pR0 47, 13; sAhitya pR0 242; dhvanyA0 u0 1 pR0 19; kAvyaprakAza 5, 138; rasa gaM0 1 pR0 15; gA0 sa02, 75 dazarUpaka pra0 4 pR0 228

Page #769
762 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa __he dhArmika ! godAvarI nadI ke kinAre nikuMja meM rahane vAle vikarAla siMha ne * usa kutte ko mAra DAlA hai, isaliye aba tU nizcinta hokara bhramaNa kara ! (vyaMjanA kA udAharaNa) bharimo sa saaNaparammuhIa vialntmaannpsraae| kaiavasuttunvattaNathaNaharapellaNasuhellim // (sa0 ke05, 238 gA0 sa04.68) (mAna ke kAraNa ) vaha vistara para mu~ha phirA kara leTa gaI (tatpazcAt anurAga kI utkaMThA se ) usakA mana zAnta hone lgaa| aise samaya vahAnA banA kara soye hue mujhe usane ekAeka karavaTa lekara apane stanakalaza ke mardana se jo sukha diyA vaha Aja taka smaraNa hai| (vicitra kSepaka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) bhiuDIa puloissaM NibbhacchissaM parammuhI hossam / jaM bhaNaha taM karissaM sahio jai taM Na pecchissam // (sa0ke05,239) maiM bhauM car3hA kara dekhUgI, usakI bhartsanA karUMgI, usase mu~ha phirA lUMgI, he sakhiyo ! jo kahogI vaha karU~gI bazarte ki use na dekhU / bhisaNIalasaaNIe nihi savvaM suNiJcalaM aNgN| dIho NIsAsaharo eso sAhei joaitti paraM // - (sAhitya0, pR0 190) kamala dala kI zayyA para usa virahiNI kA nizcala aGga rakha diyA gayA hai, usakA dIrgha nizvAsa batA rahA hai ki vaha abhI jIvita hai| maavahaNimittaNiggaamaiMdasuNNaM guhaM NieUga / laddhAvasaro gahiUNa mottiAI gao vAho // (sa0 ke0 2, 389) mRga ko mArane ke liye gaye hue. mRgendra se zUnya guphA ko dekha, avasara pAkara motiyoM ko letA huA zikArI vahA~ se calA gyaa| maggialaddhammi balAmoDiacaMvie appaNA a uvaNamie / ekammi piAharae apaNoNNA honti rsbheaa|| (alaGkAra067) icchA karane se prApta, balapUrvaka cumbita tathA svayaM jhuke hue aise priyA ke eka hI adharoSTha meM aneka rasabheda hote haiN| majjhaTiadharaNiharaM jhijai a samuhamaNDalaM ujvelN| rairahaveavialiaMpaDiaMvia ukkhaDakkhakoDi cakaM // (sa0 ke04, 175) madhya meM mandara parvata hone ke kAraNa jisakA jala bAhara nikalane lagA hai tathA sUrya ke vega se udbhaTa akSakoTi vAlA cakra mAnoM gira par3A hai, aisA samudramaMDala kSaya ko prApta hotA hai| (parikara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) majjhaNNapasthiassa vi gimhe pahiassa harai santAvam / hiabhaTThiajAAmuhamiaMkajoNhAjalappavaho // (sa0 ke05, 205; gA0 sa04, 99)

Page #770
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 763 hRdaya meM sthita priyA ke mukha rUpI jyotsnA kA jalapravAha grISma ke madhyAhnakAla meM prasthAna karane vAle pathika ke saMtApa ko dUra karatA hai| . majjha paiNNA esA bhaNAmi hiaeNa jaM mahasi daTTham / ____taM te dAvemi phuDaM guruNo mantappahAveNa // (dazarUpaka pra01,51, ratnAvali 4,9) merI yaha pratijJA hai, maiM hRdaya se kahatA hU~, jo kucha Apa dekhanA cAheM, guru ke maMtra ke prabhAva se maiM Apako dikhA sakatA huuN| ( kAlabhairava kI ukti) masiNavasaNANa kaaveNiANa aapNddugNddvaasaannN| pupphabaiANa kAmo aMgesu kaAuho vsi|| (zRMgAra027, 13.) malina basnavAlI, vegIvAlI aura pANDu kapolavAlI aisI rajasvalA striyoM meM kAmadeva Ayudha ke sAtha sajjita rahatA hai| maha desu rasaM dhamme tamavasamAsaM gmaagmaahrnne| harabaha ! saraNaM taM cittamohamavasarau me shsaa|| (kAvya0pra09,372, sAhitya 10) he gauri ! tumhI eka mAtra zaraNa ho, dharma meM merI prIti utpanna karo, mere gamanAgamana (janma-maraNa ) kI tAmasI pravRtti kA nAza karo, aura mere citta ke moha ko zIghra hI dUra karo / (bhASAzleSa kA udAharaNa ) mahamahainti bhaNintau vaccaDa kAlo jaNassa tei| Na deo jaNahaNo goaro hodi maNaso mhmhnno|| (dhvanyA0 u04 pR0,648) 'merA'-'merA' kahate-kahate manuSya kA sArA jIvana bIta jAtA hai, lekina hRdaya meM madhumathana janArdana kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotaa| mahilAsahassabharie tuha hiae suhaya ! sA amaayntii| aNudiNamaNaNNakammA aMgaM taNuaM pi taNuei // (dhvanyA0 u02, pR0 186, kAvyA0 pR0 155, 177, alaMkArasarvasva 60, sAhitya pR0 256, gA0 sa0 za02, 82) he subhaga! hajAroM sundariyoM se pUrNa tumhAre isa hRdaya meM na samA sakane ke kAraNa vaha ananyakarmA pratidina apanI durbala deha ko aura bhI kSINa banA rahI hai| (artha zakti-udbhava dhvani kA udAharaNa) maha(1) ehi kiM NivAlabha harasi NiaMbAu jai vi me sicayam / sAhemi kassa sundara! dUre gAmo ahaM ekA // (kAvyA0 pR054, 17, dazarUpaka 2 pR0 118) he nigor3I vAyu ! tuma bAra-bAra Akara nitaMba se mere anala ko haTA detI ho, phira bhI he suMdara ! maiM kise prasanna karU~, gA~va dUra hai aura maiM akelI huuN| mAe ! gharovaaraNaM aja hu Natthi tti sAhiaM tume| tA bhaNa kiM karaNijja emea Na vAsaro tthaai|| (kAnya0 pra02,6)

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764 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa he mA~ ! tumhIM ne to kahA thA Aja ghara meM sAmAna nahIM hai, isaliye batA ki maiM kyA karU~ ? dina DhalatA jA rahA hai ( yahA~ nAyikA ke svairavihAra kI icchA sUcita hotI hai)| (vAcyarUpa artha kI vyaMjanA kA udAharaNa) mANadumaparusapavaNassa mAmi ! svvNgnnivvudiarss| uvaUhaNassa bhaI raiNADaapuvvaraMgassa // (sa0 ke0 5215; gA0 sa0 4,44) he mAmI ! mAnarUpI vRkSa ke liye kaThora pavana, samasta aGga ko mukhakAraka aura ratirUpI nATaka ke pUrvaraGga aise AliGgana kA kalyANa ho / (rUpaka kA udAharaNa) mA paMtha ruMdha mahaM avehi bAlaya! aho si ahiriio| amhe aNirikAo suNNaharaM rakkhiyadhvaM nno|| (kAnya0 pR084, 82, dhvanyA03, pR0 332) he nAdAna ! merA rAstA mata roka, dUra haTa, tU kitanA nirlajja mAlUma detA hai ! maiM parAdhIna hU~ aura apane zUnya gRha kI mujhe rakSA karanI hai| mAmi ! hia va pIaM teNa juANeNa majamANAe / NhANahalihAkaDuaM aNusottajalaM vianteNa // (sa0 ke0 5, 257; gA0 sa0 3, 46) he mAmI ! mere snAna karate samaya pravAha meM bahane vAle mere khAna kI haldI se kaDue jala kA pAna karane vAle usa yuvaka ne mAno mere hRdaya kA hI pAna kara liyaa| (tadguNa alaMkAra kA udAhaNa) muNDaiAcuNNakasAasAhiaM pANaNAvaNaviiNNam / telaM paliathaNINaM vi kuNei pINuNNae thaNae // (sa0 kaM03, 162) gorakhamuMDI ke cUrNa ke kAr3he ke dvArA taiyAra kiyA huA aura jala ke nasya se yukta tela laghu stanavAlI nAyikAoM ke stanoM ko bhI pIna aura unnata banA detA hai / (kAmya kA udAharaNa) muNDasire boraphalaM borovari boraaM thiraM dhrsi| viggucchAai appA NAli acheA chalijanti // (alaMkAra0 pR.83) se muMDita sira para vera rakha kara usa bera ke Upara dUsarA bera ragbanA saMbhava nahIM, usI prakAra apane Apako chipAye hue dhUna puruSoM ko chalanA saMbhava nhiiN| muddhe ! gahaNa geNhau taM dhari mudaM Nie hnthe| Nicchau sundari ! tuha uvari mama suraappahA asthi // (sa0 ke 2, 2) he mugdhe ! apanI phIsa le le, tR. igna mudrA ko apane hAtha meM ragba / he sundari ! nizcaya hI tumase mugna-vyavahAra karanA cAhatA hU~ / (apabhraSTA nAyikA kA udAharaNa)

Page #772
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 765 muhapecchao paI se sA vi hu piaruuadNsnnummiaa| do vi kaatthA puhaviM apurisamahilaM ti maNNanti // (sa0 kaM0 5, 280; gA0 sa0 5,98) mukha ko dekhate rahanevAlA pati aura pati ke sundara rUpa dekhane meM unmatta patnI ye donoM hI bar3abhAgI haiM aura ve samajhate haiM ki isa pRthvI para vaisA aura koI puruSa aura strI nahIM hai| muhavijjhAviapaIvaM UsasiaNiruddhasaMkiullAvaM / savahasaarakkhioDheM coriaramiaM suhaavei|| (zRMgAra0 54,27 gA0sa04,33) jisameM dIpaka ko mu~ha se bujhA diyA hai, ucchvAsa aura zaMkita ullApa banda kara diyA hai, saikar3oM zapatha dekara oTha ko surakSita rakkhA hai, aisA corI-corI ramaNa kitanA sukha detA hai! .. mohavirame sarosaM thoratthaNamaNDale suravahaNam / jega karikumbhasaMbhAvaNAi dichI parihaviA // (sa0 ke0 3, 108) moha ke zAnta hone para jisane roSapUrvaka hAthiyoM ke gaNDasthala kI saMbhAvanA se suravadhuoM ke sthUla stanamaMDala para dRSTi sthApita kii| (bhrAMti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) maMgalavala jI va rakkhiraM jaM putthviaai| pattapiadaMsaNUsasiabAhulaiAiM taM bhiNNam // (sa0 ke0 5. 190) proSitapatikA ne jisa maMgalakaMkaNa kI apane jIvana kI bhAMti rakSA kI thI vaha priya ke darzana se ucchavasita bAhuoM meM pahanA jAkara TUTa gayA ! maMtesi mahamahapaNa sandANesi tidasesapAavaraaNam / oja(ujjha)su muddhasahAvaM sambhAvesu suraNAha! jAavaloam // (sa0ke04, 235) he indra ! yadi tU kRSNa ke prati prema svIkAra karatA hai to devoM ko pArijAta dene meM apane mugdha svabhAva kA tyAga kara, aura yAdavoM ko prasanna kr|| (bhAvika alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) raiamuNAlAharaNo nnlinnidltthiapiivrtthnnalso| vahai piasaMgamammivi maaNAappappasAhaNaM juvijnno|| (sa0 ke04, 191) jinhoMne mRNAla ko AbhUSaNa banAyA hai aura kamaliniyoM ke pattoM se pIna stanakalaza ko AvRta kiyA hai, aisI yuvatiyA~ priya ke saGgama ke samaya bhI kAmadeva kI utkaMThA ke liye alaGkAra dhAraNa karatI hai| (parikara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa )

Page #773
766 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa raiarakesaraNivahaM sohai dhavalabbhadalasahassa parigaam / mahumahadaMsaNajogaM piAmahuppattipaMkaaM va Nahaalam // (sa0 kaM0 4, 45 setu0 baM0 3,17 ) sUrya kI kiraNarUpI kesara ke samUhavAlA, dhaMta medharUpI sahasradala vAlA aura feSNu ke darzana yogya ( zaradkAla meM viSNu jAgaraNa karate haiM aura AkAza ramaNIya dikhAI detA hai ) aisA AkAzamaMDala brahmAjI ke utpatti-kamala ke samAna zobhita ho rahA hai / (rUpaka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) iaM pitA sohai raddajoggaM kAmiNINa chuNaNevacchaM / kaNNe raijai kavolaghoNantasahaAraM // jA Na (sa0kaM0 5,306 ) kAminiyoM ke ratiyogya utsava ke avasara para dhAraNa kI huI vezabhUSA taba taka zobhita nahIM hotI jabataka ki ve kAnoM meM kapoloM taka jhUlatI huI AmramaarI nahIM dhAraNa karatIM / raikeli hiya niyaMsaNa kara kisalayaruddha nayaNajuyalassa / rUsa taiyanayaNaM pavvai paricuviyaM jayai // ( kAvyA0 pR0 87, 92; gA0 sa05, 55; kAvya pra0 4, 97 ) ratikrIr3A ke samaya mahAdeva jI dvArA pArvatI ke nirvastra kara diye jAne para pArvatI ne apane karakamaloM se mahAdevajI kI donoM A~kheM banda kara diiN| (tatpazcAt mahAdeva apane tRtIya netra se pArvatI ko dekhane lage ) / pArvatI ne unake isa tRtIya netra kA cumbana le liyA, isa netra kI vijaya ho ! raviggahammi kuNThIkaAo dhArAo pemmakhaggassa / aNNamaAIM vva sijjhanti (? khijanti ) mANasAI gAi mihuNANam // (sa0 kaM0 5, 193 ) surata yuddha ke samaya premarUpI khaDga kI dhAra kuMThita ho jAne se mAnoM eka dUsare se pRthak ho gaye haiM aise kAma mithuna ke hRdaya kheda ko prApta hote haiM / ( mAna kA udAharaNa ) raNadujjao dahamuho surA avajjhA a tihuaNassa ime / paDa atthoti phuDaM vihIsaNeNa phur3iAharaM NIsasiaM // (sa0 kaM0 4, 225 ) rAvaNa yuddha meM durjaya hai, aura devatAoM kA vadha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isaliye tribhuvana ke liye bar3A saMkaTa upasthita ho gayA hai, yaha jAnakara vibhISaNa ne apane sphuTita adhara dvArA zvAsa liyA / ( atizayokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) ratuppaladalasohA tIa vi casaammi surahivAruNIbharie / aribehiM maharA paDimA paDiehiM lobhaNehiM lahuiA // (sa0 kaM0 4, 62 ) sugaMdhita vAruNI se bhare hue pAnapAtra meM kisI nAyikA ke mada se rakta hue netroM

Page #774
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 767 kA pratibiMba par3a rahA thA, jisase suMdara rakta kamaladala kI zobhA usake sAmane phIkI par3a gaI hai / ( sAmya alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) ramiUNa paimmi gae jAhe avaUhi pddinivutto| ahahaM pautthapaianca takkhaNaM so pavAsiva // (sa0 kaM0 5, 242, gA0 sa0 1, 98) ramaNa karane ke pazcAt pati pravAsa ko calA gayA, lekina kucha samaya bAda AliMgana karane ke liye vaha phira lauTa kara aayaa| isa bIca meM usI kSaNa maiM proSitabhartRkA aura vaha pravAsI bana gayA ! rAIsu caMdadhavalAsu laliamapphAliUNa jo cAvam / ekacchattaM via kuNai bhuaNarajaM vijNbhNto|| (kAvya0pra04.84) candramA se zveta huI rAtoM meM kAmadeva apane dhanuSa kI TaMkAra dvArA sAre saMsAra ke rAjya ko mAnoM ekachatra sAmrAjya banA kara vicaraNa karatA huA dikhAI dene lagatA hai / ( arthazakti mUla dhvani kA udAharaNa) rehai piaprirNbhnnpsaariaNsuramndirddaare| helAhalahaliathorathaNaharaM bhualaAjualaM ||(s.kN. 5,164) apane priya kA AliMgana karane ke liye phailAyI huI, aura vega se kautUhala ko prApta sthUla stanabhAra se yukta ( nAyikA kI) donoM bhujAyeM suratamaMdira ke dvAra para zobhita ho rahI haiM / (helA kA udAharaNa) rehai mihireNa NahaM raseNa kavvaM sareNa jovvaNaam / amaeNa dhuNIdhavao tumae NaraNAha! bhuvaNamiNam // (alaGkAra0 pR074) sUrya se AkAza, rasa se kAvya, kAmadeva se yauvana, amRta se samudra aura he naranAtha ! tumase yaha bhuvana zobhita hotA hai| raMDA caNDA dikkhidA dhammadArA majaM maMsaM pijae khajae a| bhikkhA bhojaM cammakhaNDe ca sejA kolo dhammo kassa No hoi rammo // (dazarUpaka pra02 pR0 151; karpUramaMjarI 1, 23) jahA~ caMDa raMDAe~ dIkSita ho kara dharmapaliyA~ banatI haiM, madya-pAna aura mAMsabhakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai, bhikSA dvArA bhojana prApta kiyA jAtA hai, aura sone ke liye carma kI zayyA hotI hai, aisA kauladharma kise priya na hogA ? raMdhaNakammaNiuNie mA jUrasu rattapADalasuandham / 'muhamAru pianto dhUmAi sihI Na pajjalai // (sa0ke05, 91, gA0sa01,14) rasoI banAne meM nipuNa nAyikA para gussA mata ho| raktapATala kI sugandhi usake mukha kI vAyu kA pAna karake dhUma vana jAtI hai, isaliye Aga nahIM jalatI (isaliye vaha vicArI lAcAra hai)!

Page #775
768 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa lacchI duhidA jAmAuo harI taMma ghariNiA gNgaa| amiamiaMkA asuA aho kuTumvaM mhoahinno|| (dhvanyA0 u0 3, pR0 499) __samudra kI lakSmI kanyA hai, viSNu dAmAda haiM, gaMgA usakI patnI hai, amRta aura candramA putra haiM, samudra kA kitanA bar3A kuTumba-kabIlA hai ! (parikara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) lajjA cattA sIlaM ca khaMDiaM ajasaghosaNA diNNA / jassa kaeNaM piasahi ! so ccea jaNo jaNo jaao| (zRGgAra0 43, 213; gA0 sa06, 24) jisake kAraNa lajjA tyAga dI, zIla khaMDita kara diyA, aura apayaza milA, he priyasakhi ! vahI jana aba dUsare kA ho gayA ! lajApajattapasAhaNAI prbhttinnippivaasaaiN| aviNaadummedhAiM dhaNNANa ghare kalattAI // (sAhitya pR0 111; dazarUpaka pra02, pR0 96) bhAgyazAlI vyaktiyoM ke gharoM kI striyA~ paryApta lajjA vAlI hotI haiM, para puruSa kI icchA ve nahIM rakhatIM aura vinayazIla hotI haiN| lahiUNa tujjha bAhupphaMsaM jIeM sa kovi ullaaso| jaalacchI tuha virahe hUjalA dubbalA NaM saa|| (kAnya010, 434) tumhArI bhujAoM kA sparza pAkara jisake hRdaya meM kabhI eka apUrva ullAsa paidA hotA thA, vaha ujvala jayalakSmI tumhAre viraha meM kitanI durbala hotI jA rahI hai ! (samAsokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) lIlAio NiasaNe rakkhiu taM rAhiAi thnnvtthe| hariNo paDhamasamAgamasajjhasavasarehiM veviro httho|| (sa0 ke0 5, 235) rAdhikA ke stanoM para prathama samAgama ke samaya bhaya se kampanazIla aura usake vastra para krIr3A karane vAlA aisA kRSNa kA hAtha terI rakSA kare ! lIlAdAdagguvUr3hasayalamahimaNDalassa cia aja / kIsamuNAlAharaNaM pi tujjha guruAi aNgmmi|| (kAnyA0 pR081, 151) jisane lIlA se apanI dAr3ha ke agra bhAga se samasta pRthvImaMDala ko Upara uThA liyA hai ( varAha avatAra dhAraNa karane ke samaya ), pese tumhAre zarIra meM kamalanAla kA AbharaNa bhI kyoM bhArI mAlUma de rahA hai ? vajaya' meM pAMcajanya kI ukti) luliA gahavaidhUA diNNaM va phalaM javehiM svisesN| ehi aNivAriameva gohaNaM carau chettammi // (sa0 ke0 5, 299)

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 769 jau ke kheta meM khUba acchI phasala huI hai isaliye gRhapati kI putrI caMcala ho uThI hai| aba gAyeM kheta meM binA kisI roka-Toka ke cara skeNgii| loo jUrai jUrau vaaNijja hoi, hou taM NAma / ehi ! Nimajasu pAse pupphavaha! Na ei me nihaa|| (sa0ke05, 167, gA0sa06, 29) logoM ko burA lagatA ho to lage, yaha nindha ho to ho, he puSpavatI! Akara mere pAsa so jA, mujhe nIMda nahIM A rahI hai|' vaivivaraNiggaadalo eraNDo sAhaibva taruNANam / ettha ghare haliavahU eihamettatthI vasai // (sa.603, 166, gA0sa03, 57) bAr3a ke chidra meM se jisake patte bAhara nikala rahe haiM aisA eraNDa kA vRkSa taruNa janoM ko ghoSita kara kaha rahA hai ki ina patroM kI bhA~ti vizAla stanavAlI halavAhe kI vadhU isa ghara meM vAsa karatI hai / ( abhinaya alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) vacca mahaM cia ekAe hoMtu niisaasroiavvaaii| mA tujjha vi tIe viNA dakkhiNNahayassa jAyaMtu // kAvyA0 pR056, 23, dhvanyA01pR021) he priya ! tuma usake pAsa jaao| maiM akelI tumhAre viraha meM zvAsa chor3atI huI azrupAta karU~ yaha acchA hai, lekina usake viraha meM tumhAre dAkSiNya kA naSTa honA ThIka nahIM / (vidhyAbhAsa alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) vaNarAikesahatthA kusumAuhasurahisaMcarantaghaavaDA / sasiaramahattamehA tamapaDihatthA viNetti dhuumuppiiddaa|| (sa0ke04,42) vanapaMkti ke kezakalApa, kAmadeva kI sugaMdhita caMcala dhvajA kA paTa, candramA kI kiraNoM ko muhUrta bhara ke liye AcchAdita karanevAlA megha tathA aMdhakAra ke pratinidhi kI bhA~ti dhUmasamUha zobhAyamAna ho rahA hai| (rUpaka alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) vaNNasi eva viatthasi saJcaM via so tue Na sNbhvio| Na hu honti tammi diTe sutthAvatthAI aMgAI // (gA0 sa05, 78; kAvyA0, pR0390, 562) kevala usake guNa suna kara usake vaza meM ho jAne vAlI ! tUne use dekhA hai, isakI tU vyartha hI zekhI mAratI hai| yadi tUne use sacamuca dekhA hotA to terA zarIra svastha rahane vAlA nahIM thaa| ( anumAna alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) 1. milAiye-soevA para vAriA puSphabaIhiM samANu / jagge vA puNu ko dharai jai so veu pamANu / / (hemacandra, prAkRtavyAkaraNa 8, 4, 438) -puSpavatiyoM ke sAtha sonA manA hai, lekina unake sAtha jAgane ko kauna rokatA hai, yadi veda pramANa hai| 49 prA0 sA0

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vavasAaraippaoso rogainda disaMkhalA paDivandho / kaha kaha vi dAsarahiNo jayakesaripaJjaro gae areas || (sa0 kaM0 4, 29; se0 caM0 14 ) rAma ke udyama rUpI sUrya ke liye rAtri ke samAna, unake ropa rUpI mahAgaja ke liye dRr3ha zrRMkhalAbaMdha ke samAna, tathA unake vijaya rUpI siMha ke liye piMjar3e ke samAna varSAkAla kisI prakAra vyatIta huA / ( rUpaka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) 770 vavasiNiveiattho so mAruiladdhapaJcaAgaaharisaM / suggIveNa uratthalavaNamAlAmaliamahuaraM uvaUDho // (sa0 kaM0 4, 171 ) jisane saMkalpa ke artha kA nivedana kiyA hai aise (vibhISaNa) kA hanumAna dvArA vizvAsa prApta karane para harSita hue, tathA vakSaHsthala meM pahanI huI vanamAlA ke bhramaroM kA mardana kara sugrIva ne AliMgana kiyA / ( parikara alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) vaggaNA karo me do tti pugo puNo cia kahei / hAliasuA maliacchusadohalI pAmarajuANe // (sa0kaM0 5,316 ) 'bujhI huI Aga se merA hAtha jala gayA' - isa prakAra pAmara yuvA dvArA kRSakakanyA ko bAra-bAra saMbodhita kiye jAne para usakA dohadra dalita ho gayA / vANiaya ! hatthidaMtA kutto amhANa vagdhakittIo / jAva luliyAlayamuhI gharaMmi parisakkae suNhA // dr ( dhvanyA0 u0 3 pR0 242; kAvyA0 pR0 63, 37; kAvya pra0 10, 528 ) he vaNika ! hamAre ghara meM hAthIdAMta aura vyAghracarma kahA~ se caMcala kezoM se zobhAyamAna mukha vAlI putravadhU ghara meM rahatI hai ! ( uttara aura niyama alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) AyA jaba ki krIr3A meM rata anavarata vANIrakuDaguDDI uNikolAhalaM suNaMtIe / gharakammavAvaDAe vahue sIyaMti aMgAI // kAvyA0, pR0 152, 1715; kAvyaprakAza 5, 132, sAhitya0, pR0 287; dhvanyA0 u0 2 pR0 221 ) beMta ke kuMja se ur3ate hue pakSiyoM kA kolAhala sunatI huI, ghara ke kAma-kAja meM lagI badhU ke aMga zithila ho rahe haiN| ( asuMdara vyaMgya kA udAharaNa ) vArijjanto vi puNo sandAtrakadatthieNa hiaeNa / thaNaharava assaeNa visuddhajAI Na calai se hAro // ( kAvya0 pra04, 86 ) saMtapta hRdaya dvArA rokA jAtA huA bhI vizuddha jAti ke motiyoM se gUMthA huA 'hAra apane parama mitra kucadvaya se alaga nahIM hotA hai ( puruSAyita rati ke prasaMga kI yaha ukti hai ) |

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 71 vAhittA paDivANaM Na dei rUsei ekamekkammi / asatI koNa viNA paippamANe gaIkacche // (sa0 kaM0 3, 51, gA0 sa05, 16) (jaMgala kI Aga se) pradIpyamAna nadI ke taTa para binA kAga ke idhara-udhara bhaTakane vAlI kulaTA bulAI jAne para bhI pratyuttara nahIM detI, aura pratyeka puruSa ko dekha kara ropa karatI hai| (sUkSma alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) viaDe gaaNasamudde diase sUreNa mandareNa va mhie| NIi mairavva saMjjhA tissA saggeNa amuakalaso vva sasI // (sa0 kaM04, 190) mahAn AkAzarUpI samudra meM mandara giri kI bhA~ti sarya ke dvArA divasa ke pUjita ( athavA mathita ) hone para, jaise madirA nikalatI hai vaise hI saMdhyA ke mArga se amRtakalaza kI bhA~ti candramA udita ho rahA hai / (parikara alaGkAra kAudAharaNa) vialiavioaviaNaM takkhaNapabbhaTTarAmamaraNAAsam / janaataNaAi NavaraM laddhaM mucchANimIliacchIa suhN|| (sa0 ke0 5, 268; setu011, 58) mUrchA ke kAraNa jisakI A~kheM muMda gaI haiM aisI jAnaphI ne yogajanita pIr3A ko bhulA kara rAmamaraNa ke mahAkaSTa se tatkSaNa mukti pAkara sukha hI prApta kiyaa| viasantaraakvauraM maarandarasuddhamAyamuhalamahuaram / uuNA dumANa dijai hIrai na uNAi appaNa cia kusumam // (kAvyA0 pR0361, 550) vikasita parAga se vicitra aura makaraMda rasa kI sugaMdha se AkRSTa hue guMjana karane vAle bhauroM se yukta aise puSpa vasaMtaRtu dvArA vRkSoM ko pradAna kiye jAte haiM, unakA apaharaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA / (nidarzana alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) vikviNai mAhamAsammi pAmaro pAraDi bahalleNa / NidhUmamuramure sAmalIe thaNae nniacchnto|| (sa. kaM05, 11; gA0 sa03,38) poDazI navavadhU ke nidhUma tuSa-agni kI bhA~ti USmA vAle stanoM para dRSTipAta karatA huA pAmara kRSaka mAgha mahIne meM apanI cAdara beca kara baila kharIdatA hai| (parivRtti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) vimaliarasAaleNa vi visaharavaiNA adidvmuulccheaN| appattatuMgasiharaM tihuaNaharaNe pavaDDhieNa vi hariNA // (sa0 ke04, 224; setu. 9,7) pAtAla taka saMcAra karane para bhI usake (suvela parvata ke ) mUla bhAga ko zeSanAga ne nahIM dekhA, aura usakA ucca zikhara tInoM lokoM ko mApane ke liye bar3he hue trivikrama dvArA bhI sparza nahIM kiyA gyaa| - (atizayokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa)

