Prachin Bharat Varsh Bhag 03

Author(s): Tribhuvandas Laherchand Shah
Publisher: Shashikant and Co
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034579/1

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wwwwwwwww w wwwwwwwwws bhava bIjA karajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA ysy| brahmA vA viSNurga haro jino vA namastasmai // 1 // yatra tatra samaye yathA tathA yo'si so'sya bhidhayAyayA tyaa| vIta doSa kaluSaH sacegavAneka eva bhagadhan / namo'stute // 2 // (zrI haribhadrasUri pugaSAH) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= = ====== = = SH viSaya saMkalanA 1 mudrAlekha 2 viSaya saMkalanA .... * pR. 1 ma thai 3 nAmAbhidhAna . 4 mudraNa nivedana 5 graMthanI Adi 6 TUMkAkSarI samaja 7 graMthanI prazasti ... 8 citrAvalI paricaya..... .... 9 graMthanAM khaMDa, paricheda tathA viSayonI sUci .... Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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I.sa. pU. 900 thI I. sa. 100 sudhInA eka hajAra varSano * * prAcIna bhArata varSa 21 0 cAra vibhAgamAM jela paNa have pAMca vibhAgamAM pragaTa thatuM bhAga trIjo ati prAcIna zilAlekha-sikkAo ane pramANabhUta itihAsavettAonA AdhAra ApI aitihAsika daSTie lakhela taddana navIna hakIkata sAthe. [ A pustaka para sarva prakAranA haka prakAzakoe pAtAne svAdhIna rAkhyA che. ] lekhakaH tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAha ela. ema. enDa esa. prakAzaka zazikAnta enDa . gayAgeITa vAdarA rAvapurA zA TAvara sAme vadarA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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graMthanuM hAI- devacaMda dAmajI kuMDalAkara AnaMda prInTIMga presa bhAvanagara graMthanI AgaLa tathA pAchaLane bAga maNilAla pu. mistrI, bI. e. Aditya * mudraNAlaya rAyakhaDa * amadAvAda. " prathama AvRtti prata 1250 ma. saM. 2463 vikrama saM. 1993 . sa. 1937 chUTaka kimata prathama bhAga rUA. 5) dvitIya , 3. lA tatIya , rU. caturtha , rUA. 6) paMcama , rU. 5) agAuthI grAhaka thanArane pAMce vibhAganA eka AkhA seTanA pIA vIsa . cotho bhAga maga thatAM sudhI ekavIsa

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ae Mu uuuuuuuuuuuuN ............... ..................... - GSS .......... tRtI ya vibhAga - yA - - ka pustaka trI ja caze khaMDa zeSa hatA te saMpUrNa tathA pAMcama ane cha khaMDa saMpUrNa khAnapAna ja * *** *** - - - - - spot mais ane woo nA roofmane

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a. adhyAya A.kR. AkRti . ItyAdi I. sa. isavI sana I. sa. pU. isavI sananI pUrva upeA. upeA dhAta khaM. khaMDa gu. va. se. gujarAta varnAkyulara sAsAITI amadAvAda TI. TIkA athavA TippaNa naM. naMkhara pari. pariccheda, pariziSTa pArigrApha pAra.] pAri.) pArAgrApha, pu. pustaka pR. pRSTha paM. paMDita a. hi. i. E. H. I. e. I. pR. ka. TUMkAkSarI samaja che. hiM. kA. 1. H. Q. je je pustakAnI madada lIdhI che tenI nAmAvalI pu. 1 ane 2mAM je pustakAne! AdhAra levAyeA che tenI yAdI tyAM ApI che. A trIjA pustakanA AlekhanamAM paNa sadarahu pustAne AdhAra teA levAyA che ja eTale te nAmeA atra punarUddhAra mAgeja paraMtu tema na karatAM, tevAM kathana AdhAre DAyala-AMdhela nirNayane pu. 1 tathA pu. 2mAM amuka pRSTha jue ema kahI TUMkamAM patAvyuM che; jethI atra TAMkelI nAmAvalI cUMka mAlUma paDaze. (4) TUMkAkSaramAM lakhyAM che tevAM pustakanAM nAmanI yAdI arlI hisTarI eka inDiyA vinsenTa smitha j enzanTa irAjha sara kaniMgahAma inDiyana hisTorIkala kATile nAmanuM trimAsika patra praka. prakaraNa prastA. prastAvanA ma. saM. mahAvIra saMta mi. mistara vi. vigere Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat saM. saMvat, saMvatsara vi. saM. vikrama saMvatsara A. D. isavI sana . B. C. isavI sananI pUrve F. N. (phruTaneTa) TIkA Intro (inTrADakSana) prastAvanA, pravezaka P. (peIja) pRSTha PL. (pleITa) paTa Pref (prIpheisa) prastAvanA Prof (prapheisara) adhyApaka Vol (vAlyuma) pustaka, vibhAga, bhAga i. e. I. A. e. I. e. IM. e. rI. e. rIsarca. inDiyana enTIkaverI (mAsika patra) juo uparamAM . 3, epigrAphrikA inDikA } eziyATika rIsarcIjha www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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e. hi. I. 1 dhI okasapharDa hisTarI eka 0. H. J. I InDiyA (1928) ) kalpasUtranI su(sukha) bedhikA ( TIkAnuM bhASAMtara vinayavinake. su. su. 4 yajI kRta: 5. hirAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara ke. hi. I. ) kembrIja hisTarI oNpha C. H. I. J inDiyA ke. . hi. I. ) kembrIja zArTa hisTarI K. S. H. J. | pha inDiyA ke. . . keInsa oNpha dhI AMdha C. A. R. I DInesTI pro. resana ke. e. I. ) che keInsa opha enazanTa ke. . e. > inDiyA sara kaniMgahAma C. A. I. U ko, . | konolojI eNpha InDiyAH #o. I. te misijha meka Dapha. C. J. J. che. sA. saM. | jaina sAhitya sAdhaka trijai. sA. saMzo. I mAsika jinavijyaH punA nA. pra. sa. nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAnI patrikA, banArasa purA. purAtatva mAsikaH dhI gujarAta vidyApITha bu. I dhI buddhisTika InDiyA che. B. I. J rIjha DevIsa bha. bA. vR. | bharatezvara bAhubaLI vRttinuM bha. bA. vR, bhA. [ bhASAMtara. bhAvanagara prathamavRtti bhA. prA. 2. bhAratano prAcIna rAjavaMza (be bhAga) vizvezvarAya rAu ema. e. bhAM. a. azakyaritraH DI. Ara. bhAMDArakara bhA. sa. I. bhArata saMkSipta itihAsa: kAMgaDI gurUkuLanA che. bAla kRSNaema.e. lAheraH 1914 pa. ka. pAchaTarsa DAIneTIka lisTa opha dhI kali eIja mi. Ta. dhI bhilsA TasaH sara kaniMgahAma mau. sA. i. maurya sAmrAjyaka ItihAsa kAMgaDI gurukuLanA AcAryazrI vidyAbhUSaNa alaMkAra (alhA bAda 1930) re. va. va. ) rekarDajha opha dhI vesTarna varlDa R. P. M. (be bhAga): revaDa esa bIla tI ) dhI hindu hisTarI opha InDiyA e. ke. majamudAra (kalakattA ja. A. hi. pI. so. 7 dhI jaranala opha dhI AMdha J. A. H. R. s. / hisTorIkala rIsarca sosAITI ja. . bi. rIso. ) dhI jaranala opha bihAra J. 9. B. R. S. J rIsarca saMsAITI ja beM. baM. ra. se. ' 5. | dhI jaranala opha dhI bebe braca eka dhI royala eza J. B. B.R.A.S. f yATika sosAITI. ja. ro. se. 1. R. A.S. ' R. A. S. J. dhI jaranala opha dhI royala eziyATika sosAiTI eka laMDana * 2 3 > p(r) ja. e. se. be. ) sA. be. ( # Page #8
(ka) pU vAMdhyA hoya tevA pustakanAM saMpUrNa nAma * eTalAsaH dhI yala InDiyana varlDa eTalAsa bhagavAna pArzvanAthaH mudrita surata 1987 jainadharma prakAza (mAsika) bhAvanagara madhu enDa iTsa enTIvITIjha: 1901 vinse. jainakALagaNanA munizrI kalyANavijyajIvi. saM. 1987 - smitha napatrane ra mahatsava aMka 1930 rAjataraMgiNi paDakAra (mAsika patra): 1992 zrAvaNa aMka, vaDedarA sara raNamedInuM vyAkhyAna (mu. vi. se. buddhi. buddhiprakAzaH gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAITInuM pAtra pra. pu. 75 julAI aMka ) amadAvAda sAhitya (mAsika) vaDodarA () je pustakamAMthI sAkSIo ke avataraNeja mAtra utArI levAmAM AvyAM che tenI yAdi erA orienTelIA bIgInIjha opha sAutha InDiyana hisTarI enzanTa egrAphI opha InDiyA De bebe gejheTIara enTIvITIjha opha siMdhaH henarI kujhansa mAlavikAgnimitra keTalega opha kansa Ina InDiyana myujhIama bemAma milindapano TelI jaranala opha dhI misTika sosAiTI para 3 mohana joza ( zaTuM chavAyuM ) vahe che. hela jaina Agama tathA H (uttarAdhanaH ti che. zvinsa opha milindA che. rijha DevIsa gAlI kAlamasatikAH dIpamAlA (janasuMdarasUri): rAjasthAna Te. (caMTezvara presa) tisAra (nemicaMdrasuri digaMbara) rAja phesTIvalsa TeDa jaina tattAdarza nyAnidhi vijayAnaMri sutAvatAra kathA zrIdhara (lAhora 1936) sTre megejhInaH 19rara barapha . eca. jI. upaniSA velsane lekha harSacaritra nirNayasAgara) InDIyana enTIkavITIjhaH prinsesa hisTarI opha parziyA (vekasa Dabalyu esa. Dabalyu) divyAvadAna Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prazasita pustaka bI jAmAM sUcavyA pramANe A tRtIya vibhAganA nivedanane paNa (a) bhUmikA ane (A) prastAvanA-ema be vibhAge vaheMcI nAMkhavuM rahe che. (5) bhUmikA pustaka paheluM I. sa. 1935mAM ane bIjuM 1936mAM bahAra paDI gayuM che. jyAre A trIjuM 1937mAM pragaTa thAya che. pu. 1nI prazastimAM 11 thI 32 sudhInAM 21 ane 5. ramAM 11 thI 14 sudhInA 4 pRSomAM, vAcakavarganA manamAM ubhI thanAra aneka zaMkAone khyAla rAkhIne meM tenA radiyA ApI dIdhA che, jethI A pustakamAM te be bhAga jevuM lAMbu vivecana karavA have jarUra rahetI nathI. atre te eTaloja havAle. ApavAnuM ke temaNe kRpA karIne upara darzAvela ane vibhAganAM pRSonAM vAMcanathI potapotAnA manamAM uThatA praznone khulAso meLavI levo. jema jema samaya jate jAya che tema tema carcAo thatI saMbhaLAya che ane vAMcavAmAM paNa Ave che. te aneka daSTipUrNa che. bIjAnI sAthe mAre saMbaMdha nathI. paNa je eka be muddA temAMthI vicAravA yogya lAge che te atre jaNAvIza. temAM prathama muddo dharmanI bAbatane che. te saMbaMdhamAM be daSTikoNa raju thAya che. eka ema kahe che ke, dharmane ATalI badhI agatyanA zAmATe apAya che ! (juo A pustake pR. 246 tathA pR. ra78) bIje kahe che ke, pakSapAtIpaNe meM kAma lIdhuM che (pu.1 prastA, pR. 26, pura pR. 13 tathA tenA mukhapRthya utArela mudrAlekha juo) jyAre bIjo muddo navInatAne che. te vizene mAre khulAso nIce pramANe jaNAvuM chuM. meTA purUnAM vAkya vacanane vedavAkaya lakhavAnI (pu. 1 prastA. pR. 20) tathA navIna vicAra karanAranA upara taDApITa thavAnI (teja pustaka pR. 25 temaja A pustake pR. 358 TI. naM. 30) sthiti vize kAMIka khyAla meM Akhe chejaH jemAM eka khAsa dhyAna kheMcavA yogya lAgyAthI atre TUMkamAM jaNAvIza. mAruM prathama pustaka 1935nA mArcamAM bahAra paDayuM hatuM. temAMthI 27 prazno upasthita karI, amArA saMpradAyanA eka pUjyapAda AcArya mahArAjazrI iMdravijayasUrijIe "jaina" sAptAhikamAM 23-2-36nA roja (temaja eka be anya patromAM teja arasAmAM) mane uddezIne khulAsA pUchayA hatA. jenA uttara teja patramAM meM chApavA mokalI ApyA hatA, je tA. 19-4-36nA 1 vartamAnakALe apAtI keLavaNImAM dharmatatvanA zikSaNano abhAva hovAne lIdhe ApaNuM yuvakanuM mAnasa ApaNe samAjanI paristhitine je baMdhabetuM thatuM nathI te rithati mATe mukhyapaNe javAbadAra che. ema keLavaNIkArone have khAtrI thatI jAya che. jyAre prAcIna samayanA rAjAone tathA samAja netAone te sthiti jANItI hovAthI te upara teo prathamathI ja vizeSa vajana ApatA hatA.

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aMkamAM rU. 375-76 tathA 26-4-36nA aMkamAM pR. 397 thI 400 upara bahAra paDI gayA che. daramyAna teozrI taraphathI prAMgadhrA mukAmethI bahAra paDela zrIvIra-vihAra mImAMsA nAmanI 19-3-36nA roja pragaTa thayelI eka nAnI pustikAmAM pR. 18 upara kAMIka IsAre karela che. tathA teja zaheramAMthI mAtra eka aThavADiyA bAda eTale ra7-3-36nI lakhelI ane 1-4-36nA pragaTa thayela 2 "azokanA zilAlekho upara daSTipAta" nAmanI bIjI pustikAmAM vigatethI pitAnA vicAro raju karyA che, A pustikAnA aMtamAM pR. 60thI 66 sudhI mane uddezIne 61 prazno teozrIe pUchayA che, jemAM uparanA ra7 praznone paNa samAveza thaI jAya che. daSTipAtavALI A pustikA teozrIe anya vidvAnone temaja gujarAtI' sAptAhika patrane samAlocanA mATe mokalI haze ema jaNAya che. meM paNa prAcIna bhAratavarSa pu. 2 anya patrakAranI sAthe "gujarAtI sAptAhikane tathA prasthAna' mAsikane paricaya levA mokalyAM hatAM. temAM khUbI e thaI che ke gujarAtI sAptAhikamAM mArA pustaka paricaya je chapAyo che tenI sAtheja pU. A. ma.nI daSTipAtavALI pustikAno paricaya paNa chapAyo che, jethI vAcakane kAMIka tulanA goThavavAne avakAza maLe. A banne paricaya vAMcIne tenA samAlocaka mahAzaye je je etihAsika muddAo beTI rIte samajIne vidhAna raju karyA hatAM te vigatavAra banne pustakanAM pUcho, paMktio ane zabdo TAMkIne teja patramAM chApavA meM mokalI ApyAM hatAM. temAM A daSTipAtavALI pustikAmAMnAM mArAM maMtavya vize mULa lekhake (pU. A. . zrIe) je galatIo karIne pAnAne pAnAM bharI kADhayAM hatAM te paNa batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. A 2 sAMbhaLavA pramANe 1-4-36nuM pustaka te samaya bAda lagabhaga traNeka mahine bahAra paDayuM che. zA mATe A hakIkata chupAvAI haze ke te tenA saMcAlako jANe. paNa kAMIka gaMdI ramata ramAtI haze ema kahevAya che. 3 A pustikAnI eka nakala teozrI taraphathI ja mane pisTadvArA maLI hatI. 4 kemake, tevA vidvAne taraphathI je abhiprAyo temane maLyA haze, temAMnA je ThIka lAgyA haze tenAM TAMcaNa karIne ke kadAca AkhA ne AkhA paNa chapAvIne eka pustikA rUpe temaNe bahAra pADayA hatAH jenI eka nakala temanAja taraphathI mane TapAla dvArA (TI. na. 3mAM jaNAvyA pramANenI vidhithI) maLI hatI. te abhiprAya patromAM prasthAna' mAsikanA vidvAna taMtrI mahAzaya zrI pAThakajIno paNa eka hato jemane meM samAlocanA levA mATe prAcIna bhAratavarSa pu. mokalyuM hatuM. tene lagabhaga cha mahinA thaI gayA hatA chatAM paricaya levAyo nahotaH paNa A patramAM temaNe pU. A. ke. ne mArA pustakanI samAlocane levA vinaMti karyAne ullekha hatA A zabdo vAMcIneja, mArA pustakanI samAlocanA kevI Avaze te vize amuka kalapanA meM karI lIdhI hatI, je prasthAna' mAsikanA chellA aMkamAM 5, 271 thI 82 jevAthI kharI paDatI dekhAya che. 5 kemake gujarAtI patranA 4-10-36nA aMkamAM pR. 1466 upara tene paricaya levAmAM AvyA che. 6 upara TIkA naM. 4 juo. 7 nIcenI TIkA naM. 9 nI sAthe vAMce.

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11 khulAsA 'gujarAtI' nA taMtrI mahAzaye 25-10-36nA aMkamAM pR. 1592 upara chApyA paNa che. te mATe temanA atra upakAra mAnavA rajA lauM chuM. ATaluM thayA bAda chevaTe 'prasthAna' mAsikamAM pU. A. ma. zrI taraphathI samAlecanA tarIke lagabhaga bAra pRSThonA eka lekha pragaTa thayeA che. A samAlecanAmAM paNa keTalIka gerasamajUti ubhI kare tevAM dRSTibiMduo-je mArI mAnyatAmAM paNa nathI, chatAM mArAM tarIke jaNAvelAM najare paDe che; te me carcApatrarUpe 'prasthAna' patramAM pragaTa thavA meAkalI ApyAM che. ane dhArUM chuM ke ceAgya samaye te pragaTa thaze. paraMtu vAcaka varganI jANa mATe atra te zabdaza. utArUM chuM. " prAcIna bhArata varSa-bhAga 2 jo. lekhaka DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAhaH A pustaka " mATe pU. A. ma. zrI indravijayasUrijIe samAlocanA tarIke 'prasthAna'nA chellA " aMkamAM pR. 270 thI 81 sudhI 11 pRSTho bharIne nAMdha karI che. paNa te pustaka" paricayamAM na letAM svataMtra lekha tarIke taMtrIjIe chApI che. eTale taTastha samAleAcanA 1 " karatAM tenuM svarUpa eka vivAdarUpera temane lAgyuM haze ema samajAya che. " samAyecanA rUpe heAta te! mAre lakhavAnuM kAMI rahetuM ja naheAtuM, paNa jema pustakanA lekhaka tarIke huM eka pakSakAra chuM, tema peAtAne na rUcatI bAbata upara TIkA kare, eTale TIkAkAra tarIke teA pU. A. ma. paNa eka pakSakAraja lekhAya. have " vicArI jue ke, keAI pakSakAra peAteja pA| nyAyAdhIza banIne peAtAnI hakIkatanA cukAdo ApavA maMDI paDe te te keTalA mAnya lekhAya ? tr rk "C "pU. A. ma. zrIe AkhA pustakamAMthI cha muddA odhI kADhayA che. kadAca " avakAza heAta tA vadhAre paNa lakhI zakata evuM samajI zakAya che. paNa khUzI e dekhAya che ' ke me' lakhelI sarva vastu temane vighAtaka ja lAgI che. temAMnA eka paNa mudde racanAtmaka " ke svIkArya temane lAgyA hAya evI noMdha karyAnuM14 kayAMya jaNAtuM ja nathI. vaLI 8 jue uparanI TI. naM. 6 tathA naM. 4. 9 uparanI TIkA naM. 7 nI sAthe vAMce. je mArUM maMtavyaja na hoya te mArA tarIke raju karyuM javAyuM che. AnAM dRSTAntA banne ThekANe raju karyAM che: vaLI nIcenI TIkA naM. 15 tathA 16 jue. 10 mULa lakhANanI akSareakSara kApI mArI pAse rahI nathIH paNa rak kApI che eTale kadAca zabdanI heraphera raheze kharI; paNa muddo ke vAstavikatA teA kAyamaja rahe che ema samajavuM. 11 A temaja A carcApatrane lagatI nIcenI keTalIka TIkAo meM atre lakhI che ema gaNavuM rahe che. taMtrIjI mahAzayane chApavA mekalela carcApatramAM te lakhAyalI nathIja: samAlAcanAmAM samasta prakAre avalokana karavuM joIeH sArI vAto paNa darzAvavI joie tema joIeH A khAre pRSThane samAlocanAnuM temaNe nAma ApyuM che; temAM te te vAcaka varga joI zake che. vaLI nIcenI TI. 12, 13 jue. 12 uparanI TIkA naM. 11 jue. 13 uparanI TIkA naM, 11 jue ane sarakhAve. 14 uparanI TIkA naM. 11 jue ane sarakhAveA, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat truTio upara paNa dhyAna doravuM A niyama sacavAyeA che ke kema www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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1ra "vizeSamAM e che ke, je prazno teozrIe carcAne amuka zaMkAo uThAvI che tenA khulAsA "(eka be daSTAMte vizenI samaja nIce ApuM chuM te juo) teja pustakamAM meM jaNAvyA "paNa che'chatAM te upara temaNe durlakSa kema karyuM haze? A sthiti zuM sUcave che? daSTAMta-jemake (1) gomaTanI mUrtinI pratiSThAne samaya, temanI peThe meM paNa "cAmuMDarAyane svIkArI lIdho che. paNa meM je zaMkA uThAvI che te tenA ghaDatarakALa vizenI che. (2) tevIja rIte zrI mahAvIranA nivANa kalyANakane lagatI hakIkata "saMbaMdhI che. tenuM nAma pAvApurI hevAnuM te mAre paNa kabUla ja che. paNa tenA sthAna "(spot) vizeja purA na hovAno prazna meM upasthita karyo che. A pramANe dareka muddAmAM banavA pAmyuM che. vaLI anya vidvAnonAM keTalAMka maMtavyo meM TAMkayA che tene "mArAM tarIke lekhI te upara pite TIkAnI jhaDI varasAvavA maMDI paDyA che. khera ! "jyArathI mAruM pustaka bahAra paDayuM che tyArathI tenA TIkAkAra tarIke teozrIe "traNa cAra vakhata dekhAva dIdhuM che. ane dareka vakhate eka ja valaNa (attitude) temaNe grahaNa karyuM che. te dareka vakhate aMtamAM jaNAvatA rahyA che ke pote sAmo javAba bharapUra TIkA ane vivecana sAthe moTA daLadAra graMtharUpe chapAvavAnA che. kharI vAta che ke teo zrI pAse vipuLa pramANamAM sAdhana ane sAmagrI hazeja. vaLI ItihAsatattvamahodadhi jevI upAdhi dharAvanAra che eTale temanI pAsethI A paNa sane ghaNuMghaNuM jANAvAnuM maLI zakaze ja, jethI temanA taraphathI bahAra paDatA "prasAdanI jarUra rAha jovI ja rahe che. bAkI mAre te carcA ke praznottarImAM utaravAnuM rahetuM nathI. kemake mArA zeSa "jIvananuM dayeya meM nakakI karI rAkhyuM che. ane avAra navAra jaNAvate paNa rahyo'8 chuM. haju samrATa priyadarzinanuM jIvana ( lagabhaga 500 pUcho , zrI mahAvIranuM jIvana "(te paNa lagabhaga teTalAM ja pUcho) tathA jaina jJAna mahodadhi (Encyclpoedia) trIsa hajAra pAnAmAM ( akeka hajAranuM eka hyumaH tevAM vIsa naMga) taiyAra karavAnAM che. matalaba ke svataMtra chApakhAnuM karIne uparanuM sAhitya bahAra pADI zakAya te paNa "je pacIsa varSathI mahenata karI rahyo chuM taduparAMta tene paripUrNa karavAne kamamAM kama "bIja paMdara vIsa varSane samaya maLe to ja pAra pADI zake; jyAre bIjI bAju, "yuvAna hoya te paNa-kAla koNe dIlI che te nyAye-kAMI aMdagIne bharUse te rakhAte 15 jema A pustakamAM khulAsA apAyA che tema temaNe je 27 prazno upasthita karyA hatA te praznonA khulAsA paNa teja pustakamAM apAyAnuM jaina patramAM pragaTa thayela che tenA uttaromAM paNa jaNAvAyuM che. 16 uparanI TIka naM 15 juo tathA TIka naM. 2 ane 8 nI hakIkata paNa sAthe vAMce ane sarakhA 17 uparanI TIka naM. 15 tathA 16 juo tathA temAM TAMkelI TIkA naM. 7 ane 8 nI hakIkata sAthe sarakhAvo. 18 prAcIna bhAratavarSamAM ghaNe ThekANe bahAra pADavAnAM A prakAzane vize isArA thaI gayA che.

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" ja nathI. temAM mArA jevAne atyAre sATha varSa te thayAM che. pachI kaI gaNatrIe "vakhata gumAva ke pramAda kare pivAya? vaLI carcAmAM tathA praznottarImAM to vakhatane bhega ja Apa rahe! ane tema thatAM mULa je dhyeya che tenAthI vipathamArgI "thavuM paDe che. mATe ja tema na karatAM temanA taraphathI pustaka bahAra paDe te vAMcI, "vAcaka potAnA nirNaya bAMdhe teja zreyaskara gaNaze. A pramANe pU. A. bha. zrIe raju karelI vigatothI vAcaka vargane pitAno je vicAra bAMdho hoya te bAMdhavAnI chUTa che paNa mAre ATaluM lAMbu nivedana bahAra pADavAnI matalaba e che ke, navIna vicAra raju karanAra upara kevI taDapITa paDe che tene khyAla vAcaka mahAzayane AvI zake. uparanI saghaLI ghaTanA banI rahI hatI tyAre kAraNavazAt mAre muMbaI javuM thayuM hatuM. tyAM eka mahAzaye te mane ubho rAkhIne eTale sudhI jaNAvavA hIMmata karI hatI ke, juo bhAIzrI, navIna vicAro bahAra pADatAM Arthika, sAmAjIka ke anya kSetramAM jema sthApita hakkavALAnAM nAkanAM TeravAM cacaDI uThe che, tema tamArA prakAzanathI have sAhitya viSayamAM paNa teja rithati ubhI thavAnI che. eka bIjI vAta-gomaTanI mUrti (pu. 2 pR. 2002) mULa digaMbara avarathAmAM che. te raju karavA mATe bleka banAvanArane ApatAM temaNe sUcanA karI ke, pustaka te strI varganA hAthamAM paNa javAnuM che to sabhyatAnI khAtara purUSaliMganuM AcchAdana karAya te sArUM. te vicAra susaMgata lAgatAM anya cihno jemane tema rahevA daI bleka banAvI chApI kADhyo che. chatAM eka vidvAnane te akSamya lAgavAthI temanA upara vyaktigata meM patra lakhIne temane saMtoSa Apyo che. . (mA) prastAvanA AgaLa jaNAvI gayA pramANe dareka bhAgamAM be khaMDa, ane tevA cAra bhAganA ATha khaMDaH tevI rIte pustaka saMpUrNa karavA dhAryuM hatuM. paNa pustaka bIjAmAM ja te dhAraNa choDI devI paDI hatI. eTale cothA khaMDana zeSa bhAga tathA zuMgavaMzane pAMcame, paradezI AkramaNakArene chaThTho, gardabhIla vaMzane sAtame, kALagaNanAnA vividha saMvatsaranI sthAkhAne lagate AThame, cedI vaMzane navamo, zatavahana vaMzane dazame ane kuzAna tathA cakaNavaMzane lagatI hakIkatane agiAramo khaMDa-ema lagabhaga sAta khaMDane samAveza be pustakamAM karI nAMkhavA dhArela jene anusarIne ATha khaMDa sudhI tRtIyabhAgamAM ane ane bAkInA traNane caturtha bhAge vaheMcavAnuM nakkI karela. paNa jyAM cha khaMDa chapAyA tyAM ja pustakanuM kada, prathamanA be bhAga jevaDuM thaI cUkayuM. eTale ema karAvavuM paDayuM ke, have vadhAre thatAM ekaMdare pAMca pRSThone sarakhA be bhAge vaheMcI nAMkhI prathamanAM aDhIse 19 juo pu. 1 prAcIna bhAratavarSanI prazasti 5. 38 nI aMtima paMktinA zabda. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pRSAne trIjA pustake ane bIjA aDhIsane cothA pustake laI javAM. paNa tema karavA jatAM cAra pustakamAMnA prathamanAM be nAnAM, ane pachInAM be moTAM dekhAya jethI AkhA seTanAM sarve pustaka eka sthAne goThavAtAM sumeLa sAdhatAM najare na paDeH jethI nirNaya karavo paDyo ke, cArane badale pAMca vibhAgamAM ja ane pAcene ekadhArA kadamAM ja bahAra pADavAM. tene avalaMbIne, A tRtIya vibhAge cha khaMDa sudhInuM vRttAMta ja dAkhala karyuM che, jyAre bAkInA pAMca khaMDane samAveza cothA tathA pAMcamA pustake karavAmAM Avaze. A pramANe cArane sthAne pAMca pustaka thavAthI tenI kiMmatamAM je kAMI pheraphAra kare paDe te prakAzakanA kSetrano prazna hoI temanA nivedanamAMthI mAhitI meLavI levI. pAMcamo Akho khaMDa zuMgavaMzane lagata chetene pAMca paricheda pADavAmAM AvyA che. dareka paricchedamAM pUrva pustakanI peThe adyApi paryata na jaNAyalI hakIkata ja sAbita karIne raju karelI cheH atra tenuM varNana chUTuM na ApatAM te te parirachedane anukrama vAMcI javAnI ja bhalAmaNa karIza. chatAM TUMkamAM jaNAvIza ke prathama te te vaMzanA nave rAjAnI samayAvaLI, ane vizuddha nAmAvalI ubhI karavAmAM paNa aparimita zrama uDAva paDaye che. te bAda puSyamitra, agnimitra tathA vasumitra; te traNenAM saMkalita jIvana vyavasAyane pRthapha karI batAvavAmAM paNa teTalI ja jahemata uThAvavI paDI che. chatAM pataMjalI mahAzaya ane paM. cANakyanA jIvanavRttAMtanI sarakhAmaNI karI tene rasa jharata banAvavAmAM UNapa AvavA dIdhI nathI. rAjA kalikane lagatA khyAnamAM era vaLI eka navIna ja prakaraNa ubhuM thatuM dekhAzeH teja pramANe zuMga sAmrAjyanI paDatInA samaye cAnapati DimeTrIasa ane minenDare bhajavela bhAga paNa aneroja prakAza Ape che. chaThTho khaMDa saghaLI paradezI prajAnA ItihAsane lagate che. tenA agiyAra pariccheda pADayA che. temAMnA be yana prajAnA che. traNa kSaharATaprajAne che. eka pariziSTarUpe mathurA ane takSilA nagarInA svataMtra vRttAtane che. be pArthianyanA che. be zakanA che. ane chello agiArame paracuraNa bAbatane che. tene paNa be vibhAga pADI, prathamamAM zaka, AbhIra ane zaikUTaka prajAnAM tathA bIjAmAM ozavALa, zrImAla ane gUrjara prajAnAM etihAsika aMgonuM varNana ApyuM che. A darekamAM kayA kayA prakAranI hakIkata varNavavAmAM AvI che tenuM bhinna bhinna svarUpa batAvavA karatAM te te paricchedanuM sAMkaLIyuM joI levA ja bhalAmaNa karavAmAM Ave che. chatAM eTaluM ja ane jAhera karI zakIe ke, dareke dareka paricachedamAM taddana navIna navIna bAbate ja darzAvavAmAM AvI che. citranI bAbatamAM paNa pUrvanI peThe nakazAo, prAcIna zilpanA namunAo ane rAjakartAonA mahorAMo ApyAM che. uparAMta je keTalAka sikkAonuM varNana eka yA bIjA kAraNe pu. 2 mAM lakhavuM rahI gayuM hatuM, tene eka paTa banAvIne jeDa cheH nakazAmAM je rAjyavistAranA che te te potapotAnA kSetranI navInatA raju kare che ja, paNa jaMbudvIpa, zAkadvIpa ane aDhIdvIpane lagatA je che te te sarva keIne navI ja vastu Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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raju karatA dekhAze. prAcIna zila5nA namunAmAM mathurAne siMha5 jene "oNDavAstUpa tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che tenuM citra mUkhapRSTa upara ja purAtatvanA eka aMza tarIke darzAvAyuM che. rAjAonAM mahorAM saMbadhI kAMI vizeSa kahevApaNuM nathI. paraMtu sikakA citranA varNanamAM ghaNI ghaNI navI vastune bhaMDAra ughADo thatA najare paDe che. hiMda upara caDI AvelI je paradezI prajAe kAMIka sattA jamAvI hatI temane lagatA ItihAsanA sarva aze samajavA mATe, jeTalI jarUriAta temanA samayane lagatA pAkA nirNayanI che, teTalI ja jarUriyAta temanA samakAlIna paNe kayA hiMdI rAjavIo kyA prAMta upara hakumata bhogavI rahyA hatA, te jANI levAnI paNa gaNAya. A banne prakAranI rithatine ekI sAthe ja, temaja najara mAtra pheravatAM ja khyAla baMdhAI jAya, te pramANe be vaMzavRkSe-vaMzAvaLInA koThAo meM keTalIya mahenata laIne taiyAra karyA che. temAMnuM eka pR. 15 upara ane bIjuM pR. 403 upara jeDayuM che. te taiyAra karatAM keTalI mahenata uThAvavI paDI haze tenuM varNana karavA karatAM najare jovAthI tenI ka95nA sahaja kaLI zakAze. - have ekaja bAbata jaNAvIne prastAvanA pUrNa karIza. atyAra sudhI ema kabUla rakhAyuM che ke zilAlekha ane sikkAI purAvA hamezAM aTaLa gaNavAra amuka aMze te mata svIkArya che ane pustakIyA ke daMtakathAnA purAvA karatAM te vadhAre sajajaDa ane aphara kahevAze; chatAM bhUlavuM joItuM nathI ke, zilAlekhamAM ekalA lipilekhanane ane sikkAmAM lipilekhana uparAMta citrane ukela-ema be vastu upara AdhAra cheH lipi lekhananA ukelamAM aneka vidane che, jemake, eka yA bIjA kAraNe tenA akSaronuM ke kAnA mAtrAnA vaLAMkanuM tathA tenA amUka bhAganuM chedana-khaMDana thaI gayuM hoya che ke kayAMka vaLagADa thaI gayA hoya che. tene lIdhe athavA to tevA ukelanI kharI khUbI mAluma paDI na hevAne lIdhe, bhaLatAja artha karAI javAya che. eTale zilAlekhamAM teTalA pramANamAM anizcitatA kahI zakAze. jyAre sikakAmAM citrane paNa vicAra kare rahetA hovAthI ane temAM Akhuye citra kAMI ekI samaye vikRta avasthA dhAraNa karatuM na hovAthI, sikakAne AdhAra le te zilAlekha karatAM vizeSa majabUta kahevAya ja. chatAM sauthI zreSTha ane baLaramata gaNitane ja purAvo lekha rahe che. eka vakhata amuka banAva ke hakIkata, gaNitanA AdhAre amuka samaye banelI puravAra thaI gaI ke pachI dunyavI kaI paNuM ane dena nathI-magadUra nathI, ke te anyathA karI zakAya. hA, eTaluM ja vicAravuM rahe che, jema gaNitamAM tALo meLavIne sarva jaDabesalAka karavAmAM Ave che tema eka vakhata bAMdhela nirNayane paNa te pramANe kasI jatAM, sarva hakIkatane eka derAmAM gUMthI zakAya che ke nahIM? jo tema karavAmAM kyAMya paNa khAMca AvatI dekhAya, te tyAM AgaLa sAvadhAnatA pUrvaka pharI prayAsa AdaravAne ApaNane maLe hAkala che ema samajavuM. paNa je badhI rIte sumeLa jAmI gayo che, te nirNaya sarvadA ane sarvathA acaLaja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rahevAne ema khAtrI rAkhavI. mArA pustakane A trIjo bhAga che, temAM aneka vakhata gaNitazAse A pramANenI sahAya ApI che. eTale have te vizvAsa paNa baMdhAte jAya che ke, ghaNI ghaNI bAbatanA samayanirNaya je atyAra sudhI huM jAhera karI cUkyo chuM te moTA bhAge satyapUrNa ja che. matalaba ke sabaLatAnA pramANamAM, sauthI chelle naMbara daMtakathAne ane pustakIyA purAvAne rahe che, tethI majabUta zilAlekhI, tethI saMgIna sikalAI purAvAne ane sauthI zreSTha gaNitazAstrane naMbara mUko rahe cheH samayanI bAbatamAM te upara pramANe mata ucArI zakAya tema che paraMtu hakIkata ke tenA varNananI satyatA mATe mata bheda rahe khare. A pramANe pustakanI samApti thAya che. pustakanA lekhanamAM tathA citro uThAvavAmAM je graMthakartAo, lekhake tathA anya vastunA mAliko vigerenI sahAya levI paDI che te sarvene upakAra mAnyA sivAya kalama baMdha karI na ja zakAya. tevI ja rIte citrakAra mi. somAlAla zAhane paNa vicAravA nathI joItA. cAra bhAgane badale pAMca bhAgamAM pustaka vaheMcI nAkhavAnI pejanA TheTha chevaTe ghaDAI che. jethI keTaleka ThekANe A pustakane aMte athavA pu. cothAmAM juo, evI moghama hakIkate darzAvAI che; te prathama najare asaMgata dekhAze. paNa te uparanA kAraNe thavA pAmyuM che ema jANI daragujara karavA vinaMti che. tevI ja rIte gautamIputra sAtakaraNI ane rANI baLathInA lekha saMbaMdhI hakIkatamAM guMcavADe ubhA thavA saMbhava che kemake keTalAya pharamA chapAI gayA tyAM sudhI tene samaya I. sa. 78 ne hovAnI mArI gaNatrI hatI. paNa pAchaLathI khAtrI thaI che ke tene samaya I. sa. pU. para ne che. eTale tenA nivedanamAM paNa keTaleka ThekANe asaMbaMdhatA jarUra dekhAze ja; paNa saMzodhananA viSayanI asthiratAne tenuM kAraNabhUta mAnI te kSetavya lekhavA vinaMti che. (6) prakAzakanuM nivedana chApakhAnAne lagatuM kArya te have amane koThe paDI gayA jevuM thaI gayuM che eTale te saMbaMdhI kAMI kahevApaNuM rahetuM nathI. bAkI jema pahelAM be pustaka mArca mahinAmAM pragaTa karI zakAya che tema A trIjuM paNa mArca mAsa pahelAM athavA te moDAmAM moDuM te kALe bahAra pADI nAMkhavA IcchA rAkhI hatI. paNa kahevata che ke, balIyasI kevalamIzvarecchA-dhAryuM dhaNInuM thAya che. te pramANe amArA sarva prayatna chatAM lAcArI bhogavavI rahI che, kemake, amArA laghubaMdhunI gaMbhIra bimArIne lIdhe sTeTa janarala spItAlamAM aDhIka mahinA ane ghara AgaLanI saMbhALamAM deDheka mAsa maLIne ekaMdare cAra mahine paryata amAre rokAI rahevuM thatAM teTalA samaya mATe A kArya khaMbhita thayuM hatuM. te cAra mahinAnuM kAma te pachInA be mAsamAM upADIne pUrU karAyuM che te paNa paramAtmAnI kRpAnuM ja pariNAma samajIe chIe.

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uparanA maMdavADane aMge thoDuM moDuM thayuM che. tema vaLI lekhake prastAvanAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe pustakane cAra bhAgamAM pragaTa karavuM ke pAMcamAM, te praznanA nirNaya mATe paNa kAMIka khamavuM thayuM hatuM. aMte nirNaya upara AvIne tene amalamAM mUkI devAyo che. havenAM bAkI rahetAM be pustaka jaladI pragaTa karI zakAya ane banI gayela DhIlane badale vALI apAya eTalI ja paramAtmA pratye prArthanA che. cAra vibhAganA AkhA seTanI kiMmata rUA. 27 prathama rAkhI hatI ane have pAMca thaze te paNa rUA. 2) vasaja rAkhavAnI che. kemake pustakanuM daLa je vadhArAyuM che te amArA taraphathI svecchAe thayuM che, tethI tene be grAhakane zIre nAMkhI zakAya nahIM. eTale ema TharAvyuM che ke, atyAra sudhI je grAhaka thaI cUkyA che temane pAMcamo bhAga mAtra baMdhAI ane paracuraNa kharca mATe nAmanA ATha AnA laIne, maphata Apa. eTale ke temane pAMca bhAga rUA. 20+ nA=2vAmAM paDavA jaze. vaLI kaI jAtanI khabara ApyA sivAya paNa kimata vadhAryone doSa amAre mAthe na AvI paDe, mATe cothA bhAga pragaTa thAya tyAMsudhI grAhaka thanArane mAtra eka rUpIo vadhAre laIne eTale ke rUA. 20+1=21) ekavIsamAM pAMca bhAga ApIzuM. paraMtu cotha bhAga bahAra paDI gayA bAda te A lAbha kheMcI le ja rahe che. chUTaka kiMmata rU. 25) ne badale hAla te rUA. 27) sattAvIsa TharAvAyA che. pustakanA prakAzana paratve je je sAdhane-vyaktigata, agara saMsthAonI mAlikInA sAdhane-kiMcita yA moTA pramANamAM upayoga karAyo che te sarvene aMtaHkaraNa pUrvaka AbhAra mAnavAnI rajA laIe chIe. ATaluM nivedana prakAzanane aMge che. ApaNe hiMda dezamAM te prakAzananuM temaja vecANanuM ema bane kArya ekane ja karavAM paDatAM hovAthI tene aMge paNa be bela jaNAvI levA IcchA thAya che. prathama pustaka bahAra paDI gayA pachI ane dvitIya pragaTa thayuM te pUrvenA aMtarakALe, vecANa karatAM amane je muzkelI paDI hatI, teTalI bIjA ane trIjA bhAganI vaccenA gALAmAM paDI nathI teTaluM khuzI thavA jevuM che, te mATe be kAraNa amArI najaramAM Ave cheH eka te A kArya upADavAnI rItimAM amAre anubhava vadhato jAya che te tathA bIjuM amArI pramANikatAne ane kArya pAra utAravAnI cIvaTamAM sAmAnya janatAne amArAmAM vizvAsa baMdhAtA jAya che te che. chatAM eka vastu sthiti najare paDatI jAya cheja. gujarAtI prajA vize sAmAnya mAnatA evI pracalita thaI paDI che ke, te vyApAramAM vizeSa mazagula rahetI hovAthI vidyA pratye be darakAra ane bekadara rahe che. AvI sthiti vidyAnA sAhityanA dareka aMga tarapha jyAM pravartI rahI hoya tyAM saMzodhana viSayanAM AvAM pustako pratye to tathA prakAranI zithilatA vizeSa pramANamAM ja anubhavAya te dIvA jevuM khulyuM che. tevA saMjogomAM, bukaselaro ke jemane pitAnA kabajAmAM hajAre Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prakAranAM prakAzaneno upADa karAvavAnuM hoya, temane AvA maMda upADavALA prakAzana tarapha keTaluM lakSa ApavAnuM bane? te sthitimAM te amAre pitAne ja sarva mahenata karavI rahI. A anubhave zikhavyuM che ke, je koI kadara karI zake tevA mAlUma paDe temanI pAse jAte pahoMcI javuM ane vyakitagata samajAvaTathI vecANa dhAbe javuM. A rIta aMgikAra karIne saMtoSakAraka pariNAma nIpajAvI zakyA chIe te khuzIthI jaNAvavAnI A taka javA devA mAMgatA nathI. jema jema prakAzana pragaTa thayAne vakhata thatuM jAya che, tema tema have TIkAo ane carcAo thatI nihALAya che. eTale darajaje lekarUci jAgRta thatI jAya che ane te pramANamAM amane vega maLatuM jaze evI umeda sevatA jaIe chIe. chatAM amArI taraphathI temaja lekhake pitA taraphathI amane rajA ApI che mATe temanA taraphathI-paNuM jaNAvIe chIe ke ame je kAMI lakhyuM che te taddana satya ja che temAM mInameSa thavAnuM nathI ja e dave ame rAkhe nathI, rAkhatA nathI ane rAkhavAnI IcchA paNa nathI. temAMye saMzodhanane vikya ja e rahyo ke temAM aneka daSTibiMduo raju thayAM ja karavAnAM. eTale divasAnadivasa te chaNAte jaze ane lAMbe kALe amuka niradhArita sthAne mUkAze. paNa vaccagALe-eTale ke TIkAo bahAra paDatAM-keIe te tarapha upekSAvRtti ke vRNuM na sevatAM, te paNa vidyAnuM eka aMga che ema samajI, jyAMthI maLe tyAMthI paNa vidyA ta grahaNa karavI ja joIe, te kathAnusAra vartana rAkhavA vinaMti che. chevaTe prArthanA ke, bhale ame sAcA hoIe tyA khoTA, te te pariNAma jaNAya tyAre kharUM, chatAMye navIna vicAre raju karI, dAkhalA dalIle ane purAvA AgaLa dharI, vAcaka vargane keTaleka daraje vicAra karatA te banAvyA che ? teTale darajaje batAvela hamadardI mATe ame upakAra mAnIe chIe tathA bhaviSyamAM temane vizeSa uttejana Apaze teTalI vinaMti karIe chIe. aMtima prArthanA karavAnI ke ame lakhANa karatI vakhate koInI paNa lAgaNI dubhAvavAne ke keI upara TIkA karavAne duSTa hetu rAkhyo ja nathI, chatAM jANe ajANe amArA kathanathI keIne kiMcita prakAre paNa AghAta pahoMcyuM hoya te te mATe vAraMvAra kSamAnI yAcanA karIe chIe. eja vinaMti. vaDodara: rAvapurA 1993 nI akSatra tRtIyA | ApanA namra sevake zazikAna enDa ku. nA sneha vaMdana

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+30+ nIcenA varNanamAM prathamanA AMka, citranI anukrama saMkhyAsUcaka che. khIne AMka te citrane lagatA adhikAra A pustakamAM kayA pAne lakhela che te khatAve che. sarva citrA saMkhyAnA anukramamAM goThavyAM che. eTale kayuM citra kayA pAne che te zeAdhI kADhavuM saheluM thaI paDe che. koI viziSTatAne lIdhe ADuM avaLuM mUkavuM paDayuM haze te te hakIkata tenA paricayamAM jaNAvavAmAM AvI che. AgaLa mujaba A pustake paNa citrAnA traNa varga pADavAmAM AvyA che. (1) sAmAnya citro (2) paricchedanA mathALA uparanA zaiAbhana citro (3) ane rAjya vistAra batAvatA tathA anya Apadezika nakazAo, prathama ApaNe sAmAnya citronuM varNana karIzuM. (6) sAmAnya citrA AkRti nakhara varNana pRSTha 1 kavara citra paricaya 2 mukhapRSTha pUrA upara kalpavRkSa athavA kalpadrumanuM citra che. tenI hakIkata pu. 2. pR. 28 mAM saMpUrNa jaNAvI che tyAMthI joI levA vinaMti che. pu. 2 mAM sUcavela niyama pramANe A citra khAsa karIne cUMTI kADhavAmAM AvyuM che. te mathurAnA siMhastUpanuM che, tene cUMTavA mATe aneka kAraNeA maLyAM che. (1) zilpakaLAnI dRSTi che (2) tenI prAcInatA che(3) A pustakamAM ja tenA adhikAra apAce che. (4) temAM aitihAsika rahasya samAyaluM che (5) ane sAthI vizeSapaNe jemaNe tenI pratiSThAmAM bhAga lIdhe che temanA jIvana upara te anerA prakAza pADe che. (1) zilpanI dRSTi : alabatta A namunAmAM te eTalI uttama prakAranI jo ke nathI dekhAtIja, chatAM paNa te samayanA kArigarA kevI bAheAzI dharAvatA hatA tenA acchA khyAla te Ape cheja. vizeSa paricaya nIcenA AMka 27 nA citre jue. (2) tenA samaya I. sa. pU. 115 hAi, atyAre tenI umara 115+1977=2052 nI thaI kahevAya. te mATe je purANI vastue sArAye hiMdamAM atyAre jaLavAI rahelI dekhAya che temAM Ane nakhara ghaNA UMcA gaNI zakAze. (3) tenA adhikAranuM varNana pR. 230 thI AgaLa, tathA anya ghaNe ThekANe chUTuM chavAyuM (jIe 'cAvI' tathA 'zuM ane kayAM'mAM mathurA zabde) apAyuM che. te vAMcavAthI tenI samajaNa paDI jAya tema che eTale ahI utAravuM bInajarUrI che,

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20 (4) aitihAsika rahasya-je adyApi paryaMta aMdhakAramAM paDI raheluM che tenuM varNana rAjA kalki-samrATa agnimitranA vRttAMte apAyuM che. kemake A siMhastUpanI punaHpratiSThA je i. sa. pU. 115 mAM thavA pAmI che te pUrve lagabhaga 65 varSe samrATa agnimitranA hAthe ja tenA vinAza thavA pAmyA hatA. eTale ke rAjA kalkinA birUdanI prApti ane mathurA siMhastUpanuM bhUtapUrvanAma zADavAstupadevaracitastUpa' te banne sughaTarIte saMkalita thayela che. (5) tenI pratiSThA karAvanAra mahAkSatrapa rAjIvulanI paTarANI tathA te utsavanI ujavaNInA samaye tyAM ekatrita thayela kSaharATa prajAnA mukhya mukhya AgevAnAnA samudAya, ema pratIti karAve che ke te AkhI kSaharATa prajA peAtAnA dharma pratye ati zraddhAvaMta tathA bhaktipUrNa hatI ane ApaNe jANIne tAjIkha thaIzuM ke te sarve ahiMsAmaya jainadharmanAja anuyAyIo hatA. A pramANe tenA itihAsa che paNa kALe karIne jema anya prAcIna avazeSAnAM hAlahavAla thayA che. tema A stUpa paNa kaIka samaye zitalAdevInA maMdiranA eka aMza banavA pAmyA hatA. hAla te laMDananA briTiza myujhIamamAM te sthApita thayela che. tene vIze epigrAphrikA inDikA pu. 9. pR. 135 mAM A pramANe nivedana najare paDe cheH-- Object of the inscription is to record a religious donation on the part of the Chief Queen of Satrap Rajula.... Found on the steps of an altar devoted to Sitala on a site belonging to low caste Hindus at Mathura.... Secured by Dr. Bhagwanlal brought to Bombay; then presented to British Museum where it lies at present.... Being contemporary with Taxilla plate; this can be placed as nearly as 42 B. C.-lekhakanA Azaya, kSatrapa rAjulanI paTarANI taraphathI dhAmika dAnanI neAMdha rAkhavAnA che...mathurAnA azruta varganA hiMduonI eka jagyAmAM zitaLAdevInA maMdiranI vaidinA pagathiyAmAM (te lekha) jaDela hatA. DAkaTara bhagavAnalAlane te sAMpaDela tyAMthI muMbaI lAvavAmAM lAvelaH ane pachI briTiza nyujhaamane bheTa devAcA hatA. hAla te tyAMja paDela che....takSikSAnA paTa (tAmrapata jIe A pustake rR. 240nuM vivecana) nA samayanA (A lekha) cheH jethI tenA adAja samaya' I. sa. pU. 42 lagabhagane gaNI zakAya. .1 te samaye A takSakAnA paTane samaya game te gaNavAmAM AvatA haze. hAla meM tene samaya I. sa. pU 8 nA TharAyeA che. (jue tenuM vRttAMtaH) DaoN. bhagavAnalAlane A nirNaya aMdAjI samaya batAve che. jyAre tene nizcita kALa tA upara jaNAvyA pramANe I. sa. pU. 115 nA ja gaNavA rahe che,

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sadara SaSTama paricachedanA mathALe (zobhana citranI samajUtimAM juo) 22 saptama paricchedanA mathALe ( sadara sadara 5 24 caMdraguptane rAjya vistAra batAvato nakaze che-nakazAnA varNanamAM jue biMdusArane sadara sadara 7 31 azekavardhanane sadara samrATa azokavanane cahero batAvyuM che. samrATa priyadarzinanuM mahoruM che. A banne citro kevI rIte upajAvavAmAM AvyAM che tene saMpUrNa khyAla pu. 2 mAM citraparicaya pR. 31 upara Ave che eTale tenI punarUkti karavI egya gaNAya nahIM. atre eTaluM ja jaNAvIzuM ke aneka sthAne najare paDatAM temanAM anya citro karatAM A bene, temanI asala AkRtine vizeSAMze maLatAM AvanArAM kahI zakAze. ane teTale darajaje temanuM sthAna ucca koTinuM gaNavuM rahe che. 10 35 * samrATa priyadazinanA samaye magadha sAmrAjya keTaluM vistAravaMta banyuM hatuM te A nakazAmAM batAvyuM che. vizeSa adhikAra mATe nakazAnI samajUtimAM juo. 11 36 priyadarzinanA maraNa bAda moryavaMzanI je aNaciMtI ane ekadama paDatI thavA pAmI hatI tene khyAla A nakazAmAM Avyo che. vizeSa mATe nakazA citranI samajUti juo, pAMcamA khaMDanA prathama paricchedanuM zobhana citra che. tenI samajUti mATe zebhana citre juo. 3 63 pAMcamA khaMDanA dvitIya paricchedanuM zobhana citra che. tenI samajUti tenA sthAne ApI che. pAMcamA khaMDe tRtIya paricchedanuM zamana citra che. samajUti mATe AgaLa juo. '15 89 samrATa agnimitrano rAjya vistAra batAvate nakaze che. samajUti mATe nakazA citranA paricayamAM juo. 16 105 pAMcamA khaMDe-caturtha paricchedanuM zobhana citra che. AgaLa upara juo. 17 114 zaMgavaMzanI paDatI thavA mAMDI te samaye temanA sAmrAjyanA vistArane A nakazAmAM khyAla Ave che-vizeSa hakIkata AgaLa upara18 123 SaSTamakhaMDe-prathama paricchedanuM zamana citra-tenA adhikAre samajAti ApI che.

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AkRti varNana nara 22 21 129 22 136 23 135 paradezI pAMca AkramaNakAmAM prathama yena prajAnuM varNana apAyuM che temAMthI jeNe hiMdamAM gAdI prathama sthApI te napati DimeTrIasanuM maheNuM che. uparamAM varNavela DimeTrIAsanA jamaNe hAtha samAna lekhAtA tenA saradAra minenDarane cahere che. A banne nRpatie prathamavAra ja evI rIte potAnA ziratAja goThavyA che ke gaLAne je bhAga yuropIya rAjakartAo ughADe rAkhatA hatA te hiMdI saMskRtine chAjato ane AcchAdita dekhAya. temanA A banne caherA temaNe pote paDAvelA sikkA uparathI levAmAM AvyA che eTale asala zikalanA pratibiMba rUpe ja te che ema samajavuM. aDhIdvIpane nakaze che. hakIkata mATe nakazAonA varNanamAM juo. zAyadvIpa tathA jaMbudvIpanI samajUti mATe raju karela che. nakazAnI hakIkatamAM juo. zistAna prAMtane nakaze che. samajUti mATe nakazA citra juo. rAjA nahapANanI chabI che. je sarva paradezI bhUpatioe potAnA sikkA paDAvyA che ane temAM kaLA, dhArmika cihno tathA pitAnuM mahoruM I. I darzAvI, sikkA jevI vastune eka aitihAsika vidyAnA aMga jeTale darajaje pahoMcADI che te sarvamAM nahapANane naMbara prathama Ave che. tenA samayathI dAkhala thayelI prathAne Aja sudhI bahudhA sarvee jALavI rAkhIne anukaraNa ja kareluM che. rAjAne zirane zobhAvate mugaTa paNa tyArathI ja paheravAmAM Avate najare paDe che. ema aneka rIte tenA sikkA anukaraNIya thaI paDayA che. vizeSa hakIkata mATe sikkA citra juo. rAjA cakaNanI chabI che. naM. 24 pramANe cakaNane sikko tathA tenuM rAjya paNa ghaNuM ghaNI rIte daSTAMtarUpa thaI paDayuM che. banne jaNa bhinna bhinna jAtinA tathA olAdanA che. vaLI bhinnabhinna pradezamAMthI utarI Avela che, chatAM sikkA paDAvavAnI prathAmAM, rAjakIya cAturyamAM I. I mAM benI vacce caherAmAM ghaNI ja sAmyatA rahelI che. vizeSa te tenA sikakAnA vRttAMta uparathI samajI zakAze. rAjupulane cahere che. naM. 24, 25 nA karatAM ochA pradezane adhikArI hovA chatAM geravamAM, pratApamAM ke anya rAjamAnya guNomAM kaI rIte te utare tevuM nahotuM. balake keTalIka bAbatamAM te te bane karatAM eka veMta caDI jAya tevuM hatuM. temAMnI eka dhArmika zraddhArUpe

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Amati vaNAna naMbara pRSTha 27 28 173 29 173 194 31 202 che jenA pratIkamAM, mathurAnA siMhastUparUpe teNe ApaNane pelI purAtattvanI prasAdI che jene lIdhe ItihAsamAM tenuM nAma sadAne mATe yAdagAra rahI gayuM che. sAranAtha staMbhanuM citra che. AmAMnA zilpa, vizvabharanA zi95 vizAradanI prazaMsA prApta karelI che. tenuM savistara varNana pu. 1 tathA 2 mAM apAI gayuM che. ahIM te raju karavAnuM kAraNa e ja che ke, A pustake mukhapRSTha upara raju karAyala mathurAsiMhastUpanA citranI sAthe tenI tulanA karavAnuM sulabha thAya; A sAranAtha pilara ghaDAyA pachI lagabhaga savA varSe mathurA siMhastUpa ghaDAyo che. paraMtu mathurAstUpanA nirmAtA mahAkSatrapa rAvalanA ja dharmAnuyAyI paNa vizeSa zaktizALI samrATa priyadazinanI kAryazaktinA te nimittarUpa che. jethI banne rAjavInA sAmarthyanI tulanA paNa karI zakAya che. SaSTamakhaMDe dvitIya paricchedanuM zobhana citra che. e tRtIya , caturtha che rAjA nahapANa-avaMtipatinA sAmrAjyamAM je pradezane samAveza thato hate tene citAra Apate nakaze che. tazilApati mahAkSatrapa pAtikano cahero raju karAyo che. te tenA sikakA uparathI levAyo che. A ke dharmazraddhALu hato te tenA jIvanavRttAMta uparathI samajI zakAya che. mULe zaka jAtinA, paNa pAchaLathI avaMtipati kSatrapa cakaNavaMzI rAjakartAonA samaye, temanA adhikAra taLenA gevaradhana samaya-jenI rAjadhAnI nAsika gaNAtuM hatuM tenI upara je amaladAro sUbAgIrI karI rahyA hatA tathA jeoe prasaMga anukULa thatAM mahAkSatrapa pada dhAraNa karI pitAne AbhIra vaMza sthApe hato tathA saMvatsara calAvyuM hatuM je bhAratIya ItihAsamAM kalasUri athavA cedi saMvata tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che temAMnA eka AbhIrapati Izvaradattane che, jyAre bIje cahero tenA ja vaMzamAM paNa lagabhaga aDhI sadIbAda thayela dharasenane che. A dharasene saMvat te pitAnA pUrvajane ja calAvye rAkhe che paNa pitAnA vaMzanuM nAma, te sthAnamAM AvI rahela trirazmi parvata uparathI vaikUTaka pADayuM hatuM. A pramANe A be vaMzasthApakanA mULa citro raju karI purAtatvanA aMze jALavI rAkhavA prayatna seve che. temane vizeSa adhikAra A pustakanA sAthI aMtima paricachede Ave che. temAM ghaNuM navIna hakIkata raju karI che. 33-34

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Ati varNana 35 228 36 252 37 287 38 215 9 305 40 32 41 3para 42 385 SaSamakhaMDe-paMcama paricchedanuM zobhana mitra che. 5 va8ma , , , saptama , pArthiana samrATonA rAjya vistAra batAvate nakazo che. SaSTamakheDe aSTama paricchedanuM zobhana citra che. navama che " dazama A ekAdazama , >> sikkAcitrane paTa naM. 6 che. pu. 2 mAM pAMca paTa raju karAI gayA che temAM raju karAyA sivAyanA je thoDAMka sikkAcitro jarUrI dekhAtAM hatAM te ave batAvavAmAM AvyAM che. tene lagatuM varNana A pustakane aMte joDelA pariziSTamAM apAyuM che. (gA) zobhana citronI samajUti SaSTama paricheda-priyadarzinanA putra subhAga senanA dhamadhapaNAthI dezamAM Thera Thera baLavA phATI nIkaLe che. eka bAjue kavAyata thatI hatI tyAre bIjI bAju senApati puSyamitra pitAnAja svAmInuM khUna kare che. ane dezamAM dhamadhapaNAnI talavAra pote ghA karyaja jAya che. sasama pariccheda-rAjA caMdragupta ane maMtrI cANakya arthazAstranI yojanA vicArI rahela che. yavanAdhipati elekajhAnDaranuM lazkara Ama vijaya dekhatuM AgaLa vadhI rahela che. rANI tibbarakSitAnuM mahelamAMnuM eka cakI rAjya kumArakuNAlane bhikhArI banAvI rakhaDatA karI mUke che. kaliMga patinI sAthenI laDAI paNa rAjyane eka mukhya banAva banyo che. prathama pariccheda-rAjA agnimitra azvamedha yajJa karIne ghoDo chuTa mUke che. yavano sAthe laDatAM laDatAM kumAra vasumitra mRtyu pAme che. gheDe vadhu rakSaNa meLavI AgaLa jAya che. dvitiya-eka bAjue pataMjali mahAzayane keraDo pUra bahAramAM vIMjhAya che. brAhmaNe ne jainenA saMbaMdha vacce veranI talavAra goThavAI gaI che. zAma, dAma, bheda ne daMDathI dharma pracAranA mArgo ajamAvAya che. devatvanI jAhojalAlI ane garIbAI saMdhyAnA raMgamAM ekarAga thaI jAya che. tatIya pariccheda-kaki avatAra pitAnI teja aMdhakAranI talavAra laIne svarga, mRtyu ne pAtALa sudhI prabhAva pAtharI de che. jalapralayane bhega banatuM zahera DUbuM DUbuM thaI rahela che. rAjA agnimitra pitAnI rANI dhAriNI taraphathI pitAnI priyA mAlavikA vijayanA AnaMdamAM bheTa tarIke meLavI sukhI thAya che.

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turthI-vilAsa patinuM paheluM ne chelluM pagathIyuM che iMgarAjyamAM vilAse, temAMthI thatAM khUne svabhAvika banAve thaI gayA che. yona pratinidhi heliDerase kRSNabhaktinA smaraNamAM eka staMbha ubhe karAvI kRtyatA anubhavI che. SaSThama khaMDa prathama pariccheda-i. sa. pUrve 600 thI I. sa. pUrve 300 sudhI bhArata varSa paradezI enA humalAonuM cAlu bhoga thayA karatuM hatuM. A varSe bhAratavarSanI tAkAtanI kasoTI karatAM hatAM. paradezIo dezamAM AvatA, lUTaphATa vi. karIne cAlyA jatA ne keTalAka gharaja karIne ahIM paDI rahetA. A badhAmAM kSatra, kuzAne ane zako mUkhya hatA. dvitIya paricheda-cavane bhAratavarSIne mAra khAIne pitAnA deza bhaNI pibArA gaNe che. azvamedha yajJamAM bhaMgANa paDe che ne sumitra maraNa pAme che. hiMdustAnamAM rahela cenabAdazAho dhImedhIme bhAratavarSIya prathA sikakA vi. mAM cAlu kare che. tutIya pariracheda-bAhmI ane pachI bhASAo premapUrvaka hAtha mIlAvI sahakAra vAMchI rahe che. ne ekatvanuM hadayathI pUjana kare che. brAhmI ane khareSTinI mA dIkarI jevI jeDIne sUryacaMdranA AzIrvacane utare che. caturtha pariracheda-avanti nagarI upara paradezI rAjA nahapANanI sujJa rAjadaSTi prajAnI jarUrIyAta parakhI musApharone upayogI vAva kuvA Adi vastuo pUrI pADe che. nahapANane samudra kinAre, vepAra vi.ne vikAsa karavAne bhAre AnaMda hatA. paMcama pariracheda-mahAkSatrapa rAjupulanI paTarANIe mathurAmAM siMhastUpanI pratiSThA karI che. bAhmaNe jene vi. pitapotAnA dharmakAryomAM pravRtta che. rAjA tIrthakaranA citrapaTa pAse ubhA ubhA hRdayanI pavitratA sAdhe che. dharama pariccheda-mathurA nagarImAM jana jAhojalAlI pUra bahAramAM hatI. bhagavAna buddha sudhAta vAghane khavaDAvavA pitAnuM mastaka jAteja utArI de che. je uparathI tazilA e nAma paDavAnuM anumAna karAya che. sasame pariccheda-dakSiNanA jAnA moryo ane uttaramAMthI tAjA gayelA mauryo eka bIjAnI sAthe bhAIcAre sAdhe che. IrAnI rAjyasattA bhAratavarSa upara pitAne prabhAva jamAvatI jatI hatI. Ama pariracheda-A vakhate bhArata varSanI prajA be sattAonA Asare hatI. eka IrAnIo ne bIjA bhAratavarSIye. A vakhate hiMda upara caDAIo paNa jamIna temaja dariyA mAge ghaNI thaelI. navama pariracheda-bharUca baMdara najIka minenDara vi. nA sikakA dekhAya che. zake te vakhate keraDo pUrabahAramAM vIMjhAto hato. saurASTramAM te vakhate tevI baLavAna prajAo pitAnuM ghara karatI jatI hatI.

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dazAma pariccheda-zAMtimAM gAye cAranAra AbhIra prajA baLavAna laDAyaka prajAnuM khamIra rAkhanAra hatI. ane zAhIvaMza temanA ja khamIranuM pANI che. nahapANa pitAnI dIkarInAM lagna kaSabhadatta sAthe kare che. ekAdazama pariccheda-junA vakhatamAM DuMgare tathA tenI taLeTI jevI suMdara jagyAo maMdire mATe suMdara gaNAtI. stUpa paNa evA ja kaI mahatvanA sthAne baMdhAvavAmAM AvatA. laDAInA yugamAM eka jaIne bIjI prajA AvatI tyAre junI prajAne nAza e svAbhAvika sthiti thaI jatI. 6 29 (2) nakazA vizenI samajUti. caMdraguptane rAjya vistAra batAve che. A ajJAta saMsAramAM ajJAna sthitimAM te janmyo hovAthI tene rAjyane prAraMbha paNa ekAda ajJAna sthAnathI ja kare paLe hate. tenI pasaMdagI karavAmAM paNa koI ajJAta kAraNanuM ja sUcana hatuM. kamekame pachI te AkhA hiMdane svAmI banavA pAmyo hato te tenA vRttAMte jaNAvyuM che. dakSiNa hiMda upara tenuM svAmitva te hatuM ja paNa tyAM pitAnA ja jJAtijane sattApade hovAthI temane khaMDiyApaNAmAM rahevA dIdhA hatA. A prakAranI rAjakIya prathA haju cAlu rAkhavI paDI hatI. samrATa biMdusAra jyAM sudhI paM. cANakya jIvaMta hatuM tyAM sudhI te rAjyanA vistAramAM kicit paNa nyUnatA thavA pAmI nahotI. paNa rAjyane lagabhaga aDadhe kALa vyatIta thatAM, paM. cANakayanuM maraNa nIpajyuM. navA pradhAna sattA upara AvyA ane rAjanIti badalAI; ke sArAe sAmrAjyamAM jyAM ne tyAM baDabakheDA, TaTAphizAda thavA mAMDayA eTale Akhe dakSiNa bharatakhaMDa magadhamAMthI chUTo paDI gayo ane uttaramAMthI paNa kAzimara ane paMjAba khasI gayA. te sarva A nakaze spaSTa karI batAve che. azekavardhananA samayane bhUvistAra che. adyApi paryaMta azokane priyadazina mAnI laI ekane kaLaza bIjAne mAthe DhoLAI gayA che, paNa kharI sthiti zuM hatI te have khulluM thayuM che. jethI samajAze ke, azekavardhana eka zaktivAna rAjA hovA chatAM tene Akhe ke rAjyakALa gRhajIvananA kalezamAM ane rAjyanA bhAyAtonA kulsapane zamAvI devAmAM vyatIta thaI gayo hovAthI pitAne phALe kAMIvistAranI vRddhi ApI 7 31 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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10 35 11 36 zakya nathI. je tenAthI karI zakAyuM te eTaluM ja ke majabUta hAthe sarvatra kAma laI teNe akhaMDa zAMti sthApI dIdhI hatI. jethI vArasAmAM maLelI bhUmimAM teNe potAnuM Uttara jIvana zAMti samAdhimAM pUrNa karyuM hatuM. samrATa priyadarzine magadha sAmrAjyane hiMdanI bhUmi uparAMta dUradUranA pradeza upara cAre bAjue je pAtharI dIdhuM hatuM tene citAra Apyo che; tenA puragAmI ane pitAmahe je zAMti sthApI dIdhI hatI tene lAbha lIdhe hato. uparAMta teNe je dhammanIti akhatyAra karI, prajAprema jItI lIdho hato tathA pitAnuM ane prajAnuM hita eka ja che evI rAjanIti dhAraNa karI hatI te sthitie paNa je te bhAga bhajave nathI. ekaMdare rAjaprakaraNa bAbatamAM-bhUvistAramAM tathA prajAnA aMtaramAM praveza karI zAsaka ane zAsitane eka tAre gUMthI levAmAM-te adyApi paryata hiMdI zAzakamAM balake vizvabharanA rAjakartAomAM prathama naMbare birAjIta thaye che ema kahI zakAze. vidvAne manAvI rahyA che ke, samrATa priyadazinanA avasAna bAda maurya sAmrAjyanI ekAeka paDatI AvI paDI che te teNe dhAraNa karelI dhagnanItinuM pariNAma che. paNa have khulluM thaI gayuM che ke te sarvanuM mULa te tenA vArasadAramAM jAmelA kuTuMbakaleza ane temaNe AdarelI dharmajhanunI rItimAMja samAyeluM hatuM. AnA pratIka tarIke sAmrAjya mATe vacce thoDeka pradeza rAkhI cAre bAju upasthita thayela svataMtra rAjonuM astitva najare paDe che. te vakhatanA senyapati agnimitrathI ughADI AMkhe te sthiti (AkRti naM. 11 mAM darzAvelI) joI na zakavAthI sAmrAjayanI lagAma hAtha dharavI paDI hatI, ane je sthiti eka vakhate azokavardhane nIpajAvI hatI teja karIne A agnimitre jamAvavA mAMDI hatI. eTale baMne jaNAne rAjayavistAra lagabhaga sarakheja dekhAte najare paDaze. azakavardhana ane agnimitranI bhale upara pramANe tulanA te karAvI che paNa temanA vArasadAronI sthiti jUdIja hatI. ekane vArasadAra zAMtipUjaka ane rAjanItijJa hato jyAre bIjAnAM vArasadAre tenAthI ulaTa dizAmAMja vicaranArA hatA. pariNAme sAmrAjyanA vistAramAM AkAza pAtALa eTale ane prajAnA aMtaramAM lIlA-sukA jeTale taphAvata paDI gayela jaNAya che. benI laDAImAM trIjAne lAbha-te ukti pramANe paradezIone ghI keLAM prApta thavA maMDayAM che, 15 89 17 114

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21 22 31 129 23 135 38 136 202 315 18 pRthvI gALAkAre te che ja; paNa vartamAnakALanI mAnyatA pramANe teTalethI ja aMta na AvatAM tenAthI dUradUra anya samudro ane mAnava jAtithI vasAyelI anya pRthvIe paNa che-hatI; tenA vicAra TUMkamAM AvI zake te mATe aDhIdvIpanA nakazeA rajI karyAM che. mAtra rekhArUpe ja che. sAthI aMtima hade mAnuSyeAttara parvata matAnyeA che; tyAMthI AgaLa alAka-yAMthI AgaLa keAI jAtanuM prANI jIvaMta thitimAM rahI zake nahi tevI bhUmi Ave cheH eTale ke tyAM AgaLathI ApaNI prANavaMtI pazu, paMkhI vanaspatti, manuSya Adi sarve prANa dharatA jIvA-duniyA aTakI paDe che. na 21mAM jaNAvela aDhIdvIpanA madhyavatidvIpa che je jaMbUdvIpa kahevAyA che. temAM pAchA zAkadvIpa nAmanA eka meTA TApu hatA. kAI kALe mahApralaya thatAM, A baMne mA ane putrIrUpa pRthvIe saMyukta banI gai ane temAMthI vartamAnakALe eLakhAtA kayA kayA pradezeA (jaLanA ane sthaLanA) upasthita thayA gaNI zakAya tene khyAla ApyA che. khIjA badhA banAvAnI vAta te kAre mUkIe. paNa vartamAnakALe oLakhAI rahelI ApaNI hiMdI prajAnuM mULa kAM AgaLa kahI zakAya ane ApaNA RSimunionuM udbhavasthAna kayuM kahevAya tathA temanuM saraNu kaI rIte thayuM samajI zakAya te sthitinA kAMIka khyAla ApavA mATe A nakazA dAkhala kayA che. bhAratavarSamAM ekavAra ukaLatA tela jevI sthiti thai paDayA bAda, pAchI te samayanA ahiMsAvADhI avantipati nahapANDurATa je sthiti sthApavA bhAgyavaMta nIvaDayA hatA tenA khyAla ApatA, ane tyAMthI madhyabiMdurUpa gaNAtA sAmrAjyanA vistAra vadhate jate A nakazAmAM najare paDe che. naM. 31 mAM jaNAvyA pramANenI paristhiti dIrghakALa TakI rahevA nimita thayelI dekhAtI nathI eTale vaLI cAtaraphathI humalA upara humalA thavA mAMDayA hatA; chatAM ghaNI rIte bannemAM aMtara paDeluM najare paDe cheja. pariNAme ardhadagdha-ucAMnIcAM mana sAthenI sthitimAM AkhI prajAne divase vItAvavAM paDe che. tethI pAtapeAtAnuM sAcavI rAkhavAnI niti ja te samayanA rAjakartAoe mukhyapaNe grahaNu karI rAkhI dekhAya che.

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viSaya caturtha khaMDa (cAlu) 14ma pariccheda mAruM sAmrAjyanI ekadama thayela paDatI (5) vRSabhasenanuM jIvana vRttAMta. paDatInAM kAraNanI vistArathI tapAsa. IMdrapAlita ane baMdhupAlita kALu ? pariziSTa-kAzmirapati jAlAka sakrama pariccheda mAvaMzI samrATanA rAjya vistAra (1) caMdraguptane (2) biMdusAranA (3) azAkavardhananA (4) priyadarzinanA pariziSTa-cANakya ane megesthenIjha paMcama kheDa zuMgavaMza-zuganRtya: prathama pariccheda nAmAvaLI tathA vaMzAvaLa puSyamitra vize samAdhAna agnimitra ane vasumitrane samaya bAkInA rAjAe|nA samaya nirNaya dvitIya pariccheda. puSyamitranuM vRttAMta pataMjalI ane puSyamitra temanAM cAritryanI karelI tulanA tRtIya pacchika (1) samrATa agnimitra aMtargata vasumitra rAjA kalikanI oLakha zirAbhAge zRMga sAmrAjya pATaliputranuM AyuSya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat anukrama pRSAMka viSaya z ra 15 19 24 29 31 35 sara re para 54 59 4 kara Gu caturtha pariccheda zuMgavaMzanI samApti (2-3) adraka-edraka : bhAga-bhAgavata temanI rAjakIya kArakIrdI (4-7) zuMgavaMzanA aMtima rAjAe 14ma khaMDa paradezI humalAo prathama pariccheda (a) cAna: ekaTrIansa (1) DimeTrIarA (ra) minenDara 124 paradezI humalAnA itihAsa jaMbUdIpatI samajUtI zAkadvIpanI samajUtI 128 133 zAkadvIpa, zIpa ane zakAnane bheda 135 dvitIya pariccheda tenAM parAkrama tenuM saMskRtimaya jIvana minenDara pachI zuM? bhinnabhinna ha|ddAonI samaja (A) kSaharATa prajA temanA itihAsa temanA kSatrA (1) bhUmaka tRtIya pariccheda (1) madhyadezanA kSatrapeAMnuM vRttAMta 23 93 (2) nahapANa pRSAMka 106 109 114 zilAlekhamAM 76 3 46 ? 145 149 152 153 157 163 }4 183 saharATa saMvatI sthAnA 18 tene rAjya vistAra ane gAdInuM sthAna 189 caturthAM paDhi 104 10 195 .. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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viSaya pRSAMka 206 305 210 313 330 tene rAjya vistAra pATanagara ane sikkAo karaMjaka kArabhAra dIrdhadaSTi ane kAryakuzaLatA nahapANa ane ca9Nane saMbaMdha kAnhAyana vaza sAthe saMbaMdha paMcama pariccheda (2) mathurApationuM vRttAMta (1) mahAkSatrapa rAjuvula mathurAsiMhastUpanI punaH pratiSThA (2) SoDAsa-soDAsA (3) tazilAnA kSetranuM vRttAMta (1) lIaka mahAkSatrapa (2) pAtika-pAlika tazilAnA tAmrapatranI sAla sarva kSaharATa kSatrapone dharma paSama pariccheda pariziSTa (1) mathurA nagarInuM tenI prAcIna bhUgoLa ane varNana (2) takSilA nagarInuM utpattinuM varNana tene dATa ke vinAza tenI vidyApITha tene dharma saptama paricacheda (6) pArthiansa-pahuvA pallavIjha ane pahalvAjhane bheda pahullIjha Arya ke anArya? puNAMka viSaya 202 aSTama pariccheda (1) zahenazAha bejhIjha kaye raste te hiMdamAM Avyo hato? 310 213 217 teno hoddo tathA rAjya vistAra rarara (2) ajhIjha pahele 319 tene saMvatasarane bhrama 323 (3) ajhIlIjha 326 229 (4) ajhIjha bIje 328 233 (5) geDaphATanesa 328 hiMda sAthe ITAlInI sarakhAmaNI navama paricheda 237 (3) zaka-sithiansa 240 temanI utpattino ItihAsa 333 243 temanAM saraNane itihAsa dazama pariccheda 253 i sithia-hiMdI zaka ra63 (1) rUSabhadattanuM jIvana vRttAMta ra65 zaka, zAhI ane zahenazAhInA bheda 363 266 tenA leke pogI kAryanI samIkSA 366 274 (2) devaka 368 zAhIvaMzanI samApti ekAdazama paricheda zaka, AbhIra ane greTane saMbaMdha 372 ozavALa, zrImALa, piravADa tathA gUrjaranI utpatti saMbaMdhI 382 343 353 277 278 284

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5 Wan Wan caturtha khaMDa (US) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat Wan Wan Wan www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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' - ne kimase 5:52 1 2nel ' SaSThama pariccheda mairya sAmrAjyane jotajotAmAM ekadama-thayela vinAza ane phUTI nIkaLelI keTalIka nAnI nAnI rAjasattAo saMkSipta sAra-samrATa priyadarzinanI gAdIe tenA yuvarAja subhAgasenanuM besavuM-tenA manamAM paNa tenA ja pitAnI peThe dhammapracAranI UgelI bhAvanA paNa tenI bajavaNI mATe AdarelA UMdhA upAyo-mogalavaMzI samrATa akabara ane auraMgajhebanA samayamAM phATI nIkaLela dharmalaDatanI sarakhAmaNI-khaMDiyA ane tAbedAra rAjAemAM aMkurita thayelI adrita rAjya sthApanAnI madazA-pariNAme banne kSetramAM pravezI rahela asaMtoSa ane kusupa-dakSiNApathamAM zAtakaraNInuM vadhatuM jatuM jora ane teNe upADela dhammapracArane vaja-TheraThera uThela baLavA ane nAnAM nAnAM rAjyoe mahAsAmrAjyamAMthI karavA mAMDelI uThAMgirI-se pati puSyamitre potAnA putra agnimitranI sahAyathI sainyanI kavAyata prasaMge kareluM pitAnA svAmInuM khUna ane prAMte zuMgavaMzanI thayelI sthApanA nabaLA samrATanI nAmAvalI ane zuddhi-iMdrapalita ane baMdhupAlita kaNa kaNa kahevAya te mATe aneka joDakAMonI lIdhela tapAsa ane bAMdhela nirNaya-aneka graMthakAree kuNAlavardhanane samrATa tarIke oLakhAvyo che paNa te pramANe banavAgya che ke kema tenI lIdhelI UDatI noMdha-te sthApita karelI moryapationI zuddha nAmAvalI.

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s mA` sAmrAjyanI tenAM kAraNeA maurya vaMzane lagatA A khe-SaSTama ane saptama paricchedo zAmATe bIjA pustakamAM na bleDatAM atre utAravA paDayA che tenuM kAraNa bIjA pustakanI prastAvanAmAM pR. 20 upara jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. A tA eka kudaratI siddhAMta che ke, jenI caDatI che tenI paDatI paNa cheja. pachI te niyama vyaktine lAgu pADA ke samAjane lAgu pADA ke game te vastune lAgu pADA; eTale mau sAmrAjya jevuM mahApratibhAzALI rAjya paNa eka vakhata teA vinAzane mATe sarjAyeluM hatuja, ane te pramANe tene vinAza thaI jAya temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevu paNa nathI. hatAM ahIM je ullekha karavA paDe che te amuka viziSTa hetune laIne che mATe te upara vAMcakavarganu dhyAna kheMcavA Ucita dhArU' chuM. dareka vastunA aMta e rIte AvI zake che, (1) dhIme dhIme-raphate raphate athavA (2) acakhuca rIte-ekadama : itihAsanA abhyAsIone ATaluM te sArI rIte jANumAM cheja ke, jyAre eka rAjasattAnA aMta AvI te sthAna upara khIjI rAjasattA ArUDha thAya che, tyAre te pahelI sattAnA aMta acanucarIte, athavA tA jene ekadama ata AvI jatA kahI zakAya tevI rItanI sthiti najare paDe che. paNa kAI khIjI rAjasattAnA AkramaNa sivAyaja jyAre pUrva rAjasattAno aMta Ave che, tyAre te te aMta raste rakate-dhIme dhImeja thatA dekhAya che. kemake peAtAnI sattAno vinAza karanArAM tattvane praveza thatAM paNa vAra lAge che ane praveza thayA bAda tene gati ( 1 ) jI mArca sA. Iti. pR. 669 tathA nIcenI TI. na. 21, ema sAMbhaLyuM che ke, grIka itihAsamAM tene ' segasena ane tibeTana vidvAna pa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ SaSThama mAna thatAM ane bhISaNa svarUpa dhAraNa karatAM paNa svabhAvika rIte amuka vakhata pasAra thaI jAya cheja. chatAM te niyamane apavAdarUpa A mauryavaMzI sAmrAjyanI sthiti thaI paDela hovAthI atre tenA ullekha karavAnI pharaja AvI paDI che. A pramANe maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatI zvetajotAM-ekadama je thaI paDI che, tenAM kAraNo mukhyapaNe zuM che, tenI vigatA chUTI pADavA karatAM tenI thaI paDela paDatInA samayanA pratyeka rAjavInA vRttAMta temanAM nAma taLe AlekhIzuM, jethI vAcaka vargone tene khyAla svaya' AvI jaze. (5) vRSabhasena mahArAjA priyadarzinanu bharaNu ma. sa. 290=I. sa. pU. 277 mAM nIpajatAM, tenI pAchaLa avatinI gAdI upara tenA jyeSTa putra vRSabhasena kheDA. AnuM nAma subhAgasena, vRSabhasena tathA vIrasena paNa keTalAkoe kahyuM che. A subhAgasena-urphe vRSabhasenanuM rAjya mAtra Ara va pa taja cAlyuM che: I. sa. pU. 277 thI 228=8 varSa; Ama thavAnu kAraNa zuM anyuM che te samajavA pUrve thADIka anya paristhitinA khyAla ApavA Avazyaka lAge che. A mATe mArA potAnA zabdomAM va vavA karatAM anya graMthakArAnAja mULa zabdo prathama TAMkIne te upara jarUra joguM vivecana karavuM te yAcita thai paDaze: eka vidvAna lekhaka bhAratavaSa~nI TheTha prAcIna samayathI cAlI AvatI rAjakIya sthitine abhyAsa karI, nIce pramANe tenuM pRththakaraNa dare che;ra "bhAratIya rAjanItika kRtihAsameM do pravRttiyAM spaSTarUpase tArAnAthe 'sebhAgasena ' tarIke oLakhAvye che. (jhue pu. 2 mAM sikko na. 93 tathA tenuM varNana), ( 2 ) mA. sA, i. pR. 662. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] dIkhAI detI hai / keMdrIbhAva (Centralization) aura keMdrIbhAva ( Decentralization ); sabhyatA, dharmo, saMskRti aura sAhityakI samAnatA jahAM Isa ekatAkI taraph le jAti hai, vahAM bhASA, jAti, itihAsa aura bhaugolika avasthAjhI bhinnatA aneka prAkRtika vibhAgAme' khAMTa jAti hai ''! " bhArata eka deza huM, yaha bhAvanA prAcIna samayame vidyamAna thA / para, kedriya bhAvakI prakRtiyA zIghra jora pakaDa letIthI aura kaeN'drita sarakArame' jarAbhI ni LatA Ane para ve purAne rAjya kira prAdurbhUta hA jAte the / unheM saphaLatA bhI hatIthI, para keMdrIbhAvakI prakRtiyAM kira prabaLa hatIthI| isa pravRttine prAcIna bhAratameM sAmrAjyAMkA sthira rUpase kAyama nahIM haiAne dIyA // '" " prAcIna' bhAratame' bahutase gaNarAjya vidyamAna the, aneka sthAneA para ye sadhA ke rUpame saMgaThita the / do yA usase adhika gaNAne milakara eka saMdha anA liyA thA / mahAbhArata kAlame' aMdhaka aura vRSNuiyeAMkA Isa taraha ke saMdhA thA / ye gaNarAjya khaDu zaktizALI thA / sAmrAjyavAdame inase aDI anya koi khAdha na thA| sarvatra sAmrAjyavAda aura gaNarAjyAkA saMgha dekhAi paDatA hai / nisa deha pa cANAyakI nIti yahu thI ka-" eka rAjala '' kI sthApnA kI jAya / paraMtu saMdhe kI zakti tathA prajA svAtaMtryapriyatA ko dekhakara unakI ,, "C paDatInAM kAraNeA (3) majakura pustaka pR. 663. (4) majakura pustaka pU. 665. (5) majakura pustaka pR. 665. (6) A samayanA anya pradezamAMthI maLI AvatA sikkA uparathI samajAya che ke, te rAjana priyadarzinanA sabhAmatva nIce paNa hatA ( kemake hAthInuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 3 pRthaka sattAkA khAdhaka rUpase svIkRta karanA paDA thA| Apasame phUTa DalavA kara Ina rAjyoM kA naSTa karane ke bahuta se prayatna kace gaye the, para eka uttama rAjanIti kI bhrAMti kauTilyane gRha Avazyaka samajA thA ki, zaktizALI prajAtaMtra rAjyAM ! samAna ke sAtha mA sAmrAjya me' sthAna diyA jAya, yahI kAraNa huM ki, aneka gaNarAjya maurya sAmrAjya ke aMtagata apanI AMtarika ekatA aura svataMtratA ke sAtha vidyamAna the / azAka ke ( priyadarzinanA samajavA ) zilAlekhAM se isa taraha ke rAjyA kI sAmrAjya aMtargata " svataMtra sattA ' 6spaSTa rUpase dekhAI paDatI hai / / A pramANe bhAratIya rAjanItinI samAlocanA te graMthakAre karI che. tevAja mata anya graMthakAra paNa cItare che, temanu' kahevu' TuMkamAMja jaNAvIzuM. temanA mate " e jAtanA rAjyA hatA, (1) rAjAvALuM te rAjataMtra ane (2) gaNarAjya jevuM te rAjavihina taMtra. '' AmAM rAjAvALu taMtra te prathamanA graMthakAranuM keMdrIta bhAvanAnuM ( centralization ) ane gaNarAjya te akeMdrIbhAvanAnu=decentralization of power vALuM samajavuM, ane jayAre pa. cANakaye tenA potAnA samaya sudhI cAlI AvatI praNAlikAne uthalAvI nAMkhavA prayatna karyAnuM te lekhaka bhahAzaya jaNAve che, tyAre tenA artha emaja thayeA ke, magadhapati zreNikathI cihna paNa sikkA upara Alekhela che) temaja te peAtAnuM vasva paNa jALavI rahyA hatA ( kemake hAthI sivAyanA bIjA paNa arthasUcaka lakhANa ke cihno najare paDe che) A hakIkatanA purAvA mATe jue. pu. ra. pira. 3. (7) purAtatva, pu. 1 chuM. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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4 mA mAMDIne caMdragupta samrATanA samaya sudhI te "gaNurAjya" nI paddhatieja rAjarAnuM zakya satra cAlye jatu` hatu`. paNa temAM pheraphAra karavAmAM pa cANakayane saMpUrNa saphaLatA na maLavAthI te sabhayathI alpAMze Centralization of power ane alpAMze Decentralizing of pover vALuM mizrita rAjyataMtra calAvavAnuM' dhAraNa aMgIkAra karAyuM hatuM; ke jevI rAjyata tranI paristhiti ApaNe mahArAjA priyadarzitanA zikSAlekhAmAMthI vAravAra tAravI paNa zakIe chIe. k upara pramANe rAjakIya sa'gardananI paristhiti kauTaSyanA samayasudhI cAlI AvI hatI. paNa te bAda mahArAjA priyadarzine amuka aMze pheraphAra karyAM haze ema samajI zakAya che. te pachI zuM thayuM te nIhALIe. te mATe paNa tene teja graMthakAranA zabdo ApaNane mukhyatve doravaNIrUpa thAya che.10 Isa prathaka prajAtaMtra rAjyeAMkI sattA maurya sAmrAjyake khaDI bhArI kamajorI thI. huM ' 11mauya sAmrAjyake tanameM yaha bAta vizeSa rUpase dhyAna dene yAgya hai" ( nahIM ke samrATa priyadarzinanI dharma -bhAvanA tenA kAraNarUpa hatI; jema anya vidvAne manAvanA prayatna karI rahyA che tema ) " 12 yaha samajanA bhUla hai ki, aAAkI ( priyadarzina kahevAneA bhAvArtha 39 (8) AMdhra, pAMDaya, cAlA i. rAjye rAkhavALAM rAjyataMtra gaNI rAkAya tema che. jyAre rAjyavihina rAjyataMtramAM satyaputta, yAna " ItyAdi samajI rAkAya che. cadraguptanA samaye ekalu AMdhrarAya ja vALu` rAjataMtra hatuM. ( 9 ) A kAraNathI cadraguptanI sattA keTaleka aro maryAdita banAvI hatI ane tethIja tene vRkSana kahIne sodhyA che (jhue pu. 2, pR. 171 ). Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat keraladhutta, rAn sAmrAjyanI [ SaSTama che) nItine maurya sAmrAjyake, itanA kamora kara diyA thA ki, ve magadhakI senAse ( jInhAMne selyukasa}A parAsta kIyA thA, aura sikaMdaro paMjAbase hI lauTa jAneke liye bAdhita kiyA thA ) aba Ina videzIyoMke AkramaName saraLatAthe sAtha parAjIta he| / / magadhakI senAe~me' akSabhI usI tarahakI zakti thI jAlaukane Ina senAnIse hI zrIlAM parAjIta kriyA / maurya sAmrAjayA durbhAgya thA ki jAlaukane pazcimeAttara pradezame pRthaka rAjya sthApita kara diyA / / 13 kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, mauya sAmrAjyanI je paDatI thai hatI te, jema ghaNA vidvAnonI dhAraNA che ke, samrATa priyadarzinanI dha- bhAvanAne lIdhe, prajAmAMthI temaja sainyamAMthI laDAyaka jusso nAbuda thaI gayA hatA ne tethI paradezIoe AkramaNa karavA mAMDayuM hatuM, tene lIdhe paDatI thaI che te kAraNa vasjIda vinAnu che.14 kAraNake, jo teja kAraNa satya ane meAjuda have te, priyadarzinaneAja putra jAlauka, teja senAnIonI sahAyathI ane teja paradezI-grIka AkramaNa karanArAone zI rIte haTAvI zakata ane peAtAnuM svataMtra rAyakAzmira dezamAM sthApI zakata ? sAra e che ke vidvAneAe kalpela kAraNa vajuda vinAnu che, ane maurya sAmrAjyanI (10) mA, sA. i, pR. 666 (11) majakura pustaka pR. 667 (12) majakura pustaka pR. 668 (13) jIe pu. 2 nA aMte pariziSTa 3 jemAM A kAzmirapati rAjA khaMlAkanI kArakIrdIne zeDe aMze khyAla Apyo che. (14) sarakhAve jaina dharmAMnA syAdvAda viSenu vivecana pu. 2 pR. 342 thI 344 (15) AgaLanA pAne jue. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] paDatInAM kAraNe - 5 paDatI te mukhyatayA rAjayakuTuMbamAM paDela bhAgalAne pariNAme ja,12 ane mArA mata pramANe ghamadhatAnA pariNAme, je prajA damananI nIti akhatyAra thavA pAmI hatI tene lIdhe rAjyanA bhAgalA thavA pAmyA hatA. temaja tene lIdhe pUrvanI daTAI rahelI akaeNkita bhAvatA16 pAchI jAgRta thaI javA pAmI hatI; A be kAraNone lIdhe ja paDatI thaI che. paNa mahArAjA priyadarzine, je rAjanIti pitAnA dhamma-vijayanI prAptivALI mAnIne Ada 25 TharAvI hatI tene teja rAjanIti17 tenA uttarAdhikArIoe jo calAvI rAkhI hatI te keMkita bhAvanAne poSaNa paNa maLyuM hota ane sAmrA- jyanA kakaDA bukalA ja thaI gayA che te paNa nahIM thAta ane akeMdrita bhAvanAne punarjanma paNa nahIM thAta. eTale ke, mahArAjA priyadarzine dIrdhadaSTi vAparI je dhamma-vijayanI ane dharma sahiSNutAnI rAjanIti amalamAM mUkI batAvI hatI, te kaI rIte sAmrAjyane vighAtakarUpa hatI ja nahIM balake piSakaja hatI. vaLI A abhiprAyane samarthanarUpa nIvaDe tevuM ja kathana teja graMthakAranA bIjA be aitihAsIka banAvanA TAMcaNathI maLI zake che. te lakhe che ke 18rAjataraMgiNIse spaSTa hete ki magadha aura kAzmirameM saMgharSa huA thA ! isameM bhI sainika baLa sAtha hone kAraNu jAlaukakI hi vijaye huI thI vaha kAnyakubaja taka vijaya karanemeM saphaLa ho sakA thA. 20aura isa taraha maurya sAmrAjyanI zaktike beMTa jAneke liye, grIkone AkramaNa karanA aura bhI sulabha he gayA che eMTIokasa dhI greITane subhAgasena, vRSasena yA vIrasena para (16) sarakhA AgaLane pAnAnI hakIkta.. (17) dharmasahiSNutAnI nIti jene kahI zakAya te; nahIM ke asahiSNutAnI athavA dhamadhapaNAnI nIti kahevAya te; prathama prakAranI rAjanIti megala samrATa aka bare akhatyAra karI hatI jyAre bIjA prakAranI rAjanItine Azraya, teja akabaranA vArasa samrATa auraMgajhebe lIdho hato. A banane rAjanItinuM pariNAma zuM AvyuM hatuM te bhAratIya ItihAsanA abhyAsIethI ajANyuM rahyuM nathI. vaLI vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa mATe AgaLa " kAraNonI vistArathI tapAsa" vALe phakaro vAMce. A uparathI samrATa priyadazine dhAraNa karelI rAjanItimAM samAyalA DahApaNanuM mApa paNa kADhI zakAya che. (18) ma. sA. i. pR. 668 (19) A " magadha" zabda mULa pustaka rAjataraMgiNImAM nathI ja vAparyo, paNa mArya sA.kA. itihAsanA lekhakane che. kharI rIte te have teo magadhapati rahyAja nahetA paNa mairya samrATe avaMti patija hatA. (ra0) ma. sA. I. pR. 69 (ra1) mai. sA. I. pR. 169; A lekhake ne ke eMTI- ekasa dhI greITa ane subhAgasenane samakAlIna gaNuM vyA che paNa kharI rIte te eMTIokasa dhI greITa kayA rane marI gayA hatA. atyAra sudhI jema manAtuM AvyuM che ane azokapriyadarzinane samaya peTe dhArI levAya che tema; eTale te gaNatrIeja A lekhake uparanuM nAma lakhyuM che (ane A bhUla paNa meM keTasane caMdragupta karAvavAthIja ubhI thavA pAmI che) ane eMTIekasa dhI greITane samaya je I. sa. 1, 290 che tene A subhAgasenane jaNAvyo che. bAkI kharI rIte subhAgasenane samaya I. sa. 1. 236 che. ane te vakhate hiMdakuza parvatanI Asa pAsa ane aphagAnisthAmAM te bekIana rAjA DIeDoTasa bIjane rAjya amala cAlato hato (juo AgaLa upara paradezI sattAnA rAjaya amalanuM vaMzavRkSa) eMTIokasa ane subhAgasena ne samakAlIna heta te, eMTIokasa dhI greITane samaya te I. sa. 1, 280 thI ra61 che (juo paradezIonuM vaMzavRkSa); te pramANe subhAgasenane samaya paNa temaNe I. sa. 1 280 mUkavo joItA hatA. paNa tema thayuM nathI. matalabake hakIkata sAcI che paNa paradezI rAjAonAM nAma ane samaya khoTAM che.

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maurya sAmrAjya [ SaSama AkramaNa kiyA''--22 eMTIokasa dhI greITe, gAMdhArake rAjA subhAgasenake sAtha I. sa. pU. 206 meM yuddha kIye, zIdhra hI done rAjAomeM paraspara saMdhI che gaI , 23"rAjA sophAga- senasase apanI mitratA phIra sthApita kI, chatane hAthI prApta kiye ki usake kula hAthIoMkI saMkhyA 150 he gaI pIchu eMTIokasa vApasa lauTa gayA "--A uparathI samajAze ke bekaTrIana saradAre je bhAratavarSa upara AkramaNa karyuM hatuM, te be vakhatanuM hatuM, prathamanA samaye kAMIka aMze te saphaLa thayo na thayo jevI sthiti hatI, paNa bIje vakhate te saMpUrNa vijetA thaye hato; ane rAjA suphAgasenane saMdhI karavAnI pharaja paDI hatI, ke jenI rUIe tene yavana saradArane doDhase hAthI devA paDyA hatA ane te laIne yavana saradAra pitAnA mulake pAcho sIdhAvyuM hatuM. vaLI jAlauke pitAnA sainyane baLathI A lazkaranA humalA pAchA haThAvyA hatA. temaja teNe kAzmiramAM rAjya paNa sthApyuM hatuM ane dhIme dhIme AgaLa vadhIne, kAnyakubaja sudhI pitAne pradeza paNa vistAryo hato; ATalA vivecanathI spaSTa thAze ke maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatInAM kAraNamAM rAja- kuTuMbamAM je be bhAgalA paDI gayA hatA te prasaMgeja mukhyapaNe che temAMne (1) suphAgasena yuvarAjavALo ane (2) kumAra jAlauka kAzimarapativALo-teja be bahudhA javAbadAra hatA; nahIM ke mahArAjA priyadarzinanI dhamma-vijayanI ane dhammasahiSNutAnI nItibhAvanA athavA to prajA ane sanyamAMthI nIkaLI gaela hiMsaka- bhAvanA. kharI rIte te bhAvanAe te saMgaThThana karIne sarvane ekatrita banAvI dIdhA hatA; ke jeno jIvato jAgate purA mahArAjA priya- darzinanA samayane maurya sAmrAjyane ajoDa e ati vistAravaMta patharAvo che ke jeno citAra ApaNane temanI kRtirUpe dAMDI pITI bulaMda avAje jAherAta karanArA zilAlekhomAMthI maLI Ave che. have ApaNane khAtrI thaI che ke sAmrA jyanI paDatImAM beja kAraNe kAraNonI hatAM (1) rAjakuTuMbamAM vistArathI paDela bhAgalA ane (2) tapAsa dhammavijayanI ane dharma hiSNutAnI bhAvanAne thavA mAMDela abhAva; A banne kAraNe kAMIka vistArathI ApaNe tapAsI jovAnI jarUra che. AvaDuM moTuM ane jabarajasta maurya sAmrAjya ke je eka vakhate game tevA bAhubaLI ane bhalabhalA duzmanane paNa garva gaLAvI nAMkhI potAnA paga pAse zIra jhukAvatuM karavAne sAmarthyazALI hatuM, te sAmrAjyano jema koI pAkA caNataranuM ane jemAMthI eka kAMkarI sarakhI, sevarSe paNa kharI na paDe tevuM majabUta makAna hoya, te jema kevaLa thoDI sekaMDamAM dharatIkaMpa thavAthI ekadama AMcako lAgI jamIna sapATa thaI jAya che tema A sAmrAjyano ) acAnaka mAtra 20-25 varSamAM ja lepa thaI gayo che ane kahe ke jANe pRthvInI sapATI upara tenuM koI divasa astitva paNa haze ke kema tenI sAbitI paNa jaDI AvavI bhAre vikaTa samazyArUpa thaI paDI che-eTaluM haju ganimata lekha ane duA do mahArAja priyadarzinane ke jeNe potAnA dareka sAmAjIka ane manu dhyane upakArI nIvaDe tevAM sukAryane yAvacaMdra divAkarInI paddhatie saMrakSitapaNe sAcavI rAkhavAnI kALajI batAvI che tathA te sarva hakIkatane (rara) ma. sA. I. pU. 657. (23) teja pustaka pR. 657.

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paricheda ] paDatInAM kAraNe tAdaza AviSkAra AvI zake mATe zilAlekho ane khaDakale kotarAvI mUkyA che, nahIM to to ItihAsanA pAne A pINuM baso varSane gALo paNa, aneka aitihAsika prAcIna maNakA- enI peDe, aMdhakAramaya, bhISama ane virATa svarUpa dhAraNa karatoja daSTigocara atyAre paDI rahyo heta. ane AvuM pracaMDa zakitazALI sAmrAjya tUTI paDavAnAM dArUNa kAraNarUpa, paNa dekhAvamAM najIvA dekhAtAM chatAM pariNAme atibhayaMkara evAM, be nimitaja-eka sAmAjIka kusaMpa ane bIje dhArmika saM524-sAmAjIka kasaMpa eke samrATa subhAgasena ane kAzmirapati jAlauka te bane ekaja mAbApanA putro hovA chatAM, pitAnI rAjadvArI mahattA vadhAre che ema mAnI aMdara aMdara spardhA karavA lAgyA hatA ane aMte nAne bhAI (eTale jAlauka ) moTAbhAInI (eTale subhAgasenanI) AjJAmAMthI nIkaLI javAno vicAra karI parApUrvathI cAlI AvatI aMkita bhAvanAno pote upAsaka ane piSaka banI beThA hatA. A pramANe teNe potAnuM svataMtra rAjya kAzmiranA pradezamAM sthApyuM ane pazcAta dhIme dhIme tene vadhAravA mAMDayuM. tema vaLI dhArmika kusaMpa e ke mahArAjA priyadarzinanI dhammabhAvanA tyajI daIne samrATa subhAgasene dharmAdhapaNane seTe pheravavA mAMDe hato (je ApaNe AgaLa joIzu) AvI akaeNti bhAvanA je keTalAya jamAnA thayAM adyApi paryata suSupta dazAmAM paDelI hatI te mauryasAmrAjayanA kamabhAgya zAM kAraNe ekAeka bahAra nIkaLI AvI ? tAtkAlika kAraNa game te hoya-je ke te ApaNe bahu uDA utarIne tapAsa karavA nathI nIkaLI paDavuM-paNa temAM kAMIka saMgatidoSa " naimittika banyuM hoya (24) hiMdamAM hAlaje svataMtratAnuM yuddha cAlI rahyuM che tene paNa AvAMja be kAraNe zuM nathI dekhAtAM ? (1) sarakAra ane mahAsabhA; te be pArTI vacce sAmAjIka adhi. kAra bhegavavAnI spardhA ane dhArmikamAM hindu musalamAna temaja anya hiMdI janatA vacce ubhe thatuM dhArmikarUpa kusaM5; AvAM be kusaMpanuM pariNAma zuM Ave te lakhavA karatAM kalpI levuM saheluM che, (25) ahIM meM sahedara lakhyA che chatAM banavA bega cheke kadAca, banenI mAtA apara paNa hoya paNa baMne mahArAja priyadarzinanA putre te hatAja eTale sagA bhAIo lekhIne meM sahedara gaNAvyA che. ( 26 ) jyAre " svataMtratA, svataMtratA " ema dareka manuSyane jIvana maMtra thaI jAya che tyAre te svataMtratA kema meLavavI teja ati mahatvane savAla darekanA magajamAM guMjArava karI rahe che. ane ekadA je vyaktigata A bhAvanAne janma thaI gayo te pachI kALAMtare tene samaSTigatarUpa dhAraNa karatAM vAra lAgatI nyI. ane samaSTinuM rUpa pakaDayuM ke pachI turata tenuM rASTa bhAvanAmAM pariNamana thaI jAya che. Ama uttara banyuM jAya che. prathama bIjamAMthI vRkSa ane pachI phaLa, ane pAchuM phaLamAMthI bIja ane temAMthI vRkSa ane pAchuM jemaphaLa thAya che, tema action, reaction nA niyama abAdhitapaNe A samasta saMsAranuM cakra eka aradhaTa nyAye pragati karyeja jAya che teja pramANe keMdritabhAvanA ane akeMdritabhAvanAnuM paNa samajI levuM. A samaye pAzcAtya saMskRtithI raMgata thayela na prajanuM rAjya ekabAju hatuM ane bIjI bAju paryAya ane Arya saMskRtithI raMgAyeluM, jAlaMkanuM kAzmiranuM rAjya hatuM. yena pradeze svataMtratA dhAraNa karI ke bhale kane paNa svataMtra thavAnI pipAsA pragaTI. kAraNake pitAnA pitAnA rAjya amala daramyAna teNe kAzmiramAM keTalAya vakhatathI sUbA tarIke kAmakAja karyuM hatuM ane te samaya daramyAna pADazI enaprAnA samAgamamAM Avo ja rahyo hato. A kAraNane lIdhe meM saMgatiSanI upamA ApI. che. bAkI te upara jaNAvI gayA chIe tema action ane reaction te te A saMsAracakanI gati abAdhita Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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maurya sAmrAjyanI [ viSama ema dekhAya che kharUM. kemake pAseja na pradeza te khasI gayo tyAre jAlake potAne bahu ke je mahArAjA priyadarzinanI sAthe mitrAcA- vistAravA mAMDyo ane kramAnukrame jAlaMdhara, rInI gAMDathI joDAyala hatA, tyAM yugeDImase ludhI AnA ane aMbAlAvALo pradeza jItI, svataMtra banI potAnI sattA jamAvI hatI ane dIlhIvALA prAMtomAM utarI, TheTha kAnyakubaja sudhI 27 kAbulanA raste thaIne hiMda upara AkramaNa karavuM pitAnI ANa phelAvI dIdhI. Ama jyAre mAnA kayAranuM zarU paNa karI dIdhuM hatuM. temaja dhImedhIme jaNyA bhAIe ja, rAjyavistAra dabAvI devA paMjAbane mulaka jItI laI kAMIka paga daDo paNa mAMDayo tyAre, hiMdanI pazcime dUra daranA prAMtavALA karyo hato, paNa A navA jItAyelA pradezamAM rAjavIo jevA ke aphagAnistAna ane balucipote je thANuM nAMkhIne rahe to potAno deza stAnanI aDoaDa AvelA, IrAnI samrATa paNa bahu dUra paDI jAya ane kadAca duzmananA hAthamAM kAMi AvelI taka javAde tevA bhoLA na ja hAI-uttare kAzmIra ane dakSiNe anya hiMdI rAja- zake. eTale temaNe paNa pitAnI paDosanA mulake vIonA mulaka vacce-gherAI jaI potAnA jIvana hAiyAM karavA mAMDyA. AvI rIte, mahArAjA bhoga ApavAnI sthitimAM AvI paDe to priyadarzinanuM sAmrAjya je eziAI turkastAnanA zuM thAya che te pramANe lAMbI najara pahoMcADI TheTha siriyA prAMtanA dariyA kinArA sudhI sIdhI kAca baMdobasta karI te pAcho potAnA dezamAM ke ADakatarI rIte laMbAyuM hatuM te badhuM ekadama cAlyo gayo hato. jo ke paMjAbanI uttaramAM tUTI paDyuM eTale ke tenI pazcimanI hada have to AvelA kAzmirane sara karI levA, tenI najara satalaja nadInA kinArA sudhI ja AvIne aTakI kema cUkI haze te prazna hAla turata te aMdhArAmAM paDI hatI. bIjI bAju rAjapUtAnA ane ja rahela gaNAya. paNa mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che saurASTranA prAMta ke jenI prajA i. sa. pU. pAMcamA ke kAMte (1) hiMda upara AkramaNa lAvavAmAM saikAmAM, siMdhamAMthI ane zakasthAna taraphathI kAzmira kAMI ADuM ja AvatuM nahotuM. te to AvIne 28 rAjapUtAnAmAM have TharIThAma beThI uttaramAM rahI jatuM hatuM. (2) athavA te kAzmira hatI tenA upara kAMIka dhArmika damadamATInI pati jAlauka vizeSa bAhubaLI ane parAkramI tene asara lAgavAthI mAthuM ucakavAne talapApaDa banI lAge hovo joIe. eTale pariNAma e AvyuM ke rahI hatI. paNa nirNAyaka hovAthI manamAne prathama te yugeDImesane kaI sAmano karanAra manamAM dhuMdhavAI rahI hatI. 29 temaja dakSiNa ke hAtha dekhADanAra maLyo ja nahIM ane jyAre hiMdamAM je aneka rAjyo svataMtra ke ardhasvataMtra paNe abAdhita kALathI cAleja jAya che ane cAle paNa javAnI, temAM koIne doSa devAnuM kAraNa nathI. mAtra te samaye pravartatI je sthiti hoya che tene nimitta tarIke AgaLa karAya che teTaluM ja. (27) jao uparanA pRo lakhela hakIkata (28) A ridhati zeDeka aMgo, je kudaratI Aphata jesalamIranuM raNa banAvI dIdhu hatuM tene lIdhe paNa thaI hatI; tema keTaleka aMze irAnI zahenazAhatamAMthI praja chUTIne paNa hiMdamAM AvI hatI (pachI AjIvikAnA miSathI te paryaTana thavA pAmyuM hoya ke tyAMnA zahenazAhanA keI julmathI-te te ItihAsanna vidvAne pUrI pADaze) (29) je prana pachIthI prasaMga maLatAM kSaharATa kSatrapa bhUmakanA kAbumAM AvI hatI : je kSatrapa prathama bekIana saradAra DimerIasa ane minenDaranI ANamAM

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pariccheda ] paDatInAM kAraNe paNe rAjya karatAM hatAM temAM aMdhrapati je sauthI vadhAre parAkramI, joradAra ane bhAre mAthAne hata te prathama taddana svataMtra thaI gayo ane celA, pAMcA, kadaMba, keralaputa Adi ardha svataMtra rAjya je maurya samrATanI jAtine bhAyAte ja hatA, teone A aMdhrapatinI svataMtratAne cepa lAgavAthI teoe paNa, Avela prasaMgane lAbha laI pitApitAnI hadamAM svataMtra thaI javA mAMDayuM. temanA manamAM bIjI eka nirbhayatA e hatI ke teo avaMtipatinI hadathI eTalA badhA dUra AvelA che ke tyAM sudhI avaMtipati AvI paNa nahIM zake, ane kadAca AvavA prayatna karaze te paNa prathama te tene, vacce Avela pradezanA mahAparAkramI evA zatavahana vaMzI sAthe ja yuddhamAM utaravuM paDaze; ane tene hisAba patAvI dIdhA pachI ja pitAne vAro AvavAne che. tyAM sudhI te aneka varSo vItI jaze ane keTaluM ya parivartana thaI jaze. hata paNa minenDaranA mRtyu pachI hiMdamAM kaI tene vArasadAra na rahevAthI, pote ja mahAkSatrapa banI, A sarve mana upara potAno rAjya amala sthApI rAjya karavA maMDa hato (juo paradezI AkramaNakAro ane kSatranA prakaraNa nIcenI hakIkata) athavA bIjI rIte paNa A sthiti udbhavI hoya ema vicArI zakAya che. te evI rIte, ke bhUmaka pate ja zakAnamAMthI utarI Avela prajAne saradAra hoya, paNuM uparamAM anumAna derI batAvyo che tema bekaTrIana prajAne ke DimeTrosane saradAra na paNa hoya. eTale ke tyAM paDapAtharyo badhI rAjakIya sthiti nihALI rahyo hoya, ane jyAre uttara hiMdamAM bekaTrIana saradAra minenDaranuM maraNuM thayuM ane tene kaI vArasadAra na rahyo eTale jema tenA bIna saradAra, jevAke saMDAsano pitA rAjIvula vigere mahAkSatrapa banI beThA hatA tema A bAju bhUmake paNa pitAne A pradezane ( bhinnamAlavALo pradeza je hAlanA jodhapura ane zirohI rAjya tathA rAjaputAnAne bhAga gaNAya che tene ) mahAkSatrapa jAhera karI dIdhe hoya.A pramANe eka citra mArA manamAM khaDuM thayuM hatuM, paNa tenI viruddhamAM be kAraNe maLatAM te vicAra paDato mUkavo paDayo che ane upara jaNAvela nirNaya upara ja AvavuM paDayuM che. je be kAraNe hatAM te A pramANe (1) bhUmaka ane nahapANanA sikAnA akSara saharATanI lipine maLatA Ave che, ane kSaharATa bhASA te beja pradezanI hevAnuM ApaNe jIvI gayA chIe (sarakhA pANinInA samayanI bhASA vigerenI samajuti pu. 1, pR. 29 tathA pu. 2. pR. 27) eTale te zakajhana karatAM kSaharATa hovAne vizeSa saMbhava che. (2) mahAkSatrapa rAjulanI paTarANue mathurAnA siMha stupa (Lion-illar) nI pratiSThA samaye badhA saradAranuM saMmelana kevuM hatuM ane temAM pramukha tarIke kSatrapa nahapAne (bhUmaka mahAkSatrapanA temaja kSaharATa prajAnA paNa pratinidhi tarIke) niyukta karyo hatuM. A pramANe kayAre bane ke sarve eka ja patinI praja hoya te, nahIM ke bhinna bhinna; eTale mAnI levuM ja rahe che ke bhUmaka pate kSaharATa prajAne saradAra hatuM ane tethI ja dezanA ja vatanI hovI joIe. ane je teTaluM nakkI thayuM te pachI dekhItuM ja che ke tene ane kSaharATa minenDarane paNa rAjakIya saMbaMdha hoI zake. eTale pachI e ja anumAna daravuM paDe che ke DimeTIasa ane minenDara jyAre hiMdamAM AvyA tyAre temanI sAthe ja bhamaka paNa Avyo che joIe, ane jema temaNe anya saradArane amuka prAMta upara niyukta karyA hatA tema A bhUmakane paNa bhinnamAla pradeza upara (madhyadeza upara) niyata karyo hate. (A hakIkatane bhUmakanA caritra uparathI tathA teNe vAparela saMvatasarathI samarthana maLe che. juo AgaLa upara tenuM varNana) (30) sarakhA A vastusthiti sAthe pu. 1, pR. 313 uparanI hakIkata, jyAM magadhapatithI kaliMgapati ane dakSiNanAM nAnAM nAnAM rAje svataMtra kema thaI gayAM hatAM te hakIkta darzAvI che.

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12 dakSiNa hiMdanA eka yA bIjA ema sarve mukhya mukhya rAjyakartAnI maneAdazA AvA ne AvA prakAranI prava MtI thai rahI hatI. tevI ja sthiti pUrva hidanA magadha prAMtAmAM paNa thaI rahI hatI. tyAM te| mau vazanI ja zAkhA rAjya karatI hatI, chatAM jema kAzmiramAM te ja mauryavaMzanI mukhya zAkhAnA rAjakuMvara jAlauke pAtAnu svataMtra rAjya sthApyuM hatuM, tema ahIMnI zAkhAmAM utarI AvatA rAjyabhAyAtAe paNa, avaMtithI svataMtra thaI javAmAM kAMi khATuM thAya che evu dekhyu nahIM. 31 matalaba ke atinI rAjagAdI Ama cAre dizAthI rAjakIya sattAnI keMdrita bhAvanAnA prabaLa mALanI bhabhukI javALAthI viTaLAI rahI hatI. maurya sAmrAjyanI A pramANe rAjyanA khaMDa karavAnI bhAvanA Ugra banI rahI hatI, temAM je bIjI' kAraNa ApaNe AgaLanA pAna upara jaNAvyu che te dhArmika sa Mpe paNa khaLatA agnimAM dhRta homavAnI garaja sArI hatI. te prasaMga nIce pramANe upasthita thavA pAmyA hatA. rAta subhAgasena, pahelAM teA janmathI samrATa priyadazinanAra pote yuvarAja hatA ja nahIM, eTale jyAre rAjakuTuMbanA kuvAne devakumAre| tarIke ( 31 ) A praderA svataMtra thayA hatA tenI sAbitI e uparathI jaNAro ke zu'gavalI amalamAM samrATa agnimitre A magadha upara caDAI karI hatI. (jIA agnimitranI hakIkate ) ( 12 ) paNa yuvarAjane mahArAjra priyadarine pAtaHnA rAjya amalanI rArUAtamAM athavA koika kALe, aTale ke peAtAnA rAjya amala daramyAna anya prade rAmAM ( dhaNuM karIne tariAlAmAM) nagela baLavA samAvavA mAkalavA paDayA hatA, jyAM tenuM khUna thaI gayuM hatuM eTale A subhAgasena yuvarAjanI padavIe Aje hate. ( jIe pu. 2. pR. 296) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ 14ma samrATa priyadarzine bhinna bhinna prAtAmAM sUbA nImyA hatA tyAre A subhAgasenane pazcima hiMdanI aDe|aDa Avela sarahadanA je 33 prAMte| avatinI ANumAM hatA tenA tene mUtrA nImyA hatA. eTale tane yuvarAjanI jokhamabharelI padavI dIpAvavA je rAjakIya tAlIma levI joitI hatI te meLavavAnA yAga sAMpaDyo nahAtA; temaja samrATa priyadarzinanA alakArarUpa thaI paDelI dharmasahiSNutAnA guNa peAtAnAmAM khIlavI zakayA nahAtA, are ! bilkula nahAtA ema kahIe te paNa cAle. adhUrAmAM pUrNa tene evA pradeza upara adhikAra bhogavavAnA yeAga maLyA hatA ke je prAMtAnI prazna ghaNI jAtanI eTale paMcaragI hatI ane svabhAve vakra, jussAmAM Ugra ane vanamAM kAMika nirakuza hovAthI mULA subhAgasenane potAnA manasvI tAra pramANe amala calAvavAnI ane te pramANe prakRti baMdhAi javAnI saraLatA thai paDI hatI. AvA saMyeAgAmAM je rAjakumAra ucharelA hoya tenAmAM rAjapadane phrema Ape tevA keTalAya ki'matI sadguNAno abhAva rahI javA pAme te svabhAvika che. eTale jyAre te gAdIpati banyA tyAre pote kAMi yuvAna vayano tA nahAtA ja, (33) A prAMtA samrATa aro!ka nyAyI selyu sa nIkaTAranI kanyAne paraNyA hatA tyArathI magadhanI ANAmAM AvyA hatA. ( 34 ) A prAMtamAM tenI pazcimethI asala IrAnI prazna AvIne vasI hatI eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa sika Mdara rAhunA Agamana pachI keTalIka cavana prazna paNa tyAM rahI hatI te, temaja uttare Avela bekaTrIyana prazna, kAbula praderAnI kharI prazna, balucisthAnavALA bhAganI rAka prazna, ema aneka prajAnu mizraNa thaI gayuM hatu, tethI meM temane paMcaraMgI praznanuM nAma ApyuM che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] paDatInA kAraNe UlaTe prauDha vayamAM paNa sArI rIte AgaLa vadhI yaha bahuta hAnikAraka ho jAtA hai. yadi rAjyagayo hata;35 chatAM upara varNavAyelI paristhitine zakti kisI vizeSa dharmaka pakSa le, taba te lIdhe ja, tenAmAM je ke sajajana mAbApanA putra anarthakI koI sImA hI nahIM rahetI. azoka tarIke bhale durgaNoe vAsa naha karyo, paNa rAjyazaktise bauddhadharmakA ( priyadarzine jainadharma saguNono abhAva te rahI javA pAmyuM hatuM, kA-ema zabda vAMcavA joIe) pracAra nahIM jethI karIne rAjadhurAnI prApti thayA bAda tarata ja karanA cahAtA thA che vaha pAse saba dharmo ke teNe manasvIpaNe potAnI prajAne sattAnA darathI sAmAnya ucca takA grahaNa karatA thA, para dharma pratyeka deravavAnA upAya javA mAMDyA isa ucca bhAvake pichale samrATa sthira na rakha hatA. tenA manamAM emaja phurI AvyuM hatuM ke zake. unhane vizeSa dharmokA pakSapAta karanA tenA pitA mahArAjA priyadarzine je yaza ane zarU kara diyA che te vidvAna lekhakanA zabdonuM kIrti meLavI che tene paNa je pite TapI jAya avataraNa, meM upara pramANe je sthiti varNavI to sAruM, ane tethI tenA cile ja cAlyA jAuM; batAvI che tene bahu satya TharAve che. tema ApaNane paNa samrATa priyadarzinanA hAthatALe tAlIma nahIM paNuM bhAratavarSanA itihAsamAM auraMgajhebanA ane lIdhelI hevAthI tathA tenI rAjanItithI bIna- romanA itihAsanA rAjA konsanTAinanA dharmAdhavAkepha hevAthI, AMkha mIMcIne dharmAdhANAno paNanA daSTAMtathI tenI sAbitI maLe che. temaja keyaDo vIMjhavA mAMDyo hata, but having been tethI UlaTuM vartana karavAthI, eTale ke prajAnA neither trained under Priyadarshin dharmanI vacce bIlakula hastakSepa na karavAthI nor being aware of his intentions rAjyasattA keTale daraje prakAraMjanane yaza and policy he had ruthlessly follow- khATI jAya che teno purAvo paNa bhAratIya ed religious terrorism, eTale tenI itihAsamAM mahArANI vikaTorIyAnA I. sa. ane tenA pitAnI rAjanItimAM "davA eka, paNa 1858 nA yAdagAra saMdezAmAMthI ane samrATa pathya juduM" tenA jevI sthiti hovAthI, pari- akabaranA jIvanacaritramAMthI ApaNane maLI NAma bhinna ja AvyuM ane tenI saghaLI prajA Ave che. paNa bicArA subhAgasenanA nazIbamAM asaMtuSTa banI gaI. uparanA ja graMthakAra lakhe tenA nAma pramANe rAjyaprAptinuM saubhAgya jo che ke "yadi dharmakA durUpayoga kiyA jAya 8to ke lakhyuM hatuM kharuM, paNa tene pacAvI jANavAnuM (35) juo. pu. 2 citrapaTa naM. 5 mAM naM. 93 ne siko tathA pR. 128 mAM tenuM varNana. te uparathI te UlaTuM ema paNa samanaya che ke tenI umara lagabhaga sATha varSanI hade pahoMcI haze. (36) juo ogaLa upara, (37) me. sA. I. pR. 671. (38) vartamAna kALe samasta hiMdamAM kemI bhAvanAnAM je mULa pAtAM jAya che te paNa AvA dhamabheda upara ja racAyAM che ane tethI tene kemIbhedanuM nAma Ape ke dhamabhedanuM nAma Apo paNa te bane sarakhAM ja che. AvA dhamabhedanuM pariNAma kevuM AvI zake, te A TekANe vavAtI paristhiti sAthe sarakhAve. tenuM bIjuM dRSTAMta ApaNA bhAratIya itihAsamAM egala samrATa auraMgajhebane samayano rAjyakALa pUruM pADe che. ( sarakhA uparanI TIka naM. 17). (39) A sUtra dareka rAjakartA kAma dhaDo levA vevya gaNAze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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12 maurya sAmrAjyanI [ SaSama sAmartha vidhie arpaNa karyuM nahotuM. eTale pariNAma viparIta AvyuM hatuM ane je rahyAsahA nAnA pradeza upara tenI rAjyasattA TakI rahI hatI, tenI prajAmAM paNa tenA nitya jIvanamAM uga ja taravaryA karato hato. dakSiNApathamAM paNa lagabhaga tevI ja sthitiprajAdharmane aMge kahe te cAle-parivartI-rahI hatI. tyAMne samrATa zatavahanavaMzI sAtame purUSa jene zAtakaraNI bIje kahevAya che te paNa avaMtipati subhAgasena je ja ghamaMDI rAjavI hatuM. te te gAdIe AvyuM tyAre subhAgasenanI peThe AdheDa umarane nahIM, paNa bIlakula ucharatI vayane yuvaka hatuM, eTale soTo pheravavAnI ja rAjayanIti calAvavAnI vRttivALo hato, paNa te samaye tenA subhAge avaMtipati tarIke mahArAjA priyadarzinane tenA upara aMkuza hato; ke je khUda priyadarzinanA kaliMgadezanA khaDaka upara pite ja kotarAvAyelA zilAlekhathI ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe; kemake temaNe kaliMgapati zAta- karaNIne jabarajasta hAra khavarAvIne pitAnA Adhipatya nIce Apyo hato.40 eTale jyAM sudhI priyadarzina jIvato rahyo, tyAM sudhI te bahu bhayaMkara pariNAma AvatuM aTakI paDayuM hatuM; paNa priyadarzina raNuM I. sa. pU. 290 mAM thatAM ja te niraMkuza banI gaye. vaLI temAM avaMtipati subhAgasenane rAjyakArabhAra nabaLo je, eTale avaMtipatinA svAmitvanI jhuMsarI pheMkI daI teNe pine je vaidika dharma aMgikAra karyo hato tene ja pracAra karavA maMDI paDyA. ane AnaMdamAM ne AnaMdamAM teNe eka azvamedha paNa karI vALyo. pachI avaMtine sara karavA najara doDAvI. khUba lAvalazkara sAthe vidizAujanI para caDAI laI gayo ane rAja subhA senane harAvI ( kadAca te laDAImAM subhAgasena bharAye paNa haze) eka vakhata mATe pote avaMtipati banI paNa beThe ane tenI khuzAlImAM tyAM eka bIjo azvamegha yajJa paNa karyo. uparAMta te sthaLe moTe vijayastaMbha ropIne tenuM saghaLuM kharca tyAMnI prajA pAsethI vasula karyuM. ane subhAgasenanI gAdI upara tenA ja putra ke baMdhu bRhapatimitrane43 besArIneeTale ke pote je ujainapatine khaMDiye hato te ja ujanapatine sAmo potAno khaMDiyo banAvine, potAnA deza-dakSiNApathamAM pAcho pharyo. -- ---- ----- (40) sudarzana taLAvanI prazastimAM paNa A ja banAvano paDaghA paDAya che, ke be vakhata teNe potAne hAtha dakSiNApathanA svAmine batAvI Ape hato. (41) tenA pUrvajone janadharma hate paDyuM tene rAjya purohita pataMjalI mahAzayanA dharmopadethI teNe vedika dharma aMgikAra karyo haze ema samajAya che athavA ema paNa hoya ke, Action ane Reaction nA siddhAMta mujaba, je jainadharma mahArAja priyadarinanA samaye ekadama zirAbhAge paheryo hato tenuM patana saravuM ja hatuM eTale AvAM kAraNe UbhAM thavAM pAmyAM hatAM. (kemake eka vastunI unnati thatAM thatAM eka divase-Zenith-uduSTa avasthAe pahoMce ja, ane Zenith AvI eTale tenAthI uMcuM te javAnuM hoya ja nahIM, pachI te sthira rahe ke paDavA mAMDe : bemAMthI eka thavuM ja joIe.) jema sUryodaya thayA bAda te madhyAnha uparI bhAge AkAzamAM Ave che ane te pachI kame kame te nIce utarate jAya che tema. (42) jue vihirane vijayastaMbha tathA te uparanA zilAlekha (43) A mAnyatAmAM keTalAka pheraphAra pAchaLathI karyo che, paNa khare zuM heI zake te vicArI nakkI karavA jevI sAmagrI maLI zakI nathI; tethI emane ema Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] ane te ujainapati pAtAnA sAmuM mAthuM uMcakI na zake tenI takedArI rAkhavA potAnA ja vaidikadharmI eka amaladArane-nAme puSyamitrane-te rAjyanA mukhya senAdhipati tarIke mUkatA gayA. A pramANe dakSiNApathanA svAmI zatakaraNI khIjAnuM dharmAMdhapaNuM' paNa, jo ke cAve caDayu hatuM, chatAMye te bahu parAkramI hovAne lIdhe ceDA vakhata te| nabhI rahyuM hatu; jyAre rAjA subhAgasenA nabaLA paDI javAthI--nAnA pradezanA ja svAmI thai javAthI-kemake tenA rAjya kuTubanA nakhIrAe ja bhAgalA pADI nAMkhyA hatA; eTale tenA dharmo dhapaNAnuM Tahu teA cAlI zakayuM ja nahetu. A banAva ma. sa, 299=. sa. pU. 228 mAM banyA hatA. rAjA subhAgasenanI jagyAe bRhaspatimitra avatipati tarIke AvyA ane ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke je maurya sAmrAjyanI kIti eka vakhata diga MtavyApI banI rahI hatI te ja mauya sAmrAjya mAtra eka dazakA jeTalA TUMkA kALamAM ja ( daza varSoMnI aMdara ja ) e mukhya kusuparUpI daityanAkuTuba kaleza ane dharmadedhanA--khapparamAM sapaDAI dharAzAyI thaI javA pAmyuM hatuM. (6 thI9) bRhaspatimitra AdicAra rAjAo. r subhAgasenanA amalane kevA savhegAmAM aMta Avyo ane tenI jagyAe kema bRhaspatimitra gAdIpati thavA pAmyA te sa ApaNe uparamAM joI gayA chIe. tema tenA pachI keNu kANa rAjA thavA pAmyA che tathA temanA amala paDatInAM kAraNeA lakhANa tevIne tevI hAlate rAkhI mUkayu che. sabhava che ke bRhaspatimitranu nAma ja rada karavu paDaro ane subhAgasenaneA amala i. sa. pU. 301 mAM samApta thayA hatA ema gaNavu paDaze, ( 44 ) purANakAroe A samayathI puSpamitrane Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 13 kaiTaleA keTaleA kALa cAlI zakayA che te viSenA vicArA paNa ApaNe pu. khIjAmAM mauyavazatA prAraMbha karatAM tAvI gayA chIe tathA tenI kaMika aMze carcA paNa karI cUkayA chIe eTale piSTapeSaNa karavA atre jarUra nathI. paNa temanA amala daramyAna je kAMi aitihAsika ghaTanAe banI gayAnu jaNAyu che te ja te cAre rAjAenA samUhanA ekatra rAjyakALa che ema gaNIne samagrapaNe ja vivecana karIzuM. cr vaidika dharmAnuyAyI sainyapati puSyamitranA hAthamAM rAjyanA mukhya saMcAlaka tarIkenI lagAma AvavAthI, temaja peAtAne zAtakaraNI jevA prabhAvavaMtA ane zaktizALI bhUpatinuM pIThabaLa hovAthI, te paNa potAnA dharmAdhapaNAnA tAra nIce paDavA de tema nahAtA ja. te avaMtinA pradezamAM eka lAkaDIe hAMkye rAkhavA maMDyo. teTalAmAM zAtakaraNI dakSiNapatinuM bharaNu i. sa. pU 226=ma, sa 901 mAM thayu, eTale pote have taddana niraMkuza thatAM, bRhaspatimitrane uDADI mUkI-ke bhArI nAMkhIne-rAya lagAma hAthamAM levAnI dhAraNA dharatA hatA. paNa zAtakaraNInA je putra tenA maraNa bAda dakSiNapati thayA tenuM rAjyazakaTa krama cAle che te nihALyA bAda koipaNa pagaluM bharavu hoya teA bharavuM te DIka gaNAze. ema dhArI pote mahAamAtyapada dhAraNa kayu 44 ane peAtAnA putrane ( je samaya jatAM agnimitra tarIke dhRtihAsamAM prasiddha thayA che) peAtAnA sthAne sainyapati banAvyA; paNa dakSiNApathapati kaIka aMze jorAvara rAna mAnI lIdhe che ane tene rAjyatva samaya gaNavA mAMDayo che. jo ke sattAmAM te te rAkha jevA ja hatA, chatAM dekhAvamAM te te rAjyanA karmacArI-nRtya ja hatA. mAtra zane paNa bhRtya gaNAya tema zAtatrahanavaMzane paNa nRtya gaNAya. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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14 aurya sAmrAjyanI [ SaSTama dekhAvAthI pitAnI dhAraNA bara na lAvI zakyA ane jema cAlatuM hatuM temane tema gADuM gabaDAvye rAkhyuM. have dakSiNapatio eka pachI eka mAtra nAmadhArI ja AvatA gayA, paNa puSyamitra pite vRddhapaNAe pahoMcI gayo hato eTale vizeSa kArya sAdhaka pagalAM bharI zake tema nahatuM; paNa tene putra je have tene sthAne anaMtipati mauryone sainmapati banyo hato teNe pitAne lokhaMDI bAhu, rAjakAryamAM temaja prajA upara potAne vaidika dharma kasAvavAnA kAryamAM vAparavAnuM kamI rAkhyuM nahIM, Ama karatAM karatAM ma. saM. 3ra3=I. sa. pU. ra04 nI sAla AvI pahoMcI. te kALa daramyAna uttara hiMdamAM ekadama uttare, priyadarzinano putra rAjA jAlauka je kAzmIrapati banyo hato tathA je TheTha kAnyakubaja sudhI potAnuM rAjya laMbAvI zakayo hato, tenuM mRtyu paNa te arasAmAM ja eTale ke Azare bha. saM. 320=I. sa. pu. 207 mAM thayuM hatuM, eTale tenI pachI tenI gAdIe tene putra dAmodara Avyo hato. te jema nabaLo paNa nahote tema tenA pitA jevo atula parAkramI paNa nahato, eTale hiMdukuzanI pelI pAranA dezanA rAja vIo-bekaTrIana prajAnA saradAro ke jemaNe adyApi paryata hiMda upara avAranavAra caDhI AthI mAtra dhanasaMcaya karIne pAchA svavatana tarapha cAlI javAnuM dhoraNuM rAkhyuM hatuM, temaNe vizeSa pramANamAM, pazcima hiMdane daravAjo gaNAtA pezAvara pAsenA pahADI ghATanA raste. hiMda upara AvavAnuM zarU karI dIdhuM; kemake agni- mitranI ane puSyamitranI dharmapracAranItinI johukamIthI tathA damananItithI prajAmAM tIvra asaMtapa prasarI rahyo hato. temaNe zarUAtamAM to mAtra paMjAbano mulaka ja sara karI lIdho hato paNa dhIme dhIme jAlaukanA putra dAmodaranI sattA je kAzmIrathI mAMDIne kAnyakuMja sudhI pravartI rahI hatI tenA sarve pradeza pitAne svAdhIna karI lIdhA; ane eTale sudhI prabaLa rAjyasattA jamAvI dIdhI ke AkharamAM aMti upara dabANa lAvavA jevI sthiti UbhI karI dIdhI. A sthiti, lazkarI bhagavALA avaMtisenyapati agnimitrathI dekhatI AMkhe nIbhAvI levA jevI lAgI nahIM, eTale pitAnA namAlA rAjavI bRhadrathane 45 samajAvyuM ke ApaNe A dhasI AvatA yavana humalAono sAmano jhIlavAne lazkara sArI rIte taiyAra karI rAkhavuM je.e; ane tene mATe lazkarI kavAyata vigerenI zista ApI keLavavI paNa joIe; paNa te samaye eTale ke kavAyata thatI hoya tyAre Apa nAmadAranI hAjarI je hoya nikamAM ora utsAha ane jema pragaTa thAya. AvI rIte lazkarI kavAyata goThavI dIdhI ane nitya | niyamAnusAra te kArya cAlavA mAMDayuM. ekadA prasaMga sAdhIne teNe kavAyata cAlI rahI hatI te samaye rAjA bRhadrathanuM zIra talavAranA jhaTakethI uDAvI dIdhuM. ane je bhUtya (rAjyanA nakara ) tarIkenuM kalaMka pitAnA athavA pitAnA pitAnA lalATe ceTI rahyuM hatuM te TALI nAMkhI, pote ja svataMtra rIte avaMtipati banI, rAjyadhurA grahaNa karI lIdhI; ane potAnA zuMgavaMzanI sthApanA karI. ma. saM. 323-I. sa. 5 204. A pramANe mauryavaMzanI samApti thaI mauryavaMzanA rAjAonI nAmAvalImAM, (45) sarakhA pu. 2. mAM pR. 136-37 upara mAryavaMzanA vane prAraMbhamAM, tenI nAmAvaLI tathA vaMzAvaLAnI beThavaNavALI hakIkatanuM varNana. (46) pu. bIjamAM pR. 135 upara maryavaMzI

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15 pariccheda ] paDatInAM kAraNe dareka graMthakAre jUnAdhika karI hovI joIe; jyAre baMdhu pAlita nAmanI ikapAlita aMze A be rAjAonAM vyakti rAjapadavI prApta karavAne bhAgyazALI thaI ane -adrazAlita ane baMdhu- paNa heya vA na paNa thaI hoya, paNa jarUra baMdhupAlitanI pAlitanAM-nAmono samA- teNe rAjakAjamAM te bhAga lIdho hovo ja joIe. vicAraNuM veza46 karela che ja. chatAM A pramANe te be zabdone, vyutpatti pramANe temanI ApaNe je nAmAvali zodhI paraspara sthiti sUcavato hoya e artha nIkaLe karIne zuddha tarIke pu. bIjAmAM pR. 137-8 che. have ApaNe vicAravuM rahe che ke A pramANenI upara goThavI che temAMthI A nAme bAtala ja paristhitimAM kayA kayA mauryavaMzI rAjakuMvaro ke karI dIdhA che. eTale vAcakavargamAMthI koI bhUpatione rAmAveza karI zakAya tema che. TheTha kAne prazna karavAnuM mana thaze ke AnuM kAraNa caMdragupta samrATathI mAMDIne bRhadratha sudhInA aneka zuM kAraNamAM eTaluM ja ke, A be nAme ka rAjAnAM temaja kuMvaranAM nAmothI tathA jIvanavyaktine khAsa lAgu pADI zakAya tema che, tene caritrothI have ApaNe vAkephagAra paNa thaI gayA kAMIpaNa nirNaya haju sudhI koIe karyo paNa nathI. chIe eTale te kArya saraLa jevuM to thaI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te viSaya paratve kiMcita gayuM ja kahevAze prayAsa Adaryo hoya ema paNa jaNAyuM nathI. azakavardhana sudhI to koIne te upanAma te pachI AvI anizcitAvasthAmAM ApaNe game lAgu pADavAmAM AvyAM ja nathI. je thayuM che te tene te nAma joDI devAM te ucita na ja gaNAya. pachInA samrATamAMthI ja, temAMnA ekanuM IdapAlita paNa zedhakhoLa khAtAnI rUDhi ja evI che ke prathama ane bIjAnuM baMdhupAlita nAma hovuM joIe. to aneka kalpanAo UbhI karAya ane pachI te temAMye je Ilita nAmanI vyakti najhIpaNe upara vicAraNuM zarU thAya; ane jema jema purAvA sAbita thaI jAya to pachI baMdhupAzita tarIkenI ane AdhAra maLatA jAya tema tema tenI carcA vyaktinI khoja to ApoApa ja maLI jaze. thAya, pachI UhApoha thAya ane tenI gANAne AvA baMdhu-baMdhu tarIkenAM joDalAM nAce aMte kharUM tAratamya hoya te caLAIne juduM pramANe ApaNI vicAraNA mATe judA pADI tAravI kaDhAya. AvA ja hetuthI ApaNane paNa keTa- zakIe tema dekhAya che. (1) samrATa azokanA leka aMze tenI vicAraNA atra karavAnI jarUra paDe che. be patro; dazaratha ane samrATa saMprati urphe priya IMdrapAlitano artha ema sUcave che ke te darzina (2) samrATa priyadarzina ane saurASTrane vyaktinuM pAlaNa IMdra jevI keIka daivI zaktithI sUbo zAlizuka (3) samrATa subhAgasena ane karAtuM rahyuM hovuM joIe; ane baMdhupAlita zabda tenI pachI gAdIe AvanAra bahaspatimitra ema sUcave che ke te pote to koIne nAno (4) zatadhanvA athavA zatadhanuSa ane bRhadratha bhAI ja haze. paNa tenA pAlaka tarIke, koI teno (5) kAzmirapati jAlauka temaja TIbeTanA sUbe viDIla baMdhu hevo joIe, ane A baMne kathana ane (6) bRhaspatimitra pachInA je bhAIomAM prathama pAlite rAjapadavI prAma be traNa rAjA thayA che temAMnA keIpaNa be. rAjanI vaMzAvaLImAM A nAma lakhyAM che. priyadaninA vRttAMta, rAjasthAvALI hakIkate tibeTanA (47) jue pu. 2 mAM pR. 355 upara samrATa pradezane lagatuM varNana,

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mA sAmrAjyanI 16 laie to IMdrapA AmAM (naM. 6)vALA koinu parAkrama ke jIvana ja pUrUM jaNAyu nathI ane sa aMdhakAramaya ja che tyAM kAI vicAraNA karavI te dhUmADAmAM bAcakA bharavA jevuM ja lekhAze. eTale tenA tyAga karavA rahe che. (na. 5 ) vALA baMnenI utpatti kAMIka daivI sa'jeMgamAM 48 thai hAya ema teA jarUra dekhAya che ja. paNa te khate ( je judI judI ja vyakti hAya tA ) eka ja samaye rAjaka cArIpaNe vatA dekhAyA che. eTale ekanI pachI khIje gAdIe AvyA hAya tema te na ja gaNI zakAya. ane jo te banne eka ja vyakti hoya teA tA IMdrapAlita ane pAlita ema be jaNanuM yuganna ja banatuM nathI; eTale tyAM paNa te kalpanA tUTI ya che. AvI rIte na, 5 nu yugala paNa ApaNI vicAraNAmAMdhI iMDI devuM paDaze. ( naM. 4 ) nuM yugala ( litanA nAmane sArthaka kare jIvanacaritra hoya te vize ApaNe te sudhI ajJAta ja chIe. ane tyAre ApaNe ja ajJAna sevIe chIe tyAre tevA kAcA pAyA upara kAI paNa hatanA anumAnAnuM ghaDatara lae teA kevaLa hAMsIpAtra ja darIe; mATe te yugalano paNa tyAga karavA ja ucita thai paDaze. ( naM. 1 ) nuM yugala lae chIe te, sa'pratinA janma kAMIka AzcaryakAraka sayAgamAM thaye lekhAya kharA, paNa dazaratha pote te saMprati karatAM umaramAM meTe ja hatA eTale hajI te gaNAya to darArthanA Azrita saMprati (meTA bhAInA Azrita nAnA bhAI hajI thaI zake paNa nAnA bhAine Azrita meTA tA haiAI ja na zake ) gaNAya; paNa sa'pratinA dazaratha / na ja hoI zake. vaLI bane jaNA tevuM khemAMthI ekenu hajI Azrita (48 ) jIA. pu. 2 nA aMte neDelAM pariASTa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ SaSThama samakAlonapaNe rAjagAdIe beThA che temaja pRthak pRthak mulaka upara rAbhyAdhikAra bhogavyo che. eTale te yugala paNa ApaNI vicAraNAnA kSetranI bahAra ja nIkaLI Aya che. A pramANe cha yugalamAMthI naM. 6, 5, 4 ane 1 nAM yugalA khAda thaI gayA, eTale have mAtra na. 2 ane na. 2 tapAsavAM rahyAM. naM. 3 mAM samrATa subhAgasena ane gRhaspatimitranuM yugala che ane naM. 2 mAM samrATa priyadarzina ane mULA zAztrizukanuM yugala che, have naM. 3 vize vicAra karIe. rAta subhAgasenanA janma kuvA sayAgamAM thayA hatA te bhale ApaNe naNatA nathI. paNa pote janmanI gaNunAthI yuvarAja na hovA chatAM, rAjapade birAjIta thavA pAmyA che eTale tene kAMka bhAgyareSAMkita kahI zakAya kharA. jethI ApaNe tene kadAca IMdrapAlitanuM birUda ApavA lalacAIe te haju kAMka aMze adhamerAtuM kahI zakAya. bAkI bRhapatimitra ne subhAgasenanA baMdhu athavA te sAdara hatA ke kema te kharI rIte te jaNAyuM nathI ja. mAtra tenuM nAma keTalAka graMthakArAe gaNAvyuM che eTale ApaNe paNa AgaLa dharavuM paDayuM che. paNuM ne te pramANe sagapaNanI gAMDa jevuM benI vacce hoya te| ApaNA viSayane aMge vizeSa tAvaNImAMthI-parIkSAmAMthI tenuM joDaku pasAra thai zake che ke kema te tapAsavuM ja rahe che. jevI kasoTInI parIkSAnA Arbha karIe chIe ke prathama tA rAkha subhAgasena ja IMdrapAlita tarIke pAsa thai zakatA nathI, kAraNa ke je vyakti pAlita hAya eTale ke jenI rakSA IMdra jevA mahaddhika devadevAnA deva-karatA hAya tene te| A masAramAM 4 mAM khelAtu rattAMta, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] kAthI bhaya pAmavAnuM ke DaravAnuM kAraNa ja na hAya; ane AvuM kAraNa ja na heAya te| pachI koinA hAthe parAjIta thavAnu` ke potAnA pUrvajoe meLavela AbarU ane cAnI dhULadhANI thAnA sahabhAgI thavA uparAMta, jIvana kalaMkita karavAnuM to tenA kapALe nirmAyaluM ja kayAMthI hAya ? jyAre subhAgasenatu jIvanavRttAMta tapAsIzuM tA yazaprAptine badale tenA nAmane te kalaMka upara kala`ka ja ceAMDhaye gayAM che. A pramANe naM. 3 nuM yugala paNa vavuM ja rahe che. eTale have vicAravuM rahyuM. kevaLa naM. 2 nu samrATa priyadarzina ane sUbA zAlizukanuM yugala. A khenI jyAre vicAraNA karavA besIe chIe ane temanAM jIvananA aneka muddA tapAsIe chIe tyAre te sarve, IMdrapAlita ane khaYpAlitanA ane ThIka ThIka rIte sAka karatA ane khadhakhesatA paNa dekhAya che. jemake saMpratinA janma paNa AzcaryakAraka rIte thayA che. vaLI janma thatAM ja tenA pitAneA sitArA paNa camakavA mAMDayA hatA ane pote 10 mAsanI nAnI vayamAM ja gAdIpati tarIke nirmANa thayeA hatA; temaja tenA rAjyanI kaLA paNa uttarAttara vadhatI ja cAlI che. vaLI teNe aneka rAjye hatI lai digvijaya prApta karyAM che, tema prajAvatsala hovAno yaza paNa vahArI lIdhA che. vaLI tenu rAjya paNa suMdara rIte dIrdhakALa paryaMta TakI rahyuM che. Ama je je muddo laine vicArIe chIe, te te darekamAM te iMdrapAlita nAmane dhanya ja pUravAra karI batAvI Ape che. jyAre sUbA zAlizunuM jIvana vicArIe chIe tyAre tA spaSTa dekhAya che ke te potAnA vaDIla baMdhunI paDatInAM kAraNA (49) jIe pu. 2 mAM pR. 299 nI hakIkata, 3 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 17 zItaLa chAyAmAM ja AdithI aMta sudhI rahevA pAmyA che. yuvAvasthAmAM mamatAbharyAM Thapako paNa potAnA baMdhunA hAthe ja khAdheA che, temaja saurASTanA sUbA paNa tenA ja hukamane lIdhe banyA che. vaLI peAtAnA kAkAnA putra ane magadhapati kumAra dazarathanuM maraNa thatAM pote je magadhapati banavA pAmyA che te paNa A potAnA vaDIla N mahArAjA priyadarzinanI mIThI najaranuM ja kULa che. A pramANe jema mahArAjA priyadarzina dareka rIte iMdrapAlita nAmane dhanya Thare che tema temanA saheAdara, zAlizu paNa apAlita nAmane dhanya Thare che. ane jo tema Thare to pachI temanAM nAma, mauryavaMzI rAjAvalimAM dAkhala keTalA aMze karI zakAya te vAcaka10 va pete ja vicArI joze. ane meM paNa khAsa te nAmanA samAveza A vaMzAvaLImAM je nathI karyAM te evA ja hetuthI, ke jo eka nAma lakhavAmAM Ave ane khIju` cheoDI devAmAM Ave, tA aneka praznottarI vAcakanA manamAM UbhI thAya. temaja jyAMsudhI te praznanuM dalIlapUrvaka ane saMtASakAraka nirAkaraNa na thayuM hoya tyAMsudhI mauna sevavu` ja uccatara gaNAya. A e hetuthI ja adyApi paryaMta te nAma vAparavAthI huM alaga rahyo hatA. have eka nAnI bAbata rahI jAya che. teneA jarA vicAra karIne A prakaraNa ApaNe pUrU` karIzu. keTalAka graMthakAroe, mau samrATonI nAmAvalImAM kuNAlanuM nAma dAkhala karyu che. tema kAie ema paNa jaNAvyuM che ke samrATa azAkavate takSilAnA sUbA tarIke tenI nImaNUka karI hatI; ane (50) jIe uparanI TI. na. 46 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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18 miAryonI zuddha nAmAvalI [ SaSThama sUbApadanA samaya daramyAna tene aMdhApe jALavI rAkhavAne suyoga temanA bhAgyamAM vahorI levuM paDyuM hatuM. paNa A baMne sthiti lakhyo hato, te kumAra mahedranI, kumAra dazarathanI kumAra kuNAlane mATe asaMbhavita che, kemake kayA temaja kumAra saMpratinI jIvanacaryAne ApaNane saMjogomAM tene AMkha gumAvavI paDI che te je paricaya prApta thayuM che te sarvenuM sthityAMtara ja prasaMge pAta pu. 2 mAM ApaNe varNavI gayA chIe. thaI jAta. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa AkhA bhAratIya je samaye A banAva banavA pAmyo hato te vakhate ItihAsanuM svarUpa ja pheravAI gayuM hota. eTale tenI umara paNa kumArapaNunI hatI ane haju ke kumAra kuNAlanuM jyAre takSazilAmAM javuM ja kadI vidyAbhyAsa cAlatuM hatuM; eTale sUbApade temane thayuM nathI, tyAre tyAMnA sUbA thayAnuM te kyAMthI caDAvavAnI kalpanA paNa udbhavatI nathI. vaLI ja banyuM hoya? temaja te samrATa padavI paNa temanuM nivAsasthAna ja avaMtinA pradezamAM hatuM jyAre prApta karI zakyo nathI, tyAre rAjakartAnI te pachI takSilA sudhI javAnuM ja zI rIte banI vaMzAvaLImAM tenuM nAma paNa dAkhala kema karI zake? tema je AMkhanI paryAmi akhaMDapaNe zakAya? eTale have je mauryavaMzanI zodhita nAmAvaLI temaja vaMzAvaLI ApaNe lakhavI hoya te te nIce pramANe lakhavI rahe che - miryavaMzanI kharI vaMzAvaLI nAma ma. saM. thI ma. saM. varSa I. sa. pU. thI I. sa. pU. (1) caMdragupta 146 , 1559 23 381 37re 155 ,, 169=14 372 , 358 (2) biMdusAra 169 19E 358 330 (3) azokavardhana. 197 , 237= 40 330 (4) priyadarzina urphe saMprati 237 ,, 291= 53 289 urphe iMdrapAlita (5) vRSabhasena urphe subhAgasena ra91 , 300= 9 236 227 (6) puSpadharmanA 300 , 7 rara7 (7) devadharmane 307 5, 314= 213 (8) zAtadhamana 314 316= (9) buhadratha 31 , 323= 211 , 27ll 289 307= 220 213 211 204

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pariziSTa pu. 2 nA aMte cAra pariziSTa jeDyAM che temAM eka kAzmirapati jAlaukane lagatuM paNa che. temAM tene mauryavaMzI samrATa ane cakravartI priya darzinane putra hovAnuM tathA priyadarzinanA maraNa bAda potAnA vaDIla baMdhu ane mauryapati rAjA subhAgasenanI rAjanItithI nArAja thaI kAzmira vALA pradezamAM svataMtrapaNe te gAdIpati banyAnuM jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale kharI rIte te jema baMgALamAM rAjya karatA rAjavIone mauryavaMzanI eka zAkhA tarIke oLakhAvatA AvyA chIe tema A kAzmirapatione paNa mauryavaMzanI ja eka bIjI zAkhA tarIke ApaNe oLakhAvavI joIe, paNa jyAre rAjataraMgiNikAre A rAjAone naMda" vaMzI kahI temano svataMtra vaMza TharAvyuM che tyAre ApaNe paNa temane alAhe rAjavIo tarIke oLakhIzuM ane teo bhale bhAratanA eka khUNe rAjapade hatA chatAM bhAratamAM te gaNI zakAya ja, jethI A bhAratavarSIya itihAsanA pustakamAM temanuM svataMtra Alekhana karavuM ja rahe; paNa te jAlauka ane tenA putra dAmodara sivAya anya koI rAjavIne ItihAsa-ane te paNa mAtra be traNa muddA sivAya-vizeSapaNe nahIM jaNAyela hovAthI temane mULa vaMza jene ApaNe mauryavaMza hevAnuM jaNAvyuM che temane vRttAMta ane pUre thaI javAthI, tenA pariziSTa tarIke je kAMI jaNAyuM che te joDavAnuM gya dhAryuM che. pustaka bIjAnA pariziSTamAM pR 403 mAM rAjA jAlaukanA jIvanavRttAMta vize ATheka hakIkatenuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. temAM tene plecchane hakI kADhI, pitAnA rAjya amale chavIsamAM varSe TheTha kAnyakuja sudhInA pradezane mulaka je karI te upara Adhipatya bhagavate jaNAvyuM che. te muddA upara atre ApaNe vizeSa UhApeha, karIzuM ke A ocho koNa hatA ane tyAM zI rIte AvyA hatA. rAjA jAlaukane samaya I. sa. pU. 237thI 190 varSa (juo pu. 2, pR. 405) aMdAje ApaNe gaNAvyA che, ane te arasAmAM kAzmiranI AsapAsa eTale uttare hiMdukuza parvata, pazcime aphagAnistAna ane dakSiNe paMjAbavALA pradezamAM bekaTrIana prajAnuM rAjya patharAI paDayuM hatuM. (vizeSa hakIkata mATe AgaLa upara juo) ane A prajAne paNa yavanapati alekajhAMDaranI paDe hiMdabhUminuM AkarSaNa vadhI paDela hevAthI, avAranavAra hiMda upara teo caDI AvatA hatA. kavacita kavacita teo mAraphADa karI, lUMTa meLavI, jo ke AghApAchA thaI jatA kharA paNa have te dhIme dhIme teoe vyavasthita banI, humalA lAvI, vijaya meLavI tevA pradezamAM thANe thape paDayA rahevAnuM zarU karI dIdhuM hatuM. eTale kAzmiranI thoDIka bhUmi upara temaja paMjAbamAM A bekaTrIana prajAne mArI haThAvavAnuM kArya rAjA jAlaukane zire AvI paDayuM hatuM. ane te teNe rAjataraMgiNikAranA jaNAvyA pramANe pAra

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20 kAzmIranA utAryuM hatu. A hakIkata ApaNe AgaLa upara ekaTrIanapati rAjA umeTrIasanuM varNana1 lakhatAM vistArathI jaNAvIzuM. jAlaukanuM rAjya chavIza varSa uparAMta cAlyuM che ja, paNa keTalAkanA mata pramANe tene 30 varSa ane keTalAkanA mata pramANe Azare 40 varSa paryaM ta lakhAyAnu kahevu paDaze. prathamanA mata tarapha vadhAre sa'bhavitatA dekhAya che. hAla turata ApaNe tenA phALe 30-32 varSIra gaNIzuM eTale ke I. sa. pU. 237 thI 205 sudhI ane te khada tenA putra dAmeAdaranuM rAjya trIsa varSoMnuM eTale i. sa. pU. 205 thI 175 sudhI cAlyAnu lekhIzu'. jAlauke gAdIe AvI tenA rAjyanA vistAra pavana prajAne harAvI kAzmira bahAra temaja yukta prAMtanA kAnyakubja sudhI jyAre phelAvyA hatA tyAre tenA putra dAmeAdare, teja yavana prajAnA hAthe mAra khAi bApe meLavela sadhaLA mulaka gumAvI dIdhA hatA, ane potAnA asala kAzmirane paNa sAcavI rAkhI zakayA hatA ke kema te zakAMzIla che. jo ke hiMdI tihAsamAMthI te A bAbata upara kAMIpaNa prakAza pADe tevI mAhitI maLatI nathI, paNa khuda kAzmira nA dhRtihAsa( rAjataraMgiNinA pustaka ) mAMthI paNa upalabdha thatI nathI. tyAMnA samAcArathI te eTaluM ja tAravI zakAya che, ke dAmeAdara pachI uSka, zukSma ane kaniSkanI tripuTIe rAjya karyuM che ane AgaLa upara ( pustaka cAthAnA aMte ) ema sAbita karAze ke A tripuTI te koi ja nahIM paNa hiMdu upara hakumata calAvI gayela (1) jo ke DimeTrIasanA pitA yutheDImesanA sama cI A hakIkata che paNa te hiMda bahAranA dezane rAjana hAvAthI tenu vana DimeTrIasanI hakIkatamAM karavuM paDayu' che mATe ahIM tenu' nAma jaNAvyu che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ SaSTama kuzAnavaMzI rAjAe che, jemanA Adi purUSa tarIke kunnula kaDapIsIjha ane vImA kaDIsIjha athavA anukrame kaDapIsIjha paheleA ane bIje ema oLakhAvI zakAya che. tema uparanA dAmedaranA rAjyanA aMta ane A kuzAna vaMzanA kuMDaprIsIjhanA samaya AdinA vicAra karatAM, khenI vacce sArU' jevu' aMtara-Azare doDhasA varSa uparAMtanu ~jaNAyeluM rahe che. eTale A doDhasA varSothI vizeSanA gALAmAM, kAzmira upara jAlaukaputra dAmeAdaranA vaMzajonI ja sattA cAlu rahI hatI ke dAmeAdaranA maraNa pachI tenA vaMzanA aMta AvI, kAi navIna rAjAoe ja A pradeza upara hukumata bhAgavI hatI, te sava' adhakAramAM ja rahe che. vizeSa saMgIna purAvA jyAM sudhI na maLe, tyAM sudhI hAlaturata tA eTalu ja kahevu. yeAgya gaNAze ke, dAmAdaranA vaMzajoe ja kAzmira upara rAjya karavuM cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM; paNa te sa nAmadhArI ja hAvA joie. ane temanI pAsethI uparanA kuzAnavaMzIoe te pradeza meLavela hAvA joie. vaLI A dAmeAdaravI rAjAe ane uparanA kuzAnava'zIo vacce kAMI rakta saMbaMdha hatA ke kema, te muddo paNa zeAdhavA pUratI sAmagrI maLatI nathI; paNa kAzmira upara temaja tenI pADeAzanA ( hiMdanI bahAra ane himAlayanI uttare Avela) khATAna ane tibeTa upara samrATa priyadarzitanA rAjakALe tenA ja kuTuMbIo ane sagA sUbA tarIke vahIvaTa karavA nimAyA hatA te vastusthitine tathA kuzAnavazI prajAmAMthI hiMdanI keTalIka hiMdunnatinuM avataraNa thayAnuM (2) A bInA gheADeka aMze, zuMgavI agnimitranA rAjye ApaNane sAbita karelI dekhAro. bAkI spaSTa rIte samajavA mATe teA bekaTrIana saradAra DimeTrIasanu vRttAMta AgaLa upara A pustakamAM jue. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ]. ItihAsa mizrata lohI thaIne utpatti thayAnuM-maMtavya prajAnuM mULa utpattisthAna, eziAI turkasthAprasareluM che te vastusthitine, ema banne vastune nanI be nadIo sIradariyA ane AmudariyA je jyAre vicAra karIe chIe tyAre ema saMbhavita erala samudrane maLe che ane jemanAM mULa, marva, anumAna upara javAya che ke, uparanA dAdaravaMzI bukhArA, samarakaMda Adi zaherevALA pradezamAM rAjAo ane kuzanavaMzIone kAMIka paNa lehi- Avela che te pradezamAM Avela hatAM. ane tyAMthI saMbaMdha hovo joIe; paNa te banne prajA vacce temanAM-Arya prajAnAM-ToLAM vikhUTAM paDI tyAre je kAMI asAmyatAnA aMzo najare paDatA tarapha prasaravA lAgyAM hatAM. temAMnuM eka pUrva dekhAya che, te temanA cAlu vasavAranA ane sama- tarapha eTale cIna ane megeliyA tarapha, bIjuM yanA pravAhanA kAraNe ja paDyA hovA joIe kheTAna, tibeTa tarapha, trIjuM dakSiNe aphagAnikemake, dAdaravaMzI rAjAo hiMdanA kAzimaramAM stAnanA raste hiMda taraphaema judAM judAM vasatA hatA jyAre kuzanavaMzIo kheTAna ane ane kee bhinna bhinna mArga laI lIdhuM hatuM. tibeTamAM vasI rahyA hatA. tema hiMdu eTale A sarva paristhitinuM ekIkaraNa karatAM rAjAo-zizunAgavaMzI naMdavaMzI ke bharyavaMzI- paNa, upara pramANe je anumAna ApaNe dAmasarve-brIja kSatriyo (peTA vibhAge-licchavI, daravaMzI rAjAo ane kuzanavaMzIonA joDANa mA ItyAdi jAtinA ) kahevAya che jayAre himA bAbatamAM karI rahyA chIe, tene keTaleka darajaje lavanI uttare vasatA tibeTane, cInAo, meMge- samarthana maLe che. liyana vigere paNa licchavI prajAmAMthI utarI A viSaya ahIM ja choDIne ApaNe Avela manAya che. tema vaLI ApaNe A hiMda upara sAmrAjya bhagavatA rAjAonA vRttAMta pustakamAM ja AgaLa upara jaNAvIzuM ke, Arya Alekhana upara pAchA vaLIe.