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772 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa viralA uvaAriccia piravekvA jalaharabba baddanti / jhijanti tANa virahe viralaccia sarippavAha vva // (sa0 ke04, 163) meghoM ke samAna aise purupa virale hI hote haiM jo upakAra karake bhI nirapekSa rahate haiN| isI prakAra nadI ke pravAha kI bhA~ti aise loga bhI virale hI hote haiM jo upakAra karane vAloM ke viraha meM kSINa hote haiN| (arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) virahANalo sahijai AsAbandheNa vllhjnnss| ekkaggAmapavAso mAe! maraNaM viseser3a // (sa0 kaM0 5, 265, gA0 sa0 1,43) he mA ! priyajana kI (pravAsa se lauTa kara Ane kI ) AzA se to virahAgni kisI prakAra sahana kI jA sakatI hai, kiMtu yadi vaha eka hI gA~va meM pravAsa karatA hai to maraNa se bhI adhika dukha hotA hai| vivarIyarae lacchI vambhaM daThThaNa jAhikamalattham / hariNo dAhiNaNayaNaM rasAulA jhatti Dhakkei // (kAvyA0, pR0 52, 138; kAvya0 pra05, 137) rati meM puruSa ke samAna AcaraNa karane vAlI rasAveza se yukta lakSmI nAbhikamala para virAjamAna brahmA ko dekhakara apane priyatama viSNu kA dAhinA netra jhaTa se baMda kara detI hai ( isase sUryAsta kI dhvani vyakta hotI hai ) / visamaao via kAgavi kAgavi bolei amiannimmaao| kANavi visAmiamao kAgavi avisAmiamaao kAlo // (dhvanyA0 u0 3, pR0 235) kinhIM ke liye kAla viSarUpa pratIta hotA hai, kinhIM ke lie amRtarUpa, kinhIM ke liye vipa-amRtarUpa aura kinhIM ke liye na viparUpa aura na amRtarUpa / visaveo vva pasario jaM jaM ahilei vhldhuumuppiiddo| sAmalaijjai taM taM ruhiraM va mahoahissa vidrumadeNTam // (sa0 ke04, 53; setu0 5,50) viSavega kI bhA~ti phailA huA mahAdhUma kA samUd jisa-jisa mahAsamudra ke rudhira kI bhA~ti pravAlamaMDala ke pAsa pahu~catA hai use kAlA kara detA hai (jaise viSa zarIra meM praviSTa hokara rudhira ko kAlA kara detA hai)| (sAmya alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) viha(a)lai se NevacchaM pammAai maMDhaNaM gaI khli| __ bhUachaNaNacaNaammi suhaa ! mA NaM puloemu // (sa0 ke0 5, 309) bhUta-utsava ke nRtya ke avasara para isakA vastra vigalita ho uThatA hai, AbhUSaNa malina ho jAtA hai aura gati skhalita ho jAtI hai, ataeva he subhaga ! ise na dekh|

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 773 vihalaMkhalaM tuma sahi ! ThUNa kuDeNa taralataradiTim / vArapphaMsamiseNa a appA guruotti pADia vihinnnno|| (kAvya0 pra04, 91) he sakhi ! tumhAre ghar3e ne, vizRMkhala avasthA meM apanI dRSTi ko caMcala karatI huI tumheM dekhakara, daravAje kI Thesa ke bahAne apane Apako guru samajhakara girAte hue Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diyA / ( apahnati, udbheda alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) vevai jassa saviDiaM valiuM mahai pulaAiatthaNaalasaM / pemmasahAvavimuhiaM bIAvAsagamaNUsuaM vAmaddham // (sa0 kaM0 5, 446, setu0 1, 6) jisa ardhanArIzvara kA romAMcita stana-kalazoM vAlA, premAnurAga se kiMkartavyavimUr3ha tathA lajnAsahita vAmAMga, dakSiNa ke ardhamAga (narabhAga) kI ora jAne ke liye utsuka, kaMpita hokara (AliMgana karane ke liye) mur3anA cAhatA hai| vevai seadavadanI romaJcibhagattie vavai / vilalullu tu valaa lahu bAhoallIe raNetti // muhaU sAmali hoI khaNe vimucchai viaggeNa / muddhA muhAllI tua pemmeNa sA vi Na dhijai // (dazarUpaka pra04 pR0182) he yuvaka ! tere prema ke kAraNa vaha nAyikA kA~pane lagatI hai, usake cehare para pasInA A jAtA hai, zarIra meM roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiM, usakA caMcala valaya bAhurUpI latA meM maMda-maMda zabda karatA hai / usakA mu~ha zyAma par3a jAtA hai, kSaNa bhara ke liye vyagra hokara vaha mUJchita ho jAtI hai, aura tumhAre prema se usakI mugdha mukhavallI thor3A bhI dhIraja dhAraNa nahIM kara pAtI / (staMbha Adi sAttvika bhAvoM kA udAharaNa) vevAhiUNa bahuA sAsuraaM doliAi nnijntii| roai diaro tAM saNThavei pAseNa vaccanto // (sa0 kaM01,56) vivAha ke pazcAt DolI meM baiThA kara zvasuragRha ko le jAI jAtI huI vadhU rudana kara rahI hai, usakA devara usake pAsa pahu~ca kara use sAMtvanA detA hai| vevirsinnnnkrNguliprigghkkhlialehnniimgge| sotthi cia Na samappai piasahi ! lehammi kiM lihimo|| 03, 44) kA~patI huI, svedayukta hAtha kI uMgaliyoM se pakar3I huI skhalita lekhanI svasti bhI pUrI taura se na likha sakI, phira bhalA he sakhi ! patra to maiM kyA likhatI! zadamANazarmazabhAlake kumbhazahazza vazAhi shnycide| aNizaM ca piAmi zoNide valizazade zamale huvIadi // (sa0 kaM0 2,3) eka hajAra kuMbha carabI se saMcita manuSya mAMsa ke sau bhAraka kA yadi maiM bhakSaNa karU~ aura anavarata zoNita kA pAna karU~ to sau varSa taka yuddha hogaa| (mAgadhI kA udAharaNa)

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774 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa saaNe ciMtAmaiaM kAUga piaMNimIlaacchIe / appANo uvaUr3ho pasiDhilavalaAhi bAhehi // nimIlita netroM vAlI priyA ne apane priyatama ko zayana ke Upara ciMtAgrasta banA kara, zithila kaMkaNoM vAlI apanI bhujAoM se use AliMgana meM bA~dha liyaa| saalujjoiavasuhe smtthjialoavitthrntpaaye| ThAi Na ciraM ravimmi va vihANa paDidA vi mailadA sappurise // (sa0 ke0 4, 50, setu0 3, 31) samasta pRthvI ko prakAzita karane vAle, samasta manuSyaloka meM apane pratApa ko phailAne vAle aise sUryarUpI satpuruSa meM vivi ke dvArA utpAdita (prabhAtakAla meM par3I huI ) malinatA cirakAla taka nahIM tthhrtii| ( sAmya alakAra kA udAharaNa) sakaaggaharahasaNNAmiANaNA piai piaamaviiNNam / tho thoaM rososaha va ua! mANiNI maharam // (sa0 ke0 5, 288; gA0 sa06,50) dekho, kezoM ko pakar3a kara jisakA mukha jhaTa se Upara kI ora uThA diyA gayA hai aisI mAninI apane priyatama ke dvArA dI huI madirA ko mAno mAna kI aupadhi ke rUpa meM thor3A-thor3A karake pAna kara rahI hai ! saggaM apArijAaM kutthuhalacchIvirahi mahumahassa urN| sumarAmi mahaNapurao asuddhayaMdaM ca hrjddaapbbhaarN|| (saM0 kaM0 3,177; kAvyA0 pR0 365, 560; setu54,20) samudramaMthana ke pUrva svarga ko pArijAta puSpa se -zUnya, viSNu ke vakSasthala ko kaustubha maNi se rahita tathA zivajI ke jaTAjUTa ko candramA ke khaMDa se zUnya smaraNa karatA huuN| (prAgbhAva kA udAharaNa) saJcaM garuo giriNo ko bhaNai jalAsaA Na gaMbhIrA / dhIrehiM uvamAuM tahavi hu maha Nasthi ucchaaho|| (sa0 ke0 4, 150) parvata guru hai, yaha satya hai, aura kauna kahatA hai ki samudra gaMbhIra nahIM hai / phira bhI dhIra puruSoM ke sAtha parvata aura samudra kI upamA dene kA merA utsAha nahIM hotA / (AkSepa alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) saccaM cia kaTamao suraNAho jeNa hliadhaae| hatthehiM kamaladalakomalehiM chitto Na pllvio|| (sa0 ke05, 313) yaha satya hai ki indra kevala lakar3I kA DhUMTha hai, nahIM to halavAhe kI putrI ke komala hastakamala se sparza kiye jAne para bhI vaha kyoM pallavita nahIM huA ? saccaM jANai daTuM sarisammi jagammi jujjae raao| marau Na tumaM bhaNissaM maraNaM pi salAhaNijaM se // (sa0 ke0 5, 258; dazarUpaka pra0 2, 117; gA0 sa0 1, 12)

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 775 yaha dekhane meM ThIka hai ki samAna vyaktiyoM meM hI anurAga karanA ucita hai / yadi usakA maraNa bhI ho jAya to maiM tujhe kucha na kahUMgI, kyoMki viraha meM usakA maraNa bhI prazaMsanIya hai / ( AkSepa, vyatyAsa alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) sacchandaramaNadaMsa garasavaDhiagaru avammahavilAsaM / devesavara miaM ko vaNNiuM tarai // (sa0 kuM0 5,395 ) darzana ke rasa se kAmadeva kA vezyA - ramaNa kA kauna varNana kara jisake sAtha svacchanda ramaNa hotA hai, jisake vilAsa vRddhiMgata hotA hai, suvidagdha puruSoM ke aise sakatA hai ? ( gaNikA kA udAharaNa ) sajehi surahimAso Na dAva appei juaijaNalakkhamuhe / ahiNavasahaAramuhe Navapallavapattale agassa sare // ( dhvanyA0 u0 2, pR0 187 ) vasaMta mAsa yuvatiyoM ko lakSya karake navIna palavoM kI patraracanA se yukta nUtana AmramaJjarI rUpI kAmabANoM ko sajjita karatA hai, lekina unheM chor3ane ke liye kAmadeva ko arpita nahIM karatA / ( arthazakti-udbhava dhvani kA udAharaNa ) saNiyaM vacca kisoyari ! pae payanteNa Thavasu mahivaDe / hisi vatthaNi ! vihiNA dukkheNa NimmaviyA // ( kAvyA0 pR0 55, 21 ) he kRzodari ! jarA dhIre cala, apane pairoM ko jamIna para saMbhAla kara rakha / he suMdara stanoM vAlI ! tujhe kahIM Thokara na laga jAye, bar3I kaThinatA se vidhAtA ne tujhe sirajA hai ! sadA me tujjha pittaNassa kaha taM tu Na yANAmo / desi tumaM ci sikkhavesu jaha te piA homi // ( zrRGgAra 4, 11) tere priyatva meM merI zraddhA hai, ise hama kaise nahIM jAnate ? isaliye prasanna ho, tU hI isa prakAra zikSA de jisase maiM tumhArI bhiyA bana sakU~ / samasokkhadukkha parivaDDhiANaM kAleNa rUDhapemmANam / mihuNAgaM marai jaM, taMkhu jiAi, iaraM muaM hoi // (sa0 kaM0 5,250; gA0 sa0 2,42 ) samAna sukha-dukha meM parivardhita hone ke kAraNa kAlAMtara meM jinakA prema sthira ho gayA hai aise dampati meM se jo pahale maratA hai vaha jItA hai, aura jo jItA hai vaha mara cukA 1 sayalaM caiva nibandhaM dohiM pAhiM kaluSaM pasaNNaM ca diaM / jAnti kaI kaI suddhasahAvehiM lobhaNehiM ca hiaam // (kAvyA0 pR0 456, 114; rAvaNa vijaya ) samasta racanA kevala do bAtoM se kalupa aura prasanna hotI hai| zuddha svabhAva aura locanoM dvArA hI kaviyoM ke kavi hRdaya ko samajhate haiM / ( 'rAvaNavijaya' meM kaviprazaMsA )

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa sarasaM mauasahAnaM vimalaguNaM mittasaMgamolasiam / kamalaM NaTTacchAyaM kuganta dosAyara ! namo de // (kAvyA0 69, 139) sarasa, mRdusvabhAvavAle, nirmala guNoM se yukta, mitra ke maMgama se zobhAyamAna aise kamala ( mahApurupa ) ko nAza karane vAle he dopAkara (candramA, duSTajana )! tujhe namaskAra hai / ( aprastuta prazaMsA kA udAharaNa) savvassammi vi daDr3he tahavi hu hiaassa Nivbudi cea / jaM teNa gAmaDAhe hatthAhatthiM kuDo gahio // (sa0 ke05, 150; gA0 sa0 3, 29) gA~va meM Aga lagane para saba kucha jala gayA, phira bhI mere priyatama ne jaba mere hAtha se ghar3A liyA to mere hRdaya ko sukha hI prApta huA ! (harSa kA udAharaNa) saha diasanisAhiM dIharA sAsadaNDA, saha maNivalaehiM vAhadhArA glnti| tuha suhaa ! vioe tIe ujvevirIe, saha ya taNuladAe dubalA jiividaasaa|| (kAvyaprakAza 10, 495, kapUra maM02,9) he subhaga ! tumhAre piyoga meM udvigna usa nAyikA kI sAMseM dina aura rAta ke sAtha-sAtha lambI hotI jA rahI hai, A~suoM kI dhArA maNi-kaMkaNoM ke sAtha nIce girA karatI hai aura usake jIvana kI AzA usakI tanulatA ke sAtha-sAtha durbala hotI jA rahI hai / (sahokti alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) sahasA mA sAhijau piAgamo tIa virhkisiaae| accaMtapahariseNa vi jA a muA sA muA cea // (sa0 ke0 5, 54) viraha se kRza huI usa nAyikA ko sahasA priya ke Agamana kA samAcAra na kahanA, kyoMki atizaya harpa ke kAraNa yadi vaha kadAcit mara gaI to phira mara hI jaaygii| sahiAhiM piavisjjiakdmbrabhriannibhrucchsio| dIsai kalaMvathavaovva thaNaharo haliasoNhAe // (sa0 ke0 5,310) priyatama dvArA pradatta kadaMva kI raja se pUrNa atyadhika zvAsa vAlI halabAhe kI patohu kA stanabhArasa khiyoM ko kadaMba ke gucche kI bhA~ti pratIta huaa| sahiAhiM bhagNamANA thaNae laggaM kusumbhapupphutti / muddhavahuA hasijjai papphoDantI ghvaaii|| (sa.kaM. 3, 5, 5, 377, gA0 sa0 2,45) mugdhavadhU ke stanoM para lage hue, nakhakSatoM ko dekhakara sakhiyoM ne isI meM kahA ki dekha tere stanoM para kusuMbe ke phUla laga rahe haiM, yaha sunakara vaha mugyavadhU unheM lagI! (abhinaya, snAbhAvokti aura hetu alaGkAra kA udAharaNa)

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alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 777 sahi ! NavaNihuNavaNasamarammi aMkavAlI sahIe nnividdaae| hAro Nizario via uccheraMto tado kahaM ramiam // (kAvya0 pra04, 89) he sakhi ! tumhAre navasurata-saMgrAma ke samaya tumhArI eka mAtra sakhI aGkapAlI (AliMgana-lIlA) ne tumhAre uchalate hue hAra ko roka diyA, usa samaya tumane kaisA ramaNa kiyA ! (vyatireka alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) sahi ! viraiUNamANassa majjha dhIrattaNeNa AsAsam / piadaMsaNavihalaMkhalakhaNasmi sahasatti teNa osariam // (kAvya0 pra0 4, 69) he sakhi ! tere dhairya ne virAma ko prApta mere mana ko bahuta AzvAsana diyA, kiMta 'priyadarzana ke vizRGkhala kSaNa meM vaha dhairya sahasA hI bhAga khar3A huaa| (utprekSA, vibhAvanA alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) sahi ! sAhasu sambhAveNa pucchimo kiM asesmhilaannN| vaDDhaMti karaTia cia valaA daie pautthaMmi // (zRGgAra0 71, 89; gA0 sa05, 53) he sakhi ! batA, hama sarala bhAva se pUcha rahe haiM, kyA dayitA ke pravAsa meM jAne para sabhI mahilAoM ke hAtha ke kaMkaNa bar3ha jAte haiM ? sahi ! sAhasu teNa samaM ahaMpi kiM NiggaA pahAammi / aNNacciA dIsai jeNa dappaNe kAvi sA sumuhii|| (sa.kaM05, 29) he sakhi ! batA kyA usake sAtha prabhAta meM maiM bhI gaI thI? kyoMki vaha sundarI darpaNa meM kucha aura hI dikhAI de rahI hai / sAaraviNNajobaNahatthAlambaM smunnnnmntehiN| avbhuTTANaM via mammahassa diNNaM thaNehi // (dhvanyA0 u02, pR0 188) he bAle ! (yauvana dvArA) AdarapUrvaka Age bar3hAye hue, yauvanarUpI hArthoM kA avalaMbana lekara uThate hue tumhAre donoM unnata stana mAno kAmadeva kA svAgata kara rahe haiM / ( arthazakti-udbhava dhvani kA udAharaNa) sA nai sahatthadiNNaM aja vi o suhaa ! gNdhrhiaNpi| uccasiaNaaragharadevada va NomAlikaM vhi|| (zRGgAra0 14, 66; gA0 sa02,94) he sundara ! vaha tumhAre dvArA dI huI gaMdhavihIna navamAlikA ko bhI, nagara se niSkAsita gRidevatA kI bhA~ti, dhAraNa kara rahI hai| sA tai sahatthadiNNaM pharagucchaNakaddamaM thnnucchNge| parikuviA iva sAhai salAhirAM gAmanarugINam // (sa0 kaM 5, 229)

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778 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gA~va kI yuvatiyoM dvArA prazaMsanIya vaha tumhAre dvArA apane hAtha se usake stanoM para lagAI huI phAga-utsaba kI kIcar3a ko mAno kupita hokara lagavA rahI hai| sAmaNNasundarINaM vilamamAvahai avinnonyce| dhUma cia pajaliANaM bahumao surahidArUNa // (sa0 ke05,397) sAmAnya sundariyoM kA avinaya bhI prItidyotaka hAvabhAva ko utpanna karatA hai / udAharaNa ke liye, jalAye hue suMgandhita kASTha ke dhue~ kA bhI bahuta Adara kiyA jAtA hai| (vilAsinI kA udAharaNa) sA mahai tassa hAuM aNusotte sovi se smuvvhi| thaNavabhiDaNaviluliakallolamahagghie salile // (sa0 kaM5, 256) vaha usake stanoM ko sparza karanevAlI caJcala taraGgoM se bahumUlya bane aise jala ke srota meM snAna karane kI icchA karatA hai / sAmAi sAmalIe addhacchippaloirIa mhsohaa| jambUdalakaakaNNAvaaMse bhamadi hliautte|| (sa0 ke0 3, 52, gA0 sa0 2,80) halavAhe kA putra jambUpatrako apane kAnoM kA AbhUSaNa banA kara ghUma rahA hai| ardhanimAlita netroM se use dekhatI huI zyAmA ke mukha kI zobhA malina ho jAtI hai| (gUr3ha, sUkSma alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) sAlivaNagoviAe uDDIyantIa puusvindaaiN| savvaMgasundarIevi pahiA acchIi pecchantI // (sa0 ke03, 140) zAlivana meM chipakara totoM ko ur3AtI huI sarvAMga suMdariyoM kI kevala A~khoM para hI pathika dRSTipAta karate haiM / ( bhAva alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) sAloe ciya sUre ghariNI gharasAmiyassa ghettUNa / necchaMtassa ya calaNe dhuyai hasantI hasaMtarasa // (kAvyA0 pR0 418, 711; sa0 ke0 3, 139; gA0 sa02, 30 dazarUpaka pra02, pR0 132) sUrya kA prakAza rahate hue bhI, gRhiNI haMsate hue gRhasvAmI ke pairoM ko pakar3a kara, usakI icchA na rahate hue bhI ha~satI huI unheM hilA rahI hai / (bhAva alakAra kA udAharaNa) sA vasai tujjha hiae sA cia acchIsu sA a vaaNesu / ahmArisANa sundara ! oAso kattha pAvANam // (kAvya0 pra0 10,560) he sundara ! jaba vahI tumhAre hRdaya meM, tumhArI A~khoM meM aura tumhArI vANI meM nivAsa karatI hai to phira hamAre jaisI pApiniyoM ke liye tumhAre pAsa sthAna kahA~ ? (vizeSa alakAra kA udAharaNa)

Page #786
. alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 779 sAhINe vi piaame patte vikhaNe Na maNDio appaa| dakkhiapautthavai saajjhiA snntthvntiie|| (sa0 ke0 5, 264, gA0 sa0 1,39) priyatama ke pAsa rahane aura utsava Ane para bhI usa nAyikA ne vezabhUSA * dhAraNa nahIM kI,kyoMki use proSitabhartRkA apanI dukhI par3osina ko sAntvanA denI thii| sAhatI sahi ! suhayaM khaNe khaNe dummiyA si mjjhke| sabbhAvanehakaraNijasarisayaM dAva viraiyaM tume|| (kAvyA0 pR0 62, 36; kAvya pra0 2, 7) - he sakhi ! mere liye usa subhaga ko kSaNa-kSaNa meM manAtI huI tuma kitanI vihvala ho ustI ho ! bhere sAtha jaisA sadbhAva, saMha aura kartavyaniSThA tumane nibhAyI hai, vaisI aura koI nibhA sakatI hai ? ( yahA~ apane priya ke sAtha ramaNa karatI huI sakhi ke prati nAyikA kI yaha vyaMgyokti hai)| (lakSya rUpa artha kI vyaMjanA kA udAharaNa) sijai romaJcijai vevai rcchaatulggpddilggo| so pAso ajja vi suhaa! tIi jeNasi boliinno|| (dhvanyA0 u04, pR0627) he subhaga ! usa sakarI galI meM akasmAt usa merI sakhI ke jisa pArzva se laga kara tuma nikala gaye the, vaha pArzva aba bhI svedayukta, pulaphita aura kaMpita ho rahA hai| (vibhAvanA alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) sihipicchakaNNaUrA jAyA vAhassa gambirI bhmi| muttAhalaraiapasAhaNANaM majjhe savattINa // (kAvyA0 pR0 425, 725, dhvanyA0 u02, pR0 190) morapaMkha ko kAnoM meM pahana zikArI kI vadhU bahumUlya motiyoM ke AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta apanI sautoM ke bIca garva se iThalAtI phiratI hai| (arthazakti udbhava dhvani kA udAharaNa) suppau taio pi gao jAmotti sahIo kIsa maM bhaNaha? sehAliANa gaMdho Na dei sottaM suaha tumhe // (zRGgAra0 59,31% gA0 sa. 5,12) (rAtri kA) tIsarA pahara bIta gayA hai, aba tU so jA-isa prakAra sakhiyA~ kyoM kaha rahI haiM ? mujhe pArijAta ke phUloM kI gaMdha sone nahIM detI; jAo tuma so jaao| sappaM daDaDhaM caNaA Na bhajiA paMthio aboliinno| attA gharaMmi kuviA bhUANaM vAio vNso|| (zRGgAra0 40, 194gA0 sa0 6,57) sUpa jala gayA lekina cane nahIM sune pathika ne apanA rAstA liyaa| sAsa ghara meM gussA hone lgii| yaha bhUtoM ke Age vaMzI bajAne vAlI bAta huii|

Page #787
780 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa suraAvasANarilioNaAo seullkssnnkmlaao| addhacchipecchiIo piAo dhaNNA puloti // (zRGgAra054, 5) surata ke anta meM jinhoMne apane locanoM ko banda kara liyA hai, jinakA mukhakamala sveda se Ardra ho gayA hai aura ardha netroM se jo dekha rahI haiM aisI priyAoM ko bhAgyazAlI puruSa hI dekhate haiM / suhaa.! vilambasu thoraM jAva imaM virahakAaraM hiaaN| saMThaviUNa bhaNissaM ahavA volesu kiM bhaNimo // (alaGkAra pR0 140) he subhaga ! jarA Thahara jA, viraha se kAtara isa hRdaya ko saMbhAla kara kucha kahU~gI, athavA jAo, aba kahUM hI kyA ? surakusumehi kalusi jai tehiM cia puNo pasAemi tusN| to pemmassa kisoari ! avarAhassaM a Na me kajaM annuruuaN|| (sa0 kaM05, 287) devatAoM ke puSpoM dvArA kaluSita tujhe yadi maiM phira se unhIM ke dvArA prasanna karU~ to he kRzodari ! yaha na to prema ke hI anurUpa hogA aura na aparAdha ke hii| surahimahupANalampaDabhamaragaNAbaddhamaNDalIbandham / / kassa maNaM NANandai kummIpuTaTThibhaM kamalam // (sa0 saM0 1,69) sugaMdhita madhupAna se laMpaTa bhauMroM ke samUha se jisakA maMDala Abaddha hai aisA kachue ke pRSTha para sthita kamala kisake mana ko AnaMdita nahIM karatA ? (yuktiviruddha kA udAharaNa) subai samAgamissai tujjha pio aja paharamitteNa / emeya kimiti ciTThasi sA sahi ! sajesu karagijaM // (kAvyA0, pR0 61, 32, kAvya0 pra03, 19) he sakhi ! sunate haiM ki tumhArA pati pahara bhara meM Ane vAlA hai; phira tuma isa taraha kyoM baiThI ho ? jo karanA ho jhaTa kara ddaalo| suhaucchaaMjagaM dullahUM vi dUrAhi amha ANanta / uaAraa jara ! jIviNenta Na kaAvarAhosi // (sa0 ke04, 116; gA0 sa0 1,50) kuzala pUchane vAle durlabha jana ko dUra se mere pAsa lAne vAle he upakAraka jvara ! aba yadi tU mere jIvana kA bhI apaharaNa kara le to bhI tU aparAdhI nahIM samajhA jAyegA ! ( aprastuta prazaMsA alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) seulliasavaMgI NAmaggahaNeNa tassa suhass| dUI appAhentI tassea gharaM gaNaM pattA // (sa0 kaM05, 231, gA0 sa05,40)

Page #788
alaMkAra grantho meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 781 usa subhaga kA nAmamAtra lene se usakA samasta aMga sveda se gIlA ho gyaa| usake pAsa saMdeza lekara dUtI ko bhejatI huI vaha svayaM hI usake ghara ke AMgana meM jA pahu~cI! selasuAruddhaddhaM muddhANA baddhamuddhasasileham / sIsapariDiagaGgaM saMjhApaNa pamahaNAham // (sa0 ke01, 40) jisakA ardha bhAga pArvatI se ruddha hai, jisake mastaka para candramA kI mugdha rekhA hai, jisake sira para gaMgA sthApita hai, saMdhyA ke liye praNata aise gaNoM ke nAtha zivajI ko ( namaskAra ho)! (kriyApadavihIna kA udAharaNa) so tuha kaeNa sundari! taha jhINo sumahilo hliautto| jaha se macchariNIa vi doccaM jAAe paDivaNNam // (sa0 ke05, 201; gA0 sa01,84) he sundari! rUpavatI bhAryA ke rahate hue bhI tere kAraNa halavAhe kA putra itanA darbala ho gayA hai ki usakI IrSyAlu bhAryA ne usakA dUtIkarma svIkAra kara liyaa| (arthAvali alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) so natthi ettha gAme jo eyaM mahamahantalAyaNNam / taruNANa hiayalUDi parisakkanti nivArei // (kAvyA0 pR0 398, 663; kAvya0 pra0 10,569) isa gA~va meM aisA koI yuvaka nahIM jo isa saundarya kI kastUrI se matavAlI, taruNoM ke hRdaya ko lUTanevAlI aura idhara-udhara ghUmane vAlI (nAyikA) ko roka sake ! (rUpaka, saMkara, saMsRSTi alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) so muddhamio miatahiAhiM taha dUNo tuha AsAhim / jaha saMbhAvamaINavi NaINaM parammuho jAo // (saM003,111) vaha bholA mRga mRgatRSNA se ThagA jAkara itanA khinna ho gayA ki aba vaha jalasaMpanna nadiyoM kA jala pIne se bhI parAMmukha ho gayA hai ! (bhrAMti alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) so muddhasAmalaMgo dhammillo kalia llianniadeho| tIe khaMdhAhi balaM gahia saro suraasaMgare jai|| (kAvya04,87) mugdhA ke zyAmala kezoM kA jUr3A kisI sundara kAmadeva ke samAna pratIta hotA hai jo usa sundarI ke kandhoM para phailakara (kezAkarSaNa ke samaya) ratirUpI yuddha meM kAmIjana ko apane vaza meM rakhatA hai| sohai visuddhakiraNo gaaNasamuddammi rannivelaalggo| tArAmuttAvaaro phuddvihddiasehsippismpuddvimukko|| (sa0 ke04,41, setu. 1, 22)

Page #789
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AkAzarUpI samudra meM zubhakiraNoM se yukta, rAtrirUpI taTa meM lagna tathA sphuTa aura vighaTita medharUpI sIpI ke saMpuTa meM se prakIrNa, aisA tAre rUpI moniyoM kA samUha zobhita ho rahA hai / ( rUpaka alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) soha va lakkhaNamuhaM vaNamAla vva viarDa harivaissa uraM / favor pavanatanayaM ANa vva balAi se valaggae diTThI // 782 ( kAvyA0 pR0 346, 517; setu0 1, 48; saM0 ka0 4, 19 ) rAma kI dRSTi zobhA kI bhAMti lakSmaNa ke mukha para vanamAlA kI bhA~ti sugrIva ke vikaTa vakSasthala para, kIrti kI bhA~ti hanumAna para aura AjJA kI bhA~ti senAoM para jA girii| (mAlopamA alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) saMjIvaNosahimmiva suassa rakkhei aNaNNavAvArA | sAsU Navavbha daMsaNakaNThAgaajIviaM soham // (saM0 kaM05, 267; gA0 sa0 4, 36 ) nUtana meghoM ko dekhakara kaMThagata prANavAlI apanI patohu ko apane putra kI saMjIvanI auSadhi samajha, saba kucha chor3akara sAsa usakI rakSA meM tatpara hai / ( hetu alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ) saMhaacakkavAajuA viasiakamalA suNAlasaMcchaSNA / vAvI vahu va roaNavilittathaNaA suhAvei // (sa0 kaM0 1, 36 kAvyA0, pR0 205, 213 ) gorocanA se vilipta stanayugala dhAraNa karatI huI vadhU kI bhAMti cakravAka ke yugalavAlI, vikasita kamalavAlA ( vadhU ke pakSa meM netra ) aura kamalanAla se yukta ( vadhU ke pakSa meM bAhu ) vApI sukha detI hai / ( nyUna upamA kA udAharaNa ) harisullAvA kulavAliANaM lajjAkaDacchie surae / kaMThabhaMtarabhamiA ahare cia huruhurAaMti // ( zRGgAra0 54, 4) lajjA se kadarthita surata ke samaya kaMTha ke bhItara bhramaNa karane vAle kulabAlikAoM ke harSollAsa mAno adhara ke Upara ghUra ghUra kara rahe haiM / hasiamaviAramuddhaM bhamiaM virahiavilAsasucchAam / bhaNiaM sahAvasaralaM dharaNANa ghare kalattANam // ( dazarUpaka pra0 2, pR0 96 ) bhAgyavAna vyaktiyoM ke gharoM kI striyA~ svAbhAvika mugdha haMsI haMsatI haiM, unakI cedrAyeM vilAsa se rahita hotI haiM aura bolacAla unakI svabhAva se sarala hotI hai / hasiAI samaMsalakomalAI vIsaMbhakomalaM vaaNaM / savabhAvakomalaM pulaiaM ca Namimo sumahilANaM // (sa0 kaM0 5,374 ) zreSTha mahilAoM ke gaMbhIra aura komala hAsya, vizvasta aura komala vacana aura sadbhAvapUrNa komala romAMca ko hama namaskAra karate haiN| ( uttamA nAyikA kA udAharaNa )

Page #790
alaMkAra granthoM meM prAkRta padyoM kI sUcI 783 hasiaMsahatthatAlaM sukkhavaDaM uvagaehi phiehiN| pattapphalasAricche uDDANe pUsavandammi // (sa0 ke03, 109; gA0 sa03,63) patra aura phala ke samAna zukasamUha ke ur3a jAne para sUkhe vaTavRkSa ke samIpa Aye hue pathikajana hAtha se tAlI bajAkara ha~sane lge| (bhrAMti alaMkAra kA udAharaNa) hasiehiM uvAlambhA aJcuvaArehiM ruusianvaaii| aMsUhi bhaNDaNAhiM eso maggo sumahilANaM // (sa0 ke05,391; gA0 sa06, 13) ha~sakara upAlaMbha denA, vizeSa Adara se roSa vyakta karanA aura AMsU bahA kara praNaya-kalaha karanA yaha sumahilAoM kI rAti hai / (lalitA kA udAharaNa) hiaaDiyamannaM tua aNaruTamahaM pimaM pasAyanta / avaraddhassa vi Na hu de bahujANaya ! rUsiuM sakkam // (kAvyA0, pR075, 143, dhvanyA02, pR0203) he bahujJa priyatama ! andara krodha se jalanevAlI aura Upara se prasannatA dikhAne vAlI mujhako prasanna karate hue, tumhAre aparAdhI hote hue bhI maiM tumhAre Upara roSa karane meM asamartha hU~ / ( arthazakti-mUla arthAntaranyAsa dhvani kA udAharaNa) hiae rosubhiNNaM pAappaharaM sireNa ptthnto| Na haodahao mAgaMsiNIe athoraM suruSNam // (sa0 kaM03, 142) hRdaya ke roSa ke kAraNa pAdaprahAra kI sira se icchA karate hue priyatama kA usa manasvinI ne tAr3anA nahIM kI, balki baha bar3e-bar3e AMsU girAne lgii| (bhAva alaGkAra kA udAharaNa) hami avahathiareho NiraMkuso aha vivekarahio vi| siviNe vi tumammi puNo pattiabhattiM na pupphusimi // (kAvyA0 pR082, 152, kAvyaprakAza 7,320, viSamabANalIlA) he bhagavan ! bhale hI maiM maryAdArahita ho jAU~, niraGkaza ho jAU~, vivekahIna bana jAU~, phira bhI svapna meM bhI maiM tumhArI bhakti ko vismRta nahIM kara sktaa| (garmitatva guNa kA udAharaNa) hemaMte himaraadhUsarassa oasaraNassa phiass| sumariajAAmuhasijirassa sIaM cia pnnttN| (zRGgAra056, 16) hemaMtaRtu meM himaraja se dhUsarita, cAdara se rahita aura apanI priyA ke mukha kA smaraNa karake jise pasInA A gayA hai aise pathika kI sardI naSTa ho gayI! hoi na guNANurAo jaDANa NavaraM pasiddhisaraNANaM / kira paNDavai sasimaNI caMde Na piyAmuhe ditttte|| (kAvyA0, pR0353, 544, dhvanyA0 u01 pR0 57)

Page #791
784 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa yaza ke pIche daur3ane vAle jar3a puruSoM kA gugoM meM anugaga nahIM hotaa| candrakAMta nagi candramA ko dekhakara hI pighalatA hai, priyA kA munca dekhakara nhiiN| (nidarzanA annadAra kA udAharaNa ) hontapahiassa jAA AucchaNajIadhAraNarahalsam / pucchantI bhamai gharaM gharesu piavirhshiriiaa|| (sa0 ke05, 243; gA0 sa01, 47; dazarUpaka 1, pR0 269) priya ke bhAvI viraha kI AzaGkA se dukhI pathika kA palI, par3osa ke logoM se, pati ke cale jAne para prANadhAraNa ke rahasya ke bAre meM pUchatI huI ghara-ghara ghUma rahI hai| haMtuM vimaggamANo hantuM turiassa appaNA dahavaaNaM / kiM icchasi kAuMje pavaavai ! piaMti vipiyoM rhuvinno|| (sa0 ke0 4, 152; setu0 4,36) he sugrIva ! rAvaNa kA vadha karane kI icchA karatA huA tU, svayaM rAvaNa kA vadha karane kI zAMghratA karane vAle rAma ko yaha priya hai, aisA mAna kara tU unakA apriya hI kara rahA hai / (AkSepa alaGkAra kA udAharaNa ) haMsANa sarehi sirI sArijai aha sarANa haMsehiM / aNNoNNaM ci. ee appANaM navara gaati|| (kAvyA0 pR0 357, 554; kAvyaprakAza 10, 527) haMsoM kI zobhA tAlAba se aura tAlAvoM kI haMsoM se bar3hatI hai, vAstava meM donoM hI eka dUsare ke mahattva ko bar3hAte haiM / ( anyonya alakAra kA udAharaNa ) haMho kaNNullINA bhaNAmi re suhaa ! kimpi mA juur| . NijjaNapAraddhIsu kahaM pi puNNehiM ladosi // (sa0 kaM0 5, 224) he subhaga ! tere kAna ke pAsa cupake se maiM kaha rahI hU~ tU jA bhI kheda mata kara; nirjana galiyoM meM tU bar3e puNya se milA hai| huNilajja ! samosara taM cia aNuNesu jAi de guan / pAAMguhAlattaeNa tilaaM viNimmaviam // (sa0 kaM0 5, 49) are nirlajja ! dUra ho / jisake paira ke aMgUThe ke mahAvara ne tere mastaka para yaha tilaka lagAyA hai, jA tU usI kI manuhAra kara / huM huM he bhaNasu puNo Na suanti (? suai) karei kAlavivaaM / ghariNI hiaasuhAI paiNo kaNNe bhaNantassa // (ru. ke0 5, 230) pati apane hRdaya ke sukha ko apanI patnI ke kAna meM dhIre-dhIre kara rahA hai| use suna kara patnI apane pati ko bAra-bAra kahane kA Agraha kara rahI hai| use nIMda nahIM A rahI hai, isI taraha vaha samaya yApana kara rahI hai|

Page #792
sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI pizala : prAkRta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa; anuvAdaka, hemacandra jozI, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, 1958 / pataMjali : mahAbhASya, bhArgavazAstrI, nirNayasAgara, bambaI, san 1951 | pI0 ela0 vaidya : prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana kI bhUmikA, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, zolApura, 1954 / e0 ena0 upAdhye : lIlAvaIkahA kI bhUmikA, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1949 | 'paizAcI laigveja eNDa liTarecara,' enalsa oNra bhAMDArakara oriMTiela insTiTyUTa jilda 21, 1939-40 / bRhatkathAkoza (hariSeNa ), bambaI, 1943 | bharatasiMha upAdhyAya : pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, vi0 saM0 2008 / baruA aura mitra : prAkRtadhammapada, yunivarsiTI oNva kalakattA, 1925 / haradeva bAharI : prAkRta aura usakA sAhitya, rAjakamala prakAzana dillI ( prakAzana kA samaya nahIM diyA ) / esa0 ke0 kantre : prAkRta laiMgvejez2a eNDa deara kaoNnTrIbyUzana TU iNDiyana kalcara, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1945 / e0 ema0 ghATage : 'zaurasenI prAkRta,' jaranala oNva da yunivarsiTI oNva bambaI, maI, 1935 | 'mahArASTrI laiMgveja eNDa liTarecara, ' vahI, jilda, 4, bhAga 6 / manamohana ghoSa : karpUramaMjarI kI bhUmikA, yunivarsiTI oNpa kalakattA, 1939 / 'mahArASTrI e leTara fez2a oNva zaurasenI,' jaranala oNva DipArTameNTa oNva leTarsa jilda 23, kalakattA, 1933 / grAmara oNpha miDila iNDo-Aryana, kalakattA, 1951 / 50 prA0 sA0

Page #793
786 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa esa0 ke0 caTarjI : 'da sTaDI oNva nyU iNDo-Aryana,' jaranala oNva DipArTameNTa oNva leTarsa, jilda 29, kalakattA, 1936 / sukumAra sena : grAmara oNva miDila iNDo-Aryana, kalakattA, 1951 / paM0 haragovindadAsa seTha : pAiyasahamahaNNava, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 1985 / jaina graMthAvali : zrI jaina zvetAMbara kanphareMsa, mumbaI, vi0 saM0 1965 / jagadIzacandra jaina : lAifa ina aiziyeNTa iNDiyA aiz2a DipikTeDa ina jaina kainansa, baMbaI, 1947 / do hajAra barasa purAnI kahAniyA~, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1946 / bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana, maMDala, banArasa, 1952 / prAcIna bhArata kI kahAniyAM, hinda kitAvsa limiTeDa, baMbaI, 1946 / hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA : hisTrI oNva da kainonikala liTarecara aura da jainsa baMbaI, 1941 / pAiya bhASAo ane sAhitya, vahI, 1950 / Agamo nuM digdarzana, vinayacaMda gulAbacaMda, zAha, bhAvanagara, 1948 / mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI : jaina sAhitya no itihAsa, zrI zvetAMbara jaina . kAnphareMsa, bambaI, 1933 / maurisa viNTaranIz2a : hisTrI oNva iMDiyana liTarecara, jilda, 2, kalakattA, 1933 muni kalyANavijaya : nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA, jilda 10-11 meM 'vIra nirvANasaMvat' nAmaka lekha / muni puNyavijaya : bRhatkalpasUtra chaThe bhAga kI prastAvanA, AtmAnaMda jaina sabhA bhAvanagara 1942 / aMgavijjA kI prastAvanA, prAkRta jaina TaiksTa soyAyaTI 1957 / kalpasUtra ( sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda, vi. saM. 2008) kI prstaavnaa| dIghanikAya, rAisa DaiviDsa, pAli TaiksTa sosAyaTI, laMdana 1889-1911; rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hindI anuvAda, sAranAtha, 1936 /

Page #794
787 sahAyaka granthoM kI sUcI majjhimanikAya, pAli TaiksTa sosAiTI, 1888-1899; rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, sAranAtha, 1933 / vinayapiTaka, laMdana, 1879-1883; rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, 1935 / vinayavastu, gilagiTa mainuskripTa, jilda 3, bhAga 2, zrInagarajAzmIra, 1942 / dhammapada aTThakathA, pAli TaiksTa sosAyaTI, 1906-1915 / malAlasekara : DikzanarI oNva pAli praupara nemsa, 1-2, laMdana, 1937-8 / .. suttanipAta, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, raMgUna, 1937 / jAtaka, AnandakausalyAyana kA hindI anuvAda, hindI sAhitya sammelana, pryaag| milindapaNha, bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa bambaI, 1940 / yAjJavalkya : yAjJavalkyasmRti, cauthA saMskaraNa, bambaI, 1936 / manu : manusmRti, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1946 / e0 ela0 bAzama : hisTrI eNDa DaoNkTrInsa oNva da AjIvikAz2a / hIrAlAla jaina : SaT khaMDAgama kI prastAvanA, seTha zitAvarAya lakSmIcandra jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa, amarAvatI, 1939-58 / bI0 sI0 lAhA : "iMDiyA eja DiskrAibDa ina alI TaiksTa oNva buddhijma eNDa jainijma, laMdana, 1941 / byUlara : da iNDiyana saikTa oNna da jainsa, laMdana, 1903 / nAthUrAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, hindI graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1998 / jAna harTala : oNna da liTarecara oNva zvetAMbara jainsa, lIjiMga, 1922 / meyara je0 je0 : hindU Telsa, laMdana, 1909 / penz2ara : kathAsaritsAgara ( somadeva ), TaoNnI kA aMgrez2I anuvAda, laMdana, 1924-28 /

Page #795
788 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AlsaDorpha : buleTina oNva da skUla oNva da skUla oN| oriTiela sTaDIz2a jilda 8 / harmana jaikobI : pariziSTa parva, kalakattA, 1932 / sa0 A0 jogalekara : hAla sAtavAhanAcI gAthAsaptazatI, prasAdaprakAzana, puNe, 1956 / bihArI : bihArIsatasaI, devendra zarmA, AgarA, 1958 / e0 bI0 kItha : da saMskRta DrAmA, oNksaphorDa yUnivarsiTI, 1945 / bharata : nATyazAstra, gAyakavADa oriMTiela sIrIz2a, 1936 / kono : karpUramaMjarI, hArvarDa yunivarsiTI, 1901 / mAnakaDa DI0 Ara : TAipsa oNva saMskRta DrAmA, karAMcI, 9.936 / dinezacandra sarakAra : grAmara Ava da prAkRta laiMgvaija, yunivarsiTI oNva kalakattA, 1943 / : selekTa iMskrizansa, jilda 1, kalakattA, 1942 /

Page #796
anukramaNikA aMjanA 531 aMka lipi 63, 114 aMjanAsaMdarIkathA 489 aMga (deza)65, 163 (noTa), 548 aMjU 98 aMga33 (noTa),34, 44 aMDaya 191 aMga (AMga)55, 63 atarkathA 360 aMgacUliyA (kA) 33 (noTa), aMtagaDadasAo (aMtaHkRddazA)34, 42, 132, 153, 190 61,88, 95, 272, 352, 527 aMgadhArI muni 316 aMtaraMgakathA 489 aMganA 126 aMtaraMgaprabodha 524 aMgapaNNatti (aMgaprajJapti) 325 aMtaraMgasaMdhi 524 agapraviSTa 34 (noTa), 57, 189, aMtarIkSa 55, 63, aMtarvedI 367, 427 271, 292, aMgabAhya 33 (noTa), 57, 118, aMtyAkSarI 536 189, 207, 271, 292, 323 / / ___ aMdhagavaNhI (aMdhagavRSNi) 89, 122, aMga-magadha 43, 158 387, aMgarisi 187 aMbaSTha 60, 113, 200, aMgavijA (aMgavidyA) 60 (noTa), a hI aMbaDa (anArya deza)206 aMzikA 158 113 (noTa), 129, 13, 166, 370, 507, 671 aMgavijjAsiddhavihI 352 aimuttakumAra 90 aMgArakarma 67 (noTa), 86 aisaikhittakaMDaM 303 (noTa) aMgArika 642 akarmabhUmi 74 aMgAdAna (puruSendriya) 136 akalaMka (vaMdittasutta ke TIkAkAra) aMgulapadacUrNI 329 aMgulasaptatikAprakaraNa 349 akalaMka (vivekamaMjarI ke TIkAkAra) aMguttaranikAya 56 521 aguSTha 247 akalaMka (digaMbara AcArya) 271 agopAMga 267 (noTa), 275 aMghiya (A) 479 akAladantakappa 680 aMcalagacchIya (bRhaspaTTAvali)355 akriyA 54 aMjana 368, 423, 430 akriyAvAdI 60,74, 154, 202 aMjanazrI 148 akkharapuDiyA (lipi)2 187

Page #797
790 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa akSarArtha 193 ajiyasaMtithava (ajita zAMtistatra) akSapATa 222 570, 652,653 akSaramAtrabiMducyuta 536, ajIvakalpa 33 (noTa), 129, 130 akSINamahAnasa 286 aja maMgU (AyaM maMgU) 203, 207, 220 agaDadardura 81 ajjA81 agaDa (maha) 140 ajjukA 627 agaDadatta 199, 268 agaDadatta (muni)385 ajJAnavAda 52, 54 agassya 678 ajJAnavAdI 74, 202 agastyasiMha 174, 195 (noTa), 198, 'aTi puTi raTiM' (AMdhra meM) 428 255 aTThaviDaa 429 agrAyaNI 35 (noTa), 130, 288, aTThama (tapa) 559 324, 674 aTiyagAma (asthigrAma) 156, 354, 554, agniparIkSA 534 aThAraha pApasthAna 567 agmibhIru (ratha) 464 'aDi pADi mare' (karNATaka meM) 427, agnihotravAdI 202 aDilA 651 agnivezyAyana 207 (noTa) 'aDDe' (kA prayoga gola meM) 427 anizarmA (ziSya) 417 aNamisA 113 (noTa), 177 agghakaMDa (arghakAMDa)678 aNahilapura (aNahillapATa-pATaNa) 105, agra mahiSiyoM (kRSNa kI) 567 353, 354,373, 493, 599 aghora (yogIndra) 473 aNADhiya deva 383 acirAvatI (erAvatI) 60 aNiruddha 573 acelaka 142 aNIyasa 89 acelasva 270, 300 aNuvekkhA 301 (noTa) acela muni 47 aNujogagata 99 accha (chA)65, 114 (noTa) aNuyogadvAra ( anuyogadvAra ) 33 achidra 207(noTa) (noTa), 35, 38, 188, 190, ajayameru 373 197, 198, 275, 360, 376 ajAtazatru 107 aNuvratapAlana 498 ajAnatI 221 aNuttarovavAiyadasAo (anuttaroajita (yakSa)295 papAtika) 242, 61, 90, 95, ajitanAtha 529 272,352 ajitasiMha 526 atithi 59 ajitakesakaMbalI 64 (noTa) asthasastha (arthazAstra) 93, 189 ajitabrahma 326 (noTa), 249, 370, 380, 386, ajita brahmacArI 326 .. 416, 667, 668

Page #798
anukramaNikA 791. atimuktakacarita 526 anekAntavAda 331, 423 atharvaveda 80,387,388,390, annAyauMchaprakaraNa 349 adattAdAna 93, 214 anikAputra 207,307, 491, adantadhAvana 308 anya caritagraMtha 568 | addAlaya 187 anyatIrthika 145 adabhUtadarpaNa 626 apabhraMza 4, 5, 10, 267, 361 adbhoruga 185 (noTa), 417, 429, 440, 441 addhajaMghA (jUnA) 137, 227 (noTa), 444, 445, 455, 456, adRzya aMjana 450 463, 502, 506, 599, 202, advaitavAdI 52 603, 621, 639, 640, 642, adhara (abhinaya) 133 644, 645, 646, 647, 651, 657,691 adhvagamana 223 apabhraMza kAla 375 anaMgavatI 659 aparAjita 269 (noTa), 316 anaMtakIrtikathA 489 aparAjita kumAra 506 anaMtanAthastotra 448 aparAjitA 531, 532 anaMtanAhacariya (anaMtanAthacarita aparAjitasUri 174,305, 306 526,569 anaMtahaMsa 568 aparigraha 94 anagAra ke guNa 63 aparyuSaNA 142 anavasthApya 150, 159, 162 aparAnta (deza)684 antevAsI 153 apalepacihna 650 antaHpura 141 apavAijamANa 274 anAyatanavarjana 182 apazakuna (sAdhudarzana) 232 anAthI muni 357 apApAbRhatkalpa 354 anArya 50, 113, 145 apraticakrezvarI 296 anArya veda 390, 504 appayadIkSita 647, 656 animittA (lipi) 496 appayajvan 647 aniruddha bhaTTa 642 'appAM tuppAM' (marudeza meM prayoga) anuyoga 102 anumAna 192 aprAzuka 320 anuddhAtI 151, 159, 229 abdurrahamAna 540 anupravAdapUrva 230 abhitaraniyaMsiNI 185 anuyogadvAracUrNI 191, 260, 680 abrahma 93 anuyogadhArI 37 abhaya (kA AkhyAna)445 anuyogadvArasUtravRtti 505. abhayakumAra 75, 251 / anuSTupa 52, 586 abhaggaseNa 96 anUpa (deza)684 abhayaghoSa 307

Page #799
792 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa abhaya candra 313 amoghavarSa 291 abhayadAna 566 ammaDa 107, 187 abhayatilaka rANi 599 'amhaM kAuM tumheM' (lATa deza meM abhayakumAra 601 prayoga)427 abhayadevasUri (jayatihuyAga ke kartA) amRtacandrasUri 298, 299, 300 571 amRtAzIti 324 abhayadevasUri (maladhArI) 505 ayogava 200 abhayadevasUri 529 ayodhyA 351, 429, 533, 586, abhayadevasUri (vardhamAnasUri ke guru) 591 ayodhyAvAsI 423 abhaya devasUri 19, 40,56, 57, 62, argalA 106 66, 73 (noTa), 75, 88, 90, arahaMta 155 92, 95, 105, 132, 199, arahanAtha 393 267, 331, 332, 337, 340, ariSTanemi 59, 80, 89, 22, 169, 344, 345, 348, 355, 431, 525, 531 448, 519, 526, 669 ariSTanemikalpa 354 abhayadeva (paMcanigraMthIprakaraNa ke kartA) aruNopapAta (aruNovavAya) 104 349 (noTa), 153, 190 abhayasiMha 463 arebiyana nAiTa 268, 447 abhiSekazAlA 294 arjuna 207 (noTa) abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa 196 (noTa) arjuna (chaMdazAstra ke kartA) 653 abhinavagupta 594, 627, 656, 658 arjunaka 88, 89, 90 abhidhAnacintAmaNi 655 arthakathA 360, 361 abhimAnacihna 655, arthotpatti (ke sAdhana)419 abhinaya ke prakAra 433 ardhaphAlaka 270 (noTa) abhyutthAnasaMbaMdhI prAyazcitta 228 ardhaprAkRta 8 amaracandra kavi 634 ardhamAgadhI 4, 8, 11, 16, 19, 27, amarukazataka 575 29, 39, 40, 64, 71, 271, amaru 575 440, 611, 61 (noTa), 614, amama 568 637, 641, 643, 644, 649, amarasiMha 463 685, 686 amarakIrtisUri 342 arbudagiri (arbudAcala) 226, 561 amAri 482, 507 anandi 645 amAtya 220 alaMkAra 59, 354, 473, 475, 501, amitagati 305, 319 (noTa) 507 amitra kA lakSaNa 560 alaMkAracUNAmaNivRtti 594

Page #800
anukramaNikA 793 alaMkArazAstra 655, 656 alaMkAratilaka 17 (noTa) alaMkArasarvasva 661 alaMkAracUDAmaNi 595 alaMkAriya (nAI)97 alaMkAriyasabhA 82 alamor3A 633 alAuddIna 678 alAuddIna sulatAna 354 alAuddInI (mudrA) 679 alAuddIna muhammada khilajI 665 alpAhArI 152 avaMdhya (avaMjha)35 (noTa), 272 (noTa) avagrahapaMcaka 330 avacUri 182, 193 avadhezanArAyaNa 282 avantisukumAla 219 avantivamma 573 (noTa) avantivarmA 658 avantija 11, 611 (noTa),611 avantikA 29 (noTa) avantI 617, 640, 690 avadAnazataka 112 (noTa) avadha 353 avarNavAda 142 avalekhanikA 136 avahaTTa551, 654 avasarpiNI 71 avacUrNI 193 avarakaMkA 83 avagraha 223 avasanna 282 avasvApinI 560 avAha 65 avAntara varNa 200 avAmukhamallakAkAra 222 avAuDavasahI 495 avimAraka 615 azivopazaminI 221 azoka 464 azoka (rAjA)244 azoka (kAmazAstra meM kuzala) 370, 410 / azvaghoSa ke nATaka 614 azvaghoSa 4, 22, 23, 24, 611 (noTa), 612 (noTa), 614, 637 azmaka (deza)684 azvatara 651 azvatara (nAga) 255 (noTa) azvakrIr3A 456 azvamitra 60, 102 (noTa), 230 azvazikSA 439 azvayuddha 143 azvadAna 246 azvarUpadhArI yakSa 82 / azvasena 537 azvAvabodha tIrtha 354, 565 azvinI 323 aSTa mahApratihArya 330 aSTaka 431 aSTapAhuDa 297, 301 aSTamaMgala 112 aSTApada (jUA) 143 aSTApada (kailAza) 117, 249, 303, 344, 353, 393, 530 aSTAdhyAyI 8, 598, 603 aSTAMganimitta 60, 63, 63 (noTa), 72, 146, 207 (noTa), 247, 250, 285, 286, 324, 669, 672 aSTAMga Ayurveda 97

Page #801
794 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa aSTAhnikA (parva) 533 AkSepiNI 209, 361 (noTa) 'aSTAdazabhASAvAravilAsinIbhujaMga' AkRSTi 370, 450 AkhyAna 247, 358, 360, 361 asaMyama (satraha) 2 (noTa) asadbhAvavAdI 93 AkhyAnamaNikoza 362, 369, 374, asatIpoSaNa 64 (noTa) 444, 541 asattha-Asattha (azvattha)61, 139 AkhyAyikA 247,360,361 (noTa) asamAdhisthAna 247 AkhyAyikA (pustaka) 360,386 asamAdhisthAna (bIsa)63 AgaMtagAra 140 asamAdhisthAna (prAbhRta) 102 Agama 35, 153, 307 (noTa) AgamanagRha 159 asi yakSa 561 bhAgamavAdI 329 asita devala 187 (noTa) Agama sAhitya meM kathAyeM 356 asura 68 bhAgamoM kI vyAkhyAoM meM kathAyeM 358 astinAstipravAdapUrva 35 (noTa) AgamoM kA kAla 44 asnAna 479 AgamottarakAlIna jainadharmasaMbaMdhI astra 111 ahalyA 93 sAhitya 328 ahiMsA 93, 94, 178 Agamika 189 ahicchatra (ahichatrA) 83, 113, Agamika mata-nirAkaraNa 332 (noTa), 303, 353, 548 AgAra 246 AcAra 67 AMga (dekho aMga) AcAraprakalpa (nizItha) 135, AMcalika 332 150, 151,153 AMdhra 219, 244, 274, 279, 428, AcArapraNidhi 3.7 AcAravidhi (AyAravihi) 159, 464, 647 AMdhra-damila 246 344, 350 AMdhra vaMza 575 AcArasaMpadA 354 AMdhrI 612 AcArAMganiyukti 199 AmIya (AmIya) 189 ( noTa) AcArAMgasUtra (AyAraMga) 18, bhAurapacakkhANa (AturapratyAkhyAna) 34, 34 ( noTa), 41, 43, 45, 33 (noTa), 35, 123, 124, 57, 61, 62, 134, 177 128,190 (noTa), 194, 197, 198, Akara (maha) 141, 158 212, 214 (noTa), 271, AkarAvaMti (deza)684 275 (mUlAcAra), 292, 304, AkAzagAminI vidyA (AkAzagatA) 306, 307, 308 (mUlAcAra), 206, 250, 272 316,352 A