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Ai F Dche e Viith 1 . 5'4 mAM S saptama pariccheda maryavaMzI samrATane rAjyavistAra saMkSipta sAra- caMdraguptA-ajJAta jana tarIke ajJAta pradezamAM teNe karela mauryarAjayanuM khAtamuhU-aprapati upara Adhipatya meLavI kaliMgapatinI kumakanI karelI yAcanAnavamA naMdane harAvIne, magadhapati ane mausamrATa tarIke karelI uddaghoSaNA-luMTanA mAlane hisso vaheMcatAM, aNadhAryA saMjogamAM nIpajeluM kaliMgapatinuM maraNa-nava kaliMga patine upajela zaMkA ane teNe karela caDAI-Ayade caMdraguptanuM kaliMgasAmrAjyapati banavuM-teNe ane cANakaye bhegA maLI karelI arthazAstranI racanA-pachI nivRtti mAge caDatAM, saMgha sAthe karela vimalagirinI yAtrA ane sudarzana taLAvanuM thayela nimaNapitAne lAdhela khAdhAre thayela duSkALanI AgAhI ane aMgIkAra karela sAdhu jIvana. biMdusAra-navA amAtyanI salAhathI teNe vRddha cANakayane karela tyAga-rAjyamAM uTheva baLavA ane sAmrAjyanI saMkocAyelI hada-prajAnI baLavAkhorI valaNe paradezIemAM upajAvelI hiMda pratyenI mohinI-yavanapati alekajhAMDare irAna jItI hiMda upara kareluM AkramaNuM-- Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] azeka vadhanA-hiMdI rAjA abhi ane parasanI peThe ja hiMdI samrATa seMDe. keTasa sAthe vartAva karavAmAM yavanapatie khAdhela chakakaDa-yavanapatinA vArasadAre hiMdI sarahada upara aneka vAra niSphaLa pachADelAM mAthAM ane tene karavI paDelI nAmozIbharelI taha-romAMcaka gRhajIvananA uzkerATamAM teNe vATele keTaloka bhAMgare, ane te sthitimAM aTavAI paDatAM, rAjakAraNa pratye dAkhavavI paDelI beparavAI-aMte tene sUjhelI subuddhi ane karelI dharmasevA-jIvananA aMte tene maLela AnaMda. priyadarzina-sarva hiMdI samrATemAM agragaNya ane sArI AlamamAM ziromaNI rAjakartA tene gaNI zakAya evI tenI thayelI tulanA-teNe vistarAvela sAmrAjyanI thaI paDelI kAramI paDatI ane tenAM kAraNo vizenI karavA mAMDelI tapAsa-hiMdI rAjAene lAgela saMgatidoSanA ItihAsanAM kathAsUtro. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mArya samrATane [ sakSama (1) caMdragupta atyAra sudhI itihAsakAroe, jyArathI caMdragupta magadhapati banyA tyArathI ja mauryavaMzanI sthApanA thayelI gaNIne tenA jaya-parAjayane vRttAMta lakhe rAkhe che; paNa ApaNe pu rane pR. 174 mAM darzAvyA pramANe, jyArathI teNe koI ajJAta pradezamAM rAjadhUrA grahaNa karI hakumata calAvavA mAMDI, tyArathI mauryavaMzanI sthApanA thayelI gaNatA hovAthI ane tenuM rAjaya pu. 1 pR. 381 nI sAme coDela nakazAmAM, AkRti naM. 55 mAM citarI batAvyA pramANe sthApita thayeluM hovAthI, te samaya ane te sthAnane AzrayIne tenI Adi gaNavI paDaze. samayane aMge vicAratAM kahIzuM ke teNe rAjyane prAraMbha karyo tyArathI te navamAM naMdane harAvIne ne magadha sAmrAjyane svAmI banya tyAM sudhImAM AThathI sADAATha varSano gALo paDyo che ane te daramyAna te taddana sAdhana rahita hevAthI AraMbhamAM teNe eka dhADapADu ke luMTArA jevI ja athavA te bahAravaTIyA jevI ja avasthA gALavA mAMDI hatI. ane temAM paNa tene athavA kharuM kahIe te paM, cANakayane-muddo rAjA navamAnaMda upara veravRtti vALavA pUratuM hovAthI, pitAnI pravRttinuM keMdrasthAna magadha sAmrAjyanI ekAda sImA jenuM temane pasaMda karavuM paDayuM hatuM. te sthAna kaI sImA pratye anukULa thaI paDaze te jANavA mATe ApaNe pu. 1, pR. 381 mAM AkRti naM. 55 ne nakaze joIzuM, te turata khyAlamAM AvI jaze ke-sAmrAjyanI dakSiNa hada temane mATe baMdha besatI thaI paDatI hatI. dakSiNa hada upara, eka bAju kaliMgapatinI ane bIjI bAju aMdha patinI ANa pravartI rahI hatI; paNa je Deka bhAga parvatamALAthI rokAI rahyo hato ane jyAM magadhapatinI rakSaNanIti kAMIka DhIlApaNe amane lamAM mUkavAmAM AvI hatI tathA je pradeza zaherI prajA karatAM jaMgalI prajAvaDe vizeSapaNe vasAyalo hato tyAM pitAnuM thANuM temaNe jamAvyuM hatuM. kamekrame pAMca-cha varasamAM thoDAka mAIlanA vistAra potAnA svAmitvataLe meLavI lIdho ane te pradezanI khaDatala zarIravALI, majabUta bAMdhAvALI tathA laDAInA prasaMge bahu upayogI thaI paDe tevI ardha jaMgalI prajA upara jyAre potAno kAbU pUrato maLI gaye dekhAyo, tyAre 5. cANakyanI buddhie eka pagaluM ora AgaLa vadhavAnuM vicAryuM. A vakhate ja kadAca pelI DozImA ane tenA bALakavALo prasaMga (juo pu. 2, pR.166) banyo hovAnuM samajAya che. =ma. saM. 154 (I. sa. pU. 373). have teNe vyavasthita banI ekAda bAju humalo lai javAnI peravI racavA mAMDI. tenA potAnA nAnakaDA rAjyane vaTIne traNa rAjavIonI hada lAgI paDI hatI : eka magadhanI, bIjI kaliMgI ane trIjI AMdhrapatinI (juo nakaze pu. 1. pR. 381). A traNe je ke hatA to pitAthI anekagaNa jabarA sAdhana sAmagrIvALA, chatAMye traNamAM nabaLAmAM nabaLo te aMdhapati ja hata; kemake tene rAjyavistAra paNa pahelA benA karatAM kSetraphaLamAM ati nAne hate. vaLI te vakhatanA rAjavI vaziSThaputrI kanya -kRSNa athavA ApaNe jene TUMkamAM trIjA aMdhrapati tarIke gaNAvIzuM, te ati vRddha thaI gayo hata; temaja te potAnI prajAmAM kaIka aLakhAmaNo banI gayo hato kemake teNe kharA hakadAra-pitAnA sagA bhatrijAnA (bIjA aMdhrapati-yajJazrI gautamIputranA) ane vidhavA rANuM nAganikAnI putra-bALarAjAne gAdI uparathI uThADI mUkI, gAdI pacAvI pADI hatI eTale prajA tenA rAjya amalathI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= = pariccheda ] rAjyavistAra 15. asaMtuSTa banI gaI hatI. A paristhitine lAbha laI,5. cANakaye pitAnA yuvAna rAjA caMdraguptanI saradArI nIce, te pArvatIya pradezanI laThTha dehadhArI phejane, pAsenA aMdhrapatinA pradeza upara hallo karavA mokalI. A yuddhamAM aMdhapati kaha marAyo ane rAjA caMdraguptanI jIta thaI, paNa te mulaka pitAnI hadamAM bheLavI na letAM, tyAM rANI nAganikAnA pelA bALaputrane ja punaH sthApita karyo eTale tyAMnI prajAnI lAgaNa pitA tarapha meLavI lIdhI. have cANakyanA ane caMdraguptanA TAMTiyAmAM jora AvyuM. temaja eka sattAdhArI vyakita tarIke, game tevA moTA rAjavaMzI sAthe maMtraNa karavAne paNa je bahAra Ave, te tenuM kAMIka vajana paDe tevI sthitimAM te mUkAya. atyAre tene mATe grahaNa karavA yogya be mArga ughADA hatA. kAM te potAnA Azrita banelA aMdhrapatinI kumaka laI magadha upara caDI javuM athavA te dakSiNa hade lagolaga AvelA kaliMgapatinI sAthe maMtraNe calAvI tene paNa pitAnI paDakhe meLavI laI saMyukatapaNe magadha upara dhasAro laI ja, ke jethI magadhapatine keIna Take meLavavA IcchA thaI Ave te paNa temAM tenA hAtha heThA paDe. A bemAMthI bIjo mArga tene vadhAre dUra dezIvALo lAge. turata ja te pramANe kArya sAgapAMga utAravAnA upAyo teNe gatimAM mUkI dIdhA ane temAM bhAgya devIe yArI paNa ApI-yazathI navAjya; kemake kaliMgapati rAjA vakragrIvane kAMIka sattAne mada hatA temAM vaLI pitAnA bApadAdAnI vArIthI je vaira pelI suvarNa pratimA mATe magadhapati naMdavaMzanI sAthe cAlI AvatuM hatuM tenI kho bhUlAvavA mATe A taka ThIka sAMpaDI che te vicArathI tenI lAgaNI pradipta thaI AvI hatI. AvA kividha muddAthI kalaMgapati paNa te benI sAthe joDAya ane magadha upara caDAI laI gayA. pariNAma zuM AvyuM te te ItihAsa-prasiddha che. (juo pu. 1, pR. 391 : pu. 2, pR. 167 ane AgaLa) A pramANe ma. saM. 155I. sa. pU. 37ramAM naMdavaMzane aMta Avyo ane caMdragupta magadhane samrATa banyuM. tyArapachI ApelI kabUlAta pramANe athavA TharAvela karAra pramANe rAjA caMdragupta pite meLavela hissAmAMthI rAjA vakragrIvane pAMti pADI ApavA jatAM, kevI rIte (1) A pramANe pagaluM bharavAmAM be kAraNe hoI zake che: eka te te vakhate rAjanIti ja evI hatI, ke jyAMsadhI koI hakadAra hoya tyAM sudhI tene mulaka khAlasA karI na zakAya.(jue pu. 1, pR. 374). bIjuM kAraNa tyAMnI prajAmAM lokapriyatA meLavI levAnuM paNa heya. A bemAMthI kayuM kAraNa mukhyapaNe hatuM te kahI na zakAya, paNa bane kAraNe vadhatA-ochA aMze astitva dharAvatAM hatAM ema dekhAya che, A sthiti ulaTAvI nAMkhavA ja ane rAjane haka amuka maryAdAmAM bAMdhI levA mATe ja cANakathajIe potAnI keMdrita bhAvanAvALI yojanA amalamAM mUkavA prayAsa karyo hate. AthI karIne rAjA caMdra- guptane vRtta kahIne te saMbaMdho hatA. paNa te rAjanItine pUratA pramANamAM amalamAM mUkavAne te samartha nIvaDaze nahete (juo pu. 2 caMdraguptanA varNanamAM) (2) A vakhate A pratimA te kaliMgapatinA kabajamAM ja rahI hatI eTale mULa vaira te paNa aro samI gayuM ja hatuM (hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM A pratimA vALA banAvanuM varNana che. te mATe juo pu. mAM rAna khAravelanuM caritra tathA pu. 15. 382, 389 ane 174no hakIkata) paNa koI kALe tene pAcho meLavavAno vicAra magadhapatine sUche ja nahIM mATe ahI " bhUlAvavI" vAkayane prayoga kare paDa che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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maurya samrATane [ saptama vakragrIvanuM maraNa (I. sa. pU. 372mAM) thayuM ghaDI kADhIne amalamAM mUkI hatI tene, bhale mulakane te hakIkata pu. 2 mAM varNavAI gaI che eTale - jItI levA sAthe saMdhe saMbaMdha nahoto, chatAMye atre jaNAvavA jarUra rahetI nathI. vaLI magadhapati kahevuM paDaze, ke jItelA mulakane aMkuzamAM rAkhI banavA uparAMta pitAne harIpha paNa upaDI suvyavasthita rAjya jene kahevAya tevI sthitinI javAthI have caMdragupta taddana nirbhita banyuM hatuM. te janmadAtA to hatI ja. eTalA mATe teTale A pramANe naMdavaMzane jItavAthI caMdragupta mauryane darajaje paNa jo ApaNe te rAjanItinI UDatI AkhAye uttara hiMdane vArase maLyo hato. tema neMdha lIdhA vinA calAvI laIe te tenA utpAdakSiNamAM aMdhrapati upara paNa svAmitva maLyuM dakane anyAyakartA thaI paDavAnI bhIti rahe che. hatuM. jyAre A kalaMgapatio upara bhale koI sAmrAjya uparane tene vahIvaTa zarU thayo jAtane adhikAra naheto maLyo paNa vakragrIvanA tyAre paNa lagabhaga sakaLa hiMdamAM duSkALa jevI pachI tene vArasadAra je gAdIe Avyo hato sthiti pravartI rahI hatI ane tenA rAjya amate pitAnA pitAnA avasAnathI eTale badho lane aMta AvavAne samaya najIka Avyo tyAre hatAza thaI gayo hato (juo pu. 4mAM tenI paNa duSkALanA paDachAyA ghurakIyAM karatAM uttara hidane hakIkata) ke alpa prayAse ja tenA mulaka jItI akaLAvI rahyAM hatAM. vaLI pote rAjA banyA tyAranI levAnuM caMdraguptane subhAgya prApta thayuM hatuM, avasthA te ekadama nirdhana hatI, chatAMye krame krame jethI karIne samasta bhAratavarSane eka vakhata AgaLa vadhI jyAre meTA sAmrAjyane bhUpALa te samrATa banavA pAmyo hato ema kahevAmAM banI aDhaLaka devatane rakSaka banyo tyAre paNa jarApaNa saMkoca veThavo paDe tema nathI. Ane tyAMnA nivRtta thatA rAjavIne teNe manamAnatA samaya i. sa. pU. 362ma. saM. 15 AsapAsa khajAne ucakI javA dIdho hate. matalaba ke ApaNe mUkI zakIe tema che. game tevo te sArvabhauma bAdazAha hatA, chatAM have jyAre samasta bhAratavarSa tene caraNe asamAna ane aTapaTA sogane lIdhe Akheye AvI paDyo tyAre tene mATe kayo mulaka jIta samaya, dravyane saMkoca ja tene anubhavavo paDe bAkI rahyo kahevAya ke caDAI laI javAnI upA- hatA; jethI karIne rAjaya khajAne tara rAkhavAne dhImAM tene saMDovAI rahevuM paDe? matalaba ke tene chevaTe suvyavasthita rIte rAjakArabhAra calAvatAM have ArAma levAno samaya Avyo hato ane koI divasa saMkoca anubhavo na paDe te mATe paM. cANakya paNa nirAMta vALIne rAjanIti ghaDa- tene ghaNuM sAvacetInA ilAja levA paDyA hatA. vAmAM paDe hato. A jaya-parAjyanA pariche. rAjyavahivaTa paNa karakasaratAbharI rIte calAdamAM be ke tenuM varNana karavAne ApaNe adhi- vavo paDato hato. temaja upajanAM sAdhana paNa kAra nathI ja, paNa te bAbatane prasaMga ApaNane prajAnA upara asahya bhAraNa bhAryA sivAya prAta thavA saMbhava nathI temaja je rAjanIti teNe nIpajAvavAnI jarUra UbhI thaI hatI. vaLI pote (3) jue pu. 2, pR. 168 tathA TI. naM. 15. () sarakhA pu. 2, pR. 167 TIka naM. 9, (5) keTalAka graMthakAe je ema jaNAvyuM che ke teNe prajAnA aneka vargone vidhavidha rIte pIDIne, nagna prakAreNa, dravya saMgraha karyo hate (juo pu. 2, pR. 170 I.) te kathana vyAjabI lAgatuM nathI. jema tene Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricche ] tathA tenA rAjapureAhite ( pachI tene purAhita kahA, mahAamAtya kaho ke mukhya pradhAna kahe ke jamaNA hAtha kaho ke sarvasva karuM! je kahe te evA 5. cANakaya -ema banne jaNAe saMsAranI aneka lIlIsUkI joI hatI; temaja aneka avasthAmAMthI pasAra thavAthI tenA taDakAchAMyA paNa teoe nihALyA hatA. eTale te sarvenA vividha anubhava kAme lagADI rAjanIti ghaDI kADhI zake tema hatu. tema have rAjya upara kAi hallA lai Avaze to zuM karazuM ? tevA vicAra karavAnI temane mAthe kAI upAdhi jevuM paNa rahyuM naheAtuM. eTale te banne jaNAe-rAjA ane mahAamAtye-bhegA maLIne, rAjavyavasthAnA tathA nIti vyavahAranA sa` sUtro ane niyamA ghaDI kADhavA mAMDyA. thoDA saSayamAM te kAma saMpUrNa thaI gayuM, jene ApaNe sAdI bhASAmAM barthazAsra tarIke ALakhI rahyA chIe. rAjyavistAra A pramANe jyAre eka bAju A azAstranA racayitAe dI kALa sudhI meLavela svAnubhavanA vicAra karIe chIe tema bIjI bAju tenA racayitAe je vidyAgurU pAse besIne rAjanItinA mULAkSaranA kakko thyo hatA tenA rAjaddArI DaDhApaNunA jyAre vicAra karIe chIe" tema vaLI trIjI bAju te sarvenAM mULanA-utpattisthAna TheTha rAjA zreNikanA samayanI vyavahAra racanA ane vidhavidha prakAranI zreNionI guthaNInA koTilya upanAma ApI kuTilatAnA bhaMDAra kahIne jaNAvye che paNa te hakIkata have sathA upajAvI kADhelI mAlUma paDI che. tevI ja rIte dravya upArjana karavA mATenI upara darzAvelI tenI paddhatine paNa joDI kADhelI ja kahevI paDaro. (6) tethI tene AraH sarve sutram kahevAya che. jIe pu. 2, pR. 177-8 4. pu 2 pR.206 thI 215. (7) jIe pu. 1,pR. 363 ane AgaLamAM zakaDhALa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 17 jyAre vicAra karIe chIe tyAre te arthazAstranA sUtro,niyamA ane peTA niyamA Aje be be hajAra varSoM vItI gayA chatAMye mukhyapaNe sarvIze je ema ne ema cAlI AvatAM ja nihALI rahIe te temAM Azraya pAmavA jevuM zuM rahe che ! A niyamene anusarIne, haju sudhI cAlI AvatI keMdrita bhAvanA (Decentralizing) =gaNataMtra rAjyanI paddhati pheravI nAMkhIne keMdrita bhavanA (Centralizing) sthApita karavA tarapha 5. cANakyajInuM mana DhaLatuM thayuM hatu. ane te nIti teNe thaDedhaNe aMze amalamAM mUkI paNa dIdhI hatI, paNa mathA te te vyavahAramAM ANI zakyA nahAtA ja. AthI karIne te rAjA caMdraguptane vRSala kahIne samedhavAmAM eka prakAranI mAja mANatA hatA..vaLI A rAjanItine anusarIne tenI IcchA rAjagAdInuM sthAnAntara karavA tarapha thaI hatI, paNa eva uN mAru sAhasa ekadama karavA tenuM mana kheMcAyA karatuM hatuM. eTale prathama teNe evI yeAjanA ghaDI ke, rAjA pote khUda rAjanagaramAM rahe ane yuvarAja hoya te sAmrAjyanA anya bhAga upara vasavATa karI rahe. A sthAna tarIke teNe avaMti dezane TharAvyA hatA. vaLI te deza sArA bhAratavarSanI madhyamAM hoi tathA kudaratanI aneka bakSisethI vaiSTita hAi, rAjapATa tarIke paNa ati upayAgI thax paDe tema hatuM. chatAM tema karavA jatAM tene eka khIjI muzkelI naDatI hatI. maMtrInu` mahAamAtyapaNAvALuM lakhANa tathA tenAM TIpaNA. (8) pu. 1, luM pR. 267 thI 270 nI hota tA TIpaNA jI. (9) pu. 2. rR. 171 tathA A pustake pR, 3; tathA rR. 25 TI, na. 1 nI hakIkata jI. (10) sarakhAvA uparanI TIkA naM. 1, tathA pR. 3, pR. 140 TI. naM. 26 tathA rR. 171nI hakIkata. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mairya samrATane [ saptama A samaye yuvarAja mAtra ATheka varSanI ja calAvavAnI prathAmAM javAbadArInuM ane kAmanI umarane hatuM, ane teTalI nAnI vayamAM rAjA vaheMcaNInuM tattva, rAjA caMdraguptanA samayathI ja tene pitAthI vikhuTa pADavA khuzI nahote. kharI rIte dAkhala thayuM kahevAze. jo ke pu. 1 eTale ema toDa kADhavAmAM Avyo, ke samrATe ja lAmAM jaNAvI gayA pramANe tene AraMbha te thaDa vakhata magadhamAM rahevuM ane the samaya avaMti naMdivardhananA rAjyathI paNa thaze kahevAze; chatAM dezamAM rahevuM. A goThavaNathI avaMti dezanA mukhya ema kahevuM paDaze ke pUrve (eTale naMdivardhananA nagara ujainImAM rAjAne rahevA lAyaka thaI paDe rAjyathI ) je kAMI avyavasthita paNe athavA tevA mahela vigere baMdhAvavAmAM AvyAM. eTale te bInajavAbadArIe rAjataMtra calAvAtuM hatuM, te ujainI nagarI je protavaMzI rAjya amale eka havethI niyaMtritapaNe goThavavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. samRddhizALI nagarI hatI paNa pAchaLathI naMdina ATaluM varNana rAjavyavasthAne aMge karI, have vardhana urphe naMda pahelAnA rAjya magadha sAmrA- eka bIjI sthiti tarapha jarAka dhyAna kheMcIzuM jyamAM bhaLI javAthI pATanagara tarIkenuM sthAna ane te bAda rAjA caMdraguptanuM vRttAMta pUruM karIzuM. gumAvI beThI hatI, te pharIne eka vAra pitAnI rAjA caMdraguptanA mana upara kudaratI pUrva jAherajalAlIthI jhaLahaLavA lAgI. I. saMjogoe je chApa upajAvI hatI tene lIdhe sa. pU. 362 Azare; A mukhya pheraphAra karavA A sthiti thavA pAmI hatI. kemake te uparAMta dakSiNa bhAratamAM aMdhrapatinI sattA eka te duHkhamAM ja ucharela hato temAM have taLenA pradeza sivAyanA je anya prAMta upara rAjyataMtra sugaMti rIte niyamAnusAra cAlyuM jatuM prathama naMdivardhana Adi naMda rAjAonuM ane hatuM jethI bIjI koI upAdhI mana upara pAchaLathI khAravela Adi kaliMgapationuM rahI nahatI, eTale duniyAnI mehajALathI tenuM Adhipatya hatuM, te mulaka upara pitAnA maurya mana virakta dazA tarapha vaLavA maMDayuM hatuM. temAM vaMzI saradAro nImI dIdhA tathA agAuthI tenA rAjya amale babe duSkALane laInepa cAlyA AvatA kadaMba, celA, pAMca Adi prajAnI tathA tenI mAlamilkatanI thaI paDelI saradAra jeo eka rIte te pitAno maurya. hAlahavAlIe tenA mana upara ati pracaMDa jatinI peThe, licchavI kSatriyanI peTA vibhAgI asara nIpajAvI hatI. eTale pitAnA dharmanA kemanA gaNatA hatA, temane jyAM ne tyAM cAlu kendrasthAna gaNAtA evA ane saurASTramAM AvelA rAkhyA. teNe nImelA A morya saradArone tathA vimaLAcaLagirinI yAtrAe saMgha kADhIne te temanI sAthe AvI vaselI anya mayaMkSatriya gayo hato. te samaye vimaLAcaLagirinI taLeTI, prajAne, dakSiNa prAMtanA-madrAsa ilAkAmAMnA vartamAnakALanI mAphaka pAlItANe natI, paNa telaMgu sAhityika graMthomAM-navIna mauryAjha4 vimaLAcaLagiri tathA raivatagiri, akhaMDa eka tarIke oLakhAvAyA che. A pramANe rAjya rUpe ja UbhelA hovAthI te banne eka ja parvata (11) 5. 1 uM, 5. 180. (12) pu. 1 uM, 5. 183. (13) pu. 1 luM, pR. 313. pu. 1 luM, pR. 178-79. pR. 385. (14) pu. 1 luM, pR. 301 TI. naM. 55, (15) jue pu. 2 mAM tenuM vRttAMta.

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paricheda ] rAjyavistAra tarIke oLakhAvAtA ane tethI tenI taLeTI rahIne) saMsAranA koI kAryamAM bhAga laI zakAta vartamAnanA jUnAgaDha nagare (prAcIna nAma jIrNa nathI ja, eTale te hisAbe te caMdragupta jIvaMta dirge) hatI. te samaye A sthaLe sudarzana nAmanuM hoya ke na hoya, te banne sthiti rAjakAraNane moTuM taLAva baMdhAvavAnI AjJA pharamAvI zrI aMge eka sarakhI ja gaNAya; teTalA mATe saMghanA yAtrALuonI teNe aneka prakAre saga- caMdragupta dIkSA lIdhI tyArathI ja biMdusAra samrATa vaDatA sAcavI hatI.17 tene samaya ApaNe bane ema gaNI levuM vyAjabI lekhAze. te I. sa. pU. 363=ma. saM. 164 no aMdAja hisAbe I. sa. pU. 358 thI 330 sudhI tene mUkI zakIzuM. tyAMthI pAchA vaLI ujainImAM sattAkALa lekhAya. vasavATa karatAM eka divasa pate rAjamahelamAM jo ke caMdragupta dIkSA lIdhI hatI paNa sate hatuM tyAre nidrAmAM tene aneka svapnAM paM. cANakayajI te haju saMsArIpaNe hevAthI lALyAM hatAM. te teNe tyAM birAjatA svadharma tenI salAhane lAbha rAjA biMdusArane maLato ja zAsaka ane dhuraMdhara dhamAcArya evA zrutakevaLI hite. I. sa. pU. 358 mAM rAjyanI lagAma zrI bhadrabAhasvAmIne kevI rIte kahI saMbhaLAvyA biMdusAra svahaste lIdhI tyAre tenI umara cauda tathA temanA upadezathI pote viraktabhAve dIkSA varSanI thaI gaI hatI eTale te samayanI vayanI laI8 dakSiNa dezamAM AvelA pitAnI ja iyattAnara hakumatavALA zrAvaNabelagola tIrthe jaI kevI rahe che, paNa pu. 2, pR. 216 mAM jaNAvyA rIte pitAnA zeSa manuSya jIvananuM sArthaka karyuM pramANe te nabaLA bAMdhAne hevAthI, umaranA te sarva vRttAMta pustaka bIjAmAM varNavAI gayuM pramANamAM nAno hoya ema dekhAva thata hate. che, eTale ahIM piSTapeSaNa na karatAM mAtra tene chatAM te UNapa paM. cANakayanI hAjarIthI IzAre karIne ja choDI daIzuM. ahIM AgaLa DhaMkAI jatI hatI. samrATa caMdraguptanuM varNana pUruM thAya che. biMdusAra samrATa banyA tyAre tene amala (2) biMdusAra sArAye bhAratavarSa upara tapato hato. ane jyAMrAjA caMdragupta dIkSA levAthI biMdusAra gAdIe sudhI paM. cANakyajInI haiyAtI hatI tyAM sudhI Avyo hato. tyArathI tenuM rAjya zarU thaI gayuM temAM kAMI paNa kSati pahoMce tevo saMbhava na gaNavAmAM Ave che. jo ke caMdraguptanuM maraNa te heta; paNa paMDitajInuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 35bhAM te bAda bAra varSe nIpajyuM che eTale te hisAbe tenA rAjya navame varSe nIpajatAM, mahAamAtyanuM biMdusAranuM gAdIe AvavuM paNa tyAre ja gaNAya; pada subaMdhu nAme mahAmaMtrIne zire naMkhAyuM. te paNa jaina dharmanI dIkSA lenArathI (sAdhu avasthAmAM potAnA purogAmInI kIrti mATe asUyA dharAvate ta umare pahAcele. (18) pu. 2. caMdraguptanA varNane pR. 200 upara " gAdItyAganuM kAraNa" vALI hakIkta juo. (16) e pu. 2, 5. 185 ane AgaLa zAzvatuM kahevAtAM chatAMya kALanA jhapATAmAM" nA zI- paMkavANuM varNana, (17) jue pu. 2, pR. 183 ane AgaLa "dharmaprItinA anya purAvA " vALuM lakhANa. (19) A hakIkata ja ApaNane khAtrI Ape che ke dakSiNa bhAratadeza caMdraguptanI ANamAM hatA.

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30 OU hovAthI, kAMIka vicitra rIte ja kAryabhAra calAvatA hatA. chatAM paMDitajInA maraNa bAda traNeka varSe I. sa. pU 346 mAM caMdragupta muninuM avasAna thayuM tyAM sudhI rAjakArabhAramAM kAMi ja navInatAnuM tattva pravezavA dIdhuM nahatu. paNa have te samrATa temaja maDAamAtya, bannene mAthethI zirachatrAne lApa thayA eTale te manamAM kAve tema vartavA lAgyA. jenI asara sAmrAjya upara thAya te svAbhAvika ja che. paNa eka tA sAmrAjya melu rahyuM tema tenA pAyA khUba majabUta ane UMDA nakhAi gayela, eTale ekadama teA, te hacamacatA najare paDe tema nahAtu, chatAM svacchaMda rAjyaamalamAMthI pariNamatA kuLanA paDachAyA -paDachaMdA patharAvAno prAraMbha tA thaI cUkayA ja hatA. sauthI prathama tenA dekhAva dakSiNa hiMdamAM najare paDayA. tyAMnA ati cothA je cadraguptane khaDiyA hatA (pu. 2 mAM juo sikkA na'. 67-68 ) ane aprabhratya kahevAtA teNe tAkhedArInI jhUMsarI pheMkI dai, potAne svataMtra jAhera karI dIdho. (jIe pu. 2 mAM sikko na, 57) ane te svata Mtra thatAM tenAthI paNa dakSiNe AvelA, eTale ke magadhathI vizeSa dUra paDelA evA cAlA, pAMDaya vigere ApoApa chUTA paDI gayA lekhAya. pachI tene taddana svataMtra lekhavA ke A ardhapatinA AzrayI gaNavA te prazna judo Thare che. paNa samajavAne kAraNa maLe che ke te apatinA tAkhe ja hatA; kemake hiMdanA pazcima kinArethI maLI AvatA keTalAka sikkA uparathI pUravAra thAya che, ke hiMdanA pazcima kinArA te zuM, paNa te uparaMta kaliMga deza upara paNa, apati ceAdhApAMcamAnI sattA cAlI rahI hatI. matalaba ke AkhA dakSiNa hiMda have magadhasAmrAjyanA bhAga lekhAtA baMdha paDI gayeA hatA. tene samaya mAya samrATAnA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ saptama ApaNe i. sa. pU. 746 thI 348 sudhI mUkIzu. mAtra tenI hakumata have uttara hiMdanA jeTalI ja AvI rahI hatI; balke kahIe ke have tA tyAM paNa dhIme dhIme tenI asara pahoMcavA mAMDI hatI; ane Aya? AkhA uttara hiMda paNa te gumAvI esata; paNa tenA pUrvaje ArabelI rAjanIti kAMIka tenI madade AvI lAgI hatI. kemake rAjakAjamAM madadarUpa thai paDe mATe potAnA yuvarAjane peAtAnI pAse ja pATaliputramAM teNe rAkhyA hatA ane bIjA putrAmAMthI azAka je hatA te kAMika cAlAka mAlUma paDavAthI tene atimAM sUbApade niyukta karyAM hatA. ANe potAnI sattA taLenA uttara hiMdamAMnA ati ane saurASTrane barAbara jALavI rAkhyA hatA. jethI teTale darajye te nirbhaya hateA kharA, paNa rAjanagarathI dUra Avela evA pajAbAdi pradezamAM, phAve tA kAi khA tyAM nImavAmAM na AvyA hoya tethI ke tyAM je sUkSma mUkayA hoya te tyAMnI paristhitine kAbUmAM rAkhI zake tevA khabadAra na haiAya tethI, game tema paNa paMjAba taranA nAnA nAnA kSatriya rAjAe cAnIcA thavA mAMDayuM hatuM. te sarve e jo ekatra thaIne saMgaThitapaNe svata MtratA jAhera karI dIdhI hota to hiMdusAranI magadUra nahAtI ke tyAMnA mAmaleA te kAbUmAM rAkhI zakata; paNa tenA sadbhAgye paMjAbanA rAjavIe, peAtAnA kAI saradAra nImI tenA dhvaja taLe ekatrita maLIne kAma na letAM ApasapasamAM spardhA karavA mAMDI hatI; eTale ke AkhA paMjAbamAM te samaye baLavA jevu rUpa thai paDayuM hatu; (I. sa. pU. 335 AsapAsa ) tethI biMdusAre potAnA yuvarAja sudhImane tyAM zAMti pAtharavA mAkalI dIdhAH ane suSImane te vakhate suyazaja maLyA hatA ema kahIe te paNa cAle. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] paNa tyAM ThIkaThAka karIne suSIma pAche! magadhamAM AvI gayA ke traNeka varSamAM vaLI pAchA baLavA ugra svarUpe kATI nIkaLyA. I. sa. pU. 332-1; eTale A vakhate paNa tyAM jaine baLavA zAMta pADavAnuM kAma samrATa biMdusAre potAnA yuvarAjane zire ja nAMkhI dIdhuM. te tyAM gayA kharA, paNa A vakhate khaLavAnA vistAra paNa moTA hatA tema svarUpa paNa kAMIka ugra hatuM; eTale ke paristhiti kAbUmAM rahe tevI nahotI; chatAM teNe banatA prayatna karI khaMDa samAvavA mAMDayuM. tyAM kAI baDakhA2e dagA karI yuvarAjanuM khUna karI nAMkhyuM. te samAcAra pATaliputra paheAMcatAM ja biMdusAre tyAMthI eTale magadha jeTalA dUra paDela dezathI kAine meAkalavuM temAM vilaMba thAya mATe, vacce AvI rahela atinA sUbA ane peAtAnA putra azokane paMjAbamAM UDI javAnI AjJA kramAvI dIdhI. azAke tyAM jaI majabUtapaNe kAma laI sa zAMta karI dIdhuM ane sa` khaMDakhArAne jera karI vALyA. te zubha samAcAra pATaliputra karI vaLyA. paNa hiMdusAranA kAne samagra sthitinA hevAla paheAMcatAM te eTalA badhA AvezamAM AvI gayA hatA ke tenA jozamAM te jozamAM magajamAMnI leAhInI nasa tUTI gai ane pariNAme tenu mRtyu thayuM. I. sa. pU. 330. (3) azAkavana, rAjyavistAra atyAra sudhI itihAsanA pAne evI hakIkata nAMdhAtI AvI che, ke sadhaLA hiMdI samrATAmAM azAkavana mauryanA rAjyanA vistAra sArA bhAratavaSa upara sauthI vizeSa pramANamAM patharAyaleA hatA. ane tethI vistAranI apekSAe tenA naMbara pahelA mUkAyA che. A hakIkatavALu' kathana ghaNA ja sudhArA mAMge che je ApaNe nIcenI sAbitIothI joi zakIzuM, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 31 rAjA biMdusAranA vRttAMte ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke tenA maraNa samaye magadhapatine tAkhe mAtra hiMdanA uttara bhAga ja hatA; jyAre dakSiNa hiMdu aMdhrapatinI sattAmAM hatA ane biMdusAranA mRtyu samaye rAjya vitAranI je sthiti hAya te ja tenI gAdIe AvanAra azokavanane vArasAmAM maLI hatI ema gaNavu' rahe. eTale tAtparya e thayeA ke zekavardhana jyAre gAdIe AvyA tyAre tenA AdhipatyamAM kevaLa uttara hiMdanA ja bhAga hatA. temAM paNa pa MjAmavALA bhAga te adhakacarI zAMti bhAgavatA pradeza hatA. rAjA biMdusAranA nabaLA vahIvaTanI haDDItA sAMbhaLIne grIka zahenazAha alekajhAMDaranI mahattvAkAMkSAne hiMdu upara dhasI AvavAnuM prAtsAhana maLyuM hatuM ane jotajotAmAM vacce AvatI irAnI zahenazAhatane jamInadosta karI, pote hiMdanA kinArA sudhI AvI paNa paheAMcyA hatA. te sava vRttAMta pu. 2, pR. 226 thI 243nA paricchedamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. temAM vaLI jyAre teNe samrATa biMdusAranA maraNunA tathA pujAbamAM maLavA jAgyAnA samAcAra jANyA tyAre te vizeSa tvarita gatithI kUca karavA maMDI paDayA ane tema karI hiMdanA pazcima kinAre te i. sa. pU. 328 mAM AvI pahoMcyA hatA. pachI teNe bhItaramAM ghusavA prayatna karyo ke vastusthiti jevI manamAM kahapI rAkhI hatI tenA karatAM kAMika kaThina anubhavamAM dekhAvA lAgI; kemake baLavA tA kharI rIte zamI ja gayA hatA ane UlaTu biMdusAranA nabaLA vahIvaTane badale, tenA putra azAkanA prabhAvazALI ane kaDaka amala zarU thai gayA hatA. paNa tethI karIne sAhasika yavana zahenazAha kAMI hiMmata hArI jAya tevuM nahotuM ja. teNe kAMI kAMI praznAbhanA ApI, ratAmAM prathama www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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maiA AvatA takSilApati rAjA AMbhine petAnA pakSamAM laI lIdhA ane pachI AgaLa vadhatAM rAkhta pArasanA sAmanA jhIlavA mAMDyA. alabatta, rAjA porasanI sAthe kAma levAmAM tene rAjA mabhinI peThe saraLatA paDI naheAtI; paNa chevaTe teNe tene hAra khavarAvI tenA mulaka yavana hakumata nIce mUkI dIdhA. Ama karatAM Akhare te satalaja nadInA kinAre i. sa. pU. 327mAM AvI pahoMcyA. tyAM magadhapati azAka paNa sAmethI AvI pahAMcyA eTale yavanapatinI kUca upara aMkuza mUkAyA. matalaba ke azoke atyAra sudhImAM (eTale peAtAnA rAjyanA prathama traNa varSamAM I. sa. pU. 330thI 327 sudhImAM) pAtAne maLela vArasAnI bhUmimAMthI hiMdanA vAyavya khuNAnA agatyanA bhAga gumAvI dIdhA hatA. have ahIM AgaLa ja kharA jaMga jAmavAnA hatA ane yavanapati / magadhapati emAMthI kANu baLIyA kahevAya tenI parIkSA thavAnA samaya hatA; kemake atyAra sudhI vanapatie jItI lIdhelamAMnA rAjA abhi ane rAjA pArasa tA, tenI pAse atyaMta nAnA ja kahevAya, eTale temane hAra khavarAvavAmAM kAMi bahu moTA parAkramanI vAta nahotI. paNa grIka itihAsakArAe je kare bAdazAha alekajhAMDara ane magadhapati azAkanI vaccenI mulAkAtAnA prasaganA lakhI rAkhyA che ane je ApaNe akSarazaH pu. khIjAmAM pR. 228 upara utAryAM che, te uparathI mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che, ke yavanapati vizeSapaNe rAjakAraNamAM dAradamAmathI ane dAvapecathI ja kAma lenAra haze. eTale prathama mulAkAte ja dANA cAMpI jotAM, jevA azAkane 3ra (20) kharI vAta che ke vacce irAnI zahenazAhatane chUMdI nAMkhI temanA mulaka upara pAtAnA vAvaTA kukatA karyo hatA, paNa te mAtra vacce AvatA lAbha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat samrATAnA [ saptama khAhubaLI joyA ke turata ja teNe pITha pheravavAnu vyAjabI dhAryuM lAge che. grIka itihAsakAroe vanapatinI pIchehaTha karavAnA kAraNarUpe ema jaNAvyuM che ke, grIka sainya lagabhaga sAta-sAta varSa jeTalA lAMbA samayanA yuddhanA thAkane laine kaMTALI gayuM hatuM tathA navA jItelA mulakanI havA temane anukULa paDatI na hovAthI herAnaparezAna thai gayuM hatuM. A hakIkata keTaleka aMze mAnya rAkhavA jevI paNa che, kemake pAchA vaLatA samayanI musAphrImAM tenA ghaNA sainiA marI gayA lAge che temaja yavanapati pAte paNa mRtyuvaza thayA che; chatAM pote jItI lIdhelA ane have teA potAnA ja vahIvaTa taLe AvI gayelA mulakamAMthI, sIdhAsaTa svadeze paheAMcI zakAya tevuM hovA chatAM, lothapotha zarIre ane maratAla taMduraratImAM, taddana navA ja mulakamAMthI pasAra thavAnA mArgo teNe akhatyAra karyAnu ApaNe jyAre vicArIe chIe, tyAre te temAM kAMIka anya hetu paNa rahyo haze evA anumAna upara javu paDe che. kemake jo paMjAba raste ja, jema AvyA hatA tema pAchA vaLe te teNe hiMdanI bhUminA. kevaLa nAnA bhAga ja tAbe karyAM kahevAya. jyAre potAnA dezathI sainikAne upADayA tyAre te evAM svamAM sevatAM upADayA haiAvA oie, ke hiMdamAM sarvatra pApAbAInu rAjya che eTale capaTI vAramAM ApaNe te mulaka sava jItI laI tyAMnA svAmI banI khesIzuM. temAM vaLI jyAre nabaLI irAnI zahenazAhatane teNe ukheDI nAMkhI tyAre tA temanI te mAnyatA vadhAre majabUta banavA pAmI hatI. paNa have jyAre najarAnajara temaNe hiMdane uThAvavAnA hatA. bAkI temanI murAda tA hiMdane jItavA mATe hatI. mATe ahIM te pramANe sthiti vicAravI rahe che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] rAjyavistAra 33 joyuM, ane temAM paNa azokavardhana sAthenI teone ane hiMdu rAjAone aMdara-aMdara mulAkAtanuM pariNAma dhAryA karatAM juduM ja avizvAsa jAmavAne lIdhe, vAraMvAra saMdharSaNa thayA anubhavyuM, tyAre temane vicAra karavo paDyo hoya ke, karatuM hatuM, ane kaI kaI vakhata te udhADA je ATalo nAno bhAga ja meLavIne svadeza baLavA jevuM svarUpa paNa thaI jatuM dekhAtuM hatuM. tarapha pAchA vaLIzuM te sainyamAM asaMtoSa praka- aMte jyAre I. sa. pU. 317 mAM rAjA piraTaze? ane kIrti meLavIne moTA baNagAM sanuM khUna yavana saradAre karyuM ane pariNAme kAvavAM zarU karyA che te sarva dhULa maLI jaze. tyAM sakhata baLavo phATI nIkaLyo, tyAre te takane eTale AvyA te raste pAchA na pharatAM, nadI lAbha laI, azoke tyAM caDI jaIne yavanonI mAge siMdha dezamAM utarI, nadhaNiyAtA mUla- kAla karI temanA saradAra yuDemasane gAMsaDAkamAMthI pasAra thavAmAM ane te bahAne tyAMthI peTalA sahita hiMda bahAra nasADI mukyo tyAre je prApta thAya te hAthavage karI letA javAmAM ja paMjAbamAM zAMti vaLavA pAmI. aMte eka zuM khoTuM che? AvI rAjaramata ramavAmAM AvI vakhata gumAvI besela te mulaka pAchA pharIne hoya tema banavAjoga che. nahIM to zuM te evo magadha sAmrAjyamAM azoke bheLavI dIdhe. I. sa. mUrkha hatA ke sarvanI lathaDatI tabIyata hevA - pU. 316. jo ke A pramANe te bAjunuM tenuM chatAM, Arogya-sudhAraka mArga grahaNa karavAnuM kArya saMpUrNa thaI gayuM hatuM chatAM ArAma laIne badale UlaTuM tene ghAtaka nIvaDe tevAM pagalAM te besI zake tevuM tenA bhAgyamAM lakhAyuM ja bhare khara ? game tema hoya, te vastu sAthe nahotuM kemake yavananI kala thaI jANI ane ApaNe bahu nisabata nathI. ApaNe to azoka- temane pagadaMDo haMmezane mATe nIkaLI gayela vardhana para eTaluM ja jaNAvavuM rahe che ke jANI, marahuma alekajhAMDaranA jamaNuM hAtha samAna tene potAne maLela vArasAmAMthI, keTaleya mulaka lekhAtA ane tenI gAdI pacAvI pADanAra saradAra pitAnA rAjyanI zarUAtamAM gumAvavo paDyo hato. selyukasa nikeTara je hamaNuM siriyAne rAjA alekajhAMDara pAsethI chUTI AvyA bAda thaI paDyuM hatuM, teNe hiMda upara AkramaNa upara azekane rAjyAbhiSeka paNa pATaliputramAM thaI AkramaNa lAvavA mAMDyAM. kahe che ke I. sa. pU. gaye hatuM tema te bAda thoDAka mahine aleka- 316 thI 304 vaccenA bAra varSanA gALAmAM jhAMDaranuM bharaNa paNa nIpajI cUkayuM hatuM, eTale te aDhAreka vakhata dhasAro lAvI cUkayo hato; tene thoDeghaNe aMze kaLa te vaLI hatI ja; paNa paNa aMte te hAryo hato ane tene nAmozIbharI nazIbane te evo to baLIyA hatuM ke eka taha azodha sAthe karavI paDI hatI. A pachI eka upAdhi tene zIre lAgI paDI ja hatI. salAhane aMge selyukasa taraphathI azokavardhanane alekajhAMDaranA maraNa bAda tenA yavana saradAra aphagAnistAna mAMhelA cAra prAMte tathA tenI jene paMjAbamAM zAsana calAvavA mUkayA hatA, eka putrI lagnamAM maLyAM hatAM. hiMdI itihAsamAM (21) grIka ItihAsakAroe eTaluM te svIkAryuM A raste grahaNa karyo hato. eTale pachI je anumAna ja che ke, senikomAM asaMtoSa na pragaTe mATe teNe meM devuM che te vyAjabI Thare che. pa. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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34 maurya samrATane [ sakSama A prathama ja ane kadAca chelle ja daSTAMta kahe- tyAre tyAM dharmapracAra mATe bodhivRkSa mokalyuM vAze jemAM eka hiMdI bhUpatine tahanAmAnI ane te sarvane phehapUrvaka vidAya ApavA rUIe hiMda bahAranI bhUmi hissAmAM InAma pitAnA rAjyanA samudrataTavALA pradeze pate tarIke ApavAmAM AvI hoya; matalaba ke aze- ja hAjara thayA ha. A vidAyagirinuM sthAna kane hiMda bahAranI bhUmi je prApta thaI te banAva vartamAnakALanA madrAsa ilAkAmAM uttara sirakhacita ja tenI yaza gAthAmAM eka kalagIrUpe ja kAranA je prAta che ane jyAM mahAnadI baMgALa gaNavA jevo che. upasAgarane maLe che tyAMnI AsapAsanI bhUmi - jyAre eka bAju i. sa. pU. 326 thI samajavI. matalaba ke azakavardhananA rAjyanI 304 sudhI upara pramANe tenuM citta hiMdanA dakSiNa hada ahIMthI ja aTakatI hatI. te pachI vAyavya khUNuM tarapha rokAyeluM rahyuM hatuM tyAre dakSiNa bhAga te aMdhrapatinA tAbAmAM hato, bIjI bAju tenA pitAnA gRhavyavahAramAM paNa nahIta mahAnadInA mukhavALA sthaLane badale te kAMI sukhI ane AnaMdakAraka jIvana gALato tenI dakSiNe jyAMthI siMhaladvIpa najIkamAM najIka paDe rahe ema vidhAtAe lakhyuM ja nahotuM. paDe tevA sthAnethI ja temane vidAya Apata. eka bAju tenI paTarANI gaNAtI tibarakSitAe eka vAtanI atre yAda ApavAnI ke, itihAsarAjakhaTapaTamAM upADe lIdhe hati tathA teNI kAroe azoka ane priyadarzinane eka mAnIne zithilAcArI banI beThI hatI, tyAre bIjI priyadarzine kotarAvela ane maiisura rAjyanI bAju tenA dharmopadezaka bauddhAcAryoe paNa kAMI madhye AvelA siddhAgiri, bahmagiri AdinA ochI rahevA dIdhI nahotI. eTale krodhamAM AvI lekhanA AdhAre ema jaNAvyuM che ke, azokanA jaI tibarakSitAne teNe jIvatI bALI mUkI rAjyanI hada TheTha madrAsa ilAkAnA dakSiNa bhAga hatI. teNInI putrI saMghamitrAne koI ajJAta sudhI laMbAI hatI; paNa ahIM to ema sAbita (ane kadAca rogiSTa paNa haze tevA) murati- thAya che ke azokanI hada mAtra mahAnadInA mukha tyAre paraNAvI dIdhI hatI ane bauddhadharma sudhI ja hatI. A hakIkatathI ema pUravAra thaI pratyenI arUci batAvavA naryAlaya jevI saMsthAo zake che ke, azoka ane priyadarzina ane vyaughADI mUkI hatI. chevaTe pelo (juo pu. 2, kti ja bhinna che, nahIM te priyadarzina ane azepR. 68 ) ukaLatA telanA kaDAvALo bauddha bhikSu- kanA rAjyanI hada judI kema paDI jAta? A kane banAva banavAthI tene krodha upazamI gayo badho lAMbe vRttAMta atra utAravAne tAtparya eTale nakala kADhI nAkhyuM. bauddhadharmanuM trIjuM eTalo ja che ke, tenuM jIvana I. sa. pU. 326 sAdhu saMmelana yevuM ane temAM purA ThAThamAThathI pachInA be eka varSathI AraMbhIne I. sa. pU. saMtA-kumAra maheMdra ane kuMvarI saMghamitrA 312 sudhInA cauda varSa sudhI te gRhakaleza ane (je lagna pachI be varase ja vidhavA thaI hatI)ne tenA lapharAMmAM ja aTavAI paDayuM hatuM. A pramANe bauddhadharmanI dIkSA ApI. vaLI vizeSamAM te eka bAju mAnasika upAdhimAM ane bIjI bAju sAdhuo jyAre siMhaladvIpa javAne pAchA vaLyA zArIrika herAnagatimAM che selyusa sAthenI (2) nIce juo; kAraNa ke nahI te doDha be varSamAM te maraNa kema pAme?

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paricacheda ] rAjyavistAra 35 caDAIo mATe deDAdoDI karavAmAM) teno samaya eTale to kAI jato hato ke, tenA pUrvajoe gumAvela prAMti meLavavA tarapha te bIlakula lakSa ApI zake tevo avakAza ja maLato nahoto. tenA nasIbe eTaluM haju khuzI thavA jevuM hatuM ke, teNe vArasAmAM meLavela hiMdI prAMto emane ema sAcavI rAkhyA hatA. AvI upAdhiomAMthI je tene kAMI paNa nirAMta vALIne besavA jevo vakhata Avyo hoya, te te I. sa. pU. 304 mAM selyukasa sAthe saMdhI thaI, tyArapachI ja AvyA che. tyArapachI ja te potAnuM citta dakSiNa hiMda tarapha deDAvavAne zaktivaMta thayo hata; paNa te ja sAlamAM tene mATe ati AhalAdajanaka eka prasaMga e Ubho thavA pAme, ke jene lIdhe tenA mAthethI rAjakAjane ane saMsArane ghaNekhara bhAra utarI gaye; ane potAnA jIva nanI te ghaDIne dhanya dhanya mAnavA lAgyA. te banAva pitAnA cha putra ane yuvarAja-aMdha kuNAla sAthenuM dIrdhakALa pachI thayeluM milana; ane sAthe sAthe potAne patra sAMpaDyAnI mAMga lika vadhAmaNI; A pramANe be prasaMganI prApti hatI. A samayathI te pote mukuTadhArI rAjA tarIkenuM jIvana gALato baMdha thaya gaNAya; kemake teNe pitAnI gAdI upara potAnA pelA bALa-pautrane sthApita karI dIdho hato. eTale pite te mAtra eka vAlI tarIke ja rAjakArabhAra calAvato hato. A uparathI joI zakAze ke tenI sattA mAtra uttara hiMdanA pradeza upara ja hatI, chatAM eka bAragI ema dalIla uThAvAya ke, vAlI tarIkenA tera-cauda varSane kALa paNa tenA rAjya tarIke ja gaNavo joIe. te kahevuM paDaze ke, te AkhA samaya daramyAna teNe tadana zAMta jIvana ja gALyuM hoya ema jaNAya che. koI pradeza upara svArI laI jaIne jItI lIdho hoya, evo keI jAtano kayAMyathI purAvo maLI AvatA nathI. UlaTuM bauddha sAhityanA AdhAre te vaLI evI hakIkata nIkaLe che ke, teNe dhArmika pravRttimAM jIvana gujAravA mAMDayuM hovAthI, rAyakhajAne ekalo ja dAnamAM daI dIdhe hato ema nahIM, paNa sAthe sAthe-khajAnAmAM rokaDa dravya na rahe vAthI keTaluMka bhUmidAna paNa karI vALyuM hatuM. matalaba ke sAmrAjyanA vistAramAM koIpaNa pradezane umere karavAne badale, teNe uNapa ja AvavA dIdhI hatI. eTale ke svataMtra samrATa tarIkenA tenA 28 varSanA rAjya amalamAM che, pAchaLanA vAlI tarIkenA 13 varSa gaNIne kule 41 varSanA rAjyaamalamAM, dakSiNa hiMdanI jIta mATe teNe kAMI ja prayAsa Adaryo jaNAto nathI. ATalA varNanathI vAcakanI have khAtrI thaI haze ke, azokavardhananA rAjyane viratAra saghaLA maurya samrATe te zuM, paNa saghaLA hiMdI bhUpatiomAM paNa naMbara pahelo dharAvate hevAnuM, je kathana uparamAM AraMbha karatAM je TAMkayuM che, te keTaluM sudhAravA yogya che. kadAca priyadarzinane azeka lekhIne je te pramANe kathana karAyuM hoya, to paNa tenuM rAjya to hiMdanI bahAra paNa ghaNuM vistarAyeluM hatuM eTale, te dRSTie paNa tene anyAya karyo hovAnuM kahI zakAzeH ane ekalA azokanuM ja lekhIne te kathana uccArAyuM hoya te tene mATe atizayokti vaparAI che ema ja kahevuM paDaze. koIpaNa rIte letAM, atyArasudhI baMdhAyelo mata ApaNe have sudhAro ja rahe che. (4) priyadarzina tenA jya-parAjaya ane rAjyavistAra viSe anne vizeSa lakhavApaNuM rahetuM nathI, kemake pu. 2 mAM tenuM jIvanacaritra AlekhatI vakhate ja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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36 mairya samrATane [ saptama teNe pratyeka dizAmAM karela digvijaya yAtrAnuM rAjyanI eka khAsa khUbI e thaI paDI hatI ke, varNana karatAM karatAM (juo pu. 2. pR. 304 thI phAve te hiMdamAM--pachI te pradeza kAM najIkane AgaLa) A hakIkata saviratara jaNAvI dIdhI na hotAM dUra dUrano hoya--ke phAve to hiMda bahArane che ; chatAM jyAre A pariccheda khAsa rAjya- hoya, paNa dareka ThekANe jyAM jyAM teNe jIta meLavI viratArane aMge ja rakhAya che tyAre tene khyAla hatI, tyAM tyAMnA eka paNa dezane khAlasA karI ApaNuM magajamAM tAjo rahe te mATe tenuM TUMkamAM lIdhe nahoto; paNa mAM banyuM tyAM tenA pUrvabhUta varNana karIzuM ane je muddA tyAM (pu 2 jAmAM) zAsakane ja te pada upara sthApita karye rAkhyA lakhavA rahI gayA haze athavA je upara khAsa hatA; ane jyAM tevI sagavaDa na ja utarI hatI, dhyAna kheMcavA jevuM haze teTalA pUratuM ja vive- tyAM pitA taraphathI navo hAkema nAkhyo hato. A cana karIzuM. pramANe rAjyanA aneka prAMto pADI, dareka upara kayA varase kayo mulaka cho vigerenuM ahIMnuM akeka bo nImI, rAjya calAvavAnI guMthaNa varNana anukramavAra samajavAnuM nathI paNa mudA karI hatI. ane sAthe sAthe te aMgikAra karela samajavA pUratuM ja lekhavAnuM che. dharmane pracAra paNa karyo rAkhyo hato. vyavasthA - rAjagAdIe ArUDha thayA pachI vArApharatI mATe A pramANe karatAM tenA rAjyane vistAra, akeka dizAmAM prayANa karIne, je deza tAbe nahotA uttaramAM himAlayanI pelI pAra tibeTa, kherAna te jItI lIdhA ane je tAbe hatA paNa tyAM ane eziyA khaMDanA madhya turkastAna sudhI, pazcime kAMI asaMtoSa jevuM hatuM tyAM tene zAMtvana ApI miriyA ane eziAI turkastAna ane kadAca pitAnuM rAjya ekadama sudaDha karI nAMkhyuM. je je misara sudhI, tathA dakSiNe kanyAkumArIkA sudhI mulaka jItI lIdhA hatA tenA tenA rAjAne, amuka pahoMcyo hato; paNa dakSiNe siMhaladvIpamAM ane prakAranI khaMDaNI ke anya sara ravIkAvarAvIne agnikhUNe brahmadeza ke sumAtrA, jAvA tarapha teNe te te sthAne punaH sthApita karI dIdhA hatA khAsa pitAno vijyavaMta bahu laMbAvyo hato ke kema, jaNAvavAnuM eTaluM ja ke, prAcIna samayanI gaNa- athavA potAnA dharma pracAra mATe anya dezonI taMtra rAjyanI prathA je cAlI AvatI hatI peThe - paNa dhamma mahAmAtrA mokalyA hatA ke temAMnA keTalAMka aniSTa to dUra karI, caMdragupta kema, tene kAI purA haju sudhI maLato nathI. paNa rAje paM. cANakyae kaMti bhAvanAnI je rAja- A mudo lakSamAM rAkhI, te tarapha zodhakhoLa karavAnI nIti amalamAM mUkavA mAMDI hatI ane jemAM AvazyakatA che kharI. ane je te pramANe tyAM barAbara rIte saphaLatA maLI nahatI, temAMthI je sthiti hovAnuM siddha thayuM che, jema pelI rIta rAjane temaja prajAne hitakAraka lAgI prakhyAta cinAI moTI dIvAla viSe navuM jANavA teTalI ja mAtra teNe grahaNa karI, bAkInI jatI jevuM tattva ApaNane maLI AvyuM che, tema A karI hatI ane keTalAkamAM sudhArA paNa karyA pradezamAMthI vaLI kAMI ora ja vastu hAtha lAgaze. hatA; chatAM kahevuM ja paDaze ke A pramANe karavAmAM ahIM AgaLa samrATa priyadarzananA rAjya5. cANakyanI rAjanIti ja kAMIka apavAda viratArane lagatuM varNana pUruM thAya che, paNa sivAya mukhyatve anusaravAmAM AvI hatI. tenA pratyeka rAjavI rAjayane citAra ApatA je Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] rAjyavistAra nakazo sAmela rAkhavAnI prathA ApaNe dAkhala karI che, te sarvanuM vihaMgadaSTie je samIkaraNa karIzuM, te turataja dekhAI Ave che ke jene bhAratadezanuM vRttAMta lakhanArA ItihAsakAroe aitihAsika yuga tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. tyArathI mAMDIne atyAra sudhImAM, IpaNa hiMdI bhUpa tie mamrATa priyadarzinanA jevaDA vizALa rAjyanA rayAmI tarIke nAmanA meLavI nathI. eTale ke tene naMbara prathama Ave che. temaja gAmamAM para paNu (ekAda-be apavAda sivAya) tenA jeTaluM dIrghakAlIna rAjatva koI hiMdI nRpatie bhAgavyuM dekhAtuM nathI; eTaluM ja nahIM paNa uparanAM be taronI sAthe sAthe prajAnI AbAdI, sukha saMti ane AtmakalyANanA kATale taLIne tenI rAjanItine AMka mAMDIzuM, te paNa tene naMbara ekadama prathama ja AvyA vinA rahetuM nathI. A sarve sthitimAM kAraNa game te hoya tenI UMDANabharI carcAmAM utaravAne A prasaMga nathI tema sthAna paNa nathI; paNa dekhItI rIte eTaluM to ravIkAryA vinA cAlatuM ja nathI, ke te sarvemAM tenI rAjyanItie anupama ane apUrva pATha bhajavyuM che. A kathananI satyAsatyatAnI khAtrI, tenA maraNa bAda mAtra pacIsa varSa jeTalA TUMka samayamAM ja tenA AvaDA moTA jaMgI ane advitIya vistAravaMta sAmrAjyane acabucapaNe je vinAza thavA pAmyo hato, tenAM kAraNanI samIkSA karavAthI paNa maLI zake che. A pachida rAjyavistAranA aMgene che, ane uparanA pArigrAphamAM varNavelI sthiti te viSayane je ke sIdhI rIte sparzatI nathI, paNa tenI asara apakSa rIte savistAra upara thatI hovAthI teno ullekha karavAnI jarUra paDI che. tevI ja rIte eka bIjo prazna paNa rAjyaviratAra upara aparokSa rIte potAnI asara nIpajAvata hovAthI ane tene AvirbhAva have pachI vAraMvAra thato rahetA hovAthI, te vizenI samajUtI paNa atre ApI devAnI jarUra che. A prazna paradezI AkramaNakArone lagata che. niyama che ke kAraNa vinA kArya saMbhavatuM ja nathI. te nyAye AkramaNa laI javAmAM paNa amuka hetuo rahelA hoya che. sAdhAraNataH tenuM nIce pramANe vargIkaraNa karI zakAya che. (1) kevaLa kutuhaLane lIdhe ja karavAmAM Ave che. eTale temAM te tyAM jaI te dezanA havApANI, prajAnI rItabhAta jevAM ane sAthe sAthe hAthamAM AvI jAya teTalo dravyasaMcaya karatA AvavuM teTalA pUrato ja hetu hoya che. (2) deza chatavAne IrAdo hoya cheAmAM te tyAMnI prajAne (athavA rAjya karatI vyaktine) jItIne tyAM pitAnuM varcasva jamAvavAnuM hoya che. pachI tyAM ne tyAM ja vasAhata karI, TharI hAma besavuM ke pitA taraphana I adhikArI nImI rAjataMtra calAvavuM, te judo ja prazna che. pahelA prakArane hetu jyAre rakhAyela hoya che, tyAre te Akramita (23) A mATe amAruM potAnuM ja maMtavya jAhera karIe tenA karatAM ItihAsanA prakhyAta videzI lekhaka che. eca. jI. veze pitAnA vicAro 1922 nA phrenDa megejhInanA sapTembaranA aMkamAM, je zabdomAM TAMkyA che ane je akSarazaH ApaNe pu, 2 mAM pU. 385 upara utAryo che te zabdo ja vAMcI javA vAcakane vinavIzuM; temaja pu2mAM pR. 382 thI 385 sudhImAM kAMgaDI gurU kuLanA samaye AcArya zrIyuta vidyAbhUSaNa alaMkAra jIe je aneka rAjakartA vijJAnavettAo, zodhake ane dhama. pracAra sAthe tenI tulanA karI batAvI che ane temanA potAnA ja zabdomAM utArI che, te paNa vAMcI javA vinaMti che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[ sAtama mArya samrATe 38. ane Akramaka prajA, bane TUMka sahavAsa, saMsarga ke saMparkamAM AvatI hovAthI, arasparasanA saMskAranuM mizraNa banavA pAmatuM nathI; paNa je bIjA prakAranuM lakSya rakhAyuM hoya te to ghATA saMsargane lIdhe banne prajAnI saMskRtinuM mizraNa Apasa ApasamAM thavA mAMDe che, ane kALagame te eTaluM to ekatapreta thaI jAya che, ke eka bIjAthI chUruM pADavuM ane kahyuM kevuM haze ema pArakhavAnuM kArya paNa kaThina thaI paDe che. paNa eTaluM te kharuM ke jenI zreSThatA vadhAre ne vadhAre prahaNIya bane che; prathama prakAranAM AkramaNe pitAnI kSaNika asaro nIpajAvavAnAM kAraNeTUMka samayamAM ja bhUlAI javAya che ane tethI karIne itihAsamAM tene bahu sthAna maLatuM nathI, ke te hakIkata ke divasa astitvamAM AvI hoya enuM nAmanizAna paNa zeDyuM jatuM nathI. jyAre bIjA prakAranAM AkramaNe, teNe nIpajAvela pariNAmonA pramANamAM, aitihAsika prasaMge tarIke oLakhItAM thAya che. AvI jAtanAM je aneka AkramaNe-pachI tene dhasAre, suvyavasthita goThavaNa karIne ekadama daSTie caDI jAya te rIte karavAmAM Avyo hoya ke vyApArika lAbho meLavavAnI gaNatrI rAkhIne maMdagatithI laI jatAM AyaM de tenuM svarUpa pheravAI jAya te rIte laI javAmAM AvyuM hoya, paNa hiMda upara thayelA je dhasArA ApaNI jANamAM AvyA che temAM sauthI pahelAmAM pahele I. sa. pU. 327 mAMne mauryasamrATa azokavardhananA rAjyAre karavAmAM Avela grIka zahenazAha alekajhAMDara dhI greITane mUkI zakAya tema che. tenI yojanA jyAre prathama ghaDavAmAM AvI haze, tyAre te eka lekhakanA maMtavya pramANe (juo pu. 2, pR. 381) tenuM rUpa tenA ja zabdomAM lakhyA pramANe kadAca haze 22:-Alexander's expedition was an organised one and had historians, geographers, scientists, merchants etc.-one object of Alexander's con quest was to spread Greek civiliza. tion abroad-alekajhAMDaranA humalA vyavasthita rIte goThavI rAkhyA hatA. temAM itihAsattAo, bhUgoLazAstrIo, vaijJAnika temaja vyApArIo vigere paNa hatA. te humalAnI mukhya eka murAda to paradezamAM grIka saMskRtine pracAra karavAnI hatI. paNa vaccethI ja tenuM svarUpa badalAI jatAM 4 temaja pAchaLathI paNa tenI dhAraNA 5 pramANe sthiti jaLavAI na rahetAM teno hetu phaLIbhUta thavA nathI pAmyo ema spaSTa samajAya che. te mATe te ja prakAre pitAnA vicAro nIcenA zabdomAM vyakata karyA che (juo pu. 2, pR. 381) ke-" The Indian probably regarded Alexander as a mighty robber and (24) zAmATe svarUpa badalAI gayuM tenuM kAraNa zedhavA jarUra paNa che. te mATe AgaLa upara juo. (25) jema abhirAjAne lAlaca batAvI ke bIjI rIte hathelImAM cAMda batAvI svapakSe jItI lIdho hato temaja sarvatra paNa "paDapAsA pobAra " karI levAze tevI dhAraNa sevI haze, paNa te dhAraNuM rAja pirasanA kissAmAM aphaLa thaI hatI, temaja azakavardhana sAme daradamAmathI kAma levA jatAM te pAche paDa hatA. A pramANe kAma levAnI tenI ja nIti-rIti heya ke, te samayanI te taraphanI prajAnI ja khAsIyata hoya, te judI vAta che; paNa vastunI kharIdImAM jema sAco sikko paNa khapamAM Ave che tema banAvaTI sikkAvaDe paNa kharIdI thaI zake che, chatAM sAcA sikkAthI karelI kharIdI prazaMsanIya lekhAya che. tevI ja upamA ane lAgu pADI sarakhAmaNI karI zakAze. (26) jIo uparanI TIkA.

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paricheda ] rAjyavistAra his expedition and conquests as a political hurricane. India was not changed, India was not Hellinised= hiMdIoe alekajhAMDarane bahudhA eka maTe dhADapADa ane tenA humalAne tathA vijayane mAtra rAjadvArI taphAna tarIke lekhyA che. hiMdustAnane palaTa thayuM nathI tema teNe grIka saMskRtine apanAvI paNa nathI, eTale ke alekajhAMDaranI murAda bara AvI nathI. temaja tenA AkramaNane nAme kaI hiMdI prAMtane vijaya thayo hovAnuM caDAvI zakAtuM nathI. bahu tyAre eTaluM ja kahI zakAya ke pacIseka varSo sudhI tenA saradAre e hiMdabhUmi upara paga TekavI rAkhyo hatoane temAMye ApasaApasamAM mArAmArI ne kApakupI jevI ja sthiti pravartI rahI hatI. te bAda lagabhaga savAso uparAMta varSo paradezIonA humalA sivAthanA vyatIta thaI javA pAmyAM che. alabatta, A varSo daramyAna paNa hiMdamAM paradezIo to hatA ane AvatA rahetA ja. paNa te vijetA thavAne ke zikSaka banI besavA mATe nahIM, paNa hiMdI prajAnA eka aMza banIne rahevA mATe athavA te vidyAthI banavA mATe ja AvatA jatA. A savAso varSamAMnA prathamanA cAlIseka sudhI temano pravAha hiMda tarapha the hato; paNa tevAmAM priyadarzinane rAjya amala pUra jeramAM tapata thaye. teNe pitAnA dha mahAmAtrAne tyAM mokalI temane Arya saMskRtinA mULAkSaro zIkhavI tenuM rasapAna karAvyuM, eTale te bAjunI prajAnA svabhAva tathA raheNIkaraNImAM jabarArata parivartana thavA pAmyuM. AthI karIne ja ItihAsanA uparanA lekhakane paNuM uccAravuM paDyuM che ke " one object of Alexander's conquest was to spread Greek civilisation abroad: but wc regret to see that he himself and his men were orientalised in Persia=elekajhAMDaranA humalAnI eka murAda to paradezamAM grIka saMskRtino pracAra karavAnI hatI, paNa noMdhatAM ApaNane dilagIrI upaje che ke tenuM temaja tenA mANasanuM parivartana IrAnamAM thaI gayuM hatuM."(jeTaluM IrAnane lAgu paDe che teTaluM hiMdane paNa lAgu paDe che tema samajavuM kemake IrAnanI saMskRti mULe hiMdanI ja che; tethI tene "pA gI" kahevAI che. asalamAM hiMdanA raghuvaMzI ane yaduvaMzI rAjAonI sattA taLe ja IrAna hatuM. juo AgaLa upara) eTale ja alekajhAMDare pitAnI saMskRtithI pUrvane AMjI nAMkhavAnA manoratha sevIne je AkramaNa karyuM hatuM, tene badale pote ja Arya saMskRtinI mahattA ane sarasAIthI mugdha banIne (pachI joIe to temAMnA sArA aMze cUMTI kADhI, pitAnAmAM Ameja karI levAya athavA to sthiti ane saMyogAnusAra tyAM jaI temanA vacce ja vasI karIne te aMze apanAvIne pote ja tevA banI javAya) te tarapha kheMcAI gayo hato. jyAre have pachInA AkramaNa lAvanArA 8 A hetu hato ema ApaNe temanI ---------- hama bhale game te vakhate karyo, paNa IrAnanI ane hiMdanI saMskRti te baMne vakhate kayAranIye eka sarakhApaNe cAlu ja hatI; mATe sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM vAMdho nathI. (28) A badhAM kathananI satyatA mATe A pustakamAM have pachI AlekhavAno "paradezI AkramaNa (27) ahIM varNana karAya che alekajhAMDaranA humalAnuM ane pariNAmanI sarakhAmaNI karAya che tenI pachInA pacAsa sATha varSe sthiti thaI hatI tenIeTale benI vacce kArya-kAraNano saMbaMdha nathI ema vAcakane lAMgaro; paNa mAre jaNAvavuM paDe che te eTaluM ja, ke elekajhAMDare Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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maiA 40 hIlacAla ane temaNe batAvela sadbhAvathI cAkhkhu joi zakIe chIe; kemake teeAe jyAM jyAM A prajA 2Athe bhAIcArA AMdhIne vasavATa karavAnuM yogya dhAyuM che, tyAM tyAM moTA bhAge temanI ja saMskRti potAnAmAM apanAvI laine, dhAraNa karI lIdhI che. tenI sAbitIe temanA ja racelA sikkA uparathI maLI Ave che. koI ema paNa kaheze ke, e teA paradezI vijetAoe prajAnI sa MkhyAne bahumAna ApavA29 ane temane satASavA khAtara ja temanI saMskRti pote vadhAvI lIdhI che, teA ApaNe temane e vastu jaNAvAvI paDaze ke (!) zuM temaNe vijetAonI manodazAnA ane temane caDelA madane pUrepUro abhyAsa karyo che ? ane (ra) je vastunI hariphAI mAM cAlatI hoya, tyAM kANu zreSThatAne varavA pAme che? sALa ke tithyaLa30 ? A pramANe vastusthiti thaI paDavAthI jyAre jyAre videzI humalA karanArAoe dhasArA karyA che, tyAre tyAre temaNe jyAM jyAM jIta meLavI, tyAM tyAM jo bIjo kAI pratyAya ke vizrva ADe nathI AvyAM, te| vasavATa ja karavA mAMDayA che. ane jyAre vasavATa kare, tyAre jamInanuM rekANu karavu paDe ja; jethI teTalA pramANamAM hiMdI rAjakoMgAnA rAjyavatAranI hada paN sa kAcAya ja. A nyAyane AdhIna rahIne, kAro " vALA AkhA khaMDanA sarva paricchede tapAsI tuo, eTale temanAM caritradhI ane jyAM jyAM sikkAe pra!sa thAya che tyAM tyAM te uparathI, khAtrI tharo ke temaNe patAnI saMskRti hiMdI prazna upar ThasAvavA karatAM, temanI ja saMskRti pote dhAraNa karI lIdhI che. (29) priyadarzinanA dhamamahAmAtrAne re vijaya maLyo hatA temAM saMkhyAnI bahumatie kAma karyu" kahevAya ke sa MskRtinI zvetAe ? (jIe upara.) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat samrATAnA [ saptama hiMdamAM have te e prajAnuM raheThANa thavAthIkemake hiM'dI prajA te| asalathI hiMdamAM hatI ja: temAM vaLI tenI sa MskRtinI zreSTatAthI AkarSAine ( ane kAMIka samRddhinuM AkaSaNa paNa kharUM ja sarvathA teA nahIM ja; kemake te samRddhi ja mukhya kAraNa hota, te| to manuSya svabhAtra pramANe saMskRtinI sugane lIdhe nAka mADI, samRddhine peAtAnA deza tarapha ghasaDI laI jaI, tyAM ja vasa vATa cAlu rAkhata; eTale khAtrI thAya che ke ahI hiMdamAM vasavATa karavAnuM mukhya kAraNa samRddhi karatAM, ahIMnI saMskRtinI zreSThatAnuM ja hatu. ) videzI prajAee paNa have teA rahevA mAMDayuM. eTale svAbhAvika che ke ekane badale e bhAga paDavAthI, jamInanI vaheMcaNI paDI gaI ane te te pramANamAM hiMdI rAjAnA rAjyanA vistAra kamI thavA mAMDayA. paradezI ane A saMskRtinAM saraNA vaccenA aitihAsika saMbaMdha A pramANe derI batAvAya tema che. ane tenI pUrNa jamAvaTa, alekajhAMDara pachI savAsA varSa eTale I. sa. pU. 327-121=200 nI lagabhaga thavA pAmI che, jene lIdhe ja paradezIonAM dhADedhADAM vAraMvAra hiMda upara utarI AvatAMra najare paDe che. ATalA lAMbA khulAsAthI vAcaka vargane have niHsa dehapaNe samAI gayu. hAvu joie, ke (30) jIe uparanI TIkA naM 29 tayA 25. (33) pAMca paradezI praznanA rAja amalanu vana A pustakamAM ApIzuM. te darekanA dRSTAMtane ahIM batAvela sUtranI kasoTIthI kasI joro ane khAtrI kararo ke A sUtra keTale ro satyapUrNa che, (32) krAipaNa vastunI uttamatA, zreSTatA ke sadguNatene pAta!ne hitakAraka gaNatrI ke ahitakAraka te te vakhatanA sthiti ane saMyoga upara AdhAra rAkhe che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] kyA kAraNathI paradezIe hiMda upara caDI AvavAne khaDe page taiyAra thaI rahyA hatA. ane e te siddhAMta che ke dArUgoLA jyAM taiyAra paDI rahyo hoya, tyAM mAtra eka ciNagArI lagADavAnI ke te UMDIne aDavAnI ja rAha joi rahe vAtI hoya che, eTale hiMdanI AMtarika vyavasthA ke sthiti / anukULatA sAMpaDatA ja, teoe peAtAnuM kArya AraMbhI dIdhuM jaNAya che. AvI eka taka, samrATa priyadarzananA maraNa bAda turata ja tenA satAnAmAM pravezelA dveSAsirUpI kusupe pUrI pADI hatI; ane tevI ja khIjI taka, zuMgavaMzI amlanA aMtamAM, te rAnnanA bhAgavilAsa ane vyabhicArI AcaraNane lIdhe utpanna thayela prajAnA asAthe pUrI pADI hatI. A rathaLeA paricchedamAM maurya vaMzanI ja hakIkata Ale. khata hAvAthI prathamanI takanuM varNana karavAmAM Avaze; jyAre bIjI takanuM varNana zuMgavaMzanA rAjyavistAranuM vRttAMta lakhavAno samaya AvI paheAMce tyAM sudhI mulatavI rAkhavuM paDaze. have mAtra eka vastusthiti upara lakSa dArIne mULa bAbata upara pAchA AvI jaIzuM. atyAra sudhI hiMdI rAjAe eka ja dhAraNa akhatyAra karye rAkhyuM hatuM. tadanusAra vijaya meLavela jamIna upara tenA pUnA rAjakartAne ja punaH sthApita karye jatA! paNa jo te rAjakartA ke tenA kAI hakadAra nIkaLI na AvatA, te te pradeza khAlasA karI potAnA rAjyamAM bheLavI kSetA. te dhAraNa have badalAvA lAgyu` hatu', kemake vijaya meLanAra jyAre paradezI hoya, tyAre tene te pAtAnI vasAhata karavA mATe jamIna joie ja; eTale te pAte tA ja telA pradezanA rAjavIne uThADI mUkIne potAne ja karI letA, ane vijaya meLavanAra hiMdI rAjA jo hoya to, kAMIka pUnA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat rAjyavistAra 1 saMskArane lIdhe bhUmi khAlasA karI levAnI icchA prathamamAM na rAkhe; paNa sa Mgati doSathI mANasa zuM zuM nathI karatA? eTale te paNa potAnA paradezI bhAibaMdha-pADAthI rAjA-nI peThe jamIna khAlasA karI lai peAtAnA rAjyamAM hAyAM karI javAnuM pagaluM bharatA dekhAyA che. mULa viSaya tarapha AvatAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, samrATa priyadarzinanA maraNabAda tenA 'zomAM ApasaApasamAM vairavRtti tathA eka bIjAnI caDatI sahana na karavAnI maneAdazA, ityAdi je durguNA udbhavyAM hatAM tene lIdhe temAMnA aneka jaNAe potapotAnI svataMtratA dhAraNa karI lIdhI hatI. pariNAme eka vakhata je mau sAmrAjayanI hada, hiMda bahAra vistarelI hatI tenA khe bhAgalA paDI gayA. hiMda bahAranI hada hatI tenA dhaNI te te pradezanA paradezI thai paDayA ane hiMdamAM je je prAMtA upara je je rAjyakartA ke sUbAo nImAyA hatA, te te teoe pacAvI pADayA. eTale priyadarzinanA sIdhA vArasadAranA hissAmAM te mAtra nAmanA ja pradeza rahevA pAmyA; ane A pramANe te pote nabaLA paDatAM, pAsenA ja pratApI ane parAkramI rAjAnA paMjAnA bhAga thai paDavAnA tenA vArA AvI lAgyA. A pramANe Akhuye maurya sAmrAjya TUMka samayamAM ja chinnabhinna thaIne adRzya thavA pAmyuM hatuM, jenuM varNana uparanA paricchede savistara lakhAi gayuM che, eTale ahIM' te pAchuM utAravAnI AvazyakatA rahetI nathI. uparamAM je be taka paradezIone lAdhyA bAbatanA isArA karI gayA chIe, temAMnI prathama taka-mauyavaMzI rAjyakartAonA samaye-je maLI hatI, tenu varNana samApta thayuM gaNAze. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariziSTa A pariziSTamAM vaNa velI hakIkata, cANa- kayA ane megethenIjhane lagatI I pu ra mAM jyAM temanA adhikAra lakhAyA che.eTale ke samrATa caMdragupta ke samrATa azokavardhananA rAjaya- vALA paricchede tyAM joDavI yu gaNAya; paNa pustaka bIjAne bahAra paDI gayAne sAta ATha mAsa thaI gayA che, tema tenuM mULa lakhANa te lagabhaga ATha varSa upara lakhAine taiyAra thai gayuM hatuM. jayAre ava Ameja karelI hakIkata vaDedarA zaheramAMthI prasiddha thatA 'paDakAra' nAme mAsikanA saM. 199ra nA zrAvaNa mAsa-I. sa. 1936 ne ogasTanA aMkamAM dekhA de che. eTale uparanA pustakamAM te tene sthAna ApI zakAya tema che ja nahIM. tema temAM jaNAvelI hakIkata, mA kathanane meM pratipAdita karela aitihAsika ghaTanAne-samarthana karanArI ane satya tarIke para vAra karatA hoI, vAcakavarganA vicAra mATe rajU karavA vinA chUTake paNa nahIM. eTale A bIjA pustakamAM jayAM te te rAjAonA jaya-parAjaya ane rAjya vistAranA paricchedanuM varNana apAyuM che tenA aMte te hakIkata joDavAnuM zreSya dhAyuM che, jethI kAMI aniyamitatA ke asaMbaMdhita dekhAya te mATe kSamA mAgI lauM chuM. seTasanA rAjadarabAre megethenIjha grIka elacI tarIke hato te jema sarvasaMmata bInA che tema mAre paNa mAnya che, eTale se DeTasane ane mege thenatjhane samakAlIna lekhavAmAM cita paNa zaMkA rahetI nathI, paNa adyApiparyata sadhaLA itihAsakAroe e e Tasane cakyuma rAtre che, te mATe mAnya nathI tyAM judo paDuM chuM kemake je sekaTasane caMdragupta karAvAya te 5. cANakya maurya caMdraguptane rAjapurohita ane mahAmAya haI te banne jaNAne samakAlIna gaNavAze: eTale ke eka bAju sekeTasane megeDyenojhane samakAlIna kahevo ane bIjI bAjU te ja se. keTasane paM. cANakayane samakAlIna kahe, te thanane tAtparya-sutra siddhAMta pramANe-e thAya ke seTasa, paM. cANakaya ane megethenIjha-e traNene samasamayI tarIke kabUlavA paDe. jyAre kharI rIte te pramANe vastusthiti ja nathI, kemake upara jaNAvyuM tema mAruM maMtavya sekeTasa eTale caMdragupta nahIM paNa azokavana che. A Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] sarva hakIkata meM pu. 2 mAM pR. 154 thI 16ra sudhImAM tathA te ja pustakamAM pR. 211 TI, na. 26 mAM aneka purAvA ApI sAbita karI che. paM. cANakaya ane megethenIjhane samakAlInapaNe gaNI levAmAM pu. 2 mAM pR. 210 upara mA. sA. i. nA lekhakane je zaMkA uThI che tenI noMdha lIdhI che. te ja prakAranI gUMca uparamAM nirdiSTa thayela "paDakAra " mAsikamAMnA lekhakane paNa thaI che, tema aneka vidvAnone jarUra thaI paNa haze: chatAM tene ukela haju sudhI karI hoya ema mArA vAMcavAmAM te AvyuM ja nahotuM. teTalA mATe te savAla hAtha dharIne, vistRtapaNe te vAtane ghaTaheTa pu. 2 mAM pR. 154 thI 16ra sudhImAM jaNavo paDe che, te bane mahAzayane je muzkelIo naDI haze te anekavidha haze, paNa paDakAranA lekhaka mahAzaye je darzAvI che tene TUMka sAra atre rajU karuM chuM: paM. cANakayae vizvavikhyAta kauTilya arthazAstra racela che ane megesthenIjha mahAzaye bhArata varNananuM khaMDa (Fragment of India) nAmanuM pustaka racela che. have je A bane lekhake samasamayI ja hoya te te banee lakhela pustakamAM, te te samayanI eka ja hakIkatanuM athavA paristhitinuM varNana maLatuM ja AvavuM joIe; paNa tema thatuM nathI tevA aneka mudI temaNe tAravI batAvyA che ane te uparathI, pite zaMkA uThAvI che ke paM. cANakayajI ane megethenIjha samakAlIna kema gaNAya? temanuM kathana ema che ke (juo temanA lekhanuM pR. 5). caMdragupta maurya tathA tene zAsanakAlanuM varNana karatI veLA AcArya kauTilyanuM nAma sarakhuM upalabdha na thavuM te zuM AzcaryakAraka nathI ? kauTilya arthazAstranuM sukSma adhyayana karatI veLAe prAcIna bhAratanI sabhyatA tathA saMskRtinA citranuM je rUpa mAnava-mana-paDala para aMkita thAya che tenAthI sarvathA viruddha rAjadUta megesthanIjhanA bhAratavarNanane vAMcavAthI thAya che. Ama pitAnuM anumAna dorI tenAM udAharaNa TAMke che. (1) killAo tathA nagarenI nirmANa zailImAM megesthenIjhanA kahyA pramANe caMdraguptanA (eTale sekaTisanA) zAsanakAlamAM killAo, nagaro ane tenA para koTAo tathA bhavane Adi lAka DAnA banAvavAmAM AvatAM hatAM..AcArya cANa jyanA kathAnusAra temaNe spaSTa rUpakI chaTAmAM banAvavAno nirdeza karyo che. (2) megethenIjhanA samayamAM bauddhadharma rAjayadharma baLe nahote, chatAMya teNe mahAtmA buddhanuM nAma atyaMta sanamAnapUrvaka lIdhuM che (juo khaMDa 43 mAM) jayAre kauTilya arthazAstramAM bauddhadharma tathA tenA anuyAyIonuM varNana karyAya upalabdha thatuM nathI. kevaLa mAtra traNa ja zabda evA che ke jenA AdhAre kauTilyanA samayamAM tucha-navI bauddhasattA svIkArI zakAya. te, pAkhaMDa, zAyajIvana ane zramaNa zabdo che (auTilya ane zAstramAM pApaM zabada bauddha kSapaNukenA mATe prayukta karavAmAM AvyA che. vaLI temAM bauddha kSapaNukAne atyaMta ghaNAnI dRSTie joyA che. tenA kathanAnusAra pADa ane cAMDAle ne smazAnanI pAse vasavuM (1) A nibaMdhanA lekhaka zrIyuta ratilAla kaLAdhara bhaTTa che. temaNe arthazAstrano bArika abhyAsa karI je muddAo tAravI kADhayA che (je TUMkamAM A pariziSTamAM utAryA che, te mATe temane abhivaMdu chuM, tathA te muddAo atre vAcakavarga mATe huM rajU karI zako te anukuLatA mane prApta thavA mATe temane upakAra mAnuM chuM.

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44 joie. zAkaya zabdathI, abhiprAya bauddhothI ja jaNAya che. azAstramAM daiva-pitRkAryAMmAM zAkaya AjIvikAne bhAjana ApanAra vyaktine 17 paMDatu ( pazu nAmanA sikko che.) daMDa karavA joIe--zAya zabdanI mAphka zrama zabdamAM paNa tevA prakAranA niMdanIya bhAve vyakta karavAmAM AvyA che. (3) AvAgamananA sAdhanAmAM- megesthenIjhe dhUrI-pradarzaka pattharo ( Milestones) nu` varNana khUba karelu che: jyAre arthazAstramAM bhinna bhinna mAgerganI ceDAi tathA racanA AdinuM varNana che, paNa Milestones nuM kayAMya varNana karAyaluM jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. (4) megesthenIjha kahe che ke, hAthI ane dhADA rAkhavAnA adhikAra kevaLa rAjAne ja hatA paNa tevA pratibaMdha mATe cANakaye kAMi lakhyuM nathI, jo ke tenA karatAM temaNe dheDAonA sabaMdhamAM bahu ja vistArapUrvaka lakhyuM che. (5) megesthenIjhanA kahevA pramANe prajAjanAthI rAjA bahu maLatA rahetA hatA, jyAre cANakayajIe, rAjAnA zarIra rakSaDDAnI niyuktinuM tathA rAjAne gupta rAkhavAnuM. temaja enA para bahu ja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sama dakhANu karatAM rAjAne prajAjanAthI sAvaceta rahevAnuM lakhyuM che. (6) bannee karela bhArata vaSNunanA zikAra ane vanarakSakAnAM vaNu temAM bhAre aDatara che. (7) maige-keAi dAsa-gulAma nahAto. cANakayajI aneka sthAne dAsavaga saMbaMdhI varNana che. (8) cANakayajInuM guptacara vibhAganuM vana vAMcavAthI, megesthenIjha kathita AvA prakAranI dhAraNA ke corI, pApa sAhasa Adi kAmA karavAmAM bilakula asamartha hatI-naSTa thai jAya che ( tA tA cANakaya pachI megesthenIjha thayA hatA ema sAbita thai jAya che ) (9) bannenAM graMthAmAM sarakAranI racanA, zAsana prabaMdha, Arthika prabaMdha, nagarasamiti, nagaranirIkSaka, sthAnIya saMsthA ( Local bodies ) AdinA vadhu. tAmAM praSkaLa bheda che: jo ke khIjI dhaNI samAnatAo paNa che ja. A muddAnI sarakhAmaNI karavAthI sahaja khAtrI thaze ke te banne pustakAnA kartA sahasamayI nathI paNa AgaLa pAchaLa thayelA samajAya che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Pian Pian Pian paMcama khaMDa Bian Fu

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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% 18'' ''-. S 0 *G 5 prathama pariccheda aMgabhUtya yAne zuMgavaMza.(1) saMkSipta sAra --have pachInA be traNa khaMDenA parionI karavI paDelI vaheMcaNI vizenI keTalIka vicAraNa zuMgavaMzI rAjAonAM, zuMgabhUtya ane zuMgavaMzI tarIke jIvananA bhedanI ApelI samajutI tathA temanA samayanI vicAraNA puSyamitra, agnimitra tathA vasumitra vize udbavela aneka zaMkAo tathA tenAM karelAM saMtoSakAraka samAdhAna-temanA darekanA sattAkALa viSenA karavA paDelA khulAsA tathA nirNaya-bAkInA rAjAonI nAmAvalI tathA temanA samagra rAjakALa bAbata karo paDele phaDace- puSyamitra, agnimitra ane vasumitranA jIvanasamanI thayelI vaheMcaNI ane te pratyekanI nakkI karI Apela sAla-zeSa rAjAonI aneka purANukAe ane ItihAsa kAroe ApelI vaMzAvaLI ane temAMthI tAravI kADheluM zuddhikaraNa-prAMte AkhA zuMgavaMzanI batAvI ApelI zuddha nAmAvaLI tathA vaMzAvaLI- (1) ka. hi. I. pRtha pa8, tenuM mULa aprasiddha che. paNa te zabdane ardha je "aMjIranuM vasa" thAya che te kadAca temanI jAtisUcaka haze. c. H. J. P. 511:-origin is obscure. Their natue which means "fig-tree "may perhaps be tribal.

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48 itihAsakArenA [ prathama zugavaMza nAmAvaLI tathA vaMzAvaLI mauryavaMzanI samApti thayA bAda urjananI-avaMtinI gAdI zuMgavaMzamAM gaI. che. A segavaMzane samagra rAjatvakALa kharI rIte 90 varSa cAlyo che. tene samaya I. sa. pU. 204 thI i. sa. pU. 11=ma. saM. 323 thI ma, saM. 413 sudhInA 90 varSane gaNavAne che.. ane ApaNe keTaleka khulAso karavAnI ati upayogI hovAthI ApaNane mArgadarzaka jarUra che, kemake vaidika ane jaina graMthakAranI bane che. te e ke jene graMthakAro hamezAM keda hakIkata eka bIjAthI judI rAjAnuM ke tenA parAkramanuM varNana kare che tyAre itihAsa- paDe che. jaina itihAsavettA te pote gAdIpati thayA bAda ja tene samaya karenA mananuM zrIyuta pariziSTakAre aMvatinA gaNavAnuM raNa rAkhe che, jayAre vaidika graMthakAra samAdhAna gAdIpatione rAjyakama varNa te vyakti keIpaNa aMze sattAdhIza bane che-pachI vatAM, zrI mahAvIranA nirvA te sattAnuM pada, rAjAnuM hoya, se patinuM heya NathI mAMDIne, prakhyAta zakAri vikramAditya sudhInA ke mahAamAtyanuM heya-tyArathI ja teno samaya 470 varSanA samaya sudhI to pUrI batAvyA noMdha upara caDAvatA hoya ema jaNAya che. jemake che. tema karatAM temaNe je traNa zloka lakhyA eka vyaktinI sattA bhale ekadama rAjA jeTalI ja che ane tene bhAvArtha besAravAmAM saMzodhakee mahatvatA dharAvanArI hoya eTale ke jene iathavA te mULa itihAsavettAnA samaya pachInA chamAM King de Jura ( nyAyanI daSTie thayela vivecakee arthanI khalanAne lIdhe maurya rAjA jevo ) kahI zakAya che, chatAM tene kharI vaMzanI vaMzAvaLI goThavavAmAM kevI bhUla upasthita rIte King de Facta ( siddhAMtanI daSTie karI che te sarva ApaNe pu. 1, pR. 202 upara rAjA ) jema gaNI zakAtuM nathI ja tema King dekhADI gayA chIe ane mULa zlekanI hakIkata de Jura tarIkenA tenA sattAkALane paNa King kevI rIte satya karI zake che te paNa puravAra karyuM de Facta tarIke gaNe levA nathI ja; chatAM che. tevI ja rIte A zuMgavaMzanA rAjyakALanI vaidika graMthakAree uparanA hing de Jura gaNanAmAM paNa khalana thaI che. 9 King de Facta 11 dizela zugaala AkhAye zuMgavaMzane rAjyakALa ena graMtha- kAma lIdhe rAkhyuM che. ane temAM paNa jo kAranI mAnyatA pramANe 90 varSane ja che. varNana karAvatI vyakti, subhAgye temanA ja jayAre vaidaka graMthakAro te samaya 112 varSano dharmAnuyAyI heya te vinA saMkoce tenA yazoAMke che. A pramANe be matanI vacce gAna paNa gAvA maMDI jAya che. A rIyA ja bAlIza varSane phera rahe che. paNa eka vAta zuMgavaMzanI bAbatamAM paNa temaNe kAma lIdhuM hoya (2) jue pAI Tara sAhebe raceluM DAinesTika lasTa rapha dhI kaliyuga eIDasa nAmanuM pustaka. (3) A ja pramANe nAgavaMzI naMdivardhana, caM. vaMzI caMdragupta ane azokanI bAbatamAM gaNatrI karAI che. te darekanA rAjayakALane khaDo samaya keTale ga joIe tenI carcA karatI vakhate A sthiti joI gayA chIe. Shree Sudhammaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariracheda ] mananuM samAdhAna ema dekhAya che, kemake jaina graMthakAroe je zaMgavaMzane sattAkALa 90 ne kahyo che ane vidika graMthakAroe 112 varSane kahyo che tene bheda ja e che ke zuMgavaMzanA Adi puruSa puSyamitre keTalAMka varSo mauryavaMzanI sevAmAM (bhaya =sevaka tarIke) keTalAMka varSo AMdravaMzanI sevAmAM (bhRtya tarIke ) tathA keTalAMka varSo vAnaprastha avasthAmAM rahI, potAnA putra agnimitranA rAjyakALe gALyAM che. A pustakamAM prathamanA pakSama paricchede ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke mauryavaMzanA chellA rAjAo mAtra nAmadhArI ja ane khaMDiyA jevA hatA, ane rAjyanI kula lagAma te rAjAo upara sArvabhauma jevI sattA meLavanAra AMdravaMzI zAtavahana rAjAo taraphathI nimAyela sanyapati puSyamitranA hAthamAM ja hatI, eTale puSyamitra bhale avaMtinA rAjyamAM saramukhatyAra jevo hato paNa AkharIye to te nakara ja ( bhUtyu sevaka) gaNAya. pachI te bhUtya mauryavaMzane gaNa ke AMdhavaMzane gaNo te judI vAta che. eTale A kRtya-sevakapaNanA muddAthI te samayane zuMgabhUtyavaMzI" rAjaamala tarIkene kahI zakAya; ane A bAvIza varSanA zuMgabhUtya tarIkenA kALa uparAMta, bAkInA 90 varSa paryata te puSyamitranA anujoe svataMtra rIte gAdIpati tarIke sukha mANuM gaNAya. sAra e che ke, vaidika graMthanuM kathana je 12 varSanuM che tene be vibhAga thaya: prathamanA 22 varSa zuMgabhUya tarIkenA ane pAchaLanA 90 varSa zuMgavaMzI rAja amalanA; jyAre jaina graMtha kAroe te "bhUzabdano upayoga ja karyo nathI eTale temanA saMbaMdhamAM A bhedabharI kALagaNatrIne prazna udbhavato ja nathI. ane A pramANe bane itihAsakAronuM kathana te satya ja che; paNa vastu AlekhananI daSTimAM bhinnatA hevAne lIdhe te baMnenuM lekhana ApaNane niranirALuM dekhAya che. uparanA jaina graMthakAra zrIyuta pariziSTakAra anaMtapationI nAmAvaLI gaNAvatAM pumitra agnimitrane rAjakALa 30 tevA ja eka varSane kahe che ane anya kathananuM te bAda baLamitrabhAnumitranA samAdhAna 60 varSa gaNe che. ane ema karIne te cAra nAmamAM ja 3060=90 varSane sabhya pare karI batAve che; jyAre vaidika purANomAM zuMgabhUtya-zaMgavaMzI rAjAonI saMkhyAne AMka 8 thI 10 ne Ape che ane temAM puSamitranA 38, agnimitranA 7, vasumitranA 7, ema kula para varSane samaya nathI, hakIkata. ( 4 ) nIcenI TIkA na, 5 juo. (5) zRMgabhUca = zRMgabhRtya eTale vidvAnoe zubha pRtha: zuMgavaMzane nekara e artha karyo che te bhUla khavarAvanAra che; paNa tene artha zuMw: gya mRtya: =zaMgavaMzanI je vyakita tene pitAne sattAkALa te khare paNa te sattAkALa rAna tarIke nahIM ja: mAtra bhrayasevaka tarIke ja, eTale zuMgavaMzI vyakita pite ja eka sevaka tarIke che ema gaNavuM ( A ja pramANe pu. 4 mAM agrabhutya: ne artha samajavAne che sarakhA pu. 1, pR.154, temaja 390nAM TIpaNe tathA A paricchede AgaLa uparanAM vivecana ane hakIkata. (6) A trIsa varSanA kALa saMbaMdhI khulAse AgaLa upara A paricacheda karela che te jAo, (7) A saMkhyA mATenI nAmAvaLA AgaLa u52 utArI che te juo, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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50 te bAda sujyeSThAddhithI mAMDIne devabhUti sudhInA rAjAnAM nAmeA temaja te pratyekanA rAjyakALa gaNAvI, eka so khAramAMthI khUTatAM (112-para= 60) bAkInA 60 varSa temanA khAte samarpI, kALagaNanA pUrI karI batAve che. ahI' A khe matanu samAdhAna kevI rIte karI zakAya che te have tapAsIe. jaina mata pramANe puSpamitra--agnimitranA 30 varSa che, paNa te vasumitranu nAma suddhAM paNa darzAvatA nathI, eTale anumAna thAya che ke, temanA maMtavya pramANe mAtra puSyamitra ane agnimitra ja gAdIpati banyA haze; paNa vasumitra gAdIpati banyA naDI hAya athavA bahubahu te potAnA dAdA puSpamitra ane pitA agnimitranA rAjyaamala daramyAna te bahuja aheALI sattA dharAvanAra eka rAjakarmacArI banavA pAmyA haze. vaLI A anumAnane vaidika graMthAnusAra ADa katarI rIte TekA paNa maLe che; kemake vasumitra pachI je anya rAjAonI hAramALA temaNe batAvI che temAM " vasumitra khIjo '' evA zabda nIkaLe che. eTale ke A " bIjA vasumitra '' pahelAM kAi eka vasumitra nAme ja paheleA rAjA te ja vaMzamAM thai gayA che. vaLI mAlavikAgnimitra nAme je nATakane graMtha bahAra paDela che temAM paNa vasumitranuM cAritrya keTaleka aMze vadhyuM che, tenuM svarUpa jotAM te te vasumitra kema jANe eka svataMtra mukhya pAtra heAya evA anumAna upara javAya che. eTale rAjyakALa gaNavA mATenI je Adata vaidika graMthakAroe akhatyAra karyAMnu ApaNe uparamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe te dhAraNAnusAra temaNe vasumitranu ke vAsumitranu nAma rAjAonI nAmAvaLAmAM dAkhala karI dIdhu hoya e banavAyeAgya ( 8 ) uparanI TI, na'. 7 tu, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat tevA ja eka anya [ prathama che. sArAMza e ke puSyamitra-agnimitra ane vAsumitra te traNene samagrakALa rAjapada tarIkenA 30 varSanA ja gaNavA ane temAM paNa 'zu'gabhRtya" tarIke prathamanA 22 varSaumeratAM kula 22+3* para varSanA gaNavA; temaja keTalAka paurANika itihAsakArA je ekalA puSyamitranA 38 ane agnimitra-vasumitranA darekanA 7-7 maLI 14 batAve che te puSpamitranA 38 sAthe bheLavatAM paNa para te AMka maLI rahe che. eTale paNa sAbita thAya che ke, 38, 7 ane 7 nI saMkhyAmAM kAMika satyAMza samAyalu ja che. pachI krAnA hisse keTalAM varSa gaNavAM te ja jarA jaTila prazna che, chatAM vAcakavagate saralatAthI samajAya ane vizeSa khulAsAnI apekSA na rahe te mATe spaSTapaNe carcA karyA sivAya ApaNA chUTakA paNa nathI ja; te viSaya thoDIvAra pachI hAtha dharIzu. ATalI badhI lAMbI carcAnA kinnatA e thaye ke-jaina temaja vaidika ane mata sAyAM ja che ema agikAra karIne kAma levA jatAM--(1) puSyamitra--agnimitra ane vasumitra ema traNene svataMtra zuMmavaMzI amala tarIkenA samagra rAjyakALa mAtra 30 varSanA ja che. ( 2 ) bAkInA sarva rAjAnA samUhakALa 60 varSanA ane (3) ekalA puSpamitranA zugabhRtya tarIkenA kALa 22 varSanA--A pramANe AkhA zuMgavazI rAja amalanA traNa bhAMgA-vibhAga paDI gayA. have bAkInA rAjAonA samayanA vicAra karIe. keTalAka purANamAM bAkInA rAjAo- tenI nAmAvI ane nA samUhakALanA samayAvaLI A pramANe 60 tha ApI che. sujyeSThanA 7, puli'dikanA 3, cepanA 3, (9) jIe UparanI TIkA na, 7, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ]. kathananuM samAdhAna vasAmatra bIjAnA 7, odrakanA 7 ane deva- nAme mAM-mAtra uparanAM benAM nAma ja baLamitra bhUtanA 10 ema maLI cha rAjAnA phALe 07 tathA bhAnumitra haze. ( vaLI A sarve nAmamAM varSa gaNAvyA che jyAre bIjAomAM, uparanA aMtyAkSara mitra hovAthI te puSyamitra-animitra varSanA AMkamAM temaja te nAmo goThavavAnA vasumitranA vaMzajonAM nAme hevAnI sabhyatA kamamAM paNa pheraphAra che. jayAre kaImAM vaLI bhAga paNa batAve cheane bAkInAno ullekha karaathavA bhAgavata nAme eka rAjAnuM nAma vizeSa vAnuM temaNe choDI dIdhuM haze; tene kAraNamAM gaNAvI tenA khAte 32 varSa jeTale lAMbo kALa kadAca temane te cha sAta rAjAne rAjyaamala noMdhAvyo che. game tema che; paNa eTaluM te spaSTa dama vinAne paNa lAge che. jyAre pariziSTasamajAya ja che ke, A badhA rAjAonI saMkhyA graMthamAM jayAM A badhe rAjakALa gaNAvyo che pachI te pAMcanI, chanI ke sAtanI che paNa te badhAnAM tyAM te mAtra avaMtipati tarIke mukhya mukhya rAjyamAM koI mahattvano prasaMga itihAsanI daSTie rAjAonAM nAma ane rAjavaMzane ja ullekha ane vaidika graMthakartAonA maMtavya pramANe vicAravA kare che. eTale ke te kathana mAtra kALagaNanAnuM gya banyuM nahIM haiya; athavA je banavA pAmyo hoya aMtara darzAvavA pUratuM ja ApeluM che, nahIM ke te te temane nAmezI upajAvanAre ja he joIe; ke kathana temanA samagra jIvananI AcanA karI jethI pitAnA dharmanuyAyI rAjAonuM nabaLuM pAsuM batAvavA arthe karAyuM che. eTale vAstavika bahAra paDatuM dekhADAtuM dAbI rAkhavAnuM AvakAra- paNa gaNAze ke, temano hetu "baLamitra-bhAnumitra dAyaka lAgyuM hoya; kemake je gauravavate kaI Adi " rAjAo gaNAvavAno ane te sarvene prasaMga temanA yazasvI rAjayakALe upasthita thavA ekaMdara rAyakALa 60 varSa jeTaluM hatuM eTaluM pAme che, te parANika graMthakAro tene bulaMda batAvavA pUratuM ja haze ane tethI karIne te avAje jAhera karavAne bahAra pADayA vinA rahetA badhAmanAM prathamanAM be ja nAma ApyAM, ane nahI. are! chevaTe mAnapaNuM nasevatAM kAMI bhAMgyA- temane samahakALa 60 varSane kahyo. tUTayA zabdamAM paNa ullekha to karata ja, have AkhA vaMzanI-samaya paratvenI-vaMzAbIjI bAju jaina graMthamAM mAtra baLamitra vaLInI samajaNa tathA vicAraNuM samApta thaI ane bhAnumitra benAM ja nAma ApI temanA phALe tathA bane sAMpradAyika graMthakartAo pitApitAne 60 varSa gaNAvyAM che. A bane sAMpradAyika itihAsa AlekhavAmAM satyathI vegaLA gayA nathI graMtha Alekhanane vicAra karatAM ema samajavAnuM te bAbata paNa sAbita thaI gaI. kAraNa maLe che ke paurANika maMthakoe je nAme A pramANe sAmAnya vicAraNuM thaI rahyA ApyAM che temanuM svarUpa jotAM te nAme vyakti- bAda je traNa bhAMgA-vibhAga ApaNe uparamAM gatarUpe kadAca haze, eTale ke temaNe rAjamukaTa pADI batAvyA che ane jene jaTila praznonI upamA dhAraNa karyA pahelAMnA haze, jyAre jaina graMthakAroe ApI che tene ukela karavA mATe have ApaNe sucavelAM nAmo rAjapada prApta karyA pachInAM udyamavaMta thaIzuM. haze; tema vaLI purANakAro taraphathI nAmAvaLI uparanAM pUchomAM varNana karatAM ApaNe rajU karAI che te sarvemAM-eTale ke pAMca sAta keTalIka rithati kapI laine anumAnArthe gayA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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para vizeSapaNe [ prathama chIe. temAM kaIka sthaLe tyAMsudhI, temanA pratyekanA jIvanavRtAMta Ale. temanA jaTila ApaNe gothuM paNa khAI gayA khavAnuM kArya mulatavI rakhAya te geravAjabI praznane Ukela haIzuM paNa tene kasI joI, nahIM gaNAya, kharA aMdAja upara chIe ke puSyamitra kema te tapAsavAnuM sAdhana jyAM sudhI na maLe paurANika tathA jaina, ema bane saMpradAyanA tyAMsudhI nizcita svarUpe ApaNe kahI zakIe nahIM. pra mAM jaNAvAyuM che ke ' vikrama saMvata pahelAM eTale bIjo koI saMgIna ane bharosAdAra mArga 124 varSe kacchI nAme rAjA meLavI zakAya te vizeSa majabUtapaNe AgaLa vizeSa thaze; je 86 varSanuM AyuSya vadhavAnuM hitakara lekhAze. ahIM pilA samartha spaSTapaNe bhogavI maraNa pAmaze. A itihAsakAra mi. vinaseMTa smithe je sUtra Iti- samAdhAna pramANe jyAre ane keTinA hAsanA navasarjanamAM upayogI thaI paDavAnuM graMthAkAre sahamata-ekamata jaNAvyuMdeg che ane jenuM avalaMbana khApaNane thAya che tyAre te thananI satyatA vize UMDANamAM pu. 1 lAmAM aneka prAcIna vaMzonI nAmAvaLI utarI tapAsa karavAnuM ApaNane rahetuM nathI. tathA vaMzAvaLI goThavavAmAM tathA pu. 2 jAma te gaNatrI pramANe, i. sa. pU. 57=ma. saM. mauryavaMzanI vaMzAvaLI UbhI karavAmAM madadarUpa 470 je vikrama saMvatasarane prAraMbhakALa gaNAya thaI paDayuM hatuM, te smaraNapaTa upara tarI che temAMthI 124 varSa bAda karatAM I. sa. pU. Ave che, ane tene je Azraya meLavI zakAya to 57+128=I. sa. pU. 181 eTale ma. saM. leve ema ApaNane mana thayAM kare che. te satra 470-14=ma saM. 346 Avaze, ke je samaye Chronology=samayAvaLIne lagatuM che. eTale rAjA kadakI thaze ema kahevAno bhAvArtha che; ke gaNitazAstranI madada laIne je amuka amuka paNa te samaye te rAjA kInA janmane gaNave, AMkaDA upajAvI zakatA hoya, te eka bAjU jema ke kacchI tarIke nAma niSpanna thayela rAjAnA tene kaI kAle koI paNa vyakti khoTA pADI rAjyane AraMbhakALa gaNo, ke te kakkI nAma ja zakatuM paNa nathI, tema bIjI bAjU itihAsa tene te samaye prApta karyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM, te AlekhanArane te AdhAre amuka vyaktinA jIvana- muddA tapAsavA rahe che. banAvanI guMthaNI karavAmAM temaja anya muddAonI rAjA kalkinuM vRttAMta je ApaNe AgaLa tAravaNI karavAmAM dIvAdAMDIrUpa banI ati upakAraka upara varNavIzuM te uparathI joI zakAze ke te te thaI paDe che. eTale ApaNI pAse paDela sAma- graMthakAroe A upanAma rAjA puSyamitrane ja grImAMthI je tevA AMkaDA UbhA karI zakAtA heya lAgu pADayuM che, ane temanA maMtavyamAM teo te prathamamAM ApaNe tevo prayatna karI laIe. eTale keTaleka aMze vyAjabI paNa che; kAraNa ke anya te AdhAre, pachI temane rAjyakALa nakkI karavAmAM dezI vidvAnoe ItihAsa zedhIne je pramANe mata kAMI ja aDacaNa naDe nahi. ATaluM banI zake darzAvyo che te pramANe puSyamitrane mahAzaktizALI (10) jUo pu. 1 suM: prazasti pR. 14 AgaLa upara agnimitranA jIvanavRttAMte juo, (11) A kathananA vizeSa adhikAra mATe

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pariccheda ] puruSa mAnI lIdhA che. paNa ApaNe have pachInA pRSThonAM vAMcanathI joi zakIzu ke te sadhaLA prabhAva ke zakti, rAjA puSyamitranA karatAM tenA putra agnimitramAM ja che ema puravAra thai zake che. alabatta, rAjA puSpamitranI pravRttinI zarUAta tihAsanI dRSTie vicAratAM senAdhipati tarIkenA hAdAthI thai che; ane te hrAddo jo ke mahAnU jokhamadArI dharAvatA gaNAya che, chatAM rAjAnA pada karatAM sainyapatipadanI javAbadArI to keTaleya darajje--are! kaho ke aneka gaNI--ochI ja gaNAya che. tema vaLI rAjyanI kharI lagAma zuM gava zI tarIke rAjA puSyamitranA hAthamAM AvI, tyAre te te lagabhaga khakhaDadhaja jevA ane niSkriya ji MdagI gALavA jeTalI vRddha umaranA banI gayA hatA. eTale ke te pAte jene vaidika dharmAMmAM vAnaprastha avasthA kahevAya che tevI avasthA gALA hatA; ( je pramANe samrATa priyadarzinanA rAjyAbhiSeka thayA bAda, samrATa azoke paNa lagabhaga 19 varSa gALyAM hatAM ) paNa tenI vidyamAnatA haiAvAthI, samrATa agnimitra pote gAdIpati hAvA chatAM temanuM mAna jALavI rAkhatA hatA; jethI karIne vaidika graMthakAroe rAjA puSyamitranI te vAnaprastha avasthAnA samayakALane paNa rAjavakALamAM gaNyA che; eTale puSyamitrano sattAnA be vibhAga pADI zakAze: ... (1) mauryavaMzI rAjaamala daramyAna senAdhipatinA pada uparanA... 22 va. ( 2 ) ane purANakArA tenA amalanA je 37 38 varSa gaNAve che temAMthI uparanA 22 varSa jatAM bAkI vAnaprastha avasthAnA rahyA te... Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat kareluM samAdhAna 16 va - 38 1. 53 ema kula maLIne 38 varSa sudhI tene sattAkALa gaNIzuM. have jaina graMthakArAnAM abhiprAya pramANe tenA nAma sAthe 30 varSa gaNAvAyAM che, ane A 30 varSa paNa khuda rAjApadanA kALa tarIke te| nathI ja lekhAvyA; paNu judA judA amala daramyAna teNe je sayukta adhikAra bhAgye hatA tenA saravALAnI gAMdha tarIkenAM hoya ema samajAya che; kemake jo tema na hAta ane eka svataMtra sattAdhIza tarIke tenA ekalAnA khAte ja te samaya nAMdhavA hAta, te| jema hu MmezAM te lakhatA AvyA che tema, tenuM ekalAnu ja nAma lakhIne tenI sAthe 30 varSanA AMka mUkata; paNa tema jyAre teoe darzAvyuM nathI tyAre spaSTa thAya che ke te pote temanA mata pramANe svataMtra rAjA tarIke kadI nahIMja AvyA haiAya; ane tethIja puchyuM - mitra-agnimitra ema tenuM nAma bheguM lakhIne temanA khAte trIsa varSa mUkavA durasta dhAryuM lAge che. Ama karIne teoe puSyamitranuM nAma / sucavyu che paNa tenI gaNanA gauNupaNe rAkhI, agnimitranu mukhyatAe gaNavu' joie tevI gUDha sa'jJA paNa sUcavI che. have jo trIsa varSa, je puSyamitra-agnimitra nA saMyukta amalanA che, temAMthI prathamanA sALa . varSanA kALa je samaye puSpamitra pote vAnapraca avasthAmAM hatA, ema ApaNe upara sAbita karI gayA chIe te bAda karavAmAM Ave te, bAkInA cauda varSanA kALa agnimitranA svata MtrapaNe rAjakArobAra calAvyAno raheze, eTale tApa e thayA ke, agnimitranA trIza varSanA rAjyaamala daramyAnamAMnA, prathamanA seALavarSa sudhI puSyamitra vAnaprasthAvasthAmAM haiyAta rahyo hatA. have vAca. kane samajAze ke puSyamitrane khAte je 38 va sudhInA sattAdhikAra gaNAvyA che ( jue pR. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= ==== vizeSapaNe [ prathama 49. ) te paNa vyAjabI che. tema tenuM nAma kharA zuMgavaMzanA rAjAnI nAmAvalimAM na mUkatAM ( juo AgaLa upara tenI nAmAvalI ) mAtra za gabhaya tarIke gaNAvAyuM che te paNuM vyAjabI che. eTale hAla te ApaNe tene rAja nItinA eka aThaMga khelADI tarIke athavA to eka rAjaratna tarIke gaNI laIzuM paNa eka svataMtra samrATa tarIke te nahIM ja. tenuM maraNa 80 varSanI umare 7 (ke 88 varSanI umare ) thayAnuM purANakAre jaNAvyuM che. eTale have ApaNe tenA jIvananA judA judA adhikAranI tArIkhe cokkasapaNe nIce pramANe goThavI zakIe. tenI umara bhogavela padanA varSa janma 25 ma. saM. I. sa. pU. 276 senAdhipati 301thI 323 226 thI 204 vAnaprastha avasthA 23 thI 389 20 thI 188 50 thI 72 22 72 thI 88 16 kula varSa 38 maraNa 338 188 agnimitra rAjA agnimitrane amarakejanI TIkAmAM cakravartI je je gaNAvyo che te vAstavika dekhAya che, kemake te hakIkta tenA rAjyavRttAMta uparathI paNa sAbita thaI jAya che. vaLI te eka prabaLa pratApI, sattAzIla ane mahAparAkramI rAjA hatA; kemake teNe pitAnI javalaMta ane vijayI kArakIrdinI nizAnI tarIke be moTA azva medha yajJo potAnA rAjapurohita pataMjalI mahAzayanA Adhipatya nIce karAvyA hatA; tema ja kalika rAjAnuM je varNana (AgaLa upara jaNAvavAmAM Avaze) purANika graMthamAM lakhAyeluM che te paNa AbAda rIte tene ja lAgu paDatuM hoya ema dekhAya che. A saghaLI hakIktathI tenI zakti ane prabhAvanuM mApa ApaNe sahaja kADhI zakIe tema che. atre have eka prazna vicAro rahe che. (12) che. hi. karyo. pu. 5, AMka 3 (1929) 5. 3474-puSyamitrane divyAvadAnanA 29 mA avadAnamAM meyavaMzanA aMtima rAjA tarIke jaNAvyuM che; nahIM ke gavaMzanA prathama rAjavI tarIke (eTale ke baMdhagraMthomAM, puSyamitrane mairyavaMzI rAjA tarIke oLakhAve che). Ind. His. Quart V. No 8 ( Sept 1929) P. 397:-In Divyavadana XXIX Pusyamitra is relpresented as the last king of the Maurya Dynasty and not the first king of the Sunga Dynasty. 13) ne 80 varSanuM AyuSya laIe te tene janma ma, saM 259-I. sa. 1. 268 Ave. jyAre tenA putrane janma ma. saM. 267mAM che ( juo AgaLa upara) te tenI 8 varSanI umare putra sAMpa haze ? tema gaNI levuM ayukta che, paNa tene seLa varSanI umare putra thayela hajI gaNI zakAya eTale 80ne badale 88 nI umara ja gaNavI joIe (saMbhavita che ke mULagraMthamAM eka 8 haze ane bIjo 8 UDI gayuM haze. eTale nakala karanAra lohIoe potAnI buddhi anusAra bIja8ne badale " lakhIne 88 ne badale 80 lakhI nAMkhyA hoya) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] ApaNe AgaLa upara je i. sa. pU. 181=ma saM. 346nI sAla rAjA kalkinI jaNAvI gayA chIe, te tenA maraNanI lekhavI ke tenA rAjyanA prAraM bhanI ke amuka kAryAM karIne teNe kalkinuM biruda prApta karyuM che tenI gaNuvI; ane A praznanA Ukela upara ja zuMgavaMzI rAjyakartAonI vaMzAvaLI gAThavavI raDe che; teTalA mATe tene niceADa prathama hAtha dharavA rahe che. upara jaNAvI gayA chIe ke zuMgavaMzanI zarUAta--athavA tenA rAjyanA prAraMbha~ma. sa. 323=I. sa. pU. 204 mAM thaI che ane teNe 30 varSa sudhI rAjyaamala bhAgabyo che. pramANe hisAba lagAvIe teA tenuM maraNa te ma. sa. 323+30=353 mAM Avaze. jyAre upara teA ApaNe 36 nI sAlane meLa ghaTAvavA rahe che, kemake te vakhate rAjA kalki thaye hovAnu jaNAvAyuM che. eTale A 353 ane 36 nI vacce 7 varSanA je phera rahe che tenA khulAsA ApaNe zodhI kADhavA rahe che. khIjI bAju eka vAta ema noMdhAyalI che ke, purANa - kAranA jaNAvyA pramANe teNe khIjo azvamedha yajJa karyA bAda, mAtra ATha varSa jeTaluM ja AyuSya bhAgaLyu che 4 ( A ATha varSa pUrAM paNa DhAya OM sAta varSa upara gheADAka mAsa vItyA hrAya tA ma. sa. 267 janma paNa potAnI / pitAnI haiyAtI daramyAna. rAjapade { svataMtra samrATa tarIke prApti 323 thI 339 kareluM samAdhAna 339 thI 353 34 353 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 13, kalki birudanI maraNa ( 14 ) jIA nIcenuM TI. na. 16 tathA tene lagatuM asala varNana. ( 15 ) sarakhAvA uparanI TIkA na 55 paNa te kALane ATha varSa tarIke gaNAvI dIdhe hAya ) eTale ke, AkhIjo azvamedha karyAMnI je sAla che te, tenuM maraNa thayuM te pahelAM AThamA vanIja dekhA' Ave che. ane uparamAM noMdha levAi gayA pramANe paNu, tenA maraNa ane kalki thayAnA samaya vaccenuM aMtara 7-8 varSanuM ja che; temaja jaina graMthImAM paNa emaja kahela che ke, 346 mAM rAjA kalkinuM utpanna thavu thaze. A uparathI samajAze ke ahI utpattinA a janma (athavA mAtAnA peTe janmavu.) ema nahIM, paNa rAjA kalkinA biruda tarIkenI prAptinA samaya lekhA rahe che, saghaLI vAtanA sAra e thayA ke, rAjA agnimitre khIjo azvamedha yajJa saMpUNaeN karI ma. sa. 34 6=I. sa. pU. 181 mAM sArvabhaumatvanuM pada dhAraNa karyuM che; ane tyArathI ja jaina graMthakArAe tene rAjA kuki tarIke oLakhave zarU karyAM che. i. sa. pU. 26. tenu maraNu ma. sa. 353=4. sa. pU. 174 mAM jyAre te 86 varSanI umare paheAMcyA hatA tyAre nIpajyuM che. eTale te hisAbe tenA janmaH1353-86=267 mAM sa=i. sa. pU. 260 mAM thayA hatA ema gaNavuM rahe che. eTale tenI sAlavArI cokkasapaNe nIce pramANe ApaNe TAMkI zakIzuM, umara bhAgavela padavInA samaya . 204 thI 185 188 thI 174 181 174 56 thI 72 72 thI et 79 e} pha 16 va 14 76 :) ( 16 ) bhA, sa, i. pR. 225 puSpamitra ke putra atimitrane phevaLa ATha hI varSa rAtmya kriyA, sarakhAvA nIcenuM TI, naM. 26, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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56 vizeSapaNe [ prathama vasumitra ATalI hakIkatane mULa pAyA tarIke tenA vize ema jaNAvAyuM che ke, jyAre svIkArI laI temAMthI je koI rasto jaDe te tene dAde puSpamitra rAjyanA mukhya aMga tarIke zodhI laie. have A mukhya aMga tarIke gaNAta sattAvAna thayo tyAre tenI umara vIsa varSanI prasaMga te kayo hoI zake te jovuM rahe che. tevA hatI.17 tathA keTalAka purANakAronA mata pramANe traNa prasaMge saMbhavI zake che, ane te dareka te 7 varSa sudhI sattAdhIza rahyo che. jayAre prasaMganA AdhAre tene janma tathA maraNane keTalAkanA mate tenI sattA dasa varSa sudhI ja samaya nIcenA koThAmAM batAvyA pramANe kADhI zakAze. rahI hatI. 19 te AdhAre prasaMganuM nAma tene janma tenuM maraNa i. sa. pu. I. sa. pu. (1) puSyamitranuM senAdhipatinA pade sthApana thayAnuM gaNIe 246 219 vA 216 te (te I. sa. pU. 326 mAM hoIne. juo pR. 458) (ma.saM.281) (ma.saM.308311) (2) puSyamitranuM vAnaprastha thavuM ane agnimitranuM rAjapade 224 197-194 AvavuM gaNIe te (I.sa.pU ra0 mAM te che. juo pR.58) (ma.saM.303) (ma.saM. 332-33) (3) puSyamitranuM maraNa ane animitranuM svataMtra samrATa 208 181-178 banavuM gaNue te (I sa. pR.188 mAM te che. juo pR.459) (ma.saM 319) (ma.saM.346-349) upara pramANe traNa prasaMga vakhate teno janma- tenuM maraNa moDAmAM moDuM i. sa. pu. 216 mAM maraNane samaya batAvI zakAya che. temAMthI kaye AvI zake che, jayAre itihAsamAM te tene pitA satya hovA saMbhava che te tapAsIe. prathamane agnimitra jayAre gAdIe besIne (. sa. pU.ra04) prasaMga letAM tene janma, jayAre i. sa. pu. 246 samrATa thayo che tyAM sudhI tene jIvaMta mAnyo che, tyAre tenA pitA agniAmatranI umara je che. eTale pahelA prasaMganI kalpanA choDI devI i. sa. pU. 260 che ( juo pR. 459 ) te rahe che. bIjo prasaMga letAM tenA janmanI kalpanA hisAbe mAtra 14 varSanI hoI zake. jo ke tema te hajI baMdhabesatI thaI jAya che kharI, paNa banavuM saMbhavita te che ja; paNa ekadama mAnya tenA maraNano samaya vicAratAM te prasaMga choDI rAkhI zakAya tema nathI. kemake tema ka9pI levAthI devo ja paDe che kemake te hisAbe tenuM maraNamaDAmAM khUda agnimitranuM lagna jayAre tene bAramuM varSa moDuM I. sa. 5 194 mAM gaNI zakAze; cAlatuM hoya tyAre thayAnuM mAnI levuM raheze, je paNa itihAsamAM te tenI haiyAtI jayArathI bahu mAnya rakhAya tema nathI. te hisAbe vaLI i. sa. pu. 188 mAM puSyamitranuM maraNa thayuM (17) ja, sI, e, bI, se. pu. 13 pR. 240 thI ra50 juo. (8) jue uparamAM pR 49. (19) jue ramAgaLa upara,

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pariccheda ] ane agnimitra svataMtra samrATa banyo ( eTale ke 194 mAMmaraNu thayu tenA pachI pAMca cha varSa sudhI) tyAM sudhI jANItI che. eTale te prasaMga paNa azakya mAnavA paDe che. have vicAravAnA rahyo trIjo prasaMga; ane te hisAbe teno janma i.sa.pU. 208 mAM che. jyAre maraNa moDAmAM mADu isa.pU. 178 mAM che. have tapAsIe ke te banne sAlAthI ApaNA sarve aitihAsika muddA sateASI zakAya che ke kema ? A muddAo kayA kayA hAi zake tenu ApaNe varNana jo ke hajI karyuM nathI ( paNa AgaLa agnimitranA rAjyanuM varNana karatAM tenA samaya sahita AlekhIzu) eTale ahI teno vicAraNA UMDANathI karI zakAya tema nathI, pazu tene mAtra nAmanirdeza karIne AgaLa calAvIzuM; ane vAcakavargane mArA taraphathI khAtrI Apu chuM ke te sarvenuM varNana tathA samaya, saMteSI zakAya che. ( tema pote paNa tyAM ApelI hakIkata meLavI svaya' khAtrI karI leze) te prasaMgA (1) yavana prajAnA saradAro sAthe vasumitranu` ' e vigrahumAM sAmanA karavA utaravu', ekamAM jIta ane khIjAmAM maraNu, ( 2 ) yavanakuvarInA sAMdaya mAM mugdha thavu (3) azvamedha yajJAmAMno tenI upasthitinA prasa Mgo, vigere vigere. ane have jyAre ApaNune ema jANu thAya che ke, prAcIna graMthakAroe vasumitrane je samaya batAvavA mATe puSyamitranA mukhya prasaMga, joDI batAvyA che, te ApaNI kalpanAmAM A trIjo prasaMga ja che; eTale ke puSpamitranA potAnA maraNanA ane rAjA agnimitro svataMtrapaNe rAjapade . AvavAnA ja te prasaMga hatA; te! ApaNe have vasumitrane janma i. sa. pU 208 mAM nakkIpaNe TharAvavA paDe che; paNa tenuM maraNu I. sa. pU 181 mAM thayu` ke 178 mAM te cAkkasapaNe nathI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat mananuM samAdhAna 57 kahI zakAtuM, 'chatAM te nakkI karavA mATe paNa ApaNI pAse kAMika aitihAsika banAvanI vicAraNA paDI che kharI. te A pramANe che : rAjA agnimitre dvitIya azvamedha yajJa saMpUNaeN karIne jyAre i.sa. pU. 181 mAM samrATa padavI dhAraNa karI che ane kalkinuM biruda prApta karyuM che tyAre, jyAM sudhI mArI mAhitI mane madada ApI rahI che tyAM sudhI ema kahI zakuM chuM ke, vasumitranI upasthiti tenA dvitIya yajJanI pUrNAhutinA samaye nahAtI. eTale tenu maraNa che. sa. pU. 181 mAM OM te pUrve (pachI te yajJa saMpUNaeN thayA te samaya pUrve lAMbA vakhate, ke te pUrve mAtra thADA mAsa pUrve ja) thayu` hatu`, eTalA ja prazna tapAsavA rahe che; paNa ApaNane ema te jarUra kahevAmAM Ave che ja ke, te ya AraMbha thayA pUrve lagabhaga eka varSa sudhI azvane chUTA mUkavAmAM Ave che ane tenI doravaNI mATe-tenI pAchaLa pAchaLa yajamAna( vyakti yajJane samAraMbha karanAra heAya te )nA yuvarAja hAya te te, ane tenA abhAve najIkanA kAi kauTukhIka jana, cAlyA jAya che. A prathAne anusarIne yuvarAja vasumitre amuka pradezamAM te te azvanI dAravaNI karI che ja; paNa satalaja nadInA pradezamAM AvatAM, yavana saradArAe azvane aTakAvyA che ane pariNAme yuddha jAmyuM che (uparjI : yavana saradArA sAthe e vigrahamAMthI khIjA prasaMge tenu maraNa thayuM che te) temAM tenuM maraNu nIpajyu hAvuM joie. je uparathI pachI rAjA agnimitrane potAne yuddhamAM UtaravAnA prasaMga Ubho thaye iM; ane temAM jIta meLavI pote, khIjo azvamedha yajJa saMpUrNa karyAM che. A sava khAkhatane vicAra kastAM e ja sAra upara AvavuM www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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itihAsakAronA [ prathama rahe che ke te I. sa. pU. 178 sudhI (yajJa thayA bAda traNa varSa sudhI ) jIvaMta rahevA pAmyo nathI paNa tenuM maraNa i. sa. pU. 181 mAM ja ane te paNa rAjA agnimitra yavana prajA upara chata meLavI te pUrve beDA mAsamAM ja, thayuM lAge che. eTale A traNe banAve eka ja sAlamAM temaja nIcenA anukrame banyAnuM ja ApaNe goThavI zakIzuM. prathamamAM I. sa. pU. 181nI AdimAMyavana prajAnI sAthenA yuddhamAM vasumitranuM maraNa; te bAda turata ja ane kadAca vinA vilaMbe paNa heyayavana prajA sAthenuM rAjA agnimitranuM yuddha ane pachI turata ja bIjA azvamedha yajJanI pUrNAhUti ane kalkinuM upanAma dhAraNa karavuM. A pramANe sthiti hovAthI rAjA agnimitre yavana prajA sAthe yuddha karIne kevA TUMka samayamAM ja temanI hAjarI laI lIdhI hatI, te jema samajI zakAya che, tema tenuM parAkrama kevuM haze tathA sAmane karI TakI rahevAmAM yavana prajAnuM jera kevuM haze tenuM mApa paNa kADhI zakAya che, atre eka mudA tarapha vAcakavarganuM jarA dhyAna kheMcI levA dhAruM chuM. jo ke tenI ati agatyatA nathI ja, paNa prasaMga Avyo che te zA mATe javA de? pR. 46. uparanA koThAmAM vasumitranA maraNanA samaya mATe babe AMkaDA dhArI levA paDayA che; kemake purANakAronA kathanamAM be bheda paDI gayA hatAeka pakSavALAe vasumitranI sattA 7 varSanI AMkI hatI ane bIjAe tenI maryAdA 10 varSanI AMkI hatI; paNa have ApaNane khAtrI thaI che ke tenuM maraNa . sa. pU. 181 mAM ja thayuM che eTale bIjI sAla-I. sa. pU. 178 ne-nirdeza je karAze che te nirarthaka che; ane tema thatAM keTalAka purANakAronuM je maMtavya vasumitranI sattA daza varSa rahI hatI ema thayuM che, te ApoApa khATuM TharI jAya che. have ApaNe vasumitrane janma jayAre I. sa. pU. 208 mAM ane maraNa i. sa. pU. 181 mAM sAbita karI zakyA chIe, tyAre kahevuM ja paDaze, ke tenuM maraNa tenA pitAnA rAjakALa daramyAna mAtra 27 varSanI umara bhara yuvAnImAM nIpajayuM hatuM. tethI karIne ja jaina graMthakAroe tenuM nAma zuMgavaMzI rAjA tarIke nAmAvalImAM dAkhala karela nathI. have tenI tArIkhe ApaNe nIce pramANe goThavI zakIzuM. tenI bhogavela I. sa. pU. umara padanAM varSa 208 * * 188 20 7 janma, ma, saM, 19 yuvarAja pade (puSyamitranuM 38 maraNa ane agnimitranuM svataMtrapaNe rAjapade AvavuM) maraNa 346 upara pramANe puSyamitra-agnimitra ane vasumitra te traNe jaNAne samaya nirNaya thaI javAthI, bhAratIya itihAsakArone mUMjhavatA ane 181 27 jaTilamAM jaTila gaNAtA eka praznane nikAla thaye gaNAze. have eka bIjA muddA upara ApaNe jaie. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] mananuM samAdhAna 5 -- -- * -- -- - - --- - - ------ ----- A traNe vyaktioe judA judA pade rahI je adhikAra bhogave che, te sarvanA samaya viSe tapAsa karIzuM te mAlUma paDaze, ke traNe jaNAe amuka amuka vakhata te eka bIjAnI paDakhe UbhA rahIne rAjya vahIvaTa calAvavAmAM madada karI che ja. ane te mATe teTalA pramANamAM temane paeN. bhAMDArakare che temane Contemporary rulers-sahayogI rAjakartAo-kathA che tema paNa kahI zakAya. jo ke vAstavika rIte te eka samaye eka ja rAjakartA gaNI zakAya, kemake jene rAjyAbhiSeka thayA hoya, tene ekalAne ja te samayane mATe rAjAbhUpati ke bhUpALa kahI zakAya; bIjAne nahIM ja. eTale te daSTie vicAratAM te, puSyamitrane paNa bhUpALa kahI na zakAya tema vasumitrane paNa bhUpati na kahI zakAya. mAtra agnimitrane ekalAne ja samrATa kahe, rAjA kahe, je kahevuM hoya te kahe, te tene ekalAne ja kahI zakAya. ane tene ja zuMgavaMzanA sthApaka tarIke lekhI, tenuM ekalAnuM rAjaya ja 30 varSa paryata cAlyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM paDaze. te pachI turata odraka urphe baLamitra Avyo che. tene zuMgavaMzane bIje rAjA kahevo paDaze ane te pachI anya pAMca rAjA thayA che eTala kula rAjanI saMkhyA sAta jathayAnuM gaNI zakAze. ane agnimitrane zuMgavaMzanA sthApaka tarIke gaNAvatAM, te vaMzano Adi paNa, tenA ja rAjyanA prAraMbhakALathI eTale I. sa. pU. ra04 thI ja gaNa paDaze; jyAre puSyamitrane-ane te ekalAne ja-zuMgAya kahe paDaze. have ApaNe bAkI rahetA rAjAnA samayanI vicAraNA karIe. uparamAM jaNAvAyuM che ke puSyamitra-animitra bAkInA pachI je rAjAo thayA che jAo temanI kula saMkhyA chanI che. ane te sarvene samagra rAjyakALa 60 varSa che. temAMnA keInA rAjya bahu mahatvatA dharAvanAre aitihAsika prasaMga banyA hevAnuM neMdhAyuM nathI. chatAM koI koI ThekANethI je zilAlekhe jevuM maLI AvyuM che te anvaye jaNAya che ke, A badhA alpasamathI rAjAomAM eka (20) Jo. B. R. S. Vol. XX No. 3 & 4 P. 301:-" Senapatiga titayo" means "the third from its Senapati " like the expreg. sion " senapateh Pushyamitrasya shashthena " of the Ayodhya inscription= ja. e. bI. rI. se. pu. 20 aMka 3-4 pR. 301:jema apAyAnA lekhamAM lente pumitrA vana (eTale ke senApati puSyamitrathI chaThThA purUSa ) ema zabda vAparyo che te ja pramANe senApati tito ( eTale senApatithI trIjo) evA bhAvAmAM vAparyuM samajAya che. mArUM TIpa-e ke uparanuM lakhANa vidvAna mahAzake (paMDita jayasvAla sAhebe ) sumitranA sikkA saMbaMdhI batAvyuM che ane temAM mitre " senApatithI trIne ' pitAne oLakhAvyo che. paNa tenuM tAtparya e che ke, senApati puSyamitrathI tenA vaMzamAM pite trIne purUSa hovAnuM jaNAve che. A uparathI e paNa sAbita thAya che ke puSyamitrane te vaMzane eka agaNI purUSa te gaNo ja che. paNa te hamezAM senApati tarIke ja oLakhAvo che. teNe koI divasa samrATa tarIke, rAjanI lagAma hAtha dharI nahatI, ema tenA vaMzaja sumitranuM kahevuM thAya che. [ sumitrane ApaNe paNa zaMgavaMzanI vaMzAvaLImAM kayAMka goThavo paDaze ja.suSanuM nAma-aMtyAkSara mitra neDavAthI-sumitra karAvavuM vyAjabI gaNAze.] juo AgaLa u52. (21) jAe kailAMbI-prabhAsanA zilAlekha tathA nIcenI TIka naM. 22 jue.

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bAkInA rAjAo [ prathama koI adraka nAme rAjA thayo che ke jeNe pitAnA tethI karIne je sarva kathanane pUrepUro meLa ghaTAva rAjyanA 10 mA varSanI ane 14 mA varSanI hoya che, ane sarve varNanane ekadhArA baMdhasAlamAM te zilAlekho utarAvyAnuM lakhANa besatA karavA hoya te, agnimitra pachI turatanA karela che. eTale spaSTa thAya che ke te adaka rAjAnuM nAma baLamitra TharAvI,tene satareka varSa ApavA rAjAnuM rAjya paMdara varSathI vadhAre cAlyuM ja ane te bAda bhAnumitra nAmanA rAjA TharAvI tenA hovuM joIe, jyAre mi. vinsenTa smitha hisse vinseTa smitha sAhebanA kahevA pramANe pitAnI ahi.I. nI trIjI AvRttimAM koI ekalA bhAgane 32 varSa na ApatAM, te 32mAMthI bhAgavata nAmanA rAjAnA bhAge 32 varSa paNa baLamitra athavA adrakanA upara pramANe kapela samarpe che. ane kena graMthakAra puSyamitra-agni- satara varSa bAda karI. bAkI rahetAM paMdara varSa mitranI pachI tarata ja baLamitrabhAnumitranA tene bhAnumitra u bhAga TharAvIne tenA khAte nAma ApI, te bannenA saMyukta nAma sAthe 60 caDAvavA. Ama karavAthI te bhAga athavA bhAnu varSano AMka mUke che. eTale kadAca zilAlekha mitrane minenDarane sahayogI-samakAlInapaNe mahele adraka tathA purANakArane bhAga ane vartate paNa pUravAra karI zakAya che. ( juo smitha sAhebane bhAgavata, tema ja jaina graMthakArone tenuM varNana.) te bAda bAkI rahetA cAra rAjAo bhAnumitra, te sarve eka ja vyakti paNa hoya. mATe sATha varSamAMthI bAkI khUTatA 28 varSa tyAre trIjI bAjU grIka itihAsa uparathI 24 (60-3=28) TharAvavAM. eTale zuMgavaMzane kALa mAlUma paDe che ke temanA saradAra minenDarane-mire- je 90 varSa che ane zuMgabhUtya sAthe 112 Darane keIka IMgavaMzI rAjA sAthe i. sa. pU. varSano che te saMpUrNa thaI gayo kahevAze. 150-154nI AsapAsamAM laDAImAM UtaravuM paDayuM have AkhA zuMgavaMzanI 25-zuMgabhUtya hatuM. vaLI ApaNe eka karatAM vadhAre vAra sAbita ane zuMgavaMza sameta-nAmAvalI tathA samayAvaLI karI gayA chIe, ke kaI graMthakAroe khoTuM kamavAra ApaNe nIce pramANe sukhethI goThavI nivedana karyuM ja nathI, paNa mAtra temanI Alekhana zakIzuM ane te bAda temanA pratyenAM jIvanadaSTi bhinnabhinna gaNatrIe baMdhAyelI hovAthI, caritra jeTale darajaje lagya che teTale darajaje temanuM varNana juduM juduM paDI jatuM dekhAya che. AlekhavA prayatna karIzuM. nAma ma. sa. I. sa. pU. varSa TIppaNa zuMgabhUtya - 301 thI 323 226 thI ra04- rara 226 thI 204 ) 301-323 mauryavaMzI rAjAonA e senApati tarIke204 thI 188 * zuMgabhutya. vAnaprastha avasthAmAM puSpamitra 323-339 (22) jue ke hi. I. pR. 522. (23) juo AgaLa upara vaMzAvaLInAM TIppaNe. (24) juo AgaLa upara mirenDaranuM jIvanavRttAMta. (25 ) A nAmAvALAo nIce pramANe che. ane temanI sAme lakhela TekANe mAlUma paDe che.

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ne samaya pariccheda ] zugavaMza, ( ma. saM. 323=I. sa. ( ma. saM. 413=I. sa. (1) agnimitra-zaMgavaMzanA sthApaka- pU. 204 ) thI pU. 114) sudhI 90 varSa samrATa-puSyamitranI haiyAtImAM 323 thI 339 26svataMtra sAdo 339 thI 346 samrATa katikarUpe 346 thI 353 204 thI 188 188 thI 181= 181 thI 174= 16 ( 7 7) aMtargata yuvarAja vasumitra 339 thI 346 187 thI 188 ) " ra (1) aneka purANonA AdhAre pAchuTara sAhebe je goThavI che te jAo pA, ka. lisTa nAme pustakamAM pR. 70) puSyamitra 36 agnimitra 8 suSa 7. vasumitra 10 juo upara TIna 19 aMdhaka 2 puliMdika 3. gheSa 3 vajamitra 9 bhAgavata 32 devabhUti 18 120 (2) mi. vileMTa smithanA mate (jAe a.hi. che. trIjI AvRtti pR. 204 TI. naM. 1 ) puSyamitra 36 agnimitra 8 vasumitra 10 aMdhaka 2 pukiMdika 3 ghoSa 3. vAmitra 9 bhogavata 32 devabhUti 10 (3) ke. hi. che. pR. 118 upara lisTa ApyuM che te uparamAM naM (1)nA pATara sAhebanA lisTa pramANe ja che. (4) buddhiprakAza pu. 76, pR. 88 mAM divAna bahAdara kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruve vAyupurANanA saMzodhana bAda pote tAravI kADhayA pramANe puSyamitra 37 animitra 30 sujha 7 vasumitra che pulidika 3 ghoSa 3 vasumitra 7 edraka 7 devabhUti 10 (5) ja. e. se. beM. pu. 49 (180)bhA. 1 pR. 21 thI 29 upara, hiMdanA AMkIolojIkalasavALA mi. e. sI. kArboIle je sikkA pitAne maLI AvyA hatA te uparathI " mitravaMza " nA rAja tarIke ApyA che. temaNe temAM nAma ke tArIkhane anukrama sAca nathI ema samajavuM. mAtra sikkA joyA che teTaluM cokkasa che. vaLI te mitravaMza kayo kahevAya? zuMgavaMza sAthe zuM saMbaMdha che? te bane eka ke bhinna che, tevuM paNa kAMI sUcana karyuM nathI. ( ema te IrAnanA rAjao je pitAne radhuvaMzI dilipanA bhAIo kahevarAve che teonA che? paNa "mitra" zabda cheDAyalo lAge che.) 1 puSyamitra 8 mimitra 2 bhadraSa 9 imitra 3 sUryamitra 10 vijayamitra 4 anumitra 11 satyamitra 5 bhAnumitra 12 sayamitra 6 animitra 13 Ayumitra 7 phakyunimitra 14 dhruvamitra ( A pravamitrane sikko mi. kArlAIle tene nathI, paNa sara kaniMgahAme joyo che ema noMdha umerI che.) ( 16 ) jue u5ramAM TI, naM. 16 ane tenI sAthe sarakhAve. temAM prathamanA sAta varSa sAdA samrATa tarIkenA ane bIja sAta kalika samrATa tarIkenA lekhavA, ekaMdara 14 varSa svataMtra samrATanA. T ddd Shree Sudhammaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vaMzAvaLI [ prathama 174 thI 157 17t (2) taka urphe - baLamitra 353 thI 370 (3) bhAga ure bhAgavata - ' u bhAnumitra 370 thI 385 157 thI 14ra 15) 14ra thI 135 ( 4 ) sunyUjha-sumitra 7 385 thI 39ra (5) ghe27 30 thI 306 135 thI 11 ra8 (6) vasumitra 27 396 thI 403 131 thI 1ra4 (7) devabhUti7 43 thI 413 124 thI 114 10) 9 varSa (27) A cAra rAjaenA hise ekaMdara 8 varSa gaNavAnA che, paNa pratyenI sAthe je AMka saMkhyA TharAvI che, te bhale ekasapaNe te nathI ja; paNa aMdAje temanA bhAge anAme 7, 4, 7 ane 10 pheravI zakAya tema che. kadAca temane anukrama paNa pheraphAra heya. bAkI chellAnuM nAma devabhUti ane tenuM rAjya 10 varSa che teTaluM nizcitapaNe mAnavuM rahe che.

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nigin - - - - - dvitIya pariccheda saMkSipta sAra-puSyamitranI utpatti ane oLakha-teNe batAvelI svadharma pratyenI lAgaNI ane karela dharmapracAranuM varNana - (1) kaliMgAdhipati cakravartI khAravela(2) pravaMzanA sthApaka rAjA zrImukha (3) yavana saradAra minenDara-mirenDara ane (4) magadhasamrATa bRhaspatimitra A cAra vyaktione ItihAsavettAoe puSyamitranA samakAlIna gaNAvela che. temAM rahela satyAtyanI laMbANathI lIdhela bArIka tapAsa tathA pu. 1, pR. 15ra thI 156 upara lakhela varNananI sarakhAmaNI karI, bAMdhI Apela chevaTane nirNaya- paM. pataMjalI mahAzaya ane puSyamitranA jIva upara prakAza tathA temanA dharma pracAra vizenI kAMika jhAMkhI-mahAzaya pataMjalInI utpatti, umara tathA samaya vizenI vicAraNA-te bannenA cAritranI laMbANa tapAsa ane temanA jIvana banAve uparathI karavI paDelI keTalIka sarakhAmaNI--

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puSyamitranI [ dvitIya zuMgabhutva-puSyamitra kharI rIte te rAjavaMzI purUSono ja ItihAsa ApaNe lakhavAno che, eTale te hisAbe puSyamitranuM mathALuM juduM pADIne kAMI paNa lakhI zakIe nahIM ja; kemake te mAtra mahApurUSa hato paNa svataMtra rAjA to nahoto ja. eTale sAmrAjayanA bhUtya -sevaka tarIke itihAsakAroe tenI noMdha lIdhI che ! te sarva IlekhAba ApaNe vAcaka pAse yathArtha rIte samajAvI cUkyA chIe; chatAM atre ApaNe tenI svataMtra noMdha je karavI rahe che, te eTalA mATe ke ItihAsamAM tenA vaMzajoe ati agatyane pATha bhajavyo che, ane tethI te vaMzanI utpatti-AdinI ApaNane tenA jIvana- dvArA kAMIka oLakha thAya bAkI rAjakAraNanA aMge tenI je kArakIrdI jANavAnI jarUra che, te te tenA jevA anya rAjadvArI purUSonI bAbatamAM jema haMmezAM banatuM AvyuM che, tema te te samayanA rAjanuM varNana lakhatAM lakhatAM prAsaMgika vivecana lakhAI javAyuM che. te mATe A pustakamAM mauryavaMzanI paDatI ane vinAza nAmanA ja prathama paricchede IsArA karI devAyA che, te vAMcI jevAthI paNa samajI zakAze. tema have pachI tenA putra agnimitranuM rAjyavRttAMta tathA pata jalI mahAzayanA jIvananI AchI rekhA AlekhavAnI che temAM paNa avAranavAra IsarAo Avaze ja. tenA mULa vatana vize bahu jaNAyuM nathI, paNa je be traNa ThekANe kAMIka te upara prakAza pADe tevuM nedhAyuM che, te atre jaNuvavuM jarUrI che. eka lekhaka jaNAve che ke tenI oLakha "bhAradaja nAme brAhmaNonI eka guMga nAme peTA zAkhAmAMthI puSyamitra utarI Avyo che-Pushyamitra belonged to Sunga dynasty, a branch of the Bhardhwaja clan of Brabaming" jyAre eka bIjA lekhake je tenI utpatti vize purANune AdhAra laIne ema lakhyuM che ke " nA niyukta pUiA hone sajA tA dharma sattA te saMmatta nAma che muti viSNuyA trAhmaLa je vAM, mAvAna viSNu hi ? meM jhavatAra sai " ( juo zrImad bhAgavata, skaMdha 12, adhya. 2, pR. 1030-34) tyAre vaLI bauddhagraMtha nAme divyAvadAnanA 29 mA avadAnamAM A puSyamitrane puSpadharmAne putra jaNAvyuM ke che. A pramANe sarva lekhakonI mAnyatA puSyamitranA pitAnA nAma mATe bhale judI judI pravartI rahI che, paNa eTale sudhI to teo sarve ekamata che ke, puSyamitra janma brAhmaNa hato ja. eTale ApaNe tenA vaMzajone zuMgavaMzI rAjAonebrAhmaNadharmAnuyAyI lekhIzuM. agnimitra sivAya tene koI anya putro hatA ke kema athavA tene keTalI strIo hatI te | viSe paNa kaMI jaNAyuM nathI ja, paraMtu eka lekhaka jaNAve che ke "tene ATha putro hatA. temAM ekanuM nAma bRhaspatimitra hatuM. chaThTho purUSa dhanadeva te kezalarAjA phatrudevanI putrI kauzikI (1) jue iM. hI. kA~, , 5, pR. 394. (2) jue nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAnI patrikA nAme trimAsika pu. , khaMDa 1, pR. 60, TI, 3. (3) puSyamitra te ja rAja kalika che ema A nibaMdhanA lekhaka mahAzayanuM matagya baMdhAyuM che. vizeSa mATe AgaLa kalika rAjanA vRttAte juo. (4) jue uparanI nA. pra. 5. pu. 10, naM. 4, pR. 6' nuM TIpaga. (5) juo ja. bI. e. rI se. pu. 13. pu. 240 thI 250 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] je puSyamitranI rANI hatI tene peTe janmyA hatA. ' A hakIkatamAM keTaluM satya che, te tapAsatrA jeTaluM ApaNI pAse sAdhana nathI, tema kAMruM agatyatA paNa nathI. (jue TI. 5 mAM te uparanuM vivecana ) ATalI vAta tenI jAta vize thai. paNa keie tenA vatana vize leza mAtra jaNAvyuM nathI. kharUM che ke uparamAM eka lekhake tene zAla gAmane rahIza kahyo che, paNa tenu sthAna athavA pradeza ajANyAM hAvAthI te upara kAMi vivecana karavA jevI sthitimAM ApaNe nathI ja; chatAM ApaNI pAse je kAMi AchIpAchalI gheADI hakIkatanI sAmagrI paDI che te AdhAre jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, aMdhavI zAtakaraNI khIjAe (aMdhavazanA rAjA sAtamA ) ati upara caDAI karIne mauvaMzI samrATa vRSabhasenane harAvIne mArI nAMkhyA tathA tenI gAdI upara tenA putrane adhiSThita karyAM tyAre tenA sainyAdhipati tarIke teNe A puSpamitrane veSTita karyA hatA. pachI te puSyamitrane potAnI sAthe ja caDAi karatI vakhate sAthe lAvyA hatA ke pAchaLathI kheAlAvI tyAM sthApita karyAM hatA te judI vAta che. matalaba ke zAtakaraNI rAjAneA te vizvAsu mANasa hatA ane saMbhavita che ke te tenA vatananA ja mANasa haze. vaLI pataMjalI mahAzaya, A aMdhavazI rAjA zAtakaraNI tathA zuMgavaMzI puSyamitra, te traNenAM jIvanacaritra je puSyamitra ( tenA ATha putro ) J * 1 bRhaspati mitra 9 khIjI rANI AnA peTa (2)(3)(4)(5) oLakha rANI kozikI kAzala dezanA rAnna phalgu Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 65 anyAanya rIte guMthAyelAM che, te uparathI anumAna dArI zakAya che ke te traNe ekaja pradezanAgadAvarI ane kRSNA nadInA mukhavALA pradeza ne te samaye geAvaradhana samaya tarIke dhaNuM karIne oLakhAvAtA hatA (jIe AgaLa upara pataMjalI mahAzayane lagatI hakIkata ) tenA -vatanI hatA ane eka ja dharmonuyAyI hatA. have samajAze ke te kharI rIte hatA te aMdhava zanA mANasa-bhRtyaH-paNa tenI nAkarInI nimaNuka mauvaMzanA rAjavInA hAtha taLe thai hovAthI te mauryavaMzanA paNa bhRtyasevaka kahI zakAyaH A mauryavaMzI rAjaamalamAM teNe 22 va sudhI nokarI karI che. eTale thoDA vakhata adha vazI nRtyaH ane thoDA vakhata nau vaMza bhRtya: ema jjudo judo prasaMga batAvavA karatAM peAtAnA nAma pAchaLa ja 'nRtya ' zabda lagADIne potAne " zu'gaNya '' tarIke oLakhAvyA hAya te vAstavika dekhAya che; athavA kaho ke te ItihAsakAroe tene te pramANe samayanA sakhAkhyA che. teNe potAnA hAthataLe-sainyanA khAsa javAbadAra adhikArI tarIke peAtAnA putra agnimitrane paNa joDyo hatA ema hakIkata nIkaLe che. ane jayAre i. sa. pU. 204 mAM rAjyanI sthiti kAMika kaTokaTIbharI thai paDI hatI tyAre ane pitAputre-ekatra thaine peAtAnA svAmI mauryavaMzI 7) ane (8) A chamAMthI koInuM nAma jaNAvyu nathI (6) dhanadeva devanI putrI ) teNInA peTe AmAM je agnimitra gAdIpati thayA che tene kayA putra gajuve te khulatu nathI, paNa sabhava che ke na. 6 vALeA dhanadeva haro. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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samakAlIna [ dvitIya chellA samrATa bahathane mArI nAMkhI. avaMtinI gAdI potAnA hastamAM lIdhI hatI (ma.saM. 23) teNe potAnA samaye tathA AkhA zuMgavaMzI rAjakartAoe-prathamanA bhAge pAMjalI mahAzayanI doravaNIthI ane pAchaLathI-dhama pratyenA premane lIdhe athavA dharmapracAra arthe brAhmaNadhama pradhAnonI (jenA vaMzane-olAdane itihAsakAroe karavavaMza tarIke oLakhAvyo che) salADathI, je jenadharma samrATa priyadarzananA rAjyaamale vizvavyApaka banI gayo hato tenI anuthAyI gaNAtI samasta jaina prajA tarapha-mukhyapaNe dhamopadezaka zramaNa varga tarapha-eTale te rAjadaDano kera vIMjhavA mAMDyo hato ke ta na dharma A zugavaMzI amala daramyAna nahIMvat jevo thaI paDyo hato ( vize Adha- kAra AgaLa upara). A pramANe te vaMzanI kALI bAjU hovA chatAM, jarUra temane mATe uccArI zakIzuM ke mauryavaMzI vRSabhasenanA amala daramyAna, bhArata upara vAyavya hadanA nAkethI paradezI AkramaNakArenAM je ToLAM vAraMvAra utarI AvavAM lAgyAM hatAM temanI hIlacAla upara temaNe ghaTata aMkuza mUkyo hato. jo ke kAzmira tathA paMjaLavALo bhAga ane uttara hiMdamAM mayurAne pradeza avaMtinI sattAmAMthI khasI javA pAmyA hatA. paNa te te vRSabhasenanA samayanA banAva tarIke kharI rIte lakhI zakAya tevA che. rAjakIya tAva sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA tenA samakAlIna purU tarIke (1) kaliMgAdhipati khAvela rAvatI (2) AMbo samakAlIna ne sthApaka zA zrImukha (2) vyaktio yavana prajAne saradAra minTara tathA (6) magadhAdhipati kAIka vaMza samrATa bahapatimitraH Aga cAra vyaktiAne judA judA vidvAna lekha che. jyAre rAjakIya saMbaMdha vinAnA samakAlIna purU tarIke prakhyAta vikiraNa pataMjalI mahAzayane gara che. A pAMca puravAmAM kayA kayA puSyamitranA samakAlInapaNe kharekharI rIte vaLI zake, te naNavAnI khAsa jarUra che. kAraNa ke je te bInA - hAsika labiMduthI sAbita karI zakAya to, ItahAsavettAoe je itihAsa AtkhanamAM keTalIka bhUle khAdhI che, tene AkheApa nikAla thaI jaze ane ApaNe kharA rAha upara AvI jaIzuM. prathama ApaNe khAravela ane magadhrATa haspatimitranuM puSyamitra sAyanuM samakAlanapaNuM vicArI joIe. pahelAM to koI vidvAna ame pAkI khAtrothI bahAra ja nathI karatA ke, A magadhasatrATa bahapatimitra te kalA vaMzanI hatA, ane tenA samaya kayo hato, paNa takadhA ne ke pustakIya purAvA karatAM rilAlakhI purA hamezAM vizeSapaNe mAnya ane baLavattara tapA vajanadAra gaNAya che; tethI cakartA khAraverAnA svahaste ja kotarAyelA hAtha guphAnA rilA (6) mAlavikAgnimitra nAmanA nATakamAM paNa tenA kartAe, rAja agnimitranI gAdI vidizAmAM ja hevAnuM jaNAvyuM che. ( juo buddhiprakAro pu. 71, pU. 66. paMkti 16-18) jainAcAryone je itihAsa khAya che temAM Aya, suhastichanA maraNa bAda deDha varSa sudhInA Iti hAsanuM eka moTuM gAbaDuM paDayuM che. tenuM kAra: A zuMgavaMzI rAjaamalanuM dharma jhanUna ja hatuM. (8) sarakhA nIcenI TIka naM. 24 (7) zrI mahAvIranI pATa paraMparAmAM Avela

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pariccheda ] lekhA AdhAra, zaMkA rahita mAnya rAkhavA ja paDaze. temAM lakhyuM che }E "Khavela in* vaded Magadha and laid siege to Rajgriha and that four years later, he captured the royal palace (at Pataliputra) and made the Raja of the Magadhas fall at his feet.= khAravele magadha upara caDAI karI rAjagRhIte gherI hatI. te bAda cAra varSe ( pATaliputrane ) rAjamahela kabaje karIne, magadhapatine potAnA paga pAse namAvyA hatA." tyAre bIjI bAjU ema jaNAvavAmAM Ave che ke, puSya nakSatrane svAmi bRhaspati che, eTale puSpa ane bRhaspati te banne zabdo eka ja gaNAya ane parasparasUcaka tarIke vAparavAmAM Ave che; jethI ' puSpamitra ' zabda te bRhaspatimitro badale vaparAyeluM bIjuM nAma gaNAya ane te uparathI je magadhapati bRspatimitranA upara pramANe pheja cakravartI khAravele ANyA hatA, te anya koI nahI paNu puSpamitra zu'gavaMzI urphe gRhaspatimitra samajavA. vaLI ema paNa kahevAmAM Ave che ke ( je ApaNe AgaLa upara joIzu 3) atipati rAjA puSyamitre magadhanI rAjadhAnI pATileputra upara caDAi karIne tyAMnA rAjAne harAvyA tathA pATaliputra lUTI laIne 16 vyakti (9) jIe i. hi. kA. pu. 5, pR. 187. (10) jIe ja, bI, gA. rI. se. pu. 13, pR. 244-50. (11) ke. hiM. iM, pR. 518-sidizAnA rAjyanI sAthe, ane temAM paNa mukhyapaNe tenAM sAhitya ane zilAlekhA sAthe ja zuga(vA)nuM Ama joDAyaluM dekhAya che. C. H. I. P. 518. It is with the kingdom of Vidisa that the Sungas are especially associated with the literature Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 17 khedAnamedAna karI nAMkhyuM. eTale ema sAbita thayuM ke puSpamitra ane magadhapati ane judI ja vyakti che. matalaba ke, eka vakhate ema kahevuM ke cakravartI khAravele magadhapati bRhaspatimitra urphe puSyamitrane harAvyA ( eTale ke hAranAra vyati puSyamitra thaI ! ane bIjI takhate pAchuM ema kahevu ke puSpamitre ja magadhapati bRhaspatimitrane harAvye ( eTale ke harAvanAra vyakti puSyamitra thaI che. A badhuM paraspara virodhita ane agrAsagika dekhAya che. A uparathI e ja sAbita thAya che ke (1) khAravelathI parAjIta thayela bRspatimitra te puSyamitra paNa nathI (2) tema khAravela ane puSyamitra samakAlIna pazu nathI ! bAkI khAravela ane bRhaspatimitra te to samakAlina che ja, eTaluM nivivAditapaNe svIkAravuM ja joie, kAraNa ke zilAlekha uparathI ja te hakIkata to siddha thAya che.12 ( juA pu. 1, pR. 388. upara tathA pu. 4 mAM khAravelA vRttAMte ). jema khAravela ane puSyamitra e samakA lona nathI. tema UlaTuM khAravela te puSyamitranI pUrve keTalAMya varSe thaI gayela che. tenA purAvA paNa maLI Ave che. ja. e. bI. rI. sA. pu. 13 pR. 240-50 mAM (nIce TIppaNa 16 and inscriptions. ( matalaba ke zu gavaMzIonI rAjyagAdI avatimAM ja hatI ). (12) kAraNa ke ApaNe khAravelanA samaya i. sa. pU. 429 thI 393=ma, sa, 98 thI 134 lekhIe chIe ane bRhaspatimitra urphe AThamA naMdanA samaya I. sa. pU. 417 thI 414 sudhInA gaNIe chIe; jyAre puSyamitrano samaya te I. sa. pU. 204 che ( lagabhaga 175 varSanuM aMtara che). www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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samakAlIna [ dvitIya juo) amarakejanA AdhAre lakhAyuM che ke, "puSyamitra pachI tene putra agnimitra bhAratane samrATa thayo. tene amarakeSanI TIkAmAM cakravartI tarIke nirdo che. agnimitranA sikkAnI peThe barAbara te ja koTi ane rUpano sikko bRha- spatimitro che. bRhaspatimitranA sikkA agnimitranA sikkAthI pahelAMnA 13 manAya che. bRhaspatimitrane sagapaNa saMbaMdha ahicchatranA rAjAo sAthe hato ke jeo brAhmaNa hatA, e kosama-pabhesAnA zilAlekhathI nakkI che.14" A vAkyathI nIce pramANe phalitArtha nIkaLe che (1) agnimitranI rAjakIti cakravartInA jevI java- laMta hatI (2) agnimitranA sikkA upalaka daSTie jotAM te bRhaspatimitranA sikakA jevA ja dekhAvamAM che, paNa bArIkAIthI tapAsatAM bRhaspatinA sikkA, agnimitranA karatAM pUrva samayanA dekhAya che. eka keTinA ane eka rUpanA heya tethI bahubahu te eTaluM ja siddha thAya, ke baMnene amala eka ja pradeza upara cAlyA haze, paNa tenA ghaDatara ke bAhya svarUpamAM lAkSaNika rIte je taphAvata mAlUma paDe che, te baMnenI vaccenA samayane AMtare ja batAvanAruM lekhAya. have je bahaspatimitra te ja puSyamitra hoya ane puSyamitranI pachI turata ja tene putra agnimitra gAdIe Avyo hoya, te te benI vaccenuM aMtara bikula na ja gaNuM zakAya. eTale sAbita thayuM ke, puSyamitranA ane agnimitranA sikkAne je samaya heya, tenA karatAM bahaspatimirane samaya bahu pUrvano che ane tethI ja bahaspatimitranA sikkA, agnimitranA sikkAnI pUrve pAvAmAM AvyA heAya tevI rIte judA paDI jatA dekhAya che. A uparathI siddha thAya che ke jema puSyamitra ane agnimitra samakAlIna che, tema khAravela ane bRhaspatimitra paNa samakAlIna che. paNa puSyamitra ane khAravelanA samayanI vacce te aMtara ja che; chatAM koInA manamAM ema paNa UgI Ave ke, hAthIguphAnA zilAlekhamAM noMdhAyA pramANe, prathama khAravele magadhapati bahaspatimitrane harAvyA hoya, eTale khAravela magadhapati (13) "jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka" khaMDatrI pU. 378: jue TI. naM. 16; ApaNe paNa temaja batAvI gayA chIe, kAraNa ke bRhaspatimitra (Ae pu. 1, pR. 324.) ne samaya I. sa. pU. 417 che jyAre puSya. mitrane samaya I. sa. pU. 204 che. (14) A hakIktane yurepanA prasiddha aitihA- sikee paNa svIkArI lIdhI che. (5. jayasvAlajI jenA sAhitya saMzodhaka. khaMDa bIje pR. 37). (15) sara kaniMgahAma potAnA ke. I. e. nAme pastakamAM pR. 76 upara lakhe che keH I incline rather to assign the coins (bearing name of Agnimitra ) to a local dynasty of princes as they are very rarely found beyond the limits of North Pauchala animitranA nAmavALA sikkAne sthAnika rAjavaMzI mAnavA tarapha mAruM valaNa vadhAre ne vadhAre thatuM naya che kemake uttara pAMcAlanI hanI bahAra te (sikka) kavacita ja jaDI Ave che. (16) sara kaniMgahAma potAnA ko. I. e. pR. 81 upara lakhe che ke The coin (PI, vii fig. 1 & 2 of Brihaspatimitra) is earlier than any of the Mitrns-(citrapaTa, 7. mAM . 1, 2 vALa brahaspatimitrane siko) mitravaMzI rAjAonA keI paNa sikkA karatAM prAcIna che (eTale ke mitra akSaranA aMtavALA zuMgavaMzI rAjAnA karatAM te prAcIna che. ) sarakhA uparanuM TI. naM. 13,

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=== = = pariccheda ] vyaktio ba gaNAya. ane pachI zuM thaDAMka varSe, khAravela ane puSyamitrane samakAlInapaNe hevAnuM avaMtipati puSyamitra, magadhapati khAravelanA mAnI levAne ApaNane acUkapaNe nA pADe che. rAjapATa pATaliputra nagara upara hale na laI pR, 66 upara gaNAvela samakAlIna jaI zake? ane jo laI zake te zuM puSya- cAra vyaktiomAMnA, pahelA naMbaranA khAravela mitra ane khAravela bane samakAlIna na thaI ane cothA naMbaranA bRhaspatine samaya vicArI zake?-- dalIla te ThIka che. paNa je itihAsane gayA. have ApaNe bIjA naMbaranA zrImukha saMbaMdhI kaI abhyAsI jarA paNa khyAla karaze, te A vicAra karIe. hAthIguMjAnA lekhathI ApaNane dalIla kevI pikaLa che te turata samajI zakAya jJAna thAya che ke, zrImukha ane khAravela bane tema che. kyAM puSyamitranI zakti ane tene rAjya samasamaye vidyamAna hatA; tema vaLI uparamAM viratAra? ane kyAM cakravartI khAravelanI zakti ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke te khAravela ane ane rAjya vistAra ? prathama te khAravela pate bahaspamitra ema bane, rAjA puSyamitra karatAM ghaNAM je samaye magadhapati upara caDAI laI gayo varSo pUrve vidyamAna hatA; eTale bhUmitinA niyama hata, te pahelA tenA rAjyane vistAra eTale pramANe rAjA zrImukha paNa rAjA puSyamitranI meTa hatuM ke tene cakravartI lekhavAmAM AvatA pahelAM ghaNAM varSo upara thai gayAnuM ApoApa hatA; ane magadhapatine parAsta karyA bAda siddha thaI jAya che; chatAM eka ati hasavA te tenI zaktimAM temaja vistAramAM ora jevI hakIkata te vidvAna taraphathI e manAtI vadhAre ja thaI gayo kahevAya. tyAre zuM Ave che, ke rAjA zrImukhane eka veLA puSyamitrano AvA mahAna, parAkramI ane zaktimAna khAravela samakAlIna gaNe che ane bIjI ja veLA pAchuM cakravartInI sAme, puSyamitra jevo nAno avaM. ema manAve che ke, A puSyamitranA chellA vaMzaja tipati caDAI laI jAya kharo? vaLI bIjuM, devabhUtine mArI, tenA pradhAne kanyavaMza sthA cakravartInA mulakanA koI dUra paDela bhAga upara hate; ane te ja kanyavaMzanA chellA puruSa suzarmanane caDI jaI tene khedAnamedAna karavAnuM paNa banI A ja zrImukhe mArIne, AMdravaMza sthApyo hato, zakavuM jyAM asaMbhavita lekhAya, tyAM tenI ane jyAre zrImukha te avaMtipati banyo hato 10 rAjadhAnI jevuM nagara-pATaliputra, tene puSya- tyAre te phalitArtha e thayo ke zrImukha te rAjA mitra khedAnamedAna karI nAMkhe te hakIkata jarA puSyamitrane paNa samakAlIna thaye, temaja kanvapaNa mAnI zakAya tevI che? A hakIkata ja vaMzI chellI puruSa suzarmAnano paNa samakAlIna thayo (17) jue khAravelanA vRttAMta, tenA rAjyane vistAra batAvanA nakaze ane tene puSyamitranA rAjyavistAranA nakazA sAthe sarakhA : tathA bIjI paNa aneka dalIlo (puSyamitra tathA khAravela samakAlIna hoI na zake te muddo spaSTa karanArA) khAravelanA jIvanacaritre lakhI che te vAMcI juo. (18) C, A.R. Pre, Jiv 58;-The four Purauas, which have been thus iudependently examined for the purpose of this introduction (eTale ke AMbavaMza zI rIte zarU thaye ari 2144 H12) agree in stating that first of the Andhra kings rose to power by slaying Susharman, the last of the Kanvas.