Page #802
anukramaNikA 795 AcArAMgacUrNI 234 AptamImAMsA 273 AcArya 150, 153 AbU 353 AcAryabha6148 AbhIra 262,646 (noTa) AcArya bhUtabali 289 AmIrI 612, 651 AcArya vIrasena 281 AbhUSaNa 112, 246 AjIvi(va)ka 58, 64, 71, 86, AmalakappA 108,550 (noTa , 103, 207 (noTa), 246,514, 668 Amracoyaka 144 AjIvikA 59, 144, 344 Amra devasUri 360,362, 439 (noTa), AjJA 153, 307 444 ATe ke murge kI bali 403 AmrapAna 237 AmrapezI 144 ATTa 627 (noTa) ATha nimitta (dekho aSTAMganimitta) AmrazAlavana 108 ADatiga 479 AyaMbila 379 Atatata 429 AyavisohI 190 AsmapramANa (yaSTi) 185 AyArajIdakappa 161 (noTa) AtmapravAdapUrva 35 (noTa), 102 AyAradasA(dasAsuyakkhaMdha)35, 154 (noTa), 174 Ayurveda 61, 432 Atreya 206 ArAdhanA 128 Adarza lipi 114 ArabI (dAsI)141 Adarzaghara (zIzamahala) 112 ArakSaka 218 Adassa 63 ArAdhanAkulaka 303 (noTa) AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye 14 25 ArAdhanATIkA 305 (noTa) ArAdhanApaMjikA 305 AdinAhacariya (AdinAthacarita) ArAdhanAparyaMta 303 (noTa) ___526, 568 ArAdhanAmAlA 304 (noTa) AdipurANa 273, 275 ArAdhanAniyukti 195 (noTa), 210, 310 Adeza 280, 283 AdyapaMcAzaka 348 ArAdhanApatAkA 33 (noTa), 129, 304 (noTa) AnaMda 65, 85 ArAdhanAsAra 317 Ananda gRhapati 557 ArAdhanAsUtra (ArAdhanA prakaraNa) AnaMdavardhana 595, 656, 658, 690 AnandavimalasUri 127 ArAma 260 bhAnandapura 155 (noTa) ArAmAgAra 138, 140 AnandasundarI 628, 632 ArAmasohA (ArAmazobhA)kathA Apaddharma 183 (noTa) 431, 489

Page #803
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa AIkakumAra 56, 202, 238 AlabhiyA (kA) 156, 354, 557 Ardrakapura 202 AliMganikA 227 AIkakumArakathA 489 AlIr3ha 432 Arya upakula kI bhASAyeM 3 Alekhya 366, 379, 423 AyamaMgu (maMca) 188, 207, 220, AlocanA 162, 207, 217, 303 276, 277, 291 AlocanAdvAra 182 Arya-anArya veda 389 AlsaDorpha (elsaDorpha) 383 Arya kula 60 Avatta (nAva)367, 481, 564 Arya kAlaka (kAlakAcArya) AvantI 18, 641, 643 142, 203, 206, 219, 244, AvayA (patnI)536 245, 247, 358, 501, 668 Avazyaka (chaha ) 34 (noTa), 189 Arya kSetra 113, 158, 223, 584 AvazyakacUrNI 37 (noTa), 197, Aya jaMbU 118 210 (noTa), 246 (noTa), Arya khapuTa 339, 431, 446 249, 381, 450, 456 Arya nandi (bIrasena ke guru)275 Avazyakaniyukti 60 (noTa), 161, Arya. nandi 277 (noTa) 163, 182, 194, 204, 204 Arya nAgahasti 188 (noTa), 208, 270, 275, Arya mahAgiri 207, 431, 491, 304, 308, 152 497 AvazyakabhASya 230 Arya rakSita 101, 190, 206, 219, Avazyakavyatirikta 34 (noTa), 189 250, 251, 503, 526 AvI (erAvatI)60 Arya roha 67 Avasmaya (Avazyaka) 33 (noTa), Arya vajra (vajrasvAmI) 101, 206, 34 (noTa), 35, 163, 172, 207, 250 189, 194, 196, 197, 198, Arya veda 250, 500 302, 310,359, 514 Arya zyAma 112, 188 AzAtanA 64, 141, 154 Arya samudra 220, 526 AzAdhara 305,323 AyaM skaMdaka 65, 67 aay'alpii 420 Arya skaMdila 37, 38, 198 AzIviSa 153, 285 Arya suhasthI (suhastI) 207, 497 / / Azcarya (dasa)61, 330 AryAoM ke upakaraNa 185 AzvalAyana 389 (noTa) AryA candanA (dekho candanabAlA) Azrama 158 ASADhAcArya (AsAr3hasUri) 60, AryA chaMda 393, 528, 580, 589 250, 503 AryAsaptazatI 575 ArSa prAkRta 21, 24,39,644, 645 AryikA 224 bhAsasya (azvattha)61

Page #804
anukramaNikA 797 AsaDa 490 isigiri 187 Asana 68, 112 isigili 294 AsanagRha 294 isitAla (RSitaDAga) 217 (noTa) AsaphavilAsa 666 isimaMDalathotta 571 Asuri 551 isibhAsiya (dekho RSibhASita) Asurukkha (AsurakSa) 189 (noTa), 187, 190, 195 (noTa) 220 (noTa), 309, 309 (noTa) I Asurya 309 (noTa) Ikha kI khetI 511 AhAravidhi 125 IDara 442 IpithikISaTtriMzikA 342 iMginImaNa 124, 230, 259 IrAna 265 iMdulekhA 659 IzvarakRSNa 189 (noTa) ikkAI (rahakUDa)95 Izvaramata 245 ica 139 IzvarAcArya 345 itugRha 101 IzvarI 367, 543, 544 ikSvAku 60,393, 529 IsaNI (dAsI)141 indra 49, 81,529, 531 IsANa (kavi)573 indrakIla 106 Isapa kI kahAniyAM 268 indrajAla 423 IhAmRga 108 (noTa) indrajIta 529 indradatta 431 uMbara 11 indradhvaja 69 uMbarAvatI 388 indranandi 324 ukaraDI 512 (noTa) indranIla (maNi)678 ukkacchiya 185 indrapada 497 (noTa) ugra 60, 114, 200 indrabhUti (gautama) 117, 201 ugrasena 609 indramaha 142, 146, 262, 390, udgamadoSa 180 422, 445, 458,560 uggahaNaMtaga 185 indravajrA 52 uccattariyA 62 ibhya 260 uccATana 370, 450 ibhyaputra 262 uccAra 139 ilAputra 206, 341, 445, 501 uccAra-prazravaNa (malamUtra) 144 ilAyacI 452 udhAraNAcArya 291 idhukArIya 167 uddavAtita 61 'isi kisi misi' (tAjika deza ujjhikA 81 kA prayoga) 428 ujita (rAjaputra) 512

Page #805
798 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ujjhiya 95 uttara-pratyuttara 360 ujjuvAliyA 156 uttarabalissaha 61 ujjainI ( ujjayinI) 101, 118, uttara bihAra 165 (noTa) 226, 227, 244, 245, 270 uttarapurANa 273 (noTa) 373, 422, 446, 456, uttarAphAlgunI 115 457, 464, 473, 480, 545, uttarAdhyayanasUtravRhadvRtti 198 uttarAdhyayanavRsi 522 uTThiya upaka 514 uttarAdhyayanabhASya 230 uMDA 372 (noTa) uttarAdhyayananiyuki 203 uDDAha 213 uttarApatha 215, 222, 250, 417, uDDiyAyaNa (deza)449 uDDI (lipi) 496 uttarAdhyayanacUrNI 247 utkala 665 uttaradeza kI nArI 263 uskAlika 34 (noTa), 4, 504, uttara pradeza 353 186, 190, 207 uttAnamallakAkAra 222 utpalA 96 uttAnakhaMDamablaka 222 utsava 112, 246, 422 udaMbara 139 utsarpiNI 116 udaka 202 utsUtrakhaMDana 333 udayana (rAjA)65, 72,566 utpAta 63 udayaprabha 491 utpAda 272 udayagiri 681 utpAdapUrva 35 (noTa), 103 udayasiMhasUri 341 utthAna zruta (uDhANasuya) 153, 190 udaya saubhAgyagaNi 643 uttama puruSa (cauvana)64 udAna (aTThakathA) 268 uttamarSi 439 (noTa) udAyana (udrAyaNa) 73, 341 uttama zruta 133, 246 udAyana (RSi)207 uttaraMga 223, 545 udAyI 251 uttaraguNa 231 udAyI hastI74 uttararAmacarita 623 udAharaNa 354, 360 uttarajjhayaNa (uttarAdhyayana) 33 uddeha 61 (noTa), 34 (noTa), 35, udhAna 112, 260 41, 43, 64, 163, 175, 194, udyotanasUri 13, 360 (noTa), 362, 196, 197, 203, 261,271, 377, 394, 416, 417, 526, 307, 323, 325, 352, 357, 535, 688 360,375, 527, 541 upakathA 360 uttarapratipatti 275,276 upakozA 468 (noTa)

Page #806
anukramaNikA R upadhAna 655, 227 uvasaggahara 571 upavAsa 68 uvavAiya (ovavAiya-aupapAtika) upasarga 206 104, 190 upadezaciMtAmaNi 490 uvahANapaihApaMcAsaya 352 upadezapada 37 (noTa), 362, 367, uvahANavihi 351 373, 490, 499 uvAsagadasAo (upAsakadazA-upAupadezakaMdali 490, 521 sakAdhyayana)34,61,85,95, upadezakaMdaliprakaraNa 521 272, 352 upadezaratnakoza 490 usagArA (machalI) 113 (noTa) upadezamAlAprakaraNa (puSpamAlA) usANiruddha 607, 609, 638, 690 360,362,514 upadezaratnamAlA 362 UnodarI 152 upadhi 184, 226 Urjayanta ( ujayanta) 694, 303, upadhinirUpaNa 182 565 upAMga 33 (noTa), 34, 271 upAkhyAna 361 (noTa) upAdhyAya 150 RkSavat (parvata) 684 upAdhyAya yazovijaya 114, 335 Rgveda 3, 5, 58, 80, 356 upAdhyAyazAlA 562 RNabhaMjaka 93 upAnaha 185 RNapIDita 58 upanAgara 640 RSabhapaMcAzikA 570, 655 upanibaMdha 473 RSabhadatta 72, 355, 557 upaniSad 356 RSabhadeva 62 (noTa), 116, 156, upamitibhavaprapaMcAkathA 361 (noTa 206, 249, 250, 319, 525, 375, 514 551, 565 uparUpaka 62 RSi (pariSad)111 umAsvAmi (ti) 273, 339, 526 RSiyoM kI bhASA (ArSa) 16 umbaradatta 97 RSika (deza)684 uroha 106 RSitaDAga 226, 683 ullUkhA~ 354 RSiputra 670 ullAsikrama (vyAkhyA) 570 (noTa) RSidattAcarita 596 uvaemamAlA (upadezamAlA-puSpa- RSibhASita (dekho itibhAsiya) mAlA )362, 373, 490, 500, 33 (noTa), 64, 129, 694, 505 (bhavabhAvanA) 202, 230, 273 (noTa) uvaesarayaNAyara (upadezaratnAkara) RSibhASitaniyukti 34 (noTa) 490, 521, 522 RSizaila 294

Page #807
elakAkSa 431 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihaas| autpattikI (autpAtika)206, 358, ekAvihAra 155 493, 504 e. ema. ghATage 25 (noTa), 167 audAryacintAmaNi 648 (noTa), 175 (noTa) aupadezika kathA-sAhitya 490 ekAlApa 502 aurala sTAina 16 ekapuTa (egapuDa) 137, 227 auSadha 68, eka (sIne kI vidhi) 137 auSadhi (cAra prakAra ) 523 'ege le' (magadha kA prayoga) 127 eDakAkSapura 497 (noTa) kaMkola 564 lara 649 kaMcuka 185, 420 erAvatI 59, 60, 143, 160 kaMcukipuruSa 141 ernesTa lauyamana (laoNyamana) 26 kaMTakAdi (uddharaNa)229 378 (noTa) kaMThAbharaNa 660 kaMThIrava 632 elA 564 kaMDarIka 85 elAcArya 297 kaMDarIka (dhUrtaziromaNi) 413, 494 elAsAr3ha 211, 413 kaMvala 68 elsaDorpha (AlsaDorpha) 470 kaMbala 651 ehaM teha' (Dhakka deza kA prayoga) kaMbala-zavala (mabala-zaMbala ) 255 (noTa), 446,556 airAvaNa 54 kaMbiyA 109 o-au kaMboja deza 111, 203 ogha 280, 283 kaMsa 393, 508, 567 kaMsa (aMgadhArI)316 oghaniyukti bhASya 232 olaggazAlA 294 kaMsabadha 508, 665 kaMsavaho 586, 607, 609, 638,690 onDA 654 ovavAiya (uvavAiya-aupapAtika) kacolaka (pAtra )264 kaTapUtanA 451,556 34,66, 108 kaTahala 452 ohanijatti (oghaniyukti) 34 kaTukamatanirAkaraNa 332 (noTa), 35, 102 (noTa) kaNikA 113 (noTa) 161, 163, 182, 194, 196, kaNiyAra 61 239, 668 kaNhacariya 567 auDrI 643 kaNhadIpAyana jAtaka 268 aurakalI 642 kaNhapA 318 (noTa) 427

Page #808
anukramaNikA kattigeyANuvekkhA 302 (noTa), 312 kapila (ya)482 kathAvijJAna 360, 386 kapila (sAMkhyamatapravartaka) 451 kathA (prakAra) 209, 310, 418 551 kathAoM ke rUpa 360,361 (noTa), kapila (brAhmaNa) 499 418 kapizIrSaka 106 kathAoM kA mahatva 356 kapola (abhinaya) 433 kathAgranthoM kI bhASA 372 kappa (bRhatkalpa) 35, 99, 134, kathAkoSa (prAkRta meM) 439 (noTa) 154, 157, 190, 194, 196, kathAnakakoza (dhammakahANayakosa) 197, 203, 21, 217, 247, 439 (noTa) 304,306, 323 kathAmahodadhi 439 (noTa) kappacUrNI 246 kathAranAkara 439 (noTa) kappavaDhaMsiyAo34, 118,121,190 kathAratnAkaroddhAra 439 (noTa) kappAkappiya 190 kathAsaritsAgara 28,382 (noTa) kappAsibha 189 kathAsaMgraha 439 (noTa) kappiyA 118, 190 kadalIghara 112 kamaTha 546 kadalIgRha 294 kamaDhaga (kamaDhaka) 185, 218 kanakakarma 423 kamalapura 388 kanakapaTTa 482 kamalaprabhAcArya 571 kanakamaJjarI 268 kamalasaMyama 164 kanakalatA 309 kamalAmelA 220 kanakasattari 189 kammaNadosa 550 kanADI 570 kammasthava 336, 337 kaniSka 43 kammapayaDi (karmaprakRti) 103, 335, kanera ke phUla 547, 560 kADa 423 kammavivAga 61,336, 337 kannauja (dekho kAnyakubja) 28, karamavivAyadasA 94 423, 589, 592, 646 (noTa) kayavarukkuruDa (kacare kI phUr3I) 512 kanyA kA punarvivAha 549 karakaNha 168, 203, 207, 268, kanyAnayamamahAvIrakalpa355 358, 527 kanyA vikraya 469, 500 karalakkhaNa 676 kapaTagranthi 492 karuNAdAna 567 kapardikayakSa (kavaDiyakSa) kalpa 354, karNabhAra 611 (noTa) 446,561 karNazodhaka 136 kapAsa 139 karNATaka 326, 353, 366, 427 kapila 642 karNIsuta 413 (noTa) 51 prA0 sA0

Page #809
802 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kapUra 564 kaliMjara parvata 549 karpUramaMjarI 22, 27, 573 (noTa), kalelA damanA kI kahAnI 268 606, 610, 628, 631, 632, kalpa (aMga) 104 633, 634, 638 (noTa), 654, kalpapradIpa (vividhatIrthakalpa) 353 656, 659, 664, 690 kalpavyavahAra 271, 325 karpUramaMjarIkAra 628 kalpavRkSa 62 karbaTa (ka) 149, 158, 221, 310 kalpasUtra (pajjosaNAkappa) 33 (noTa), karmaArya 114 40, 43, 155, 525 karmakANDa 277 kalpAkalpa 271,323, 325 karmakAra 191, 249 kalpAtIta 128 karmagraMtha 197,336, 337, 349 kalpAdhyayana (bRhaskalpa) 157 karmagati 412 kalpopapanna 128 karmajA (buddhi) 493 kalyANavijaya 129 karmajaMgita 219 kallANayathotta 572 (noTa) karmapariNati 371 kallANavAda 272 (noTa) karmapravAda (pUrva) 102 (noTa), kallaNAloyaNA 326 174, 247275 kalhaNa 29 (noTa) karmabaMdha 156 kavaca 33 (noTa), 132 karmabhUmi 74 kavaDaga 216 karmasiddhAnta 335 kavalAhArI 152 karmasaMvedyabhaMgaprakaraNa 349 kavidarpaNa 651, 652, 653 karmAdAna (pandraha) 64 (noTa), 86,455 kaSAya (cAra) 62 kalaMda 60 kasAyapAhuDa (kapAyaprAbhRta) 272 kalaza (pAdhU)321 (noTa), 275, 277, 284, 290, kalaza 295 314, 336 kalaha 112 kahANayakosa (kathAkoSaprakaraNa-jinekalA 75, 75 (noTa), 111, 189, zvarasUrikRta) 362, 374, 431, 379, 400, 439, 507 674 kalA (AcArya) 111 kahAnibaMdha 535 kalAMkura 413 (noTa) kahArayaNakosa (kathAratakoza-guNaca. kalAvatI 627 ndragaNikRta)362, 369, 374, kalikAlasarvajJa (hemacandra ) 456 448,546, 669, 671 kalikaMDa 548 kahAvali (kathAvali) 439 (noTa), kaliMga 13 (noTa), 233, 326, 525, 671 "370, 459, 185, 678, 682 kahAvIha 535

Page #810
anukramaNikA 803 kahAvate 360, 443, 448 kAyacikitsA 61 (noTa) kAMcanA 93 kAyotsarga 50, 189, 207, 330 kAMcanapura 313 (noTa), 233 kAyotsarga-dhyAna 173 kAMcIdezIya 27 kArtikeya 302 (noTa), 312 kAMcIpura 227,370, 442 kArpaTika 423 kAMtideva 590 kArmika 206 kAMpilya 61, 113 (noTa), 141 / / kAlakAcArya (dekhoAryakAlaka) 439 kAkajaMgha 504 (noTa)491, 517, 575, 667 kAkaruta 430,507 kAlakelA 389 . kAgaNI ( kAkiNI) 216. 223 kAlacakravicAraprakaraNa 349 kAtyAyana 636, 637, 351 kAlaNNANa (jyotiSkaraMDaka) 247 kAtyAyinI devI 369, 340, 432, (noTa) 450, 547, 549 kAlamegha (mahAmanla)553 kAdambarI 361 (noTa), 417, 501 kAlasI 681 kAnana 260 kAlasena 370, 449 kAnanadvIpa 222 kAlAguru 564 kAnyakubja (kI utpatti) 390, 60, kAlAsavesiyaputta 67 kApAlika 368, 369, 19, 452, kAlika (ya) 35, 37, 41, 104, 538, 5.9 186, 189, 207, 230, 273 kApilika 182, 191 (noTa) kApilIya (adhyayana) kAlikaTa 630 kApizAyana 111 (noTa) kAlikAyariyakahANaya (kAlikAkApotikA 225 cAryakathAnaka) 455 kAmakathA 360,361 kAlidAsa 25, 521, 550, 586, kAmakrIr3A 443 590, 596, 633, 660 kAmajasayA 96 kAlidAsa ke nATaka 619 kAmar3hiya 61 kAlipAda mitra 188 (noTa) kAmadattA 589 kAliyadvIpa 84, 357 kAmadeva (zrAvaka)86, 341 kAlodadhi 347 kAmapatAkA (vezyA) 393 kAloda samudra 296 kAmarUpa 370, 450 kAlodAI 225 kAmazAstra 191 (noTa), 370, 410, kAvya 423 (noTa), 473, 475, 507 480, 507, 542 kAmasUtra 189 (noTa) kAvyaprakAza 662, 663, 664, 665 kAmAMkura 370, 40, 467 kAvyamImAMmA 11 (noTa), 29 kAmikI 358 (noTa), 575, 629

Page #811
804 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa kAmyAdarza 12, 28, 656 kuMtideva 592 kAvyAnuzAsana 361 (noTa) 594, kuMthalagiri 303 595, 612 (noTa), 663 664 kuMthu 393 kAvyAlaMkAra 7 (noTa), 10(noTa), kuMdakuMda 273, 275, 397, 312, 687 17, 27, 29 (noTa), 657 kuMdalatA 309 kAzI 65, 113 (noTa), 156, 353 kuMbhakarNa 586 kAzmIra 678 . kuMbhanagara (kuMbheragar3ha) 677 kAzyapa (kAsava) 42, 60, 115, kuMbhIcakra 237 222156, (grAma),247, 249 kuMbhIlaka 30 (zilpI) kukura (deza)684 kASThakarma 143 kukkuTa yuddha 393 kASThakAra 192 kukkuDesara (caitya)548 kASThasaMdhI 326 kukkuraka 200 kASThAsaMgha 320, 320, (noTa), 321 kuTTinImata 191 (noTa), 423 (noTa) kiTTisa 191 kuDaMga (dvIpa) 421 kiNika 219 kuDaMgesaradeva (kA maTha)446 'kitto kimmo' (aMtarvedI kA prayoga) kuhukka (kurga) 244 427 kuNAla 114 (noTa) kinArI 227 . kuNAla kI kathA 268 kinnara ( moTipha) 108 (noTa) kuNAlA 43, 145, 155, 160 kirADa (baniyA) 424 (noTa), 438 kuNDanagara 323 kirAta 113 kutIrtha 245 kirAtArjunIya 595 kuttoM se kaTavAnA 49 kITAgiri sutta 215 (noTa) kutrikApaNa 227 kIDaya 191 kudAna 246 kIDI (lipi)496 kudharma 246 kItha (DAkTara)5(noTa) kupakSakauzikasahasrakiraNa (pravacanakImiyA 149 parIkSA)332 kIra deza 367, 427 kuprAvacanika 190 kIrticandra 517 kuberadatta 491 kuMkuma 564 kuberayajJa 449 kuMDaggAma 72 kubhASA 287 kuMDalameNTha 226 kumatimatakudAla 332 kuMDalavara dvIpa 296 kumA 136 (noTa) kuMta 564 kumAra (svAmikArtikeya)312 kuMtala 28, 627, 646 (noTa), 656 kumAra 220

Page #812
anukramaNikA / 805 805 kumArapAla 441, 569,599, 652 kuvalayamAlAkAra 674 kumArapAla (banArasIdAsa ke sAthI) kuvalayAnanda 647 kuvalayAvalI 596 kumAra (gRhastha) pravrajita 59, 63 kuvalayAzvacarita 607, 665 kumArabhRtya 61 (noTa) kuvata 246 kumAravAlacariya (kumArapAlacarita) kuza 529, 534 365, 598 kuzalabala (siddha)450 kumAravAlapaDiboha (kumArapAlaprati* kuzalasiddhi (maMtravAdI)452 bodha)362, 371, 463, 569 kuzAvarta 113 (noTa) kumArazramaNa 189, 110 kuzAstra 245 kumArasiMha 531 kuzIla 139, 202, 230 kumArasena muni 321 kuSmANDI devI 470 kumArila (purAtana kavi) 573 (neTa) kusatthala 354 kumArI kanyA 549 kusalANubaMdhi 123 kummAputtacariya 568 kUTaprAha 96 kummAputta 187, 187 (noTa) kUTAgArazAlA 110 kummAragAma 554 kUNika 107, 18, 120, 156,208, kuraMgI 615 251, 512 (noTa) kuru 113 (noTa), 287 'kUpajala' 376 kurukSetra 59 kUpadRSTAntavizadIkaraNaprakaraNa 349 kurucandra 521 kUrmapratiSThA 352 kula Arya 114 kUlavAla (ga) 464, 497, 521 kulakara 116 kUSmANDa 403 (noTa) kulacandra 348 kUSmAMDinI 274, 296, 673 kulaita 309 kRtakaraNa 226 kuladevatA 403, 449 kRtapuNya 437, 503 kuladevI 488, 549 kRtikarma 271, 323 kulaputraka 131 kRtti 225 kulamaMDana 113 kRtsna (vana) 159, 226 kulamaMDanasUri 674 kRpaNa 59 kulavadhu aura vezyA 461 (noTa) kRSipArAzara 203 kuluhA (pahAr3I)89 kRSNIyavivaraNa 154 kuvalaya canda 429 kRSNa 268, 374, 381, 508, 525, kuvalayamAlA 19 (noTa), 360 527, 567, 609, 610 (noTa)362, 365,366, 367, kRSNa kI mapra mahiSiyoM 6. 373, 377, 41, 429, 535 kRSNa kI lIlA 604

Page #813
kha anukramaNikA 807 kramadIzvara 639, 140 khAmaNAsutta (dhAmaNAsUtra ) 186 kriyA 54 khAravela 217 (noTa), 681 kriyAvAdI 74, 154, 202, 368 khuja 234 kriyAvizAla 35 (noTa) khujjA (kubjA) 141 kriyAsthAna 55, 62 khaDiyAvimANapavibhatti 190 klIva (dIkSA ke ayogya ) 58, 159 khudAbaMdha (tullakavaMdha)276, 284 klosa bahana 526 (noTa) khurappa (jahAja)367, 481, 564 kSapaNaka 641 khurasANa 654 khurAsAnI mudrA 679 kheTa (kheDa) 149, 158, 221 khaMDakathA 361 (noTa) khelauSadhiprApta 286 khaMDasiddhAnta 274 khomiya (vastra) 136, 136 (noTa) khaMDA (khaMDapANA)211,213, 413 khaMdasirI 96 khaMdhakaraNI 185 gaMga 60 khaMbhAta 373, 442 gaMgaDa (naukara) 475 khaTTa564 gaMgadeva 316 gaMgavaMza 312 khar3aga 564 khar3iyA miTTI (se akSara) 496 / / gaMgA 59, 60, 143, 160, 245, khattiyakuMDagrAma 72, 156 500, 507 khanyavAda (khanyavidyA ) 354,370 gaMgAlaharI 666 khapuTAcArya 471, 667 gaMgA kI utpatti 268 khapusA (jUtA) 137, 227 gaMDaka (gaMDakI) 59 (noTa), 225 kharakulliya (jahAja)367, 564 (noTa), 250, 557 kharadUSaNa 391, 530, 532 gaMDayassakanA 489 kharasAviyA (pukkharasAriyA)2 gaMDikAnuyoga 103 kharatara gaccha 332 gaMDerI 430 kharoThiyA (kharoSThI) 11, 62, 114, gaMDopadhAna 227 637, 681 gaMdharvakalA 432 kharoSThI dhammapada 16 gaMdharvikA 208 kharoSTI zilAlekha 27 gaMdhava (lipi)63 khajUrasAra 111 (noTa) gaMdhahastI (AcAya) 45, 198, 650 khallakabaMdha (jUtA) 137 noTa gaMdhArA (vidyA)389 khallaga (jUtA) 137, 227 gaMdhiyazAlA 152 khavalla (machalI) 113 gaMdhodaka 532 khalabhUmi 388 gaMbhIra (samudrataTa) 540

Page #814
808 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gaggaraga (sIne kI vidhi) 137 garulovavAya (garuDopapAna) 153, gaccha 54, 127 190,448 gacchAcAra (gacchAyAra)33 (noTa), garga 675 35, 123, 127, 148, 267 gargarSi 336 gajapaMtha 303 gardabhI vidyA 458 gajapura (hastinApura) 113 (noTa) gardabhitra 129, 244, 245, 456, gajasAra 346 gajasukumAla 89, 307, 567 garbhagRha 294 gajAmrapada tIrtha 497 garbhaharaNa 6. gajAnapada parvata 431, 497 (noTa) galitaka (chaMda) 586 gajaNavaha (gajanI kA bAdazAha) gAMgeya 71 130 (noTa) gAMgeyaprakaraNa 349 gaNa 156 gAMdharva (kalA) 432, 439 gaNadharavAda 206 gAMdhAra 28, 646 (noTa) gaNadhara 33, 34 (noTa), 39, 62, gAMdhAra (zrAvaka) 203, 350 189,271, 503 gAgarA (machalI) 112 (noTa) gaNadharasAdhazataka 526 gAgali 557 gaNadharastavana 572 gAthA 360, 440, 691 gaNapAlaka 238 gAthAsahasrI 584 gaNabhukti 238 gAruDamaMtra 560 gaNAvacchedaka 150 gAruDazAstra 370, 432, 507, 680 gaNAvacchedikA 151 gAya 389 (noTa) gaNikA 144, 386 (utpatti), gAlidANa 372 (noTa) 6.4, 619 (noTa) gAhAkosa (gAthAkoSa-gAthAsaptazatI) gaNiya (lipi)3 14, 574, (noTa), 544 gaNita 67, 146, 189, 281 (gaNita. gAhAsattasaI (gAthAsaptazatI) 377, zAstra), 507 573, 575, 584, 659, 660, gaNitAnuyoga 273 (noTa) 664, 665, 690 gaNipiTaka 44, 188 gAhAlakkhaNa 652 gaNivijjA (gaNividyA)33 (noTa), gAhinI (chaMda)528 35, 123, 128, 190 gijhakUTa 294 (noTa) gaNisaMpadA 154 girinagara (giranAra ) 274, 278, gatapratyAgata 502 464, 681 gambhayA (machalI) 13 (noTa) girimaha 140 gamika zruta 189 giroliyAruta (chipakalI kA zabda) gaha kI pUjA 500 530