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70 uparAMta, puSyamitranA samakAlInapaNe thavA mATe paNa te kAMIka umare pahe McyA ja gAya; tema vaLI suzmanane mArIne gAdIe kheDo te vakhate paNa pukhta umare ja pahoMcyA have! ja manAya. tema vaLI zrImukhe 36 varSa rAjya paNa karyAMna tihAsa kahe che. eTale zrImukhanuM AyuSya, ne uparanI tavArIkha sAcI ja hare te. puSya mitranI umara sAthe besatA thavA mATe, te samaye zrImukhanI ubhara kamamAM kama 25 varSanI (pukhta vaya gaNavA mATe A AMka lIdho che)+ zuMgavaMza cAlyAnA kALa 90 varSa + kanva`za cAlyAneA kALa 45 va + 36 varSa zrImukhatA potAnA rAjyakALa = ema maLI kula zrImukhanuM AyuSya 25 + 90 + 5 + ?' 196 varSanuM thayuM kahevAya. zu A kAi rIte banavA ceAgya che ? eTale temanI ja dalIlathI ane temanA ja zabdothI puravAra thA che ke rAjA puSyamitra koI rIte rAjA zrImukhA sabhasamayavartI heI ja na za; paNa kAM to AgaLa athavA kAM te pAchaLa ja hoi zake. paraMtu ApaNe pR. 69 uparanI paktimAM temaja agAu paga siddha karI gayA chIe ke, khAravela cakravartI te rAjA puSyamitranI pUrve keTalAMya varSo thai gayA che. eTale cakravartI khAravelanA makAlIna zrImukhane paNa, rAjA puSpamitranI pUrve ja ane te pazu bahu lAMbA samaye thai gayA gaNavA rahe che. A pramANe prathamanI cAra vyaktienA, eTale ke khAvela, samakAlIna (19) ja. e. bI. vI. mA. pu. 1776 pR. 245 tayaH A pustake AgaLa upara lakhela kephe jue. ( 2 ) jIe AgaLa upara paraderI praznanA pari de temanI nAmAvaLI ane samayAvaLI ApavAmAM AvI che. (3) iM, hiM. kanne, pu, pa. pR. 404-kemake I. sa. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dvitIya zrImukha, puSyamitra ane bRhaspatimitranA, mAtra samaya paratvenI vicAraNA karI lIdhI. ( bIjA banavA mATenI sarakhAmaNInI dalIle cakravartI khAravelA vRtAMte karavI phrIka gaNuo; tathA keTalIka carcA pR. 1 mAM pR. 154 thI 161 sudhImAM karavAmAM AvI che. te banne sthaLeAge te levA vinaMti che. ) have vicAravAne rahyo mAtra yavana saradAra birenDara -minenDaranA samakAlInapaNe hAvAneA muddo. yavana (grIka) kRtivAsa pramANe A minDaraminenDara te grIkarAjA yukreTAIDajhanA kuTuMbamAMno koI khezIjana hatA; ane te grIka rAjA yukreTAIDajha ( jene samaya i. sa. pR. 160 che ) nA9 putra relIAkalsa (jene samaya i. sa. pU. 13 che) nA samaye hiMdamAM rAjya karatA hatA. A be grIka pAdazAhanA samaya 40 ( ApaNe temane kitahAsa lakhata sAbita karIzuM) ne te puSyamitra zuMgavazanA samayanI ( jue pR i upara : tenA samaya I. sa. pU. 226 thI 189 sudhIne che ) sAthe rAkhavIzuM, te turata samajI zakAze ke minenDarane samakAlIna helIkalsa tA zuM, paNa helIekasana pitA yukreTAiDajha paNa kadAca puSyamitranA samaye haiyAta nahIM haiAya; paNa yukre TAIDajhanA pUrvanA bhAdazAha ane svAmI DimeaisanuM rAja-vAmitva pravartI rahyuM hatuM.. matalaba ke puSpamitranA maraNu bAda lagabhaga cALIsa varSe minenDaranuM hiMdamAM rAjya calAvavAnuM pU. 175 pachI turatamAM ja DimeTrIasanI chaganalIlAne vAstavika rIte aMta AvI gayA hatA. ( Ind. His. As the career of came to an end Quart. V. P. 404 ) Demetrius practically soon after B. C. 175. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pArache. ] thayuM hatuM. te pachI bannene samaghAlInapaNuM thayAnuM dhruvI rIte svIkArI zakAya ? A badhA varNa nathI vAcakane khAtrI thai haze ke, vidvAnAnA je atyArasudhInI mAnyatA cAlI AvI che ke, rAjA puSyamitranA samakAlIna tarIke khAravela cakravartI, AMdhrapati zrImukha, magadhauta bRhaspatimitra ane yavana saradAra cirainDarAdire hatA. te mAnyatA have taddana khATI Thare che. IM. hikA.pu. 1, pR. 394 mAM paNa A pramANenA ja udgAra ApaNe vAMcIe chIe. 3 zuMgavazanA lagabhaga sa lekhA ( mAtra eka ja apavAdarUpa che. juo eca. rAya caudharInu peAlI. hisTarI pR. 199-201 ) evA ja matanA che ke khAravela ane puSyamitra sahasamayI hatA. mesarsa repsana, jayasvAla ane sTena kAnA jevA vidvAno, jemaNe khAravela ane puSyamitrane rAmakAlIna tarIke lekha vyA che, temanI dalIlo bahu bArIkAithI tapAsatA yogya che. ( aTale mi, caudharAM judA paDe che kharA, SNu pAtAne hajI sAvasA khAtrI thaI nathI. ) Most of the writers (A notable -xceptiou is H. Roy. Chaudhari Pol. His. p. 199-201 ) on the Sunga period are of opinion that Kharvela ras a contemporary to Fushyanitru; the arguments of scholars like messrs (22) a. hiM. iM. (trIjI AvRtti) pR. 214 puSyana mitranA azvamedhanuM varNAna karatAM patajIe je zabdo vAparyAM che, tenI sAthe sAthe ( teNe ja lakhelAM ) bIjA satya hakIkata darzAvatAM vAge jo vAMcIe te nisa Mdehu mAlUma paDe che ke, jene yavana AkramaNakAra ane rAja minenDara mAnI lIdho che, te ane A taiyANI (eTale pAjI mA banne rAMkAne cehatA, (eTa ke pata'jaDI ane minenDara bane samakAlIna hatA, ) E. I. I. 3rd Edi. P. 214 (the vyaktiA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 1 Rapson, Jayaswal, and Stenkonow, who recognize Kharvela as a contem porary to Pushyamitra demand " careful scrutiny, '" khIjuM' kAi ema paNa dalIla uThAve ke tame uparanI sarva vyaktionI je tArIkhA batAvA che te sAcI ja che tenI khAtrI zI ? to temane jaNAvavAnuM ke, (1) eka tA gaNitazAstra pramANe je AMkaDA Ave te ha MmezA zilAlekho ane sikkAnA purAvAnI mAka, kharA ja hoya che. kAi ema na ja kahI razake ke eka vyakti je 100 nI sAlamAM vidya mAna hoya, te bI je vyakti 100 nI sAlamAM vidyamAna hAya tenA samakAlInapaNe hei na ja zake. mAtra eTaluM ja tArAvAnuM rahe, ke baMne vyaktinI sAla 100 je kahevAmAM Ave che te satya che ke nahIM? ( 2 ) ane khIjuM jyAre A sarve vyaktibenI tArIkha ApaNe kaTake kaTake ne chUTI chavAI gIte na bhAvatAM samayanA anukramamAM ja ane zRMkhalAbaddha temaja AgalApAchalA aitihAsika purAvA ane pramANA ApIne pUravAra karI batAvIe chIe, tyAre te tavArIkhA na svIkAravAnu kAMi prayeAjana rahe che kharUM? athavA asvIkAya hAya teA tenI virUddha mata darzAvanArA tamArA muddA rajU kare. AkhI vAtanA sArAMza e che ke, ApaNe je tArIkhA words of Patanajali in which he abides to the horse-sacrifice of Pushymitra when read with other relevant passages, Permit of no doubt, that the gramnarial was the contemporary of that king, as well as of the Greek invader presumed to be Menauder. (13) A nibaMdhanA lekhaka zrI.rAmaprasAda cadAja che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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kara A cAra vyaktionA samayane mATe TharAvI che, te aTaLa ane acUka temaja aDaga che; ane tethI bedhaDaka rIte kahI paNa zakIe chIe ke ( 1 ) khAravela cakravartI ( 2 ) bRhaspatimitra24 ane ( 3 ) zrImukha te traNa samasamI hatA. tema A traNe nAmeAnA ullekha spaSTapaNe hAthIgukAnA lekhamAM karelA che ja. paNa puSyamitra ane minenDarane samaya taddana nirALA hAI, te nathI eka bInanA paNa samakAlIna, ke nathI uparanA traNamAMnA koInA paNa samakAlIna pa pata jalI ane mahAbhASyanA kartA. pataMjalIne keTalAka pUrva hiMdanA-bhagALa taraphanA ( gAnArDa dezanA ) vatA mAne che. 6. jyAre keTalAka uttara hiMdanA-odha prAMta taraphanA vatanI mAne27 ; paNa je A gAnA dezane hAlanA kAzmira rAjye mAnavAmAM Ave raOM / tene kAzmiranA vatanI paNa mAnI zakAya. jema itihAsamAM pUrve varNavelI eka vidvAna tripuTI-pANini, cANakya ane vararucinI tripuTI-gAMdhAradezanI vatanI hovAnuM 29 gaNAya che tema; A pramANe bhale game te deza pataMjalInu vatana hAya, paNa eTaluM te pata jalI mahAzaya ane puSyamitra (24-25) puSpamitranu` teA nAma ja kayAMye hAthIguphAmAM lIdhuM nathI, paNa vidvAnene kAI bRhaspatimitra nAmanI vyakti ItihAsamAM thaI gayAnuM jaDayuM nathI eTale keTalIka aTakaLo ane artho khesArIne bRhaspati. mitranuM khInnu nAma puSyamitra hatuM ema TharAvI dIdhuM che, A badhAM tarka ane dalIlo kevI rIte avinAnAM che te ApaNe pu. 1 mAM pR. 154 thI 161 sudhImAM bAvI ApyuM che te jIA, (26) J'laujuli, a conteuiporary of Menander ( A hakIkata asaMbhavita che ema ApaNe upara neI gayA chIe) and Pushyamitra, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dvitIya cokkasa thAya che ja ke tenuM mULa vatana aMtimAM tA nahAtu ja; ke jyAMthI te vikhyAtIne pAmatA thayA che. ( uparanI tripuTInA kesamAM paNa temanuM vikhyAtinuM sthAna, temanA janmanA vatanane badala magadharAjya banyuM hatuM). paNa eka vAta atra noMdhavA jevI che ke prakhyAta sAhityakAra vAkapatirAja je30 I. sa.nI AdamI sadImAM gvAlIyarapati yazeAdhamananA samakAlIna tathA Azrita hatA, te potAnA gauDavaDA (pravezanA rAjAnA vaSaeNnu varNana karatuM pustaka) nAmaka pustakamAM peAtAne lakSaNAvita nagarInA vatanI darzAve che. te lakSaNAvita nagarI gauDadezanu pAyatakhta hatuM ane tene pradeza dakSiNApathamAM gadAvarI nadInA mULanI AsapAsaneA mulaka hAya ema tenA varNana uparathI jaNAya che. jyAre AgaLa jatAM je varNana Ave che temAM krama jANe majakura yazeAdharmanane ane baMgALanA pU bhAganA gauDarAjA dha pALane yuddhamAM utaravu paDayuM hoya ema paNa mAlUma paDe che. matala e nIkaLe che ke, te samaye gauDanAme khe pradeza-rAjyahatA; eka pUrva baMgALamAM ane AjI` dakSiNApathamAM geAdAvarI nadInA mULa pAse. ane patalI mahAzayane gauDanA vatanI tarIke paNa oLa He was a native of Gonarda in Eastern India (Chronology of India by Duffe P. 17). (27) Patanjali a native of Oudh ( R. A. S. 1877, P. 211) ( 28 ) jIe pu. 1, pR. 356: pu. 2, pR. 177. (29) ne ke A kathanamAM keTalIka anya vigata pAchaLathI maLI AvavAthI meM ja sudhAro karI vALyo che. ( tuA pu. 1. pR. 157) (30) jenI kAMika hakIkata pu. 4 nA aMte ApelI che te jIe, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda] puSyamitranAM jIvana khAvAya che. jo A badhI hakIkatamAM kAMI paNa kAMI paNa saMkeca vinA ApaNe I. sa. pU. satyAMza hoya, to temanA vatana mATe upara batAvI 270thI I.sa. pU.180-90 varSane harAvI zakIe. gayA pramANe, pUrva ane uttara hiMdanI mAphaka, tenuM vatana mArI gaNatrIthI upara jaNAvI dakSiNa hiMda paNa dAvo karI zake che, ane gayA pramANe, dakSiNApathamAM godAvarI nadInA mAruM anumAna dakSiNa hiMda mATe vadhAre DhaLatuM mULa pAsene pradeza, ke jene te veLAe gevaradhanajAya che; kAraNa ke te vakhatanA dakSiNApathane samaya athavA jene artha vartamAnakALe prAMta svAmI, zAtakaraNa bIjAe je azvamedha yajJa kahI zakAya che-kahetA tyAM tha hato. janma karyo che, tenA upadezaka-praNetA paNa A pad- paNa brAhmaNakuLa haze; ane temAM vaLI gavaradhanajalI mahAzaya ja hoya ema saMbhava che. (te mATe samaya jevo pradeza ane nAzika-yaMbaka jevA juo pu. 4mAM pradezanuM varNana). ane jayAre pArvatIya mulakanuM vAtAvaraNa, eTale vaidika te zAtakaraNanuM maraNa thatAM tenA vaMzajemAM abhyAsamAM sArI rIte pravINa thaI javAnI temane kuLadharma pAchA grahaNa karAye, tyAre te taka maLI hatI. tevAmAM paiThaNavAsI AMdhrapati avaMtimAM AvI puSyamitranA rAjyAzraya nIce zAtakaraNa bIje ke je AkhA dakSiNa hiMdamAM rahI, azvameghanA AraMbhane upadeza karavA maMDyA sArvabhauma jevo thaI paDyo hato, tenA taraphathI hatA. tenA pariNAme rAjA puSyamitre paNa di rAjakIya-dharmapracAranI preraNA maLavAthI, te samaya azvamedha karyA hatA. ekadama bahAra AvI jhaLakI UThayA hatA ane temano samaya pAzcAtya vidvAnoe I. sa. pU. vaidika dharmAnusAra ekAda azvamedha yajJa paNa 150-140 lagabhaga karAvyo che tema eka temanA ja netRtva paNAmAM dakSiNa deze AMdhrapati jena graMthamAM tene samaya I.sa. pU. 175 na pAse karAvAya hate. batAvAya che. paNa kharI rIte tene samaya te A samaya pUrve-dazeka varSa pUrve-sakala AMdhrapati zAtakaraNI bIjAnA 33 (jene samaya hiMdanA sArvabhauma jainadharma samrATa mahArAjA i. sa. pU. 281 thI 225-6=56 varSa che ) priyadarzinanuM svargagamana thaI gayuM hatuM ane tema ja zuMgavaMzI puSyamitra(jeno samaya i. sa. tenI gAdI upara je tene yuvarAja vRSabhasena pU. 204 thI 188-16 varSane che )nA sama- birAjavAne bhAgyazALI thayo hato te svabhAve kAlIna paNe vidyamAna hAI sahIsalAmatIthI ane kAMIka tAmasI hato ja; temAM aphagAnistAna, (31) a. hi. che. trIjI AvRtti pR. 214 " pataMjalIna samaya medhama rIte I. sa. 1. 150-00 nakkI thayuM che The date of Patangali is fixed to B.C. 150-140 iu round uumbers. je. e. se. (1877) pR. 208 upara tene samaya nIce pramANe jaNAvyuM che. pra. vebara I.sa.pU. 160; che. gelDahukAra i. sa. pU. 10-20; ane pro. bhAMDArakara i. sa. . 144-142. (32) jue, jena sAhitya saMzodhaka 5. 3, khaMDa , pR. 373. (33) juo AgaLa u5ra AMdhavaMzanA vane. (34) jue rAja nahapANane lagatA nAzikanA zilAle. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pataMjalI ane [ dvitIya zistAna ane tenA samIpanA pradezamAM ja jIva- nanI yuvAnIne kALa vitADelo hovAthI, ThaMDAM pradezavALAmAM lohIne je ukaLATa-garamI ane bhAvika rIte rahyA kare che, tenuM vahana umerAyuM hatuM. eTale vizeSa jalada prakRtivALo banyA hate. tevA purUSane sArvabhaumatva jevI sattA maLavAthI ekadama dharmajhanUna AvI gayuM hatuM. jenA kAraNe prajA upara rAjadaMDa pheravI, sarvane svadharmI banAvavA maMDI paDayo hate. je kArya zAtakaraNI bIje ke je tenA jevo ja prabhAva zAlI paNa anya dharma-pracAra abhilASI, temaja sattA samAna hatuM, tene kAMTA samAna kaThatuM hatuM. eTale eka bAjU uttara hiMdamAM mauryavaMzIne dharmajhanUnI keraDo pharavA mAMDyuM, tema bIjI bAjU dakSiNamAM AMdhavaMzano dharmajhanUnI karaDe karavA mAMDyA. be dizAnA A pramANenA dhamapracAranA yuddhamAM, dakSiNavALA netAne vijaya thaye. kAraNa ke tenI sattAmAM pradeza bahu ja vistAra- vaMta hato; pariNAme jyAre AMdhrapati zAtakaraNa bIjo avaMti upara caDI AvyA, tyAre vRSabhasenanI hAra thaI ane laDAImAM marAyo; ane chevaTe avaMti upara AMdhrapatinI rAjyasattA sthapAI (ma. saM. 301 I. sa. pU. rara6) eTale AMdhrapati zAtakaraNae vijetA tarIke vijaya prAptinA ullAmAM ane mahe sava nimitta avaMtinI rAjanagarI vidizAmAM pitAnA rAjapurohita pata jalInA upadezathI temaja tenI IcchAne mAna ApI, moTo azvamedha yajJa karyo hato. tenuM kharca te rAjanagaranI sArI vastI pAsethI meLavyuM hatuM ane te banAva yAdagAra banI rahe te mATe teno smaraNataMbha paNa kotarAvyo hato. pachI puSyamitrane sainya patinA ane mahAamAtyanA pade nImyo hato. tathA svargastha mauryavaMzI samrATanA vaMzajane gAdI upara besArI, pitAne Azrita banAvyo kabUlarAvyo hata8; kema jANe pitAne thaela apamAnane badalo-vera vALavAno prayatna sevI rahyo hoya (zuM apamAna thayuM hatuM te mATe AMbavaMzanA vRttAMtamAM zAtakaraNa bIjanuM varNana vAMco ) tema nAmanA rAjA tarIke cAlu rakhAvI pitAnA pradeza tarapha pAcho vaLyuM hatuM. jyAM bahu TuMka mudatamAM ja, zAtakaraNI bIjo pAkI vRddha vaye I. sa. pU. 26 mAM maraNa pAmyA hatA. eTale nabaLA mauryavaMzI rAjAo upara puSyamitra vizeSa sattAvAna banyA hatA ane AMdhrabhutya tarIke rAjazAsana calAvavA lAgyo hato ( I. sa. pU. 226); tathA pitAne madadarUpa thaI paDe mATe teNe potAnA putra agnimitrane paNa sainyanI (35) jue uparamAM pU. 10 thI AgaLa. (36) uparamAM prathama paricchede juo. (37) jue sAMcI stupa nAme jANItA thayela zilAlekha. (38) mulaka jI ke potAnA rAjyamAM bheLavI le, te siddhAMta te samaye pracalita hete. (sara. khA pu. 1, pR. 374 rAja zreNikanI rAjanIti ). (39) pAchaLathI sodhana dvArA jaNAyuM che ke tene nahI paNa tenA bApane mahAramAM priyadarine harAvyo hato te vera hatuM nahIM ke pitAne teNe harAvyo hato. juo sudarzana taLAvanI prazastivALe bhAga jene rUdradamananA lekha tarIke gaNI kaDhAye che; paNa kharI rIte te priyadarzinano che (jenI , 5. 393-7 mAM karI batAvI che). (40) dekhItI rIte maryAvaMzane bhaya ho; jyAre aMdarakhAnethI AMdhapatinI sattAne bhaya hate. game tema paNa te koI sattAne bhUtya hate ja ane

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5 paricacheda ] puSyamitranAM jIvana nekarImAM joDI dIdho hato ema samajAya che. te prathA cAlI rahI hatI, kemake tyAM te nabaLA bIjI bAju, zatakaraNa AMdhrapatinuM mauryavaMzI rAjAone amala hato ane kharI mRtyu thatAM tenI gAdIe je rAjAo AvavA sattA te vaidika dharmanA rageraga aMdhabhakti dharAmAMDyA, te paNa pitAnA pUrvajanA pagale cAlI vatA puSamitranI ja hatI. temAM upara pramANe dharmanA pracAra mATe pitAnI sattAne daMDa-bApu pataMjalI mahAzayanI hAjarIthI ane preraNAthI prajA upara pheravavAnuM cAlu rAkhe gayA hatA. vArisiMcana maLavA mAMDayuM. eTale madha hidamAM eTale ke, avaMtimAM vedadharmI puSyamitrane have prajAne khaLabhaLATa dekhI pazcima hiMdamAMthI chaDecoka rAjyaamala cAlu hato. tema dakSi- paradezI lokonA ToLeToLAM UtaravA maMDI paDavAM NamAM paNa zAtavAhana-zatavahana vaMzane dharmadara- lAgyAM (jene itihAsa ApaNe judA ja prakaamala cAlu thayo hato. ane baMne rAjyamAM raNumAM lakhavAno che.) samaya AvatAM-rAjAnI pherabadalI thatAM, azvamedha A dharma-parivartananI kahe ke dharmajhanUnayajJanA dekhAva thayA ja karatA hatA. paNa rAja- nA bahAnA taLe atyAcAra calAvavAnI kahe, sattAne julma-damananIti jyAre vadhI ja paDe ke tenI chAyAmAM rahI sattA jamAvavAnI kahe, che, tyAre kudarata kaI rIte paNa tenA upara game te nAmathI saMbaMdho paNa tevI sthiti lagaaMkuza mUke ja che. temAMye AMkhanI gAdI upara bhaga vIseka varSa sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. daramyAna je rAjAo AvavA lAgyA, temaNe prajAne paradezIonAM AkramaNanuM baLa pazcimamAMthI para roSa joyo ke turata ja keTalAke potAnI rAjanIti josathI je deDI AvatuM hatuM ke, amAtya puSpabadalI nAMkhI. ane zAtakaraNI bIjAnA samaya mitra ane sanyapati agnimitrathI asala thaI pahelAne je dharma yA AvatuM hatuM te punaH paDavA mAMDayuM. maurya sAmrAjyane je mahAna prahaNa karyo. eTale pataMjalI mahAzayane dakSiNa viratAra samrATa priyadarzina potAnA maraNa samaye deza choDI avaMtimAM thANuM jamAvavAnI icchA mUkI gayo hato temAM hiMdanI bahArane sarve mulAka thaI AvI-kahe ke tyAM AvavAnuM AmaMtraNa te kayArane gumAvI naMkhAyo hato ja, paNa maLyuM. vaLI keTalAka AMdhapatie prajAne icchA- uttara hiMdamAM paNa baLavA jevI ja sthiti pUrvaka dharma pALavAnI chUTa ApI jethI prajAnA pravartI rahI hatI. ane eka pachI eka prAMta mana kAMIka zAMta thayA ane pariNAme rAjasattA tenI sattAmAMthI khasI jatA paDatA dekhAtA hatA. paNa sthira thavA pAmI. paNa uttaramAM te, te ne te eTale sudhI ke avaMtipatinI hada pAtra tethI tene itihAsakAre e "zuMbabhratya" tarIke biMsAranA mRtyu thayA hatA; paNa A badhA vaMzanAM oLakhAve che. marya-bhUtya kahe ke AMdhrabhRtya kahe nAma ane kRtya zabda temanI sAthe neDavAnuM mana te kaThina kArya lAgavAthI, zugabharyA zabda ja vejI lAgavAthI te saMbaMdhamAM itihAsakAroe " AMdhabhraya" kADha lAge che. (juo pR. 49. TI. naM. 5,) jevI rIte zabda che ho ane pUrvanA itihAsakAronA te AMkavarI rAjao cedipati cakravatI khAravelanA prathama pagalAnuM anukaraNa karI, puSamitranA samayanA itibhraya jevA hatA. pachIthI magadhapati nAga-naMdavaMzanAM hAsakAroe tene "zaMgabhUtya" nAma ApyuM lAge che, tya thayA ane pachI maryAvaMzI caMdragupta ane Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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. - pataMjalI ane [ dvitIya nAmanI jaI rahI hatI. eTale lazkaranI sajA- dharmaci asthira dekhavAthI tathA dharmapracAra mATenI vaTa ane nirIkSaNa karavAnA nimitte meTI rAjanItimAM pheraphAra najare paDavAthI, temaja lazakarI kavAyatane prasaMga goThavyo ane pite bIjI bAjU avaMtimAM puSyamitra ane agni tathA tatrabhavAna mirya samrATa bahAratha azvArUDha mitranuM jora phaTamaphATA dekhAtuM javAthI, pitAne banI banne jaNa lazkarI kavAyata nihALavA badhe samaya avaMtimAM rahIne ja gALavAnuM nIkaLyA. A samayane lAbha laI itihAsa- paM. pataMjalIne mana thayA karatuM hatuM. temAM have kAronA kahevA pramANe puSyamitre 4ra pitAnA te puSyamitra ane agnimitra rAjapade AvyA svAminuM khUna karI pote rAjA 4 bane tyArathI hatA. eTale temane pitAne pAse pheMkavAne vizeSa eTale I. sa. pU 204 (ma 323) thI rAjA prasaMga hAtha lAgyo hato. temAM AmaMtraNa maLyuM puSyamitrane vaMza zuMgabhUtya kaLAne zugavaMza eTale temaNe avaMtimAM ao nAkhe; ane rAjA kahevAvA lAge. agnimitra rAjagAdI upara kAMIka svastha thaye ke jyAM sudhI zAtakaraNI bIjo vidyamAna tenA rAjyanI cirasthiratA mATe prathama hato (ma. , 01-i. sa. pU ra26 ) tyAM azvamedha yajJa AraMbhAvI devarAvyuM. A mATenI sudhI te 5. pataMjalIne avaMtimAM (I. sa. khAtrI e uparathI thAya che ke, pataMjalI, pU. ra28 thI 225 sudhI ) temaja paThaNamAM mahAzaye je be azvamedha ya zuMgavaMzI rAjAnA ( i. sa. pu. 23 thI 225 sudhI ) bane Azraya taLe karAvyA che, temAMnA prathama yajJa samaye ThekANe pitAne prabhAva jamAvavAnuM kSetra khulluM ja puSyamitrane uddezIne temaNe mAccAra paDyuM hatuM ja; paNa eka bAjU dakSiNamAM karela dekhAya che. paNa samrATa agnimitra anya zAtakaraNInA mRtyuthI ane tenA vaMzajonI sthAnake hovAthI tenA samAcAra tene tyAM AgaLa (41) c. H. I. P. 56. It seems how ever certain that the Sungas succeeded to a realiu already greatly diminished ( We have no trustworthy guide for the period of to decline )-ke. hi. i. pR. 516 " chatAM eTaluM cokasa che ja ke, je rAjyanI hada tamAranI che. bhArI ochI thaI gaI hatI tevA rAjanI zugavaMzIne prApti thaI hatI te rAjyanI hatI kema thaI hatI tenI vizvasanIya koI mAhitI ApaNane nathI. ) (42) mArI gaNatrI ema che ke khUna karanAra puSya mitra nahI paNa agnimitra hatA, ane te mATe amuka aMketa goThavI rAkhyo haze ( juo AgaLa kirAjanuM vRttata, ). (43) a. hi, i. trIjI AvRtti pR. 98. sI. naM1-bANuM kavinA kathananA AdhAra purANanI hakIkatane samarthana maLe che ema jaNAvI mi. smitha lakhe che ke, and reviewing the whole army under the pretext of slowing him his forces, the base born anarya general Pushyamitra crushed his master Brlhadrath, the Maurya = ane tene pitAnuM lazkara dekhADavAnuM nimitta darzAvI anArya (tenA artha mATe nIce juo) puSyamitre petAnA rAmI mairyavaMzI bRhadaratha rAjAne mArI nAMkhe ( ja. be che, je. e. se. 1928 pR. 45 jaNAvyuM che ke teNe potAnA rAjAne mArI nAMkhyo hato, tethI ja nirNasAgara presamAM 1986 mAM chapAyelI harSacaritramAM kAryo kahyo che) vaLI nIcenI TIkA naM. 4 thI 46 jue. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] puSyamitranA jIvana Ge paNa mokalAvyA che. (kAraNa ke, kharI rIte agni- mitranuM ja rAjya hatuM, eTale tene samrATa tarIke te khabara ApavA ja joIe. tema puSyamitra haiyAta hato ja; bhale vAnaprastha dazAmAM hata-eTale tenuM gaurava paNa sAcavavuM joIe. te hetuthI tene ja udezIne maMtroccAra karAya che.) jyAre bIjo yajJa je karAya che, tenI ane pahelAnI vacce keTalAMka varSane gALo naMkhAya cheke je samaye puSyamitranI haiyAti na hovAthI ane samrATa agnimitrane pitAnuM sArvabhaumatva jAhera karavAnI AvazyakatA lAgavAthI, teNe pote ja bIjo yajJa AraMbhAvyo hato. ane tene Take e vAtathI maLe che ke A dvitIya yajJasamaye pataMjalI mahAzaye ghaNuM karIne puSyamitranuM nAma paNa nathI lIdhuM. tema cAlatA AvelA rivAjane anusarIne, ( yajJa karAvanAra rAjAne yuvarAja jyAMsudhI heya, tyAMsudhI te yuvarAja ja yajJanA azvanA rakSaka tarIke dezATana kare che, ane tenA abhAve anya kauTuMbika ke vizvAsa vyakti hoya te kAma upADI lya che) yuvarAja vasumitrane ja azvarakSaka tarIke mekalyAnuM jaNAyuM che. eTale A uparathI cokkasa thAya che ke pahelo yajJa puSyamitranI haiyAtImAM paNa agnimitranA rAjye thayo hato (Azare I. sa. pU. 189 kahI zakAya); jyAre bIje puSyamitranA maraNa bAda ane agnimitranA svataMtra samrATu thayA bAda sAteka varSe eTale pitAnA rAjyAbhiSeka pachI vI. samA varSe (i. sa. pU. 101mAM) karAyo hato. jayAre kumAra-yuvarAja vasumitra te pitAnA pitAnA samrATu banyA pachI bAvIsamA varSe maraNa pAme che. eTale teNe A dvitIya yajJamAM netA tarIkeno pAThak4 bhajavelo na ja kahI zakAya; paNa te pUrve cha mahine ke eka varSe maraNa pAmelo kahevAya. A ditIya azvamedha yajJanI pUrNAhuti thayA bAda, keTalAM varSa sudhI pataMjalInuM jIvana TakI rahyuM haze tene purA maLatuM nathI, paNa te bAda turatamAM ja maraNa thayuM hoya ema anumAna karIne tenI sAla I. sa. pU. 180 TharAvI che, jethI pataMjalI mahAzayanI umara Azare 95 varSanI. gaNAvI che. - puSyamitrane janma te ucca koTinA. brAhmaNa mAbApanA peTe ja thaye dekhAya che.' eTale, mi. vinseTa smitha baMnenAM cAri sAheba ke anya saMthakAra je ratha tathA anya tene halakA kuLamAM janmelasAthe keTaleka baseborn-karIne saMbodhe aMze temanI che te yogya nathI. bAkI tulanA tene pitAnA svAmi-rAjA bRhadathanA khUnI tarIke oLakhAvI kadAca uparanuM saMbodhana lAgu pADatA hoya te te bIjI vAta kahevAya. je ke. kharI rIte khUna karanAra paNuM te pote te nathI ja, paNa jema aneka prasaMge banatuM AvyuM che ke, dareke dareka kArya svahasta ja na karatAM pitAnA keI sAgarItakArA sAdhI zakAya che, (4) A bIja yajJa AraMbha 182 mAM thaye hovAthI, vasumitre adhAmaka tarIke bhAga bhajave hatA, paNa tenA nAnApaNAmAM ja azvanI aTakAyata thaI ne pariNAme yuddha karyuM. eTale azvamedhanI pUrNA: huti te laMbAI che (lagabhaga i. sa. pU. 181 ) ane te samaye rAjA agnimitre ekalAe ja badhI vidhio karelI heya ema rAjaya che-vasumitranA abhAve. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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te benAM cAritra ( dvitIya tema kadAca AmAM dorIsaMcAra tarIke athavA kharA ja. temaja pitAnA dharmanuM gaurava vadhAravAne te mukhya saMcAlaka tarIke tene hAtha heya ane aneka prayatne temaNe sevyA hatA ema paNa tethI te kAryanA kartA tarIke tenuM nAma levAyuM jarUra kahI zakAya. vaLI te mATe pitAnI hoya ema dekhAI Ave che. eTale daraje te pUrvAvasthAmAM sAtakaraNa bIjA jevA mahAchaLakapaTa-kuzaLa te jarUra kahI zakAya che. vaLI prabhAvazALI rAjAnI madada maLI gaI hatI, ane pote jIvananI zarUAta sanyAdhikArI tarIke dakSiNa dezamAM eka yajJa karAvyo hate. tema karI hatI eTale jene ApaNe militant bIje yajJa te ja zAtakaraNI rAjA pAse nature-lazkarI tumAkhI kahIe tevA svabhA- | vidizAnagarI jItIne karAvyo hato. trIjo puSyavane te haze ja. ane teTalA pramANamAM tAmasI mitranI heyAtimAM ane ethe agnimitranA prakRtine, abhimAnI, garviSTa tathA lekhaMDI cakravartI paNa tarIkenI dAMDI pITAvavA karAvyo paMjAnI rAjanIti calAvavAno upAsaka paNa hate. AvI rIte temaNe vaidika dharmanA pracAra hovo joIe. ke je vRttine pataMjalI mahAzayanI ane prasAra mATe pitAnuM AkhuM jIvana gALyuM hiMsApUraka azvamedha yajJa karavAnA upadezathI hatuM. jema satrA priyadarzinane jaina dharmanA vArisiMcana thayuM hatuM. paNa pAchaLathI jyAre prasAra pAchaLa gAMDuM lAgyuM hatuM tevuM A pita, rAjyanA mukhya saMcAlaka tarIke nimAye pataMjalI mahAzayane potAnA dikadharma prasAhatA tyAre te vizeSa Tharala svabhAvane, vyava- ranI pAchaLa lAgyuM hatuM. alabatta, baMnenI hArika rItie kAma kaDhAvI levAnI vRttivALe zaktinI sarakhAmaNI ahIM karavA mATe A temaja prajAjana kema thaI zake tenI nADa vAkya nathI levAnuM-te eTale sudhI ke, puSyamitra tapAsIne kArya karanAra tarIke thayo che ane samrATa agnimitrane upadezIne maNa joIe. tema agnimitre paNa pitAnA pitAnuM sAdhuone vINI vINIne temaNe marAvI nAkhyA ja pAsu tenA sarva rAjayakarmacArI tarIkenA hatA. jo ke pAzcAtya vidvAne A zramane vyavasAyamAM seveluM hovAthI te paNa te guNa bauddhadharmI hevAnuM jaNAve che. kadAca jaina zramaNanI yukta thaI gayuM hatuM. jenA abhyAsathI tevI- sAthe bauddha zramaNe ceDA ghaNuM haze. bAkI kArakirdI samrATa ane kAryakuzaLa rAjakartA tarI- kharI rIte te te samaye bauddha dharma ja hiMdamAMthI kenI te saMpAdita karI zakyo hate. eTale ke lagabhaga adazya thaI gayo hato eTale te dharmanA puSyamitrane ApaNe jarUra eka rAjyaratna, rAjavIra zramaNe hevA saMbhava nathI. paNa jaina dharmanA ane kuzaLa rAjakarmacArI kahI zakIzuM; paNa jApa sAdhu-zramaNe te hevA joIe ema samA tarIke te nahIM ja, samajavuM rahe che. vaLI temaNe paTAvIne tema pataMjalI mahAzaya paNuM.. janma_ucca jAherAta paNa karAvI hatI ke je koI vyakti brAhmaNa hatA, tema mahAna vidyAsaMgI paNa mAtra eka ja zramaNanuM mAthuM kApI lAvaze tene (45)ne kejo rathamAM kyAMya sApunA dikarI nAkhyAnuM jaNAvAyuM nathI; bAkI kalirAjAe aneka rIte jaina sAdhune herAna karyA tathA temanI pAsethI paNa da8 tema ja AhAramAMNI bhAga paDAvyAnuM te nIme che kharuM.

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pariccheGa ] inAma tarIke dInAranA46 se| naga AmAM Avaze.47 tema priyadarzina samrATe pAtAnI prajAne ahiMsAmaya banAvavA tathA tene adhyAtaMtranA kalyANanA mArge vALavAne je je upAyA yeAnyA hatA te sarvenA rika banavAnuM ja kema naNe temaNe bIDuM jhaDapyuM na hoya, tema `diza, mUrti vigerenA nAza paNa temaNe karAvI nAMkhyA hatA. je mUrti e sUvarNamayI hatI te sarve te temaNe gaLAvI nAMkhIne tenu setu, temaja je mUrtio ratna ke mANikA athavA hIrAjaDita hatI tene bhAMgI-tADI temAMthI upajeluM saghaLuM dravya, temaNe rAjyakAmAM saMcita karAvyuM hatuM. vartamAnakALe avaMtinA pradezamAM kyAMya paNa samrAT priyadarzinakRta jaina mazi bilakula je najare paDatAM ja nathI, tenuM kAraNa paNa kadAca A uparathI vAcakane spaSTa samajAze, tema kAI dhAtu pratimA paNa mALavAmAMthI jaDI AvatI nathI tevu paNa A ja kAraNu haze. hajI pASANa pratimA maLI Ave che, tenu kAraNa e sabhave che ke temAMthI kAMi dravyaprApti48 thAya tevu' temane nahIM lAgyuM hAya. temaja te sama nI tulanA (46) lagabhaga daza rUpiyAnA eka dinAra thAya che. (47) jIA ke. hi. iM, pR. 518 ane AgaLaIn Buddhist literature Pushyamitra figures as a great prosecutor of their religion and offers a reward of 100 dinars for the head of every monk. a. hi. iM, traujI AvRtti pR. 202. uparane ja maLatu lakhANa che. vaLI vizeSamAM jaNAve che ke, Pushyamitra indulged in a savage persecution of Buddhism, burning monas teries and slaying mouks from Magadha to Jalandhar in the Punjab. Many mouks who escaped his sword are said to have Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ge yanA zrAvakAe Ave dekhItA hradayavidAraka dharma uparanA bhANu atyAcAra thatA najarezanajara nihALavAno prasaMga khALI nAMkhavAne, bhUmimAM tevI aneka pratimA bhaMDArI dIdhI hAya; paNa dravya lAvI Ape tevu bhikha-pratimA pachI te nAnI hAya ke mATI, temAMthI kAine paNa rAjyanI kuDI-dhadUSI ane dravyapipAsAbharelI STithI adRzya karI zakAya tevuM nahIM lAgyuM hAya; athavA tevA prayatna kAi sevA mAlUma paDe te tene zAre bhAre rAjyadaMDa paNa kadAca laTakatA karI devAyA haze. AvA anekavidha bhayane lIdhe tenu rakSaNu karavAnuM choDI dIdhuM ja haze. A prakAranA atyAcArA peAtAnA dharma upara thatA joine jaina sAdhue ati rAjyanI hada choDIne tenI pAsenA pradezAmAM vihAra karI gayA hatA. vaLI mahAsama jainAcAryAM je adyApi paryaMta yutheA ne yutheAmAM avaMtimAM paDyA rahetA hatA temAMnA keTalAya kapAI mUA hatA; paNa je nIkaLI chUTayA hatA te A agnimitranI rAjyanItithI trAhI trAhI pAkArI vartamAnakALe jANItA thayela fled into the territories of other rulers. bhA, prA. rAjyavaza bhAga 2, pR. 145. iM. hI. kavo. pu. 5. AMka 3 (1929 sapTeMbara) pR. 399, (48) sAMcInA ane vidizAnagarI pAsenA rUpAnA je samuha jaina dharmIonA che te AvA haDahaDatA dharmavirodhI AnanI rAjadhAnInI sAme purakIyAM karatA UbhA rahevA chatAM, AkhAda chaTakI jAya ane adyApi paryaMta abhimAnapaNe te UbhA rahe te khane ja kema ? te batAve che ke AvAM dharmAcihno naSTa karavAmAM tenA pradhAna hetu te| dravyaprAptinA ja hatA. rUpAmAMthI tA kAMI dokaDA paNa maLe tevuM nahetu' ja, te dekhItuM che, tethI ja te kinArA pAmatA bacI gayA lAge che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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cAritranI tulanA [ dvitIya pAsenA rAjapUtAnAvALA pradezamAM tema ja jaina maMdiramAM javuM nahIM. AvI mahA viSama saurASTramAM potAnuM dhAma banAvavA-pitAnI sthiti AjJAnuM pharamAna je thayuM lAge che te kadAca karavA lAgyA hatA. tathA sarvatra dharmazAMti mATe samrA agnimitra jevA sattAdhArI ane julamAM maMtra japavA maMDI paDayA hatA. mahAvIranI pATe kacchI rAjAnI rAjanItinuM tema ja pataMjalI birAjatA A samayanA AcAryazrI supratibaddhajI mahAzaya jevA kevaLa dharmajhanUnanA pavaka rAjyaane AcAryazrI susthitajIe A kAraNana purohita jevAnA dharmopadezanuM ja pariNAma hoI lIdhe ja koDivAra maMtrane japa japyo hato; zake evA anumAna upara javuM paDe che. tethI temanA gaNane "kauDinya gaNu" nuM 49 A uparathI kahI zakAze ke pataMjalI mahAupanAma maLyuM che. A prasaMganI kadAca te sAkSI zaya bhale mahAvidvAna haze, moTA vaiyAkaraNa haze rU5 haze. vaLI je keTalAka vizeSa julma samrATu chatAM pUrve vikhyAta thayela vaiyAkaraNa pANini agnimitre janadhama upara vitADyA hatA tene jevA-lokakalyANakArI bhAvanAvALA te temane khyAla rAjA kalkinuM vRtAMta vAMcavAthI vAcaka na ja kahI zakAya tema bhale temane ApaNe rAjya vargane tAdasya samajAze, eTale atre to eTaluM ja purohita tarIke oLakhI zakIe, paNa mahAkahIne ApaNe viramIzuM ke, eka pelI je grAmya samartha rAjyapUrohita cANakayanI tulanAmAM temane ukata vidikadharmavALA taraphathI pracalita thaI gaI eka rAjanItina to nahIM ja kahI zakIe. paNa che ke, rastAmAM cAlyA jatAM ApaNane kadAca je kevaLa dharmabhAvanAnA kATalAMthI parIkSAnuM sAmethI gAMDItura hAthI Avate dekhAte hoya pramANa ke mApa kADhavAnuM TharAvavAmAM Ave te ane rastAnI saMkaDAza hevAthI nAzI chUTavAnuM jarUra kahevuM paDaze ke samrATa priyadarzinanI bane tema paNa na hoya, eTale ke maraNubhaya rAjanItinA raMga ApaNane megala samrATa paNa taddana najIka AvI paDela dekhAte heya, chatAM akabaranI dharmasahiSNutAnI yAda devaDAve che; te samaye je najIkamAM kaI jaina maMdira hoya jyAre pataMjalI mahAzayanA netRtva nIce samrATa ane temAM praveza karavAthI jIvanI rakSA thaI zake agnimitranI nIti te dharmajhanUnI mogala samrATa tema hoya te paNa " 7 hetu nirmAvire " auraMgajhebanuM ja bhAna karAve che (49) "koDina " "keTina " zabda haze paNa apabhraMza thatAM "Dinya" vaparAzamAM AvyuM dekhAya che. bIjuM kaTIna'-gotranA A AcAryo hovAnuM jaNAve che tema na hovuM joIe. kAraNa ke tra' te hamezAM janmathI ja amuka hoya che ane tema gaNAya che, jyAre gaNata, jiMdagInA jIvanamAM koI banAva pachI lAgu paDe che. eTale kaDina ke keTina te gaNusUcaka zabda ho joIe paNa zetrasUcaka nahI ja.

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| Tv I'T '||*ITTTT TT TT III), tRtIya pariccheda TUMka sAra-rAjA kalika saMbaMdhamAM anya pustakamAM karAyelAM ullekhanA avataraNete upara calAvele vAdavivAda ane samrATa agnimitrane ja te DarAvavAne aMte bAMdhI Apela nirNaya-agnimitra samrATa bane te pahelAMnuM tenuM jIvana-hiMdu rAjAonI thatI avanati uparathI eka sainyapati tarIke ukaLI AveluM tenuM lehI-te sthiti aTakAvavA svAmIhatyAnuM kalaMka vaherI laI teNe hAtha karelI rAjanI lagAma-rAjapade AvI mAramAra karatA dhasI AvatA yavana humalAo upara mUkela aMkuza-temAM maLelI phattehane lIdhe teNe karelA prathama azvamedha yajJa-avaMtinI AsapAsa sudaDha banAveluM vAtAvaraNa tathA bIjA azvamedhanI karelI taiyArI-bIjA yajJanA azvanI yavana saradAra DimeTrIse karelI aTakAyata ane te uparathI tenI sAthe karavuM paDela yuddha-yuddhamAM yuvarAja vasumitranuM nIpajela maraNa, jethI khUda pote ja yuddha tarapha karelA prayANa-aMte DimeTrIasanuM marAvuM ane bIjA azvamedhanI pUrNAhUti-azvamedha yajJanI prathA uparathI sAmAjika zIlatAne pahoMcelI asara ane tenAM nIpajelAM kaDavAM pariNAma-zIrobhAge zuMga sAmrAjya pahoMcyAne Apela citAra-puSyamitra tathA agnimitra vize purANakAroe pitAnI zailImAM kareluM varNana, upalaka daSTie asatya lAgatAM chatAM vastutaH te sAcuM ja che, tenI samajUti sAthe rajU karelAM aneka dacha-pATaliputranuM AyuSya, eTale sthApanAthI mAMDIne tene nAza thaye tyAM sudhInI saMkSipta hakIkata-agnimitrane suye athavA sumitrane pUravAra karI Apela sagapaNa saMbaMdha- 11 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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82 (1) agnimitra-( aMtargata vasumitra) puSyamitranA maraNabAda zRgapati tarIke, ava'tinI gAdI upara, tenA putra agnimitra tenA samaya kheDA che. tenu rAjya keTalA varasa cAlyu* ane kai sAlathI kai sAla sudhI tathA tenA rAyasamaye tene tenA pitA puSyamitra taraphathI janma. rAjapade ( paNa potAnA pitAnI haiyAAta daramyAna ) svataMtra samrATkarIke ( temAM rAjA kalki tarIke pAchalAM 7 varSa) rAjA kali Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ tRtIya tathA tenA putra vasumitra taraphathI keTalA samaya sudhI madada maLatI rahI hatI te badhuM dalIla sAthe upara cI gayA chIe. eTale atre mAtra te tArIkhanA utAre ja ApIe chIe; ke jethI teTale Adhe sudhI ApaNe, temanA rAjyakALa mATe pAnAM uthalAvatAM javAnI jarUrIAta rahe nahI. ma. sa. 27 323-332 rAjA kali purANAmAM temaja jaina graMthAmAM kAeka rAjA kalkinuM vRttAMta daSTie paDe che. prathama najare, athavA jene ApaNe upalaka daSTie kahIe te dRSTie te rAjA kANu hoi zake te kalpI zakAtuM nahatuM; paNu eka jaina muni nAme kalyANavijayajI, ke je hAla vidyamAnapaNe vicare che ane jemane kAMika itihAsanA viSayane zAkha paNa che, tema vaLI jaina sAdhupaNAnI dIkSA lIdhela heAvAthI jainamatanAM darzananAM pustakA vAMcIne paricita thavAnA vizeSa prakAre ava kAza paNa rahe che, temaNe dAkhalA-dalIla sAthe batAvavA ema prayatna sevyA che ke, te rAjA kalki tetara kAi ja nahIM paNa purANAmAM vaNuM vAyalA rAjA puSyamitra ja hAi zake che: temaNe e ke puSpamitrane rAjA kaki TharAvyA che kharA, pazu tArIkhAnA Azraya ke je vizeSapaNe r ( 1 ) jIe nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAnI patrikA 329-353 I. sa. pU 260 204-188 keTalA varSa . 188-174 1 keTalI umara . 5 thI 72 14 30 varSa acUka ane sajajaDa purAvArUpa thai paDe che tevA cyAzraya, bahu lIdhe| nathI (zuM kAraNa haze te teozrI jANe ); paNa samajAya che ke, tevu' sAdhana temanI pAse te samaye nahIM hoya. eTale mAtra Anusa`gika prastAvA ane vRttAMteA je adyaparyaMta prApta thaI zake che, tenA AdhArathI ja temane satAtha pakaDavA rahyo haze; jyAre ApaNe have, A graMthamAM AlekhAyela aneka aitihAsika prasaMgeA ane hakIkatAnI temaja te sarvenI tArIkhavAra zrRMkhalAbaddha sthitithI paricita thaI gayA chIe, tyAre sahelAithI joi zakIzuM ke, kalki nAme je vyakti vaNu vAyalI che, te rAjA puSyamitra nahIM paNu samrAT agnimitra hAvAnA vizeSa sabhava che. eTale hAla turata te ApaNe majakura munijIe, purANuMAnA tathA jaina darzananAM graMtheAnA potAnA abhyAsathI je zabdomAM varSoMna karyuM che, te zabdo asalarUpe atre utArIzuM' ane pu. 10, aMka 4, pRSTho 610 thI 631 tathA pU, 7,03, 72 thI 86 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] nuM vRttAMta 83 pachI temanA vicArathI ApaNe judA kema paDIe chIe te dalIla pUrvaka samajAvavA prayatna karIzuM. temanA zabdonA utArAo-avataraNe pR. 29-kacchika saMbaMdharmo, purANakAra isa prakAra likhate hai "jaba kaliyuga pUrA hone lagegA, taba dharma rakSaNake liye zaMbala gAma ke mukhiyA viSNuyazA brAhmaNake yahAM, bhagavAna viSNu kalki ke rUpameM avatAra leMge. kalika devadatta nAmaka teja ghaDe para savAra heke, khaDjhase duSTa aura rAjezame rahete hue saba luTerAMkA nAza karegA; je se cha hai: je adhArmika aura pAkhaMDI has te saba kakise naSTa karIe jAyege (zrImadda bhAgavata 12 skaMdha, a0 2, 5. 1030-1074). te bAda lekhaka mahAzaye, judA juda jaina graMze, jevAM ke tigAlI, kAlasaptatikA, dIpamAlA, (jinasuMdarasUrikRta), digaMbara nemIcaMdrasarinuM tiloyasAra Adi pustakamAM rAjA kalki viSe bhinnabhinna samaya darzAvyAnuM jAhera karyuM che. uparAMta (2) dharma eTale ahIM vaidika dharma kahevAne bhAvArtha che ema samajavuM ke je dharmano rAjA kalika, purANanA matathI saMrakSaka gaNAya che. (3) kalika te animitra kare to te vipazuyaza te puSyamitranuM ja nAma kahevAya, ane sanAdhi- patinA pada upara veSThita thaye te pUrvanuM che tenuM nAma hatuM ema thayuM tathA tenuM mULa vatana caMbala nAme gAma hatuM. (sarakhA tenA jIvanavRttAMte Ane lagatuM mukhya lakhANuM). Itara parANika graMthamAM maryavaMzI rAja. enI namAvaLImAM ghaNuM karIne AvA ja nAmanA rAjane ulekha karAyAnuM mane yAda Ave che, to tapAsa karavI, ne te nAma hoya to puSyamitranuM nAma ja viSNu yazA Tharaze, ane tenA putra tarIke kahika rAjA eTale agnimitranuM te birUda hatuM ema sAbita thaze. (4) grIka-cavana, zaka, badaka temaja pArthiyana vigere je paradezI prajA te samaye hiMda upara caDI AvatI hatI te sarve mATe eka ja zabda vAparyo lAge che. (5) vaidika matathI para, eTale vaidika matamAM nahIM mAnanAra, te sarve pAkhaMDI-mukhyatAe karIne jena ane baiddha. (je hoya te.) () jena dharmamAM A samaye-zAkhA prazAkhA bahu thaI paDI che tenuM kAraNa A rAja kalikane julama mukhyatve che, jene lIdhe sarve sAdhue, manamAM AvyuM tema chuTAchavAyA paDI jaIne vicAratA hatA tathA je jainAcAryonAM vRttAMte nathI maLatAM tenuM kAraNa paNa A kalli rAjane upadrava ja dekhAya che. A samaye jaina saMpradAyamAM zAkhA prazAkhA vadhI paDavAnAM kAraNa tarIke eka mANe meM tAMbara-digabara vacce paDatI kATane ADa dharI che, paNa te hakIkata have yathArtha lAgatI nathI. vizeSa vicAraNa karatAM ane tene samaya vikramanI bIjI sadImAM jaNAve che tethI te bAbatano Isaro pu. 2 mAM caMdra guptanuM varNana karatAM (juo pR. 149 naM.49) meM karyo che. te bAda vizeSa ciMtavanathI te samaya paNa pheravo paDe tema lAge che. kadAca haju AgaLa laI ja paDe ema saMbhave che. game te he, paNa jaina saMpradAyamAM zAkhAprazAkhA paDavAnI sAthe digaMbara utpattine saMbaMdha nathI ja, Arya suhasti pachI janAcAryone lagabhaga be sadI sudhIne itihAsa je taddana aMdhakAramAM che, te A zuMgavaMzI rAjaamalanuM kAraNa che; tema ja vaidika ane tApasa matanI mahattA batAvatI keTalIka kathAo jana sAhityamAM maLI Ave che te paNa A samayane lagatI ja hovA saMbhave che. rAja kalkinA dharma paratvenA julmathI jIva bacAvavA jainAcAryo Amane tema nAsatA pharatA hatA. keTalAka te herAna gatimAMthI bacavA mATe, tenA rAjyanI hada vaTAvIne pADozI rAjene jaI vasyA hatA. AvA pradeza tarIke rAja tAnA ane kSaharATa bhUmakane madhyadeza gaNI zakAya che madhyadezanI rAjadhAnI madhyamikA nagarI gaNAtI; jenuM sthAna vartamAna ajameranI pAse gaNavAmAM AvI zakAya tema che. (sarakhA gata parica TI, naM. 47,) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- - --- -- 84 kalika rAjA tRtIya upAdhyAyajI kSamAkalyANakRta dIpamAlA pustakamAMnuM yazase samRddha naMdarAja bahuta samaya taka rAja TAMcaNa lakhyuM che je nIce utArIe chIe - kara gayA hai." (juo te pustakamAM pR. 621nuM TIpaNu) mujhase A uparathI sAbita thayuM ke (1) puSyamitranA (vIra nirvANase) cArasI pacahatara (475) zAsanataLe pATaliputra AvyuM hatuM (2) mahAnaMda varSa khItane para vikramAditya nAmaka rAjA hogA. urphe navamo naMda-magadhapati-te, baLamAM rUpamAM, usake bAda [bAdane sthAne avala joIe]. dhanamAM ane yazamAM samRddha hato (3) te mahAkarIba 24 varSa ke bhItara pATalIpura nAmaka naMdanuM rAjya "bahuta samaya " lAMbA kALa sudhI nagarameM x x x caturmukhakA ( kalika-tenAM traNa cAlyuM hatuM (4) rAjA puSyamitre te senAnA nAma kAlasaptatikAmAM apAyAM che -kalika, raka, stUpa akhaMDa sthitimAM UbhelA joyela che (5) ane caturmukha) janma hegA." * tema te stUpa-TekarIo, naMdarAjAe UbhI karA tigAlI pannA (pannA nAmaka graMtha, jaina vela hatI-ApaNe nava kahI gayA chIe (juo. tAMbarI graMthanAM AgamasUtramAMnAM graMthe heI, te pu. 1, pR. 60; paNa AmAM pAMca hevAnuM pramANabhUta manAya che tenA AdhAre pR. 22 mAM TI. jaNAvAya che). AgaLa jatAM lakhe che ke "te 01 mAM lakhela che ke, "pATaliputrame 1 caturmukha stUpa khedIne temAMnuM badhuM suvarNa laI jaze." nAmakA rAjA hegA x x x pAMca stUpaku (AgaLa upara pR. 623 mAM lakhe che ke) dekheMgA xxx yahAM para bala, rUpa, dhana, aura "yahAM para (pATalIputramAM) niraMtara ghera vRSTie (7) A TAMcaNamAM, kasamAM je zabda lakhyA che te meM mUkyA che, jethI vAcaka AgaLapAchaLane saMbaMdha samajI zake, (8) vikrama saMvata ane mahAvIra saMvatanI vaccenuM aMtara-470 varSanuM che te sAbita thayelI bInA che, eTale A TAMcaNamAM je pAMca varSane phera che tene A 124 nA aMkamAM umeravA eTale 129 gaNavA paDaze jethI tene 470-124=346 athavA 475-12346 gaNavA rahe che, (9) " bAda" zabda rAkhIe to, puSyamitrane samaya vikramanI pachInI bIjI zatAbdimAM thAya. jyAre kharI rIte puSpamitra te vikramanI pUrve bIjI zatAbdimAM thayuM che, eTale "bAda" ne badale " avala= " zabda gaNave. jUnA graMthamAM AvI bhale te lahI- ee sAmAnya rIte ghaNI vakhata karI nAMkhyAnuM ApaNe nAgIe chIe.. (10) janmasthAna te game te haze, paNa badhuM vRttAMta pATaliputra nagarane lagatuM che eTale mULa lekhake bahu bArIka khyAla karyA vinA ke zekyA vinA ja " pATalIputra" lakhI nAMkhyuM dekhAya che. (11) uparamAM " kAlasaptatikA pustakamAM rAja kalikanA traNa nAmano ullekha che te sAthe sarakhAve-kaTika, rUdra ane caturmukha, (12) A naMdarAjanuM badhuM varNana mahAnaMda u navamA naMdanA varNana sAthe sarakhAve eTale te satya hevAnI khAtrI thaze. (jue pu. 1 luM. pR. 352 ane AgaLa) (13) AlU ja lakhANuM majakura patrikAmAM 5. 10 kI. ra4 mAM lakhyuM che " kalikAe pAMca rarUpa joyA jena dharmanAM graMthamAM kalikane jainamatadveSI citaryo che, teNe dravyaprAptinA lobhathI pATaliputrane khedAvI nAMkhyAnuM A uparathI dekhAya che. eTale te nagarane nAza jema vidvAnoe mAnI lIdhuM che tema Aga jevA akasmAtathI nathI thayA, paNa jANI joIne ja nAza karavAmAM Avyo dekhAya che,

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pariccheda ] nuM vRttAMta jaLapralaya henevALA hai * * * sAMvatsarika tyAMthI joI levuM.) pAraNake dina14 bhayaMkara upadrava henevAlA hai (pR. 624 ) "pADivata7 AcAya x x 4 taba satraha5 rAtadina (70 rAtri- IdrakA dhyAna dharase x x x ugnakarmI kalika ugradivasa) taka niraMtara vRSTi hogA, chANase gaMgA nIti se rAja karake, 86 varSakI umarameM aura zauNameM bADha AyegI. " (pR. 22, nirvANase 20009 vatanapara Iddhika hAthase kara3 upara A pATaliputra zaherane nAza kema mRtyu pAyegA." x x x bhAdrapada zuda 5 kara1 thaye te vizeSa spaSTapaNe varNavela che. irachakavarge dina idrake 22capaTe prahArase 84 varSAkI umara (14) eTale bhAdrapada zukalapakSanI paMcamI. jemAM paryuSaNa parva zrAvaNa vada 12 thI mAMDIne bhAdrapada zuda 4 sudhI gaNAya che ane bhAdrapada zudate saMvatsarIne divasa gaNAya che. tenuM pAraNuM eTale bhAdrapada zuda 5 samajavI. AgaLanuM TI. naM. 21 juo. (15) muLa graMthakArane udeza kadAca sasarasAta, rAtridivasa sudhI vRSTi thavAnuM kahevAne paNa heya. (16) zaiNuNa nAmanI nadI che jyAM zeNa nadI gaMgA nadIne maLe che, te saMgamasthAna upara, bane nadInI vaccenA sthaLa upara A pATaliputra vaseluM hatuM; eTale pANInuM pura caDI AvatAM, zaherane nAza thayo ema kahevAno Azaya che. uparanI TIka naM. 13 nI sAthe je vAMcIe te ema sAra upara AvavuM paDe che ke zaherane keTaloka bhAga kakie dravyalobhanA athe dhana maLavAnI umede khodAvI nAMkhyuM hatuM ane pachI devage jaLapralaya thatAM zaherane vinAza thayo he joIe. (17) "pADivata" lIAnI bhUla lAge che. te vakhatanA jainAcArya Aryasasthita ane Arya pratibaddha baMne jaNAye kAtivAra maMtra gaNyo hato tethI keDinya kahevAtA. kadAca te keDinya zabdane A pAvita zabda apabhraMza havA saMbhava che. (18) uparamAM juo pR. 55 tathA 82 : tathA juo nIcenI TI, naM. 20 mAM kalpasUtranI hakIkata, (19) u5ra pR. 83 mAM ApaNe jaNAvyuM che ke "Adi pustakamAM rAja kalika viSe bhinna bhinna samaya darzAvyAnuM jAhera karyuM che." tevI ja rIte A paNa eka tevuM ja kathana che, paNa pacatnAkAre je 124 varSa lakhyA che te vadhAre pramANabhUta gaNAya. (20) (ka. 2. su. TIkA pU. 103) nAmaka jana graMthamAM lakhyuM che ke " paNa 86 varSanA AyuSyavALA kakina nAme duSTa rAjane tuM (idrI mArIza ane te vakhate, be hajAra varSo vItyAbAda mArA janmanakSatrathI bhasmagraha utarI jaze. (AmAM " te vakhata" ne badale "te bAda '' zabda kahevAne tAtparya hoya ema lAge che) eTale ke kakinanA maraNa pachI be hajAra varSe, mahAvIranA janmanakSatramAM je bhasmagraha paDayo che tenI sattA utarI jaze. matalaba ke te samaya pachI jaina dharma uparathI karaDI najara ochI thavA mAMDaze. je te satya ja hoya te ma. sa. 346ra000= 2346 vIra saMvata eTale 2346-52=I. sa. 1819 Ave ane te sAlamAM rANI vikaTerIyAne janma thayo che. teNIe hiMdanI prajAjoge ema saMdeza bahAra pADayuM hatuM ke "koIne paNa pitAne dharma pALavAmAM rAjya taraphathI ke kedanI aTakAyata karavAmAM Avaze nahIM." ne te pramANe sAcuM kare che te samayathI bhasmagRha utarI game ema kahevAya. divyAvadAna a, 29 ne AdhAra ApIne che. hi. kavai. pu. 5 nA pR. 398 mAM jaNAveluM che ke " But ultimately Pushyamitra (jema badhAe agnimitrane badale puSyamitra lakhe che tema A kathana paNa samajavuM-juo uparanI TI. naM. 3) was killed by a yaksha named Krimisena, who vowed to protect the religion of Buddha (matalaba ke rAna kalki pitAnA naisargika mote maryo nathI ema graMthanuM paNa mAnavuM thayuM che.) (21) uparanI TI. 14 sarakhA. (22) sarakhA uparanI TI. 20

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kali rAjA - vatIya meM marakara kaki narakameM jAgayA." (pR. 31, para lakhe che ke, "yahI kahanA paDatA hai ki, paurANika kA "kakiavatAra" jenekA "kabirAja' aura bauddhakA "puSya- mitra" ye tIne eka hi vyakti ke bhinna bhinna nAma hai" ATaluM lakhI, lekhaka mahAzaye kalkiI zabdanI utpatti vize potAnuM maMtavya jaNAvyuM che ke, rAjA kalkinuM vAhana (kadAca azvamedha yajJane ghaDe kahevAno Azaya paNa heya ) gheDe je hatA te veta raMgane 3 " " saMbhave che, ane # upara svArI karanAra te ja, tenA uparathI saMskRta "ji" apabhraMza thaI gaye eTale puSyamitranuM bIjuM nAma che " kalki " thayuM samajavuM-4 x x " kalkika samayameM mathurAme baLadeva aura kRSNake maMdira 14 TUTakA " tigAlI" ullekha milatA hai." A pramANe lekhaka mahAzaye je lakhANanA phakarAo TAMkI batAvyA che te sarve zrI bhAgavata purANanA varNana tathA jaina graMthonA varNana sAthe saMmata pUravAra thayela che. eTale te phakarAo ane tene lagatI TIppaNanI neTe sarvene je samagra rIte grahaNa karI tenuM dahana karavAmAM Ave, te nIce pramANe niSkarSa ApaNe meLavI zakIe chIe ke (1) rAjA kalki vaidika dharmane (23) purANakAra A vize kAMI bole che ke kema ? te tapAsavuM joIe. (24) madhurA te jaina dharmanuM prAcIna samaye eka mahAtIrtha hatuM; kaMkAlItilA nagarInI TekarI khodatAM je prAcIna mUrtio nIkaLI AvI che te uparathI purAtavizAradoe A matane Teko Apyo che. madhurA stUpanA daravAjAne paNa jainane hevAnuM teoe jaNAvyuM che tema jaina graMthamAM paNa, pArzvanAthanA samaye mathurAmAM suvaNane banAvela devastupa Ubho karavAmAM AvyAnuM varNana che. je svapa kALe karIne pachI iMTano banAvAya hatuM. A badhuM jotAM majakura ratUpane uddezIne ja atra varNana karAyeluM che: ahIM kRSNamaMdira je lakhyuM che ke, jema hAlanI daSTie kRSNane vaiSNavadharmI hevAnuM mAnavAmAM Ave che te najare na lakhatAM asala pramANe gaNavAnuM che. jenA dhama kRSNane temanA pitrAI (sagA kAkAnA dIkarA). bhAI neminAtha(jananA bAvIzamA tIrthakara )nI peThe jainadharmo hevAnuM mAne che, te te gaNanAe A kRNamadira te jaina maMdira ja kahevAya, vizeSa adhikAra AgaLa upara mathurA nagarInA pariziSTa juo. bIjuM kalDi rana, pite ja vedika heIne tene kRSNamaMdira vaiSNava saMpradAyanuM hoya te) kalkinA hAthe tUTavAne saMbhava ja nathI ane e vAta te siddha thaI che ke ( upara juo TI. naM. 2) rAja kalki te vedika dhamano mahAna saMrakSaka hatuM eTale sAbita thAya che ke tilyagAlI graMthanuM lakhANa satya che ane kRSNamaMdira te eka jaina maMdira ja che? kRSNa te vaiznava saMpradAyanA nathI lAgatA paNa jenA matanA hovA saMbhava che. hA, eTaluM kharuM ke kRNanuM bIjuM nAma viSNu hatuM (ekale viSNunA eka avatAra tarIke gaNAya che) ane tenA matane je anuyAyI te vaiSNava kahevAya. eTale kRSNanA bhaktane vaiSNava jarUra kahevAya ja: paNa tethI ema nathI karatuM ke tene tema kahIne aMbedhAya: vaiznava saMpradAya te I. sa.nA paMdaramA saikAmAM utpanna thaye gaNAya che. eTale vaiSNava kRSNane bhakta ane vaiznava zrIvallabhAcAryajInA matane anuyAyI. vaLI A be zabdo eka ja che ema karAvI zakAze nahIM. je ke vyAkaraNanA niyame "nA" ne "NuM" keTalAka saMjogomAM thaI zake che paNa te niyame "nA" nI pUrve "ra" Avo joie ja. tema "ra" ane "na"nI vacce che, u , te koI svara Ava joIe. jyAre vaiznava zabdamAM te A niyamanuM kaI rIte pAlana ja thatuM nathI eTale vaiznava zabdane vaiSNavanA samAnArthI tarIke svIkArI zakAya nahIM. ( A upara ApaNe te saMpradAyanA anuyAyIne mata jaNa jarUra upayogI thaI paDaze ) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricacheda ] nuM vRttAMta eka mahAna upAsaka ane saMrakSaka hatA. (2) rekhAcitra uparamAM ApaNe joI gayA chIe pAkhaMDI dharmane te saMhAraka hato (3) ugra tethI jaNAyuM che ke, te zuMgakarmI hovAthI teNe ghaNo manuSya saMhAra vALyo rAjA kalika te vaMzI puSyamitra ke tenA putra che. (4) pATaliputrane nAza kaho ke puSyamitra ke agnimitrane lAgu paDI zake vinAza kahe paNa tene mukhya praNetA- agnimitra ? tema che; paNa ahIM AgaLa utpAdaka-kartA te hato. (5) tenuM maraNa 86 mata bheda Ubho thayo che mATe varSanI umare thayuM che, temaja tenuM mRtyu naisargika- ApaNe tapAsavuM rahe che ke te upanAma vadhAre paNe thayuM nathI paNa devatA ke yakSane hAthe thayuM kene baMdhabesatuM thAya tema che. che. (6) rAjA kalika mahA ka bhI tathA ma. sa. 301-I. sa. pU. 226 mAM jyAre julmI hato. (7) te janme brAhmaNa hato tema zAtakaraNI bIjAe avaMti upara caDI jaI teNe oNchone harAvIne kaccaraghANa vALe che. mauryavaMzanA vRSabhasenane mArI nAMkhI tenA bhAIne A sAte nirNamAMnI ghaNIkharI bAbate tenI gAdIe besAryo tyAre puSyamitrane senAdhiAgaLanA paricchede puSyamitranA saMbaMdhamAM je pati nI hata25 te pR. 12. jaNAvI gayA varNana karI gayA chIe tenI sAthe athavA te chIe. ane puSyamitrane janma ma.saM. 251mAM tenA ane pataMjalI mahAzayanA cAritranI sara levAthI (juo pR. 54. ) te vakhate tenI khAmaNIvALA pArigrAphamAM je hakIkata AvI che umara 50 varSanI kahevAya. have jo te ja rAjA tenI sAthe tulanAtmaka dRSTithI ghaTAvIzuM, te kalki TharAvAya ane rAjA kalkinuM maraNa, jaina ekadama khAtrI thaI jaze ke je vyaktine 5. graMthanI tathA purANa graMthanI ekamati pramANe pataMjalIe upadezIne vAta karI che-pachI ma. saM. 353 nuM gaNAya che, te te hisAbe tene bhakta kahe ke mAtra ziSya kahe-te ja vyakti puSyamitranuM maraNa 12 varSanI umare thayuM kaherAjA kalki che. pachI te vyaktine rAjA puSya- vAze. te pramANe vastu hevAne svIkAra mAnamitra gaNavo ke samrATuM animitra gaNavo te vAmAM be vAMdhA Ave che (1) eka te ATalI ApaNe pUravAra karavuM rahe che, temaja mlecchone moTI umaranuM AyuSya hovAnuM eka rAjadvArI koNe harAvyA che te bInA paNa tene rAjya- jIvana gALanAra manuSyane mATe asaMbhavita che vistAravALA pArigrAphanA varNanamAM Apela hakI- ( haju taddana nizciMta jiMdagI gALanAranuM hevA kata uparathI ApaNe tAravI kADhavuM rahe che. saMbhava gaNAya ) ane (2) bIjo vadhe ke rAjA kalkinA jIvananuM je kAMIka jhAMkhuM puSyamitranuM maraNa ma. saM. 339 mAM nIpajyuM (25) A pramANe eka sthiti hovAnuM mAluma paDayuM che, jayAre bIjI sthiti ema jaNAya che ke kadAca te masaM, 301 pahelAM maryavaMzanI nokarImAM dAkhala thaI gayo hoya che kemake Satakarni saatched Avanti from Pushyamitra ema pATha nIkaLe che ane A sthiti tyAre ja bane ke zAtakaraNI caDAI laI Avyo te vakhate te sainyapatinA pade hoya teja, temaja jyAre 301 mAM zAtakaraNIe jIta meLavI tyAre tene mahAamAtya pade mUkyo hoya ane tenA putra agnimitrane tenA hAtha taLe sainyapati nimyo hoya, to ja, (sarakhA nIcenI TIkA baM, 26 ).

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kalki rAjA 88 hAvAnu upara pR. 54 mAM sAbita karI gayA chIe teA pachI te bAda cauda varSa jIvaMta rahyo hatA ema jaNAvavuM keTaluM behuduM gaNAya ? (3) trIjuM amarakoSa jevA pramANabhUta gra MthamAM agnimitrane ja samrATra gaNAvyA che, nahIM ke puSyamitrane (4) kAlidAsa jevA mahAkavie paNa agnimitranI ( nahIM ke puSyamitranI ) yazagAthA gAtuM mAlavikAgnimitra nAmaka nATaka racyuM che. A cAre anumAne| ane purAvAo khuda vaidika saMpradAyanA manAtA evA ja graMthakArAnA AdhAre ApaNe rajU karI rahyA chIe (5) uparAMta je rAjyavistAra agnimitranA rAjyanA krutA tenA nakaze joizuM' tA sahaja khyAla AvI zakaze ke tene ja kAMIka prabhAvika ane parAkramI rAjakartA haju gaNI zakAya tema che; temaja svataMtra samrATa tarIke paNa tenI ja rAjakArtinA purAvA maLI zake che ( 6 ) vaLI tene (agnimitrane) tA pitAnI haiyAtimAM ja rAjapadavI bhAgavatA nIDALIe chIe; jayAre puSyamitrane te jyAM sudhI agnimitra gAdIpati ane che tyAM sudhI mAtra zuganRtya tarIke ja dekhI rahyA chIe (7) vaLI yavana rAjAnA pratihAsa ( juo AgaLa upara temanA jIvanacaritre ) tathA temAMnI sAthe te paNa agnimitranA kALanI ja sAkSI pUre che; nahIM ke puSyamitranA kALanI ( 8 ) jo ke puSyamitra kadI gAdIe je kheThe nathI ( jue uparamAM pR. 64 thI AgaLa) ema sAbita thaI gayuM che. chatAM dalIlanI khAtara mAnA ke te gAdIpati banyA hatA ane te ja rAjA philDa che ane tenu maraNa 353 mAM nIpajatAM 102 varSanuM AyuSya paNa teNe ja bhAgaththu hatu, tA pazu pAchA vAMdhA AvI jAya che; kemake tenA khAte vadhAremAM vadhAre 78 varSanA sattA amala Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ tRtIya noMdhAyA che. temAMye 22 varSa sabhyapati zuMganRtya tarIkenAM hatAM ja; eTale teNe svataMtra rIte jo sattA bhAgavI hAya tA bAkInA seALa va sudhI ja gaNAya; ane te pachI turataja maraNa pAmyA hatA ema kahevuM paDaze. te hisAbe 102 nI umaramAMthI 16 varSa bAda karatAM, te 86 varSanI umare gAdIe beThA hatA-ema gaNAvu rahe che. have vicAra| ke ATalI umare gAdIe besIne rAkha kalki tarIke te yavanAnI sAthe laDavA jAya ane jIta meLave ane azvamedha yajJa pote kare te koi rIte buddhimAM samajAya tema che ? ( 9 ) paNa dalIlanI khAtara puSpamitrane zRMgabhRtyane badale svataMtra rAjA mAnI lyA ane azvamedha karanAra tathA yavana upara jIta meLavanAra tarIke tene-puSyamitrane adale tenA putra agnimitrane lekhA, tA tA sAbita thai gayuM ke, agnimitratA 'rAjyanA vistAra ( kemake yavana saradArane jItavAthI vizeSa nahIM te gheADAka mulakanI paNa prApti to thai hazeja ne? eTale teTalA vadhArA thatAM ) puSyamitranA karatAM vizeSa gaNavA ja paDe ane tema thayu eTale upara jaNAveluM pAMcamuM kAraNu agnimitranA pakSamAM ane puSyamitranI virUddhamAM AvIne UbhuM rahyuM gaNAya,10, je pramANe nathI banyuM ja hatAM dalIlanI khAtara bIjI rIte vicArIe. dhArA ke puSyamitra te ja kalki che, ane te kalkinuM maraNu bha. sa. 353 mAM 88 varSanI umare thayuM che, ( kAraNa ke puSyamitranuM AyuSya 88 varSanuM puravAra thayuM che ) tA teneA janma ma. sa. 265 mAM lekhavA paDaze huM bhale ApaNe ma. sa. 251 mAM pUravAra thayAnuM jaNAvyuM che chatAM ) ane eTaluM te| ItihAsa ja kahe che ke ma. sa. 301 mAM zAtakaraNI khIjAe ati upara caDI jane jIta meLavyA bAda pAtA taraphathI www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] kone kahe? 89 tyAMnI dekharekha rAkhavA tenI nImaNuka maurya- jyAre mauryasamrATanA lazkaramAM ma. saM. 298 rAjAnA vaDA senyAdhipati tarIke karI hatI Azare I. sa. pU. rara9 mAM te hisAbe te jyAre sainyapati nImA hatA tyAre samrATa joDAyo hato tyAre te laga30-65 (janma)=36 varSanI tenI umara banyA bhaga trIsa varSane hatA; ane hatI ema gaNavuM paDe. have vicAre ke jyAre pahelAnuM tyArathI ja tenuM rAjadvArI te ATalI nAnI umare, rAjA padathI turata bIje jIvana kavana zarU thayuM gaNAya. kemake naMbara gaNAya evA sainyapatinA hoddA upara tyArathI ja tene potAnA (ane te paNa svadezamAM haju nimAya te vAta pitAnA hAtha taLe rahI tAlIma levAnA saMjogo judI gaNAya, paNa ahIM to paradezI phoja che maLavA pAmyA hatA. bAkI vAstavika rIte jyAre ane temAM ya vaLI sAdhAraNa saMjogo nathI, paNa I. sa. pU. ra26 mAM puSyamitrane sanyapatinA jyAM duzmanAvaTa ane veravRttinA DuMgare DuMgarA pada uparathI te vakhatanA vijetA prapati khaDakAI rahyA che, tevA prasaMge eka ati kAbela zAtakaraNIe mukhya amAtyanA pada upara purU' tarIke nImavAnI vAta che ) nimAya tyAre nirmANa karyo, tyAre athavA tyArathI ja teNe tene sainyanI nokarImAM joDAye gaNo kayAre pitAnA pitAnA padane zobhAvavA mAMDayuM gaNI ane jeDAyA bAda paNa krame krame te vaDA sainyapa- zakAze. mULe ja pitAnA hAtha taLe jIvananI zarUtinA he Avyo haze ? ke dhabalaIne (jema Ata karI ane temAM vaLI senAdhipatine helve rAjAne rAjyAbhiSeka karavAmAM umarano bAda saMbhALa paDyo-eTale tene svabhAva, raheNI, heto ja nathI. kemake rAjya calAvavAnI javAba- karaNI, vicAre Adi sarve saMrakRtinA aMgo dArI te rAjAnA karatAM tenA pradhAnane zIre te prakAranI DhalaNa tarapha vaLavA mAMDyA. ane te mUkAyelI hoya che, te pade niyukta thaI gayo haze? ghATimAM ja tenuM zeSa jIvana ghaDAyuM tathA saMpUrNa AvA AvA aneka ane bhinna bhinna thayuM ema kahIe te paNa cAle. A pada upara muddAo upasthita karIne, judI judI rIte pote ma. saM. 316 i. sa. pU. 211 sudhI, vicAre, te ye eka ja nirNaya upara AvavuM paDe eTale ke 15 varSa sudhI cAlu rahyo; teTalAmAM che ke puSyamitra ane rAjA lika, te banne bhinna mausamrATa A samaye (ghaNuM karIne satadhanyA bhinna vyaktio ja che; ane jyAre banne athavA zAtadharmana) maraNa pAmatAM tene putra bhinna ja che, tyAre te puSyamitrane bAda karatAM, bRhadratha maurya samrATa banyo. A samaye puSyamitra agnimitra te ja rAjA kalika ema ApoApa ativRddha thaI gaye hatA eTale rAjakAraNathI sAbita thaI jAya che. te lagabhaga niHspRha thaI gayo hato, jethI tene janma . saM. 267-I. sa. pU. agnimitre sarva kAma saMbhALavA mAMDyuM hatuM. 260 mAM hatA; eTale tene pitA puSyamitra bRhadrathanuM rAjyazAsana ma. saM. 16 thI 323 sarakhAvo, (26) uparanI TIkA naM. 25 nI hakIkata sAthe 12 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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agnimitranuM [ tRtIya I. sa. pU. 211 thI 204 sudhI 7 varSa cAlyuM hatuM. atyAra sudhImAM maurya sAmrAjyano vistAra ati saMkucita thaI gayo hato kemake (1) avaMtinI rAjanItine lIdhe prajAmAM je asaMte ghaNe vadhI paDyo hate tene lIdhe heya ke pachI potAnAmAM rAjyabhanI vRttinuM jora jAmavA mAMDayuM hatuM tene lIdhe hoya; paNa bemAMthI eka kAraNane lIdhe khacita ja tema banyuM tevuM joIe. ke samrATa priyadarzinane eka putra jAlauka je kAzmirapati banI beThe hato ane jeNe 27 AkramaNa karI avaMtipa tinA ANamAMthI-maurya sAmrAjayanA adhikAra- mAMthI-hiMdane Akhe neRtya pradeza, 28 tathA uttarane mATe bhAga jene hAlamAM saMyukta prAMta ane audha kahe che te, kabaje karI lIdho hato (2) mauryavarzI zAlizukanI baMgALavALA rAjazAkhAe bihAravALA prAMta tathA pUrvabaMgALane mere bhAga paDAvI lIdhA hatA. (3) avaMtinI lagolagane pUrva bhAga, jene te samaye vidarbha kahetA hatA ane hAla madhya prAMta tathA madhya hiMdI ejaMsInAM saMsthAne kahe che te saghaLe pradeza, kadAca upara naM. 2 mAM varNavela baMgALI rAjasattA taLe ke pachI dakSiNanA aMdhrapatinI sattAmAM jaI paDaye hato (4) jyAre Akheye dakSiNa hiMda te, lagabhaga thoDAka svataMtra apavAda sivAya, zatavahanavaMzI aMdhapatine tAbe kayAraneye hate. (5) temaja saurASTra ane rAjaputAnA 29 (kadAca siMdha sahita paNa heya) je avaMtinI pazcime Avela che temAM konI sattA hatI te cekasa nathI; paNa samajAya che ke tyAM paNa sidha taraphathI utarI Avela zaka prajAe potAnuM sthAna vasAvyuM hatuM ane dhIme dhIme pagabhara thavA mAMDayuM hatuM. AvI rIte maurya sAmrAjyanI hada ati moTA pramANamAM saMkucita thaI gaI hatI. adhUrAmAM pUruM upara naM. 1 mAM varNavelA kAzmirapati rAjA jAlaukanuM maraNa te arasAmAM (eTale Azare ma. sa. 3rara I. sa. pU. ra05) nIpajyuM eTale tenI gAdIe tene putra dAmodara AvyuM. te eka te navo ja gAdIe beThe hato ane potAnA bApa jevo parAkramI na hete; eTale bekaTrIane jeo atyAra sudhI AvIne paMjAbamAM ja aTakI paDyA hatA temaNe ekadama dhasAro karyo ane pukta prAMtamAne mathurA sudhIne je pradeza jAlaukanA tAbe gaye ho te A dAmodara pAsethI jItI laI, avaMti upara caDAI laI AvavAnI taiyArI karatA dekhAyA. A pramANenI jyAM saghaLA paristhiti banI rahI hoya tyAM je vyakti moTA sAmrAjyanA manoratha sevI rahyo hoya tene manamAM bahu lAgI Ave temAM kAMI vismaya pAmavA jevuM nathI ja. temAM paNa sinyAdhipati jevA svataMtra svabhAvanA ane lazkarI tekhamanA ane (27) pu. 2 nA aMte beDalAM cAra pariziSTha mAMnuM chelluM 3 nAmanuM, rAna jalakane lagatuM pariziSTa juo, (28) a. hi. I. sa. pR. 1994-paMjobamAM mUryavaMzI chellA rajionI ke zugAnI-emAMthI koInI sattA hatI ke kema te kahevuM jarA asaMbhavita dekhAya che. E. H. I. 3rd Edi. P. 199. It is Unlikely that either the later Mauryas or the Suugas exercised any jurisdiction in the Punjab. (29) juo AgaLa upara oDhanA rAjyanI hakIkata, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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padi ] khamIra dharAvatA agnimitra jevAnu lehI tA turata ja ukaLI Ave te rRkhItu che ja. eTale lazkarI tAlImanuM nirIkSaNa karavAnA ThA tame teNe mATI lazkarI kavAyatanA prasaMga gAThavyeA ane pAte tathA samrATa bRhadya azvArta banI sAruM' ye lazkara tapAsavA nIkaLyA. te samaye lAga sAdhI teNe samrATano ghAta karI nAMkhyA.30 A banAva ma. sa. 323=4. sa. pU. 204 mAM banyA hatA. A samaye puSpamitra haiyAta teA hateA ja paNa te ativRddha (72 vanA te samaye te hatA) hovAthI teNe gAdI lIdhI nahIM. paNa tenI samatithI agnimitre poteja ava'tipati banI, rAjyanI lagAma potAnA hAthamAM lIdhI ane potAnA putra vasumitrane yuvarAja padavI ApI. ahIMthI zuMgava'zanI sthApanA thai kahevAya. teNe rAjapade AvI badhu ThIkaThAka karI, sauthI paheluM kAya e karyuM ke, rAjyanA vistAra vadhAravA tarapha potAnuM sa citta dvAravyu. eka bA peAte kAme lAgyA ane khIjI bAjU potAnA yuvarAjane saradArI soMpI lazkara sAthe vidAya karyAM. te gAdIe beThA hatA tyAre yuvarAjanI umara mAtra 20 varSanI ja hatI ane have jo ke pAMca cha varSa vItI gayAM hatAM, chatAM haju te bharayuvAna ja gajapade agnimitra pUjIvana (30) upamAM puSyamitranA vRttAMta lakhela hakItu ane atre agnimitranA vRttAMta lakhela hakIkata (jemake bRhadratha, satadhanvA vigeremAM krANu pahelA ne kANu pachI tathA tenI tArIkhA i. i.) mAM kAMIka pheraphAra paDI jAya che kharA, paNa tethI karIne itihAsanu* svarUpa badalAtuM nathI jaH mukhyasthiti kAyama jaLavAI ja rahe che, je kAMi pheraphAra mAluma paDe che te vizeSa sarodhana Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat hA kahI zakAya, tema lazkara sAthe jai yuddhakaLAmAM pravINatA batAvavAnA kAI prasaMga tene hajI maLyA nahotA. eTale caDAI lai jatAM, kadAya vyuharacanA karavAmAM ke saMgrAmanI aneka cAle cAlatAM harI; pakSa tarathI patharAtI jALamAM lAlaceAmAM ksI na paDe, mATe eka bhAmiyA tarIke-dAranAra tarIke athavA kahA ke saMrakSaka tarIke peAtAnA pitA puSyamitrane yuvarAjanI sAthe meAkalyA hatA. jyAre, potAnuM kAya prathama darajje rAjanagarI- ujjainIthI bahu dUranA pradeza sudhI na jatAM, pU dizAe Avela vidA patine namAvavAnu hatu tyAre yuvarAjane (ane peAtAnA pitA puSyamitrane) uttara-pazcima tarapha mAkalI, krAzmirapati dAmAdaranA hAthamAMthI turata tAjetaramAM ja mulaka jhuMTavI lai, tyAM TharIThAma paDelA yavana saradArazane harAvI, temanA hAthamAMthI surasena, paMcAla tathA satalaja nadInA pUrva kinArAthI mAMDIne khadhA pradezeA khAlI karAvI te pradezamAM zugapationu Adhipatya sthApavAnuM hatuM. A pramANe kAryanI vahe'caNI karavAmAM AvI hatI. temAMthI peAtAnu kAya` kevI rIte pAra pADayuM ane vidarbhe patine harAvI tenI pAsethI tenA mulakanA amuka bhAga meLavI, kevI rIte avatinI sAthe joDI devAyA tathA viMda patinI ati svarUpavatI kuMvarI mAlavikAne ( jene vadarzI 31 tarIke paNa thatAM adRzya dhaI javA vakI che. ( AMIka khulAsA karavAmAM AvyA che te mATe AgaLa juo, ) (31 ) videzanI putrI te vaidI ( sata vyAkaraNanA niyame A rA6 banyo che. viroSa dAkhalA mATe ja pu. 1 bluM. pu. 122,pu, 2, pR.174.) nA rAkhanI rANI damayatI paNa A pradezanA rAnanI putrI hAvAthI teNIne paNa vaidaLI' tarIke oLakhAvAya che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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92 agnimitra | tutIya oLakhAvAya che) potAnI rANI tarIke, taDakuba nAmAnI saratamAM kevI rIte meLavI, te sarva hakIkta ati viratArathI kavivarya kAlidAsa svaracita mAlavikAgnimitra nAmaka nATya graMthamAM Alekhela che kara A bIna ApaNu vAcakamAMnA ghaNAnA dhyAnamAM haze ja,tethI atre lakhavA jarUra rahetI nathI. paNa kahevAya che ke pelI bAjUye yuvarAja vasumitrane, dAdA puSpamitranA netRtva nIce, uttara hiMdamAM yavana saradAra sAthe eTaluM te jabaradasta yuddha karavuM paDayuM hatuM ke temAM agaNita manuSya saMkhyAne saMhAra 33 vaLI gayo hato. ane je koI yavana saradAro (kahe che ke yavana lakaranI dera- vaNa sAta saradAre 2ja karatA hatA) hAra pAmyA athavA yuddhamAMthI jIvatA rahyA te sarve nAzI chUTI, suratamAM ja gAdIe beThelA pitAnA rAjA DimeTrI ane sarva vitaka kathA kAnokAna saMbhaLAvavA TheTha bekaTrIAmAM pahoMcI gayA. (I. sa. pU. Azare 199 thI 197=ma. saM. 328 thI 330). AthI 35 karIne, yavana saradAree khAlI karela uttara-pazcima hiMdane sarva pradeza eka vAra pharIne avaMtipatinI-atyAre zuMgavaMzI rAjAonI-hakumatamAM AvI paDyo. pAzcAtya vidvAna graMthakAra mi. smithe 6 A bane jItane nIcenA eka vAkyamAM ja varNavI dIdhela mAluma paDe che. Agnimitra's youthful son Vasumitra was employed on (32) ke ha. I. pU. pa18-During thete ghaNuMye thayAM che. be moTAmAMnuM prathama I. sa. 1. first war between Vidisa and Vidarbha 197 mAM. bIjI I. sa. pU. 157 mAM. ]. the former was successful: as a result, C. . I. P. 512:-Who (Pushyamitra) Vidarbha was divided into two provinces ag is indicated in the drama called the by the Wardha river ( between Berar and Malvikagninnitra, succeeded to the C. P. at present ) vidizA ane vidarbha vaccenA struggle with the Greeks-714 au for f47 prathama yuddhamAM vidizAnI jIta thaI hatI jenA pariNAme nAme nATakamAM jaNAvyA pramANe jeNe (puSyamitre) vidarbha dezanA be bhAga paDI gayA hatA. te be bhAganI grIka sAthenA yuddhamAM vijaya meLavyuM hatuM (A vAkayanA vacce vadhu nadI AvelI che. (tene vartamAnakALanA varADa pAchalA bhAgathI samajAya che ke grI sAthe puSyamitrane ane madhya prata samajavA). yuddha karavuM paDayuM hatuM ane temAM tene vija5 tha. ke, hi. I. 5. 22-Conquered Vidarbha, hatA. ApaNe ahIM puSyamitrane vasumitranI saradArI a province under Andhra=aMbapatinI sattAmAM nIce jaMgavaMzInI phateha lakhI batAvI che.) Avela vidarbha prAMta teNe jItI lIdhe ( tyAre ema (14) buddhiprakAza pu. 75, 5. 04-" zAkabhA thayuM ke vidarbhaprAMta te aMdravaMzI rAnane tAbe hate nAme oLakhAtA paMjAbathI sAta rAjao caDI Avaze. ane mAlavikA te aMkapati rAjanI ke tenA te prAMtanA temanA zarA ddhAo yuddhamAM utaranArane kApI nAMkhIne saradAranI putrI thaI. ) temanuM lehI relI pRthvI bihAmaNI banAvaze. pachI (33) grIka ItihAsamAM A yuddhane ati dArUNa gaMgA pAsenA AkhA magajamAM khanakhAra ane bhayaMkara tarIke varNavyuM che. vAyupurANamAM paNa be moTAM yuddha saMgrAma nagaze. temAM yavana rAjAo ane temanA sainike yavane sAthe AryuvatIone laDavA paDayAnuM kahe che. puSyamitrane hAthe mAryA ja." te bemAMnuM A prathama che. (jIo buddhiprakAza pu. (35) nIcenI TI. naM. 37 jhuo. 76, pR. 78 ane AgaLa ) (36) juo. arlI hisTarI opha InDiyAnI [mArI TIkA -be moTAM sivAya bIjaM nAnAM trIjI AvRtti. 1, 2,

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paricacheda ] rAjaya active service under the orders of vijayane kArtikaLaza caDhAvavA nizcaya karyo. the King, his grandfather Pushya- vaLI agnimitre tenA dakSiNanA pADozI vidarbha mitra; who at this time must have rAjAno sthAnika laDAImAM saMpUrNa parAjaya karyo; been advanced in years, resolved jethI parAjIta rAjAne vadhI nadInI hada sudhI to crown his military success by pitAno ardhI rAjyapradeza ApI devo paDyo. substantiating and proclaiming a agnimitranA A vijayathI puSyamitranI samrATa formal claim to the rank of Lord tarIke Dhere bahAra pADavAnI tivra umedane Paramount of Northeru India. His vadhAre puSTi maLI hatI. pretensions received confirmation A bane chatane samaya 27 ma. saM. 330 by the success of Agnimitra, in a thI 33raI. sa. pU. 197 thI 195 sudhImAM local War with his southern neigh- gaNa rahe che. temAM ye yavana sAthenA yuddhamAM bour the raja of Vidarbha (Berar ) kevI rIte jIta meLavI hatI tenA zubha samAcAra which resullted in the complete Apato hevAla puSyamitre potAnA putra agnidefeat of the Raja, who was oblig- mitrane rAjanagara vidizAmAM mokalI ApyA ed to cede half of bis dominions hatA, tema mAlavikA sAthe tenuM lagna ma. to a rival cousin; the river Wardha saM. 331 I. sa. pU. 196 AsapAsa thayAnuM being constituted the boundary lekhI zakAze between the two principalities.s upara pramANe banAva banI gayA pachI agnimitranA yuvAnaputra vasumitrane tenA dAdA teNe uttejIta banIne eka azvamedha yajJa karavAnI puSyamitra rAjAnI AjJAnusAra yuddhapravRttimAM jamA karI. je mahAbhASyakAra pataMjalI mahArokavAmAM AvyA hatA. puSyamitra ke je A samaye zayanA netRtva nIce ma. saM. 38ra=I. sa. , vayovRddha hevo joIe teNe uttara hiMdanA samrATanI 195 mAM saMpUrNa karavAmAM Avyo hato ane padavI uparanA pitAnA vAstavika hakkane sudaDha tenI pUrNAhuti bAda cha sAta varase puSyamitra rIte sthApana karI jAhera karavA, tenA lazkarI 88 varSanI umare ma. sa. 739=I. sa. pU. (37) A baMnene samaya 15ramAM ApaNe ma. saM. 328 thI 330=I. sa1, 199 thI 17 gaNAvyo che ane ahIM be varSane kera batA che. kharuM zuM hoI zake te tapAsavAnI jarUra che. game tema paNa ma. saM. 326 thI 331 sudhInA pAMca varSanA gALAmAM ja A banAve banyA che eTaluM cokkasa lAge che. (38) juo. ke. hi. I. 5. 201 ke, e. I. 4. 48:-" Agaiigitra, the ruler of Vidisa= vidizAne rAjakta agnimitra"=have vAcakenI khAtrI thaze ke zuMgavaMzanI gAdI avaMtimAM ja hatI; koI divasa pATaliputramAM hatI ja nahIM. bale ema kahevuM vyAjabI thaI paDI ke, mAya samrATa priyadariAnanA rAjya ane lathI ja hiMdI samrATenI rAjanagarI tarIke pATaliputrane tajI devAmAM AvyuM hatuM. vizeSa mATe bAgaLa upa "pATaliputranuM AyuSya " vALa pArigrApha e. (39) vAyupurANanA AdhAre lakhela lekha je buddhiprakAza trimAsikanA pu. 7ka. 5. 96, paMkti 17 thI 20 upara che te juo.

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agnimitra [ tRtIya 188mAM maraNa pAmyo hato. bIjI bAjU yavana saradAro je nAsI gayA hatA temaNe svadeza jaIne potAnA rAjA DimeTrIasane khabara dIdhI. eka te te yuvAna-tejavI rAjakatAM hato ane suratamAM ja gAdIe be hato eTale tene pitto chaLI uryo, ane vera vALavAnA IrAdAthI-manasubAthI hiMda upara caDAI lAvavAnI I. sa. pU. 184 nA arasAmAM taiyArIo AdarI. vacce Avate paMjAba tenA pitA yuthI DIse Azare ma. sa. 317=I. sa. 5. 210 mAM lIdho hato kharo, paNa kAzmira- pati jAlIke temaja avaMtipati agnimitre te prAMta pAchaLathI pitAnI ANamAM cheDe cheDe aMze meLavI lIdho hato. temAM jAlaukanA sthAne atyAre te tenA putra dAmodarane vahIvaTa zarU thaI gayo hata; eTale bahAdura DimeTrI ane tene bhAge AveluM paMjAba pAchuM meLavI levAne jarAye muzkela jevuM lAgyuM nahatuM. A pramANe teNe aMdAje I. sa. pU. 188 mAM paMjAbane uttara bhAga jItI laI tyAM pitAnI sthiti majabUta karI lIdhI ane pachI AgaLa vadhavAne kAMIka bahAnuM maLe mATe yuktio racavA mAMDI. temAM eka yukti A pramANe gaThavI hatI. cInAba ane rAvI nadI vaccenA bhadra nAme oLakhAtA pradezamAM koI eka sauMdaryavatI yavana putrIne karavA mokalIka evI gaNatrIe ke yuvarAja vasumitranI najare paDe ane teNInA mehamAM lapaTAya. banyuM paNa temaja. yuvarAja teNInA rUpamAM lebhAye ane te kanyA mATe mAthuM TekavyuM. svabhAvika rIte ja te mAMgaNuM svIkAravAmAM na AvI. eTale pariNAme banne pakSa vacce yuddhanI nobata gaDagaDI. A yuddhamAM DimeTTI ane pitAnuM parAkrama batAvavAno ThIka moko maLI Avyo hato ema samajAya cheH kemake yuvarAja hArI javAthI satalaja nadInA tIra prAMta sudhImAM dakSiNa paMjAbavALo mulAka kadAca eka vAra pharIne DimeTTIesanA hAthamAM jaI paDyo hoya te nA kahevAya nahIM. paNa kharI vastusthitinuM mApa kADhI levAnI rAjA agnimitrane A vakhate buddhi sUjhI. teNe bIjo azvamedhara karavAnI jAherAta karI ane yuvarAjane teazvanI rakSA mATe pAchaLa javA hukama pharamAvyA. azva jyAM satalaja nadInA pradezamAM pahoMcyuM ke yavanee tene aTakAvyo. pariNAme (40) grIka ItihAsamAM rUpavatI kanyAne lIdhe yuddha jagyAnI hakIkata maLatI nathI, mAva yugapurANamAM ja che ema buddhiprakArA. pu. 76. 5. 96 mAM jaNAvAyuM che. tenuM kAraNa mArI samajamAM ema Ave che ke, A yuddha to DimeTIaranI hiMdamAMnI rAjakArakIrdIne aMge che; nahI ke grIka ke bekIana rAjapati tarIke; eTale te bInAne grIka itihAsamAM kadAca sthAna maLyuM na hoya te banavA yogya che. . (41) kanyA akasmAta yuvarAjanI najare paDI gaI hatI ke jANI joIne yuti goThavI tenI najare teNIne pADI hatI, te be sthitimAMthI eka hoI zake. bIjI sthiti vadhAre saMbhavanIya kalpIne meM te pramANe varNana karyuM che. (42) azvamedha yajJa karanAra sAmAnyata: meTA. pradezane rAjakta hoya te ja karI zake che. temAM yajJamAM thatA kharcane prazna nathI paNa te rAnanI sattA taLenA pradeza vistArane prazna che. sahaja samajI zakAya che ke, jyAre agnimitre azvamedha ya karyA che tyAre tene rAjayavistAra tenA pUrvanA rAjakartAo karatAM ati moTe thaI gayo hoya ja; eTale nIcenA TI. naM. 44 mAM jaNAvAyelI prAcIna graMthanI siMdhu nadIvALI mAnyatA keTale daraje satya gaNI zakAya te vAcake ApameLe vicArI zakaze.

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pariccheda ] zu gati ane vanaspatinA sainya vacce pAchu yuddha jAmyuM ane mAlUma paDe che ke A yuddhamAM ( ma. sa. 345=I. sa pU. 182 ) yuvarAja vasumitranuM maraNu nIpajyuM.43 A khedajanaka samAcAra sAMbhaLI rAjA agnimitrane dhaNA ja AdhAta thayA. eTale te yavana rAjAnuM gumAna teDavA tathA azvamedha yajJanA niyamanuM pAlana karavA teNe pote ja te tarapha prayANa karyuM. A yuddha siMdhu nadI44( satalaja )nA kinAre thayuM. temAM yavane sakhta hAra khAvI paDI ane rAjA DimeTrIasanuM maraNu nIpajyuM (ma. sa, 386= sa. pU. 181 ) hoya te paNa anavAyeAgya che, A jIta tene sauthI mahAna lAgI hatI. rAjapade (43) ke, rA. hi, pR. 55 mAM jaNAvAyuM che ke sumitranuM maraNa ( kavi khANanA kahevA mujaba ) kAI mitradeva nAmanI vyaktinA hAthe nATakanA khela karatAM thayu' che (According to Bana, he-Vasumitra was killed while engaged in amateur theatricals by one Mitradeva ); paNa A thata mane kharAkhara nathI lAgatuM, kAraNa ke uparanA nATayaprayAga te mAlavikAgnimitranA lagnaprasa`ganA che. jo temAMja vasumitra marAyA hoya, te te bAda jyAre puSyamitranA prathama azvamedha thayo temAM vasumitranI hAjarI zI rIte sa'bhavI zake? ane ema te spaSTa thAya che ke, te azva medhanA samaye pataMjalI, puSyamitra ne vasumitra ema traNe jaNA hAjara hatA. eTale khANa kavinuM upara pramANenuM kathana mane vAstavika lAgatuM nathI, (44) prAcIna graMthAmAM siMdhu nadIne kAMThe yuddha thayAnuM ja mAtra lakhyu` che. siMdhu nadInuM viroSa spaSTIkaraNa karAyux nathI, paNu itihAsavettAe, zugabhraMzIenI sattA mAtra vidizAnA pradezanI AsapAsa ja phelAyalI haze tathA cavano taraphane A hI mathu taraphanI dizAethI ja thayo haro; evI e sthitinI kalpanA karI lai, siMdhu nadIne khale avaMti pradezamAM AvelI 'khala nadInI zAkhA je kAlIsidhu tarIke Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 95 kAraNa ke yavana saradAre| Aje keTalAMya varSoMthI uttara hiMdamAM aDDo jamAvIne beThA hatA. temanA lazkarane bhale yuvarAja vasumitre thADAM varSa upara harAvIne kaccaradhANu vALyA hatA paNa A vakhate to temanA zahenazAha khUda pAteja laDavA utaryo hatA ane tene harAvavAmAM pAte kAbyA hatA, eTale A jItathI te dhaNA ha paNa pAmyA hatA. tema vasumitranA ghAta karanArane4pa ( ane azvamedhanA gheADAne aTakAyatamAM rAkhanArane ) ThIka zikSA karI tevA Atmasa MtAya thavAthI aMtaranA UMDANumAM AdlAda anubhavavA lAgyA hatA. eTale ajeya rAmrATa tarIke khIne azvamedha saMpUrNa karyo. A uparathI spaSTa thayuM ke teNe e yajJA karAvyA hatA. t oLakhAya che tene gaNAvI dIdhI che; paNa kharI hakIkata zuM hatI, te A uparathI sahaja samajI zakAze, vaLI uparanI TIkA na. 42 jI. (45) keTalAka graMthakAroe azvamedhanA pADAne aTakAyatamAM rAkhavA mATenA banAvane A yuddhanuM kAraNa phlyu che, tethI mAre paNa te prasa`ganI yAda devaDAvI krAMsamAM lakhavu paDayu' che, (46 ) iM. hi. kA, yu. 5. aMka 3, pR. 404:In a Brahami inscription at Ayodhya it is said that Senapati Pushyamitra performed not one but two horse-sacrifices. His was an exceptionally successful career; ayodhyAnA brAhmI bhASAnA lekhamAM jaNAvela che ke, senApati puSyamitre ( puSyamitra ane agnimitra bannenA bhegA maLIne gaNavA, kemake te sthiti temanAM jIvanacaritra uparathI ApaNe naNatA thayA chIe. ) eka nahIM paNa be azvamedha yajJa karyo che, tenu' jIvana anupamarIte kRtehamaMda nIvaDayuM che. ( ne ekalA puSyamitrane AzracIne ja be azvamedha yajJA hAta tA exceptionally successful zabda lakhavAmAM na na Avata; tethI sAbita thAya che ke agnimitrane paNa sAthe gaNAvyA che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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niSpanna thatI [ tRtIya A che gaNAya te A bIjA lagna bAda pote mAtra ATha varSanuM AyuSya bhogavI zakyo che. azvamedha yajJa karavAmAM je zAstravidhi karavAmAM AvatI haze tenI sAthe ApaNe kAMI nisabata nathI eTale tenI niSpanna thatI bhAMjagaDamAM UtaravAnuM kAraNa eka sthiti nathI. paNa temAMnuM je eka tatva sAmAjika vyavasthA upara asara karI tene khoraMbhe caDAve che, tenI UDatI neMdha levI te te atra Avazyaka che ja. te A pramANe gaNAya che. azvamedha yajJa karAvanAra (vidhi karAvanAra purohitane nahIM, paNa jenA hukamathI te yA karAvAya che tene) vyaktine yajamAna kahI saMbodhavAmAM Ave che. banatAM sudhI Avo yajamAna hamezAM koI moTA rAjyane bhUpati ja hoya che. ane AvA rAjAone aneka rANIo hevAthI temAM je mukhya eTale paTarANI hoya che teno eka adhikAra A samaye evo gaNavAmAM Ave che ke, azvamedha yajJamAM homAyalA athavA hemavA mATe nirNita thayela-azvanA zabanI paDakhe teNIne suvuM paDe che. ane te sthaLe te prasaMganuM smaraNa karAvatuM bibhatsa citra 48 pattharanI zilA upara katarI rAkhavAmAM Ave che, je citra tene te sthitimAM keTalAye jamAnA sudhI jALavI rAkhavAmAM Ave che. A vize eka prakhyAta ItihAsavettA lakhe 49 che ke"There is independent evidence to show that the obscure elements of the Vedic rites grew unpopular in course of time and fell into desue tude. =vaidika matanI kriyAkAMDanA AvAM asabhya aMzo kALanA vaheNa sAthe prajAmAM aprima thaIne taddana bhUMsAI javA pAmyAM hatAM." AvAM citranA dazyathI bIjI kayA prakAranI asara bhAvI prajA upara thatI haze te kahI zakAya nahIM paNa eTaluM to avazya bane che ke, te citra jenI jenI daSTie paDe che tenA mana upara vikAra utpanna thAya che. ane mAnavAne kAraNa paNa maLe che ke A che yajJo thayA bAda kenI bhAvanAmAM ajaba prakArano pheraphAra thaI jaI teo strIlaMpaTa banI jatA hatA. AvI spaSTa hakIkatanA daSTAMta, itihAsanA daphatare AlekhA lAM kayAMya haze ke nahIM, te mArI jANamAM nathI, paNa A samayanA saMbaMdhamAM vAyupurANanA lekhake te tenI khAsa noMdha paNa karela che. juo gagasaMhitAmAM lakhyuM che ke, bhAratavarSamAM te rAjAonI zuddha karelI vaMzAvaLI jue. bAda sAta rAjA rAjya karaze. have ApaNe gaNIe te (47) zuMga agnimitrane rAjyakALa purANomAM zuMgavaMzI rAjanI saMkhyA agnimitra pachI sAtanI ja 8, ane yugapurANamAM 30 varSane Ape che. (juo thaI che; paNa mArya sA. iti. pR. 658 upara, te graMthanA - buddhiprakAza pu. 76, pR. 96, paMkti 14 mI) lekhake ema lakhyuM che ke "Isake bAda bhAratame sAta (48) iM. hi. ka. pu. 5. aMka 3, pR. 485: rA rAjya karane lage, yA bhArata sAta rAjemeM vibhakta rAja janmejayanI paTarANI vapuSamAne ghoDAnA rAbanI huM gayA-gAMdhAra, kAzmira, magadha, kaliMga, AMdha pAse jyAre sUvADavAmAM AvI tyAre ike te ghoDAnA ( jyAre pAMcanAM ja nAma lakhI batAvyAM che.) eTale rAjyamAM praveza karI teNInA sAthe saMbhoga karyo hato. dekhAya che ke, manakalpita artha temaNe karI dIdho che. (sarakhA AgaLa u5ra rAkaprajAnI caDAinuM varNana), vizeSa khulAsA mATe, A paricchedane aMte zuMgavaMzI (49) che. hi. ka. majakura pustaka pU. 405,

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paricheda ] eka sthiti - ---- -- -- buddhiprakAzamAna pu. 76 -pR. 89 thI 100 sudhI A samayanA zithilAcAra-zrIlaMpaTa paNanAM daSTAMta ne divAna bahAdura kezavalAla harSadabhAI pravana tarIke-itihAsanA kalaMkacitro tarIka-adyApi lekha. temAM jaNAvyuM che ke "pachI rAjA parvata jaLavAI rahelAM che. AvI sthiti vasumitra puMThe eka rAjya pAmaze, tene bhayaMkara kamamAM kama deDha sadI sudhI cAlu rahelI najare zakonAM dhADAM sAthe vigraha thaze. pachI mahAba- paDe che. prajAjIvanamAMthI te saMDe nAbUda karavAnuM LavAna zako sAthenA dArUNa saMgrAmamAM te rAjA mahata puNya kadAca avaMtipati vikramAdityanA marmasthAnamAM bANa vAgyAthI prANa choDaze. pachI lalATe ja vidhie lakhI rAkhyuM hoya ema bhayaMkara zako ane mArge caDI bhraSTa banelI samajAya che, tene lagatuM vivecana ApaNe tenuM ane zIlasadAcAra khAI beThelI te bahoLI jIvanavRttAMta AlekhatI vakhate karIzuM. prajAne harI jaze evI pArANika kRti che." zuMgavaMzanA zithilAcAranI jema A eka divAnabahAdura jevA vayovRddha ane pUrNa kALI bAjU che tema bIjI eka ujajavala bAjU abhArI temaja vaidika dharmanA anuyAyI purUSa paNa che. te e ke, temaNe hiMdanA vAyavya khUNAtaraphathI lakhAyela A zabdathI nirvivAdita mAMthI dhasI AvatA sAbhI paradezIonAM sAbita thAya che ke, A samayanI prajA zIlA- AkramaNa ane humalAonI sAme sakhtAIthI cAramAM bahu ja zithila thaI gaI hatI. te AvA je sAmane karyo hato tene lagatI che. je bibhatsa dekhAnA pariNAmarUpa ja hovuM joIe. temaNe A pramANe zuravIratA dAkhavI na heta vaLI AnuM pariNAma tevA ramaya bAda keTalAMya te, temano dhasAro kayAM jaIne aTakata ane varSo sudhI prajAnI saMskRtimAM ati kAtila AryAvartanI hAla dekhAtI rAjakIya paristhitine jherarUpe bheLavAyeluM ja paDI rahevA pAmyuM hatuM badale zuM sthiti hatI te kalpI zakAtuM nathI te ApaNe te pachInA uttarottara je rAjAo A bIje yajJa karyA bAda te kAMIka aMze gAdIe besatA AvyA che temanAM caritro svasthatA karI, rAjya chatA uparathI paNa joI zakIe chIe. zirebhAge ke vadhAravAnI upAdhI choDI zuMgavaMzI chellA rAjA devabhUtinuM mRtyu paNa zuMga sAmrAjya daI, rAjyanI AbAdI vadhAravA strIlaMpaTapaNAne lIdhe ja thayuM hatuM; temaja prerAyo. eka te vibhAve lobhI prakhyAta vikramAdityanA pitA avaMtipati rAjA hato ja ane temAM vaLI yuddhomAM anargaLa dravyanI gadaMbhIla-jenuM vRttAMta ApaNe thoDA ja vakhatamAM hAnI thaI temaja babe azvamedha yajJanA lakhavuM paDaze-tenA rAjyanuM viparita pariNAma kharco karavA paDyA, eTale lobhane thebhA paNa te ja dazAne lIdhe thavA pAmyuM hatuM. vaLI nahIM tevI sthitimAM mUkAyo. mahArAjA priyate ja vikramAdityanA laghu baMdhu-jene rAjA bharta darzine je je suvarNamaya jina biMba-pratimA harI tarIke lekakathAomAM varNavAyela che, tenI bharAvI hatI temAMnI jeTalI jeTalI hAtha rANI piMgaLA jeno itihAsa paNa prajAnA lAgI te sarvene ekane dhamaSathI ane bIjuM lokasAhityamAM ati mazahura che, te sarva banAvo dravyanA lebhathI, bhAMgI toDI nAMkhI gaLAvI karIne, 13

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= === zirebhAge [ ntIya tenuM dhana koSAgAramAM bharyuM, tathA aneka rIte lUMTI karIne temAMthI utpanna thayela dravya agnidharmadevathI prajvalita thaIne, pAkhaMDI (vedika mitra pitAnA kezAgAramAM laI gayo hovo dharmane na mAnanAra tevA sarve) dharmanA upadezakone joIe ema pAka anumAna baMdhAya che. vaLI raMjADavA mAMDyA. temanA dharmasthAno bALI pAMkhyAM. tenA ati paNa jyAre maryAdA mUkI ane ane adhUrAmAM pUrI temanI kala paNa calAvI. karmanA prAbalyathI dhanasaMcaya karatAM chatAM paNa chevaTe jyAre tene ema khAtrI thaI ke have kaI saMtoSa na thayo tyAre pRcchA calAvI; ane bAkI rahyuM nathI eTale, potAnA matarika samAcAra maLyA ke, magadhadezanA pATanagara pATalitiraskArano kema jANe sAkSAta paDa ApavAne putramAM 51 mahArAjA naMdanA samayanuM, temaNe bahAra paDyo na hoya tema Dhola pITAvI saMcita kareluM dravya pAMca moTA stUparUpe UbhuM udaghoSaNA karAvI ke, je koi bhikSukanu zramaNanuM- karI rAkheluM mojuda paDeluM che. eTale eka kAMkare eka mAthuM paNa lAvI Apaze, tene se be pakSI mAravAno lAbha maLaze evuM vicArI dinAranuM pAritoSika rAjaya taraphathI maLaze. (eka to manabhAvanA pramANamAM dhanaprApti thAya para jema anya sthAnethI jaina mUti enuM khaMDana ane bIjuM te pradeza jItI laI potAnI tathA gaLana karI nAMkhyuM che tema-mayurAmAMnA sUvarNa samrATa tarIkenI kItimAM vRddhi paNa karAya ). ya vaDavA sUpa-Vodva Tope paNa A samaye magadha tarapha teNe prayANa AdaryuM. tyAM jaI (10) viroSa mATe jue khaMDa chaThThAmAM madhurA nagarIvALA pariziSTa (51 ) ke. ze. hi. pU. 55:- je ama lakhyuM che ke) " The wicked and valiaut Greeks occupied Saketa, Panchal and Mathura and advanced as far as Kusum- dhraj (Patliputra ) but Pushyamitra (Aguimitra ) ultimately drove them out of Magadha"=dara ane bahAdara grIke. e sAketa, pAMcAla ane mathurAno kabajo lIdho; ane te bAla kusumadhaja (pATaliputra) sudhI jaI pahoMcyA, paNa puSyamitre (agnimitre) temane magadhaderAmAMthI Akhare hAMkI kADhayA hatA " A vAkayamAMne pAcho lAga khoTo Thare che ema have vAcakane rAmajAze. grIkAe pAMcAla ane madhurAno je kAMI paNa kabajo meLavyuM che (ane tenI pUrve magadha tarapha vaphA hoya ne ke tema banyuM lAgatuM nathI, te te ani. mitranA maraNa bAda ja che. (juo minenDaranA tAle jIvulanA vRtAMtamAM) ( 12 ) "jara, jamIna ane jo e traNe kalAnAM chorUM " A kahevata ApaNe prathama vAra uparamAM pU. 7 upara TokI gamA chIe. te vakhate ema paNa batAvyuM che ke A kaLiyugamAM prathama yuddha " jara, jamIna ane nerU" nAmanA traNa tatvamAMthI prathama kahe ke chelle kaho, paNa jerU-sI-meLavavAnA lobhathI je yuddha AduravAmAM AvyuM hoya te kaliyuga besatAM ja karavuM AvyuM hatuM. A ripati ema ne ema cAlI AvatI hatIja. pachI rAja ajAtazatrunA samayamAM (eTale jaina graMthAnusAre, pAMcame Aro beDo ke turata ja) kevaLa jamIna-uparanA traNa tAvamAMnuM bIjuM tana-meLavavAnA ArAyathI ja yuddha kaha-athavA manuSasaMhAra kahe game te nAma Apo, paNa tevI-sthiti AdaravAmAM AvI hatI. ane have je tavuM bAkI rahyuM hatuM te jara- pasa-ka te nimitte yuddha athavA manuSyasaMhAra AdaravAno prasaMga A karika rAjanA samayathI AraMbhAye che. alabatta, uparanA traNa yuddhanA banAvonA AraMbhe te je hetu batAvAya che te mukhyapaNe heIne ja gaNAge che. bIjA aneka yuddho te daramyAna paNa thayAM ja haze paNa A gaNanAmAM je hetu prabaLapaNe vatI

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pariccheda ] tyAMnA rAjakartAne jItI lIdheApa ane pachI sagrahIta dhana ekaThuM karavA ahaiArAtri mahenata karI, AkhA nagarane khAdAvI kheAdAvI, jeTalu jeTaluM ane jyAM jyAMthI dravya maLyu, teTaluM teTaluM' svAdhIna karI lIdhuM; ane nagaranA paNa nAza karavA mAMDayA. aMte daivanI avakRpA thavAthI tenA jIvane kevI rIte nAza thayA te ApaNe kalki rAjAnI AkhyAyikA lakhatI veLAe pustakAnA kukarA utArI TAMkI batAvyuM che. A pramANe ekadare trIsa varSanuM rAjya bhAgavI ( 16 varSI pitAnI haiyAtImAM saMyukta amalathI, ane 14 varSI svataMtrapaNe; paNa temAMye svataMtra samrATa eTale kalki tarIke teA tenA rAjyaamalanA chella 7-8 va ja ) chayAsI varSanI (86) umare te ma. sa. 352=4. sa. pU. 174 mAM maraNa pAmyA. jema kAI paNa vigrahamAM vartamAna samaye hamezAM khanatu Ave che tema te samaye paNu meAkhare rahenAra sainikane ja tene mAre| sahana karavA paDatA hatA, pachI te mArA phAve te tApatA54 hAya, dUkA hoya ke anya prakAranA hAya. chatAMye vigrahanA pariNAmane yaza yA apayaza rahyo hatA tevI prabaLatA anya samaye naDDI' hoya ema sahaja anumAna karavAnuM kAraNa rahe che, ( 53) A samare magadha upara, je mAvaMzI zAkhAnu rAjya cAlatu` hatu` tene namAvIne ava'ti patinA khaDiyA tarIke banAvI dIdhe haro ema sama naya che. purANakAra paNa sAcu ja kahe che. (54) te vakhate tepa, baMduka vigere ke kema te muddo jaNAvavAne ahIM ArAya mAtra judA judA pra!nAM yuddhe batAvavA A zabdo lakhAyA che, zuMga sAmrAjya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat sa` hatu` nathI ja; pUratA ja (55) sAketa badhA vidvAno lakhte gayA che, paNa te| jema sainikanA zIre na paDatAM tene doravanAra sainyapatine lalATe ja dharavAmAM Ave che, tema ahIM paNa bhale puSpamitra rAjapade hatA vA na hatA, teA paNa te samayanA rAjakAraNamAM te mukhya netA hAvAne lIdhe, je je saghaLA nAMdhAvA cAgya banAvA banavA pAmyA che ma. sa. 298 thI mAMDIne ma. sa. 323 sudhImAM, eTale ke gauvaMzanI paDatIthI mAMDIne aMta sudhInA 25 varSanA gALAmAM-te sarvemAM purANakAree to tevu ja nAma AgaLa dharyuM che. bAkI kharI rIte te uparanAM vaNune joi gayA chIe tema te pratyeka banAvanA uttaradAtA-mukhya kartA--purUSa tarIke teA niranirALIja vyaktie Dare che; jemake ( 1 ) sAketane 55 (I. sa. pU. 210 pahelAM ) ane madhyamikAnA (i. sa. pU. 204 pahelAM ) dherA. A banne dherA je yavana saradAra yuIDImeAse dhALyA hatA tenA samaya ma. sa. 317 thI 323 sudhInA cha sAta varSanA gALAnA kahevAya; ane te samaye jo ke mauya vazanA rAjaamala ja hatA, chatAM rAjyanI lagAma amAtya tarIke to puSyamitranA hAthamAM ja hatI eTale tenuM ja nAma16 AgaLa dharIne purANakArAe lakhI vALyuM che ke te banne banAvA puSpamitrA kharo zabda rAkala neie. zAla te vartamAna kALanA ziyALakATanuM' te samaye nAma hatuM, jyAre sAketa te tA ayeAdhyAnuM. bIjI' nAma che. sAketa ane sAkala ane judAM ja nagarI che. ( jue nIcenu' TI. na. 56) ( 56 ) A upasthI samajAze ke iM. hi, kA, nA lekhakanu` kathana keTaluM satya che. temaNe pu. 5, pR. 346 mAM jaNAkhyuM che ke so the slege of Saket and Madhyamika by Yavanas coulds not have with Pushya. been contemporaneous nmitra's horse-sacrifice but must have taken place before-yayAe pAlela sATa www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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100 pATaliputra [ tRtIya samaye banavA pAmyA hatA. (juo puSyamitranA vRttati.) (2) mauryavaMzI bRhadrathane mArI nAMkhI agnimitre je gAdI pitAnA hAthamAM lIdhI che temAM paNa, te siMgha kArya karavAmAM bhale agni. mino hAtha hato, chatAM te samaye puSyamitranuM ja amAtyapada hevAthI te kAryanA praNetA tarIke paNa tenuM ja nAma levAyuM che. A banAva ma. saM. 323-I. sa. pU. 204 mAM bane che. (3) yavana saradAra sAthe khUnakhAra yuddha karIne pAMcAla tathA sarasena prAMtamAMthI temane je hAMkI kaDhAyA che te yuvarAja vasumitranA hAthathI ja; tema banAva banyuM che paNa rAjA agnimitranA rAjaamala daramyAna ja; chatAMye puSyamitra bhale te samaye rAjadvArI jIvanamAMthI taddana nivRtta thaI gayA hatA ane laDAI kevI rIte doravAya che tenuM nirIkSaNa karavA athavA bahu te jyAre jarUra paDe tyAre kevaLa salAha ApavA jeTalo ja upayogI thaI zake tevI sthitimAM ja hato tathA te hetuthI ja tene laDAImAM sAthe moklavAmAM Avyo hato; chatAM te samaye tenuM kevaLa sAnidhya ( uparanI TIkA naM. 55 juo) ane madhyamikAne che te puSyamitre karela azvamedhanA samayama hoI zake nahI, paNa tenI pahelAM thaI gayA hovA joIe (eTale ke, ghera . sa. 1, 220 mAM che. jyAre azvamedha I. sa. pU. 187 mAM che. A mATe nIce pArigrApha naM. 4 jue. matalaba ke bane banAvanI vacce 1ra-15 varSanuM aMtara che. temAM azvamedha prathama che ane ghara pachIthI thayA che) ane tethI ja tenA lekhake (paMDita jayasvAlajIe) pR. 396 nA TIpaNumAM lakhyuM che ke, the siege of Saket (sAketa ane sAkalanA ame mATe uparanI TI. naM. 55 juo ) aust have been earlier than the horse-szcrifice. vaLI Tragasa pipIasa je puNe grIka paNuM he vAne lIdhe te laDAI jItAyAne yazaH. kalaza paNa purANakAroe tenA zAre ja caDAvyo che. A banAva ma. saM. 330=I. sa. pU. 197 mAM bane che. (4) tevI ja rIte prathama azvamedha je kare che te paNa agnimitra samrATanA rAjyakALe ja. temAMye paNa puSyamitranI haiyAti hatI eTale pataMjalI mahAzaye temaja purANika graMthakartAoe tene puSyamitro sAnidhyamAM ja saMpUrNa thayo hovAnuM lekhAvyuM che. tene samaya ma. saM. 332 I. sa. pU. 195 mAM che. have samajAze ke vastu sthati kharI rIte bhinna hovA chatAM ye zA mATe paurANika graMthamAM keTalAye banAvo puSyamitranA nAme noMdhAI javAyAM che. atyAra sudhImAM varNavAI gayelA aneka sAmrAjyanA aneka pATanagara pATaliputranuM thaI gayAM. chatAM koIne mATe AyuSya svataMtra pArIgrApha lakhIne tenuM mahatta darzAvavA prayatna Adaryo nathI jyAre kevaLa pATaliputrane ja tenA apavAdarUpa zA mATe banAvAya tevo prazna graMthakartA paNa te hakIktane Teko Ape che (ke Do. na konI judo paDe che khare che ke. hi. i. pU404 mAM jaNAvyuM che ke " Dr. Sten Korow ignores the statement of Trogus Pompeius, and holds without any hesitation that the Yaraua king, who laid siege to Sakal" (uparanI mArI TIkA naM. 55 sarakhAvo) and Madhyamika contemporaneously with Pushyamitra's horse-sacrifice was Demetrius, son of Euthydeinos (Acta Orientalia. I P. 53)-kaTara sTena kenAu e Dragasa pimpIasanA dhana pratye AMkhamiMcAmaNA karyA che. ane nirasaMkacapaNe ema mAne che ke, puSpamitranA azvamedha yajJanA

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== pariccheda ] nuM AyuSya 101 uddabhave ja; paNa tene uttara sahaja che. eka to e ke te kevaLa eka sAmrAjyanuM ja pATanagara hatuM ema nathI, paNa te hiMdabharanA te te vakhatanA sarva sAmrAjyomAMthI prathama paMktie mUkAya tevA sAmrAjyanuM gAdI sthAna hatuM. ane bIjuM e che ke tenuM rAjadvArI mahattva ghaTI gayA pachI are ! kaho ke chevaTe tene vinAza thayA pachI paNa, tenuM astitva mAnI laIne, te te samayanA sAmrAjyanuM pATanagara tene ja TharAvIne, vidvAnonA hAthe aneka aitihAsika tane anyAya thaI rahyo che. eka be ja udAharaNa ApIzuM. (1) samrATa priyadarzinanA samaye tenA rAjakIya vaibhavamAM prabhAvamAM ati nyUnatA thaI javA pAmI hatI, chatAM tenI rAjagAdI pATaliputre mAnI levAthI, tenA rAjyanA aneka rAjadvArI to mAryA gayAM che (2) ane mauryavaMzanI samApti thayA bAda paNa zuMgavaMzanI gAdI pATaliputre mAnI lIdhI hovAthI keTalIye aiti- hAsika sthiti samajavAmAM muzkelI UbhI thaI che; jemake, puSyamitrane ke agnimitrane je pATaliputre rAja karate mAnatA hoIe, te te vidizAne rAjakartA kevI rIte thavA pAme tathA teNe pATaliputra upara kema caDAI karI tene Ukela lAvavAmAM gothAM ja khAvAM paDe che. iyAdi ItyAdi. pu. 1. pR. 302 mAM zizunAgavaMzanA rAjA udayanano itihAsa lakhatAM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke pATaliputranI sthApanA pitAnA rAjyanA cothA varSe eTale ma. sa. 34-I sa. pU. 483mAM teNe ja karI hatI. ane ahIM ema sAbita karyuM che ke tene bhaMga samrATa agnimitranA hAthe ma. sa. 347=I. sa. pU. 181 ane 174 nA gALAmAM athavA bahu te Azare . sa. 5. 179-80 mAM thayo saMbhave che. alabatta, kahevuM ja paDaze ke, jema vasaMpati rAjA zatAnika aMgapati rAjA dalivAhananI rAjanagarI caMpAne bhAMgI nAMkhI hatI pachI paNa pAchaLathI tenAM rahI gayela avazeSa upara samArakAma karI magadhapati samrATa ajAtazatrue tene punarUddhAra karyo hato pa8 tema ahIM paNa agnimitranA hAthe kevaLa dhanaprAptinI lAlasAthI te AkhI nagarI khodAI gaI hovAthI ujaverAnakhedAnamedAna jevI thaI gaI hatI. paNa tethI tene vinAza-sarvathA nAza-thayela te na ja kahI zakAya. eTale tenuM AyuSya paNa I. sa. pU. 483 thI mAMDIne I. sa. pU. 179 sudhInA 304 varSane badale kAMIka vadhAre hatuM ema kahevAmAM kAMI bAda Avyo gaNAze nahIM. paNa te bhagna thayA pachI tenI rAjakIya mahattA te sarvathA nAza thaI ja lekhAze; kema ke pAcho tene jIrNoddhAra thayela heya ema kayAMya jaNAyuM nathI. paNa pATaliputra upara ja khAsa je pustaka mi. kinDele lakhyuM che temAM temaNe ema sUcavyuM che ke te nagara te koI kALe agniprakopano bhoga banIne nAza pAmyuM hovuM joIe, kemake tenAM je avazeSo, vartamAnakALe bihAra-orisA prAMtamAM paTaNA najIkanA pradezamAMthI khodI kaDhAyAM che temAMnA keTalAkanAM prastare agninA dhUmADAthI baLI gayAM hoya ane pariNAme kALAM paDI samaye sAthesAthe ja je yavana rAjAe sAkala ane madhyamikA nagarIne ghere nAMkhyo hato te yuthI sane putra DimeTrIasa ja hate juo ekaTA orIenTerIA pu. 1, pR. 33.) (57) jue. pu. 1, 5, 114. (58) juo pu. 1, 5. 29,

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102 pATaliputra [ pratIya gayAM hoya evAM jaNAya che. eTale A mATe ) rAjamahela baMdhAvI, varSanA thoDA bhAga sarva prApta thatI hakIkata uparatho hAla te mATe paNa nivAsasthAna karavAnuM TharAvyuM tyArathI eTaluM ja kahI zakIzuM ke pATaliputra nagarane ja kahI zakAya. chatAM biMdusAre ane azorvadhane bhaMga I. sa. pU. 178 mAM thayAbAda keTaleka te tene mukhya nagara tarIke rAkhI, pitAnA kALe te agnino bhoga banI vinAzane pAmyuM hatuM. pratinidhine athavA yuvarAjane ja tyAM rahevAnuM traNa sadI jeTalA lAMbA AyuSya daramyAna dhoraNa rAkhela hovAthI tenI kSaya thatI kaLA teNe rAjakIya prabhAvitA ke ekadhArI jALavI TakI rahevA pAmI hatI. te bAda paNa azokapardhanane rAkhI hatI paNa vacagALe kudaratanI avakRpAne bhoga rAjakIya saMnyAsa thatAM ane teNe potAnA banI gayAnuM paNa ApaNe kavacita noMdhI zakIe gAdI parasa tarIke eka vakhata pasaMda karAyela tema che. tevo eka prasaMga rAjA naMdivardhana urphe kumAra dazarathane tyAMnI sUbAgirI soMpAtAM, maurya naMda pahelAnA samaye ativRSTine lIdhe thaya vaMzanI mULa zAkhAnI gAdI tarIke javArathI hevAnuM ApaNe jaNAvavuM paDyuM che. (juo samrATa priyadarzine avaMtine jAhera karI tyArathI pu. 1, pR. 33 ) ane kadAca ApaNe ema to tenI avadazA beThI hatI ema jarUra kahevuM anumAna karavAne paNa lalacAIe chIe ke, pATali- ja rahe che. pachI te mAtra te eka prAMtIya putra jyAre prathama vasAvavAmAM AvyuM tyAre gaMgA rAjadhAnI tarIke ja TakI rahyuM hatuM ane temAM nadInA ane sona nadInA saMgama vacce ja tenuM paNa samrATa animitre te tene aMtima phaTake ja sthAna nirmANa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. chatAM hAla lagAvyo hato. tyArapachI te mAtra bhagnAvazeSa maLI AvatAM tenAM avazeSa uparathI je ema sthitimAM ja DacakAM khAtuM khAtuM nAmazeSa AyuSya sAbita thaI rahyuM che ke saMgamanA vaccethI khasI bhogavatuM te pRthvInI sapATI upara dekhA daI jaine tenuM sthAnAMtara thatAM, vinAza samaye rahyuM hatuM ema kahI zakAya. kevaLa sona nadInA pazcima kAMThe te AvI rahyuM te zaheranI bAMdhaNI temaja tenI laMbAI hatuM; te tevI paristhiti uparanA jaLapralaya pahoLAI keTalI ane kevA prakAranI hatI, samaye kAM banavA pAmI na hoya ? tenA keTane keTalAM daravAjA, gaDha ane buraja tenI samRddhine paNa eka rIte te tenA vigere hatAM, temaja keTane pharatI khAI keTalI AyuSya sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI gaNI zakAya che. coDI ne UDI hatI tathA haMmezAM te pANIthI kevI eTale te dRSTithI kahevAnuM ke, jyArathI tenuM bharapUra rahyAM karatI hatI, te sarva hakIkata nirmANa thayuM tyArathI ja tenuM sthAna bahu ja prasaMgopAta jaNAvAI gaI che. eTale ahIM gauravavaMtu lekhAtuM AvyuM che. A sthiti emanI pharIne jaNAvI nathI. ema cAlI AvI hatI ke temAM vadhAro thatAM vasumitra (suSa-sumitra) . thatAM tenI utkRSTatA maurya samrATa caMdraguptanA samaye samrATa agnimitra maraNa pAmyA bAda kIrtinA zikhare pahoMcI hatI; paNa je kAMI tenI gAdI upara koNa AvyuM te cekasa thatuM kSatine AraMbha thavA mAMDyo hoya te, pArathI nathI ema ApaNe aneka vakhata upara jaI gayA caMdragupta avaMtimAM pitAne mATe (ke yuvarAja chIe, paNa keTalAka purANakAronA maMtavya pramANe

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pariccheda ] nuM AyuSya 103 supekane karavo paDe che. te bAbatamAM anya teTaluM kharuM che). eTale puSyamitrathI trIje purUSa koI vizeSa samarthana maLatuM jaNAtuM nathI; paNuM paNa che. vaLI A vAtane bIjI be hakIkatathI sujhanA sikakA maLela che te uparanA akSara Teke paNa maLate dekhAya cheH (eka) jema uparathI eTaluM spaSTa thAya che ke, te puSyamitra sumitra-sujyane amala-sattAdhikAra purANa senApatithI trIjI peDhIe thayela che. ane kAe sAta varSane jaNAvyo che tema vasupuSyamitranuM vRttAMta lakhatAM ApaNe ema sAbita mitrane sattAkALa-yuvarAja tarIke-teTalA ja karI gayA chIe ke te kadI rAjapade AvyA ja samavana ho ema ApaNe sAbita karI gayA nathI. meTAmAM moTo je hoddo teNe bhogavyo che. chIe. (bIjuM) A pachI je rAjAonI te senyapati ke mahAamAtya tarIke ja. eTale nAmAvaLI purANakAre ApI che temAM "vasumitra A be hakIkatathI siddha thAya che ke, (1) bIje' evI eka vyakti batAvI che; ane puSyamitra vizenuM ApaNuM kathana, tenA vaMzanA A je tene satya lekhIe te-tema khoTuM mAnavAne rAjakumAre paDAvela sikkA uparathI rAtya kare che virUddha paDatI koI sAbitI ApaNane haju sudhI tathA (2) sumitra jyAre pitAne puSyamitrathI maLI nathI-vasumitra pahele nAme koIka purapa te trIjo purUSa jaNAve che tyAre benI vacce eka vaMzamAM thaI gayo hovo joIe ema ApoApa vyakti thaI gaI hovI joIe. matalaba ke pote puSya- siddha thAya che. AvAM anekavidha kAraNone lIdhe mitranA pautra darajaje lagabhaga che; ane je temaja ApaNe A sukane vasumitra tarIke ja hoya te ApaNe tene agnimitranA putra60 lekho rahe che. tarIke athavA to bhatrijA tarIke lekha raheze. tema A sikakAmAM te jyAre pitAne puSyavaLI e sikakA uparathI ema paNa sAbita thAya mitra sainyapatithI trIjA purUSa tarIke jAhera kare che che ke, te pote rAjapade abhipita thayo nahIM hoya, tyAre tenA sikkAno samaya paNa kahI zakAya ke nahIM te pitAne mATe oLakha ApavAnI jarUra te I. sa. pU 188 thI 181 sudhIno samaya haze. ja raheta nahIM, jema anya rAjAo potAnuM athavA sui nAma je yuvarAjapade AvyA nAmane kuLanI nizAnI I kotarAve che tema. A pUrvanuM eTale ke vasumitra nAma dhAraNa karyA sarva hakIkata jotAM te AbAda rIte vasumitrane pahelAMnuM hoya, to teno rAmaya i. sa. pU. 188 ja lAgu paDatI dekhAya che. te rAjakumAra paNa pahelAMno gaNavo paDaze. saMbhava che ke vasumitra che, puSyamitrane pautra paNa che, tema agnimitranI nAma dhAraNa karyuM te pUrvanuM te haze; kemake have pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAra paNa hatA; (paNa pachI je rAjavIonAM nAmo Ave che te puSyakAMIka kudaratI saMjogomAM tema thavA banyuM nathI mitra, agnimita, vasumitra, baLamitra, bhAnumitranI (59) ja. bI. e. pI. se. pu. 20 AMka (10) uparanuM ja pustaka pR. 301:-Sunmitra trI, ethe raat "-te ja pR. 30? " senApati tita was a son of Aguinitra-F4 B pustaka pR. 301-Sumitra being identical with putra thatuM hatuM. (11) tuo upara pR. 61, mAM Apela vaMzAvaLI. Vasumitra of the Puranas-2012 dor purANamAMnA vasumitranI barAbara che. (62) juo 35ra pU. 62. nI vaMzAvaLa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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104 pATaliputra [ tRtIya peThe "mitra' aMtyAkSarI nathI. eTale te nAme tenI rAjakIya kArakIrdIne-pravRttine sarva khyAla paNa teo pote mukuTAbhiSikta thayA pUrvenAM puSamitra-agnimitranA vRttAMtamAM apAI gayo mukhyataH samajI zakAya che. 13 che eTale ahIM pRthaphapaNe lakhavA jarUra rahetI nathI. (13) ghaNu vidvAne zuMgavaMzane mitravaMza zabda Avela che. eTale pachI je. rAjanAM tarIke oLakhAve che kemake A vaMrAnA iDe je nAmane cheDe " mitra " zabda na hoya te nAma thoDAghaNuM rAjAnAM nAma jaNAyAM che temAMnA te te pote gAdIpati bane te pUrvanuM hoya ema sa athavA te ghaNAkharAne aMta mitra" anumAna karI zakAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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*** ja me ja ' - ga - visit: *::: ::'* nA - - - - - iGE julillu|||||||| caturtha pariccheda zaMgavaMzanI samApti TUMka sAra-cAlI AvatI lekhana praNAlikAmAM kare paDela pheraphAra tathA tenuM jaNAvela kAraNu-rAjA edraka ane bhAganAM vividha nAmone, tathA agnimitra sAthenA temanAM sagapaNane batAvela Ukela-temanA samayane nirNaya ane sAhitya graMthonA AdhAre temanAM sAmAjika sagAne karAvela paricaya-enapati minenDara sAthe temane thayela be sarahada uparanAM yuddhane Apela A khyAla-banne sarahadanuM Avela ulaTasulaTa pariNAma-cena pratinidhi helIoDorase kRSNabhakta tarIke UbhA karAvela taMbha vizenI mAhitI tathA te saMbaMdhI anumAne-eka pakSe vaidika matavALA zuMgapatio ane bIjA pakSe jainAcArya kAlikasUrinA netRtva nIcenI prajA ema be pakSa vacce thayela dhArmika saMgharSaNa-vATAghATamAM Avela viparIta pariNAmathI jaina prajAe dakSiNamAM karelI hIjarata nAmadhArI zuMgapatio ane temanAM rAjyanuM romAMcaka sthitimAM Avela chevaTakAnhAyanavaMzI pradhAne vizene kAMIka Apele khyAla-zugapatiene dharma tathA te uparanA premane lIdhe temaNe karelAM kAryo- zuMgavaMzI rAjAonA rAjayavistAranI ApelI TUMka samIkSA- 14 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= == = adraka Adraka ane [ caturtha 106 atyAra sudhI ApaNe e niyame kAma lIdhe gayA chIe ke prathama eka rAjakartA vaMzanA sarva rAjAonuM varNana lakhI devuM ane te saMpUrNa thayA bAda eka svataMtra pariccheda e lakhave ke jemAM te sarvenA rAjaamale thayela mAtra rAjyavistAra darzAvatI hakIkata ja AvI zake. jethI te darekanI kArakIrdImAM rahela sattA pradeza vadhyo ke ghaTyo tene samagra khyAla vAcakavargane eka vakhata UDatI najara nAMkhavAthI ja maLI rahe. A niyamathI dUra javAnuM pagaluM A paricchede prathama vakhata sakAraNa bharavuM paDayuM che. kemake je vaMzanI hakIkata atyAre ApaNe lakhI rahyA chIe te prastuta zuMgavaMzane rAjaamala ja mAtra 90 varSane che, temAM paNa mAtra eka be nRpatie ja prabhAvazALI nIvaDyA che; bAkInA bIjAo nAmadhArI ja che. temaja prabhAvazALI bhUpALA vize je mAhitI labdha thaI che te paNa ati jUja che. AvA saMgamAM thoDAM thoDAM pAnAMnAM ghaNuM pariccheda pADavA karatAM, upayogI hakIkata mAM ja keTalAka paricacheda bhinna pADavA ane bAkInuM varNana ekamAM ja samAvI devuM durasta vicAryuM che. A vicArathI agnimitra sivAyanA anya rAjAonAM vRttAMtane tathA rAjyavistAravALI hakIkatane eka ja pariccheda banAvavAmAM Avyo che. pahelAM ApaNe rAjAonAM jIvanavRttAMtavALo bhAga lakhIzuM. (2-3) adrakaeka tathA bhAga-bhAgavata jaNAvI gayA chIe tema ekalA ja baLamitra purANamAM adrakane kAMIka aMze pratApI bhAnumitrane badale baLamitra-bhAnumitra AdinA rAjA thaI gayo hovAnuM Alekhana che. temaja sarva maLIne 60 varSa che ema gaNIzuM te badhuM kauzAMbI-prabhAsamAMthI maLI ThIka baMdhabesatuM thaI jatuM jaNAya che. ane je temano Avela zilAlekha uparathI tema svIkArAya to "Adi" zabdathI siddha thAya samaya paNa sAbita thAya che ke teNe che ke, je keTalAka nAnA moTA rAjAone pitAnA rAjyanA 10-14 mAM samagra rAjyakALa sATha varSane gaNAvIe, temAMnA varSe dAna karyuM che, eTale tenuM rAjya kamamAM kama prathamanA be rAjAonAM nAma baLamitrabhAnumitra paMdarathI sattareka varSa te cAlyuM tevuM ja joIe karAvavAM. vaLI purANamAM jema adraka draka ema anumAna upara javuM paDe che. bIjI bAju tathA bhAga-bhAgavatanuM yugma gaNAvyuM che, tema jana graMthamAM zuMgavaMzI rAjAonI TIpa rajU karatAM jaina graMthamAM paNa baLamitra-bhAnumitranuM yugma puSyamitra-agnimitranA 30 varSa lakhI- baLamitra lekhAvyuM che. eTale ApaNe je purANamAMnA -bhAnumitra 60 varSa rAjya calAvyAnuM nIkaLe che; ekane 3 A baLamitra laIe te tevA ja paNa uparamAM pR. 50 thI AgaLamAM jema ApaNe bIjA bhAga athavA bhAgavatane ke je ekalAne (1) juo pu. 1. pU. ra02 thI AgaLa. (2) eTale ke puSyamitra agnimitra 5chI turata ja baLamitra bhAnumitra AvyA che. vaLI nIcenI TIkA. naM. 3 juo, ( 3) juo bu. pra. pu. 76, pR. 89, temAM vAyupurANane AdhAra evA matalabanI hakIkata lakhI che ke "rAba vasumitra edraka vanya pAmaze " eTaleke vasumitra pachI odrakanuM rAjya thaze ane ApaNe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= = = pariccheda ] bhAga-bhAgavata - 107 khAte ja purANamAM tema ja mi. vinseTa smithe lakhyuM che, tema ahIM paNa A bannenuM saMyukta 32 varSane kALa samarpe che, tene ApaNe rAjya ja 32 varSa cAlyuM che, evA bhAvArthamAM bhAnumitra TharAvavAmAM kAMI khoTuM lAgatuM nathI. te AMka lakhyo hovAnuM mAnavuM ane bAkInA paNa tema karavA jatAM eka muzkelI UbhI thAya che; rAjAonA phALe sAThamAMthI batrIsa varSane kALa kemake je purANakAranuM kathana satya TharAvAya che bAda karatAM je zeSa aThAvIsa varSa rahe che te temane te te hisAbe bIjA rAjAone rAjyakALa bAkInAne-samaya lekha. temaja A bemAMthI gaNatAM, zuMgavaMzane aMta je ma. saM. 413= ekanuM rAjya je paMdara sattara varSa cAlyAnuM ApaNe i sa. pU. 114 mAM thayo che tenAthI AgaLa jaNAvI gayA chIe te hisAbe bhAgavatane phALe vadhI javAya che. eTale eka ja upAya rahe che. bAkInA paMdara varSa nedhavA, athavA joIe te te ema ke, purANamAMnA puSyamitra-agnimitra banene samabhAge gaNI kADhI, darekane soLa ane vasumitranA saMbaMdhamAM jema teonuM eka saMyukta soLa varSa ApavAM. jethI nIce pramANe temane rAjya havAnuM gaNAvI te samayane eka samagra AMka samaya ApaNe nirNata karI zakIe chIe. (2) odraka urphe baLamitra" ma. . 353thI 19I. sa. pU. 174 thI 158=16 varSa (3) bhAga, bhAgavata urphe bhAnumitra ma. saM. 369 thI 385 i.sa. pU. 158thI 142=16 varSa kula varSa 2 jema uparamAM joI gayA chIe te pramANe vikramAditya tarIke oLakhAvyo che, je pina rAjA odrakanuM nAma baLamitra ane rAjA bhAga vAstavika lAgatuM nathI; kemake temaNe A baLa athavA bhAgavatanuM nAma mitrane gardabhIlavaMzI zakAri vikramAditya tarIke temanAM anya bhAnumitra hatuM tema anya lekhAvavA prayatna sevyo che ane te mATe emanA nAma tathA mAhitI uparathI temanAM samakAlIna paNe thayelA kAlikasUri nAmanA mahA oLakha bIjAM nAme paNa hevAnuM vidvAna jainAcAryanI kalpanAsaMkalitapaNe goThavI jANavAmAM Ave che. che. jemAMnA keTalAka muddA vAcakane daravaNIrUpa thaI AgaLa upara jaNAze ke bhAnumitra athavA paDe te mATe TI. naM. 5 mAM meM utAryA che. bhAgavatane kAzIputra-bhAgabhadranA nAmathI paNa vaLI tene TI, naM. 8 nI hakIkata sAthe joDIne te samayanA na saradAroe saMbodhe che; je vAMcavAmAM Avaze to khAtrI thaze ke rAjA tyAre eka jaina munie baLamitrane rAjA baLamitranuM je sthAna A pustakamAM ApaNe dorI nANIe chIe ke vasumitra te agnimitranA rAjya bIjI hakIkatane paNa samarthana maLe che. nIce zuddha maraNa pAmyo che eTale purANakAranuM kahevuM ema che karelI vaMzAvaLIne lagatAM rIpaNo juo, ke animitra pachI drAka nAmane rAna, vasumitra (5) jaina graMthamAM baLamitrabhAnumitra nAme che jevo ja parAkramI thaze ane tene paradezI prabasAthe jeDakAMo Ave che, ane teonI hakIkata eka bIna yuddhamAM utaravuM paDaze. sAthe bheLavI nAMkhI sAhityakAroe bhUla ubhI karI che. kharI vaLI uparanI TIkA . 2 jI. rIte te ekaja yuma thayuM che. chatAM tene be thayAM mAnI levAya (4) soLa soLa varSane samaya gaNavAthI eka te paNa temanI hakIkata chUTI pADI zakyAya mATe nIcenA

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108 temanAM nAma [ caturtha batAvyuM che te ja vyAjabIpaNe saMbhavI zake che. jyAre have ApaNe eTalo patte lagAvI zakayA chIe ke AdrakanuM nAma baLamitra ane bhAganuM nAma bhAnumitra che tyAre te benI vacce za sagapaNa saMbaMdha hatA, tathA te banne kenA putro che ? te hakIkata upara paNa zeDoghaNo prakAza meLavI zakAya tema che. eka vidvAna lekhake jaNAvyuM che ke rAjA edraka te vasumitrano putra thatA hatA ane tenI pAchaLa turata ja gAdIe beTho che; jyAre ApaNe te sAbita karI gayA chIe ke vasumitranuM mRtyu, tenA pitA agnimitranA rAjyakALe ja thaI gayuM hatuM. eTale uparanA vAkyane ema ja artha kare rahe che ke, odrakakumAra pate vasumitrane ceka putra hovAthI vasumitrane abhAva thatAM ja tenA svargastha pitAnI avejImAM yuvarAjapade niyukta keTalAka muddA cAvIo rUpe ApavAnuM yogya dhAruM chuM. nibaMdha temaNe "jena kALa gaNanA" tarIke lagabhaga baLamitra-bhAnumitra deDha se pAnAmAM prasi sAcA kalpita temAM temaNe mukhya muddo nIce pramANe jaNAvyuM. 1 samaya : ma. saM. 350 1 naM. sa. 453 che-baLa=parAma Might ane mitra=Aditya, sUrya, 2 iMgavaMzI 2 vaMzanI jaNa nathI. Sun, eTale ke baLamitra=The sun of the 3 janmathI brAhmaNa paNa 3 janmathI ja kSatriya Might athavA vikramAditya; eTale ke Lamitra te moTA bhagIradAra eTale 4 nahapAnA jamAI rUSa- vikramAdityanuM bIjuM nAma hatuM, paNa A te temaNe kSatriya jevA bhadattanI khaMDiyA rAja de reluM anumAna che; jayAre vAstavika sthiti uparanI 4 avaMtipati hAI ke. rAjya mAtra ii, na, 5 mAM batAvelI cAvImAM sAta muddA je meM samrATa bharUca jIllAnI AsatemanA sAmrAjyamAM pAsanA pradezamAM ja. darzAvyA te pramANe che. bharUca jIllAno samA. 5 jenadharmI ne temanuM kahevuM vAstavika TharAvAya te vaLI temanA teza thato hato. 6 banne rAjakuMvare che ane graMthanA kathanane ja virodha Ave che, kemake temaNe 5 vaidakadhama. bhAIo che paNa rAja- baLamitra-vikramAdityane gabhIlavaMzI TharAvyuM che jyAre 1 eka pachI eka banne. pati thayA nathI. jana graMthAe to baLamitra bhAnumitrane zugavaMzInI gAdIe beThA che. 7 gaIbhIlavALA kAlika. nAmAvaLImAM mUkyA che. uparAMta vizeSa mATe nIcenI TI. sUrinA bhANeja banA7 kAlikasUrinA saMsArI naM. 8 juo. vAyA che. pakSe bhANeja thatA hatA. (A kAlikarasUri baM. (8) kAlikasUri nAmanA jaina AcAryo keTalI (A kAlikasUri dakSiNa gALadeza taraphanA va. saMkhyAmAM thayA che te a batAvavuM asthAne che. te dezanA vatanI che.) tanI che.) anya pustake batAvAze paNa te uparathI khAtrI thaze ke, (banemAM kAlikasUri sAtheno saMbaMdha hovAthI goTALo zaMgavaMzI baLamitra ane gadaMbhIlavaMzI zAri vikramAubhe che ema samajavuM.) diya bane bhinna bhinna aitihAsika vyaktie che. 6) AmanuM nAma muni kalyANavijaya che. (9) ja, bI. e. pI. se. pu. 20, a ka. 3-4 pR. teo itihAsanA bahu ja UMDA abhyAsI che. jana 30?:-Sumitra being identical with Vasu. muniomAM je kaMI gayAgAMThayA ItihAsanA abhyA- mitra of the Puranas. Odraka was his sIe gaNAya che temAM mane dara bahu uMco son and immediate successor=YRISHA gaNAya che. vasumitra te ja sumitra hevAthI, edraka te tene (7) jue nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAnI patrikA (vasumitrane ) putra thAya tathA (tenI) pAchaLa tarata ja pu. 10, aMka 4, pR. 725 TI. naM. 44. (A Akho gAdIe Aje hate. Shree Sudhammaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- paricheda ] tathA oLakha 109 thayA hatA ane agnimitranuM maraNa thatAM pote avaMtipati banyo hato. tethI ema thaze ke agnimitranI pAchaLa tene pautra edraka-baLamitra nAma dhAraNa karI gAdIe beTho hato; ane agnimitranI pAchaLa turata ja baLamitra rAjA thaye che ema to jaina sAhitya uparathI paNa sAbita thaI gayuM che. eTale nirvivAditapaNe siddha thAya che ke, agnimitra pachI vasumitrane eka nAme je cha putra hatA te baLamitra nAmathI avaMtinI gAdIe beThA hatA. jaina graMthamAM te uparAMta ema hakIkata nIkaLe che ke, baLamitra-bhAnumitra te banne te samaye jaina dharmanA yugapradhAna gaNAtA evA ane dakSiNa dezanA vatanI kAlikasUri nAme jenecAryanI bahena bhAnumatInA putro thatA hatA. vaLI teo jAte brAhmaNa hatA; eTale ke baLamitra tathA bhAnumitra bane sagA bhAIo thatA hatA. temanI mAtAnuM nAma bhAnumatI hatuM temaja kAlikasUrinA saMsArI pakSe bhANeja thatA hatA. vaLI baLamitrabhAnumitrane adhikAra bharUca zaheravALA pradeza upara hato. jaina graMthamAMnI A sarva bInA, atyAre ApaNe jenuM vRttAMta lakhI rahyA chIe te baLamitrabhAnumitrane sarvathA lAgu paDI rahe che. matalaba ke, purANika graMthanI ane jaina graMthanI hakIkta aitihAsika ghaTanAo sAthe paraspara maLatI Ave che. eTale te sthati sarvaze satya hevAne svIkAra karI levo paDaze. vaLI AgaLa upara rajU thatI hakIkatathI ema jaNAya che ke A bhAga-bhAgavatane kAzIputra paNa kahevAtuM hatuM eTale mAtAnuM mahiyara kAzIgotrI hatuM. A hakIkatane uparanA pArAmAM jaNAvela vastu sAthe vAMcIzuM te kahevuM paDaze ke dakSiNa hiMdamAM jamInadAra varganuM koI kAzIgotravALuM brAhmaNanuM kuTuMba hevuM joIe, jenI putrIvere agnimitre potAnA yuvarAja vasumitrane paraNAvyo hato. vasumitranI A rANInuM nAma bhAnumatI kahevAya ane teNInA peTe eka ane bhAga nAme be putro anukrame janmyA hatA, je banne putro vakhata jatAM baLamitra-bhAnumitra nAme zuMgavaMzI rAjA tarIke prakhyAta thayA che. have ApaNe temanI rAjA tarIkenI kArakIrdI AlekhavAne banate prayatna maLI AvatAM sAdhane uparathI sevIzuM. vaLI jema agnimitra pite vaidika matAnuyAyI brAhmaNa hatA tema vasumitrane zvasurapakSa paNa vaidika matAnuyAyI brAhmaNa jJAtine ja hatA. agnimitranA maraNa pachI je rAjayakartAo thayA che te sarvamAM A benuM rAjya vadhAre samaya TakI raheluM jaNAya che; temanI ane jyAre zilAlekhI purAkArakIrdI vAmAM tevI hakIkata nIkaLe che tyAre ApaNe mAnavuM ja rahe che ke temanA rAjyakALe kAMIka mahatvapUrNa banAva kadAca banyA paNa haze. A vAtane grIka prajAnA (10) jIo uparanI TI, naM. 2. (11) jue temanI "kArakIdI"vALo lakhAyala parIcapha. khAsa karIne TippaNa naM. 24 ne lagatI hakIkta. (12) baLamitra-bhAmitranA mAmA kAlisUrine ApaNe janmathI brAhmaNa ( juo uparanI TI. naM. 5. tathA nIcenI TI. . 27 mAM Apela koThe tathA na, 28 nI hakIkata) ane moTA jamInadAranA putra ja lekhavA rahe che; paNa pAchaLathI aneka brAhmaNaputroe jema jina dharmanI dIkSA lIdhI che tema AmaNe paNa karyuM hatuM ane uttarottara abhyAsamAM AgaLa vadhI eka yugapradhAna AcArya banyA hatA. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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110 bhAnumitranI [ caturtha itihAsanA varNana uparathI Take maLate paNa taraphane bhAga, rAjula hataka pAMcALa tathA dekhAya che. mathurA-surasenavALo bhAga ane enTIsIelabekaTrIana rAjA miTTIesanA maraNabAda DAsane paMjAba-takSilA Adine pradeza soMpAyo tene je saradAra hiMdamAMnA tenA prAMta upara hato. A traNe yena saradAranI hakumatavALA gAdIe Avyo hato tenuM nAma minenDara hatuM. pradezanI hado thoDe ghaNe aMze paNa zuMgavaMzI DimeTrIAsanA pitA yuthI DIse ayodhyA sudhIne rAjyasattAnA pradezanI lagolaga aDatI hevAthI je keTalAka mulaka prathama meLavela hatuM, paNa prasaMgopAta temanI sAthe baLamitra ane bhAnupAchaLathI tenA ja rAjya daramyAna vasumitre bekagrI- mitrane yuddhamAM utaravuM paDatuM hatuM. anonA hAthamAMthI khuMcavI lIdhA hatA,14 te kSatrapa bhUmakanA lazkaramAM svadezamAMthI Avela sarva pradeza minenDare pAcho meLavI lIdho hato; bekaTrIana temaja sthAnika zakI leke paNa ane pitAnA te adhikAravALA mulaka upara, hatA. temAM zaka leka tIraMdAjamAM bahu pArapitAnA asala vatana-bekaTrIAnI cAlI AvatI gata ane niSNAta gaNAtA hatA. A yuddhamAM paddhati anusAra, saradAre mAraphata rAjya calA- koI zaka tiraMdAja taraphathI pheMkAyelA bANathI vavAnuM cheraNa teNe dAkhala karI dIdhuM hatuM. rAjA drikanuM-baLamitranuM maraNanIpajyuM hatuM.' AvA saradArane satra-kSatrapa kahevAmAM AvatA tene samaya ApaNe ma. saM.369=I. sa. pU. 158 hatA. temane eka bhUmaka, bIje rAjula-rAjulula- gaNa rahe che. rAjA ekanuM bharaNu nIpajavAthI rajaMbula ane trIje enTIsIelaDAsa hato. have bhAgabhAnumitra avaMtipati-rAjA thaye.19 bhUmakane bhAge rAjaputAnA, saurASTra ane siMdha teNe gAdIe besatAM potAnA brAhmaNadhama evA (13) AgaLa upara DimeTrIasanuM varNana jue. niSphaLa karI mUkavAmAM paNuM zaka prajAnI tiraMdAjIe ja (14) juo upara pR. 92. bhAga bhaja hato, (jue gabhIla vaMzanuM vRttAMta, (15) DimeTrIasa ane minenDara pite bekI- A pustakanA aMte) tema ahIM paNa zaka prajAne ja ana hatA eTale teonI sAthe tenA jata bhAIo tiraMdAjI karatAM varNavI che. alabatta, A zaka praja hiMdamAM AvIne vasyA hatA, jethI temanI prajAmAM I. sa. pU. 150 ne samayanI che. jyAre gabhIla bekIana tana dAkhala thavA pAmyuM hatuM. rAjAne samaya i. sa. 1. pa7 ne che. baMnenI vacce (16) sthAnika zabda eTalA mATe lakhavA jarUra bhale eka sadInuM aMtara che kharUM, paNa atra kahevAnI paDI che ke, I. sa. pU. chaThThI sadInA aMtamAM (I. sa. matalaba e che ke, badhI zAka ane nAme ja, nizAna pU. 120 AsapAsa) jyAre bhinnamAla nagaravALe bhAga tAvAmAM bahu kuzaLa hatI. (sthAna jodhapura rAjyane dakSiNa tathA zirohI rAjyanA (18) juo bu. pra. pu. 76, pR. 89. temAM vistAra mATe bhAga gaNAya ) va tyAre zaka vAyupurANanA AdhAre ema lakhela che ke "pachI rAna lonuM eka TeLuM siMdhamAM thaIne tyAM utarI Avela. vasumitra peThe odraka rAjya pAmaze. tene bhayaMkara te loke atre vasIne TharIThAma besI gayA hatA. temane zakonAM dhADAM sAthe vigraha thAze. pachI mahA baLavAna vasyAne A samaye traNa sadI u5rane samaya thaI zako sAthenA dArUNa saMgrAmamAM te rAna marmasthAnamAM gayo hato tethI temane " sthAnika zaka" tarIke meM bANa vAgavAthI prANa paDaze. " oLakhAvyA che. vaLI juo gabhIla vaMzanI hakIkata. ' (19) ja, bI. e. pI. se. pu. 20, aMka (17) gadaMbhIla avaMtipatinI gabhI vidyAne 3-4, pR. 296 Bhagvata is expressly styled / _ \

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pariccheda ]. kArakIdI 111 kanvavaMzanA ra0 nabIrA vAsudevane mahAamAtyapade nImI te bekagrI ane sAthe laDAI laDavA nIkaLI paDyo. be varasa upara pitAnA bhAInuM maraNa avaMtinI pazcima dizAvALA yuddhamAM thayuM hatuM tethI, temaja tyAMnuM arI-sainya ajeya dekhAtuM hatuM tethI te bAjU choDI daIne A vakhate teNe uttaranA mathurA tarapha dhyAna pahoMcADayuM hatuM. eTale kSatrapa rAjululane sAmano karavAno vAro Avyo. paraMtu pachIthI game te kAraNa maLyuM heya paNa rAjululane badale khuda minenDara bAdazAha pote ja yuddhamAM utaryo hato, jemAM minenDaranuM maraNa nIpajyu hatuM. (I. sa. pU. 156=ma. saM. 371). paNa mAnavAne kAraNe maLe che ke, rAjulule tenuM parUi NAma potAnI tarapheNamAM pheravI nAkhyuM hatuM. A pramANe lagabhaga ekIvakhate (kadAca akeka varSanuM aMtara haze paNa prajA sAthe hiMduprajAne sakhta yuddhamAM utaravuM paDayuM hevAthI te banne bAjunA yuddhane eka vakhate laDyA hovAnuM jaNAvAyuM che)e dizAmAM maMDAyelA yuddhamAM je ke zuMga2- tio ja hAryA hatA paNa phera eTalo ja ke ekamAM zuMgapati pate marAyo hato ane bIjAmAM sAmA- pakSane na bAdazAha marAyo hato. chevaTanA pariNAme zuMga sAmrAjyanI ANa uttara hiMdamAM saMkocAIne jamanA nadInA dakSiNa kinAre AvIne aTakI rahI; jyAre pazcima hiMdamAM-rajaputAnAmAM ane siMdhamAM tathA saurASTra tarapha te tenI ANane aMta AvI gayo te AvI ja gayo. pharIne ekeya bAju sattA meLavavAno prayAsa karavAmAM Avyo paNa nathI; ane AvyA hatA te ye zuMgapationI nabaLAI temAM vaLI rANIvAsanI mojamajAha tathA bhogavilAsa bhogavatAM temane phurasada paNa maLatI nahatI evI sthiti je thavA pAmI hatI te jotAM te teo keTale daraje phAvata te samajavuM eka gahana prazna ja thaI paData. atra eka hakIkatanI neMdha levI rahe che. ava tinI najIkamAM sAMcIvALA pradezamAM, ke jyAM vidizA-besanagara Avela che ane jyAM maurya vaMzI tathA zuMgavaMzI rAjAonI avaMtipati tarIke rAjagAdI hatI te sAMcInagare, atyAre ubhI rahelI sthitimAM najare paDatA eka staMbhamAM evI matalabano ullekha che ke takSazilAnA sUbA enTIAlasIDAsanA pratinidhi helIoDorAse Raja-Raja EmperorbhAgavatane spaSTa rIte rAja-rAna kahevAya che. (20) juo AgaLa upara zugavaMzanI paDatIne lagatI hakIkta. (21) pa. rIsa DevIDa potAnA racelA kavezcansa ily His GreleSi=Questions of king Milinda nAmanA pustakanA umeghAtamAM lakhe che ke " He died in camp in a campaign against the Indians in the valley of the Ganges (on the authority of Plutarch )=15 nadInI khINamAM hiMdIo sAthenA yuddha karatI veLA potAnI chAvaNImAM te maraNa pAmyo hato, (khuTArkanA lekhanA AdhAre) (22) A pramANe anumAna karavAnuM kAraNa ema maLe che ke, rAjIvale A samayathI mahAkSatrapa nAma dhAraNa karyuM lAge che, (juo tenuM vRttAMta A pustake AgaLa u5ra) paNa zuMgavaMzI bhUpatine tAbe thayuM nathI. (23) jIo u5ramAM TI. naM. 21, purANagraMthamAM be vakhata yavanonI sAthe hiMdu prajane gamakhvAra yuddha thayAnuM upara jaNAvyuM che. paheluM yuddha I. sa. 1. 197 mAM thaI gayAnuM upara jaNAvI gayA chIe; jyAre bIjI A I. sa. ma. 158-6 nuM samajavuM. A sivAya bIjuM nAnAM nAnAM yuddho te aneka thayAM che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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112 bhAnumitra [ caturtha pitAne 24 kRSNabhakata tarIke oLakhAvI tyAMnA dhine zuMgapatinI rAjadhAnI tarapha melI dIdho rAjA kAzIputra-rAjA bhAgavata pratye 25 pitAnI heya. je A anumAna pramANe banavA pAmyuM bhakti-tAbedArI ke mitrAcArI batAvI che. hoya te A banAvane samaya I. sa. pU. 158 A banAva kema banavA pAmyo haze te mATe koI ane 156 nI vacce eTale ke I. sa. pU. majabUta kAraNa zodhI zakAtuM nathI, paNa kadAca 157; athavA te te yuddha pachI lAgalA suratanA ema banavA yogya che ke, bAdazAha minenDaranA ja eTale ke I. sa. pU. 158 nI Akharano traNa saradAre ApaNe uparamAM jaNAvyA che gaNavo paDaze. temAMnA eka bhUmake te parAkrama batAvI rAjA upara pramANe takSazilAnA saradAranI sthiti edrakanuM maraNa nIpajAvyuM hatuM, jyAre bIjA banavA pAmI hoya vA na paNa banavA pAmI yuddhamAM bAdazAha khudanuM maraNa nIpajyuM hatuM hoya, paNa eTaluM te cakkasa thAya che jo ke, ( pachI laDatAM laDatAM ke kudaratI rIte mAMdo paDIne A arasAmAM eka bAju bekaTIana zahenazAha maraNa pAmyo te barAbara kahI zakAya tema nathI) helIkalsanI sattA temanA vatanamAM-eTale eTale takSazilAnA saradArane ema lAgyuM heya bekaTrIovALA pradezamAM-nAbUda thaI gaI hatI ke jyAre khUda bAdazAhane paNa A navA zuMga- ke thaI javAnI aNI upara AvI pahoMcI hatI, pati-bhAnumitre mArI nAMkhyo che eTale mathurA ane bIjI bAbu ahIM hiMdamAM, temanA saradAra vALo saghaLo pradeza have tenA tAbe ja gayo pratinidhi athavA bAdazAha jevo gaNAte rAjA kahevAya; jethI krame krame te potAnA paMjAba tarapha minenDara maraNa pAmyo hato. eTale temanA hiMdI dhasI Avaze ja; ane jo tema thayuM te potAne mulako upara nimAyelA kSa-uttare mathurAmAM mahAyuddhamAM utaravuM paDaze. ane pariNAmamAM, jema rAjulula, pazcime rAjaputAnAmAM bhUmaka, ane paMjAbAdazAhanuM bharaNa nApavu tema kadAca pitAnuM bamAM enTIAlasADAsanA sthAne have gaThavAyelo bhaviSya paNa banI jAya; mATe pANI AvIne nAza kusulaka lIaka-te traNe kSatrapoe 6 mahAkSatrapanAM kare te pahelAM ja pALa bAMdhI levAya te zuM khoTuM? pada dhAraNa karI svataMtratA jAhera karI dIdhI hatI. AvI dhAraNAthI, zuMgapati tarapha vaphAdArI batA- minenDaranA maraNa pachI ane upara pramAvavA tathA tenA dharma pratye pote paNa bhakti senA saradAre mahAkSatrapa banI beThA pachI, ezadharAve che ema batAvavA kAje potAnA pratini- ArAmamAM Azare caudaka varSa rAja karI aMte (24) c. H. I. P. 558:-(Antialcidas). created in honour of Krishna Vasudeva, a stone column at Bespagar (Bhilsa ) by the yayana ambassador Haliodoruswho had come to king Kashiputra Bhagbhadra, then in the 14th year of his reign=kAzIputra bhAgabhadra rAjana rAye 14 mAM vasanagara jillAnagare yavana pratinidhi halAoDarase kRSNAvAsudevanA mAnamAM eka moTo pattharano staMbha ume (enTIAlasIdAsa taraphathI) karAvyuM hatuM. (25) A kAzIputra-rAna bhAgavata keNa kahevAya te mATe upara "temanA anya nAmo evA pArigrApha juo. (26) A hakIkatamAM thoDo thoDo pheraphAra karavA paDe tema che te have pachI lakhavAmAM AvatAM temanA jIvana caritre juo. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] nI kArakIdI 113 ma. saM. 385 I. sa. pU. 142 mAM rAjA bhAnumitra maraNa pAmyA hatA. daramyAna je ukti che ke, "navaruM nakheda vALe" te pramANe vastusthiti banavA pAmI hoya ke pachI tAtkAlika prasaMgane laIne tema banavA pAmyuM heya-(vadhAre saMbhava pAchalI sthiti javAbadAra hovAne che) paNa evuM banyuM hatuM ke rAjA bhAnumitrane eka bhAnuzrI 7 nAmanI bahena hatI. tene pitAnI ja sattA nIce AvelA evA bharUca baMdare 28 paraNAvI hatI ane tene baLabhAnuM nAma putra-hato. A baLabhAnue, rAjA bhAnumitranA saMsArI pakSe je mAmA thatA hatA te jainAcArya zrI kAlikari pAse, bharUcamAM ja jaina dIkSA dIdhI 29 heya ema saMbhave che. ane te prakaraNa avaMtipatinA kAne pahecatAM, pachI potAnI ja icchAthI ke kAnhAyana pradhAnanI bhaMbheraNathItemaNe evo hukama pharamAvyo hato ke kAlikasUrie pitAnI hakumatavALA pradezanI hada bahAra cAlyA javuM. pAchaLathI vATAghATa thatAM evI sUcanA karavAmAM AvI ke varSARtunuM cAturmAsa besI gayuM che tathA jaina dharmane niyama che ke temanA sAdhuthI cAturmAsamAM vihAra karI zakAya nahIM tethI te hukamane amala teTale vakhata mokupha rAkha; paNa sattA AgaLa zANapaNa khapamAM AvatuM nathI te pramANe hukamanI bajavaNI amalamAM mUkavI paDI; jethI bhara mAse kAlikA ( 27 ) animitra samrATa - dakSiNa dezanA kaI (kAzIgetrI) bAhANuM baLAnuM vasumitra bhAnumatI..rANI bhAnumatI bhaNya baMdara pAchaLathI koI brAhmaNa kAlikasUri thayA che; jamInadAra vera prakhyAta jainAcArya; eka bhAnumitra bhAnuzrI paraNAvI hatI ma. sa. 176=I. sa. 1. 151 baLamitra (A traNe kAlikarinA bhANeja kahevAya ) temaNe bhANejInA putrane jana dIkSA dIdhI hatI (28) saMbhava che ke bhAnuzrIne zvasurapakSa eTale bharUcanA rAna tarIke (juo uparanI TIkA naM. 5) baLabhAnunA pitA vigere vaidaka dharmanuyAyI haze; eTale jaina graMthomAM varNavela che. paNa kharI rIte te teo jyAre baLabhAnune, jaina dIkSA dIdhI tyAre be pakSa vacce avaMtipati ja che. te vakhate bharUca baMdaranI khyAti kaDavAza UbhI thaI ja kahevAya ane rAja pote baLabhAnane AkhA hiMdanA eka AgaLa paDatA baMdara tarIke cAla mAmo thato hovAthI nArAja thAya eTale pitAnuM mana dhAyuM thaI gayela hovAthI tenuM gaiArava vizeSa paDatuM hatuM teTalA kare te khItuM ja che. jethI vaidika rAjanI vacce mATe temane avaMtipati kahevA karatAM bharUcanA na ane kAlikasUri je jainadhamAM prajanA eka dhamagura tarIke oLakhAvAyA lAge che. hatA te mananI vacce, A prakaraNane pheMsale kema lAva (30) bharUca ane avaMti vaccenuM aMtara, te te bAbata vATAdhATa cAle te samajI zakAya vakhatanAM sAdhano temaja ana tathA rAna vaccenuM prakaraNatema che. A traNa bAbatane vicAra karatAM lAge che ke be traNa (29) AthI karIne A balamitra-bhAnumitrane mAsa kamamAM kAma vItI gayA haze, 15 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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114 zugavaMza [ caturtha sUrine avaMtipatinI 1 hada cheDIne dakSiNa dezanA paThaNa-pratiSThAnapura tarapha vihAra karavo paDyo hato. sAthe keTalIka jaina prajA hIjarata paNa karI gaI hatI. dakSiNamAM jaI, dharmopadeza ApI aMdhapatine temaNe pAcho jaina dharmamAM daDha banAvyo ane keTalAka ati agatyanA pheraphAra karyA. A pramANe avaMtimAM jaina ane vaidika mata vaccenuM aMtara vadhatuM cAlyuM hatuM; jyAre paNumAM vaidika matanuM ghaTI jainanuM jora vadhAre jAmavA pAmyuM hatuM. (4 thI 7) zugavaMzanI rahIsahI sattAna ane chevaTa rAjA bhAgavata bhAnumitranA maraNa bAda te mAtra nAmadhArI ja rAjAo AvyA lAge che. ane te paNa badhA IdriyabhegavilAsamAM ja rAcyAmAccA rahI pitAnA divase nirgamana karatA hatA. vaLI temanA kanvavaMzI pradhAnae. I. sa. pU. 157 mAM pradhAnavaTuM hAtha dharyuM tyArathI te zuMgavaMzane aMta I. sa. pU. 114 mAM Avyo tyAMsudhInA 43 varSanA gALAmAM temanA vaMzanA cAra purUSe peDhI dara peDhI utAra pradhAnapada upara AvI gayA hatA. te cAre pradhAno paNa zithilAcArI ja nIvaDyA hatA. eTale prajA paNa cAritryanA pAlanamAM cheka nIce daravAje utarI gaI hatI. cayA nA tathA prajJA' nA nyAye AkhuM vAtAvaraNa ja 35 saDeluM thaI gayuM hatuM. ma. saM. 385=I. sa. pU. 1ra bAda zuMgavaMza mAtra 28 varSa cAlI ma. sa. 413=I. sa. pU. 154 mAM khatama tha che. A 28 varSanA kALamAM cAra rAna thavA pAmyA che. vAyupurANanI keTalIka prate meLavI, tene zuddha ane saMzodhita (31) jaina sAhitya graMthamAM "avaMtipatinI hada ne badale " avaMtinI hada" evA rAbda lakhAyA che. jyAre kharI sthiti A pramANe che. chatAM e avaMtinI ja hada choDavAnI pharaja paDI hatI evI sthiti hAya. te dIkSAne prasaMga ke kAlikasUrinuM comAsu-te bemAMthI ekabharUcane badale avaMti nagarImAM hatuM ema samajavuM. (32) jaina sAdhuethI cAturmAsamAM vihAra karI zakAto nathI te kharUM che. paNa A te rAjahukama hatA eTale tene " AgAra-chUTa" gaNI kAlika sarijha dakSiNa dezanA paiThaNa nagara tarapha upaDI gayA hatA. (33) caMdravaMzI prathamanA cha sAta rana jana dhamAM hatA. pachI pataMjalI mahAzayanI deravaNIthI zAta- karaNI bIjAe vaidika dharma aMgikAra karyo hato. tenA be cAra vaMzane te dharmamAM rakata hatA; paNa pachIthI yupacu thavA mAMDayA hatA. chevaTe A rAjae, potAnA pUrvajoe mAnya rAkhela jena dharma punaH aMgikAra karyo hato. (34) A pheraphAra jana saMpradAyane sparatA che tethI atre jaNAvavA AvazyakatA dekhAtI nathI. paNa atre te TUMkamAM eTalI ja noMdha karavAnI ke kAlidarAri nAmanA traNa janAcAryo thayA che. teone lagatI ghaTaka chUTaka hakIkata ghaNAM graMthamAM Avela che, paNa badhAne samagra rIte evI hoya che ane samAlocaka tarIke anveSaNa karavAne saraLatA thaI paDe tema vicAravI hoya, to kAzInI lAgaNI pracAra sabhAnA pramukha mahAzaya tyAre temane adhikAra cheDI nivRtta thayA tyAre temane satkAra karavA je dvivedIabhinaMdana graMtha temane arpaNa karavAmAM Ave che (saM. 1990=I. sa. 1934) temAM eka lekha munizrI kalyANavijayajIe (juo uparanI TIkA naM. 6 tathA 7,) lagabhaga 25 pAnAMne, nibaMdha rUpe lakhyuM che te juo. alabatta, temanA keTalAMka maMtavyathI huM judo paDuM chuM kharA, paNa kahevuM paDaze ke te viSaya temaNe bahuja ane rIte karyo che. (35) jUo gata paze "niSpanna thatI eka riyati'vALA pAligrAmanuM varNana.