Page #815
anukramaNikA 809 gItagovinda 647 gurjara 326,367 gIta 360, 379, 473, 480 gurjaradeza 427 guMjAliyA 260 gurjarI (mudrA) 679 guMDa (goTila)90 guhilota 373 guggula bhagavAn 207 guhmaka 146 gujarAta 353, 373, 431, 596 gUgala 560 gujarAta (kA nAgara apabhraza) 551 gUDhacaturthapAda 536 guTikAsiddhapuruSa 454 gUDhacaturthagoSThI 410 guNacandra 410 gUDhokti 501 guNacandragaNi (devendrasUri) 362, gUDhottara 429 367, 369, 431, 448, 546, gRddhapiccha AcArya 275, 297 550, 669, 671, 688 gRhapati (pariSad)111 guNadhara 98 (noTa), 277, 291 gRhapravezalagna 679 guNapAla 534 gRhidharma 191 guNabhadra 273, 321, 527 geya ke prakAra 59,423 (noTa), guNaratna (avacUrilekhaka) 124, 127 . 612 (noTa) guNaratna (zruta) 128 gairika 246 guNaratna (SaDdarzanasamuccaya ke TIkA- go (AkhyAna)445 kAra)320 (noTa) gokula 452 guNaratna (navya bRhatkSetrasamAsa ke gocaryA 220 ___ karnA)347 gocoraka 93 guNavrata 68 gocchaka 185 guNavinayarmANa 343 gotama (gautama indrabhUti) 60, 65, guNazila caitya 76, 157, 219 95, 111, 112, 115 (gotra), guNasthAna 276, 278, 280 164, 170,1 71, 269, 274, guNasthAnakamArohaprakaraNa 349 297, 316, 529, 601 guNADhaya 4, 28,356, 377, 382, gotamabhApita 524 383, 417, 573 (noTa), 575 gotamIputra 683 gupta vaMza 417 gona (nakSatroM ke) 115 gotrAsa 96 gupti-samiti 230 godAna 246 guru ke guNa 518 godAsa 61 guruguNapatriMzikAprakaraNa 349 gopucchika 301 gurutazvavinizcaya 351 gopAla 651, 655 gurudatta 317 gopura 260 guruvaMdana 330 gopyasaMgha (yApanIya) 320, 320 (noTa) guru-ziSyasaMbaMdha 148 gobhadra 554

Page #816
810 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gomaMDala 393 gauDI 657 gomaTTa (bAhubali)312 gautama (RSi) 187 (noTa), 191 gomaTTasaMgraha 313 gausama (nemitika) 201 gomaTTasaMgrahasUtra 313 gautama buddha 614 gomadRsAra 189 (noTa), 271 gaulmika 218 (noTa), 277,312,314 grahASTaka 679 gomaTTarAya 312 grAma 149, 158, 221, 222, 235 gomAyuputrArjuna 207 (noTa) (paribhASA) gomuttiga (sIne kI vidhi) 137 grAma (rAgabheda) 433 gomUtra (pAna) 180, 180(noTa) grAmaghAtaka 93 govadana (yakSa) 295 grAmadharma (abrahma)93 goliyazAlA 152 grAmAnugrAma (bihAra) 33, 142 golla deza 237, 252, 367, 423, grAmINa kI kathA 504 427 grAmeyaka kI kathA 504 govardhana 574 grAmya jIvana kA citra 592 govarddhana 269 (noTa),316 glAna (rogI) 142 govrata 246 gvAliyara 373 govratika 191 govinda 209 ghaMTazilA 353 govindAbhiSeka 604 dhattA 471 govindaNijutti (govindaniyukti) ghanazyAma 632 209,217 ghur3asAla 436 govindavAcaka (bauddha AcAya) 208, ghoTakamukha 189 (noTa) 217,498 ghor3oM ke lakSaNa 562 gozAla 55, 65, 73, 191 (noTa), ghoraziva 369, 551, 552 202, 247, 250, 491, 556, ghoSa 158 557 gozAlamata 63, 64 (noTa) caMDakauzika 554, 556 goSThAmahila 60, 250 caMDarudra 446 goSThI 90, 612 caMDikA 452 gosala 653 caMDikA (Ayatana) 549 gauDa 287,326, 589, 601, 642 caMDI devaka 202 gauDavadhasAra 590 caMdanabAlA (caMdanA) 371, 380, gauDavaho (gauDavaho) 14, 26, 437, 445, 491, 553, 517, .. 585, 586, 549, 591, 594, caMdasUrapannatti (candrasUrgaprApti) 656, 685, 690 128, 267

Page #817
anukramaNikA 811 caMdraprabhA 111 (noTa) caturbhuja 333 caMpA 61, 83, 84, 105, 113 (noTa) caturbhANI 589, 618 (noTa) 139 (vRkSa), 141, 156, 174, caturvedI brAhmaNa 358 294,303, 353, 354, 556 caturvidha saMgha 557 caukaDIyA 679 caturvizanijinastavana 572 'cauDaya' 427 cartuviMzatistava 189, 271 cauppadikA (caupAI) 432 caturviMzatiprabaMdha 355 caupannamahApurimacariya 373, 525 catuSkanayika 103 causaraNa (catuHzaraNa)33 (noTa), candapaNNatti (candraprajJapti) 34, 42,58, 117, 118, 190, 267 cakora (parvata) 684 272, 273, 284, 293 cakravartI 117, 155, 274 candappahacariya 569 cakradhara 233, 450, 611 candalehA 628, 630, 633 cakrizAlA 152 candasAmi 573 (noTa) cakrezvara (sArdhazatakavRtti ke kartA) candahasthi 573 (noTa) candAvijjhaya (candrAvedhyaka) 33 cakrezvara (zatakavRhatbhASya ke kartA) (noTa), 123, 190 candrakalAnATikA 665 cakrezvara (sUcamArthasattariprakaraNa ke candrakAntA 555 kartA)349 candrakIrti 653 cakrezvarI 295, 482, 488 candragaccha 374, 488 caTTa (chAtra) 423 candragupta 36, 231, 232, 244, caDDAvalli 537, 541 268, 270 (noTa), 295 caNDa 28 (noTa), 636, 639 candraguphA 274, 278, 303 caNDasiMha (vaitAla)547 candranakhA 530, 532 caNDI -3, 4.5 candraprabha 526 caNDIpUjA 488 candraprabhasvAmIcarita 526 caNDIdevazarman 640 candraprabha mahattara 568 cattAdisaya 572 candrabhAgA 60,417 catardaza jIvasthAna 62 candrarpi mahattara 337 caturdaza pUrva 62, 274 candrasega (vAcaka) 675 caturdaza rana 62 candralegyA 255 caturdaza vidyAsthAna 101 campakamAlA 559, 671 caturdazapUrvI jina 285 camara 295 caturdaza prakIrNaka 325 caraNakaraNAnuyoga 230 caturnaya 103 caraNavihi 190

Page #818
812 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa carikA 106 cArumati 659 carittapAhuDa 301 cAlukya (caulukya) 267, 354, carcarI 360, 449 373, 463 carma 152, 185, 226 cAsaNiya 679 carma ke upakaraNa 225 cAhamAna 373 carmakoza 185 cikitsA 480 carmakhaMDibha 191 cikitsAlaya 82 camaccheda 185 ciDaya 372 (noTa) carmapaMcaka 330 citta (sArathi) 109 calana (abhinaya) 433 cittasaMbhUta jAtaka 167 (noTa) calanikA 185 cittasaMbhUti 164, 357 caSaka (pakSI) 522 cittasamAdhi sthAna 154 cAukkaDa 354 cittaur3a 373 cANakya 127, 219,231,232, citrakarma 143, 158, 423, 473, 259, 268, 491, 503, 668 480 cANakkakoDilla 189 ( noTa) citrakarasutA 503 cANakyI (lipi) 496 citrakAra zreNI81 cANUra 609 citrakAra 114, 192, 249 cANDAla 200, 374 citragRha 294 cANDAlI 31, 612,612(noTa), citrapriya yakSa 446 617, 619, 640, 643, 690 citravidyA 249 cAturmAsika (pratikramaNa ) 186 citrasabhA 82 cAturyAma 56, 56 (noTa), 58, 65, citrAMgada 596 67, 109, 170,390, 550 cilamacI 436 cAdara 447 (noTa) cilamili (kA) 136, 158, 185 cAmuMDarAya 312,313, 334, 527 cilAiyA (kirAtikA) 141 / / cAmuMDA 333, 446, 542 cilAtI (ta)putra 206, 219, 307 cAra prakAra ke yuddha 509 358, 445, 491 cAragapAlaya (jelara)97 cIna 29 (noTa), 678 cAraNa 65 cInadvIpa 405 cAraNabhAvanA adhyayana 153 cInasthAna 388 cAritra (pAMca)303 cInAMzuka 447 cAritrasiMhagaNi 526 cInI turkistAna 16, 27 cArudatta 30 cIrika 191 cArudatta 508, 523, 567 cuMcuNa 60 cArudatta (nATaka)615, 616, 657 culaNIpitA 87, 524

Page #819
anukramaNikA 813 culakappasua 190 caityavaMdana 196, 330 culavagga 227 (noTa) caitra gaccha 374 cuyazataka 87 cokkhA parivrAjikA 81 cUDAmaNi (sAra-zAstra) 275, 354, coyaniryAsasAra 111 (noTa) 370, 449, 559, 669, 671 corapallI 96 cUta (Ama) 139 colapaTTa 185 cUrNa 144 caudaha paripATI 344 cUrNI 193, 196, 196 (noTa), caubIsa tIrthakara 128, 173, 295 caura RSi 500 ra7pa cUrNIpada 197 (noTa) cyutAcyatazreNikA 103 cUrNI-sAhitya 234, 359 / cUlagiri 303 chaMna 67, 104, 360, 423, 473, cUlanirukti 197 (noTa) 480, 507 cUlavaMsa 189 (noTa) chakamma 336 cUlika (cUDikA) 29 (noTa) chaNiya 96 cUlikApaizAcI 28, 29, 599, 602, chatra 152, 295 603, 644, 645, 646 chatrakAra 192 cUlikA (pariziSTa) 45, 51, 174 chatrapallI 505 cUlikA 102, 272 chatravatI (pariSad )221 cUlikAprakIrNaprajJapti 325 chatrazilA 353 ceyavaMdaNabhAsa 340 chandas (vAGmaya kI bhASA) 7 ceTa 30 ceTaka 118,251, 359 chandaH kaMdalI 652, 653 chandolakSaNa 653 ceTakakathA 247, 359, chandonuzAsana 652, 654, 663 381 chaha karma grantha 336 cedi 114 (noTa), 601, 682 chaha Avazyaka 329 celanA 93, 120, 157, 251, chaha bhaMga 171 359, 435 chAgaliya 97 caitya (cAra prakAra ke )223 chAjana 112 caitya vRkSa (dasa)61,64, 295 chAyA 193 caityaka 294 (noTa) chAtra 424 caitya ke prakAra 330 china 294 caisyapaMcaka 330 chIMka kA vicAra 448 caityapUjA 436 chIMkA 136 caityAlaya 430 cheda 162 casyamaha 40 chedana 308

Page #820
814 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ja 0 000. 561 chedanavati 327 jaDila 418 chedazAstra 327 jaddara 447 chedasUtra ke kartA 194 janapada 65,30 chedapiNDa 324 janapada kI parIkSA 222 chedopasthApanA 207, 310 janapadakathA 362 cheyasutta (chedasUtra) 33 (noTa), janmazAlA 294 35, 43, 44, 133, 157; 180, jannavakka (yAjJavalkya)508 275 jamadagni 390 choyara (chokarA) 372 (noTa) jamAli 60,72,250, 491,557 jambUdvIpa 57, 112, 156, 296, jaMgiya 136 346,460 jaMgolI 61 (noTa) jambUsvAmicarita 383 jaMghArdha 233 jagvRsvAmI 269, 295, 316,341, jaMghA (jUtA) 137, 227 3.3 491, 535 jaMjIvAra 84 (noTa) jambUcariya 534 jaMpANa 564 jaya 316 jaMtuddIvapaNNatti (jambUdvIpaprajJapti) jayakIrti (uttarAdhyayana ke TIkAkAra) 34,41,58, 115, 118, 190, 161 597, 272, 293, 315,316 jayakIrti (sIlovapusamAlA ke kartA) jaMbuddIvapaNattisaMgaha 315 490,505 jaMbUdvIpasaMgrahaNI 346 jayaghoSa 171, 357 jaMbUdvIpaprajJapticUrNI 238 jayacandrasUri 482 jaMbUpayannA 33 (noTa), 132 jayatihuyaNa 571 jaMbUdADima 148 jayasena 298, 299 jabhiyagrAma 156 jayadhavalA(la)273, 277,333, 314 jauNa 675 jayadhavalAkAra 292 jakkhasirI 83 jayadeva 626 jakkhulihaNa 232 jayadrathakathA 470 jagatkartRtvavAda 52 jayantI 65, 72, 371,566 jagacandrasUri (devendrasUri ke guru) jayantI (auSadhi)353 337, 561 jayantI (nagarI) 475 jagadara 660 (noTa) jayantIcarita 566 jagadAbharaNa 666 jayantIprakaraNa 566 jagaddeva 680 (noTa) jayapura 442 jagasuMdarIyogamAla 680 jayavallabha (vajjAlagga ke saMkalanajajjala 654 kartA)26, 579

Page #821
anukramaNikA 815 325 kara8 jayapAhui nimittazAstra 670 jAlaMdharI (mudrA) 679 jayasiMhasUri (dharmopadezamAlA ke jAlaga (sIdhe kI vidhi) 137 kartA)362, 490, 491, 500, jitazatru 240, 262 501,505 jinakalpI 184 221, 227, 330 jayasiMha ( kAzmIra kA rAjA) 661 jinakIrtisUri (parameSThinamaskArajaryAsahadeva 652 ___ stava ke kartA)571 jayasuMdarIkathA 489 jinakIrtisUri (parameSTinamaskArasta. jayasomagaNi 343 va ke kartA 571 jayaratha 661 jinacandra (AcArya)526 'jala tala le' (kozala kA prayoga) jinacandra (siddhAMtasAra ke kartA) jinacandra (zithilAcArI ziSya) jalayAnoM ke prakAra 481 320 jallopadhiprApta 286 jinacandra (devaguptasUri )348 jasaharacariu 403 (noTa) jinacandrasUri (saMvegaraMgasAlA ke jarAkumAra 89,240 kartA 132, 518 jarAsaMdha 567 jinacandrasUri (namukAraphalapagaraNa jalakrIDA 509 ke kartA) 571 jalagatA 272 jinadatta (vyApArI) 524 jalacara kA mAMsa 115 jinadatta (gaNadharamArdhazataka kejavaNI ( yavanAnI) 62 kartA)526 javanikAMtara 632 jinadattasUri 333 jAMgamika (vana) 226 jinadattAkhyAna 476 jAMgala 113 (noTa) jinadAsagaNimahattara 45, 135, jAgaraNa 308 135 (noTa), 147, 164, 172, jAtaka 238,268 174, 188, 190, 197, 234, jAtakakathA 356 239, 247, 249, 255, 256, jAti (sthavira) 153 359, 381 jAtivAda kA khaMDana 517 jinadAsa 431 jAtijaMgita 219 jinadeva 431 jAti Arya 113 jinapama 570 jaoNna harTala 376 jinaprabhasUri (vaDDhamANa vijAkappa jAnatI 221 ke kartA) 675 jAbAlipura 373, 416 jinaprabha (vividhatIrthakalpa ke kartA) jArja griyarsana 27 351, 353, 548 (noTa) jArla zArpaNTiyara 164, 167 (noTa) jinaprabha ( kalpasUtra ke TIkAkAra) jAlaMdhara 551, 555, 556, 565 155

Page #822
132 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa jinaprama (ajitazAMtistavavRttikAra) jinahaMsa 45 651, 652 jinaharSagaNi (rayaNaseharIkahA ke jinaprabhasUri (pAsanAhalaghuthava ke kartA) 182 kartA)570 jinezvara (mallinAthacarita ke kartA) jinaprabhIya TIkA 653 526 jinapAla 679 jinezvarasUri (kahANayakosa ke kartA) jinaprabhasUri 35 (noTa) 362, 371 (noTa), 431, 537, jinapratimA 486 674 jinapAlagaNi 340 jinezvarasUri (gAyAkoSa ke kartA) jinapAlita 81,357 584 jinapUjA 452, 58 jinezvara (kathAkoza ke kartA ) 439 jinavimba 43,521 (noTa) jinabimbapratiSThA 352, 451 jinezvarasUri (jinacandrasUri ke guru) jinamavana 486, 488, jinabhadragaNi dhamAzramaNa 34 (noTa), jinezvarasari (vaMdittasutta ke TIkA. 161, 172, 229, 230, 329, __kAra) 187 334, 346, 354, 377, 381, jIta 153, 161, 306, 307 525 jinaracita 81,357 jItakalpabhASya 229, 329 jinarAjastava 572 jIyakappa (jItakalpa) 33 (noTa), jinavallabhasUri (saMvegaraMgasAlA ke 35, 134, 161, 196, 197, __saMzodhaka)340, 519 304,329 jinavala masUri (sArdhazataka ke kartA) jIrNa aMtaHpura 141 334 jIvaMdhara 527 jinavallabhasUri (laghu ajitasaMtithava jIvaTThANa 276 ke kartA)570 (noTa) jIva kA svarUpa 231 jinavallabhasUri (posaha vihipayaraNa jIvanikAya 62 ke kartA)352 jIva vicAraprakaraNa 345 jinavabhagaNi (saDasIi ke kartA) jIvavibhakti 33 (noTa), 132 336 jIvamamAsavivaraNa 505 jinavallabhagaNi (piMDavisohI ke jIvasiddhi (vanaspati meM)392 kartA) 131 jIvasamAsa 275,280,333 jinavallama (bRhatsaMgrahaNI ke kartA) jIvasthAnasatprarUpaNa 280 346 jinazAsana kA sAra 228 jIvasthAna-dravya pramANAnugama 281 jinasUri 652 jIvasthAnacUlikA 283 jinasena 272, 273, 275, 277. jIvAnuzAsana 339 291,321,126,527,644 jIvAbhigamasaMgrahaNIprakaraNa 349

Page #823
817 anukramaNikA jIvAbhigamavRtti 66 jyotiSazAstra 67 jIvA (jIvA) bhigama 34, 43 66,9 jyotiSasAra 675 111,116, 190, 197, 514 jyotiSkaraMDakaTIkA 38 juMga (machalI) 113 (noTa) jvalanamitra 590, 592 jela 93 jvAlAmAlinI 296 jaikobI (harmana) 22, 46, 164 jainadharmavarastotra 163 (noTa) jaina mahArASTrI 26, 394 jJAtRdharmakathA 42, 43, 88, 541 jaina aura bauddha bhikSu 437 jJAtRkSatriya 86 jaina mAnyatAe~ (kathAsaMbaMdhI)370. jJAtRputra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra jaina lekhakoM kA dRSTikoNa (kathAsaMbadhI)363 jJAnakaraMDa (kApAlika) 452 jaina vizvakoSa 330 jJAnadIpaka 670 jaina zaurasenI 304 jJAnapaMcamIkahA 365, 372, 440 jainasaMgha 686 jJAnapaMcamI 441 jaina stUpa 353 jJAnapravAdapUrva 35 (noTa), 290 . jainAbhAsa 301, 320 jJAnabhUSaNa (bhaTTAraka) 325, 326 jaisalamera 41, 255, 440, 442 jJAnasAra 322 joisacakkavicAra 680 / joisahIra (jyotiSasAra) 676 jhallarI 282 joisakaraMDaga (jyotipkaraNDaka) zasaMkaTa (sIne kI vidhi) 137 33 (noTa), 129, 131, 333, zasA (machalI) 113 (noTa) 247 (noTa) jhANavibhattI 190 jogaMdhara 370, 450, 451 jhuMTana (vaNik) 498 jogAnanda 370, 449 joginI 366, 368, 430, 483, TaMkaNa 70, 70 (noTa), 206, 367, 484, 555 388,508,513 jogI 469 Takka (TaMka) 137 joNiyA 141 joNipAhuDa 132, 246, 259, 274, TakkadezI 640 ____285, 370, 430, 438, 673 / rakkI 641,643 TabbA 1933 jodhapura (jAlora)416 johAra 372 (noTa) TIkA 193, 197 jaugaDa 681 TIkA-sAhitya 261 jyotirvitsarasa 648 ToDaramala 313,314 jyotiSa 104, 354, 423, 475, Tha 480,507 Thakkura pheru 678, 679 52 prA0sA0 Ta

Page #824
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa Da Thaga (banArasa ke)367 NAhadhammakahA (NANadhammakahA-jJAtRugavidyA 515, 549 dharmakathA)74 ThavaNA 203 NiNhaiyA 63 ThANA 251, 182 Nisihiya (nizIthikA-niSiddhikA) ThANAMga (sthAnAMgasUtra) 34, 56, 271, 325 153, 669 (noTa) NisIha (Nisehiya-nisIha) 246, 271 (noTa),325 DAina 451 pahAvita (nAI)246 DAkinI 447 hiMDilavaniveza 541 taMjora 632 Dibharelaka 222 taMtra 368, 430,480 Dima 62 taMtrakarma 423 DoMbI 627 (noTa) taMtrIsamuttha 432 DoMbikA 123 taMdulaveyAliya (taMdulavaicArika) Doha (brAhmaNa ke lie prayukta) 438 33 (noTa),35, 123, 125,190 taMdula 125 taMdulA (machalI) 113 (noTa) DhaMka (pakSI)54 DhaMDhaNa RSi 567 takiyA 227 (noTa) takSazilA 420 Dhaka 367, 423, 427 tazcanniya (ka) (bauddha sAdhu) DhakkI 612 (noTa), 617 233, 256 .. Dhayara (pizAca)444 tambAvAta 99 DhADhasIgAthA 326 DhilikA 679 tajjIvataccharIra 55 DhoMDha sivA 250 taDAga 140 DhosA 651 tatvaprakAza (saMbodhaprakaraNa) 351 tatvabodhavidhAyinI 331 'Tha re bhala' (gurjara deza meM tasvasAra 317, 318 prayoga) 427 tasvAcArya (udyotanasUri ke guru) NakA (machalI) 113 (noTa) NamokAramaMtra (navakAramaMtra) 148 tasvArthabhASya 275 (noTa), 206 tasvArthasUtra 273, 275 NaravAhaNa (kavi) 573 (noTa) taddhita 191 NaravAhaNadaMta(datta)kathA 247,359, tapa 162, 512 364, 382 tapasyA 91, 91 (noTa) NAga (ziSya)117 tapAgaccha 332 NAya 60 tapAgacchapadyAvali 355 417

Page #825
anukramaNikA tapAgacchIya 337 tilakamaMjarI 375, 377 tapodA 70 (noTa) tilaka zreSThI 509 tapovana 70 (noTa) tilakasUri 652 tamAlapatra 564 tilakAcArya (vaMdittusuttaTIkA ke taraMgalolA 370, 373, 377, 667 taraMgavaikahA (taraMgavatIkathA) 247, tilakAcArya (sAmAcArI ke kartA) 350 359, 366, 373, 376, 378, 417, 573 (noTa), 667 tilakAcArya 161, 174 taresaThazalAkApuruSacarita (triSaSThi tiloaNa 573 (noTa) zalAkApuruSacarita)375, 525, tiloyapaNNatti ( trilokaprajJapti) 275, 293, 296,316,525 527 tiSyagupta 60, 250 taka 354, 473, 475, 480 tihuNadevI 475 talavara 260 tAiya (tAjika) 428 tIna mahAdaNDaka 283 tIna varNa 529 tApanageha 120 (noTa) tIna viDambanAyeM 565 tApasa 191, 201, 246, 247 tIrthakara 63, 206 tApasoM kI utpatti 531 tIrthamAlAstava 572 tAmalI (moriyaputra) 70 tIrthabhedaka 93 tAmralipti (tAmalUka) 70, 113 (noTa), 237, 516 tIrthasaMbaMdhI (sAhitya)353 tIrthika 58, 65, 66, 103 tArA (abhinaya) 433 tIrthikapravRttAnuyoga 63 tArA 93 tIrthodvAra 33 (noTa), 129 tAlajaMgha (pizAca) 81 tuMgiyA (tuMgikA) 67,68 tAlapalaMba 275 tuMgIgiri 303 tAlAba (kA zoSaNa) 64 (noTa) tuMbara deza 670 tAlikA 225 tuMbI 80 tisthayarabhatti 302 tuMburava 295 titthogAliya (tIrthodgAra) 130 tukkojI 632 tithi 483, 675 tukkhAra (ghor3e) 562 tithiprakIrNaka 33 (noTa) 132 tukhAra 29 (noTa) timiMgala (timitimigila)(machalI) tumbulUrAcArya 275 113 (noTa), 452 turagazikSA (kalA) 507 timI (machalI) 113 (noTa), turkistAna 16, 27 tirITa (vastra) 226 tUlI 227 tirIDapaTTa (vastra) 136 tRNapaMcaka 330 tiryakaloka 281 tejapAla 353, 441

Page #826
820 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa tejonisarga adhyayana 153 trairAzika 63, 63 (noTa), 64, 103, tejolazyA 73, 557 189, 250 teyalI 83 trairAzikavAda 272 teyalIputra (tetalIputra) 83, 206 teyalIpura 83 tela 564 thArApada gaccha 164, 340 (noTa) telaTilla 447 thArugiNI (dAsI) 141 tailaMga (telaMga)323, 353 thAvacAputta (tra)80,567 toTaka 612, 627 thIvo (DaoNkTara) 115 (noTa) toraNa 112 thullasAra 234 toramANa (torarAya) 417 thUNA (sthAnezvara)43, 145, 158, tosali AcArya 201 227 tosali deza 201 tosaliputra 101, 203, 354, 526 daMDanIti (sAta) 60 tosalI 217, 227 daMDanIti (kauNDinya kI) 189(noTa) tauNI (miTTI kA bartana) 510 (noTa) 220 (noTa), 249 syohAra 112 daMDakapaMcaka 330 trikanaya (paripATI) 103 daMDaprakaraNa 346 tridaMDI 202, 388, 138 daMDi (sIne kI vidhi) 137 tripiTaka 45 daMDI 12, 13, 24, 25, 28, 585, tripurA vidyAdevI 560 642, 656 trimukha 295 daMtakarma 143, 423 triloka paizAcika vidyA 449 daMtakAra 392 trilokasAra 293, 313, 314, 316 daMtavANijya 64 (noTa), 86 trivarNAcAra 273 daMzamazaka (DA~sa-macchara ) 47, 48, trivikrama (damayantIkathA ke kartA) 53, 94, 165 (noTa) 417 dasaNapAhuDa 301 trivikrama 9, 27, 29, 603, 305, dakSiNa 321, 353 606, 614, 644, 67, 648 dakSiNa dizA 601 trividhavidyAdhara 326 dakSiNapratipatti 275, 276 triviSTa (tripRSTha vAsudeva) 393, dakSiNApatha 219, 223, 227, 278, 503, 550 419 trivendrama 606 dagavINiya (patanAlA) 136 trizalA 156, 553 daNDa 136, 185, 186 triSaSTizalAkApaMcAzikAprakaraNa 349 daNDalakSaNa 330 'vidyamuni 644 daNDakAraNya 522

Page #827
247 anukramaNikA 821 daNDadhara 141 dazA (kinArI)227 daNDArakkhiya 111 dazA-kalpa 150, 153, 352 bahara (dAdara gujarAtI meM) 447 dazArNakUTa 197 (noTa) damadaMta 206,503 dazANaM 114 (noTa) damayaMtI 371 dazANapura (eDakAkSapura) 497,497 damayantIkathA (davadaMtI) 417, 445 (noTa) damayaMtIcarita 526 dazArNabhadra 251, 472, 503 damila (dravir3a)92, 222, 244, dazAzrutaskaMdhaniyukti 203 ___436 (ke kapar3e), 464, 614 / / dazAzrutaskaMdhacUrNI 102 (noTa), dayArAma 575 (noTa) dari (guphA) 140 dasa avasthA (kAma kI)223 dadara 29 (noTa) dasa (gaNadhara)548 durdura 82,491 dasa nilava 330 darpaNa 295 dasabhatti (dazabhakti) 297, 302 darzana (khaMDana maMDana) 331 dasaveyAliya (dazakAlika) 33 darzanasAra 367,319, 321 (noTa), 34 (noTa), 3543, dalapatarAma 575 (noTa) 43, 102 (noTa), 163, 173, dalapatasatasaI 575 (noTa) 180, 190, 194, 195, 196, dalasukha mAlavagiyA 134 (noTa) 197, 198, 267, 271, 275, davAgnidApana 64 (noTa) 305, 323, 325, 352, 359 dasAo (dazA)61, 154, 190, prakAza) 322 203, 247 dazakarNIsaMgraha 275 dasAsuyakkhaMdha (dazAzrutaskaMdha)34 dazapura 29 (noTa), 102, 250, 359 (noTa), 35, 102 (noTa), dazamukha (rAvaNa) 529 134, 154, 194, 197 dazapUrvI (sAtyakiputra) 302 dasyu 50, 145 dazaratha 390, 496,531, 532 dahivanna 61 dazarUpaka8(noTa),612 no dAkSiNAtya 27 657, 658, 659,665 dAkSiNAtyA 11, 18, 611,641 dazarUpakakAra 30 darzavekAnikI 195 (noTa), dAkSiNyacihna ( udyotanasuri) 416 195, 255, 377 dADhigAli 227 dazavakAlikamAna 230 dAnazekhara 66 dazayalamArga (bauddhamArga) 453 dAnAmA (pravrajyA)71 dazadRSTAMtagItA 524 dAmanaka 463 dazavakAlikaniyukti 11, 163, dAmilI-daviDI (davitI lipi) 13, 208 496

Page #828
822 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dAmodara 573 (noTa) dizAzUla 676 dArAzikoha 666 dIkSA kA niSedha 517 dAridraya 569 dIghanikAya 227 (noTa) dAvadava (vRkSa)2 dInAra 216, 223 dAsa (dIkSA ke ayogya) 57, 58, dIpikA 193 112, 142 dIvAyaNa (dIpAyana RSi) 89, dAsaceTa.9 187, 187 (noTa), 268, 301, dAsI 141 567 dAsIvikrayapatra 469 (noTa) dIvasAgarapannattI (dvIpasAgaraprajJapti) digambara 21,23, 35, 495 33 (noTa), 58, 118, 129, digambarotpatti 330 133, 190,272 digambaranirAkaraNa 332 dIhadasA 41, 61 digambaramatakhaMDana 333 dIhapaTTa (saoNpa)151 digambara saMpradAya ke prAcIna zAstra dukhIla (sIne kI vidhi) 137 duguMchiya (jugupsita) 145 digambara-zvetAmbara sampradAya 269 dugga 417 dihivAya (dRSTivAda) 34, 36, 38, dugdhajAti (magra) 111 (noTa) 41, 57, 61, 63, 64, 98, dupaDa (dvipuTa-jUnA) 137, 227 99, 102, 104, 146, 153, 2,678 165, 230, 246, 247, 251, durgaNAcArya 647 (noTa) 271, 272, 273 (noTa), 274, durgilika (patravAha)405 284, 285, 294, 352 durgAprasAda yati 604 'diNNarule gahiyalle' (mahArASTra meM durbhUtikA (bherI) 221 prayoga) 428 durmukha 168 ditiprayAga (prayAga)390 durvidagdhA (pariSad) 221 dinasuddhi 676 dUtavAkya 615 dilArAma 313 (noTa) dUtI 144 dibI 601 divAkara (jogI) 450 dUSyagaNi 188 divAbhojana 142 dUSyapaMcaka 330 divAlI 422 dRr3haprahArI 501,516 divyAvadAna 268 hadavarmA 429 dizAoM kA pUjaka 121 dRSTasAdharmya 192 dizAcara 207 (noTa) dRSTAnta 330 dizAprocaka 72 raSTivAda ke pA~ca adhikAra 272 dizAprocita 246 raSTimohana 370, 150 dUSya 227

Page #829
823 anukramaNikA dRSTiviSa285 devasena (digaMbara bhAcArya) 269 deyADaI (aTavI) 422 (noTa), 316,319, 322 deva 388 devAnanda AcArya 347 devakI 508,567 devAnandA 72, 155, 431, 553, devakIcarita 526 devakulayAtrA 422 devAvaDa (nagara) 568 devagupta (harigupta ke ziSya) 417 deviMdasthaya (devendrastava) 33 (noTa), devagupta 147 ___35, 123, 128, 190 devagupta 118 deviMdovavAya 190 devaguptasUri (jinacandra) 348 devIdAsa 668 devacandra (hemacandra ke guru) 431 devendra 348 devacandra (zAMtinAthacarita ke kartA) devendra upapAta 153 526 devendrakIrti 326 devacandrasUri (kAlikAyariyakahANaya devendragaNi ( dekhiye nemicandrasUri) ke kartA) 455 devendranarakendraprakaraNa 349 devadattA 98 devendrasUri (zrIcandrasUri ke guru) devadattA (gaNikA) 80, 268 devendrasUri (sudaMsaNAcariya ke kartA) devadUSya (vastra) 554 337, 342, 349, 361 (noTa), devanArAyaNa 627 561, 567, 688 devabhadrasUri 188 devendrasUri ( cattAribhaTTadasathava ke devarAja 655 devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa 20,38, 188 __kartA)572 devendrasUri athavA devacandra ( hemadevavaMdanAdi 196 candrAcArya ke guru ) 431 devavaMdanAdibhASyatraya 342 dezIbhASA 19, 19, (noTa), 507 devavAcaka 188 dezIyagaNa 312 devavArANasI 354 deha (nagarI)470 devavijaya 348 dehadamana 47 devasundara 648 dehalI 143 devasUri (vaMdittusutta ke TIkAkAra) dehasthitiprakaraNa 349 187 dehila (vyApArI) 553 devasUri (vIracandrasUri ke ziSya) devasika (pratikramaNa) 186 339 devasUri ( padmaprabhasvAmIcarita ke dogiddhidasA 41, 61 doghaTTITIkA 490 (noTa) ___ kartA) 526 dosAuriyA (lipi) 62 devasari (jIvAbhigamavRtti ke kartA) dosiya (kapar3e kA vyApArI-dozI) 192

Page #830
824 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dosiyaTTa (dauSikazAlA-kapar3e kI droNamukha 149, 158 dukAna) 152, 489 droNasUri (droNAcArya)668 dauvArika 141 droNAcArya 75, 92, 105, 182, 199 cAnatarAya 315 draupadI 84, 93, 268,499, 567 ghuta (kalA)507 cUtakrIDA 387, 484 dhanaMjaya 657, 658, 659, 690 dhUtagRha 96 dhanadeva 538 dvAdaza (upAMga) 104 dhanapAla (RSabhapaMcAzikA ke kartA) dvAdazakulaka 340 522, 570 dvAdazAMga (gaNipiTaka) 44, 64, 98, dhanapAla (apabhraMza ke lekhaka) 441 144, 271, 274, 277, 279, (noTa) 303, 323 dhanapAla (seTha) 378, 561 dvAdazAnuprekSA 311 dhanapAla (tilakamaMjarI ke kartA) dvArakA nagarI (dvAravatI) 80,88, 375, 377 113 (noTa), 122, 262, 268, dhanapAla (pAiyalacchInAmamAlA) 437, 464, 514, 567 ke kartA) 655 dvipadI (chaMda)394, 536 dhanasAra 523 dvIpa 111 dhanArjana 476, 511 dvIpasAgara 316 dhanika 659 dvadyAzrayakAvya (kumArapAlacarita) dhanurveda 390, 423, 432, 507 598 dhanurvidyA 93 dramma 223, 460, 474 dhanuSaratna 532 dravyaparIkSA 679 dhanezvara (sArdhazataka ke bRttikAra) dravyavAda 272 dravyasaMgraha 315 dhanezvarasUri (zrIcandrasUri ke guru) dravyAnuyoga 230 350 drAvir3a 27 dhanezvara (surasuMdarIcariya ke kartA) drAviDa (jainAbhAsa)320 431, 537 drAviDa (saMgha)301, 320 dhanya 71, 81, 431 drAviDikA 642 dhammakahANayakosa (kathAnakakoza) drAviDI bhASA 612, 627 (noTa) dupada 84 dhammapada 11,16, 43, duma (vyutpatti) 256 164, 637 dumapuSpikA 165 dhammaparikkhA (dharmaparIkSA)343 droNa 655 dhammarayaNapagaraNa (dharmaratnaprakaraNa) droNagiri 303 341, 349

Page #831
- anukramaNikA 825 dhammarasAyaNa 356 dharmadAsa 490 dhammavihipayaraNa (dharmavidhiprakaraNa) dharmadAsANi (upadezamAlA ke kartA) 341 362, 491, 500 dhammasaMgahaNI 332 dharmanRpa 524 dhammAvAta 99 dharmaparIkSA (kartA amitagati) dhammilakamAra365,383 319 (noTa) dhammilahiNDI 381 dharmaprabhasUri 456 dharaNendra 530 dharmarata 490 dharaNovavAya 190 dharmaruci 206 dharasena 274, 277, 278, 324, dharmavardhana 570 .. 669, 673 dharmavijaya 345 dharAvAsa 456 dharmazAstra 104 dharmakathA 310, 360, 361, 394 dharmasAgara (dasAsuyakkhaMdha ke TIkAdharma kA pariNAma 523 ___ kAra) 155' dharma kA lakSaNa 499 dharmasAgaragaNi (tapAgaccha paTTAvali dharma kA sAdhaka 522 ke kartA)355 dharmacaka 420 dharmazekharagaNi 349 dharmavaracakrapravartI 117 dharmasAgaropAdhyAya (jambuddIvapatti dharmaciMtaka 191 __ke TIkAkAra) 116 dharmaciMtA 154 dharmasAgaropAdhyAya (pravacanaparIkSA dharmapAlana 558 ke kartA)332. 333, 342 dharmaghopa (zrAddhajItakalpa ke kartA) dharmasenagaNi 381, 382 dharmaghoSa (kAlasattariprakaraNa ke kA dharmasena (pUrvadhArI)316 649 dharmAcArya 57, 111 dharmaghoSa (baMdha patriMzikA prakaraNa dharmAkhyAnakoza 489 ke kartA)349 dharmopadezamAlA 373, 490 dharmaghoSa (maH saraNaprakaraNa ke kartA) 'dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa 372, 500 348 dhavala 527 dharmayoparAccha 374 dhavalATIkA 275, 281, 293, 313, dhamaMghopasUri (kAlikAyariyakahANaya 644, 673 ke kartA) 455 dhAtakIkhaMDa 296,347 dharmaghopari 571 dhAtu 111 dharmaghopa (muni) 83, 207, 307 dhAtu 191 dharmatilaka 570 (noTa) dhAtuvAda 354, 419, 423, 439, dharmadAsa (banArasIdAsa ke sAthI) 333 dhAtuvAdI 368,430 507

Page #832
826 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa dhAtuvidyA 144 191, 197, 19, 207, 208, dhAtUspatti 679 217, 277 (noTa) dhAtrI 144,561 naMdIcUrNI 122, 259 dhAtrIsuta 561 naMdIzvaradvIpa 296 dhAraNA 153 naMdIsasthava 572 (noTa) dhAriNI 262 nakula 220 dhArAnagarI 319,373, 655, 659 natra 57, 675 dhuttakkhANa (dhUrtAkhyAna) 247, 359, napatra (muni)316 362, 112, 667 nakSatroM meM lAbhakArI bhojana 115 dhUrtI (ke AkyAna) 358 nakSatroM ke gotra 115 dhUrtaziromaNi (pA~ca) 413 nakhachedaka 136 dhatiyeNa 316 nakharadana 225 dhauli 681 nagara 149, 158, 221 dhruvasena 316 nagnajit 168 naTa 219 dhruvasena 155 (noTa) dhrauvya 272 naTI (lipi) 496 dhvajAropaNa (vidhi) 450 nadI (maha) 141 dhvajA 295, 353 nandi (muni)316 nanditAbya 652 dhvanyAloka 594, 595, 658, 665 nandipura 114 (noTa) nandipeNa (carita) 499 naMda (maniyAra) 82 nandiSeNa 557 naMda 129, 251,354, 509 nandipeNa (ajitazAMtistava ke kartA) naMdana 80 651, 653 naMdana (rAjakumAra) 472 nandItaTa 321 naMdinIpitA 88 nandIzvarapaMkti (vrata)323 naMdibaddhaNa 97 nandIzvarabhakti 303 naMdimitra 269 (noTa), 316 namasUri 341 (noTa), 571 naMdiSeNa (pAzrvAnuyAyI) 250 napuMsaka (solaha) 142 naMdiSeNa (AcArya) 570 nabhogAminI vidyA 473 naMdI (pAtra) 218 namirAjA 168, 521 naMdIphala 83,357 namipravajyA 166,357 naMdividhi 352 namisAdhu 10 (noTa), 27, 29 naMdI (nandIsUtra)33 (noTa), 34 (noTa), 657 (noTa),35, 35(noTa), 44,45, namukkAraphalapagaraNa 571 62, 66, 92, 102, 103, 104, nammayAsundarIkahA (narmadAsundarI11, 123, 48, 189, 190, kathA):59

Page #833
anukramaNikA 827 naya 329 nayacandra 633, 634 nayaMcakra 194,336, 322 nayavAda 146 nayavimala 92 naracandrasUri 644 naradevakathA 489 naramuMDa (kI mAlA)559 naravAhana (rAjA)354 / naravikramakumAra 553 narasundara 565 narahasti zrIvatsarAja 417 narasiMha 649 narendra (viSavaidya)368, 430 nartaka 411 narmadA 565 nala 374 nalakUbara 170, 531 nalagiri 464 nala-damayaMtIkathA 463 naladAma 208 nalapura (mudrA) 679 nalI 112 nAca (jUA) 479 nava aMtaHpura 141 navakAramaMtra (NamokAramaMtra) 148, 148 (noTa), 488, 565 navatasvagAthAprakaraNa 196 navanIta 149 navanInasAra 148 navapadaprakaraNa 348 navama nanda 171 navamAlikA 633 nagya karmagraMtha 337 manya hatSetrasamAsa 347 bhavAMgavRttikAra (abhayadevari) 57 nahaseNa 129 nAilagacchIya 534 nAga (pUrvadhArI)316 nAga (zruta) 153 nAga (maha)81, 140,560 nAgakumAra 527 nAgakula 369, 449 nAgadatta 207 nAgadattacarita 526 nAgadamaNI (auSadhi)353 nAgapariAvaNiAo 190 . nAgara 642 nAgaraka 640 nAgarI (lipi) 496 nAgalatA 309 nAgasirI (nAgazrI) 83, 445 nAgasuhuma 189 nAgasti 276, 277 (noTa), 291 nAgAnanda 622, 624 nAgArjunasUri 37, 38, 188, 355 nAgArjunIya (vAcanA) 234, 237, 247 nAginI 368, 430 nAgila (kathA) 148, 503 nAgendrakula 505 nAgendragaccha 374 nAgaura 676 (noTa) nATaka (battIsa) 108, 189, 507 nATakatraya (prAmRtatraya)297 nATakoM meM prAkRtoM ke rUpa 611 nATikA 627, 628 nATya 43, 59, 439, 473 nATyabheda 59, 386 nATyavidhi (prAbhRta) 109 (noTa) nATyazAstra 18, 20, 23, 24,30, 191 (noTa), 611,617, 627, 658

Page #834
8288 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa nAthadharmakathA (NAyAdhammakahAo) nippiccha-niHpicchika (jainAmAsa) ra7ra 301, 320 nAdagRha 295 nimitta 144, 423, 475, 507 nAdoM ke prakAra 432 nimitsapAhuDa 671 nApita 219 nimittazAstra 265,354,370, 668, nApitadAsa 251 669, 670 nAyAdhammakahAo (NAyAdhammakahAo) niyativAda 52, 87, 272 34,63,352, 356, 527 niyatavAdI 55 nAracanda 675 niyamasAra 297, 300 nArada 187,446, 497, 530, 567 nirayAvaliyA (kappiyA-kalpikA) nArAyaNa (kA stUpa) 353 34, 118, 190 nArAyaNa maharSi 187 (noTa) nirukta 67, 104, 423 nArAyaNavidyAvinoda 638 , nirukti (dI) 197 (noTa) nAriyoM ke saMbaMdha meM 485 nirukti 191 nArIbodha 524 nirgrantha 59, 230, 246, 305 nAlandA 56, 156, 201, 250, nirgranthapravacana 43, 79 354, 556 nirgrantha sAdhu 202, 230 nAlandIya (adhyayana) 56, 202 nirdoSa AhAra 181 nAlikA 185, 186 niyukti-sAhitya 194, 199, 358 nAsA (abhinaya) 433 nilAMchana karma 64 (noTa) nAsika 353, 683 nirvANa (mahAvIra)206 nAstikavAdI 93, 555 nirvANalIlAvatIkathA 432, 440 nAstikavAdI (kapila) 540 nirvANotsava (mahAvIra kA)557 nAhara 372 (noTa) nivRtikula 92, 525 nigaMThanATaputta (mahAvIra) 64 (noTa) nirvatipura (mokSa) 361 nigama 149, 158 nivedanI (kathA)209, 361 (noTa) nigoda 279, 459 nivaNAga (zreSThIputra ) 473 nigodanizikAprakaraNa 349 / niveza 158 nighaMTu 6 nimvuikaMDa (nirvANakANDa) 303 nijAramASTaka 324 (noTa) nijUha (nijuddha) 423, 509 / niveyajaNaNI (kathA)418 nijjutti (niyukti ) 193, 197, nizIthamApya 195, 211, 216 197 (noTa) nizIthacUrNI (anupalabdha) 239 nittI DaulvI 13 nizIthacUrNIkAra 18 nidarzana (kathA) 361 (noTa) nisIha (nizItha-AcAraprakalpa-laghunidhi 61, 144 nizItha)35, 11, 99, 102

Page #835
naipuNika 230 anukramaNikA 829 (noTa), 104 (noTa), 133, nemicandrasUri (pravacanasAroddhAra ke 134, 135, 147, 149, 150, kartA) 330 151, 157, 190, 196, 197, nemicaritrastava 572 211,307 neminAtha (ariSTanemi) 63, 156, nisIhavisesacuNNi (nizIthavizeSa- 295, 506, 508, 509, 565, cUrNI-nizIthacUgI) 191 (noTa), 652 210 (noTa), 239, 342, 376, neminAhacariya (neminAthacarita) 381, 412 (noTa), 456, 673, 526,569 675, 678 nemipravrajyA 164 . niSAda 200 nelaka (sikkA) 138, 227 niSkramaNamahotsava 554 nellaka (madya)111 (noTa) niva 60, 107, 145, 203, 230 nainI (machalI) 113 (noTa) nIMva 112 nItizAstra (mAThara kA) 220 (noTa) naimittika 201, 449 nItisAra (indranandi kA) 320 naukaroM ke prakAra 58 (noTa) (noTa) nau nidAna 156 naumalakI 65, 156 nIlakaNThadIkSita 626 nau lecchakI 65, 156 nUpurapaMDita 447, 503 nyagrodha 139, 262 (noTa) nRtya 480 nyAya 104, 507 nRtyazAlA 295 nyAyazAstra 210 nettapaTTa 564 ne (nepAla) 28, 36, 99, 251, 549 (noTa),560 (noTa) paMcakapa (paMcakalpa)35, 134, 134 646 (noTa), 678 (noTa), 161, 196, 197 nema (dahalIz2a) 112 paMcakalpabhASya (mahAbhASya) 16 // nemicandra (anaMtanAthacarita ke kartA) paMcakalpacUrNI 135, 668 (noTa) 525, 569 paMcagaNyAzana 246 nemicandragaNi (vIrabhadra AcArya ke paMcagurubhakti 303 ziSya)377, 667 paMcataMtra 268, 356, 386 nemicandra (siddhAMtacakravartI) 189 paMcasthipAhuDa 275 (noTa), 271 (noTa), 277, paMcanadI 333 312,315,316 paMcanamaskAra maMtra (Namo kAramaMtra) nemicandrasUri (devendragaNi) 147, 307 164, 198, 360, 362, 439 paMcanamaskArastavana 571 (noTa), 444,541, 688 paMcanigraMthIprakaraNa 349

Page #836
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa paMca parameSThI 132, 278, 303 pakkaNiya 92 paMcapratikramaNasUtra 308 (noTa) pakkhiya (pAkSika) 33 (noTa), paMcamaMgalazrutaskaMdha 195 ( noTa), 35 (noTa), 111, 163, 186 450 pacakkhANasaruva (pratyAkhyAnasvarUpa) paMcabhUtavAdI 52 340 paMcamahAbhUta 55 pajjaMtArAhaNa (paryatArAdhanA) 33 paMcamuSTiloca 76, 81 - (noTa), 132 paMcaliMgIprakaraNa 431 pajjusaNa (paryuSaNA) 141, 203 paMcavastukasaMgraha 350 pajosaNAkappa (kalpasUtra) 155, paMcasaMgaha (gommaTasAra)313 157 paMcasaMgaha 336 pajosamaNa (pajjosavaNA) 142, 203 paMcasutta (paMcasUtra) 302, 350 paTala 185 paMcAzaka 522 paTalAdhikAra 333 paMcAzakaprakaraNa 348 paTuMsuya (paTTAMzuka) 447,564 paMjAba 353 paTTaka 185 paMcAMgI (sAhitya) 193 paTTakAra 219 paMcAgni tapa 246,354, 547 paTTaNa (pattana) 149 paMjikA 193 paTTAvalI 688 paMDaka (napuMsaka)58 paTTAvaliyA~ 355 paMDaramikkhu (pAMDurabhintu) 191 paTTAvalisamuccaya 355 (noTa), 408 paDAgA (machalI) 13 (noTa) paMDitamaraNa 124, 129 paDAgAipaDAgA (machalI) 113(noTa) paMDita raghunAtha 648 paDiggaha (patagraha) 144, 218, paMDitarAja jagannAtha 656, 663, 666 paMDusena 84 paDivAlagacchIya 355 paMcanamaskAraphala 571 paDisaMlINa 155 paMcamI (vrata)323 paDDaka (bhaisA) 445 paMcAstikAya 273, 293, 297 paDhamasamosaraNa 203 paMpa 570 paNitazAlA 226 painna (prakIrNaka)33 (noTa), 35 paNiyabhUmi 156, 354 paumacariya 363, 371, 373, 390, paNDava 294 (noTa) __ 514, 527, 528 paNNatI (prajJapti)237 paumacaMdasUri 472 paNhavAgaraNa (prazravyAkaraNa) 34, pakappa 246 41, 42, 61, 92, 95, 272 pakappacUrNI 246 paNhavAgaraNadasA 92 pakudhakaccAyana.64 (noTa) pataMjali 4, 636

Page #837
anukramaNikA pattana 158, 221 paramAra 373 patracchedya 423 paramAravaMza 658 patraniryAsasama 111 (noTa) parameSThistava 572. patravAhaka 405 parameSThinamaskArastava 571 padamArga 136 parazurAma 390 padAnusArI 206 parAzara 675 paddhaDiyA 471 . parAzara (RSi) 187 (noTa) paddhati (TIkA)275 parikathA 361 (noTa) padma (rAma)527, 532 parikarma 102, 103, 272 padmanaMdi (kuMdakuMdAcArya) 297 parikarma (TIkA) 275 padmanaMdi muni (jaMbuhIvapaNNati. parigraha 93, 178 saMgraha ke kartA) 116 (noTa), paripATIcaturdazakam 344 315, 316 pariyApanikA 153 padmaprabhamaladhArideva 300 pariyoM kI kathA 447 pabhaprabhasUri 675 parivasaNA 142, 203 panaprabhasvAmIcarita 526 parivrAjaka 191, 200 padmaprAmRtakam 589 pariSad 111, 221 padmavaravedikA 12 pariSThApana (vidhi) 159, 251 padmazrIkathA 489 parihArakalpa 150 padmasAra 564 parISaha 47, 13, 129, 330 pabhasAgara 490 paryApti 280 padmasiMha 322 paryAya 153 pAsundara 537 (noTa) paryuSaNA 142 padmAvata 366 (noTa) pa!SaNa 142, 155, 458 padmAvatIcarita 526 paySaNAdazazataka 342 pabhAvatI (devI) 600 parva (kA mAhAtmya) 483 panAvatI (sanI)89, 93 parvata aura mahAmegha (saMvAda)252 panutI (dAsI) 469 (noTa) parvatayAtrA 449 pannati (mahAvidyA) 452 palAsa 61 panavaNA (prajJApanA) 34, 39, 43, palavavaMza 28 66, 190, 191 (noTa), 198, palhaviyA (dAsI) 141 514 pavanaMjaya 531 , pamAyappamAya 190 pavanasaMcAra 549 payodhara (abhinaya) 133 pavaraseNa (pravarasena) 573, 574 paramANuvicArapaTannizikAprakaraNa 349 (nott)| paramAtmaprakAza 324 pavahaNa (pravahaNa) 367, 481, 564

Page #838
832 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pavAijaMta 276 pAtra 136, 144, 184, 185,218 pavitra 324 pAtralakSaNa 330 pavvaiyA (nagarI)417 pAtrakesarikA 185 pazumedha 452, 508 pAtrabaMdha 184 paharAiyA 62 pAtrasthApana 184 pahlava 29 (noTa) pAdopagamana 70, 81, 124, 129, pAiyakahAsaMgaha (prAkRtakathAsaMgraha) 230,498 362, 365, 472 pAnAgAra 96 pAiya (prAkRta) TIkA 198, 230, pApanAzana 324 360 pApa-zramaNa 168 pAiyalacchInAmamAlA 655 pApazruta 63 pAkSika (pratikramaNa) 186 pApasthAna ( aThAraha) 567 pAkSikakSAmaNAsUtra 186 pApA (pAvA) 114 (noTa), 294, pAkhaNDI 54, 191 303, 353 pAMca jainAbhAsa 301 pAyapuMchaNa 137 pAMca prakAra kA yoga 338 pAyayabhAsA 13 pAMca zilpa 389 pAraMcika 150, 159, 162, 229 pAMcAla 27, 113 pArAzara 200 642, 643 pArAzara (kI kathA)203, 454 pATaNa 66, 332, 442 pArasa 92, 560, 562 pATaliputra 36, 37, 191 (noTa), pArasakUla 245 231, 250, 251, 377, 421, pArasanAtha hila 81 449, 471, 504, 545 pArasI (lipi) 496 pATaliputravAcanA 37, 129 pArasIka 287,591 pADicchayagacchIya 476 pAriNAmika (kI) buddhi 206, 354, pAr3ha (janapada)65 . 493, 497 pANa 219 pAriyatta (pAriyAtra) 29 (noTa), pANitalabhojI 304 315 pANinI 6,7,9,636, 646 pAriyAtra (parvata) 684 pAMDava 317, 560, 568 pArisI ( dAsI)141 pAMDa (zaila)294 pArthaRSi 336 pAMDu (aMgadhArI)316 pArzvanAtha 59, 63, 65, 108, 156, pAMDamathurA 89 170, 202, 250, 295, 3.9 pAMDuraMgA191, 233 320, 525, 533 pANDya 27,28, 646 pArvamAyakalpa 353 pAtaMjali 189. pAzvaprabhujinastavana 571

Page #839
anukramaNikA 833 pArzvasUri 187 piMDaniyuktiTIkA 671 (noTa) pArzvastha 139, 144, 207, 310, piMDapAta 152, 160 351 piMDazuddhi 310 pAla 367 piMDavisohi 131 pAlaka (ga) 129, 354 picchI 311, 321 pAlita (pAlittaya-pAdaliptasari) pitRmedha 500 339, 355, 376, pipIliyAnANa 680 377, 378, 394, 417, 197, pippalaga (kaiMcI) 136, 225 573 (noTa), 652, 655 (kozakAra), 667,688 pippalAda 388, 390, 508 pAli 14, 16, 27, 40, 681, 605 piyamelaya (tIrtha) 408 pAli aura azoka kI dharmalipiyoM pizala 18, 22, 25, 175, 649 pizAca 388, 646 (noTa) pAlitAnA 464 pizAca (ja)27, 28 pAvana 324 pizAcI (devI)368, 430 pAzacandramatinirAkaraNa 333 pihitAzrava 319 pAsajinathava 570 pIpaliyAgaccha 340 (noTa) puTa 225 pAsanAhacariya (pArzvanAtha carita) puTabhedana 150 369, 448,546 pAsanAhalahuthava 570 puMDarIka (aMgabAjha kA bheda) 271, pAsAvacija (pArvApatya) 71, 202, 207 (noTa), 250 puMDarIka (rAjA)85 pAhuDabaMdhana 285 puMDarIka (parvata)80 piMgaka 399 puMDarIka (RSi) 187 (noTa) piMgala (yakSa) 482 puMDarIka-kaMDarIka 491 . piMgala 642, 650 puMDarIkastava 572 piMgala (parivrAjaka)67 puNDrA 390 piMgalanAga 654 puNDrezuvana 422 piMgalaTIkA 654 puNya 324 piMgalaprakAza 654 puNyasAgaropAdhyAya 116 piMgalatasvaprakAzikA 654 puNyakIti 505 piMDa 144, 180 puttalikA 545 piMDadvAra 182 putravatI nArI 539 piMDanijjutti (piMDhaniyukti ) 33 putrI (ke saMbaMdha meM)564 (noTa), 34 ( noTa), 35, pudgala (mAMsa) 177 131, 161, 163, 180, 194, pudgalaparAvartasvarUpaprakaraNa 349 196, 231, 239, 270, 308 pudgalamaMgaprakaraNa 349 53 prA0 sA0