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pariccheda ] nI samApti karI vidvAna lekhaka mahAzaya divAnabahAra calAvyo nathI ja, kemake, nahIM te te avaMtipatinI kezavalAla harSadarAya dha ve je nAmAvaLI buddhi- nAmAvalImAM ma. saM. 1thI 470 sudhInA lAMbA prakAza nAmanA mAsikanAM pu 76 mAM goThavI samayamAM koI ne koI samaye kayAMka khAMce paDI che te pramANe cheSanA 3, vasumitranA 7, oka- ja jarUra najare paDatA ja. paNa te pAMca sadI kanA 7 ane devabhUtinA 10 maLI kula 27 jeTalo kALa te akhaMDa rAjavadhArI pRthapha pRthapha varSa gaNAvyAM che. paNa temAnAM ekakanuM nAma vaMzI rAjAothI ja dIpI rahela jayAre nIhALIe te ApaNe upara laI gayA chIe, eTale tene chIe tyAre khAtrIpUrvaka svIkAravuM ja rahe che ke sthAne teTalA ja varSanA adhikArI ane temaNe kAnhAyana vaMzane rAjatvanA pada sAthe bIlakula ja sUcavelA pUkiMdikanuM nAma ApaNe mUkIzuM. nisabata jevuM nathI ja. tema bIjI bAju A pramANe cAra rAjA ane 27 varSane mULa vinA zAkhA kayAMthI?' te nyAyathI sarva samagra rAjyakALa temane samajavo raheze. purANukAnAM matane paNa ekadama tarachoDI bhinna bhinna purANakAronAM lakhANane kema zakAya ? bhale temAM ghaNuM atizayokti ja anubhava ApaNe jotAM AvyA chIe tema, haze, chatAM kAMIka satyAMza te hevuM joIe ja. itihAsanI ekaMdara gaNanAe te kasoTImAMthI A sarva pakSanA no samanvaya karatAM eka ThIka ThIka pAsa utarI zake che. temAM asatya- kalpanA karI zakAya che ke, jema kaTAra tAnuM bahu mizraNa karela dekhAyuM nathI. mAtra Ara. jI. bhAMDArakara sAheba mAne che tema samayagaNanAnI daSTi dareke judA ja prakAra prahaNa zaMgavaMzI ane konyAyanavaMzI bane samakAlInakarela hevAthI, temanAmAM matamatAMtara najare paDe paNe ja mukhyabhAge vartI rahyA haze; vaLI kebrIja che. chatAM eka hakIkatanI nedha levI paDe che ke, hisTarI opha InDiyAmAM pR. parara upara lakhela dareka purANa ema je vadayAM kare che ke zuMgapatinA che ke, "Kanvas are expressly called pradhAnapade kAnhAyanavaMzI brAhmaNa hatA ane mivisters of the Sungas: these Sungas temAMne mukhya athavA Adi-purUSa vAsudeva & Kanvas seem to be also contempotAnA svAmIne mArIne avaMtinI gAdI upara porary=kone acuka rIte zuMgenA amAtyo che be hatA te hakIkata keTale daraje yathArtha che kahevA paDe che. A ane kanyA samakAlIna paNe eTaluM te tapAsavuM paDe tema che ja. ApaNe thayA dekhAya che''=A pramANe bhinna bhinna lekhanuM uparanAM pAnAMomAM anya itihAsikanI sAkSI maMtavya ekatrita karatAM, evA sAra upara AvavuM laI sAbita karyuM che ke kAnhAyanavaMzI koI puruSe paDe che ke kAnhAyanavaMzI prathama para-vAsudeve, avaMtinI gAdI u5ra rAjA pade rahIne sattAdhikAra tenA chellA rAjA devabhUtine mAryo hato ema nahIM, (1) e pu. 1, 5. 202, ( ) ja, e, bI. vI. se. pu. 20, aM. 34, 5, 24ti-vAyupurANanI eka pratamAM lakhela che che, vibhaminI mANAmAM rahIne vivaMzI nabIrAo hakamata calAvatA hatA (eTale devabhUmi ucA adhikA 10 mod 414 )=one copy of the Vayu. purana states that Kanwa ruled with the permission of Devabhumi. vaLI vadhu vigata mATe paranI rIkA na, 20 tuM .. varNana e. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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16 paNa kAntAyana vaMzI chellA maMtrI sumazana jyAre adhikAra upara hatA, tyAre chellA zuMga rAna evA devabhUtinekAi anya vyaktie mAryo hatA ke matrIe anya vyakti pAse marAbyA hatA; ane A sava samaya daramyAna kAntAyana vazI zuMgavazInA amAtya-maMtrI tarIke adhi kAra upara sthApita rahyA hatA. eTale ke avaMtinI gAdI upara khA zuMgavaMzI vaidikadharmI rAjA temaja kanvavaMzI vaidikadharmI amAtyA-sahadharmAMpaNepurANakArAnAM kathana pramANe avaMtinA pradeza upara adhikAra bhAgavI rahyA hatA. jethI ApaNe temanu lIsTa nIce pramANe mUkI zakIzuM. zuMgavazAta *nvAyana40 avaMtipatio amAtyA (3) bhAnumitra (4) yAtra (5) puliki 16 vAsudeva ra 4 bhUmimitra 13 nArAyaNa 12 no zuMgavaza (38) *tihAsAe je ema jaNAvyuM che ke A sucanane adhavacanA sthApaka zrImukhe mAryA che te hIta bahu mAnanIya nathI lAgatI. ane tema mAnavAnuM kAraNa mArA mata pramANe A haoNtrA sa bhatra che. hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM khAravela, zrImukha ane bRhaspatimitrane samakAlIna aa che, temAnAM bRhaspatimitrane puSpamitra mAnI levAthI zrImukhane paNa puSpamitrane samAlIna batAvavA mATe dhaDa besADavI neie. eTale puSpamitrane badale tenA javAnA chellA purUSa devabhUmine mImukhe mAryo evu zaLyuM. tyAM vaLI kAnvAcana vacana nAma mATe AvyuM; eTale vaLI devabhUmine mAranAra surAna DhALyA ane baMne vazane contemporary=samakAlInapaNe mAnI laIne, surAmanane mAranAra take mImukhane TharAvavA paDayA. Ama anumAna upara anumAna bAMdhavAM paDamAM, paNa mAkharuM, khATuM te khATu ja Dare che, te nyAye sava anumAna khoTAM che te ApaNe puSpamitranuM vaNa na lakhatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. bAkI te samaye vaikiMmatanu prakhaLa zera hovAthI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (6)vasumitrakhIne 7 ane (7) devabhUti 10 [ caturthAM suzarmana 10 41 YY A sarve zRgapati AgaLa jAvI gayA pramANe vyabhicArI jIvana gALatA ane bhAgavilAsamAM ja racyApacyA rahetA. te sarvemAM vaLI chellA devabhUti tA eka chegu era caDI jAya tevA haraze ema samajAya che. tenA vize mi. vinseTa smitha lakhe che. 342 " In a frenzy of passion, the overlibidinous Sunga was at the instance of his minister Vasudeva, reft of his life by a daughter of Devabhuti's slavewoman, disguised as his queen. ( Bana, Harsa Charit Ch, vi; trans, Corell Thomas P. 193. )jJabhiyAramAM kAnvAcana vaMzI cAre vyaktine zuMgavIrAjanA amAtya kahI zakAya kharA, ( 39 ) ttu pA, DI, pU, padma, (40) ja, bAM, moM, rA. e. se| 1929, pR. 46 zuMgavazI chellA rAkha devabhUtine, krAntAyana getrI tenA pradhAne ja mArI na'khAnyeA hateA=Devabhuti, the last of the Sungas was put to death by his own minister of the Kanvayan gotra" (41) atipati ane tenA kanvazI mamA tA-bannenA kALa lagabhaga eka sarakhA ja che. temAM amAtyanA samagra kALa 44-45 varSanA gaNAya che, jyAre na, 4 thI 7 sudhInA jIgavaMzI rAjanA samagra 28 varSanA ja che. eTale bAkInAM dhaTatAM 16 varSa bhAnumitrane apavA neie. kAI ThekANe meM 15 lakhyAM che tene badale 16 athavA 17 lakhavAthI badhA meLa besI jaze. (42) ma, hiM. I. Ada. 3, 5 20463. hi. 4. pu. parara. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] nI samApti 117 DUbelA te zuMgapati devabhUtine, vAsudeva nAmanA Adi thavAne paNa haju teTale samaya bAkI hatuM tenA pradhAnanI zIkhavaNIthI, rANanAM kapaDAM pahe- ema dhAravuM ja rahe che. matalaba e thaI ke, rAvIne mekalela dAsInI sAthe viSayanI ghelachAmAM adyApi paryata sArA hiMdamAM je traNa dharmo ja teNInA hAthe mArI nakhAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. paLAtA AvatA hatA tene te ja traNa dharmo haju (bANaracita harSacaritra pra. 6; anuvAda kAvela prajAdharma tarIke cAlu rahyA hatA. temAMye bauddha ane zemasa pR. 19..) dharma rAjadharma tarIke te kevaLa mauryasamrATa A pramANe zuMgavaMzano aMta avaMtipati azokavardhananA samaye ja pUrajozamAM ane jAhetarIke ma. saM.=I. sa. pU.114mAM AvI gayuM che. jalAlI bhagate mAlUma paDyo hato tyArapachI avaMtinI gAdI devabhUtinA maraNa bAda tenuM kAMI astitva ja jANe na hoya tema luptakhAlI paDatAM, kayA vaMzane kayo rAjA te pada prAyaH thaI javA pAmyuM hatuM. eTale pachI bAkI upara birAjavAne bhAgyavaMte thayo hato te vicAravA rahyA mAtra be ja dharma; eka vaidika jANavAnuM sAdhana ApaNane jaina graMthe pUruM pADe ane bIje jaina. che; ane te hakIkatane nikAnA abhyAsathI temAM zuMgavaMzanA Adi pu-puSyamitra, Take maLe che, eTale te vAtane ApaNe svIkAra agnimitra ane vasumitranA jIvanavRttAMta lakhatAM ja karavo rahe che. A bhAgyazALI purUSa te ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke temanA samaye bIjo koI nahIM paNa zaka rAjA-nahapANa hate. rAjapurohita pataMjalI mahAzaya je mahAte kevI rIte gAdI meLavI zakyA, ane tenI bhASyakAra tarIke prakhyAta thayela chetemanA utpatti zI rIte thaI te sarva hakIkata jANavAne netRtvamAM ane sAnidhyamAM azvamedha yajJa karavAmAM hiMdanI bhUmi upara je paradezIonAM AkramaNa AvyA hatA tathA jaina bhikSukenA ake zira tathA caDAIo thaI hatI temane ApaNe prathama mATe se se dinAranuM InAma jAhera karavAmAM chatekhAba rajU kara paDaze; teTaluM samajatAM AvyuM hatuM. eTale te vaidika dharmamAM mAnanArA veta kSatrapa nahapANane kAMIka paricaya paNa hatA ema pUravAra thaI gayuM ja kahevAya. tema ApoApa khulle thaI jaze. te hakIkata lakhavAnuM zaMgavaMzanA aMtamAM thaelA purUnAM vRttAMta cheDe vakhata mulatavI rAkhI, zuMgavaMzanI keTalIka lakhatAM paNa evI ja hakIkata jAhera thai che bAbate ApaNe prahaNa karelI zelI anusAra ke temaNe jainAcArya kAlimUrine cAturmAsa A graMtha AlekhanamAM je jaNAvavI bAkI rahe pUrNa thAya tyAM sudhI vihAra karavA mATeno hukama che te varNavI daIzuM. mulatavI rAkhavAnI prajAnI kAkaludIbharelI ane zuMmavaMzane aMta I. sa. pU. 114 mAM taddata AvatApUrNa arajane paNa Thekare AvyuM che eTale tenA astitvane aMtima samaya mArI hatI. eTale te bInA paNa sAbitI Ape I. sa. pU. nI bIjI sadInA che ke teone rAjadharma paNa vidika ja hate. temane dharma aMtane kahevuM paDe che ane have jyAre Adi ane aMtima samaye teo isavInA pUrvanI vAta thaI vedika matAnuyAyI hatA ema sAbitI maLe che eTale IsavI sananI zarUAta ke khristI dharmanI tyAre te AkhA vaMzane rAjadharma vedika ja

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118 hatA ema ApaNe nisakAca ane bulaMda avAje kahIe te| jarA ce khATuM nathI. A pramANe spaSTa uccAraNu thatAM A pAriAk sa pUrNa thaye gaNuAya; chatAM keTalIka bAbate je dharmanA nAma mAtranI sAthe jo ke saMbadha nathI dharAvatI paNa tenI asara-athavA temAMthI nIpajatA pariNAma rUpe kahI zakAya tevI aitihAsika dhaTanAo che. tevI hakIkatAne te A sthAna varjhane anya sthaLe jaNAvavI ayukta gaNAya, mATe tenA ullekha atre ja karIzuM', zugavaza je aitihAsika ghaTanAnA atra ullekha karavAnuM upara sUcana karyuM che te paradezI prajAnAM AkramaNane lagatI che. atyAra pahelAM teoe hiMda upara kAMI humalA naheAtA ja karyAM ane zuMgavaMzanA rAjya amale ja prathama karyAM hatA. evuM tA nathI ja; chatAM ahIM vAcakavarganu je khAsa dhyAna kheMcavA jarUra paDI che tenAM keTalAMka viziSTa kAraNe che. eka kAraNa te e ke havethI teo hiMdane potAnA mATe kAyama vasavATa tarIkenuM sthAna karavA mathatA hatA; tenAM cihna pragaTa thaye jatAM hatAM. kAi paNa manuSya vyakti mATe svAbhAvika ja che ke, tenI jagyA upara kAI jo humalA ke AkramaNu lAve, te te peAtAnI sarva zaktinA upayAga karI tene sAmanA kare ne kare ja; temAM ahIM teA eka sAdhAraNa manuSya karatAM rAja karatA AkhA vaza ne vaza raho; ane sAmA pakSe pazu samUhagata eka meTI prajAnu Atha rahyuM; eTale sAmanAnA prakAra ane raMgamAM judA ja dekhAva najare paDe. sAmAnyataH ( 4 ) nu agnimitranuM jIvanavRttAMta, khanne azvamedha yajJa AdaratI vakhatanI rAjakIya paristhiti. (42) e rAj bhAgavatanuM vRttAMta (43) rAjA kalkina vRttAMta juo, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ caturthAM evA niyama hoya che ke, laDatA khe pakSamAMthI eka jarAka namatu' Ape ke khIjo tene peAtAnu dhyeya sacavAI gayuM samajI, vAtane saDhelI levAnu pagalu' bharavA mAMDe, tathA arasaparasamAM samajutI thavAnA pajaraNa maMDAya ane pariNAme te praka raNanA aMta AvI jAya; pazu ahIM teA laDatA banne pakSeA vacce judI ja paristhiti mAlUma paDe che. tema bIjA kAraNamAM jyAre azvamedha yajJa karavAnI pRcchA ane tenA dheADAnI aTakAyatamAMthI yuddhanu kATI nIkaLavu,41 temaja yAna saradAranA eka pratinidhie sAmA pakSanA rAjanagare AvI tyAM temanA dharma taraph bhaktibhAva dAkhavatA staMbhanuM UbhuM kara karAvavu, anya dharmI bhakatAnA ekeka zira sATe mAru inAma jAhera karavA jevI maneAdazAnuM jAhera thavu,43 vigere vigere dharmAMtI mAnInatA saMbaMdhInA praznonA vicAra karIe chIe tyAre tenA UMDANumAMthI A saLI paristhitinA Ukela maLI AvatA hoya ema jaNAya che. vastutaH sAra e nIkaLe che ke 'gava'zI rAjAonI laDAiomAM, rAjakAraNuMnA karatAM prathama dharmaprema ane pachI AgaLa vadhatAM dharmAMdhelachA tathA dhArmika asahiSNutA mAM* vadhAre aMze javAbadAra jaNAi Ave che, ane ApaNA A anumAnanI pratItirUpa e haDDIkatathI samana maLe che ke vaidika dharmanA graMthakartAoe-jevA ke purANakArAe tathA rAjatara'giNikAra 5. tArAnAthe-khA yAna prajA anAya nahIM haiAvA chatAM paNa prasaMgApAta temanuM varcuna karatAM temanA mATe kavacit kavacit parade (44) Aya' anAya vizenI samannati, tathA AkramaNakArAnAM nAma, utpatti, vasAha, vikAsa ane vRttAMta vigere have pachInA khaMDamAM ApaNe ApIzuM. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] ' mleccha ' 45 zabdanA prayAga karye rAkhyA che. zugapationI A pramANenI dhArmika asahikrutA game teTalI AkarI hatI, temaja temAMthI game teTalI vilAsapriyatA prajAjanamAM phelAI javA pAmI hatI ane duHkhada pariNAmI nIvaDI hatI; chatAM je temanI eka ujjvaLa bAjU hatI ane je haMmezAM bhAratIya itihAsamAM sonerI akSare ja kAtarAI rahevI joie tathA jene ullekha ApaNe uparamAM eka vAra karI paNa gayA chIe tene karIne ahIM jaNAvavI ja paDe che ke, je cIvaTathI, khatathI ane vizeSataH tA hiMdIpaNAnI dhagazathI temaNe potAnuM sarvasva hemI dRSTa, A dhasI AvatI. paradezI prajAne sAmaneA karyAM che; te je na karyAM hAta ke temAM nyUnatA dAkhavI hAta teA sArAye bhAratavanA te pachInA tihAse juduM ja svarUpa dhAraNu karyuM hota, zu'gava'zI rAjAonA rAjya vistAra nI samApti AkhA vaMzanA rAjyakALa mULe to 90 varSanA ja che. ane purANukAranA kahevA pramANe 112 varSanA che, paNa temAM prathamanA 22 varSa puSyamitranA rAjavanA adhikAra vinAnA che eTale saravALe vAta teA 90 varSanA samaya pata te vaMzanI satA cAlu rahI hatI te sUtra ja mAnya rAkhavu paDe che. ATalA TUMka samayamAM bhale rAjAnI saMkhyA sAtanI athavA keTalAkanA mate navanI gaNAya che, chatAM mukhya adhikAra bhAgavatA ane kArakIrdinI jAheojalAlIvALA tA mAtra e ja rAjAe gaNI zakAya tema che. eka samrATa agnimitra ane bIjo rAnna khaLa ( 45 ) ekadama prAcIna samaye upaniSadnI utpatti viro ke A zabdanI vaparAza viSe tA kAMI ja mAhitI nathI; chatAM A samaye (I, sa, pU.nI bIjI sadImAM, hu te 'yavana ae rA' tevA ja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 119 mitra-bhAnumitra, te sivAyanA bAkI sarve nAmadhArI nIvaDyA che. vaLI puSyamitra ane vasu mitra jevA tA agnimitranA samakAlInapaNe thayela hAine tenI aMtargata gaNI levA paDe che; eTale mAtra enA rAjyavistAra vize ja atra paricaya ApavA rahe che. A be rAjAonAM jIvanavRttAMta lakhatI vakhate temanA samaya daramyAna je je yuddo temane khelavAM paDayAM che ane temAM teoe je je pATha bhajavyA che tathA te te darekamAM je je piraNAma AvyAM che te te sarva vistArapUrvaka te te ThekANe ApaNe jaNAvI dIdhAM che, eTale have atra jaNAvavuM kAMi bAkI rahetuM ja nathI. chatAM ApaNe grahaNa karelI lekhanapaddhati anusAra jyAre ahIM te vize IsArA karavAnu dhAraNa ApaNe pakaDavuM paDe che tyAre TUMkamAM ja tenu varNana karI laizuM. maurya sAmrAjyanA aMta AvyA tyAre atinI hada vamAna kALe madhyahidI ejansI tarIke oLakhAtA mulakavALA pradezamAM ja lagabhaga samAI jatI hatI ane teTalA nAnA pradeza rahyo hovA chatAM te upara vAyavya dizAethI dhasI AvatI paradezI yAnaprajAnA DeALA paDI rahyo hatA. eTale teTalo rahyosahyo bhAga paNa hiMdI rAjAonA hAthamAMthI jo sarakI javA pAmaze tathA sArA hiMdanuM nAka gaNAtA atipradeza upara paradezI hakumata jo sthApita thai jaze to temanuM sainyapatipaNuM vageAvAyAnI sAthe sAthe zuM mADhu lakhane teo duniyA pAse khaDA rahI zakaze? te zabdo vaparAtA hatA. bAkI mleccha ' zabda te I. sa. nI sAtamI sadImAM hIjarI saMvatanI sthApanA thai te bAda hajI vaparAtA thayo che. ane tethI ja rAjatara`giNIkAra te vAparyo lAge che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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20. zugavaMza [ caturtha vicAre agnimitranuM lehI bahu ukaLI AvavAthI teNe pitAnA svAmInuM khUna karAvI rAjyanI lagAma pitAnA hAthamAM laI lIdhI hatI. sattAmAM rahela pradezamAM prathama krame krame daTatA sthApavI ane pachI je hAthamAM Ave te mulaka svAdhIna laI rAjyane viratAra vadhAryo ja. A prakAranI yuti teNe ajamAvavA mAMDI hatI eTale te rAjanItine anusarIne uttara hiMdanA je je prAMtamAM prajAe pagapesAro karI vALyA hatA te sarve bhAge lagabhaga pitAne AkhA rAjakALa daramyAna teNe khAlI karAvI nAMkhyA hatA, paNa tenuM maraNa thatAM baLamitrabhAnumitra gAdIe AvyA ane teo prabhAvavaMtA hovAthI jevI ne tevI sthitinabhI rahevA pAmI hatI : paNa teo pAchA sakriya jiMdagI bhogavatAM baMdha patro, ke pAchA TAMpI rahelA na saradArae phA karavA zarU karyA ane jeTalI bhUmi guMgavaMzanI adimAM temane vArasAmAM maLI hatI teTalI ja lagabhaga pAchI temanI pAchaLa AvanArAone sepIne teo rAjakIya kSetramAMthI adazya thaI gayA,

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Jiu Jiu Jiu SaSThama khaMDa Pian Pian Pian Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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? 'like ka ' ifer che. E I'; C prathama pariccheda paradezI humalAo ke sAra-i. sa. pU.nI chaThThI sadIthI trIjI sadI sudhImAM hiMda upara thaela. traNa paradezI humalAonI Apela Traka nedha tathA tene itihAsa-te pachI AkramaNa lAvanAra pAMca paradezI prajAnA nAmane ullekha-te pAMce prajAnI utpatti-tenI spaSTapaNe samajaNa paDe te mATe prAcIna graMthakAree varNavelA jaMbudvIpa ane zAkahIpanuM bhaugolika daSTie kareluM varNana tathA gaNitazAstranI rItie temanI bAMdhI ApelI hada-zAkadvIpane lagatI vizeSapaNe ApelI mAhitI-zakaDhIpa, zAkaDhIpa ane zAsthAna nAmanA zabdomAM rahela bhedanuM karI Apela darzana ane te uparathI darzAvI Apela ItihAsamAM UbhI thaela guMcavaNe temanA utpattisthAnamAMthI prAcIna prajAnuM kevI rIte saraNa thayuM tenuM Apela saMkSipta rekhAcitra-ATalAM prAcIna vivaraNa bAda te pAMce prajAnAM vartamAnakALe banI rahela vasatIsthAna vigerenI Apela saMkSipta samIkSA tathA oLakha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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14 paradezI AkramaNA bhala hiMdanI samRddhi tathA jAheAjalAlI bhakSAnuM mana paNa kevuM caLAvI nAMkhe tevI che. sa. pU. chaThThA saikAmAM hatI te ApaNe A pustakanI zarUAtamAM joi paNa gayA chIe; temaja hiMdanI pazcime AvelA prAMtA jene hAla paMjAba ane sarahadanA prAMtA kahevAya che, tene te samaye mAMdhAra ane kakhAja kahevAtA hatA tathA te upara rAjA pulusAkInI sattA hatI. vaLI i. sa. pU 551 nA arasAmAM potAnA mitra, magadhapati samrATa zreNikane maLavA jatAM heDa paradezI humalAnA itihAsa ( 1 ) C. H. I. P. 329; Cyrus the Great carried on campaigns with Indian borders, through East of Eran at sometimes between 558 and 530 B. C. the limits of his reign.=ke. hI. iM, pR. 329H-i. sa. pU. 558 thI 530 sudhI je sAIrasa dhI geITanA rAjyane samaya gaNAya che te daramyAna teNe IrAnanI pUrvamAM thaine hiMdanI sarahada upara humalA karye rAkhyA hatA. Ibid P. 330:-It is doubtful whether he attained suzerainty over the Indian frontier itself=}. hI, iM. pR. 330:-teNe hiMda dezanI sarahada upara sArvabhAmatva meLavyu hatu ke kema te zaMkAspada che, Ibid P. 331:-An embassy was sent to Cyrus by an Indian_king=te ja pustaka pR. 331: hiMdI rAjAe sAirasanA darabAre eka elacIkhAtuM mAkarphyu hatuM Ibid P. 332-Both Neaichts ( Ale xander the Great's admiral) and Magasthenes deny that Cyrus ever reached India= te ja pustaka pR. 332; nIyarsa (lekajhAMDaranA nAkApati ) tathA megeranthenIjha ema banne nA kabUla kare che ke sAirasa kadApi hiMdanI sarahada sudhI paheAMcyA hoya. [ prathama magadhanI hade paDhAMcatAM, kudaratI soMgamAM te bharaNune vaza thayA hatA tema paNa ApaNe joI gayA chIe. tenA mRtyu bAda te prAMta upara, pADAzI IrAnI zahenazAtanA bhAgyavidhAtA sAirasa dhI greSTa ke zahenazAha DerIase pAta nA kuLane karI lIdhA haze ema samajAya che; ane tyAM peAtAnA sukSmA-kSatrapa nImyA hatA ke jene khaDaNI nimitte TharAvela dheAraNa pramANe, dharANA peTe sAnAnI dhULa-teja turIbA jaththAmAM meAkalavI paDatI paNa hatI ema videzI graMthakAra herADeTasanA kathana uparathI sArI rIte naNI cUkayA chIe. vaLI te bAda thADAka-varSe, tevA ja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat Ibid P. 613:-Cyrus appears to have subjugated the Indian tribes of the Hindukush and in the Kabul valley, especially the Gandharians. Darius himself advanced as far as the Indus= te ja pustaka pR. 633; hiMdukuza ane kAbulanI khINamAMnI hiMdI jAte ne--khAsa karIne gAMdhAranA lokone sAIrase jItyA heAya ema lAge che, kairIesa pete ( sAirasanI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAra) sidu nadI sudhI pahoMcyA hatA. (2) C. H. I- 335:-Herodotus iii, 94; cf. iii 89:-The Pujab was a part of the realm of king Darius about B. C. 518. In addition to the evidence of the inscriptions, the fact that a portion of Northern India was incorporated in the Achemenian Empire under Darius as a.tested by the wi:ness of Herodotus, who in giving a list of the twenty Sat. rapies or Governments that Darius estab lished, expressly states that the Indian realm was the twentieth devision-the population of the Indians is by far the greatest of all the people we know: and they paid a tribute proportionately larger www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] bIjo pazcima dizAnA sarahadI prAMta, jene hAla si Mdha, khalucistAna ane rAjaputAnAnA pazcima bhAga kahIe chIe, tathA je bhAga upara hAla tharapArakaranuM ane jesalamIranuM raNa patharAI raheluM che tathA jene te samaye sidhasauvIra deza tarIke ALakhavAmAM AvatA hatA tenA upara udayana rAjA rAjyakartA hatA; teNe dIkSA lIdhI hatI ane karatAM karatAM vihAra karatAM jyAre te muni potAnA bhANeja-je have rAjA tarIke rAjya calAvatA hatA-tene pratidha devA mATe svadeza AvyA hatA te samaye maMtrInI khUrI salAhanA bhamAvyA te rAjAe, petAnA mAmA-munine mArI nAMkhavA upAya yeAjyA hatA. pariNAme nei te daivarakSaNe bacI gayA hatA paNa te dezanu pATanagara tathA dezanA mukhya nA itihAsa than all the rest: the sum of three hundred and sixty talents of gold dust: this immense tribute was equivalent to over a million pounds sterling & of the levy imposed upon the Asiatic provinces.=ke. hi. I. pR. 335:-herATasa 3. pR. 94: sarakhAve, 3 pR. 89:-Azare I. sa. pR, 518 mAM pUnama prAMta rAkha DerIasanA rAjyanA eka bhAga banI gayA hatA. DerIasanA rAjaamaNe AcImInIana sAmrAjyamAM uttara hiMdano samAveza thaI gayA hatA, ema zilAlekhathI sAbita thaI javA uparAMta here DeTasa paNa te vAtane samana kare che. kemake DerIase peAtAnA rAjyanA je vIsa prAMtA pADyA hatA tenuM lIsTa rajU karatAM spaSTapaNe teNe jaNAvyu che ke hiMdanA prAMta vIsamA naMbare hatA ...je sava prajAnI ApaNane mAhitI che temAM hiMdI pragnanI vastIne AMkaDA sAthI meTo che ane bIna sarva karatAM te sarakhAmagImAM khaDagI paNa mATI bhare che. je khaMDaNI teja turI (sAnAnI dhULa)nA 360 Tela 2 jeTalI thatI hatI, A mATI khaDaNInI kiMmata daza lAkha brITIza pAMDa, je eziyAI prAMnAnI khaDagIne Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 125 bhAga retInA vAva'ToLa ane varasAdathI daTAI gayA hatA; tathA te bhANejanuM -rAjAnuM bharaNu nIpajyuM hatuM. te sarve vRttAMta ApaNe pu. 1 pR. 225 thI AgaLa upara carcI dIdhA che. A nadhaNIyAtA mulaka upara paNu, uttare AvelA paMjA nI mAphaka irAnI zahenazAhanA ja DALeA paDyo hAya ane tene paNa hAya karI devAyA hAya ema banavAjoga che. vaLI A hakIkatane rAtanA pratiAsathI Teko paNlR maLate dekhAya che eTale te vAtane ApaNe kharI anelI khInA tarIke ja svIkAravI rahe che. pajAba dezanu joDANa zahenazAha sAirasanA samaye ane siMdhanuM joDANlR zahenazAha DerIasanA samaye banyuM lAge che.pa A paradezI humalA jo ke hiMdu upara ja 1/3 bhAga thatA hatA tenA karatAM paNa vadhAre hatI, (3-4) C. H. I. P. 337:-(Sir M. A. Stein) He says that the part of the Indian territory (of Darius) towards the rising sun is sand: the eastern part of India is a desert on account of sand=}, hI. iM pR. 337 ( sara. ema. e. sTAina ) tenu kahevu ema thAya che ke, rAjA DerIasanA rAjyanI sUryodaya taraphanI hade ( eTale pUrva khAjIe ) retI che. hiMdanI pUrva bAjue raNa Avelu heAtrAthI ( tyAM ) retI ja retI che. ( A uparathI khAtrI thAya che Deriase siMdhanA pradeza paNa jItI lIdhe hatA ane te vakhate tyAM raNa jevuM thaI gayuM hatuM=ApaNe pu. 1 lAmAM A sthAne eTale lArakhAnA chaThThAmAM jyAM mAhanakairAnA kha`Diyere che tyAM, te prAMtanI rAjadhAnIvALuM vItatrayapaTTaNa I. sa. pU 530 nA aMdAje dAI gayuM hovAnu noMdhyuM che. eTale ke A banne hakIkata eka khIjAnA TekArUpa banI rahI che.) (5) IrAnanA zar3enazAhanI vaMzAvalI mATe jIe pu. 1. pR. 72, TI. na. 4, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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116 thayA che, paNa rAjyakartA potAnA sthAyI mukAma karIne hiMdanI bhUmimAM vasatA nahAtA eTale ApaNe A pustakanAM pAte temanA samayunA vizeSa adhikAra na lakhatAM mAtra te banAvAnI ATalI UDatI nAMdha ja laIne AgaLa vadhIzu. Ane prathama vAranA humale gaNavA paDaze. A pachI IrAnI zahenazAGeAnI sarakhA maNI sAthenI hiMdI samrATeAnI nabaLAi sabaLAitA pramANamAM te prAMtAnI hakumatanI pherabadalI thatI rahI che. paNa ekadama moTA pheraphAro, lagabhaga khase| varase grIka rAjyanI hada vadhAravAnI mahattvAkAMkSA dharAvatA yuvAna bAdazAha alekajhAMDara dhI greITanA rAjyakALe banyA che. teNe keTalAya varasanA cAlu prayANa karI, grIsa dezanI ane hiMdusthAnanI vaccenI saghaLI bhUminAM rAjakartA sAthe yuddhamAM utarI te sarvene jItI lIdhA hatA; ane aMte te I. sa. pU. 327 mAM hiMdanI vakhatanI pazcima uda bAMdhatI si MdhunadI sudhI AvI pahoMcyA hatA. te vakhate hiMda upara paNa tenA sadbhAgye eka nabaLA mananA samrATanuM ja rAjye pravartIne turatamAM ja khatama thayuM hatuM. te samrATa khInne kAI nahI paNa magadhapati mauryavaMzI samrATa biMdusAra hatA ( jue pu. khIju` ). tenI nabaLAinAM pariNAme paMjAbadezanA saradAro ane khaDiyA rAjAomAM baLavA jevI sthiti thai rahI hatI ane eka khIjAnA upara sarasAI bhAgavavAnA byAmAhamAM arasparasanuM vADhI nAMkhavAmAM ahu udyamavaMtA khatI rahyA hatA. A sthitine lAbha lai, te cakAra yavana bAdazAhe te sarvene eka pachI eka kabaje karI lIdhA ane temanI pAse peAtAnI ANu svIkAvarAvI; tathA pe|te chata karI che ( 6 ) jIe pu. 2, pR. 230 tathA tenA lakhANanI paradezI AkramaNA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ prathama tenAM smAraka tarIke keTalAMka zahera tathA lazkarI killAe vasAvyA. jo ke hAla temAMnA koI paNa astitva dharAvatA nathI, athavA kAi rahI gayA haze teA kALanA jhapATAmAM AvI javAthI asthavyastha sthitimAM hAine bahu dhyAna kheMce tevA rahyA nathI. te zahenazAha hiMdanI bhUmi upara mAtra 18 mAsa ja rahevA pAmyA che. jo vadhAre rahyo hate aa vaLI tihAsa juduM ja svarUpa pakaDate; kAraNa ke eka bAjU, jevA te svabhAva hatA tevA ja sAmI bAjUe, have tenA sAmanA karanAra te vakhatanA magadhapati samrATa azokana bhAva paNa hatA; te ApaNe grIka bAdazAhanI chAvaNImAM baMne vaccenI mulAkAta vakhate thayela vAtacItanI TapATapI ane caDabhaDATI uparathI taiI zakayA chIe. A kAraNathI ke pachI teNe potAnA kadama hiMda upara AgaLa laMbAvatAMja tenA sainyanAM mANasA, je keTalAya varasathI mAtRbhUminA darzanathI vikhUTA paDela hovAthI tyAM javAne talagAra banI rahyA che mATe pAchu vaLavu' joie evu` bahAnuM maLavAthI; kANu jANe kAnA nazIkhe, paNa tene potAnI murAda paDatI mUkavI paDI ane svadeza taraph prayANa karavu paDayuM; paNa pAchA vaLatAM vaLatAM keTalAka jItelA prAMtA upara potAnA yavana sarakArane te nImatA gayeA hateA tathA jUnA hiMdu rAjAne potapotAnA asala mulako pAchA sAMpatA gayA hatA. chatAM jevI teNe pITha pheravI ke, tenA A bA saradAro tathA hiMdI rAkhae aMdara aMdara vaDhI paDyA; ane temAM vaLI khukhI e thai ke saghaLA yavana saradAronI katla paNa thai gaI, eTale hiMda upara paradezI amalanI nedha karavAnA judI judI TIkAo, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] ne itihAsa 127 prasaMga A vakhate paNa itihAsamAM upasthita thato nathI; chatAM je banavA pAmyuM hatuM tene saMkSipta hevAla pu. 2 mAM pR 226 thI pR. 243 sudhInA eka AkhA paricchedamAM Apyo che. A banAvane bIje paradezI humalo kahI zakAya. uparanA banAva pachI vAyavya hiMdano A Akho pradeza samrATa azoke pitAnI sattAmAM meLavI lIdho hato. bAdazAha sikaMdara svadeza pahoMce te avala I. sa. pU. 323 mAM rastAmAM ja tenuM maraNa thaI gayuM. eTale tenA dezanI gAdI mATe tene saradaremAM AMtaravigraha thayo. temane eka saradAra je selyukasa nAme hate teNe tenI gAdI meLavI lIdhI; te bAda cheDe vakhata to tene te bAjue ja potAnI sthiti majabUta karavAne gALo paDyo; paNa barAbara sthira thatAM veMta teNe hiMda jItavA tarapha mana deDAvyuM. koIka itihAsakAranA kahevA pramANe lagabhaga 11 thI 17 vAra hiMdanA sImA prAMta upara teNe AkramaNa karyA hatAM. paNa chevaTe hArIne samrATa azoka sAthe nAmozIbharelI sarato tene karavI paDI hatI ane potAnA deza tarapha pAchuM pharavuM paDayuM hatuM. Ane trIjo paradezI humalo kahevo paDaze. Ama vAraMvAra paradezI caDAIomAM vijayavaMtu nIvaDavAnuM hiMdanI sarajatamAM lakhA (7) A samaye paradezI saradAroe hiMdamAM rahI zuM kAryo kyAM hatAM tene TUMka hevAla judo ja citaryo che. juo pu. 2. pR. 229 thI pR. 243 nuM varNana. (8) Ind. Ant xxxvxii (1908) P. 25 within 2 years of Alexander's death, the Greek power to the East of the Indus had been extinguished -che, e. pu. 77 (1908) pR. 25-alekajhAMDaranA maraNa bAda be varasanI avadhimAM ja, siMdhunI pUrvamAM UbhI thayela grIka sattAne valuM nahotuM. eTale cethI vArane humalo lAMbo samaya paNa cAlyA. vaLI temAM nabaLA rAjAonI nabaLAI hovA uparAMta "kama jora gussA bata'nI kahevata pramANe prajA upara damadATI ane jerajulama paNa vadhAre gujarAta hata; jethI prajAmAM temanI rAjanItithI asaMtoSa tathA kacavATa paNa vacce jatA hatA. eTale kudarate ja kema jANe A paradezI AkramaNakArane gaLAmAM vijayamALA ApavAnuM dhAryuM hoya nahIM, tema teo phAvyA hatA. ane temAMnA keTalAke te hiMdamAM pitAnI gAdI sthApI kAyamI vasavATa paNa karyo hatA; jethI teone havethI ApaNe hiMdI rAjakartA tarIke lekhavA ja rahyA; teTalA mATe temane lagate itihAsa paNa Alekhavo ja rahyo. A paradezI vasAhatamAMthI hiMda upara caDI AvanArAnAM nAme mukhyatve nIce pramANe levAya che. (1) bekaTrIansa (2) pArthIansa athavA paDyAjha (3) zika athavA sIthIansa (4) kSaharATAjha athavA kSatrapo.10 ane (5) kuzAna. A pAMce AkramaNakAronAM nAma ane mULa vize koI graMthakAre sahamata thaI zakyA nathI tethI jene jema phAvyuM tema potAnA anumAna dorI temane amuka amuka mulakanA vatanI harAvI dIdhA che, ane tenA samarthanamAM jarUrajogI dalIla tathA purAvA paNa pitAnA niyama pramANe rajU karye rAkhyA che, vinAza thaI gayo hate. (9) jue pu2, pR. ra75. TI. naM. 99. (10) ne ke kSatrapa te eka jatane khitAbaadhikAra paratve IlakAba ja che, paNa vidvAnee hiMda uparanA sarva kSatramAMnA sarvene lagabhaga kSaharATa natina TharAvI dIdhA hovAthI, mArAthI te zabdano upayoga ahIM thaI gayuM che. bAkI to jema uparanI cAra jatanAM nAma ApyAM che tema pAMcamI jatAM te kSaharATa prajAnI samajavI,

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128 jabUdvIpanI [ prathama chatAM temanI keTalIka dalIla vadatavyAdhAtanA nyAye eka bIjAnI virUddha jatI hoya ema dekhAyAM kare che. te badhA guMcavADAmAM aTavAI paDyA sivAya, kharI sthiti samajavAne mATe ApaNe te savenI banatI mAhitI ItihAsa ane bhUgoLarUpe-tapAsI jevI jarUranI thaI paDaze. atyAra sudhInA prAcIna kALane ItihAsa samajavA tathA temAM AvatI muzkelIno ukela karavA mATe jema purANa Adi temanI vaidika saM. dAyanA graMthonI utpattino tathA jaina sAhitya graMthanI ItihAsa sahAya levI paDI che, tema A prasaMga mATe paNa tevAM ja graMthamAMthI maLI AvatI hakIkatano upayoga karavo paDaze. ApaNe je dezano itihAsa AlekhI rahyA chIe ane je hiMdamAM ApaNe atre vasavATa karI rahyA chIe tene prAcIna sAhitya graMthamAM bharatakhaMDa ane jaMbudvIpanA eka aMza tarIke oLakhAvAya che. ane tenI mULa prajA jene Arya ane anArya evA be TUMka upanAmathI oLakhatA hatA. temAMthI upara jaNAvelI pAMce prajAnI utpatti kevI rIte thavA pAmI te sarvane datihAsa samajavo sahela thaI paDe eTalA mATe prathama te jaMbudvIpanI racanA vize-bhUgoLa saMbaMdhI-ApaNe kAMIka khyAla laI levo jarUrI gaNAze. sArI pRthvInI racanA vize atyAranI ApaNI mAnyatA je che tenAthI ghaNA ja judA prakAranI racanA prAcIna samaye jabUdvIpanI dhAravAmAM AvatI hatI. jenA samajuti saMpradAyanA graMthomAM ema jaNAvAyuM che ke sarva jamIna ane pANI aDhI kIpa ane aDhI samudramAM vahecAyelAM hatAM. tene AkAra goLa hatuM. temAM sauthI prathama ane nAnAmAM nAno je dvIpa te madhyamAM hatA. tene pharate goLAkAre samudra hatuM. je pitAmAM vI TAI rahela dvIpanA karatAM bamaNe meTe hato. pAcho tene pharate bIjo dvIpa je te te tenI aMdara rahela samudra karatAM bamaNo moTo hato. A pramANe pahelI jamIna ane pharatuM pANI, ema uttarottara goThavaNa thayelI hatI ane tenuM kSetraphaLa bamaNuM thatuM jatuM hatuM. ApaNe ahIM temAM ekanI sAthe nisabata nathI, mATe te sarvane varSa daIne, mAtra je madhyavartI dviIpa che ane kSetraphaLamAM je sAthI nAnAmAM nAno gaNAya che te ekalAnA pUratI ja oLakha ApIzuM. tene jaMbUDopa kahevAmAM Avato hato. te gaLAkAre hato ane tene pharatuM pANI hevAthI Thapa nAma paNa sArthaka hatuM. tene vistAra eka lAkha yojana gaNavAmAM Avato ane tenA madhyabiMdu samAna eka parvata hato. tenuM nAma merUparvata kahevAmAM AvatuM. A parvatanI uttare Avela pradezane uttara jaMbudvIpa athavA jaMbudvIpane (11) ne ke hAla te ekalA hiMdustAnane ja bharatakhaMDa tarIke oLakhAvAya che, paNa prAcIna sAhityamAM, je pradeza upara rAja bharatanuM rIya tapatuM rahyuM hatuM te rAvane bharatakhaMDamAM samAveza karAto hato ane bharatanuM rAjya hiMdanI bahAra paNa aneka dezamAM hatuM. eTale te hisAbe bharatakhaMDane pradeza hAlanA hiMda karatAM kayAMya moTe kahI zakAya. keTaleka ThekANe "magadha dezanuM sthAna samAvatAM jaMbudvIpane dakSiNa bharatakhaMDamAM" AvA ra6 va5rAtA paNa najare paDe che. te uparathI samajAya che ke, bharatakhaMDanI saMkhyA ekathI vadhAre hovI joIe ja, sarakhA nIcenI TInaM. 12,

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paricheda ] samajAti 129 uttara bhAga ane dakSiNe Avela pradezane dakSiNa pRthvI kahI che. tene pharate pAcho dariyo kahyo jaMbudvIpa athavA jaMbaddIpane dakSiNa bhAga ema che Ama eka pRthvI ane bIje dariyo te kahetA hatA. vaLI A merU parvatamAMthI aneka pramANe vArApharatI jamIna ane pANInA pradezo nadIe nIkaLIne, uttare tathA dakSiNe vahetI ane hatA ema samajI levA jaNAvyuM che. vartamAnababe pravAhanI vacce AvatA pradezane bhinna kALanA vidyArthIone eka zaMkA ahIM UbhI bhinna nAme oLakhavAmAM AvatA hatA. thaze, jenA khulAsA mATe A hakIkta ahIM pUrva samaye A jaMbudvIpamAM hAlanI kaI levI paDI che kaI pRthvIno samAveza thato hato te koI temanI zaMkA-pRthvI goLa che. te sthiti graMthamAM spaSTapaNe jaNAvela nathI, tema koI jema ame skUlamAM bhaNIe chIe tema A anumAna nizcitapaNe karI zakAya tevI mAhitI pustakamAM paNa svIkArAI che; jyAre banne pakSa temAMthI upalabdha paNa thatI nathI; chatAM bhAMgyA- ATale darajaje ekamata che tyAre pAchA tame tUTayAM je kAMI sAdhana-sAmagrI maLI zake che ema kahe che ke, pRthvIne pharate te samudra che. te uparathI ApaNuM prayojana pUratuM tAraNa ane vaLI pAchI anya pRthvI Ave che. amane temAMthI upajAvI kaDhAya tema che ja. eTale tene te ema jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke, pRthvIne vicAra raju karuM chuM. pharatI pradakSiNA karIe te tene te ja sthAne pAchA [ eka khulAse - sakaLa vizvanI racanAmAM, AvIne ubhA rahevAya che, kemake pRthvI geLAatre ja bukIpane sauthI vacce kahyo che, tene kAre ja che. eTale ke pRthvI svataMtra che ane pharate goLAkAre vIMTaLAI rahela, samudra gaNAvyuM tenI saMkhyA mAtra eka ja che. tethI tene pharate che; vaLI tene pharatI vIMTaLAIne paDelI bIjI dariyo ane tenI pelI vAra navI bIjI pRthvI (12) jema jaMbudvIpanI madhyamAM parvatamALA tathA nadIo vahetI hovAthI uttara dakSiNa evA be bhAga paDayA hatA, tema vartamAna hiMdanI madhyamAM paNa viMdhyAcaLa parvata ADo paDela hovAthI tathA narmadA, tApI ane mahI nadI eka bAju tathA bIjI bAju gaMgA, siMdhu, brahmaputrA vigere nadIo hovAthI keTalAka vidvAno e anumAna karavAne paNa lalacAI jAya che ke, vartamAna hiMdustAna te ja jaMbaddhopa he joIe ane pachI tenA upara jaNAvyA mujaba, uttara ane dakSiNa ema be bhAga paDyA hatA, paNa te kathana sAcuM nathI, teno virUddhamAM nIcenA muddAo jaNAvIza, [1] je buddhIpanuM kSetraphaLa hiMda karatAM anekagaNuM moTuM che. ( juo TI. 13.) [2] hiMda te ja jaMbudvIpa hoya te, hiMdanI 17 cAre bAju pharate dariye nathI; eTale tene tapa na kahI zakAya. tema jaMbukIpane koI paNa graMthamAM jaMbudvIpakalpa tarIke nathI oLakhAvAyA. [3] uparanuM TI. naM. 11 juo. temAM magadha dezane 'jaMbUnA dakSiNa bhAratakhaMDamAM hovAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. je hiMda te ja jaMbudvIpa mAnIe te magadhanI riti 'dakSiNa bhAratakhaMDamAM na lakhatAM bharatakhaMDamAM ja lakhavI paData; vaLI bharatakhaMDa tathA hiMda te bannene eka lekhe. te ye magadhane te uttara bharatakhaMDamAM AvavAnuM lakhavuM paData. matalaba ke hiMda ane bharatakhaMDa paNa judA che. tema bharatakhaMDa eka karatAM vizeSa saMkhyAmAM paNa che. (sarakhA uparano TI. naM. 11.) A traNa kAraNathI hiMda ane jaMbudvIpa bhinna bhinna dekhAya che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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130 jabUdvIpanI [ prathama hovAnuM jaNAvo che te taddana asaMbhavita lAge che. zaMkAnuM samAdhAna-tame upara je kahyuM temAM to ame paNa tamane sahamata chIe, paNa eka vastu tame bhUlI jAo cho. tame je pradakSiNanI vAta kahe che ke te A pRthvInA taLa upara rahIne jaeTale ke pRthvInI sapATI upara rahIne ja within this world : on the surfuce of this world karyA karavAnI jaNAvI; paNa tenI bahAranI-outside itvAta tame kema choDI dIdhI? jemake pRthvInI sapATI cheDI daIne- without this world, outside this world eTale ke this world alone does pot form the whole Universe. There are many other things outside it in the Universe sakaLa vizva eTale A pRthvI ja mAtra ema nathI; temAM te A pRthvInI bahAranI ghaNue vastuno samAveza thaI jAya chedUra dUra vyomapradezamAM aneka grahe ane tArAo tame lekha cho tathA te sarvene nAnA moTA bhUmikhaMDa gaNAve che, jemAMnA ekane maMgaLanA graha tarIke oLakhAvI tyAM rahetAM manuSyane dUrabIna vaDe joI zakavAnuM tathA bhaviSyamAM kadAca temanI sAthe vAtacIta karI zakavAnuM paNa bane te bane. evI umede tame je dharAvI rahyA cho tenuM kema? matalaba ke, ApaNI A pRthvInI bahAra tame jema anya bhUmikhaMDa tarIke aneka graha vigere mAne che, tema jakhadIpanI bahAra anya pRthvI hevAnuM ame je vidhAna A puratakamAM derI batAvyuM che te kaI rIte asaM. bhavita nathI. ] upara jaNAvI gayA pramANe jaMbudvIpane vistAra eka lAkha yojana darzAvyo che, paNa eka yojananA cAra gAu ane eka gAunA deDha ke be mAIla gaNatAM, tene viratAra cha thI ATha lAkha mAIla jeTale ja Ave; ane tenuM corasa mApa kADhe te chatrIzathI ceka lAkha corasa mAila thAya; jyAre vartamAna hiMdustAna ekalAnuM ja kSetraphaLa (1500 mAila pUrva pazcima ane 1800 mAIla uttara dakSiNa gaNatAM) sattAvIza lAkha corasa mAIla seMdhAyuM che. ane eTaluM te nizcita che ke jaMbUDIpamAM hiMdustAnanA mulaka uparAMta bIjI aneka jamIna tathA zAka dvIpa jevaDa moTo TApu paNa samAI jato hato. eTale ke, jaMbuddIpane to hiMdustAna karatAM anekagaNe mere hevAnuM ja dhAravAmAM AvyuM che.13 eTale ema thayuM ke je eka lAkha rasa yojananuM pramANa batAvyuM che te tenuM kSetraphaLa nathI. paNa anya koI pramANa darzAvatuM vacana hevuM joIe. A bAbata upara vicAra karatAM eka hakIkata mane yAda Ave che ke, anya sthaLe saurASTramAM AvelA zatruMjaya parvatanA vistAranuM varNana karatAM ema sAbita karAyuM che ke, prAcIna graMthamAM " pramANu' zabda jene atyAre ApaNe DAyAmITara vyAsa kahIe chIe te bhAvArthamAM vaparAte hato. eTale te hisAbe cha lAkhanA vyAsavALA padAthane parIdha - 14=18 Ave ane tenuM carasa mApa karatAM 18DuMx18=325 lAkha co. mAIla aMdAje kSetraphaLa Avaze. A uparathI have vicAravuM rahe che ke, AvaDA moTA pRthvInA (13) buo uparanI dalIla 12 mAM darzAvelA hiMda vizenA muddAo. (14) jue bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thatA "jana dhama prakAza" nAmanA mAsikane saM. 19899 pu. 49, aMka 5; zrAvaNa mAsamAM "keTi" zabdanA athavALe mAre lekha.

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13. paricheda ] samajUti vistAramAM vartamAna kALanA kayA kayA pradezane rahela jamInanuM pramANa tenA pANInA bhAga samAveza thaI zake te mATe bahu laMbANamAM na karatAM lagabhaga aDadhuM ja Ave che. eTale ke utaratAM nIce Apela TIpaNamAM je AMkaDA dhI be bhAga pANInA che ane eka bhAga jamInane royala InDIyana varlDa eTalAsamAMthI meM utAryA che. ane je A hakIkata ApaNe gaNitache 11 te jovAthI turata ja e sAra kADhI zAstranA hisAbe mAnya rAkhIe te pachI zakAze ke jene atyAre ApaNe pUrva gaLArdha sAbita thaI gayuM ke, prAcIna sAhityamAM tarIke oLakhI rahyA chIe tenuM kSetraphaLa laga- varNavAyale jambudvIpa ane tene pharato vIMTaLAbhaga prAcIna graMthomAM varNavAyelA jaMbUDIpa yela je pahele samudra kahyo che te sarvane jeTaluM ja AvI rahe che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa samAveza vartamAna kALanA pUrva goLAddhamAM thaI uparamAM je jaNAvyuM che ke, jeThIpa karatAM jAya che. A uparathI eka bIjI paristhiti tene pharatA vIMTaLela samudranuM mApa bamaNuM hatuM paNa tAravI zakAya che ke, vartamAna kALe koIpaNa te te bInA paNa A pUrva goLAddhanI bAbatamAM hisAbanA AMkaDA mUka vinA athavA te satya pUravAra thaI jAya che, kemake temAM AvI amuka kathanamAM tattva zuM hoI zake tene leza kSetraphaLa yuropa (15) pRthvI, e. mA. 3, 756, 970 eziyA 17, , 180 osTrelIyA 2, 964, 000 AphrikA 11, 14, 770 u. amerikA 7, 990, 350 6. amerikA 1, 54, 100 50, 202, 870 paNa sArI pRthvInuM kSetraphaLa (nIce juo) 52,000,000 gaNAya che eTale bAkI je 1,800,000 . mA. rahA, te phaTAchavAyA TApu vigerenuM pramANa gANI levuM. jamIna 8,000,000) 1 bhAga jamIna pANI 90,000,000 113 bhAga pANI 16 gALAmAM jamIna ane pANInuM pramANa 1 ane 12 nA pramANamAM che. A mApa kSetraphaLanI gaNatrae kahevAya; paNa pANInA samudranI judI judI UMDAIe dhyAnamAM laIne pachI samabhAganI UMDAIe tenuM kSetraphaLa kADhIe te, 12 karatAM ghaNuM vadhI jo; kemake daniyAmAM sauthI UMDAmAM UMDA pAsiphika mahAsAgara, te pUrva gaLArdhamAM ja mukhya bhAge Avela che; vaLI UMDAInuM mApa ahIM e mATe levAnuM meM sUcavyuM che ke, jyAM pUrve jamIna hoya che tyAM pANI thAya che ane pANI hoya che tyAM jamIna thAya che. A pramANe camakAre thAya che ane tema thAya eTale sAbita thayuM ke pANI kAMI ubharAIne bahAra nIkaLI jatuM nathI paNa tenA pramANamAM tyAM UDAI vadhI jaIne sadhaLuM pANI samAI jAya che tathA eka sarakhI sapATI dhAraNa karI le che. eTale ja pANInA kSetraphaLane vicAra karatI vakhate tenI pAchuM paNa vicAravI rahe che. [neTa: hiMdanuM kSetraphaLa 27 lAkha che, mA, che, jayAre samasta pRthvInI jamInanuM 50 lAkha che. mA. che; eTale 1992 hiMdustAna thayA. ane pUrva meLAddha ka70 lAkha hovAthI (520 mAMthI ane amerIkAnA pRthvI ce. mA. athavA jamIna 52,000,000 ) 1 bhAga jamIna pANI=15,500,000 7 298 bhAga pANI temAM paNa pUrva meLAddha jamIna=4,000,000 ) 1 jamIna pANI=55,000,000 , 12 bhAga pANuM pazcima geLAddha. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- - ----- = = = = === = == = 17ra jabUdIpanI [ prathama mAtra paNa vicAra karyA vinA, keTalAkane je evI eka Adata ja paDI gaI che ke, prAcIna graMthomAM varNavAyelI sarva hakIkate kAMI paNa AdhAra vinA ja ghothe rAkhI che ema uccArye rAkhe che, te sarvanI paNa khAtrI thaze ke temAM prAcIna purUSone doSa je che tenA karatAM potAnI buddhi. maMdatA ane vicArazaktine abhAva ja vizeSa aMze deSita che. vaLI A pramANenuM ja kathana purANomAM ane anya sAMpradAyika graMthamAM varNavAyalI aitihAsika ghaTanAonA saMbaMdhamAM paNa, prathama bahAra paDI gayela A pustakanA be vibhAgamAM mAre vAraMvAra jaNAvavuM paDayuM che. A pramANe jaMbudvIpanI hada lagabhaga cakkasa thaI javAthI tenA uttara ane dakSiNa be bhAga pADavAnuM paNa jema sugama thaI paDe che tema ItihAsa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM anya keTalAMka bhaugolika ta paNa tenA kharAM svarUpamAM samajI zakAya tevI sthiti UbhI thatI najare paDe che. jemake (1) pUrvageLAddhanI madhyamAM pazcimathI pUrva sudhI eka sIdhI rekhA dorIe te te bhUmadhya samudra, kALo samudra, kAspiana samudra, tathA eziAI turkastAnamAMnI ekasasa nadIvALA pradeza( ke jenI be zAkhAne sIradariyA ane AmudariyA kahevAya che tathA je pradezamAM marva nAmanuM zahera AvyuM che)mAMthI pasAra thaIne AgaLa pUrvamAM je parvatamALA laMbAtI laMbAtI zAMghAI-kaMtAna zahera pAse samudrane maLe che tyAM sudhI te rekhA laMbAtI gaNI zakAze; tathA te pramANamAM jaMbudvIpanA uttara ane dakSiNa evA be bhAgalA pADatI batAvAze; vaLI sAthe sAthe ema paNa anumAna dorI zakAze ke, (2) jaMbudvIpanuM madhya biMdu "merU parvata' hevAnuM je ApaNe uparamAM jaNAvyuM che te kAMIka vAstavika dekhAya che : ( zuM tyAre prAcIna samathanA Meru zabdamAM pheraphAra karIne vartamAnane Mery zabada jAyo haze ?) (3) vaLI kudaratI camatkAro bane che tyAre keTalIka vakhate jamInane sthAne jaLa ane jaLane sthAne jamIna thaI Ave che. temaja jamIna upasI AvIne parva tonuM astitva paNa thaI jAya che, evuM bhUzAstranA vaijJAnikoe je sUra zodhI kADhayuM che tene anu. sarIne ema paNa ApaNe kahI zakIe ke, A merU parvatanI eka bAjunI jamIna DhaMkAI jaIne jaLamaya thaI gaI lAge che jyAre bIjI bAjunI upasIne parvatamaya banI gaI che (4) ane te pramANe jaLamaya banI jatAM, keTalIka pRthvIne bhAga sapATa hovAthI moTA samudrarUpe-bhUmadhya samudra tarIke najare paDI rahyo che. jayAre keTaloka bhAga UMDe besI javAthI ke AsapAsanI jamIna UMcI uparathI AvavAthI, te bhAgamAMnuM jaLa eka bIjAnI sAthe maLI na jatAM, tenAM erala sarovara, ane kAspiana samudra17 jevAM jaLAzayo 150 bAda jatAM) temAM 137 hiMdustAna jeTalo pradeza samAI zake ema gaNavuM rahe che. ] (16) A vistAra bahu maTe hevAthI keTalAka vidvAne tene samudra paNa kahe che, jyAre tenuM pANI mI hevAthI keTalAke tene saravara kahIne paNa oLakhAve che. sAmAnya rIte e niyama hoya che ke, (1) samudro haMmezAM eka bIjAne joDAyelA ja hoya che tethI (2) tenuM pANI khAruM ja rahe che. A baMne niyamo eralanA kissAmAM sacavAtA nathI eTale tene erala sarevara kahevuM vadhAre nyAyabhareluM kahevAze. (17) samudrane lagatA je be niyame uparanI TI. naM. 16 mAM ApaNe jaNAvyA che temAMnA ekanuM paripAlana kApiananI sthitimAM thAya che paNa bInanuM

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pariccheda ] samajUti 133 banI gayAM che; athavA to nAnI nAnI sAmudradhunI- thavAthI vizeSa UMcAine pAme paNa heya. (7) vaDe joDAI jaIne pitAnuM astitva batAvatA- vaLI zAkakIpane samAveza temaNe bhale jaMbudIbhAramerA ane kALA samudrarUpe dekhAtA thaI pamAM karyo che paNa te eka svataMtra aMza hoine gayA che. (5) banI rahelAM sarve A jaLAzaya- tenI samajutI judI ja ApavI ThIka thaI paDaze. mAMthI mAtra erala sarovaranuM ja pANI mIThuM che. upara varNavI gayelA jaMbukIpamAM je eka vaLI temAM ekasasa athavA jharasIjha nadI meTe ane ati vistRta beTa18 patharAyeluM hatuM pitAnI be zAkhArUpe-sAmAnya niyamathI UlaTI tene zAkIpa kahevAmAM AvatA rIte vahI, apavAda banI jaine maLe che; (kemake zAkIpa hato. kahevAya che ke zAMkadIpa sAdhAraNa rIte nadIonuM mULa sarovaramAMthI viSenI prAcIna samaye jaMbuMdIpanI UbhuM thAya che paNa tene meLavI laI tenuM mukha te samajutI pazcime tathA dakSiNe patharAbanatuM nathI. 18 eTale ema banavA saMbhava che ya hato. paNa kALAMtare ke, jaina sAhityamAM varNavAyelI ane merUparvata te zAkaThIpamAM keTaloka bhAga UMca-nIce thaI mAMthI nIkaLe che ema jaNAvelI siMdhu ane gaMgA javAthI tathA keTalAka upara pANI pharI vaLavAthI, nadImAMthI chUTAM paDI gayelI tenA aMzarUpe A be tenA ghaNA nAnA vibhAge thaI gayA che. jemAM nadIo haze. (6) marva zaheranI pUrva taraphanA AphrikAkhaMDane tathA tenI ane hiMdanA kinArA parvatanI hAramALAmAM kAMIka bhAga taddana vacce AvelA mADAgAskara, sacIlIjhanA TApu navIna paNe upasI AvIne najare paDato thaye arabaratAnano dvIpakalpa tathA lakSadvIpa ane bhAla heya, temaja kAMIka prathamathI heya temAM umere dvIpanA TApue I. Ine 20 samAveza thaI jate nathI thatuM; chatAM tene ati moTA vistArane laine samudranuM nAma ApyuM che te yogya ja lAge che. (18) AvA kudaratI niyamothI virUddha jaIne dekhAtAM sarevara-jene ApaNe apavAdarUpa kahIzuM tevAM traNa cAra ja mAtra najare paDe che, jevAM ke (1) erala (2) aphagAnistAnamAM Avela hAmana (3) ane u. amerikAmAMnAM keTalAMka sarovara. (19) mai. sA. i. pR. 4-prAcIna sAhitya ke saptameM eka dviIpakA nAma zadvIpa hai Isa zaka. dviIpase saMpUrNa pazcimIya eziyAmAM grahaNa hetA he prAcIna paziyAmeM eka prAMtakA nAma saMkI (Sacae) bhI thA. zaka zabda Isa saMkI pradezameM rahenevAlake liye prayukta hatA thA mana ke anusAra zageleka, kabaja, palava, pArada era pavana Ina upavibhAge meM vibhakta thA IhI zaga leka rAja sAirasa zakanRpatike nAmase kaha gayA hai (vaLa AgaLa upara juo.) bhagavAna pArzvanAtha, nAmanuM eka pustaka (mudrita 1987 surata) pR. 170mAM lakhyuM che:-"eka yupIya vidyAvizArada zaMkhadIpake AjakAlakA mizra (misaraEgypt) siddha karate hai (juo ezi. rIsarca pu. 3, pR. 100) aura Isame rAkSasasthAnuM pramANita karate he sakuM rakhAstana nAmase ullekhita karatA hai yaha sthAna mainuda alakajhAMDriyAke hI sthaLa thA (majakura pustaka pR. 1895). (A banne TAMcaNone bhegA karIne vAMcIzuM te jaNAze ke, hAlanA parziyAnA eka prAMtathI mAMDIne misara deza sudhI ne pradeza zAkadviIpamAM ja gaNAta. eTale misaranI pazcima bAkIne AphrikA khaMDano bhAga paNa zAkachIpamAM ja AvI jate gaNAya; kemake jaMbudviIpamAM ja tene paNa samAveza thato hato ema ApaNe upara jaNAvI gayA chIe. ] (20) hiMdanI dakSiNe AvelA osTreliyA, navA, sumAtrA vigere dvIpanA samUhane paNa keTalAkanA mata Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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1 34 haze ema kahI zakAya che. A hakIkatamAM keTalu' satya samAyaluM che te nakkI karIne nirNaya karavAnuM kAma ApaNuM nathI ja. vastu te te te viSayanA abhyAsIone sAMpI daizuM; chatAM keTalIka hakIkatA, je jaina temaja vaidika AmnAyanA graMthAmAM ( nIcenA vAkaye jIe) jaNAyalI che te uparathI ema te| jaNAya ja, zAkadvIpa eka meTA bheTa haze. temAM lakhelu che ke, rAmalakSmaNanA vArAmAM rAmanA putra lavakumAranuM rAjya 21 zakadvIpanA eka bhAgamAM hatu; temaja mahAbhAratanA kALamAM kRSNanA putra zAMkhakumAranuM rAjyara A zAkadvIpa gaNAtA dvIpamAM hatuM, vaLI ApaNA vAvRddha ane aThaMga abhyAsI mahumara3 sara jIvaNujI modInu evu matavya che ke, 24purANA vakhatanA te zAkadvIpa, te hAlane IrAna ane tenI pazcimanA deza samajavA. tema khIjA eka vaidikanA abhyAsIe zeAdhakhALathI ema sAbita karyu che ke, grIsanA krITa ane AyeAniyana TApuo pazu zAkaddIpanI pazcima traNe sthAnAnAM pramANe 'A zAkadvIpanA ao ja mAnavAmAM Ave che. ( 21 ) rAjya eTale rAjagAdInuM sthAna nahIM, paNa temanA adhikAra tabene pradeza hatA ema samajavAnu' che. (22) nIcenI TIkA naM. 24 jI. ( 23) A lakhANanuM TIpaNu levAmAM AvyuM tyAre sara jIvaNajI meAdI jIvaMta hatA, paNa jyAre A pustaka presamAM gayuM tyAre te behestanasIna thayA eTale have ' marhuma ' zabda umeravA paDayA che. ( 24 ) dhI gujarAta varnAkyulara sesAyaTImAM temaNe ApeluM vArSika vyAkhyAna buddhiprakAza pu. 76 julAI eka pR. 11 jIA "zAA leA pazcima bhagIthI AvI pUrva agAnistAna, paMjaba ane madhya hiMdustAna sudhI..." " "hiMdu pustAkahe che ke, sUrya ane mihira Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ prathama dizA taraphanI aMtima hada upara AvelA hatA. game tema hA, pazu uparamAM TAMkelAM judAM judAM maMtavyA uparathI evA niSkarSI nIkaLe che ke, hAlanA AkhA irAna tathA agAnisthAnanI pazcimanA thADA bhAga; mULe zAkadvIpamAM pa gaNAtA. eTale jo A pramANenuM maMtavya sAcu' Thare te ema paNa anumAna dArI zakAya ke, uttare kAspiana samudra ane dakSiNe siMdhu nadInA mukha pAsene diraye; te benI vacce AvelA je jamInavALA mulaka che 6 te mULamAM eka khAjU jakhUddIpa ane khIjI bAjU zAkadvIpa vacce riyA DAvA joie; ane pAchaLathI koi meTA dharatIka'pa ke pralaya jevu thayu haze . te samaye ATale samudravALA bhAga adazya thaIne temAMthI jamIna upasI AvI haze. vaLI AvA pheraphAra jyAre thAya che tyAre svAbhAvika rIte ja dariyAnA je bhAga chIcharA hAya che te jamInarUpe bahAra nIkaLI Ave che paNa je vizeSa UMDA bhAga hoya che te cAre taraphathI jamInavaDe dherA nAnA gAtravALA rIchava (rUjIva) nAmanA rUSinI nannubhA nAmanI kheTInA va'rAja te hatA, tenA beTA javArAsta athavA jarAzabada nAmano hatA je nAma mi. bhAMDArakara jaratusta (pArasIonA pega'bara eresTara=Zeroaster) ne maLatuM dhAre che. A jarathAsta mATe kahe che ke te ' magavaganA brAhmaNa * nA sthApaka hatA. A brAhmaNAne hiMdamAM prathama kRSNane karI zAMkha pote lAnyA hatA ane magane " bhAjaka " kahetA. teo kamare ava5'ga bAMdhatA. tenA geAtranuM nAma " mIhira =IrAnI * mahera hatuM. . ( 25 ) mArA maMtavya pramANe AmAM kaMcit pheraphAra karavA rahe che te mATe nIcenA " zahIpa ane zAkalIpa vALA pArA jIe, (26) jene hAla khArAsana ane sistAna prAMtA kahevAya che te mulavALI jamIna; jue pAsenA nakaro, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] arthanI samajAti 15 samudrarake sarovararUpe 28 sacavAI rahe che. A oLakhavI joIe; eTale ke traNe sthAna paNa kathananAM smAraka tarIke be moTAM ane eka nAnuM eka ja che tema tenI prajA paNa zakaprajA ja ema kula traNa9 sarevara te pradezamAM je najare kahevAya, Ama ghaNAnuM mAnavuM thAya che A paDI rahyAM che tene ApaNe gaNavA paDaze. kahevAnI prakAre eka mata thayo. tyAre vaLI bIjo mata matalaba e che ke, pazcime kAspiana samudrathI thAya che ke hiMda upara je AkramaNa paradezI mAMDIne pUrvamAM aphagAnistAnane herAta zahera prajAe karyA che ane jemanAM nAmanI saMkhyA sudhInI parvatamALA, ane tyAMthI sIdhA dakSiNe pAMca hevAnuM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe, TheTha gvAdara (Guader ) baMdara sudhInI lITI temanA darekanA utpattisthAnano athavA te doratAM, tenI eka bAjUne eTale pUrva bhAga, temane lagatA itihAsanI barAbara pIchAna thaela te asala jaMbuMdIpanI jamInane ane tenI na hovAthI, sarvene keTalIka vakhata bhinna ane bIjI bAjUne bhAga te zAkaThopanI jamInane keTalIka vakhata abhinna mAnI, temane game te bhAga hatA; temaja zAkIpamAM je prajA vasI jAti tarIke oLakhAvye rAkhI che. eTale rahI hatI tene prAcIna hiMdu graMthe pramANe teonAM nAmaThAma judAM judAM hovA chatAM zAkaprajA tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatI hatI, kema jANe te sarve eka ja sthAnathI uddabhava A pramANe anumAna dorAyAM che. pAmI hoya tema varNana karyuM gayA che. AthI A traNa zabdanA samAsAmAM tene prathama zabda temane Akhe itihAsa mAryo gaye che; eTaluM zaka che. te traNane zaka tarIke ja nahIM paNa aneka guMcavADA UbhA thavA zAkApa oLakhAtI prajA sAthe saMbaMdha pAmyA che. jethI kharUM zuM che ane khoTuM zuM che zakadvIpa che; bake A traNe zabdonA tenI saLa sUjhatI nathI. pariNAme ema jAhera ane sUcanathI je je mulaka athavA karavuM paDayuM che ke, hiMdI itihAsamAM je keTazaka sthAna pradeza jaNAyo che te traNemAM lAye aMdhArAyugo-aMdhakArayugo-gaNAtA AvyA vasatI prajAne zaka prajA tarIke ja che temane A paradezI prajAnAM AkramaNavALA (27) jenA eka daSTAMtarUpe kAspiana samadrane ane hA manamAza nAmanA be moTAM tathA geDIsarAha ApaNe gaNAvI zakIe. nAmanuM trIjuM: ema kula maLI A traNe sarevaranAM (28) sarevaranuM pANI hamezAM mIThuM gaNAya pANI mIThAM che. (uparanI TI. naM. 18 sarakhAve.) ane dariyAnuM khAruM kahevAya. A pramANe mIThA ane A sarovaramAM paNa, erala sarevaranI peThe (sarakhAvo khArA pANInA bhedathI pArakhI zakAya che ke amuka jaLA- uparanI TIka naM. 18) pAMca cha nAnI nadIo maLatI zaya mULe dariyAne bhAga haze ke kema ? eTale ahIM dekhAya che. 'sarevara' zabda je meM lakhyuM che te vAstavika (30) zAkadvIpanI jamInano bhAga kharI rIte nathI ja; paNa AvAM jaLAzayanAM mULa zodhavAnI hakIkata kahI na zakAya; paNa rAhadvIpa ane jaMbakIpa vacce samudra tarIke upayogI thaI paDe tethI tenuM TIpaNuM dAkhala hato tenuM parivartana thatAM je jamIna upasI AvI hatI karavA sArU, A zabda ahIM lakhyo che. vaLI tenI te le che. eTale ke te navI jamInavALuM sthaLa kharI rIte pratIti AgaLa upara jaNAvo. zAdvIpanA karatAM jaMbudviIpanI vadhAre najIka AveluM hoIne (29) jue pAsenA nakazAmAM batAvela hAmana tene jaMbudviIpanI jamIna tarIke oLakhAvavI joie, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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136 traNe sthAnanAM [prathama jamAnAne paNa eka tarIke gaNI kADho rahe che; eTale je zAMtipUrvaka A pAMce jAtine itihAsa UkelavAmAM Ave te hiMmata che ke, jema prathamanAM be puratamAM keTalAya aMdhakAramaya yuganAM pAnAM UkelIne prakAzita karAyA che tema A viSayane lagata ukela paNa phaLadAyI nIvaDe khare. ethI karIne jarAka lAMbuM vivecana thaI jAya te paNa ApaNe te spaSTa rIte UkelavuM ja rahe che. (1) zAkIya vizenI sAmAnya athavA moTA bhAganI mAnyatA je hatI te meM upara rajU karI dIdhI che. jyAre mArA mata pramANe thoDAka temAM pheraphAra kara rahe che. te mATenI hakIkata tathA kAraNa A pramANe che - upara pramANe sthiti je banavA pAmI hoya te tene mArga pAsenA nakazAmAM batAvyA pramANe ma thI rekhAne hoI zake; jyAre mArI mAnyatA ema che ke tene mArga 1 thI 3 rekhAvALo hovo joIe; kemake A thI 2 rekhA pramANe je banyuM hoya te, hAmana sarovarAdi traNe jaLAzaya mULamAM samudranA aMza hovAthI temanuM pANI khAruM hovuM joIe paNa te tema nathI. eTale upara pramANe sthiti banyAnI virUddhamAM A hakIkata jAya che. tema uparamAM ApaNe ema paNa jaNAvI gayA chIe ke grIsanA kITa ane Aniyana TApuo zAkakIpanI aMtima pazcime Avela hatA; eTale te uparathI ema anumAna levAya che ke ezibAI mAInaravALo bhAga te vakhate dariyA rUpe ja hato. vaLI AphrikAkhaMDa maLe, zAkIne bhAgaja hato ema paNa kahI gayA chIe; eTale A pramANe sarva saMjoge zAkaDIpanA pazcima kinArAne lagatA kayAre saMtoSI zakAya, ke jyAre kALA samudrathI mAMDIne irAnI akhAta sudhI 3 rekhA sudhInA bhAgane athavA te kAspiane samudrathI mAMDIne IzanI akhAta sudhInI - rekhA sudhInA bhAgane, prathama samudrarUpe mAnI levAya31 to ja. game te rIte mAne, paNa arabastAnanA kopakalpane jaMbudvIpa ane zAkadvIpanI vaccenA samudramAMthI UgI nIkaLyAnuM ja mAnavuM paDaze ane te vAta satya paNa samajAya che, kemake tene mATe bhAga daTAI gayela samudranI retIthI baneluM che. eTale 3-4 rekhA, AgaLa AvIne je jaMbuddIpanI pazcima hade aTakatI mAno to Akho irAna deza ane je - rekhAe AvIne aTakanI mAne , pazcima IrAnane thoDeka bhAga laIne bAkIne IrAna, jaMbuddhIpamAM gaNAto hato ema mAnavuM rahe che. ane jyAre IrAnane ja jaMbudvIpamAM mAnyo tyAre, atyAranA hiMdustAna ane irAnanI vacce AvelA aphagAnistAna tathA balucistAnane paNa jabUdIpamAM ja gaNavA paDaze. matalaba ke, te samayanA bharatakhaMDanI hada hAlanI mAphaka siMdhu nadInI pazcime ja AvIne aTakI jatI nahAtI; (32) eTale Akho eziyAI mAinara-nukastAna tathA IrAnano cheDoka bhAga (tathA AgaLa upara sAbita karIzuM ke arabastAnane bhAga paNuM ) mULe samudrarUpe ja hato. ane A samudra te bIje kaI nahIM, paNa jaMbudvIpathI zApine jude pADate ja samudra jaNo; pachI te samudrane palaTe thaIne jyAre jamIna thaI gaI tyAre tene zakahapanA eka bhAga tarIke lekhe (jema ma. sA. I. pR. 4januM avataraNa je uparanI TIkA naM. 17 mAM karyuM che te pramANe lakhavAmAM AvyuM che) je samudrane palaTo thaIne jamIna thayAnuM A TIkAmAM jaNAvyuM che tene pU. 13ra uparanA zAkopanA varNanamAM (1) kalamamAM je samudranI rekhA dorI che temAMnA kAripaana samudramAMthI, eka phATe dakSiNa tarapha laMbAya hate ema mAnI levuM rahe che,

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paricacheda ] arthanI samajAti 137 paNa tenI pazcime TheTha IrAnanI pazcima hada sudhI zAdIpa saMdhAI javAne- he joIe laMbAI hatI. ane jyAre prAcIna graMtha ema thayuM. jyAre jene matanI mAnyatAmAM ema kahe che ke rAmacaMdrajInA kumAra lavanuM tathA paTAvIe to mahAbhAratane samaya eTale kRSNa kRSNakumAra zAMbanuM rAjya zAkadvIpanA koIka vAsudevanA kAkAnA dIkarA zrI neminAthane samaya. bhAgamAM hatuM, tyAre ema samajavuM rahe che ke temane teo bAvIsamA tIrthakara tarIke oLatemanuM rAja hAlanA AphrikAkhaMDanA bhAgamAM hatuM. khAve che ane zrutikArane samaya eTale temanA paNa je IrAna ke aphagAnistAnanA keI bhAgamAM trevIsamA tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha jamyA heta te tene zA dvIpamAM hevAne badale jaMbaMdhI- (A samaya I. sa. pU. 778 =juo pu. 1 pamAM ke bharatakhaMDamAM hatuM, ema kahIne lakhata. pU.30-97) te pUrve 100 thI 150 varSano thaye tenI sAthe ema paNa siddha thaI gayuM ke kahevAya; ane A sarva samayanA aMtarane-eTale jayAMsudhI kRSNa vAsudevanI haiyAti hatI ane jene zrI neminAthanA janmathI mAMDIne, zrI pArzvanAthanA ApaNe mahAbhAratanA yuddhane samaya ga che janma sudhInA samayane-jaina pAribhASika zabdamAM tyAMsudhI zAkaThIpa ane jadIpa bane chUTAM ja bAvIzamAM tIrthakarane samaya kahevAya che athavA hatAM; paNa upaniSado tathA kRtio jyAre racAI vizeSa spaSTa bhASAmAM bolavuM hoya te (Ane I. sa. pU nI nava ke dazanI sadIne "bAvIsamA tIrthaMkaranA vArAmAM" te banAva aMdAja gavAmAM Avyo che ke tyAre A baMne banyAnuM kahevAze. dIpe saMdhAI gayA hatA; kemake A graMthanA ATaluM vivecana zAkadIpanA sthAnanI kartAonuM mULa sthAna ja A pradezamAM gaNAyuM utpatti bAbata thayuM. paNa e vAta khAsa dhyAnamAM che. eTale vaidika matanA AdhAre te be banAvanI rAkhavA jevI che ke, temAM vasatA lokenI oLakha vacce kayAreka A mahApralaya-jaMbudvIpa ane mATe kyAMya "zaka ke anya zabda vaparAya (32) A sthAne batAvela pheraphAra eTale ke zAkahIpa ane jaMbadvIpa je chuTA hatA tene badale saMdhAI gayA te A banAva kayAre bane te bAbatanI carcA atra asthAne che; paNa prasaMga paDaye ApaNe te karavI te paDoja, kemake te upara mahAbhArata ane rAmAyaNanA kALane nirNaya bAMdhI zakAya tema che. vaidika dharmanA paMDito ane abhyAsAoe mahAbhAratane samaya ghaNuM ghaNuM saMzodhana pachI I. sa. 1. 3201 nA TharAvyuM che. vaLI sva. lokamAnya tilakano abhiprAya paNa teja che, janarala sara kaniMgahAme paNa buka ena enhAnTa IrAjha' nAmanA potAnA pustakamAM teja pramANe gaNanA karI batAvI che. * kharI rIte te tIrthakarane jJAna prApti thAya 18 tyArathI ja temanuM tIrtha gaNAya che. paNa te bArIka bheda samajavA jeTaluM ahIM sthAna na hovAthI temanA janmathI temanuM tIrtha mAnavAnuM ahIM lakhyuM che. (33) ahIM A viSayane kAMIka vistRta karI batAvavAno hetu e che ke je prasaMga maLaze to mAre ema siddha karI batAvavuM che ke uparanI neTa naM. 32 mAM tenA (mahAbhAratanA yuddhanA) samaya viro je mAnyatA atyAre baMdhAI che temAM bahu ja meTA pheraphAra karavAnI jarUra che. te siddha karI batAvavAmAM upayogI thaI paDe mATe tenA mULa tarIke ATalo pAye ropI rAkhavo jarUrI gaNAya che. vaLI sarakhAvo pu. 1 5, 95; bIjI eka khUbI e thaI rahI che ke, je mehanaDe (siMdhu nadInA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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138 mAlUma paDatA nathI; eTale sahuja anumAna bAMdhI zakAya ke te samaye zakaprajAne zAkadrIpa sAthe kAIpaNa jAtanA saMbaMdha haze nahIM. (2) zayadvIpa--A zabda mATenI vyAkhyA karatAM ke. hi. IM. pR. 57ra tathA pR. 564 mAM jaNAvAyuM' che ke drIpa=dukha, a country between the two rivers= e nadI vaccenA pradeza te drIpa. Ama vyAkhyA karIne be dRSTAMta ApyAM che. ( 1 ) zakIpa ( duAba )=Indus Delts; eTale ke, siMdhu nadI jyAM samudrane maLe che ane je sthAna AgaLa tenI aneka zAkhA thaI jAya che tathA jyAM baudh sAhitya pramANe pAtAlanagara hAvAnI kalpanA karAi che (jIe pu. 1, pR. 221.) ane je trikoNAkAra pradezane sidhuDelTA tarIke oLakhAvAya che tene zakadvIpa kahevAne hetu che. vaLI tenuM vivaraNa karatAM lakhe che ke "A few years later cir, B, C, 75, there arose another formidable power on the west. The Scythians (Sakas ) traNe sthAnAnAM praderAmAM lArakhAnA jIllAmAM AveluM prAcIna zaheranA avarodheAvALuM gAma )nI saMskRtI mahAbhAratanA samayathI keTalAya aMze arvAcIna che tene I. sa. pU. pAMca ke cha hunnara pahelAnI gaNAve che jyAre khUda mahAbhAratanA samayane i. sa. pU. 3201ne eTale mehanAre| pachI be ke traNa hajAra pachIne gaNAve che. (34) ke, hI. iM, pR. 562:-Saka Dwipa=the river-country of the Sakas: Indus delta=Scythia or Indo-scythia=Settlements of the Saka people ( P. 569f, n. 1 )=zaka dvIpa=nzaka prajAnA nadI uparano dezaH siMdha duAba= sithi athavA IMsasithigmA : rAka praznanAM vasAhatI sa'sthAnA (pR. 569 TI, na, 1 ). (35) temane kahevAnA atha e che ke, rAkAra Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ prathama of Seistan had occupied the delta of the Indus, which was known thereafter to Indian writers as Sakadwipa, the Doab of the Sakas and to the Greek geographers as IudoScythia=Azare i. sa. pU. pa0 pachI thADAMka varSe, 35 pazcimamAM eka jabarajasta prajAne udbhava thaya|. zistAnanA sithiyanA 6 (zA ) siMdhunA duHAbamAM rahevA lAgyA tyArathI te pradezane hiMdI lekhakAe zakadvIpa urphe zakanA duAba ane grIka bhUgALavettAoe inDA sithiyA37 tarIke oLakhavA mAMDayeA. eTale ema kahevAne mAMge che, ke zistAna athavA zakasthAnanA mULa vatanIA te zaka athavA sithiana; ane temanA nAma uparathI temanA pradezane zithiyA paNa kahI zakAya; tathA yArathI temAMnA thoDA bhAga hiMdamAM AvIne siMdhu nadInA mukha AgaLanA duHkhamAM vasavATa karI rahyo tyArathI te bhAgane zApa athavA inDosithiyA kahevAvA lAgyA. A uparathI samajAze vikramAditye i. sa. x 57 mAM harAvIne peAtAnA je vikrama savata sthApana karyA hatA te zaprAne uddabhava I. sa. pU. 57 ane 75 nI vacce, siMdhu nadInA A dukhavALA pradezamAM thayA hatA, (36) A zaka prajA je duAkhamAM rahevA AvI hatI athavA zistAnanA vatanI hatA. 19 mAM maiM, sA. I. pU. 44 nuM nAma sekI kahyuM che). ahiM siMdhu nadInA te mULe zaka sthAna (sarakhAveza TI, na, kathana jemAM tenuM (37) InDA zabda sithiyAne zeDayo che teja batAve che ke, mULa sithiyA athavA sithiyana praznanu sthAna tA hiMda bahAraja hatu. ane pAchaLathI hiMdamAM temanu' sthAna je thayuM tene oLakhavA mATe InDA zabda joDIne inphosithiyA ' pADayuM, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] ke zIpa evu' nAma bhale apAyu che, pazu te vAstavika rIte bhUMgALamAM jene dvIpa eTale cAre tarapha kratuM pANI8 ane vacamAM jamIna hovAnu jaNAvAya che evu' te sthAna nathI. tema jene prAcIna graMthAmAM zAkadvIpa ( paNa zadvIpa nahIM ja ) kahIne vaSNubyA che te paNa te nathI, paNa tenAthI taddana nirALA ja deza che. ( 2 ) ane khIjA dRSTAMtamAM brahmadIpane=pa'jAbanI pAMca nadIemAMnI be vaccenA pradezaH A kAika brahmadvIpanI 39 sAthe ApaNe atre kAMi levAdevA nathI tethI te saMbaMdhI mAtra ATalA IsArA karIne ja AgaLa vadhIzu. ( 3 ) have trIjA nAmanI-zakasthAnanIvyAkhyA samajIe. upara zIpa naM 2 nI vyAkhyAnI samaja ApatAM ja jaNAvI gayA chIe ke tene zistAna athavA sithiyA eTale zakaprajAnu` saMsthAna paNa kahevAmAM AvatuM hatuM. nakazAmAM jetA A zistAnanI 6 TUMkamAM A pramANe nAMdhI pUrva mAM hAlanI sidhu nadI, zaherathI dakSiNe samudrane sAMdhatI sIdhI zakAya tema che. pazcime herAta lITI, dakSiNe (38) duAkhamAM hamezAM be bAnu nadI hAca che ane vacamAM jamIna heAya che; paNa jyAM te be nadI maLe ane khUNA thAya te trIjI bAtu bane : eTale duAkhanI traNa bAju pANI hoya ema kahI zakAya. paNa A sidhu nadInA dukhAbanA kissAmAM te jyAM nadI samudramAM bhaLI jAya che tyAM te ceAthI bAjI I ane te pANIvALA ja bhAga rahyo; eTale samunTa pAse Avela A duAbane dvIpanI vyAkhyA lAgu pADI zakAya tema che ?". arthanI samajUti ( 39) prAcIna sAhityamAM-vaidika, jaina temaja anyamAM-dvIpanuM nAma keTalIka vakhata najare paDe che. eTale tenI kAMIka mAhitI rahe te mATe ja aDDI' tene ullekha noMdhavA paDayA che. ( 40 ) baluciratananA keTalAka bhAgane-khAsa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 139 samudra ane uttare herAta zaherathI lAna dArIne khAlanabATanA raste zikArapura najIka siMdhune maLa zake te lITI. A caturkImAnI vacce dherAyale pradeza te zistAna kahevAya ane temAM vasatI prajA te zakaH vaLI temAM humaDa nadI je hAmana sarovarane maLe che te, tathA pR. 135 mAM jaNAvela traNa sarAvarA tathA AgaLa pR. 141 mAM jaNAvela upaniSado ane zrutikAranA mULa sthAnanA samAveza thaI jAya che. have jo nakazAmAM bArIkAithI tapAsIzu tA A zistAnamAM vamAna agAnistAnane dakSiNu tarakA mATA bhAga ane lagabhaga AkhA balucistAna40 samAI jate| dekhAze, paNa irAnanA jarA jeTalA bhAga paNa AvatA ja nathI. athavA kadAca AvatA gaNA tAye te te mAtra sarahade-sImAe AvatA nAnA paTTI pradeza ja che. paNa zrutikAra manu bhagavAnanI sAhedata ApIne TI. 19 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe bhau. sA. I nA karyAM pR. 44 mAM ema kathe che ke, sakI nAmanA prAMta hatA te prAcIna parziyAnA eka bhAga hatA ane temAM zagalAka, kAMmAja,41 karIne pazcima bhAganeGandriana geDIAnA hevAtA hatA : ahIMnI praznane paNa zaja kahevAya ane AgaLa jatAM ApaNe ema paNa jaNAvIzu` ke A zaka praja hiM'damAM AvIne vasyA bAda temAMthI gurjara praznanI utpatti thaI che, paNa pAzcAtya vidvAna gurjara praznane TrAsasa paryaMta pradezanA kAI George town ke Georgia=jyorja TAuna kenyA AmAMthI utarI Avela mAne che, te temaNe zu te praznane A gaeNnDrIAnA ( kemake jyAA ane gaeNnDromanA lagabhaga eka rIte ja lakhAya che. eTale ekjhInanuM apabhra'za thayuM haze ke ? ) nA pradezamAMthI utarI AvelI mAnavAne badale upara pramANe mAnI lIdhuM haze ? (41 ) ApaNe A 'khAja praznanuM sthAna agAnistAnanA uttara pUrva bhAgamAM khatAvyuM che (jIe www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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140. tyArapachI [ prathama pahalava,4ra pAradA aura yavana Adi prasaMgopAta varNana karatAM karatAM jaNAvIzuM ke, upavibhAgovALI prajA vasI rahI hatI; eTale vartamAna vidvAnoe A paradezI prajAne, pachI ApaNe je pradezane ziratAna karAvyo che te te pArthiana heya, na hoya, palava hoya, kuzAna uparAMta, sikI nAmanA prAMtamAM keTalIka vize hoya ke kSaharATa hoya, paNa sarvene lagabhaga eka bhUmi AvI hatI ane vizeSa bhUminI prajAmAM lAkaDIe ja hAMye rAkhI sithiyana eTale zaka kAMbeja, pahalava, pArada aura yavanene gaNavAmAM tarIke ja oLakhAvyA karI che. chatAM I. e. 5 37 AvatA hatA. eTale samajAya che ke A sarve I. sa. 1908 nA aMkamAM pR 42 mAM tenA lekhake ekabIjAnA aDIaDIne pADozI thatA hevAthI A badhe Topalo kevaLa hiMdI lekhakone mAthe ja temanA sarvenAM sthAne ekatritapaNe prAcIna samaye oDhADI dIdho che. te bhAIsAheba lakhe che ke"sI" nAmanA pradezanuM nAma ApyuM lAge che. Indians cared very little whether ATalA badhA spaSTa vivaraNuthI vAcaka- the invader was a Parthian, Saka or vargane khulluM samajAyuM haze ke, prAcIna samayane a Kushan. The conqueror came zAkaThIpa te taddana judI ja from Saka-dwipa ( outside Jambusavano sAra bhUmi che. tene zaka prajA dwipa ) and so he was a Sakar sAthe koI jAtane saMbaMdha ja AkramaNakAra koNa hata-pArthiana, zaka ke nathI. tema zakAya ane zakasthAna te be paNa kuzANu--te jANavAnI hiMdIo bahu juja paravA bhinna bhinna sthAne chezIpa te pAchaLathI zaka- rAkhatA. zakaThIpamAMthI ( jaMbadvIpanI bahAprajAe vasAvela mAtra eka vasAhata che jyAre ravI) te vijetA A mATe tene zaka tarIke zakasthAna te temanuM mULa sthAna che ke je pradezamAM ja oLakhatA. A temanI TIkA keTalA pramANamAM manubhagavAna vigere upaniSada ane zratikAranuM sAcI che te mATe amAre kahevA karatAM vAcakautpanna thavuM thayuM che. varga pite ja svayaM vicArI leze. A pramANe vastusthiti hovA chatAM ApaNe mR. 128 ane 133nA prAraMbhamAM jaNAvyA pu. 1 5. chI.) (42) palava mATe AgaLa juo: temanuM vatana irAna kahevuM paDaze (juo AgaLa upara). (43) pArada prajAnA dezane pAAi tarIke oLakhIne te pranane pArthiana tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvI che. tenuM sthAna ApaNe IrAnanA uttarapUrva bhAgamAM TharAvyuM che te juo AgaLa upara ) (44) yavana ane yena zabdanuM mizraNa karI naMkhAyuM che (juo pu. 1, 5. 103. ahIM na zabda kharI rIte joIe : ApaNe temane bekaTIansa tarIke oLakhAvIne bekaDrIAnA vatanI kahyA che, (45) AmAM lekhaka zakahIpa kone kahevA mAMge che te ja prathama te samajAtuM nathI. eka bAjU pite zakIpane jaMbudvIpanI bahAra hovAnuM mAne che jyAre bIjI bAjU A AkramaNakArone (pArthiyana, zaka ane kuzANane traNene ) hiMdI pana eTale jaMbadvIpamAMnI mana tarIke jeo oLakhe che temanI jaMga bhASAmAM Takora kare che, paNa ApaNe have joI zakyA chIe ke, dareka AkramaNakAra jaMbudvIpanI ja ana che. tyAre vAMcaka vicArI joze ke hiMdo prajanI mAnyatA sAcI che ke te pate sAcA che. AmAM te TIkA karavA jatAM pote ughADA paDI jatA dekhAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] temanuM zuM thayuM ? 14 pramANe prathama jakhadIpa-zakaThIpanI bhaugolika eTale eka moTe bhAge vaLI tyAMthI dakSiNa tarapha sthiti ApaNe vicArI cUkayA vanyo ane eka nAno bhAga cIna ane tibeTa tyArapachI chIeH temAM prasaMge upasthita tarapha utaryo. atyArasudhI temane mukhya vyavatemanuM thatAM zaka prajA saMbaMdhI paNa sAya-Dhora cAravAM, ghaDAo rAkhavAM, ghoDesvArI zuM thayuM ? keTalAka vicAra jaNAvI dIdhA karavI ityAdi pazudhananAM kAryo karavAmAM ja-17 che (je te vistRta adhikAra samAyalo hate. have ahIMthI ApaNuM A haju AgaLa upara lakhavo rahe che). paNa atra itihAsamAM varNavAtI paradezI prajAne saMbaMdha Arya-anArya prajA saMbaMdhI jaNAvavuM rahe che. zarU thAya che. yugayuganI jUnI vAtonA papaDA ukheLavAnuM A je bhAga dakSiNa tarapha vaLe hati temaNe sthAna nathI. mAtra je kAMI ApaNane lAge- pR. 139 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe zistAna vaLage che te saMbaMdhI belatAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, vasAvyuM eTale havethI temane sithianya athavA jaMbadvIpanA madhya bhAgavALA merU parvatanA pradezathI zaka nAmathI oLakhavA nyAyapUrvaka gaNI zakAze. eka ToLuM pUrva tarapha vaLyuM ane bIjuM pazcima temAM dhIme dhIme saMskRtine vikAsa thavA mAMDyo tarapha eTale yuropa tarapha vaLyuM. ApaNe atre jethI temanA je bhAge vidyAbhyAsa vigere kAryo pUrva taraphanA ToLA saMbaMdhe ja hakIkata jANavI karyA temaNe asaMskRta ane ana-abhyAsI varganuM rahe che. pUrvanA ToLAmAM nAno bhAga vartamAna dhyAna kheMcavA mAMDayuM. A saMskRta varga anyathI mAMgelIA maMcurIyA 6 tarapha gaye ane me pUjAvA lAge. vaLI AgaLa jatAM A pUnyabhAga ekasasa nadIvALA bhAgamAM ja sthita vargamAMthI zratikAra manu bhagavAna tathA anya upabanI rahevA lAge. tyAMthI vaLI kALa gaye jema niSadakAra che. temanA jJAnane lIdhe vizeSapaNe jema temanAM baccAMkacyAM vadhatAM gayAM ane prakAzamAM AvyA ane duniyAmAM jhaLakI uThayA. vasavATane mATe tathA dhaMdhAdhApA mATe jarUra paDatI temane samaya I. sa. pU. 10 ke 9 mI sadI gaI tema tema teone sthAnAMtara karavuM ja rahyuM. gaNAya. dakSiNa taraphanA bhAgavALAnI A pramANe (41) A kAraNathI siddha thAya che ke tyAM bhAratakhaMDanA magadha dezanA licchavI jatanA kSatriya jevI praja ( vaLI juo 5, 2, pR. 314-15 nI hakIkata. tathA tene lagatI TIkAo.) vase che. temanAM zarIranA raMga kaMcanavarNa-suvarNa raMganA hevAthI temane pILA mAnavI (Yellow people ) tarIke oLakhAvAya che, - jema teonAM zarIranA vaNuM kaMcanavarNa che tema bharatakhaMDanI prAcInatama samayanI prajAne paNa te ja raMga hate. khAsa karIne jaina ane pitAnA tIrthakara mahAtmAnA moTA bhAgane kaMcanavarNa kAyA hovAnuM mAne che, (47) c. H. I, P. 564:-In all ages the name "scythians' has been applied gene. rally to the nomads inhabiting the no. rthern regions of Europe and Asia= yuropa ane eziyAnA uttara pradezamAM vasatI ghoDesvArI karatI prajAne sarve yugamAM sithiyansazakanA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. [noTa-temanA dhaMdhAne lagatI ane vasavATane lAgatI hakIkata sAcI che. bAkI temane zaka kahevAmAM AvatA te hakIkata khoTI che. ane A temanI mAnyatAne lIdhe ja jyAM ne tyAM temaNe pote paNa gothAM khAdhAM che temaja ItihAsanAM varNanamAM paNa goTALo karI dIdho che. sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 45. tathA " sarvane sAra' vALA pArigrAphanI hakIkata]

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142 tyArapachI [ prathama sthiti thaI; vaLA je bhAga cIna ane tibeTa tarapha gayo hato temAM paNa dhIme dhIme saMskRti ane vidyAbhyAsane AvirbhAva thavA pAmya hato; temAMye cIna tarapha gayelI prajA vadhAre saMskRta banI gaI; jyAre tibeTa ane kheTAna taraphavALI addha jaMgalI ja rahI gaI. saMskRta prajAne vasavATanI pAchI jarUrata lAgavAthI jaya meLavavAnI muzkelI UbhI thaI; paNa vadhAre pUrvamAM jAya che tyAM te samudra hatuM eTale pazcima tarapha temane Thelo mAra paDyo; tethI TIbeTa ane khATAnamAM je paDI rahI hatI tathA:ochI saMskRta ane jaMgalI hatI temanI sAthe yuddha thayuM. je majabUta hatA ane jeNe jIta meLavI hatI te tyAM ja himAlayanI uttare paDI rahyA jyAre jaDa bharata jevA ke kAMIka saMskRta paNa zarIre nabaLA hatA, temaNe uThagiri karIne pazcimane mArga lIdhe; ane dhIme dhIme pAchA asala vatana-okasasa nadIvALA pradezamAM AvI gayA. itihAsamAM jene yu-cI nAmanI prajAja8 tarIke oLa. khAvAya che te A vAraMvAra haselA khAtI cIna taraphathI AvIne ahIM cinAI turkastAnamAM vaselI prajA samajavI. ATalI kriyA thavAmAM I. sa. pU nI pAMcamI chaDI sadI lagabhaga AvI gaI; vaLI tyAM TharIThAma thaine be traNa sadI jyAM gALI nahIM hoya teTalAmAM, yuropamAM jaI vaselI prajAmAMthI jemaNe bhUmadhya samudramAMnA AyanIyana TApuonI mAlikI lIdhI hatI ane jeo grIka athavA mesInIananA nAme oLa khAtA hatA tathA jene prAcIna hiMdI graMthakAroe temanA vatana " AnIyA' uparathI yavana kahIne saMbodhyA che teoe, pUrva taraphanI Arthika jAhojalAlInA tathA saMskRtinA vRttAMte sAMbhaLI te deza jotAnI abhilASA sevI; eTale temaNe potAnA mahattvAkAMkSI ane bhara yuvAnIne uchaLatA lohIvALA saradAra alekajhAMDaranI preraNA nIce AkramaNa karyuM. vacamAM AvatAM eziAI turkI tathA IrAna jItI laI tyAMnI zahenazAhatane khatama karI nAMkhI49) pachI hiMda upara dhasAro lAvyA. A yavananuM pachI zuM thayuM te itihAsa, ApaNe pu. 2 mAM trIjA khaMDe saptama paricchedamAM pR. 226 thI 243 sudhImAM vistArathI varNavI gayA chIe; paNa atra je noMdha levI ghaTe che te eTalI ja ke, A pradezamAM je yavane potAnA prathamanA ke pIchehaThanA prayANumAM rahI gayA hatA, te sarve tyAMnA vatanI enI sAthe dhIme dhIme vyavahAra saMbaMdhamAM AvI gayA. ane te bAda te saghaLAnI oLakha temanAM vasavATanA prAMte uparathI judA judA nAme thavA pAmI. jemake (1) irAnI (bIjuM nAma pahalava) sAthe rahIne je prAMta vacce te pArada (jene hAla kherAsana kahevAya che) ane tenI prajA pAradIyana-pArthiane (2) okasasa nadIvALI prajA sAthe rahIne bekarIAmAM vasavATa karyo tethI bekaTrIansa thayA. ane temanuM asala nAma je yavana hatuM tene bhaLatuM yona " nAma temane lAgu pADavAmAM AvyuM. (48) A yuyI prana mATe kuzAna vaMrAnI utpattimAM juo. 5, 4 nA aMta bhAgamAM. (49) A kAraNathI i. sa1, 332-330 nA samayanI irAnI zahenazAatamAM, rAjakartA IrAnI zahenazAhanI vaMzAvaLI maLavAnI nathI; pAcho na vaMza be sadI bAda haiyAtImAM Avyo che tyArathI IrAnI zahenazAhanAM nAme maLI Ave che ( juo pu. 2, pR. 307 nuM varNana tathA tenI * rIkAnI hakIkata.). (50) juo uparamAM rI, naM. 59 mAM mai. sA, I. 5. 44 nuM avataraNa,

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pari che ] temanuM zuM thayuM ? 143 A prAMtamAM yavana prajAne bhAga rahI (2) pAthI ansa-mULe irAnanA vatanI javA pAmyo hato tethI temanuM nAma mukhyatAe eTale palavAjha Pahalvas ( palavAjha nahIMyavanane maLatuM ja jeDI kaDhAyuM dekhAya che. tema te mATe AgaLa juo ); paNa kAmakAjane aMge te prajAe potAnuM svataMtra rAjya sthApyuM hatuM temaja yavanA humalA vakhate, irAnanA izAna tethI itihAsamAM te vizeSa khyAti pAmI che. khUNe khorAsanamAM jaI vasela. A kherAsanane A badhA banAva I. sa. pU. nI cothI ane asalamAM "pArada' nAmathI oLakhatA haze eTale ane trIjI sadImAM banyAnuM gaNavuM rahe che. te uparathI te prajAnuM nAma pAradIyana-pArathIana (3) jene kaMboja prAMta kahevAmAM AvatA ane paDayuM; vaLI A pArthiyana prajAmAMthI paNa je jenI prajA kharedI bhASA bolatI hatI temane hiMdamAM jaine vasI tene inDo-pArthiyana= kSaharATa kahIne oLakhavAmAM AvyA. hiMdI pArthiana tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvI. te AkramaNakAra A pAMce paradezI prajAo prAMtanAM mukhya zahero astrAbAda, mazada ane vizenI ApaNuM khapajogI tAtkALika sama- herAta che. jyAre khare IrAna deza te A khorAjUtI ApaNane have maLI gaI kahevAze. jyAre sananI pazcimavALo bhAga gaNo ane temAM vizeSa samajUtI te te pratyekanA rAjaamalanI teharAna, ispAna vigere zahero AvelAM che. vicAraNuM karIzuM tyAre ja AlekhavI raheze. palavAjha (Pallavas) keTalAka ItihAsa eTale atyAre te pAMcenI samIkSArUpe sArI mAtra kAre A prajAne palavAjha (Pallavas ) TAMkIne AgaLa vadhIzuM. tarIke oLakhAve che, paNa kharI rIte te tema pAMce prajAnAM nAma, oLakha nathI ja. pahalavAjha te IrAnI prajA heine, tathA TUMka samIkSA hiMdanI bahAranI prajA tarIke temane paradezImAM (1) bekaTrIansa-bekaTrIA prAMtanA rahIza haju gaNI zakAya; paNa A palavAjha te dakSiNa te bekaTTIansa, temanuM hiMdI nAma yona. muLe hiMdamAM vasanArI prajA che; tethI temane paradezanI teo alekajhAMDara dhI greITa sAthe Avela; eTale gaNatrImAM laI zakAya ja nahI. paNa ahIM tenuM temanAmAM grIka prajAnuM lohI samajavuM paNa temanI nAma je levuM paDayuM che te atyAra sudhInA pIche haTha veLAe A prAMtamAM rahI gayA. asala- itihAsakAroe A banne nAmanuM sthira karI nA grIkane yavanaprajA tarIke oLakhAvAtI nAkhela hovAthI temane bheda samajAvavA pUratuM ja eTale A prajAno temAMthI vikAsa thayela lekhavuM. bAkI te hiMdI prajA hevAthI, paradezI hevAnA kAraNe, tene ja bhaLatuM "yena' nAma AkramaNakAronI saMkhyAmAM temano samAveza karI apAyuM. A hakIkata uparathI samajAze ke yavana zakAya nahIM. dakSiNa hiMdanA celA rAjyane ane yena banne judI ja prajA che temaja temanuM meTo bhAga A prajAthI vasAyelo hato. balka vatana paNa juduM che. bekaTTI prAMtanA be khArA celavaMzI rAjAo A prajAmAMnA ja hatA ema ane balka nAme be mukhya zahere che. kahIe to paNa cAle. temanAM mukhya zahera kaDapA, (51) nIce inDasithiyananI oLakha ApI che. te sAthe sarakhAve,

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144 anatapura, kAranula, ArakATa vigere gaNavAM, ( 3 ) zaka- sithiyansa; temanuM mULasthAna zistAna-zakasthAna. naM. 2 nI pArthiane prajAnI dakSiNanA mulaka; temAM vartamAnanA karamAna, zistAna, pariza ane balucistAna, kalATa esTeITa i, i. nA samAveza thAya che. temAM kAi meTAM zahera| AvelAM to nathI ja. je gaNeA te karamAna, gvAdarakhaMdara, lAza, amapura, miri, jalka, talpa che. bAkI badhAM nAnAM ane pahADI gAmaDAMo ja che. te prajAnA je bhAga biMdu tarapha utarI paDyo ane tyAM vasyA temane InDa-sithiyansapara= hiMdIzaka prajA tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che, satA sAra ( 4 ) kSaharATAjhapa3; hAlanI sidhu nadI ane hiMdukuza parvata vacceno bhAga ( eTale uparanA ekaTrInI dakSiNanA ane pAthIAnI pUrvA tathA zistAnanI uttaraneA bhAga samajave, temAM hAlanA kAkrIstAna, citrAla ane kAbula nadInI khINavALA bhAga AvI jAya che. asalamAM jene gemejIyA athavA kheAja kahetA teneA A eka bhAga hatA. A eja tathA gAMdhAra ( jene hAla jAma kahevAya che te) upara ( 12 ) uparamAM IMnDA pAainsa sAthe sarakhAve. (53) prakhyAta vaiyAkaraNo pANininuM vatana A praderAmAM hatuM, temanI bhASA kharANI hatI ( qhue pu. 2. pR. 97. ) te tathA tenA bIjA be mitro-pU. cANakya ane 5. vararUcI-takSilAnI vidyAlayamAM AcArya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ prathama eka hiMdI rAjAtI ja ANu pravartI rahIpa4 hatI kakhAja dezanA mukhya zaherAmAM, kAbula, pezAvara, jalAlAbAda, ginI vigere gaNAvI zakAya. (5) kuzAnaH--A prajA vize ApaNe hAla kAMi ja kahevuM yeAgya dhAyuM" nathI, kemake tenu varNana ceAthA pustakamAM AvavAnu cheH bAkI te yu-cI nAme oLakhAtI prajAnu' eka aMga hAine teTalA ullekha uparamAM karI dIdheA che. ( jue pR. 142 tathA TIkA na. 48 ), A sarve prajAnAM bhaugAlika sthAne tathA utpatti jotAM tadana bhinna bhinna che ja; tathApi eka vakhata eka rAjAnI sattAmAM ane bIjI vakhata bIjAnI sattAmAM, ema temane vAraMvAra palaTA thavAthI, te sthaLeAnI saghaLI prajAnAM rAharasama eka bIjAne arasaparasa maLatAM thai gayAM hatAM. temaja vepAra vahevAranA saMsargamAM AvavAthI tathA vasavATanA nikaTapaNAne lAdhe te sarvenI raheNIkaraNImAM akalpanIya sAdazatA AvI gai hatI; je ApaNe te sarvenuM pRthapaNe varNana karatI vakhate prasaMgeA upasthita thatA jaze tema jaNAvIzuM paNa kharA. tarIke kAma karatA hatA tyAMthI A tripuTIne magadhapati navamA naMda peAtAnA derAmAM lAnyA hatA, 4, (te mATe jue pu. 1, pR. 356 ) (54) A mATe jue pu. 1, pR. 71 thI 73 upara kabAjanuM vadhyuna, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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i. sa. pU. hiMdI samrATa Amperors moryavaMza IrAnanA zahenazAha King of Kings yavanapatio Great Kings (ba) alekajhAMDara dhI greITa janma 356 : maraNa 323 350 arabelAnuM yuddha 331 alekajhAMDaranI sattA taLe siriyansa (selyusAIDa vaMza selyukasa nikeTara 321-2 325 biMdusAra | 358330=28 azokavardhana 330-289-41 priyadarzina [ 289-235=54, Azare 284 thI 250 sadhI maurya sAmrAjyanA adhikAramAM enTIokasa pahele (saTara) 281-261 275 (4) enTIokasa bIje nathI 261-23 be traNa nAnA rAjAo 238 250 vRSabhasena 236-223=9 (ka) Arasekasa vaMza (svataMtra) Arasekasa 1 thI 4 250-181=69 225 200 enTIokasa trIjA 223-19 (Arasekasa trIjAne | samakAlIna) cAra rAjAo 227-20=23 zugavaMza animitra keTasa pahele : Arasekasa pAMcamo 204-174=30 181-174=7 | vasumitra -4-182=21) , draka : ba La mitra. migreDeTasa pahela : Arasekasa cho 174-158=16 174-136=38 (bIjA thayA che paNa ApI nisabata na hovAthI A utAravA jarUra lAgI na 175 150 125 bhAga : bhAnamitra Tisa bIjo 136-128=8 158-142016 ArTabenasa bIje | 128-123=pa cAra rAjAo mitheDeTasa dhI greITa (bIjo) 142-114=18 : [ 123-88=35 kSaharATa vaMza nahapANa 114-74=40........ gadaMbhIla vaMza be traNa nAnA rAjAe gabhIla 74-64=10 [ 88 thI 60=28 75 prArthaansa zaka rAjAo 64-57=7 (1) asala gAdI migreDeTasa trIje 60-56= | vikramAditya zakAri..... ( 57thI I. sa. 7=6 0 (2) inDe pArTIansa jhIjhamega......... .. | 80-75=5...... ajhIjha pahelo 75-58=17 erosa pahelo ane deTasa cotho 56-37=19 ajhIlIjha 58-00=18 I. sa. vananI pahelo vikrama caritra* 3-30=27 ajhIjha bIje 30 thI I. sa. 19=49 goDaphAranesa 19-45 26 25 dhamAditya 304=14 ane gAdI (bhatrIjo)ajhIjhabIje eka thaI gaI 50 traNa rAjAe 44 thI 78=34 meM A tathA tenI nIcenA be rAjAono samaya haju zodhavo rahe che,

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8140 * on positiaa iaa esa) kirizrapatie priyadarzina-maurya : 23 ( Kings) svataMtra bejhIyA (na) 223=15 jAlauka 205-205== DIoDoTasa pahele 250-245=5 DIDeTasa bIje 245-30=15 pa= 28, hiMdamAM gAdI rasthApI dAmodara ra05-175 (Aza. lbld = yuthIDIesa 230-05-25 DimeTrIasa......(ekaMdara ra3 varSa ). 205-19=1 yukreTAIjha 192-180=2 .Triasa. 192-182=10 nA. ' pAsethI mathurA vigere jItI lIdhA helI okalsa minenDara 182-159=3 (chela rAjA) sahazaTa mahAsagapo (1) madhya hiMdamAM bhUmaka 159-114=45 mathurAmAM rAjula 154-114=40 takSilAmAM liaka 154-116=38 nahapANa: avaMtipati banyo "aa 114 thI 74=40 saMDAsa 114-78=36 pAtika 116-78=38 sithiyAsa (3) Amane I. sa. pR. 57 mAM zakAri vikramAditye harAvyA hatA. s . * tries *er mArA SYLIbana (aa '' .... A banene inDopArjiana rAja majhIjhe jItI lIdhA hatA. TIpaNu-kayA kayA rAjAo paraspara samakAlIna paNe thaI gayA che te jANavAne upayogI thaI paDe mATe samayanA koThA pADIne A vaMzAvaLI goThavI batAvI che. () A vaMzAvaLI a. hi. I. trIjI AvRtti pR. 207 tathA ke, hi. I. vigere pustakenI sarakhAmaNI karIne ubhI karI che. A vaMzAvaLI velzakRta IrAna" mAMthI uSNata karI che. 1) bhA. prA. rA. pu. 2 ju, pR. 181 ane AgaLamAMthIH A traNa sivAyanI bIjI vaMzAvaLI mArA " prAcIna bhAratavarSa" nAmanA pustakamAM sAbita karI Apela che te pramANe samajI levI.

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y,II sara in fillittljit- 6 para japhara : cl: : : dvitIya pariccheda paradezI AkramaNakAra (cAlu) saMkSipta sAra- (a) yena-bekaTIansa-bekaTrIAnA rAjavaMzanI batAvelI utpatti tyAMthI mAMDIne temaNe hiMdamAM karavA paDela nivAsa sudhI Apela kamika vikAsa- (1) DimeTa asa- mULa yavanapati sAthe joDela kauTuMbika saMbaMdha ane pariNAme bekaTrIana rAjyanI thaelI sthiratA-puSyamitra ane vasumitranA hAthe hiMdamAM mAra khAdhela na saradAronI vItaka kathA sAMbhaLI teNe hiMda tarapha kareluM prayANa-hiMda taraphanI gerahAjarImAM DimeTrIAsanI khUMcavI gaelI bekarI AnI rAjagAdI-tethI tene hiMdamAM karavI paDelI rAjasthApanA-tenI sAthe AvelA vaphAdAra saradAro-teNe zuMgavaMzI samrATa sAthe khelela yuddha ane azvamedhamAM pADelI khalela-sumitranuM nIpajAveluM maraNa ane tenuM sahana karavuM paDela pariNAma- (2) minenDara-teno janma, AyuSya ane rAjakALa-teNe vistArela rAjyane karAvela TUMka paricaya-tenA kSatrapa vizenI samaja tathA oLakha-tenA saMskArI jIvana vizene thaDaka khyAla-te samayanI saMskRti ane AbAdIne Apela kAMIka citAra-minenDara pachI tenA rAjavaMzanI thayela dazAnA aMge vidvAnanuM maMtavya ane kharI sthiti vaccene batAvI Apela phera- sainika rAjanItinA eka sUtranuM samajAvela rahasya-paradezI prajAmAM pravartI rahelA hoddAo tathA temanA adhikAra vize Apela samaja-sikakA pADavAmAM tathA zilAlekha ketaravAmAM temaNe akhatyAra karelI paddhatinuM varNana - 19 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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ceAnaprajA [ dvitIya hiMdu upara AkramaNa lai AvanArI paradezI prajAnI pAMce jAtonI utpatti vize ApaNe gata paricchedamAM vivaraNa karI gayA chIe. have te darekane lagatI vizeSa hakIkata tathA temanA pratyekanA nRpatio, saradArA, kSatrape| .. je hiMdanA itihAsamAM potAnAM nAmeA amara karI gayA che. te sa vize yathAzakti vivecana karIzuM. prathama ApaNe yAna prajA saMbaMdhIne itihAsa lakhIzuM'. (4) cAna : bekaTrIansa 143 yavana ane yena zabdanA bheda darzAvatAM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, pelI AkramaNa lAvanAra grIka prajAnuM mULa vatana AryAnIyana TApu heAvAthI, temAM rahetI prajA tarIke tenuM nAma yavana paDayu' jyAre teoe anya rathaLe vasavATa karyAM eTale tyAMnI prajAnA leAhI sAthe temanu' mizraNa thayu temAMthI utpanna thaela prajAnuM nAma yAnara ( 1 ) hiM. hiM, pR. 505:--Greeks were Aryan colonists of the Mediterranean islands called the Ionians-grIka prajA bhUmadhya samudramAMnA mAryenIthana nAme eLakhAtA TApunI Aryana vasAhata che. D. R. Bhandarker : Asoka P. 30: It is in Ionia that the commercial developement of the Greeks is the earliest. There can be no doubt that, it was on account of the enterprizing spirit displayed by the Ionians that the Persians. coined the word Yavana as a general name for all the Greeks-bhAM. a. pR. 30-- grIka prajAnI audyogika pragati sauthI prathama mAyAniyAmAM ja thavA pAmI che. e te nirvivAdita che ke, AyeAniyanAe je sAhasika vRtti dAkhavI hatI tene lIdhe ja ira,nIoe sarve grIkane cavana nAmanA sAmAnya nAmathI kheAlAvavA mAMDyA hatA. J. A. H. R. S. vol. II. P. 5: Vavana does not always mean Greek in Sanskrit literature-ja. mAM. hiM. rI. se. pu. 2, pR. 5:sa'raskRta sAhityamAM calana eTale grIka ja ema sarvathA artha thatA nathI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat pAyu'. alabata, keTaleka ThekANe lAhInuM mizraNa thayuM nathI. paNa mULanI yavana prajA temanA vatanamAMthI khasIne anya sthAne jai vasI, eTale mULanA yavanathI temanI oLakha chUTI paDe te mATe paNa te zabda vaparAyA hoya ema samAya che; eTale ke te yavana prajAnI ja elAdanA kahI A pramANe banne zadeomAM taphAvata hAvA chatAM, vidvAno e te bannene eka bIjA zakAya. Asiatic Researches V; P. 266:--The Greeks are generally known as Yavause. vI. pu. pa. pR. 266:----grIka lokone sAmAnya rIte yavana tarIke eLakhAvAya che. hiM'. hi. pR. 505:--The word Javana (applied to Turks or Mahomedans) is often wrongly confounded by scholars with Vavana (the Greeks)=tu ane islAmIe mATe vaparAtA * javana ' zabdane grIka mATe vaparAtA mavana ' zabdanI sAthe vidvAnAe bheLAbheLI karI nAkhI che ( eTale temanu kahevu' ema che ke tu ne ' javana ' athavA mleccha kahevAya jyAre grIkane cavana kahevAya ) tAtparya ke yavana ane javanamAM paNa taphAvata che. . [irAnIe ane calana vacce paNa lAhInI sagAI manAya che. e aina zabde tenI samajUti. ] (2) bekaTrIkhAne je rAvaza che te kadAca A thananA dRSTAMta tarIke lekhI zakAze. tathA uparanI TI, na. 1 mAMnuM ja. mAM, huM rI. sA. vALuM avataraNa sarakhAve. (3) samrATa priyadarzinanA zilAlekhAmAM je cena bhUpationAM nAma che te khA prakAranI yavana prA samAya che; vaLI jue pu. 2 pR. 306 nI TIkAo, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] sAthe bheLavI nAMkhI parapara rIte upayAga karyuM rAkhyA che. atra ApaNe yAna eTale bekaTrIansa tarIke oLakhAtI prajAne lekhavAnI che. temanI utpatti hiMMdanI bahAra thayAnu hiMdamahAranI ApaNe gayA paricchedamAM temanI pragati jaNAvI gayA chIe. te khAda temanI pravRtti tyAM te tyAM kema ane keTale darajje AgaLa vadhI hatI te jANavAnI ApaNe jarUra to nathI ja-kemake tenu sthAna hiMdanI bahAranuM che; jyAre ApaNA A itihAsa kevaLa bhAratIya dezanA ja che; chatAM temanA je itihAsa bhAratane lagatA che te samajavAne, benI vacce je banAvA sAMkaLa rUpe saMkaLAyalA che tene Ache ane TUMkA khyAla te samajI levAnI agatyatA dekhAya che ja. nA itihAsa alekajhAMDaranA maraNa pachI tenA mulakanA aneka bhAgalA paDI gayA hatA. temAMnA eka mAMta nAme siriyAnI gAdI upara tenA mukhya saradAra je gaNAtA hatA te selyukasa nikeTAra beThA hatA, tenuM maraNa i. sa. pU. 281 mAM thatAM, tenA putra eTIekasa pahelA-seTara AvyA. te I. sa. pU. 261 mAM maraNa pAmatAM tene ja putra eMTIokasa khIjo-thIesa AvyA, vakhate siriyA ane agAnistAna vaccenA mulaka upara hiMdI samrATa priyadarzinanI ANu pravartI rahI hatI. (jIe pu. 2, pR. 308 TI.-naM. 93 ) ane priyadarzina A uparAta (4) jIe ke, hi. iM. pR. 429 The revolt of Parthia took place about simult aneously with the revolt of Bactria, although probably a year or two laterpArthiAnA baLavA paNa pekaTrIAnA baLavA samaye Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 147 yavanapati sAthe temaja anya pADe zI rAjyAnA bhUpALA sAthe mitrAcArInI gAMTha bAMdhI hatI te ApaNe teNe pote ja kAtarAvela zikSAlekhA uparathI joi zakIe chIe; chatAM pAzcA tya pradezanA itihAsakAra je ema manAvI rahyA che ke A eTIkasa bIjothImAyuvyabhicArI hAvAthI tenA rAjye baLavA uThyo hatA ane i. sa. pU. 250 nI AsapAsa tenA mulakamAMthI irAna ane bekaTrIA banne chUTA paDIne svataMtra thai gayApta hatA te, hakIkata bahu pramANabhUta lAgatI nathI, kemake, prathama tA eTIekasa pahelAne ke tenA kAi pUrvajane tAe irAna hAvAnuM ja sAbita nathI thayuM, te pachI temanAthI svataMtra thavAnu Mja kayAMthI rahe ? bAkI vAta ema banI che ke, 'idI samrATa priyadarzina te samaye vRddhAvasthAe paheAMcI gaye hatA ane pAte dhArmika jIvana gALavAnI vRtti dharAvatA thai gayA hatA, eTale tenu citta rAjakAraNathI ochuM thaI gayuM hatuM. tethI dUradUranA prAMtA uparanA kAbU zithila karatA jatA hatA; temAM vaLI tenA yuvarAja subhAgasena, ke jenA hAthamAM agAnistAna tathA tenI pazcime Avela prAMtA saMbhALavAnuM kAma soMpyuM hatuM tenI rAjanIti kevI hatI te ApaNe joyu' che. eTale tyAMnI prajA sauthI prathama maurya sAmrAjyamAMthI chUTI thaIne svataMtra banI gaI. pachI ekaTrIAmAM DIDArTasa pahelA, rAjA banyA. te pAMceka varSoM rAjya karIne i. sa. pU. 245 lagabhaga maraNa pAmatAM ja lagabhaga-balke eka be varSa pAchaLa UbhA thA pAmyA hatA. ( 5 ) ATalI vAta kharI che ke, mA * banne pradezo i. sa. pU. 250 nI AsapAsa svataMtra thaI gayA hatA; paNa te yavanapatinI jIsarImAMthI nahIM ja. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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148 naprajA [ dvitIya tene putra DIoDITasa bIjo gAdIe Avyo hato. tenuM rAjya I. sa. pR. 245 thI 230= 15 varSa cAlyuM che. ane tene mArI nAMkhIne keI yuthoDIsa nAmanA mANase gAdI pacAvI pADI hatI. tene samaya i. sa. pU. 230 thI 202 Azare noMdhI zakAya tema che. A samaya daramyAna mULa siriyAnI gAdI upara eMTIokasa bIjAnI pAchaLa be traNa rAjAo AvI gayA hatA ane pachI eMTIokasa trIjAne amala Azare I. sa. pU. 223 thI zarU thayo hato. te samaye pArthio upara siriyana rAjAnI sattA-pachI teNe ja meLavI hoya ke tenA pUje te jaNAyuM nathI kAMIka aMze patharAI hatI ema haju jaNAya che. A enTIokasa trIje kAMIka prabhAvazALI hatA temaja bekaTroana rAjA yuthIDI- mAsa paNa kAMDe joravALo hato. paNa enTIokisa mULa gAdIne dhaNI hovAthI te Great kingmahArAjA kahevAte; jyAre A bekaTrI anapati King-rAjA kahevAtuM hatuM. eTale enTIokase yuthIDImasane kahevarAvyuM ke, tame baLavAkhora cho. kemake bekaTrIA baLavo karIne svataMtra thayuM hatuMmATe tAbe thaI jAo. yuthI DIse sAmo javAba vALyo ke, baLavAkhora te DIoDeTasa hato ane tene te meM mArI nAMkhyo che, eTale te baLavAkhorane virodhI arthAta tamArA pakSane chuM. A kaheNathI eTIokasa khuzI thaI gaye; ane pitAnA darabAra, yuthIDIesanA pratinidhine belAvI sanmAna karavA kahevarAvyuM. je uparathI yuthI DIse pitAnA putra DimeTrIAsane-je A samaye bharayuvAnImAM hatuM ane khUba dekhAvaDe hato tene-mokalyo. DimeTrIAsane jotAM ja eTI okasa eTale badhe khuza thaI gayuM ke, tenuM sa-mAna karIne potAnI eka kaMvarI paraNAvI. A bane, je atyAra sudhI pratispadhIo gaNAtA te havethI mitratA ane sagapaNanI gAMThathI baMdhAI jatAM temaNe vizeSa jora pakaDyuM. A banAva Azare I. sa. pU. 215 mAM banyo hovAnuM gaNI zakAya. pachI yuthIDIyese hiMda upara caDAI karavA mAMDI. teNe kAzmira temaja paMjAbane. keTaleka bhAga jItI lIdho paNa hato; chatAM pote to mAtra vyAdi laI svadeza cAlyo jate hate. jyAre tenA mANaso ja kyAMka kayAMka thANuM jamAvI paDyA rahetA hatA. rAjataraMgiNikAre je jaNAvyuM che ke kAzmirapati rAjA jAlauke svecchAne potAnA dezamAMthI hAMkI kADhI TheTha kAnyakuja sudhIne pradeza jItI lIdhe ho (pitAnA rAjyaamale 26 mAM varSe eTale I. sa. pu 29 sudhImAM) te svecche A yavana ane cena prajA ja samajavI. tevAmAM I. sa. pU. ra05 AsapAsa ke be varasanA gALAmAM Aghe pAche, A bAju kAzmirapati rAjA jAlauka ane te bAjU bekaTrIana pati yuthI DIsa maraNa pAmyA. temanI gAdI upara anu. (1) bhA. prA. rA. pu. 2, pR. 181. c. H. I. P. 441:- Demetrius, the bandsone youth, son of Euthydenius as a fully accredited envoy to the camp of Antiochos III- he offered him one of his daughters in marriage:-kehi che. yuthI DImasane putra DimeTrIasa khubasurata yuvAna hatA. tene eTIekasa trIjanA darabAre, saMpUrNa mAnamaratabA sAtha me kalyo hato. teNe pitAnI eka dIkarI tene vere paraNAvI hatI. (7) A vakhate DimeTrIasanI umara 17 ke 20 varSanI gaNIe te tene janma I. sa. 5. 230thI 23 ne gaNa rahe che. (8) juo 2. pR. 404, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] krame dAmeAdara ane DimeTrIasa AvyA. rAjA dAmeAdara nabaLA haze ema samajAya che; jyAre DimeTrIasa lagabhaga trIseka vane ane khUba parAkramI hatA. teNe turata ja hiMda upara svArI karI ane lagabhaga AkhA paMjAba kabaje paNa karI vALyA. vaLI tethI paNa AgaLa vadhavAnI taiyArI karatA dekhAyA. eTale maunA sainyapati agnimitre sthiti asahya ane kaTAkaTa jevI lAgavAthI, potAnA svAmI bRhadrathanuM khUna karI avatinI rAjalagAma potAnA hAthamAM lai lIdhI i. sa. pU. 204. banAva ApaNe uparamAM varNavI paNa gayA chIe, have ahIMthI ApaNA bhAratIya itihAsanu anusadhAna sadhAya che ema kahI zakAze, ( 1 ) DimeTrIsa-- ( i. sa. pU. 205 thI 182=23 ja Azare ) jo ke DimeTroasa I. sa. pU. 205 mAM te ekaTrIAmAM ja gAdIe beThA che, ane tenI kArakIdInA prathamanA thADAMka varSa te prAMtamAM ja teNe gALyAM che; eTale te samaya tenA ja rAjaamalane paNa hiMdu bahArane gaNAya; chatAM tene chUTA na pADatAM ahIM bhAratIya itihAsanA varNanamAM tene khAte caDAvavAmAM AvyA che. nA itihAsa upara ApaNe lakhyuM che ke teNe paMjAba jItI lIdhA bAda AgaLa vadhavAnI taiyArI karI hatI. kharI rIte te pote te bekaTrIAmAM ja hatA paNa tenA je saradAre ahIM hiMdamAM hatA temaNe ja A caDAinuM raNaziMgu chuMkayuM hatu. kahe che ke ( 9 )hi'dIone ane yavanAne be vakhata je sakhta yuddha thayAM hatAM. temAMnuM A prathama samajavu', vizeSa mATe jue . agnimitranA vRttAMte. (10) C. H. I. P. 446:-He fixed his cap" ital at Sagala or Sangala which he called Euthydemia in honour of his father-3. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 149 A saradArAnI saMkhyA lagabhaga sAtekanI hatI. temanI sAme Takkara jhIlavAmAM samrATa agnimitra taraphathI tenA putra vasumitra potAnA dAdA puSpamitranI dAravaNImAM rahIne hAjara thayA hatA. A vakhatanuM yuddha ati tumula hatu. ane temAM yavanAne sakhta hAra maLI hatI.9 temanA saradAro temaja sainyamAMthI je kAi khacavA pAmyuM te potAnI Apaviti potAnA rAjA DimeTrIJasane kAnAkAna saMbhaLAvavAne ekaTrIkhA deoNDI gayA hatA. rAjAne gAdIe kheThAne hajI bahu samaya thayA na hatA tema te parAkramI hAi kAMIka utAvaLA svabhAvanA paNa hatA eTale saradArAnI vAta sAMbhaLatAM ja pitto khAi kheDA ane jAteja hiMdu upara caDI jai, temane vaLate badale ApAnA vicAra upara Aye. pUratI taiyArI karI prathama paMjAba ntyA ane laDAinA thANA tarIke, paMjAba ane kAzmiranI hada upara Avela ziyAlakATane pasaMda karyuM. tyAM peAtAnI rAjagAdI sthApI ane petAnA pitAnA nAma uparathI tenuM nAma yuthIDImIA pADI dIdhu. hiMdI kRtihAsamAM tene ' sAkala ' athavA * sAgala ' nAme oLakhAvyuM che.10 jyAre teNe hiMdamAMja have gAdI karI tyAre tene rahevAnuM paNa tyAM ja DharAzyuM. te mATe have tene ApaNe hiMdanA itihAsamAM sthAna Apavu` rahe che. bAkI keTalAka itihAsakArAtu je ema mAnavu` thayu` che ke tenA pitA yuthIDImeAse sAkalamAM gAdI karI hatI te khInAne . > hi. i. pR. 446; teNe petanI rAjagAdI sAMgala ke 2 galamAM karI ane peAtAnA itAnA nAma uparathI tenu' nAma yuthIDImIyA pADayu .(vaLI nIce TI 12 tu) ( 11 ) hiM'. hi pR. 630:-Demetrios was called King of Indians 'RsimeTrIasa * hiM'danA rAnta' kahevAtA hatA. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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150 DimeTrIasa [ dvitIya bahu samarthana maLatuM nathI. tenA pitAe jarUra paMjAba ja hatA paNa khare, tema te chatAyelA pradeza upara pitAnA hAkema paNa nImyA hatA kharA, chatAM te pite tyAM rAjagAdI karIne vasavATa karavA maMDyo hato te hakIkatamAM te bahu satyAMza nathI ja. upara je jaNAvyuM ke rAjA DimeTrIse ja, ane nahIM ke tenA pitAe, hiMdamAM potAnI rAjagAdI sthApI hatI tenI pratIti khUda grIka itihAsamAM seMdhAyelI eka bIjI hakIkatathI paNa maLatI rahe che. temAM jaNAvAyuM che ke rAjA DimeTrIase hiMda upara jAte javAnuM prasthAna karyuM eTale bekaTrIAmAM tenuM sthAna khAlI paDeluM joine tathA te bahu dUra gayela che, jethI pAchA vaLavAnuM mana karaze te paNa tyAM AvI pahoMcatAM ghaNo samaya nIkaLI jaze; te daramyAna pitAnuM manadhAryuM pariNAma pate bekaTrIAmAM nIpajAvI zakaze. AvI gaNatrI vaDe yukreTAIDajha nAmanA keI eka saradAre baLa karIne bekaTrIAnI gAdI pacAvI pADI ane pitAne bekaTrIAnA rAjA tarIke jAhera karI dIdho.13 A samAcAra dhIme dhIme rAjA DimeTrIAsane hiMdamAM pahoMcyA. paNa te samaye te evI saMkaDAmaNamAM AvI paDyo hato ke tenI sthiti suDI vacce sopArInA jevI thaI paDI hatI. je pote vatana tarapha pAcho phare che te pitAnA hAthamAMthI bekaTrIonI lagAma sarI gaI hovAthI tyAM keTale daraje phaha meLave te zaMkAspada ja hatuM ane bIjI bAjU hiMdamAMthI pagadaMDa upADe che te, te te gumAvI bese te cakkasa ja hatuM. eTale eka bAju bekaTrIA bevAno bhaya ane bIjI bAju hiMdamAM vijaya meLavI prApta karela mulaka gumAvavAne jyaH e bemAMthI pitAne kayuM vizeSa hitakAraka hatuM te muddo ja vicAravAne rahyo hato. A be kAryanI pasaMdagImAMthI hiMdanI bhUmi sAcavI rAkhavAnuM ja kArya teNe upADI lIdhuM hatuM, kemake pelI ukti 14 ke "je dhruva eTale nakakI che tene tyAga karIne adhava eTale zaMkAspada meLavavAne talase che, tene zaMkAspada je anizcita che te tene maLatuM nathI ja, paNa nizcita je che tene paNa tyAga karela hovAthI tenI prAptithI paNa te vaMcita rahe che. matalaba ke nizcita ane anizcita bane te gumAvI bese che. A paristhitithI samajAya che ke, teNe hiMdamAM gAdI te prathama karI haze (12) c. H. I. 446-Dr. George Macdonald points out that the statement Demetrius fixed his capital at Sagala which he called Euthydemia in honour of his father is open to challenge (Ind. His. Quart. v. Sept. P. 404. ) ke. hi. I. pR. 4469-De. jyorja mekarDonalDa je ema kahevA mAMge che ke, DimeTrIase sAgalamAM rAjagAdI karI hatI ane potAnA pitAnA nAma uparathI tenuM nAma yuthI DImIA pADayuM hatuM te zaMkA spada che. (I. hi kanva. pu. 5, sapTe. pU. 404) [mArUM TIpaNuM eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke, sAkalamAM gAdI DimeTIase nathI karI paNa tenA pitA yuthImase karelI saMbhave che je tema hoya te grIka ItihAsamAM DimeTrIAsane je hiMda bhUpati kahyo che tene sthAne yuthI DImesane ja te khitAba Apyo hata paNa grIka ItihAsamAM te vAtane Tekopa nIvaDe tevI koI hakIkata noMdhAyAnuM jaNAtuM nathI.] juo uparanI cI. . 10 tathA 11 temaja have pachInuM lakhANa. (13) ke hi. I. pR. 554; I. e. pU.37, pR.56. (14) co pUre paricaya madhuraM vAvate adhruvaM tasya nazyati, adhruvaM naSTameva ca //

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nuM vRttAMta. 15 pariccheda] paNa mana Dhacupacu rahyA karatuM haze tyAre Akhare UbhA thayela saMjogone lIdhe kAyama karavAnI tene have pharaja paDI hatI. eTale kula tenA 23 varSanA rAjatvakAlamAMthI bhAratIya rAjA tarIke tene samaya I. sa. pU. 190 thI 182 sudhI 8 varSane ja kahI zakAya. have DimeTrIasanA magajamAMthI bekaTrIAnI upAdhI ochI thaI gayela hevAthI teNe potAno sarva samaya hiMdanA rAjakAraNamAM ja gALavA mAMDayo hato. A samaye tenI sAthe eka helIkalsa ane bIjo minenDara nAme na saradAra hatAjemAM prathama upara jaNAvI gayela yukreTAIDajha baLavAkhorane putra 5 thato hato tathA bIje kAMIka dUrano sago thato hato. ahIM sAkalamAM svastha thayA pachI (A pradezane mahAbhAratanA samaye madradeza17 kahevAmAM AvatA hatA. rAja pAMDunI mAThI nAmanI rANI te A pradezanA rAjAnI putrI samajavI) teNe agnimitranA yuvarAja vasumitrane lebhAvavA eka suMdara lalanA tenI najara pADavA goThavaNa karI. dhAryA pramANe te yuvatInI vasumitre mAMgaNI karI hatI, DimeTrIae asvIkAra karyo hato ane pachI yuddhane AraMbha thayo hate vigere hakIkata agnimitranA vRttAMte jaNAvI gayA chIe. A yuddhamAM TriIasane vijaya thavAthI satalaja nadInA kinArA sudhIne mulaka tenI ANamAM AvI paDyo hate.18 te bAda beeka varSe, agnimitre bIjA azvamedhanI taiyArI karI. te azvanI rakhevALI pitAnA yuvarAja vasumitrane saMpI hatI. rAjA DimeTrIase te azva pharate pharato jyAre siMdhu nadInA kinAre AvyA tyAre tenI aTakAyata karI hatI. te uparathI vasumitra ane DimeTriasa vacce yuddha thayuM hatuM, jemAM vasumitranuM maraNa nIpajayuM hatuM. i. sa. pu. 182 nA sumAre A banAvanI noMdha karI zakAze. pitAnA yuvarAjanuM maraNa thavAthI khuda Agnamitre poteja sainyanI saradArI lIdhI ane DimeTIsane zikSA karavA nIkaLyA. A yuddhamAM rAja DimeTrIasanuM maraNa nIpajyuM hatuM. i. sa. pU. 181; eTale samrATa agnimitre te vijayanI khuzAlImAM bIjo azvamedha saMpUrNa karyo. tene keSTha putra na hovAthI tenI gAdIe tene saradAra (15) A yukreTAIDajhanA pitAnuM nAma paNa helIkalsa hatuM tema putranuM nAma paNa helIkalsa hatuM. pitA helIekasa kAMI prasiddha thaye nathI paNa pu:-helI okase hiMdamAMthI pAchA vaLatAM bekaTrIAnA rastAmAM potAnA pitAne bheTe thatAM, rAja taraphanI bevaphAdArIne lIdhe pitAnuM khUna karI pite gAdIe beThA hatA. tenA vakhatamAM bekaTrI- AnA rAjavaMzano aMta AvI gayo che athavA kadAca anya koI rAna thavA pAmyA hoya to te mAtra nAmadhArI ja hatA ema samajavuM. bhA. prA, rA. 5. 25. pR. 190 juo. (16): a. hi. I. Ava. 3 pR. 1994Me- nander a relative of the Bactrian monarch Eucratides-bekaTrIana rAjA yukreTAIDajhane minenDara sage thate hato. (17) ke. hiI. 5. pa49sakala was a city of the Madras (Upanishad III, 3, 1: 7, 1.)... between the rivers Chenab and Ravi. madra prajAnuM nagara sakala cinAba ane rAvI nadI vacce AveluM che (upaniSa; 7:3:1,ii.) (18) A yuddhanA vijayathI rAjA DimeTrIasanA saradAree tenA smaraNa tarIke sikkAo paDAvyA lAge che. ( juo ke. hi. I. pR. 547. ) (19) A siMdhune avaMti rAjaye Avela caMpala nadInI eka zAkhA ke jenuM nAma kALI siMdhu che. te nadI hevAnuM ane te nadInA kinAre A yuddha thayAnuM keTalAka vidvAnoe mAnyuM che te barAbara nathI ( juo uparamAM pR. 5, TI. naM. 4)

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12 mirenDanuM [ dvitIya jenuM nAma minenDara0 hatuM te AvyA hata; AnI gAdI pacAvI pote jaNAve che. eTale jyAre upara jaNAvela helIokasa te pitAnA ema mAnI zakAya ke, A helIkalsa vigere vatana khArA-bekaTrIA tarapha pAchA vaLI kAbula nadIvALA pradezamAM yuthI DImesanA samaye ja nIkaLyo ane teNe tyAMnI gAdI meLavI (juo AvIne vasyA hovA joIe. ane te anumAna A pAna upara TI. naM. 15 nI hakIkata) lIdhI. vadhAre baMdhabesatuM paNa che; kemake te pahelAM koI maraNa samaye DimeTroasanI umara lagabhaga 48 ke yavana ke nasaradAre te pradeza upara Adhipatya 50 nI kahI zakaze. meLavI laI, tyAM koI sthAyI saMsthA banAvI vasavA (2) minenDara mAMDyAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. selyusa nikeTare A (I. sa. pU. 182 thI 151=26 varSa ) pradeza potAnI dIkarI paraNAvIne dAyajAmAM pitAnA tene janma ke. hi. I. nA lekhakanA kahevA jamAI azokavardhanane ApI dIdho hato. pachI pramANe 21 aphagAnistAnamAM tene vAraso samrATa priyadarzinane maLyo hate tene janma, AvelI paMjazIra ane kAbula ane te bAda subhAgasenane maLyuM hatuM. tenuM rAjya nAma tathA nadI vaccenA alAsadAdvIpa I. sa. pU. 236 thI rara7 sudhI cAlyuM hatuM. umara nAme oLakhAtA pradezanA eka eTale tenAja samaye yuthIDImase 22 caDAI karIne kalAsI nAme gAmaDAmAM thayo te prAMta sauthI prathama meLavI lIdho gaNAya. kemake hatuM. jyAre tene janma thayo haze tenI sekasa A yuthI DIse i. sa. pU. 230 thI 205 sudhI sAla TharAvI zakIe tevA purAvA ApaNane rAjya karyuM che, temaja i. sa. pU. 215 pachI maLatA nathI, paNa jyAre tene DimeTropasanI ja aphagAnistAna ane hiMda tarapha teNe potAnA gAdI khUMcavI lenAra yukreTAIDajhane sagA tarIke kadama laMbAvyA che. teTalA mATe koI yena prajAe jAhera karyo che, tyAre ema anumAna karavAne kAbulanA pradezamAM tyAM sudhI vasavATa karyo nathI kAraNa maLe che, ke yu TAIjhaDa potAnA pitA ema samajavuM rahe che. eTale te uparathI ema helIkalsa sAthe keTalAka kauTuMbika sagAMo anumAna bAMdhI zakAya che ke minenDarano janma sahita A pradezamAM vasate thaye haze, tevA koIka vahelAmAM vahele thayo hoya te ye I. sa. pU. samaye minenDarane janma thayo hovo joIe. 215 ke tenI AsapAsamAM ja thayAnuM dhI vaLI A yoTAIDajhane meiTTIemanA pitA zakAya. je hisAbe I. sa. pU.182mAM te gAdIe yuthI DImosanA rAje acAnaka ubhavI nIkaLatA AvyuM tyAre tenI umara vadhAremAM vadhAre 33 ane DimeTrIAsanA samaye baLa karIne bekaTrI- varSanI ja kalpI zakAya. tema vaLI tenuM bhaviSya (20) A minenDara, uparanA yukreTAIjhane kAMIka sago thato haze ema lAge che. A hi. I. trIjI pR. 199, juo uparanI TI. naM. 11, (21) ke. hi. I. pR. 550. (22) yupiyana ItihAsakAre mi. Trena kathanAnusAra je ema jaNAve che ke, subhAgaronane eTIokasa pahelA ke bIjae harAvyuM hatuM te kheTuM che ema have samajAze. (temanI samayAvaLI jevAthI mAlama thaze ke subhAgasena gAdIe Avyo te pahelAM eMTIokasa bIje te kayArane marI paNa gaye hate.) [ mi. eNnA evA te keTalAye kathana taddana asatya athavA joDI kADhelAM mAluma paDyAM che.] Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] jIvanavRttAMta 153 I. sapU 156 mAM thayuM hatuM ema ApaNe AgaLa upara sAbita karIzuM. eTale tenuM rAjya 25 varSa cAlyuM hatuM tathA te pote 19 varSanI umare maraNa pAmyA hatA ema kahI zakAze. tenuM nAma minensara hatuM, paNa tene keTa- lAye itihAsakAroe mirenDara nAmathI paNa saMkhe che. tema bauddha sAhitya graMtha milinDapamAM tene milinda nAmathI oLakhAvyuM che, jyAre tenuM hiMdI nAma milinDA hatuM. tene sattAkALa I. sa. pU. 182 thI 156 sudhInA 26 varSa 23 paryaMta cAlu rahyo hato. DimeTrIAsanA vRttAte tenAM parAkrama jaNAvAyuM che ke, puSyamitranI saradArI AgevAnI, rAhabarI nIce yuvarAja vasumitra, yavana saradArane paMjAbamAMnA madradezanA kAMThe 14 sapta dhAra ApavAthI teo pitAnI Apaviti potAnA rAjAne kAnekAna saMbhaLAvavAne svadeze upaDI gayA hatA. te pachI puSyamitranI hAjarImAM pataMjalI mahAzaye azvameva yaNa saMpUrNa karyo hate ane te bAda thoDAka samaye ja I. sa. pU. 188 mAM puSyamitra maraNa pAmya hatuM. tyAMsudhI nathI DimeTrIAsanI hAjarI ke nathI minenDaranuM hiMdanI bhUmi upara UtaravuM paNa upara varNavela parAjayanA samAcAra bekaTriIAmAM pharI vaLyA tyArapachI ja DimeTrIasa pitAnA saradAra helIo kalsa ane minenDarane laIne hiMdamAM pravezyA che. eTale keTalAka vidvAnonuM je (23) e. hi. I. pR. 123:- I. sa. pU. 160 thI 14=30 varSa jaNAvyA che. (24) cinAba ane jhelama nadI vacce pradeza. A prAMta himeTrIasa ane animitranI sattAnI sImAe Avela hovAthI yavana suMdarIne DimeTIse yuvarAjane pralobhanAthe pharI mUkI hatI. ema mAnavuM thAya che ke, puSyamitra ane mine Dara samakAlIna hatA te vAta asvIkArya che; te paNa eTaluM ApaNe jarUra svIkArI zakIzuM ke jyAre puSyamitra I. sa. pU. 188 mAM esI varasanI umare maraNa pAme tyAre minenDarane janma te thaI cUme ja hate. eTalA mATe te banene teTale dara je samakAlIna kahI zakAya. paNa minenDare potAnI rAjakIya jiMdagI I. sa. pU. 188 nI pUrve zarU karelI nahIM hovAthI, te baMnene ApaNe ItihAsanI dRSTithI samakAlIna lekhavA rahetA nathI. tema rAjA DimeTrIbasa bhale gAdIpati banI cUkayo hato ane tethI rAjakIya jiMdagImAM pravezI cUkyuM hatuM chatAM teNe hiMdanI bhUminAM darzana karela nahIM hovAthI tene paNa puSyamitra sAthenA yuddhamAM samevaDiyA tarIke lekhI zakAya nahIM. matalaba ke, puSyamitrane ane yuvAna vasumitrane yavane sAthenA prathama yuddhamAM je yaza maLyo che te, saze temanI kauzalyatAne lIdhe ja hatA ema khullA dilathI kahevAne badale ema paNa kahI zakAya ke DimeTrIasa ane minensara jevA yuddhanipuNa saradAronI gerahAjarIne lIdhe paNa haze. A ApaNuM anumAnane aneka anya banAvathI Take paNa maLe che; kemake puSyamitranA maraNa bAda, rAjA DimeTrIasa ane saradAra minenTare bekaTrIAmAMthI AvI madradezanA kAMThe Avela5 sAkalanI rAjadhAnI prathama majabUta karI lIdhI hatI. ane AgaLa vadhI TheTha satalaja (25) hAlanuM ziyAlakeTa: rAjA DimeTIaseja tyAM prathama gAdI karI hatI. jyAre keTalAka vidvAnonuM dhAravuM thayuM che ke tenA pitA yuthIDIyese karI hatI. Iud. His. Quart. V; P. 404 :-Even if Merander is ignored aud Demetrius, son of Euthedeinos is recognised as the Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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154 nadInA kinArA sudhIneA pradeza pAtAnA kabaje karI lIdhA hatA. A yuddhmAM paNa zuMgavaza taraphathI laDanAra yuvarAja vasumitra ja hatA, tema prathama vAra yavanene jItanAra paNa A vasumitra ja hatA. eTaluM' kharUM' ke jIta maLo hatI te vakhatanA yuddhamAM tene tenA dAdA puSpamitranI doravaNI hatI jyAre parAjaya pAmatI vakhatanA yuddhamAM te ` ekalavAyeA hateA. A uparathI puSyamitranI kAbeliyata ane yuddhakauzalyatAnI kiMmata ApaNe jarUra AMkavI rahe . A pramANe AryAM ane yavane vaccenAM be yunI 26 vAta thai-temAM eka meATu' ane khIjuM nAnu hatu. temAM prathama mADhu hatu ane khIju nAnuM hatuM. tevI ja rIte pAchAM e yud27 thayAM che. eka nAnu ane bIjuM mAruM-temAMye prathama mAru ane khIjI' nAnuM hatuM-te khemAMthI ekamAM DimeTrIsa tathA minenDaranI upasthiti ceAnaprajA invader of Saketa and Madhyamika = iM. hi. kavA. pu. 5, pR. 404:-minenDaranI avagaNanA karIne-yuthaDImesanA putra DimeTrIasane sAketa ane madhyamikAnA ghera laI janAra gaNAya te. ( mArU TippaNa-madhyamikA upara caDAi karanAra tA minenDara ja hatA. AgaLa upara jIe; ane sAketa ne aAvyA hoya te tema thayu' ja nathI; pazu sarkala, sAkala hoya te| DimeTrIase ja te lIdhu che. (26) prathama mADhuM--eka pakSe vasumitra, puSyamitra ane bIna pakSe yavanenA sAta saradA|. bIjuM nAnuM--eka pakSe vasumitra ane khInna A DimeTrIasa tathA minenDara (27) prathama moTuM~eka pakSa samrATa agnimitra ane bIjA pakSe DimeTrIasa tathA minenDara khA yuddhamAM DimeTrIanu` maraNu nIpajyuM che. khImbu' nAnu eka paNe samrATa bhAnuminna ane khInna panne minenDara. A samaye minenDaranuM maraNa thayu' che, paNa te laDAinAM mAryAM gayA karatAM kAMika mAMde Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dvitIya hAvA chatAM samrATa Amitrane je yaza maLyA che28 te batAve che ke yuddhamAM eka kasAyalA A sanyapati pAse yavana saradAro lAcAra banI jatA hatA. jyAre khIjuM yuddha je nAnu hatu temAM- balke kahA te samaye-bhale dekhItI rIte-ke Akasmika sogA vacce-yavanapati minenDaranuM mRtyu thayuM che,29 paNa kharI rIte jo te jIvata rahyo hAta tA jarUra tene ja yazanI mALA arpaNu thai hota. rAjA DimeTrIasanuM maraNu jyAre nIpajyuM ane minenDare rAjyalagAma hAtha lIdhI tyAre yavaneAnA kAbUmAM aphagAnistAna uparAMta pAkhamAMnA mAtra satalaja nadInA kinArA sudhInA pradezaja. hatA. ane te bAda sAteka varSe samrATa agnimitra maraNa pAmyA che tyAMsudhI paNa yavA kAi rIte AgaLa vadhyA haiAya evuM tAravI zakAtuM nathI1; paNa i. sa. pU 176 mAM te paDI jaine maraNa pAmyA hAya te vadhAre sabhavita che. upara na. 26, 27 mAM be+bengAra yuddha thayAM gaNAvyAM che, paNa purANakAroe mAtra e meTAMne ja hisA mAM gaNyA che. jIe buddhi. pra. pu. 76 thI AgaLa. ( 28 ) vaidika matavALA agnimitrane je cakravartI samrATa gaNe che te A jIta meLavavAne lIdhe ja samajavuM, ane te bAda ja teNe bIjo azva medha sa`pUrNa karyAM che. (jue agnimitranA vRttAMte.) ( 29 ) nu zuMgava'zI khaLamitra-jJAnumitranu vRttAMta, vaLI nIcenuM TI. na. 37 jI. (30) A sthAna uparanA yuddhamAM ja samrATa AgnAmatranA hAthe DimeTrIzmaranu` maraNa nIpajyuM che, (jue. pR. 9nuM varNana tathA ahIMnI upara TI. na.27.) (31) chu. pra. pu. 76, pR 9H--khauddha puratakAmAM-milinda panhomAM-mineranI rAjadhAne zAla ja kahI che ( jIA ke. hiM. iM. pR. 149 ): arvAcIna atihAsikA balkhathI utarelA grIkanI eka ja caDhA inA nirdeza kare che ne tenI AgevAnI minenDarane Ape www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda] nuM vRttAMta, 155 maraNa pAmatAMja minenTare dhasAro karavA mAMDyo nAme saradArane nImyA hatA. A pramANe teNe haze ema kalpI zakAya che. prathama teNe satalaja uttara hiMdanA sarva agatyanA pradeza-paMjAba, nadInA dakSiNa bhAga tarapha najara pahoMcADI hatI. siMdha, rAjaputAnA, saurASTra ane yukta prAMtane ane jene te samaye madhyadeza (hAlano rAjaputAnAne moTe bhAga-pitAnI sattAmAM laI lIdhA hatA.37 pradeza-aravallI parvatanI pazcimane A pradeza) tethI vizeSa AgaLa vadhavAne, eTale ke hAlanA kahevAtuM hatuM te temaja Akho sidhadeza jItI yukta prAMtanA lakhanau ane aSAnI pUrva laI te upara vahIvaTa calAvavAne potAnA eka dizAmAM vadhavAne-te bhAgyazALI thaye heya e saradAra bhUmakane 3 nI hato. pachI teNe potAnuM kaI majabUta purA maLane nathI. jo ke vidvAnoe lakSa tyAMthI kheMcIne uttare Avela pAMcAla ane hAthIguphAnA zilAlekhanA AdhAre e sUrasena deza sara34 karavAne lagADayuM hatuM. Akhare vicAra rajU karyo che ke, teNe athavA tenA te pradeza jItIne tyAM vahIvaTa karavAne rAjulula 35 purogAmI rAjA TimeTrIase-pATaliputra upara che. eNe pAMcAla tathA sUrasena jItyA lakhe che ane sAta viA ane ghere ghAlIne sara karyAnuM lakhe che. ( sarakhA nIcenI TI. naM. 34 lakhANuM. ) (72) a. hi. I. trIjI AvRttiH pR. 199- teNe siMdhu nadIne duAba tathA saurASTranA dvIpakalpa rAjyamAM bheLavI lIdhuM hatuM. jyAre sara kanigahAmanuM kahevuM A pramANe che: Bhilsa Topes P. 127:- I have shown from the monogramatic names of cities, in which his coins were minted that Menander's rule extended over the whole of Kabul valley, the Punjab and the Sindh, including the capital city of Minnagara on the lower Indus (471511145 sara kaniMgahAma kahe che ) minenDaranA rAjyaamalamAM sikkAo je zaheronI TaMkazALamAM paDAyA che tenI nAmAkSarI uparathI meM sAbita karI batAvyuM che ke, tenuM rAjya kAbulanI khINavALA A khAM pradeza paMjAba ane siMdha upara patharAyuM hatuM. temAM siMdhu nadInI dakSiNe Avela rAjapATane-mInanagarane samA- veza thato hato. ( AmAM kayAMya saurASTranuM nAma jaNAtuM nathI. eTale teNe bharUca zaheravALo bhAga jI hoya ema puravAra nathI thatuM ) (33) A bhUmAnA vRttAMta vize AgaLa kSaharATa prA vizenI hakIkata juo. (34) eka vAra A prAMte kadAca DimeTrIase jItI lIdhA haze; paNa jItI lIdhA hoya to pAchA gumAvI dIdhA hatA ema samajavuM. (35) AgaLa upara jIvalane vattati pAmakhaMDe juo. (36) siMdha, rAjaputAnA ane saurASTra para, kSatrapa bhUmakane, tathA yukta prAMta upara kSatrapa rAjupulane vahIvaTa karavA nImyA hatA, jyAre A paMjAba upara enTIAlasIdAsa nAme I pena saradArane nImyo hoya ema lAge che. ( jIo uparamAM zugapati baLamitrabhAnumitranuM vattAMta.) (37) bu. pra. 5. 71, 5. 05: A chellI laDAImAM minenDarastA cha sAthI paikI benAM nAma maLI AvyAM che. temane eka dvitIya DimeTIasa ane bIje eMTIokasa hato. minenDaranA darabAramAM birAjatA zrIkanA mukhya rAjAonAM nAmamAM A benAM nAma milinapajhAmAM ApyAM che. ( juo ke. hi. I. pR. 550 ) (mArUM TippaNaminezvaranA darabAra evA ja zabda uparanA vAkayamAM lakhAyA che te batAve che minenDara pote eka samartha pAdazAha hatA.) (38) ke. ze. 'hi. 5. 65-Menander was probably the Navana who invaded

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156 dherA lai javAnI taiyArI karI hatI; paNa kaliMgapati cakravartI khAravelanuM magadhamAM utaravAnu ane magadhapati bRhaspatimitrane peAtAnA caraNe namAvyAnuM sAMbhaLIne, te yavanapatie mathurAthI AgaLa vadhavAnA vicAra mAMDI vALyeA hateA. A hakIkata, je zikSAlekhanA Ukela uparathI baDI kADhavAmAM AvI che. te tathA tenA Ukelane lagatA sabaLA vRttAMta, kharI rIte kaI rIte karavA yogya che, te Akhuye prakaraNa ApaNe khAravelanuM jIvanavRttAMta ( jIe pu. 4 ) AlekhavA sudhI mula tavI rAkhavu' paDaze. atra tA eTalu ja jaNAvavu asa thaI paDaze ke te hakIkata samajavAmAM gerasamaja thai che. tema keTalAka taraphathI je ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke minenDare vartamAna gujarAtanA pazcima bhAga-bharUca jIllAvALA bhAga9-5Nu jItI lIdhA hatA te vAtamAM paNa bahu vajuda lAgatu' nathI.40 alabatta, ApaNe eTalI / jarUra minenDarane vize noMdha karavI rahe che ke ekaTrIana prajAnA je be saradArAe hiMdamAM rahIne Adhipatya bhAgavyuM che. temAM A minenDaranA ja rAjyavistAra prathama darajjAnA hatA. eTale te pramANamAM tene vizeSapaNe gauravaMtA, prabhAvazALI ane pratApatAna bAdazAha 1 3hI zakAya ja DimeTrIsa minenDaranA khUnA jaya-parAjaya sAthe ke te vakhatanI pAzcAtya saMskRti sAthe, jo ke sIdhI rIte ApaNane kAMi lAgatuM vaLagatu nathI, chatAM eka hakIkata vAcaka samakSa jarUra dharavA yogya lAgI Magadha as recorded by Patanjali: a. hiM', iM, trIjI AvRtti (smitha) pR. 199 (39) bhA. prA. rAjava'za pu. 2, pR. 142:perIplasanuM ma'tanya che ke minenDaranA sikkA bharUcanI AsapAsa maLyA che. sarakhAvA uparanI TI. na', kara mAMnu' sara ni-gahAmanu matavya, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dvitIya che; kemake temAM kAMika samajavA jevA eka siddhAMta rahelA najare paDe che. ' te tenA samaya paratve hAine, atra tenu' vRttAMta pUruM karatAM sudhImAM jaNAvI devA yogya dhArU bru. prakhyAta itihAsavettA mi. vinseTa smitha temanA alI hisTarI mApha inDIAnI trIjI AvRtti nAmaka pustakamAM pu. 199 upara ( minenDare hiMda upara caDAi karI che te bAbatamAM jaNAve che ke) * Thus ended the second and last attempt by a Eu. ropean general to conquer India by land............. From the repulse of Menander, until the bombardment of Calicut by Vasco da Gama in A. D. 1502, India enjoyed immunity from attack under European leader. ship and so long as the power in occupation of the country retains command of the sea, no attack made from the landside in the footsteps of the ancient invaders can have any prospect of permane. nt success =khuzka raste hiMda upara caDAi lAvavAnA yuropIana saradAranA bIjA 42 ane chellA prayatnane A pramANe pheja thayA... ( vaLI AgaLa jAve che ke )......minenDarane vizeSa adhikAra (40) mA mATe saharATa kSatrapa bhUmakanu vRttAMta jI. (41) sarakhAve uparanu' TI. na', 37 (42) minenDaranA humalAne khInanI upamA ApI che jyAre alekjhAMDaranI caDAine pahele humale gaNyA che, ema samanata lAge che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] pAchuM haThavuM paDayuM. tyArathI mAMDIne i. sa. 1502 mAM vAskADA gAmAe kAlikaTa upara teApanA mArA calAvyA tyAMsudhI ( lagabhaga 1700 vya sudhI ) kAi paNa yuropIana saradAra' hiMda upara AkramaNa lAbyA nathI. ane jyAMsudhI dezanI mAlikI dharAvanAranI sattA, samudra upara cAlu hAya 44 tyAMsudhI prAcIna AkramaNukArAnI peThe sthaLamArgethI lai AvelA kASTa paNa humale kAyamane mATe kuttehamaMda nIvaDavAnA ja nahIM, '' matalaba kahevAnI e che ke kApaNu bhUmi upara phattehapUrvaka jaya meLavIne tene kabajo lAMkhe samaya bhogavavA mATe sAcavI rAkhavA hAya, te tene lagatA samudra uparanA sarva adhikAra 45 svAdhIna karI levA joIe, A siddhAMtamAM keTaluM satya che te vartamAnakALe yuApakhaMDamAM rAjakartI prajA dariyA paranu svAmitva meLavavA keTakeTalA bhagIratha prayatnA sevI rahI che te uparathI samajI zakAya che. eka niyama adyApi paryaMta ApaNe saMskRtimaya tenuM jIvana nA itihAsa jALavatA AvyA chIe ke, dareka rAjavaMzanu varNana samApta karyAM bAda, temanA rAjavIonA jaya-parAjayane (43) kharI rIte minenDara yuropISmana elAdane nathI ja. te yAna ( bekaTrIana *) hovAthI tene ezivAsI ja kahI zakAya; paNa yavana ane cena zabdanu mizraNa karI nAkhavAthI, tene cavana eTale grIka elAdanA dhArIne mi. vinse'Ta smithe yurepIana zabda vAparyo lAge che. sa (44) ApaNI brITIza sarakAra peAtAne muddanI rANI ' kahevaDAvavAmAM je gaurava mAne che te A uparathI sheje samajI cAro, (45) hiMdustAna pAte ja eka rIte te dvIpakalpa che, athavA uttara hiMda ane dakSiNa hiMda Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 157 bhUpati lagatI hakIkata tathA tee karyeA dhama pALatA hatA tene lagatuM vivecana, eka jInnA ja paricchede lakhavu. te niyamane anusarIne A yAna prajAne lamatI tathAprakAranI hakIkata mATe paN eka judA ane nataMtra pariccheda lakhavA jotA hatA ja; paNa te pramANe na karatAM bahu >=MkamAM ja ahIM patAvI devA dhAryuM che, kemake ( 1 ) te prajAnA mAtra e ja hiMdu upara thaDe vadhate aMze rAjya karavAne bhAgyazALI nIvaDyA che. tema vaLI temanA jaya-parAjaya vize temanA svataMtra vRttAMtamAM pUratA ullekha karI nAkhyA che ja. ( 2 ) jyAre temanA dharma vize, jema anya rAjavIonA saMbaMdhamAM temanA zilAlekhA ke sikkA jevI prAcIna vastu uparathI kAMipaNu anumAna dArI zakAya tevI vastusthiti nIpajAvI zakAI che, tyAre A rAjA saMbadhI-temanA zilAlekhAtA maLyA ja nathI paNa sikkA hajI maLyA che kharA paNu temAMthI- kAMie spaSTapaNe tAravI zakAtuM nathI ja. chatAM anya dhArmika ane sAhityaka graMthA uparathI je kAMi jANI zakAyu che, te paNa A emAMnA kevaLa eka rAjavI vizenuM ja che; rAjA minenDara vize--eTale AvI ahaM sattAdhArI6 ane chAtI ema be vibhAga pADavAmAM Ave te, dakSiNa hiMdane paNa dvIpakalpa kahI zakAya tema cheH A dvIpakalpane vIMTaLAyela samudra upara jenuM Adhipatya heya tene sapUrNa viSaya che ema A uparathI samajavu' A eka jAtanI sainika rAjanIti gaNavI rahe che, (46 ) rAjA minenDaranA dhama upara kAMika vizeSa prakAza pheMkatI hakIkata AgaLa upara mathurAnagarInA lagatA pariziSTamAM Avaze tesAthe ahIMnI hakIkata sarakhAvavI. ahIM * ahIM sattAdhArI ' kahI che tenI matalaba e che ke tenA dharma' vize hajI pAkI khAtrI badhAya tevI sAbitIe maLI nathI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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158 DhAkIne pramANabhUta tarIke svIkArI na levAya tevI hakIkatanA ja AdhAre svataMtra prakaraNa lakhavu te durasta lAgyuM nathI. je hakIkata minenDara vize jaNAvavAmAM AvI che. te A pramANe che. ke. hiM. 7. pR. 549 mAM lakhe che ke:Menander is the only Yavana who has become celebrated in the ancient literature of India. He is unquestionably to be identified with Milinda the Yavana king of Sakal, who ( Milinda-Panha ) in the dialogue between the king, hal become noto. rious as harassing the brothern and the Buddhist elder Nagasena. It is thus a philosopher and not as a mighty conqueror that Menander has won for himself an abiding fame (Trans. Rhys Davids, S. B E. XXXV. P. 6-7. As a disputant he was hard to equal; harder still to overcome. The acknowledged superior of all the founders of the various schools of thought. As in wisdom so in strength of body, swiftness and valour, there was found none equal to Milinda in all India. He was rich too, mighty in wealth and prosperity and the number of his armed hoste knew no end=minenDara eka ja yavana ( saradAra ) che ke je prAcIna hiM'dI sAhityamAM nAmAMkita thavA pAmyA che. ni:sa'de tene, sAkala ( ziyALakATa )nA yavanapati milinda tarIke ja oLakhavA rahe che; vaLo je, rAjA ceAnaprA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dvitIya sAthenI carcAmAM (milindapannA nAme graMthamAM ) baudhdha kSapaNAnI, (ane khAsa karIne ) mudde sata nAgasenanI pajavaNI karavA mATe prakhyAta gaNAye che; ane teTalA mATe, minenDare je dIdha kALI khyAti pAtA mATe meLavI che te eka mahad vijetA tarIkenI nahIM paNa eka philmaka tarIkenI kahI zakAze ( bhASAMtara; rIjha DevIDajha; se. jI. che. pu. 35, pR. 6, 7. ) eka vivecaka ( mavA daka-vAdI ) tarIke te ajoDa hatA; tenA karatAM paNa vadhAre te te ajeya hatA. ( te vakhatanA ) darzanakArAmAM sanmAnita agragaNya hatA. jema DahApaNamAM, tema zauyamAM, capaLatAmAM ane parAkramamAM, AkhA bhAratamAM milindatA kAI hirA nAtA. uparAMta te dhanavAna, ati smRddhivaMta ane AbAda hatA, ane zatrusajjita yajamAnA ( tenI sevA-sAmaneA karanArA )nI te kAi hRda ja nahAtI ( asa Mkhya hatA ). ATalA avataraNa ( uparathI tenA savadezIya jIvana vize ApaNane sahaja khyAla AvI jAya che. te upara kAMi TIkA karavA jarUra dekhAtI nathI. pazu te kathana sAhityagraMtha AdhAre ALekhAyalu hAvAthI, aitihAsika vRttAMta sAthe sarakhAvI jovAne vAcakavargane vinavavu rahe che. prathama ApaNe saMskRtine viSaya hAtha dharIzu. eka dezanI prajA bIjA deza upara jyAre caDAI laI jAya che tyAre kayA mukhya uddeza temAM samAyalA haiAya che ane te pratyekamAM kevuM pariNAma AbhAdI ane saMskRti AvavA saMbhava che tenA kAMika az citAra ApaNe pR. 37-38 mAM ApI gayA chIe. temaja alekajhAMDara dhI ceSTaTa hiMda upara je Akrama lAvyA hatA temAM tenI murAda zu hatI ane te www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ) keTale darajje krutribhUta thai hatI te paNa ApaNe pu. 2 mAM pR. 225, 235 tathA pR. 3781 mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. alabatta kahevu paDe che ke, A bAbatamAM-alekajhAMDaranI caDAinA pariNAma vize-pAzcAtya ane paurvAtya vidvAneAnAM maMtavya vacce uttara-dakSiNa dizA jeTalu aMtara hAvAnuM47 mAlUma paDe che; paNa temAM kAMi Azcarya pAmavAnuM kAraNa nathI; kemake game tevA vidvAna hAya ane te niSpakSapAta, udAracitta tathA kasAyela lekhaka hAya chatAM Akhare to te eka manuSya ja che ne? eTale, jamaNA hAtha hamezAM potAnA mhAM tarapha ja vaLe che, te kahevata pramANe tene potAnA saMskRtinI mahattvatA ane zreSThatA ja najare dekhAyA kare che; jayAre vAstavika sthiti anyathA ja hoya che. A kathananI satyatA mATe ke. hi. i. nA lekhakanA potAnA zabdo ja sAkSIrUpa gaNAya tevA heAvAthI, atre te DhAMkavA mana thAya che. lekhaka mahAzaya pR. 541 mAM lakhe che ke, " The Indian expedition of Alexander the Great, has for more than twenty-two centuries Western celebrated in the been world as one of the most amzaing feats of arms in the whole of history...No personage of the ancient world is better known; but of this great conqueror, the records of India have preserved no certain tA itihAsa (47) A pRSTho upara TAMkelA avataraNAsarakhAvavAthI khAtrI karI zakAze. (48) pAzcAtyanI najare A kathana khara,bara haro ja; chatAM tenI kadara hiMda sAhityamAM kevI thavA pAnI ke te mATe naM. 49 tu' TippaNa juo. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 159 trace=alekajhAMDara dhI greiTanI hida uparanI caDAine, AkhA itihAsanA yuddhaviSayaka parAkrameAmAMnA utkRSTamAM utkRSTa ajAyabIbharelA eka banAva tarIke pAzcAtya duniyAmAM Aje bAvIsa radI thayA chatAM prasiddhine pAmelA gaNavAmAM Ave che. 48. prAcIna duniyAmAM kAI paNa vyakti ( tenA jeTalA prakhyAtine pAmela nathI, chatAM A mahAna vijetA vize hiMdI sAhityamAM kAMi jarA sarakhAye ullekha thayela mAlUma paDate 49nathI. " A pramANe ekaja vyaktinA parAkrama vize je mataphera bane-pazcimanI tathA pUrvanI duniyAnA-sAhityakAromAM daSTigeAcara thAya che te tenA parAkramanAM mUlya-aMkana vizenI STibhinnatAne lIdhe ja UbhA thayela che; eke tene kevaLa rAjakIya dRSTithI ja nihALyeA che; jyAre khIjAe saMskRtinI dRSTibiMduthI avalAkayo che. OU ' A saMskRti viSayaka carcA paNa ApaNe pu. 2 pR. 378 thI AgaLa " saMskRtinAM saraNu '' vALA pArigrAphamAM spaSTa rIte samajAvI gayA chIe; eTale ahIM te viMtacUrNa banI gayela viSayane punaH sthAna ApavA mAMgatA nathI. mAtra eTalu ja jaNAvavuM yAgya thai paDaze ke, kAIpaNa kAyane je dIkAlI smRtiyogya banAvavuM DrAya, te tenI anya prakAranI mahattvatA batAvavA karatAM, samasta mAnavajAtanA kalyANa mATe te jema bane tema vizeSa upakAraka vaDavA jevuM che. ema puravAra karI Apavu joie. eTale ke je te kAya manuSya sa MskRtinuM poSaka haze to ja tenu AyuSya lakhAi (49 ) je alekajhAMDaranA yazeAgAna pAzcAtya prajAe ATalAM badhAM Dhola nagArAM vagADIne gAyAM che tene hi'dI lekhakoe koi hiMsAtramAM paNa gA nathI; temAM te purUSanAM parAkrama viro rAkA uThAnyAnA muddo nathI ja paNa te parakramane je kruSTiethI www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mirenDaranuM [ dvitIya zakaze. A samayanI pAzcAtya saMskRti keTale darajaje Arya saMskRti karatAM utaratI hatI, enuM eka bIjuM daSTAMta (upara Takele alekajhAMDaranA AkramaNa vizeno daSTAMta prathama jANa ) te yavanapatienA sikkA uparathI ja maLI Ave che. ke. hi. . nA lekhakanA ja zabdo TAMkI batAvIzuM. temaNe pR. 447 mAM jaNAvyuM che ke, Demet. rius does uot seem to have struck any gold. It will be observed that he is the first of the Bactrine | kings to be represented with his shoulders draped and from bis time on wards that feature is virtually universal=(5#{1242 Bahia kaI sikko pADyAnuM jaNAyuM nathI, khAsa noMdha levI rahe che ke, te prathama ja yena-bAdazAha che ke jeNe (sikkAmAM che pitAnA khabhe pIchoDI nAMkhI che (khabhAne hAMkyo che) ane te samayathI ja te prathAne sArvatrika AvakAra maLe che. kahevAno matalaba e che ke, na (pAzcAtya saMskRtimAM ucharelI) prajAmAM gaLA pAsene-khabhAne bhAga ughADe rAkhavAnI eka prathA DimeTrIsanA samaya sudhI cAlI AvatI hatI, paNa teNe (hiMdanI-10 Arya-saMskRtinI zreSThatA nihALIne, khabhA ane gaLA pAse bhAga DhAMkavAna51 prathama ra pADyo hato, ane te eTale badhe sane rUca thaI paDyo hato ke, tyArapachInA sarve rAjA ane samrAToe (ala. batta pAzcAtyadezanA samajavA ) te ja pramANe sikakA pADavAnuM raNa aMgikAra karyo rAkhyuM che ATaluM varNana mAtra saMskRtinI carcAnA aMge ja karavAmAM AvyuM che. te uparathI tathA AgaLanA bane pustakamAM prasaMge pAta je je kAMI ullekha karavAmAM AvyA che te uparathI kaI saMskRti zreSTha gaNAya tene vicAra vAcakavarga svayaM karI leze. atre eTaluM ja vizeSamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, pAzcAtya prajAnA sikkAomAM kaI tatva (kaLAnI daSTi bAda karatAM) sarasAI bhagavatuM hALavAmAM AvatuM nathI. have AbAdI vize thoDuMka jaNAvI A viSaya samApta karIzuM. paradezIonAM AkramaNanA lekhanane prAraMbha karatAM ja, prasaMgane laIne jaNAvavuM paDayuM che ke, hiMda upara caDI AvavAmAM temane mukhya muddo dhanalelupatAne ja ha; paNa eka vAra caDI AvyA pachI je tenA pAsamAM lapaTAine hiMdamAM ja nivAsasthAna teo karatA te, tyAMnI saMskRtimAM aMjAI jaIne tene apanAvI letA hatA. jenAM daSTAMta ApaNe joI paNa gayA chIe. vaLI je je paradezI prajAo para AkramaNa lAvI che, te te sarvanAM vRttAMte jema jema AlekhAtAM jaze, tema tema khAtrI thatI jaze ke A sarve prajAne te ja kudaratI niyamane AdhIna thavuM paDayuM che. nihALavAmAM AvAM che te daSTi ne phera sUcave che. (10) kAraNa ke A penapatie ja prathamamAM prathama hiMdabhUmi upara potAnuM nivAsasthAna banAvIne rahevA mAMDayuM hatuM. tethI karIne Arya saMskRti nIhALavAno avAza tene maLyuM hatuM ane te vizeSa sArI lAgavAthI tenuM anukaraNa teNe kahyuM hatuM. (pA) atyAre paNa ApaNe ghaNuM vyaktione pitAnA aMganA amuka bhAge banAchAditapaNe rAkhatA jaIe chIe. prAcIna saMskRtinI zreSThatA kyA dharaNe racAI haze tenI sAthe A prathAne sarakhAve. eTale te vizene kAMIka khyAla AvI jaze. (52) A Akhe cha khaMDa ja te hakItathI bharapUra che.

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paricheda ] mRtyu kayAre ? mauryasamrATa priyadarzinanA samaya pahelAM selling... The birth of the new kingpaNa bhAratIya samRddhinI ane saMpattinI chAkama- dom of Bactria...Bactria was the chaLa vizenA dilacaspa samAcAra hiMdanI bahAra rich country between the Hindujo ke phelAyA hatA ja ane tethI ja alekajhAMDara kush and the Oxus= sikkAnI prAptithI) dhI greITa jevA mahattvAkAMkSI paradezIo caDI ema sAbita thaI zake che ke, je cAlIsa pacAsa AvyA hatA; temaja selyukasa nikeTara jevA vane itihAsa bilakula aMdhArAmAM ja che te sAhasike te bhUmine kajo meLavavA athavA samaye paNa hiMdanI sarahadanI banne bAjue, te chevaTe banI zake te nihALavA mATe paNa dhamadhokAra pravRttimaya jIvana cAlI rahyuM hatuM. uchALA mArI rahyA hatA; tAMye te kALasudhI vepArIo aviratapaNe AvajAva karatA hatA tevA vartamAna bahu lAMbe dUra ke saMpUrNa satya tathA kavikraya paNa karatA hatA te vakhate) rUpe phelAI gayA na hatA ja; paNa jyArathI samrATa bekaTrIAnuM eka navuM ja rAjya ubhaLyuM hatuM priyadarzine pitAnA dhammamahAmAtrAone aphagA (A) bekaTrIAne dhanAdhya pradeza hiMdukuza ane nistAnanI pelI pAra TheTha misara sudhI temaja okasasa (nadI) vacce Avela che." A uttaramAM cIna dezanI sarahada para mokalAvyA hatA, vAkyamAM rahelA rahasyanI pratIti ApaNe A tyArathI te vyApAra arthe temaja rAjakIya hetu- pRSanA mathALe ALekhela aitihAsika ghaTanA sara manuSyane avarajavara eTale badho vadhI uparathI maLI raheze. uparanA kathanamAM mAtra javA pAmyo hate, ke saheje ja dareka pradezanI eTale ja sudhAro karavo rahe che ke, je aMdhakAraupajane arasaparasa kavikraya thavA mAMDyo hate; maya yugano samaya 40-50 varSane lekhaka mahAtemaja temanI prajAne eka bIjAnI ghaNI zaye jaNavyo che te kharI rIte ajJAta yuga ghaNI bAbate viSe vasturisthatinuM yathAsthita bhAna che ja nahiM; paNa vidvAnoe sekaTasane caMdragupta thayuM hatuM. AthI karIne samrATa priyadarzinanA TharAvIne kAma lIdhe rAkhyuM che, tethI priyadarzinanA rAjaamala pachInA pa0) pacAsa varSamAM te, samayane, azakavardhanano yuga mAnavo paDyo che. bekaTrIA-aphagAnistAna ane hiMdanA vyApAra ane priyadarzinanA pachInA 40-50 varSanA vacce eTalo badho phelAvo thaI gayo hato ke, samayane aMdhakAramaya jaNAvo paDyo che. kembrIja hisTarI opha InDiyAnA lekhaka mahA- minenDaranuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 156 mAM zayane pR. 434 mAM ucAravuM paDayuM che ke: nIpajyuM hoya ema uparamAM meM jaNAvyuM " It ( the witness of coins ) proves che, paNa vizeSa hakIkatanA that there was a busy life, throb- minezvaranuM abhyAsathI ema TharAvavA bing on both sides of the Indian mRtyu kayAre mana thAya che ke tenI sAla frontier during the forty or fifty traNa varSa AgaLa laI jaI years about which history is silent teno samaya i. sa. pU. 159 mAM noMdha; that merchants were constantly Ama karavAnAM be traNa koraNo maLI Ave coming and going, buying and cheH (1) bhUmakanI kArakirdI kSatrapa ane

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162 minenDaranuM [ dvitIya mahAkSatrapa tarIke ja gaNAI che; tema e paNa cakkasa ja che ke, teNe kSaharATa saMvatanI sthApanA I. sa. pU. 157 thI ja karI che. have je teNe kSaharATa saMvata I. sa. pU. 157 mAM sthApyo hoya, ane minenDara pite te bAda cheDe samaya jIvaMta rahI Isa. pU. 156 mAM maraNa pAmyo hoya, to e banavAjoga ja nathI ke minenDara potAnA tAbAnA kSatrapa saradArane tene saMvatsara sthApavA de, hA, eka rIte bane kharuM ke, bhUmaka pote A samaya daramyAna, pitAnA uparI sAme baLavo uThAvIne svataMtra thaI gayo hoya; paNa tevI koI hakIkata atyAra sudhI ItihAsanAM pAne caDI heya evuM ApaNe jANamAM AvyuM nathI. eTale eka ja sthiti mAnI levI rahe che ke, minenDaranA mRtyu bAda ja bhUmaka mahAkSatrapa thavA pAme che ane kSaharATa saMvatenI sthApanA karI che, eTale minenDaranuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 158-59 mAM thayuM gaNavuM rahe che. (2) paMjAba-takSilAnA yena saradAra enTIAlasIdAsanA eka pratinidha nAme helIe Derase zuMgapati bhAga-bhAnumitranI keTaleka aMze tAbedArI svIkArI-kahe ke mitrI saMpAdana karI. zubhecchA prApta karI hatI ema zilAlekhathI jaNAyuM che. A bhAnumitrane samaya ApaNe I. sa. pU. 158 thI 14ra ne Apyo che; have je mine Darane . sa. pU. 156 sudhI jIvaMta mAnIe te teno artha ema thAya ke 158 thI 156 nA be varSa daramyAna, minenDaranI haiyAtImAM ja tenA saradAra enTIAlasIdAse zuMgapatinI zubhecchA meLavavAno prayAsa karyo hato. tevI sthiti minenDara jevo parAkramI bAdazAha calAvI levAnuM sAMkhI na zake, tema bIjI bAju, bhUmaka jevo minenDarano kSatrapa, jIvatA jAgate te ja bhAnumitranA rAjyanI pazcime aDoaDa madhyadeza upara rAjya hakumata bhogavI rahyo hato, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te bhUmake ja, A bhAnumitranA moTA bhAI zuMgapati odraka urphe baLamitrane mArI nAMkhIne keTaleya mulaka pite meLavI lIdhe hato. tevo bAhubaLI kSatrapa bhUmaka paNa, je enTIAlasIdAsa TheTha paMjAbathI potAnA pratinidhine avaMtipati zuMgavaMzI rAjAnI pAse mokalAvato hoya, te pitAnI hakumatanA pradezane vidhIne-cIrIne jatAM ja aTakAvI de, kemake jayAM sudhI potAno bAdazAha minenDara chavata beDe heya, tyAMsudhI tevAM hINapatabharyA pagalAMthI pitAnuM ja nAka vaDhAyuM che ema bhUmaka gaNI lya eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, minenDaranuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 158 mAM nIpajyA bAda ja takSilAne pratinidhi i. sa. pU. 158 mAM avaMti gaye hato; ane A samaye, na tene bhUsake paNa aTakAvyo hoya (je tenA pradezamAMthI te jIte hoya to), tema nahotuM keI mathurAnA pradezamAMthI vIMdhIne jatAM tene aTakAvanAra; kemake tyAMne ziratAja je minenDara hatA te to kyArano raNamAM roLAI cUkyo hato. tema tenI jagyAe koI bIjI vyakti goThavAI cUkI hoya ema jaNAyuM nathI. minenDaranA je saradAre hagAma-hAmAza nAme hatA te54 te tenI pUrve ja laDatA laDatA marI gayA hatA ema kalpI levuM rahe che, kemake je te haiyAta hoya te khuda minenDarane potAne raNe caDavAnuM sarajAyuM ja na hoya. (3) bhAnumitra zuMgavaMzInuM gAdIe besavuM I. sa. pU. 158 (53) have pachI AlekhavAmAM AvanAra tenA jIvanavRttAMte A hakIkata puravAra karI ApI che te juo. (54) A hagAma ane havAmAza vironuM varNana AgaLa upara tRtIya parisadamAM lakhavAmAM Avaze.

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paricheda ] mRtyu kyAre ? 163 mAnavAmAM AvyuM che, tene badale te samaya I. je I. sa. pU. 182 thI 156=36 varSane gaNAvyo sa. pU. 159 mAM mAnavAmAM Ave, te kAnhAyana che tene badale 182 thI 150=23 varSane gaNave. vaMzI pradhAnavaTAne sattAkALa je keTalAkanA A bekaTrIana prajAne rAjavaMza, bekaTrIAnA maMtavya pramANe 45 varSa cAlyo kahevAya che te pradeza rAjasattA upara bhale DimeTrIasanA samaya hakIkata paNa barAbara besatI AvI jAya che. pUrve Avyo hato, chatAM tene itihAsa ApaNe eTale ke bhAminuM gAdIe besavuM ane A bhAratIya vRttAMta varNavatAM pustake jema kAnhAyanavaMzanA pradhAna vaMzano AraMbha thavo utArI zakatA nathI, tema minenDara pachI te banne ekI sAthe ja I sa. pU. 159 mAM keI vyakti te rAjavaMzanI levAM ane zuMgavazanI samApti sAthe ja kAnhAya minenDara haiyAta rahI hoya, chatAM teno vaMzanA pradhAnavaTAnI samApti paNa I. sa. pU. 114 pachI zuM? rAjaamala jo bhAratabhUminI mAM 45 varSanA kALa pachI- sAla pachI-AvI gaI bahAra ja vyApta rahyo hoya te gaNavI. jyAre A be banAvane I. sa. pU. tenI noMdha levAno adhikAra paNa ApaNane 159 mAM laIe tyAre minenDaranuM maraNa paNa rahetuM nathI ja. bAkI vAstavika vastusthiti te te ja sAlemAM levAne ulaTuM vizeSa majabUtIrUpa e ja che ke minenDaranA mRtyu bAda, koI temane gaNAze. pachI te minenDaranuM maraNa paheluM levuM saravara hiMdanI bhUmi upara rAja karavAne rahyo ja ke zuMgavaMzanuM gAdIe besavuM prathama levuM, te ja nathI; paNa evA keTalAye yena saradAranA nAme mAtra savAla laTakato rahyo kahevAya; paNa jyAre DimeTrIasa ane minenTaranI sAthe, temaja chUTApaNe eMTIAlasIdAse maitrI sAMdhavA prayatna sevyo maLI AvyAM che tathA keTalAkanA 55 te sikkAo che te hakIkata upara lakSa ApIe chIe, tyAre paNa upalabdha thayA che ke jethI vidvAne evAM ema svIkAravuM paDe che ke, teNe bhAnamitramAM ja anumAna upara AvyA che ke, AmAM koI ne kAMIka bhAnune tApa joyo hovo joIe. eTale koI rAjapade Avyo hovo joIe ja; paNa ke bhAnumitranA hAthe ja minenDaranuM maraNa thayuM jyAM sarva aMdhakAramaya ke ardhaprakAzita hoya hovuM joIe. pachI te bhAnumitranI haziyArInuM ke tyAM nizcayapaNe zuM kahI zakAya ? jyAre mArI tenA pradhAna kAnhAyanavaMzI vAsudevanI kuzAgrabuddhinI mAhitI ema nIkaLe che ke, rAjA minenDara te doravaNInuM pariNAma hoya te judI vastu ja che. yena olAdane chelle ja hiMdI bhUpati hatA. A badhA saMjogone vicAra karatAM e ja ane je na saradArenAM nAmo maLI Ave che sthiti kalpavI rahe che ke I. sa. pU. 158-9mAM te te DimeTrIasa ane minenDaranA samaye judA ja minenDaranuM mRtyu nIpajyuM hovuM joIe. judA prAMta upara vahIvaTa calAvanAra temanA have jyAre minenDaranuM maraNa I. sa. pU. sUbAo ja hatA. eTale ke teo pitapatAnA 156 ne badale I. sa. pU. 159 mAM thayAne prAMto upara, pitAnA uparI sattAvALA rAjavI saMbhava vizeSa mAnya rAkhIe chIe te nIce enA samaye, samakAlIna5Ne rAjakAbU dharApramANe sudhAre karavo paDaze ke-minenDarane samaya vatA vahIvaTI amaladAre hatA; jemane aMgrejI (55) A mATenI samajUtI sArU nIce "heddAonI samaja" vALe pArItrA juo

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164 bhASAmAM vidvAnAe Contemporary rulers= samAlIna rAjakartA tarIke oLakhAvyA che. paNa tee tAbedArapaNe rahyA hovAthI, patihAsamAM svataMtra rAjA tarIkenA vRttAMtalekhatanA adhikArI, teo ApaNI diSTae rahetA nathI. vAcakavargane temanI oLakha rahe te mATe mAtra temanAM nAme| jyAM mULa pustake lakhAyAM che tyAMnA lakhANa sAthe atre rajU karIzuM. ke. IM. hiM, pR. 543:--Apollolotus and Menander, as well as Demetrius, belonged to the house of Euthyde. mus and that all these three princontemporary=epeleDeTasa ane minenDara temaja DimeTrIasa, yuthIDImasanA vaMzanA hatA ane A traNe rAjavaMzI purUM samakAlInapaNe thayA hatA. ces were te ja pustaka pR. 546:--The princes of the house of Euthydemus, who reigned both in Bactria and in kingdoms south of the Hindu-kush are Demetrius, Pantaleon, Agathocles and probably also Antimachus=yuthIDImasanA vaMzanA je rAjakumArAe ekadrIAmAM ane hiMdukuzanI dakSiNe Avela rAjapradezamAM rAjya karyuM. hatuM. temAM DimeTrIasa, penTelIana, egethAkalsa hatA temaja enTImekasa paNa sa'bhave che. A uparAMta bIjA keTalAMka chUTAMchavAyAM nAma paNa vAMcavAmAM Ave che, jevAM ke Phelo hAddAonI (56) a. hiM. I. trIjI AvRtti. pR. 227; tathA ke. hiM. I. pR. 526-7, ( 57 ) kA. e. iM. ( kani'gahAma ) pR. 86, (58) heddAne lagatI tathA tenI pachInA pArAmAM lakhelI ' anya khAsiyatA' vALI hakIkata darzAvI che Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dvitIya xemis, Nicias and Hippostratus= IlokapremIsa, niziAsa ane hippoTTeTasa. A sivAya bI^ e nAme je itihAsanA abhyA sIne vizeSa paricita che te hagAma 6 athavA hugAna, 57 ane hugAmasapa athavA hagAmALanAM17 che. A pAchalAM nAmavALA bA ene adhikAra, mathurA nagarIvALA pradeza upara hatA; paNa temanA samaya cokkasapaNe huM meLavI zakayA nathI. banavAjoga che ke mitenDa ranI pUrve, eTale DimeTrIasanA samaye te sattAdhIza hatA. te banne eka pachI eka sattA upara AvyA che ke judA judA prAMte upara nImAyA hatA te bahu mahattvanI vAta nathI; kemake game tema paNa teo svataMtrapade na heAvAthI ApaNe temanuM vRttAMta lakhavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. yAna prajA vize bhAratIya ItihAsa parave je je ApaNe jANavAyeAgya lAgatuM hatuM. te ahIM AgaLa pUrU thAya che; chatAM eka sAmAnya bAbata je save paradezI prajA humalA lAvanAra tarIke prasiddha thaI che temane lagatI hAine, te atre samajAvI levA dhArU hyu. A khInA temanA hAddAne58 lagatI che. atre te| hAddAne lagatI sAmAnya rUparekhA ja utArI che; ke jethI arasaparasanI sarakhAmaNI karavA upayogI thai paDe. bAkI je khAsa khAsa viziSTatA haze te tathA te mATenA saMbhavita kAraNAnI carcA tA temanAM vivaraNa lakhatI vakhate karavAmAM Avaze. hAddAonI samaja te khAsa abhyAsanA pariNAme meM tAravI kADhelAM anumAnarUpa ja lekhavAnI che. vizeSa gaveSaNAthI te kheTI paNa thAya ke sAcI paNa nIvaDe matalaba ke atyAre tene dizAsUcaka ja lekhavAnI che; nizcayarUpe nathI lekhavAnI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ]. samaja. 165 (1) vena athavA bekaTrIansa mULe yavana dekhAte 61; paNa teone pitApitAnA pradezamAM upaathavA grIka prajAmAMthI utarI Avela hevAthI, bhegI thaI zake tevA sikkA pADavAno akhatyAra surata bekaTTIana dezane rAjA pote mAtra fing=rAjAne karyo hato ema sikkA uparathI samajI zakAya che. IlkAba ja dhAraNa karatA hatAjyAre yavanapati A sarve paradezI prajAnI eka khAsiyata, athavA prosa dezane rAjA pitAne Great king= je A prajAthI khAsa judI ja tarI Ave che, mahArAjA tarIke oLakhAto hato. A be te e che ke teo potAnI vyaktigata-aMgataikAladhArImAMthI ApaNe Great king the59 mahattatA vizepa paDatuM vajana ApatI AvI bilakula levAdevA nathI, kema ke temanuM jIvana hiMda che. ane tethI temanA sikkA upara te utpAdaka bahAranI bhUmi upara ja vyatIta thatuM hatuM. te chApanAranuM mAruM to avazya hoya che ja; pramANe bekaTrIana rAjAnuM paNa samajI levuM, jyAre Arya bhUpALIne te bAbatanI kAMI ja chatAM te dezanA je rAjAoe hiMdane mAdara- paDI na hovAthI, temanAM mahorAMnA sthAne sikakA vatana banAvyuM hatuM temane aMge te ApaNe upara, potAnA vaMzanuM, kuLanuM ke dharmanuM je kaI mAhitagAra rahevuM ja paDe. eTale ahIM temanA cihna ThIka lAgatuM te paDAvatA hatA. A hoddAne ullekha karavo paDyo che. have jyAre napatio pitAnI hukumatanA sarva pradezamAM teo hiMdamAM rahIne svataMtra rAjayaamala calA- cAlI zake tevA sarvasAmAnya sikkA paDAvatA vatA hatA, tyAre temane potAnA pradezanA judA hatA ke kema ? athA te prAMtika sabAo judA prAMte upara vahIvaTa calAvavAne sUbAo pitAnA prAMta mATe khAsa judA ja ane sarva te nImavA ja paDatA; eTale te daSTie A sAmAnya mATe paNa judA ja calAvatA ke kema ? napatio pitAne paNa mahArAjA jevA gaNI athavA te eka bAjU pitAnuM ane bIjI bAjU pitAnA sUbAne king tarIke oLakhAvI zakata: pitAnA uparI rAjAnuM mahoruM paDAvatA ke kema? paNa joI zakAya che ke, temaNe potAne sAdA AvA aneka prakAramAMnuM kayuM gheraNa temaNe aMgIrAjA *=king tarIke ja jAhera karI, potAnA kAra karyuM hatuM te vize temanA sikakAne lagatA sUbAne paNa svataMtratA arpaNa karI dIdhI che. je abhyAsamAM UMDe utarela na hovAthI huM cokkasa ke temaNe A sUbAone keAI IlkAbe aryo nathI paNe kahI zakato nathI. (59) AthI alekajhAMDara dhI greITane Great A yona sUbAone pAchaLathI ilkAba joDAyAnuM King kahI zakAya; temaja kaI rAjAne Great King jaNAyuM che paNa te mATe kadAca nIcenAM kAraNa hoya nI upAdhI joDI heya te te grIsa dezane rAjA che (1) sUbAe e pote ja dekhAdekhIthI ke rAjAnI geraema samajavuM. hAjarI darzAvIne potAne judI rIte oLakhAvavA (10) DimeTrIasa, minenDara vigere potAne mATe te ilakAba dhAraNa karyo hoya (2) athavA rAjAe rAjA=King tarIke ja oLakhAvI rahyA che. pote ja yena saradAra ane bIna na sarahAra ema eLa(61) anya paradezI prajAnA sUbAone satarap= khavA mATe bheda pADyA hoya, kSatrapa evo hedo apAyo che. A uparathI samajAze (62) sarakhA pu. 2, pR 54 nuM lakhANa ke jo koI hodo ke IlakAba vinAnuM nAma Ave te (66) jue pu. 2, pR. 56 tathA 67 ane te yena prajAne sUbo che ema samajI levu.. AgaLanI hakIkata,

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hoddAonI [ dvitIya hAla turata ApaNe eTaluM ja jANavA pUratuM gaNAze ke, yavanapatione Great Kings; yonapatione Kings ane temanA sUbAone kAMI paNa ilakAba lagADavAmAM AvatuM nahIM. je ke keTalAka sUbAne kAba lagADela hovAnuM maLI Ave che, paNa te mATe vadhAre saMbhavita kAraNa e che ke, temanA rAjAnI gerahAjarI thatAM, pite yavanapatinA kuLamAMthI utarI nathI AvyA teTaluM darzAvavA khAtara te sagAoe pote ja dhAraNa karyo hoya te banavAjoga che. ane te paNa dekhAdekhIthI ja banavA pAmyuM lAge che. (te mATe AgaLa juo.) (2) pahalavAjha ane pArthiasA-A prajAnuM mULa vatana IrAna che; ane irAnI rAjAo pitAne zahenazAha64_King of Kings nA birUdathI oLakhAvatA eTale ema samajavuM paDe che ke IrAnanA mULa gAdIpatinI AjJAne AdhIna rahIne bIjA aneka rAjavIo -rAjakuTuMbamAMthI ja utarI AvelA-nAnA nAnA bhAgo upara rAjya karatA hovA joIe, paNa teone (AvA nAnA rAjAone ) darajajo, vartamAnakALe dezI rAjAomAM phaTAyA-bhAyAta kumAronA jevo gaNAto haze; jyAre rAjakuTuMbanI (64) grIka bAdazAhanuM pada-Great King hatuM jyAre IrAnI zahenazAhanuM King of Kings hatuM : be varane A pramANe pheraphAra che. ke. hi. I. pR. 567-Great king of kings a title which is distinctly Persian-Romanian mahArAja'te birUda khAsa IrAnI bhASAnuM ja gaNAya che. hiMda upara mojhIsa rAjA je thaye che ( jue pArthiana panAnA vRttAMte) te pitAne King Mauses lakhI zakata; paNa pAchaLathI King of kings vAparyuM lAge che te mATe tenuM vRttAMta jue. (65) avaMtipati gadabhIla rAjAnA samaye je sAthe lehIsaMbaMdhathI joDAyela na hoya, paNa mAtra vahIvaTa calAvavA pUrato ja sUbA pade nImAyela hoya tene satra5=Satarap nAmathI oLakhAvatA. eTale ke IrAnanI mULa gAdI upara birAjanAra King of Kings, nAnA bhAyAta Kings ane vahIvaTa karanAra sUbAo Sataraps kahevAtA. A satrapa zabdane anya paradezIoe teneja maLa zabada "kSatrapa66 ja che; paNa A satrapa ane kSatrapanI mahatvatAmAM eka jabaradarata pheraphAra e jaNAI Ave che ke, kSatrapa nAmanI vyakti amuka adhikAra prApta thaye "mahAkSatrapa enI padavIe caDhI zakatA hatA jayAre satrapane bIjA koI ucca sthAnanI prAptine avakAza ja nahoto. pArthiane prajA te palavAjhamAMthI utarI AvelI hovAthI temanA saradAre pitAne KingNa nI upAdhithI saMbodhatA temAMthI vaLI je hiMdamAM AvI vasyA hatA temane itihAsakAroe Indo-Parthians kahyA che. uparanA sarve amaladAroe paNa pitApitAnA nAme sikakA paDAvyA che. temanuM dhoraNa paNa na prajAne ja maLatuM haze ema samajavuM rahe che. (3) kSaharATa ane zaka (zithiansasithiansa) A prajA upara varNavAyelI bane prajA zakaprajAne jainAcArya kAlikasUri hiMdamAM teDI lAvyA hatA temanuM saMsthAna, AvA prakAranA eka rAjAnI hakamatamAM hatuM ane tevA rAjAone u5rI rAjAzahenazAha, te irAnane zahenazAha samajavuM athavA bIjI rIte paNa hoI zake. te mATe zaka prajAnA vRttAMte AgaLa uparanA navamA paricchede juo. (66) kSaharATa, kuzAna vigere prajAnAM vRttAMta vAMce ne sarakhA. kSatrapano artha zuM thAya che ne kema phera paDe che te AgaLa upara dareka prajAnA varNana lakhatI vakhate samajAvavAmAM Avaze. ( juo uparanI TI. naM. 8 )

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pariccheda } ( yAna ane pArthiansa) karatAM bhAratanI vizeSa nikaTamAM vasanArI hAvAthI temanA AcAravicAra bhAratIya prajAne ja maLatA thai gayela najare paDe che. AthI karIne kSaharATa prajAnI bhASA jene kharADInA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che ane sithiasanA bhASA je brAhmi heAvA sa Mbhava che, te ane, hiMdanI te vakhatanI mAgadhI bhASA sAthe vadhAre maLatI Ave che. kSaGarATa ane sithiansa prajA kAI svataMtra rIte rAjamala upara sthApita thayelI nahI. hAvAthI, temanAmAM ( King), mahA( rAjA (Great King) ke zahenazAha ( King of kings ) jevAM kAi birUda ja nahAtAM. alabatta, eTaluM kharU che ke te rAjapade AvyA che ja, paNa mULamAM kASTa pradeza upara Adhipatya bhAgavatA nahAtAja ema kahevAne hetu che. ane tethI teo potAne kSatrapa (peAtAnI pADozI prajA-paddhavAjha ane pArthi ansanA kSetrapane lagatA zabda ) kahevarAvatA, jyAMsudhI temanA mAthe anya kAi uparI sattAnI dhuMsarI patharAyalI hAya tyAM sudhI ja; paNa jevA te uparI sattAnA abhAva thatA ( pachI te sattAzALI vyakti maraNa pAme tyAre ke, pote mAthuM UMcakI sattA bhogavatI vyaktinI dhuMsarI pheMkI de tyAre : A pramANe game te prasaMga banato ) ke turata ja te peAtAne " mahAkSatrapa '' tarIke oLakhAvatA ane potAnA kSatrapa tarIke ( madadanIza tarIke potAnA ja yuvarAjane ke gAdIvArasane te sthAne sthApatA, A uparathI samajAze ke " mahAkSatrapa '' zabdanI vaparAza, kSaharATamAM ke bInasvataMtra prajAmAM ja che; jyAre satrapa ane kSatrapa tA dareka praznamAM che; chatAM pahalavAjhanA satrapamAM ane kSaharATanA kSetra5mAM upara batAvyA pramANe aMtara rahelu che. pallavAjhanA satrapa kApa mahAkSatrapa thavA pAmata nathI ja; jyAre kSaharATanA kSatrapa banatA sudhI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat samaja 167 yuvarAja ke gAdIvArasa ja hoya che ane kALa game te mahAkSatrapa banI zake che. A kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrA paNa sikkA paDAvatA hatA ja. ( 4 ) kuzAna.--A prajAnI sadhaLI rItabhAta tenA nikaTanA sabaMdhamAM AvelI kSaharATa prajAne maLatI che. temanAmAM paNa kSatrapa ane mahA kSatrapa jevA ja hAddAo hatA. vaLI teo sikkAo paNa paDAvatA hatA ja. tema kSaharATa prajAnI peThe ja temanA heAddAnu caDautara dhAraNa paNa hatuM; paNa tema nAmAM kSaharATa prazna karatAM eka vizeSatA e hatI ke, te mULa gAdInA hakadAra haiAvAthI temanA vaMzanA purUSo je mULa gAdIe birAjatA te mahArAjAdhirAja ke tevA ja adhikAravALI upAdhi peAtAnA nAma sAthe joDatA; jyAre bhAyAta jevA ke saradAra jevA hatA te kSaGarATa prajAnI mAphaka peAtAne sAdA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanI padavIthI ja oLakhAvatA. A prajAnA adhikAranuM varNana pu. 4 mAM AvavAnuM che . eTale tyAMsudhI vizeSa lakhavu mulatavI rAkhavu ucita gaNAze. OU upara pramANe A saghaLI paradezI prajAenI rAjasattA bhogavatI vyaktionA hAddAonI samajUti ApI che. te uparathI amuka purUSa kruSTa prajAnI elAdanA che tathA tenI sattAnuM sthAna keTalI mahattvatAvALu che tene keTaleka aMze vAcakavarga tAla karI zakaze ema mArU mAnavuM thAya che. tema khIjI paNa keTalIka khAsiyA upayogI thai zake tevI mane dekhAi che te nIcenA pAritrAmAM batAvI che. A khAsiyatA e viSayane aMgenI cheH anya khAsiyatA eka sikkAne lagatI ane khIjI zilAlekhA ke dAnapatrAne lagatI. sikkAne lagatI keTalIka hakIkata uparanA kt * hAddAnI samaja " vALA pArimAmAM jo ke www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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temanI [dvitIya lakhAI gaI che, chatAM pharIne jaNAvavAnuM ke, hiMdanI67 bahAranI bhUminI koI paNa prajA hAyapachI te Arya saMskRtithI raMgata banIne rakta thaI gaI8 hoya ke adharaMgita banI hoya69 ke tene jarA paNa sparza na tha ya70-teye te pitAnA sikkA upara mahArUM te avazya paDAvatI ja; jyAre hiMdamAM rahetI koI prajA potAnA sikakA upara mahoruM paDAvavAmAM samajatI ja nahatI. AnuM kAraNa kadAca ema havA saMbhava che ke, jene ApaNe dharmanuM nAma ApI zakIe chIe ane jene saMbaMdha AmAnI oLakha sAthenA vijJAnamAM raheluM che, tenuM bhAna hiMdanI prajAmAM vizeSapaNe hatuM. eTale teo mAruM paDAvavAnI paddhatine ahaMbhAvanI nizAnI- rUpa gaNI, pitAnI chatmavaMcanA thavA detA nahIM; paNa UlaTuM pitAnA dharma pratyenI bhAvanA vyakta karavAne sikakA upara temanA pitAnA dharmane lagatAM ja cihno kotarAvatA; ane potAno ja dharma pALatA; paNa anya deza ke vaMzanA rAjA ethI pitAnI oLakhANa judI paDI zake mATe, sAthe sAthe-alabatta, sikkAnI bIjI bAju upara pitAnAM kuLasucaka ke dezasUcaka nizAnIo mUkatA, jyAre hiMdanI bahAranI bhUmivALAone dharmabhAvanA ke adhyAtmikatA jevuM na hovAthI dhArmika cihnanI samaja paNa temane nahatI tema tenI AvazyakatA paNa nahotI. eTale te sikko kone che eTaluM batAvavA pUratuM je maheruM kahevAya, te pratyeka rAjavI pote pADelA sikkA upara katarAvavAne talapApaDa banI rahe." A temanI manodazAmAM-mamatva kahe ke ahaMbhAva ke cetanyajJAnapipAsAne abhAva kahe ke jaDatAnI sanmukhatA kahe-je pramANamAM vasI rahI hoya tenuM sUcaka che. A sthiti teo jyAM sudhI hiMdanI bhUmithI alaga paDyA rahyA hatA tyAM sudhI cAlu rahI hatI; paNa jevA teo hiMdI sAthe haLatA maLatA thayA tevA temanI saMskRti, raheNIkaraNI ane rAhothI paricita banavA lAgyA temaja temAM te pramANe ghaTate pheraphAra karavA maMDyA. A mahatvano pheraphAra temaNe be dizAmAM arasaparasa karyo dekhAya che; paradezI prajAe potAnA sikkAmAM dhArmika cihno dAkhala karyA 73 ane hiMdI bhUpatioe maherAM dAkhala karyA. ATaluM (67) vartamAna hiMdustAna kahevAno matalaba che. prAcIna hiMdamAM= maratakhaMDamAM te hAlane balucistAna ane aphagAnistAnane samAveza paNa thaI jato hato (juo uparamAM jaMbudvIpa vigerenuM varNana ) (68) AvI prajAmAM kSaharATa ane sithikhansane keTaleka aMze gaNI zakAze. kAraNa ema lAge che ke, te hiMdanI ati nikaTamAM vasI rahI hatI ane vyApArI saMbaMdhane lIdhe vAraMvAra arasaparasa sahavAsamAM temane AvavuM paDatuM hatuM. (69) AnA dehAMta tarIke, na. 68 nA TIpaNavALI prajAnA sthAnathI jarAka Adhe vasanArI, eTale pazcime irAnI prajA ( palavAjha ) ane uttaramAM kuzAna prajAnAM nAma gaNavAM. (70) Ane daSTAMtamAM na. 19 nA TIpaNa karatAMye vizeSa A vasanArI prajA gaNavI rahe che, eTale pazcime yavana ane uttare yAna (dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke atyAre badhI vAta I. sa. pU. nI bIjIthI pAMceka sadI sudhInI thAya che. nahIM ke be traNa cAra hajAra varSa pUrvanI ) ( 7 ) A mATe pu. 2, pariccheda trIjo; sikkA prakaraNe; zizunAga, naMda ane mauryavaMzI sikkAo juo. ( 72 ) khAnAM daSTAMta tarIke, yAna (rAnA DimeTrIasa, minenDara ) megnIjha, kuzanavaMzI kaDaphasIjha vigerenA sikkAo jue. ( 69 ) bhUmaka, nahapANa, haviSya, kaniSka vasu. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] khAsiyata varNana pratyeka sikakAnA rAjavInI saMskRtinuM King=bAdazAha (3) mahAkSatrapa ane (4) kSatrapa tathA tenA samayanuM kAMIka anumAna5 bAMdhavAne vigere bhinna bhinna padavIoupayogI nIvaDe evI dhAraNuM rAkhI AgaLa vadhIzuM. kSatrapanI vALA zAsakonA adhikAra uparamAM sikkAnI bAbata kahI; have zilA- sattA vize paratve je vicAra darzAvyA lekha ane dAnapatrane lagatI ekAda be bInA pramANabhUta che tethI sarva saradAro kayA jaNAvI dauM. rAjAo jyAre jyAre prasaMga paDaye kathana kyA dezanA ane kaI kaI zilAlekha katarAvatA ke dAnapatra arpaNa karatA prajAnA adhikArIo che tenI tyAre tyAre amuka paddhatie ja lakhANa karatA kAMIka samajaNa paDI jAya che. A saghaLI vAta hevA joIe ema sahaja anumAna karIe te ApaNe mAtra itihAsanAM vAcana ane anukhoTuM nathI. ane temAM paNa AvA lekhane aMte bhava uparathI ja upajAvI kADhelI gaNavAnI che. tema karyA mATe samaya je teo darzAvatA, temAM te bAbatamAM, sattA samAna lekhAtA koI graMthamAM te teo pitApitAnI paddhatine khAsa karIne tenuM vivaraNa maLI Ave te sAthe sAthe cIvaTapaNe vaLagI ja rahetA hatA ema dekhAya tapAsI zakAya; temaja te kathana-vivaraNa sAthe che.76 ane A pramANenI prathA aMgIkAra kara- ApaNuM anumAna keTalA pramANamAM baMdhabesatuM vAmAM paNa, sikkAnI paddhatimAM darzAvI gayA chIe thaI zake che tenI tulanA karavAnuM paNa sagavaDate ja pramANe, pratyekanI saMskRti ane dhArmika bharyuM thAya. temAMnuM eka kathana A pramANe che. saMskAra vigere vigere javAbadAra haze, ema - hisTerIansa hisTarI opha dhI varlDamAM pratyakSa dekhAI Ave che. hiMdI rAjavIo amuka lakhyuM che ke -In ancient history it kArya karavA mATe tenA samayadarzanamAM amuka varSa ( Satarap ) is the name given by raMtu, mahine ke divasa ema badhuM nirdezatA jyAre je the Persians to their provincial hiMdIo nahotA te mAtra varSa ja batAvatA; vaLI governors. The functions and duties A bInahiMdIomAM paNa, jema jema hiMdanI of a Satarap were-( The empire bhUmithI dUra dUra jatA jaIe chIe tema tema, of Darius included as many as 30 samayanirdezananI cAra vastumAMthI (varSa, ratu, Satarapies ). They did not attempt mahine ane divasa) akekanuM. vadhatA ochA to subjugate the races that peoplpramANamAM, adrazya paNuM thatuM nihALAya che. ed their dominions, but on the uparamAM ApaNe (1) King of Kings= contrary accepted the manners, mahArAjAdhirAja, zahenazAha (2) (Great custoins and religion of the people deva vigerenA sikkAo juo. ( 74 ) nahapANane sikkA jue. ( 5 ) A badhAM kathananI sAbitInAM daSTAMte mATe 5 2 mAMnA sikkAne lagatAM be parie joDyAM che te joI levA. (71 ) uparanI TIkA naM. 55 tathA 58 juo, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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170 over whom they ruled. He was the head of the administration: he collected taxes, controlled the local officials, the subject tribes and cities; and was the supreme Judge of the province to whose chair every civil and criminal case would be brought. He was assisted by a council to which also provincials were added and as controlled by a royal secretary and by emissaries of the king. The system though succeeded in I'ersia, was but a failure in India. The title of Mahakshatrapa occupied a position of greater power and independence than a Kshatrapa but was nevertheless subservient to his overlord, who was called the * King of Kings ''=prAcIna itihAsamAM IrAnI leAkA pAtAnA prAMtika sUbAne kSatrapa nAmathI sodhatA. (zahenazAha DeraasanA samaye lagabhaga 30 jeTalA tevA kSetrapa adhikArIe hatA) temanAM AdhakAra ane karaja A pramANe hatAM. temanA pradezamAM-saMsthAnamAM je prajA AvI rahelI heAya temane tee gulAma anAvatA-kacarI nAMkhatA nahIM, paNa UlaTu je prajA upara te zAsana calAvatA temanAM AcAravicAra rItarivAja tathA dharmanA pAte svIkAra karatA. te sarva rAjavahIvaTanA atragaNya uparI rahetA-te karaverA udharAvatA, sthAnika amaladAra temaja tAbAnI prajA ane nagarA upara dekharekha rAkhatA; ane (TUMkAmAM) je prAMta (77) jI a. hi, iM. trIjI AvRtti pR. 227, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat sattA vizenAM [ dvitIya uparanA adhikAra tene suprata thatA tenI-te pradezanIje kAI divAnI phojadArI bAbate tenI samakSa rajU karavAmAM AvatI, te sadhaLI upara tenA cUkAdo sarvoparI lekhAtA. tenA kAmamAM madada karavAne eka kausIla-sabhA nImavAmAM AvatI; temAM prAMtika ( saradArA ) paNa umeravAmAM AvatA; tathA te saghaLA upara rAjakuTuMbamAMnA eka matrI ke rAjAnA elacI dekharekha rAkhatA. A pramANenI rAjavahIvaTI prathA bhale irAnamAM saphaLa nIvaDI hatI paNa hiMdamAM te akaLa ja thai hatI. eka kSatrapa karatAM mahAkSatrapane do gauravatAmAM kAMika ciDayAtA gaNAtA hatA; chatAM AkharIe teA te peAtAnA ziratAjanA tAbedAra ja gaNAtAH ( A ziratAjane ) zahenazAha athavA mahArAjAdhirAja kahevAmAM AvatA, A pramANe irAnI zahenazAhatanA baMdhAraNamAM kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa ane zahenarAhanA darajjAnI vAta karavAmAM AvI che. jyAre mi. vinseTa smitha potAnA vicAra jaNAvatAM ema kahe che ke,77 The word Satarap shows as subordi nates of the Persian or Parthian sovereign=kSatrapa zabda ja batAve che ke, te IrAnI athavA pArthiana zahenazAhane AjJAM. kita adhikArI hatA. eTale temanu kahevu ema thAya che ke, irAnanA rAjavahIvaTI baMdhAraNamAM kSatrapanA darajjo zahenazAhanA AjJAMkita amaladAra jevA hatA, ane sAthe sAthe te ema paNa kahetA jaNAya che ke, mahAkSatrapa jevA kAI hAddA te baMdhAraNamAM nahAtA. eTale dhAruM chuM ke eka lekhake je nIce pramANe udgAra kADhyA che te, tene anusaratA pheraphAra paNa baMdhAraNIya che ema rAvavA mATe ja haze. te lekhaka kSatrapa ane ( 78 ) ja, bAM. tre, ra. e. seA. pu. 20, pU. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] mahAkSatrapa vize vivecana karatAM jaNAve che ke, Later on, these titles seem to have gone an under-change that those who were called kshatrapas were subordinated to the Mahakshatrapas or some foreign kings who conquered them; and those who styled them as Mahakshatrapas were indepen* dent and owed felty to none=bhAgaLa jatAM A heddAnA adhikAra paratve pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyA lAge che; eTale ke A kSatra kAM to mahAkSatraponA hAtha taLe gaNAtA athavA te je paradezI rAjAe temanA upara vijaya meLavatA temanA tAkhedAra gAtA; je mahAkSatrapa birudavALA hatA te te svataMtra hatA temaja temanA upara konuM' zirachatrapaNuM nahotu. eTale have samajAze ke khIjI prajAmAM kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa paNa hatA, temAM kSatrapa nAnA amaladAra ane te mahAkSatrapanA tAmAneA ja gaNAtA; jyAre mahAkSatrapa kAI uparI nahAtA ja. jyA2e uparanA TAMcAthI ApaNe eTaluM te joi zakIe chIe ja ke mahAkSatrapane te sarve lekhakoe bhale svataMtra adhikArI tarIke ApaNA ane skUla rAkhyA che, paNa je temanAM kathananA cokhavaTa ApaNe batAvI che taphAvata tevI temAMnAkAe batAvI nathI. temaNe batAvelA bheda- kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa ane khUda zahenazAha vaccenA 281, TI. 35. ( 79 ) svata Mtra prazna tarIke yAna-bekaTrIansa ane pA'iansa-pallavAjha-paziansa temaja kuzAna che. i. samajavI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat pramANika kathana 171 adhikAra paratvene bheda-kabUla rAkhyA uparAMta ApaNe teA ema paNa jaNAvI dIdhuM che ke, je prajA mULe svata Mtra nahatI temAMnA koi saradAra ke adhikArI, rAjyapati banatA tyAre pote potAne mAkSatrapa padathI vibhUSita thaela jAhera karatA ane potAnA gAdIvArasane athavA yuvarAjane kSatrapa 56 apaNu karatA; eTale AvI sthitimAM je kSatrapa hAya te kALAnukrame gAdIpati thatA ja; ane jayAre gAdIpati anatA tyAre, kSatrapa maTIne mahAkSatrapanuM pada dhAraNa karatA. temAM kSatrapa eTale AjJAMkita ane mahAkSatrapa eTale ciratra, evA prakAranA bheda nahAtA ja; ane teTalA mATe ja, svataMtra prajAnA9 mahAkSatrapanA tathA kSatrapanA jeTalA adhikAra gaNAya tenA karatAM mULe svataMtra na hoya tevI prajAnA mahAkSatrapanA ane kSatrapanA adhikAramAM phera dekhAvAne ja. te A pramANe:-( 1 ) svataMtra prajAne je kSatrapa hAya te mahAkSatrapa bane paNa kharA ane na paNa aneH uparI pade caDavAnA teNe je lhAvA meLavavA te potAnA kismatanu athavA zahenazAhanI kRpAdinu La samajavu' :( 2 ) temaja kSatrapane, mahAkSatrapane ane bAdazAhane sagapaNa saMbaMdha hAya paNa kharA ane na paNa DeAya. ( 3 ) temaja kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanI saMkhyA ekI vakhate eka karatAM vizeSa paNa hoya; jyAre je prajA mULamAM svataMtra na hoya paNa jene pAchaLathI rAjyanI prApti thaI hoya tenA kissAmAM, A traNe muddA paratve phera rahevAnA ja; eTale ke, ( 1 ) temanA kSatrapa je hoya te kALakrame gAdIpati ane ja (80) mULe ekadama svata tra na hoya paNa pAchaLathI vijaya meLavI gAdIpati banI hAya tevI praznanA udAharaNamAM kSaharATa, zaka, ravI vigere vigere gaNavI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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172 kathanane taphAvata [ dvitIya ane mahAkSatrapa kahevAya ja, temAM kismata ke kRpAdRSTinuM avalaMbana heya ja nahIM. (2) kSatrapa te mahAkSatrapane je putra-yuvarAja athavA tenA abhAve dattaka gAdIvArasa te joIe. A pramANe lehIvrathInuM nikaTanuM joDANa ja heya. (7) tema kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa banne ekekanI ja saMkhyAmAM rahevAnA. eka samaye ane eka rAjayamAM eka karatAM vadhArenI saMkhyA temanI haI zake ja nahIM. kahyuM kathana vadhAre spaSTatA- vALuM ane mAnanIya che ke te vAcakavRMdane anubhavamAM Ave te kharuM. atra je sarvasAmAnya hakIkatanuM khAna ApavAnuM rahetuM hatuM te paNa purU thAya che. na pachI bIjI prajA pahalavAjha ane pArthiansa kahI che. eTale tenuM varNana hAtha dharavuM joIe; paNa yena prajAne sattAkALa AthamI jatAM, laharATa prajAnI sattAne udaya thayo che, eTale samayanI gaNanAthI tenuM vRttAMta prathama lai levuM gya lAgyuM che, kemake tema karavAthI eka te rAjakIya sthitinuM anusaMdhAna maLI rahe che tema bIjI rIte etihAsika vastusthiti samajavAnI sugamatA vadhatI jAya che.

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*|rell tRtIya pariccheda paradezI AkramaNakAro (cAlu) saMkSipta sAra- (zA) kSaharATa prajA -te prajA ahiMdI gaNAya ke kema tenI karelI carcA-brAhmI lipimAM anyanuM mizraNa thavAthI khareNI bhASAne thayela janma-brAhmI ane pachInI karelI sarakhAmaNI-kharechInAM mULa vize vidvAnanAM maMtavyadarzana-khareNI ane saharAne batAvele saMbaMdha-khareNI bhASAne vikAsa-harATa prajAnA kSetrane Apela ItihAsatemaNe judA judA traNa pradeza upara bhegavela hakumata-hagAma ane hagAmAsanAM zedhI, kADhela tavArIkha ane samaya- madhya pradeza (1) bhUmakA-tenI jAta vizenI mAhitI, tathA kSatrapa nahapANa sAthe pUravAra karI Apela tene saMbaMdha-tenA samayanI laMbANu tapAsa ane karI Apela nirNaya-pitAnI jAti uparathI teNe karelI kSaharATa saMvatsaranI sthApanA-tenAM AyuSya tathA jIvanabanane Apela hevAla-tenA rAjayavistAranuM kareluM varNana-tenA rAjanagaranAM sthAnanI (saMbhavita cAra sthaLanI) karelI carcA- Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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hATAjha [ svatIya () kSaharATAjha=KshaharatasekhaharATAjha A prajAnuM vasatIsthAna jene te samaye jema zakaprajA tarIke temanI gaNanA karI zakAya kAbe ja kahetA hatA te pradeza hato te bhUmimAM vartamAna nahIM; tema arvAcIna vyAkhyA pramANe paNa temanuM aphagAnistAnane uttara-pUrva utpattisthAna zistAnamAM na hovAthI temane dezI ke bhAga tathA hiMdukuzanA dakSiNa zaka tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya nahI. matalaba ke, paradezI bhAgano samAveza thato hata; game te rIte vyAkhyA karIe, te paNa temane ke jenA upara pu. 1, pR. 71 zakaprajA tarIke to oLakhAvI zakAya tema che ja nahI. ane AgaLamAM jaNAvyA pramANe gAMdhArapati temanI lipine kharAdI tarIke oLakhA(hAlane paMjAbadezanI satA I. sa. pU. chaThThA vAya che. pachI te prajAnAM nAma uparathI lipinuM nAma saikA sudhI cAlatI hatI. eTale A deza kharI jAyuM che ke lipi uparathI rIte hiMdane ja bhAga hato jethI tene paradezI temanI lipi prajAnuM nAma ghaDI kaDhAyuM che tarIke gaNI zakAya nahIM. tema ekadama prAcIna te nirNaya karavAnuM kAma kALe paNuM te jaMbUdIpanI aMdara ja samAviSTa ApaNuM nathI; paNa te lipinA mULAkSaro jotAM thayela hovAthI tene videza kahI zakAya nahIM; hiMdIlipine te vadhAre maLatI AvatI jaNAya paNa pachI te prAMta irAnI zahenazAhatamAM ane che. hiMdanI-AryAvartanI-jaMbudvIpanI prAcIna te bAda siriyana prajAnI sattAmAM javAthI tathA bhASAnuM nA brAhmI che. I. sa. pU. AThamI hiMdanI sarahada saMkucita banI javAthI te ke sAtamI sadI sudhI A bhASA sarvasAmAnya bhAgane videza eTale hiMdanI bahArano pradeza hatI ema samajAya che. vaidika matAnuyAyI graMthanA lekhavAmAM Avyo che. teTale darajaje tenI prajAne mULakartA A kSaharATa kebeja dezanI nikaTamAM ApaNe videzI-paradezI kahI zakIe kharA Avela zistAna pradezanA ja vatanI hei, temanI jethI te prajAne lagatA itihAsa ahIM lakhIe bhASA paNa brAhmI ja hatI. pachI jyAre i. sa. chIe ema samajavAnuM che. 5. nI chaThThI sadImAM A mUlaka upara irAnI itihAsakAroe (bhAratIya ke yuropIyara) zahenazAhata ft hakumata AvI, tyAre A pradezanI A prajAne "zaka' tarIke saMbodhI che, paNa brAhmI lipi upara temanI pahelavI bhASAnI taonuM mULa vatana ' zAkIpa'mAM na hovAthI asara thaI ane pariNAme brAhmI lipie je (1) ja. ba. beM. . e. se. navI AvRtti (2) a. hi, che. trIjI AvRtti 5. 209pu, 3, pR. 11-jIneranA satrane je "kSaharATa'nA kSaharATane saMbaMdha zaka prajA sAthe che, temaja teonuM 'kATuMbika nAmathI oLakhavAmAM AvyA che te prAkRta AvavuM zakastAna(vartamAna zistAna )mAMthI thavuM che, zabda khareSanuM saMskRta nAma lAge che. E. H. I. Edi. III p. 209:--The kshaJ. B. B. R. A. S. New Ser. vol. III haratas were connected with the Sakas p. 610-Ksharahat the family name by and may bave inmigrated from Sakawhich the Sataraps at Junner are kno- steve the inorden Seistan. wo appears to be a Savskrit form of ( buddhi. pa. pu. 76. julAI aMka, 5. 11, sara the Prakrit word Kharoshtra. jIvaNajI modI kahe che ke-A sAka rAjAonAM keTalAMka

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pariccheda ] nI lipi kaI ? khareSThi vikRta svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM" tenuM nAma paDayuM. temAM jema pahelavI bhASAnI keTalIka khUbIo tarI Ave che tema tenI mAdara-mULa mAhmI 1 zuddha lipi che. 2. saMskRtanI mAphaka DAbA hAthathI lakhAya che. 3. jema zuddha gujarAtIbhASA, keLavAyala ane saskArI puchyA khele che tema A bhASA paNa zikSitavarga mAle che. 4. mULAkSara 'skRtanI mAphaka che. ra. tene svara, kAnane priya ane madhura lAge tevA che. DaoN. khullura nAmanA prakhyAta bhASAzAstrI tethI kharUM ja vade che ke Kharoshthra of. fers a strong identification to Zarathushtra-possessor of yellow camels (Burnonf ). The Chinese translate Kharosthi by *'Ass-lips'=hc analyses the word like this. Zarath and Zar are connected with the sanskrit nAmA IrAnI che; te uparathI mi, vinseTa smitha temane pArthiana dhAre che; jyAre bhAMDArakara temane sithiyana dhAre che.) ( 3 ) IrAnI zabda je " jathAta " che, te uparathI apabhraMrA thaIne khareSTha rAbda paDayA hoya ema dekhAya che. AgaLanI hakIkata sarakhAvavAthI AnI pratIti thaze. ko, AM. re, prastAvanA pR. 104: mULAkSaranu' hiMdI vatana aphga nistAna ane punamanA uttara bhAgamAM hatu. The Indian home of this alpha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 15 bhASA brAhmInI viziSTatA paNa jaLavAi rahelI najare dekhAya che, te nIcenI sarakhAmaNIthI joi zakAze. kharAkhI 1. vikRta svarUpa hovA sAthe brAhmI ane pathvInu mizraNa che. 2. pavInI-pazi ana-kArazInI mAkaka jamaNA hAthathI lakhAya che. 3. jema gAmaDAnA mANasA gujarAtI bhASA kheAlatA chatAM, graMthamAM lakhAtI zuddha gujarAtI tene kahI zakAtI nathI, tema A bhASAnu paNa samajI levu. 4. mULAkSara tevA kharA, paNa vaLAMkamAM ke anya ThekANe kaMIka pheraphAra che. 5. tenA uccAra kAnane barasaTa palAge tevA che. Savarna=gold: in ancient Persia, the Indian Sva was generally changed to Kha as in Sarasvati ( Sanskrit )=Harasvati ( Persian ): Kharoshthi might therefore have been a variant form of the name of zarathushtra=kharAbdI zabda jharayuane dhaNA ja maLatA Ave che. ( baranAkanA mata pramANe bet lay in Afghanistan and in the north Punjab. ( 4 ) uparanI TI, naM. 3 ne prathama bhAga sarakhAve. jaratheAsta te pahuvAjha-IrAnInA payaMgabara sAhebanuM nAma che : pavAjha uparathI pahallI : ane jarathAsta upara arathAsta, kharathAsta, kharAsta, kharajI ema apabhraza thatuM gayuM lAge che, A lipinuM aMga A khUbImAM jaLavAi raheluM samajavuM. ( 5 ) sarakhAvA nIcenI TI, na, 7, ( 6 ) jIe kA, e. i. prastAvanA pR. 8, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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176 khareSThI | [ tRtIya teno artha) pILA UMTane mAlika (thAya che). form of Khshaharata (In the prakrit cinAI bhASAmAM kharechI eTale gardabha-ege of the Nasik inscription : kha=( sathAya che. tenuM pRthakakaraNa te A pramANe nskrit) ksha: compare khathiya=kskare che. jharatha ane jhara zabdane saMbaMdha saMskR- hatriya , n. 8,)=ni:saMdeha vAta che ke, tamAM svarNa (senuM) sAthe che. prAcIna samaye) kSaharATanuM bhASAparatve rUpAMtara thaine khaharATa zabda IrAnamAM, (jyAM ) hiMdamAM rara vaparAya che (tyAM) thayela che [ jue nAsika zilAlekhanuM prAkRta raNa vAparatA, jemake karavata ( saMskRta zabda) (daSTAMta) kha-(saMskRta) kSa tene sarakhA khariya= ne durasvata (IrAnI bhASAmAM ): teTalA mATe kSatriya sAtheH TIpaNa naM. 3 ] sarva kathanane kharechI te Darathustra uparathI apabhraMza thayuM sAra e che ke khareNI tathA kSaharATa-kSaharATane lAge che. tevI ja rIte mi. sana nAmanA bIjA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha che temaja kharI lipine IrAnI vidvAna lakhe che ke Kharoshthi is evident- lipi sAthe paNa saMbaMdha che. ly a foreign alphabet : it seems to ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke kharALI claim in the coin-legends an equally bhASAnI utpatti ja brAhmI lipimAMthI thaI che important place with Brahami, but ane tene samaya i. sa. pU. it falls into gradual disuse (J. R. A. khareSThI nI chaThThI sadIne che, tema tenuM S. 1889, P. 372 ) and after the reign bhASAne sthAna paNa kabajane prAMta of Choshthana it is abandoned alto. vikAsa che. rAjA pulusAkInA maraNa gether=bahAranA dekhAvamAM khoTI te videzI bAda (juo pu. 1, pR. 72) lipi che (paNa) sikkA upara tene (lakhANano) A prAMta upara jyArathI IrAnI zahenazAhanuM rAjya upayoga brAhmI lipinA jeTaluM ja thayuM che; chatAM thayuM hatuM tyArathI A prAMtanI prajA IrAnI prajA kramekame te adazya thatI gaI che (juo ja. re. sAthe, temaja paMjAbanI AryaprajA sAthe, rAjakIya e. se. 1988 pR. 372) ane cakaNanA samaya kAraNane lIdhe temaja vyavahAranA prasaMgane lIdhe pachI te tene taddana lepa ja thaI gayo che. vaLI - ghATA saMparkamAM AvatI hatI te paNa ApaNe te ja vidvAna eka anya ThekANe uccAre che ke joI gayA chIe. vaLI jANI cUkyA chIe ke, Khabarata is no doubt a dialectical A pradezamAM pelA prakhyAta vaiyAkaraNuM pANi --- - - (7) gardabha-eSa : gabhanA hoThamAMthI nIkaLelI vANI : jema gardabha-gadheDuM bhuke che ane tene svara kAnane baraseTa lAge che tema A gardabha-eSa (apabhraMza khaM9) lipine uccArI che, ema kahevAnuM ahIM tAtparya che. sarakhAvo uparanI TIka naM. 5. ( 8 ) A anumAna ane samajUti sAcI che ke nahIM. tenI takarAramAM ApaNe nathI utaravuM. paNa atra kahevAnuM eTaDhuM ja ke, nAmIcA vidvAne game teTaluM tANuM kheMcIne besatuM kare che te vidvattAmAM gaNAya, jyAre koI sAde mANasa te prayAsa kare te tene keTalAya vizeSaNe ane zirapAva maLe. A prakAranI manedazA upara vAcakvarganuM dhyAna kheMcavA rena lauM chuM. ( 9 ) jue ke, A, 2. prastAvanA pR. 104; pArIgrApha 83. ( 10 ) jue ke, A re. prastAvanA pa. 37.

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paricheda ]. bhASAne vikAsa 177 nino janma thayo hato. tenI bhASA paNa kharoSThI hatI ema kahevAyuM che. jyAre magadha samrATa navamA naMde A deza upara caDAI karIne tene jItI lIdhI hatA tyAre tyAMthI aDhaLaka dravya laI javA sAthe te vidyAsaMgI hoI, takSilA vidyApIThamAMthI vidvAnonI eka mitra tripuTI-pANini, cANakya ane vararUci nAmanA traNa mitronIne paNa potAnI sAthe laI gayo hatA. vaLI A vidvAna tripuTInI madadathI teNe takSilAnA dhoraNe nAlaMdA vidyApIThane samRddha banAvI hatI. A saghaLI hakIkata uparathI spaSTa samajI zakAze ke pANaninA graMthamAM kharIdI zabdanuM je mizraNa tathA vaparAza mAlUma paDe che tenuM kAraNa paNa tene janma kharabI bhASA bolatA pradezamAM ja hovAne lIdhe mukhyataH che. A gaMja-kaboja pradeza upara, naMda- vaMza pachI mauvaMzanI sattA AvI hatI, paNa samrATa biMdusAranA amala daramyAna te pradeza baLavo karI keTalAka aMze svataMtra thaI gayo hate; ane pAchaLathI alekajhAMDara dhI greITane AdhIna thaye hato. tenI pachI te deza tenA saradAra ane vArasa selyukasa nikeTaranI sattAmAM gayo hato. teNe potAnI kuMvarI samrATa azokane I. sa. pU. 304 mAM paraNAvatAM, je taha karyo hato tenI rUie je cAra prAMta magadhane havAle teNe karI dIdhA hatA temAM A khareSThI bhASA bolatA prAMta paNa hatA. A pramANe A mulaka magadha dezanI ANamAM be traNa vakhata AvyA ane khasI gayo. chevaTe samrATa priyadarzinanI hakumatamAM AvI paDyo hato. teNe te prAMtanI hadamAM be moTA khaDaka lekha-zAhabAjhanahIM ane aMzerAnA UbhA karAvyA che. te lekhanI bhASA kharekha hevAnuM kahevAya che, tenuM kAraNa paNa have vAcakavargane barAbara samajAze. saMprati uphe priyadarzinanA maraNa bAda pAcho A prAMta svataMtra thaI gaye. kALAMtare bekaTrIana rAjyane bhAga banavA pAmyo. jyAre bekaTrIAno rAjA DimeTrIasa hiMda upara caDAI lAvyo hato tyAre tenI sAthe aneka saradAro AvyA hatA. temAM ( itihAsanI najare) traNa mukhya hatA. te traNe kebejanA ja vatanI hatA. be tenI jAtanA hatA temaja kAMIka dUradUra sagA thatA hatA; temanAM nAma helIkalsa ane minenDara hatAM; jyAre trIjo, asala tyAM ja vatanI ane kSaharATa jAtino bhramaka nAme yuvAna hato. A traNe jaNA rAjA DimeTrIAsane bahu upayonI nivaDyA hatA. temAMne minenDara je ( 11 ) A helIkalsa te bIjo koI nahIM, paNa DimeTrIasa pAsethI bekaDrIAnI gAdI khuMcavI lenAra pelA baLavAkhora ane tenA eka dUranA sagA yukreTAI. Dajhane putra hatA. rAja DimeTrIasanuM maraNa thatAM A helIkalsa potAnA deza pAchA pharatA hatA tyAre rastAmAM ja pitAnA bApane bheTe thatAM tenI nimaka. harAmIne badale ApavA jatAM teNe tene mArI nAMkhyo hato ane pachI pote bekaDrIAno gAdIe beTho hato. (12) A sivAya rAjulula nAmanI vyaktine paNa kadAca sAthe lAvyA hoya ema saMbhavita che, paNa barAbara khAtrI na thavAthI tenuM nAma ahIM dAkhala karyuM nathI; chatAM badhAM sthiti ane saMyego jotAM, te paNa bhUmanI sAthe ja AvyA hoya e banavAjoga che. A rAjIvulane mathurAvALA pradeza upara hakumata calAvavA minenDare pAchaLathI nI ho, 1

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kSatrapAnAM 178 mulakanA hatA te DimeTriasa pAchaLa hiMdanA ravAmI banyA hatA. ane pote rAjA banatAM ja vAdAra ane zuravIra bhUmakane potAnA mukhya sUcyAkSatra17 tarIke madhyadezanI saMbhALa levA mUkI dIdhA hatA; je pada teNe minenDaranA maraNa sudhI sAcavI rAkhyuM hatuM; paNa minenDaranu' maraNa thatAM pote ja te prAMtanA mAlika banI mahAkSatrapa14 pada dhAraNa karI gAdIe kheThA hatA. A uparathI samajAze ke (1) bhramaka hatA bhale ekaTrIana rAjAnA saradAra, chatAM janme te savarATa hatA. keTalAka je tene zaka ane keTalAka pAi ana kahe che te vAta kharAbara nathI; AnI sAbitImAM tenA sikkA upara kharAchI bhASAnA akSarA che (ra) temaja rAjA DimeTrIasanA ane minenDaranA bannenA sikkA upara te khekaTrIansa hovA chatAM, temanA peAtAnI mAdara bhASA uparAMta kharAchI bhASAnA paNu akSare kAtarAvyA hatA. uparamAM joi gayA chIe ke A kSaharATa prajAne kASTa rIte paradezI ke videzI kahI zakAya tema nathI. vaLI A prajAmAMthI temanA kSatrA kAie svataMtrapaNe gAdIpati banIne rAja calAvI prathamathI dRSTAMta besADayA hoya ema paNu nathI; eTale ke ( 13 ) re. ve. va. pu. 1, pR. 13. TI. 397- Chhatrapati or chhatrapa=Lord of the unibrella a title of an ancient king in Jambudvipa (hence a satarap )=chatrapati athavA chatrapa eTale eka chatra nIce rAjya karanAra saradAra : jaMbudvIpamAM prAcIna samaye rAkhatu`. A pramANe birUda ` hatu` ; AvA bhAvAmAM satrapa rAbda nIkaLyA che. chatrapati sa'skRta rAbda che, satra5-pariana, eTale Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ tRtIya te prajAmAMthI je phAi vyakti aitihAsika dRSTie jhaLakI uDI che, te prathamamAM tA anya kAInI hakumata nIce rahIna saradArapaNe ja rahI che; ane pAchaLathI sAgAnusAra gAdI upara birAjavAne bhAgyazALI thaI che. jethI karIne temanAM nAma sAthe rAjA, mahArAjA ke tevI anya kAi gauravavaMtI padavI joDAyalI ApaNe nihALI zakIe tema nathI ja; paNa bahu bahu teA 'kSetrapa' athavA tethI AgaLa vadhIne 'mahAkSatrapa' nAmanA ilkAba jovAnI dhAraNA rAkhI zakAya. vaLI ApaNA eka siddhAMta che ke koi vyakti bhale game tevI parAkramI ke gauravazALI hoya, ke rAjakartAnA jamaNA hAtha samAna hoya are chevaTe bhale rAjAnI jeTalI ja sattA dharAvatI hAya, chatAM jyAMsudhI svataMtrapaNe hakumata calAvavA jeTalI sthitie te paheAMcI na hAya, tyAMsudhI tenu vRttAMta tenA khAsa nAma nIce AlekhI zakAya nahI. eTale AvA padavIdhArI kSatraponA jIvanavRttAMta lakhavAne ApaNane adhikAra paNa na gaNI zakAya; chatAM ahIM temanuM prakaraNa hAtha dharavAnuM kAraNa e che ke teo jyAre hiMdamAM AvyA, tyAre te parAdhIna avasthAmAM mAtra kSatrapa tarIke ja Avela, paNa pAchaLathI temanA bAdazAhanA vaMzavele nAbUda thaI jatAM, je prAMta upara temane phArasI che kA. AM. re. pArA80 mAM lakhela che ke Persian word is kshaprapavan-protector of the land : phArasI zabdakSaprapAvana che jene artha bhUmine pAlaka thAya che. (14) mahAkSatrapa ane kSatrapanA adhikAramAM zuM bheda che. te uparamAM samagnavAI gayu che. ( jIe pR. 171 ) vaLI palavAJa praznanAM vRttAMte AgaLa upara jI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariSacheda ] vRttAMta 179 hakumata calAvavA mUkyA hatA te ja prAMta upara be vyaktio vize haju sudhI joIe teTalo-balka teo svataMtra rAjakartA tarIke birAjIne jhaLakI kahe ke bikula-prakAza paDAyo nathI. are! eTaluM ja uThavyA hatA, nahIM paNa temanA samaya ke sattA vize paNa itihAsa AvA kSatra traNa prAMto upara nImAyA taddana aMdhArAmaya ja che. tema bIjA koI sthAna hatAH eka mathurA (surasena ) ane pAMcAlavALA upara teonI hakIkata jaDavI asthAne gaNAI pradeza upara; bIje jene te samaye madhyadeza jAya tevI bhIti rahe che. ATale khulAse kahevAto hato ane jemAM vartamAnakALane rAja karI temane lagatuM varNana prathama jaNAvI dauM chuM. putAnAne moTo bhAga AvI jAya che te pradeza A banne jaNA mAtra kSatrapeja hatA; upara : ane trIjo paMjAba athavA tazilAnagarI- mahAla 5 nahatA. ema temanA je sikkA mathuvALA pradeza upara. A traNe kSatrapa mULa kSaha- rAvALA pradezamAMthI maLI AvyA che te upa rATa jAtinA ja hatA. ane dhIme dhIme kSatrapamAMthI rathI cokkasa thAya che. AmAM vaLI koNa paheluM mahAkSatrapa banyA hatA. uparanA traNa pradezanI ane kaNa pAchaLa te paNa nakkI karavAnuM rAjakIya agatyatA pramANe goThavaNa karIe te sAdhana ApaNane haju sudhI prApta thayuM nathIH prathama madhyadeza, pachI matharAvALA prAMta ane chatAM A pradezamAM bIjA keTalAka kSatrapa je thaI sauthI chevaTa paMjAbavALo bhAga gaNavo paDaze; gayA che te sarvemAM teo sauthI pahelA thayA ane te anukramamAM ApaNe paNa temanAM vRttAMta heya ema jANI zakAya che. pelA prakhyAta lakhavAnuM yogya dhAryuM che. itihAsakAra mi. vinseTa smitha lakhe che mAtra kSatrapa padavI ja bhogavela hoya tevAnuM ke Rajuvala succeeded the SatarvRttAMta na lakhavuM te niyama karyo che; vaLI aps Hasama and Hegamasha rAjakIya agatyatA dharAvatA (two brothers)=hagAma ane hagAmAza niyamane apavAda- prathama pradeza-madhyadeza-nuM je be bhAIo hatA temanI pachI rAjupula sattA rU5 vyaktio varNana sauthI paheluM karavAnuM upara Avyo che, eTale ke prathama hagAma ane gya TharAvyuM che; chatAM hagAmAza thayA che ane te pachI rAjulula A banne mudA alaga rAkhIne eka tRtyAMga ja mathurA pati thaya che. paNa rAjulula lAgalo ja hakIkata atre prathama kahI devI paDe che. ane te AvyuM che ke benI vacce kAMI aMtara paDayuM hagAma tathA havAmAza nAme vyaktione lagatI che te AmAM spaSTa karAyuM nathI. vaLI ApaNe che. A banne jaNe mAtra kSatrapa ja hovAnuM rAjIvula tema tenI pachInA bIjA badhA kSatrapa jaNAyuM che. tema temano adhikAra kAM to mathurA nAmadhArI sUbAonAM varNana uparathI joI upara ke bahu bahu to takSilAnA prAMta sudhI laMbAye zakIzuM, ke te sarvemAM rAjupula sauthI pahelAM heya ema tAravI zakAya che. chatAM atra temane thaI gayo che. eTale A be bhAIo rAjuprAdhAnya ApavAnuM kAraNa ema thayuM che ke, A vulathI paNa pUrvenA heI jUnAmAM jUnA gaNAya. (15) a. hiM, . trIjI AvRtti pR. rara7. (16) AgaLa ApaNe joIzuM ke rAvala ane zrI. 1, ke. hi, I. pR. 526-7, nahapANa samakAlIna hatA; temAMnA nahapANa vize mi.

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apavAdarUpa [ tRtIya vaLI uparanA ja graMthakAra jaNAve che ke "The arrow and thunderbolt of Nahapan's coins connect him with the Parthiaus (?) and the Northern Sataraps Hagama and Hagamasha.The coinage of Chasbthana and his success.rs is quite different=nahapAnA sikkA upara tIra ane vaja hovAthI tene pArTI anya (?) ane uttara(hiMdanA)nA kSatra hagAma ane gAmAsanI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvate kahI zakAze. caTaNa ane tenA anujonA sikkAo taddana judA ja prakAranA che, A uparathI ema hakIkata nIkaLe che ke nahapANa je jAtane che te ja jAtanA gAma ane havAmAza hatA; kAraNa ke teonA sikkAmAM maLatApaNuM che. vaLI nahapANanA vRttAMte ApaNe sAbita karIzuM ke te kSaharATa (?) jAtane hate. eTale A gAma ane hagA- mAza kSatrapa paNa kSaharATa jAtinA Thare che. jyAre cANanA ane tenA vaMzajonA sikkAo nahapANanA sikkAo karatAM bhinna prakAranA hoi caTaNa ane nahapANa bane judI ja jAtanA che.19 eka vakhata hagAma ane hagAmAzane rAjuvulanI pahelAM thavAnuM jaNAvAyuM che, (juo upara) ane bIjI vakhata nahapANanI pUrve thayAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. (juo uparanI TI. na. 16 ): tema rajuvula ane nahapAne samakAlIna batAvyA che (juo TI. na. 16 ); vaLI teo nahapANanA vaMzamAM kema jANe thayA na hoya te dhvani paNa nIkaLato batAvAya che. eTale A sarve kathananuM samIkaraNa karIzuM te eTale niradhAra jarUra karavo rahe che, ke te bane bhAIo nahapAnI pUrve ja ane tenA ja vaMzamAMkuTuMbamAM-thaI gayA che. tema AgaLa upara ApaNe joIzuM ke napANanI turata pahelAM to mahAkSatrapa bhUmaka ja thayo che. eTale sAra e thaye ke, sauthI prathama haMgAma-gAmAza, pachI bhUma ane te bAda nahapANa thayo che. have savAla e rahyo che ke hagAmanI pachI turata ja bhUmaka che ke benI vacce vaLI samayanuM kAMI aMtara che. hagAma ane hagAmAzane samaya bhUmakanI pahelAM hatuM tathA te banne kSaharATa jAtinA hatA eTaluM jANyA pachI temane temane saMbhavita pAka ke aMdAjI samaya samaya. meLavI zakIe chIe ke kema te have tapAsIe. te saMbaMdhI vicAra karavAnuM bIjuM te koI vizeSa sAdhana nathI ja, paNa ApaNane have eTalI to khabara che ja ke, je kaI kSatrapa heya te tenA zire-uparI sattA tarIke--kAI thomasa pite racela keTaloga eka keInsa ina iDiyana myujhIama pu. 1, pR. 195 upara jaNAve che keHagania and Haganash seem to be dated too earlyhagAma ane hagAmAza dhaNuM vahelA thaI gayA lage che. A vAkayathI paNa sAbita thAya che ke nahapANa ane rAjapulanI pUrve hagAma tathA hagAmAza thayA che. vaLI jue a. hi. che. trIjI AvRtti pR. 28, TI. naM. 1, (17) a. hi. I. trIjI AvRtti. pU. ra7. (18) je ke vinseTa sAhebanuM maMtavya nahapAm pArthiana jatine hevAnuM che; paga te tema nathI te ApaNe nahapANanA jIvanacaritre sAbita karIzuM; tethI ja meM ahIM (2) ciha vacce mUkyuM che. (19) A muddo ApaNe pAcho AgaLa upara chagu paDaze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] anya rAjA haiAvA joie ja. ane ema paNa jANIe chIe ke, tevA rAjA je hAya te, kAM te peAtAnA dezamAM rahIne rAjya calAvatA hoya athavA te| ahI hiMdamAM rahetA hoya te rAjAnA ati vistArane lIdhe judA judA prAMtA upara peAtAnA pratinidhi tarIke AvA bhA!- kSatrapA -nImIne rAjya calAvatA hoya. A khe rItamAMthI eka rIte te rAjya hakumata calAvatA dhArI zakAya; vaLI jyAre kSatrapa zabdanA hoddo batAvAyA che tyAre siddha thAya che ke hugAma athavA haMgAmAzane rAjA mAM pazcimana hoya ke kAM ekaTrIana ja hoya.20 jyAre ApaNe atihAmika purAvAthI jANI zakayA chIe216 pazi ana athavA pArthi anamAM DerIasathI mAMDIne mithre DeTasa trIjA sudhI huM 4. sa pU. 48 6 thI i. sa. pU. 88 sudhI) kAI zahenazAhe hiMdanA kAI paNa bhAga upara hakumata bhAgavI ja nathI. eTale pachI rahyA mAtra ekaTrIansa. te uparathI siddha thayuM ke A kSatrA kAi khekaTrI ana rAjakartAonA saradArA hatA. have A ekaTrIana pati kANu hoi zake te niNaeNya thai jAya te hagAma-gAmAzanA samayanA aMdAja bAMdhI zakAya. atyAra sudhIne je itihAsa mekaTrIansA ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe, te uparathI spaSTa kahI zakIe chIe, ke tevA mAtra traNa ja rAjAe thayA che ke jemaNe hiMda upara thoDeghaNe aMze paNa svA ( 20 ) jIe upara pR. 164 i. A samaye kSatrapa| traNa praznamAM hatA: pazi'ansa, bekaTrIansa ane kSaharA:temAMpaNa kSaharATa prazna koI divasa svata'trarIte mULa gAdI upara Avela na hAvAthI temane rAjA na ja heAI zake; ane rAjA na hoya eTale pachI kSatrapa te kramAMthIja hAya, eTalu' hajI banI zake ke A prajAnI aMkti Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat vyaktio mitva 'meLavyuM hoya. temanAM nAma yuthIDImasa, DimeTrIasa ane minenDara che. temAMye yuthIDImasa vize te| eTale sudhI jaNAvAyu che ke, teNe bhale hiMdamAM praveza karyAM hatA, paNa luMTa meLavIne te pAchA cAyeA jatA hatA. teTalA mATe tenI gaNanA hiMdI rAjA tarIke thaI ja nathI. eTale tene bAda karatAM bAkI rahyA che ja: temAMthI dezanA samaye te kSatrA hAI zake te have vicArIe. 181 A kSatrapAnI nImaNuka mathurAnA pradeza upara hatI eTaluM teA cokkasa che ja. eTale DimeTrIasa ane minenDara, te emAMthI konI sattA tyAM thaI hatI ane kayArathI kayA samaya samaya sudhI hatI; te zodhI kADhIe te ApaNA praznanA Ukela AvI gayA gaNAze. DimeTrIasanuM varNana karatAM ApaNe ema kahI gayA chIe, ( jue pR. 151 ) ke teNe satalaja nadInA kAMThAthI pUrvamAM bhAgyeja mulaka jItI lIdhA hatA; jyAre mathurA pradeza tA satalajanI pU dizAmAM che, eTale ahezAnIthI kahI zakAze ke tenA samayamAM A kSatrapeA nImAyA na ja hovA joie. pachI te nirvivAtipaNe kahI zakAya ke te, minenDara bAdazAhanA ja kSetro hatA. have minenDarano samaya ApaNe i pU. 182 thI 159 sudhI harAvyA che. eTale A be bhAione paNa kSatrA tarIke teNe A trevIsa varSanA gALAmAM O nImelA haiAvA joie. vaLA upara jaNAvI gayA chIe ke ( jue pR. 179 ) A pete, koI rAjAnA kSatrapa tarIke AvI zake; ane te te ApaNe jaNAvI paNa cukayA chIe ke A hagAma-hagAmAza te kSaharATa natinA kSatrA hatA. ( 21 ) jIe dvitIya paricchedamAM cADelu vaMzAvaLInuM patraka www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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182 apavAdarUpa [ tRtIya kSatraponI pachI rAjuGala thayo che. eTale ke prathama kRSNabhakta tarIke pitAne darzAvI, kAzIputra bhAganI A kSatrapa che ane te bAda rAjulula thayo che; rAjadhAnI besanagaramAM eka pASANa stUpa Ubho jyAre rAjululanA samayanI Adi ApaNe I. karAvyuM hatuM. Ama karavAne zuM hetu che sa. pU. 156 thI TharAvI che (juo AgaLa joIe te saMbaMdhI kAMI ja anumAna te samaye upara tenuM vRttAMta) eTale A badhAne sArI ApaNe bAMdhI zakavAne samartha nahotA; paNa e thaze ke, hagAma ane hamImAzane samaya have eka kalpanA jarUra karI zakAya che, ke i. bAdazAha minenDaranA AkhA rAjyakALa sa. pU. 159 nA mathurAnA pradeza taraphanA yuddhamAM daramyAna=I. sa. pU. 182 thI 159 sudhI rAjA bhAga-bhAgavate, pati minenDaranuM temaja gaNo rahe che. A pramANe bannene samaya te vakhatanA mathurAnA kSetra hagAma ane eka ja sarakhe gaNo rahe te eka AzcaryarUpa hAmAsanA bharaNu nIpajAvyAM hovA joIe. banAva kahevAya, temAM ya haju eTaluM te banavA- je uparathI tazilAnA kSatrape (eMTIAlasIjoga mAnI levAya che, teNe (minenDare) gAdIe dAsa te minenDara taraphathI paMjAbane kSatrapa ja ho AvIne turataja prAMtika kSatrapa nImavAnI rAja- joIe) bIkanA mAryA pitAne pratinidhi nIti dhAraNa karI hoya ke jethI dareka prAMta vidizAe mokalI upara pramANe namatuM ApyuM upara eka ja sAlamAM tevI tevI nimaNuMko haze; paNa te bAda ekAda be varSamAM ja pAchI karyAnuM lekhAya; paNa pitAnuM maraNa thatAM ane bAjI palaTAI gaI hatI; kemake mathurAmAM te rAja khatama thatAM ja te kSetranuM paNa khatama rAjuvula mahAkSatrapanI sattAnI jamAvaTa thaI thAya evuM kema bane ? eka ja khulAso karI che. eTale anumAna karavuM rahe che ke, pitAnA zakAya tema che ke, je rAjA minenDaranuM mRtyu saradAronAM maraNa thavAthI gusse thaine rAjululanI akasmAtika saMjogomAM thayuM hoya to te ja saradArI nIce na ane kSaharAe ekatrita akasmAtamAM A tenA kSatrapa paNa khapI javA banIne eka vAra pharIne zuMgavaMzI samrATa bhAga joIe. jyAre minenDaranuM vRttAMta lakhatAM ema sAthe yuddha kheluM hovuM joIe; jemAM rAjA kahI javAyuM che ke, zuMgavaMzI rAjA bhAganI bhAgane parAjaya thatAM, mathurA ane pAMcAlane sAthenA yuddha samaye tenuM maraNa nIpajyuM hatuM pradeza pAcho paradezI prajAnA hAthamAM jaI paDyo; kharuM; paNa te laDatAM laDatAM nahIM, paraMtu tenI ane tenA upara rAjuqle mahAkSatrapa tarIke pitAnI chAvaNImAM koI prasarelA roganI pitAnI ANa pravartAvI dIdhI. A banAva bImArImAM sapaDAI javAthI thayuM haze ema i. sa. pu. 156 mAM banyAnuM ApaNe noMdhI jaNAvAyuM che. vaLI rAjA bhAganA varNanamAM zakIe kharA. jyAre gAma ane hagAmAsa, bIjI eka bInA ema jaNAvI che ke, philAne banne bhAIone saMyuktara vahivaTa hovAthI bekaTrIana saradAra eNTIAlasIdAsa taraphathI temane samaya I. sa. pU. 182 thI 159 sudhI eka pratinidhi nAme helIoDerase AvIne 23 varSa TharAvI zakAze. A pramANe mAruM (22) ke, hi. che, 5. 12 -Hasama and Hagamasha ruling conjointly,

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183 paricacheda ] vyaktio anumAna je thayuM che te meM vizeSa saMzodhana eka ja sthaLe vadhArenI saMkhyAmAM jamA thatA nathI. mATe rajU karyuM che. tethI be ke vadhAre senyapati ekI sAthe kapAI hagAma ane hagAmAsa te banne chUTaka nAma muAnI hakIkata itihAsamAM gAtI jaDavAnI jevAM dekhAtAM hovAthI te banne judI ja ba- nathI A badhI vastusthitithI ema mAnavuM ktio hovAnuM mAnI levAyuM che, temaja te paDe che ke, hagAma-gAmA nAmanI be vyakita banne bhAIo ja hatA evo koI purAvo ke AdhAra nahIM hoya, paNa eka ja vyaktinA te be nAma maLyo hoya tevuM vAMcavAmAM AvatuM nathI, vaLI haze athavA te tevaDuM moTuM ja nAma eka keTalAka saMjogo paNa nA pADe che ke, tema na ja vyaktinuM haze. hovuM joIe, kemake jo chUTaka vyaktio hoya to ATaluM varNana karIne have ApaNe nizcita ema ravIkAravuM ja raheze ke, te bane eka karelI ApaNI mULa yojanA pramANe je kSaharATa ja samaye vahIvaTa karatA hatA; jethI eka kSatrapo, mahAkSatrapa banI rAjagAdIe abhiSikta bIjAnA madadanIza tarIke hatA. prathama to e thayA hatA, tevA traNe pradezavALAnuM (madhyadeza, sthiti ja asaMbhavita che. zuM be jaNAne eka ja prAMta mathurA ane takSilAnA ) eka pachI eka anuupara kSatrapane hoddo ApIne nImavAmAM Ave kamavAra vRttAMta lakhavAno prayatna karIzuM. prathama ke? vaLI jyAre temane ullekha karAya che tyAre temane madhyadezanA kSatraponAM vRttAMta lakhIzuM. kSatrapa nathI lakhavAmAM AvatA, paNa ekavacananuM (1) madhyadeza kSatrapanuM-nAma ja temanI sAthe lakhAya che; chatAM eka (1) bhUmaka bAragI mAno ke te baMne bhinna vyaktio ja hatI je kSatraponAM nAmo thoDAMghaNAM ApaNe te zuM bannenuM maraNa paNa eka ja samaye thayuM vAraMvAra itihAsamAM vAMcIe chIe temAM be ke hatuM? ke jethI bannenI kArakirdIne eka kALe ja traNa nAmo sauthI vizeSa dhyAna aMta AvI gayo; kemake AgaLa pAchaLa maraNa tenI jAta khece che. nahapANa, rUSabhadatta thayuM hoya te, ekanA hoddA upara bIje cAlu ja tathA bIjI ane bhUmaka; paNa A badhAno rahevo joIto hato, paNa tevuM kAMI mAnavAne oLakha samaya karyo hato tathA eka saMjoge hA pADatA nathI. dhAro ke bannenAM bIjAne zo saMbaMdha hato te maraNa laDAImAM caDavAthI-jema ApaNe jaNAvI nizcitapaNe hajI sudhI zedhAyuM lAgatuM nathI. gayA chIe tema-thayAM hatAM ane laDAI evI temanAM parAkrame ke jIvananI bIjI koI tavAsthiti che ke, tevAM be to zuM, paNa hajAra rIpamAM utaravA agAu, prathama to ApaNe teo mANaso ekI sAthe marI jAya che. paNa temAM eka kaI jAtanA hatA ane temane kAMi sagapaNa vAta yAda rAkhavAnI ke, A be vyaktio kAMI saMbaMdha hatuM ke kema te nakkI karIzuM; ane te sA sinika nahotA ja. te saradAra-sainya- bAda temanA samayanI vicAraNA karIzuM. pati devA joIe ane sainyapati kadApi paNa " mi. resana lakhe che ke23 The earliest prastAvanA pR. 37-It is the name of the (23) ke, A, 2. pArigrApha 87. teja pustaka Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- -- -- - - bhUmakanI | [ tRtIya known member of the kshaharnta sUbAo-je jANItA 25 thayA che temAM te family, whose name appears on sauthI prathama che; (6) ane nAzikanA zilAcoins only is Bhumak: This san. lekhamAM rUSabhadatta ane dakSamitrAe svayaM bhUmanuM skritised form of what is probably nAma lakhyuM che. A sarve bAbatano vicAra a Persian name, appears in the karatAM ApaNe nIcene sAra temAMthI upajAvI Brabumi coin legends and in the zakIe chIeH (1) bhUmaka kSaharATa jAtine Nasik inscription of Rushabbadutta saradAra hato. (2) kSaharATa bhASAmAM tenuM and Daksbamitra, the name of Bhu- nAma game te lakhAyuM haze, paNa te bhASA kAMIka mak is mentioned=kSaharATa pheTu banA je paphUlavI-IrAnI bhASAne maLatI Ave che ane sabhyanuM nAma sauthI prathama jANavAmAM AvyuM saMskRtamAM tenuM nAma bhUmaka hoI zake che. (3) tenI che, tathA jenuM nAma mAtra sikkA uparaja najare bhASAnI lipi ane brAhmI lipi bane lagabhaga paDe che te vyakita bhUmaka che; rUSabhadatta ane dakSa eka ja hatI. tene bhAvArtha kadAca saheja sAja mitrAnA (kotarAvela) nAzikanA zilAlekhamAM judo paDI jato dekhAya che kharo. [ A mATe temaja sikkA uparane brAhmI lipinA akSaromAM pR. 175 upara brAhmI ane kharIdI bhASAnI bhUmakanuM nAma ApeluM che, te vizeSapaNe kaI ApaNe karelI sarakhAmaNI tapAsI juo.] (4) IrAnI karatAM sAMskRta bhASAnuM nAma dekhAya che." jeTalA kSaharATa jAtinA sUbAo itihAsamAM A lakhANa uparathI A pramANe hakIkata nIkaLe seMdhAyA che te sarvemAM jUnAmAM jUne bhUmaka che cheH (1) bhUmaka laharATa jAtinA 24 che. (2) (5) ane rUpabhadatta tathA dakSamitrA te banne tenuM nAma IrAnI athavA pahalavI karatAM saMskRta jaNa bhUmakane nikaTanA keIka khAsa sagAM hoya bhASAne vadhAre maLatuM Ave che. (3) sikkA ema jaNAya che. tema na hoya to teo potAnI uparanA akSaro brAhmI lipinA che. (4) bhUma- meLe svecchAthI potAnA dAnapatramAM tenuM nAma kanuM nAma mAtra sikkAmAMthI ja mAlUma paDayuM zA mATe lakhAve ? vaLI ApaNe jANIe chIe che; koI zilAlekha ke tevA anya sAdhanathI te ke A rUpabhadatta ane dakSamitrA pati-patnI nAma jaNAyuM nathI. (5) sarve karATa kSatrapa thatAM hatAM ane teo nahapaNa kSaharATanA family to which Bhumaka and Naha- karIzuM ke rAjupurA ane bhUmaka bane samakAlIna hatA eTale pana belonged. : tAtparya e thaze ke, bhUmakanI pahelAM hagAma ane hagA(24) uparanI TI. na. 23 mAM kSaharATane eka mAsa thayA hatA ema noMdhI zakAya; chatAM ahIM kuTuMbanI upamA ApI che, paNa ApaNe pR. 174 bhUmakane ja prathama naMbara arpaNa karAyo che tenuM kAraNa upara sAbita karI gayA chIe ke te eka jAtivizeSa ema samajavuM ke, hagAma ane hagAmAsanI jatinI ke nAma che ane tethI meM ahIM " kSaharATa tizabda rAmayanI bhALa haju sudhI zodhI kaDhAI nathI, mATe lakhyo che. earliest known member=jaNAyelA sabhyomAM (25) uparamAM ApaNe hagAma ane hagAmAsane sauthI pahelo, evA zabda vAparavAmAM AvyA che. paNa kSaharATa jAtinA kahyA che eTaluM ja nahIM paNa (26) Amano adhikAra AgaLa kSaharATa naharAjululanI AgaLanA kahyA che. vaLI AgaLa sAbita pANane jIvanacaritra lakhavAmAM Avaze tyAM jAo. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] oLakha vigere 185 anukrame jamAI ane putrI thatAM hatAM. A (2) bhUmakanA sikkAnI je savaLI bAjU che te uparathI vaLI ema paNa siddha thaI jAya che ke nahapANanI avaLI bAju che. (3) bhUmaka bhUmaka ane nahapANa paNa eka bIjAnA khAsa prathama thayo che ane nahapANa tenI pAchaLa thaye nikaTanA saMbaMdhI thatA levA joIe. che. (4) te benI vacce kAMI sagapaNa hatuM ke vaLI te ja vidvAna mi. repsana AgaLa kema te jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. tema te saMbaMdhI jatAM bhUmakanA sikkAnuM vivecana karatAM jaNAve kAMI purAvo maLI AvatA nathI. upara pramANenI PV: _" Their types are Arrow- A cAra tAravaNImAMthI prathamanI traNa te Discus and Thunderbolt, lion-capital. spaSTa ja che eTale tene te siddha thayelI bInA The obverse type of Bhumak is tarIke ja svIkArI laIe. bAkI cothI bAbatane continued by Nabapana as the reverse javAba meLavavA mATe vicAra kara rahe che. type... Considerations of the type and upara pR. 184 mAMnI dalIla pAMcamImAM fabric of the Coins and the nature joI gayA chIe ke bhUmaka ane nahapANa bane of the coin-legends leave no room eka bIjAnA khAsa saMbaMdhamAM hatA ja. vaLI for doubting that Bhumak pre uparamAM darzAvelI hakIkatane tathA bIjI tAraceeded Nahapan; but there is no vaNIne ukela, sikakAnA abhyAsathI karIzuM te evidence to show relationship be. kahI zakAya tema che ke, koI vyaktinA sikkAnI tween themetenI (bhUmakanA sikkAnI) savaLI bAju je bIjI vyaktinA sikkAnI oLakhamAM, tIra, vaja ane gadA tathA upara avaLI bAju hoya te, savaLI bAjuvALI siMhAkRti che. bhUmakanA sikkAnI je savaLI vyakti prathama thaI gaNAya ane avaLI bAju bAjU che te nahapAse avaLI tarIke cAlu rAkhI vALI vyakti tenI pAchaLa thaI gaNAya. che. .. sikkAnI kaTi tathA bhAtane temaja tenA eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa turata ja pAchaLa thayelI upara lakhela zabdonA arthane vicAra karatAM hatI ema paNa kahI zakAya; eTale ATaluM have nahapAnI pahelAM bhUmaka thaye che temAM zaMkA siddha thayela mAnI levuM rahe che ke, prathama bhUmaka rAkhavAne jarA paNa avakAza raheto nathI; paNa thayo, tenI pAchaLa turata ja nahapANu thayo ane te be vacce zuM sagapaNa hatuM te darzAvavA mATe nahapAnA samakAlInapaNue tene jamAI kAMI ja pramANa dekhAtuM nathI." ATalA lakhANa rUSabhadatta thayo hate. ATalI sthiti prApta thayA uparathI eTaluM jaNAyuM kahevAya ke, (1) bhUmaka pachI bhUmaka ane nahapANa vaccenA sagapaNaane nahapANanA sikakA eka ja keTInA che. saMbaMdhavALI cothI dalIlane uttara jaladI (ra7) ke, A, 2. pArigrApha 87. te prazna atra vicAro rahetuM nathI. (28) athavA savaLI bAjUmAMnI vyakti ucca [jema jUmaka mahAkSatrapa hato tema nahapANu padAdhikArI paNa hoya, paraMtu bhUmaka ane nahapANamAM paNa mahAkSatrapa thayuM che, eTale ke baMnenA 56 samaucca-nIca pade koI hevAnuM jaNAyuM nathI eTale darajajanA hatA. ] Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- - 186 bhUmakane [ svatIya - - -- -- - -- - -- meLavI zakAya tema dekhAya che, kemake eka bAju ApaNe ema joI gayA chIe ke, bhUmaka, nahapANa ane rUbhadata ghaNA nikaTanA sagAM thatAM hatAM. bIjI bAju ema paNa jANI cUkyA chIe ke, bhUmaka pachI turata ja nahapANa gAdIe beThe che. trIjI bAju ema paNa kahevAI gayuM ke bhUmaka ane nahapANa eka ja kSaharATa jAtinA hatA. tema cothI bAju nahapANanI dIkarI dakSamitrA ane jamAI rUSabhadatte pitAnA dAnapatramAM svaphuraNAthI bhUmakanuM nAma chetarAvela che. eTale te sarve ati nikaTanA ane paraspara sagapaNa gAMThathI yukta hatA ema batAvI ApyuM che. vaLI e sthiti vize tyAre ja saMbhavita che ke jayAre dIkarI ane jamAInAM nAma eka vyakti sAthe joDAyela che temaja te vyaktinuM nAma te bannenA sAmAnya saMbaMdhInuM ja heya: A viSayanuM sAmAjika-vyavahArU jJAna ema kahe che ke, te sAmAnya saMbaMdha putrInA mAvatara pakSane ja heya. eTale ema sAbita thaI gayuM kahevAya ke nahapANa jema dakSamitrAnA pitRpakSe che tema bhUmaka paNa teNInA pitRpakSane ja sabhya ho joIe. tema A uparAMta eka nirALA siddhAMta e paNa jANavAmAM che ke, bApa jyAre mahAkSatrapa hoya che tyAre teno putra je yuvarAja heya che te kSatrapa paNa rAjakAryamAM bhAga lya che, ane pitAnA maraNa bAda te yuvarAja pote ja mahAkSatrapanuM pada dhAraNa karI gAdIpati bane che. (A niyama mATe uparamAM pR. 171 nI hakIkata juo) A bhUmakanA samaya pachI doDheka sadIe kSatrapa caNane vaMza je zarU thayo hato ane lagabhaga aDhIso varasa sudhI je cAlyo hato temAM ja kevaLa Avo niyama sacavAI rahela tarI Ave che ema nathI, paNa A bhUmakanA ja samakAlIna paNe thayela rAjupula ane tenA putra soDAsanA saMbaMdhamAM paNa tema ja banyuM che. matalaba ke, pitAputranA saMbaMdhamAM A pramANe ja hamezAM vartAva bane che ane te ja pramANe banatA AvyAnA aneka purAvAo che; te pachI bhUmikA ane nahapANanA sagapaNa saMbaMdhamAM upara pramANe varNavelI traNa sthiti sAthe A mudo, temaja rUbhadatta, dakSamitrA ane nahapAnA nikaTa saMbaMdhavALo mudo paNa umeravAmAM Ave to eka ja sAra upara AvavuM paDaze ke, bhUmaka te pitA thAya ane nahapANa te putra ja thAya. bhUmakane ane nahapANane pitA putra tarIke saMbaMdha nakkI karyA pachI tene samaya have ApaNe temanA samaya vize vicAra karIe. bhUmakanA sikkA te ghaNAye che paNa temAMnA eke upara sAla nAMkhelI jaNAtI nathI. tema tene kaI zilAlekha tArIkha sAthene jaNAya nathI.29 tema bIjI bAju nahapANanA sikkAmAM paNa sAla lakhelI najare paDatI nathI. jo ke teNe ketarAvela zilAlekhamAM sAla nedhelI haju jaNAya che kharI; AthI karIne ApaNo mArga ghaNo mokaLa-sutara thaI jAya che. mi. repsana te saMbaMdhamAM lakhatAM jaNAve che ke, 20 "No dated coins but dates iu inscriptions are 41, 43 & 46=(tenA) koI sikkAmAM sAla nathI ja, paNa zilAlekhamAM 41, (29) ke. A. 2. mR. 13-No dated coins or inscriptions kuovu=21647141 Bus 5NuM sikkA ke zilAlekha jaNyA nathI. (30) uparanuM ja pustaka pR. 15.

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pariccheda ] 45 ane 46 nI sAla maLI AvI che. temaja anya ThekANe te ja puratakamAM te vidvAna mahAzaye jaNAvyu che ku31 " The last recorded date of Nahapana is Saka 46=nahuSANanI meADAmAM meADI je sAla noMdhAi che te 46 nI che. ' aMte te ja pustakamAM prastAvanA pR. 49 upara na. 35 nA nAsikanA lekhanuM vivecana karatAM lakhe che ke "Ayama of Vatsa gotra, minister of [ Raja ] Mahakhshatrap Swami Nahapana= [ rAjA ] mahAkSatrapa svAmI nahapANane vasa gAtrI pradhAna ayama A traNe vAgye jo ekaThA karIne teneA sAra gAvIzuM' teA eka ja niNaeNya upara AvavuM paDaze ke nahapANa pote 45 nI sAla sudhI kSatrapa dharAvatA hatA ane 46 nI sAthe tA mahAkSatrapa svAmI nahapANu " dhAraka banyA hatA. 23 pada nAmanI eTale ke 45 nI samaya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat H gujA padavI sAla sudhI te kSatrapa ane 46 mI sAthe mahAkSatrapa thayA che. have A 45 ane 46 nA AMka je che, te koi saMvatanA AMka che ke, bhUmakanI peAtAnI umarasUcaka AMka che ke, teTalA va bhUmanuM rAjya cAlyuM heAya te daka che; A pramANe aneka prazno UbhA thAya che. ahIM' ApaNuM ItihAsanuM jJAna ApaNane madadagAra thai paDe che. AgaLa minensaranu vRttAMta lakhatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke tenA sUbA bhramakane ane zugapati adraka urphe khaLamitrane laDAi thaI hatI. temAM laDatAM laDatAM rAjA adrakanA mastakamAM masthaLe bANu vAgavAthI tenu' mRtyu nIpajyuM' hatuM. A banAva i. sa. pU. 15=1. sa'. 368 mAM banyAnu ApaNe noMdhyu che. matalaba e thaI ( 31 ) uparanA pustakanI prastAvanA pR. 26 187 ke zu'gapati sAthenI laDAimAM bhUmakane i. sa. pU. 159 mAM vijaya prApta thayA hatA ane zu'gapatinuM' maraNa thayuM hatuM. tema khIjI bAjunAeTale uttara hiMdanA-yuddhamAM zu'gapati bhAnumitra sAthe laDatAM, cenapati minenDaranu' maraNu nIpajyuM' hatuM; ane te bAda vaLI te prajAnA rAjyanA aMta AvI gayA che ema jaNAvAyu che. eTale saMbha vita che ke, potAnA svAmI ane bAdazAha minenDaranu` maraNu nIpajyA bAda bhramaka pote potAnA prAMta upara svataMtra rAjyAdhikArI banyA hoya. jyAre khIjI bAju nahupAhunA rAjyatva pAmavA bAbatane vicAra karIzuM' tA jaNAze ke (ju pR 117upara) te pote zuMgavaMzanA chellA rAjAne mArIne ma. sa. 413=4. sa. pU. 114 mAM atipati banyA che. eTale have ApaNane khe sAkSanA AMka evA maLyA che ke je sAthe bhUmakanA jIvanane sabaMdha hAya ! eka i. sa. pU. 159-8 ke jyAre tene yuddhamAM vijaya prApta thayeA hateA ane bIjo i. sa. pU. 114 ke jyAre bhramakatA putra nahapANu atipati banyA hatA. tema nahapANunA amAtya amaye kotarAvela zilAlekha uparathI ApaNe ema sAra ( ju sAme kolama ) kADhayA hatA ke, teNe 45 nI sAla sudhI kSatrapapada bhAgavyuM che ane 46 mA varSe mahAkSatrapa-rAjA svAmInuM pada dhAraNa kayu` che. have jo 159 mAMthI 114 bAda karIe te kharAkhara 45 AvI rahe che; eTale AkhAye praznanA Ape|Apa nIkAla AvI jAya che ke( 1 ) bhUmake pote i. sa. pU. 1589 mAM peAtAnA prAMta upara rAjya calAvavA mAMDayu che. (2) tenuM rAjya 45 varSA sudhI cADhyu che ane aMte I. sa. pU. 114 mAM tenuM maraNu nIpajyuM che. pArIgrApha 33. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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E kSaharATa saMvata [ tRtIya (3) te sarva pIstALIsa varSanA samaya payaMta naha- besIne jevo rAjyane vistAra vadhArI devA pANa kSatrapapade (yuvarAjapade) rahyo che (4) mAMDyo ke tevA chatAyelA pradeza upara kSatra pachI 46 mA varSe nahapANu mahAkSatrapa banyo che nImavAnI AvazyakatA dekhAvA lAgI hatI. eTale ane (5) turata ja avaMti upara caDAI laI mAnavuM rahe che ke, I sa. pU. 18! bAda turajaI, te samayanA avaMtipati chellA zuMgavaMzI tamAM ja ke be traNa varasamAM AvA kSetranI samrATane mArIne pote avaMtinI gAdIe be nimaNuka karI dIdhI hatI, teTalA mATe kSatrapa che; ane tyArathI potAnA mahAkSatrapa ' nAmanA tarIkene bhUmakane samaya ApaNe i. sa. pU. 180 birUda sAthe teNe hiMdI bhASAnuM "rAjA" evuM pada thI 158 sudhInA 22 varSane gaNAvI zakIe; paNa joDavA mAMDayuM che. AkhI carcAne niSka paNa kSatrapa tarIke sarvasattAdhIza te na gaNAya e thayo kahevAya ke, bhUmakano rAjavakALa I. sa. mATe teTalo kALa ApaNe tenA rAjakALanA pU, 159 thI 114-45 varSane che. aMza tarIke lekhAvI zakIe nahIM. ahIM ApaNe tene samaya je I. sa. | have jyAre ema sAbita thaI cukayuM che 159 thI 114=45 varSane jaNAvyuM che, te ke, bhUmakanuM rAjya ja 45 varSa cAlyuM che, ane te pote svataMtra thayo eTale ke mahAkSatrapa jyArathI te bAda nahapANa mahAkSatrapa thaze tyArathI ja gaNAvyA che, jyAre teNe te kSatrapa kSaharATa saMvata thayo che tyAre je AMka 45 tarIke paNa rAjya karyuM che temaja heddedAra ne nahapANanA zilAlekhamAM tarIke sikkA paNa paDAvyA che eTale te samaya paNa tenA amAtya amaye karAvyuM che te AMka je tenI rAjakartAnI jiMdagI tarIke gaNavo bhUmakanA rAjyano AraMbhasUcaka ja che. vaLI ema heya te teTale kALI temAM umeravo rahe che te paNa sAbita thayuM ke, nahapANe ke rUSabhadatte jyAM vize UMDANamAM utarIzuM to jaNAze ke, te jyAM AvI AMka saMkhyAno nirdeza karyo che hiMdamAM bhale DimeTIasanI sAthe ja Avyo hato tyAM tyAM te savene bhUmakanA rAjyanI Adi chatAM DimeTrIasa rAjya vistAra evaDe moTo sAlathI mAMDIne teTalAM varSa pasAra thayAnA nahotuM ke, tenA judA prAMta pADI, tevA purAvArUpa tene gaNa rahe che, temaja te dareka upara kSatrapa nImI rAjakArebAra calAvavAnI sarve jaNa kSaharATa prajAnA sabhya hevAthI jarUra UbhI thavA pAme. je tema thayuM che te, ApaNe te AMkane "kSaharATa saMvata" nA sauthI prathama kSatrapa nimAvAno hakaka minensarane hate. nAmathI oLakhAvatA rahIzuM te temAM kAMI paNa jyAre minenDarane ja koI evI mAnanIya ayukta kahevAze nahIM. A uparathI jaNAze ke, padavI upara niyukta karyo nathI dekhAto, tyAre ApaNe eka navA aitihAsika saMvatasaranI "mane patto ja kayAMthI lAge ? matalaba ke, zodha ane utpatti meLavI kADhI che ke jenI Adi DimeTrIasanA amala samaye bhUmakanI sthiti Isa. pU. 158 mAM thayelI neMdhI zakAI che. rAjakAraNamAM nahatI ja; paNa minenDare gAdIe have khAtrIthI kahI zakAya che ke, bhUmakanuM (32) kSaharATa saMvatanI AdinI sAla kahevAya kSaharATa saMvata 0 = I. sa. 1. 159. tyAMthI te zakanI zarUAta thaI gaNAze eTale ke, - w 1 = I. sa. 1, 158,

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pariccheda ] rAjya che. sa. pU. 159 thI 114=45 varSa ja cAlyu' che. eTale teNe 45 varasa te mahAkSatrapa tarIke rAjya calAvyuM hatuM ane te pUrve minenDara bAdazAhanA kSatrapa tarIke mahA javAbadArIpUrNa hAddA upara te bhUmanu AyuSya bhUmakA janma kSatrapa mahAkSatrapa "" .. saranI utpatti ma. sa. 314 = i. ma. sa'. 345 = i. ma. sa. 368 = i. ma. sa'. 413 = i. te ,, bharaNu ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe ke minenDara bAdazAhanA prathama kSatrapa hatA ane bAdazAhanA maraNa pachI mahAtenA zajya kSatrapa pada dhAraNa karI, vistAra peAtAnA prAMta upara ja rAja calAvavA ma`DI paDayA hatA. eTale pAte game tevA mahAparAkramI hoya ane game teTalI maheATI chatA meLavavA pAmyA hAya, paNa jyAMsudhI te tAbedArI dazAmAM-eTale ke kSatrapa daro hatA tyAMsudhInI sarve chatA tenA nAme caDAvavAne badale tenA zirAmaNI minenDarane nAme ja nAMdhavI rahe che. bAkI nyAyane khAtara eTaluM jarUra kahI zakAya ke amuka prAMtA chatI ApavAmAM tenA hAtha hatA. A pramANe je mulakA teNe potAnA svAmI ( 33 ) jyAre DimeTrIasanI sAthe te hiMdamAM I. sa. 1. 192mAM Avyo tyAre tenI umara 21 varSanI eTale ke bhara yuvAnImAM hatA ema A uparathI kahI zakAro, ( jI uparamAM DimeTrIasanA vRttAMte ) (34) jyAre minenDara bAdazAha thayA tyArathI ja bhUmane kSatrapa nImyA hatA, ( jIe minenDaranA vRttAMta, ) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 129 nImAyA hatA; te samaye paNa kramamAM kama tenI umara 40 thI 45 varSanI tA haze ja. vaLI AgaLa upara sAbita thaze ke te mahAkSatrapa banyo tyAre tenI umara 50 varSanI thaI gaI hatI. te DisAme saheje tenu AyuSya 55+5=100 varSanuM je ApaNe AMkIe te vAratavika lekhAze. eTale pAtAnI umara sa. pU. 21373 = 31 54 sa. pU. 18274 = sa. pU. 15935 = sa. pU. 114 minenDarane jItI ApyA hatA tene kAMIka nirdeza atra karI laIe. 99 minenDara jyAre DimeTrIasanI gAdIe beThA tyAre tA tene vArasAmAM mAtra paMjAba tathA tenI pazcimanA thoDAka pahADI pradeza ja maLyA hatA; paNa pAchaLathI paMjAbamAM Avela satalajanI dakSiNanA pradeza tathA sidha i. je teNe meLavyA hatA te tenA A yuddhakuzaLa ane zuravIra yAhnA bhramakane lIdhe ja prApta thayA hatA. te deza jItyA bAda tenA upara vahIvaTa karavAne paNa tene ja nImyA hatA. pachI teA teNe eka pachI eka pradeza jatIne minenDaranA rAjyamAM vadhArA karyo rAkhyA hatA eTale sudhI ke jyAre bAdazAhanuM maraNa thayuM tyAre tene havAle rAjaputAnAmAMnA aravallI DuMgaranA pazcime AvelA sadhaLA bhAga, siMdha,77 = . ( 35) sarakhAveA uparanI TI. naM. 32, (36) puravAra karAyuM che ke, DimeTrIasa satalaja nadIne kAMThe agnimitranI sAthe yuddha karatAM maraNa pAmyA che. matalaba ke tenA rAjyanI hada tyAM AvIne aTakI jatI hatI. ( jue DimeTrIasanA vRttAMte, ) (67) ahIM bhramanA tathA minenDaranA sikkAo maLI Ave che tethI A anumAna upara vidvAnA gayA www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhUmakane [ tRtIya karacha tathA saurASTranA prAMta paNa hatA. temAM ya saurASTra minenDaranuM mRtyu thayuM te ja sAlamAM athavA to tenI AgalI sAlamAM ja zuMgapati baLamitrane jItI levAthI tene prApta thayo hato. bAkI gujarAtano bhAga (athavA jene te vakhate lATa deza ke tevA ja anya nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Avato ) tene A chatathI maLyo nathI lAgata ja 38 baLamitra marI gayA bAda paNa jyAM sudhI tene bhAI bhAnumitra rAjagAdIe hato tema te baliSTha paNa hatuM eTale tyAM sudhI te zuMgapatine tAbe ja te deza rahyo hata; bAkI tenuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 142 mAM thatAM, bhUmakanA putra kSatrapa nahapANe gujarAtavALo bhAga jItI laI pitAnA pitAnA rAjyamAM bheLavI dIdhe lAge che. A vakhate nahapAne jamAI rUSabhadatta paNa yuvAvasthAmAM hovAthI tathA kAMIka lazkarI tAlIma pAmela hevAthI sainyamAM joDAIne pitAnA sasarAnA jamaNA hAtha jevo thaI paDyo hato. teNe paNa keTa- lAka sainya sAthe tApI nadInI dakSiNavALo bhAga jItI laI AgaLa kUca karI hatI tathA godAvarI nadInA mULavALo bhAga jene te samaye 'govaradhana samaya 'nA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Avato hato ane jyAM AgaLa aMdhrapati zAtakaraNIonI sattA jAmI paDI hatI tyAMthI temane hacamacAvI mUkI pAchA haThavAnI pharaja pADI hatI tathA te mulaka kSaharATa sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI dIdho hato.39 A sarva banAva bhUmakanA rAjyakALa banavA pAmyA hatA tethI tenI chata tarIke oLakhavAmAM vAMdho nathI. bAkI te pradeza jItavAmAM tenA putra nahapANu temaja jAmAtR rUSabhadattanI ja preraNuM mukhya aMze hatI teTalI neMdha te levI ja ghaTe. eTale jema bhUmaka pate yuvAvasthAmAM pitAnA bAdazAha minenDarane pradeza chatI ApavAne upayogI thaI paDyo hato, tema tenI pitAnI uttarAvasthAmAM tenA putra ane jamAI tene kAra gata thaI paDyA hatA. A pramANe tenA rAjyavistAranuM varNana kahI zakAya. vidvAnone atra evo mata che ke gujarAta dezamAM bharUca jIllAvALo bhAga bAdazAha minenDaranA samaye bhUmake jItI lIdho hato ane tenA pramANu tarIke te bhAgamAMthI bhUmaka ane minenTaranA jaDI AvatA sikkAone AgaLa dhare che. paNa mAruM mAnavuM ema thayuM che. jenuM varNana upara karavAmAM AvyuM che ke te bhAga te bhUma kanA rAjakALe tenA putra nahapANe jItI lIdhe hato; eTale bhale minenDaranA sikkA tyAMthI maLI Ave che, chatAM tenuM rAjya tyAM sudhI laMbAyuM nahotuM ema kahevuM paDaze. mAtra sikkA maLI AvyAthI te mulaka upara teno adhikAra hato ema kAMI nizcitapaNe kahI zakAya nahIM, kAraNa ke e kaI siddhAMta nathI ke je rAjyane sikko hoya te sikako tenI hadamAM ja mAtra goMdhAI rahevo joIe. je te niyama pramANe ja kAma levAtuM hoya to te vepArane cAre taraphathI che. A siddhAMta aTaLa tarIke kAMI mAnavA je na ja gaNAya. tenA vivecana mATe A pArAmAM ja AgaLa hakIkta vAMce. tathA nIcenI TI. naM. 41 jue. (38 ) A prAMta upara bhAnumitranI sattA rahI hatI evA purAvA jaina sAhityamAMthI maLI Ave che. ( juo kAlikarasUrinI kathAvALo bhAga.) (39) A hakIkata nAsikanA ane juneranA zilAlekhathI puravAra thAya che. temAM nahapANanA jamAI rUSabhadatte ane putrI dakSamitrAe dAna karyAnuM lakhANa che. (40) dAnapatrane samaya tevA zilAlekhamAM ne che. je savanI sAlo bhUmakanA rAjakALanI sAbita thaI zake che.

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pariccheda ] tema ja prajAnA bharaDA ja anubhavavA paDe ane dezaparadeza sAthe levaDadevaDa aTakI jatAM darekane khAbheAcIyA mAMhelA kUpamaMDuka jevI sthitimAM ja rahevuM paDe : bAkI ATalI vAta teA kharI che ja ke, je mulakane sikko hAya te mulakamAM teA calaNanu mukhya aMga te ja rahI zake che: uparAMta sikkAnI avarajavara tathA vaparAzane, rAjakIya vyApArika vikrayanI sAthe sAthe, sAmAjika jIvana ane vyavahAramAM paNa letI detI upara AdhAra rAkhavA paDatA heAvAthI, game teTale dUradUra deza paDavo hAya chatAM, tyAM te paheAMcI jAya che.41 temAM paNa eTaluM te kharU ja ke, tapeAtAnA rAjya vistAramAM anya rAjyanA sikkA AvavA devA ke kema, te te mulakanA rAja kartAnA nikhAlasa dila upara, temaja te te mulakanA rAjakartAonI arasaparasanI rAjanIti upara avalaMbAyamAna rahe che. eTale saurASTramAM ane bharUcanA pradezamAM bhUmakanA tathA minenDaranA je sikkAo maLI AvyA che ( jo te pramANe vastusthiti hoya teA ) te temanA rAjyavistAranuM -pariNAma gaNavAnuM nathI; paNa te samaye vepAra vahevAra teTale vistRta ane maheALA phelAvA pAmyA hatA tema kahevAya athavA teA vadhAre saMbhavita kAraNa ema paNa kalpI zakAya ke, bhUmaka pachInA tenA vazajonA je amala te pradeza upara thayA hatA, temaNe peAtAnA purA gAmI-pUrvajonA sanmAna ane bhakti tathA pUyabuddhine lIdhe potAnA amala daramyAna paNa te sikkAne calaNarUpe cAlu rahevA dIdhA hatA. A pramANe anumAna karavAne kAraNa paNa che. rAjyavistAra (41) vartamAnakALe A sthiti dareka dezapara. derAmAM najare paDe che. deza kayAMya paDayA hAya ane tenA sikko kayAMya dUra dUra vaparAtA dekhAya che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 191 te nahapANanA rAjyanA vistAra vicAratI vakhate nAsikanA zilAlekhane ullekha karIne gautamIputra zAtakaraNInI mAtA rANI khaLazrInA nAmathI lakhAyalA zabdo upara vivecana karatAM ApaNe pUrepUra samajI zakIzu. jyAre pote kSatrapa pade hatA tyAre ke mahAkSatrapa banyA pachI paNa, koI sikko bhUmake potAnA nAme paDAvyA hAya evuM jaNAtuM nathI. A hakIkata ema anumAna upara ApaNane lai jAya che ke, pAte meATI umare mahAkSatrapa anyA hAvAthI tenu dila mAyAvI saMsArathI keTaleka darajaje virakta thaI gayu hatu ane pote nirabhimAna paNe rahI nirapekSa vRttithI rAjakArabhAra calAvye javAnA vicAravALA thayA hatA. matalaba ke, teNe potAnA AkhA rAjavakALa balke tenA mATeA bhAga-zAMtipUrvaka rAjya calAvI vepAramAM vRddhi karI, prajAnI AkhAdI ane samRddhimAM umere karavAmAM ja gALyA lAge che. je pradeza upara te sattA bhAgavatA hatA tenuM sthAna bharatakhaMDanI lagabhaga madhyamAM Avelu hovAthI tene te samaye madhya tenI rAjagAdI- deza'42 tarIke oLakhavAmAM nuM sthAna AvatA hatA ane tenA rAjapATane madhyamikA nagarI kahevAmAM AvatI hatI ema vidvAnenu mAnavuM thayuM che. A nagarInuM AvuM nAma kayAMthI zeAdhI kaDhAyuM tenI pUrI mAhitI maLatI nathI, paNa te nagarInu` sthAna vartamAna citADa athavA tenI AsapAsanA pradezamAM theADAka mAIlamAM TharAvAyuM che. jyAre mArU' mAnavuM ema thAya che (42) jene prAcIna sAhityamAM 'matsya" deza tarIke paNa oLakhAvAyA che. (jIe pu. 2, pR. 66 upara) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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19ra bhUmakanI [ tRtIya ke, tenuM rAjya aravallI pahADanI pUrva dizAmAM koI kALe paNa thavA pAmyuM ja nathI; eTale madhyamikA nagarInuM sthAna mevADamAM hovuM mAnI zakAya tema nathI. paNa bhUmakanA maraNa pachI tenA putra nahapANe pote avaMti sara karyuM te pahelAM aravallInI pUrvamAM kAMIka rAjyano vistAra vadhArIne te pradezamAM thoDe vakhata sthiti karI hatI. te samaye-mAtra varasa ke daDhavarasanA gALA mATe ja-kadAca tenI gAdInuM sthAna A citoDagaDhanA pradezamAM karAyuM hoya te zaMkA rAkhavAnuM kAraNa nathI; bhUmaka pate te te mulakanI jamIna upara paga mAMDavAne paNa nazIbAMta thayo nathI ja. bAkI tenA rAjakALamAM nahapANe, pitAne jamAI rUSabhadattanI sahAyathI gujarAtamAM thaIne dakSiNamAM je praveza karyo hato tene utaravAne mArga zirohInI dakSiNe thaIne karyo hato ema samajAya che. matalaba ke aravallI ane salaMbara parvatane pharato mAge teNe grahaNa karyo hato, jethI citoDa-mevADanI bhUmine bhUmakanI sattA bahAra gaNavI rahe che, te pachI tene rAjapATanuM sthAna karyuM hoI zake te jarA vicArI laIe. je ke koIpaNa sthaLa nizcayapUrvaka ApaNe batAvI zakIe tema te nathI ja, paNa te samayanI bhUgoLa upara daSTipAta karatAM je traNa cAra sthAnanI saMbhavitatA dekhAya che tene ullekha karIzuM to bhaviSyamAM te bAbatamAM prayAsa karanArane kadAca te mArgadarzaka thaI paDaze kharUM. tevAM sthAna mArI najaramAM cAreka najare paDe che. sauthI prathama bhinnamAla nagara43 : tenuM sthAna hAlanA zirohI rAjya golavADa prAMtamAM ane jodhapuranI dakSiNe aMda ja gaNI zakAya. bIjuM sthAna taMbAvaTI nagarInuM ke jenI jagyA aravallI pahADanI pazcima kinArInA pradeza upara gaNavAmAM Ave che. te pradezanI jamIna viSe ema kahevAya che ke te bhUmimAM tAMbAnI khANo AvI hatI tethI te nagarInuM nAma taMbAvaTI-tAMbAvaTI-trAMbAvaTI paDayuM hatuM ane hAla paNa te bhUmine raMga tAMbAnI dhAtunA jevo hoya tevo ratuMbara najare paDe che. trIjuM sthAna verATa nagaravALuM ke jyAM AgaLa samrATa priyadarzinane bAmrA-vairATavALo zilAlekha Ubho karAyo hato. tenuM vartamAna sthAna avAvara rAjya maMcerI gAma pAse AveluM gaNuM zakAya. ane cothuM sthAna harSapura nagaranuM, ke je I. sa. pU. nI pahelI sadImAM pUra samRddhivALuM nagara hatuM. tenuM vartamAna sthAna ajamera zahera ane puSkara sarovaranI najIkamAM hatuM ke je pradezamAMthI bhUmakanA sikkAo paNa maLI AvyA che. A zaheranuM varNana jaina sAhitya graMthamAM nIce pramANe karavAmAM AvyuM che. "traNase che jinabhuvane jemAM, cAraso che laukika prAsAdo jemAM, aDhAra se che brAhmaNonAM ghara jemAM, (43) A sthAnanI keTalIka hakIkata mATe pu. 1, pR. 66, TI. naM. 63-64: pR. 219 tathA pu. 2, pR. 175 I. I. juo; vaLI viroSa hakIkata AgaLamAM kaprajananA vaNane Avaze tyAM jevuM. hi u. che. pR. 58 (gu x va x se. taraphathI bahAra pADelu)mAM lakhe che ke, Abu parvatanI vAyavye 50 mAila upara Avela bhinnamALa athavA zrImAlanagaramAM gUrjara rAjapUtanI rAjadhAnI hatI. bharUcane nAno gurjaravaMza bhillamAla rAjavaMzanI eka zAkhA mAtra hatI. vaLI nIcenI TIkA naM. 46 juo. (44) AnA varNana mATe juo. pu. 1 luM, pR. 49-51 TI. naM. 22; pu. 2, 5, 354. (45) ke, A. re. pU. 64. (46) jue. ka. su. su. TI. 5. 28, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] chatrIsa hajAra che vaNikanAM dhare| jyAM, nava se che bagIcAo jyAM, sAta so che vAvA jyAM, khase che. kuvAo jyAM, tathA sAtase che dAnazALA jyAM evuM tathA ajameranI najIkamAM rahelA tathA subhaTapAla nAma che rAjA jyAM evu' te hapura nagara che. I." A pramANe tenI gAdInA sthAna tarIke cAra sthaLanI kalpanA thAya che. kayuM vizeSa saMbhavita che te te zodhakheALa karatAM nakkI thAya te kharUM; paNa mArU' anumAna ema thAya che ke prathama tenu rAjanagara aravallInA dakSiNa cheDe bhinnamAla nagare haze, ane jema jema rAjakIya AvazyakatA lAgatI gai haze tema tema teNe tyAMthI khaseDIne aravallInA uttara cheDe Avela A hapuramAM rAjadhAnI karI haze. (47) rAnna nahapANanI rAjadhAnI vize kembrIja roTa hisTarI opha InDiyAmAM pR. 81 para lakhyuM che ke His capital is said to have been Minnagar which has not been identified-an rAjagAdI mananagare hAvAnuM kahevAya che, tenuM sthAna nakkI karI zakAyuM nathI. ( mAruM TIpaNu:-zuM A zinnamAlane TUMkAmAM bhinnanagara kahevAtuM hoya ane jyAM 5 gAdInu' sthAna Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 193 athavA teA jarUrIyAta pramANe te ane sthAnamAM avAranavAra raheNAka karatA haze. pUra A sivAya bIjuM kAMI vizeSa jANavAmAM Avyu' na hovAthI bhUmakanA vRttAMta ahIM pUraza thAya che. tenA vazane keTabhUmaka`vRttAMta lAkoe kAThiyAvADanA zAhI rAjAe= Shahi kings of Kathiawar " tarIke oLakhAvyA che, paNa mArA khyAla pramANe te te vaza nahuSANunA jamAI rUSabhadattanA gaNI zakAya tema che. tema karavAnAM kAraNA paNa che. te viSaya ApaNe AgaLa upara rUSabhadattanuM prakaraNa lakhatI veLA carcIzu. bhinnanagara zabda lakhAyA hoya tyAMnA akSaranI azuddhatAne lIdhe ke, akSaranA kAnA athavA vaLAMkamAM pheraphAra thaI gayA hoya tene lIdhe ke pachI lipiUkelanA sadiUpaNAne lIdhe te bhinnane badale mitra vaMcAyu. haraze. ? ) keTalAka vidvAnanuM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke A minanagaranuM sthAna sidhu nadInA mukha AgaLanA huAkhamAM che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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TULILOM caturtha pariccheda paradezI AkramaNakAre (cAlu) kSaharATa kSatra (madhya pradeza) cAlu saMkSipta sAra--(2) nahapANa tenAM judAM judAM nAma tathA birUdo vizenA karelA khulAsA-jIvanA jokhame paNa avaMtinI gAdI meLavavA kheDavA paDatA prayAsanuM kAraNa tenA samaya ane AyuSya paratve bAMdhela nirNaya-tenA kuTuMbanI Apela keTalIka hakIkatatenA rAjyavistAranuM varNana tathA hevAla-vistAra vadhAravA jatAM AMdhruvaMzI zAtakaraNe sAthe tene bAMdhavuM paDeluM vera-sAmA pakSe te veranuM bAMdheluM mApa tathA aMtaHkaraNamAM sthApela tenA UMDANanI carcA tenI rAjagAdInAM sthAna tathA sikakAo vize ApelI keTalIka navIna vigataprajAraMjaka pravRttio mATe teNe AdarelA prayAsa ane temAM tene maLelI keTalIka saphaLatAnuM varNana-tenAM rAjakIya DahApaNa ane dIrdhadaSTinAM ApelAM eka be udAharaNa-AvAM pagalAM bharavAmAM te tenuM anukaraNa karI rahyo hato te bAbatanI samajUtinate rAjanItinI sArthakatA temaja vAstaviktAnI laMbANathI lIdhelI tapAsa-te avaMtipati hate chatAM tenuM varNana judA ja vaMza tarIke na ApatA, kSatrapa jevA nAnA sattAdhikArIo sAthe tenuM jIvanavRttAMta kema bheLavI devAyuM che tenA Apela khulAsA-nahapANa ane cakaNuM, bane kSatrane saMbaMdha kevA prakArano hoI zake te vizenI dalIle pUrvaka karela carcAkAnhAyana vaMzanI aitihAsika mahatvatA saMbaMdhI derelAM keTalAMka anumAne tathA tenuM ApeluM varNana-

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paricheda nahapANa (2) nahapANu bhUmakanuM maraNa ma. saM. 41 =I. sa. pU 114 mAM thatAM tenI gAdIe tene putra nahapANa Avyo hato. eTale atyAra tenAM nAmo sudhI potAnA nAmanA cheDe tathA birUda je kSatrapa zabada lagADate te sthAne have mahAkSatrapa lakha- vAnuM teNe zarU karI dIdhuM hatuM. A vakhate kSaharATa saMvata 45 cAlato hato. pachI bIje ja varSe ( kadAca cha ATha mAsamAM paNa saMbhavita che) teNe zuMgavaMzI chelle rAjA devabhUti je avaMtipati hato tenI sAthe yuddha karI mArI nAMkhIne-kadAca tene caDI Avele jANIne devabhUtine tenA aMtaHpuramAMnI keAI rANI ke rakhAta mAraphata tenA pradhAne mArI naMkhAvyo hoya-A sthiti vadhAre saMbhavita lAge che-pate avaM. tinI gAdIe beThe. ApaNe AgaLa joI gayA chIe ke sArAye hiMdamAM ujajenI, hiMdu prajAnuM eka pavitra sthAna gaNAtuM hatuM. temaja tenuM sthAna hiMdanI madhyamAM heine tenI rAjakIya agatyatA paNa vizeSa hatI. ane tene lIdhe ja magadhasamrATa priya darzine pitAnI rAjagAdI pATaliputramAMthI phera vine ujajainamAM karI hatI. temaja tenuM rekhAMza paNa jotiSazAstranI daSTie bahu ja upayogI hatuM. vaLI moTuM vepArI mathaka paNa hatuM, tema jaina dharmanI dRSTie paNa te pradeza ati pavitra gaNAtA hatA. A pramANenI vidhavidha vizi. chatAne aMge avaMtikAMta meLave ane tenA (1) juo AgaLanA pArigrApha TI. naM. 13 nI hakIkata. (2) jue pu. 1, pR. 182 ane AgaLanI hakIkata; pu. 2, pR. 302. tathA gautamIputra zAtakaraNanA rAjakartA thavuM te te samaye dareka rAjAne pitAnA jIvananuM zreSThatama sAdhya thaI paDayuM hatuM. te prApta karavAne te aneka prakAranAM jokhama paNa teo pitAnA zire vaherI levAne taiyAra thaI jatA hatA. te pramANe A kSaharATa saradAra nahapANe paNa pitAno rAjyAbhiSeka thayA bAda sauthI prathama dhyAna avaMtinI gAdI meLavavA ja doDAvyuM hatuM. te vakhate tyAMnA AkhA rAjyanuM aMtaHpura temaja maMtrImaMDaLa sarva vyabhicArapaNAmAM saDeluM hovAthI tene pitAne prayAsa susAdhya lAgatuM hatuM, jethI caDAI laI jaI, tenA rAjAne mArIne moTI dhAmadhumathI avaMtine rAjA banI beThe. hiMdustAnanI AvI pavitra gaNAtI ujajainI nagarI upara je kaMI paNa paradezIe svAmitva meLavavAnuM bhAgya prathama prApta karyuM hoya to te A nahapA ja hatA. avaMtinI gAdI prApta thatAM ja teNe pitAnuM asalI rAjapada choDI dIdhuM ane have mahAkSatrapane badale "rAjA"nuM birUda dhAraNa karyuM. Ane samaya kSaharATa saM. 46-ma. saM. 413I. sa. pU. 114 che, te samayathI tevA birUdavALA sikkAo paNa teNe paDAvavA zarU karI dIdhA che; chatAM potAnuM jAtyAbhimAna teNe tadana kare mUkI dIdhuM hoya ema mAnavAne kAraNa nathI. jenI sAbitIo A samaya bAda teNe kotarAvelA zilAlekhathI ApaNane maLI Ave che. temAM teNe pitAne svAmI-rAjA-ke mahAkSatrapa tarIke saMbodhyAnuM joI zakIe chIe. eTale ke tenAM birUda mahAkSatrapa-rAjA jIvanacaritre zakasaMvatanI sthApanAne lagatI bInA. (3) juo pu. 2, pR. 301-3. (4) juo pu. 1, pR. 182 thI AgaLa pR. 200 sudhInI hakIkata.

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nahapANanAM samaya : [ caturtha ane svAmI ema traNa hatAM. A samayathI eTale ke, te pote gAdIe beThe tenA pachI bIjA ja varSathI athavA ApaNe je banAvane, teNe hiMdustAnanA nAka samAna gaNAtA avaMti pradezanI gAdI meLavI lIdhA tarIke oLakhAvyo che tyArathI, keTalAka itihAsakAroe tenuM nAma pheravIne nahepaNane sthAne hiMdu bhASAne chAjatuM nAma banAvavA prayatna karyo che. temaja ApaNe paNa eTalI vAtane te svIkAra karavo ja rahe che ke, hiMduenA sahavAsamAM AvIne A paradezIo hidI ja banI jatA hatA. AvA itihAsakAromAM jaina graMthakAre kAMIka aMze agresara hovAnuM jaNAI Ave che. temaNe nahapAne badale nara- vAhana, navAhana athavA nabhavAhana ke naravAhana nAma lagADayuM che. A bAbatamAM paMDita jAyasvAlajInuM nAma ApIne rAjA nahapAnI utpattinuM vRttAMta lakhatAM, dhI inDiyana hirIla kaTala 5, I. sa. 1929mAM pR. 357 tathA pR. 398 upara tenA lekhaka mahAzaya jaNAve che ke, Narvahan of this katha, is named Nahapana in an ancient (5) e. hi. I. pU. 142H- hiMdI rana ane prajAne potAnI grIka saMskRtimAM raMgita karavAne badale inDagrIka saradAra ane prazna pate ja hiMdI saMskRti apanAvI levAnI valaNavALI hatI ema sApha sApha jaNAI Ave che; The tendency certainly was for Indo-Greek princes and people to become Hinduized rather than for the Indian rajas and their subjects to be Hellinized. (6) jue pariziSTa parvamAM tenuM vRttAMta. (7) juo. ja. e. je. je. e. sa. pu. , pR. 148. temAM lakhe che ke rAja nabavAhanane keTaleka pattavali and his name bears resemblance to Nahapana-A kathAnA nAyaka naravAhanane eka jUnI paTTAvalImAM navajANu tarIke saMbodhe che ane tenuM nAma nahapANane maLatuM Ave che. vaLI lakhe che keH Mr. UK P. Jayasal has also taken the Jain Naravahan to be the kshatrap king Nabapana. Hence we can say that Nahapana did profess Jainism in his after life=paMDita jAyAlajIe paNa jainadharmI naravADanane kSatrapa rAjA nahapANa hevAnuM mAnyuM che. te mATe ApaNe paNa kahI zakIe chIe ke, nahapANe pitAnI uttarAvasthAmAM jaina dharma svIkAryo hato. eTale ke, jema tenA pitAe gAdIe beThA pachI potAnuM asala jAti nAma game te hatuM, paNa pheravIne bhUmaka nAma grahaNa karyuM hatuM tema A nahapANanA saMbaMdhamAM paNa banyuM lAge che, tethI teNe potAnuM nAma naravAlana ke nabhe vAhana rAkhyuM che te banavAjoga che. chatAM kahevuM joize ke teNe je sikkA " rAjA "pade birAjIta thayA bAda paDAvyA che temAM te "nahapANa" ja sthAne naravAhana paNa kahyo che. vaLI juo ja. bI. e. pI. se. . 12. (8) juo jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka nAmanuM trimAsika pu. 1, bhAga 1, pR. 211; tathA juo uparanI TIkA naM. 7. (9) teja pustaka che. hi. kaoNM. pu. 5. (10) A zabda to majakura lekhaka mahAzayanA ja che. mAre mata keTaleka aMze judo paDe che te AgaLa upara jaNAvavAmAM Avaze. juo, "tenuM kuTuMba"vALo pArigrApha. (11) juo upara 5. 84mAM " koI irAnI karatAM saMskRta bhASAnuM nAma " vALA zabdo.