Page #840
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 320 pudgalaSanizikAprakaraNa 349 puSpamAlAvRtti 584 pubATa 270 (noTa) puSpaka vimAna 496 puSpavananAtha 647 122, 190 puSyamitra 29, 354 pupphajoNisasya (puSpayonizAna) pustakapaMcaka 33. 370, 381 680 pustakoM kI rakSA 44. puphiyA 118, 121, 190 pussadevaya 189 puraMdara 515 puhavIcandacariya (pRthvIcandracaritra) purANa 189, 272, 412, 415, 480, 340(noTa),569 507 pUjA 323 purAtanaprabaMdha 355 pUjAprakAza 570 purima 250 pUjASTaka 569 purimatAla 96 pUjASTakakathA 489 purimatAla 117 pUjyapAda 271 (noTa), 275, 302, puruSadattA 296 puruSayuga (pIDhI) 682 puruSavAda 272 pUjyabhaktopakaraNa 226 puruSottama 13,31, 640, 641 pUraNakassapa 64 (noTa) pulAka 230 pUraNa gRhapati 71 puliMda 92, 216 pUrana (maskarI)320 puliMdI (dAsI)141 pUrayaMtI (pariSad )221 puskasa (Domba)612 pUrikA 227 pugvagata (pUrvagata)99, 102, 272 pUrNakalazagaNi 571, 599 puSkara tIrtha 245, 454 pUrNabhadra 106, 156, 482, 533 puSkaravaradvIpa 296 pUrNabhadrasUri 356 puSkarAdha 347 pUrva 35, 103, 272 puSkariNI 55,82, 112, 251, 260, pUrva deza 223 pUrvadhara 103 puSpagRha 436 pUrvadhArI 135, 356 puSpacUlA 502 pUsanandi 98 puSpadanta 98 (noTa), 118 (noTa), pRthvIcandrakathA 489 274, 276, 277, 279, 324, pRthvIdhara 30, 617 puSpadanta 673 pRthvIpAla 569 puSpaniryAsasAra 11 (noTa) pRSTacaMpA 156, 354 puSpabhUti 207 / pejadosapAhuDa 290 puSpamAlA (upadezamAlA) 514. pejadoSavibhakti 295

Page #841
anukramaNikA paizAcI 11, 12, 21, 27, 28, 29, pratijJApaugaMdharAyaNa 255 356, 365 (noTa), 377, pratimA (gyAraha) 153, 343 429, 502, 599, 602, 612 pratilekhanadvAra 182 (noTa), 613, 637, 638, pratiSThAna 142, 247, 419, 458, 639, 643, 644, 646, 657, 575, 595, 597, 685,690 pratiSThAvidhi 351 paizAcika (vidyA ) 370 pratisevanAdvAra 182 paizAcika 27, 640 pratihAradeva 482 poTilA (kanyA)83 pratyaMta 145 poTTisa 573 (noTa) pratyakSa 192 pottaya-potaka (vastra) 136, 226 pratyanIka 218 podanapura 303 pratyAloDha 432 popphala (supArI)564 pratyAkhyAna 55, 70, 173, 189, porAgama (pAkazAstra) 390, 6.. 310,330 porisimaMDala 190 pratyAkhyAnapravAdapUrva 35 (noTa), polAsapura 87 102 (noTa), 135, 157, poliMdI (lipi) 63 174, 247 poSaka 219 pratyAkhyAnavicAraNA 352 posahavihipayaraNa 352 pratyekabuddha 203, 207, 268, 491, paurNimIyakamatanirAkaraNa 332 pauSadhaprakaraNa 343 pratyekabuddhakathA 489 pauSadhaSaTtriMzikA 343 prathama zayyAtarI 566 prakAzikA (TIkA)643 prathama siddhAMtagraMtha ( prakRtisamutkIrtana 283 313 prakRSTa prAkRta 657 prathama zrutaskaMdha (gommaTasAra) 313 pragIta 360, 449 prathamAnuyoga 272 pracchAdaka 185 pradezinI 247 prajApAla (rAjA) 480 pradezI 108,341, 464, 491, 556 prajJapti (yaSiNI)295 pradyumna 567 prajJApanAtRtIyapadasaMgrahaNIprakaraNa pradyumnakumAra 386 pradyumnasUri 135 prajJAzramaNa 673 pradyumnasUri (mUlazuddhiprakaraNa ke praNayakathA 476 kartA) 431 pratApasiMha (rANA) 469 (noTa) pradyumnasUri (vivAgasuya ke TIkAkAra) pratikramaNa 162, 176, 189, 207, 95 271,303, 323, 325, 330 pratikramaNasUtra 302 331 503 gara 349 . ra

Page #842
836 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pradyumnasUri (devasUri ke ziSya) 330 praznariSTa (ATha) 678 pradyota 219, 245, 464, 566 praznAprazna 144 pradhAnavAda 272 prazravaNa 139 prapA 260 prazravaNamAtraka 218 prabaMdha 355 prasanacandra 446, 491,557 prabaMdhacintAmaNi 129 (noTa),355, prasannacandrasUri 448 363 (noTa) prasannacandra 633 prabhaMjana 418 prasabarAghava 647 prabhava (corasenApati) 537 prasannA 111 (noTa) prabhavasvAmI 269 (noTa) prasAdhana ghara 112 prabhAcandra 302 prasthAna (geya)243 (noTa) prabhAvakacarita 129 (noTa), 355, prahelikA 358, 360, 417, 478, 377, 674 prabhAvatI 121 (noTa) prAkAra 222 prabhAvatIpariNaya 665 prAkRta 6, 10, 39, 429, 502, prabhAsa 57, 226, 245, 389, 390 590, 602, 607, 612, 613, (noTa),514 614, 632, 636, 646, 656, pramadA 126 657, 685 pramANa (cAra) 192 prAkRta (arddhamAgadhI) 195 pramANaprakAza 448 prAkRta bhASAyeM 10 prameyaratnamaMjUSA (TIkA) 116 prAkRta aura apabhraMza 8 prayAga 245, 390, 454, 514 prAkRta aura mahArASTrI 12 prayoga (pandraha) 62 prAkata aura saMskRta 5 prayogasaMpadA 154 prAkRta kathA-sAhitya 353 pravacanaparIkSA 332, 342 prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA utkarpakAla pravacanasAra 273, 293, 297 373 pravacanasAroddhAra 330 prAkRtakalpataru 27, 641 pravarasena (pavarasega)585, 685 prAkRta-kAvya 372 pravahnikA 361 (noTa) prAkRta kAvya-sAhitya 573 pravrajyA 57, 58, 61, 142, 159, 232, 350 prAkRtacandrikA 649 prazastaratnAvali 665 prAkRtacarita-sAhitya 525 prabha 144 prAkRtadazabhakti 303 praznavAhana kula 505 prAkRtadIpikA 640 praznottara 360, 417, 129, 501, prAkRtadhAzraya 518, 603 prAkRtadhammapada 15

Page #843
647 anukramaNikA .837 prAkRtapAda 638 prANAmA (pravrajyA)70 prAkRtapiMgalaTIkA 649 prANAvAya 35 (noTa) prAkRtapaiMgala 654 prANivijJAna 43 prAkRtaprakAza 12, 24, 27, 603, prAtizAkhya 6,8 604, 605, 607, 631, 637, prAkRtatraya 297 638, 648 prAyazcita 150, 159, 161, 228 prAkRtabaMdha 628 prAvAraka 227 prAkRtamaMjarI 637, 638 prAsAdaprakaraNa 679 prAkRtamaNidIpa (prAkRtamaNidIpikA) priyadarzanA 554 priyadarzikA 622, 633 prAkRtayukti 648 priyadarzI azoka 15, 601 prAkRtarUpAvatAra 27,645, 648 prekhaNa 612 prAkRtalaMkezvararAvaNa 639 prekSAgRha 108 prAkRta ke lakSaNa 138 prema kA lakSaNa 629 prAkRtavyAkaraNa 16, 19, 27, 373, premapatra 473 599, 604, 605, 606, 636, premAkhyAna 364 637, 644,648 preraNa (geya) 423 (noTa) prAkRtavRtti 607 prophesara lAyamana 377, 378 (noTa) prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana 17, 27, 644 proSitabhartRkA 184 prAkRtazabdapradIpikA 649 proSThila 316 prauSadha 485 prAkRtazilAlekha 681 prAkRtasaMjIvanI 638 prAkRtasarvasva 21, 27, 29, 630, pharIdI (mudrA)679 637, 642 phalaka 68,108 prAkRta-sAhitya (zAstrIya) 667 / / phalaniryAsasAra 111 (noTa) prAkRtasAhityaratnAkara 649 phalgurakSita 101 prAkRtAnanda 648 phArasI 313 (noTa) prAkRtAnuzAsana 13, 31, 640, phIrojazAha sugalaka 479 prAgvATa kula 463 prAcIna karmagraMtha 336 baMgAdhipati 369, 547 prAcInagotrIya 203 baMgAla 560, 640 641 prAcIna prAkRta 4, 195 baMdha (zAstra) 423 prAcInavAha 226 baMdhadasA 41, 61 prAcyA 11, 18, 21, 611 (noTa), baMdhaSanizikAprakaraNa 349 617, 640, 641, 643, 690 baMdhasvAmitva vicaya 200

Page #844
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa baMdhasAmitta 336, 330 baladevapratimA 250 baMdhahetUdayatribhaMgIprakaraNa 349 balanandi 315 baMdhodayaprakaraNa 349 balAtkAra gaNa 325 baMmadatta (brahmadatta) 199, 491, basantapura 370 498, 503 bahattara kalA 64 bakuza 230 'bahatA haA nIra' 376 bausI (dAsI), bahalI (deza)206 baDesara (baTezvara) 417 bahassaidatta 97 baDDakahA (bRhatkathA) 4, 28, bahiH usara (praznottara) 502 356, 377, 383, 418, 657, bahiniyaMsiNI 185 659, 685 bAMsa kA vilepana 450 badarI (bera) 232 bAgaDa 321 banArasa ke Thaga 600 bADha 233, 254 banArasa 418,549 bANa 417, 418, 550, 574, 575, banArasIdAsa (vANArasIya) 333 .585, 596 bandhumatI 316 bAdazAha akabara 116, 343 banAsA 222 bAraha aMga (dvAdazAMga)2 bappairAma (vAkpatirAja) 589, bAraha bhintupratimA 62 ___594, 642 bArasa aNuvekkhA 302, 312 bappadevaguru 275 bAraha bhAvanAyeM 505 bappamaTTiprabaMdha 355 bAlakRSNa 626 bappamaTTisUri 354, 394 bAlacandra muni 324 babbara (barbara) 70, 92, 113, bAlaja (sUtra) 191 388, 482, 678 bAlabhArata 629 babbarakUla 460 / bAlamaraNa 124 babbara rAjA 462 bAlarAmAyaNa 12 (noTa), 313, 129 babbarI (dAsI):41 bAlasarasvatI 521 baramA (suvarNabhUmi) 220 bAhuka 187 (noTa) barADa 353 bAhubali 301, 312, 389, 529, barArI (machalI) 113(noTa) 551, 567 barbarIka 287 bAhuyuddha 366, 423 bala (siddhapuruSa) 370 bAhrIka 646 (noTa) balazrI 684 bAhokI 641, 643 balamitra-bhAnumitra 129, 354, 458 biMda (vRda)457 balarAma 608, 609 biMdusAra 35 (noTa) baladeva 117, 15, 422, 567 biMdusAra 244

Page #845
anukramaNikA 839 biMbisAra (bhabhasAra). (noTa), 127, 15, 195, bijaurA (bIjara) 473 202, 275, 307 bindumatI 429 bRhadgaccha 346 bimbapratiSThA 340 bRhadAturapratyAkhyAna 124 bihAra 353 begaDa 367, 481 bihArIsatasaI 575 ber3iya (ber3A)367, 481 bIjAyatanirAkaraNa 333 betAla 369 bIrabala 251 bedulla 564 bubAbho 372 (noTa) benyA 279 bukkasa 200 baikuMThacarita 632 bunakara 114 boMDaya (sUtra) 191 buddha 8, 64 (tIrthakara), 231 boTika (digaMbara) 230,233, 250, buddhakIrti muni 319 ___ 269 (noTa), 319 (noTa) buddhaghoSa 193 bodhapAhuDa 301 buddhadarzana 423, 565 bodhika (cora)-bodha 213, 211 buddhabhaTTa 678 (noTa) buddhavacana 189 bohistha (jahAja) 367, 481, 564 bauddhadharma 319 buddhAMDa353 buddhi ke cAra bheda59,358,493,504 bauddha jAtaka 268 buddhi (pariSad) 221 bauddha darzana kI utpatti 319 (moTa) buddhi 316 bauddha tripiTaka 14, 39 (noTa) budhasvAmI 28 bauddha bhikSu (raktapaTa) 494 vRhaTipaNikA 673 bauddha mata (kI utpatti)319 bRhatkathAzlokasaMgraha 28 bauddha bhikSu kI kathA 494, 495 vRhatkathAmaMjarI 28 brahma (yava)295 bRhatkathAkoSa 375 brahmagupta 115(noTa) bRhatkalpabhASya 161, 195, 211, brahmacarya (aThAraha) 12, 94 251, 270, 304, 353, 456, brahmadattAkathA 489 464, 669 brahmadeva 315 bRhatkalpaniyukti 202 brahmarSi 116 bRhatkSetrasamAsa 329, 346 brahmarSi pArzvacandrIya 154 bRhatsaMgrahaNI 329 yAcaDa 640 bRhatpAvali (aMcalagacchIya)355 brAhmaga 55, 59, 111, 155 bRhannayacakra 322 brAhmaNoM kI utpatti 250, 529 bRhatkalpa (kappa-kalpa-kalpAdhyayana) brAhmI (baMbhI) 15, 62, 61, 66, 34 (noTa), 35, 41, 43, 102 14, 681

Page #846
840 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (noTa), 35, 123, 124, 270, bhaMgi 114 (noTa) 304 (noTa),308 bhaMgiya-(bhaMgika-vastra) 136, 136 maddiyA 156, 354 (noTa), 226 bhadrabAhu 36, 45, 51, 52, 99, 100, 102 (noTa), 14, bhaMDazAlA 226 128, 135, 149, 54, 157, bhaMDIravana 262, 262 (noTa),354 162, 164, 65, 174, 180, maMDIra (yakSa)556 182, 188, 194, 195, 203, maMbhasAra (bimbasAra) 107 209, 246, 247, 269, 269 maMbhIya 189 (noTa) (noTa), 270 (noTa), 307, makarA (machalI) 113 (noTa) 316, 324, 339, 667, 668, bhakkhara dvija 559 669, 687 bhaktakathA 310,362 bhadrabAhu (vasudevacarita ke kartA) bhakticaitya 223 527 bhagavadgItA 386 bhadrabAhugaNi 319 bhagavatIdAsa 333 bhadavA husvAmI (uda saggahara ke kartA) bhagavatIsUtra (vivAhapaNNatti-vyA 571 khyAprajJapti) 64 (noTa), 65, bhadragupta 526 66, 112, 207 (noTa), 352, bhadrA 435 566, bhadrAcArya 270 bhagavatI (ahiMsA)93 bhagilapura 89, 114 (noTa) bhagavatIArAdhanA 16 / (noTa), bhadrezvara (marahesara) 439 (noTa), 174, 251, 270, 293, 303, 525, 671 687 bhadrezvarabAhubalivRtti (kathAkoza) bhagavatI kI ArAdhanA 549 bhadrezvarasUri 455 bhagavAna RSabhadeva 529 bhayahara 571 bhagavAnadAsa harSacandra 114 bharata 480, 507 bhaTTadArikA 627 (noTa) bharata (kekayI ke putra)390, 496, bhaTTanAtha 632 532, 533 bhaTTanArAyaNa 625 bharata 11,10,20, 24,30, 611, maTTayajusvAmI 426 627, 656, 658 bhaTTAraka indranandi 320 (noTa) bharata (prAkRta-vyAkaraNa ke kartA) maTTi kavi 598 637, 642, 651 bhaTTikAmya 598, 603, 642 bharata (cakravartI) 117, 168, 250, bhaTTiyAcArya 238 389, 445, 191, 508, 59, matapariNA (mataparijJA) 33 55, 565 439

Page #847
/ __ anukramaNikA bharata-airAvata 316 bhAratI 628 bharatakSetra (bhAratavarSa) 116 bhAratIya Arya bhASAyeM (tIna yuga)4 bharatacarita 526 bhAratetara prAkRta 15 bharavasA (bharosA)448 bhAradvAja 15 bharahesara 525 bhAradvAja 389 (noTa) bharuyakaccha-bhRgukaccha (bhaDauMca)219, bhAriyagosAla (gozAla) 247 226, 326, 373, 458, 546, bhArgava 389 (noTa) 562, 563, 565 bhAryA (do bhAiyoM kI eka) 263 bhavadeva 491 bhAvadevasUri 455 bhavana 112 bhAvatribhaMgI (bhAvasaMgraha)324 bhavabhAvanA 360, 368, 505 bhAvanAyeM (paJcIsa) 63 bhavabhUti 551 (noTa), 590 592 bhAvaTTikA (AkhyAna)447 bhavabhUti ke nATaka 624 bhAvapAhuDa 301 bhaviSyadattacaritra 441 (noTa) bhAvaprakAzana 628 bhavisattakahA 441 (noTa) bhAvapratimA 155 bhavyasundarIkathA 489 bhAvavijaya 164 bhavyasena 301 bhAvasaMgraha 317,321 bhasaa 240 bhAvasAdhu 341 bhAMDa (vidyA)366 bhAvasUri 163 (noTa) 'bhAThaya bhaiNI tumhe' (mAlavA kA bhAvadevasUri 350 prayoga)427 bhAvArthadIpikA (TIkA) 305 bhAgavata 611 bhASA (aThAraha)287 bhAgavatapurANa 117 (noTa) 189, bhASA Arya 114 / 610 bhASAoM kA vargIkaraNa 3 mAgurAyaNa 369, 547 bhASATIkA 113 bhATakarma 14 (noTa) bhASArahasyaprakaraNa 335 mANa 423, 423 (noTa)612 bhASAvanikA (TIkA) 305 bhANikA 423 (noTa), 612 bhASArNava 649, 665 . bhAdrapada sudI pacamI 142, 458 bhASAvijaya 99 bhAnumitra 458 bhASAyeM (sAta)611 (noTa) bhAmaDala 532 bhApya 193, 195 bhASyatraya 337 bhAmakavi 647 (noTa) bhAmaha 13. 24, 637, 638, 642, bhASyasAhitya 211 647,656 bhASyoM kA samaya 195 bhAminIvilAsa 666 bhAma 22,24,254, 590, 592,611 bhArata (mahAbhArata)" (noTa), (noTa), 612, (noTa), 614, 188,651 617, 633

Page #848
842 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAskara 115 (noTa) bhUtalipi 496 mikkhoNDa 191 bhUtavAdI 462 bhikSA 233 : bhUtavidyA 61 (noTa) bhintu 29, 179, 191, 641 bhUtikarma 144 bhikSucaryA 176 bhUtoM ko bali 488,510 mitupratimA (bAraha) 62, 153, bhUmiparIkSA 679 555 bhUyavAta 99 bhitti 143, 222 bhUyasirI 83 bhimAla 373 bhUyaskArAdivicAraprakaraNa 349 bhillaka (saMgha)320, 321 bhUSaNazAlA 294 millamAla 223, 417 bhUpaNabhaTTa 595 millamAla (zrImAla vaMza)521 muMgasaMdeza 606 bhImakumAra 559 zrRMgAra 295 bhImadeva 152 mRtaka 57 bhIma-mahAbhIma 431 bherI (cAra)221 bhImAraNya 529 bheSaja 68 bhImAsurakkha 189 bhairavAnanda 369, 447 bhISaNAnana (rAsa)596 bhairavAcAyaM 438 bhujaMga (viTa) 11 bhoga (Aryakula) 60, 14 bhujagAdhipa 650 bhogavayatA (lipi)13 bhuvanakIrti 537 (noTa) bhogavatI 81 bhuvanatuMga 124 bhojapatra 263 avanabhAnu 509 bhoja (kavi) 573 (noTa) bhuvanAlaMkAra (hAthI)530 bhoja (deza)646 (noTa) bhuvanezvara 681 bhoja (bhojarAja)28, 575, 595, bhuvanasuMdarI 505 642, 156, 657, 619, 660, bhUI (sAsa)510 690 bhUta (zAstra) 423 bhoTTa 29 (noTa) bhUta (maha) 81, 140, 146 bhoyaNapiDhaga 79 bhUtacikitsA 540 bhoyaDA (kachoTA) 245 bhUtadina 188 bhaujAI ke sAtha vivAha 504 bhUtabali 98 (noTa), 274, 273, bhautAcArya 491 279, 324, 673 - bhIma 55, 63, 671 bhUtapratimAyeM 591 bhramarI (bhASA)368, 430 bhUtabhASA (paizAcI) 28, 29, ma (noTa) 657 maMkha 556

Page #849
__anukramaNikA maMkhaligozAla (maMkhaliputta) 87, macchajAtaka 254 (noTa) __ 187, 207 (noTa), 250, machalI (aNimisa) 177 556, 668 machue 219 maMkhuka 161 majhimanikAya 189 (noTa), 215 maMgala (caitya)223, 353 (noTa), 225 (noTa) maMgala dravya (ATha)295 majjhimapAvA (madhyamapAvA) 156, maMgalamAlAkathA 489 354, 557 maMgu (AcArya-Arya maMgu) 521,526 maTha (chAtroM kA)366 maMgola 29 (noTa) maDaMba 149, 158, 221 maMDalapavesa 190 maNaga 174 maMDalaprakaraNa 349 maNikarNikA ghATa 354 maMDalAvarta 432 maNikulyA (kathA) 361 (noTa) maMDava (gotra)60 maNikAra (maniyAra)82 maMDita cora 268 maNizalAkA (madya)111 (noTa) maMtra 354, 368, 423, 430, 480, maNizAkha 370, 450, 680 507, 550 maNDapikA 601 maMtra-taMtra 550, 673 matisaMpadA 154 maMtramaMDala 447 mattagainda 573 (noTa) maMtrarAjaguNakarupamahodadhi 571 matsya (machalI) 113 maMtravidyA 246,369 matsyaNDikA (bUrA) 364 maMtrazAlA 294 matsyamala 447 maMtrazAkha 274,368 mathurA 20, 37, 43, 61, 14 maMtrAnuyoga 63 (noTa), 141, 207, 219, 223, maMtrI (pariSad )22 // 229, 259, 260, 262, 269, maMthavikA (kathA) 365 303, 320, 321, 353, 354, maMdaprabodhinI (TIkA)313 377, 501, 509, 563, 550 maMdodarI 390, 529, 533, 556, 601, 608 mabharanda 573 (noTa) makaradADhA vezyA 491 mathurA ke pAMca sthala 354 magadha 28, 57, 113 (noTa), 219, mathurA ke bAraha vana 354 287, 389, 427, 514, 601 mathurAnAtha zAstrI 576 magadha (goDa) 591 mathurApurIkalpa 353 magadhapura (rAjagRha)509 mada (ATha) 62 magadhabhASA 14 madanavArANasI (madanapurA)355 magadhasenA 247, 359, 366, 376 madanotsava 576 magari (machalI) 113 (noTa) madirAvatI 523 macchakhala 113 (noTa) madya (vikaTa) grahaNa 11, 11

Page #850
anukramaNikA mallavAdI 194, 331, 339, 355, mahAdhavala 276, 289, 313 mahAnagara 61 (noTa) mallavAdiprabandha 355 mahAnadI 229 malaseNa 573 (noTa) mahAnasazAlA 82 mallikArjuna 551 (noTa) mahAnadiyA~ (pAMca)59, 11 mallikArjuna 601 mahAnimitta (ATha) 60, 247, mallinAhacariya (mallinAthacarita) 669, 672 526, 569 mahAniyAmika (mahAvIra)87 mallI 59, 63, 81, 250, 295, 531 mahAnirukti 197 (noTa) masUraka 227 mahAnisIha (mahAnizItha) 35, masUrikA 564 41, 127, 133, 146, 147, maskarI pUrana 320 190, 195 (noTa), 241, maha (utsava) 140 351, 352, 354, 522, 584 mahatIvimAnapravibhakti 153 mahApaJcakkhANa (mahApratyAkhyAna) mahattara 141, 220 33 (noTa), 35, 123, 124, mahamUdasAhI (mudrA) 679 128, 190 mahalliAvimANapavibhatti 190 mahApaNNavaNA 190 mahAummagga jAtaka 206 (noTa) mahApariNNA (mahAparijJA) 41, mahA auSadhi 353 48, 199, 206 mahAkappasua (mahAkalpazruna) 102 mahApariSThApanikAvidhi 352 (noTa), 190, 220, 230, 246, mahApazu (manuSya)591 271, 323, 325 mahApuMDarIka 271, 323, 325 mahAkazcAyana 197 (noTa) mahApratipadA (cAra) 58 mahAdharmakathaka (mahAvIra)87 mahAprANa 100 mahAkavIzvara candrazekhara 665 . mahAbaMdha 276, 298 mahAkAla 390, 446 mahAvala rAjA 565 mahAkAla ( yogAcArya) 369, 553 mahAbrAhmaNa (mahAvIra) 87 mahAkAsava 187 mahAbhArata (bhArata) 43,71 (noTa), mahAgiri (Arya ) 102 (noTa), 111 (noTa), 191, 213 (noTa), 188, 226, 498 268, 309, 356, 412, 415, mahAgopa (mahAvIra)87 522,525, 584 mahAcIna 678 mahAbhArata zAntiparva 166 (noTa), mahAjanaka jAtaka 166 (noTa) 183 (noTa) mahAtapopatIraprabha70 mahAbhApya 7 (noTa), 8 mahAthala 354 mahAmalla 454, 553 mahAdevI gotamI 684 mahAmaha (cAra) 146

Page #851
846 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mahAyaca 295 mahAzataka 87 mahArAjA mahAmeghavAhana 682 mahAzilAkaMTaka 71 mahArASTra 13, 24, 142, 244, 245, mahAsArthavAha (mahAvIra )87 287, 366, 632, 657, 678 mahAsatI narmadAsuMdarI 459 mahArASTramaMDala 496 mahAsena rAjarSi 519 mahArASTracUDAmaNi 632 mahAsenavana 557 mahArASTravAsiyoM kI vAcAlatA 219 mahAsena 524 mahArASTrI 11, 12, 13, 14, 20, 21, mahAstUpa 5.1 . 22, 24, 29,372, 382, 412, mahAvIrathava 571 .463, 501, 528, 585,589, mahimAnagarI 274, 278 607, 619, 621, 622, 624, mahilA 126, 513 625, 638, 641, 643, 649, mahiliyA 126 mahArASTrodbhava 646 mahivAlakahA 487 mahAvaMza (cAra) 529 mahiSa 674 mahAvAdI 208 mahiSAsura 590 mahAvIra (vardhamAna-jJAtRputra) 8, mahI 59, 60, 143, 160 20, 45, 49 54, 59, 60, 63, mahIpAla 488 64, 65, 71, 72, 74, 87, 90, mahumahaviaa (madhumathavijaya) 95, 107, 11, 112, 133, 594, 595 155, 170, 207, 250, 254, maheThi (zrAvasti )354 269, 295, 525, 531, 554 mahendra (parvata).591, 684 mahAvIra kI kaThora sAdhanA 48 mahendradatta 309 mahAvIra kA garbhaharaNa 206 mahendrasUri 349 mahAvIra ke cAturmAsa 156, 354 mahendrasUri (narmadAsundarI ke kartA) mahAvIra kA dharmopadeza 523 459 mahAvIra ke nau gaNa 61 mahezvara 251 mahAvIra ke ziSya 170,310 mahezvarasUri (jJAnapaMcamI ke kartA) mahAvIrakalpa 355 372, 440 mahAvIracariya (mahAvIracarita) mahosadha paMDita 206 (noTa), 251, 369, 431, 445, 448, 550 268 mahAvIrarita bhavatika mleccha 29, 50, 92, 13, 145 mahAvIracaritra (kalpasUtra meM)51 gleccha (deza) 238 mahAvIranirvANa 36, 37, 38, 43, mAMDalika rAjA 93 112, 274 mAMDalika (ratnoM kA pArakhI) 679 mahAvrata 51, 59, 62, 65, 307, mAMsakraya 447 330, 392 mAMsavirati 532

Page #852
anukramaNikA 847 mAMsabhakSaNa 383, 392, 531 mAnadevasUri (sAvayadhammavidhi ke mAidhavala 322 TIkAkAra)339 mAuggAma 140, 245 mAnadevasUri (zIlAMkAcArya ke guru) mAkaMdIputra 15, 525 mAgadha200 mAnadevasUri (uvaharaNavihi ke kartA) mAgadha (pizAca deza)27, 642 mAgadhikAyeM 203, 204, 651 mAnastaMbha 295 mAgadhiyA (gaNikA) 251, 497, mAndurikA 642 6.4 mAyaMga 187 mAgadhI 11, 12, 14, 18, 20, 21, mAyaMgA (vidyA) 389 29,30,31,361, 502, 599, mAyAgatA 272 602, 611 (noTa), 613, 614, mAyAdisya 419 615, 616, 617, 617, 618, mArubAI (mAravADI)651 669, 621, 621, 624, 625, mArkaNDeya 19, 21, 22, 27, 29, 638, 639, 640, 641, 643, 630, 637, 642, 643 . 644, 645, 646, 657, 658, mArgaNA 276, 278, 280, 306, 685, 690 311 mAgha 550, 607 mArjArakRtakukkuTamAMsa 73, 73 mAThara 189, 220 (noTa) mANava (gaNa)61 mArSa 627 (noTa) mANikyazekhara 172 (noTa), 173, mAlatImAdhava 551 (noTa), 624 204 mAlava-mAlavaya (mAlavA) 65, 137, mANikyasAgara 330 213 (noTa), 233, 245, mAtaMga (yajJa)295 246, 287, 326, 353, 366, mAtRkApada (chiyAlIsa)64 367, 373, 423, 427, 431, mAtRmedha 508 482, 658, 659 mAtraka 152, 185 mAlavikAgnimitra 621, 333 mAtrAchanda 651 mAlaviNI (lipi) 496 mAtrAsTTA 651 mAlavI (mudrA)679 mAthura saMgha 320 (noTa), 321 mAlA 246, 353 mAthurasaMghIya 305 mAlAropaNaadhikAra 333 mAthurI vAcanA 37,38, 259 mAlAropaNavidhi 351 mAdhavacandra vidya 335 mAlya 59 mAdhava maMtrI 354 mAsakalpavihAra 333 mAdhavikA 660 mAsapurI 114 (noTa) mAnatuGgasUri 566, 571 mAhaNa (brAhmaNa)389

Page #853
858 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa mAhaNakuMDaggAma 72, 155 municandra (zAMnisUri ke ziSya)569 mAhavaseNa 573 (noTa) municandra (vanaspanimattariprakaraNa ke mAhezvara kula 180 kartA)349 mAhesara (lipi) 63 municandra (sAdhu) 438 miaMga 573 (noTa) municandra (cUrNIkAra) 334 . mitra kA lakSaNa 411 municandra (pArdhApasya ) 250 mithyAzAstra 191 municandrasUri (vIradeva ke guru) 488 miyAputta (mRgAputra) 95, 164, municandra (rasAulo ke kartA) 585 168, 203,357, 358, 515 municandrasUri (vAdidevasUri ke guru) milindapaNha 180 (noTa) munibhadra 569 mizra (prAyazcita) 162 munisundara (upadezaravAkara ke kartA) mizra (apabhraMza) 657 490, 521 mizraprAkRta bhASA 196 munisundara 355 mizrabhASA 429 munisuvrata (nAtha)531, 561, 565 miSTAnna 112 muruNDa 92, 219 mihilA (mithilA) 61, 113 mulatAnI (mudrA) 679 (noTa), 141, 156, 165 muSTika (malla) 609 (noTa) 166, 309, 353, musudi 106 354, 532, 557 muhammadazAha (tugalaka)353 mINA (machalI) 113 (noTa) mUa 234 mImAMsA 104 mUtrapAna 160 muMja 658 mUrdhAbhiSikta 140, 141 muMDI 246 mUlaka (deza)684 mukuMda 140, 555 mUlaguNa ( aTThAisa)308 mukuMdadeva 642 mUla gotra (sAta) 60 mukuMdamaMdira 454 mUladeva (mUlabhadra) 211, 212, muktaka kAvya 26, 573 268, 341, 493 (noTa), muktAphala 678 437,445,463, 494, 503 muktAvali (tapa) 512 mUladevI (lipi) 496 mukhavastrikA 185 mUlanaya (sAta)60 mukhtalaphI (mudrA) 679 mUla prAyazcita 162 muNisumvayasAmicariya (munisuvrata mUlarAja 599 svAmicarita) 526, 569 mUlazuddhiprakaraNa 433 mudrArAkSasa 22, 624 mUlazuddhiTIkA (sthAnakaprakaraNavRtti) madrAvidhi 352 456 mUrcchanA 190

Page #854
anukramaNikA 849 mUlazrI (mUladeva) 413, 413 (noTa) mer3hagiri 303 mUlasaMgha 317, 320 (noTa), 325 metArya 206, 358, 491 mUlasutta (mUlasUtra) 33 (noTa), meraka 111 (noTa) 35, 44, 163 meru (kailAza parvata ) 246, 531, mUlAcAra 161 (noTa), 180 (noTa), 559 189 (neTa), 195 (noTa), merutuMga 129 (noTa), 337 204 (noTa), 210, 270, 273, mevADa 654 293, 304 (noTa), 308, maithuna 59, 140, 159, 229 316,687 maithunazAlA 294 mUSikAradAraka 83 moka 229 mRganAbhi 679 mokapratimA 153 mRgAramAtA vizAkhA 467 (noTa) mokkhapAhuDa 301 mRgAvatI 65, 72, 208, 358, 371, moggarapANi 90 491, 557, 566 maudgalyAyana 115, 319 (noTa), mRcchakaTika 12, 22, 30, 612 (noTa), 613 (noTa), 616, maunaekAdazIkathA 489 617, 690 mominI alAI (mudrA)679 mRtaka ko cAhane vAlI (bhagavatI)451 moriyaputra tAmalI 70 mRtakagRha 138 maurya 129, 244 mRtakalega 139 mauryavaMza 354 mRtaka-saMskAra 307 moli 65 mRtaka-stUpa 139 mohanIya 64 mRttikAvatI 114 (noTa) mRdaMga 282 mRdvIkAsAra (dApAsava) 111 (noTa) yaMtrapIlanakarma 64 (noTa), 86 mRSAvAda 92 yaMtrapratiSThA 352 mRSAvAdI 92 yakSa 68, 81, 140, 295, 330, meMThiyagrAma 73 422, 488 meghakumAra 76, 557,566 yadatta 417 meghadUta 521, 606 yajJabhavana 452 meghananda 245 yacamaha 146 meghavijayagaNi 270 (noTa), 333, yakSarUpa ( meM zvAna)246 669 yamasena 147 meghavijayagaNi ( bhaviSyadattacaritra ke __ kartA)441 yatAviSTa 160 mer3atA 505 yakSiNI 295, 330,368, 430 54 prA0sA0 ya

Page #855
490 * 246 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa yakSiNIsiddhi 423 yazodeva (dharmopadezamAlA ke kartA) yakSI (lipi) 196 yakSezvara 295 yazodeva (candraprabhasvAmIcarita ke yajurveda 58,80 __ kartA)526 yajJa kI utpatti 530 yazodeva (navatasvagAthAprakaraNa ke yajJopavIta 389 vRttikAra)345 yatijItakalpa 33 (noTa), 162 / / yazodevasUri (paJcakkhANasasva ke yatidinacaryA 584 __ kartA) 340 yatilakSaNasamuccaya 351 yazobAhu 316 yatizrAvaka (dharma)250 yazobhadra (AcArAMgasUtra ke dhAraka) yativRSabha 277, 291, 292, 293, 316 296,525 yazobhadrasUri 269 (noTa) yamagaMDikA (yama kI gAr3I) 401 yazobhadrasUri (poDazakaprakaraNa ke yamunA 59, 60, 143, 160 TIkAkAra) 347 yava (mauryavaMza kI upamA)244 yazovarmA (rAjA)589, 593, 594 yavana 29 (noTa), 92, 113, 206, yazovijaya 114, 317, 335, 338, __343, 348, 349, 351 yavanadvIpa 388, 460, 509 yaSTi 136, 152, 185, 186 yavanAnI (lipi)114 yAkinImahattarA 394, 492 yavanikAMtara 628, 631 yAkobI (haramana jaikobI) 528 yavanikA 262 yAjJavalkya 250, 388 yavanI (lipi) 496 yAdava 509 yavamadhyacandrapratimA 153 yAdavendra 654 yaza (ziSya)377 yAna 112, 260 yazaHpAla 316 yApanIyaka 301 yazavardhana 147 yApanIya saMgha 320 (noTa), 311 yazasvI tIrthakara 64 (noTa) yApanIyasaMghIya 174 yazodeva (piMDavisohI ke TIkAkAra) yAyAravaMzIya (rAjazekhara ) 629 132 yAraka 6 yazodevasUri (pavitrayasutta ke TIkA- yuktiprabodha nATaka 270 (noTa), 333 yuddha (cAra) 509 yazodA 554 yuvarAja 220 yazodeva upAdhyAya (navapadaprakaraNa- yuvatIcaritra 504 vRttikAra)348 yeraguDI 681 yazodevasUri (AyapaMcAzaka ke yoga 144, 338, 423 cUrNIkAra)348 yogapaTTaka 185 ___kAra) 186

Page #856
anukramaNikA yogarAja 491 ratikali 467 yogasAra 324 rativAkya 179 yogaviMzikA 338 rana (caudaha) 62, 111 yogazAstra 370, 450 ratnoM kI utpatti 504 yogazuddhi 334 rakhakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 273 yogasaMgraha (battIsa)64 ratnakIrti deva 317 yogasiddhi (maTha)516 ratnacandra 653 yogAnuyoga 13 ratnanikoTi 447 yogI (kanaTopadhArI)560 ratnadvIpa 82,388, 421 yogIndra 474 ratnaparIkSA 370, 418, 678 yogIndradeva 324 ratnapura 365, 483 yonistavaprakaraNa 349 ratnaprabha 526 yonigrAbhRta (joNipAhuDa)33 (noTa), ratnaprabhasUri 491 129, 246, 430, 438, 673, ravamaya stUpa 219 674, 680 ratnavatI 366 yonipoSaNa (vezyAvRtti) 511 ratnazikha 500 yoSit 126 ratnazekhara (rAjA)365 ratnazekharasUri (chaMdAkoza ke kartA) raMgAyaNamalla 431 653 raMgoliyAM 507 ratnazekharasUri (dinasuddhi ke kartA) raMbhAmaMjarI 333 64 676 rairAma 573 (noTa) ratnazekharasUri (sirivAlakahA ke raktapaTa (bauddha bhikSu) 494 kartA) 342, 479 raktasubhadrA 93 ratnazekharasUri (guNasthAnakramArohaNa racApoTalI 369 ke kartA)349 ravikA 81 ratnazekharasUri (vyavahArazuddhiprakAza raghukAra 592 ke kartA) 344 raghRdaya 605 ratnazekharasUri (laghukSetrasamAsa ke rajaka 219 kartA)347 rajasvANa 185 ratnazekharasUri (vaMdittusutta ke TIkArajoharaNa 48, 59, 68, 137, 139, kAra) 187 159, 185, 226 ratnazravA 529 rajju 136 ratnasAgara 155 rajjU (rAjU)285 ratnasiMha 660 (noTa) rahakUDa (rAThaur3a)95 ratnAkarasUri 345 raDdA 471 rasnAvali (tapa)512

Page #857
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa ratnAvali 622, 623, 633, 652, 203, 227, 353, 354, 378, 656,.659, 664 509 ratha 260 rAjataraMgiNI 29 (noTa) rathanUpuracakravAla 477 rathanemI 164, 169, 170, 357, rAjaduSTakArI 93 567 rAjadhAnI 61,141, 149, 158 rathamuzala saMgrAma 71 rAjadhAnI vArANasI 354 rathayAtrA 221 rAjanIti 668 rathavIrapura 269 (noTa) rAjanya 60 ranna 570 rAjapiMDa 59, 229 rayaNakaMvala 435 rAjapUtAnA 353 rayaNacUDAcariya (ratnacUDAcarita), rAjamalla 537 (noTa) 367,541 rAjamatI guhA 353 rayaNasAra 297, 300, 301 (noTa) rAjarakSaka 139 rayaNaseharIkahA (ratnazekharIkathA) rAjarpivadhU 684 365, 482 rAjalakSaNa 370 rayaNAvali (desInAmamAlA) 655 rAjavArtika 271 (oTa) ravigupta 147 rAjazekhara 11 (noTa), 12 (noTa), raviSeNa 272, 527 (noTa) 29 (noTa) 573 (noTa), rasa 368, 423 575, 610, 6:3, 628, 629, rasavANijya 64 (na 632, 633, 654, 656, 660, rasavAda 354, 439 690 rasavidyA 355 . rAjazekhara maladhAri 439 (noTa) rasAula 585 rAjasthAna 373, 433 rasAyana 61 (noTa), 123 rAjacihna (pAMca)59 rasAlaya 585 rAjA 220 rAkSasa 28, 29, 388, 641, 646 rAjA (ko vaza meM karanA) 139 (noTa) rAjAra 58 rAkSasI (bhASA)429 rAjA lAtavAhana (zAli vAhanahAla) rAkSasI (devI)368 430 142, 239, 595 rAkSasI (lipi) 496 rAjImatI 664, 169, 351, 371, rAgabheda 433 50, 567 rAghavacarita (paumacariya) 528 rAjya ke liye aniSTakAraka yAne 220 rAghavavilAsa 665 rAtri (paribhASA) 446 rAcamalla 312 rAtrikathA 362 rAjagRha 61,705 76, 79, 81, 82, rAtrika (pratikramaNa) 186 113 (noTa), 141, 201, rAtribhakta 223

Page #858
853 anukramaNikA rAtribhojana 59, 142 159, 186, riSTalamuccaya 677 255, 229, 445, 517, 560, riSTha (magha) 111 (noTa) rukmtramUliyA (vidyA) 389 rAtrivastrAdigrahaNa 223 rukmiNI 93 rAma (rAmacandra) 268, 374, 390, rukmiNImadhu 445 391, 392, 496, 525, 527 rucaka (grAma) 222 rAmakathA 585 rudra (rudradAsa ke guru) 630 rAma-kRSNa 386 rudra (devatA)81, 140, 555 rAmagupta (rAjarSi) 187 (noTa) ruTa 7 (noTa), 17, 27, 29 (noTa), rAmadAsa 586 574, 657 rAmadeva 337 rudradAsa 374, 614,630, 632 rAmanandi 323 rudra mizra 65 rAmanagara 83 rudrasUri (AcArya) 449 rAmapANivAda 374,607, 609,614, ruyyaka 656, 661 626, 627, 638, 690 rUpaga (sikkA) 138, 227 rAmaputta 187 rUpaka 612 rAmavijaya 491 rUpagatA 272 rAmazarmA tarkavAgIza 22, 641 rUpacandra 333 rAmasetupradIpa 586 rUpayakSa (rUpadakkha) 220 (noTa) rAmasena 321 revatI (meMDhiyagrAmavAsI)73 rAmA 126 revatI 87 rAmAkrIDa 423 (noTa) revatI (nakSatra) 115 rAmAyaNa 111 (noTa), 159 (noTa), revA (nadI)384 189, 191, 268,309,356, revAtaTa 303 412, 415,525 revA (kaviyitrI) 573 (noTa) rAmAyaNacaMpU 659 revAiJca (brAhmaNa) 536 rAmiva 270 (noTa) resiMdagiri 303 rAyapaseNaiya (rAjapraznIya-rAjaprase. raivataka (revata-raivatakagiri-giranAra) nakIya-rAjaprasenajit )34,39, . 80,88, 169, 353, 509, 565 42, 43, 66, 190 raivatakagirikalpa 353 rAvaNa 390, 391, 496, 599,586 roga 112 rAvaNavaho (setubaMdha)660 rohaka 206, 268, 358, 493, 504 rAvaNavijaya 595 rohagupta 60 rASTrakUTa 596 rohasena 30 rAsaka 423 (noTa), 6.2, 628 rohA 573 (noTa) rAhasyikI (paripad) 221 rohiNI (yakSiNI) 295 rircaDa pizala (pizala) 175, 649 rohiNI (bata) 323

Page #859
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa rohiNI (patohU) llnaa|26 rohiNI 445 lalitavigraharAjanATaka 30,625 rohiNIcarita 526 lalitavistara 189 (noTa), 309 rohiNeya (cora) 220, 445 (noTa) rohiya (rohU machalI) 113(noTa) lalitAMga 370,410, 467 lalla 675 laMkA 391, 532, 586 lava 529,534 laMkezvara 639 lavaNasamudra 295,316,356 laMkha 219 lahasuna 51 laMbhaNa (machalI) 113 (noTa) lahasuniyA 679 lausI (dAsI) 11 lAirisakha 26 lakuTi yuddha 366, 423 lAkSAvANijya 65 (noTa) lakSaNa 55, 63, 144,475, 507 lATadeza (lADa) 2(noTa), 222, lakSaNazAstra 517 245, 251, 297, 369, 367, lakSaNavidyA 166 377, 423, 427, 430, 450, lakSaNA (auSadhi)353 536 lakSaNAdevI 148 lATa lipi 496 lacamaNagaNi 377, 558, 688 lAThiyAM 186 lakSmaNa (graMthakartA)584 lAr3ha deza 48, 65, 287, 556 lakSmaNa 390, 496, 532, 533 laoNyamana (arnesTa) 26, 377, lacamIdhara (lakSmaNasUri)21, 29, 378 (noTa) 633, 646, 647 lAsiyA (dAsI)141 laghamIlAbhagaNi 344 lAssana 649 laghamIvallama 155, 164, 375 liMga (adhikAra)305 laguTIkopamasutta (majjhimanikAya) liMga (ahilTANa 232 215 (noTa), 225 (noTa) liMgapAhuDa 302 laggasuddhi (lagnakuMDalikA) 676 liMgaprAbhUta 301 (noTa) laghuajitasaMtithava 570 (noTa) liMgalakSa (yakSa) 449 laghukSetrasamAsa 347 liMbaDI 442 laghunizItha (nizItha) 157 licchavI (nau) 56 laghusaMghayaNI 346 lipi (aThAraha) 62, 496 latAgRha 295 lippAsana (dAvAta) 109 latAmaMDapa 112 lIlAvaI (lIlAvatI)361 (noTa), labdhisAra 313, 314 585, 595, 596, 597, 390 lamdhistavaprakaraNa 349 lIlAvatI (rAmapANivAdakRta) 226, layama (guphA)184

Page #860
anukramaNikA lIlAvatI (rAnI) 440 vaMdaNayabhAsa (vRhad vaMdanabhASya) lIlAvatIkathA-vRtti 596 lIlAvatIkAra 14 vaMdana (vadanA) 189, 271, 323 lIlAzuka 374 vaMdana-stavana 173 luiDarsa 614 vaMdittusutta (zrAddhapratikramaNasUtra) lumbAkamatanirAkaraNa 332 33 (noTa), 187 lekha 189 vaMzIdhara 654 lekhAcArya 464, 507 vaMzImUla (ghara ke bAhara kA cautara) lepa 233 159 lepakarma 143, 423 vairasiMha (rAjA) 456 lepopari 233 vairAgara (vajrAkara deza) 450 loka kA AkAra 282 vaisesiya (vezeSika) 189 lokanATya ke prakAra 612 vakragrIva (kundakunda) 297 lokanATikAprakaraNa 349 vakrokti 501 lokapAla 529 vagurI (jUtA) 137 lokavAda 52 vacanasaMpadA 154 lokavibhAga 293, 296, 297, 315 vacanikA 193 lokAyata 189 vaccha (gotra) 60 lokAMtikastavaprakaraNa 349 vaccha (varasa deza) 65, 114 (noTa) lomavAlA (carma) 143 vajabhUmi (vajrabhUmi) 18, 250, loha (lohAcArya)316 lohajaMdha 464 vajjAlagga 26, 579 lohe ke upakaraNa 225 vaji (janapada)65 lohArya (sudharmA)316 vajI (licchavI)42,71 lauMga 452 vajIvidehaputra (kUNika) 65, 71 laukAyatika darzana 423 vajra (vaira) svAmI (Aryavajralaukika 231 vajrarSi) 148, 250, 255, laukikamUr3hatA 309 339, 446, 359, 491, 497, 526, 601, 667 vaMkacUla 523 vajracarita 526 vaMga 65, 113 (noTa), 591 vajranaMdi 320 vaMgacUliyA (vaggacUliyA-varga vajramadhyapratimA 153 cUlikA) 33 (noTa), 132, vajramitra 52 // 153, 190 vajrayaza 295 . vaMcaka vaNik 503 vajrarSabhanArAcasaMhanana 60 vaMjula 61 vajrazAkhA 197

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prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vajrazRMkhalA 295 varadAma 57, 245 (noTa), 389,514 vajrasena 349 varadeva 568 vajrasenasari (ratnazekharasUri ke vararuci 9, 11, 12, 21, 21, 21, 27, 603, 605, 606, 64, vajrAMkuzA 295 624, 636, 637, 638, 642, 'vajrAMgayonigudamadhya' 483 657, 648 vaTavAsinI (bhagavatI) 551 vararuci 251, 468 (noTa) vaTTakera 161 (noTa), 180 (noTa) varavAruNI 111 (noTa) 210, 273, 308, 316 varasIdhu 111 (noTa) vaTTA 114 (noTa) varAhamihira 128, 267 vaDagarA (machalI) 113 (noTa) varuNopapAta (varuNovavAya) 153,190 vaDama 234 vargaNA 276, 287 vaDabhI (dAsI) 41 varNachanda 6 // vaDasaphara (jahAz2a)481 varNavAda 142 vaDA (machalI) 113 (noTa) vardhamAna (mahAvIra ) 554 vaDakara (yakSa)446 vardhamAna (puruSa)309 vaDDhamANavijjAkappa 675 vardhamAnagrAma 554 vaNik (jhaMTana)498 vardhamAnadezanA 523 vaNika loga 37 vardhamAnasUri (AdinAthacarita ke vANikanyAya 229 kartA)526, 560 vaNhidasA (vRSNidazA)34, 118, va 225 122, 190 varSadhara 141 varasa (rAjA) 623 varSAkAla 218 vatsarAjakathA 489 varSAkAla meM gamana 225 vana 260 varSA Rtu kA varNana 560 vanakarma 64 (noTa), 86 balabhI (grAma) 222 vanavAsi yakSa 446 valabhI 20, 37, 38, 129, 270 vanaspativijJAna 43 (noTa),319 vanaspati meM jIvasiddhi 392 valabhI vAcanA 38, 194,255 vanaspatisattariprakaraNa 349 valkalacIrI 187, 187 (noTa), banitA 126 268, 383 vanIpaka 51 (noTa), 56, 59 vagumatI 201 vanaukasI 642 vasamaka (puruSavaSa)309 vamana 144 vaha 573 (noTa) vaSpa (caityavRkSa) 61 vaziSThagotrIya (trizalA) 156 varaNA 14 (noTa) vaziSTha muni 301

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anukramaNikA 857 vazIkaraNa 83, 370, 450, 551 vAgurA 227 vazIkaraNasUtra (tAbIz2a) 138 vAgurika 92, 219 vasati 495 vAguri 660 vasantakrIr3A 509 vAgbhaTa 574, 656 vasantatilakA 629 vAcakavaMza 112 vasantatilakA(gaNikA)385 vAcanAbheda 111 vasantapura 449 vATagrAmapura 275 vasantarAja 638, 642 vANijyakula 197 . vasudatta 521 vANijyagrAma (vANiyagAma-baniyA) vasudeva 381, 349, 508, 516, 71, 74, 85, 95, 96, 156, 567 354, 557 vasudevacarita (bhadrabAhu kA)527 vAtika (vAyu se pIDita) 58, 159 vasudevacarita (vasudevahiNDI) 381 vAdamahArNava (TokA) 331 vasudevacariya 247,359 vAdigokulapaNDa 522 vasudevanandi 308 vaadi| 379, 423 vasunandizrAvakAcAra 322 vAdidevasUri 492 vasudevahiNDI (vasudevacarita) 196, vAdivetAla (zAntisUri) 102 360, 365, 370, 373, 381, (noTa), 164, 194, 340 noTa 382, 525, 527, 668 (noTa)360 vasudevahiMDhIkAra 363, 680 vAnamantara 256 vasti (mazaka)564 vAnaravaMza kI utpatti 529 vastupAla 353, 441,561 vApI 12, 260 vastupAlacaritra 482 vastupAlaprabaMdha 359 vAmaNI (dAsI) 141 vastusAra 679 vAmanAcArya 649 vastra 59, 112, 152, 159, 235, vAmamArga 369, 451, 547 vAmamArgI 368,550 246 vAmalokavAdI 93 vanoM ke prakAra 227 vArattaya (vAratraka) 187, 491 vatrakAra 249 vAravanitA 507 vADyA (bAI) 437 vArA (nagara)315 vAkauzalya 360 vApatirAja (bappAirA) 685 vArANasI (banArasa)61,87, 113 (noTa), 141, 240,303,355, vAkyazuddhi 178 vAgamatI 225 (noTa) 367, 388, 418, 547, 554, vAgaraNadasA (paNhavAgaraNadasA-prabha- 557, 601 jyAkaraNa)92 vArANasInagarIkalpa 354

Page #863
prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa vArANasIya (banArasIdAsa kA mata) vikathA (cAra)54,362 vikathAnuyoga 63 vArAha 675 vikAla 160 vArAha (parvata) 294 (noTa), vismaseNacariya 472 vArAhIsaMhitA 267 viveviNI (vikSepaNI kathA)201, vAribhadraka 202 361 (noTa),418 vArtikArNavabhASya 648 vikramarAjA 321, 473 vAluMka (phUTa)211 vikramakAla 330 vAlmIki 418, 632 vikramasaMvat kA AraMbha 458 vAlmIki 646 vikramAditya 269 (noTa), 319, vAlmIkirAmAyaNa 363, 527, 128, __354, 447, 575, 186 586 vikramAka (mudrA)679 vikramorvazIya 621 vAlTara zUbiMga 174 vicAra (vihAra) bhUmi 223 vAsagRha 428 vicArapaMcAzikA 349 vAsavadattA 551 (noTa), 633 / / vAsAvAsa (pajasaNa) 203 / / vicArAmRtasaMgraha 674 vAsiDa (vAziSTha gotra)60, 115 vicAraSatriMzikA (daMDakaprakaraNa) vAsiSThIputra pulamAvi 683 vicArasattari 349 vAsudeva 155, 393 vicArasAraprakaraNa 330 vAsudeva (nau.) 117 vijaya (yava)295 vAsudeva Ayatana 250 vAsudeva viSNu mirAzI (profesara) vijaya (corasenApati)84 vijayakumAra 561 574 (noTa) vijayacandakevalIcariya 568 vAsupUjya 59, 63, 295, 535 vAsupUjyasvAmIcarita 526 vijayaghoSa brAhmaNa 171, 357 vijayadayAsUri 537(noTa) vAstaka 207 vijayapurI 429 vAstavika yajJa 530 vijayavArANasI 355 vAstuzAstra 43, 507 vijayavimala (vicArapaMcAzikA ke vAharigaNi 52 kartA)348 vAhIka 28, 646 (noTa) vijayavimalagazi (gacchAcAra ke vAhIkA (kI)11, 18, 641 ____TIkAkAra) 127 viMTaranIz2a (DaoNkTara) 43, 164, 156 vijayasiMha (samudrasUri ke ziSya) (noTa), 268 505 viMzatijAtatIrthavandana 344 vijayasiMha (mAcArya)399 viMzatisthAnakacaritra 482 vijayasiMha (cUrNIkAra) 187 vikaTanitambA 660 vijayasiMha (somaprabha ke guru)526

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anukramaNikA / vijayA (nagarI)366, 423 vinaya 55 vijayAcArya (aparAjitasUri) 174 vinaya kI mukhyatA 491 vijayodayA (TIkA) 174,305 vinayakuzala 679 vijahana 307 vinayacandra 439 (noTa) vijAcaraNa-viNicchiA 190 vinayapiTaka 133 (noTa), 160 (noTa), vijAhara (kavi) 654 214 (noTa) vijjhaDiya (machalI) 113 (noTa) vinayavastu 268 vijJAnavAda 272 vinayavAdI 74, 202 vitastA 60 vinayavijaya 344 vidaNDa 185, 186 vinayasena 321 vidarbha 684 vinayahaMsa 164 vidura 449 vinItA 418 vidUSaka 611, 612, 614, 617, vindhya parvata 678, 684 627 (noTa) vindhyavAsinI 590 videha (puruSa)200 vipagraha 218 videha rAjA 81 viparItamata (brAhmaNamata)320 videha (deza) 113 (noTa) vipAzA 60 videhaputra kUNika 65, 71 vipula (vepulla) 294, 294 (noTa) viddhazAlabhaMjikA 629 vipra (vinoM meM vimAtA se vivAha) vidyA 354, 365, 389, 423, 480, 252 529 vibhaMga aTThakathA 16 (noTa) vidyAcaraNa 74 vibhASA 31, 642, 643 vidyAtilaka 505 vibhISaNa 392, 529 vidyAdhara 529 vibhelaka yaSa556 vidyAnandi bhaTTAraka 301,326 vimarzinI 661 vidyAnupravAda 35 (noTa), 102 vimala 418 (noTa), vimalasUri 313, 527,528,534, vimAtA 252 vidyAnuyoga 33 vimAtraka 218 vidyAmaTha 511,560 vidyAlaya (subhASita graMtha)585 vimAnapaMkti (vrata) 323 vidhuvara 307 viyaDa (madha) 146 vizuddhatA 309 viyaSTi 185, 186 viduma 674 viyA (mA)hapaNNapti (vyAkhyApravidhavA 184 jJapti)34, 39,42, 62 (noTa), vidhimArgaprapA 351 64 (noTa), 65, 88, 153, vidhi-vidhAna (kriyAkANDa)351 197, 271, 272, 284, 514