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pariccheda ] lakhavAnuM cAlu rAkhyu' dekhAya che. nAzinA zilAlekha uparathI sAbita thai gayuM che ke, te 95 sudhI kSatrapa hatA, pachI 46 mAM mahAkSatrapa thayA che ra ane te bAda te rAjA thayA che. ane jyArathI kAi rAjakartA mahAkSatrapa thAya tyArathI te svataMtra thaye| gaNAya che evA niyama ApaNe pratipAdana karI gayA chIe; eTale ema siddha thaI gayuM kahevAze ke, tenA rAjyAbhiSeka 46 kSaharATa saMvata=ma. saM. 413= i. sa. pU. 114 mAM thayA hatA ane khIre ja varSe ke cha A mahinAmAM te ava'tipati banyA hatA; eTale tenA samaya I. sa. pU 114= ma. sa. 413 lekhAze. tema rAjA tarIke tenA samaya 40 varSoMnA gaNAya che. (juo pu. 1, pR. tenA samaya tathA AyuSya tathA AyuSya ( 12 ) kA, AM.rU. pU. 65, TI. 1:--zilAlekhAmAM kSaharATa kSatrapanA 41-42 ane 45 ane mahAkSatrapa, svAminA 46 varSa che; jyAre sikkA upara kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa nathI, paNa nahapANa tA bhramakathI sinna paDIne hamezAM Ana ja kahevAyA che=In inscriptions, Kshaharata kshatrap years 41, 42 & 45. Mahakshatrap Swami year 46. On the coins, the title Kshatrap or Maha-kshatrap does not occur: unlike Bhumak, Nahapana is always called Raja. (13) jIe uparanI TIkA naM. 1, (14) ja, i. hi. kavA, pu. 16, pR. 3H-- ( prophesara na kAnanA mate) nahapANane sAmI, sakasvAmI, ane rAja tarIke ane RNane mahAkSatrapa svAmI oLakhAvAya che. " Nahapana is styted Sani, San Swaml & Raja...Mahakshatrapa Sami Chastrana-" [ mArUM" TIpaNu-sAmInA daro zuM heAI rAke te Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 197 202; eTale kSaharATa sa. 86=ma, sa'. 453= sa. pU 74 mAM tenA rAjyanA ata AvyeA che, athavA tenuM maraNu nIpajyuM che ema gaNavu paDaze. eTale ke tene samaya i. sa. pU. 114 thI 74 sudhInA 40 va pa taLeA kahI zakAze. have tenA AyuSya sabaMdhamAM jAvavAnuM ke, kSatra' bhramaka jyAre gAdIpati thayA tyAre tenI umara Azare 45 varSanI hovAnu` ApaNe TharAvyuM che. tema teneA putra nahuSANu jyAre tenA ja rAjye kSatrapa hatA ane pAchaLathI gAdIe AvatAM mahAkSatrapa thayA che 4 eTale eka to tenA te yuvarAja ja hateA ema paNa spaSTa thAya che tema e paNa anumAna karI zakAya che ke jayAre pitA-bhramaka gAdIe AvyA tyAre putra--nahapANunI umara kamamAM kama 15-16 varSonI tA haze ja. ane te gaNutrIe jyAre ApaNe ahIM batAvavu che. rAjana, mahAkSatrapa-sAmI ema je lakhyuM che te temanA caDauttara darajjo batAve che. vaLI caNanA ItihAsathI samajAya che ke prathama te mahAkSatrapa lakhatA hatA ane pAchaLathI rAja lakhavA maDayA hatA, eTale te batAve che ke, mahAkSatrapa karatAM rAnI padavI meATI che; jethI sAmInI padavI nAnI che ema ApoApa siddha thaI gayuM...A anumAna sAcuM ja che. tenI sAbitI ApaNane te caNa varAnA aMte je rAkha thayA che temanA ja sikkA uparathI maLI Ave che; kemake temanA upara anya rAjavIonA humalA thatAM ane pote nabaLA paDatAM peAtAne svAmI tarIke oLakhAvatA hatA, ( jue pu. 4 nA aMte temano pariccheda ) tevI ja rIte nahapANa prathama svAmI hatA, (eTale ke mahAkSatrapathI nAnA pahe athavA kSatrapa tarIke hatA. A kSatrapa zabda parabhASAno che jyAre svAmI zabda hiMdI bhASAnA che te pachI mahAkSatrapa thayA che ane te bAda rAna thayA che. ] www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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198 nahapANanuM [ caturtha nahapANa poteja mahAkSatrapa banyA tyAre tenI pitAnI umara paNa 15+4=40 nI te ochAmAM ochI hevI joIe ja. tema gAdIe beThA pachI teno rAjaamala pAche 40 varSa paryata cAlyo. che eTale maraNasamaye tenI umara se varSanI athavA tenI AsapAsanI vadhAre kharI, paNa ochI nahIMja-saheje gaNavI paDaze. tema bIjI bAju nahapANunA jamAI rUpAdattane vRttAMta tapAsIe chIe te ApaNuM uparanA anumAnane puSTi ja maLe che; kemake A rUSabhadatte pitAnA dAnapatramAM 5 meDAmAM moDe AMka kSaharATa saMvata 45 ne jaNAvyuM che. ane te varSa sudhI nahapaNa te kSatrapapade ja hato ema te ja lekha uparathI sAbita thAya che. tema ApaNe uparamAM joI gayA chIe ke, te tene kSatrapapadanuM chelluM ja varSa hatuM. have vicAre ke te samaye tene jamAI je yuddha karIne vijetA banavA jeTaluM sAmarthya bhagavate heya tenI umara keTalI heya? A badhA saMge jotAM tenI umara je ApaNe se varSanI Azare TevI che te yogya ja kahevAze. eTale tene lagate samaya ApaNe nIce pramANe goThavI zakIzuM - bha. saM. I. sa. pU. umara janma 353 174 kSatrapa 369 158 16 mahAkSatrapa 413 14 rAja 413 114 maraNa 453 74 100 kula AyuSya=100 : rAjyakALa 40. tenA pitAnuM nAma bhUmaka hatuM te ApaNe jANI cUkyA chIe. te sivAya tenI mAtA, strI ke putra che. nAM koInAM tenuM kuTuMba nAma vize patto lAgato nathI. je eka hakIkata nisaM. dehapaNe sAbita thAya che te eTalI ja ke, dakSamitrA nAme tene eka putrI hatI ane teNIne zakaprajAnA dinika nAme keI kulIna ane mobhAvALA saradAranA putra uSavadA-rUSabhadatta vere paraNAvI hatI.16 nahapANane saMtatImAM koI putra hoya tema jaNAyuM nathI. putra thaye heya, paNa tenA pitAnA maraNa pahelAM ja te marI gayo hoya te te vAta judI che, paNa sApha samajAya che ke tene putra ja nahIM thaye heya. je putra heta te jema bhUmakanA (15) jAo nIcenI TIkA naM. 6 nA utArAo. (16) bhA. prA. 2. bhAga 1, pR. 1. nahapANa ( maMtrI ayama) zaThavaMzI dinika putrI dakSamitrA ne paraNAvI. | uSavadAra putra mitradeva ke, A. ke. prastAva 5, 104, pArA. 84 TI. 1Nahapana's son-in-law Ushavdatta-( Rishaydatta ) was probably a Saka with a Hinduised name=nahapAne jamAI uSavadAd (3Sabhadatta) hiMdu jAtinA nAmavALe zakanatine (mANasa) hate. ja. ba. va. je. e. sa. pu. 8, 5. 239:Ushavadatta, son of Dinika was married to Dakshamitra, daughter of Nahapanadinikaputra uSabhadAttane, nahapANanI putrI dakSamitrA vera paraNAvyo hato. ja, be, baM. . e. se, pu. 8, pR. 63- Nahapana's daughter Dakshamitra wag married to Saka Ushavadatta, whose inscriptions at Karla and Nasik record

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pariccheda ] rAjye nahapANu kSatrapanA rAjakIya jIvanane lagatA kAIka ne kAika banAvanA ullekha maLI Ave che tema tene paNa jo putra hAtA tenA rAjatvakALamAM kADha kSatrapa tarIke tenA putranuM nAma kayAMka mAlUma paDI jAta ja; paNa jyAM ne tyAM jamA rUSabhadatta nAmanI vyakti ja tarI Ave che. eTale sahaja kalpanA karI zakAya che ke, nahapANunA AkhAye-kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa ane rAjA tarIkenAjIvanakALamAM jo koi paNa pradhAna vyakti hAya teA te tenA jamAi rUSabhadatta ja hatA; ke jeNe mukhyatAe, nahapANu gAdIe AvyA te pahelAM aneka chatA meLavIne, nAsika zaheranI AsapAsanA pradezamAM nahuSANu kSatrapanA nAme ja aneka prakAranAM dAna dIdhAM che; je teNe ja kAMtarAvela zilAlekhA uparathI joi zakAya che. ane pheMTuba benefactions at various places-nahapANanI putrI dakSamitrAne rAka uSavadAtta vere paraNAvI hatI. kArlo ane nAsikanA zilAlekhAmAM teNe bhinna bhinna sthaLe dAna karyAnA ullekha karela che. jyAre ke. hi, i. pR. 577mAM rUSabhadattane nahapANunA jamAine badale, tene banevI ke sALA hevAnuM jaNAvyuM che. (Brother-in-law to Nahapana. ) . (17) te utArA sAbare| A nIce utArU' chuM, majakura pustaka vibudha zrIdhara racita ' zrutAvatAra kathA nAme digaMbara saMpradAyanA graMtha che, atra bharatakSetre vAmiDhero vasudhA nagarI bhaviSyati / taMtra naravAhanA rA| tasya surUpA rAjJI tasyAM putramalabhamAna rAjA hRdi kheda kariSyati / atra prastAve subuddhinAmA zreSThi tasya nRpasyApadeza dAsyati / di deva padmAvatI pAdAraviMda khUna kariSyati tataH putrA bhaviSyati / tasya putrasya padma iti nAma vidhAsyati / rAja tatazrRtyAlaya kariSyati sahasrakUTa dazasahasrasta MbhezrRtaM catu:zAla varSe varSe cAtrAM kariSyati / rAjaprasAdAtmapade jinama'dira vasaMtamAse zreSThApi maDitAM mahIM kariSkRti ! atrAMtare mA prabhAsama Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 199 zilAlekha jevA nAphera purAvA heAvAthI te sa hakIkatane tadana satya ja hAvAnuM ApaNe strIkAravuM rahe che. vaLI tenA maraNa bAda tenI gAdI tenA vaMzamAM paNa nathI rahI tema tenA jamAInA bhAgye paNa nathI AvI, paNa khIjA ja vaMzanA hastaka gai che te hakIkata paNa ema ja sUcave che ke, tenA maraNa samaye tene kAI putra ja nahAtA. upara kahI gayA chIe ke 40 varSanuM rAjya bhogavyA bAda tenuM maraNa kudaratI sA gAmAM nIpajyuM hatu; jayAre inDIana hisTorIkala kavAlI nAmanA trimAsikamAM 1929, pu. 5. pR. 576 upara zrutAvatAra kathA'' nAme eka puratakanA je utArA ApyA cheH7 temAMthI vaLI judI ja sthiti tarI Ave che; paNa .. stApi sadhasrAmiSati / rAkha zreSThinA sahu jinastavana vidhAya pUjA' ca nagarImaghye mahAmahattvana ratha bhrAmacitlA tatA jinaprAMgaNe sthApaciSyati / nijamitra magadha svAmina munIMdra dRA vairAgyabhAvanA bhAvitA naravAha. ne'Si zreSThinA subuddhinAmnA sahu jenIdIkSAM kariSyati / A pramANe jaNAvIne AgaLa jatAM lakhyuM che ke, He studied the Jain Siddhhanta from one Dharsenacharya and composed a new work on the Jaina philosophy-otherwise the Angas, which was quite extinct at the time-teNe dhasenAcAya pAse sUtrane abhyAsa karyo ane jainatattva upara (agasUtra sivAya ke jene te samaye leApta thaI gayA hatA.) eka navIna ja graMtha racI kADhayA, [ mArU TIpaNa-pAchaLano bhAga satya nathI lAgatA, kemake aneka purAvAthI ApaNe sAbita karI cUkayA chIe ke tenI uMmara 100 AsapAsa tA hatI ja; te zu tevaDI meTI uMmare, rAjavaibhavane tyAga karI temaNe jaina pravrajyA lIdhI hatI ? bIju vaLI lakhe che ke, siddhAMtAnA nArA thaI gayA hatA, te te paNa khATu www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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202 chetALIsa [ caturtha te hakIkatane anya sAdhanothI Teko maLatA na sAthe rahetA thaI gayA hovAthI tathA sahadharmI hevAthI mAnya rAkhI zakAya tevI lAgatI nathI. havAthI tadana haLImaLI gayA hatA. vaLI jAti jyAre ApaNe te nahapANane lagatA sarva (Birth ) zabdanI mahattvatA paNa divasAna vRttAMta, je avaMti deza upara teNe rAjya karyuM che divasa ghaTI jatI hatI. A pramANe A kSahatenA rAjakartAonA vaMzanI kramavAra ane atruTita rATa ane zaka prajA vaccenuM lohIthI joDANa saLaMga nAmAvaLI rajU karavA uparAMta, banyuM tyAM je thayuM hatuM temAM kAMI vismaya pAmavA jevuM zilAlekhothI ane sikkAonA purAvAthI sAbita nahatuM ja. karI ApatA gayA chIe. eTale te sthitine nahapANanA rAjya tenA mahAmaMtrI amaye aitihAsika ghaTanA tarIke vizeSataH kabUla je zilAlekha saMvata 46 mAM kotarAvyAnuM ane rAkhavI paDaze. temAM mahAkSatrapa nAmathI tene nahapANane kSaharATa jAtine jaNAvyuM che; beMtALIsa saMbo hevAnuM uparamAM eTale ke te prajAnuM mULa sthAna ja dezamAM ke chotera jaNAvI gayA chIe. tene TharAvAze; jyAre tenA jamAI rUSabhadattane zaka badale te AMka 76 ne hevAnuM jAtine varNavyA che. A zaka prajAne sithiyananA keTalAe mAnyuM che, paNa te bahumAnya rahe sAmAnya nAmathI ane temane je bhAga tevuM nathI lAgatuM. chatAM dalIla khAtara mAnI lyo hiMdamAM AvI to tene Indo-Scythians= ke te AMka 76 ne che te te saMvata kSaharATane hiMdI zakanA nAmathI oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che, hevAthI ane nahapANu kSaharATanuM rAjya saM. 4 paNa inDe sithiananAM AvAM ToLAM te aneka thI 8 sudhI cAleluM hovAthI, te 76 nA vakhata hiMdamAM utarI AvyAM che temAMthI kyA varSano samAveza paNa nahapANanA samayamAM thaI samaye A rUSabhadattanuM athavA tenA vaDavAonuM jate gaNAya; jethI te sthiti teTale daraje mAnya ToLuM hiMdamAM AvI pahoMcyuM hatuM te atre rahI zake tema che; paNa bIjI keTalIye paristhiti vicAravA karatAM, jyAre zakaprajAne itihAsa tenI virUddha jAya che. jemake, je 76 nI sAla lakhIzuM tyAre ja vicArIzuM; paNa atre eTaluM svIkArAya te, nahapAnA rAjyane aMta 86 jaNAvavuM te yogya ja che ke bane sasarA jamA mAM hevAthI, te pahelAM daza varSe, athavA I. sa. InI jAtio tadana bhinna bhinna hovA chatAM pU. 84 mAM te banAva banyo kahevAya; ane te sagapaNa-saMbaMdhathI teo joDAyela che. ane samaye te te mahAkSatrapane badale avaMtipati tenAM kAraNamAM ema dekhAya che ke, A badhA banI "rAjA' pada dhArita bhUpati hatuM, je tenA paradezI AkramaNa laI AvanArAo eka bIjA sikkA uparathI spaSTa thAya che. 18 jyAre ame che, kemake A samaya bAda savAso varSa (vetAMbara hato ema kahI na ja zakAya. matalaba ke, naravAhanane mata pramANe vi. saM. 30 mAM vajasvAmI nAmanA putra nahato teTalI ja vAta sAcI che bAkI bIjI. AcAryanuM gamana thayuM tyAM sudhI) vajasvAmine ja vAtane kaI natane Teko maLato nathI.] dazapUrvanuM jJAna hatuM ane te hakIkta aneka rIte (18) jue uparanI TI. naM. 14 tathA TI. mAnya rakhAI che. te pachI extinct=vidhvaMsa thayo naM. 12. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricacheda ] ke chotera 2 te tene mAtra sAmi ke mahAkSatrapa19 padathI ja navAjita thayela tarIke saMbodhyA che, temaja jaiinagraMtha paNa nahapANane avaMtipati tarIke 46 kSaharATa saMvata=I. sa. pU. 114 thI ja vI. kAre che. A pramANe anya zilAlekha ke sikkAI temaja anya saMpradAyI sAhityagraMthI purA- vAo virUddha jAya che. vaLI etihAsika banAve paNa virUddha jAya tevA che; je zAtavAhana vaMzane rAjakartA samayane lagatA hoI atra temane khyAla Apa asthAne gaNAze; temaja saMbaMdha vinA jaNAvavAthI tenuM tAratamya samajAze paNa nahIM. A be kAraNathI te muddAo atre jaNAvavAnI AvazyakatA lAgI nathI. matalaba ke 76 nA AMka karatA 46 no ja 20 te AMka hovAnuM vadhAre mAnanIya thaI paDe tema che. bhUmakanA vRttAMte jaNAvI gayA chIe ke te gAdIe beTho tyAre ja AdheDa vaye pahoMcI gayo hato ane pachI vRddha tenuM rAjya thatAM pite pradeza jItavA tathA vistAra ane rAjya vadhAravAnI vRtti vALo nahate ja. mAtra te to salAhazAMtithI rAja calAvavA ane vepAranI vRddhi karI prajAne saMtoSavAmAM ja potAnI iti kartavyatA samAI jAya che evA vicArane thaye hate. paNa tene yuvAna yuvarAja kSatrapa nahapANa kAMI paga vALIne besI rahe tevA ravabhAvane nahato. tenI caMcaLa vRttine tenA jevA ja uchaLatA lohIvALA tenA jamAI rUpabhadatte sAtha ApavA mAMDyo hato. eTale banne sasarA jamAIe, bhUmaka (9) jue uparanI . . 1ra ane 14. nI hakIkata. ( 20 ) nIcenI TI. na. 16 jue. rAce ja, gujarAtamAM utarIne narmadA-tApI nadIonA pradeza vidhI, nAsika sudhI pahoMcI pitAnI ANa vartAvI dIdhI hatI. A badhe yaza je ke nahapAnI kauzalyatAne lIdhe ja prApta thayo hato paNa te vakhate te mAtra kSatrapa pade hevAthI te pradezamAM khelelA yuddhanI hakIkata bhUmakane nAme ja caDAvavI rahe eTale tyAM paNa lakhAI gaI che, tema tene praNetA nahapANa hovAthI vadhAre nahIM te chevaTe tene IsAre ja kara rahe che. matalaba ke bhUmakanA samaye potAnA zauryathI meLavela sarva pradeza upara have pote ja sattAdhIza banI beThe hate. pote mahAkSatrapa thayuM tyAre bhale tenI umara lagabhaga 60 varSe pahoMcI hatI, chatAM tenAmAM umaMga ane utsAha te eka yuvAna yoddhA jeTalA ja hatA. eTale gAdIe AvatAM ja sauthI prathama citta teNe pAsene deza meLavavA ane kIrtimAM vadhAro karavA tarapha doDAvyuM. aravallInA DuMgaranI uttaradizAe AvIne ajamera tathA pukarajI taLAva raste rAjaputAnAmAM utarI,parvatanI pUrvanI paTTIe Avela mulaka prathama tAbe karI lIdho. Ama paheluM pagaluM bharavAmAM tenI murAda e hatI ke, avaMti upara ekadama sIdhe halle laI javA mATe avaMtinI hadanI pazcime kyAMka thANuM jamAvavuM ane pachI tyAM laDAyaka sAmagrI ekatrita karI anukULatAe avaMti upara caDAI laI javI. A samaye avaMti upara kevA nabaLA, vyabhicArI ane begavilAsI tathA prajAimanamAM rAcanArA ane prajAkalyANanI ( 21 ) bhamakanuM rAjya tenA maraNa samaye aravallInI pazcime ja AvIne aTakaLyuM hatuM tevI mArI mAnyatA thayela hevAthI, A pramANe ahIM lakhela che,

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202 nahaSANane [ caturtha bhAvanAthI beparavA thaI paDelA zuMgavaMzI rAjAeno amala cAluM hatuM te ApaNe temanA vRttAMta uparathI jANI cUkyA chIe. tema vaLI A zuMgavaMzIonA tathA kSaharATa prajAnA dharmo paNa bhinna hatA, jethI eke vartAvela julma calAvI levA, bIje taiyAra nahe. tema avaMtinI gAdInuM mahattva paNa rAjakIya najare prathama keTinuM hatuM. AvA anekavidha kAraNone lIdhe nahapANe avaMti jItI levA prathama taiyArI karI ane te deza jItI lIdho. havethI pote "rAjA" kahevarAvavA lAge ane te pramANenA sikkA paNa paDAvavA22 zarU karI dIdhA. A banAva I. sa. pU 114=ma. saM. 413=kSaharATa saMvata 46 mAM banyo noMdha rahe che, jema uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe pote avaMti upara dhasAro laI gayA hatA tema dakSiNamAM aMdhrapati upara tenA jamAI rUpabhadatta ane maMtrI amaya caDI gayA hatA. A samaye dakSiNapatinI gAdI ghaNuM karIne paiThaNamAM hatI te kadAca juneramAM paNa hoya.) te laDAImAM dakSiNa tinI sakhta hAra thaI eTale tenA rAjapATavALo bhAga tathA AsapAsane keTalAya pradeza, godAvarI nadInAM mULavALA gevaradhana prAMta sAthe, nahapANanI ANamAM cAlyo gaye. Ano samaya uparanA ja prasaMga pramANe athavA tenI pachI be-cAra mahine thayAnI noMdha levI rahe che. zAtavAhana vaMzanI A hAra kAMI jevI tevI nahatI, kAraNa ke rAjapATanI nagarI gumAvI temane pAchA hakI javuM paDayuM hatuM ane je sthAnamAM varta mAna varaMguLa zahera AveluM che te pradezamAM rAjagAdI laI javI paDI hatI. jo ke A parAjaya pachI te ja pradezamAM ane te ja varaMguLamAM keTalAya zAtavahanavaMzI rAjA rAjya karI gayA ane marI paNa gayA; chatAM A nAmozIne DaMkha temanA manamAMthI visarAya nahato. eTale sudhI ke chevaTe jyAre te vaMzamAM gautamIputra zAtakaraNI thayo teNe mahAna yuddhano jaMga khelI temAM kSaharATa nahapANu ane zaka rUSabhadattanA te samayanA vaMzajone harAvI, kApI nAMkhIne sarvane nimLa karI nAMkhyA tyAre ja teonA magajamAMthI kAMIka aMze verane kI kamI thavA pAmyo hato. A chata maLavAthI gautamIputrane keTalI moTI khuzAlI utpanna thaI hovI joIe tenuM mApa ApaNe eTalA uparathI ja kADhI zakIe chIe ke khuda tenIja mAtAe rANIzrI baLazrIe-vRddhAvasthAmAM pahoMcI gaI hatI, are kahe ke maraNanI samIpe AvI gaI hatI chatAM-nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM cekhA zabdomAM ketarAvyuM che keRestored the glory of SatavahanaszAtavAhananI kIrti punarUpArjana karI 25. vaLI (22) vizeSa hakIkta mATe juo AgaLanA pArigrAphe. (23) nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM 46 rAka lakhyo che. juo uparanI TI. naM. 12. keA. re. prastAvanA pRSTha pa9 upara nAsika zilAlekha naM. 35 nI hakIkata juo. temAM amayanuM nAma, mahAkSatrapa nahapANa tathA 46 nI sAla I. sarva hakIkata lakhAyelI che. (24) jue che. A. ke. prastAvanA. pR. 31 pArigrApha. 44. (25) koIne ema prazna uddabhave ke gatamIputre kItine punaH prApta karI te hakIktanI, paMkti zilAlekhamAM che eTale satya tarIke te mAnI laie, paNa te kIrtine nahapAse ja khaMDita karI hatI ema kayAM ullekha che ke ApaNe nahapAnA vRttAMtamAM tene utArI beThA chIe tenA javAbamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] vizeSa ullAsamAM AvI putranI yazagAthA gAtAM gAtAM lakhAve che ke, Destroyed the Sakas, Yavanas, Pahalvas etc. and rooted out the Kshaharatas= zaka, yavana ane pavAjha che. te mArI nAMkhyA tathA kSaharATAnu ( teA ) nika Mdana ja kADhI nAMkhyuM 26 A zabdothI majakura zilAlekha kAtarAvanAranA manamAM zuM zu ramI rahyuM hAvu joie tenI sahaja kalpanA karI zakAya tema che. rAjya vistAra vaLI jo temAMnA zabdo vize bArIkAIthI vicAra karIzuM te nahapANu ane rUSabhadatta upara temaja temanI jAti upara te zilAlekhanA kAtarAvanAranA hRdayamAM keTalI badhI ghRNA27-tiraskAra praveza karI rahyo haze tenuM mApa paNa te uparathI kADhI zakAya che. temaNe temAM Destroyed Sakas etc.=zakapAte nAza karyAM emaja lakhyu che, jayAre Roted out the Kshaharatas= kSaRsrATa prajAnuM nikaMdana kADhI nAMkhyuM hatuM evA zabdo lakhyA che : ane ema te ApaNe nahapANunA ( I. sa. pU. 114 ) samayathI A gautamIputra zAlivAhananA ( i. sa. 78 ) samaya sudhI traNa vaMza sattAmAM hatA, ( 1 ) ujainImAM gabhIla vikramA dityane 'za. ( 2 ) dakSiNamAM rAtavahana vaMza ane (3) sArAmAM saharATa athavA zAhIvaMza. A traNamAMthI eka jaNAe ja zatAhana vaMzanI kIti'nI uNapa ANI hoI zake. temAM na, 2 vALI sattA te pote ja che eTale te teA bAda karavI ja rahI, na, 1 vALI sattAmAM uttarAttara nabaLA rAjanA ja amala Avye jatA hatA ( je temanA ItihAsa ovAthI khullu' thAya che) eTale jyAM peAtAnu ghara saMbhALavAnI ja trevaDa na heAya tyAM bInanA ghara upara te caDAI zI rIte laI jaI zake? A pramANe be sattA bAda karatAM trIjI rahI na. 3 vALI; ane tenuM nAma ja nahapANu ane rUSabhadattane vaza ke jemaNe sAtavAhana vaMzanI ujjavaLa kIrtine kALA DAgha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 203 joI gayA chIe ke, rUSabhadatta pote zaka hatA ane nahuSANu te kSaharATa hatA. temaja te ee maLAne aprapati zAtakaraNIne harAvyA hatA. eTale A enA vaMzajo upara ja zAtakaraNI athavA zAtavAhana vaMzIne haDahaDatuvera cAlyuM Avatu hatu. temAMye gautamIputranA pUrvajone harAvavAmAM rUSabhadatta ! mAtra hathiyArarUpa ja gaNAya, jyAre nahapANa sattAdhArI hAi. tene AjJA karanAra hAvAthI khare| ane kaTTo verI to te ja gaNAya; mATe rUSabhadatta uparano verabhAva darzAvavA mAtra Destroyed the Sakas=zakaprajAno nAza karyAM, kala karI nAMkhI evA sAdA zabdaprayAga karyAM; jyAre nahapANa taraphanA tiraskAra ane vera darzAvavA te Rooted out the Kshaharatas=kSaharATa prajAnuM nikadana kADhI nAkhyu.28 evA AkarA zabdo vAparI, potAnA dilanA rASAgni-khApa ThAlavI kADhayA hAya ema samajAya che. vaLI A vAtane khIjI rIte Teko paNa maLe che ke, A banAva lagADayA hatA. (26) kA, AM. re-pR. 104--Had extermi nated the race of Kshaharatas=kSaharATa praznanA uccheda karI nAMkhyA hatA. ja. bAM, kheM. rA e, sA. 1928 nu' pustaka pR. 65. ( 27) A dhRNA kevI hatI te jovI hoya tA pu, 2 mAM sikkAna. 75 nu. varNana jue, temAM nahapANanA sikkA upara A gAtamIputre peAtAnuM mahAkUM ane chApa paDAvyAM che. jethI nahapANanu maherU paNa dekhAya ane uparathI peAtAnuM paNa dekhAya. (28) keTalAka ema dhAre che ke gAtamIputre nahupANa ane rUSabhadattane potAne ja mAryA hatA, paNa te banavA yogya nathI; kemake nahapANI ane rUSabhadattanA samaya I. sa. pU. 74 che jyAre gAtamIputranA samaya i. 08 che, eTale ke benI vaccenu' aMtara ja lagabhaga www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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204 nahapANano [ caturtha i. sa. 78 mAM banyA pachI gautamIpura zAta- karaNIe potAnA pUrvajonI gAdInuM purANuM sthAna je paiThaNa (ke juneranI AsapAsamAM) hatuM, ane jene tyAga karavo paDyo hato te pachInI (i. sa. pU. 114+78=192 ) be sadI jeTalA lAMbA gALAmAM tenI je hAlahavAsI thaI gaI hatI te badhI durarata karavA mAMDI hatI. ane tema karavAmAM pAMceka varSane samaya vItI gayo hate. daramyAna pitAnuM mRtyu nIpajyuM hatuM eTale tene putra je pulumAvI zAtakaraNa nAma dhAraNa karI gAdIe beThA hatA teNe ja varaMguLamAMthI gAdI pheravIne pAchI mULasthAnamAM punarUhAra karelI paiThaNa nagarImAM ANu hatI. ane paiThaNanuM badhuM bAhya svarUpa pheravI nAkhavAmAM Avela hevAthI tenuM navuM nAma paiThaNane badale naravara athavA navanagara-navInagarI pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ATalo laMbANa khulAso e mATe kare paDyo che ke, zAtavAhana vaMzavALAone harAvIne temanI rAjagAdInuM sthAna temanI pAsethI jhuMTavI levA mATe, nahapANane keTalI jabaradasta mahenata uThAvavI paDI, haze tene tathA tenA pariNAme banne vaMzanI prajA vacce keTalA tIvra pramANamAM roSa pragaTa haze tene, temaja rANI baLathIe je zabda lekhamAM ketarAvyA che tenuM vAstavikapaNuM keTaluM ke tene, vAcakavargane pUrepUro khyAla Ave. aMdhapati upara A pramANe chata meLa vavAthI temanA mulakane sAre je bhAga nahapANanI svAdhInatAmAM Avyo hato. tethI ja ItihAsakArone0 lakhavuM paDayuM che ke " His dominion comprised a large area, extending from Southern Rajputana to the Nasik and Poona districts in the western ghats and including doDha varSanuM che eTale nahapANa ane rUSabhadattanA vaMzanene harAvyA hatA ane mAryA hatA ema ja samajavuM. ke. A. 2. 5 105mAM lakhe che ke -The dekacendants of Nahapana were exterminated by Gautamiputra-getamIputre nahapAnA vaMzajone vinAza karI nAMkhyo hato. ja. bAM, che. 2. e.se. navI AvRtti pu. 3. 5. 14:-The figures on coins prove conclusively that Nabapana & Gautamiputra were not contemporaries but were separated by a very long period-sikkA uparanA AMkaDAothI ni:sahapa sAbita thAya che ke, nahapANa ane gautamIputra samakAlIna rahetA ja; balake benI vacce ghaNuM moTuM aMtara hatuM. i. e. pu. 37, 5. 43-The mere mention that Gautamiputra Satakarani extinguiished the kshaharat family does not imply that he defeated Nahapana himself. He might have defeated a weak descendant of that prince=gatamIputre kSaharATa manane harAvI hatI eTalA sAdA zahethI kAM ThatuM nathI ke teNe nahapANane khudane ja harAvyA hatA. tenA vaMzamAM thayela koI nabaLA rAjAne paNa harAvyo hoya. o. hiM. i. (trIjI AvRtti) 5. 21- Nabapana was dead before Gautamiputra extirpated his family and clan-1911 tenI nati ane vaMzane vivaMsa karI nAMkhe te pUrve nahapANa te maraNa paNa pAmI cUkyo hato. (29) A hakIkatanA varNana mATe juo ja, beM. che, je. e. se. navI AvRtti rU. 3 (aMka zaMkAmaya che.) (30) jIo a. hiM.i. trIjI AvRtti 5.29. ke, e. i. 5. 10.

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pariccheda ] Peninsula of Saurastra in Kathiawar-tenA rAjyanA vistAra meTA pradeza upara hatA; temAM dakSiNa rAjapUtAnAthI 1 zarU thaine, pazcima ghATamAM AvelA nAsika ane punA jIllA temaja kAThiyAvADamAMnA saurASTranA dvIpakalpa paNa AvI jatA hatA. sara kaniMgahAma sAhekhe paNa uparane maLatA ja abhiprAya uccA che. 2 the rAjyavistAra ApaNe jotA AvyA chIe ke, mau vaMzI samrATa aza|nA rAjyano aMta AvyeA tyAM sudhI pUrva hiMdanA magadha dezanI ane tenA sAmrAjyanA pATanagara pATilaputranI ja vAtA bahu sabhaLAtI hatI. te bAda mahArAjA priyadarzita jyArathI avaMtimAM ujajainImAM rAjagAdI pheravI nAMkhI tyArathI magadhanuM nAma paNa kAma letuM jaNAtuM nathI ane tethI rAjA nahapANe pU hi'nu' magadha jItI levA ke sara karavA kadI mITa (31) kharI rIte teA tenA mulakanI pazcima hrada DeDa siMdha prAMta sudhI ane vAyavya khUNe satalaja nadI sudhI paheAMcatI hatI; kemake bhramanA rAjye ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe, ke tenI sattA A pradeza upara hatI; paNa bhramaka ane nahapANa vaccenA zuM sagapaNa saMbaMdha hatA te atyAra sudhI kAi paNa ItihAsakAre ropyuM jaNAtuM nathI. eTale bhramakanA vArasA nahapAne maLyA hatA te hakIkata teethI anamAM ja rahI gaNAya; jethI karIne rAjapUtAnAnI dakSiNethI naDupANanA rAjyanI hada zarU thatI hatI ema tenu' mAnavu' thayuM che. (32) kA, e. I. pu. 104:--As his dominions embraced Prabhas in Kathiawar, as well as Braganza ( Broach) to the north of the Narbada with Sopara and Nasik to the south, his capital was probably at Ujjain=kAThiyAvADanuM prabhAsa, temaja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 205 sarakhI paNa mAMDI hatI ke kema ? te jo ke jaNAyuM nathI; chatAM saMbhavita che ke te tarapha teNe dukSa ja karyuM lAge che. matalaba ke, tenA rAjyanA vistAramAMthI pUrva hiMdu bakAta rahyo hatA. sa hiM'danA uttara bhAgamAM Avela je surasena ane pAMcAla dezavALA bhAga hato. te upara tenA jAtabhAI mahAkSatrapa rAjIvula-sAdAsanuM ane paMjAba-takSilAvALA bhAga upara mahAkSatrapa lika ane pAtikanu rAjya pravartI rahyuM hatuM. jaNAya che ke te banne sajAtIya ane svadharmAM badhugmA upara mIThI najara ja tene rAkhavI paDatI hatI. eTale svAbhAvika che ke, A badhA kSaharATa prajAnA saradArAe paraspara saMgaThana karIne mitrAcArI paNa bAMdhI ja hAvI joie ema keTalAka aitihAsika banAvA uparathI ApaNe kahI zakIe tema chIe.4 kemake temanA darekanA manamAM eTaluM te vasI gayu. hevu' narmAMdA nadInI uttare Avelu' gregenDA ( bharUca ) tathA tenI paNa dakSiNe AvelA sApArA ane nAsikanA samAveza tenA rAjyamAM thatA heAvAthI sabhavita che ke tenu rAjanagara ujainI zahera haro, ( 33 ) ke pachI te bhAga avaMtipatinI ANamAMja cADhyA AvatA hatA. mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che ke tyAM svataMtra vaza ja rAjya calAvye AvatA hatA. kAraNa ke mAya vazanI eka zAkhA tyAM TheTha ( jIe, pu. 2mAM dazaratha ane zAlizukanA pariziSTanI hakIkata ) I. sa. nI chaThThI ke sAtamI sadI sudhI rAja calAvatI itihAsamAM najare paDI che, ne ke pATaliputra zaherane te zuMgavI samrATa agnimitra nAza karI vALyA hatA eTale te samaya pachIthI rAjanagaranu sthaLa pheravI nakhAyuM harI; bAkI te vaMzanI sattA te| cAlu ja rahelI, (34) A mATe jIe rAjIpula mahAkSatrapanu. vRttAMta AgaLa upara. tyAM dhArmika prasaMge A traNe rAjavIe ekatra thayA mAlUma paDe che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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206 joie ke, te kAi paNa svataMtra rAjakartI kAmanA sIdhA vArasadAra nRpati nathI, tema A hiMdanI bhUmi te sarvene parabhUmi jevI che ja. eTale koI aDIbhIDIne samaya AvI paDaye te traNee paraspara madadamAM AvIne khabhekhabhA milAvI UbhA rahevAthI ja sarvetu kAma sarI zakaze. AvA siddhAMtane anusarIne naRspANune uttara hiMdanA kAi paNa pradeza taraph najara sarakhIye karavAnuM mana thAya tema nahetu' ja. pachI te je jItavuM rahyuM te mAtra dakSiNu hiMdustAna ja; ane tenA upara ApaNe joi gayA chIe te pramANe, phattehamadIthI jIta meLavI lIdhI ja hatI. eTale pachI koi vizeSa pradeza meLavavAnA tenA rAjyaleAla zamI gayA hatA ane hiMdanA madhya bhAga-the heart of India-upara ja zAsana calAvavAnA satAya pakaDI rAkhavA paDyo hatA; tethI karIne peAtAnI prajA mATe leAkakalyANanA mArga yeAjI te pUrA pADavAmAM ja peAtAnA zAsanakALanA zeSa bhAga gALavAnuM teNe zreyakara dhAryuM hatuM ane te pramANe ja pote varyAM che, je ApaNe AgaLa uparanA varNane nIhALIzu. nahuSANanI rAjagAdI kahevata che ke, eka galatI ke bhUla jo karavAmAM Ave te tenA AdhAre je je hakIkatA geAThavAya temAM paNa bhUla ja thavA pAme che ane tene riNAme bhUlAnI eka hAramALA ja UbhI thaI jAya che.35 hiMdu upara caDI AvanAra dareka paradezI prajAnA AkhA ItihrAsa lakhavAmAM rAjagAdInuM sthAna tathA tenA sikkA (35) A kthananA dRSTAMta tarIke, mArA prakAzananA bhAga khIne jI; jemAM kevaLa mA 'zanA saghaLA pratApI rAjavIonuM ja varNana apAyuM che ane adyApi pata jANavAmAM AvelI hakIkatathI te keTaluM jIduka Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ catu Dagale ane pagale A ja sthiti mAlUma paDe che. amArUM' A kathana keTale darajje satya che te A paradezI prajA saMbaMdhI atyAra sudhI je kAMI jaNAyuM che te sAthe, atre vadhu velu temanu' vRttAMta A pustakanA AkhA ye chaThTho khaMDa ja temane mATe alAyado kADhavA paDyo che te-sarakhAvI khetAM turataja vAcakavargane jaNAI Avaze. je pramANe nakkapANunA pitA bhUmakanA pATanagara vize matabheda hAvAnuM jaNAyu' che te pramANe A nahupAhunI rAjagAdInuM sthAna TharAvavAmAM paNa banyu che. keTalAke madhyamikA nagarI TharAvI che tA keTalAke punA pAsetu' jItera TharAvyuM che; tA .vaLI keTalAka, vartamAna dvaitalAmanI pAse AvelA madaseArane te pada arpe che; tyAre vaLI koSTaka te sthAna tarIke ujjainone gaNAve che. Ama bhinnabhinna mata tenA sthAna saMbaMdhI paDe che. kharU' zuM che te tapAsIe. eka vidvAna jaNAve che ke:-36 The Capital of the kingdom of Nahapana was probably at Junner & not Mandasore as suggested by Prof. D. R Bhandarker. Nahapana's rule was in all probability a long and prosperous one-nahapANunA rAjyanuM pAyatakhta zahera sAvasA jInnera hatu, paNa preA. de. rA. bhAMDArakarasUcita maMsAra nahetu.. sa saMbhavita sa MjogethI ( jaNAya che ke ) nahupANatA rAjaamala dhaNA dI kALI tathA samRddhi tarI Ave che te uparathI khyAla paNa bAMdhI zakAro. ( 3 ) jIe ja, khAM, 5. rA. e. se. navI AvRtti ( tenI sAla dhaNuM karIne 1928 nI che, ) pu. 3, pR. 64, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] tathA sikkAo 27 - --- --~- vaMte hatA. A zabdothI puravAra thAya che ke, nahapANanA rAjapATanA sthaLa vize uparamAM je ullekha meM karyo che te pramANe aneka vidvAnanuM maMtavya thAya che; paNa uparamAM prasaMgopAta jANavAnuM banyuM che tema nAsika, kArlA, sapArA, punA ke junera athavA tenI AsapAsanA kaI paNa pradezamAM jyAM jyAM nahapAnA zilAlekha maLI AvyA che ane je sarvene itihAsakAre nAsikanA zilAlekha-( Nasik group nAsikano samUha kahIe to paNa cAle) tarIke gaNAve che te sarve sthaLo prathama to, zAtavAhana vaMzI rAjAonI hakumatanA ja sthaLa hatAM ane te jamIna upara te mAtra yuddha ja laDavAmAM AveluM che. alabatta, te sarve yuddhomAM eka pakSe nahapANa ane sAmA pakSe zAtakaraNIo hatA. ane pari- NAme je pakSanI jIta thaI hoya teNe ahIM nahapANane pakSa jItyo hato ema jaNAyuM che- phAve te yuddhanA prAyazcitta arthe, ke phAve to puNyanAM sAdhAraNa kAma karavAnuM jema dareka manuSyanI pharaja samajAya che te pramANe, pharajane aMge koI dharmakArya A nahapANe te sthAnamAM karAvyAM dekhAtAM hoya, to tethI kAMi nizcayapaNe ema TharatuM nathI ja, ke tenI rAjagAdInuM sthaLa paNa A pradezamAM ja hatuM. je je zilAlekhomAM A sthaLonAM nAmanA ullekha thayA che temAMnA koIpaNamAMthI tevI matalabane te sthAna rAja- nagara heya te-koI Azaya nIkaLI zako heya, evo eka paNa udgAra ApaNe vAMcIne chUTo pADI zakatA nathI; eTale pachI tevA stha. bemAMthI koI ekanI, rAjagAdInA sthAna tarIkenI kalpanA karavI te paNa hadabahAra nIkaLI gayA jevuM gaNAze. alabatta, teTale darajaje sAcuM gaNI zakAya ke, te te sthaLe tenI hakumatamAM teNe chatIne meLavI lIdhela hatAM; temaja te vize lezamAtra zaMkA paNa rahetI nathI. have savAla rahyo madhyamikAne ane utte. nIno. prathama te madhyamikA kayAM AvI tenA sthaLane ja nizcaya haju sudhI karI zakAyo nathI. paNa bhUmakanA vRttAMtamAM je cAra-pAMca sthAne tenI rAjadhAnInA zahera tarIke jaNAvI gayA chIe temAMnuM koI eka hAya ( juo uparamAM pR. 191thI AgaLa ) te te bhUmakanI hakumatamAM hoI tenA gAdIvArasa tarIke nahapAnuM paNa pATanagara te sthAna bane, te svAbhAvika ja gaNAya. vaLI te jyAM sudhI mahAkSatrapa rahyo hato tyAM sudhI teNe jALavI paNa rAkhyuM hatuM, ema kahevAmAM jarAye khoTuM nathI; paNa pachI jyAre tenA bhAgyane sitAre caDavA mAMDyo ane avaMti jevo deza-ke je jItavA mATe samasta bhAratavarSanA hiMdu rAjAo uparAuparI tuTI paDatA hatA evI prasiddhi ane mahattvatA dharAvatA mulakaje pitAnI sattAmAM AvI paDe te pachI ochI agatyatA dharAvatA sthAna upara pote rahevAnuM cAlu ja rAkhyA kare ema zA mATe ApaNe dhAravuM joIe ? alabatta, jUnuM ane bApIkuM sthAna na mukavuM-old is gold-te siddhAMta ApaNuM sAmAjika vyavahAramAM bhale lAgu paDatA haze kharA, paNa rAjakIya nItine aMge te, jema te nIti anya kAryo paratve sAmAjika rItethI aneka rIte bhinna paDe che, tema gAdIsthAna ke je paNa rAjakIya nItinuM eka pradhAna aMga ja gaNAya che te paratve paNa teno jude ja rAha hoya to navAI jevuM zuM gaNAya? ane banyuM che paNa temaja; kemake jevo avaMtine pradeza teNe jItI lIdhuM che ke turataja rAjagAdI avaMtinI rAjanagarI ujainImAM ANI, tyAM ja

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108 .. peAtAnA rAjyAbhiSeka karAvyA che, ane hiMduprajamAM atipriya tathA vahAluM gaNAtuM temaja pratibhAdarzoka rAjapadane zAlatuM evuM " rAjA " nAmanu birUda dhAraNa karyuM che. eTaluMja nahI paNa te banAvanA smAraka tarIke, rAjA " nI padavI sAthenA potAnA nAmanA sikkA paNa paDAvyA che.37 ( jue pu. 2. pR. 132 upara sikkA citra paTa na. 2. AkRti na. 37) A banAva kSaharATa saMvata 4=4 sa. pU. 114=ma. sa. 413 mAM banyA che. A uparathI ema paNa samajI zakAze ke je sikkAomAM tenuM nAma kSatrapa tarIke chapAyuM hAya ane temAM jo sAla chApI ja hAya tA 45 athavA tenI nIcenA ja kAi AMka hAi zake. paNa potAnA bApanI gAdI upara mahAkSatrapa tarIke kSaharATa saMvata 45-46 mAM te kheThelA heAvAthI, jyAM jyAM mahAkSatrapa OU nahapANanI rAjagAdI e ( 37) nahapANanA rAna birUdavALA sikkA be natanA dekhAyA che: ekamAM avaLI bAjue ( pu. 2 mAM sikkAnuM citrapaTa na. 2 mAM AkRti na 37 ) tenA pitA bhUmakanA sikkAne maLatAM cihna che. jyAre bIjAmAM avaLI bAjue ujjainanuM cihna che. ( nnu citrapaTa naM. 4 AkRti naM. 5; jemAM tenI savaLI bAjunA caherA upara gatamIputre peAtAnI chApa mArI che ) eTale ema dhArI zakAya che ke, prathamanA sikko ava Mtipati khanyA ke turatamAM ja paDAvela, jyAre ujainInA cihnavALA pAchaLathI paDAvela, ( 38 ) kaiA, A, re. prastAvanA pR. 59. zilAlekha na, 35-On the coins, the title Kshatrap or Mahakshatrap does not occur. Unlike Bhumaka, Nahapana is always called * Raja ''=( nahapANanA ) sikkA upara, bhUmanI peThe kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa ( zabda ) nevAmAM AvatA nathI, te haMmezAM ' rAna " jakahevAya che. vaLI nIcenI TIkA na. 39 tathA 40 jue. (39) 3 / , AM, rU, prastA. 59. zilAlekha na', [ catu tarIkenA sikko hoya tyAM tyAM mAtra eka ja AMkasaMkhyAmAM 45 nI ke kAM 46 nI-najare paDI zake. paNa jeve te atipati thayA tevA ke te pachI tA, rAjA tarIkenA ja sikkA paDAvyA che. tethI kSaharATa sa. 46 pachInA dareka sikkA upara rAjA nahapANu '' evu birUda ja ApaNe vAMcIzuM; ane eTalu paNu cAkkasa samajavuM ke kadAca gheADAtraNA sikkA ( 45-46nA AMkavALA ) upara mahAkSatrapa zabdaOM chapAvA pAmyA haze tA tevA teA bahubahu tyAre mAtra eka va pata ja cAlela hAvAthI bhAgyeja te birUdavALA sikkAo adyApi maLI AvatA hoya, athavA to kAM teNe ja te sarve ekaThA karAvIne gALI naMkhAvyA na hoya ? Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat .. sAra e thayA ke, kSaharATa saMvata 45 sudhInA badhA sikkA kSatrapa nahapANu ''nI r 35-The family designation kshaharata is omitted: and this is the only occur rence of the title of Mahakshatrap as applied to Nahapana=tenA kuLanuM nAma kSaharATa je che te paDatuM mUkAyuM che, ane nahupANane mahAkSatrapanuM birUda lagADAyuM aAya tevA A phakta eka ja daSTAMta che. [ ahIM je only=mAtra; eka ja; zabda lagADAyA che te ema sUcave che ke, AvA sikkA bahu juja maLI Ave che athavA eka ja AMka saMkhyAvALA mahAkSatrapanA sikkAo che ema paNa a thAya. vadhAre saMbhava eka ja AMkane levAnA che; kAraNa ke mahAkSatrapa banyA pachI cha ATha mAsamAM ja te rAjA banyA che; eTale ke mahAkSatrapa zabdavALA sikkAmAM be AMka lakhela (45 ke 46 ) maLI Ave tA ema samajAya ke tenA rAjyAbhiSeka 45 nI AkharamAM thayela ane 46 nA prathama bhAga sudhI te pade rahyo che, paNa 46 nI AkharamAM tA te rAja banyA che ja. ] sarakhAvA uparanI TIkA na, 38 ane 40 mAM ApelI hakIkata, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda . tathA rikAe chApanA, saMvata 45-46 nA sikkA te "mahA. kSatrapa nahapANa" nI chApanA jANavA ane te bAda je je chapAvAyA te sarve upara "rAjA nahapANa"nI chApa aMkti karAI che ema samajI levuM. vaLI tenuM-rAjA tarIkenuM-rAjya, 40 varSa jeTalI lAMbI muddata sudhI cAlyuM che eTale rAjA nahapANa"nI chApavALA sikkA je asAdhAraNa moTI saMkhyAmAM (tenI bIjI chApavALA sikkA karatAM ) mudrita theyelA maLI Ave che tenuM kAraNa paNa tene rAjA tarIkeneavanipati tarIke-dIrghakALa sudhI cAlu rahela A vahIvaTa ja che ema samajI levuM. nahapAnuM rAjya avatimAM hatuM te hakIkata sAbita karavA mATe te kaI anya purAvAnI jarUra ja rahetI nathI. kAraNa ke teNe be jAtanA sikakA " rAjA napANa" tarIkenA paDAvyA che. (binene tapAvata zuM hoI zake tenA khulAsA mATe uparamAM TI naM. 37 juo). temAM bannemAM savaLI bAjue pitAnuM mahoruM tathA rAjI nahapANu tevA zabdo che ane avaLI bAjue eka jAtanA sikkAmAM, jene sikkA zAstrIoe "ujananuM cinha-Ujjain symbol " tarIke oLakhAvarAvyuM che tenuM citra che. eTale te avaMtipati thayo hato ema nirvivAdita sAbita thaI cUkyuM ja gaNAya. ane tema thayuM eTale tenI rAjagAdI paNa ujainImAM43 athavA vidizAmAM nizcayapUrvaka thaI cUkI ja gaNavI rahe che. nahapANe je eka khAsa viziSTatA pitAnA sikkAmAM dAkhala karI che te A sthaLe jaNA. vavI jarUrI che. te e ke, atyAra sudhInA koI hiMdu samrATe-pachI te magadhane heya, ujenIne hoya ke, kaliMgane heya paNa koIe-sikakA upara pitAnuM mahoruM citarAvyuM ja nathI, jethI rAjA nahapANe ja pitAnuM maheNuM chApavAnI prathama zarUAta karI kahevAya. alabatta, paradezI prajAnA saradAre to mAruM pahelethI paDAvatA AvyA che ja. eTale A nahapAnA daSTAMtathI e hakIkatanI kAMIka jhAMkhI kabUlAna maLe che ke, tenI jAtinuM mULa, zuddha Arya prajAmAM nahotuM : ( 4 ) ke. A. ke. pR. 65 TIpaNa naM. 1 mAM paNa te pustakanI prastAvanA pR. 59 vALA zabda che. (juo TI. naM. 38 tathA 39) vaLI pArI. 88 mAM lakhela che ke -Nahapana bears the title " Raja" together with his family name Kshaharata, but in one of them is he styled Kshatrapa or Mabak: batrapa=16pANe potAnA vaMzanuM nAma je kSaharATa che tenI sAthe rAnanuM birUda dhAraNa karela che. paNa koI upara kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa birUda sAthe tene aMkita karela jovAmAM Avato nathI. (uparanI TI, naM. 37-38 mAMne khulAse vA. have samajaze ke mahAkSatrapanA sikkA zA mATe nathI maLatA athavA maLe che te bahu ja juja saMkhyAmAM) (41) nIcenI TIka naM. 43 juo. (42) juo pu. 2 sikkA citra naM 75 tathA tene lagatuM varNana. (43) ke. . re. prastAvanA pR. 103 TI. naM, 1-It may be observed that there is the record of certain benefactious of Rishabhadatta at Ujjain which must therefore presuviably have been included in Nahapana's doinions=eTalI noMdha levI paDe che ke, rUbhatte ujanImAM keTalAMka dAna karyAno ullekha maLI Ave che. eTalA mATe jarUra kahI zakAya ke, nahapANanA rAjyamAM ujainIne samAveza thate devo joIe ja. 27

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210 athavA dhArA ke jamUdrIpanI ApraznamAM hatu te paNa yavanaprajAnI44 ke zAThIpanA koi vasAhatanA 5 saMskAranI chApa tenA mana upara paDI cUkI hatI ja. A kAraNane lIdhe teNe temanuM anukaraNa karyu` lAge che, lekavRttine tenA rAjyamAM le ka thru tti ne sattASAtI hatI nahapANanA rAjye jema rAjakIya kSetra tema sAmAjika kSetre ane leAka-kalyANanA kAryo karavAmAM paNa tenA janmASTa rUSabhadattanA ja mATe hissA vizeSataH rahetA haze ma jaNAi Ave che; pachI tevI pravRtti| . te svecchAthI AcaratA ke rALa naDapANunI cha! ane preraNAthI dhapAvate, te nakkI karavAnu sAdhana ApaNI pAse nathI; paNa nahupAzunuM zailya tathA khIjI rIte dareka buddhi ane pAkaTa vaya jatAM. ema svAbhAvika anumAna karAya che ke AvAM sarva kAryomAM tenA taraphathI ja mA ane hukamA rUSabhadattane maLatAM rahetAM hovAM joie, tema bIjuM kAraNa kAMIka manAya che te A pArIgrAphamAM AgaLa va yu . eTale pachI prajAhitanAM je kAryo nahapANa ke rUpabhadattanA nAme caDayAM dekhAya che te pradhAnapaNe naDapANunI AjJAthI ja karAyalAM che ema ApaNe lekhavu paDaze chatAM rUSabhadattane paNa anyAya na thAya te mATe tenA vRttAMta lakhatAM keTalIka ( 14-45 ) yavana aTale grIka; ane rAdvIpane i vasAhata eTale bekaTrIansa athavA yena nahupAhune ApaNe kSaharATa prajAne TharAjyeA che ane laharATa prazna upara cavana tathA yAna prAnA sarakAra paDayA hatA ja, te ApaNane DimeTrIasa ane minenDaranA zrRttAMtathI paNa bhaNavAmAM AvyuM che. A badhI bAbatAnA samanvaya karIzu te saskArane lagatI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat huM catu hakIkata tyAM jaNAvavI paDaze. eTale ahIM te sarve saMkSiptamAM jaNAvavuM ye!gya dhAryuM che. ane tema karavAmAM ame amArA potAne! abhiprAya kAi prakAre rajU karIe te karatAM judA judA vidvA nAe je zabdemAM temaNe potAnu maMtavya jaNAvyuM che te asala rAkhkho ja ekAda vAkaya jevaDA nAnA pramANamAM TAMkI batAvIzu. eka lekhake46 tenA AkhAye rAjyanI samAkSeAcanA eka nAnakaDA sarakhA vAkayamAM ja karI dIdhI che, te A pramANe che. His reign Was in all probability a long and pro perous one=tenu rAjya dareka bAjue tapAsatAM dIrgha samayI ane mRduzAla hatuM ema kahI zakAya. ATalu kahIne pachI te ja lekhaka peAtAnA abhiprAyane kAMka vizeSa spaSTapaNe vyakata karatAM jaNAve che ke Trade with western countries thrived during his reign; his lenefactions were between Brahamins and Baddhists : ferries, rcst-houses places for drinking water and public halls are some of the comforts that he bestowed on his subjects. But what rebounds mostly to his credit is his revivl of Nigmsabha =tenA rAjya amala daramyAna, pazcima dezA sAthenA vepAra hakIkata upara ma prakArA paNa paDe che tema ApaNe je jevana karatA AvyA chIe te barAbara che-sAMdhAra che; paNa kAlpanIka nathI-ema paN sAbita thatuM naya che. (46 ) nuA, ja, khAM, bre. ii, e, se. navI AvRtti pu. 3, 1928 tu' pustaka pR. 64, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] saMpAvI hatI 21 khUba phAlyo hato teNe brAhmaNa ane bauddha. cted at various places. Wells were dharmIo48 mATe dAna dIdhAM che. pitAnI prajAne dug upon the way, stands for free je keTalIka sukha-sagavaDatAthI teNe navAjI hatI distribution of water were raised temAM, macchavAo-hoDIo, dharmazALAo-vizrA- in many places and ferri-boats masthAne, piyAvA pao, temaja vyAkhyAna- Were povided to cross some of the gRha sabhAmaMDape nAmo gaNAvI zakAya kharAM, rivers. Whatever the condition of paNa temAMye tenI nItine je vadhAre jhaLakAve the for varnas in ancient times, che, te te tene nigamasabhAne 9 punarjIvana ApyuM horrsoever strict the restrictions abo. hatuM te che." eka bIjA lekhake rUpAdA vize ut connubium and commensality,durlakhatAM, upara pramANe ja ane lAgalaga tevA ja ing the early part, at any rate there bhAvArthanuM lakhANa lakhyuM che eTale ke ApaNe was undoubtedly amalgamation beje uparamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe, ke nahapANa tween them during the time of the ane rUSabhadattanAM kAryo bhale judAM judAM nAma taLe foreign kshatrapas=vaTemArguone rAhata apAyAM haya, te paNa tene nahapAnAM gaNavAmAM maLe te bAbata uSavadatta bhAre kALajI rAkho. vAMdho nathI, te ApaNI mAnyatAne samarthanarUpa aneka jagyAe teNe samarasa-vizALa musA gaNAze. temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke, 50 Ushavdatta pharakhAnAM banAvarAvyAM hatAM; rastAmAM kuvAo looked to the comforts of travellers. khodAvyA hatA. ghaNI jagyAe maphata pANInI Quadrangular rest-houses were ere- para baMdhAvI hatI. temaja keTalIka nadIo (47) A ja pramANe brAhmaNane jamADavAnuM temanuM sAhitya anya vidvAnethI gupta rAkhavA prayAsa biMdasAranA khAte ItihAsakAroe caDAvyuM che, paNa te 'se che. eTale vidvAne te tevA sAhityanA abhAve vicAra ke bhUla bhare che te pu. 2, mAM tenuM varNana tene abhyAsa paNa zI rIte kare ? ane abhyAsa na karatAM jaNAvAyuM che. (juo pu. 2, pR. 222 tathA tenI kare te pachI abhiprAya te zI rIte ja Ape? bAkI TI. naM. 69) kharI rIte te kArya samrATa piyadarinanuM che temaNe potAnuM sAhitya sarva mATe khulluM mUkI hatuM (juo tenA caritre) te ja pramANe nahapANe dIdhuM hatuM, te atyAre bhArata dezanA ItihAsanI sthiti paNa ghaNI bAbatomAM priyadarzinanI rAjanIti grahaNa taddana judI ja hota. karelI dekhAya che. AgaLanA vAkayonI tathA dAnapatranI (49) priyadarzinanA khaDakha lekhamAM tathA zreNikanA hakIkta sarakhAvavAthI khAtrI thaze. varNanamAM A zabda vaparAya che ke kema te jovuM. (48) prAcIna kALanA ItihAsanuM jyAM jyAM (50) jIo ja, be, che. ra. e. sa. 1927nuM vidvAnoe Alekhana karyuM che tyAM tyAM, brAhmaNa ane pu. 3, bhAga bAjo. biddha A be dharmAnuyAyIo nuM ja sUcana karAyuM che. (5) sarakhA priyadarzinanA khaDaka lekhomAMnI jayAre te samaye te traNa dhamALAonuM astitA hatuM vigate. namANanI rAjanIti keTalIya bAbatamAM ema ApaNe prathamanA be pustakathI jANI cUkyA chIe. priyadarzinane anusaratI hatI te bAbatanI khAtrI mATe eTale je trIja dhanuyAyI je che tene to jANe ke ka atihAsika ghaTanAnuM punarAvartana " kAI oLakhatuM ja nathI ema sthiti dekhAya che. temAM nAmane AgaLa AvatA pArigrAphanuM varNana deSa janone ja pradhAnapaNe gaNu rahe che. kemake temaNe jue.

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212 lakavRttine [ caturtha utaravA mATe heDIo rakhAvI hatI para prAcIna samaye cAra varNonI game te sthiti haze, temaja te bAda-kAMka pUrva samaye-roTI ane beTI vyavahAranA eTale paraspara lagna karavA saMbaMdhI ane khAvApIvA saMbaMdhI game teTalA sakhta patibaMdho haze,pa3 chatAM kahevuM joIe ke A paradezI kSatranA samaye te te sarvemAM ni devapaNe ghaNuM ja mizraNa thaI javA pAmyuM hatuM" jayAre mi. majamudAra pitAnA reTa lAIka nAmanA pustakamAM pR. 37 upara lakhe che ke"There were many castes and sub. castes; distinct groups must have existed from the earlier period and these ultimately developed into classes and castes=jJAti ane peTAjJAti te hatI ja.54 pUrvanA samaye svataMtra samUha hovA joIe ja ane temAMthI Akhare varga ane jJAtio udbhavI hatI."55 uparanA svataMtrapaNe uccArelA vidvAnonA abhiprAyothI te samayanI sAmAjika sthitinuM tathA rAjA nahapANe temAM karelI loka kalyANanI vividha pragatinuM, ApaNane keTaleka aMze jJAna thaze. eTaluM jaNAvI A pArigrAphanI AdimAM jaNAvyA pramANe A sthiti dekhAvAnuM kAraNa je ka9pI zakAya che te have jaNAvIzuM. bhUmaka pite mahAkSatrapa thaI gayo hovA chatAM tenA sikakA kSatrapa biradavALA ja mAtra sAMpaDe che tema koI zilAlekhamAM tenA kartA tarIke tenuM nAma ja gotyuM jaDatuM nathI : te ja pramANe nahapANa paNa mahAkSatra ane rAjA thayo hato, chatAM tenA siDAmAM kSatrapa nahANa lakhata dekhAya che ane zilAlekhomAM paNa moTe bhAge kSatrapa birada joDeluM ja najare paDe che, jyAre rAjA ane mahAkSatrapa biradavALo ne zilAlekha ja nedhA mA paDe che. tema te sarvemAM mukhya sahAyaka ane dAtA tarIke te tenA jAmAtA rUdattanuM nAma jyAM ne tyAM hAjara ja che. A badhI hakIkatanuM samIkaraNa karIzuM to ema samajAya che ke, bhUmaka jyAre gAdIpati thaze tyAre te 50 nI umara TapI gayo hato. tema nahapANa paNa pote gAdIe beTho tyAre mahAkSatrapa kaho ke rAjA kahe, bemAMthI game te padavI lyo-teTalI ja balake tethI paNa moTI umare pahoMcI gayo hato. ane bannee 50 uparanI umare gAdIe AvyA chatAM cALIsa ane tethI vadhAre varSanI avadhi sudhI rAjapada bhogavyuM che, eTale ja A baMnee pitA potAnA rAjakALa daramyAna te tadana zAMtithI ja ane upekSA vRttithI ja jIvana gALavAnuM pasaMda karyuM haze ema dekhAya che, paNa pitAnA pitAnA rAja amala daramyAna jema nahapANe pine bhayuvAna hovAthI dhamapachADA, (52) te vakhate nadIomAM kevAM pura AvatAM ho tene khyAla A u5rathI Avaze (sarakhA pu. 1, pR. 16, TI20) kayAM te vakhatanI jalapuNa nadIo ane kayAM hAlanI sUkIsama nadIo ? (53) nAta-jatanA vADA te baMdhAyA hatA ja. temAMya kadAca vedikadharmI zaMgavaMzI amale tene jora maLyuM haze, paNa A paradezI-bhUmaka, nahapANa vigerenA amale te zithila thavA pAmyA haze. AgaLa ApaNe joIza ke teo je dharma pALatA hatA tenuM A pariNAma hatuM. teone dharma jana hatuM eTale te paNa sAbita thaze ke jana dhama amuka jJAtine AthIne nathI ja gaNate. je koI manuSya te pALe tene mATe khullA ja che evuM tenuM vizva caMpakapaNuM che. (54) rArakhAvo uparanI TI. naM. 53 nI hakIkata, (55) sarakhAvo pu. 1, pR. 335,

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pariccheda ] bhArIne, eka avIratapaNe kA kartA tarIke udyAgI jiMdagI gALI aneka pradezo jItI lIdhA hatA tema rAjA mahuvAnA samaya daramyAna tenA jamAI rUpamadattanI jiMdagI paNa hovI joie. A pramANenI-pAte rAjapade meTI uMmare AvyA che eTale peAtAnI yuvAnavaye bInanI kArakIrdInA azamAM rahIne kAma karavuM paDayuM' che-vastusthiti dhyAnamAM rAkhIne jo kSatrapa bhUbhaka ane kSatrapa nahuSANanA sikakA temaja zilAlekhAmAM ALekhAyala vana ane zabdo upara vicAra karIzuM te sarva sthiti ApoApa taddana satya svarUpamAM ApaNane turata jaNAi Avaze. mahArAjA priyadarzinanA samayamAM tenA rAjyanA je keTalAka prAMtIya vibhAgeA pADavAmAM AvyA hatA temAM eka apa keTalIka rAMtanA prAMta paNa hateA, tathA aitihAsika tenuM rAjanagara seApArA nagare ghaTanAnuM hatu' ema ApaNe jaNAvI punarAvartana gayA chIe ( jue pu. 2, pR. 358 ) vaLI tyAM potAnA taraphatho eka khaDakalekha UbhA karAyA che. AvA lekhA UbhA karavAnA hetumAM jaNAvyu che ke te sthaLe tenA rAjakuTuMbanA koIkanu lehI reDAyu hAya athavA kudaratI rIte bharaNa thayu hovuM joie; paNa te sthaLe kA sAthe priyAnane laDAI thai hoya ke tenA putrane athavA kauTubikate tyAM koi kAraNasara yuddhamAM utaravuM paDayuM. hAya ema adyApi paryaMta jaNAyu nathI. eTale ema anumAna karavuM rahe che ke, tyAMnA sUbAnuM ja te sthaLe maraNa nIpajyuM haze ane te sUryo peAtAne kAi najIkanA khezI jana ja haze. jyAre khezI janane sUkSmApade nImyA re tyAre e paNa (56) true pu, 2, pR. kaparI thI AgaLanuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat satASAtI hatI 213 nakkI ja thayuM gaNavu` ke te vibhAganI upaye|gitA rAjadvArI najare tene vizeSapaNe lAgI hatI. dakSiNa hiMdanA pazcima kinArA upara uttarabhAge AvelA eka prAMtanI A pramANe sthiti thaI : teja pramANe tenI dakSiNe AvelA bIje prAMta, jene teNe keralaputa nAma ApyuM che. tyAM paNa pAtAnA eka kuTu khIjanane nImyA haoN prema tyAM UlA karelA traNa zilAlekhamAM ALekhAyelI hakIkata uparathI ApaNe sama zakIe chIe. jema hiMdI dvIpakalpanA pazcima kinArAnI sthiti hatI tevI ja pUrva kinArAnI paNa hatI. te kinArAnuM nAma kArAmAMDaLa kahevAtuM hatuM, athavA kahe ke ApaNe te nAme tene atyAre oLakhI rahyA chIe, te kinArA upara paNa priyadarzi`ne te ja sthiti UbhI karI hatI. alabatta, temAM phera eTalo rAkhavA paDayA hatA ke te sthAne potAnA kAI kuTuDaMkhIne navA sUbA tarIke nImyA hetA, paNa te kinAre uttaranA bhAgamAM pallava jAtinA cAlAvaMzI ane dakSinA bhAgamAM pAMDayava'zI rAjAone amala cAlu rakhAvyA hatA. vaLI ApaNe pu. 1, pR. 313, 377 tathA pu. 2, pR. 357 TI. na. 23-24-25 mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke A ante rAjavaMzIo mULe lacchiIM kSatriyA ja hatA. temAMye pallavajAti kSatriyA mauzanA eka pallava-eka zAkhA-jevA ja hatA. matalaba ke, mA banne rAjakartA kharI rIte te priya. darzina samrATanA bhAyAtA ja hatA. tethI ja teNe petAnA zilAlekhAmAM A e rAjavIone Bordering Landssarahada upara AvelA pradezonA rAjA tarIke sakhAkhyA che. eTale ke teNe temane peAtAnA AjJAMkita janA tarIke gaNyA varNIna, khAsa karIne rR. 358 tu' paheluM Asana, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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214 be avaMtipationI [ caturtha che kharo, paNa tAbedAra te na ja gaNA. A sthitinI jANa eklA zilAlekhathI ja ApaNane thAya che ema nathI, paNa te pradezamAMthI maLI AvatA sikkAo sudAM te ja hakIkata bata vagADIne pokAre che; kemake mAMDaLa kinArAnA pradezamAMnA sikkAo upara be saDhavALuM vahANa citaryuM 57 ane bIjI bAju priyadarzinanuM ekatika cihna je hAthI che te citaryo che. matalaba ke, hiMdI dvIpakalpanA AkhA pUrva kinArA upara paNa priyadarzinI sAthe samabhA darzAvatA mitra rAjAone amala cAlato hato. A pramANe dIpakalpanA bane kinArA upara samrATa saMprati uphe priyadarzinano-sIdhI ke ADakataro para kAbU kate hato ne hato ja. A kAraNane lIdhe dariyAmArge hiMdano saMbaMdha samrATa priyadarzinanA samaye pUrvamAM arabastAna ane tethI AgaLa vadhIne AphrikA, misara ane grIka sudhI9 tathA pazcime sumAtrA, jApA sudhInA dUradUra pradeza sAthe joDAyelA rahe ane tethI vepArane ghaNuM ja uttejana maLatuM hatuM. temaja " vAre vasati nI " nI 60 kahevata anusAra deza samRddha paNa hato. A nItine anusarIne ja rAjA nahapANa paNuM samudrataTa pitAnI AzAmAM (57) juo pu. 2, pR. 118 sikkA naM. 81 varNana. vaLI nIcenI TI. 58 juo. (58) ADakatare eTalA mATe ke, priyadaninA pitAnA kauTuMbika jananI tyAM sattA na hoya, paNa anya rIte saguM thatuM hoya tenI sattA hoya. ahIM AMdhrapati zAtaragI sAtamAnuM rAjya hatuM je samrATa priyadardInane sALa thato hato ( juo pu. 2, pR. 26. TI. naM. 43 tathA pu. 2, pR. 310 tathA tenI TIkAmA ) (59) priyadarzinanA je pAMca samakAlIna paradezI rAjAonAM nAme khaDakalemAM ApyAM che te hakIkata meLavavA athAga jahemata uThAvI hatI. tenI pratIti ApaNane je laDAio te vAraMvAra nAsika kAryA, epAro june pradezamAM laDyA karato hato te uparathI maLI Ave che. ne gAdIpati bane tyAre pitAnA tAbe, bharUca ane surata jillA paLe eTale ke narmadA ane tApI nadIthI phaLadu bane tapA ne baMdaravALo bhAga tathA sAbaramatI ane mahI nadIne mukhavALo khaMbhAtanA akhAtavaLe bhAga 2 tA tene vArasAmAM maLI cUkyo hato ja; paga gujarAta prAMtanI dakSiNe Avela bhAga-dakSi | gujarAta tathA kaTIvALo aparAMtane pradezanene tAbe nahIM hoya ema majAya che, kemake avaMtipati zuMgavaMzI nabaLA rAjAonA rAja amale AkhA dakSiNa di upara-samudrataTane prAMte sahitaAMdhrapatinI sattA jamAvaTa pAmI hatI. eTale ja te pradeza pitAne karI le vizeSa lAbhakAraka che ema rAjA napAnI cakora ane dIrgha rAjadaSTie joI lIdhuM hovuM joIe; ane te kAraNe ja tyAM uparAuparI cakAo laI javAnuM dhAraNa teNe aMgIkAra karI lIdhuM haze. AthI karIne pine rAjapade Avyo te pahelAM paNa A samudrataTanA pradeza upara humalA laI jaIne tyAM para A kathana che ema samajavuM. (10) vartamAnakALe pAzcAtya prajAe A sUtrane anusarIne ja potAnI rAjanIti racI rahyA che te sA keInI jANamAM haze. (61) sarakhAve A pustakamAM minenDaranA vRttAMtamAM ItihAsakAra mi. vinseTa smithanuM kathana pR. 156. (62) AthI sAbita thaze ke, baMdaranI kiMmata ane te dvArA vyApAra calAvavAnI kaLA, Arya prajAne I. sa. pU. nA trIjA saikAthI paNa jANItI che ( priyadarinanA samayathI) te pUrve paNa haze ja; ba9ke rAjA zreNikanA samaye paNa jANItI hatI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ]. sarakhI rAjanIti 25 - - - - - - - - pitAnuM baLa pAtharyo ja hato; 13 temaja kaTake kaTake te deza jItI laI, tyAM dAna paNa daI, tevAM AzayanAM dAnapatro tathA zilAlekhe vigere UbhAM karAvyAM hatAM, jethI tyAMnA prajAjanone sadbhAva pitA tarapha vaLate jAya. vaLI ekamAM te yuva- rAja jevA jamAI rUSabhadatta tathA putrI dalamitrA sAthe 15 potAnA mahAmaMtrI ayamanuM nAma paNa vAMcavAmAM Ave che. eTale te pradezanI kevI bhAre agatyatA te te samajatA haze ? ke jethI potAnA aMgata evA eka nahIM, be nahIM, paNa traNa traNa mahApuruSane tyAM mokalI ApyA che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te pradezamAMthI AMdhrapatinI sattA taddana nAbUda thaI jAya temaja koI kALe pAchI sthApana karavA mAMge te paNa te ativikaTa prazna banI jAya tevuM tene Ava- zyaka dekhAtAM, AMdhrapatine tenI rAjadhAnInuM nagara asala sthAnethI khaseDIne AMtarika pradezamAM jarA Aghe laI javAnI pharaja pADI hatI. AvuM pagaluM bharavAthI kevuM hADohADavera zAtakaraNa vaMzanA rAjavI sAthe sadAne mATe teNe vaherI lIdhuM hatuM te ApaNe joI gayA chIe. nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM paNa baLathI be ke tarAvela zabdonI gaMbhIratA ane mahAtA vAcakavargane have barAbara samajAI haze. badhA nivedanathI eka ja vAta sUcavavAnI ke rAjA napANane paNa samrATa priyadarzinanI peThe samudrataTane pradeza pitAne tAbe karI levAnI agatA pUrepurI 1I hatI ja; ane tethI ja te sAtha sAdhavA mATe haMmezA ciMtavana karyA karato hato ane ane te laya rA bAda ja jaMpIne beThe hato. jemAM samudranATI kiMmata AMkata hatA tema saritA pravAhane 9 paNa vyApArika upayogamAM levAne teNe ochuM lakSa nahotuM ApyuM. tenI khAtrI teNe je Ferriboats-machavA, heDI vigerenI adhika rasagavaDatA karI ApyAnuM jANIe chIe te uparathI Apa vaka', (63) hAlanI pAzcAtya prajAoe paNa vyApAranI vRddhi mATe, pazcima hiMdanA kinAre pArAnI najIkanuM ja bAphe pitAnA baMdara tarIke pasaMda karyuM che (jene ApaNe hAla muMbaInuM taratuM baMdara" kahIne saMbaMdhIe chIe) matalaba ke, A taTanAM sthAnonI kiMmata paNa te vakhatanA rAjavIone jANItI hatI. (64) A pramANe prajAne saMtoSa meLavI zakAya che te paNa rAjanItinuM eka aMga ja lekhAya che. (65) jyAre jamAI ane putrIne ja jyAM ne tyAM AgaLa karyA che te batAve che ke, nahapAne putra nahote, paNa yuvarAjanuM sthAna ane javAbadArI badhAM rUSabhadattane mAtheja lAdyAM hatAM. vaLI nIcenI TIkA naM. 67 sarakhA.) (16) A hAkatathI samajaze ke, zilAlekhamAM amayanA nAma sAthe je AMka joDAya che te 76 nahIM paNa 46 ne ja che, eTale ke raji nahapAnA rAjakAra, kIrdinA prAraMbhano ja che, uparamAM "chotera ke beMtAlIsa vALe pAre vAM. (67) mahAamAtyane paNa A pradeza sadhI meka che te batAve che ke, A dera chata tene mana bahu ja upagI ane hADohADa vAta banI gaI hatI, (19) paiThaNamAMthI Aghe bhItaranA pradezamAM jyAM varaMguLa rAhera AvyuM che. tyAM ja ke tenI AsapAsanuM sthAna haze. aMhI pUrve paNa aMgrapatinI gAdI thoDo samaya rahI gaI hoya ema banavAgya che. (juo. pu. 1, pR. 157) eTale A prasaMge paNa Apadu dharma tarIke teno svIkAra kare paDa hoya, te rAjya vistAramAM darzAvelI hakIkata sAthe sarakhAvo. (69) hAlanI sthiti sAthe sarakhAve. pahelAMnAM baMdaro jevAM ke tApI kinAre surata, narmadAnuM bharUca,mahInuM khaMbhAta tathA kAvI, sAbaramatInA mukha pAse AveluM dholerA vigere je jaho lAlI jogavI rahyAM hatAM te varta, mAnakALe sarva baMdha thaI gayAM che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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216 nahaSANa ane [ caturtha Nane maLe che. matalaba e thaI ke, jema mahArAjA priyadarzina vepAravRddhine mATe satata kALajI dharAvato hato tema rAjA nahapANa paNa tenA jevo ja lAMbI najare kAma levAvALo rAjavI hatA. tethI ja te banne rAjAnI prajA saMtevI ane sukhI banI rahI hatI. te ja pramANe te bannene rAjyaamala paNa janakalyANakArI gaNAIne vakhaNAyo hato tathA rAjyanI saMgInatA ane majabUtAI paNa vizeSa manAtI hatI 70 ( sarakhAvo pR. 156 upara TAMkeluM a. hi. I nuM aMgrejI zabdavALuM avataraNa tathA tene lagatI TI. naM. 44 temaja A pArigrAphe TI. naM. 1, 2, 63 nI hakIkata. ) - rI nahapANa eka to atipati banyo che. vaLI teNe eka hiMdu rAjAne zobhe tevuM "naravAhana, nabhavAhana' avaMtipati vALuM nAma temaja "rAjA" hovA chatAM nAmanuM biruda paNa dhAraNa kSatrapa sAthe karyuM che. eTale jema anya varNana kema? avaMtipatinA vaMzane iti- hAsa pRthaka pRthaka pariccheda ke khaMDa pADIne varNave che, tema rAjI nahapAne paNa eka svataMtra vaMza lakhIne teno itihAsa judo pADavo je te hato; paNa tema na karatAM atra sAmAnya lekhAya, tevA kSatraponI nAmA- vaLImAM ja kema tene dAkhala karyo haze? tevI zaMkA koInA manamAM uddabhave, te tenA khulAsAmAM jaNAvavAnuM che, tema karavAmAM paNa keTalAMka viziSTa kAraNe che. jemake ( 1 ) tenA zilAlekhamAM ane sikkAomAM kSatrapa zabda ja mukhyatayA vaparAya che ane tethI vAcakanI samajaNa phera thaI na jAya, tema bIjI rIte tene samajavAmAM guMcavADo ubho na thAya, teTalA mATe kSatrapane anusaratA ja sthAne tene goThavavAnuM yogya lAgyuM che. (2) vaLI tenA vaMzamAMthI mAtra te eka ja purU' e thayo che ke jeNe avaMtipatinI gAdI zobhAvI hoya, eTale eka purUSane vaMza The kevI rIte varNavavo ? atyAra sudhInA koI paNa dezane itihAsa dhI vaLo te evo eka paNa dAkhalo hAtha nahIM lAge ke jyAM eka vaMzano eka ja rAja thayo hoya. eTale paNa AvA sthApita dhAraNathI aLagA paDI jaIne apavAda mArgamAM utaravAnuM lojame nathI lAgyuM. tyAre koI ema prazna uThAvaze ke, to pachI nahapANanA jamAI rUpabhadattanuM kema ? zuM te tene gAdIyAsa nahoto. uparanI TI. naM. 65 mAM te tame tene rAjA nahapAnA yuvarAja tarIkenI saghaLI javAbadArI uThAvI lete bata be che. Ama karIne tame tene anyAya karI rahyA che te tenA uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, (1) vabhadatta prathama te avaMtipati tarIke abhiSikta ja tha nathI. (2) bIjuM te kAMI ekalo ja nathI paNa tenA vaMzamAM lagabhaga ATha daza rAjA thaI gayA hovAnuM jaNAya che. alabatta, temanAM nAma ane jIvananA vAstavika banAvo adyApi taddana aMdhArAmAM paDI rahyAM che teTaluM kharuM; chatAM mAnavAne kAraNe maLe che ke, temane ekaMdara rAjaamala I. sa. pU. 0 thI I. sa. 78 sudhInA 15ra varSa payaMta cAvyo che. (3) Galata 241 42 Shali Kings of Saurastra=saurASTranA zAhI rAjAo evA upanAmathI thoDe aMze oLakhAvyo lAge che, (70 ) jue u5ramAM "tenA rAjyamAM loko vRttine saMtevAtI hatI " vALA pArigrAphanuM varNana,

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pariccheda ] caSThaNanI jAti 217 eTale ke tene nahapANa saharATanA vaMzaja, vArasadAra ke tenA dataka tarIkenA anugAmI tarIke lekhavAmAM AvyA ja nathI. A pramANe aneka kAraNe maLavAthI rUSabhadattanuM vRttAMta atre na lakhatAM eka svataMtra pariccheda taLe ja lakhavAnuM TharAvyuM che. upara pramANe sarva aitihAsika paristhiti hevAthI, have samajAze ke zA mATe nahapAnuM vRttAMta svataMtrapaNe ALakhavAmAM nathI AvyuM, temaja tenA jIvananI aneka ghaTanAe tenA jamAI rUSabhadatta sAthe otapreta thaI gaI che; chatAM tenAthI paNa tene zA mATe chuTA pADI nAMkhavAmAM Avyo che. paradezI prajAnA itihAsamAM ane temAM paNa kSatrapa birUda dharAvatA rAjakartAo je je hiMdanA ItihAsa sAthe saMbaMdha nahaSANa ane dharAvatA manAtA AvyA che caSmaNanA te sarvemAM, je koine rAja- saMbaMdha vize amala vizeSa prabhAvazAlI ane mahatvapUrNa banAvI bharapUra mAluma paDyo che, te te mAtra be purU ne ja che. temanAM nAma nahapANa ane caNa che. A bannene rAjakArabhAra jema prabhAvavata ane yazasvI nIvaDe che tema te bannene rAjatvakALa paNa dIrgha samaya karyo che. vaLI banne jaNAe kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa, svAmI temaja rAjAnAM birUda meLavelAM che.91 A pramANe aneka rIte banenI sAmyatA hevAthI, vidvA e temane ekaja kuLanA athavA te eka kuLanI judI judI zAkhAnA hevAnuM dhArI lIdhuM che. temAMnA nahapANanAM rAjadvArI jIvanane keTalAka paricaya, prasaMge upasthita thavAthI atra apAI gaye che, jayAre ca9Na vize te haju cethA pustakamAM ane te paNa tenA aMta bhAge ja nivedana thavAnuM che. eTale benI vacce aneka rIte sAmyatA hovA chatAM, je viSamatA che te to tyAre ja mAlUma paDaze; chatAM atre je eka mudde jaNa vo Avazyaka che tenI ja carcA hAtha dharIzuM. rAjA nahapANe potAnA sikakAmAM pitAnI oLakha mATe kSaharATa zabda vAparela hevAthI tenA vize ApaNe aMdhArAmAM gothAM khAvAM paDe tevuM bahu rahetuM nathI; jyAre ca9Ne pitA mATe kyAMya paNa, eka zabda vAparyo ja nathI; jethI tenI anya oLakha mATe vividha kalpanAo upajAvI kADhavI paDe che. te sarvene ullekha to tenAM vRttAMta karIzuM. atre te eTaluM ja lakSamAM levAnuM che, ke jema nahapANane kSaharATa kahI zakIe chIe tema cakaNane vizeSaNa lagADavuM te agamya muddo gaNAve che. eTale vidvAnee eka mArga lIdho samajAya che ke, kSaharATane eka gotra (family)74 (71) juo temanA sikkAo (pu. 2 mAM naM. 37 tathA 4ra) temaja uparanI TI. naM. 14, (72) A uparAMta te banenA dhama vize paNa pANI ja sAmyatA hatI (ghaNI ja eTalA mATe lakhavI paDI che, ke temAM kAMIka bheda paNa haze ema mane lAgyuM che, kadAca te bheda na paNa heya; paNa te zaMkAnuM samAdhAna na maLe, tyAM sudhI teTale darajju bheda hevAnuM mAnavuM paDe che, paNa te ahIM meM nathI jaNAvI; kemake vidhAnae dharma bAbatamAM koI rAjavIo vize vicAra ja karyo nathI koI eka be jaNItA apavAda sivAya) eTale te vAta huM ahIM karavA besuM te te asthAne gaNAze. (73) 5. 2, sikkA naM. 37 juo. (74) jAo uparamAM bhUmAnA vRttAMta, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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218 nahuSANa ane [ caturtha athavA vaMza (Race) ke jJAti (Stock) jevuM lakhI kADhayuM tathA je paradezIo bahArathI hiMda upara caDI AvyA chey5 ane jemanAM nAma avaMtipati tarIke ke tenI AsapAsanA pradeza upara sattAvAhI thayA che temAM mAtra zaka tathA hiMdI zakaprajAnuM nAma ja vizeSa jANItuM thayela hevAthI A nahapANane te prajAne sabhya banAvI dIdhe; tema caSaNa vize te kAMI tevuM jaNAyuM ja nahotuM. vaLI te paNa hiMdanI bahAra ja vatanI hata-jo ke tenuM janmasthAna ke deza vigere kAMI jaNAyuM nathI ja. tema zodhI kADhavA prayatna tho hoya evuM paNa dekhAtuM nathI eTale tene paNa zaka karAvI dIdhe; kemake te benI vacce aneka prakAranuM saumya te hatuM ja; je sthiti ApaNe A pArIgrAphanA AraMbhamAM jaNAvI cUkyA chIe. malaba kahevAnI e che ke, saMjogane anusarIne temaja sAthe sAthe kalpanAnA baLane mukta karIne A banne sattAdhikArIne zaka jAtinA-jene lithiansa kahevAya che, athavA hiMdamAM vasavAthI InDa-sithiansa paNa kahevAI zake che-TharAvI dIdhA che. temAM nahapANanI sAthe kSaharATa zabda lAgela hovAthI te kSaharATa zabdane, jJAti ke prajAnuM nAma na lakhatAM, tene mAtra gotranuM nAma96 mAnI lIdhuM che. vidvAnoe grahaNa karela A mArga keTalA darajaje grAhya che, athavA te agrAhya ane bhUla bhareluM hoya, to tenAthI zuM zuM aniSTo etihAsika daSTie nIpajyAM che, teno ApaNe tAga levA prayAsa kara rahe che. vizeSa vistAramAM na utaratAM chevaTane mAre je anumAna-nirNaya thayo che. te prathama jaNAvI daIza ane pachI te mATenAM kAraNo jaNAvIza. nirNayamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke te bemAMthI ekake ja zaka ja nathI. tema te bannenI jAti ja judI che. ane je jAti judI ja che te pachI te benI vacce kaI paNa prakArano sagapaNa saMbaMdha hovAne prazna ja udbhavato nathI; jyAre kAramAM ja vavAnuM ke - (1) gautamIputranI mAtA rANI baLazrIvALA nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM jaNAvAyuM che ke - " Gautamiputra destrogel the Sakas, Yavanas and Pahalvas etc.... & rooted out the Kshaharatas=gautamI putre zaka, yavana ane pahalAjha vi. nI kala karI nAMkhI. temaja kSaharATonuM% jaDamULathI nikaMdana kADhI nAMkhyuM. " A hakIkatathI ema te spaSTa ja thaI gayuM ke, jema zaka (Scythi. ans ) 494 (Greek or Bactrians ) z4a 466919 ( Persians & Parthians ) judI judI prajA che tema kSaharATa ( Inhabi (75) pArthiansa, bekaTrIansa, palavAi ane zaka: A cAra nAma temaNe paradezI prajA tarIke gaNyA che. pahelA traNa prae bahu bahu te paMjaba, pAMcAla ane susena upara ja amala calAvyuM che. mAtra zA prajae ja madhya hiMdamAM praveza karyo hato. (76) sarakhA uparanI TIka naM. 74 tathA juo nIcenI TIka naM. 78. (77) mULa mATe juo ke, A. ke. prastAvanA pRSTha 36, pArigrApha 44; tathA avataraNa mATe uparamAM juo 5. 202 ane 203. (78 ) jyAre zaka, yavana, palyAjha ane kSaharATe sarvenAM nAma eka sAthe levAyAM che tathA temAMnI prathama traNane prajA tarIke oLakhAya che. te pachI kSaharATane paNa prajA tarIke ja lakhavI rahe che. chatAM gotranuM nAma lakhavuM te bhUla kahevAya ke nahIM? (juo uparanI TIkA naM. 75 tathA 77. )

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paricacheda ] caMNanI jAti 219 tants of Camboja ) yeye aty ayer of the Gbgamika, the father of ChasprajA che. ane nahapANu kSaharATa hevAthI tene shana is scythictra eTaluM nakkI che ke, zaka prajAne sabhya kahI na ja zakAya. bIjI vAta A nahapAnuM nAma IrAnI che tathA caSaNanA pitA zilAlekhathI ema siddha thaI jAya che ke, zaka, bamatikanuM nAma zaka jAtinuM lAge che." A yavana ane pakahavAjhanI kala thaI gaI hatI. eTale uparathI eTaluM te mi. themasanA manamAM paNa ke A traNe prajAnAM je je mANase yuddhamAM ugyuM dekhAya che ke, nahapANa ane ca9Na eka utaryA hatAM te sarve kapAI mUAM hatAM. paNa jAtinA to nathI ja. bhale pachI temaNe te temanI AkhI prajAne te nAza-vidhvaMsa thaye darekanI jAti mAnI levAmAM bhUla khAdhI hoya. nahato ja. paNa te prajAnA ghaNAM mANase jIvatAM (3) mi. resanane abhiprAya" ema rahyAM hatAM, jyAre kSaharATonuM nikaMdana ja kADhI 4149 $-Western Kebatrapas (me. naMkhAyuM che. eTale ke temane koIpaNa mANasa aning Chasthana family ) were bacata ja rahevA pAmyo nahato H tema jyAre first called the Sab ( meaning mANasa jIvate ja nathI rahyo tyAre te te prajAnA Shahi! dynasty-a wrong reading nAma upara ApaNe tALuM ja mArI devuM paDe che. of the " Sinha or Sen" which eTale ke, gautamIputranA samaya pachI koI kSaharATa forms the second part of so many prajAne mAnavI zodhyo jaDe, tevI sthiti ja rahI of these names=pazcima dezanA (te upara nathI; jyAre bIjI bAju ApaNe te ema sAbita amala dharAvatA ) kSatrapa (ca9Nu vaMza kahevAne karI zakIe chIe-AgaLa upara jaizuM ke- mAMge che) ne prathamamAM zAhavaMzI (zAhIvaMzI) gautamIputranA maraNa pAmyA bAda ja cakaNunI gavAmAM AvatA hatA. te vaMzane ghaNA utpatti che. have vicAre ke je kSaharATenuM nAmonAM bIjA padamAM "siMha ke sena" (zabda) nikaMdana gautamIputre kADhI nAMkhyuM hoya te prajAne Ave che tene badale bhUlamAM A zabda ( zAha) mANasa gautamIputranA maraNa bAda hoI zake khare? vaMcAya che." temanA kahevAne tAtparya e che jo tema na banI zake che, pachI cai gune kSaha- ke, cANanA vaMzajomAM ghaNAMkharAM nAmane che! rATa prajAne paNa na ja kahI zakAya; ane teTaluM " siMha ane sena" lAgela che. tethI temanA siddha thayuM te, kSaharATa nahapANuthI cakaNu vaMzane agAu "zAhavaMzI" tarIke gaNavAmAM bhinna ja prajAne thaI cUkyo kahevAya. AvatA hatA, paNa have vizeSa abhyAsathI (2) mi. themasanuM maMtavya ema che mAluma paDayuM che ke teonA vaMzane ke-It seems certain that the name "zAhI " nAmathI oLakhAvavo te bhUlabhareluM Nahapana in Persian and that of che. jyAre ApaNe AgaLa rUSabhadattanuM varNana (7) ja. ro. e. se. 1906, 5. 221. ke zAha athavA tene maLatA uccAravALA nAmathI (80) jue. ke. re. prastAvanA 5. oLakhAvA ja nathI. tene khare bheda tenuM varNana 107 nuM TIpaNa. karavAmAM Avaze tyAre samajo. juo pustaka (8) kharI rIte te tenA vaMzane paNa zAhI 4 nA aMte.

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220 lakhatI vakhate sAkhita karIzu` ke mAtra tenA vaMzane jazAhI kahI zakAya tema che; je kAraNathI rUSabhadattane zAhI kahI zakAya tema che te ja kAraNathI nahapaNane paNa kahI zakAya tema che. eTale ke nahapANane hajI zAhI kahI zakAya paNa cakSaNa teA zAhI nathI ja; jethI banne judI judI olAdamAMthI utarI AvelA temane lAgyA che. ( 4 ) prA. elDanabatu' kahevu. vaLI A pramANe thAya che ke-Kshatrapa inscriptions ( at Junagadh and Jasdon ) contain nothing similar titles, Shahi, Shahenshahi, Saka or Devaputta which are found several times connected with those in the legend= ( jasadaNa ane jUnAgaDhavALA ) kSatraponA zikSAlekhAmAM, zAhI. zahenazAhI, zAka athavA devaputta jevA kAra hAddAonA ullekha thayA nathI khAte, ke jenA upayoga A kathAmAM vAra'vAra thaela dekhAya che; eTale ke caNanA vaMzane AvA haddAo joDAyalA jAtA nathI; jyAre (82) ApaNe sarakhAmaNI karavAnI che. caNa ane nahapAnI, temAM rUSabhadattanuM nAma ja levAnI jarUra nathI, kemake nahapANu ane rUSabhadatta zale sasarA jamAi thAya che, eTale eka jJAtinA dhArI rADhAya, paNa mAgaLa jatAM samAro ke te banne eka jJAtinA ja nathI, ahI A dalIla eTalA mATe utAravI parI che ke, rUSabhadatta ane nahapANa ! bhUma vigerene ' zAhI 'irAnI zahenazAhata sAthe kAMika sukhadha hatA ( jue nIcenI dalIla na. 4); jyAre caNane temAMnu kAMI ja nathI. (83) iM. e. pu. 10. pu. 233 ( DhAkhA hAthanA kAlama) jue. (84) sarakhAvA uparanI TIkA na.92 nuM lakhAgu. nahumANa ane Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ catu tehAddAo nahupANI ane rUSabhadattane avAranavAra lagADavAmAM AvyA che.83 kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, temanA matathI nahapANu ane caNu judI ja prajAnA saradAre! hAvA joie. ( 5 ) mi. rUpsana nahapANanA sikkA bAbata caryAM karatAM ema dalIla kare che 685Arrow, Discus and Thunderbolt... which may therefore be supposed to be the device of the dynasty... Bhumak's distinctive type was "Lion-Capital and Dharma-Cakra=ATalA mATe kAmaThuM, vajra ane gadAne te ( nahapANanA ) varSAMzanA cihna 6 tarIke dhArI zakAya-bhUmakanI (tenA vaMzanI ) khAsa oLakhamAM (paNa) siMhuMvALA staMbha ane dhamayavDa (nI nizAnI) che." jyAre caRnA sikkAnuM varNana karatAM jaNAve che ke, tene Star & Moon=sUryacaMdra ( tArA ane caMdra) che.88 temanI kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, nahapANu ane bhUmakanA sikkAAmAM kAmaThu, vajra, gadA, 'ihasta'bha, dharmacakra (85) juo. AM. re. prastAvanA puSTha 169, pArA 141. (86) jAe tenA sikko pu. 2, na. 37. (87) jIe tenA so pu. 2, na. 36-35. A cihnonA artha zuM thAya te mATe tenuM vana pu. 2, pU. 97 jI. (88 ) jIe tene sikko pu, ra, na. 4: AnuM varNana karatAM mi. repsane pAtAnA vicAra jaNAnya che 4 ( bruko. mAM, rU, prastAvanA pR. 113, pArI. 92) This Sun & Moon " shows Par. thian Origin= sUrya ane cadrathI sAkhita thAya che ke temanu mULa IrAnI prajAmAM che [mArU' TIpaNu. A kalpanA khATI che te ApaNe pu. 4 nA aMte cakSaNa 'za vironI hakIkatamAM neIzuM] www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] Adi cihno che; jyAre caoSNunA sikkAmAM sUrya caMdranI ja nizAnIo che. eTale ke nahupAzu ane caoSNunA sikkA paraspara maLatA AvatA nathI; jethI ema jarUra kahI zakAya ke, te banne eka ja prajAnA nathI ema dekhAya che. mi. vinseTa smitha9 pazu nahupAhunA sikkA vize vivecana karatAM mi. repsananA upara TAMkula abhiprAyane maLatA ja udgAra kADhe che. te te vaLI sAk zabdomAM jaNAve che ke-The coin. age of Chasthan and his successors is quite different (from that of Nahapana, Hagama and Hagamasha= caNu ane tenA anujonA sikkA ( narkapANu ane hagAmAzanA sikkAothI ) tadana nirA LAja che . ahI kauMsamAM lakhela akSara me umeryAM che; paNa mi. smithanA upara pramANenA zabdo nahapANa che. tuM varNana lakhatAM uccA rAyalA hovAthI vAcakavargane jaldI samajaNu paDe eTalA mATe mAre joDavA paDayA che. A uparathI samajAze ke nahapANu ane caNu judI ja jAtinA che. ( 6 ) nahapANunA sikkAmAM je zabdo lakhAyA che. te khare|ThI bhASAnA jyAre ; caNanI jAti (89 ) jIe a. hi. iM, trIjI AvRtti pR. 217, ( 10 ) pu. 2 mAM na. 42 nA sikko batAvyA che temAM caRNanA pitAne 'rakSA' zabda nerela lAge che, sakhAvA uparanI TI. naM 71 tuM lakhANa, ( 1 )ju buddhiprakAza putra pu. 80, aMka 1, pU. 55, lekhakanuM nAma dhanaprasAda ca`dAlAla munazI che, ( 12 ) jayAM sudhI mArI jANamAM che tyAMsudhI prathamanA zAMDA rAjAe A upAdhigrahaNa rI lAgatI nathI, chatAM atyAre A viSayanI carcAmAM utaravAnu` prayeAjana nathI, sarakhAvA uparanI TI, na', 14, (93) A svAmi zabda svataMtratA:cA che ke kema, te hu spaSTarIte kahI zakatA nathI, paNa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 221 .. caDhanA sikkAnI bhASA tadRna judI ja che. ( 7 ) caDhaze atipati banyA pachI paNa mahAkSatrapa nuM birUda jArI rAkhyu che, jyAre nahapANe turata rAjA nAma joDavA mAMDayu' che.90 eTale nahapANu jiMduM prajAne vizeSapaNe maLatA AvatA hatA. -- 46 60 ( 8 ) eka anya lekhaka jaNAve che ke, kSatrapa vazanA ( temanA bhAvAtha caSThavaMzane uddezIne kahevAnA thAya che ) badhA rAjAnI pUrve svAmi " upAdhi lagADelI maLe che92 vakhate esvata tratAsUcaka birUda haze. kSaGarATa vaMzanA kSatrapa ( nahapANu kahevA mAMge che ) athavA mathurAnA zaka rAjAonI (rAjIvula vigere kahevAnA Azaya ze ) pUrve e birUda lagADelu jaNAtuM nathI. '' jethI lekhaka mahAzayane mata ema thAya che (1) kSatrapavazanA eTale caDhavazI rAjA. potAne svAmI nAmathI oLakhAvatA hatA. (2) jyAre kSaurATanA vaMzanA, eTale nahapANunA vaMzanA kSetra A upAdhi lagADatA nahAtA ( 7 ) temaja mathurAnA zaka rAjAja ke je paNa kSatrapa gaNAtA, teo paNa A upAdhi dhAraNa karatA naheAtA. mahAkSatrapanA pa6 karatAM jarUra te pada nAnuM hatu. ema tA kahI zakAya tema che ja: jene lagatuM vivecana pu 4 nA aMte caRNava'zanI hIte jIe, (94 ) mathurAnA kSatrapone temaNe rAka atinA zA uparathI jaNAvyA che te khulAsA karela nathI. [ mArUM TIpaNa-paNAkharA itihAsakAroe zaka, saharATa, calana, yAta ke tevA badhA paradezI prajAne lagatA zabdonA bhedabhAva bahu UMDANathI vicAryuM ja lAgatA nathI. jIe A khaDanA prathama paricchedamAM jaNAvela vicAra|; eTale ja aneka aitihAsika satyAne Ukela muzkelIbharyA thaI paDayo che. ] www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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222 nahapANa ane [ caturtha ATalA vivecanathI ema siddha thAya che ke, temanA abhiprAya pramANe ekaThaNa ane nahapANa temaja mathurA patio bhinna bhinna jAtinA hatA, (pachI nahapANa ane mathurA patio eka jAtinA gaNAya ke bhinnabhinna jAtinA te muddo temanA lakhANathI spaSTa thAya nahIM, te vAta nyArI che.) (9) A uparAMta caThaNanI jAti vizenI keTalIka hakIkata pustaka cethAnA aMte tenuM vRttAMta lakhatAM meM jaNAvI che. te tyAMthI joI levA vinaMti che. A sarve bhinnabhinna matadarzanane sAra eka ja vastusthiti kahI Ape che, ke nahapANu ane caNa bane bhinna bhinna prajAnA nabI- rAo hatA. nahapANanA maraNa bAda tenI gAdI upara anyavaMzI purUSano rAjaamala sthApita thaye hevAthI, madhya pradeza upara rAjya calAvatA kSaharATa kSatranuM vRttAMta saMpUrNa thAya che. have mathurAnA ane takSiAnA pradezanA zAsanakartA kSaharATa kSatranuM varNana hAtha dharavuM rahe che; paNa tema karatAM pahelAM eka be muddA kAnhAyana vaMza sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA yAda AvyA che. temAMno eka aitihAsika rIte nahapAnI sAthe jo ke khoTI rIte che, paNa tema thavAnuM kAraNa te khoTI kalpanAmAMthI ubhI thayo che eTale kahevuM paDayuM che ke tenI sAthe-saMbaMdhayukta heIne, te nahapANatA varNana sAthe, chatAM tenAthI tadana chUTe paDI jAya tema, varNavavo yogya lAgyo che. jyAre bIjo te taddana meM mArI kalpanAthI Ubho karyo che, ke tema karavAthI eka jAtanI navIna sucanA ja vicArakone ane saMzo- dhakAne dharI che eTaluM lekhavuM rahe che. kalpanAo te haMmezAM AkAzauthana-havAI kilAe samAna hevAthI, jema vAvAjhoDA ane kaMpApAta lAgavAthI bhUmizAyI paNa thaI jAya che tema A mArI sUcanAnuM aMtima paNa bhale AvI jAya; chatAM dareke dareka kSetramAM thatI zedhaLanuM prathama bIja juo, te khAtrI thaze ke-kalpanA ane akhatarA thayA bAda ja tenuM satya svarUpa pakaDAya che. eTale temAM rasa lenArAo kadIye nAsIpAsa na thatAM, prathama bhUmikAe te haMmezAM sapramANa kalpanAo raju karyuM jAya che. te pramANe meM paNa A bane muddAo eka pachI eka pArigrAphamAM chuTA pADIne raju karyA che. hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM ALekhAyelA khAravela, zrImukha ane bRhaspatimitrane samakAlInapaNe thaela judA judA pradezanA kAvAyana vaMza rAjakartA mAnavA paDyA che. sAthe temAMye bahaspatimitra ne magadha saMbaMdha pati jaNAvyuM che. paNa te nA mane kai rAjA itihAsamAM jaNAyo na hovAthI, bRhaspati te puSyanakSatranuM bIjuM nAma levAthI, bRhaspatimitra eTale puSyamitra TharAvI daI khAravela, zrImukha ane puSyamitrane sahamayI TharAvyA; ane pachI A puSyamitranA vaMzanA chellA rAjA devabhUtine, kanavaMzI brAhmaNa amAtya vasudeve athavA koIkanA mate te vaMzanA chellA purUSa suzarmane mArIne, pote kevI rIte avaMtinI gAdI hAtha karI; tathA tene ja pAchaLathI mArIne uparanA traNa bhUpatimAMnA zrImukhe kevI rIte pitA mATe avaMtinI gAdI prApta karI; te badhe chatpAdaka itihAsa jANavA yogya thaI paDyo che. temAM keTaloka bhAga pu. 1, pR. 154 thI 161 sudhI dhanakaTaka pradezanA varNane ApaNe jaNAvI dIdhuM che; temaja keTalAka je puSyamitranI Shree Sudhammaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricacheda ] caSThaNanI jAti 223 sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che te A pustake zuMgavaMzanA varNanamAM jaNAvyA che, jyAre zrImukha ane khAravelane lagatI bInA che te temanAM jIvanacaritra lakhatI vakhate varNavIzuM. paNa atra kahevAnI eTalI jarUra che ke mArA mata pramANe A kanvavaMzI pradhAnonuM sthAna jyAM ane sarvathI vizeSa saMbhavita lAgyuM tyAM,eTale ke zuMgavaMzI nRpati, enA uttara bhAga sAthe joDyuM che, jyAre anyatra sthAne te tenI tarapheNamAM ane virUddhamAM jatI dalIlonI carcA ja karI che. matalaba ke, meM mArI buddhi pramANe te temanAM samaya ane sthAnane nirNaya karI nAMkhe che ja, paNa manuSya mAtra bhUlane pAtra gaNAya che ja. eTale vAcakavarga pAse badhI vastusthiti rajU karavI te mArI pharaja che ane te uparathI je vicAra temaNe bAMdhe ghaTe te bAMdhe. atre ApaNe nahapAnuM vRttAMta lakhI rahyA chIe. vaLI tenuM nAma upara jaNAvelI hakIkatamAM kyAMya mAlUta paDatuM ja nathI, chatAM ahIM A kanRvaMzane lagatuM kAMIka jaNAvavAnI jarUra UbhI thai che te eka mudAne aMge che. te A pramANe che. ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, kanvavaMzane ekaMdara sattAkALa 42 thI 45 varSane che; jyAre zuMgavaMzanA je nabaLA rAjAo gAdIe beThA che te sarvene samahakALa 28 varSane kahyo che. vaLI temanI pahelA rAjA bhAnumitra athavA bhAga hate tene rAjakALa 15 varSane kahyo che eTaleke te savene ekaMdarasamaya 43-4ra varSa thAya; tema te sarva samaya pahelethI chelle sudhI je kanavaMzI pradhAna amala upara rahe che temane samaya paNa teTale ja eTale 42 varSane gaNo rahe. jyAre keTalAka mAMno eka pakSa ema mAne che ke, A kanva. vaMzIno amala 45 varSa rahyo che. je tene svIkAra karo te, kanyavaMzI pradhAnane amala zuMgavaMzI sattA nAbuda thayA pachI bethI aDhI varSa sudhI eTale nahapANanA rAjya cAlela gaNu paDe. paNa ApaNe nAsikanA zilAlekhathI jANI cUkyA chIe ke, nahapANanA prathama varSe paNa mahAamAtya jAma sattAdhIza hate. eTale sAbita thayuM ke, 4pa varSa sudhI sattA kanvavaMzanI rahI hovAnuM mAnanArA pakSanuM maMtavya sAdhAra nathI. jyAre bIjo pakSa vaLI ema mAne che ke (juo A parigrAphanI AdimAM) zuMgavaMzI chellA rAjA devabhUtine mAranAra te kanvavaMzI chelle purUSa suzarmana nahIM, paNa prathama purUSa vasudeva ke vAsudeva hato. je prathama purUSa tarIke khUna karanArane svIkAre ane te AkhA kanvavaMzIne pradhAnavaTAna samaya 40 thI 45 varSane che ja. te te tene artha ema karavo raheze ke te vaMzanA pradhAnee nahapANanA 40 varSanA rAjavahIvaTamAMnA meTA bhAga paryata pradhAnavaTuM bhogavyuM hatuM, je hakIkatane upara TakelA ayamavALA banAvathI virodha Ave che. sAra e che ke, kanyavaMzIne sattAkALa je 5 varSana mAne che te paNa barAbara nathI tema potAnA rAjAnuM khUna karAvanAra prathama purUSa mAne che te hakIkata paNa satya nathI. je eka praznane kAnhAyana vaMzanI sAthe sIdhe aitihAsika saMbaMdha nathI, chatAM jayAre atre te vaMzanuM vivecana cAle che tyAre tene lagatI carcA paNa bhemAbhegI karI laie te nirarthaka nahIM gaNAya. kAnhAyane vaMzanA mULa purUSa tarIke vaidika dharmavALAo, rAjA duSyata ane zakuntalAnA samayanA mahAtapasvI kanvakava rUSine mAne che ke jeo kuMvarI zakuntalAnA pAlaka pitA hatA. te te bahu ja purANa

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224 samayanI vAta che, paNa eka khIjI turatamAM ja anelI ghaTanA upara mArU lakSa jAya che. tenI satyAsatyatA tapAsavA mATe vAcakavarga samakSa rajU karUM chuM. ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke, magadhapati navamAM naMdanA samaye, pannuma deza jyAre teNe jItyA tyAre tyAMthI vidvAna purUSonI eka tripuTI te pAte bhagadezamAM lAbyA hatA. temAMnA eka pANini mahAvaiyAkaraNI tarIke nAma kADhI gayA che. khIjA kauTaltha urphe cANakaya mahAna azAstrI ane rAjakIya purUSa tarIke peAtAnuM nAma huMmezA yAdagAra rahI jAya tema amara karI gayA che. jyAre trIjA je varaci hatA temaNe rAjA naMdanA mukhya pradhAna zakaDALa maMtrInu pada jhUMTavI levA prayatna karyAnuM, paNa aMte niSphaLa thaI bhUrI hAlate paheAMcyAnuM ja jaNAyuM hatu. te bAda temanu nAma kayAMya dIpI uThyuM hAya ema jaNAyuM nathI. navamA naMdane samaya I. sa. pU 400 teA che, jyAre A kanva-kAvAyana amAtyonA samaya i. sa. pU. 156 thI 114 ne ApaNe sAbita karyo che, eTale ke banne vaccenuM aMtara lagabhaga aDhIsa vastu ja che, zuM te vararUci vidvAna jemanu kAmpAyana zabda ( +5 ) kAtyAyana uparathI bhUlabharelA kAnvAyana racAyA heAya te mATe nIcenAM cAra kAraNeA rajU karI zakAya. eka tA lahiAe lakhavAmAM ke kApI karavAmAM bhUla khAdhI hoya. bInuM kAzyAyana geAtrI varUci bAbata temane tadna ajJAnapaNuM hoya athavA tenA samayanI paNa jANa na heAya tethI, A pradhAno kAyAcana geAtrI hovA chatA, temane vizeSa uccapada ApavA purANA kALanA kanvayaza sAthe joDavAnu' yogya dhAyu hoya. trIjI kanya ane kAtyAyana be zabdo ja temane judA teA lAgyA hoya; paNa bannenI dhaDa besAravA kAtyAyananuM kAntAyana karyu ane tene kanva~tra sAthe beDI dIdho hAya. ceAthuM te jamAnAmAM jema uccAranI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ catu gAtra kAtyAyana hatuM temanA ja vazo A kAntAyana 5 ( kAtyAyana ane kAntAyananA uccAra lagabhaga eka che jethI lahiAe bhUla karIdIdhI hoya te svAbhAvika che.) matrI 6 haze ke ? ane jo tema sAbita thayuM te, te tripuTImAMhenA traNe vidvAneAnI nAmanI sAkatA pUrepUrI thayelI mAnI zakAze. eka vaLI bIjo muddo ke, A kanyavazI pradhAnanA sa MbaMdha avaMtinA dhanakaTakanA pradeza sAthe hatA, te paNa A uparathI siddha thai jatA dekhAze. jo dhanakaTakanI sAthe temane sabaMdha gaNIe te pu. 1, pR. 157-61 mAM darzAvyA pramANe temane samaya i. sa.pU. 473 thI 430 AsapAsa gaNavA paDaze. jyAre paMDitavararUcinA 'samaya ( jo tenA ja anujo kanvavazI pradhAnane TharAvAya teA) i. sa. pU. 400 che, eTale ke varacanA samaya pUrve te| temanI aitihAsika mahattvatAnA udaya mAnI zakAya ja nahIM. jethI sAbita karI zakAya che ke, kanyavaMzI pradhAneAne dhanakaTakanA pradezanI sAthe kAi paNa jAtanI levAdevA hatI ja nahIM athavA bIjI rIte kahI zakAya ke, tenI je rAjyasattA jAmI gaI hatI te sAmyatAnA pariNAme sekesane caMdragupta TharAvI devAyA che tema kAtyAyana ne kAntAyana mAnI levAyA hAya, ( 96 ) uparanI TI. naM. 95 nI dalIle| sAthe, jo varUcie zAkaDAla ma`trInuM pada grahaNa karavA prayAsa Adaryo hatA te dalIlanuM khaLa paNa umerIe te A anumAnanI vAstavikatA teTale darajje vadhAre saMbhavita banatI jatI gaNAro. ApaNe atyAre paNa ghaNe ThekANe zvetAM AvIe chIe ke, eka pUjanA vicAro ane zakti, amuka kALa sudhI tenA varazannemAM utarI AvatI najare paDe che; eTale vararUcinA vicAranA paDadhAma trIpade birAjavAne-khase| varase A kAvAyana vaMzI tenA anunemAM dIpI nIkaLyA DAya te saMbhavita che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] avaMti pradezane anulakSIne ja mAtra hatI. ApaNe atyAra sudhImAM dhaNA rAjAo, apAhyA ane khIjI rIte prakhyAta thayelI vyaktinAM nAmeA temaja caritrA sAthe samayAnusAra paricita thai gayA chIe; temAM vidrAnAnI eka tripuTIpANini, cANakaya ane vararUcinI tripuTI- tarIke jene ApaNe oLakhAvI che. te avAranavAra kAMika vizeSa dhyAna khecyAM kare che. kemake " veze pUnyate rAtrA, vidvAna sarvatra pUgyate'' vALA ukti pramANe rAjA, amAyA ane vidrAnAnA traNa vargamAMthI, vizva ja sarvAMnu AkarSaNu sadA prathama kare che. eTale ApaNe paNa te niyamanA apavAdarUpe aa na ja banI zakIe. temAM ya ApaNA mATe vizeSa AkarSaNIya tattva te te viSayamAM e bhareluM che ke, te traNamAMnI eke eka vyakti mATe ghaNI ghaNI khAtA ApaNAthI ajJAta ja rahelI che; tethI temanA saMbaMdhI jeTaluM bane teTaluM sAhitya samayasara ane pramANApeta bahAra paDAya / ApaNI adanA pharaja te vidvAna tripuTInA caraNe dharI kahI zakAze. ApaNuM A putaka itihAsane aMge hAvAthI temanA jIvananA anya prasa Mge karatAM-jevA ke sAmAjika, khAnagI vyaktigata vyavahArika I. i.-pratihAsane ja spatA banAve| varNavavAthI satASa levA rahe che. tripuTImAMnA pANini eka mahAna vaiyA have bIjI kalpanA vazanA samadha (27) dharma ane saMskRtinA athamAM ghaNA phera rahela che, tema kALe kALe tenA atha judA karAtA rahyA hAvAthI AvA pheraphAra aneka rIte ane bhinna bhinna prakAre kahapI levAnA rahyA che temAMnA atre 29 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 215 karaNI hatA tathA pa. cANukaya mahAna rAjadvArI ane azAstrI hatA. te bannenAM jIvananI keTalIka navIna mAhitI mane jaNAi hatI te pramANe me' vAcakavarga samakSa dharI che. tema A pustakamAM, te tripuTImAMnA trIjA sabhya vararUcine aMge, je je vicAra mane sUjhayA hatA temAMnA thADAka A uparanA pAritrAmAM ja, zuMgavaMzanA kAntAyanavazI pradhAnanI utpatti paNa kAtyAyana geAtrI sAthe kAM saMbaMdha dharAvatI na hoya ? tenI zaMkA UbhI karIne me' vyakta karyAM che. tema ahIM paNa tene ja lagatA, chatAM anya dizAmAM khecI jatA dekhAtA che te have utArUM chuM. te vicAra| rajU karatAM pahelAM je eka vAta sphUrI AvI che te prathama jaNAvI dauM ke jethI kaTalAka vAcakA Umivaza-lAgaNIpradhAna banI jaIne ekadama amuka prakArane mata bAMdhI bese che, teo maherabAnI karIne pUrvamatagrAhI banI na jatAM-ane pariNAme pakSapAtI khanI javAya che tema na thatAM-rajU thatI hakIkata sArAsAranI dRSTie ja vicAre. A tripuTImAMnA traNe mahApurUSo janme to brAhmaNa ja che. eTale ke bhrAhmaNa mAmApane peTe janmyA che. tethI teonA dharmAM97 5Na brAhmaNa ja hAvA joie tathA vartamAnakALe jema sadhaLA brAhmaNo vaidikadhama pALatA najare paDe che. te ja pramANe khake vizeSAMze te ja vidhi anusAra prAcIna samayanA brAhmaNo paNa pALatA ja hAvA joie; AvA khyAle ghaNAnAM manamAM ramI rahyA hAya vavAtA prakAra paNa eka che ema samajI levu', bAkI dhama ane saMskRti vize je mAre kAMika khyAla adhAyA che te AgaLa upara ApavA dhArUM chuM te evA vinati che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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226 eka bIjI [ catutha ema jaNAya che. (eTale temanI A mAnIne tAthI, jarAye Adhu-pAchuM pagaluM bharatuM sAhityavAMcana AvI paDe, ke turata pUrvamatAprahanA pariNAme, tevA sAhityano anAdara karavAnA valaNa taraphateo DhaLI paDatA jAya che. mane A pramANe jaNAvyuM che tethI ja ahIM ATale nAno sarakho paNa ullekha karavo paDyo che; kemake mArA A pustakanA be vibhAgo bahAra paDI cUkyA che temaja tene lagatI samAlocanAo aneka vartamAnapatrAmAM levAI che. temAM samAlocaka mahAzayoe je udgAro kADhayA che te uparathI huM joI zakyo chuM ) khera! atra te eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM , jene ApaNe jhAMkhA svarUpe saMskRti tarIke atyAre oLakhAvIe chIe, tene prAcIna samaye dharma kadAca kahetA haze; paNa te samaye je cAra varga-bharaNapoSaNa mATe temaja sAmAjika vyavahAranI saraLatA mATe pADavAmAM AvyA hatA temane dharma sAthe kAMI ja saMbaMdha nahoto. tethI karIne game te varNane mANasa game te dharma pALI zakatuM hatuM. eTale ja te samanA traNe dharma-vaidika, bauddha ane jaina dharmamAM-cAre varNanA sabhyo ApaNe nihALI zakIe chIe. je ATaluM satya samajI javAya te janme brAhmaNa ane kSatriya hevA chatAM paNa, keI mANasane vaidika, jaina ke bauddha- mAMthI, koI paNa dharmano matAnuyAyI mAnavAmAM ApaNane vAMdho ja kayAM rahe che? te ja pramANe jyAre paM. cANakayane meM jainadharmI hovAnA pramANe ApI vicAro rajU karyA, tyAre keTalAkane navAI lAgI hatI; vaLI koIke te eTale sudhInA (98) sarakhA pu. 2, pR. 35 tathA 197 nI hakIkata. (99) eka kuTuMbamAM athavA te sagotrIomAM udyAra paNa kADhyA che ke lekhaka te pANini, cANakya ane vararUcinI AkhI tripuTIne ja jenadharmI hevAnuM manAvavA bahAra paDyA che. te atre spaSTa karavA rajA lauM chuM ke, mAtra cANa kayajIne ja meM jaina matAnuyAyI mAnyA che. pANi ninA dharma vize mArA jANavAmAM adyApi paryata kAMI AvyuM ja nathI; jyAre varasAca mahAzaya vaidika matavALA hatA ema spaSTapaNe jaNAvI gayo chuM; ane te AdhAre ja vararUci kAtyAyanane saMbaMdha zuMgavaMzI kAnhAyana gAtrI pradhAne sAthe joDI batAvyo che; vaLI paNa, A varacinA aMge ja nIce pramANe vicAro rajU karUM chuM. paM. varaci te samayanA magadhapati mahAnaMda urphe navamA naMdanA jainadharmI mahAamAtya kaDALanA virodhI hevAnuM jaNAvAyuM che, tema zuMgavaMzI avaMtipationA kAnhAyana gotrI amA paNa jaina saMskRtinA virodhI hatA ema jaNAvAyuM che. vaLI 5. pataMjalI mahAzaya paNa te ja mane vRttivALA hatA ema zuMgavaMzI samrATa AgnamitranA vRttAMta uparathI jaNAyuM che. A eka hakIkata thaI. bIjI hakIkata ema che ke, paM. vararUci mahAamAtya banavAnI rucivALA hatA. temaja pataMjalI mahAzaya mahAamAtya jevI rAjapurAhatanI padavI bhogavI cUkelA hatA. vaLI kAnvAyana gotrI pradhAnee zuMgavaMzI bhUpationA samaye bajAvelI kaDedhaDe sevA hatI. A traNe prasaMgomAM 99 amAtyapada mATenI manodazA athavA te temAMthI udbhavatI jhaMkhanA tamannA dekhAya che. A sarva vastusthiti vicAratAM ema vicAra Ubho thaye, ke eka pakSe vararUci mahAzaya te eka ja prakAranI ane bhAvanA keTalAya kALa sudhI uttarasara utarI AvavAnuM je manAya che tenA daSTAMtarUpa A udAharaNa kema na gaNAya? sarakhA TI. naM. 96,

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pariccheda ] ka95nA 227 kAtyAyana getrI che ja ema spaSTapaNe jaNAyuM che, tema bIjA pakSe kAnhAyana getrI pradhAne paNa kAtyAyana getrI hevAne saMbhava dekhAya che. te trIjA pakSe pataMjalI mahAzaya paNa kAM kAtyAyana gotrI na hoya? A uparathI vaDodarA kelejanA saMskRtanA adhyApaka zrIyuta ge. ha. bhaTTane te saMbaMdhI meM pUchAvyuM. teoe kRpA karIne je vicAra darzAvyA te zabdezabda ahIM TAMkI batAvuM chuM. (te mATe temane upakAra mAnuM chuM. ) " pataMjalInAM bIjAM be nAma nIce "pramANe che-1)gonadayanagana nAmanA "prAMta uparathI); (2) gaNikAputra (mAtAnA "nAma uparathI). keTalAka vidvAnone evo "abhiprAya che ke A be nAme pataMjalinAM nathI1 paNa temanI pahelAM thaI gayelA be "vaiyAkaraNanAM che. " kAtyAyana, pataMjalinI pahelAM thayelA che.102 kAtyAyane107 pANininI aSTA- dhyAyInAM sUtre upara vAti rahyAM che ane "pataMjalie (i. sa. pUrve bIje sake) mahAbhASya racyuM che. kAtyAyana ane pataMjali e be bhinna vyaktio04 che." temanA A abhiprAyathI mArI mAnyatAne keTaleka aMze samarthana maLe che. temaNe te kAtyAyana ane pataMjali e bane bhinna vyaktio hovAnuM je ke jaNAvyuM che, paNa potAnuM te maMtavya temaNe kAtyAyana nAmanI eka ja vyakti thaI gayelI hovAnuM (juo TI. naM. 102) mAnIne bAMdhyuM jaNAya che. paNa kAtyAyana nAmanI be vyaktio (TIkA naM. 103 ane 104 pramANe eka vararUci ane bIjA pataMjali mahAzaya ) thayAnuM je gaNavAmAM Ave, te sahaja puravAra thaI jAya che ke, temanuM AkhuMye kathana satya ja che. A vicAra upara vAcakavarga pitApitAne abhiprAya tathA pramANe rajU karaze evI umeda dharAvuM chuM. (100) meM paNa A pramANe ja mAnyuM che (juo bhAga bIne pR. 177) ane puravAra karI batAvyuM che. eTale temane genadIya kahevAya che te satya kare che. (101) uparanI TI. naM. 95 sarakhAvo. (12) ahIM pahelA kAtyAyana eTale vararUci samajavA rahe che, temane samaya I. sa. 5. cothI sadI che; jyAre pataMjali mahArAyano samaya mArI gaNatro pramANe paNa I. sa. pU. 194-bIjI sadIne chetema adhyApaka mahAzaya zrI bhakane paNa te ja che. eTale pataMjalInI pUrve ja prathamanA kAtyAyana thaI gayelA gaNAya che te barAbara che. (103) ahIM kAtyAyana eTale vararUci paNuM thAya. tema koI bIjI ja vyakti paNa hoya ane pataMjali mahA- zaya paNa heyaH pANini ane vararUci sahasamayI hatA, paNa vararaci vyavahArika kSetramAMthI khasI gayela hovAthI ( juo pu. 15. 366 nI hakIkata ) teo pANininI adhyAyI upara vAti ke racavA jevI sthitimAM nahotA. tema bIjI koI kAtyAyana nAme vyakti jaNAI nathI. kadAca hoya paNa kharI; ane heya te te paNa vAtikakAra banI zake; paNa tema jaNavAmAM AvyuM nathI mATe pataMjalIne kAtyAyana gotrI meM dhArI lIdhA che. - (14) zrIyuta bhAre bhale bhinna bhakti dhArI che (ke eka rIte bane kAtyAyana bhinna ja che. varUci ane pataMjali) paNa vAti nA kartA kAtyAyana ane kAtyAyana pataMjali; te banne eka ja vyakti hovAnuM mane lAge che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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NAVMI MUTOHAUA! paMcama pariccheda kSaherAta kSatrA ( cAlu ) sakSipta sAraH-- (ST) mathurApati ( 1 ) mahAkSatrapa rAjIvula--tenAM nAma tathA jAtinI Apela ALakha-tenA kuTu aneA karAvela paricaya-tenA samaya vize vividha sAmagrIthI upADela carcA ane karI Apela nirNaya tenA rAjyakALanA mukhya banAvAnuM vanatenI paTarANIe karAvelI mathurA si'hastUpanI pratiSThA ane te bhavya prasaMga upara nimaMtrita thayela anya bhUpatie ApelI hAjarI tathA khatAvela sAhacaya.-- ( 2 ) mADAsa-tenA samayanI tathA jIvananA banAvanI carcA---- ( 6 ) takSilApatie--(1)mahAkSatrapa lIaka : tenI jAti, nAma, samaya tathA jIvananA banAvanI ApelI mAhitI-- ( 2 ) pAtika--tenA samaya vize pramANapUrvaka calAvela vAdavivAda-teNe gALela dhArmika jIvananu vRttAMta-teNe kAtarAvela zilAlekhamAMnA 78 nA AMka vize vidvAne e UbhA karela vidhavidha muddAonu` karI Apelu samAdhAna-- sa harATa kSatrAnA dhama vizenI vistRta samAleAcanA ane adya paryaMta cAlI AvatI temanAM dhArmika cinhA saMbaMdhInI dU2 ka2elI gerasamajUti--vatamAna kALe dharmanA nAme kAmIyatA ke jAtiyatA sa'kaLAvIne je hA UbhA karAya che ane pariNAme saMskRtine mArI nAMkhavAmAM Ave che tene dUra karela bhraSa--

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paricheda ] mathurApatio 229 jema madhyadeza upara prathama bhUmaka ane pachI nahapANa, kSaharATa prajAnA saradAra tarIke rAjaya karI gayA che, tema mathurA upara rAjupula ane te pachI tene putra saMDAsa gAdIpati tarIke AvyA che; jyAre takSazilAnI gAdIe prathama lIaka ane tenI pachI tene putra pAtika AvyA che; bhUmaka ane nahapANanA vRttAMta uparanA paricchede lakhAI gayAM che. eTale ahIM prathama mathurApatinAM vRttAMto lakhIzuM ane te bAda takSiApationAM lakhIzuM. mathurA pati tarIkenA be mahAkSatramAM prathama je rAjuqla che tenuM vRttAMta pahelavahelAM hAtha dharIzuM. (1) rAjulula vakhate gaMja-kaMboja kahetA hatA tyAM thaye rAjululane ThekANe aneka vidvAnoe judAM hato. ane nApati meiTrIasa jyAre hiMda judAM nAma ApyAM che, te sarve dekhItI rIte upara svArI laI AvavA nIkaLyo hato tyAre bhinna bhinna lAge che, chatAM teNe pitAnA A dUranA sagA minenDarane temaja tenAM nAma te eka ja vyaktinAM nAma che tyAMnI sthAnika prajAmAMnA be traNa yuvAna ane tathA jAti ema nirvivAdapaNe dekhAI bhaviSyamAM tejadAra nIkaLavAnI AgAhI Ave che, eTale te bAbatanI ApatA UMcA khAnadAna kuTuMbanA nabIrAone carcA karavAnI ke pramANa rajU karavAnI jarUrI- sAthe laI lIdhA hatA. A sthAnanI mukhya Ata rahetI nathI. mAtra te nAmo ja jaNAvI bhASAnuM nAma kharechI hovAthI te prajAne itidevAthI tenI garaja sarI raheze. te A pramANe hAsoe kSaharATa nAmathI oLakhAvI che. ane che-rAjUla, rAjuluka ane 12jubula je yuvAna saradAro DimeTrIasa sAthe AvyA jayAre pro. ena kenAu . hi, korTala nAme hatA temAM ekanuM nAma bhUmaka hatuM; bIjAonAM vRttapatranA pu. 12 mAM pR. 21 upara jaNAve che nAma hagAma-gAmAsa hatAM. kadAca temAM ekanuM ke-rAjuvulanuM padaccheda karatAM te rAju-vula zabdono nAma rAjuvula paNa hoya; uparAMta bIjA paNa banele jaNAya che. temAM rAju eTale rAja hatA ke kema, te vaLI AgaLa upara joyuM jaze. ane vula-saMskRta vardhana samajI zakAya. te hisAbe AmAMnA bhUmakane minenDaranA jIvanasamaye madhya rAjuvulanuM saMskRta nAma rAjavana che ema deza, je napatinA tAbe hato tenA upara kSatrapa samajavuM. tarIke ane mathurA-pAMcAlanA pradeza upara hagAmauparamAM ApaNe minenDaranuM varNana karatAM hagAmAsane kSatrapa tarIke prathama nImyA hatA. jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, minenDarano janma temAMnA gAma-hagAmAsa bane bhAIo, minenDaranI kAbula nadInI khINavALA pradezamAM-jene te vatI zuMgapati bhAnumitranA sainyanI sAthe laDA (1) ke, hi. i. pR. 575:-Rajuvila of other inscriptiong is Ranjubula: he str. uck coins both a9 satrap and Mahakshatrap=Ina zilAlekhene rAjupula te ja jIvula samajavo. teNe kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa ema bane pada sahitanA sikkA paDAvyA che. He was the father of Sodash, in whose reign AS Satarap the monument (Lion-pillar ) was erected=a 21aal al hato, jenA kSatrapa tarIkenA rAjyakALe siMhasUpa Ubho karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ke. hi. i, pR. 526-7,

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200 rAjululanI [ paMcama imAM maraNa pAmavAthI temanI jagyAe rAju- valanI nImaNuka thaI hatI. eTale rAjululane paNa kSaharATa prajAnA eka kSatrapa tarIke ja noMdha rahe che. alabatta kSatrapa tarIke tene rAjyakALa bahu TUMka samayane ja rahyA che te ApaNe yathAsthAne jaNAvIzuM. jemAM tenI AyAtanA itihAsathI ApaNe tene harATa karAvyo che, tema anya sAbitio paNa te bAbatanI maLI rahe che. tenA je sikkA maLI AvyA che te uparanA akSaro paNa khareDI bhAvanA jaNAyA che, temaja tenI paTarANIe je dAnapatra kotarAvyuM che jene mathurAna siMhastUpa kahIne vidvAnoe oLakhAvela che te sArAye svanI bhASA paNa khareNI ja che. eTale AvA sikkAI ane zilAlekhI purAvA jyAM astitva dharAve che, tyAM pachI anya rajU karavAnI jarUra dekhAtI ja nathI; jethI ApaNe tene nizaka rIte kSaharATa kSatrapa tarIke ja oLakhavo rahe che. ApaNuM itihAsanI sAthe je ke tenA kuTuMbI purUSonAM nAmane kAMI saMbaMdha te nathI ja, chatAM te vakhatamAM kevAM nAmo tenuM kuTuMba hatAM te jANavAnI keTa lAkane kutuhaLatA utpanna thAya te saMtoSavA mATe jaNAvIe chIe ke, te sarve nAme, upara jaNAvavAmAM Avela mathura siMha stUpanA lekhamAM tirAvela che ane te A pramANenAM che. rANInuM pitAnuM nAma nandasIasA, teNInA bApanuM Aya ke , mAtAnuM abUlA ane dAdInuM pisapasi hatuM. jyAre tegInA bhAInuM hathaarI hatuM. vaLI ka putra-yuvarAjanuM nAma khalayasa kumAra hatuM, tene kharaosTa' nAma paNuM ApyuM hoya ema jaNAya che. bIjA nAnA putromAM kAluI ane sAthI nAnA nAme ja hatAM. A traNe sagA bhAIo hatA. anya putramAM zadAsa ane putrI tarIke hananAM nAma jaNAvyAM che. A uparathI jaNAya che ke, rAjuvulane cAra putro ane eka putrIne parivAra hato. sAdhAraNa niyama e che ke, pitAnI gAdIe haMmezAM ceka putra ja Ave. ahIM je putra-yuvarAjanuM nAma khalayama kumAra athavA kharaoTa heya ema jaNAya che, jayAre tenI pachI gAdIe te DAsa AvyAnuM jaNAyuM che, eTale be anumAna karI zakAya che. kAM te jema khalAsakumAranuM bIjuM nAma kharasTa che tema trIjuM nAma cheDAza paNa heya; athavA pitAnI haiyAtimAM ja te kharaesTanuM maraNa nIpajyuM hoya, te tenA pachI turata ja nAne kumAra eTale jene naMbara bIje heya te te sedAsa gAdIe Avyo heya. (2) jue pu. 2. sikkA citra naM. 7, 8. (3) ke. hi. . 5. 574:-The Kharoshati inscription with which the surface is completely covered associate in the religious merit of the foundation: the donor herself, the chief Queen of the great sutrap Rajula zilAlekha A khareNI bhASAthI lakhAyo che temAM tenI sthApanA vizenI dhArmika geravatAnuM ja varNana che; tenA dAtA tarIke, mahAkSatrapa rAjula nI paTarANI khUda pote ja che (5Ta rANuM lakhI che eTale bIjI paNa rANIo haze ja ema thayuM.) (4) A sarva nAmo e. i. pu. 9, 5. 142 tathA bhAratIya prAcIna rAjavaMza pu. 2, pR. 193 ane AgaLamAMthI utAravAmAM AvyAM che. (5) A vize nIcenI TIkA naM. 9 jAo. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] ' vaLI paTarANInA peTe traNa putranAM nAma jaNAvyAM che; jyAre kumAra sodAsa ane kuMvarI hananAM nAma judAM pADI patAvyAM che. te uparathI ema anumAna laI javAya che ke, te banne paTarANInA karajo nahIM hAya. pachI te banne saheAdara hatAM ke kema te spaSTa thatuM nathI; paNa mahAkSatrapa rAjIbulane eka karatAM vadhAre rANIo hatI ema te cokkasa kahI zakAze ja. A sivAya tenAM bIjAM koi sagAMnAM nAmeA temAMthI nIkaLatAM nathI. uparamAM ApaNe kharaesTa te jyeSTha putra khalayasa kumAranuM bIjuM nAma hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paNa bIje ThekANe tene rAjukulanA dohitrAnA putra hovAnuM jaNAvAyu' che, tenA sikkA uparathI jaNAya che ke teNe kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa ema banne hAdA bhAgavyA che ja. huve jo kSatrapa tarIkenA teneA samaya vicArIe chIe teA te spaSTa thAya che ja ke, tenA uparI tarIke bIje kAi hovA joieja; ane te bIjA kAne saMbhava nathI paNa bAdazAha mitenDaranA ja che; temaja jyAMsudhI minenDara jIvatA hatA tyAMsudhI te te pradeza upara hagAma-hagAmAsa ja kSatrA hatA. temaja zu'gava'zI bhAnumitranI sAthenA yuddhamAM minenDara tathA A haMgAmAsa maraNa pAmyA hatA, ema jaNAvI gayA chIe. temaja eTaluM teA samajI zakAya tevuMja che ke, jyAre yuddhamAM vijetA bhAnumitra che tyAre te sthAna upara, yuddha pachI sattA aa tenI ja sthapAya; jethI rAjIvulanuM tenA samaya vizeSa hakIkata ( 6 ) ke, zA.hi. i. pR. 70 juo:-Another member of the family known to us is Kharaosta, of Ranjubula=A kuTuMbanA eka khIjA sabhyanuM nAma kharaesTa che, te rAjIvulanI dIqa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 231 "" kSatrapapa6" rahI zake ja nahI. eTale prazna e thAya che ke rAjula kSatrapapade AvyA kayAre ? khe sthiti saMbhavI zake ( 1 ) minenDaranI haiyAtimAM ja te nimAyA hAya, ane tema banyuM hoya tA hagAmAsane yuddha pahelAM eTale I. sa. pU. 159 pahelAM maraNa pAmyAnuM lekhatuM rahyuM; ke jethI rAjIvulane tenA sthAne kSatrapa tarIke nImI zakAya. ( 2 ) ane bIjI sthiti, bhAnumitre mathurA upara potAnI sattA jamAvyA bAda thoDA kALe A rAjupule te mulaka pAcho laDI karIne tenI pAsethI paDAvI lIdhA hoya: paNa tema banyuM hAya tA te samaye minenDara jevA kAI uparI rAjakartA rahyo na hAvAthI tene mahAkSatrapa tarIke ja saMkhAdhI zakAya, kSatrapa tarIke nahIM ja. eTale pachI emaja anumAna karavuM rahyuM ke, na. 1 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe haMgAmAsanuM maraNu ja i. sa. pU. 1pa9 pahelAM nIpajI cUkeluM ane tenI avejImAM mitenDare potAnI haiyAtimAM ja A rAjIbulane kSatrapa tarIke nImela, ATaluM nizcita karyAM pachI, te keTalA kALa kSatrapapade rahyo hateA te vicAravuM rahe che. jo ke kSatrapa tarIkenA kALanA niNya karI laie tApaNu ApaNA sthApita niyama pramANe tenA te samaya rAjatvakALanA nahI ja lekhAya; mATe te pAchaLa karelI mahenata akLa jAze tema dhArI tene prayatna karavAnuM mAMDI vALazuM. have mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA samayane vicAra karIe :--eka vAta te| uparamAM naM. 2 nI sthitine vicAra karatAM spaSTa jaNAvI dIdhI che ke, rI dIkarA AneA putra thatA hatA, ( 7 ) jI uparanI TI. na, 1, (8) A pramANe Thare te te pramANe hagAmahagAmAsanA caritramAM ApaNe pheraphArA karavA raheze, .. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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32 rAjululanI [ paMcama I. sa. pU. 159 mAM minenDaranuM maraNa thavAthI tathA te pradeza bhAnumitre jItI lIdhuM hovAthI te upara prathama te zuMgazI che sattA ja sthApita thaI gayelI gaNAya; jyAre pAchA te ja pradeza upara rAjulule mahAkSatra tarIke hakumata calAvI che, tyAre ema ja artha karavo rahe che ke, teNe zuMgavaMzI amala taLethI te dezane pAcho jItI lIdhe hevo joIe. kAre tema banyuM tevuM joIe te ja prazna vicAro rahyo. bIjI bAju ema jaNAvAyuM che ke bhAnumitranuM rAjya che. sa, pU. 159 thI 142 sudhI 10 varSa cAlyuM che ane te bAda mAtra nAmadhArI rAjAo ja UbhA thayA che. eTale e anumAna karI zakAya-eka e ke bhAnumitranA maraNa bAda te pradeza rAjulule jatI lIdhe hoya; athavA bIjuM e ke, bhAnumitranA chatAM paNa tema banyuM hoya. paNa sattara sattara varSa sudhI koI mANasa vicAra karato karato besI rahe ke phalANAnuM maraNa thaze-kayAre maraNa thavAnuM che te kaI mANasa zI rIte jANI ja zake to huM te mUlaka pacAvI pADIza; e vAta banavA yogya na gaNAya. mATe ema ja kalpanA karI zakAya ke, bhAnumitranA rAjya ja I. sa. pU. 159 pachInA TUMkA samayamAM ja bethI pAMca varSa (9) juo uparanI TI. naM. 1. tavA uparamAM "tenuM kuTuMba" vALo pArigrApha (10) ke. hi. I. pR. 575-Subsequently after the erection of Mathura-Lion-capital in his reign as satarap, he (sodasa) appears as great satarap on the Arohi votive tablet at Mathura dated in the second month of the year 42=potAnA (radAsana) kSatrapa tarIkenA samayamAM madhura siMharatapanI sthApanA karyA pachI tarata ja mathurAnA AmohI (53 che)mAM bhakti mATe UbhI karela eka taptimAM sudhIne sakhya dhAra vyAjabI gaNAze-teNe laDAI karIne te pradeza pAcho meLavI lIdhe haze ema gaNavuM. eTale mahAkSatrapa tarIkeno tene samaya I. sa. pU. 154-5 thI zarU thaye, ema ApaNe hAlaturata pAke nirNaya na maLI Ave tyAM sudhI te TharAvIzuM. tenA rAjyAraMbhano samaya nirNita thaI gayo. have aMta samaya vicArIe. te mATe ApaNane zilAlekha uparathI jANavAnuM sAdhana maLe che. tenI paTarANue je mathurAsiMharatUpanI punaHsthApanA karI che temAM putra dAsane kSatrapa tarIke jaNAvyo che, jyAre AhIne bIjo zilAlekha che temAM sadAse pitAne mahAkSatrapa" tarIke lekhAvyo che. eTale tAtparya e thayo ke, te banne zilAlekhanA samacanI vaccenA gALAmAM sodAsa mahAkSatrapa thayo che tathA rAjululanuM maraNa paNa thayuM che. mathurAnA temaja AmahInA ema banne lekhamAM 42 ne ja Aka che. eTale ema thayuM kahevAya ke prathama punaHsthApanA thaI; pachI TUMka samayamAM rAjululanuM maraNa thayuM ane te bAda sodAse AhIno paTTa citarAvyo hato. have A beMtALIzano AMka te kayA saMvatane hati te pAchuM vicAravuM rahe che. ApaNe bhUmakanuM varNana karatAM jaNAvI gayA pAche tene ullekha maLe che. te taktinI sAla mATe " 42 nA ziyALAne bIjo mahino" ema lakhANa che. vaLI juo. e. i. pu. 9, pR. 139. vaLI juo vinseTa smitha sAhebakRta mudrita mathurA enDa iTasa enTIvITIjha. I. sa. 1901, prastAvanA pR. 5. te ja pustakanA pR. 21 upara te e ja lakhyuM che ke " In the 42nd year of the Maha-Kshatrpa Sodas (Pl. siv Ayaga-patta) HITY WIEL 3011 rAjya saM. 42 mAM ( AcAga paTa AkRti naM. 14 juo.).

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pariccheda chIe ke teNe pAtAnI hADakATa nAMti uparathI saharATa vatatI sthApanA karI che. tenI di I. sa. pU. 159 thI ja-pAte gAdIpita banyA tyArathI ja karavAmAM AvI che. tema A rAjukula paNa te jAtinA che. tema bIjI aneka rIte, rAjakIya sAmAjika ane dhArmika kAryomAM te bhUmakanI sAthe joDAyalA mAlUma paDyo che, eTale sahaja anumAna karI zakAya ke rAjukulanA lekhAmAM paNa cch | ja kSaharATa saMvata vaparAyeA haze; te hisAbe kSaharATa savaMta 12=I. sa. pU. 117 thAya, ke je sAlamAM mahAkSatrapa rAjujulanuM maraNa thayuM hatu.. eTale tenA rAjyaamala i. sa. pU. 1551 thI 117 sudhInA 38 varSanA hatA ema gaNavuM rahe che. vizeSa hakIkata tenA 38 varSa jeTalA lAMbA gALAnA amalamAM rAjakIya banAve| tA aneka AnavA pAmyA haze, paNa ApaNune tenA rAjyanA jyAM sudhI te vizenI kAMi ja anAvA mAhitI maLI nathI tyAMsudhI tenA khAte te viSayamAM mauna ja sevavuM uttama che, mAtra eka prasa`ga je tenI paTarANIe kAtarAvela zilAlekha uparathI ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe tenu' ja varNana atre ApIzuM. te prasaMga mathurAnA siMhastUpanI punaH pratiSThA karyAnA che. AnuM keTaluM vigatavAra varNana AgaLa upara mathurA nagarInA paziSTamAM ApIzuM; temaja je keTalAka rAjIvulanAM sagAMvahAlAMnAM nAma temAM nirdiSTa thayAM che. te ApaNe " tenA kuTuMba ''vALA pArigrAphamAM jaNAvI (11) bhUmanA rAjyanI Adi, kSaharATa savatanI AdithI gaNAya che; paNa rAjIvalanA samayanI 3. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 30 gayA chIe. have vizeSamAM je thADu dhaNu jaNA vavu' bAkI rahe che te ja atre kahIzuM, A prasa`ga eka dhArmika kAyanA hatA. tenI pratiSThA tathA gaurava eTalu` mATu' dhAravAmAM vatuM hatuM ke te kriyAnA pramukhapada mATe tenA yajamAna karatAM paNa-khuda mahAkSatrapa rAjukulanI paTarANInuM nAma temAM apAyu' che-vizeSa vaibhavavatA purUSanI je varaNI thAya teA prasaMganI zAbhAmAM vadhAro thaze. te samaye kSaharAyavazI traSNu mahArAjano hatAM: eka, paMjAbamAM mahAkSatrapa lIphanI sattA hatI. bIjA, mathurAmAM rAjIbula mahAkSatra panI peAtAnI ane trIjA, madhyadezamAM mahAkSatrapa bhUbhakanI ANa cAlI rahI hatI. A traNemAM bhUmakanuM sthAna dareka rIte ucca pade hatuM. umaramAM paNa te sa` rAjakartAomAM vizepa vRddha hatA; temaja tene rAjyavistAra paNa sauthI moTA hatA : tema kSaharATanA saradArAmAM-ceAnapatiSemAM chellA ceAnapati minenDaranA samaye paNa-A bhUmanuM ja varcasva mAtra bAdazAha khudathI ja bIjA naMbare lekhavAmAM Avatu` hatu`. eTale A prasaMganA meLAvaDAnA sabhApati tarIke te bhramakanI ja cuMTaNI karavAmAM AvI hatI; paNa A samaye eTale ke kSaharATa saMvata 42= i. sa. pU. 117 mAM bhUmakanI ummara lagabhaga 95 varSanI thai gai hAvAthI teNe pote hAjarI na ApatAM, petAnA yuvarAja kSatrapa nahapALune peAtAnA pratinidhi tarIke pAThavyeA hatA A samaye takSazilAnA mahAkSatrapa lIkane paNa AmaMtraNa mekahyu hatu. eTale te paNa peAtAnA yuvarAja Adine kSahara! savatanI Adi sAthe sabaMdha gaNavAnA nathI, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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234 sADAsanuM -kSatrapa pAkane laine upasthita thayA hatA. matala" ke, traNe pradezanA kSaharATa mahAkSatrapA ane temanA yuvarAja kSatrA tyAM hAjara thaI gayA hatA. ( alabatta, bhUmaka potAnA sthULa dehe nahAtA ja ) pratiSTA nimitte ujavavAnA prasaganI eTalI badhI mahattvatA temanA manamAM ugI hatI, ane kharekhara te prasa Mga hateA pazu tevA ja| jethI tenI utpAdikA mahAkSatrapa rAjIvulanI paTarANI nandasIasAme peAtAnA sarva bhAibhAMDarU, mALApa, putrI, dAhitrA vigerene Ama traNa mekalI mAkalIne AlAvI lIdhA hatA. A sa nAmA ApaNane te stUpa upara dhRtarAyalI vigatamAMthI maLI Ave che. A vivecana uparathI rAmajI zakAze ke, zAmATe te stUpanI prativhAne teNIe potAnA jIvananA eka anupama prasaMga 12 tarIke lekhAvyeA che tathA badhA mahA kSatrapeA ane kSatrA hAjara thayA che tathA khabhe mahAkSatrapA vidyamAna hovA chatAM ye nahANu 3 jevA nAnI ummarane ane mAtra kSatrapapa6thI ja vibhUSita 14 thayele, te prasaMganA pramukha thavA pAmyA che. A dhArmika kAryanA prasaMge je traNe pradezanA laharATa bhUpatae. Ama traNane mAna ApI hAjarI purAvI che, te uparathI me traNa ( 12 ) anupama prasaMga eTalA mATe hatA ke teNIe peAtAnA dharmanA eka ati uttama aMga tarIke ujavayAne dhAyuM" hatu. te turkIkata mathurA nagarInA pariziSTamAM batAvelA vana uparathI joI zakAze, te samayanI A kSaharATa prazna pAtAnA dharmanA anuAna karavAmAM kaTalA umaMga dharAvatI hatI tathA dhama pratye keTaluM mAna rAkhatI hatI tenu mApa paNa uparathI kADhI zakAro. A (13) ja, bAM, ke, rA. e, rasa. navI AvRtti pu. 3, pR. 11:-It is obvious that Mahacala Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ paMcama khAbo acukapaNe siddha thai jAya che; ke (1) temAM dharmaprema jIvatIjAgRti nyAta jevA vartAtA hatA (2) te rAjapati hovA chatAM eka khIjA pratye-vadhAnika ane svAti bA pratye-bahumAnanI najarathI jotA hatA (3) temanAmAM udAravRtti tathA sajjanane zAle tevI sabhyatA ane saujanyatA bharelI hatI (4) kAi kAInA upara dveSavRtti dAkhavatuM naheAtuM; nahIM to bhUmakA jevA mahArAjyanA adhipati tenI pAse ja AvelA-uttare mathurA ane naise takSilA jevA pradezanA bhUpati upara caDAI laI jaI temanA mulaka khathAvI pADe, te keTalI vAr lAMgavAnI hatI ? uparanA prasaMga vItyA pachI mAtra khe cAra mAsanI cAvadhimAM ja mahAkSatrapa rAjukulanu maraNa nIpajyuM hatuM ane tenA sthAne tenA bIjo putra seADASa 15 mathurApati banyA hatA. (2) gheADAsa-sADAsa rAjulanI pachI tene putra je|DAsa mahA kSatrapa banI mathurAnI gAdIe kheDe che. i. sa. pU. 117=ma, sa, 41. jema itihAsamAM aneka bhAmatA haju aMdhArAmAM ja paDI rahI che tema A jADAsanA rAjyakALe je banAvA banavA pAmyA hatA tenuM pazu samajI levu. eTale A was a contemporary of Rajuvula, the Mahakshatrapa of Mathura-e te dekhItu' ja che ke nahupANa te mathurAnA mahAkSatrapa rAjIvulanA sahasamayI hatA. ( 14 ) nahapANa pAte haiM. sa. pU. 114 mAM mahAkSatrapa thayA che. eTale I. sa. pU. 117 mAM thayelI A pratiSThAnA prasaMge teA te kSatrapa ja mAtra hatA ema spaSTa kahI zakAya che, (15) qhue uparamAM pu. 230 nI hakIkata, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricacheda ] vRttAMta 235 DAsa vize bahu navuM te ApaNe vAcakavRMda aMta Isa. pU ha4 mAM gaNAya che; jyAre pAse dharI zakIe tema nathI jaH sivAya ke eka sodAsanA rAjyanI pUrNAhuti samaya ekadama be muddA je jaNAya che te upara kAMIka vizeSa ceka te kahI zakIe tevI sthitimAM haju prakAza pADavAno prayatna bane te karIe. ApaNe mukAyA nathI ja; paNa inDa-pArthiane upara jaNAvAmAM AvyuM che ke, te je zahenazAha mojhIjhe uttara hiMdanA-eTale takSiAgAdIe beThe ke turata ja mathurA nagarInA eka paMjAbanA ane mathurAna-bane kSaharATa mahAparAmAM jene atyAre AmohI tarIke oLa. kSatrapane jatI laI17 temanAM rAjya upara pitAnI khAmAM Ave che tyAM bhakitapUjA karavA mATe teNe ANa pheravI dIdhI hatI; eTale mAnavAne kAraNe eka AyAgapaTTa banAvarAvyo hato, evI hakI- rahe che ke, te samaye I. sa. pU. 78 thI 75 kana tyAMnA zilAlekhamAMthI labdha thaI che. eTale aMdAje mukIe to lagalaga satya ja AvI A AyAkano samaya paga che. rA. pU 117 raheze; ane te hisAbe seDAnA jyano aMta ja lekha rahe che. jyAre AyogapaTTa mAMnA I sa. pu. 7pa mUktAM tenuM rAjya 117 thI AMka 4ra ne sthAne 72 vAgyAnuM che ena 75=4ra varSa paryata cAlyuM hatuM ema gaNI nAunA nAme jaNAvAyuM che. 16 vaLI tyAM zakAze. matalaba ke, nahapANa ane khAsa bane jaNuvyuM che ke, temaNe A 7ra nA AMkane potAnA AkhA rAjyakALa daramyAna samakAlInavikrama saMvata dhArIne tene samaya i. sa. 24 paNe ja vidyamAna rahyA che, chatAM tAjuba jevuM TharAvI dIdhuM che. A badhuM kema banavA pAmyuM che che ke vidvAnoe nahapAne sedAsanI agAu8 tenI bhAMjagaDamAM utaravAnI ApaNane jarUra ja thaI gayAnuM jAhera karyuM che. tene be kAraNo nathI. mAtra eTaluM ja kahIzuM ke, kSaharATa mArI kalpanAmAM Ave che. eka to upara jema saMvatanI kaIne jANa nahIM hovAthI, jene jema . ane kAunI bAbatamAM jaNAvAyuM che phAvyuM tema anumAna doryuM gayA che ane icchA- tema, kone temanA samayanI cokasAInI mAhitI pUrvaka tene artha karye rAkhe che. nathI eTale marajI pramANe pheMkaye rAkhyuM che. tenA rAjyane AraMbhakALa I. sa. pU. ane bIjuM e ke, temaNe zilAle akSa117 gaNAya che jyAre nahapAne I. sa. . renI sarakhAmaNI karI che te te sAcI, paNa eka 114 che. eTale nahapANatI pUrve traNa varSe te bAju na paNa pite gAdIe beTho te pahelAMnA gAdIpati thayuM che. tema nahapANanA rAjayano je kSatrapaNe teNe kotarAvyA hatA tenA akSara (16) jue ja. I. hI. ka. pu. 12. (17) A hakIkata spaSTapaNe ApaNe zanazAha mejhIjhanA vRttAMte jaNAvavAnI che. tyAMthI joI levA vinaMti che. (18) ja..be ". . e. se. navI AvRtti pu, 3, pR 14:-Mahapana lived prior to Sodas of Mathura and therefore Nabapa na preceeded sodas-nahapANu mathurAnA sodAnI agAu thaI game che. i. e. pu. 37 (1908) pR. 43:-The characters of the inscriptions of Socias are later than those of the inscriptions of :11p1n-nahapANanA lekhamAMnA akSara karatAM Di!rAnA haimanA akSaro kAMIka meDA samAna che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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236 lIakanuM [ paMcama lIdhA, jyAre bIjI bAju sAsanA kissAmAM ane bIjAnuM nAma pAtika che. temAMnA eka tenA rAjyanI AdinA na letAM je DaMkha lagabhaga pachI ekanI hakIkata lakhIzuM. aMtasamaye lakhAyA hatA tenA akSara lIdhA; (1) lIaka eTale banavAjoga che ke, banenAM nAma sAcAM, AgaLa jaNAvI gayA mANe te kSaharATa banene samaya sAco, paNa Adine aMta vacce jAtino hato. tenuM nAma ta lIaka ja che, lagabhaga 45 varSanuM aMtara je paDI che ke tenI paNa ghaNe ThekANe kusuluka lIka gaNatrI koIe hisAbamAM na ja lIva, jethI jAlI tA athavA lIka kusuluka tarIke svAbhAvika che ke te sthitimAM tenuM anumAna nAmo 5 :NA che le sahaja juduM ja Ave. A bIjuM kAraNa vizeSa saMbhavita lAge che. kusulukAda kAM te tenuM upanAma hoya ke ho tenA tathA tenA pitAnA rAjyakALa bIna hoya ke gotra he; paNa getranuM nAma thI ja I banAva banyA hovAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. eTale lAgatuM. kemake nahIM to tenI pAchaLa AvanAra tenA hAla te eTaluM ja kahevuM ba thaI paDaze ke, putra pAtikane paNa te zabda lagADavAmAM Avyo temanAM jIvana, prajopayogI kArya karI prajAne rAjI heta; paNa tema thayuM nathI. eTale upanAma ke rAkhI, zAMtithI kAryabhAra calAvyuM jevo tevI hoddo hevAnuM ja te saMbhave che manovRttivALAM ja haze. jethI nathI temanA rAja jyAM sudhI minenDara jIvatA hatA tyAM sudhI dhAMdhala macAvI rahelI koI taraphathI AvI A paMjAbanA prata upara enTIsIAlaDAsa paDelI caDAIo thaI paDayAnI jAherAta, ke nathI nAmano kSatrapa tenA taraphathI temaNe kaI bAju pradeza jItavA mATe laI gayelI tene samaya rAjya calAvato hato ke caDAIo ane pariNamatI khAnAkharAbInI vadhA jeNe, minenDaranuM laDAImAM che. A sthiti temanI saMskRti kevI haze maraNa nIpajatAM potAne bhaya lAgyo hoya tethI ke te vizenuM anumAna bAMdhavAne ApaNane upa- . anya kAraNathI, paNa zuMgapati bhAga-bhAnumitranI yegI thaI paDaze. A paricchedane aMte temanA mitrI zedhavAno prayatna karyo hato. te enTIsIdharma vizenA pArAmAMnI hakIkata sAthe sarakhAve. AlaDAsanI pachIthI A lIaka rastA upara (6) tazilA (takSazilA ) patio. Avyo che, paNa tenuM maraNa thavAthI ke teNe pR. 229nA mathALe jaNAvI gayA pramANe gAdIne tyAga karavAthI ke tene uThADI mUkavAthI ahIM paNa ApaNe be bhUpationAM ja jIvana vize temAMnuM kAMI jaNAyuM nathI. temaja turata ke thoDA bolavAnuM rahe che. temAMnAM ekanuM nAma lIaka samaya bAda te paNa jaNAyuM nathI. eTale hAla (19) nIcenI TIkA naM 25 juo. temAM patikane " kumula pAtika " tarIke oLakho che; paNa te kathana bahu pramANabhUta lAgatuM nathI. eTale vizeSa khAtrIpUrvaka sAbita na thAya tyAM sudhI patikane kAMI upanAma vinA ja oLakha 2he che, (20) ke. hi. I. pR. 583 -It is no doubt a title like the Kujula Kadaphisis= kusula kaDaphIsIjhanI peThe te (silaka ) zabda paNa padavIsUcaka lAge che.

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pariccheda ] te, jema kSatrapa rAjukula saMbaMdhI banavA pAmyuM hatuM ema gaNI laine tenA rAjyanA ArabakALa i. sa. pU. 155 lekhIzuM. tenu bharaNuM kayAre thayu' athavA tenA rAjyaata kayAre AvyA te bAbata paNa kayAMya neAMdha thai dekhAtI nathI; paNa mahAkSatrapa rAjIvulanAM sabhye je pratiA occhava thurA siMhastUpatA ujavAyA hatA temAM A takSiApati mahAkSatrapa lIeka paNa potAnA putra pAtika sAthe upasthita thayA hatA eTaluM tenI upara kAtarela lekhathI jaNAyuM che. tethI te rAjamala I. sa. pU. 117 sudhIteA cAlu hatA ema nakkI thayuM ja. pachI keTalA varSe pUrA thayA te mATe anumAna karavu` rahe che. jema te samayanAM ave kSatrapo-mahAkSatraponA amala 35-40 varSa cAlyA che tema lIkanI bAbatamAM paNa mAnI laIne tene rAjyakALa I. sa. pU. 155 thI 115 sudhI 40 varSa pa ta TamyA hatA ema gaNavu' raDe che. jo ke tenA samaya vize anya vidvAnee bhAtabhAtanA nirNayA bAMdhyA che, paNa te bhareAsApAtra nathI ema uparamAM aneka ThekANe ApaNe kahI gayA chIe; eTale tenI carcAmAM utaravAnuM pAchuM zyanne yogya lAgatuM nathI. mATe tete ullekha pazu karIzuM nahIM'. mathurA nagarImAM je pratiSnA echavamAM tenI hAjarI thai hatI te uparathI keTalAkanA mata ( 21 ) ja. i. hi. ko. pu. 11, pR. 41: The chief Liaka Kusuluka is characterised as kahaharat and as a kshatrap of Cukhsa-saradAra lIeka kumukSuka kSaharATa tarIke ane zumsanA kSatrapa tarIke oLakhI zakAya che, ke. ro, hi. pR. 68.-Patilka, the son of Liaka Kuoulaka, Moga's satrap of Chukhsa and Chhahara=Ieka kusulukanA putra pAtika, te Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat vRttAMta ema badhAyA che ke, tenuM rAjya mathurA pradezamAM 8 thavA pAmyuM haze; paNa kharI hakIkata zI rIte banavA pAmI che, tenAthI have sArI rIte ApaNe vAkephagAra thai gayA chIe. vaLI keTalAka niMdrAnAnA thunathI 21 paNa puravAra thAya che te pannaba upara ja sattA bhogavatA hatA. 237 tenA jIvana vize bIjuM kAMi jayu nathI. eTale uparamAM roDAsanA rAjya sabaMdhI je TIka! lakhI che te ahIM lAkho paNa lAgu paDe che ema majI levu. tenA bharaNuM pachI tenI gAdIe tenA putra pAtika Avyo che pAtika-pAlika tekSaGarATa jAtinA hatA tathA lIka kumulu kA putra hatA, te hakIkata krI karIne jAvavA jarUra rahetI nathI. tema te sitrAti hateA te paNa puravAra thai gayuM che. vaLI te mathurAnA siddha stUpanI pratiSThA vakhate peAtAnA pitA sAthe tenA yuvarAja-kSatrapa tarIke hAjara thayA hatA te paNa naNItI vAta thai gaI che. tema upara jaNAvyA pramANe tene rAjaamala i. sa. pU. 115 thI zarU thayAnu gajju' rahe che. paNa tenA rAjyanA aMta kayAre Avye te jarA vivAdAspada prazna che, jethI tenI cA~ kAMIka vistArathI karavA jarUra dhArU' chuM. eka lekhake, 22 lIkhaka kusulukanu varNana grupsa ane chaharane (zahenaza!hu moganA ) kSatrapa hatA. ( AmAM keTalIka hakIkata khoTI che paNa grupsa te pezAvara jIllAnA eka prAMta che e samaja ApavA ja kathana DhAMkayuM' che.) ke. hi. iM, pR, 574 mAM putra uparanI ja gAmatanu samarthAMna karAyaluM' che. (22) OM, hiM, i, pR. 575, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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38 lakhatAM lakhatAM A pramANe kahyuM che--His ( Liaka Insulak, ) son Patilke, who made the deposit of relics copperplate inscription of 78 ( Tuxilla ) which is commemoratel by the inscription bore no litle at tha tilne= lIka kumulakane putra pAtika, jeNe avazeSo padharAvyAM (che juo 78 nI sAlanA takSikAne tAmrapaTa uparanA lekha ) evu' je lekha uparathI maraNa thayAM kare che. temAM teNe krAi hoddo dhAraNa karyuM lAgatA nathI. karevAnI matalaba e che ke, ( 1 ) takSikAnuM tAmrapatra UtarAvanAra pAtika cheH ane teNe potAnA dharmanAM kAMIka avazeSo padharAvIne te upara smRticihno tarIke temUkayuM che ( 2 ) vaLI te tAmrapatra upara 78 ne savata lakhela che. A uparAMta bIjI kAMI ja temAMthI khulatuM nathI. jyAre te ja lekhake anya ThekANe 13 zahenazAha mejhIjha-mAga saMbadhI potAnA vicAra jaNAvatAM kazuM che ke:-He (Mauses) is undoubtedly to be identi. fied with the Great king Moga, who is mentioned in the Taxilla copper-plate inscription of the Satrap Patika. The inscription is dated in the reign of Mauses and ( 23 ) ke. hi. i. pR. 578, (24) eTale ke mejhIjha ane mAga bane eka ja vyakti che. (25) ja, i. hiM. kA. pu. 12, pR. 20 (pre. sTena kAnAu lekhaka che) temaNe lakhyuM che keMahakshatrap Kusula Patika (identified with Patika, the son of the kshaharat, the Khatrap Liaka Kusulaka )=mahAkSatrasa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat pAtikanu [ paMcama in the year 78 of some unspecified cra. None of the known Indian eras seems to be probable=kSatrapa pAtike ( potAnA ) tilAnA tAtrayanA lekhamAM je meAjhIjhanu nAma ApyuM che te ja mAga 4 niHzaMkapaNe A zahenazAha gAma tarIke oLakhI zakAya che. lekhaza samaya, meAganA rAjyakALe 78 nA vA che. saMvatanuM nAma khAdhyu nI. pazu je je hiMdI saMvatsarA jANItA che temAMnA eke paNa te saMbhivata nathI. '' ATalA kathanathI ema jaNAya che ke (1) pAtika te tAmrapaSTa lakhAvyuM che kharUM; paNa te vakhate meAganA rAjaamala hatA ane (ra) samaye, kAika saMvatsaranuM 78 muM varSa cAlatuM hatuM; te saMvatsara kA haze te bhUta te lekhaka khyAlamAM kAMi utaryu" nathI. uparanA banne vAkayanuM ekIkaraNa karIzu tA sAra e nIkaLe che ke, takSi lAnagarInA pradeza upara 78 nI sAlamAM zahenazAhu meganI sattA hatI. te samaye pAtike eka tAmrapaTa, dharmAMnA smaraNa nimitte pratarAvyuM che, paNa potAnA nAma sAthe kAMi ja hoddo jaNAvyA nathI. AmAM kayAMya triSaka kumukSukatI vAta ja nathI, tema te jIvatA hatA ke kema ? te pazu jaNAvAyuM nathI. patika nAma cokhkhuM che, paNa tethI kAMi ema nathI sAbita thatuM ke te meganI kunnula pAtika ( kSatrapa licchaka suluka saharATa che ane jenA putra pAtika che te ja samajavA )- matalaba ke ahIM !, sTena kAnAutre pAtakane mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAze che. pra``ga ke sAla ke AdhAra lakhyA nathI; paraMtu vAMcanathI yAda mAve che ke te mathurAmAM eka vakhata yAtra. e go che (je rUpanI pratiSThA vakhate pAte hAjara hatA tenI ) ane te upara teNe 78 nI sAta batAvI che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] kema ? kAMi thai AjJAmAM hatA ke kema athavA memane ane pAtikane kAMi rAjadvArI saMbaMdha hatA ke UlaTu jyAre pAtike potAnA nAma sAthe padavI joDI ja nathI, tyAre te ema a jAya che ke, te pote gAdI uparathI utarI gayA hAvA joie; nahI te| jema mathurAnA siMha stUpanA I. sa. pU. 117 mAM ujavAyalA occhava samaye peAtAne kSatrapa ane peAtAnA pitAne mahAkSatrapa lIaka tarIke tenA zilAlekhamAM kAtarAvela che tathA khIjA anya prasaMge teNe potAne mahAkSatratra rRpa tarIke paNa eLakhAvyA che tema ahI paNu kAika hAddo jaNAvata kharA ja, eTale vastusthiti ema samajAya che ke, mahAkSatrapa pAtika ( jue TI. na', 25) pote 78 nI sAlamAM jyAre mathurAnI yAtrAe gayA cheH tyAre tenI gerahAjarImAM ke pachI tenI sAthe laDAi karI, jIta meLavIte zahenazAha mAge takSilA rAjya lai lIdhu' che. eTale pAtika gAdivihIna thai javAthI peAtAne eka sAmAnya manuSya tarIkepAtika tarIke-ja oLakhAvI rahyo che. AvI sthitimAM teNe takSilA nagarImAM-peAtAnu jyAM devasthAna ke dhArmika kriyA karavAnuM sthAna haze tyAM-keTalAka pavitra avazeSo padharAvIne te saMbadhI je mA eka tAmrapaTa kAtarAvIne mUkayuM' che. pramANe ja artha thatA heAya te!-ane badhI sAlane barAbara meLa khAtA jAya che, eTale mAnavuM paDe che ke te pramANeja banyuM hatu. ane te ja jIvanacaritra phA. AM. re, prastAvanA pR. 102 pAri. 81: Subsequently Patika is a Mahakshatrap ( Mathura I,ion capital)-puchI 5.tika mahAkSatrapa o che (madhurA siMhastUpa ) (26) jyAre pAtikane khIjI kAI rIte raDayA nathI tyAre sAbita thAya che ke, khane vacce kAMi yuddha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 239 pramANe artha thAya che te vyAjabI che tA-sAbita thAya che ke (1) 78 nI sAla kSaharATa saMvatanI ja che. jema mathurA si MhadrUpanA occhava vakhate 4ra ne AMka mUkyA che tene kSaGarATa saMvata manAvyA che; tathA jema badhA kSarATa kSatrapA pAtAnA rAjyakALe banatA banavAne te ja saMvatsaranA AMka mukIne jaNAvatA rahyA che tema; eTale 78 nA rA'vatsara te I. sa. pU. 79nI sAla thai ke jyAre mahAkSatrapa pAtike madhurAnI yAtrA karI hatI ( 2 ) vaLate varSe eTale i. sa. pU. 78 mAM zahenazAha mege takSilA jItI lIdhu ane pAtika gAdIethI utarI gayA (3) zahenazAha mAge mahAkSatrapa pAtika sAthe yuddha karIne tyA hoya ema kA ThekANe hakIkata nIkaLatI nathI. eTale samajatu rahe che ke, mahAkSatrapa pAtikanI gerahAjarIne lAbha laine teNe gAdI pAtAnA hastaka laI ra6lIdhI hatI. A sthitimAM zahenazAha mejhIjhanA kLe bahu yaza teAMdhI zakAya nAhe'; ulaTuM tenu vartana krAM hINapatavALu gaNI zakAya, chatAM pAtikane gAdIethI utarI gayA pachI paNu, jyAre dhArmika kriyA karavA dIdhI che tyAre kahI zakAya ke, teNe kAMIka udAra dila vAparyuM hatuM; athavA pAtA taraphathI tenA pratye karela anyAyanA kheAje haLavA karavA2e te pagaluM bharavAnuM tene Avazyaka lAgyuM, hatuM. mahAkSatrapa pAti pachIthI kevI jiMdagI jevu. kharI rIte thayuM ja lAgatuM nathI, matalaba ke, pAtinI gerahAjarInA lAbha lai pote gAdI upara caDI kheDe che, ane tene thayela anyAyane kharA ApavA tene keTaluM kadha kAya karavAnI sagavaDa karI ApI dekhAya che. (27) uparanI TIkA. na'. 26 no a'tima bhAga jI, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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240 gALI hatI te kazuM jaNAyuM nathI. paNa jyArathI te gAdI uparathI utarI gayA tyArathI tenu rAjadvArI javana dha thyuM ja gaNI zakAya. eTale tenA rAjyanA aMta I. sa. pU. 78 mAM AvyA28 hatA ema gaNavu; jayAre prAraMbha I. sa, pU. 115 mAM thayA hovAthI 37 vaSa~nuM rAjya teNe karyuM hatuM ema levu rahe che. kSaharATa prajAnAM traNa rAjyA hatAM ema ApaNe jaNAvyu che. temAMnu prathama ane sauthI agatyanuM je madhyadezanu che eka mukhI tenuM vRttAMta taMtrIya ane caturthAM paricchede apAyu' che; jyAre khIjAM khenAM-mathurAnagarInu ane takSilAnuvRttAMta A paMcama paricchede lakhAyAM che. te traNe rAjyanA aMtanA samaya lagabhaga eka sarakhA ja che. ema kaheAne ke pAMca varasa jeTalI TukI avidhamAM ja te traNe rAhArAjye pRthvInI sapATI uparathI adRzya thaI gayAM che, temAM kayA prakAranI khuzrI jaLavAi rahI che te jANavA mATe AgaLa 14ma khaDe-14ma paricchede- zahenazAha meAjhIjhanA varNanamAM 6 tenA rAvitAra ' vALeA pAritrAka juo. t tihAsanA saMzodhanamAM zilAlekhA keTalA mahattvanA ane agatyanA bhAga bhajave che. te vAcakavRMdane navesarathI kahe78 nI sAla vAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. te ja kAnI ? pramANe mahAkSatrapa pAtika ane zahenazAha meAjhIjhanA samayaniya mATe, ApaNe upara darzAvI gayA 8 nI sAla (28) zahenarAta mAjhIjhanA samaya I. sa. pU. 78 thI ja vidvAnoe game che. temaNe te zaka saMvatanI sthApanA sAthe mAjhIjhane sabaMdha che. evA dhyAnathI ja 78 ne! AMka lekhAye che; paNa tAjuba Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ paMcama mujaba takSilA vArethI maLI Avela tAmrapAnI madada levI paDI che. ane je rItyA tene ukela mArI samajamAM AvyA te uparamAM meti karI khatAvyA che; chatAM je bIjI rItyA vAtAe tenI samajUti ApI che, te paNa atra rajI karavI rahe che; kemake jo tema thAya te ja, kayA ukela sAce che ane kayA anyathA che te barAbara tAravI zakAya. te lekhanA zabdArtha uparamAM pR. 238 mAM ke, Di. iM, nA lekhakanA ja zabdomAM utAyAM che. te atre pAchA karIne jaNAvI tenA rahasya upara vivAda karIzuM. temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke, The inscription is dated in the reign of Mauses and in the year 78 of some unspeicified era=keAi ajANyA sa MvatsaranA 78 mA varSe mAjhIjhanA rAjya amala daramyAna te zilAlekha kAtarAvAyAnI tArIkha nakhAi che. A zabdomAM saMvatsaranuM nAma taddana ajANumAM che evuM sAphasApha lakhyu che. tema te sAlanI sAthe mAjhIjhane zuM lAgevaLage che te paNa jaNAvAyuM nathI. tenA rAjyanuM keTalAkhu varSa hatu` ke anya kAMi saMbaMdha hatA tenA paNa ullekha nathI ja. mAtra eTalu ja karyu che ke, te samaye te pradeza upara zahenazAha mAjhIjhanI sattA hatI ane kAika savatsaranu' ateramu' va hatu, sAmAnya rIte evA niyama hAya che ke, kAtarAvanAra vyakti jene Adara karatA hAya te vize ja te khyAna kare. tethI sahaja anumAna karAya che ke, ahI' tAmrapaTa kAtarAvanAra vyakti pAtika .. thavA jevu' che ke, A pramANe gaNatrI karatAM teja AMka AvIne ubhe rahyo che. Anu nAma " kAkatAlIya nyAya athavA duSTAMta kahevAya ( viroSa mATe ajhIjha pahelAmAM jue 78 nI sAlanA khulAsA,) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pari cheka ] che. eTale je saMvatsarane te mAnya rAkhato hAya tene ja nirdeza pote karI zake. ApaNe vamAna kALe sava hiMdu prajA, e saMvatsarane mAnya rAkhIe chIe. eka ApaNA hiMduprajA tarIkene ane bIjo ApaNA upara rAja karatI prajAnA pahelAnuM nAma vikrama saMvat che; jyAre bIjAnuM nAma IsvI saMvat che. kAi trIjA sava upayAga karatA nathI, kAika dhArmika prasaMga hoya tyAre te te dharmanA anuyAyI potapotAnA ISTadevanA saMvatsara te prasaMganA samaya darzAvavA sAthe sAthe joDI batAve che. jemake pArasIbhAie jarathAsta sAhe aneA, muslIma bhAi mahamada sAhebane, baud dharmI gautama buddhanA tema ja jainA mahAvIra svAmInA I, I, tema prastuta viSayamAM pAtike paNa je kSaharATa prananeA pAte hatA tathA te prajA je saMvatsaranA upayAga karatI AvI hatI tenA ja upayAga teNe karyAM hatA evA nirNaya upara ApaNe AvyA hatA. tethI ja te AdhAre uparanI hakIkatanA samaya AMkI batAvyA che; jyAre vidvAne te kSaharATa saMvatanA udbhava ane vaparAza bAbata ajJAta he|vAthI temaNe bIjI ja kalpanA karI che. temAMnI eka A pramANe che. 29 (1) The month in the inscription is Parthiau and from this fact it may be inferred that the era itself is probably of Parthian origin. It may possibly mean the establi vize samajUti (29 ) jue, ke, hiM, iM. pR. 570. (30) emAM tA mAtra second mouth" bIne mahinA " eTalu ja lakhyu che, eTale ke mahinAnuM nAma pArthi ane nathI ja. kadAca pArthi aneAnI rIti A pramANe lakhavAnI hatI ema kahevAno 31 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 341 shment of the new kingdom in Seistan after its incorporation into the Parthian empire by Mithradates I=lekhamAMnA mahinAnuM nAma pArthi ana che; 3.te uparathI ema anumAna karI zakIe ke, te saMvatsara paNa pArthi ana sAthe sabaMdha dharAvatA haze, zahenazAha mithreDeTasa pahelAe pAaina sAmrAjyamAM sistAnanu rAjya bheLavI lIdhuM tyArathI te sthApana thayA hoya ema vizeSa saMbhavita chaeN, " Ama jaNAvIne pachI potAne abhiprAya jAhera kare che ke " If so, the date of the inscription would be cir. 72 B.C. a year which may well have fallen in the reign of Mauses=jo tema karAyA, lekhanI tArIkha i. sa. pU. 72 aMdAje Ave, ke je va mejhIjhanA rAjyaamala daramyAnanuM eka gaNAya A be vAkayamAM khIjA dhaNA muddA '. carcAspada teA che ja, paNa ApaNe te sAthe saMbaMdha na hAvAthI paDatA mukIzu; je upayAgI che tenI ja vicAraNA karIe. jyAre chara I. sa. pU. gaNAve che ane lekhanA saMvata 78 che tyAre temanI gaNatrI ema che ke mitheDeTase 72+78=i. sa. pU. 150 mAM sistAna chatI lIdhu' hatu. have migreDeTasanA samaya i. sa. pU. 174 thI 136 jaNAvAyA che ( jue pR. 145 nA kADho ) eTale tenA rAjyaamalanA smAraka tarIke te ArAya hrAya, teAye tevA dAkhalA TAMkayA hAta tA viroSa ajavALuM paData UlaTu kSaharA savatnI te prathA hatI vAMcavAthI ema A pArigrAmAM ja jarA AgaLa samajI zAro. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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242 kSaharATa kSatraponA [ paMcama 150 ne AMka na ja hoI zake ema puravAra kathanathI lekhakanI matalaba be prakAre thatI hoya thayuM; kadAca sistAna jItyAnI sAla sAthe ema samajAya che. eka ema ke, miDeTasane saMbaMdha hoya ema mAnI levAyuM hoya to amala baMdha thayuM hoya te samayanI nizAnIrUpa tema paNa banI zake tema nathI; kemake amuka banAvI 78 ne AMka heya; athavA bIjI rIte tene amala banyA pachI saMvatasaranI sthApanA thAya teTale baMdha thayA bAda mojhIjha hiMda upara caDI Avyo darajaje vAta kabula che; paNa te banAva sAthe jenuM ane pite tenA prAMta chatyA tathA tyAM gAdI parAkrama joDAyuM hoya tenA rAjaamalanI AdithI karI tenI khuzAlImAM je saMvatsara sthApyo hoya te saMvatasara-rAjAnI yAdagiri tarIke-zarU kara- tene AMka 78 heya bemAMthI game te samaya . vAnI prathA vadhAre sanmAnita che, nahIM ke banAva benI vacce bahu lAMbuM aMtara kAMI nahIM ja hoya ? banyAnI tArIkhathI; chatAM eka bAragI te pramANe bahu tyAre bethI pAMca varSa te hada thaI jaze. have banyuM hovAnuM mAnI laIe, te paNa I. sa. pU. migreDeTasa bIjAne samaya (juo pR.145 kaTho) 72 nI sAlamAM zahenazAha mojhIjhanuM rAjya to I. sa. pU. 123 thI 88 gaNAya che. athavA kyAranuM khatama thaI gayuM jaNAya che. jo ke be varSa Aghe pAche gaNe te paNa I. sa. pU. keTalAkanA mate I. sa. pU. 78 mAM tenA rAjyane 88 thI 80 sudhImAM te saMvatsaranI sthApanA aMta AvyAnuM gaNAya che; paNa meTA bhAgane gaNI zakAya; ane te hisAbe 78 ne AMka mata te i. sa. pU. 75 ne ja che. A bemAMthI eTale I. sa. pU. 10 thI 2 Avaze. je game te mata lyo, te paNa mojhIjhanA rAjya uttara te upara batAvela prathama anumAna karatAM amalane aMta AvI gayAne traNathI cha varSa paNuM vizeSa asaMbhavita dekhAya che. eTale ke thaI gayAM hatAM. eTale te hisAbe paNa te vidvAnonI mAnyatA paNa kasI joI saMvatasaranI mAnyatA svIkArya nathI. (2) ATalAM vivecanathI jaNAze ke, ApaNe bIjI mAnyatA ema che ke-* It is far je anumAna doryuM che te barAbara che. uparamAM more probable that he (Mauses) pArthiana rItyA, zilAlekhamAM mahine darzAvyAnuM invaded India after the end of kahyuM che (juo TI. naM. 30 ), paNa te prathA the reign of Mithradates II when te mathurA enDa ITasa enTIkavITIjhanuM AkhuM Parthia ceased to exercise any pustaka joI vaLaze te aneka vakhata tene real control over Seietan and Kan- vaparAza karAyele dekhAze. vaLI te pustakamAM te dahar=ema banavuM vadhAre zakya che kemithe. kSaharATa ane kuzanavaMzI bhUpationI ja hakIkata DeTasa bIjAnA rAjyane jyAre aMta AvyuM bharelI che eTale UlaTuM ema sAbita thAya che ane sistAna tathA kaMdahAra uparanI pArthi ke, saMvatsaranI sAthe mahine ke rUtu varNavavAnI ananI vAstavika sattA baMdha paDI, tyAre teNe paddhati kSaharATa ane kuzAna prajAmAM paNa (mojhIjhe ) hiMda upara caDAI karI hatI. A vidyamAna hatI. (3) jue pR.145 ne koThe. * ke, hi. I. pR. 574,

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paricheda ] dharma vize mAhitI 24 A kSetrane lagate pariccheda samApta karIe te pahelAM ApaNI prathA mujaba temanA jaya parAjaya ane dharma vize kSaharATa kahevuM paDaze. temAMye jayakSatrapone parAjaya vize pratyekanA rAja- dharma amalamAM khapapUrate IzAre amalamAM che, karI devAyo che. bAkI te temanAM sarvenAM rAjyamAM koI khAsa e banAva banyo ja na hoya tyAM varNana karavuM zenuM? Ama na thavAnAM be kAraNa mukhyapaNe mane najare paDe che. ekane te traNe kSatrapanAM rAjyonI sarahado eka bIjAne evI te lagalaga AvIne aDI paDI hatI ke, jarA paNa vistAra vadhAravAnI IcchA koine thAya, to tene pAsevALA bIjAnI hada upara AkramaNa karavuM ja paDe; ke jevI manevRtti temAMnA ekane paNa nahotI. UlaTAM ApaNe te traNene aMdara aMdara bhAIcArAnI vRttithI haLatAmaLatA joI gayA chIe, bIjuM kAraNa e che ke te traNe, evA dharmanA upAsaka hatA ke jenA pariNAme temane zAMtithI jIvana gujAravuM ja gamatuM hatuM. eTale ja temanA rAjya nathI ApaNe baMDakheDA joyA ke nathI paraspara athaDAmaNa thatI joI, AthI karIne temane tipitAnAM rAjyamAM samRddhi ane vANijya che. vadhAravAmAM tathA lokopayogI kArya karavAmAM ja mazagula banI rahetA, temaja dhArmika prasaMge ekacitta thatA jatA rahyA chIe, prathama varNavela kena prajAnuM mULa, bharata khaMDanI bahAra hovAthI temane saMskRti ke dharma (32) sAla, rUtu, mahine, pakhavADIyuM ane divasa A pramANe pAce hakIkta jyAM darzAvAya tyAM zuddha Arya saMskRti samajavAmAM Ave che; pachI eTale aMze A pAMca hakIkatamAMthI ochA vadhatAne ullekha jevuM kAMI nahatuM ema ka9pI zakAyuM hatuM; tema ApaNane te vize tapAsa karatAM kAMI mAluma paNa paDayuM nathI, ema jaNAvI gayA chIe. jyAre A kSaharATa prajA te ApaNI hiMduprajAnA rUSi munionAM sthAnarUpa gaNAtA (juo chaThThA khaMDe, prathama paricchede A prajAonAM utpatisthAnane lagatAM vivecana ) pradezamAM che, teo Arya saMskRtithI vibhUSita hatA ja, jenI khAtrI mATe ApaNe temanI kALagaNanAnI neMdha levAnI rIta 32 uparathI paNa kahI gayA chIe, dharma saMbaMdhIne vicAra karavAne ApaNI pAse beja mukhya sAdhane vartamAnakALe prApya che. eka sikkAo ane bIjuM zilAlekhe tathA inapatro. temAM paNa sikkAo, hamezAM temAM utarAyalAM cihno tathA anya nizAnIothI viziSTa skuTapaNe hakIkata upara prakAza pADe che. jyAre dAnapatramAM keTalIka to sAmAnya prajAnAM kalyANa mATenI paNa hoya che, tema keTalIka te rAjakuTuMbanA dharmane lAgevaLage tevI na levA chatAM, zAsita prajAnI unnatinA mArgane lagatI hovAthI, rAjakIya dharma athavA pharajarUpe bajAvavI paDe, tevI paNa ullekha temAM karela hoya che. eTale te upara vizeSa AdhAra rAkhavo paNa paravaDe nahIM tema taddana upekSA karavI paNa poSAya nahIM. A prajAnA sikkAo mukhyapaNe temanI rAjagAdInA mukhya sthaLethI-eTale ke gujarAta ane avaMti prAMtamAMthI, mathurA ane takSilAmAMthI; jayAre zilAlekha ane dAnapatre te te karAyo hoya teTale aMze te Arya saMskRtithI dUra che ema samajavuM. sarakhAvo uparanA pArAnA aMtamAM kSaharATa ane kuzanavaMzImAM sAla lakhavAnI prathA vizenI hakIkata.

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244 sthAna sivAya dUranAM thaLethI, jemake nAsika AdinA pradezamAMthI paNa maLI Ave che. sikkA uparanAM dhArmika cihnomAM, dharmacakra, siMha, svairitaka, caitya Adi che. A badhAMne vinAe atyArasudhI bauddhamanAM cihno tarIke e"khAvyAM che. temaNe kayA AdhAre A pramANe jAhera karyu haze te ApaNe jANatA nathI. kA khauddha graMthaeNmAM zuM A cihno temanAM srAvAnu lakhANa maLI Ave che. parU ? ke pachI prAcIna samaye je mukhya traNa dharmI prajAnA hatA-vaidika bauddha ane jaina-te traNenAM rahasyamAM ekavAkayatA tathA sabhAnatA keTaleka aMze dIsI AvatI hatI; tene lIdhe eka dharmanAM cihnone khIjAnAM hAvAnuM dhArI levAyuM che. A bALata ApaNe vistArapUrvaka pu. 2. pariccheda khIjAmAM sAmAnya rIte tathA trIjAmAM pratyeka sikkAcitranI hakIkata sAthe samajAvI Apyu che te tyAMthI joi levuM; tathA thADIka hakIkata have pachI joDavAmAM AvanArAM pariziSTA-eka mathurAnagarInu ane bIjI takSilA vizenuM-mAM ApavAnI che; tema ja khAsa khAsa je che te atre jaNAvIzu. sahAya kSatrAnA ( 33) preA. rIjha DevIsa je bAdhamanAM pusta kAnA khAsa abhyAsI gaNAya che. temaNe dhI buddhisTa InDiyA nAme pustaka pR. 37mAM lakhyu che ke:-As Mathura is mentioned in the Milinda ( 331 ) as one of the most famotis plav ces in India: whereas in the Buddha's time, it is barely mentioned: the time of its greatest growth must have been between these dates=mizinDamAM (3:1) mathurAne hiMdanA sa zreSTha prakhyAta zahelAMnuM jo ke gaNAvyuM che; chatAM buddhanA samaye tene isArA suddhAM karavAmAM Avyo nathI, eTale A e samayanI vacce ja ( buddhadeva ane mirenDaranA aMtaragALe) tenI caDhatI kaLA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ paMcama AmAM dharmAMcakra che. te mukhyatAe takSi lAnA sikkAnuM cihna lekhAya che. prazna e thAya che ke zu' buddha-zAka peAtAnI haiyAtimAM kAi divasa paNa te sthaLe padhAryAM hatA kharA ? athavA zu' temanA kei ziSya temanI haiyAtimAM te pradezamAM prava kapaNe gayA che kharA ? jo tevI kAI sAbitI na ja maLatI hoya te pachI zA AdhAre mAnI levu" paDe che ke takSilAnA pradezamAM aneka sthAne vaparAtu' dharmacakranuM cihna te baud saMpradAyanuM ja che ? ( vizeSa adhikAra takSilAnA pariziSTe . ) tevI ja rIte mathurAnA sabaMdhamAM 33 paNa banyuM hoya ema dekhAya che. mathurAnA stUpa mahAkSatrapa rAjIvulano paTarANI nakhrisIekasa e dharmAMdAna tarIke meATA utsavapUrvaka UbhA karAvyA che, ( jevuM spaSTIkaraNa mathurAnagarInA pariziSTamAM karavAmAM AvyuM che ) jemAM A paradezI kSaherATa jAtinA rAjakartA kSatraponAM nAmeA apAyAM che tathA tenI Tace siMhAkRti gAThavI che. A sihAkRtine bauddhadharmI sAthe zu' sabaMdha che ? zuM te zAkayasiMha-buddhadevanuM laMchana ke thai haro, [ A uparathI samAro ke khudevanA jIvanakALamAM te mathurAne kAMi levA devA nahotI ja; tema mirenDaranA samaye zu' sthiti hatI te te kAMI darzAvAyuM ja nathI,te samRddhivAna zahera hatu N paNa temAM bAdhama ne zu' ? eTale anumAna baMdhAya che ke, samrATa aokanA samayabAda, uttara hiMda te| zu' paNa samasta bhArata mAMthI bAdhama lagabhaga adazya jevA thaI gaye hatA, pachI I, sa, nI trIjI sadI bAda, guptava'zanA amale kAMIka sajIvana thavAnI zarUAta thai dekhAya che. ] jIe AgaLa upara mathurAnagarInA pariziSTamAM vizeSa adhikAra, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] sAMketika cihna che ? temaja mathurAnA maMdirane je daravAjo ( Gateway ) zodhI kaDhAyA che ( jue pu. 1 rR, 196: AkRti na. 31, 32, 33 tathA tenAM varNana ) tene sarva vidyAnAe jyAre jainadhama nA hovAnA abhiprAya ApyA che tyAre Akhehuba tenI ja jANe kema pratikRtinakala na hoya tevA daravAjA-pravezadvAra; sAMcInA ratUpa sAthe temaja bIjA bhArahuta stUpa sAthe joDAyela ema e ThekANethI maLI Avela che; te bannene aududharmI hovAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. Ama eka ja jAtanI kArigarInA ane eka ja vastu sUcavatA padArthIne bhinna bhinna dhanA-sapradAyanA TharAvavAmAM kAMI kAraNa kharUM ? ke bhinna bhinna pradezamAMthI maLI AvyA mATe bhinna bhinna saMpradAyanA thai gayA ? vaLI mathurA pAse thADe ja cheTe-traNa cAra mAila dUra-ka kAli tilA nAme je TekarI AvelI che ane je prAcIna mathurAnuM eka pa hAvAnu anumAna karAyu che tyAMthI je avazeSo, mUrti, AyAgapaTTo i. i. maLI AvyAM che te sarvene vidvAnAe jainadharmanAM hovAnu niHsadehapaNe kahI dIdhu che; tyAre A siMhastUpane ja mAtra bauddhadharmane TharAvavA mATe zuM AdhAra che? ( jo ke have tene paNa jainadharmanA TharAvAyA che.) uparanA varNanathI samajAze ke, jema dharmocakra bAbatamAM dvividha abhiprAyo darzAvAya che tema siMha-stUpanA kissAmAM paNa banyu che: tevI ja rIte caitya ane svastikanA 4 cihnanuM paNa samajI levuM. AkhAye lakhANanA sAra e che ke, A viSayamAM atyArasudhI gaMbhIra gerasamajUti ja dha vize mAhitI (34) nahapANa ane bUmakanA sikkAmAM svastika che: ( jue pu. 2. sikkAcitra na. 35, 36, 37, varNana pR. 96, 97) te jainadharmI ja hatA, tathA jIe iM. kA, hiM, pu. 5, 1929 jInane aMka pR. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 645 pravartI rahI che: pu. 2 mAM khIjA paricchedanu varNana barAbara dhyAnapUrvAMka vAMcIne manana karavAmAM Avaze, te mane saMpUrNa khAtrI che ke vAcakavane paNa manamAM saMpUrNa itabAra jAmI jaze; ane evA vicAra dharAvatA thaze ke A cihnone baudhama sAthe kAMi lAgatuM vaLagatuM ja nathI. ane sikkAnA purAvAthI je vastusthiti siddha thai jAya te te acUka ane atUTa ja gaNavI rahe che; eTale A viSayane paNa te ja kakSAnA kAM na svIkAravA ? kAine ema paNa vicAra thaze ke, bauddhadharmanA mukhya sthApaka athavA teA temanA pracArakA te bAju vicaryAM hovA vize tame jyAre zakA uDAvA che athavA teA tema banyuM hovAne AdhAra mAMgA che, te ame paNa tamAne kAM vaLatA prazna na pUchI zakIe, ke tamArA mata sthApita karavA mATe tamArI pAse ze| AdhAra che? tA temane uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, A pustakanI AdithI mAMDIne, sarve sannATAnA ane rAjAnA je je dharmAM hatA, te vizenI carcA ame karI che te vAMcI jovAthI A vAtanA sphoTa thai jaze. uparAMta eka anya hakIkata paNa vAcakavarganI jANa mATe TAMkavA rA laie. te hakIkata paNa sikkAi purAvAnI peThe ja eka nakkara satya tarIke ApaNe lekhavI paDaze kemake te zilAlekhI purAvA upara racAyalI che. samrATa priyadarzinanA aneka zilAlekho, khaDaka lekhA tathA temanI aMdara ALekhela dhammiilapanA rahasyathI 35 ApaNe sarve koi jANItA thaI 357 lekha nAme " Was Nahapana a Jain ? * A lekhathI ADakatarI rIte pUravAra thAya che ke nahapANa jaina hatA. (35) rahasya tA atyAra sudhI darekanI jANamAM www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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saMskRti [ paMcama gayA chIe ja, ke temaNe pitAnA dharmapracAra tene paNa ApaNe satya ane siddha thayela aitiarthe aneka dezamAM dhamma mahAmAtrAone pAThavyA hAsika tatva ja mAnavuM rahe che. hatA. tevA pradezomAM yavanadeza,nadeza, kAzmira, A pramANe sarva taraphathI ane sarva prakA gAMdhAra, tibeTa, misara, siriyA AdinAM nAme rathI, jyAre eka ja bAbata siddha thaI zake che, paNa temaNe lakhyAM che. A badhe banAva I. tyAre tene anyathA hovAnuM ApaNAthI kema kahI sa. pU. 250 nI AsapAsa ja che. ane A zakAya? sArAMza eTale ja ke, A paradezI prastuta paricchedamAM varNavatA sarve kSatrapa tathA kSaharATa prajane kSatra tathA mahAkSatrapa sarve mahAkSatra, mULe A sthAnamAMthI ja hiMda jaina saMpradAyanA ja anuyAyI hatA ane upara caDI AvelA che. temane samaya paNa temanAmAM majakura dharmane bIjAne prakSepa, samrATa I. sa. pU 200 thI mAMDIne I. sa. pU. 100 priyadarzinanA dhammamahAmAtrAoe karyo hato. sudhIne jaNAya che, eTale ke, samrATa priyadarzina eTale have pro. resana jevo sikakAne abhyAsI nanI pachI mAtra se varSane ja gALo rahelo che. je kahe che ke, 37 dharmacakra te bauddhadharmanuM (2) te zuM je dharmapracAra mahArAjA priyadarzine (jainadharma joIe) cihna che, to te temaja takSiA ATaATalI mahenata ane jahemata uThAvIne ane mathurAnA kSatrapa A dharmanA ja anuyAyI hatA hiMdabharamAM temaja hiMdabahAranA pradezomAM karAvyo te; ema banne hakIkata satya tarIke ja ApaNe hato tenI asara mAtra so varSanAM aMtara sudhI vIkAravI rahe che. cAlI AvatI dhArI na zakAya ke? are-so atyAra sudhInA varNana uparathI vAcakadeDha varSanI vAta te AvI rahI, paNa vargane eka bAbatanI pratIti thaI haze, ke dareka base varSe paNa je banAva banyo che, je vaMzanA bhUpationuM vRttAMta ApaNe avaMtipati gardabhIla rAjAnA samaye saMskRti pUruM thatAMnI sAthe temanA jayaprasaMge pAta varNavo paDaze, te uparathI ane parAjaya tathA dhama vize eka paNa sAbita thaze ke, te samaye tyAM vasatI dharma svataMtra pariccheda ja jude zaka prajAne dharma paNa, mukhyatAe jenA pADavAnuM dhoraNa meM grahaNa ja hate. vaLI A hakIkatane vAyupurANa jevA karyuM che, kemake te banne vastu upara khAsa dhyAna graMthiI ravataMtra rIte Teke maLela 36 che. eTale kheMcavAnI jarUriyAta lAgatI rahI che. jaya AvyuM hatuM ja. paNa te sava bAddha dharmanI kIrti gAnAruM hatuM ema dharAyuM che; jyAre pu. 2 mAM priya. dazina caritre have ema sAbita karAyuM che ke temAM to jana dhamane lagatuM pharamAna che. (36) A pustakanA uttara bhAge galIla vaMzanuM vRttAMta ApavAmAM AvyuM che tyAM A sarva hakIkata sapramANa ApavAmAM AvI che te joI levA vinaMti che. (37) ke. A. pArigrApha 87-The Wheel of the Law is a syin bol of the Buddhist (?) faith, which was professed by the Satarpal families of Taxilla and Mathura ( uparamAM (2) cinha meM mUkayuM che. ane lagate khulAse AgaLa upara takSilA nagarInA pari ziSTanA aMte juo.)

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pariccheda ] ane parAjaya zabda te spaSTa ane sAdhu hovAthI tene aMge leza mAtra paNa gerasamajUti UbhI thavA bhIti rahetI nathI; paNa dharma zabdanI vyAkhyA bahu aTapaTI hovAthI aneka gerasamajUti UbhI thatI sa MbhaLAya che; eTaluM ja nahIM paNa teneA UlaTA artha samajI javAthI, itihAsanA viSaya canArA AvA pustakanI kiMmata mArI jate, ghaNA ana utpanna thavA saMbhava che. teTalA mATe kAMika khulAsA karavAnA hetuthI A A pArigrApha khAsa umeraveA paDayA che. vartamAnakALe dharma zabda eTalA badhA mAmulI ane haLavA banI gayA che ke hAlatAM ne cAlatAM tene upayAga karI nAMkhI, kema jANe eka bajArU kraya-vikrayanI vastu ja hAyanI tevI sthitie tene utArI pADayo che. AvI avadazAmAM tenA mULamAM rahelI AdhyAtmika ujjavaLatAneA, hArdika AnaMdanA ke hRdayanI vizALa bhAvanAnA tadana lApa thai jAya te dekhItuM ja che. pariNAme tenI kharI khUbInuM ane manuSyatva sAthe saMyukta thayelA aMtaHkaraNanA audAnuM, jayAM pradarzana thavu joie tyAM narI sa'kucitatA ja kilaSTapaNe Asana jamAvIne paDI rahI jaNAya che. eTale have te| dharmanI vyAkhyA mAtra tenA amuka vidhividhAnane ja samarpaNu karAi che: jemake janA pahere, saMdhyA-arcA kare ke zivamaMdire jAya teja brAhmaNa, masjIdamAM amuka vakhate jAya ke nimAja paDhe te ja muslima, viSNuma Mdire ke havelInAM darzane jAya te ja vaiSNava, ca-devaLamAM jAya ane dara ravivAre ghuTaNIe (38) AvI oLakha karI nAMkhavAthI ja dharmane aneka vADAmAM te divAlAnAM geAMdhAI rahevuM paDe che ane tema thatAM tenA anuyAyIonu`. jIvana cimaLAI javA pAme che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 247 r paDI tyAM prArthanA kare teja prIti, daherAsare ke upAzraye jAya ne kapALamAM pALeA cAMlle kare teja jaina: AvA AvA prakAre atyAre tA dharmanI oLakha karAvavAmAM Ave che. jema dharmanI bAbatamAM banI rahyuM che tema, jAticommunity nI bAbatamAM paNa, te ja pramANe saMkucitatAe pravezIne durdazA karI nAMkhI che; jemake brAhmaNathI vepAra karI zakAya kema ? te tA rasAyA ja ane; ane bahu te vidyAgurU thAya. vyApAra kheDavA te teA vaNika-vaidhya-vANiyAnu' ja kAmaH cAmaDAnI vastu banAvI temAMthI nirvAha calAvavA te te mAcInu ja kAma, temAM bIjA vaNuM thI39 paDAya ja nahIM: AvI AvI aneka paraMparAgata rUDhIee manuSyanAM mana, buddhi ane vicAra upara kAbU jamAvI dIdhe che. A pramANe jyAM ekalA dharmanA viSayamAMja sa`kucitatA pravezI rahI hatI tyAM vaLA A jAta viSayaka hAue peAtAnA bAhu prasA che. eTale te bannenI ekaMdara mAne dvividhadviguNI (by multiplication) muzkelI thavAne badale -ivargI (by making square ) muzkelI khaDI thaI gai che. nahIM tA dhamanAM-nAmeeThAM nIce hullaDA, tAkAnA, mArAmArI, kApAkApI, khUna ane luMTaphATa zenAM hoya ? ke jAtinA nAme sAmAjika herAnagatI ane damane kayAMthI hoya ? atre kahevAnuM e che ke, AkhA pustakamAM kayAMya paNa uparanI paMktiemAM jaNAvyA pramANe ane hAla pravartI rahela saMkucita bhAvavALA ( 39 ) varNa ane zreNIo UbhI karavAnA mULa Azaya zu hatA te mATe jIe pu. 1. pR. 27, 267, (40) khuzI thavA jevuM che ke, keLavaNInA prasArathI A prakAranI manedazA dhIme dhIme pheravAtI jAya che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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248 saMskRti [ paMcama arthamAM, kadI paNa dharma zabda meM vAparyo nathI. tema prAcIna sAthe te pramANe ne artha thato hoya evI mArI mAnyatA paNa nathI. tenI vyAkhyA spaSTapaNe ekAda zabdomAM ke vAkyamAM karavI, te ati dudhI kArya heIne prAcIna bhArata varSa nA pu. 1 prazasti pR. 21 pAri. 3 mAM tene vivecanasaha samajAvavA kAMIka prayAsa meM karyo che. eTale have samajAze ke dharma zabdane mArI mAnInatA pramANe, nathI koI jAti viSayaka praznane saMbaMdha ke nathI koI prakAranI vidhivizeSane vaLagADa. te paNa vaidikadharma eTale vaidika saMskRti ane jaina dharma eTale jainasaMskRti: AvA saMkSipta svarUpamAM dhama zabdano upayoga meM karyo che ema haju kahI zakAze. dharma zabdanuM ane temAM rahela rahasthanuM kAMIka AchuM darzana A pramANe karAvAyuM che. have A samaye pravartI rahela be dharma41 vaidika ane jainavizenI mAnyatA vize je kAMIka huM samajyo chuM tene TuMkamAM khyAla ApIza; jethI vAcakane khAtrI thaze ke temAM koine utArI pADavAno ke kiMcitapaNe apamAnita karavAne leza mAtra paNa mAro hetu, uzake Azaya che ja nahIM. mukhyataH vaidika dharma te brAhmaNadhama tarIke ja have te oLakhAvavA lAgyA che jayAre vAstavika rIte vyutpattinA arthamAM gaNIe te vedane AzrIne je dharmanI prarUpaNa thaI hoya te vaidika dhama: je ke te arthamAM paNa te mAnya rAkhI zakAya tema to nathI ja; jyAre saMskRta zabda-kozamAM brAhmaNa zabdanI A pramANe vyAkhyA ApI che. "manA jAyate zugaH, saMskAre vija ucyate / karmaNA yAti vika, bArAta brAhmag:* | =zudra te janmathI ja hoya che paNa) saMskAravaDe (yajJopavitajaI maLatAM) te dvija-(brAhmaNa)-kahevAya che? (pachI) karma-kAMDa karavAthI viprapaNuM pAme che (ane) brahma(paramAtmA)nuM jJAna meLavavAthI te brAhmaNa bane che. matalaba ke brahmajJAna thavAthI ja eTale ke AtmA, (41) jo ke traNa dhama gaNAvAyA che vaidika, jana ane beda; paNa trae eTale baeNddha dhama, te te pAchaLathI-eTale ke vivaraNunA hajAra varSamAMthI lagabhaga cAse sADAcArase vyatIta thayA bAda-umerAve che; eTale tenI utpatti svataMtrapaNe thaI nathI, AvAM be kAraNathI tenI gaNanA ahIM karI nathI. (42) brAhmaNa te te cAra vargamAMnA eka varganuM nAma che; jyAre dhama te judI vastu che. dhamane ane vagane saMbaMdha ro? tema brAhANa nAmanA purANIka graMtha che te zabda paNa AkhA dhamanI saMjJA tarIke vAparI zakAya nahIM. A pramANe bane rIte vidhi Ave che; chatAM tene vartamAna kALe brAhmaNadharma tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. AgaLa tema nahIM thatuM hoya ema lAge che, tethI " have ' zabda meM vAparyo che. (43) kharI rIte te A zabda paNa mAnya rAkhI na zakAya, kemake jene loko paNa vedane te mAne che. kharI vAta che ke, temanA veda graMthe bane che (temanAM nAma, 1, saMsAradazana veda, 2, saMsthApana parAmarzana veda. 3. taravAvabodha veda ane 4 vidyAprabodha vedaka (juo sAMnidhi vijyAnaMdasUri racita jenataravAdaza nIcenI TIkA naM. 45) eTale sAmAnya janatA emaja mAnavA lAgI che ke jene loko vedane mAnatA nathI ane te kAraNe ja jainene nAstika paNa teo kahe che-te draSTie jenone paNa te vizeSaNa lAgu pADI zakAya tema che: (44) anya graMthamAM tene maLatI ja vyAkhyA che te A pramANe gamana gAyate uM, kaMdAreg giottamaH | vedapAThI nAnAti mahag: . haMmag imaLA ( uttarAdhyayana. a. 26, gAthA. 31.),

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pariccheda ] paramAtmA che. nuM jJAna thavAthI ja kAine paNa brAhmaNa gaNI zakAya che. A pramANe brahma vizenuM jJAna thavAnuM dhAraNa te jaina saMskRtimAM paNa svIkArAyu' che. have jo ema ja hoya, to bannemAM brAhmaNa zabdanuM pada-uccakoTinuM thaI gayuM gaNAya; ane tema hAya teA be sa MskRtine judI tarIke oLakhAvavAnI jarUra ja rahetI nathI A uparathI ema samajAyuM, ke zabdakoSamAM vadhu . velI uparanI vyAkhyA paNa sapUrNa paNe spaSTa ke barAbara nathI ja. eTale mArI samajaNumAM ramI rahelI 'varSe caratIti mAhmA" nI vyAkhyA phrIka che ke kema, tenI samajUti levA atre cAturmAsa birAjatA vidvadvaya jainAcArya zrI vijayavallabhasUri pAse gayeA. temaNe TI, na. 44 mAM utArela ane zlAkanI noMdha karAvI tathA amerikAnA cikAge zaheramAM maLelI dhI varlDa jha pArlAmenTa A dhI rIlIjIansamAM prakhyAta thayelA nyAyAMbhAnidhi sadgata trijayAnaMdasUrijI kRta jainatattvAdamAM chapAyalAMpa " brAhmaNA kI utpatti '' tathA "vedAMkI utpatti " nAmanA e viSayAnA havAle ApI spaSTIkaraNa karatAM jaNAvyuM ke, jaina sa MpradAyanA Adi tIrthaMkara zrIrUpabhadevanA putra bharata cakravartInA samaye rAja taraphathI evA prabaMdha karavAmAM AvyA hatA ke, jene vidyA bhaNavI hoya temaNe gurU pAse javuM; ane je gurU 6: ane dharma ( 45 ) mudrita; lAheAra, I. sa. 1936, pu. 2. ( uttarArdha ) pariccheda 11, pR. 684 thI 390 ( 46 ) jainane aviratipaNe ( sa'sArIne ) viratipaNe ( sAdhune ) je pAMca vRtto pALavAnu pharamAna che temAMnu pahelu vRtta ahiMsA vRtta che, te pAMcenAM nAma A pramANe che. (1) ahiMsA (2) satya (3) asteya (4) amaithuna-brahnaca (5) ane apa 32 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 249 pade niceAjita thAya temane zire amuka niyamanu pAlana karavAnI pharaja nakhAi hatI. te kja pramANe temaNe brahmacarya pALavuM paDatuM hatu= brahmacaryaNa brAhmaNuM: '' (sarakhAveza uparanuM vAkya -brahma' caratIti brAhmaNu: ) vaLI te gurUvaryAM je vidyA bhaNAvatA temAM sauthI prathama ane mahatvane upadeza46 ahiMsA [mA rUjI (prAkRta bhASA) mA har (saMskRta bhASA ) vadha karavA nahi] vRttanA karatAH A pramANe mAhaSNu zabdanA artha, tA je prANI kAI jIvanA vadha na kare te, AvA rUpamAM thaye; eTale ke mAha=zrAvaka47; ane jaina zabdane vyutpatti a, jitane anuyAyI te jainaH vaLI jina tene kahevAya ke jeNe ( nau dhAtu uparathI ) peAtAnA aMtaraMga ( kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lebha Adi zatrue( ari-ripu )ne jItI lIdhA che ta; A uparathI spaSTa thaze ke mAhaNu ane jaina ane zabdo paryAyavAcaka ja kahI zakAya tema che: paNa ' ari 48 zabdamAM rahelI viziSTatAne aMge temaja jaina ane mAhaNu zabdo eka bIjAthI judA oLakhAvI zakAya te mATe, mAhaSNu zabdanuM rUpAMtara banAvI brAhmaNa zabda yeAjAyA lAge cheH ane tema thatAM gurUpada meLavavAnuM mULa lakSaNa brahmacaya pALa vAnuM je hatuM, te paNu brAhmaNu zabdamAM jaLavAi rahetuM jaNAyuM. tema jaina zabdamAM ari rigraha=-tyAga, (47)va'mAnakALe zrAvaka zabda jaina matAnuyAyI purUSane oLakhavA mATe vapaca che: jenenA jIvaMtamatra ' ahi'sA ' gaNAya che: jethI ahI' tevA rUDha zabdArthamAM zrAvaka zabda me vAparyA che. (48) ari=zatruo: ha=haNyA che, jItyA che jeNe tene ' arihata'=jina kahevAya che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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250 saMskRti [ paMcama one jItanArA jinanA anuyAyI hovAnuM lakSaNa A sadhaLA vivecanathI e to siddha thaI je hatuM te paNa jaLavAI rahetuM jaNAyuM. jAya che ke-brAhmaNa ane jaina zabdanI game te uparanA ATalA spaSTIkaraNathI prakAzita vyAkhyA ravIkArAya, te paNa temAM nathI koI thAya che ke, brAhmaNa athavA jena zabdanI sAthe, prakAranI mIyatAnI gaMdha ke nathI jAtIyatAnI phAve te saMskRti zabda lagADo ke phAve te dharma gaMdha eTale ke bane vizvavyApaka che. kadAca zabda joDe, te paNa banne kiMcitapaNe ja bhinna vaccagALe saMkucita banAvI devAI hoya te cheH vastutaH moTA bhAge eka ja che. temaja yuga pAchI vizvavyApaka banAvI zakAya tema paNa yuga jUnAM che, eTale te banene sAdI bhASAmAM che. bannemAM game te manuSya bhaLI zake che, phAve sanAtana kahI zakAya tema che. bane dharmo vedane to janmathI ke phAve te potAnA uttara jIvapaNa mAnanArA che ane te daSTie bane namAM koI jAtane temAM tene pratibaMdha ja para Astika ja che. koIne nAstika kahevAya nahIM. A nathI. eTale je kaI ema kahe ke A saMskRpramANenI sthiti uttarottara cAlI AvatI jaNAI tinA zikSaNathI ke upadezathI komIvAdane utteche. kadAca avAranavAra aMtarakALe thoDI ghaNuM jana maLe che, te te vAta kadI gaLe utare tevI bhinnatA ubhI thaI haze, te paNa te naSTa thaI nathI. UlaTuM tenAthI te ema batAvI zakAya gai haze. bAkI vizeSapaNe je kAMI pheraphAra thavA che ke A bane saMskRtio yugajUnI heI, je pAmyo hoya te te vartamAnakALe pracalita veda- koI navI saMskRti temAM maLIne hAlamAM dharmanA upaniSada-zruti-smRti Adi graMtha racAyA nAme manAtI thaI gaI che te sarve, temanI upara gaNAya che tyArathI ja-eTale ke I. sa. 5. nI jaNAvela be mAdara saMskRtiomAMthI kAMIka ne 8 thI 10 mI sadIthI ja 50-kahI zakAyaH kAMIka zabdArthanI pherasamajathI tathA vikRti ane itihAsa jotAM A vAtane te paNa maLe pAmavAthI ja UbhI thavA pAmI che. eTale je che; kemake te samayathI yajJa-yAjJAdi anudAnamAM tenA zabdArthathI utpanna thayela samajaphera ke hiMsA pravezatI najare paDe che; temaja avatAra- vikRtinuM samAdhAna karavAmAM Ave te pu. 2, rUpe mahApurUSonAM prAgaTya vize je pelI ukti pR. 37 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe pAchA asalanI " triANA tApUnAm vinA rAya ca dujhatAn ! sthitie AvIne UbhA rahevAya; ane tevuM pAvana.rdhAra saMmAma yuge yuge " pracalita samAdhAna zuM buddhigamya evA A vartamAna yugamAM thaI paDI che, tenI yathArthatA paNa 5 sAbita azakya ke asaMbhavita che? thaI jAya che. saMskRtinA viSaya paratve uparanA pAri. (49) uparanI TIkA naM. 43 juo. (50) juo pu. 1, pR. 2. (51) A uktinI siddhi mATe jIe pu. 1 pR. 6 nI hakIkata tathA pu. 1, pR. 249, 253 (52) kAThiyAvADamAM rAjakoTa mukAme hamaNA ja maLela jaina yuvaka dvitIya pariSadanA pramukha sthAnethI ema kahevAyuM che ke, jaina zabda maryAdita che. saMbhave che ke vartamAnamAM dharmanI vyAkhyA je thaI paDI che tene AzrIne te uccArI haro: bAkI jaina saMskRtimAM te te sthiti ja asaMbhavita che. (kadAca kAThiyAvADanA sthaLa para maryAdita jaNAvyo hoya to te judI vAta che.).

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paricheda ] ane dharma 251 grAphamAM je carcA-vicAraNA rajU karI che temAMthI eka bIjI skUraNa udbhavI udabhavatI che, te tenI satyAsatyatA eka mATe atra "kta karuM chuM. skUraNa ApaNe ema joI gayA ke je be saMskRti asalamAM hatI tenAM nAma-brAhmaNa ane jaina-ema hatAM. pachI vedanI navIna racanA I. sa. pU navamI ke dasamI sadImAM thavAthI brAhmaNa saMskRtinuM nAma pheravAIne vaidika saMskRti nAma pADayuM; ane cheDe kALe eTale ke te bAda bIjI cAreka rAzI jatAM bauddha nAme trIjI saMskRtine udaya thayo. A pramANe eka hakIkata che. bIjI hakIkata ema che ke, jyAre navIna saMskRti UbhI thAya che tyAre tenA utpAdaka hamezAM mahAvicakSaNa, vicAraka ke gaSaka hoya to ja banI zake che ane tevA guNane dhAraka manuSya kyAre banI zake ke jyAre pote aThaMga vidyAvilAsI tathA zAstrane pAraMgata hoya te ja. matalaba ke, paMDite, vidvAno ke AcAryo heya tevAthI ja navI sarakRtine udbhava-AraMbha thAya che. have A traNe saMskRtine itiDArA tapAsIzuM te eTalI bInA te svayaM jaNAI Ave che ke, brAhmaNa saMskRtinA paMDitAe ja, vana ane bauddha saMskRti apanAvI che; kAraNa ke temAM aneka daSTAMta itihAsanA pAne caDela dekhAya che; paNa jaina ke bauddha saMskRtinA paMDitoe brAhmaNa saMskRti apanAvI hoya evuM eka paNa daSTAMta jaNAyuM nathI. athavA banyo hoya te kaI rokho dAkhalo ja. A sthiti ema puravAra kare che ke, te jamAnAne vaidika saMskRtinA saMcAlakamAM game te rItane atireka vyApI gayo che jeIe; ke jethI temanA vidvAne ane paMDita tene tyAga karI anya saMskRti tarapha valaNa dharAvatA thaI jatA hatA. AvA atireka be prakAre heI zake che. eka aMtarathI ane bIje bAhyathI. aMtatethI tene kahI zakAya ke je, majakura saMskRtinAM vidhividhAna ke anudAnane aMge utpanna thato heya; ane bAhya tene kahevAya ke je rAjasattA athavA AcArya jevA purUSenI dhAkadhamakIthI utpanna thato heya. atyArasudhIne je ItihAsa ApaNe jANI cUkyA chIe te uparathI ema jarUra kahI zakAze ke, bauddhasaMskRtinA udaya samaye bAhya atireka nahota; kemake te vakhate brAhmaNa saMskRtine pAlaka koI rAjA nahotA, paNa jenasaMskRtipradhAna rAjAo hatA kharAH ane je hatA temaNe paNa kyAMya asahiSNutA vAparI heya ke damadArI karI hoya tevuM noMdhAyuM nathI. eTale AMtarika atireka ja te udbhavanA kAraNarUpa banyo he joIe ema anumAna karavuM rahe che. jyAre AgaLa jatAM azokavardhana, priyadarzina ane zuMgavaMzIone rAjaamala tapAsIzuM te rAjasattAne atireka thayela mAlUma paDe che. chatAM kahevuM ja paDe che ke azokavane ke priyadarzine kadI paNa rAjasattAne upayoga dharmanA anudAna bAbatamAM potAnI prajA upara karyo heya-are Adaryo hoya-tema batAvI zakAze nahIM; jyAre zuMgavaMzIone amala bAhya atirekanA javalaMta daSTAMta tarIke itihAsamAM hamezAM yAdagAra ja rahI jaze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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SaSThama pariccheda pariziSTa. sArA--kevaLa pariziSTo mATe ja pariccheda chUTo pADavAnuM kAraNa-- pariziSTa (1) mathurAnagarI:--tenAM prAcIna ane vartamAna sthaLa vizenI samajUti-si'hastUpa vizenI mAhitI tathA te UbheA karAvavAmAM rahele Azaya-te sthAnanI saMskRti je dharmane AbhArI che. tenu khatAvI Apela hA-tenA vinAza thayAnA samayanA aMdAja-mathurAnI rahIsahInu Apela vana-- pariziSTa (2) takSilAnagarI --tenI utpatti saMbaMdhI cAlI rahela khyAla, keTalA darare agrAhya che tene batAvI Apela mama-tenI prAcInatA sa''dhI ApelI vigata-rAjakIya mAmalAe tenI karI mUkelI avadazA-vatamAna sthitinAM kAraNa ane samayanI lIdhela tapAsa-tenI vidyApITha vizenI Apela keTalIka mAhitI-- A banne nagarInAM prajAjanA je dharmane anusaratA hatA te upara kareluM vihu'gAvalAkana

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paricheda ] mathurAnagarI 253 pR. 243 thI 246 sudhI zahArATa kSatra gaNAya tevI cejanA ghaDavI paDI; jethI A nA dharmanuM je vivecana ApaNe ApyuM che te AkhA paTama paccheidamAM te be nagarI viSenuM vAMcavAthI barAbara khyAla Avaze ke, A prajA khyAna mAtra pariziSTarUpe ja ALekhAyuM che. vizeSa dharmacusta hovAthI temanAM jIvanaprasaMge () mathurAnagarI upara avAranavAra te vizenI chAyA paDatI dekhAya che. A zahera vartamAnakALe jo ke bahu vaLI temanAM be mukhya tIrthasthAno-mathurA ane vistAravaMta ke jAherajalAlIvALuM rahyuM nathI ja. tazilA-temanAM rAjyanAM pATanagara hevAthI chatAM viSNubhakto-kRSNabhaktonuM te pavitra temanA rAjaamalamAM kAMIka vadhAre prakAzamAM sthaLa uparAMta tIrthadhA chevAthI samAnArthe tene AvyAM che. A be nagarone lagatI aneka mathurAjI kahIne saMbodhAya che. jema kAmadevanI mAhitI itihAsanA abhyAsanI daSTie kaDavI mITI dRSTi aneka sthAna upara paDI dekhAya jANavA jevI che. jo ke temAMnI theDIka, upa- che tema A paricchedamanAM bane nagaro paNa temAMthI ramAM samayAnusAra jaNAvAI gaI ja che; chatAM bAkAta nathI rahyAM. eTale ke pUrva samaye mathurAghaNae ApavI bAkI rahI che tenI, temaja nagarIne mAthe rAjapATanA zahera tarIke kIrtije apAI gaI che tenI yathAprakAre samajaNa kaLaza caDI gayo hate eTaluM ja nahIM paNa maLI zake te mATe saMgrahita paNe guMthaNa karIne eka- lakSmIdevInI amidaSTi paNa tene lalATe aMkita dhArA vAMcanarUpe rajuAta karavAnI AvazyaktA thaI gaI hatI. jemAM sAmAjika, vyavahArika ane lAge che. eTale tene A kSaharATanA itihAsa rAjakIya kSetre tenuM sthAna madhyAhnasthita sUryanI sAthe ja joDavAnuM yathAyogya lAgyuM che. paNa peThe jhagamagI uThayuM hatuM, tema dhArmika kSetre paNa sAthe vaLI ema vicAra Avyo ke, itihAsamAM eka vakhata thavA pAmyuM hatuM. ahIM je varNana varNavatA bhUpatio, amAtya ke rAjakAraNamAM lakhavAnuM mana thayuM che te tenI dhArmika mahattvatA joDAyelA anya purUSanAM vRttAMta sAthe AvAM ke vaibhava batAvavAnA hetuthI nathI ja, paNa tene sthAna paratvenAM vivecana na bheLavAya te sArUM. lagatI-temAMthI upasthita thatI-aneka aitihAA kAraNathI te banene lagatI hakIkata pari. sika ghaTanAonI gerasamajUti dUra thavA pAme, ziSTarUpe dAkhala karavA mana thayuM. bIjo tathA kharI vastusthiti zuM hatI te upara sAco vicAra e che ke, pariziSTa mAtra te puravaNa prakAza paDe te mATe che. jevAM hovAthI DAM pRSThomAM ja patI javAM ItihAsa kahe che ke, vaiznava saMpradAyanI joIe; jyAre AmAM te lagabhaga vIseka pUchI utpatti zrI vallabhAcAryajI mahArAjanA varada rokAya tevuM dekhAI AvyuM eTale tene lagatuM eka haste I. sa. nI keTalIye zatAbdi pasAra thayA svataMtra prakaraNa pADIne, sAmAnya itihAsathI bAda thavA pAmI che. eTale je samayane Itijudu dekhAI Ave temaja pariziSTa rUpe paNa hAsa ApaNe A pustakamAM ALekhavAne che (1) vaiSNava ane vaiznava vacce zuM phera gaNAya che ane zabdanI vaparAza vartamAnakALe eka ja bhAvArthamAM bAbatanI mArI mAnyatA meM uparamAM pR. 86. TI. 24 mAM karAtI rahI che. ]. jaNAvI che. [ vizeSa pRcchA karatAM jaNAyuM che ke te Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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154 mathurAnagarI [ SaDama teTalA prAcIna samaye te saMpradAyanuM tIrthadhAma hoya ema gaNI zakAya nahIM. paNa je mukhya saMskRti vaidika dharmamAMthI teno ubhA thayA che tene lagatuM sthAne haju te heI zake kharuM. jo ke tene purA itihAsa Apato nathI, eTale ApaNe tenI vicAraNA choDI devI paDaze. te vakhatanI bIjI eka saMskRtinuM nAma-bauddhadharma-apAyuM che. tenA vize, A kSaharATa kSatranA ja saradAra ane ziratAja evA minenDaranA samaya vize lakhatAM, te dharmanA prakhara abhyAsI pro. rIjha DevIsanuM je maMtavya baMdhAyuM che te ApaNe temanA ja zabdomAM akSaraza: pR. 24, TI. naM 33 upara jaNAvI dIdhuM che. te uparathI ema kalpI zakAya che ke bauddhadharma pravartaka thI buddhadeva ane mire jaranA samaya vacce lagabhaga 350 ne je gALo paDyo che te daramyAna A nagarIe tevuM sthAna prApta karyuM hoya, paNa te hakIkata temaNe sAhityagraMthonA AdhAre jaNAvI che. ane sAhi. tyamAM kevIye ghAlamela thaI gayelI mAlUma paDI Avela najare caDI che ke, purAtatvavetAo tene ema ne ema svIkAravA taiyAra hotA nathI; kayAM sudhI ke tene zilAlekha, sikkA ke tevA ja (2) to te temanI utpatti thayA bAda ja A sthAna temanuM tIrthasthAna banyuM tevuM joIe, ema ApaNe gaNavuM paDaze. (3) A pustaka gavaramenTa opha InDiyAnA ArkIolojIkala khAtA taraphathI 1901 mAM bahAra paDela che. kurAne lagatA keTalAka AMTI kale nIcenA sthAne ApaNane vAMcavA je maLI zake che - [1] InDIyana enTIkarI pu. 37muM. I.sa. 1908. [2] epIgrAphIkA InDIkA. pu. 9 pR. 139 ane AgaLa, [3] sara kaniMgahAmata, koInsa epha eAnTa iDIo. anya sabaLa purAvAone Ta na maLI Ave tyAM sudhI. AvI sthitimAM purAtattvavettAoe bahAra pADeluM " mathurA enDa ITasa enTIkavITIjha '' nAmanuM eka AkhuM svataMtra pustaka tathA tene lagatA ja viSayo upara pragaTa thayelA bhinnabhinna graMthomAMnA lekho ane nibaMdha mere khaDA thaI rahyA che tyAre kene vizeSa mAnanIya gaNavA-sAhityagraMthanA varNanane ke AvA saMzodhanakhAtAnA niSNAtanI kalamothI bahAra paDanAM varNanene-te vAcakavaMde ja svayaM vicArI levuM rahe che. je saMzodhakonA abhiprAya vizeSa vajanadAra lekhavAnuM gaNAtuM hoya te teo sarve ekamata thaIne jAhera kare che, ke te sthaLe, ubhA karAyelA AvA stUpo ane anya purAtatva sAmagrIone moTe bhAga (moTe bhAga eTalA mATe ke, maLI Avela sAmagrIomAM kaIka bhAga haju zodho bAkI rahyo hoya te te apekSAe teTalAne anirNita avasthAmAM rAkhIne ja A pariNAma jaNAvAyuM che ema gaNAya ) jaina dharmanAM smArakono ja che. vaLI By way of elimination=samanvaya karatAM eka pachI eka saMbhAvanA uDADI detAM-bAda [4] gujarAta vidyApITha taraphathI bahAra paDeluM, purAtatva nAmanuM patra, pu. 2, pR. 294. [5] royala eziyATika sAITI epha kheMgelanuM jaranala 5, 7, pR. 341 ane AgaLa. [6] gauDavAmAM paNa ghaDIka hakIkata ApelI che prastAvanA pR. 156.) [7] bhAratakA prAcIna rAjavaMza. pu. 2, 5. 193 ane AgaLa. [8] kembrIja hisTrI opha InDIyA. pR. 167: pR. 574 ane AgaLa. [9] prIsepsakRta InDIana enTIvITIjha. pu. 2. pR. 223 thI AgaLa. I. I.

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pari cheda ] kayA dharmanuM tIrtha karatAM javAnI rItathI-paNa sAbita thaI gayuM kahevAya che, jyAre mathurAnAM prAcIna avazeSo, nathI vaidika dharmanAM ke nathI bauddhadharmanAM tyAre te pachI te samayanA traNa dharmo athavA saMrakRti- vedika bauddha, ane jena-paikI bAkI rahela trIjAnAM ja eTale jainadharmanAM ja hoI zake che. ATaluM prAthamika nivedana karyA bAda te 241251mid 21315 03151 241461 1712 ane temAMthI maLI AvatI aitihAsika ghaTanA enI neMdha karIzuM ke je ApaNane bhaviSyamAM upayogI thaI paNa paDe. ( 1 ) kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke-"Inscription on the Mathura Lion-capital ( cir. 30 B. C. stating the name of the Sakaf Satarap Patika ) was discovered by audit Bhagwanlal Indrajit in 1869; it represents two (4) mathurAne siMhastUpa jainene ja che. te mATe uparamAM chaThThA khaMDe paMcama parichede pR. 245 juo: ane te jenane hevAthI temanI saMskRti taraphanA bane lIdhe samrATa agnimitre te toDI nAMkhyo hato (juo te mATe tenA vRttAMta pR. 86 TI. naM 24). (5) juo ke. hi. I. pR. 504, (6) purAtattvanI raulImAM, keTalAka akSare (jevA ke, ca, cha, ja,ga, za, Sa, sa, I. ) judI judI rIte aMgrejI AlaphAbeTa-mULAkSaramAM lakhavA hoya tyAre lakhAya che; paNa tevI nizAnIo sAmAnya aMgrejI mULAkSamAM-chApakhAnAnA bIbAmAM-hetI nathI eTale ahIM tevA me utAryo che ema samajI levuM. (7) kayA saradAro kaI prajAnA che te zodhI kADhavAnI bahu jahemata vidvAnoe uThAvI nathI, athavA uThAvI che te temAM bahu phatehamaMda thayA lAgatA nathI, tethI ahIM pAtikane zaka prajAne jaNAvyuM che. bAkI te kSahara Ta prajamAMne che (jo ke kSaharATa prajAmAM paNa zaka prajanuM mizraNa thayeluM che ja, je ApaNe AgaLa jatAM zaka lions, reclining back to back and facing in the same direction. Its style is strikingly Iranian. The cap ital must originally have surmounted a pillar and must itself have sup. porte:l some religious emblem: but its purpose had long ago been forgotten and wben it wus discover ed, it was built into steps of an alter devoted to the worship of Si. tula, the goddess of small pox -y ! siMhastUpavALe lekha (jemAM zaka kSatrapa patikanuM nAma che ane Azare I.sa.pu. 30nA samayano che.) I. sa. 1869 mAM paMDita bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIte zodhI kADhayo hato. temAM paraspara eka bIjAnI pIThane aDhelIne ane eka ja dizAmAM jaI rahelA evA be siMha batAvAyA che. tenuM prajanA varNanamAM je IzuM. ) (8) mULa lekhamAM 42 no AMka che ( jenI samaja mATe uparamAM pR. 232 nI hakIkata juo) paNa A AMkane zaka saMvata dhArI levAyo che ane zakasaMvatanI sthApanA I. sa. 78 mAM thayAnuM gaNAyuM che, eTale te hisAbe 78-4ra I. sa. pU. 36 Ave te gaNatrIe paM, bhagavAnalAlajInI mAnyatA ahIM jaNAvAI che. bAkI mULa lekhamAM te 42 ne ja AMka che. (9) jyAre bane siMhanI pITha ja ekabIjAne maLI rahI hoya, tyAre baMnenA moDhAM sAmI dizAe ja AvI rahe, paNa ahIM eka ja dizAmAM jotAM hovAnuM jaNAve che, te ema samajavuM ke " eka sIdhI lITIe" te siMharAne joI rahyAM che. eTale ke pUrva pazcimanI sIdhI lITIe athavA uttara dakSiNanI sIdhI lITIe; nahIM ke kATakhUNe eTale ke eka siMhanuM meTuM uttaramAM hoya ane bIjanuM pUrvamAM hoya ane tema chatAM bannenI pITha eka bIjAne aDhelI rahI hoya tevI sthitimAM nahIM ja,

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256 10 ghaDatara ajAya" rIte irAnanI kaLA pramANe karelu che. mULe te ekane staMbha upara gAThavI haze, ane pachI tenA ( beThakanA ) upara kAika dhArmika cihna 11 mUkayu haze, paNa tene Azaya lAMbA samayathI bhUlI javAyA haze; ane jyAre te jaDI AvI tyAre achakaDAnI devI eTale zItaLA mAtAnI pUjA mATe racelI vedInA pagathiyAmAM caNI dIdhelI hatI. .. che [ mArI noMdha:--je siMha che. te jainAnA chellAM tItha kara mahAvIranu lakhana ( jue pu. 2. pR. 75. TI. 2) ane je je sthaLe mahAvIrane upasargA-tapazcaryA karatAM karatAM je sakaTa athavA laya AvI paDe che te sahana karavA paDyA hatA tevAM sthaLAe, tenA parama bhakta mahArAjA priyadarzine staMbhA UbhA karAvyA che; tathA tenI oLakha mATe siMhu ''nI AkRti temAM tevAM sthaLanA nirdezane mATe te te ratabhAnI TAMce khesArI che ema ApaNe pu. 2, pR. 368 tathA TI. na. 43, 44 upara jaNAvI gayA chIe. tevA ratabhAmAM A paNa ' mathurAnagarI (10) AvI ja zaMkA sAranAtha stUpanA ghaDatara mATe thaI che; tyAM tene grIka ke inTasanI kaLAnA namunA tarIke jaNAvAyo che; paNa mULe te kaLA AryAvartAnI hatI ane pAchaLathI tyAM gaI hatI ke tyAMthI ja ahIM' AvI hatI temaja tenA dhaDanArA kArigaro kayA dezanA hatA; te badhuM vana samrATa priyadazinanA caritre me lakhyu che. te mATe jIe pu. 2, pR. 333, 328 371, 376, ane AgaLa I. i. ( viSayA zeAdhI kADhavAnI je cAvI ( pu. 2 nA aMte ApI che tenA pR. 12 upara sAranAtha zabda jue.) ( 11 ) DA. byuharanA paNa te ja abhiprAya che ( jIe e. i. pu. 9, pR. 136) The object is to record a religious donation on the part of the Chief Queen of the Satarap= kSatrapanI paTarANI taraphathI dhArmika dAna ApavAnI noMdha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ma eka daze. kALAMtare te ratabha paDI jaine, khaDita avasthAmAM bhUgarbhamAM daTAi gayA haze. pachI jyAre khAdakAma karatAM jamInamAMthI maLI AvyA haze tyAre, tene upara pramANe zItaLAdevInA maMdiranI vedImAM caNI levAyA haze. ] A pramANe jaineAnAM aneka jinAlayeAnA stUpone, staMbhAnA ane tenAM jevA anya dhArmika aMzezane phaija thai gayA haiAvAtu have teA itihAsanAM pAne caDI cUkayuM che. temAM keTalAMyane bhAMgI tADI nAMkhI atavyarata ane veravikhera hAlatamAM nAMkhI devAyAM che, 12 tyAre keTalAyane jainetara devadevIonA videzamAM tathA IslAmI dharmanI masjIdonAM caNataramAM, pagathiyAmAM ke divAleA vigeremAM gAvI devAyAM che; 17 tyAre keTalAMyane dhaDIne rUpAMtara karI, anya dharmanA devAlayAmAM padharAvAyAM che; 14 tyAre keTalAMyane ema ne ema AkRti rUpe rahevA daine te upara anya dhI ee tapeAtAnI bhakti-pUjAnAM ayya caDAvI caDAvIne evAM te svarUpa pheravI dIdhAM che15 ke tenu mULa svarUpa zu haze tenI kalpanA sarakhI karavAnA teneA ArAya lAge che. ( 12) AnA daSTAMta tarIke, gvAliyara pAsenA prakhyAta devagaDhanA killA pAsenA dasya jue. yurAne vaDavAstUpa paNa daSTAMtamAM gaNI zakAya (jIe agnimitranA vRttAMte ) ( 13 ) A mATe gujarAtanA amadAvAda, khaMbhAta, bharUca vigeremAM islAmI rAjyakALe badhAvavAmAM AvelAM sthAne tapAse; jemAMnA keTalAMka te adyApi pa ta temanA praLApanI nizAnIe vadatAM najare paNa paDe che, ( 14 ) dakSiNa hiMdamAM hiMdudhama pALatA rAjakartA. enA samayamAM AvA thayelA dhaNA pheraphAro najare paDe che. ( 15 ) pUva hiMdamAM Avela jagannAthapurInu mahAna hiMdutI AvI dazAne prApta thayela heAya ema mArUM' anu mAta che ( viroSa mATe jIe pu. 4, cakravartI khAravelanu' vRttAMta ) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] kyA dharmanuM tIrtha 250 paNa thaI zakatI nathI, je dharma eka vakhata tain contemporary Sataraps govern vizvavyApaka banI, sarva keAIne potAnI huMpha ing other provinces of Saka realm ApI rahyo hato tenI ja AvI durdazA ane and other eminent personages of karUNAmaya thayelI sthiti najare jotAM aneka AMsu the time=A zilAlekha pachI lipinA kharI paDe che. paNa kALadeva haMmezAM sarvabhakSI lakhANathI bharacaka che. temAM tenI sthApanA vizenuM gaNAya che; tema ja darekanI caDatI paDatI hamezAM dhArmika tatva paNa varNavela che; tema ja dAtA thayA ja kare evo kudaratI niyama che. vaLI sarva pote je mahAkSatrapa rAjulanI paTarANI hatI vastu je sarvadA eka ne eka svarUpe ja rahyA tenuM nAma, teNInA kuTuMbI sarva sabhyonAM nAmo karatI hatI te jagatane pachI jANavAnuM ja zuM uparAMta, zaka prajAnA rAjyavALA anya prAMtanA raheta? temaja A saMsAra vicitra che ema je vidyamAna subAo17 ane te samayanA bIjA ukti thaI paDI che tenuM rahasya zI rIte sama- prakhyAta puruSanAM nAme, paNa lakhAyelAM che." jAta ? A pramANe vizvabaddha niyamane anusarIne [mArUM TIpaNu-jyAre mahAkSatrapanI paTasamrATa priyadarzine UbhA karAvelA siMhastaMbhano rANIe ja A mahatsava pitAnA kharce ujavyo paNa pheraphAra thayo hovo joIe ke ema che, tathA te prasaMge potAnA sarva sagAMne belAApaNe kalpI zakIe chIe. ane tethI DekaTara vyAM che; tema ja judA judA prAMtonA svajAti bhagavAnalAla Ichata vade che ke, te staMbhane UbhA kSatrane paNa AmaMtryA che tyAre te te badhuM karavAne mULa Azaya je haze te lAMbA samaya ema batAve che ke te prasaMganI mahattA teNInA yane lIdhe visArI devAyo haze tathA zItaLA mAnavA pramANe meTI hatI. nahIM to bhUmaka jevA mAtAnI vedImAM tene vaNI levAyo haze vigere temaNe mahAkSatrapane khAsa AmaMtraNa ApI, pramukhasthAne varNavelI sthiti taddana satya ja che. bIrAjavAne zA mATe vijJapti karavAmAM Avata? (2) The Kharosthi inscription vaLI A prasaMga kAMi sAmAjika ke sAMsArika with which the surface is completely nahote ja, paNa dhArmika kriyAne hato. eTale covered associate in the religious sAbita thAya che ke kSaharATa prajA bahu dharmamerit of the foundation, the donor custa hatI.18 teo jenadhamAM hatA ema ApaNe herself, the Chief Queen of the great temanAM caritra AlekhanamAM paNa jaNAvI gayA Satarap Rajula, and all the members chIe; tema ja saghaLA vidvAnoe paNa bhArapUrvaka of her family, together with cer te stUpane jaina dharmano hevAnuM jAhera karyuM che. (16) jIo A pariziTe AgaLanI hakIkata, (17) bhUmakanA pratinidhi kSatrapa nahapANa tema ja mahAkSatrapa lIaka ane kSatrapa pAtika vi, mathurAnA pradeza sivAyanA sUbA hatA ema A uparathI thayuM ne ? (sarakhAve lIkane mathurane kSatrapa mAnI lIdhela 33 hevAnuM keTalAkanuM maMtavya vigere kathana pR. 239 upara) (18) A sarva vastusthiti ApaNe uparanA caturtha paricchede varNavI dIdhI che, te sAdhAra hatI ema have samajAze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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258 sarve kSaharATa [ SaSama eTale te samaye jaina dharmanI kevI jAhejalAlI hatI, tema ja rAjakartI komamAM paNa te dharma pratye ke bhaktibhAva ane prema uchaLI rahyo hato, te badhuM spaSTatApUrvaka batAvI Ape che. vaLI A sarva kSatraponuM vatana sakasthAna 19=zitAna hatuM. (jo ke A sarve kSaharATa hatA tema ja temanuM sthAna gAMja dezamAM hatuM ema upara jaNAvAyuM che. vaLI AgaLa jyAre zakaprajAne hevAla lakhIzuM tyAre sAbita karIzuM ke A kSaharATa prajAmAM paNa zaka prajAnuM lehI mizrita thayuM te hatuM ja. matalaba ke eka gaNatrIe kSaharATane zaka prajA kahIe te cAle tevuM che ja, eTale ke zaka tathA kSaharATa sarve jaina dharmIo ja hatA ane tenuM mULa zodhavAmAM Ave te kahevuM paDaze ke, mahArAjA priya dazine, A samaya pUrve lagabhaga doDha be sadI upara je dharmapracAra mATe pitAnA dhammamahAmAtrA mokalyA hatA temanA prayAsa ane upadezane laine ja A prajAmAM te dhUmanA bIjanuM lepana thayuM hatuM.] (3) " It was a stronghold both of worship of Krishna and Jainism (C. H. I. P. 526) kRSNanI pUjAne tathA jaina dharmane bannenA te majabUta killA samAna hatuM. " eTale ke mathurAjInuM tIrtha te jenuM paNa tIrthasthAna hatuM tema ja kRSNa bhaktinuM paNa hatuM. zrI kRSNa kayA dharmAnuyAyI hatA tenI carcA karavAnuM atra sthAna nathI. prasaMga AvatAM te bAbata jo ke hAtha dharIzuM ja. atyAre te eTaluM ja jaNAvavuM rahe che ke zrI kRSNanA sagA kAkAnA dIkarA-Tale pitrAI bhAI neminAtha karIne hatA. jemanuM nAma mahAbhArata nAmanA graMthamAM, ke je graMtha pitAno che ema vaidika mata vALA jAhera kare che temaNe paNa kabUla rAkhyuM che. matalaba ke, neminAtha nAmanI vyakti aitihAsika che ane sarvamAnya paNa che (kalpita nathI ja). te neminAthane jaina ghanuyAyIo potAnA eka tIrthakara tarIke mAnI rahyA che. have je zrI neminAtha jaina dharmI hoya te zrI kRSNa je temanA ja sagotrI ane kuTuMbI sagA che te paNa zuM jainadhamAM hoI na zake? vaLI ApaNe te bAbatanI thoDIka khAtrI te vedikamatanA nakhazIkha sahAyaka ane saMrakSaka, tema ja jainamatanA kadara SI evA rAjA kalika urphe samrATa agnimitranA pitAnA ja hAthe mathurAnuM tIrtha bhAMgI nakhAyuM hovAnI hakIkata jaNAvatAM meLavI paNa cUkyA chIe. chatAM hAla te eTalo ullekha ja basa gaNAze ke te vidvAna lekhakanA kathana pramANe A tIrtha bane saMpradAyanuM lekhAtuM hatuM. (4) " As Mathura is mentioned in the Milinda as one of the most famous places in India, whereas in Buddha's time, it is barely men. potAnA deza eTale svadeza pratyenI mamatA mATe temaNe zakasthAnane badale sthAna vAMcyuM che. bemAMthI game te artha karo chatAM ApaNI matalaba to banemAM sare (19) I. e. pu. 37:-Rvela rA thAnasa pu In honour of the whole Sakast. hana of the land of the Sakas ( Dr. Bhagwanlal Indrajit )=34644 8157410 athavA zakamananA saMsthAnanI yAdImAM (De. bhagavAna. lAla iMdrajIta ): jayAre De, phI, teno artha ema kare che ke In honour of his own home= (20) A vastusthiti have ItihAsanA abhyAene samajavI rahetI nathI, kemake priyadarei keta rAvela lekhamAM A saghaLuM spaSTapaNe darzAvela che.

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pariccheda ] tioned=jo ke mathurAne milinDA nAmanA graMthamAM hiMdabharanAM utkRSTa--prakhyAta zaherAmAMnu eka gaNAvyuM che; jyAre ( chatAM ) khudda(deva)nA samaye te tenA ullekha suddhAMta karAyA nathI. 21 ' eTale graMthakAra mahAzaya je aududharmanAM pustAnA (dAnika pustakAnI vAta eka bAju rAkhIe; aitihAsika graMthanI apekSA ja laIe) UMDA abhyAsI che tathA te bAbatamAM eka sattA samAna lekhAya che ane khrIstI dharmanuyAyI che, temane mata ema che ke milinDA nAme je pustakamAM mirenDarane bauddha dhamA kherakhAMha ane tattvajJa darzAvela che tathA jene mathurApati kahevAyA che, te mathurA zaherane eka ati prakhyAta ane sa'pattivALuM zahera te samaye (birenDaranA samayamAM eTale i. sa. pU. 180) gaNavAmAM bhale AvyuM che; chatAM zrI khudevanI haiyAtI daramiyAna AvaDI moTI soMpattivALA zaheranuM tathA bauddha dharmanA mathaka jevuM gaNAtA sthaLanuM nAma sudhdhAM paNa levAmAM AvyuM nathI. tethI temane peAtAne te bAbata eka aNuUkelyA krAyaDA samAna lAgI che; tethI eTalu melIne ja aTakI jAya che ke...the time of its growth must have been between these dates=A tArIkheA vacce ( A tArIkheA eTale eka bAju zrI khudevane samaya je i. kSatrapAnA dha (21 ) jIe pre, rIjha DevIe raceluM " dhI buddhisTIka inDIyA " nAmanuM pustaka pR. 37. ( 12 ) teA zuM A uparathI ema zaMkA nathI udbhavatI OM minenDarane vidvAnoe bhale khodharmAM mAnya che paNa svabhAvika rIte anya praznanI mAphaka te jainanA ja viroSaprazaMsaka hatA; sikkA uparanAM paNa cinho jaina dharmanAM hAvAM chatAM ajJAtapaNAne lIdhe ja bASpa dharmanAM kahevAyAM che vaLI bIjI ghaNI ye hakIkatA eka dhanI hevA chatAM ye khAne khAte caDI gaI che. tevI ja sthiti A mane Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 259 sa. pU. 520 che te ane bIjI bAjI:rAjA mirenDaranA samaya je i. sa. pU. 180 nA che te; A be vaccenI sADItraNa sadInA gALA ) tenI baDhatI kadAca thaI haze. A pramANe temaNe anizcita ane zaMkAmaya niya ApyA che. pagu have te ApaNe A sADAtraNa sadInA itihAsathI vAk paNa thaI rahyA chIe temanA ( lekhaka mahAzaya pre. DaeNvIjha sAhebanA samaya sudhI je mAhitI nahotI te upara keTalAya prakAza meLavI cUkayA chIe-eTale ema uccAravA jeTalI zakti dharAvatA thayA kahevAIe ke mathurA nagaranI baDhatI jo A samayanA aMtaragALe thavA pAmI hata te tenA pUrAvA kayAMka paNa dekhAyA vinA raheta nahIM. eTale mAnavAne kAraNa rahe che ke, te zaheranI prakhyAtI, jAheAjalAlI ane gaurava tA zrI khudevanI haiyAtI samaye paNa hatAM ja: paNa temanuM jIvanacaritra varNavatAM graMthAmAM mathurAnu nAma suddhAMta je levAyuM nathI te eTalA sArU haze ke te sthAnane bauddhadharmanAM sthAna ke tI sthaLa tarIke kAMI saMbaMdha ja haze nahIM. ( 5 ) An inscription probably dated from A. D. 157 ( Saka 79 ) mentions the Vodva Tope as < Built by the nDaranA kissAmAM paNa kAM banavA pAmI na hoya ! " [minenDaranA dhama paNa jaina nahIM te jainamaya hovA joIe ja; tene TekArUpa hakIkata e che ke tenA kSatra| ( jIe bhramaka, rAjIvula, liJaka I. " sarve kSaharATono dhama "vALA pAri. ) badhA jaina dhama pALatA hatA: bAdazAha minenDara paNa te ja kSaRsrATa prajAnI bhUmimAM janmyo hatA; vaLI teNe pA sadI sudhI hiMdamAM jIvana ga!LyuM hatuM. eTale kAM te dharma tarapha sahAnubhUti dharAvatA thaI gayA na heAya-anavAnega che ja. ] www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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sarve kSaharATa [ SaSTama gods" which as Buhler rightly re- marks, proves that, it in the second century A. D. must have been of considerable age, as every thing concerning its origin had been already forgotten=vaLI AgaLa jatAM A lekha upara pro. jAla kArpenTIara nAme che. byularanA jevA ja sattA samAna gaNAtA anya vIjha vidvAna potAnA vicAra jaNAvatAM lakhe che ke, Much the same religious conditi ons as shown by the inscriptions ( at Mathura ) have been preserved in the Jain Church till the present day. Azare I. sa. 157 nA samaye (zaka saMvata 79) lakhAyelA eka zilAlekhamAM vaDavA staMbhane devaracita hevAnuM varNana che. tenI utpatti vizenI saghaLI mAhitI jyAre I. sa. nI bIjI sadImAM paNa bhUlI javAI che tyAre te (staMbha) ghaNAM varSa pUrveno haze ema sAbita thAya che, evuM mi. khularanuM kathana satya kare chepro. jAla kApeTIara jaNAve che ke (mathurAnA) zilAlekhamAM nirdeza karelI dhArmika sthiti adyApi paNa jaina saMpradAyamAM tAdaza jaLavAI rahelI dekhAI Ave che." eTale A banne kathanano sAra A pramANe tAravI zakAya cheH (1) ke vaDavA staMbha devaracita dhAravAmAM je Ave che tene byulara sAheba satya varatu hevAnuM svIkAre che (2) kemake je zilAlekhamAM tenuM varNana lakhela che temAM I. sa157 ne ( bIjI sadIne) AMka che (3) ane jayAre te zilAlekha lakhAya che tyAre eTale ke I. sa. nI bIjI sadImAM paNa te staMbhanI utpatti vize (23) ke, hi. I. pR. 167 ane AgaLa. te samayanA lokone I smRti ja rahI nathI, te rAbita thAya che ke, tenI utpati I. sa. nI bIjI sadI pUrve paNa ghaNI prAcIna hevI joie. (4) ane te zilAlekhamAM je pramANe dhArmika kriyAkAMDanuM varNana kareluM che te ja pramANe sarva sthiti atyAre aDhAra se varasane samaya vyatIta thaI gayA chatAM paNa jaina saMpradAyavALA jALavI rahyA che ema pro. kApenTIara sAhebanuM maMtavya che. [mAruM TIpaNa-i. sa. 157 mAM eTale ke IvInI bIjI sadImAM te zilAlekha lakhAyo dhAravAmAM Avyo che, ane te hisAbe atyAre tene aDhAra varSa uparAMta gaNI kADhayo che; paNa je te I. sa. nI bIjI sadInA pUrvano sAbita thAya che te tenA karatAM paNa vizeSa sane te lekha che ema puravAra thayuM kahevAya. AmAM mULa AMkasaMkhyA te 79 nI ja che. ane tene zaka saMvata ke jeno prAraMbha I. sa. 78 mAM thayo gaNAya che te mAnI laI 78579 =I. sa. 157 ne TharAvAyo che. paNa ApaNe upara pR. 188 tathA 241 mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke te AMka kSaharATa saMvatane che. tema ja tene prAraMbha i. sa. pU. 159thI gaNAya che, eTale te lekhana samaya I.sa.pU. 159-79=I. sa. pU. 80 no gaNavo paDaze. matalaba ke, vidvAnoe je samaya mAnyo che tenI pUrvenI aDhI sadIne ja lekho rahe che. eTale ke Aja pUrve ekavIsa se vaSane te che ATalI hakIkatathI paNa, ApaNe uccArela maMtavyane samarthana maLe che ke, A vaDavA sUpa staMbhane prathama 24 vinAza samrATa agnimitrajeno samaya I. sa. pU. 181 thI 174 ne ApaNe karAvyo che. teNe karyo hate; ane (24) agnimitra samrATe A ratupane je

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paricheda ] kSatrapone dharma te bAda lagabhaga paNa sadIne eTale paNa eka varSane samaya game tyAre, I. sa. pU157 mAM mahAkSatrapa rAjupulanI paTarANue moTA mahotsava pUrvaka baDA ADaMbara ane dhAmadhUma sahita tenI punaH sthApanA karAvIpa hatI. vaLI te bAda cAlIseka varSe eTale I. sa. pU 80mAM mahAkSatrapa pAtika pote takSikAnI gAdIethI utarI gayo tyAre prathama takSilAnA tAmrapatra tarIke oLakhAvAtA sthaLanI yAtrA karI tyAM dhArmika 27 avazeSo ropyAM hatAMte pachI mathurA nagarIe AvI. punaH sthApita vaDavA stUpanAM darzana karI pitAnI bhakti darzAvI hatI ane tenI nizAnI tarIke atyAre carcA rahela leba 28 kAtarAvyo hato. A pramANe upara varNavAyelA banAvonI saMkalanA thavA pAmI hatI.] have khuda zilAlekha pote ja jyAre I. sa. pU. nI pahelI sadIne, tathA te stUpanI punaH vinAza karyo hato ke, tenI aMdara saMgrahIta karI rAkhela dhanasaMcaya prApta karavA mATenI lAlasAthI hato. jo ke te samaye A stupa te ITa, mATI ke cunAthI caNela hatuM: paNuM te mATenI asala hakIkata jana sAhityagraMthamAM ema jaNAvAI che ke te khUba maLe te, pArzvanAthanA samaye (I. sa. pU. sAtamI AThamI sadImAM) dee suvarNamaya banAvyo hate. paNa te bAda keTalAka samaya gayA pachI tene iTathI banAvAya hate. evI gaNatrIthI ke ne suvaNane rahe, to aneka vidane tene naDaze, jethI e ja, tene ja ITane banAvI dIdho hato. paNa agnimitranI kalpanA evI thaI hevI joIe ke, jyAre devaracita che athavA to loka ema manAvI rahyA che te temAM kAMIka camatkArika to haze ja; mATe tenI bhItaramAM kadAca dhanasaMcaya karI rAkhyuM paNa hoya. A hisAbe teNe stUpane vinAza kI heya. (25) kSaharATa prajane dhamadhagaza kevI hatI te A daSTAMta uparathI samajI zakAze. vaLI nIcenI TIkA naM. 28 ane 27 juo. sthApanA I. sa. pU nI bIjI sadInI tema ja tene vinAza i. sa. pU nI bIjI sadInA prAraMbha; I. I. pUravAra thAya che tyAre prastuta stUpanI asala utpatti, khulara sAhebanA kathana pramANe I. sa. pU. nI bIjI sadI pahelAM, keTalAya samaya pUrvI eTale I. sa. pU. nI sAtamI ke AThamI sadInI mAnavAne jarA paNa saMkeca ke kSema ApaNe bhega vo rahetuM nathI. ane te hakIkata jayAre have zilAlekhanA AdhAre tathA vidvAnonA saMzodhanathI sAbita thaI rahI che tyAre ema paNa mAnavuM ja rahe che ke, na sAyika graMthamAM (juo TI. naM. 23 nI hakIkata), A stUpa saMbaMdhI sarva hakIkata satya svarUpamAM ja varNavAyelI che. vaLI jyAre pi, jala kApenTIara jevo itihAsattA bhArapUrvaka jAhera kare che ke, je sAMpradAyika mAnyatA jene dharmanI te samaye hatI te adyApiparyata paNa tAdaza (26) mathurA ratUpanA varNanamAM ja A zilAlekhano AMka 79 che te samaye mathurA upara saMDAsa mahAkSatrapanuM rAjya hatuM, ane pAtika to mAtra yAtrALa ja che; paNa saMDAsanA ane pati nA banenAM nAma sAthe hovAthI vidvAnoe mAnI lIdhuM jaNAya che ke, pAtikane paNa A sthaLa sAthe rAjakIya saMbaMdha haze. bAkI kharI sthiti te e che ke, teNe gAdI choDI dIdhI hatI ane ahIM triA karavA Avyo hato. tenA bIjA ja varSe A mathurA deza paNa ramra Ta mojhIjhe jItI lIdho hato eTale saMDAsane amala paNa pAtika pachI tUratamAM ja baMdha thaye gaNo rahe che (A mATe temanA vRttAMte juo. ) (27) juo pR. 239 mAM pAtikanuM vRttAMta. vaLI A sthAnane kevuM pavitra gaNavAmAM AvatuM hatuM te mATe juo takSilAnagarInuM pariziSTa. (28) pati ke dharmavRttivALo hatA te mATe tenuM jIvanavRttAMta juo tathA uparanI TI. naM. 24 tathA 25 sarakhAvo.

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262 sarve kSaharATa [ SaSTama paNe pravartI rahelI najare paDe che 29 tyAre sahaja anumAna karI zakAya ke, i. sa. pU. 80nA samaye pAtikanA samaye je vidhividhAna cAlu hatAM te samrATa priyadarzananA rAbhaye eTale I. sa. pU. 250 mAM vidyamaMtAM hovAM 30 joIe ja; nahIM to I. sa. pU. AThamI ke sAtamI sadIne saMbaMdha I. sa. pU. nI prathama sadI sAthe cAlu hato ema mAnI zakAya ja nahIM. uparamAM te eTaluM ja pUravAra karI batA- vAyuM che ke, mathurAstUpanI utpatti I. sa. pU. nI AThamI sadInI ApapAsa thayelI hovI joIe. eTale te samayathI mAMDIne mathurA nagarInI jaina saMpradAyanA eka tIrthasthaLa tarikenI te khyAti hatI ema mAnavuM rahe che. vaLI tyArathI AgaLa vadhatAM I. sa. ne AraMbha sudhI paNa te ne te ja sthiti dharmasthaLa tarIke cAlu hatI ja, ema paNa sAbita thaI gayuM che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa tene te ja tIrthadhAma tarIkenI pavitratA TheTha I. sa. nI AThamI navamI sadI sudhI jaLavAI rahyAnA purAvA itihAsanA pAne caDI cUkayAnuM jaNAyuM che. ane te paNa kAMI sAMpradAyika ke daMtakathAnA graMthanAM pAne nahIM, paNa "gauvaha" jevA jetara graMthonAM, ke jenuM bhASAMtara karavAmAM che. hela jevA pAzcAtya vidvAne paNa magarUrI dharAve che. ane je prasaMgane meM ullekha karyo che te prakhyAta kanAcArya ane aitihAsika rAjaguru bapabhakTirinA samaye banyo hato. jema selaMkI kuLa bhUANa gUrjaranareza rAjA kumArapALanA rAjaguru pilA prakhyAta pariziSTakAra hemacaMdrAcArya hatA, tema kaneja ane gAliyaspati parihAravaMzI avataMsaka samAna rAja Azrava ke 32UdrAyuddhanA rAjaguru A bappabhaTTasUri ha . A Amadeva rAjane samaya vikrama saMvata 811 thI 899= I. sa. 755 thI 834=79 varSane gaNAya che. temanA rAjadarabAre bharelI kacerImAM vAdavivAda karIne uparyukta jainAcAryo, vaidika paMDita ane vAdaziromaNI vidvAna vAkapatirAjane jItI lIdhA hatA tathA jaina dharmAnuyAyI batAvyA hatA. vaLI A prasaMganuM varNana khAgaLa calAvatAM jaNAvyuM che ke, mathurAjInA je varAha maMdiramAM vAkapatirAja pUrve dhyAnastha rahetA hatA tyAMthI temane pAsenA pArzvanAthanA jaina maMdiramAM laI gayA hatA. A samaye (I. sa. 826=vi. saM. 882) te bappabhaTTajIe te maMdirane aMge pratiSThA karAvI che; jene aMge te graMthakAra mahAzaye eTaluM ja lakhyuM che ke, He ( Bhappa-bhat Suri) placed a certain 'Top-image in a temple at MathuraetemaNe (bappabhaTTasU (29) jue uparamAM TAMkelA zabda (pAMcamI kalamamAM aMgrejI zabdonuM avataraNa). vaLI A kathanane che. jAla kArpenTIyara jevA anya dezIya ane purA tastranA abhyAsIe saMmati ApI che eTale te hakI- kata vizeSa majabUta banI gaNAze. juo nIcenI TIkA naM. 3 nA samayane aka. (30) sarakhAvo uparanI TI. naM. ra9. (31) samrATa priyadarzinanA samayanI tathA tenA zilAlekhanI keTalIka hakIkta jaina saMpradAya pramANe nathI, evI mAnyatA keTalAka dharAve che. teo A thana upara manana karaze evI vinaMti che. (31) jue gauDava nAmanuM pustaka che. rAITa ane holakRta bhASAMtara. prastAvanA pR. 156, (32) jema solaMkI kuLabhUSaNa gUrjaranareza kumArapALanA rAjaguru prakhyAta pariziSTa kAra hemacaMdrasUri hatA, tema parihAravaMzI kane ja ane gyAliyarapati rana mAmadeva(pelA suvikhyAta bhojadevanA dAdA )ne pratibaMdhaka bapasaMdasUri hatA.

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paricheda ] kSatrapone dharma 263 rie) mathurAnAM maMdiramAM kaIka UMcI ( UMcA kadanI ke koI vastunA uparI bhAgamAM) pratimA padharAvI hatI." jene vizeSa jANavAnI jijJAsA heya temaNe uparanuM pustaka vAMcI jevA vinaMti che. prasaMga bahu rasika ane AnaMda upajAve te che tema sAthe sAthe bodhadAyaka paNa che. AvA badhA etihAsika purAvAthI ApaNa sarvene khAtrI thAya che ke, mathurAjInI prAcIna jAherajalAlI je I. sa. nI navamI sadI sudhI cAlI AvI hatI, te eka mahAna jaina tIrtha tarIkenI ja hatI. navamI sadI pachI tene nAza kayAre thayo te zodhavAnuM kAma anya purAtattvazokhIna vidvAna upara choDIzuM. hAla te eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM ke tyAM jenonI vastI paNa nathI tema moTAM jaina maMdiro paNa nathI. mAtra eka maMdira bajAranI eka bAjumAM ane eka maMdira jaina saMdhanI dharmazALAmAM che. matalaba ke, mathurAnI prAcIna ane arvAcIna sthitimAM jabaradasta taphAvata paDI gayuM che. sAra eTale ja che ke A mathurAstUpa prathamamAM suvarNamaya hato ane te zrI pArzvanAthanA samayamAM (i. sa. pU. 877 thI 777 mAM) devee Balli Gal (The Vodva Tope bui lt by the gods) paNa pachI jema jamAne AgaLa vadhato gayo tema vakhata kharAba thavAnAM cihno dekhAvA lAgyAM. eTale devoe te saMkelI laI, te sthAna upara bIje te ja ITane stUpa Ubho e devaracita tapano nAza mahAvIranA (33) A rAjAnA samaya tathA vaMzAvaLI mATe pu. 1, pR. 187 juo. (34) jue pu. 1, pR. 49. (35) De. nI ezanTa jIogrAphI opha inDIyA pR. 54 (36) re. e. sa. , . 7, pR. 341 nuM samaya bAda thaI jatAM, samrATa ziyadarzine pAcho navo Ubho karAvI te upara siMhanuM cihna goThavyuM haze. ane teNe UbhA karAvela A ratUpanI (athavA teNe je Ubho na ja karAvyo hoya te devaracita ITanA ratUpanI ) durdazA, samrATa agnimitre karAvI nAMkhI gaNavI, te pachI tenuM zuM thayuM te uparamAM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe eTale ahIM punarAvRti karavAnI jarUra nathI. je pradezamAM uparanI mathurAnagarI AvelI che tene prAcIna samaye surasena prAMta 33 kahevA hatA. te prAMtanI rAjadhAnI prAcIna tarIke A 34mathurAne ja bhUgoLa gaNavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, tene trajadeza paNa kahevAya che; jyAre mathurAne 36madhupurI paNa kahevAmAM AvatI hatI; je sthAna upara vartamAnakALe mahelI nAmanuM gAmaDuM AveluM dekhAya che. It was called Madhupuri ( Present Maholi ) Maboli is 5 miles to the S. W. of the modern city of Mathura=Ata mAna mathurA zaheranI vAyavya khUNe pAMca mAIla upara mahAlI AveluM che. vaLI A mathurA nagarIne uttara mathurA paNa kahevAya che. jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM AvelA madhurA( Madura)ne "dakSiNa mathurA" kahevAya che. 37 mathurAnuM bIjuM nAma tIrahuTa paNa dekhAya che. uparAMta bIjI hakIkata ema nIkaLe che39 ke, It was the birth-place TIppaNa juo. (37) ja. e. so. meM. 1874, pR. 25e 2. e. so. pu. 7, 1877, pR. 155. (28) prIsepsa inDIana enTIvITIjha pu. 2, pR. 223 nuM TIpaNuM juo. (39) jue De 8 enTAnTa jIogrAphI e

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264 mathurAnI [ SaSTama of Krishna=zrIkRSNanI janmabhUmi hatI. its various places are =tenAM judAM judAM sthAne ramA pramANe che -(1) janmabhUmi athavA kArAgRha =hAlanuM je pArakuMDa kahevAya che tenA kAThe zI kRSNane janma thayo hato (2) malapurA=rAnI pAse nAnuM gAma che tyAM He ( Krishna ) fought with wre- stlers=ANe (zrI kRSNa ) mAla sAthe yuddha karyuM og: ( 3 ) Kubj:i's well is the place where he cured Kubja of her hemp= kujA nAmanA sthaLe teNe (zrI kRSNa ) kujA dAsI khudha maTADI dIdhI hatI. (4) kaMkAlitilA=sakA tilA=sa kAnilA is the place where he killed Kansa; te sthAna upara teNe zrI kRSNa ) kaMsa(rAjA)ne kApI nAMkhyo hato, eTale ke khUna karyuM hatuM. 25 uparathI samajAya che ke "kaMkAlitilA" te " kaMsakAtilA" nuM apabhraMza thaI gayuM lAge che. (5) vizrAmaghATa is the place where he rested after his victory=241 2410 pite (zrI kRSNa ) vijaya meLavyA bAda vizrAma lIdhe hate. che. bhagavAnalAla IdrajIta lakhe che ke, "mathurAmAMthI je mUrtio ane nakazIkAma maLeluM che tenI barobarI kare tevuM vizeSa nakazIkAma pezAvara taraphathI varNana maLelA grIka kArigIrInA namUnA sivAya hiMdustAnanA bIjA koI bhAgamAM mArA jovAmAM AvyuM nathI." A uparathI te evA anumAna upara AvatA dekhAya che ke, tyAM zrIka kArigare khUda hAjara hatA athavA te grIka kArigaronA hAtha taLe zIkhIne taiyAra thayela hiMdI kArigaro hatA. [ mArUM TIpaNa vadhAre vAstavika te ema hoI zake ke, teo grIka kArigare athavA temanA ziSyo nahIM paNa grIka kArigarInA gurU hevA joIe, kAraNa AgaLa uparanuM vivecana juo.] jyAre eka bIjA lekhaka, orIenTala opha i. sa. 182, pR. 23, 24 nA AdhAre ema jaNAve che ke, "mathurAse je prAcIna mUrtimAM Adi nIkaLI che, unakI bhI sadasyatA mitra dezane Dhagase hai khAsa kara unameM je cihna the vaha mitra deza jese hI thI.... hiMdI kArigIrInI prazaMsA gAtA A banne utArA je ekatrita karIne sarakhAvIzuM te e ja sAra Avaze ke A prAMtamAM je kAMI kArigArI maLI AvI che te, mizra deza tathA grIsa dezane maLatI che; pachI te banne dezanA (misara-IjI temaja grIsa) kArigare hiMda dezanA kArigaronA gurU hatA ke ziSyo hatA te tapAsavuM bAkI rahe che. sAmAnyataH e niyama che ke, jo eka ja sthaLe be athavA vadhAre dezanA ke bhUminA kArigare ekaThA thayA te tevI ekatrita thayelI vyaktio pote gurU hovAnA karatAM, ziSya havAne ja vadhAre saMbhava gaNI zakAya; kemake eka ja vidyAgurU pAse ghaNuM pradezanA vidyArthIo vidyAprApti arthe saMmilita IDIA pR. 54. (x0) According to Grouse, it is the n:onastry of Upgupta visited by Mr. Heden Tshang=mi. grAujhane maMtavya pramANe A sthAna te upagumane vihAra hatuM, jenI mulAkAta mi. hyuena sAMge lIdhI hatI. (41) jue purAtatava pu. 2, pR. 294. (42) juo surata mukAme sana 1923 mAM mudrita, bhagavAna pArzvanAtha nAmanuM purataka pU. 192.

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paricheda ) prAcIna bhUgoLa 265 thavAnuM haju vizeSa zakaya gaNI zakAya; jyAre eka tyAre ja banI zake; ane te samaya te ghaNo ja vidyAgurU judA judA pradezamAM jaIne pitAnA ghaNe prAcIna hato ema pR. 173 thI AgaLamAM vidyArthIo UbhA kare, te haju kAMIka duzakaya jaNAvAI gayuM che. matalaba ke je samayanI atyAre gaNAya; eTale prastuta viSayamAM, vadhAre saMbhava- te be hajAra ke bAvIsa se varSanI-carcA ApaNe nIya sthiti te ema havAnI kalpI zakAya che karI rahyA chIe, tevA TANe te tevI sthiti kalpI ke, mathurAnA kArigara misara dezanA ane grIka levAno vicAra sarakhe paNa taddana hAsyAspada dezanA kArigarAnA ziSya hevA karatAM, temanA lekhAze. eTale vadhumAM vadhu ema kahI zakAze ke, gurUe ja hevA joie (uparamAM, mArA TIpaNuM A samayanI lagabhagamAM ja-athavA samrATa priyatarIke, Takele abhiprAya sarakhAvo). vaLI darzinanA samaye-sAranAtha staMbha upara katarelA jabUdIpamAMthI zAkakIpa je judo paDyo che tenI siMhanI kArigIrI vize tathA te samayanI kAMIka tavArIkha ApatAM ApaNe IzAro karI saMskRtinA saraNa vize ullekha karatAM-pazcima gayA chIe ke, jaMbudvIpa te Arya saMskRtinuM dezanI kArigIrI asala ke pUrva dezanI asala-je dhAma hatuM jyAre zAdIpa te ardhaja galI dazAmAM sthiti hovAnuM sAbita karI gayA chIe te ja ja hatuM. vaLI koI paNa buddhimAna kahI zakaze rithati paMkti bhagavAnalAlajIe pradarzita karela ke je prajA saMskRta hoya te ja ardhajaMgalI prajA A mathurA nagarInI mUrti saMbaMdhamAM paNa upara pitAnI chApa pADI zake nahIM ke ardhajaMgalI pravartI rahela hevI joIe. eTale ke hiMdanI prajA heya te pitAnI chApa saMskRta prajA upara kArigIrIne mULa athavA guraNI tarIke samajavI pADI zake. A uparathI khAtrI thaze ke, je grIka ane grIka athavA mizra dezanI kArigIrI te asala ane misara dezanI-eTale ke zAkahIpanI-zilpa- uparathI nakala athavA ziSya tarIke samajavI. kaLA che tenuM janmasthAna te jakhadIpamAM ja che. (2) takSilA, takSazilA hA, eTaluM haju banavAjoga che ke judA judA sAMpratakALanA sAhityagraMthamAM tenI sthAsamaye, jema kALacakranA jhapATAmAM eka pachI khA-utpatti bauddhadharmanA pravartaka zrI gautama bIje deza AvI jAya che, tema kaI kaI vAra buddhanA samayamAM thayelI manAve mizra deza paNa saMskRtinA UMcA zikhare caDI tenI che, jyAre Arya prajAnA beThe haiya; temaja grIsa dezanA bhAge paNa te utpatti ati prAcIna pustakamAM paNa yazarekhA keIka samaye lAgI gaI heyaH jyAre A nagarInAM nAma ane tevA samaye jaMbUdIpanI zilpakaLAne hINapa varNana suddhAM maLI Ave che, eTale kharUM zuM che lAgI gaI che. paNa AvA banAva te jaMbU- te ApaNe tapAsavuM rahe che. dvIpamAM aMtargata rahIne jyAre zAkIpa bhUminA gAMdhAra dezamAM te nagarI AvelI che. eka aMza tarIke hayAti bhegavI rahyo heya vaLI tene te dezanI rAjadhAnI tarIke paNa gaNA (43) kAbula nadInI bAjumAMnI katAra ane 5 , 5. para) siMdhu nadInI vacce pradeza te gAMdhAra (purAtatva tazilA ane puSapura-hAlanuM pezAvara

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266 takSilAnI [ SaSTama vAya che. te dezamAM tenA jevuM ja jAhojalAlIvALuM pupapura (purUSapura) karIne eka bIjuja zahera hatuM jene hAla pezAvara tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. mi. megelvenIjha nAme je grIka elacI pATaliputra darabAre azokavardhananA samaye mAyo hata tenA kahevA mujaba A tazilAnagarInuM aMtara magadha dezanI rAjadhAnIthI gherI raste 950 mAIla hatuM ane vAMke raste 1000 H184=6000 7331241 ( stadia ) og'; or417 kathAsaritasAgara nAmanA pustakamAM tenuM sthAna, paMjAba dezanA rAvaLapiMDI jIllAmAM vitastA (jhelama ) nadInA kAke, jyAM vartamAnakALe zAhagherI nAmanuM gAmaDuM 45 AvyuM che tenI najIkamAM hovAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. sara kaniMgahAma tenuM varNana karatAM jaNAve che ke46 " Shaha -Dheri or Dheri Shuhan, the royal residence is the ancient Taxila. The old fortified city, which is still surrounded by stone-walls, is called Sir-IKah, which all the peoples ag. ree in stating, is only a slight alteration of Sir-Kat or the Cut- Head "=zAhagherI athavA gherIzAhane te ja purANI takSikAnAM rAjamahelanuM sthaLa che. te prAcIna killAbaMdha zahera (hatuM), tenI AsapAsa sAMpratakALe paNa pattharanA gaDha najare paDe che. pracaMDa levAyakA pramANe zirakaTa- - gAMdhAra dezanAM be mukhya zahere hatAM. (44) jue uparanI TIkA naM. 43. (5) purAtatva 5. 1, pR. 5ra:-purAtatva khAtAne paNa stUpe tathA matie ahIMthI ja jaDI ziracchedanA ucAramAM kAMIka pheraphAra thavAthI tene siraha kahevAya che." uparanA vAkyamAM ApaNe tenA sthAna viSe kAMI zaMkA uThAvavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. je zabda upara mAre vAcakavarganuM bhArapUrvaka lakSa kheMcavAnuM che te "pracaMDa loka91451 471@=all the people agree in stating" zabda ja che, eTale ke daMtakathAne AdhAra temaNe jaNAvyo che. pachI A zirakaTa zabdano artha samajAvatAM temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke Cut-Head is the exact meaning of aksha-Shir or Takha-Shir, which was the Buddhist form of the name of Taksha-Shela or Taba-Sbila, from which the Greeks made Taxilla. The change of name Taksha-Shir was made to suit the legend of Buddha, having cut off his head to offer to a hungry tiger=de Canet athavA takhazila nAmane je bauddha graMthamAM zabda che tene ja barAbara rIte artha utarato A takSazira athavA takhazira zabda ( ziraccheda) che, ane te uparathI ja grIka lekee takSikA TharAvyuM che ane sudhArtA vAghane khavarAvavA pitAnuM zira zrIbuddhadeve je utArI ApyuM hatuM te daMtakyAne baMdhabesatuM thavA mATe takSazira nAmamAM pheraphAra karavAmAM Avyo che. eTale ema kahevAno Azaya dharAve che ke, mULa nAma te takSazila ja hatuM paNa bauddha sAhityagraMthamAM -- - AvyAM che. (46) juo ke. e. i. pU. 60; tathA I. ke. I. pu. 1, prastAvanA pR. 8

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paricacheda ] utpatti vize A takSazilA nagarI vize ema jaNAvavAmAM (1) tathAgata zabdano upayoga karAya che tathA AvyuM che ke, te sthAna upara bhagavAna buddhadeva (2) cAinIjha bhASAnA zabdo samAnaekadA padhAryA hatA, je samaye eka khUba bhUkhe vAcI-samAna arthavALA jaNAvyA che. te be DAMsa je vAgha tyAM AvI caDyo hato ane muddA saMbaMdhI vizeSa prakAza pADavA jarUra che je te vAghanI bhUkha tRpta karavA temaNe potAnuM zira AgaLa upara jaNAvIza.] kApIne dharyuM hatuM. te zira kApavAnI kriyAnA AvI rIte jyAre prakhyAta ane nAmacIna smaraNacihna tarIke te sthAnanuM nAma takSazira puruSoe pitAnA maMtavya AgaLa dharyA che ane (takSa kayuM zira mAthuM) pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. te paNa mezarsa phA-hiAna ane hyuenatsAMga A matalabanI daMtakathA pravartamAna che. te prasaMgane jevA khuda bauddhadharmanA custa bhakta pravAsIanurUpa thavA mATe takSazilAnuM nAma pheravIne pachI janenA abhiprAya sAthe; eTale ApaNe te takSazira rakhAyuM che. vastu tarapha durlakSa te karI na ja zakAya. paNa [mArUM TIppaNu "takSazilA " mAM takSa" zodhakhoLakhAtAmAM hamezAM jema banatuM AvyuM ane "zilA' e be zabdo che. temAM zilAne che tema, eka vakhata sudaDhapaNe nizcita thayela artha te pattharanI pATa jevo thAya che; pachI tene vastu paNa vizeSa majabUta purAvAnA AdhAre pherazira rAye kayAMthI saMbaMdha dharAvI zakAya ?] vavI paDe che. athavA chevaTe te vastu te purAeTale was made to suit the legends vAnA svarUpamAM pharIne vicAravI paDe che-jema te daMtakathAne anurUpa thavA pheraphAra karAyo che azokanA kahevAtA zilAlekhene tenI kRtio te hakIkata mATe mArI zaMkA uddabhave che. vaLI hovAnuM mAnI levAne badale have, tenA pautra ane teo anya sthAne lakhe che ke 47-Hiuen- gAdIvArasa mahArAjA priyadarzinanI hovAnuM Tshang expressly states that " This jaNAvAyuM che, tema ja te sarvane azoka je bauddhais the spot where Tathagata cut off dhamAM samrATa hatA te dharmanAM pharamAnane badale, bis head. Fa-Hian ( A. D. 400 ) samrATa priyadarzina je jainadhamI hatuM tenA dharmanAM also states that Takshasbila means eTale jaina dharmanI prarUpaNa karatAM pharamAna karAin Chinese words " Cut-off head. "- vAyAnuM sUcana karAyuM che, tema-A bAbatamAM paNa hayuenazAMga spaSTa rIte jaNAve che ke, tathAgata kema na bane te mATe te viSaya jarAka vistArathI pitAnuM zira kApI ApyuM hatuM te A ja sthAna ApaNe tapAsa paDaze; kemake saMkSiptamAM lakhatAM che phA-hiAna 48 (I. sa. 400 ) nA kahevA vAcakavargane saMpUrNa khAtrI kadAca na paNa thAya. pramANe paNa takSazilAne cAinIjha zabdomAM uparamAM vidvAnanA je keTalAka utArAo samAnavAcI artha "ziracheda " thAya che. " meM TAMkI batAvyA che, temAM je zabda-vA spaSTIAvA Azayane maLatA ja abhiprAya anya kAraNa mAMge che te mArI TIpaNamAM rajU karyA che, vidvAnoe 8 paNa uccAryA che. [mArUM TIpaNa: tathA moTA akSare jaNAvyA che. have te vize vive (47) jue . e. i. prastAvanA 5, 6. (49) jue re. . va. pu. 1,5. 136 ane (48) te ja pusta-prastAvanA 57. AgaLa; tathA . 138 nuM TI. naM. 45.

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168 cana karIza, te zabda vAkayeA nIce pramANe cAranI sakhyAmAM che. ( 1 ) praca'Da lokavAyakA pramANe (2) te daMtakathAne anurUpa thavA pheraphAra karAye che. ( 3 ) tathAgata zabdanA upayega thayeA che. ( 4 ) ane cAinIjha bhASAmAM tenA samAnavAcI artha thAya che. AmAM pratyeka muddo eka pachI eka tapAsIe. ( 1-2 ) A cAramAMthI prathamanA :khe muddAo-leAkavAyakA pramANe che ema jyAre te pote ja jaNAve che tyAre ApaNe te vize bahu vivecana karavA jarUra rahetI nathI; kemake tene khIjo kA sabaLa pUrAvA ja nathI maLatA ema temanu kahevuM thAya che. eTale pachI tenA UMDANumAM utaravu niraka che. temAM samAyalA khIjo muddo-daMtakathAne anurUpa thavAnA pheraphAra karyAM bAbatane che. te muddo paNa pahelAnA jevA ja takalAdI che. jethI vizeSa vivAdamAM paDavAnuM kAraNu nathI rahetu. eTale te vidvAna lekhaka sara kaniMgahAmanA maMtavya sAthe hAla te| ApaNe paNa saMmata thai jazuM ke, takSazilAnA athane kharAkhara rIte athavA sUcavelA bhAvArtha pramANe te daMtakathAnI vastu khadhakhestI AvatI nathI ja. ( 3 ) have trIjo muddo tathAgata zabdanA upayeAma karAyA che te; tathAgata ane yuddhadeva te banne zabdo zrI gautamabuddha mATe vaparAtA dekhAya che-cAhe te vizeSaNurUpe hA, ke vizeSa nAmarUpe eTale birUdarUpe paNa hai|-paNa mArI samajaNu thai che tyAM sudhI ema jANuM chuM ke jyAM sudhI temane vizvavyApi jJAna prApta thayu nahatu. athavA jene bauddha paribhASAmAM kahIe te temane nirvANu prApta thayuM naheAtu ( keTalAka mate 57 varSanI umare ane keTalAka mate 59 varSanI umare ) tyAM sudhI temane tathAgata zabdathI samedhavAmAM AvatA naheAtA; tema ja 80 varSanI umare te tahilAnI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ 14ma kALadhama pAmyA athavA bauddha paribhASAmAM teozrI parinirvANane pAmyA tyAM sudhI temane zrI yuddhadeva sakhAdhana lagADI zakAtu' nahIM. matalaba ke tathAgatanuM birUda temanI jIvaMta avasthAnu ( chellA 21 ke 23 vastu) che mane zrI mudda deva te temanA dehavilaya thayA bAdanuM che. vaLI AvA sarvavyApI-vizvavyApI-jJAnanI je prApti thaI zake che te mAtra manuSya bhavamAM ja khate che; anya kAi bhavamAM nahIM jaH eTale ema samajavu rahe che ke, tathAgatane je ziphphaTanA prasaMga lAgye che te temanA manuSyajIvananA bhavamAM ja ane potAnI jiMdagInI uttara avasthAnA 21:23 va daramyAna ja: te pUrvenA keAI anya daMDadhArI temanA avatAramAM teA banyA nathI ja, have jyAre manuSyadehe ja A zirakaTanA prasaga banyA heAvAnu kare che, tyAre tenA atha ema thayuM ke, teozrIe potAnuM mAthuM takSilA nagarInA sthAna upara ja kApI ApyuM hatuM. eTale ke temanuM zarIra tyAM ja paDayuM-tyAM ja temanA dehanA aMta Avyo-gaNAya. to pachI temanA parinirvANunuM sthAna je auddhagraMthAmAM bihAra prAMtamAM gayAjI ke kuzInagara jaNAvAya che. tenuM kema ? zu' mAthu' kApI ApyA bAda, pAchA sajIvana thai, dehadhArI manuSya banyA hatA ? A pramANe te koi kALe banyuM nathI, banatuM nathI ane khanavAnuM paNu asabhavita che. eTale ema siddha thAya che ke, je kASTha prakAre A zirakaTanA prasaMga uthalAvI uthalAvIne tapAsI jI tA paNa eka ja sAra nIkaLaze ke, nakhara 1-2 muddAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe ane sara kaniMgahAmanA zabdomAM varNavyA pramANe, te sarva hakIkata mAtra da'takathArUpe ja upajAvI kaDhAyelI dekhAya che. ( 4 ) cothA muddo-cAinIjha bhASAnA samAnavAcI avALA. jo A hakIkata satya ja kare te eka www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ]. utpatti vize ora na ja prazna Ubho thAya che ke, zuM cInanI je rIte anumAna karI levAyAM che temAM koI bhASAne anulakSIne, hiMdanI nagarInuM nAma pADa paNa prakArane DeghaNe paNa saMbaMdha nathI ja. vAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke? tema banavA gya nathI chatAMye carcAne aMta lAvavA eka bAragI ja; chatAM mAnI jo ke tema banavA pAmyuM hatuM mAnI le ke buddhadevanA keI pUrvabhavamAM te tene phalitArtha ema thayo kahevAze ke, zrI buddha- (manuSyabhavane badale anya dehe temane AtmA devanA zirakaTane prasaMga banyo, ane nagarInuM jo hoya teve samaye) A prasaMga nAma paDayuM te pahelAthI cInI bhASA belanArAone (zikiTano) prApta thayuM hatuM, ane tenI yAdate zabdanI ane prasaMganI mAhitagArI hevI girImAM tathAgata pite (pAchalA bhavanuM jJAna jene joIe ja. tema banyuM hovAnuM te prAthamika utpanna thayuM hoya teja mAtra kahI zake, je daSTipAte paNa asaMbhavita jaNAya che, kemake amuka sthaLa te ja che ke jyAM amuka samaye cIna dezamAM buddhadeva vize je kaMI paNa jAtanI Avo banAva banI gayuM hatuM. bIjA kaI mAhitI pahoMcI haya, temaja tyAM bauddhadharma prANIne bhAra nathI ke bhUtakALanI vAta kahI phelAyo hoya, te te buddhadevanA parinirvANa pAmyA zake che athavA temanA AdezathI temanA bhakta. pachI keTaleya kALe ja banyuM che, nahIM ke temanI janoe te sthaLe navI ja nagarI vasAvI hatI, tathAgata tarIkenI avasthAmAM ke te pUrve. takarAra athavA tyAM je nagarI asti dharAvatI hatI tenuM patAvavA khAtara kadAca ema dalIla karavAmAM nAma pheravIne takSazilA pADayuM hatuM. je nagarI Ave ke hiMdI leke, cInadeza sAthenA vepAra ane navI vasAvI hatI ema kahe che, te takSazilAnuM vANijyanA sahavAsane lIdhe, cInAI bhASAnA astitva ja te pUrve nahotuM ema svIkAra keTalAka zabdothI jANItA thaI gayA hatA jethI karyo gaNAze; jyAre temanA bauddhagraMthamAM pitAnA eka nagarane te bhASAnuM nAma Apa- paNa evuM varNana maLI Ave che ke, buddhadevanA vAmAM AvyuM hatuM. te prazna e pAcho upasthita jIvanakALe (eTale tathAgatanuM birUda prApta thayuM thAya che ke, hiMdI prajAne zuM evI bhaviSyakALanI te pUrve paNa) A takSazilA nagarImAM kabajakhabara paDI gaI hatI ke AvA koI mahApurUSanA pati rAjA pulusAkInI rAjagAdI hatI; te pachI dharmopadezane prabhAva cInadeza upara paDavAne che khulAso karavo paDaze ke te nagara vasyuM kayAre? mATe te bhASAnA arthavALuM nAma, buddhadevanA mRddhivALuM banyuM jyAre ane rAjagAdI zirakaTa nA sthAnane ApavuM yogya gaNAze? yogya teNe sthiti prApta karI kayAre? jo ema A pramANe hiMdI bAjunI, tema ja cIta dezanI kahevAmAM Ave ke te sthAne pUrvakALe kaI nagarI bAjunI, ema banne dezanI bAjunI saMbhavita te hatI ja; paNa A samaya bAda ja tenuM nAma sthiti vicAratAM, zirakaTanA prasaMgane takSazilAnI pheravIne takSazilA rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. te vaLI nAmotpatti sAthe ghaTAvI zakAtuM nathI ja. A prazna e thaze ke, AvuM kathana uccAravAne pramANe cAre muddAnI tapAsa letAM AkharIe tamArI pAse AdhAra zuM che te jaNAvo? zuM eka ja nirNaya upara AvavuM paDaze ke buddhadevanA phAhiyana (i. sa. 400 ) ane hUenatsAMga zirakaTanA banAvane, takSazilAnA nAmecAra sAthe, (I. sa. 640) jevA yAtrike, je buddhadevanA

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takSilAnI [ SaSTama parinirvANa (I. sa. pU. pa0) pachI anukrame ja gAdIe besAryAnuM ane bIjA naMbare AvanA eka hajAra temaja bArase varase hiMdamAM AvyA bAhubaLIne takSazilA nagarIvALuM rAjya ApyAnuM hatA temanuM AvuM kathana che ke mahAvaMza ane jaNAvAyuM che. matalaba kahevAnI e che ke, dIpavaMza jevAM bauddhadharmanAM pustake, jemane kALa A bane anyamati graMthamAM A nagarInuM paNa buddhadevanA samaya pachI bAra varSane astitva ja keTalAye purANakALathI cAlyuM gaNAya che temAM tevuM kathana che? bauddhadharmanAM ja AvatuM jaNAvAyuM che. pustakane AdhAre vizeSa vajanadAra lekho ke A pramANe dareka prakAranI dalIlathI tathA anya saMpradAyanA graMthane? je anya dharmanAM svataMtra purAvAthI sAbita karI zakAya che. tyAre kathanane vadhAre vizvasanIya gaNatA te, temAMnA niHsaMdeha kabula karavuM ja rahe che ke, zirakaTanA eka vaidika matanuM kathana A pramANe che prasaMgane ane takSazilA nagarInI utpatti ke It ( Taksha-sbila ) is said to have nAmoccAra sAthe kAMI ja saMbaMdha nathIH bhale been founded by Taksha the son pachI phariyAna ke hyuenazAMganA varNanamrane of Bharata and nephew of Rama= AdhAra batAvAya ke anya prakAre vastu upasthita rAmanA bhatrijA ane bhAratanA putra takSa (rAjA). karI devAya. je A yAtrikonAM varNana AdhAre e 5takSazilA vasAvyAnuM kahevAya che." jaNAvAtuM hoya te kahevuM paDe che ke, temaNe eTale ke, takSazilA nagarInuM nirmANa cheTha rAmA- svadharmanI vAhavAha kahevarAvavAmAM lekhanakaLAne vatAranA samayane lagatuM che; jyAre bIjo mata atireka karI vALe dekhAya che. je jaina che te saMpradAyanuM kathana jANavAnI te pachI takSazilA nAma kevI rIte paDayuM? AvazyakatA vicArAya te, temAM te takSazilAnuM purAtattvakAranA mata pramANe, te nagarInuM astitva che, temanA prathama tIrthakara rUSabhadevanA nAma tyAMnI zilpakaLAne aMge paDayuM hoya ema samaye paNa hatuM ema jaNAvavAmAM Ave che; samajAya che. athavA takSaka rAjAe 5 vAgyAthI kemake temaNe dIkSA samaye potAnA rAjya prade- tevuM nAma paDayuM heya. takSazilA kotarelI zanI je vaheMcaNI potAnA putra vacce karI batAvI zilA, athavA nAgarAjA takSakanI zilA. viraMDa che temAM potAnA jyeSTha putra bharatane pitAnI sIlanA maMtavya pramANe paNa tyAM koI (50) juo Dejha ejanTa jIogrAphI opha InDIyA pR. 92 (pa) juo nIcenI TI. naM. 55nuM asala lakhANa, (52) vedika matamAM jema bhAratanA samaye takSa zilAnuM astitva jaNAvAyuM che tema jaina matamAM paNa bhAratanA samaye ja che : banemAM bhAratanuM nAma sAmAnya che paNa vyaktio bhinna che: bane vaccenA samayanuM aMtara paNa ghaNuM ja che. (53) kalpa. su. TIkA. pR. 119 juo. (54) purAtatva pu. 1, pR. 52. (55) sarakhA uparanI TI. naM', pa nuM mULa lakhANa (56) jue. re. . va. pu. 1, pR. 136:N. l'. of the capital about 10 li( 19 miles) is the tank of Naga-Raja Rovato 914 vya khUNe Arore 10 lI(15 mAila)ne che. nAgarAjanuM taLAva Avela che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] utpatti vize 27ii nAgarAjanuM eka taLAva te hatuM ja; eTale purA- tasvakAranI vAtane paNa Take maLato dekhAya che. tema bIjI bAju sara kaniMgahAma paNa lagabhaga tevA ja vicArane jaNAya che. te lakhe che ke The Indians were not ignorant of stoue-masovary: Taksha-Sil-nagar is cut-stone-city=[8 ? El Bl 44241 caNatara kAmathI ajJAta nahotA. takSazila-nagara eTale pattharanI kotaraNIvALuM zahera." vaLI A sarva hakIkatane majabuta purAvArUpa te e hakIkata che ke, je purAtatvakhAtAne lagatA padArtho A nagarInA avazeSomAMthI maLI AvyA che te paNa zilpakaLAnA nAdara namUnA rUpe ja gaNAI rahyA che. eTale A nagaranI utpatti vize purAtattvakAranuM kathana mAnavAne ApaNuM mana vadhAre lalacAya che kharuM. pachI te zilpakaLA koI takSa, ke takSaka rAjAnA samayanI hatI, athavA te takSarAjA bharataputra hatA, te kayA bharatanA-rAmanA samayanA ke rUSabhadevanA samayanA te saghaLA prazno bhale hamaNuM aNaUkelyA ja paDyA rahetA. ATaluM (57) jue che. e. i. prastAvanA pR. 6 (58) ja. e. bI. pI. se. pu. 1, pR. 107 TI. naM. 121:- But Taxila ceased to be a Hindu capital about 505 B. C.: for it was then or there about that it passed under the rule of Darius=paNa takSiA Azare I. sa. 5. 505 mAM hiMdu prajAnA janagara tarIke baMdha paDayuM; kemake te samaye athavA te arasAmAM DerIasanI sattAmAM te gayo hato (3riyasanI pahelAM sAIrasanA rAjamale paMjAba prAMta irAnanI sattAmAM che ke gaye hatuM, paNa hiMdI itihAsanI vidvAnone jANuM na hovAthI atyAra sudhI badhI sthiti mAtra kalpanAnA bAdhA re lakhe rAkhI che. ) (59) nIcenI TI. naM. 14 nuM lakhANa juo. (60) ke. e. I. 5. 65- philAnA varNana tenI Utpati vize thayuM. have tenI jAhe jalAlInuM tathA te pachI teno nAza viSenuM paNa kAMIka varNana karI laIe. I. sa. pU. nI chaThThI zatAbdimAM AkhA paMjAba ane kebeja (guMbajIyA) upara rAjA pulusAkInI sattA hatI te rAjakIya ApaNe pu. 1, pR. 71-74 vAtAvaraNe upara jaNAvyuM che. tenuM maraNa nIpajAvela Azare i. sa. pU. 551 mAM sthiti thatAM te pradeza upara irAnI zahenazAhatanI sattA jAmI hatI. temane amala lagabhaga eka sadI eTale liMbAyo haze. A daramyAna tyAMnI prajAnA rItarivAjamAM tathA sAmAjika vyavahAramAM irAnI prajAnuM mizraNa thaI gayuM hatuM, ane temAMthI kSaharATa prajA tathA temanI kharodhI bhASAno udbhava thavA pAmyo hoya, ema paNa ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ( juo pachamakhaDe prathama paricchede tene lagatI hakIkata). tyArabAda te prAMta upara magadha samrATa naMda navamAnI hakumata AvI sikkAnuM varNana karatAM sara kaniMgahAma jaNAve che ke, As all these coins were found to. gether they must have been current at the same time, but as the greater number are of the Indian stau dard, I infer that they must belong to the indigenous coinage prior to the Gr. eek occupation=A sarva sikkAo eka ja sthalethI maLyA che eTale dekhAya che ke te eka ja samaye cAla vaparAzamAM haze, paNa teno moTo bhAga hiMdI dhoraNa pramANenI banAvaTano che. tyAre mAruM anumAna ema thAya che ke grIka lokoe (paMjAba) kabaje meLavyo te pahelAMnA te dezI sikA ja hovA joIe" (eTale ke sikaMdarazAhanA samaya pahelAMnA te sikkAo hatA ema kahevAno bhAvArtha che. juo pu. 2, sikkAnA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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272 takSilA upara [ pakkama hatI ane tene vAraso kamavAra caMdragupta mauryane ane tenA putra biMdusArane maLyo hata; paNa biMdusArane rAjaamala na thatAM, tyAMnA nAnA moTA rAjAe aMdara aMdara kaleza karI laDavA maMDI paDayA hatA ( juo pu. 2, pR. 224); je takane lAbha laI zrIka bAdazAha sikaMdarazAhaalekajhAMDara dhI greTa paMjAba raste thaIne hiMda upara caDI Avyo hato. te samaya sudhI tazilA nagarInI jAherajalAlI pUra bahAramAM hatI. te vakhate A prAMtanI prajAnA rAharazama viSe lakhatAM mi. vi-leMTa smithe jaNAvyuM che ke:-"At the time of the invasion of Alexander the Great, the Greeks noted with interest and without disapprobation the local customs, which included polygamy, the exposure of the dead to be devoured by vultures and the sale in the open markets of maidens who had failed to secure husbands in the ordinary cou- rse...... Exposures of the dead to be devoured by vultures was and still is a Persain custom ( Herod. I. 140 ) It is practised to this day in Tibet and was in ancient times the usage of the Lichchhavies of Vaishali, who appear to have been either Tibetaus or a cognate people i Ind. Ant. 1908. P. 983) alakajhAMDaranI caDAI vakhata, grIe (tyAMnA) sthAnika rItarIvAjonI kALajI pUrvaka temaja nAkhuzI vinA noMdha lIdhI hatIH jemAM eka karatAM vadhAre strI karavAne, mRtyudehane ughADA rAkhI gIdha pakSIne phADI khAvA dene, tathA je kumArikAo cAlu paddhati pramANe pati meLavI nahotI zakatI temanuM jAhera rIte bajAramAM lilAma thavAne, rivAja paNa hate. dehane UghADA rAkhI gIdha pakSIne phADI khAvA devAno rivAja te IrAnIomAM (pU paNa) te ane haju paNa che64 (heroDa. 1H 140 ) tibeTamAM sAMpratakALe paNa te rivAja pravarte che ane prAcInakALe vaizALInA livIo ke jemanI olAda tibeTanI athavA tene maLatI prajAnI che temAM paNa te ravaiyo hato. (InDIenTI. 1903 : pR. 233) A uparathI phuTa thAya che ke, sikaMdarazAhanA humalA vakhate je sAMsArika sthiti paMjAbamAM pravartI rahI hatI, te citrapaTamAM AkRti. 1, 2, 3.) (61) purA. pu. 1, pR. 5ra:-" sikaMdarazAha hiMda para caDI Avyo tyAre te ( takSazilA ) nAhIjalAlIvALuM zahera hatuM." (62) jue . hi. I. trIjI AvRtti pR. 154 (13) te ja pustaka pR. 154 TI. naM. 2. (64) hiMdanA pArasIomAM paNa khA rivAja vartamAnakALe pravartI rahela che. temanA mAdarevatanathI cAlI AvatuM hatuM ema kahI zakAze. uparanI TIkA naM. 59 vALI hakIkata jue. irAnI zahenazAhatanI hakumatanuM ja pariNAma Ane kahI zakAze. (15) vaizAlIne licchavIemAM A rivAja hate te mATe temaNe AdhAra kAM hota, te te upara vicAra karavAne avakAza maLata. A sivAya AvI noMdha bIje najare paDatI nathI. bAkI eTaluM pUruM ke linAe ane TibeTane, tathA uttara sthaLanA mAMgoliyo "pIta prajA " tarIke oLakhAya che ane teonA pUrvaje eka ja prajAmAMthI utarI AvyA hoya ema anumAna karAya che. (sarakhA cha khaMDe prathama parike jaMbudvIpavALI hakIka1)

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pariccheda ] rAjakAje pADelI asara A kAMI hiMdanI bhItaranA pradezamAM cAlatI nItinuM ke samAjanI kauTuMbika mane dazAnu` citra dAravanArI kAi paNa prakAre naheAtI ja; paNa hiMdanA sImA prAMtamAM ja mAtra paMjAbamAM jahatI, ke je sthiti tenA upara daMrAnI zahenazAhatanI hakumata eka sadI uparanA samaya sudhI rahevA pAmI hatI tenA pariNAmarUpe ja thavA pAmI hatI, je taddana nimULa na thatAM haju (sikaMdaranA samaye) ka ika tenI chAyA tarIke sacavAi rahI hatI, te bAda sikaMdarazAha jyAre peAtAnA svadeza pAchA pharyAM hatA tyAre paheA paMjAbanI rAjasattAmAM palaTA ANyeA hateA. mi. vinseTa smitha lakhe che ke "When Alexander the Great left In* dia, he made over Taxilla to king Ambbi of Taxila & Punjab to king Poros: & left no Macedonian garrisons in thcse provinces=jyAre alekajhAMDara hiMda heADI gayA tyAre teNe takSilAnA rAjA AMbhine takSilA, ane rAjA porasane pajAba pAchAM soMpI dIdhAM hatAM ane A prAMtamAM mesI DeniyananI kAI lazkarI TukaDIo rAkhI naheAtI. A kathananA sAra ema karavAnA che ke, jema bIjI zAsaka prajAnA rItarivAjanI asara pujA ,, (66 ) kha. hi. iM. trIjI AvRtti, pR. 115. (67) pu. 2. pR. 381 upa2 TAMkelA ha* huM. nA lekhakanA pR. 510-12 uparanAM avataraNA sAthe sarakhAve. (68 ) mA pu, 2, pR. 6. TI. naM. 10 tathA pR, 40 ane rR. 349 TI. na*. 89 nI hakIkata. (69 ) ke, e. i. pR. 61:--Double-die coins with elephant & lion are very common, not only in the western Punjab 35 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 23 anI prajA upara thai hatI tema A yavana prajAnuM kAMi ja nAmanizAna rahevA pAmyuM nathI. eTale rAjyasattAnA pAchA palaTA thatAM ja, tyAMnI sthiti pAchI badalAvA mAMDI hatI; eTaluM ja nahIM paNa samrATa aro|kanA samaye jyAre yavana saradAra sethyukse peAtAnI kuMvarIne tenI vere (azAkavardhanane) paraNAvI tyAre te, UlaTA yavana prajAe hiMdI prajAnA rItarivAjo aMgIkAra karavA mAMDyA hatA. temAMye azAka pachI tenA pautra priyadarzinanA samaye te, jyArathI teNe potAnA dhammamahAmAtrAne DeDa siriyAnA jhAMpA sudhI-eziyAI turkInA samudra taTa sudhI-upadezakeA tarIke mAkalAvyA hatA tyArathI temanA prayAsavaDe tyAM vera, sarvAMtra AyanItinAM ja paDachaMdA ane nizAnaDakA vAgI rahyA hatA. tenI sAbitI tarike agAnistAnanA mANikayatAlA nAme zaheramAM mahArAjA priyadarzine UbhA karAvela stUpo 8 ApaNe joie chIe; tema ja A pradezamAMthI ta samrATanA hAthInA mahArAMvALA sikkAe paNa ApaNane maLI AvatA rahe che. eTale ke mahArAjA priyadarzinanA samaye tA te sarva prajA A saMskRti pALatI banI gaI hatI. paNa tenuM mRtyu thatAM, maurya sAmrA jyanA suryAsta beTheo-zarU thayA ane yavana-yAna but also in the Kabul valley etc; P. 62:-- a large coin was found in a stupa at Ushker ( Kashmir) evaDI aDI mArela, hAthI ane si`hanA mahorAMvALA sikkAo pa'nakhanA pazcima bhAgamAM ja ghaNA sAmAnya thai paDyA che ema nahIM paNa kAbulanI khANavALA pradezamAMthI paNa maLI Ave che. ( pR. 62. ) eka moTo sikko kAzmiramAM Avela uSkaranA stUpamAMthI jaDI AvyA hatA ( ajameranI pAse je che te puSkara ane ahIM kAzmiramAM che te uzkara) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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taphilAne [ SaSThama pArthiana vigere paradezI prajAnAM TeLeToLAM hiMda tarapha ubharAvA lAgyAM. te sarve mAM arasaparasanI sattA jALavavAnI rasAkasI thatAM-be pazunI mArAmArImAM vRkSane mara-tanyAye takSazilA nagarIne ja nAsa thaI gayo haze ema samajAya che. mahArAjA priyadarzinanA sikkA jayAre maLI Ave che tyAre ema te siddha dATa athavA ja thayuM ke, tenA samaya sudhI vinAza takSazilAnI haiyAti tathA jADejalAlI kaDedhaDe hatI. te bAda kAMI paNa vizeSapaNe ke sAmAnyarIte-tenA vize jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. UlaTuM eka graMthakAra te ema jaNAve che ke, maurya kAlAkI do kRtiyAM abataka prApta he sakti che ke AbhUghaNuMke rUpameM hai takSazilA ke aMtargata " bhIDa" nAmaka sthAna para ye AbhUSaNa prApta hue hai sAthameM DimeTrIasakA eka sikkA tathA kucha anya purAnI mudrAye bhI mili hai mauryakAlake ye AbhUSaNa bahuta hI suMdara hai ! takSazilAmeM mAryakAlakA anya ke ullekha gya kRti prApta nahIM huI hai! jyAre A pramANe sthiti hovAnA purAvA maLI rahetA jaNAyA che tyAre ema sAra nIkaLe che ke, mahArAjA priyadarzinanuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 236 mAM nIpajyuM tyArathI mAMDIne, bekaTrIanapati rAjA DimeTrIase pitAnI gAdI i. sa. pU. 22 nA arasAmAM paMjAbanA zAkala zaheramAM ( hAlanA ziyAlakoTamAM)71 sthApI te be kALanA aMtarALamAM takSilAne nAza thayo haze. DimeTrIase gAdI sthApana karyAnI hakIkatane AdhAra e mATe te TharAvyo che ke, tazilA jevI vaibhavavaMtI ane jAhojalAlI tathA gauvatApUrNa, tema ja alI jahAM mahelAta sahita bharacaka AbAdIvALa nagarI jo te samaye haiyAtimAM ja heta to tene choDI daIne, zAkala jevuM nAnuM zahera navesarathI vasA ne tyAM rAjapATa laI javAnI jarUriyAta zA mATe tene ubhI ja thaI heta ? koI ema bacAva kare ke, rAjA DimeTrIase potAnA dezane mulaka tathA rAjapATa sarve gumAvI dIdhuM hatuM tethI hiMdamAM rAjadhAnI karavAnI tene pharaja paDI hatI. vAta kharI, paNa tethI kAMI ema nathI karatuM-siddha thatuM-ke, paMjAbanuM eka vakhatanuM jUnuM ane jAmeluM nagara tyajI devuM ane taddana navA pAyA nAMkhI navuM zahera vasAvIne pachI tyAM ja rAjadhAnI lagAvavI. keI sAmI ema paNa dalIla rajU karaze ke, zAkalanuM sthAna potAnA rAjyanA aMtama hada upara hoIne, sAmA haripha rAjakartAnI hIlacAla upara sIdhI dekharekha paNa rAkhI zakAya ane jarUra paDe tyAre ekadama-vinAvilaMbe-tene sAmane paNa karI zakAya; athavA to tenA rAye lazkara utArI tyAM kabajo meLavI potAnuM Adhipatya sthApana karI zakAya-AvAM anekavidha rAjakIya kAraNasara tene A navuM sthaLa pasaMda karavuM paDayuM hatuM. to tema paNa hevA saMbhava nathI dekhAto. tene javAba ema daI zakAze ke, rAjadvArI daSTie te muddA bhale bauddhika ane DahApaNayukta che, paNa te te sarahada upara koI majabuta thANuM UbhuM karIne, tyAM killebaMdhI banAvI, lazkarI asabAbathI tene susajita ( 70 ) maurya sAmrAjaDA itihAsanuM pu. pa6 juo, ( ) juo kaparamAM vattAMta; pAmakhora prathama paricode. himeTrIsanA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] dATa ke vinAza 275 rAkhI, prasaMge upasthita thAya tyAre hukama Aga, jaLapralaya ke bhUkaMpa jevuM sarvavinAzI maLatAM ja tAtkAlika taiyArI karI AgaLa vadhI zake che. tenAM avazeSo je adyApi maLI Ave che tevI sthitimAM badhuM ThAkaDIka tyAM karI rAkhe to te tapAsatAM to AganuM kAraNa bIlakula asaMpaNa pitAne muddo bara lAvI zakAya tema che jaH bhavita che. tema jaLapralayane paNa saMbhava dekhAto ane te pramANe aneka rAjasthAe pitAnI nathI. haju bhUkaMpa hoI zake. jema gayA varase ja rAjadhAnInAM nagare tathA lazkarI mathake goThavI I. sa. 1935 ne dharatIkaMpamAM AkhuM kayA rAkhyAnAM daSTAMta te samaye temaja vartamAna zahera tenA jhapATAmAM sapaDAI gayuM hatuM tema kALe najare paDela che. eTale te rAjanIti vyava- AnI sthiti ubhI hoya, paNa tevo purAvo hAra nathI ema to kahI zakAya tema che ja maLato nathI. eTale tenA abhAve te kAraNe taddana nahIM. matalaba ke, A daSTibiMduthI vicAratAM paNa to nahIM ja, paNa ghaNekhare aMze ApaNe dUra karI rAjapATa pheravavAnI tene AvazyakatA lAgI che nAMkhavuM rahe che. A pramANe devakRta kAraNone te saMbhavita dIsatuM nathI, tema bIjI rIte vicAra paDato ja mUkavo rahe che. have manuSyakRta vicAro te ema paNa che ke, te tazilA nagarI saMjogonI vicAraNA karIe ke evI jabarapitAnA sattA pradezanA keI eka khUNe paDI jasta laDAI thaI noMdhAyelI nathI ke temAM kille jatI nahatI ke jethI tyAM beThA te pitAnA baMdhI 72 vigere sarva vastune borakuTa vaLI rAjavahIvaTa upara sIdhI dekharekha rAkhI na zake, jAya. jo keI yuddha thayuM hoya te te eTalA ja ke jethI anya koI madhyasthAna rAjanagara tarIke pUratuM ke, je yena-beTIana lazkara, DimeTrIAsanA pasaMda karI levAnuM tene mana thAya. A pramANe pitA yuthIDimosanI saradArI nIce paMjAba upara rAjapATanuM sthaLa badalAvavAnAM kAraNone jyAre dhasI AvyuM hatuM tenI ane tyAM sthApita thaI koI paNa rIte bacAva karI zakAya tema nathI rahelA dezI rAjAnI vacce pitAnI sattA TakAvI lAgatuM, tyAre eka ja vastu svIkAravI rahe che rAkhavA mATenuM ja hatuM. dezI rAjAmAM to tyAM ke, upara sUcavyA pramANe i. sa. pU 236 sthAnika kAI nA rAjA hoya ke pachI mauryasamrATa ane 202 nI vaccenA trIsa-pAMtrIsa varSanA avaMtipati hoya ke kAzmirapati paNa che. je gALAmAM koIka samaye tazilA nagarIne vinAza sthAnika nAno rAjA sAme paDe to tene pitAnA thaI gayo che joIe. ja baLa upara jhajhumavAnuM heI yuthIDimesa upara pramANe tenA vinAzano samaya kahI jevA nRpati sAme te bahu lAMbI ane majabuta zakAya. have tenuM kAraNa vicArIe te be prakAre Takkara jhIlI zake te have joIe. itihAsa saMbhavI zake ke manuSyakRta kAraNa che ke devI te A vAtanI spaSTapaNe nA ja pADe che tema paNa heya. pahelA prakAramAM laDAI jevuM athavA atipati mauryasamrATanI te paDatI dazAne luMTaphATa Adi baMDakhora vRttinuM hoya ane bIjAmAM prAraMbha paNa thaI cUkyo hato. vaLI tenuM rAjanagara (72) takSilA nagarane pharate pattharane keTa hate ema to puravAra thayeluM ja che juo pR. ra66 upara sara kaniMgahAmanuM maMtavya je TAMkaNe che te.

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{C} paMjAbanA prAMtathI keTaluMye che. ava MtimAM hatu` eTale paMjAba upara mauramrATanA pratApa ane hAkala te taddana najIvAM ja thaI gayAM gaNAya; vaLI tene yuthImeiAsa jevA sAhasika manavRttivALA rAjavI to dheALIne ja pI 5. zyA pramANe ke sthiti khAda karatAM kAzmirapativALA muddo ja vicAravA rahe che. ApaNe pu. 2 nA aMte Apela pariziSTa 3 { pR. 402 thI 408 ) mAM kAzmirana pati jAlaukanI hakIkata varNavI che; tathA A trIjA vibhAge unnaDatA paricchede . batavI Apyu che ke, samrATa priyadarzinanA maraNu khAda tene jyeSTha putra vRSabhasena-avaMtipati banyA tyAre tenI rAjanItithI asaMtuSTa khanI tenA bhAI ane mahArAjA priyadarzinanA eka putra nAme jAlauka svataMtra banI pote kAzmiranI gAdIe kheThA hatA. vaLI teNe krame krame AgaLa vadhI potAnA rAjaamalanA 26 varSa sudhImAM saMyukta prAMtanA kAnyakubja (vartamAna kALanA kaneAja ) zahera sudhInA sadhaLA mulaka jItI lIdhA hatA, tathA svecchAne te mulakamAMthI hAMkI kADhyA hatA. temaja e paNa dekhItu' ja che ke, je rAkha TeTa kAnyakubja sudhI paDeAMcI naya tene pALa vIMdhIne-cIrIne ja javuM paDe. eTale teNe AkhA paba ke pachI takSilAvALA bhAga ja, potAnI hakumatamAM lai lIdhe hAve, beie, game teTale bhAga teNe jItI lIdheA hAya, tepaNu petAnA hAthe te takSitrAno nAza kare te te na mUko na maviSyati ja kahevAya; kemake prApta rAkhate jItamAM takSikA jevAM mahAvebhavazALI nagarA A tAM maLI jAya te temane te nAza kare ke, UlaTu tetrA mulakamAM navAM navAM zaheza vasAvI tene AbAdInA zikhare poMcADavAnuM mana kare ? matalaba ke, rAjA lai kSiAne peAtAnI takSilAnA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ma AMgaLI sarakhIye aDADI nahIM haiAya, to pachI tene vinAza karyAMnu tA kalpI ja kema zakAya ? eTale eka pakSe laDanAra jAlauka paratvenI te nagara sabaMdhI sthiti jo ApaNe taddana azakaya ja mAnI che to pachI khIjA pakSe laDanAra yeAna-mleccha prajAnA hAthe te nagaranuM aniSTa thavA sabhava che ke kema ? te vicAravu' raDe che, anubhava kahe che ke, te navA yAgya che. kAM to vera vALavAnA mithI tene bALI nAMkhe athavA luMTaphATa karI bhAMgI toDI nakhe; evA IrAdAthI ke kAM ve. ApaNe te sthAne pAchuM AvavAnuM rahe che ke tene bhAgavA karavA paDaze; ane kadAca AvIzuM-je anizcita che-to ke te vakhate vaLI joyu. ze. bAkI to te vakhatanI matadazA ja evI hAya che ke, AgaLapAchaLA vicAra karyA vinA ja maiM mareMge to mareMge lekina terekuM to rAMDa kareMge " nI rItIthI badhuM U~catuM ja karI naMkhAya che. eTale pachI e ja sAra upara Avavu rahe che ke, daivakRta kAraNamAM je kAMI tha uka saMbhavita vicAravu` rahyuM che te, eTale ke kASTha gebI banAvanuM ja pariNAma hAya, ke jethI te zahera TAi jAya ke tenI killeba"dhI tArAja thaI jAya; athavA to vizeSa saMbhavanIya manuSyakRta kAraNeAmAMnu yana prajAnA haste te nagaranI luMTa ane bhAMgatoDa thayAnuM hAya ke jethI veravikhera hAlamAM tenAM avazeSo atyAre najare paDe che tema dekhAtAM UbhAM rahyAM kare. A khemAMthI kaMi sthiti banavAyogya haze teno tAga levAnuM kAma ApaNe anyane soMpI daI AgaLa vadhIzuM. bharatakhaMDanA pUrvabhAgamagadezamAM jema nAlaMdAnI vidyApITha vidyAdAna ApavAmAM ati vikhyAtine pAmI hatI tema pazcima bhAge paMjAbamAM-te vakhate te dezane gAMdhAra nAmathI www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] dATa ke vinAza? 277 oLakhatA hatA-tAkSalAnI vidyApIThanuM nAma prajAnA | mukhya mathaka tarIke tenI khAsa pratiSThA baMdhAI mukhe gavAI rahyuM hatuM. bake hatI. saghaLI ucca varganI prajAnA saMtAno, tenI ApaNane jyAM sudhInI mAhitI saradAro, brAhmaNa ane vepArIo, hiMdI hunnara vidyApITha maLI che tyAM sudhI to 73 ane vijJAnazAstramAM AkhAM cako (eTale ema paNa kahI zakIe chIe saghaLA hunnara udyoga tathA vijJAnazAstra ) ke tazilAnI kArakIrdI ane vyavasthAnI uttamatA khAsa karIne vedaka zAstrane5 abhyAsa joIne tenA dhAraNa upara ja magadhapati navamAM naMde karavAne vidyApIThavALA zahera tarapha prajA jema dhasI nAlaMdAnI vidyApIThanuM udghATana karyuM hatuM athavA jAya tema takSikA tarapha thokabaMdha jatA hatA. ghaTatA pheraphAra karyA hatA. A vidyApIThamAM kema rAjadhAnInI AsapAsano pradeza dhanADhya ane prakAranuM vidyAdAna devAtuM ane kevI vyavasthA vastIvALe ho." eka bIjA graMthakAra paNa cAlatI hatI te vizenuM khAsa vivecana kaI tevA ja Azayane abhiprAya dharAvatA dekhAya AryagraMthamAM jaNAtuM nathI, paNa sAmAnyataH che. te kahe che ke, "tyAM vidyArthIne dAkhala jema aneka vidhyamAM banatuM AvyuM che tema A thavA mATe 16 varSanI umara TharAvelI hatI. viSayamAM paNa pAzcAtya vidvAnonA khaMta ane bavAra dezAvarathI aneka vidyArthI tyAM AvatA prayAsathI te upara kAMIka prakAza paDe che khare. samartha hatA. temAM garIba temaja dhanavAna kuTuMbanA ItihAsavettA mi. vinseTa smitha lakhe che ke, temaja rAjakumAro paNa AvatA hatA. aneka It had a special reputation as the AcArya pAse 100 thI 500 sudhI vidyAhead quarters of Hindu learning. rthIo bhaNatA hatA. tevA keTalAye AcAryo hatA. The sons of peoples of all the up- dareka viSayanA jANakAra AvyA hatA. zadraper classes, chiefs, Brshamins and cAMDALAne tyAM bhaNavA devAmAM AvatA nahIM. merchants flocked to Taxilla, as to viSa badalIne kaI vakhate bhaNI jatA. be jAtanA a university town, in order to study vidyArthIo hatA. " A banne utArAnuM ekIthe circle of Indian arts and scien karaNa karIzuM to jaNAze ke, te sthaLanI vidyAces, especially the medicine. The pIDamAM sarva prakAranI tAlIma vijJAna sAthe territory surrounding the capital ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. temAM paNa vaidakazAstra was rich and populou=hiMdu vidyAnA mATe khAsa goThavaNa rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. A (73) jo pu. 1, navamA naMdanuM vRttAMta jaNAvyuM che ke 13 varSanI cattA pukha vaya mATe karAvAI pR. 358 ane AgaLa. hatI. eTale ahIM abhyAsa mATe je 16 varSanI umara (74) a. hi. I. trIjI AvRtti pR. 154, hovAnuM lakhyuM che te cAlu vidyAbhyAsa mATenI nahIM hoya. (75) purA. pu. 1. pR. 5:-vaidakavivA paNa jene ApaNe Post-graduate course snAtaka mATe takSazilAnI khyAti dUra dUra deza sudhI pacI thayA bAda vizeSa abhyAsa kahIe chIe tevA mATe ke hatI. anya ucca zikSaNanA abhyAsa mATe A umarane (76) pu. 1 ane 2 mAM juo tyAM ApaNe pratibaMdha mUkAye haraze.

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278 kSaharATe [ pappama uparathI eka anumAna ema bAMdhI zakAya che ke, mArga-musApharo mATenA rastAo ItyAdi hakIkatepAsenA irAnI zahenazAhatanA rAjya vahIvaTanI paNa saMkaLAyelI lekhIe chIe tathA Arthika sattA. jayAre temanA rAjyanA A pradeza upara cAlu bAbato jevI ke vepAra-vANijya, hunnara-udyoga hatI tyAranI asara A vidyAzAstra upara paNa AdinAM prakaraNe paNa joDAyela hoya che, tema thaI haze ja kemake ApaNe jANIe chIe ke, dhArmika bAbate paNa sIdhI ke ADakatarI rIte yunAnI vaiidakazAstra paNa, Arya vaidakanA jevuM ja te sAthe joDAyelI ja gaNAvI rahe che. tema je na zAstrapaddhatie racAyela che tathA tenA jeTaluM ja heta te zilAlekhamAM tathA tAmrapatramAM akasIra ane saMpUrNa ilAja dharAvanAruM che. kotarAtA dAnapatromAMnI hakIkatane aitihAsika savAla mAtra eTale ja rahe che ke, takSazilAnI gaNanAmAMthI sarvadA taddana dUra ja rAkhavI paData. vidyApIThanuM zikSaNa prathama haze ke irAnIyana bIjuM kAraNa e che ke, dharmane lIdhe rAjakartI vidyApIThanuM-paddhatinuM zikSaNa prathama haze; te vastu kema sAmAnya prajAnI sAthe ghATA samAgamamAM nakkI karavAnuM ApaNI pAse sAdhana nathI tema AvI zake che. jene lIdhe temanA rItarivAja, itihAsane aMge bahu carcavA yogya te viSaya raheNIkaraNI, AcAravicAra tema ja AkhI paNa nathI; chatAM saMskRtinA saraNanAM dhoraNe ja saMskRtinI kAMIne kAMI chAyA temanA upara paDyA A bAbatamAM paNa anumAna jo bAMdhI zakAtuM vinA rahetI ja nathI. AvA aneka kAraNone lIdhe heya te kahevuM ja paDaze ke, prathama Aryavaidika dharma viSenI vicAraNAne paNa itihAsanA zAstra hovuM joIe ane yunAnIzAstra che te pustakanI sarahadamAMthI bahAra haDaselI kaDhAtI uparathI ja racI kaDhAyuM hovuM joIe. nathI. teTalA mATe jyAre koI prajAne itihAsa dareka prajAnA aMtima varNane parikedamAM dharma lakhavAmAM Ave tyAre tenA ghaDataramAM mAtra vize thoDuM ke ghaNuM lakhavAne rave meM rAkhyo rAjakIya, Arthika ke sAmAjika tathA anya che ja, ema sarva kaI vAca- vyApArika prazno ja bhAga pUrAve che ema sama teno kanA mana upara pratIti javAnuM nathI, paNa te sarvanI sAthesAthe temanI - dharma thaI haze. te mATe sahaja kaI dhArmika kriyAnAM anukAno ane vidhividhAne prazna uThAvaze ke, itihAsamAM paNa keTaleka aMze bhAga pUrAvatA hevAthI te viSate mAtra rAjakAjanA viSayane ja sthAna hovuM yanI mahAnatA paNa itihAsakAroe AMkatA. joIe, temAM dharmane vaLI zuM lAgevaLage. javAba zIkhavI ja rahe che. alabatta, te evA svarUpe eTale ja che ke, jema rAjakIya bAbato sAthe AlekhavI ja joIe ke jethI vAcakAganA janasamAjanA sAmAjika hitanI bAbata-jevI mana upara kaI khetI, kemabhAvI,77 ke bharI ke, lokakalyANanA mArgo, dAnazALAo, vaTe- chApa utpanna kare. bAkI taTasthapaNe nyAyabuddhithI (7) kema ane dharma ane vastu judI che ema samajavuM joIe. jema nati, zreNi, varga vigerenA artha samajavAmAM aneka rIte saMkucitatA pesI gaI che ane jane lagatI kiMcita samajUti prasaMgopAta (juo pu. 1, pR. 26 thI 28 ane 329 275337 thI 33; pu. 3 mAM chaDuM khaMDe saMskRti, dharma, ) apAI

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na dharma 279 sAmA mANasanI sAdI samajamAM paNa utarI zake tevI bhAvanAthI, tathA kharUM zuM hoI zake tevI rIte, mAtra itihAsazodhananI dRSTi tarapha ja kevaLa lakSa rAkhIne carcA karAya, te temAM khoTuM zuM che? chatAM ye carcA karavAmAM lekhakane zire amuka prakAranI bhAta te rahe che ja; kemake, je vAcakavarga rUDhIcusta-rUDhIpUjaka ke pUrvagrahIta vicAsvALo banI gayo hoya che temanA manamAM gaI che tema ahIM paNa DAka vicAre te uparAMtanA jaNAvuM chuM. upara TakelAM pUnAM vicAranA sAthe atranI samajUti pUravaNI rUpe che ema samajavuM. komane aMgrejImAM Community zabdathI ane dharmane Religion, Faith zabdathI oLakhAvAya che. rIlIjIcanamAM duty (pharaja) athavA Human duty (manuSya tarIkenI pharaja ) athavA Humanity (manudhya pratyenI dayA ) no paNa samAveza thAya che; jayAre kemyunITImAM mAtra sAmAjika baMdhanane ja lAgevaLage che, matalaba ke, koma zabdathI sAmAjika baMdhananA vicAra karanArI saMsthA samajavI, jyAre dharmane vizvavyApI baMdha. nenI racanA karavAnuM kSetra samajavuM eka mANasa amuka kAmamAM rahyo chate game te dhama pALI zake che. temAM eka bIjAnA kSetra upara eka bIjane AkramaNa laI javA jevuM hovuM 5NuM na joIe ane che paNa nahIM. eTale ke, komyunITIne kAryapradezamAM na rIlIjIyana mAthuM mArI zake. ke rIlIjIyananA kAryapradezamAM na mAthuM mAre komyunITIne pradeza; AvI vizALa bhAvanA jemAM hoya te ja dharma vizeSa AdaraNIya banI zake che, banI rahe che. AvuM baMdhAraNa mULa-dharma ane kama-saMsthAnuM che; paNa te uddAma artha choDI daIne, saMkucita vADA bAMdhI devAyA che. te eTale sudhI ke amuka kema kahI, eTale amuka dharma ja tene mATe samajI levAya. jyArathI A modazAnuM prAdhAnya thavA mAMDayuM tyArathI manuSyanI adho. gati thavA mAMDI che ema kahI zakAya. ne te adhogatimAMthI nIkaLIne ujata dazAe AvavuM hoya te saghaLA saMkacita artha bhUMsI nAkhI, mane je vizALa artha karate te turata ja UgI Ave che ke A carcA karavAmAM lekhakano prayatna potAnI mAnyatA vAcakavarga upara ThasAvavA mATe ja mAtra che. te vinIta bhAve te sarvane jaNAvavAnuM ke, tevI halakI mane vRttithI ke itihAsane lekhaka lakhavA mAMDato paNa nathI ane mAMDe paNa nahIM, ane tema kare che te itihAsanA nAmane lAMchana lagADyA vinA paNa raheto ja nathI. tene te je vastusthiti Itihato te bhAvanAthI ApaNe jotAM zIkhI levuM joIe. mULe vedika ane jaina dharma ema be ja hatA. AjakAla je ATalA badhA dharmanA phAMTAo-zAkhAo ane upazAkhAo thaI paDayAM che te ja ApaNI unnatinA avarodharUpa banI rahI che. atyAre to ema ja thaI paDyuM che ke, eka musalamIna bhAI hoya eTale tene dhama IralAma ja hevo joIe, eka hiMdu hoya eTale tene hiMdu dharma sivAya koI dharma pALave ja na joIe; eTaluM ja nahIM paNa bIjanAM tatva jANavA jeTaluM prayatna paNa karavA na joIe. AvI saMkucita manodazAnuM sAmrAjya sarvatra vyApI rahyuM che. AryAvartAmAM zuM, paNa sArA vizvamAye, prathama beja dharma hatA. tyAre hAla te dharmanI saMkhyAne kevaDa mATe rAphaDo phATI nIkaLyo che. mULe be hatA eTale vartamAna kALe je bIna jaNAya che te kALe karIne, amuka prasaMge UbhA thatA, temAMthI ja udbhavelA samajavA, jo ke te te zAkhAnA praNetAone tema karavAnI jarUra jaNAtAM te te prakAre prarUpyuM haze ja, paNa jema atyAre ApaNe dhama ane komane, upara batAvI gayA pramANe saMkucita artha karI vALe che, tema zAkhA dharmanA praNetAene je bhAva hato te visArI daIne temAM paNa saMkucita vADA bAMdhI dIdhA. saravALe pariNAma e AvI gayuM ke, koI paNa dharmanA Adi sthApakanI je nema hatI te sacavAI rahI ja nathI. ane badhA avaLA mAge caDhI gayA chIe, jethI garva, abhimAna, huM paNuM I. I. dAkhala thaI gayAM che ane te ja ApaNane vinAzanA mArge ghasaDI rahyAM che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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20 hAsanI dRSTie dekhAya te pramANe lakhavI ja rahe. pachI bIjo upAya zuM ? jo tema na kare te zu' teNe vAcakanI manevRtti, je kharU tattva jANavAnI che tene pASavAne badale vAcakanI lAgaNIne ja satAvavAnA mAtra prayatna karIne besI rahevu... ? athavA kharI vastusthitinu gopana karIne, anyathA svarUpe tene citayejavI ? dha vastu sAthe itihAsane kevA ane zA mATe sabaMdha hAvA joie tathA tenAthI keTakeTalA upakAra manuSya jAti upara thai rahyA che athavA tenAthI vegaLA thatAM kevI avadazA thai gai che ane thai rjAya che te batAvyA pachI ( jue, TI. naM. 77 nuM lakhANu) ahIM takSilA nagarI vizenA mULa viSaya upara AvI jaze. upara pR. 269 mAM jaNAvAyu che ke pradeza upara prathama rAjA pulusAkInI sattA hatI, te bAda rAnI zahenazAhatanI, te bAda magadha patienI ( naMdavaza tathA mauyavaMzanI )-theADAMka vanA apavAdamAM alekajhAMDara dhI greTanI ane te khAda yauna saradArAnI tathA tenA kSaharATa kSatraponI; A pramANe i. sa. pU. nI sAtamI sadAthI te pahelo dI sudhInA chaMsA sAtase varSomAM je re rAjasattA tyAM adhikAra upara AvI gaI tenI saMkSipta noMdha samajavI. temAMnA irAnI zahenazAhAe je sattA calAvI che te te potAnA vatanamAM dUra beThA beThA calAvI hatI. eTale temane lIdhe prajAnA dharma upara jIvaMta (78 ) tene samaya I, sa. pU. 330 thI 303 sudhInA rA vane ija kharI rIte teA che; ane p'jAbamAM je kAMika zAMti prasaravA pAmI che, te i. sa. pU. 317 mAM pesanuM khUna thayuM ane yavana pratinidhi yuDImAsa hiMdu cheoDI nAsI gayA tyArabAda ja che. ( jIe pu. 2, pR. 243 nA tithikrama) eTale ke I, kSahA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ muma asara thayelI nahIM; paNa kAMka aMze mizraNa yelu' ane temAMthI khareTI bhASAnA udbhava thayA sa Mbhavita che. te jaNAvI dIdhu che. bAkI rahyo yAna saradArAtA, kSaharATa kSatrapono ane magadhatine rAjavahivaTa. AmAM yAna saradArAnA vahIvaTanI muddata lagabhaga aDadhI sadI jeTalI labA che kharI, paNa teeAmAM sa MskRtinu ke dhanu kAMI nizcita dhAraNu na heAvAthI ( jue 54ma khaDe, prathama parizcaMdre temanA dharma vizenA pArigrApha ) prajA upara kAMI khAsa chApa temanA samaya daramyAna paDI hAya tema mAnavAnuM kAraNu nathI, pachI to khAkI rahyA naMdavaMzI ane mauryAvaMzI magadhapati ane kSaharATa kSatrapo. A sarvenAM vRttAMta Alekhana karatAM pUravAra karI tAvAyu` che ke, temane rAjadhama jainadhama hatA; mAtra vacce samrATa azokavana mau vaMzI bhUpALa je AvyA che te eka ja baudh dharmI hatA. eTale te dharmonI asara haju ahI takSilAnA pradezamAM paheAMcI zake kharI, paNa tene itihAsa jo tapAsa,zu. te khAtrI thaze ke, AkhA paMjAba upara teA tenI sattA kAi kALe jAmI ja nathI chatAMye teneA je dakSiNa bhAga haju jatI zakyA hatA te paNa tenI rAjyakArakIrdi aDadhI te khatama thaI javA AvI hatI-athavA khIjI rIte heA ke khatama thaI gaI hatI- tyAre ja banyuM hatuM. ane banyA pachI paNa tenA AkhAye samaya gRhajIvananA kalezamAM ja vyatIta sa. pU. 316 khAda ja azokanI hakumata tyAM kAMika sthira thavA pAmI hatI ema kahI zakAya. A sthiti vicAratAM te gAdIe beThA pachI paMdara je thayuM gaNAya; tethI ra7A varSanA kALathI aDadhe samaya vItyA bAda ema lakhavu paDayuM che. ( viroSa mArga uparamAM pR. 31 thI AgaLanI hakIkata jue. ) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] ne dharma 281 thavA pAmyo che. (juo uparamAM pR. 34) matalaba ke, tenA bauddhadharmo paNa A pradeza upara khAsa prabhAva pADyo hoya ema banyuM nathI. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, bAkInA rAjakartAo ke jemaNe chomAMnA cAra varSa uparAMta vahIvaTa calAvyo che temanA rAjadharmo ja prajA upara kAbU meLavI lIdhA hatA, je ApaNe sikakAnA AdhAre sAbita karAtuM joI zakyA chIe are ! eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te pUrve aDhIso varSe eTale i. sa. pU. nI AThamI sadImAM jananA 23 mA tIrthakara je zrI pArzvanAtha thaI gayA che temanuM ja nAma jyAre tazilAnA ane mANikyAlanA stUpamAM79 kotarAyeluM maLI AvyuM che tyAre ema anumAna upara javAya che ke, I. sa. pu. AThamI ane navamI sadImAM paNa te pradeza upara te dharmanA anuyAyI rAjakartAonI sattA pravartI rahI haze. te vakhate bauddhadharmanI utpatti paNa thaI nahotI ja, eTale te dharma tyAM paLAto hevA vize kalpanA karavI paNa nakAmI ja80 che. je zilAlekha ke stUpa atra ullekha karyo che ane jemAM pArzvanAthanuM nAma hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che temAM dhArmika cihno rUpe "caka " kAtarAvyuM che; jyAre te ja cihna tazilAnA pradezamAMthI maLI AvatA sarva sikakA upara paNa maLI Ave che. eTale e paNa nirvivAdita paNe sAbita thaI jAya che ke, cakra (jene vartamAna kALanA sikkAzAstrIo81 The Wheel of the Law tarIke oLakhAve che ) athavA dharmacaka te jainadharmasUcaka che, te cihna sAthe kaI rIte bauddhadharmane saMbaMdha hoI zakatA nathI. vaLI A vAtane na sAhitya graMthathI paNa Teko maLatA jaNAya che. temAM te A takSilAnuM 83nAma ja "dharmacakratIrtha athavA cakratIrtha" ApIne tene oLakhAvyuM che, jyAre A pramANenA zilAlekhI ane sikkAI purAvA jevI aneka aphara ane acUka sAbitIo maLI Ave che tyAre mUMge moDhe te svIkArI lIdhA vinA chUTake ja kayAM rahyo ! matalaba e thaI ke, i. sa. pU. nI 9mI sadIthI mAMDIne I. sa. pU. nI pahelI sadI sudhI te A tazilAnagarI jainadharmanuM eka mahAna tIrtha hatuM. te bAda tene nAza thaI javAthI tenI, tema ja tenA AsapAsanA sthaLanI mahattvatA ochI thaI javA pAmI hatI, teTaluM mApha. eTale pro. resana jevA sikkAzAstrIe (79) jue pu. 2, pR. 5, TI naM. 10 pR. 40. tathA pR. 349 nI TI naM. 89, (80) nIcenI TIkA na. 82 rArakhAne (81) nIcenI TIka naM. 84 tathA 85 jue (82) uparanI TIkA naM. 80 ne lagatuM lakhANa juo; temaja pu. 2 mAM sikkA naM. 35-36 nuM varNana tathA pu. 2, pR. 6-7ii uparanAM vivecane jue. (83) jue na ra mahesava aMka pU. 42 tathA tenuM TIpaNa na. 3. tyAM je bleka TAMkaLe che te A pramANe che. temAM jaina tIrthonAM nAmo jaNAvyAM che. campArAjagRhe ca cakramathurA joddhApratiSThAnage / vande svarNa girau tathA suragirI zrIdevapattane // hastoDIpuri pADalAdazapure cArupa pajAsare / vande zrIkarNATake zivapure nAjaahe nAIje che AmAM cakatInI noTamAM lekhake jaNAvyuM che ke, A caka eTale tazilAnuM prAcIna " dharmacakra, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- - - - - 18ra takSilAnagarI [ SaSTama je jaNAvyuM che keThe Wheel of the jainadharmanAM hovAM chatAM, jema bauddhadharmanAM lekhavAmAM Law is a symbol of the Buddhist AvyAM che tema A dharmacakranI bAbatamAM paNa faith, which was professed by the banyuM che. eTale jyAM temaNe bauddhadharmanuM cihna Satarpal families of Taxilla and evo zabda lakhyo che tyAM jainadharmanuM cihna Mathura=dharmacaka te bauddhadharmanuM cihna cheH che ema vAMcavuM. nakSilA ane mathurAvALA kSatraparvazI rAjAo) A bane nagarIo-mathurAnagarI ane A dharmanA anuyAyI hatA. kathana te sarvaze tazilAnagarI-vize je navuM jaNAvavAnuM mArI satya che, mAtra te kathanamAM eTalo ja sudhAre najaramAM lAgyuM hatuM te ahIM AgaLa have karavo rahe che ke, atyAra sudhI A sarve cihno pUruM thAya che, (84) jue, ke. A. ke. pAri. 87. (85) atyAra sudhI jema AvAM aneka cihno janadhamatAM hovAM chatAM baddhadharmanAM manAI rahyAM che. tema A vironuM paNa samajI levuM. ( vizeSa samajuti ane spaSTIkaraNa mATe pu2, pariccheda bIjo pR. 55 thI AgaLa juo) sarakhA nIcenI TI. naM. 86 ne lagatuM lakhANa (6) juo uparanI TI. naM 85: A vizene ullekha uparanA caturtha paricchede"kSaharATakSatrano dhama" e nAmanA pAritraphanA aMte kare che te sAthe sarakhAve.

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saptama pariccheda paradezI AkramaNakArA ( cAlu ) Treka sAraH-- (6) paziansa, pAIansa, paththAjha ane pIvAjha-te cArenA batAvela paricaya tathA te uparathI taravarI AvatA temanA vaccenA bheda-padyavAjhanI utpatti bAbata lIdhela lakhANathI tapAsa-drAviDa sAhitya sakha'dhI prasa Mge pAta thayela ullekhanI samajUti-A prajAe Aya` kahevAya ke anAya,tenAM dRSTAMtA ApI batAvI Apela temanA aitihAsika saMbaMdha-RSi ane pArUSi vacce kAMi joDANa kharU ke ?- dAjhanuM hiMdI itihAsa sAthe joDI Apelu' saMdhANu-pArTIansa ane zaka vaccenA taphAvata na samajavAthI itihAsakArAe UbhI karelI muzkelInAM dRSTAMtA--

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284 temanI oLakha [ saptama (6) parziansa, pAthIansa athavA pahullIjha. AkramaNa karanArI paradezI prajAmAMnI cena prajAnAM be nAma che ema gaNavAyuM. A mujaba ane kSaharATanuM varNana karyA pachI trIjuM nAma pArthI kalpanA karavAnuM eka kAraNa ApaNe upara kahyuM anyanuM che. tenuM vRttAMta lakhavAnuM have hAtha che te paNa che; tema bIjuM kAraNa e saMbhavita dharIzuM. temanuM vatana IrAna hovAthI, ane IrA- che ke paradezI pAzcAtya itihAsavettAone hiMdI nane aMgrejI bhASAmAM Persias uccAranA mULa vize bahu UMDANamAM UtaravAne temanAM parziyA kahevAto hovAthI, avakAza na hovAthI, jema hiMdI uccAranI nAma tenA ja vatanI temane pAtha- sAmyatA-vizeSata: ke alpAMze paNa thatI jatI ansa paNa kahevAya che. tema ja hovAthI sekaTasane caMdragupta lekhAvI dIdho che temanI bhASA padavI nAme oLakhAtI hovAthI, tema A kissAmAM paNa kadAca banavA pAmyuM te bhASAnA belanAra tarIke temane palvAjha paNa heya; paNa jema ApaNane seTisanI bAbatamAM kahevAya che. A pramANe pazi ansa, pArthIansa have khAtrI thaI gaI che ke mAtra ucAranA samatathA pavAjha te traNe nAma eka ja prajAnAM che zeSane lIdhe ItihAsamAM aneka guMcavADA tathA ema samajavuM. vaLI je pArthIansa pitAnuM mULa gerasamajUti thavA pAmyAM che tema A prajAnA vatana choDIne hiMdamAM AvI rahyA hatA temane nAmane aMge paNa zuM zuM banavA pAmyuM che te asalanA pAthIansathI chUTA pADavA mATe Indo- AgaLanA pArigrAphamAM je vicAro rajU karyA che =hiMdI zabda joDIne inDe pArthIansa=Indo- te uparathI joI zakAze. Partians nA nAmathI saMbeghavA mAMDayuM che. atyAra sudhInA pragaTa thayela sarva aitiA uparAMta eka bIjuM nAma paNa hiMdI Iti- hAsika graMtho vAMcavAthI eka ja vani nIkaLe che hAsakAronI najare caDayuM che te "pAvAjha" che. ke, jema yena ane yavana prajA paNa A prajA kayAMthI AvI tathA temanuM AvA- palavAjha judI judI hovA chatAM te baMne gamana zA kAraNathI ane kayAre thayuM, temAMnuM ane mATenA zabdo bhedabhAva vinA kAMI ja jaNAyuM na hovAthI, A zabdanI pahalavAjha eka bIjAnA ullekha karavAmAM peThe ja lakhAtuM anya prajAnuM nAma jene upa- no bheda vaparAtA thaI gayA che, tema ramAM ApaNe " pahavAjha" tarIke oLakhAvI A pallavIjha ane pahalyAjha che tenI sAthe teno saMbaMdha joDI dIdhe; ane te zabdo paNa bhinna nAmadarzaka prajAnA haiyA chatAM bane eka ja che ema TharAvI dIdhuM. matalaba ke eka ja prajA tarIkenI oLakha mATe vAparavAmAM temanA mata pramANe pallavAjha ane 197vAjha eka ja AvyA che, ane tema thavAnAM mukhya be kAraNe (1) je. sa. I. pU. 142:-The origin lekhAya che. hiMdI itihAsamAM je aneka aNaUkela of the Pallawas is even to-day consi- koyaDA paDyA che temAMne te eka che, dered a mystery. It is one of the many [mArUM TIpaNa-A kela meM pustaka pahelAmAM tathA tunsolved problems of Indian history. bIjamAM purAvA ApIne karI batAvyo che, eTale umeda palavAjhanI u5tti Aje paNa eka mama-koyaDA samAna dharAvuM chuM ke, have pachI A zabda asthAne thaI paDaze.] Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] kAma uparanA pArAmAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. tema vaLA trIju` sakhaLa kAraNa e paNa samajAya che ke, je paradezI prajAe hiMdu upara humalA karyAM che temanI utpati, samaya tathA bIjI aneka khAkhatA vize, kema jANe peAtAnI pAse bIjA vizeSa sAdhana ja astitva dharAvatAM na hoya tema, ekanA lakhANanA AdhAre bIjAe lakhI kADhavuM tevI gatAnugatika paraMparAe ja levAnu dheAraNa satraLA graMthakArAe grahaNa karyuM. lAge che. eTale eka vidvAne eka abhiprAya ghaDI kADhyo te pramANe sarvee tene mAnya rAkhyA ema anya gayuM che. azAka mahArAjAnA zilAlekhA sabaMdhI paNa Ama ja banelu che te have ApaNe jANatA thayA chIe; temaja atyAre A UbhI thayela prastuta bAbatamAMye, sAmAnya paNe khaMdhAyela abhiprAyathI judA paDavAne ApaNune kayA muddA prApta thayA che te have jaNAvIzu ApaNe utpatti vigere IrAnanI upara kahI gayA chIe ke, bhASAne paDelavI kahevAya che, teTalA mATe te bhASA khAlanArAne pAjha kahevAya che, tema pallavAjha nAmanI prajAnI sattA dakSiNlR madrAsa ilAkAmAM mukhyapaNe hAvAnuM samAM jaNAvAyuM che. have jo pallavAjha ane pallavAjha eka ja hoya teA, te prajAe temanA potAnA mULavatana irAnamAMthI nIkaLIne dakSiNa hiMdamAM kaye raste ane kayA samaye prayANa karyuM te ApaNe zodhIe ane tapAsIe; te temAMthI A bAbata upara kAMi prakAza paDe che ke kema ? temanA AvAgamananA rastA te hiMdI) nakaze jotAM e hAvAnu` kalpI zakAya che. eka jamIna rastA ane bIjo dariyA rastA. jamIna rastethI jo utare tA, agAnistAnamAM thaine kAbula Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat hiMdanA itihA 285 mArga paMjAbamAM paheluM utaravu joie ane tyAMthI pachI game te dizAe, AkhA hiMdabharamAM zrI vaLAya; paNa dirayA raste utare te rAnI akhAtadvArA sIdhA ja, athavA to prathama balucistAnamAM AvI, pachI siMdhu nadInA mukha AgaLaneA DelTA-duAba vIMdhIne arabIsamudra mAraphata-ema e rIte hiMdanA pazcima kinAre ke saurASTranA kAi baMdare utaravu joie; ane pachI ja hiMdanA koipaNa: bhAgamAM prasarI zakAya. A bemAMthI kaye raste te prajAnuM Agamana thayAnuM pratidrAsamAM noMdhAyuM che te tapAsIe. prathama jamIna mArganI gaveSaNA karIe. jyAMsudhI itihAsanuM jJAna ApaNe dharAvIe chIe tyAM sudhI eTalu' ja kahI zakAya tema che ke, sauthI prathamamAM prathama IrAnanI sattA je hiMda upara sthapAi hoya te te sAIrasa dhI greITa temaja DeriyasanA samayamAM ja; paNa te samaye irAnI prajA hiMdamAM AvIne vasavATa karI rahI nahAtI. mAtra hiMdI prajA sAthe temaNe vyApArI saMbaMdha ja rAkhyA hatA eTale pUrvavAjha te samaye hiMdamAM karavA maDI paDavA hAya te prazna ja rahetA nathI. temanA pachI, jo kAi paradezI prajA caDI AvI hoya teA te grIka bAdazAha alekajhAMDara dhI greTa ja kahI zakAya. ane te bAda aneka AkramaNA judI judI prajA taraphathI uparAMuparI thavAnAM cAlu rahyAM ja karyAM che. vaLI A humalAnI vakhate te paradezI prajAe hiMdamAM vasavATa paNa karyAM hatA tema dhIme dhIme phelAi paNa gayA hatA ema jarUra kahI zakAya. have A prajA mIka hai ke game te hA; paNa jamIna raste temanA hiMdamAM thayelA praveza vahelAmAM vahele i. sa. pU. 325 nI AsapAsanA nAMdhI zakAze, jyAre www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= temanI oLakha 286 [ saptama dariyA raste thayele paradezI prajAne utAra ne gaNAvyo che ane suvizAkha sabAne samayahiMdanA kinAre haju sudhI je beMdhAyo che te azokanA rAjya hoya che, eTale ke I. sa. pU. vahelAmAM vahele I. sa. pU. 60 nA samayane pha25 Azare gaNI zakAya. have jyAre I. sa. che ane te avaMtipati rAjA gardabhIlanI sAme pU. 425 ane 325 mAM to teonI prakhyAti yuddha karavA mATe nimaMtrAyala zaka prajAno prasaMga paNa thaI cUkI che tyAre te pUrve AvIne teo ja che ane A zaka te pahalyAjha te na ja vasyA hatA ema gaNI zakAze. eTale A bane kahI zakAya; chatAM eka vakhata dalIlanI khAtara hakIktanA samayane ekatra rIte vicAra karIe te mAnI le ke, zaka prajAnI sAthe te samaye thoDAka tAratamya e kADhI zakAze, ke temAM darzAvelA A IrAnI-paghAjha paNa AvyA hatA; te paNa, upara palavAjha je che, te irAnamAMthI Avela pavAjha noMdhela bane-pRthvI ane tarI-rate temanA utA karatAM koIka judI ja jAtinA che. tema ja temanI ranI hakIkatane je samanvaya karIzuM to pratha haiyAti te hiMdamAM, koIpaNa paradezI prajA humalo mamAM prathama paradezI prajAne utAra I. sa. pU karIne AvI vasI hatI te pahelAMnI ja hatI. 325 mAM ke te bAda thayAne ja lekha paDaze; A pramANe eka vAta jyAre siddha thaI te pahelAM te nahIM ja. jyAre itihAsa te Apa ke palAjha ane pallavIjha banne judI ja prajA Nane ema zIkhavI rahyo che ke, palavAjha nAmanI che tyAre bIjA praznanI vicAraNAmAM utarIe; ke prajA te hiMdamAM, TheTha caMdragupta maurya ane azoka je judo ja prajA che te temanuM mULa kyAM vardhana samaye paNa, rAjyanA moTA moTA hodAo heI zake? ane temanI utpatti kayAre thaIgaNAya? dharAvatI thaI gaI hatI; kemake sudarzana taLAvanI te mATe sauthI prathamamAM prathama e jANavuM rahe prazastimAM jaNAvyuM che ke, tene baMdhAvanAra su- che ke palavAjha nAmanA zabda prayoga ItivizAkha nAmane sUbora pallava jAtine hate. hAsamAM kayAM kayAM karavAmAM Avyo che, eka A purAvo te zilAlekhano che. uparAMta je prayogamAM ItihAsa ema (upara nirdiSTa karela daMtakathAne AdhAre jANavuM hoya te cakravatI sudarzana taLAvavALI hakIkatamAM) jaNAve che ke khAravelanI eka rANI, kahe che ke balucistAna ke pallava jAtinA saradAre caMdragupta ane azokanA irAna athavA tenI AsapAsanA pradezanA, ke samaye rAjasattA dharAvatA hatA. eTale ema anurAjakuTuMbanI rAjakanyA hatI. jo ke kAMI jaNAyuM mAna karI levAya che, temanI utpatti te samaya pUrve te nathI ja, chatAM dhAro ke te rAjakuTuMbavALA ghaNu vakhatathI thaI gaI hovI joIe; athavA te palava jAtinA ja hatA. A be hakIkata moDAmAM moDe temane udbhava caMdraguptanA samaye mAMnA khAravelane samaya ApaNe I. sa. pU. 425 paNa saMbhavI zake; jyAre te zabadano bIjo (2) ke. A. ke. prastAvane pR. 32 mAM mi. resananI mAnyatA mujaba A savizAkhane rUdradAmana kSatrapane rajU karavA che ane tethI tene samaya I. sa. nI bIjI sadIne kahyo che. paNa temAM sApha lakhyuM che ke, caMdraguptanA samaye tenA sUbAe A sarovara prathama baMdhAvyuM hatuM ane pachI azokanA samaye tenA sUbA vizAkhe te samarAvyuM hatuM, chatAM A sudarzana taLAvanI prazastinA ukelamAM ane artha karavAmAM je gerasamajItio thavA pAmI che te sarva vRttAMta samajavA mATe juo pu. 2, pR. 393 thI 397 nI hakIkata.

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pariccheda ] kara prayAga dakSiNa hiMdanA pradezanI tavArIkhamAM vAmAM AvyA che. sTaDIjha eka jenIjhama Ina sAutha inDIA nAme pustakanA vidvAna lekhake pR. 144 upara jaNAvyuM che ke " Pallvas is one of the main branches of Tirayar caste & therefore styled as Palla va Tirayar & they were known to early Sangam literature by their group name Tirayar: but as their power and influence increased in the land, their branch name Pallava Tirayer assumed greater importance=pallavAjha te tirayara jAtinI eka mukhya zAkhA che; tethI temane pallava-tirayaranA nAme sakheAdhAya che; tema ja prAcIna saMgama sAhityamAM tenA samUhavAcaka nAma tirayara nAme tene oLakhAvI che. paNa temanI zakti ane sattA dezamAM jema vadhatAM gayAM tema te pallava-tirayara nAmanI mahattvatA vadhatI cAlI." A vAkayathI eTalu tA kahI zakAya tema che ke, sagamayuganA samaye pallavajAti vidyamAna hatI ja; paNa pAchI muzkelI e AvIne UbhI rahe che ke, A saMgamayuga kayAre pravata tA hatA ? jo A yuganA samayanA phaDacA niyAtmakarUpe thai gayA hota tA ApaNA praznane Ukela paNa bahu ja acchI rIte thai jAta; paNa A saoNMgamayuganA samayanA niNaeNya haju sudhI dakSiNanA vidvAnA karI zakayA utpatti vigere (3) ahIM drAviDa sAhityanI vAta cAle che, temAM prAcIna samaye traNa yuga thayAnuM tee mAne che. te traNamAMnA eka yuganuM nAma saraMgamayuga kahevAya che. ApaNAmAM yuga eTale sAmAnya artha 'jamAnA' thAya che tema drAviDa sAhityamAM paNa teve akarAya che. matalakha ke, jyAre sAhitya ekadama prakAzamAM AvyuM hAya, ke te taraph prajAnu' lakSa bahu ja ASAyuM hoya ke praznanI saMskRtimAM aNadhAryo sudhAro thavA pAmyo hoya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 287 hAya ema jaNAtu nathI, paraMtu ema dhAravAmAM Ave che ke, te kALa samrATa caMdraguptanA samayabAda turatamAM ja niSpanna thayA heAvA joie. game tema hoya, paNa pallava jAtinA udaya, i. sa. pU. nI cethI sadInA udaya thayA te pUrve, eTale kamamAM kama ane vahelAmAM vahelA trIjI sadInA aMta pahelAM thayA hoya ema kahevuM paDaze. bIjA vidvAnAnAM bhata paNa A viSaya paratve ApaNe tapAsavAM rahe che. jo ke temAM te kayAM ya pallava zabda ja vaparAyA dekhAtA nathI, chatAM saMcegAnusAra emAMthI evA tA spaSTa avAja nIkaLatA jaNAya che ke, te paLvAjhane uddezIne ja varSarAyA haze. preAphezvara esa. kRSNAsvAmI Aya'gara, je itihAsanA viSayamAM madrAsa yunIvarasITImAM eka sattA samAna puruSa tarIke gaNAya che temaNe dakSiNa hiMdamAM mau`na prajAe je phattehA meLavI hatI tenuM varNana lakhatAM peAtAnA niNya A pramANe jAhera karyAM che. ( a ) that the Mauryans carried their invasions to the south of India (b) that they were in hostile occupation of forts in the northern borders of the Tamil land (c) and that the Aryans were beaten back when the central Mauryan power became feeble and their dislodgements from jethI te palaTo turataja najare caDI jAya tevA nIvaDayo hAya, tyAre AvA samayane yuga tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya che. (4) sTaDIjha ina jainIjhama ina sAutha InDIyA pU. 126 upara A zabdo lakhAyA che, ne ke mULe te AkhA viSaya bIgInIMgjha opha sAutha InDIyana hIsTarI nAmanA pustakamAM carcAya che ane temAMthI temaNe A ni ya lIdhe jaNAya che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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188 the south must be referred to a period which included that of Mamulanar and others of the third Tamil Acadamy of Madura=ke (1) mauya prajA potAnA humalA| dakSiNa kriMda sudhI lai gaI hatI (1) tAmila pradezanI uttara sImAe Avela duzmaneAnA durgaM temaNe (mauya prajAe ) jItI lai temAM vasavA mAMDayuM hatuM (3) ane temaNe Aaune mArI haThAvyA hatA; paNa jyAre saunI sattA nabaLI paDI tyAre dakSiNamAMthI temane uThAMgIrI karavI paDI hatI. A uThAvagIrInA samaya madurAnI trIjI tAmila vid pariSadavALA mAmulanAra tathA anya vidvAnA je samaye thai gayA tenI adAjenA kahI zakAze.'' kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, drAviDa dezanA mULa vatanI evI Ana prajAne mauya prajAe laDAimAM tI karIne mArI haThAvI hatI; tathA temanA killA sara karyA hatA. paNa kALe karIne A mauna prajAnI sattA jyAre nabaLI paDI tyAre temaNe jItelA killAe pAchA khAlI karavA paDyA hatA. A khAlI karI devAnA samaye ja athavA tenI lagabhaganA samaye-madurAnI je trIjI temanI oLakha ( 5 ) ApaNe uparamAM traNa yugamAMnA ekane saMgamayuga tarIke tAmila sAhityamAM jema oLakhavAnuM kahI gayA chIe tema A vidvadsabhAne paNa te yuga tarIke ja lekhe che; ane tethI ja A sabhAne temaNe ' trIjI ' ema AMkasaMkhyA neDI dekhAya che. ne A anumAna sAcuM huMya te, sa'gamayugane prathamanA be yugamAMne eka kahI rAkAya; ane tethI teno samaya A trIjA yuga karatAM, eTale ke, mAmulanA paDita karatAM paNa agAunA ja gaNavA paDaro. ( 6 ) jIe, je. sa. i. pR. 128. (7) tu je. sa. i. pR. 125=Mohoor whose territory was attacked by the Mauryaus in the course of their south Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [sama vidsabhApa kahevAya che ane jemAM mAmulanAra vigere aneka paDitA thai gayAnuM manAya che te sabhA thai hatI ema kahevAya cheH A kathanamAMthI game te artha kADho paNa vidvAna lekhaka preAphesara sAhebanA kahevAmAMthI ApaNe te ahIM eTaluM ja tAtpa jANavAnuM rahe che ke, dakSiNa hiMdamAM prakhyAta thayela mAmulanAra paMDitanI agAu keTalAya kALe mauna prajA tyAM utarI AvI hatI ane vasI rahI hatI. vaLI A graMthakAre AgaLa jatAM eka khInna vidvAna lekhakanA kathananA utArA TAMkayo che. te prasaMga dakSiNamAM AvIne mauyana prajAe tyAM vasI rahelI mAhura prajAnA killA jItI lIdhA tene aMgenA che." temanA zabdo A pramANe che-" Another author Parankorranar also attestst he coming in of Maurya to the distant country of S. India; so also does Attiraiyanor=dakSiNa hiMdanA dUranA pradeza sudhI mauya prajA pahAMcI gaI hatI, ema bIjA graMcakAra pAranArAnAra paNa sAkSI Ape che: tevI ja rIte AtirAiyanAra paNa vade che ' A pramANe vidvAnAnA utArA TAMkIne madrAsa ward March=mAhura prajA te che ke jemanA mulaka upara, peAtAnI dakSiNa taraphanI kucamAM mA` prajAe humalAe karyA hatA: matalaba ke, mehura nAmanI prA dakSimAM vasatI hatI ane mAya prajAe jyAre ekadama dakSiNamAM dhasAro karyA hatA tyAre vacce AvatA A mehura praznanA saMsthAnA temaNe kabaje karI lIdhAM hatAM: A uparathI ema sAra nIkaLyA ke ( 1 ) mA prajAe reTha dakSiNa hi`da sudhI caDAI karI hatI ( 2 ) ane mAhura praznanAM sa'sthAnA vacamAM-eTale ke TeDa dakSiNa hiMdamAM tA nahIM ja-AvyAM hatAM. (8) mAmulanAra, pAranakAnAra ane AtirAInAra= A badhA tAmila bhASAnA paDitA gaNAtA lAge che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ]. utpatti vigere 289 yunIvarasITIvALA upara jaNAvelA vidvAna pro. hatI temane tAmila bhASAnA graMthakAroe Van. AyaMgaranA matanuM je, saM. I. nA kartA mahAzaya ba Moriar= New Mauryas; vakhA morIema pAchuM nirUpaNa kare che ke Pro. Ayyan- Ara=navIna maryo kahIne saMbodhI che. tathA gar thinks that this conquest of AgaLa varNana karatAM A vakha merIAra viSe the Mauryas in the South, took pl. oreley'lg 3-They were an imperial ace during the reign of Bindusar= race, who undertook a great south che. AyaMgarane ema mata paDe che ke, dakSiNa hiMdamAM Indian invasion=teo bAdazAhI kuMTuMbanA maurya prajAe je jIta meLavI che te biMdusAranA hatA. jemaNe dakSiNa hiMda upara humalAo karyA rAjya amale thaI hatI. eTale ke Upara hatA; eTale temanA kahevAno Azaya e che ke, pramANe maurya prajAnI sarve tene samaya, samrATa je maurya prajAe dakSiNa hiMda sudhInA mulaka biMdusArane temaNe karAvyo che. [ ApaNe ahIM jItI lIdho hato ane je prajA bAdazAhI kuTuM te mata upara neMdha karavI paDaze. temaNe biMdusAranuM banI-eTale ke magadhapati maurya samrATanA nAma je ApyuM che te saMkaTasanI pAchaLa gAdIe kuTuMbanI-lekhAya che temanI peThe ahIM AvelA AvanAra tarIke ja; ane sekaTasa eTale caMdra- navA maurye paNa, te bAdazAhI kuTuMbanI, prajA guma ema atyAra sudhInI mAnyatA hatI te gaNa- hatI. matalaba ke, dakSiNa hiMda upara mauryaprajAe trIe biMdusAra rAjyakALa kahevAya; paNa have be vakhata humalA karyA che.11 ane baMne vakhate DI. te ApaNe sekaTasa eTale azoka gaNavAne thoDI maurya prajAe, ahIM dakSiNamAM vasavATa karyo che; jethI tenI pAchaLa AvanAra samrATa priyadarzi. hato. te maurya prajAmAM je thoDo bhAga prathama vakhata nanA rAjya, upara varNavelA TheTha dakSiNa hiMda AvIne vasI rahyo hato temane teo "jUnA mauryo" sudhInA humalA thayA hatA ema gaNavuM rahe che; tarIke oLakhAve che ane bIjI vakhatanA humalA ane tenuM ja temaNe varNana karyuM che10] vaLI bAda AvIne vasyA temane navA mau12 tarIke laDAInI chata vakhate je mauryana prajA tyAM AvI oLakhAve che. ATalA vivecana pachI uparanA (9) juo jai. sa. i. pra. 129 thayuM che ke, mairya caMdragupta koI divasa dakSiNa hiMdamAM (10)ApaNe pu. 2 mAM paNa e ja AzayanuM caDAI karI ja nathI (te maisura rAje zravaNa belagola jaNAvyuM che te juo caMdraguptanuM ane samrATa priyadarzinanuM tIrthe, caMdragiri parvate caMdragupta mArcanuM svaga zI rIte vRttAMta) ke caMdragupta maisura rAjyanA zravaNa belagola thayuM mAnaze? tathA priyadarzine ubhA karAvela zilAlekhenuM sudhIno mulaka jItI lIdhA hatA, jyAre priyadazine zuM ? te teo samajavaze ke 1) jyAre guptavaMzI caMdraguptanA tethI paNa AgaLa vadhIne ThaTha dakSiNa hiMda sudhIne patra samudragupta te dakSiNadeza sudhI jIta meLavI hatI pradeza jItI lIdho hato. vaLI nIcenI TIkA na, 11 je te puravAra thayelI bInA che. eTale A kAraNathI navA maiyate lakhANa upara karavI paDI che te sAthe sarakhA guptavaMzI samudraguptanA samayanA ane nAnA moye te tenA ja (11) sarakhAvo uparanI TIka naM. 10 nuM lakhANa. dAdA caMdraguptanA samayanA gaNAya ema temanI dhAraNA che. A (12) keTalAke A navA mine samudragupta rAjanA pramANe saMtoSa mAnI potAnA AdhAramAM bebe gejheTIara samayanA mAnavA derAI gayA che. temanuM mAnavuM ema pu. 1. bhAga. 2. pR. 579 mAM DokaTara phalITe je zabdo 37 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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190 pAMce avataraNAnuM ekIkaraNukarIzuM to strIkAravuM rahe che ke, tAmila graMtheAnA mata pramANe mAmulanAra vigere vidvAnA thayA tyAre mauya prajAnA humalA thaI cUkayA hatA ane A vidvAnane paNa pallava nAma jANItuM thaI gayuM hatuM; tenA atha e thayA ke pallava prajAnA samaya tA mAmulanAranA samaya pahelAMnA eTale ke sau prajAnA pahelAne che. keTalA pahelA hatA te sAbita karavAnI mAthAkUTamAM ApaNe paDavA jarUra nathI-paNa mauya prajAnI pahelAMnA che ane te badhA rAjazAhI kuTu khanA che eTaluM tA cokkasa thayuM ja. vaLI ApaNe pu. 1 mAM samrATa udayana vigerenA varNanamAM ema ja jaNAvyuM che. ke, zizunAgavaMzI tathA mauryavaMzI rAjA sadhaLA licchavI jAtinA kSatriyeA hatA; ane te sarva kSatriyanuM ekaMdara samUhavAcaka satrijI hatuM: jemAM pallava, kadaMba, pAMDyA, ceAlA, malla, mauya vigare upavibhAge hatA. A pramANe A lekha jo ApaNI mAnyatAnA svIkAra karIne pachI uparanA avataraNeAmAMhenI hakIkatane dhaTAvaze te| temanI muzke nAma pahhvAjhanI oLakha lakhyA che te DhAMkI batAve che. They evidently identified the early Guptas-king Chandragupta or his grand son of the same name-with the far wellknown Mauryan Emperor Klng Chandragupta-temaNe dekhItI rIte ja, guptavaMzI prathamanA rAjA caMdragupta pahelAne, athavA te ja nAmavALA tenA pAtra caMdragupta khInane ekadama pUrve thayelA mAOsamrATa rAnna cadragupta tarIke mAnI lIdhela dekhAya che: [ mArUM TIpaNa:--prazna e uThe che ke A guptavaMzI rAjAe peAte gupta hAvA chatAM, pAtAne mArca tarIke oLakhAvye jAya tevA zu' mUrkha hatA ? A muddo kema A vijJAna vicAratA nahIM hoya ? Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat lI [ saptama badhI dUra thaI jaze. uparanA pAMcamAMthI chellAM cAra avataraNAmAM nA ekakemAM sIdhI rIte pallava zabda lakhAyA nathI ja; mAtra pahelAmAM ja spaSTapaNe tenA ullekha thayela che. eTale ekabIjAnuM anusaMdhAna joDavAne kadAca AMcakA khAvA paDe; chatAM eka khIjI aitihAsika sthiti upara paNa dhyAna kheMcavu' atra ayukta nahIM lekhAya. pu. 2. pR. 118 sikkA na 81 nuM varNana karatAM ApaNe kahI gayA chIe ke mi. ilIyaTanA dhAravA pramANe te sikko pallava rAjAnA che . jyAre mArUM anumAna te sikko AMdhrapatine ke priyadarzinane hAvA tarapha DhaLyuM che. A khemAMthI game te anumAna sAcu` hAya paNa te sikkAmAM avatinuM cihna je krosa ane khAla ( eTale vedhazALA jI. pu. 2, pR. 61 ) kahevAya che te te che ja, tema sikko paNa jUnA samayanA che; eTale pachI priyadarzinanuM cihna je hAthI gaNAyuM che te hAya vA na hoya, to paNa te sikko avaMtipatinA che ja. vaLI koi apati evA thayA nathI ke jenA kAje ava*ti paNa hAya tema (13) pu. 1 mAM zizunAgavaMzI samrATa udayananA vRttAMte ApaNe jaNAvyuM che ke, tenA putra yuvarAja anurUdhdha hiMdanI dakSiNe AvelA siMhaladvIpa upara caDAi karI hatI ane tyAM jIta meLavI peAtAnA nAma uparathI anurUpura nAme zahera vasAvyuM hatuM. pachI svadero pAchA vaLatAM, jItelA mulaka upara khaMdobasta naLavavA peAtAnA jJAtijanone nImyA hatA. A jJAtijanAnAM nAmeA jaNAvatAM pallavAjha, kadambAjha, paMDayAjha, celA vigere nAmeA jaNAvyAM che. te sarva hakIktane tAmila graMthAnA kathanathI TakA maLe che ema have sAbita thayuM. matalaba ke, ApaNe itihAsanuM je varNana karI gayA chIe te badhuM satya ja che ema A uparathI bhaNI levu. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] kArAmAMDala kinArAvALA pradeza paNa heAya. eTale ke game te dalIlA levAthI paNa aMtamAM te sikko priyadarzinanA samayanA temaja kArAmAMDala kinAre pallava rAjAnA amala hatA ( mi. ilIyaTanA dhAravA pramANenA-eka svataMtra rAjavI tarIke nahIM, paNa ava MtipatinI ANumAMnA-eTalA sudhArA sahita temaneA mata mAnya rahe che. ) tyAraneA che ema thayuM. jyAre eka graMthakAra to sAk sAk jaNAve che ke,-The Pallava kings of Kanchi had an emblem on their coins, a ship with two masts. This explains their connection with sea. They were also connected with Naga princes=kAMcI ( kAMjIvaramanA ) pallava rAjAnA sikkA upara, temanAM rAjacihna tarIke khe saDhanuM vahANu rAkhatA. A uparathI dariyA kinArA sAthenA temanA sabaMdha hAvAne! khulAsA maLI rahe che. tenA saMbaMdha vaLA nAgavaMzI rAjA (zizunAgavaMzI ane naMdavaMzI magadhapati kahevAnA hetu lAge che) sAthe paNa hatA. A uparathI jaNAze ke pallava rAjAe zizunAgavaMzI rAjAnA kuTuMbanA che. ane mArI mAnyatA paNu te zizunAgavaMzI rAjA udayananI ja pathvajAtinA--licchavI jAtinA upavibhAgamAMnA hovAnuM thayuM che ( jIe upa ranI TI. na. 13) eka khIjI hakIkata-kadAca A palavAjhanA saMbaMdha nAgavaMzI kSatriya sAthe joDAtA na mAnavA hAya teA pachI priyadarzina sAthe joDavA rahe che; ane tema gaNavAthI pR. 289 nA utpatti vigere (14) hi'. hiM, pR. 641:--Conjeevaram, the capital of the Pallavas=pavAnanI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat rA aMtamAM kahyA pramANe jUnA mauryAM te caMdraguptanA samayanA ane navA mauryAM te priyadarzinanA satrayanA gaNavA raheze. jethI A navIna mauryAe, te asalanI mauya prajAnI ja zAkhA athavA kUMgA ( saskRta nAma pallava=aMkura, kuMpaLu, kUMgA, zAkhA) rUpa che ema eLakhAvavAne pAtA mATe pallava=Pallava zabda lagADavA mAMDaye hAya ema anumAna karavuM paDaze. A pramANe pallavarAjAnA kRtinAAsanI utpatti kahI zakAze. temaNe dhIme dhIme dakSiNa dezamAM peAtAnI sattA jamAvavA mAMDI hatI. caDatI paDatInA aneka prasa Mge temaNe joyA che. hAlanA pudukATAnA rAjA paNa kSatriya pakSavAjha gaNAya che. A uparathI temane paNa mauya jAtimAMthI utarI AvelA kSatriya gaNavA rahe che. tevI ja rIte caulA rAjapatie kAMjIvaramanA rAjAe 14paNa A pallavAjha kSatriyeAja hatA ane te pramANeja gaNavA joie; teTalA mATe mi. vinseTa smithane paNa lakhavuM paDayu` che ke-15 Petty Maurya dynasties apparently connected in some unknown way with the Imperial line, ruled in Konkan, between the Western Ghats and the sea, and some other parts of Western India during the 6th, 7th, & 8th centuries and are frequently men. tioned in inscriptions=te zAhI kuTu MbanI ( magadhapati mauya nI ) sAthe kAi agamya rIte sayukta thayelI evI sau prajAnI nAnI nAnI zAkhA, pazcima dhATa ane samudra vacce AvelA rAjadhAnI kAMjIvarama, ( 15 ) a. hi. iM. trIjI AvRtti. pR. 195, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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191 krAMkaNu upara 16 temaja i. sa. nI chaThThI, sAtamI ane AThamI sadInA arasAmAM pazcima hiMdurastAnamAM rAjaya karatI hatI. A prakAranA ullekha vAravAra zilAlekhamAM vAMcavAmAM Ave che. A pramANe A pAva prajA nAnAMmeTAM rAjyamAM svAmitva bhAgavatI bhAgavatI mi. smithanA kahevA pramANe DeDha i. sa. nI AThamI sadI sudhI te cAlI AvI che ja. ane tyAMsudhI temanI mULa jAtilicchavI ane mauya prajA-nA dhama je jaina hatA te pALye jatI hatI. rAjA pote gAdIpati hAvAthI rAjadhama tarIke jaina dharma ja manAye jatA hatA, paNa te AkhA pradeza upara zAradA maThAdhIzvara zrImat zaMkarAcAryajInA anuyAyI zaivamArgIonu jora vadhatuM jatAM, te sa MpradAyanA pradhAneAnA hAthamAM rAjanI lagAma avAranavAra AvI paDatI hatI. tevA eka prasaMga eka samaye jainadharmI cAlA rAjAnA amalamAM upasthita thayA hatA. rAjA jainadhamI hatA tathA tenI rANI paNa jainadhamI hatI. te rANInuM maraNa thatAM pradhAnanA upadezathI pAsenA zaivamAgI rAjAnI kuMvarI vera tenA khIjI vAranA lagnasabaMdha joDAyeA. lagna pachI theADAka samaye rANInA sahavAsathI temaja pradhAnanI caDAvaNIthI rAjAnA vicAra badalAyA. teNe dharma parivartana karyuM - pallAjhanI oLakha (16) 'ba nAmanA kSatriyone paNa ApaNe te licchavI kSatriyanI ja zAkhA kahI che (jue uparanI TI. naM. 13) ane A kada'bavazI rAjAnA amala pradeza DhAMkaNavALA bhAga jene prAcIna samaye aparAMta kahetA hatA-te upara hatA. ahIM mi. vinseTa smithanuM kathana paNa ApaNA kathanane maLatu Ave che. vaLI i. sa. nI khAramI sadImAM thaela gUrjarapati sAla kI kuLabhUSaNa rAjA karNadevanA lagnasaMbadha je rANI mInaladevI sAthe sadhAyA hatA ane jenI kukSIe itihAsaprasiddha rAja siddharAja jayasiMhane janma thayA hatA, te rANI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ saptama pote zaivamAgI banyA, te samayanA te dharmonA apAra nAmanA eka AcAryanA upadezathI teNe jaina dhamI one kAMTA kADhI nAMkhyA. te uparathI dakSiNanA itihAsanA lekho lakhI rahyA che 317. Jains were driven out of the Pallava country by Appar (Saiva Saint) in or about A. D. 750, though they were not rooted out of the Chola country=i. sa. 750 mAM athavA te arasAmAM apAra nAmanA zaivAcArye pallava dezamAMthI jainAne hAMkI kADhyA hatA. jo ke cAlA rAjyamAMthI temane vinAza teA thayA ja nahAtA. ahIM' te! mAtra hAMkI kADhavA jeTalI ja sthiti varNavAya che. paNa ArakATa zaheranA prakhyAta thayela killAomAM te temanI kala karAyAnAM dRzyA citarelAM mAlUma paDI rahyAM che. game te hAya : ApaNe te vAtanI sAthe atyAre saMbaMdha nathI, tethI te upara vivecana karavAnI jarUra nathI. atre te| eTaluM ja naNavAnuM che ke, pallavAjha te hiMdamAMnI ja asalathI vasI rahelI prajA che. vaLI te licchavI-sa`nijImAMthI utpanna thayelI che. tema tene irAnamAMthI utarI AvelI ane paradezI tarIke gaNuAi rahelI pAjha nAmanI prajA sAthe koi jAtaneA, nathI lehI saMbadha ke nathI mInaladevI paNa A kadakhavazI bhUpatinI ja rAjakanyA hatI. temaja 'khava-zI rAjAe jaina dharmonuyAyI hatA ema paNa jaNAyuM che. A sa` hakIkata ApaNe vaNavelI aitihAsika bInAne satya TharAve ja che, priyadarzinanA zilAlekhamAM tethI karIne ja A sarvAM prajAne khaDiyA rAjA tarIke na lekhatAM, potAnA kauTuMbika jAtinA gaNIne Bordering lands=sImA prAMtA tarIke oLakhAvyA che. ( jue temanuM jIvana vRttAMta. ) (17) jIe . sa. iM. pR. 66. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] koi jAtanA aitihAsika sabadha; vaLI temane mukhya vasavATa kRSNA nadInI dakSiNe ja rahyo che. te mULe jainadharmI hatA. paNa pAchaLathI i. sa. nI AThamI sadIthI te prajA zaivadharmI thai gai hatI. ATalu' vivecana pallavAjha saMbaMdhI karyuM bAda have pAchA padUvAjhanA itiDAsa upara ApaNe AvIe. tema karavA pUrve keTalIka anya hakIkatathI vAkeph karavA jarUra dekhAya che. thADAM varSo agAu samaya evA hatA ke, sArI saMskRti" vAlA ane vidyApIThAnI mATI mATI upAdhI meLavI heAya tevA padavIdharA paNu, jayAre temanA kAne prAcIna pustakAmAMnI ke purANeAnI kAi vAta athavA hakIkata evI AvI paDatI ke je buddhimAM tAtkAlika utare tevI na hAya-eTale ke pratyakSa pramANathI siddha thAya tevI nahAya-- tyAre turaMtaja tene ThaMDA paheAranA gapATA tarIke gaNIne hasI kADhatA hatA; paNa have jyArathI Adhunika vijJAnazAstre, kalpanAmAM paNa kASTa divasa AvyAM na hoya tevAM aneka rahasyapUrNa dRSTAMtA satya tarIke puravAra karI batAvyAM che tyArathI have teo paNa utAvaLa na karatAM sthira citta vastusthiti vicAratA thayA che. eTale ApaNe A pAritrAmAM je kahevA mAMgIe chIe tenI samajUti kharAkhara hRdayamAM utarI zake te mATe upara jaNAvelAM vaijJAnika dRSTAMtane TUMkamAM nirdeza karavA raheze; jemake (1) vIjaLika pravAhanI gati eka miniTamAM lAkhA mAilanI have jaNA che; teA pachI hiMdI graMthAmAMnu je pahuvAjha A ke anA utpatti vigere ( 18 ) jamUdrIpanA kSetramApa vigerenI samajUti mATe uparamAM pR. 128 thI AgaLa jue. (19) bhale pachI tenAM zarIranAM mAna, lakhAI, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 293 kathana che ke eka deva AMkhanA palakArAmAtramAM- ati sUkSma samayamAM-AkhA jamUdrIpane 8 krUratA AMTA mArI zakatA hatA te kema khATu pADI zakAya ? (2) misara dezamAMnI amuka vastuo je bhUgarbha mAMthI maLI AvI che tenu astitva jayAre pAMca-sAta lAkha varSa pUrvenu manAyuM che, tyAre kema nAkabUla karI zakAya ke pRthvI te| anaMta kALathI vasAyalI che ane te vakhate paNa manuSyA19 hatAM ja (3) IMglAMDamAM kheDA kheDA jyAre eka kaLa athavA cAMpa dAkhavAthI traNa ke cAra hajAra dUra paDela amerikAmAM amuka kAya karI zakAya che. divAsaLI pragaTAvyA vinA dIvA karI zakAya che. tema manuSyanA prayatna vinA ekI sAthe lAkhA dIvA eka sekanDanI samaya gumAvyA vinA paNa thai zake che. pRthvI upara beThA beThA lAkhA-kareADA mAla dUra Avela maMgaLa nAmanA grahamAM rahela mANaseAthI thatI kriyA joi zakAya che. sinemAnA sTeja uparanA citramAM rahela mANase jIvatAMjAgatAM manuSyanI mAphaka kheAlIcAlI tathA nAcI-kudI zake che. manuSyA . vimAnamAM besIne sthaLamA` ke jaLa mA karatAM paNa vadhAre tvarAthI ane vinA aDacaNe icchita sthAne pahoMcI zake che. tyAre zuM have ema mAnavAne nA pADI zakAya ke, (a) manuSyanA zarIramAM rahelI zakti karatAM paNu kAMika ora, anerI ane pracaMDa tAkAta dharAvanArI evI te aneka zaktio kudaratamAM paDI rahI che ke jenA upayAga te zaktionA khudanA karatAM anekaguNe zaktihIna manuSya, potAnI icchA pramANe karI zake che; temaja karatA hatA UMcAi, AyuSya vigere atyAranA karatAM ghaNAM ja judA svarUpanAM haiAya tenI ahIM vAta nathI; paNa manuSyanI haiyAtI tA hatI ja ne ! www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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294 pahUkavAjha prajA [ saptama (b) ke zarIranI bAheMtiya karatAM aMtareMddhinuM jarUrI che. tyAre bIjo pakSa ema mAnI rahyo sAmarthya vizeSa hatuM; (c) ke uDana pAvaDI ane che ke, zastrasajaja prajA je hoya to ja humalo pavana pAvaDI jevI vastuo paNuM astitva karanArane bhIti rahe ane koI paNa AkramaNa dharAvatI hatI temaja temAM besIne amApa vistA- kare nahIM. A pramANe ApaNe yuropIya baMdhu. ranA dariyAo ane agAdha jaMgalo, tathA onA zAsamAM maMtraNA cAlI rahI che. beya mahAmuzkelIthI caDhAya tevA parvata pagavaDe caDhavAne eka che mArga judA che. tyAre temanI ja najare badale ema ne ema oLaMgI javAtA hatA; (d) ane sAkSIe atre hiMdamAM, te ja dhyeya mATeke mahAtmAo labdhi meLavIne, vinA avalaMbane zAMtinI prApti mATe-kAMI paNa zastra astra aneka addabhuta kAryo karI zakatA hatA (e) ke vinA ja temaja ahiMsAnA mArge ja AgaLa manuSyonAM AyuSyo ane temanAM zarIranAM mAna- vadhavAnuM kArya zuM nathI karI batAvAtuM? UMcAI vigere, vartamAna kALe che tenAM karatAM ATalAM ATalAM daSTAMto ApavAnuM prayo, anekagaNuM vizeSa hatAM; zuM AvI sthiti ekadA - jana khAsa te e ja che ke, je vastusthiti mAtra pravartI rahI che te tenI nA pADI zakAze ? thoDAM varSa pUrve ja, azakya gaNI kaDhAtI athavA (4) jyAM nAmadAra nIjhAma jevA keTalAka duHzakya hovAnuM dhArI levAtuM hatuM, te ja paridezI rAjakartAonA jamAnAmAM baso ane traNa rithati hAlanA vaijJAnika kALamAM, akhatarAo vaDe begama-rANIo-strIo hevAnuM ApaNe sAMbha- taddana saMbhavita puravAra thatI jAya che, jyAre LIe chIe, tyAM pachI kRSNa vAsudeva jevA kharI rIte to te ja varatusthiti prAcIna samaye zaktizALI ane vIryavAna purUSane hajAronI astitva paNa dharAvatI hatI temaja svAbhAvika saMkhyAmAM rANIo hoya tema mAnavAmAM zuM rIte kudaratanA bhaMDAramAM saMgrahIta paNa paDI rahelI ja deva AvI zake ? (5) zravaNa belagolanI hatI; jenI pratIti tarIke tenuM varNana purANika ane tenI AsapAsanA pradezamAM ke anya sthAnamAM graMthamAM karAyeluM ane sacavAI raheluM ApaNI UbhI sthitimAM najare paDatI pracaMDa kAyanI najare paNa paDe che. eTale AvI hakIkatanuM koI zilA-mUrtio, atyAre bhale ApaNane tenA kada varNana havethI vAMcavAmAM Ave che, temAM nathI mATe adhadhadha kahevarAvatI hoya, paraMtu tenI sajAvaTa zaMkA lAvavAnuM kAraNa ke nathI Azcarya pAmavAnuM ane banAvaTanA samaye tenA jeTalI laMbAIvALA kAraNa; chatAM jo tevI vAta samajAtI na hoya manuSya te samaye vimAnapaNe vicaratA hoya te tenuM kAraNa ApaNI daSTi ane buddhinuM sthaLaema mAnavAne zA mATe saMkeca khAvo paDe ? paNuM che ema ja mAnavuM. have ApaNe ItihAsa (6) dareka prakAranI unnati temaja pragati mATe AlekhananA ApaNA kAryamAM AgaLa cAlIe. prajAmAM sadA kALa zAMti game te bhoge paNa prasaMge pAta ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe jaLavAI rahevI joIe. A sUtra svIkAryA pachI ke, vartamAna IrAna tathA tenI pazcime Avela pradeza tenI prApti mATe eka pakSa ema mAnI rahyo che asala jaMbudvIpamAM Avela tenA eka aMtaradvIpane. ke, zastra tathA astra vinA yuddha cAlI zakatuM ja -zAkaThIpano vibhAga hatuM. te vibhAga upara nathI. mATe saghaLI prajAe zastra visarjana karavuM rAmAyaNamAM varNavAyela rAmacaMdrajInA putra lava ane

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paricchede ] kuza temaja mahAbhAratanA samayanA nAyaka ane vIra kezarI kRSNanA putra zAMkhakumArAdi tyAM jaI Avela hatA. matalaba ke, zAkaddIpa ane jaM khUdrIpa vacce khUba vyavahAra hatA ja-pachI tenA prakAra rAjadvArI, sAmAjika ke Arthika tathA anya viSayaka hoya te vastu judI che; tema eTalu paNa nirvivAda che ke, jyAM AMtarika vyavahAra cAlatA hoya tyAM arasaparasanI raheNIkaraNI upara asara thAya, thAya te thAya ja. te nyAye jamUdropanA bharatakhaMDanA AryonI raheNIkaraNInI asara zAkadvIpanA vatanIo upara paNa thavI ja joie. jema zAkadvIpanI aMtima pUrva hade--eTale ja khUddIpa taraphanI hade-IrAnavALA pradeza hatA tema jammUdvIpanI cheka pazcima sImAe-eTale zAkadvIpa taraphanI hade-ApaNA RSimuninAM udbhavasthAnavALeA zakasthAnane pradeza hatA. jayAre A anve pradezA eka bIjAnI taddana lagAlaga hoya tyAre temanA AMtaravyavahAranI chApa te pratyekanA dUra dUrabhAganA vatanI upara je kAMi paDI zake tenA karatAM A e nikaTavartI pradezanI prajA upara adhikAMze thAya te samajAya tevI vastu che; tethI AryAMvatamAM-ja khUdrIpamAM-vasI rahela RSinAM cAritryAdinI chApa, A IrAnamAM vasatA tyAMnA mULa vatanIe upara paDI ja hatI. eTale AryAvratanA RSi muni je A ke anA ( 20 ) A zabdathI nyUnatA paNa darzAvI dIdhI tema tenuM pramANa paNa khatAvI dIdhuM: be arthInI siddhi ekI vakhate karI batAvI. athavA kadAca ema paNa hoya ke, rUSi muni cAra vedane mAnatA hatA jyAre A pahallI prazna mAtra eka vedane athavA te navA prakAranI sthitine ja mAnya rAkhatI hoya; anete hisAbe A zabdo kADhayA hoya, ( 21 ) jIe nIcenI TIkA na. 22. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 195 peAtAne Arya sa MskRtinA sa`pUrNa poSaka ane pAlaka mAnatA hatA teo temanA pADezI A IrAnIne pAtAthI ghaNe aMze nyUna TharAvIne pAtAne oLakhavAne saMpUrNa daka je ' RSi ' zabda hatA tenI pUrve nyUnatAdaka20 pA=} ( quarter) joDIne temane pASi nAmathI sodhavA lAgyA haze ema anumAna thAya che. pachI pAruSi zabdanI azuddhi apabhraMza thatAM thatAM pArasI zabda kadAca banI gayeA hAya. game tema hAya paNu, IrAna dezanI prajAne sAdhAraNa rIte ApaNe pArasI nAmathI eLakhIe chIe ane vartamAna kALe ApaNA pArasI baMdhuo paNa potAnA mAdara vatana tarIke IrAnane ja gaNAve che; eTale pArasI zabdanI utpatti A pramANe kalpavAthI temanA mAdara vatanane pArasadeza21 kahI zakAya. tema prAcIna hiMduprathAmAM irAna dezane pArasa zabdathI aneka vAra sa`khAdhAyela22 che. vaLI kALakrame A pArasa ane pArasI zabdanuM rUpAMtara thai kArasa ane kArasI thayAM che, je zabdo hAla paNa tevA ja artha'mAM vaparAyA kare che. jema eka bAju upara pramANe vastusthiti che tema khIjI bAju irAnanI prAcInatAne lagatI keTalIka hakIkata eka sthAne23 prasiddha thaI hatI, temAMtho je kAMI upayAgI tathA rasika lAgI che te atra rajU karUM chuM; (22) IrAnI akhAtanA kinAre je zakasthAnanA pradeza Avela che tyAMthI kAlikasUri nAme eka prakhyAta jainAcAya, zaka saradArAne AmaMtrIne hi'dusthAnamAM teDI lAgyA hatA. (jIe AgaLa upara gabhIla va zanA itihAsamAM tenI hakIkate ) te zaka prajAnA vatanane jaina sAhityagra'thAmAM pArasa deza tarIke oLakhAvela che. ( 23 ) jIe ''sAhitya" mAsika pu, 17, pu, 485-487. TI. na. pa-6, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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296 jethI temanI ane ApaNI vaccenA-Aya anAya -sabadhatA khyAla AvI javA saMbhava che. pahvAsa prajA pAradiyana eTale irAnanA rAjA tathA paMjAbanA davisAra rAyana rAjA avisAra (Abesares) te banne sagA bhAio hatA. tema pahelavIra4 te pAronI bhASAnu nAma che. vaLI pAkriya te pAvine apabhraMza che ane pArthiva zreSThavaziSTha te IrAnanA rahIza hatA, ema matsya purANu paNa kahe che. arjunane paNa pArthiva kahIne ja samAdhAya che. vaLI kahevAya che ke, rAmalakSmaNanA pUrvaja dilipa rAjAnuM rAjya rAnamAM hatu.rapa ane tene putra amitra Urphe zAsana hatA. zAsananA uparathI temanA vaMza " zAsana kahevAye|. zAsanava'zIya IrAnI narezAnI rAjyabhASAnuM nAma pahelavI hatuM. A zAsanavaMzI ( anamitra'Iphe zAsana ) nI ceAthI peDhIe harabhuja ( varUNa ) pIAnA rAjA banyA. rAmajurabhuja te irAnanuM meTuM bhAratIya mAlanu keMdra vANiya (emporiun ) hatu. khaTTAMganA ( dAlapanuM bIjuM nAma saMbhave che) samayamAM devAsura saMgrAma thayela. dilipanA be putrAnAM nAma amitrara6 ane rahyu hatA. vaLI IrAnanA itihAsamAMthI mAlUma paDe che ke, zAsanavaMzI "" (24) upar ApaNe jaNAvyuM che ke pahalavI te IrAnInI bhASA che. ahIM jaNAvAyuM ke te te pAradInI bhASA che eTale bhUmitinA sUtra siddhAMta pramANe ( Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another= je vastu amuka vastunI sarakhI che te vastu ApasaApasamAM paNa sarakhI ja hoya che. ) pAradI ane parziyA eka ja pradezanuM nAma thayuM gaNAya. ( 25 ) vaLI bru. hisTrI ek parziyA pu. 1, pR. 422-23: tayA uparanI TIkA naM. 24. ( 26 ) vighna upanAmavALe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ saptama pArada peAtAne pahatva paNa kahevarAvatA. temanI pahathvI bhASA uparathI teo pahalla ke pahuva kahevAyA.27 pArada ane palava IrAnI mata mujaba eka ja jAtatA, paraMtu bhinna kALamAM thayelA nRpati hatA. Ama aneka daSTAMtathI khAtrI thAya che ke, prAcIna kALe hAlanuM irAna te AryAvartI rAnnanI sattA taLe hatu` ja; ane tethI tyAMnI prajA leAhIthI temaja saMskRtithI28 A prajA sAthe thADA ghaNA aMze joDAyalI ag hatI......vaLI AgaLa vadhIne eTale sudhI paNa kahevAya che ke, IrAnI ane grIka prajA paNa sagAtrIya che ( sister nations ). banne sUryavaMzIra9 dekhAya che. IrAnanA yemana ( Yemen ) ane yAna ( Young ) prAMtA paNa yavaneAnAM sthAna che. temaja grIsa e paurANika yavanadeza che. tenA samudranuM nAma Ioniansen=yavanasAgara ane dvIpAnuM nAma Ionian islands=vanadvIpa samUha kahevAya che. A jAti paNa vRSalatva kSatriya che. ATaluM temanI prAcInatA vize thayuM. have temane saMbaMdha ApaNA itihAsanI sAthe joDI batAvIe. irAnI prajA pAcIna samaye kevI rIte yavanA sAthe tathA hiMdI prajAnA RSi-munie khaTTAMgarAna irAnI rAjAe anamitra ( zAsana ) bhAratIya rAja 21 azira (Ardeshir ) rApura ( The good ) dazaratha huMrabhuja ( vargu ) rAmacaMdra viSNu (27) jIe upara pR. 294 nu' vana. (28) sarakhAve| pR. 295 mAM parUSi zabdanI utpatti vironI kalpanAvALI hakIkata. aja www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] ane A sAthe salagna thayelI hatI te uparanA pArAmAM jaNAvI dIdhuM che, tyAMsudhIne samaya i. sa. pU. navamI sadIe AvI pahoMce che. te bAda temanI rAjakIya sthiti je thavA pAmI hatI te TUMkamAM ApaNe uparanA tRtIya paricchede, ceAna prajAe peAtAnI svataMtratA meLavI hiMda sAthe pavAjhanuM rAjakIya sadhANa ( 29) AnAM keTalAMya udAharaNA ApyAM che. ( jIe " sAhitya " pu. 17, pR. 57 thI 600) ,, sarakhAmaNI cIka ( 1'za) Heliadae (rAjA) Euristhenes (rAna) Atreus Hercules A ke anA Balcan bhAratIya sUcavaza yudhiSThira Atreyasa (atriva'zI) harikuLa (lIDIyA ane siriyAnA rAna) alika rAjA ( zAMtanu rAjAnA bhAI) je uparathI balkha, khAlDrIka ( Syria ) ane bAlkansa ( Balkans) upanAmanA pradezA paDayA. grIka lAkA enA vaMzonu nAma Balica putras=" khalika putrasa " kahe che. spArTInA prathama narezane TaoNDa sAheba yudhiSThira kahe che. ( nru rR. 85 TI. naM. ra. ) rici ( Lux ) zaniyA ( Saturn ) kazyapa ( Uranus) bRhaspati ke magaLa ( Zeus ) jAnhavI ( Hera ) varUNa ( Posliden=Neptune ) viSNudamitra ( Demeter ) satI ( Hesti ) : khaLarAma ( Hercules ) kRSNa (Apoleo ) sUryanA putra zani ( zrutimAM te grIsa tathA zamanA prathama nareza hatA, te samayane satyayuga 38 ziva (Bachhus) budha ( Mercury ) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 297 hatI tenA khyAla ApatAM ApatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale ke irAnI prajA jema prAcIna samaye hiM'da sAthe saMlagna hatI tema navamI sadI pachI paNa hiMdu sAthe dhATA samAgamamAM AvatI rahI hatI, te vize ke, hi, IM. pR. 329mAM jaNAvAyu che kre-"Prior to the seventh century B. C. there was a great commercial relation between Persia, Babylon & ( Golden age ) grIsa ane rAmanavALA mAne che. tyAM zanivAra ( Sabath nA divasane pahele divasa manAca che. Saturn is the ancient Roman God of agriculture=tene bhAre utsavanA dina manAya che. mahinAnA chellA zanivAra paNa temane mATe tahevAranA divasa che. bhAratavarSamAM zaninuM dAna leDhuM ane grIsa tathA rAmamAM sIsuM manAya che. e deza zaninA raMga zyAma mAne che, sUcava zIne pAzcAtya dezeAmAM Titans=sajIva sUrya kahe che. tene apabhraMzatriyatana (Traitana ) thayeA che. e kAzyapanu nAma che. AvI rIte nAma, vaza, upanAma vigere pramANeAthI siddha thAya che ke grIsa, rAma, IrAna vigere sUnA rAjyamAM joDAyalA hatA. ( jaina mata pramANe rUSabhadevanA putrane judA judA dezAnu' rAjya sAMpyuM hatu. temAM Ane maLatAM ja nAmeA Ave che. vaLI temane ikSvAku vaza sUryavaMzI ja che, ) IrAnano prathama nareza cama ane sArvANe manu hatA. ane grIsa tathA rAmanA prathama nareza sArvANe manunA bhAI hatA. A ja kAraNathI irAnI ane grIke sagAtrIya=sister nations gaNAya che. grIsamAM kevaLa Saturnah ne ja tahevAra paLAtA hatA ema nahIM, paraMtu Phagesia=phAlgunI devInI hALI paNa tyAM mAnavAmAM AvatI hatI. ( jI ToDa rAja phesTIvalsa pustaka pR. 414.) (30) uparamAM yAna praznanA paricchede batAvI Apyu. che ke yavana eTale grIka prajA. eTale yavana praznanA deza te yavana deza samajavA. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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298 pAjhanu India, which it is believed was largely via the Persian Gulf=D. sa, pU. nI sAtamI sadInI agAu, irAna, khekhIleAna, ("hAlanuM mesaTemIA ) ane hiMda vacce khUba vyApAra jAmyA hatAH ema anumAna thAya che. A sarAnI akhAta mAraphata cAlatA hatA.'' 1 te bAda IrAnI zahenazAha sAIrasa ane DerIasanI rAjasattA hiMdanA vAyavya pradezamAM thaI hatIH pachI rAnane alekajhAMDare jItI lIdhuM, vaLI tenA havAlAmAMthI hiMdI samrATa priyadarzine cheDAvI lIdhuM; paNa tenI vRddhAvasthA AvatAM vaLI karIne te Arasekasa vaMza taLe svataMtra banyu, te sarva hakIkata chUTaka chUTakapaNe jaNAvAi gai che. A svataMtratAprAptinA samaya i. sa. pU. 250 AsapAsanA kahI zakAya, te ja arasAmAM, kadAca ekAda varSa bAda ke khe / traNa mAsanA aMtare, yAna-ekaTrIA paNa svataMtra khanI gayu` hatu`.32 pArthIansanI utpattinu sthAna, pR. 143mAM jaNAvyA pramANe khArasAnanA prAMta gaNAya che. pUrvenA pahavAjhathI, havenI prajA judI oLakhI zakAya mATe mI. vinsenTa ramItha jevAe pAthI anya tarIke temane oLakhavA mAMDacA che.37 temanuM vana lakhatAM kahe che ke (31) vaLI jue. a. hi. iM. trIjI AvRtti pR. 28 nu TIppaNu, (32) A hakIkata mATe uparamAM Aja-khaDa yAna bekaTrIansanI utpattivALA prathama pariNe jIe. (33) truo buddhiprArA pU. 76. julAI aka 3. 11. ( 34 ) je pradezamAM hAlanu' khAva zahera Avyu che. te bhUmine ' turkImAna ' tarIke oLakhAvAya che: ApaNe vaNna karI rahyA chIe te samaye te ekaTrIAnA eka bhAga hatA. ( 35 ) jema ApaNe khArAsAnane prAMta kahyo che Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sama " They were a race of rude and hardy horsemen, with habits similar to those of the modern Turkomans, dwelt beyond the Persian deserts in the comparatively infertile regions to the S. E. of the Caspean Een; they were armed like the Bactrians with canebows and short spears; unlike Bactrians, they had never adopted Greek culture, although submissive to their Persian and Macedonian masters, retained unchanged the habits of a horde of mounted shepherds, equally skilled in the management of their steeds and the use of the bow= te ( pAthI ansa) vartamAna turkImAna 34 ( prajA )nI jevI ja raheNIkaraNIvALI jaM galI ane khaDatala zarIravALI dhADesvAra ( prajA ) hatI. ( vaLI ) te irAnanA raNanI pelIpAra (paNa) kAspIana samudranA agnikhUNe AvelA,5 sarakhAmaNImAM ochA kuLadrupa pradezamAM rahetA hatA. jo ke yAna prajAnI peThe te 7 ane jyAMthI pArziansanI utpatti lekhAvI che tema; A khArAsAna prAMta, ane mULa IrAna vacce ceADAka bhAga retALa pradeza che tethI ahI' ' raNanI pelIpAra ' evA rAbda vAparyo che. ( 36 ) turkImAna pradeza ane A khArAsAna prAMtanI phaLadrupatAnI sarakhAmaNI karela che. turkomAna eTale bekaTrI: te vadhAre phaLadrupa hatA ema kahevAnI matalaba che. (37) yAna ane pArthImansa prajanA rItarivA jenI sarakhAmaNI karI batAvI che ke, keTalIka rAhararAme sarakhI hatI chatAM keTalIka taddana bhinna hatI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] rAjakIya saMdhANa 299 netaranA kAmaThAM tathA nAnAM bhAlAMo rAkhatA hatAM. teo potAnA pahelavI tathA yavana saradAre 8nI jhuMsarImAM hatA chatAM temaNe na prajAnI peThe39 grIkasaMskRtine kadApi apanAvI nahatI ja; paNa joDesvAra Ahiro-bharavADanA cUthanA rItarIvAjone custapaNe vaLagI rahyA hatA; temaja pitAnA gheDAnI jAta ucheranI ane kAmaThAM vAparavAnI kaLAmAM teTalA ja pAva- radhA banI rahyA hatA." A eka ja vAkayamAM bekaTrIansa ane pAradanI-ema banne prajAnIrAjakIya temaja sAmAjika sthitine tathA temanA svabhAva ane raheNIkaraNIne saMkSiptamAM ThIka ThIka citAra ApI dIdhuM che. ahIM AgaLa vaLI ApaNuM eka siddhAM. tane punaracAra karavo paDe che ke, A pustaka hiMdI itihAsanuM heI, hiMda bahAranI koI hakIkata vizeSa laMbANathI na lakhavI; chatAM atre TUMka IzAro karIne na patAvatAM, tevI hakIkata kAMIka laMbANathI je levI paDe che te sahetuka che. jo A judI judI prajAne ATale paNa saTIka khulAse nathI apAte, te temanA rAjAonAM temaja temanA saradAronAM je nAme ane oLakha mATe ajJAnamAM ane aMdhArAmAM gothAM khAyAM karIe chIe temAMthI bahAra nIkaLavAne haju paNa Are na Avata. A uparathI ame ema paNa kahevA nathI mAgatAM ke, ame je bhUlabhUlAmaNIno ukela ahIM kADhI batAvyo che te chevaTane ja che, tema kAMIka sagarva kahI zakIe tema paNa chIe ke, atyAra sudhI je kAMI jaNAyuM che tenA upara amArA nivedanathI pUrataathavA thoDAghaNe aMze paNa-prakAza te jarUra paDe che ja. eTale ame jyAM jyAM galatI karI haze tyAM tyAMthI kharUM tattva pakaDI pADI, anya vidvAne temAM ora vizeSa ajavALuM pADavAne sAmarthya meLavaze ema saharSa saMteSa dharIe chIe. ke. hi. I.nA lekhaka mata ema che keParthians or Pahlavas and Scythians ( Sakas ) were so closely associated that it is not always possible to distinguish between them, the same family includes both Parthian and Scythian names= pAthIansa athavA 5 lhAjha ane sithiyansa (athavA zaka) eTalA badhA haLImaLI gayelA che ke, eka bIjAmAMthI temane oLakhI kADhavA haMmezA saMbhavita nathI. eka ja kuTuMbamAM pAthI ana ane zaka nAmano samAveza thaI jato dekhAya che. temanI kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, pAthI (40) hiMdamAMnA Ahire ane A pAradenI TevonI sarakhAmaNI kare te banne vizeno kAMIka khyAla AvI javo; tathA mULe te kSatriya ane laDAyaka prajAnA guNa dharAvatI hatI ema jaNAya che. (41) ATale darajaje temane mULa dhaMdho batAbe tathA jema zarIre khaDatala hatA tema mAnasika vicAramAM abujha athavA makkama valaNavALA paNa hoya ema rAcave che. (42) jue . hiI. pR. 518. (38) A bane (Ana ane pArada ) prajAnA saradAra hatA. teo svataMtra nahatA. pAchaLathI svataMtra thayA che ema kahevAne bhAvArtha che (kene tAbe hatA te prazna bhale zaMkAspada rahe.) (39) kena prajAe grIka saMskRti apanAvI hatI jyAre pAradee potAnI ja jaLavI rAkhI hatI. A temanI bhinnatA che athavA na karatAM pArade vadhAre majabUta mananA hatA; athavA temanuM mULa te yavana prajA taraphanuM hatuM ema batAve che (sarakhA na ane yavana prajanA taphAvatavALI hakIkata) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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300 ansa ane zaka lokeAnAM vatana, vikAsa, rItarivAjo vigere ghaNI dhaNI bAbateA aMdhArAmAM rahela hAine te e prajAnAM nAma vigerene chUTA pADavAnu` kA` ati kaThina che. jema A vidvAna lekhakanA abhiprAya ane muzkelI che te ja pramANe, khIjA tevA ja prakhyAta graMthakAra mi. repsanane paNa anubhava thaye| dekhAya che. temanu` kathana e che 343- The difficulty of distinguishing between the Scythian (Sakas) and Parthian (Pahlavas) dynasties in India is well known. The proper names afford the only means of making a distinction between them and a consideration of these, supplies no certain guide, since names derived from both sources are applied to members of the same family--hiMdamAMnA sithIansa (zaka) ane pAthI ana (pahalvAjha) vaza vaccenI oLakha karavAnI muzkelI sArI rIte jANItI che. temanI oLakha mATe (temanAM) vizeSa nAmeA ja mAtra sAdhanarUpa che; ane tenA vicArathI paNa cokkasa dAravaNI te| nathI ja thatI, kemake te bannenAM (prajAnAM) hAya tevAM nAmeA eka ja kuTuMbanAM aneka sabhyAe dhAraNa karelAM hAya che.'' ahI banne vidvAneAnAM kathana je TAMkayAM che te eka ja vAta siddha kare che ke, palllAjha ane sithIansa prajA vaccenI khAtarIpUrvaka meLakha meLavavAnu` kA` ati muzkela che. tema ApaNI murAda te vAkayA utAravAnI paNa e ja che ke vidvAnAnI muzkelIonA khyAla vAMcakavagate Ave; nahIM ke temane doSa (43) tuo ke. AM. re. prastAvanA pR. 99 TI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat pavAjhanu [ sakSama rajU karavAnA hetu che. khIjI eka vAta kahI daie ke, jyAre temanAM nAma chUTAM pADavAnuM kAya muzkela che tyAre te baMnenA rAjadvArI itihAsa eka khIjAthI chUTA pADavAnuM kArya te| tethI pazu vizeSa duDha thAya ja ne ! chatAM manuSya dhAre te zuM nathI karI zakatA ? te ukti anusAra ApaNe paNa ApaNA prayatna sevavA ja rahe che. pR. 298 mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke i. sa. pU. 250 nI AsapAsa prathama IrAna (pArthIA) svataMtra thayuM ane pachI theADI ja avidhamAM ekaTrIAe paNa te ja mAga grahaNa karyAM hatA. ekaTrIAnI gAdI upara AvyA bAda jyAre DimeTrIasa hiMda taraph jIta meLavavAmAM khUba rokAyA hatA, tyAre tenI khekaTrIAnI gAdI kAi yukreTAiDajha nAmanA saradAre paDAvI lIdhI hatI; paNu uparAkata DimeTrIasa ane tenA saradAra minenDaranA maraNa bAda (i. sa. pU. 159) temanI ja sAthe 'idamAMnA rAjakAryamAM joDAyalA ane pelA baLavAkhAra yukreTAIDajhanA putra helIkase, hiMda cheDI dai ekaTrIA pAchA pharatAM, peAtAnA khevaphAdAra pitAnA agAnistAnamAM beTA thatAM mArI nAMkhyA hatA. te hakIkata sudhI ApaNe mAhitagAra thaI cUkayA chIe; eTale ke have (i. sa. pU. 150 AsapAsa) ekaTrIA upara A DelIekasanA rAjaamala tapatA thayA hatA. jyAre te samaye pArthIAmAM ArasekasavaMzI pAMceka rAjA thaI gayA hatA ane chaThTho Arasekasa Urphe mitheDeTasa pahele gAdI upara hatA. tenA samaya (jIe pR. 145 nI vaMzAvaLI ) i. sa. pU. 174 thI 136=38 varSanA gaNAya che. helIekasanA rAjyanA aMta kayAre AvyA te jaNAyuM nathI, tema ApaNe te na', 1. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] sAthe saMbaMdha paNa nathI; paraMtu tenA adhi kAra taLe agAnistAnanA je bhAga hatA te helIekasanA maraNa bAda uparanA mizreDeTasanA banne AvyA hAya ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che. eTale atyArasudhI agAnistAnanA pazcima ane dakSiNa pradeza ke jemAM zaka prajAnA (Scythians=sithiansa ja vasavATa hatA ane je mitheDeTasanA tAkhe hatA, temAM upara pramANe akgAnistAnanA uttara bhAga umerAtAM, mitheDeTasanA kabajAmAM (pArthIonA rAjyamAM) have khArAsAnapazcima irAna, agAnistAna tathA bahucistAna paNa AvI paDyAM. A pramANe pAthIana sAmrAjyanA vistAra vadhI gayA ane zaka prajA upara tenA kAbU vadhAre majabUta thavA pAmyA. mithreDeTasanA maraNabAda vaLI e rAjA nabaLA thayA temanA samayamAM zaka prajAe svataMtra thavAne mAthuM uMcakayuM--aLavA karyAM, paNa tevAmAM pArthIAnI rAja lagAma mithreDeTasa khIjo Urphe Arasekasa navamAnA hAthamAM AvI paDI; tenA samaye jabarUM yuddha thayu' ane pariNAme pArthIana zahe nazAhanI tAkhedArI haMmezane mATe zaka prajAne mAthe ThokI besArA. A mATe ke. hi, I, mAM lakhAyuM che44 ke:-It was in his reign that the struggle between the kings of Parthia & their Scythian subjects in Eastern Eran was brought to a close & the suzerainty of Parthia over the ruling powers of Sei rAjakIya sadhANa (44) jIe ke. hi. iM, pR. 568. (45 ) jIo ke. hi. i. pR. 567. (46) mithreDeTasa pahelAnA samaya sudhI (174- 136=38) hiM'danA vAyavya khUNA upara irAnanI sattAnuM nAmanizAna paNa nahetu, eTale migreDeTasa pahelA nahIM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 301 stan & Jandahar confirmed=pArthi AnA rAjA ane pUrva irAnamAMnI tenIzaka prajA vaccenA jhagaDAnA aMta tenA ja (mithreDeTasa khIjAnA ) rAjye AvyA hatA tathA sistAna tathA kaMdahAranA vahIvaTakartA upara pArthiAnu sArvabhaumatva paNa vadhAre nizcita karavAmAM Avyu hatuM. A pramANe eka vakhata abhiprAya ApyA che. jyAre khIje ThekANe pAchu ema lakhyuM chepa ke:Persian and Parthian title "Great King of Kings" was the result of an actual conquest of N. W. India by Mithradates I. But the invasion of India must be ascribed not to the reign of Mithradates I, but to a period after the reign of Mithradates II, when the power of Parthia had declined and kingdoms once subordinate had :become independent. There were normally three contemporary rulers of royal rank-a king of kings associated with some junior member of his family in Eran, and a king of kings in India and the subordinate ruler in Eran, usually became in due course, king of kings in India (P. 569) mitheDeTasa pahelAe 6 hiMdanA vAyavya khUNuA upara kharekhara jIta meLavI tyArathI ja mahArAjApaNa khIne lakhavu" joie. je abhiprAya temaNe ( uparanuM IMgrejI avataraNavALuM vAkaya jIe) kahyo che te sAce samajavA. A pramANe pAchaLathI paNa teja abhiprAya temaNe darzAvyA che (jIe TI. na. 48) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= = 302 pahUdavAjhanuM | [ saptama dhirAja nAmanA irAnI ane pArthIana Ila- kAbanuM astitva thayuM. paNa hiMda uparanI caDhAI migreDeTasa pahelAnA rAye nahiM,48 paNa mithreDeTasa bIjAnA rAjya pachInA samaye thaI hatI ema kahevAze; ke je samaye pArthIonI sattA nabaLI paDI gaI hatI ane je rAjyo eka vakhata khaMDiyAM hatAM te svataMtra banI beThAM hatAM. svAbhAvika rIte ja bAdazAhI darajajAnA traNa rAjakartAo ekIvakhate sattA upara ArUDha thayA hatA. eka irAnanA zAhI kuTuMba sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvato paNa nAne zahenazAha,51 (bIjo) hiMdustAnamAM (rAja karato) zahenazAhapura ane (trIjo) IrAna- mAne khaMDi rAjA, je vakhata jatAM hiMdane zahenazAha banatA hatA te (pR. 569): uparanA banne IgrejI kathanane sAra kADhIzuM te eka ja hakIkata jaNAze ke, mithreDeTasa bIjo jene miSe DeTasa dhI greITa athavA navamo Arasekasa kahevAya che te mahAparAkramI rAjA thayo hato. tenA rAjyaamala daramyAna pAthIana sAmrAjaya avala naMbaranuM banyuM hatuM. ane tenA maraNa bAda nabaLA rAjAo thavAthI, pArthaanenI utaratI kaLA thavA mAMDI hatI; jethI keTalAka khaMDiyA rAjA hatA te svataMtra thaI gayA hatA. A pAchalA vargamAMnI eka zAkhAe-phAMTAohiMdamAM AvI rAja amala calAvavA mAMDyo hato. jemAM mejhIjha, ajhIjha pahelA vigere vi. thayA che. teo mULe pArthIansa prajAmAMnA hatA, paNa hiMdamAM AvI vasyA ane rAjya karyuM tethI inDopArTIansa tarIke oLakhAyA che, jyAre eka bIjo phAMTa je zaka prajAne (sIthIansa) hato te paNa hiMdamAM AvI rAja karate thayo hovAthI temane InDo-sIthIansa kahevAmAM AvatA. A paricchedamAM ApaNe inDe pArthIansano vRttAMta lakhavAnuM che jyAre InDo sithiansanuM vRttAMta have pachInA paricchede lakhIzuM. paNa uparanA nivedanathI eTaluM spaSTa samajAze ke, InDe pAthIansa (47) hiMda uparanI chata I. sa. 1988 pachI DAMka varasanA arasAmAM noMdhAI gaNavI rahe che. te bAda "mahArAjadhirAja'ne IlakAba dhAraNa karAyo lAge che te pahelAM tenuM nAmanizAna paNa nahotuM ema thayuM. (48) A abhiprAya sAthe che. sarakhAvo uparanI cI. na41 tathA na. 47 nuM lakhANuM. (49) pachInA samaye eTale I. sa. pU. 88 pachI. juo pR. 145 uparanuM vaMzAvaLI patraka. (50) pAthI AnI sattA je nabaLI paDI che te mitheTasa dhI greITa-bInanA maraNa bAda ja. juo uparanI TI. naM. 49. vaLI AgaLa upara zahenazAha mojhIjhanuM vattAMta juo. (51) IrAnanI mULa gAdI upara rAja karato mukhya henazAha ema kahevAne bhAvArtha che; paNa ahIM tene JuniorTanAne kahyo che. te evI gaNIthI ke A gAdhIdharane pitAne nabIre hiMda upara mokalo paDyo hato; paNa zA kAraNane lIdhe tema karavuM paDayuM che te hakIkata juo ajhIjha khIjanuM vattAMta) barAbara jaNAze tyAre te abhiprAya pheravo paDaze. (52) jene ApaNe InDe pAthI ansa tarIke oLakhIe chIe te mojhIjha, ajhIjha pahelo, ajhIjha bIje vigere. (53) kharI rIte te TIka naM. 5ra ane A 53 vALe zahenazAha eka ja che. paNa ahIM IzAna khaMDiyA rAja eTalA mATe kahyo che ke te IrAnamAMthI Avato hato tathA tene irAnanA mULa gAdIpati taraphathI mokalavAmAM Avato hato. ane naM. 5-53 nA TIpaNamAMnI vyakita che eka ja hoya te pachI, zahenazAha IlakAbadhArI be ja vyakita thaze; traNa nahIM. bIjI gaNatrIthI haju traNanI saMkhyA thaI zake tema che. te mATe juo zahenazAha merIjhanuM varNana. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariracheda ] rAjakIya saMdhANa 303 ane inDe sIthIansanA rAje je chUTAM paDayAM che, te mULe pArthIana sAmrAjyamAMthI ja, eTale ke tenA aMgabhUta hatAM kharAM ja; paNa banne prajA tadana bhinna bhinna che,pa4 tema temanAM vatanane pradeza paNa judo judo ja che (juo SaSThama khaMDe prathama paricchedanI hakIkata) eTale temanI oLakha mATe je muzkelI veThavI paDavAne bhaya batAvAya che te bahu AdhArabhUta nIvaDavA vakI nathI. (pR. ra99 uparanuM ke hi. InuM tathA pR. 300 (54) ke. ze. i. pR. 26-Saka is the In- dian form for Scythian and Pahalva for uparanuM che. A se. nuM aMgrejI avataraNa juo tathA te baMnenI hakIkata sarakhAvo ). A pramANe IrAnanI mULa gAdImAMthI kevI rIte inDe pArthIansa chUTTA paDayA teno itihAsa jANe. have ahIMthI bhAratIya itihAsa sAthe temane saMbaMdha zarU thayo gaNAze. temAMnAM darekanuM eka pachI ekanuM jIvanavRttAMta jeTale darajaje jANI zakAyuM che teTalAnuM varNana karIzuM. Parthian sithIana hiMdI zabda zake che ane Mensaudai 4849 W. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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3 aSTama pariccheda Sz !'' pArthIansa ( cAlu ) sAraH-- (1) mAjhIjha-irAnanA mULa zAhI kuTu'kha sAthe tenA khatAvI Apela lehIsabadha-vidvAnAe tene, temaja tenI pAchaLa Avela eka ene savattarapravata ka tarIke mAnela che te hakIkatanA satyAsatyanI lIdhela tapAsa-hiMdamAM tenA pravezamArga vize Apela samajaNa tathA te uparathI pArthIna ane zaka vaccenA batAvI Apela bheda-tenA hAddA vize dUra karela keTalIka gerasamajUti tathA tenA rAjayavistAranu kareluM vana-- ( 2 ) ajhIjha pahelA-tenA samayanI upADelI carcA-tenAM kArakirdI, sikkA tathA savatsara sabadhI ApelA khyAla-ahInA tenA pUvoe irAnanI mULagAdI pratye matAvI Apela zubha bhAvanAnuM pratIka ( 3 ) ajhIlIjha-tenA rAjyAdhikAranu ApeluM kAMIka varNana (4) ajhIjha bIjo-tenA rAjaamala kevA hatA ane kevA manAyeA che te benI vaccenI asa'gata hakIkatA-- (5) gAMDAphAranesa-tenA prabhAvika vahIvaTa tathA tenA samaye be zAkhAnuM thayela joDANu-tenA vahIvaTa bahAranI karelI e traNa vAtA-kudarate karelI navAjezathI hiM'danI ane iTAlInI thaI paDelI sthiti-- A sarvenA rAjya vistAra tathA temanA dharma samadhI Apela samIkSA

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pariccheda ]. mojhIjha 305 (1) mojhIjha (Mauses); ejha (Maues ): mega A traNe eka ja vyaktinAM nAma che te ApaNe pR. 302 upara jaNAvI cUkyA itihAsaprAsaddha bInA thaI gayelI hevAthI chIe ke mithreDeTasa bIja- dhI greITa athavA tenI siddhi-siddhimAM uta- Arasesa navo-nA rAjya pArTIana sAmrAjya tenAM ravAnI jarUriyAta rahetI ati vistAravaMta thavA pAmyuM hatuM. te vakhate nAma nathI, eTale ApaNe paNa vinA zaka prajA upara pArthIana sAmrAjyanuM kAyamanuM tathA carcAe tene svIkAra karIne uparIpaNuM ThasAvI devAyuM hatuM. paNa mithreDeTasanA samaya bIjA muddAnI carcAmAM utarIe. maraNa bAda pAchA nabaLA rAjAo AvatAM ja, pahuvAjha ane pallavAjha eka kAMI gaDabaDa thavA pAmI hoya te banavAjoga ja prajA mATe vaparAyelA judA judA zabdo nathIH che; kemake je prajAe svataMtratAnI majAtemaja InDa pArthIansa ane InDo sithiyansa paNa mIThAM phaLa cAkhyAM hoya tenAthI, koInI tAbeeka nathIH paNa mULa gAdIpati irAnanA padU- dArI ke sattAnI dhUna, lAMbe vakhata jIravI havAjha athavA pAthIAmAMthI svataMtratA meLavIne zakAya nahIM. tethI temaNe caLavaLa karavA mAMDI judA paDela temanA khaMDiyA-rAjA athavA heya; eTale saMbhava che ke A zaka prajA upara jamInadAra che. A be muddA bahu ja vistAra amala karavAne mejhIjha nAmanA saradAranI nima. pUrvakanA vivecanathI ApaNe spaSTa karI batA- kuMka thaI haiya, pachI te nimaNuka cAhe te miSevyA che. jo ke haju IDe pArTIansa ane DeTasanA amale ja, rAjyane vistAra vadhI iDesithiyansavALo muddo kAMIka vizeSa spa- javAthI tene lagatA prAMta judo pADIne rAjya STIkaraNa mAMge che; paNa jyAM sudhI sithiya vahIvaTa calAlavA mATe karavAmAM AvI heya prajAne itihAsa AlekhavA sudhI ApaNe nathI ke cAhe te mithreDeTasanA maraNa bAda A zaka pahoMcyA tyAMsudhI i sithiyansamAMthI temanI prajAnA prAMtanI rAjadvArI sthiti Dhacupacu thatAM, (inDa pArTIansa) oLakha kema chUTI pADavI te te upara kAbU besAravA mATe karavAmAM AvI keTaleka darajaje samajAvI na paNa zakAya, eTale tyAM heya. bemAMthI game te prasaMga anukULa thayo heya, sudhI ApaNuM jijJAsAne kAbUmAM rAkhavI paDaze. paNa mojhIjhane kAMIka sattA ApI thoDA aMze chatAM InDo pAthaansanA A paricchede je kAMI paNa pAthIAnA zahenazAhanA eka mukhya ApaNe karI zakIzuM te eTaluM ja ke, jyAM amaladAra jevo-kSatrapa darajajAne banAva jyAM tevI hakIkata Avaze tyAM tyAM aMguli. vAmAM Avyo hato khare ja vizeSa saMbhava prathanirdeza karavA cUkIzuM nahIM. A sthitie mane saMga havA tarapha jAya che; kemake, paheAMcavAthI ApaNane have umeda rahe che ke, prAMta judo pADIne chUTo vahIvaTa karavo hoya i-De pArTIana zahenazAhanAM vRttAMta lakhavAmAM te ja svataMtra amaladAra nImavo paDe; nahIM ke moTA bhAge saraLatA thaI paDaze. DAmADoLa sthiti thaI paDI hoya tyAre kAba besA(1) jyAM te prasaMga Ubhe tharo tyAM A TIkAnI sAkSI ApavAmAM Avaze,

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306 mejhIjha [aSTama ravA mATe. kharI vAta e che ke, rAjadvArI paristhiti bagaDatI aTakAvavA mATe paNa koI kaI vakhata svataMtra amaladAra nImavAnI jarUriyAta gaNAya che ja. paNa tevA prasaMge moTA bhAge zAhI kuTuM banA nabIrAnI ke ekadama aMgata khetInI ja goThavaNa karavAmAM rAjakIya DahApaNa samAyeluM pIchAnAya che. A mejhIjhane te saMbaMdha kAI prakAre zAhI kuTuMba sAthe hatuM ke kema te jaNAyuM nathI. eTale tevI mAhitInA abhAve ApaNe vizeSa zera mAnavuM rahe che ke tene zAhI kuTuMba sAthe saMbaMdha nahato, chatAM dhAre che te kaDaka svabhAvane haze ane tethI majabUta hAthe kAma laI paristhitine ekadama pahoMcI vaLavAne samartha haze ema vicArI tene goThavavAmAM Avyo haze te tenI virUddhamAM paNa be kAraNe jatAM dekhAya che. e ke (eka) je tevo zaktizALI purUSa te heya te, paristhiti aMkuzamAM levAno prayana karavA karatAM te te bhUmine pitA mATe ja meLavI laI svataMtra gAdIpati banI javAne ja lobha te seve ane bIjuM) e ke, paristhiti sAcavI levA mATe hamezAM hAthanA kAMDAnA zera ke parAkrama karatAM vizeSamAM te buddhikauzalyanI- kAbeliyatanI-rAjapaTutAnI jarUra rahelI gaNAya. ane te mATe uparano prazna paNa vicAra ja rahe che. te A samaye keTalI umare paheo haze te nakkI karavAnuM sAdhana ApaNe dharAvatA nathI; paNa mAnavAne kAraNa rahe che ke, tene ekaMdara amala aDadhI sadI sudhI laMbAya che eTale sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyA hoya tyAre bahu moTI ummarane nahIM ja heya-(A muddo te rAja (2) vizeSa aze eTalA mATe lakhavuM paDayuM che. ke bIjI keTalIka paristhiti vicAratAM rAjakuTuMba sAthe tene saMbaMdha hoya ema paNa mAnavuM rahe che. juo kuTuMba sAthe lohIgraMthIthI joDAyela hoya ema anumAna karavA tarapha laI jAya che, chatAM manuSyanA AyuSyanI hadanuM koI pramANa nizcita thayela gaNAtuM nathI eTale tenI nimaNuka karatI vakhate te AdheDa vayano-cALIsa varSa vaTI gayAno paNa heya. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke, bane bAju dhAravAmAM, thoDAM thoDAM kAraNo tarapheNanAM tema ja virUddhanAM najare to paDe che ja. eTale nizcitapaNe kAMI kahI zakAtuM nathI. paNa dareka muzkelIne aMta Ave, ane sAthe sAthe ApaNe darelI kalpanA paNa sahIsalAmata pAra utarI jAya te mATe ema dhArI laIe ke, te pArTI AnA rAjakuTuMba sAthe sagapaNa saMbaMdha dharAvate hatuM, ane tethI bharayuvAnImAM athavA te pacIsathI trIsa varSanI umara hovA chatAM tenI nimaNuka migreDeTasa dhI greITanA rAjaamale karavAmAM AvI hatI. eTale ke, te samaye te mAtra vahIvaTa karavAnA hetusara ja te prAMta upara tene goThavyo hato, paNa tyAM kSatrapa tarIke thoDAM varSa te rahyo haze tevAmAM, mithreDeTasanuM maraNa thatAM ane nabaLA bhUpatio zahenazAha banatAM, bheDA varSa pUrve ja chatAyelI te zaka prajAe jyAre svataMtra thavAne baLa jagADe hatuM tyAre teNe ja pitAnA rAjakuTuMbane vaphAdAra rahIne ane te prAMtanA kSatrapa tarIkenA rAjavahIvaTadArane pitAne neka jALavavAne, sakhta hAthe kAma lIdhuM hatuM tathA badhe zAMti sthApI dIdhI hatI. ApaNI A mAnyatAne, teNe uttara jIvanamAM batAvelAM vartanathI samarthana paNa maLe che. saghaLA saMyoga je upara pramANe sAbita thatA lekhAya che tenI nIcenI TI. naM. 3. (3) sarakhA uparanI TIka naM. 2 tathA tathA tenA uttara chavananuM vRttAMta. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariracheda ] kaI prajAne ? 307 rAjasattAne AraMbhakALa mithreDeTasanA rAja- amalamAM ja thaye gaNAya. mithreDeTasane samaya I. sa. pU. 123 thI 88 lekhAya che. eTale je keTalAkanI gaNatrI mejhIjhane samaya i. sa. pU. 120 AsapAsa zarU thayo hovAnI thAya che temAM vizeSa saMbhavitapaNuM dekhAya che. ApaNe i. sa. 5 115 TharAvIe te ThIka ThIka gaNAze. A samaye te te mAtra kSatrapa ja thayo che. ane tene sattA pradeza paNa hiMdanI bahArano ja che. eTale ApaNA sthApita siddhAMtathI uparavaTa thaIne A viSaya nakkI karavA ke te upara lAMbI laTApaTamAM utaravA ApaNe jarUra ja nahatI; paraMtu tene rAjaamala hiMdamAM je mAtra TUMka vakhata ja TakavA pAmyo che tathA tenI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAra bIjA inTapAthIana zahenazAhe je thaI gayA che temanAM vRttAMta upara kAMIka asara pahoMcADanAra A bInA hevAthI, ane te chaNu lIdhI che. ke tene sattAkALa pAthIana zahenazAhanA satra tarIkene I. sa. pU. 115 thI AraMbha thatA gaNAvyA che, paNa hiMdanA bhUpati tarIke te lagabhaga I. sa. pU. 88 (4) satrapa te irAnI bhASAne zabda che. juo DeriasanA rAye AvI 20 sutrapI pADavAmAM AvI hatI te vRttAMta (pu. 1, pR. 72 TI. naM. 5). (5) ke. hi. I. pR. 570 -The precise date of Mauges cannot at present be determined-mojhIjhane cokkasa samaya to vartamAna saMgamAM nakkI karI zakAto nathI. (A kathana tenI sattAnA prAraMbhane aMge che ke, hiMdamAM tene amala zarU thayAne aMge che te bemAMthI game te prasaMga hoya paNa baneno samaya nirNita karAyA nathI ja ). (6) A samaya paNa nizcitapaNe te sAbita thaye nathI ja mAtra keTalAMka kAraNasara ( juo AgaLa bAda keTalAMya varSe tamArI samaja pramANe I. sa. pU. 80 ke 78 mAM Ave che) tenI zarUAta thAya che ane pachI be eka varSamAM ja tene aMta AvI jAya che. eTale hiMdanA pArthIane zahenazAha tarIke tenI kArakIrdI mAtra be ke traNa varSa ja kahI zakAze; jyAre ekaMdara tene zAsanakALa 115 thI 77 sudhIno 35 thI 40 varSane gaNI zakAya tema che. ane trIseka varSanI umare te rAjakAraNamAM joDAya heya te lagabhaga 70 thI 75 nI umara sudhI poMco kahevAya. tenA rAjyano aMta tenA maraNathI ja Ave che ema mAnavuM paDaze. uparamAM pR. 302 mAM ke. hi. I. nA mata pramANe evI neMdha levAI che tene zaka ke miDeTasa bIjAnA samayanI kahevAya ke AsapAsa IrAnamAM eka meTI rAjakAMti thaI hatI ane tyArathI tenA zahenazAhI vaMzanA traNa vibhAga paDI gayA hatA. eka vibhAge asala gAdI upara rahI rAjaya calAvavuM jArU rAkhyuM, bIjA vibhAge hiMdamAM jaI svataMtra rAjya sthApyuM ane trIjA vibhAge irAnanA agnikhUNe AvelA sistAna prAMta upara upara ajhIjhanA vRttAMte) tenI pAchaLa AvanAra ajhIjhanA rAjyane AraMbha vidvAnoe 8 mAM karAvI dIdho che eTale mojhIjhane rAjyane aMta 78 mAnavo paDe che; tethI meM paNa aMdAja tarIke tene svIkArI laI ahIM te mAnyatAne utArI che. ke hi. i. nA lekhake (jIe pR. 570-7 mAM) vaLI tadana jIde ja samaya batAvyo che, te nIce pramANe che. varSa mejhIjha-I. sa. 6. 75 thI 58=7 ajhIjha- , 58 thI 4=1 (juo buddhiprakArI pU. 71, 5. 99)

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308 hakumata sthApI dIdhI hatI. A trIjo, vakhata jatAM khIjA vibhAganI peThe pAte, paNa hiMdamAM svataMtra thai jatA. temAM pahelA vibhAga vize kazI zakA paNa rahetI nathI tema spaSTa samajI zakAya tevI sthitivALA che; jyAre trIjo vibhAga zaMkAspada lAge che. je temanA kahevAnI matalaba ema thatI hAya ke, khIjo vibhAga jene ApaNe InDapArthIana tarIke oLakhAvyA che, tenI ja peThe InDasici yanavALA, zaka prajAvALA trIjo bhAga, paNa hiMdamAM utarIne svataMtra rIte bAdazAhI pada dhAraNa karyAM jatA hatA, tA te samIcIna nathI; kemake ApaNe je have pachInA pariccheda temanA vRttAMta mATe chUTA pADayo che temAMnI hakIkatathI sAbita karIzu` ke, teonA utAra pArthIane prajAmAMthI thayA ja nathI: eTale ke te banne prajA bhinna ja che:8 khAkI jema hiMda sAthe pahalvAjhanA rAja prIya saMdhAna vALA pArAnA aMtabhAge pR. 303 upara jaNAvAyuM che tema, tenA udbhava pArthIana samrAjyamAMthI thayA che eTaluM satya che. eTale pArthI ana prajA tarIkenA hisAba gaNatAM khe vibhAga paDayA kahevAze. jyAre pAthI ana sAmrAjyanA hisAme traNa bhAga thayA kahevAze; paNa temaNe teA khIjI rIte te vibhAga pADayA dekhAya che. temanuM kathana bAdazAhI darajajAnA traNa rAjakartAo AzrayIne thAya che te te pramANe paDatu' nathI; kemake inDAsithiyana prajAnA rAjakartAoe inDApArthIananI peThe kadI paNa bAdazAhI prakAbha dhAraNa karyAM ja nathI. te mAtra mAlUma (7) e pR. 303 TI. naM. 54 nI TIkA (8) jue pR. 303 nA cheDAnI hakIkata. ( 9 ) A uparathI sAbita thaze ke inDA sithiyana ane pArthI anyane rAjakIya saMkhdha hatA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat mAjhIjha [ ma ja 'rAjA' ke tevA sAdA birUdathI ja sa khAdhAyA mArA kahevAno tAtpa e che ke, je hiMsAkhe gaNe te pramANe, pAthI ane prajAmAMthI ke sAtrAnamAMthI e vibhAga ja UbhA thayA hatA ema kahI zakAze; nahIM ke traNa.10 tyAre prazna e thAya che ke, temaNe traNa vibhAga pADayAnuM anumAna doryuM kayA kAraNe ? ane te kAraNa sAcuM che ke khATu? temaja te anumAne hiMdI qhatihAsane kAMi anyAya karyo che ke kema ? tapAsa karatAM temanuM maMtavya je mAlUma paDe che, te A pramANe che.11 The first three Saka sovreigns who succeeded to the dominions of Yarana (Greek) Kings on the N. W. Frontier Provinces and the Punjab were Mauses, Azez I and Azilises... The assumption of the Imperial King of Kings" by these Saka and Pahalva sovereigns is most significant and testifying in a manner, which cannot be mis. taken (to the diminished power of Parthia at this period)=yavana rAjAAnA, vAyavya khUNAnA sarahadI prAMtA tathA paMjAba upara je traNa zaka bAdazAheAnI sattA jAmI hatI te mejhIjha, ajhIjha pahelA ane ajhIlIjha hatA...A zaka ane pallI mahArAjAee, 'zahenazAha' nuM gaurava darzAvatA bAdazADI ilkAba je dhAraNa karyAM che te dhaNA ja arthAsUcaka che, ane te samaye pArthI AnI sattAnI Ta title -- nahIM. InDasithiyananA rAjakartAe svataMtra ja che: sarakhAne uparanI TIkA naM. 1. (10) sarakhAvA pR. 302 nI TIkA naM. para tathA 53 (11) jIe ke, hi. chaeN. pR. 569. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricacheda ] kaI prajAne ? 309 hatI tenuM vismaraNa na thAya tevI rIte sAkSI pUrI pADe che. A vAkayamAM ghaNI ghaNI vAte saMdigdhapaNe temaNe uccArI che jemake (1) kema jANe sarahadI prAMta ane paMjAba upara ja yavanenI sattA jAmI hatI ane tethI AgaLa nahIM ne pAchaLa nahIM,12 athavA te zaka bAdazAhae je mulake meLavyA hoya te te ATalA prAMte ja hatA ane tethI vizeSa nahetuM13 (2) ajhIlIjha pachI ajhIjha bIjo tathA gaDeraphAranesa paNa bAdazAha thaIne hiMdanI gAdI zobhAvI gayA che. temanAM nAma temaNe kema gaNavyA nahIM hoya ? paNa mAtra pahelAM traNanAM ja nAma14 lIdhAM che. (3) eka vakhata rAka bAdazAhapa tarIke temanAM nAma jaNAve che jyAre bIjA ja vAkya zika ane palvAjha16 tarIke temanI pIchAna karAve che. eTale kAMte te banne prajAne eka mAne che, athavA te benI vaccenA bhedanI temane potAne ja khabara nathI (4) zahenazAha, bAdazAha ke anya gaurava. vaMte IlkAba vigere kAne kene lagADavAmAM Avato tathA kaI sthiti prApta thayA bAda temAM pheraphAra thata te vize paNa bhedabhAva nahIM batAvatAM,17 moghama ja uccAra karyo che. A pramANe cAreka muddA je mukhyapaNe dhyAnamAM rAkhavA yogya che tene ahIM nirdeza karyo che. te vizenI temanI mAnyatA kayA kAraNasara heI zake ane satya che vA asatya che tenI samajUti paNa TIka naM. 1rathI 16 sudhImAM ApI che. eTale hiMdI itihAsanA jJAna paratve kyAM khAmI AvI jAya che te paNa amArA kahevAM karatAM vAcakavarga pote ja svayaM vicArI leze. eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa A bhedabhAvathI (zaka ane pAthIananI oLakhano) teo ajJAta hevAthI temane potAne ja itihAsanA Ale khanamAM keTalIka muMjhavaNa paDI che teno khyAla temanA zabadomAMthI paNa tAravI zakAya tema che. A (12) jyAre ApaNe te sAbita karI gayA chIe ke yavana ane yena prajanuM rAjya TheTha mathurAnA jhAMpA sudhI paNa pahoMcI gayuM hatuM (juo DImeTrIasa ane minenDaranuM vRttAMta) eTale ke temanuM kathana asatya che. (13) zaka prajane AzrayIne kahevA muddo hoya te te paNa khoTuM che. (ahIM zAka ane pallI prajA eka ja gaNIne temaNe kAma lIdhuM che. juo nIcenI TIkA tathA 16. ) te hakIkata ApaNe A paricchede AgaLa upara IzuM. (14) e temane Azaya ema hoya ke pahelA traNe ja A prAMte u5ra sattA bhogavI hatI ane bAkInA bee nathI bhogavI; te te paNa satyathI vegaLuM che. UlaTuM prathamanA traNa karatAM pAchaLanA bene rAjya vistAra mATe thayo hate. je olAda paratve temanuM kathana hoya to te paNa kheTuM che; kemake pAchaLanA be te jyAre zuddha rAjazAhI kuTuMbanA hatA. tyAre prathamanA traNa haju jarA Ave sagAinA hatA. kadAca gAdInA sthAna parave temanuM kathana je hoya te te paNa ThIka nathI; kemake pAchaLanA benA pATanagara tarIke mathurA nagarI ja hatI. (15) A praja zaka nathI ema uparamAM jaNAvyuM paNa che ane hajI jaNAvIzuM paNa kharA. (juo uparanI TIka naM. 10) () zaka ane pahalvAjha judA che ema pAMca paradezI prajanI hakIkata jaNAvatAM sAbita karyuM che. (jue 5. 143-44) vaLI ahIM temanA vRttAMtathI paNa khAtrI thaze ke badhI vastusthiti ja bhinna che. juo uparanI TIkA naM. 10. (17) A vizenI samajUti ApaNe uparamAM pU. 164 thI 170 sudhI khAsa pArigrApha chuM pADIne ApI che te juo. vaLI prasaMga paDatAM avAranavAra tene spaSTa karatAM paNa javAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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310 viSaya joke itihAsanI ane saMzAdhananI dRSTie ati mahattvanA che, paNa sAmAnya jijJAsune bahu rasaprada nathI eTale je jaNAvavA jevu che tenA chUTA pAriAk ja pADIzu` ke jethI vAcakane teTale bhAga choDI daine AgaLa vadhavu hAya tA vinA kSatie tema karI zakaze. hiMdanI uttaramAM jema parvatanI hAramALA tenu rakSaNa karI rahI che, tema pazcima bhAga paNa tevI ja parvatanI hAramALAthI rakSAyalA paDyo che. emAM phera eTalA ja che ke, uttare Avela himAlaya pata ati vistAravata ane ucca tathA nibiDa hovAthI sAmAnya rIte anuladhanIya che jyAre pazcima sarahade AvelA dakSiNa cheDethI gAtA hAla ane sulemAna pahADA tathA hiMdukuza paryaMta ema traNe prathamanA himAlaya karatAM pramANamAM nAnA, ochA paDathALamAM paDelA tathA kAMIka AMtarA iMDIne Avela hAvAthI te sarvane vIMdhIne paNa avarajavara karI zakAya che. AvAgamana karI zakAya tevA mArgo te pazcima sarahade aneka che, jevAM ke mulApAsa, kheAlanapAsa ( kaveTA javAnA mAge) saMgapAsa, gulanapAsa, kuramapAsa, khaibarapAsa, ( pezAvara pAse ) ityAdi tyAdi; paNa khaibara ane kheAlanapAsa e vadhAre upayAgI che. prathama dvArA akgAnistAnane ane dvitIya dvArA khalucistAnanA vyavahAra sAcavI levAya che. khurAnavALAne hiMdamAM jo Avavu" DhAya te agAnistAnanA raste thaine kharapAsa saraLa paDe che; paNa zistAna ke IrAnanA dariyA kinArAvALAne jo Avavu' hrAya tA khuzkI raste balucistAnamAM thai kheAlanapAsa sugama paDe che ane tarI raste kace raste hiMdamAM AvyA ? teo kaye rastethI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ama AvuM hAya tA charAnI akhAtaneA Azrama levA paDe che. A uparathI samajAze ke, inDApAthI anyane khaibarapAsanA rastA anukULa paDe che; kemake temaneA adhikAra agAnistAnanA uttara pradezamAM jAmyA hatA; jyAre inDAsithiyansane, temanuM vatana aphagAnistAnanA dakSiNa pradezamAM ane temanA adhikAranA mulaka irAnanI agnikhUNe tathA balucistAnamAM AvAthI temane kheAlanapAsa ke irAnI akhAta ja kAvaTa AvatA kahevAya. eTale jo inDeApAthI anyane hiMdamAM Avavu hAya teA prathama paMjAbamAM utaravuM paDe ane InDasithiyansane AvavuM hoya te| sidhamAM utaravuM paDe. A eka niyama thayA. have A emAMnI jo koi prajA hiMda upara caDI Ave ane tenA rastA ApaNane barAbara rIte jaNAI Ave tA upara dorela niyamAnusAra ApaNe khAtrIpUrvaka kahI zakIe ke te prajA amuka ja hAvI joie. ke. hiM. I. nA lekhaka, rAjA mejhIjhane zakaprajAne ( eTale sithiyana athavA inDAsithiyana ) mAnatA heAvAthI temanA hiMdamAMnA utAra, siMdha taraph prathama thane pachI pAkha taraph ( siMdhu nadIdvArA jaLamArge ) AgaLa vadhyA haze ema te ka2e che. ane eTaluM to dekhItu' ja che ke mAjhIjha tathA tenA anujo sattAdhikAra, akgAnIstAnanA kAbula nadIvALA pradeza, pa'jAba ane pachIthI sUrasena mathurAvALA bhAga eTale ke uttara hi'nA hatA. jethI sIMdha dezamAM prathama utarelA temane mAnIe tA uparanA mulakA upara temanA adhikAra kema jAmI zakA tenI dhaDa utAravI paDe ja. AnA rastA karavAM jatAM temane aneka muMjhavaNu AvI paDI che tathA peAtAnI kalpanAne satya TharAvavA keTalIye bhAMjagaDa www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] hiMdamAM AvyA ? 311 ane gaDamathala karavI paDI che te temanA maMtavyanAM je cAra pAMca avataraNo AnIceTAMkI batAvyAM che te uparathI svataH samajI zakAze. temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke-18 The Sakas reached India indirectly and that like the Pabalvas they came through Ariana (S. Afghanistan and Baluchistan) by the Bolan pass into the countries of the lower Indus-zaka prajA ADe raste thaIne hiMda AvI hatI ane pahurghAjhanI peThe erIyAnA19 (dakSiNa agAnIstAna ane balucIstAna) vIMdhIne bolanapAsa raste siMdhu nadInA dakSiNa prAMtamAMthI pasAra thaI hatI. Pabalvas are inseparably con nected with the Sakas and...... that the Indo-Scythia was the base, through which the Saka and the Pahalvas armies moved up the valleys of the Indus and its tribu. taries to attack the yavan kingdoms padavAjha ane zaka nirbheLapaNe haLImaLI gayA che....inDasIthIyA jara0 saMsthAna hatuM jemAM thaIne zaka ane padRvAjha lakara, sIMdhu nadInI khINa ane tenI zAkhA nadIomAM AgaLa vadhyuM hatuM ane yavana rAje upara caDAI karI hatI.21 The province of Indo-Scythia (Sind) appears to be very inadequately represented by coins (of Mauses). It may perhaps have been held by the viceroy together with Arachosia= InDosIthIyA (siMdha)nA prAMtamAM (mojhIjha) nA sikkAo (barAbara sArI-rIte ghaNA) bIskula maLatA nathI. kadAca ekezIyA (kaMdahAra jenI rAjadhAnI che)nA vAIsaroyanI sattAmAM te prAMta haze. matalaba ke, siMdhanA prAMtamAMthI mojhIjhane koI sikake maLI AvatuM nathI eTale temaNe anumAna besAryo che ke, te prAMta ekezIyAnA sUbAnA hAtha taLe haze, jethI sUbA mojhIjhanA sikkA, bahu tyAre tenI rAjadhAnI kaMdahAra sudhI je haju maLI zake te samajI zakAya tema che; paNa siMdha jeTalA dUranA prAMtamAM tenI vaparAza thaI na heya; kAraNa ke te rAjadhAnIthI bahu che. 241671 18914.22 For a time the rem. nants of the two yavana houses in upara AvavuM hoya te paibaraghATamAM thaIne utaravuM ThIka paDe ke herAtamAMthI prathama dakSiNa tarapha jAya tyAMthI bAlana raste sIMdhamAM jaya ane tyAMthI pAchA nadI raste uttaramAM Ave ane pachI caDAI kare! habazInA DAbA kAna jevI vAta thaI ke nahIM? A badhI muzkelIo je temane veThavI paDe che te temanI khoTI kalpanAne sAcI TharAvavA mATenA prayatnarUpa samajavI. (2) kayAMthI maLe? mejhIjhane te prAMta sAthe saMbaMdhaja kayAM hatuM ke tenA sikkA tyAMthI maLI Avela kevuM sarasa anumAna? tenA karatAM ema kAM na kahevuM barAbara manAya ke sIMdha prAMtane ane megIjhanA kArabhArane kAMI lAgatuM vaLagatuM ja nahotuM, (18) juo ke, hi. I. 5. 564. (19) erIyAnA prAMtanI rAjadhAnI herata zahera hatuM. (juo pu. 2, pR. 275). tathA temane khabara pAsano rasto ja anukULa paDe chatAM dhaDa utaravA, judIja kalpanA temane besAravI paDI che. tema karatAM zuM muzkelI AvI paDI che te have pachInA vALe juo. (20) InDosIthIyA te pradeza samajavo ke jyAM sika nadI samudrane maLe che. vaLI trikoNa AkAre je Akha banyA che tathA jene zakadvIpa tarIke oLakhAvA che (juo uparamAM zakadvIpanuM varNana) te samajavo (21) yavanenuM rAjya takSilA ane paMjaba nA bhAgamAM hatuM. have vicAro ke herAtavALAne paMjAba Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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12 the upper Kabul valley and in the Eastern Punjab seem to have been separated by the Saka dominions which lay between them in the valley of the Indus=23 thADAka vakhata mATe, kAbula nadInI khINanA uparanA bhAganA temaja purva paMjAbamAMnA-ema banne yavana vaMzanA avazeSA zakaprajAnI bhUmithI chUTA paDI gayA dekhAya che. je pradezeA temanI ane sinadInA khINuvALA pradezanI vacce kAcaDarUpe AvyA hatA. eTale ema kahevA mAMge che ke, thADAka vakhata mATe yavana prajAnA je be kAMTA paDI gayA hatA temaja temanI rahIsahI nAmanI ja sattA hatI. temAMnA eka bhAga kAbula nadInA pradezamAM sattA bhAgavatA hatA; ane khIjo pUrva pa'jAba upara bhAgavatA hatA jyAre te khenI vacce kAcaDarUpe zaka prajAnu' ( mejhIjhanuM rAjya kahevAnI matalakha che) rAjya pahelu' hatu. A kathana thADIka teo kace rastethI ( 23) jIe ke, hI. IM. pR. 570 ( 24 ) upara pR. 145 mAM dhavana prAnI va'zAvaLI juo. temaNe je kalpanA besArI che te evI gaNatrIthI ke yuthIDImAsa, DimeTrIasa ane minenDaravALA eka phAMTA ane yukreTAIDajhavALA khIne phAMTA, paNa bhulavu joItuM nathI ke yuthIDImeAsa bekaTrIAnI gAdIe hatA ane tenI pachI bekaDromanI gAdI upar yukreTAIDajha Avyo che; jyAre DimeTrIasa ane minenDara tA hiMdamAM gAdI sthApIne rahyA hatA: eTale bannenA vacce adhikAra paratvene kAMI saMbaMdhaja nathI: vaLI temane samaya I. sa. pU. 200 AsapAsane che: jyAre mAjhIjhanA I. sa. pU. 80 no che: vaccenu aMtara eka sadI uparAMtanu' che. kadAca rahI sahI sattAnI vAta kahevA mAMgatA heAya tAye, ane cavana prAnI be zAkhA gaNatA hAya tAye, ekaTrIAnI zAkhAno aMta I. sa. pU. 123 AsapAsa gayA che ( jue tenA adhikAre) ane hiMdIzAkhAne Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ aSTama TIkA mAMge che, prathama te! ema jaNAvavAnuM ke, yavana prajAnA be kAMTA24 je temaNe kahyA che, tevA kAMTA ja paDyA nathI. mAtra temane kalpanA gAThavavI paDI che, ane te kalpanA sAcI TharAvavA kevI kevI yukti besAravA prayatna karavA paDyo che te TIkA naM. 24 nI hakIkata vAMcavAthI samaja paDI jaze. matalaba ke, eka asatya puravAra karavAne keTalAMye asatyanI paraMparA UbhI karavI paDe che. vaLI lakhe che ke, After the reign of Mauses, the house of Euthydemos was extinguished and yavana rule in the Punjab brought to an end=mAjhIjhanA rAjya pachI yuthIDImAsanA vaMza nAbUda thayA che; ane pariNAme paMjAbamAMnA vana rAjyanI sattA baMdha thaI che. uparanI kalpanA ane tene satya TharAvavA besAravI paDatI TIkAna. ra9 mAMnI dhaDa jeTalI hAsyAspada che teTalI ja A bIjI kalpanA paNa che; kemake aMta I. sa. 1. 159 mAM che; jyAre mAjhIjhanu rAjya I. sa, pU. 80 mAM che; eTale benI vacce 50 thI 75 varSInuM aMtara che: trIjI vAta: kAI cavana prajAnu` rAjya phlu chavAyuM hatu' ja nahI: vaLI ekanI hadda bInane aDIne rahI hatI: tema mojhIjhanu rAjya jo benI vacce phAcarUpe hatu' ema kaheA, tA jyAre mAjhIjhanI gAdI mathurAmAM hatI, tyAre eka bAju tenuM rAjya pAbanI pazcime, pachI pUrva pAkhamAM cavananuM ane tenI dakSiNe mathurAmAM pAchu meAjhIjhanu: eTale eka paTI ekanI, bIjI paTI bInanI, trIjI paTI pAchI pahelAnI, ane ceAthI paTI pAchI khIjAnI ema rAjyanIvyavasthA hatI je taddana hAsyAspada lAge che: mejhaanu rAjya paNa akhaMDa ja hatu. tema vaLI koInI phAMcaDa vacce naheAtI tema cavananuM rAjya paNa akhaMDa ja hatu. AvAM aneka kAraNeAne lIdhe temanI kalpanA ja khATI phare che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] hiMdamAM AvyA ? 313 yuthIDIesane vaMzanAbUda thaI gayA pachI ja tenA uparAMta tene te prAMtamAMthI temanA mukhya mulaka upara, IrAnanA-pAthaAnA zahenazAha zahenazAhanA sikakA paNa maLI AvyA? miDeTasanA pratinidhi tarIke te mejhIjha pate ja kare che. bAkI je teo AvA kSatrapa hevAne adhikAra bhogavavA nImAyo che. eTale ke, prathama badale tenA svataMtra rAjakartA ja heta te, yavana yuthIDImesanA vaMzane aMta che, pachI miDeTasanI zahenazAhanI vaMzAvaLI je saLaMga maLI Ave sattAnI jamAvaTa che ane chevaTe mojhIjhane kArabhAra che tene badale te tUTaka tUTaka thaI jAta. paNa che, tyAre ahIM te evI vAta karavAmAM AvI tema te te banyuM ja nathI. eTale temanI che ke, jANe mojhIjhane kArabhAra prathama, pachI tene kalpanA paDI bhAMge che. have vAcakanI khAtrI aMta ane chevaTe yuthIDImasanA kuLane aMta.* thaze ke, inDapArthIansane zaka ke inDasIatre eka vAta yAda ApavAnI jarUra rahe che ke, thIana mAnI levAthI keTalI meTI guMcavaNa yavana prajAnA aneka saradAronAM nAmavALA ubhI thavA pAmI che tathA hIMdI itihAsane sikkAo AkhA paMjAba ane kAbula nadInA paNa satya svarUpe samajavAmAM keTalA pratibaMdha pradezamAMthI maLI AvyA kare che, jethI A naMkhAyA che. dhAruM chuM ke A viSaya bahu jhINasaradAre kahyuM haze, kayAre thayA haze, keTale vaTathI chaNai cukyo che. have te baMdha karIe. temane rAjya vistAra haze ? A badhI vastuone irAnI zahenazAhane vistAra vadhI javAthI ukela karavA mATe vidvAne ema TharAvatA lAge vahIvaTI sugamatA jALavavA sArU, sAmrAjyanA che ke, bekaTrIAne rAjyavaMzanA be bhAga je aneka prAMta pADI, dareka upara paDyA hatA-yuthI DImosa ane yukeTAIjhanA-temanA tene hoddo satrapa nImavAmAM Avato hato vaMzanA te nabIrA hevA joIe. jyAre kharI vAta tathA te saMbaMdhI isAre pu.1 pR. e che ke uparamAM batAvI gayA pramANe, te sarva rAjya vistAra 72-73 nA TippaNamAM karI saradAranAM svataMtra rAjya kadI thavAM ja pAmyA gayA chIe; ke zahenazAha DerInathI. paNa teo mULa gAdIpatinA sUbA-kSatrapa yasanA rAjya AvI 20-24 satrapI hatI. tarIke vahIvaTa calAvatA hatA temaja temane pitA dareka prAMtane teo "satrapI' kahetA ane mULa pitAnA mulakamAM sikkA paDAvIne calAvavAne gAdIpatine pachI rAjA=King, ke bAdazAha adhikAra apAyo hato. eTale ja AvA kSatra- athavA zahenazAha=Emperor kahetA haze. A pinA sikkA eka prAMtamAMthI maLI AvavA prathA kayAre zarU thaI ane kayAre baMdha thaI te * jIo uparanI TIka naM. 24. (25) jAo minenDaranuM vRttAMta purU thayA pachI lakhela hakIkata. (26) Ama kSatrapone potAnA sikkA pADavAne adhikAra je apAyuM hatuM tenI sAthe mukhya zahenazA- hanuM nAma ke mare paNa chApavAno rivAja heta te ApaNane atyAre paDatI muMjhavaNane sahelAIthI nIkAla thaI gayA hota. (27) satrapa zabda irAnI-phArasI bhASAne che: jayAre kSatrapa zabda kharAThI bhASAne samajAya che: banene artha ekaja che. bhASA pherane lIdhe ja lipimAM phera dekhAya che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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314 mojhIjhane [ aSTama ApaNe jANatA nathI. paNa pArTIana zahenazAha mIgreDeTasa bIjAnA dhI greITanA-samaye moTI rAya kAMti thatAM, kemake te arasAmAM pAsenA bekaTrIA rAjya je yona prajAne rAjA helIekasa rAjya karato hato tenA vaMzane aMta AvI gayo hatuM eTale tyAM rAjagAdI meLavavA mATenI gaDabaDa macI rahI hatI-bekaTrIAnA rAjyane keTaleka bhAga khAsa karIne hiMda tarapha AvavAnA mArgamAM vacce Avato aphagAnIstAnano bhAga, teNe kabaje karI lIdho hata; ane te chatAyelA prAMta upara potAnA pratinidhI tarIke mejhIjha (Mauses) ne nImyA hatA. A mejhIjhane satrasUbA tarIke na oLakhAvatAM, rAjA tarIke jyAre oLakhAvAyo che (juo tenA sikkAo) tyAre anumAna thAya che ke tene adhikAra-darajajo. sUbA karatAM vizeSa hevo joIe. vaLI tene sikakA pADavAnI ane calAvavAnI paravAnagI paNa ApI che. te uparathI siddha thAya che ke tenI padavI paNa uMcI ja haze. A be mudA uparAMta, krAMtinA samayeja navA chatAyelA prAMta upara thayelI tenI nimaNuMkane prazna jyAre vicArIe chIe, tyAre sahaja anumAna karAya che ke te mULa gAdInA rAjakuTuMba sAthe khAsa aMgata athavA te vizeSa nikaTa saMbaMdha dharAvato hovo joIe. vaLI A anumAnane (28) je temanAM AgaLa lakhela caritranA Ale khana uparathI samajAze. (29) jue pR. 312 u5ra TAMkelu. ke. pI. I. nuM 5 567 nuM TAMkeluM avataraNa; khAsa karIne "After the reign of Mithradates.' q141 PIUE samajAya che ke A khaLabhaLATanA samaye ja zistAnamAMthI zaka prajanuM eka TeLuM hijarata karI hiMdamAM AvIne kSatrapa bhUpakanA rAjya AvI vasyuM hatuM. jemAM bhUmakane putra nahapANanA jamAI rUSabhadattanA pitA tathA anya koTuMbika paNa hevA jaie. (vizeSa adhikAra puSTI karanArAM keTalAMka tattva, khUda mojhIjhanA ja (je nIce lakhela banAva uparathI samajAze) jIvanamAMthI temaja tenA anuyAyIoe pALela rAjakIya siddhAMtothI8 maLI Ave che. kemake rAjA mIgreDeTasanuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 88mAM thatAM tenI pAchaLa je be traNa baLahIna athavA dama vagaranA nAnA rAjAo gAdIe AvyA che tathA jemanI tAbenI zistAna prAMtamAM vasanArI zaka prajAe, avyavasthita sthiti ubhI karI29 athavA kahe ke khaLabhaLATa macAvI-baLa upADyo che, te rAjAonA samaye rAjA mejhIjhanI tarapheNamAM rAjakIya vAtAvaraNa eTaluM badhuM sAnukULa thaI paDayuM hatuM, ke je teNe dhAryuM hota to pAthaAnI mULa gAdI paNa hastagata karI lIdhI hataH paraMtu tevuM koI pagaluM bharyuM nathI te sthiti ja batAve che ke te pote mULa gAdIne vaphAdAra ane nimakahalAlaja rahyo che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te baLavAne aMge pArthIAnI rAjakIya paristhiti vizeSa taMga banatAM chatAM potAnA prAMtanI ja paDakhenI pazrimadIzA e eTale pArthI A tarapha na vadhatAM khasIne mArga Apavo ane zAMti sthApavI'30 te nyAye ulaTI dIzAeja-eTale pUrvatarapha hiMdanI bAjueja-teNe vadhavAnuM durasta vicAryuM che. A prakAranA tenA vartanathI samajAya che ke te rAjakuTuMbanA ja sabhya zaka prajA tathA rUSabhadattanA vRttAMtane juo.) (30) A kalpanA pramANeja saMge hoya ane hatA ema dekhAya che (kemake te bAda paNa nAnA nAnA samaya sudhI rAjasattA bhogavatAja bAdazAho gAdIe AvyA che) to bedhaDaka kahI zakAya ke temaNe kaiTuMbika prema jaLavIne, aMdara aMdara laDatAM ane gAdI meLavavAno prayatna karatAM (rAjyamAM khaLabhaLATa hoya tyAreja AvI sthiti hamezA UbhI thAya che) kuTuMbI janothI khasI javAne mAga lIdhe hate (jenI khAtrI tenA anuyAyIoe batAvelA vartana uparathI maLI Ave che.) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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-- paricheda ] rAjya vistAra 315 hevA uparAMta, umadA svabhAva ane zAMti ja zahenazAha (King of Kings athavA Great Icchuka vRttivALe zAhI nabIre hevo joIe. King of Kings)je che te sarvene itihAsa31 * vaLI tenA anuyAyIoe je mULagAdI sAtheno A pramANe samajavo. eTale ke hi. hiMnA lekhake rAjakIya sabaMdha sAcavIne samAdhAna vRttithI je jaNAvyuM che ke -The Saka and PbkAma lIdhuM che tathA potAnI zAkhAne mULagAdI blva Kings repeat the Great royal sAthe joDI devAnI anumati ApI che, te sthiti title "King or Great King' but paNa uparamAM derI batAvelA ApaNuM anumAnane their normal style is "Great King TekArUpaja nIvaDe che. AvI jyAM tenI (mejhIjhanI) of Kings" a title which is distincly mane vRtti hoya tyAM te pAthamAM hato tyAre Persian=zaka ane paha0 rAjAo,33 (pitA paNa (eTale migreDeTasanA maraNa bAda I. sa. pU mATe) rAjA athavA mahArAjAnA grIka rAjazAhI 88 thI thoDAM varasa sudhI) tene darajajo mAtra IlakAbe vApare che kharA, paNa teone vAstavika rAjA(King)uparathI vadhArIne mahArAjA (Great ho te "mahArAjAdhirAja" no ja che, ke je King) banAvAyo hoya te paNa navAI nathI: tadana IrAnI (bhASAne zabada) che eTale darajaje ane tema na thayuM hoya te, jyAre teNe hiMda vAta sAcI che paNa temanA kahevAne bhAvArtha je tarapha vadhIne tyAM mulaka jItI laI, pitAnI ema hoya ke temaNe grIka prajAnuM anukaraNa amuka gAdI mathurAmAM karI che tyAre teNe potAnI pramANamAM je karyuM che ke, A pArTIansa leke meLe ja potAne mahArAjA=Great King (IrAnanA grIkane tAbedAra jevA keTalAka aMze hatA tenA, mULa gAdIpati ane zahenazAha jeo King tathA temanI rAjakIya sthitI tevI hevAnA pariNAma of Kings pitAne lakhatA; tenAthI pitAno rUpe hatuM to te kathanane sAmA dhasIne ApaNe darajajo kAMIka aMze paNa ocho che te darzAvavA) asvIkAra karavo rahe che; kemake A samaye (eTale athavA mahArAjAdhirAja=Great King of I. sa. pU. 80 nA samaye) hiMdamAM te zuM, paNa Kings tarIke (eTale ke irAnapati zahenazAhanA hiMdanI bahAra paNa aphagAnistAna, irAna ke kadAca jeTalAja darajajAvALo) lekhAvA mAMDyo hoya te tethI paNa pazcimasudhI kayAMya grIka sattAnuM nAma paNa saMbhavita che. rAjA mejhIjhanA bhinna bhinna nizAna-rAjyAdhIkAra tarIke hatuM ja nahIM. ane je IlkAba jevA ke, rAjA (King), mahArAjA rAjyAdhikAra ja temane na hato te pachI tenA (Great King) ane mahArAjAdhirAja athavA parINAmarUpa te sarva IlkAbanI dhAraNA hatI (31) vaLI A heddAo, judI judI prajA kayA saMjogomAM vAparatI tathA temAM zuM bheda gaNI zakAya che te viSaya ApaNe uparamAM svataMtra pAragrAphe samajAvI dIdhuM che. juo pR. 164 thI AgaLanI hakIkata. (32) juo te pustaka pR 167 (33) AmAM palava rAjanI hakIkata ja che ema lekhavuM, zaka zabda te ke. hI. . nA lekhaka A pAthI. ane prajAne zaka dhArI beThA che tene lIdhe temaNe lakhI vALe che. ( juo pR. 303 uparanI TIkA naM. 5) zaka prajA te pitA mATe mAtra "rAjA" zabdaja lakhatA. temaNe kadI patAne, mahArAja ke mahArAja dhirAja tarIke lekhAvyAja nathI (jIo te mATe temanA vRttAMta) (34) A zabda je temaNe uccAryA che teja

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316 ema paNa kayAMthI kahI zakAya? bAkI eTaluM kharU ke, grIka prajAnI sAthe pahatva prajAnI je bheLaseLa-rAjakIya temaja sAmAjIka-pUrNAMkALe thai gai gai hatI tenI asaranA pariNAma rUpe athavA temanA rIta-rIvAjanA anukaraNa rUpe te banavA pAmyuM hatu. ema5kahevAne hajI vAMdhe nathI. uparamAM tenA hAddA vizenI samaja ApatAM ApatAM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke jyAre te prathama hAddA upara AvyA, tyAre pAthIAnI pUrvanA nAnA bhAga, je mithreDeTasa dhI greTa meLavyuMA hatA tenA upara vahIvaTa karavAne te nImAyA hatA. pachI krame krame mithreDeTase agAnistAnanI dakSiNanA zistAna vigere chatI lakhate te pradeza paNa mAjhIjhane sAMpyA. tevAmAM zistAnamAM khaLavA jevI sthiti thai ane ekaTrIAnA rAjavazamAM paNu uthalapAthala thai. eTale migreDeTasanI AjJAthI, AgaLa vadhIne teNe hiMdanI hada sudhInA agAnistAnanA sa bhAga meLavI lIdhA. teTalAmAM 4. sa. pU. 88 mAM mithreDeTasa maraNa pAmyA. te bAda 28 varSanA gALAmAM cAra rAjA irAnanA takhta upara beThA che: temanA samaya meATA bhAge rAjyane azAMtimAM ja gALavA paDayA che. rAjA mejhIjhe thoDA samaya tA rAha joi ke, koi rIte badhuM zAMta thaIne besI jAya che ke nahI'. paNa sthiti sudharatI na joi eTale peAte pUrva tarapha haMMda upara javAnI taiyArI karI. ke hi. IMdra mAM jaNAvyu che ke-36 Mauses invaded India after the end of the reign of Mithrada. ema puravAra kare che, ke temaNe vAta teA karI che. paNa temanuM aMta:karaNa jarA sakSAbha anubhavI rahyuM` che ke A pramANe sthiti kema hoya ? (35) uparanI TIkA naM. 34 sarakhAve, mAjhIjhanA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ aSTama tes II when Parthia ceased to exercise any real control over Seistan and Kandahar=mithreDeTasa khIjAnA dhI cekaTanA) rAjya amalabAda, jyAre sIstAna ane kaMdahAra uparanA pAthI Ane kAbU vAstavika rIte badhuM yA tyAre mAjhIjhe hiMdu upara caDAi karI hatI: " Ane samaya pR. 145 nA kAThAmAM te i. sa. pU. 85 nA mAMdhyA che. paNa vicAra karatAM jaNAya che ke haju paNa khe pAMca varSa mADA ja te hiMdu upara caDI AvyA haze. vaLI pR. 239 mAM sAbita karI gayA pramANe takSilA pati kSaharATa mahAkSatrapa pAtika yAre yAtrA karavA mathurA nagarIe gayA hatA tyAre tenI gerahAjarI ne lAbha laI i. sa. pu78 mAM teNe gAMdhAraprAMta jItI lai gAdI pacAvI pADI hatI. temaja ke. hI. IM. nA lekhake je jaNAvyuM che ke,37 Maues had conquered Gandhar-Pushkala vati to the west of the Indus as well as Taxilla to the east-fy nadInI pazcime AvelI gAMdhAra-puSkaLAvatI ( hAlanu pezAvara ) temaja pUrvanI takSilA (rAjA) mejhIjhe jItI lIdhI hatI; te hakIkata pazu A uparathI satya Thare che. paraMtu temaNe anya ThekANe je ema potAnA abhiprAya jaNAvyA che 3 Any direct invasion from the north seems, in fact to be out of question=uttara dIzAethI sIdhI caDAi karI hAya te vize kharIrIte prazna ja ubhA karavA jevuM rahetu' nathI: eTale ke te uttarethI Avye (76) jue te pustakamAM pR. 569 (37) jIe te pustakamAM pU. 500 (38) jIe teja pustaka pR. 564 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] rAjya vistAra 37 heya ema temanuM mAnavuM thatuM nathI. temanuM A hate te jItI lIdhuM che ane tyArathI pitAnI kathana vyAjabI lAgatuM nathI. kemake eka vakhate hiMdamAMnI rAjadhAnI tarIke teNe mathurAne pasaMda karI ema kahe che ke tenI sattA TheTha kAbulanI khINu, che. A banne chatane I. sa. pU. 79 nA banAva herAta ane kaMdahAra sudhI hatI ane bIjI tarIke seMdhavI paDaze. te pachI turata ja te vakhate vaLI ema kahe che ke teNe gAMdhAranI puSka- maraNa pAme che. tenI pAchaLa "ajhIjha pahelo LAvatI ane takSilA nagarIo paNa jItI lIdhI mathurApati thayo che. mejhIjhane ane ajhIjhane hatIH eTale bhUgoLanuM jarApaNuM jJAna dharAvanAra kAMi sagapaNa saMbaMdha hatA ke kema te jaNAvyuM kahI zakaze ke AvI sthitimAM to te kAbulanI khINa nathI. paNa mAruM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke bane mAMthI bibara ghATanA raste thaIne ja hiMdamAM pravezele vacce pitA putrane saMbaMdha che joIe. te he jaIe chatAM temanA jevA itihAsanA bAbata ApaNe AgaLa upara carcIzuM. paNa UMDA abhyAsI tema banyuM hovA viSe-eTale ke atra eka bIjo prazna vicAro rahe che. zahenate uttaramAMthI nahIM caDAI lAvavA vize zaMkA zAha mejhIjhe ekaja varSamAM paMjAba ane mathurA batAve che tathA vadhArAmAM kahe che ke te aphagA- jItI lIdhAM ane tyAMnA kSaharATa mahAkSatra nistAnanI dakSiNethI balucistAnamAM jaI tyAMthI jemane adhikAra tyAM 30-35 varSo thayAM belanaghATa dvArA prathama siMdha deza tarapha utarelA jAmI paDyo hata-tathA prajAne ke temane paraspara hatuM ane tyAMthI ja siMdhu nadInA jaLa mArge koI divasa athaDAmaNa thaI heya ema jaNAvyuM paMjAbamAM Avyo che. te A kathana kAMIka nathI, tema temanI zArIrika nirbaLatA, rAjakIya tapAsa mAge che. temane Ama uccAravAnuM zuM - nAlAyakAta, ke vahIvaTI kama AvaData paNa itikAraNa maLyuM hovuM joIe? eka ja javAba hAsamAM zodhI jaDatI nathI chatAM te banne pradezanA devo paDaze ke mejhIjhane temaNe zaka prajAne rAjavIo koipaNa sAmano karyA vinA ke te dhAryo che ane pitAnI mAnyatA sAcI TharAvavA kAje sarvemAM aMdara aMdara jhapAjhapI ke khunAmarakI A badhI dalIlanuM cakra temane goThavavuM 39 paDayuM nIpajAve tevAM jaMgI yuddha macAvyA vinA, ekadama che tathA buddhimAM na utare tevI vigato kapanAthI tAbe thaI jAya athavA rAjyanI lagAma AkramaNa ubhI karIne goThavavI paDI che. tenI pikaLatA kArane seMpI de, te nahIM samajAya tevA prasaMge ApaNe pR. 30-10 sudhI vistAra pUrvaka carcA kahI zakAya. jyAM sudhI kAMI majabUta purAvA ke che tyAMthI joI levI. eTale ahIM pAchaLa satyazIla hakIkata jaNAya nahIM tyAM sudhI te tene tAjI karavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. mAtra anumAna ja karavAM rahe che, temAMnuM eka ema A pramANe gAMdhAra deza jItI lIdhA bAda lAge che ke, philAne pAtika ane mathurAne hiMdanA eka rAjakartA tarIke tenI kArakIrdI saMDAsa bane moTI vaye mahAkSatrapa thayA hovAthI zarU thaI kahevAya. te prAMta jItyA pachI TUMka temaja temanA rAjavahIvaTa 35-35 varSathI paNa samayamAM ja AgaLa vadhIne teNe, kSaharATa mahA adhika kALa cAlela hevAthI, lagabhaga 80-00 kSatrapanA AdhakAra taLeno bIjo sUrasena prAMta je varSanI umaranA thaI gayA hatA. vaLI saMbha(39) juo uparamAM dalIla naM. 1 (40) tema te sAmA pakSe merIo paNa mAM

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318 vita che ke, putra parivArathI vihIna haze. jethI rAjya calAvavAnI upAdhi mukI devA icchatA hAya, tevAmAM uparanA banAva banyA hAya. eTale taddana zAMta ane nirUpAdhimaya jIvana gaLAya tathA dareka prakAranI sagavaDa sAthe potAnA zAhI darajjo paNa sacavAya, tevI saratA karIne teo kAragata thayA haiAya. A anumAna tarapha kAraNa maLe che ke dhArmika kArya 41 mAjhIjhanA vadhAre DhaLavA mATe ema teoe pAtAnI jIMdagImAM je karyAM che tenIja noMdha jyAM te tyAM temaNe hitakara vicAyu che. jyAre mahattvadarzIkA smaraNu kAI paNa ThekANe ubhuM karavAnuM ke yAdagAra rahI naya tevu' eka pagaluM bharyAnuM jaNuAtu' ja nathI. atyAre te najare nathI paDatu. kadAca zoSakhALa thatA bhaviSyamAM mAluma paDI Ave to tyAranI vAta tyAre vicArAzeH uparAMta khIjuM kAraNa ema kalpI zakAya che ke yuddha ane khunakhAra jaMga jAmyA tA hazeja. paNa kAma prakAranA sAkSI purAvA je maLI AvatA nathI temAM mukhyapaNe temanI dhArmikavRtti javAbadAra hazeH je jaina dharmanA te anuyAyI hatA temanA sAhitya graMthAnI eka tA pUrI sarakSAja thai rahI nathIH athavA je kAMi rakSaNa karAyuM che te vinA prakAzIta paDI rahyuM che. athavA teA laDAimAM te poteja khapI gayA hoya; jethI temanA taraphathI te kAi jAtanAM smaraNu cinha jALavI rAkhavAnuM, vaMdhyAputra jevu ja kahevAya. ane vijetApakSa zahenazAha mAjhIjhanA je rahayA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat mUkavAnu' rAjakIya nAnI umaranA hatA? te paNa teTalI ja umaranA hatAH kadAca e pAMca varSeda nAno meTA heya: are bAra ke nAno ja hatA tA paNa laDAImAM kayAM rAjAe khUde ja laDavAnuM heAya che, temAM te sainikoe ja yuddha khelavAnAM hoya che, eTale uparanA prazna bahu vicAravA yogya [ ama temaNe noMdha tA karI DAya paNa atyAre maLI AvatI na hAya athavA hAya tAye irAnI zajazAhI daphtarakhAnAmAM aTavAI paDI hAya. athavA sAmA-hAranAra-pakSa tarapha te anyAya karI rahyo hatA jethI hRdayanA AMtarika DaMkhane lIdhekemake te pAte udAra citta ane saMskAra pUrNa rAjavI hatA ema te| uparamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe eTalebadhI paristhiti zabdoccAra vinAja teNe calAvI lIdhI hoya. AvA saMjogAmAM A mahattvanA ane prasaMge! A pakSe ke sAmA pakSe kAi paNa jAtanI dhANI rakhAyA vinAja pasAra thai gayA hovA joIe. bAkI rAjakAraNanI bAbatamAM nIti, anIti ke hRdayanI lAgaNI ane aMta:karaNanA avAjane jema atyAre bahu sthAna maLatuM nathI tevu te samaye paNa haze ke kema, te te kahI zakAya tema nathIja: eTale sava pakSanI sthitinA sArAsAranA vicAra karatAM mahAkSatrapAnI dhArmikavRtti tathA saMsArathI virakta thai adhyAtmika jIvana gALavAnA maneratheAja, temanAM gAdItyAganAM kAraNarUpa hAya te vizeSAMze sabhavita dekhAya che. paNa eka khubI e thai che ke, jema i. sa. pU. 78 mAM uttara hiMdanA mahAkSatraponAM e jakharadasta rAjye paMjAba ane sUrasenanAM ekadama adRzya thaI gayAM che, tema mAtra khIjA cAra varSanA ja atare eTale I. sa. pU. 74 mAMja trIjI kSaharATa sAmrAjya-madhya hi'nA mahAkSatrapa nahANunuM - avaMtipatinuM je-uparanAM banne karatAM sa prakAre caDIyAtuM hatu te paNa kALanAM mAmAM jhaDa A kissAmAM tA rahetA nathI ja. (41) tevAM kAryomAM mathurAnA si'hastUpanI pratiSThAne prasa'ga hatA; jyAM peAtAnI nAtanA sarvenuM samelana paNa karyuM. che temaja te sthAne vAra vAra dana nimite te sarve eka trita thatA hatA. ItyAdi I. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] rAjya vistAra 319 pAI gayuM che. matalaba ke je kSaharATa prajA banAvane vivAda vigatethI pR. 240-ra mAM apAI pitAnAM baLathI itihAsamAM prakAzita thaI jAye- gayo che, jethI atre tenuM punaH Alekhana karavA jalAlInA gagana maMDaLe madhyamAM pahoMcI javA IrachI nathI. subhAgyavAna banI hatI, te AkhIye prajA mAtra ATalA vivecanathI jaNAze ke, zahenazAha pAMca varSanI TuMka mudatamAM ja, teja ItihAsamAM majhIjhane rAjya vistAramAM vartamAnanA aphagAhatI na hatI thaI javA pAmI che. temAM paNa koI nistAna, paMjAba ane yukta prAMtinI bhUmIne daicchIja baLavattara haze ke zuM ? athavA mojhI- samAveza thatuM hatuM. paNa siMdha ke rajaputAnAmAM teNe jhanA manamAM ema vasyuM che ke, jema be kAMI hise pADyo hoya tevI sAbitI maLI mahArAje jItI levAmAM kudarate sAnukULatA batAvI AvatI nathI. hatI, temAM trIjA rAjya upara caDAI laI javAya (2) ajhIjha pahelo urpha aya te temAM paNa kudarata madadagAra thaze ja tevA mejhIjhanA bharaNa bAda tene putra ajhIjha irAdAthI, mathurAne pradeza jItI laIne, tenI paheluM nAma dhAraNa karIne takSikAnIkara temaja dakSiNe Avela avaMti deza upara caDI javAnI mathurAnI gAdIe Avyo che. taiyArI AdarI heya. paNa AdaratAveMta ja kudarate pe- tene koIkanA mate tene ane mejhItAno paDo batAvavA tathA lebhanenahIM thobha athavA samaya jhane kAMI paNa sagapaNa saMbaMdha "ati lobha te pApanuM muLa" te nyAyanI siddhi na hovAnuM manAyuM che. jema arthe tene A duniyAmAMthIja upADI lIdho heya. sagapaNa hevA vIze mataphera che, tema tenA samaya jo ke rAjA mejhIjha jema umare pahoMcI vRddha mATe paNa mataphera cAle che. sagapaNamAM mataphera thaI gayA hatA tema avaMtipati nahapANa te tenAM heya te kAMI itihAsa upara tenI asara paDavAnI karatA AgaLa vadhIne vaLI khakhaDadhaja thaI gayo - dhAstI sAmAnya rIte hetI nathI paNa samayane hato. game te saMjogo ubhA thayA hoya paNa te taphAvata paDI jatuM hoya to tenuM pariNAma te sava rAjyanI sthiti te uparamAM varNavyA pramANe aneka darajaje heraphera AvI jAya che. mATe te banI rahI hatI ja. te saMvego paratvene keyaDo sabaMdhI jarA tapAsa karavI jarUrI che. ukale tyAre kharo. mR. 145 nA koThAmAM ApaNe zahenazAha tazilAnA je tAmrapatramAM 78 nI sAla majhIjhanA samayane aMta I. sa. pU. 78 ne AMka che ane je takSilApati pAtike ketarAvuM jaNAvyo che. ane te hakIkata ItihAsanA dhuraMdhara che tathA jemAM "rAjA moganA rAjya" evA vettA. mi. smithanA kathana AdhAre noMdhAI che. zabdane nirdeza karAyo che, te mahatvanA upagI jyAre ke. hi. I. nA lekhakano mata jude ja paDe (42) ja. iM. hI. ka. pu. 12 pR. 20 prophesara lAmAM maganI pachI rAja ajhIjha gAdIe Avyo che. sTena kenAu jaNAve che ke) Sir John Marshall's 43) jue te pustaka pR. 570-7: temAM mejhI jhane samaya 75 thI 58=17 varSa ane ajhIjhane excavations have shown that in Taxilla Moga was succeeded by king Aziz-27 58 thI 47=1 varSa jaNAve che (juo te pustakamAM bena mArzalanA khodakAmathI sAbita thayuM che ke, takSi- pa. 555 TIka naM27) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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320. ajhIjhane [ aSTama che. pahelAnA mata pramANe mojhIjhanA rAjapane paNa vinA taiyArIo ja AgaLa vadhyo hato ema aMta ja I. sa. pU. 78 mAM AvyAnuM manAyuM che kabula rAkhavuM paDaze. tethI sahaja vicAra AvI jAya jyAre bIjAnA mate tenA rAjyano prAraMbha ja che ke, je kAmamAM game teTalI taiyArI agAuthI lagabhaga te samayethayAnuM gaNAyuM che. AmAMthI kaI karI rAkhI heya te paNa be traNa varasanI mudata jAtane taDa nIkaLI zakAtuM hoya te joIe. te ATaluNamAM ja cAlI jAya tema gaNAya che, mojhanA rAja amala sAthe eka jaNAe temAM mAtra cha mAsano te hIsAbajaze kahevAya? 78 ne AMka joDyo che. aMta ke Adi te mATe ApaNe te 78 nA AMkane badale 75 ne hakIkta hamaNuM dUra rAkhIe-jyAre bIjo 75 svIkAra karIe te vAstavIka gaNAze. vaLI bIjI kahe che. ApaNe uparamAM pAtika ane soDAsanAM paristhiti paNa te vastu aMgIkAra karavAne vRttAMta lakhatAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke, te bannenAM ApaNane prere che. upara pR. 318 mAM "eka khUbI rAjya zahenazAha mojhIjhe eka varSamAM jItI lIdhAM e thaI che' karIne je hakIkata jaNAvI che temAM che ane tene samaya i. sa. pU. 70-78 jaNA- mathurAnI jIta meLavyA bAda rAjA mejhIjhane be che. A hakIkata TAMkavAmAM pAtikane mATe avaMti upara caDI javAnI IcchA karavA jatAM te zilAlekhane AdhAraja levAya che. eTale te kudaratI saMketane lIdhe kema jANe maraNa pAmata kathanamAM "mIna ke meSa' eTale paNa pheraphAra karavAne heya tevI sthiti ka9pI che. te sthAne, ema sthAna rahetuM nathI. jyAre saMDAsa mATe te ApaNe hakIta gaThavavI sumeLa letI kahevAze ke, 78 mAtra AnusaMgIka kAraNane lIdhe anumAnaja dorela mAM teNe takSilA kyuM hatuM ane pachI be che. eTale temAM pheraphAra karavA IcachA rAkhIe to eka varSa taiyArI karI 75 mAM mathurA jatI khoTuM nahIM gaNAya. kAraNa ke AvaDA moTAM lIdhuM hatuM. tevAmAM ati vRddhAvasthAne laine tenuM (takSilA ane mathurA jevAM) rAjyo upara ekaja maraNa nIpajatAM tenI gAdIe rAjA ajhIjha varSamAM laDAI laI javI ane vinA vilaMbe jatI Avyo hato. te gAdIe beThe ke bIje ja varSe levAM, te bahu azakya bake asaMbhavita dekhAya che. avaMtipati nahapaNa aputri maraNa pAmatAM jo ke ApaNe to ema paNa joI gayA chIe tenA vArasa mATe takarAra ubhI thaI. A samaye ke pAtikane mulaka je jItI lIdhuM hatuM te banAva ajhIjhe dhAryuM hota to pite avaMtinA prakaraNamAM tenI gerahAjarImAM ja banavA pAmyo hate. matalaba hAtha nAMkhIne, AkhuM nahIM te tene aMza paNa ke jIta meLavavA mATe mejhIjhane agAuthI koI meLavI zakataH chatAM pite tAjetarane ja taiyArI karI rAkhavAnI jarUraja paDI hatI. eTale gAdIe besela hevAthI tevA lebhamAM nahI jyAre turatA turata mathurAne pAcho sara kare tyAre paDavAnuM DahApaNa bharyuM bhALyuM hatuM. eTale A (44) ne majhIjhane 78 mAM maraNa pAmela mAnIe te ajhIjhane teja sAlamAM gAdIe Avela na paDe: te hIsAbe 74 mAM nahapANa jyAre maraNa pAmyo hato tyAre ajhIjhane gAdIe beThA cAra varasa thayAM kahevA paDeH ATalI mudata thaI jAya ne avaMti jevA deza upara najara paNa na pharakAve to temAM ajhIjhanI nabaLAI ja kahevAya. ane te pramANe sthiti thaI hoya to te mArga DahApaNa bharelo nahIM paNa mUrkhAI bharele kahevAya, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ]. samaya 301 hisAbe 75 ne AMka lekha susaMgata ane sughaTita gaNaze tyAre vaLI prazna e thAze ke mi. smitha jevA vidvAne 78 nI sAla zAmATe grahaNa karI haze? temane zuM zuM kAraNe maLyAM che te temaNe jaNAvyAM nathI ane jaNAvyAM heya te mArA vAMcavAmAM AvyAM nathI. paNa ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che, ke hiMdamAM cAlate zakasaMvata je sAthe 78 ne AMka joDAya che ane tenA pravartAvanAra tarIke A ajhIjhane manAte hata-athavA manAyo che te hisAbe ajhIjhanA rAjyanI zarUAta athavA tenI pUrvenA mojhIjhanA rAjyane aMta, 78 mAM karAvI devA heya. pachI to eke kahyuM eTale bIjAe svIkAravuM rahe, tema gatAnugatika krame te cAlyo Avyo hoya. paraMtu tema banI zakavuM ja taddana azakya che. prathama te ajhIjha e zaktizALI ja navo nathI ke te saMvatasara calAvavAne lAyaka gaNAya. chatAM na banavAnuM banI gayAnuM tene lalATe lakhAyuM hoya ema mAnIe, teya, A sthiti kema koI lakSamAM ja letuM nathI ke, zakasavaMtanI sAthe 78 nA AMkane alabata saMbaMdha to che ja, paNa te I. sa. 78 che, nahIM ke I. sa. pU. 78: ajhIjhane samaya te I. sa. pa. 78 ne che. jyAre zakasaMvatanI Adi I. sa. 78 nI che te be samayanI vacce 78+78=156 varSanuM aMtara che. eTale A viSaya para te vicAra karavAnuM ja rahetuM nathI. jethI 75 ne AMka vadhAvI levAne saMjogenuM samarthana maLe che. te pachI jema mi. smithanA kathanane tapAsI joyuM tema ke, hI, I. nA lekhakanA kathanane zA mATe na tapAsavuM ? temaNe spaSTapaNe te kAMI nathI ja jaNAvyuM paNa temanA lakhANanA garbhita AzayathI haju temanuM hRdaya vAMcI zakAya che kharUM. eka ThekANe lakhyuM che ke-41 (temanI mAnyatA mejhIjha rAjA zaka hovAnI che je aneka vakhata meM upara TAMkI batAvyuM che ane te ja mAnyatAnA AdhAre have batAvuM chuM ke te kathane temaNe ja ghaDI kADhyA che ema samajavuM rahe che) A few years later cir B. C. 75 there arose another formidable power on the west. The Scythians (Sakas) of Seistan bad occupied the delta of the Indus= bAda thoDA varSe, Azare I. sa. pU. 75 mAM pazcime eka bIjI parAkramI (bhayaMkara) sattAno janma thayo hata; zistAnanA (zake) sIthIanoe siMdhu nadIne duAba laI lIdhe hateH temanI kahevAno matalaba e che ke I. sa. pU. 75 mAM zaka prajAne udaya rAjA majhIjhanI AgevAnI nIce thavA pAmyo che. tema bIje ThekANe, pAtikavALA tAmrapatramAM lakhAyelA 79 nA AMkanI carcA karatAM temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke If so, the inscription would be cir, 72 B. C. a year which may well (45) keIke vaLI A ajhIjha pahelAne badale ajhIjha bIjAne te saMvasaranA sthApaka tarIke lakhyo che: paNa tenA samaya sAthe 78 ne AMkaja jyAM nathI tyAM te prazna ApoApa ja uDI jAya che. chatAM tenA jIvanavRttAMtamAMthI bIjI sAbitI maLI zake che ke saMvatanA sthApaka jeTalA te guNa dharAvate naheH (46) juo ke. hi. i. pR. 532: (47) juo ke. hi. I. pR. 570 (48) jue pR. 5546 tathA pU. 610 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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322 ajhIjhanI [ aSTama have fallen in the reign of Mause= je tema hoya te, te zilAlekhane samaya Azare i. sa. pU. 72 gaNAzeH je varSa majhanA rAjya amalamAMnuM thaI raheze. A banne temanAM kathana che. ane te uparathI ja temaNe anumAna ghaDI kADhayuM saMbhave che ke, rAjA mejhIjhano hiMdanI bhUmI uparane prathama dekhAva I.sa. pU. 75nI lagabhagamAM thayo che. paNa mojhIjha zaka prajAne saradAra hovAnI temanI mAnyatAnuM khaMDana ApaNe sArI rIte karI batAvyuM che. eTale temane mata paNa grAhya thato nathI. jethI te banne vidvAnanAM maMtavyanAM dekhAtAM kAraNonI tapAsamAM utaratAM ane te kAraNonI nibaLatA sabaLatAne vicAra karatAM, mojhIjhanuM maraNa haju 75 mAM mAnI zakAya kharUM bAkI tenuM rAjya 78 mAM zarU thayAnuM mAnavAne te aMta:karaNa nA pADe che. AkhI carcAne sAra eTalo ja ke ajhIjhanA rAjyanI zarUAta i. sa. pU. 78 ke 75 mAM mAnavIH ane tenuM maraNa jema mi. smitha sAheba mAne che tema i. sa. pU. 58 mAM gaNIne tene sattAkALa 20 athavA 17 varSane gaNave. game tyAre-I. sa. pU. 78mAM ke 75mAM gAdIe beThelo tene mAne toye tenI i. sa. pU. 74 mAM te te kArakIdI gAdIpati ho hone hato ja. A samaye avaMtipati rAjA nahapANunuM mRtyu thatAM, tenI gAdI mATe aneka khaTapaTa thaI haze ema samajAya che. chevaTe, eka aNadhAryAja ane koI dIvasa khyAlamAM paNa na hoya tevA purUSanA hAthamAM te gaI A purUSanuM nAma rAjA gardabhIla ane tenA nAma uparathI tene vaMza gadaMbhIla vaMza kahevAya che. A gadya bhIlanuM maraNa pAchuM I sa. pU. 64 mAM (koIkanA mane 61 mAM) jayAre thayuM tyAre paNa avaMtinI gAdI mATe pAchI tevIja bhAMjagaDa ubhI thaI hatI. ane parINAme bIje phAvI gayuM hatuM. kahevAnI matalaba atra e che ke avaMtinA upara pramANe banne prasaMge rAjA51 ajhIjhano kArakIdInA samayamAMja banavA pAmyA che. vaLI pitAnA rAjyanI hadanI aDoaDaja avaMtinI hada hatI. eTale ke lAMbI majala kApI laDavA javuM paDe tevuM paNuM nahotuM. tema je phAvI gayA che tenA karatAM aneka gaNe te moTe bhUpALa paNa hato, tema sAmagrI pUrNa hato. chatAM bemAMthI eke prasaMge teNe hAthahalA karyo che ema jaNAyuM nathI. jo tene pitA mejhIjha A vakhate hayAta heta te, koIne pUchavAnI vATa joyA vinA turataja avaMti jevuM hiMdanA mugaTa samuM rAjya kabaje karI lIdhuM heta. eTale samajAya che ke ajhIjha tenA pitAnA je utsAhI ane sAhasIka vRttivALe ja nahIM hoya; athavA pitAne tyAMja rAja khaTapaTa jAgI heya athavA prajA asaMtuSTa banI heya-kemake tenA pitAe takSilAnuM ane mathurAnuM rAjya vinA yudhe-athavA te rAjyakartAo pAsethI gAdI paDAvI laine ja-meLavI lIdhuM hatuM tethI kadAca prajA nArAja thaI heya-te pitAnuM ghara paheluM (49) juo uparamAM tene vRttAMte. (5) tenA rAjayane aMta Avyo che, jyAre keTalAka maraNa thayuM mAne che. vaLI keTalAkane te prasaMga zodhIne te nAsI gayo lAge che (juo have pachI A pustakanA ane tenuM kRta) game tema paNa tenI gAdI te vakhate khAlI paDI hatI teTaluM cokkasa che ja. ( 5 ) temAMnA eka prasaMge pote tana asahAya sthitimAM hato ema samajAya che. A prasaMgane aMge vadhu vigata mATe juo AgaLa AvatI hakIkata, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ) kArakIrdI 323 saMbhALavuM tema dhArI bIjI tarapha najara ja nAMkhI hatA te vaLI bIjI eka zaMkA e thAya che na heya. paNa tevI sthiti banI heya tema nedhAyuM ke te have pArthIana, jyAre prajA hatI hiMdu dekhAtuM nathI. eTale ema anumAna thAya che ke te prajA uDIne pitAne saMvatasara mAnaze ke ke te bhAIsAheba mahetA mAre nahIM ane bhaNave pArakAne? javAba devAze ke, ema te aneka paNa nahIM tevI taTastha vRttivALA heya; ke tadana saMvatasare pUve calAvAyA che. vaLI zilAlekhomAM nirlobhI heya; athavA bhoga vilAsamAM ja Akho paNa konarAvAyAnuM tame pote ja jaNAvI gayA samaya vyatIta karI nAkhatAM hoya; ke zeko pApaDa cho tenuM kema? khulAso ke, pUrva samaye je paNa bhaMgAya nahIM tevA baLahIna heya; paNa tenA saMvatare cAlelA najare paDe che te te samasikkA vizenA paricayathI samajAya che ke, potAnI yanI prajAe potAnA rAjavI uparanA premane pAchalI jIMdagImAM te bimAra avasthAmAM ja haze. lIdhe karyuM che. vaLI rAjAoe ja te potAne eTale avaMtimAM jyAre dvitIya rAjadvArI prasaMga saMvata lakhe che. eTale temAM prajAnI saMmati ubhe thaye tyAre te te kAMI karI zake tevI hatI ke nahIM te purA khAtrIpUrvaka kahI sthitimAMja nahoto. chatAM pahelA prasaMga vakhate na zakAyaH haju tenA vize ema kahI zakAya teNe je pATha bhajavyAnuM anumAna doravuM paDyuM che ke, rAjasattA je dhAre te karI zake che. teja sthiti heya te tene ekaMdare nabaLe bhUpati tethI teNe pitAne saMvatasara mArI ThokIne te kahevuM ja paDaze. AvA baLahIna tathA teje prajA pAse lakhAvarAvyuM hatuM. eka bAragI hIna pAsethI vizeSa pragati karavAnI AzA te vAta paNa ApaNe kabUla karIe; paNa sevI zakAya ja nahIM. bake te pote pitAnuM te sthiti tenA mulaka paratve haju saMbhavita saMbhALI rAkhe teTaluM paNa ganImata samajavuM banI zake. paraMtu dakSiNa hiMda ke jenuM pR. 321 mAM isAre tha che ke, teNe mahe paNa teNe joyuM nahatuM tyAM sudhI te zaka 78 mAM zakasaMvata sthApana karyAnI keTalAka cAlyo Ave che tenuM kema? A badhI carcAne abhyAsIonI mAnyatA che. sAra ekaja che ke, zaka pravartaka tarIke te tenA sikkA paNa te virUddha tyAMja sucanA hovAnI vidvAnI mAnyatA taddana pAyA vinAnI ane karI che ke, I. sa. 78 ja che. vaLI sikkA bAbatanI nIce lakhela saMvatasara nI sAthe barAbarImAM ja I hakIkata sAthe paNa sarakhAvavAnI jarUra che. sa. pU. 78 dhArI levAthI te tenA sikkA vize. ke. ze. hi. I. nA mAnyatA UbhI thavA pAmI che ane tethI tene lekhake jaNAvyuM che ke pa2 On Maues coins taddana bhUzAyI karI nAMkhavI rahe che. vaLI upa- his name appears alone with the ramAM varNavelI tenI kArakIrdInA khyAnathI khAtrI title "King of Kings" but the thaze ke saMvatasaranA sthApakamAM je aneka guNo coins of his successors, Aziz king joIe temAM eka paNa tenAmAM nahe. tema of kings, of Spalahores his brother chatAM ghaDIbhara mAno ke teNe te zaka pravartAvya and of spalagadames his nephew (52) jue te pustaka pR. 18

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324 ajhIjhanA sIka [ aSTama sometimes also bear on the obverse Greek legends, with the name Vonones, king of kings. Aziz sometimes struck coins, like Maues, in his own name alone but also sometimes with Azilises king of kings as well as with Asvavar man=ojhanA sikkA upara, mahArAjAnI padavI sAthe tenuM ekalAnuM ja nAma dekhAya che paNa tenI pachI AvanArAomAMnA, mahArAjA ajhIjhanA, tenA (ajhIjhanA) bhAI peleheresanA tenA bhatrIjA pelageDemsanA sikakAomAM kavacita savaLI bAju upara grIka lIpimAM mahArAjA venanIsa evA zabda paNa che.53 ajhIjhe pitAnA sikkAo mojhIjhanI peThe kavacita pitAnA ekalAnA nAme,14 vaLI kavacita mahA- rAjA ajhIlIjhanIpaSa sAthe temaja azvavarmana sAthe paNa paDAvyA che. eTale ema kahevA mAMge che ke, keTalAka sikkAmAM tenuM ekalAnuM maheNuM che ane keTalAkamAM bIjAnI sAthe tenuM kahevuM che. (bIjAnI sAthe eTale, ekanuM savaLI bAju ane bIjAnuM avaLI bAju; temaja eka bAjue paNa sAthe sAthe 7; A baMne rIte artha thAya che) A japalekhake vaLI carcA karatAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke,59 sikkA upara bemAMthI je mATe hoya te grIka lipimAM ane nAne heya te pachI lipimAM akSare lakhAve che. temaja banne vacce je bApa-dIkarAne ja saMbaMdha hoya te arasparasanI kAMI oLakha ApatA nathI; paNa anya saMbaMdha hoya te te pramANe temAM jaNAveluM hoya che. ane tenA purAvAmAM ajhIlIjha ane ajhIjhanA daSTAMto ApyA che. paNa eka sthitinI tana avagaNanA karAI che ke pote je daSTAMto ApyAM che te badhAM IrananI mULa gAdI vizenA che; jyAre hiMdamAM zuM sthiti che athavA hatI te bAbatamAM eka zabda paNa uccAratA nathI. eTale (53) ajhIjhanA bhAI ane bhatrIjanA sikakA upara bhale mahArAja nenIsanuM nAma heya: paNa khuda ajhIjhanA sikakA upara te nAma che ke kema, te nathI dazAvyuM: vaLI majhIjhanI pAchaLa AvanArAnAM nAmamAM ajhIjhanAM bhAI ane bhatrInanAM nAma zA mATe gaNAvyA? temaNe koI divasa svataMtra zahenazAha tarIke kAma ja karyuM nathI. bahu tyAre temaNe nAnA prAMtamAM sUbA tarI- keja adhIkAra bhAga haze. paNa jema bekaTrIana saradAra DimeTrIasa ane minenDaranA amalamAM keTalAMye navAM navAM nAme AvyAM che ne te sarvene AvIja rIte rAjakartA mAnI laI goTALo Ubho karyo che. tema ahIM paNa karyuM lAge che. teo kAMte mahArAja ajhIjhane tAbe hoya athavA te mULa gAdInA dhaNI zahenazAha nenIsanI AjJAmAM hoya paNa teone svataMtra rAjakartA te gaNI zakAya tema che ja nahIM.. (54) A sikkAo tenA ekalAnA ane svataMtra adhikAra samayanA lekhavA, (55) bIjI vyakita sAthenA je sikkAo che te saMyukata adhikAra samayanA eTale ke tenI pAchalI jiMdagInA che. pAchaLanI jiMdagImAM zA mATe ema thavA pAmyuM che te mATe AgaLanI hakIkata juo.. (56) A vyakti keI rAja ke mahArAja nathI paNa senApati che. eTale dekhAya che ke, amuka vakhate ajhIjhane ane tene saMyukta adhikAra haze. kayAre ne kema? te mATe AgaLa upara juo. (5) juo nIcenI TI. naM. 60 (58) ke. ze. hi. ane ke. hi. I. baMnenA lekhaka eka ja che ema dhArIne ahIM meM A zabdo lakhyA che, kemake bane pustake eka ja saMsthAnI mAlIkInA che ane upodaghAtamAM paNa jaNAvyuM che ke pahelAnA sArarUpe bIjuM pustaka che. (59) juo ke, hi. I. pR. 572.

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paricheda ] ane saMvatasara 325 mAruM ema mAnavuM thayuM che ke, jyAre prathamanA rAjA mojhI svataMtra thaI pote hiMdamAM gAdI sthApI ane bhAdara vatanamAM paNa krAMti maTI jaIne badhuM zAMta thaI gayuM tyAre punaHracanA ane sarjana karavAnA prayAso pote karyA hatA. te puna: sarjana kaI rIte thavA pAmyuM che te samajavA, pArthIonI gAdInI vaMzAvaLI tarapha thoDo vakhata ApaNe najara pheravavI paDaze. (juo pR. 14pa ne kaTho) miDeTasa dhI greITa-bIjAnA I. sa. pU. 88 mAM maraNa pAmyA pachI 28 varSa sudhI be traNa nAnA rAjAo gAdIe AvI gayA che. te bAda miDeTasa trIje gAdIe Avyo. tenI kArakIrdI I. sa. pU. 60 mAM zarU thaI che. te samaye hiMdanI gAdI upara ajhIjhanuM svAmitva te cAlatuM hatuM paNa vRddhAvasthAne lIdhe (ane dhAruM chuM ke te kadAca apaMga paNa banI gayo haze) tene putra ajhIlIjha tene rAjakAjamAM madada karate 1 hatuM. eTale IrAnanA mitheDeTasa trIjA vacce ane A bAju ajhIlIjha vacce sarjana kevI rIte karavuM tenA saMdezA cAlyA heya; tevAmAM ajhIjhanuM maraNa I. sa. pU. pa8 mAM thatAM ajhIlIjha gAdIe Avyo. ane IrAnamAM vaLI mithreDeTasanuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 56 mAM thatAM tenI gAdIe oraDasa Avyo. have A be vacce samajUtinuM prakaraNa cAlyuM. eTale ema toDa nIkaLyo lAge che ke, be gAdI karavAthI teTalI kamajorI vadhe che ane tethI tene lAbha trIje laI jAya che; jyAre maLe te bane eka ja che; mATe ajhIlIjhanA maraNa bAda hiMdanI ane IrAnanI gAdI eka ja che ema lekhavuM ane te mATe IrAnane darajaje avala heine tyAMthI zAhajAde athavA yuvarAja hiMda upara vahIvaTa calAvavA Ave. A pachI ajhIlIjhanuM maraNa che. sa pU. 30 mAM thayuM. te samaya daramyAna IrAna upara eka be rAjA thaI gayA hatA ane tenI pahelAnA bhAI spelIrIjhanuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM. eTale prathamanI thayela zarata pramANe tene putra63 ajhIjha je te samaye aphagAnistAnamAM koI prAMta upara vahIvaTa calAvatA hatA tenI nimaNuka hiMdanA rAjakartA tarIke karavAmAM AvI. teNe hiMdamAM AvI ajhIjha bIjA tarIke rAjyanI lagAma hAthamAM lIdhI. vaLI A pramANe vahIvaTa calAvavAmAM keTalIka agavaData. AvavA pAmI. eTale ajhIjha bIjAnI pachI gAdIe AvanAra geDe phAranesanA samaye bane gAdIo ekatra karI naMkhAI ane geDe phAranesane IrAnane zahenazAha TharAvavAmAM Avyo. jethI teNe hiMdamAMthI pitAne mukAma uThAvI bhAdara vatanamAM karyo (A hakIkata mATe tenuM vRttAMta (60) A kAraNathI bApa-dIkarAnA caherA eka eka sAthe paNa bAju upara paDayA che; nahIM te ekanuM savaLI bAjI ane bIjanuM avaLI bAju ema pADavAnI je sAmAnya rIta che te pramANe pAData (vaLI vizeSa mATe ajhIlIjhanA vRttAMta juo). (61) ke. hi. I. pR. 572-Aziz I was succeeded by Azilises but there was certainly a period in which these two kings were associated in government, ajhIjhanI pAchaLa ajhIlIjha gAdIe Avye che. paNa kharekhara eka vakhata e hatuM ja, je vakhate A baMne rAjAe vahIvaTa karavAmAM sAthe joDAyA hatA. (62) A kAraNathI ja rAja majhIjhane meM bAdazAhI kuTuMba sAthe lehasaMbaMdhathI yukata mAnya che, pachI te lohI saMbaMdha keTalo nIkaTane hatuM te judI vAta che. (63) spelIrIjhane putra eTale nosIsane bhatrije. (64) A uparathI samajaze ke ajhIlIjha ane ajhIjha bIjane pitA-putrane saMbaMdha nathI ja, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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324 ajhIlIjha [ aSTama juo). A pramANe hakIkta banyAnuM TharAvAya te uparamAM TAMkelAM-ke che. I. pR. 68 nuM ane ke. hi. I. pR. 572 nuM-ane vAnAM thanane Ukela ApoApa AvI jAya tema che. ATalAM vivecanathI have spaSTa thayuM haze ke ajhIjhane saMvatasara cAle che ke kema? athavA tenA sikkAmAM zA mATe babbe mahArAM pADavAmAM AvyAM che ? temaja geDaphAranesane kema IrAna tarapha pAchuM vaLavuM paDayuM che ? (3) ajhIlIjha zahenazAha ajhIjha pahelAnA bharaNa pachI tenI gAdIe tene putra ajhIlIjha Avyo che. tene samaya I. sa. pU. pa0 thI 30=28 paryatana TharAvAyo che. temAM zaMkA jevuM kAraNa rahetuM na hevAthI ApaNe paNa te ema ne ema ja mAnya rAkhI laIe chIe. A samaya tenA svataMtra rAjyAdhikArane ja che. te uparAMta pitAnA pitAnA uttarajIvanamAM, temanA maMdavADane laIne paNa teNe rAjavahIvaTa saMbhALI lIdhe dekhAya che. paNa cAlu AvatA niyama pramANe te tenA pitAnA nAme caDAvI zakAya nahIM. tenA rAja amalamAM ke anya mahattvane banAva banyAnuM jaNAyuM nathI, ke banyo hoya paNa noMdhAyo jaDato na heya. banyuM na havAmAM be traNa kAraNa AgaLa dharI zakAya tema che. (1) tenA pitAnI peThe te paNa baLahIna ke tejahIna heya. jo ke tema dhAravAne ApaNI pAse koI sAdhana nathI. UlaTuM tenA pitA karatAM tene rAjatvakALa dIrdhakAlIna nIvaDyo che. eTale vadhAre nahIM te kAMIka ThIka ThIka sattAvALA ane parAkramI paNa have joIe ja. (2) irAnanI sAthe amuka prakAranI samajUti thaI gaI hevAthI, tene have pitAne mATe bahu udhAsa ke utsAha nahIM rahyo hoya eTale taddana niSkriyapaze ane upekSAvRttithI ja rAjakAja karyo jato haze. (3) samajUti thaI na hoya to paNa bahu mulaka vadhAravA tarapha tenuM lakSa ja dekhAtuM nahatuM. te pote gAdI upara be ke bIje ja varSe avaMtinI gAdI pAchI khAlI paDI hatI. eTale jo dhArata te te AkhuM rAjya ke tene kAMIka hise paNa meLavI zakata; paNa te taka jeNe jatI karI che. AvAM vidhavidha anumAne tenA jIvana vize dorI zakAya che; chatAM eka prasaMga tene nabaLe rAjakartA mAnI levAne mane prathama maLyo hato. paraMtu vizeSa zodhanathI mAlUma paDayuM che ke te mAtra mArI bhramaNA ja hatI. chatAM te aitihAsika bIna ja hovAthI, bhaviSyamAM koI anya saMzadhakane temAMthI kadAca sAra jevuM hAtha lAgI jAya tevA AzayathI te nIce rajU karuM chuM. rAjataraMgiNi ke je kAzmiradezane prAcIna kALane pramANika itihAsa darzAvate vartamAna kALe labdha thato graMtha manAya mArI che, temAM ema jaNAvAyuM che bhramaNuM ke, hiMdI samrATa vikramAditye deza sara karIne pitAnA pratinidhi tarIke maMtrI nAmanA pradhAnane tyAM vahIvaTa karavA nI hatI. A hakIkatano ullekha sarakhoye bhAratadezanA zikhavAtA koI itihAsamAM koI hiMdI samrATa viSe karAye hevAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. jyAre vikramAditya nAmanI vyaktie te lagabhaga daza bAra jeTalI (juo A pustakane aMte tene lagata paricheda) hiMdanI bhUmi upara thaI gaI che. eTale prazna e udbhave che ke, taraMgiNikAre kyAM vikramAdityane uddezIne te bInA lakhI haze. teNe lakhyuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= = paricheda ]. nuM jIvana 3ra7 che tyAre te kAMIka AdhArabhUta hevuM joIe ja bAju tenuM niSkriya jIvana lAgyuM. vaLI ke. hi. pachI tenI saLa ApaNane sUjhatI na hoya temAM I. nA lekhakane je abhiprAya hato ke A tene deSa na kahevAya. ema te temaNe je dharmA ajhIlIjhanA pUrvaja zahenazAha mejhIjhe paNa zokane paNa eka vakhata kAzmirapati thaI gaye hiMdamAM jyAre prathama caDAI karI hatI tyAre hevAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM ane te uparathI hiMdI teNe balucistAnanA mArge prathama utarI, ItihAsanA abhyAsIoe tathA laMDananI lAi- pachI siMdhu nadInA jaLapravAhadvArA upara brerInA hiMdI vibhAganA graMthapALa mi. themAse vadhIne paMjAba sara karyo hato, ane be ema sAbita karyuM hatuM, ke te dharmAzoka te bAju paDelA yavanarAjavaMzIonA mulaka vacce anya koI nahIM paNa mauryavaMzI samrATa azoka pote phAvaDarUpa jema banyo hato tema eka bAju vardhana hatuM. te mAnyatA khoTI che ema ApaNe A ajhIlIjhanA mathurA taraphanuM rAjya ane have pu. 2 mAM anekavidha carcA karIne batAvI bIjI bAju tenA mULa vatanavALA pArTIana ApyuM che (juo pu. 2, pR. 389 upara dhamazeka- prajAnuM rAjya; te benI vacce zakAri vikramAditye nuM pariziSTa). matalaba kahevAnI e che ke, tyAM paNa phAcaDa mAravA jevuM, paMjAba ane kAzmira jema taraMgiNikAranA kathanathI ApaNane eka chatIne kAM na karyuM hoya ? A vicAra manamAM aitihAsika banAvane mULa pAye hAtha lAge ghaLAyA karato hovAthI te samaye (lagabhaga ATha have tema ahIM kadAca prayAsa karAya to kAMIka varSa upara jyAre A pustakanuM mULa lakhANa meM navIna vastu hAtha lAge paNa kharI. UbhuM karIne lakhI rAkhyuM hatuM tyAre ) te A - rAjataraMgiNikAre varNavelA vikramAditya pramANe ja banyuM hovAnuM TharAvIne badhuM ekaThuM mATe sarva koinI prathama najara zakAri vikrama- goThavI dIdhuM hatuM. paNa have jyAre pustaka chapAditya upara ja paDavA saMbhava che; kemake tenA vavAne yoga prApta thayuM tyAre zahenazAha mojhI - nAmanI prasiddhi ane lokapriyatA uparathI ja jhane Akho itihAsa jema zodhavo paDyo ane anya bhUpatio te birUda potAnA nAma sAthe badhuM vAjuM dharamaMDANathI pharI jatuM dekhAyuM, joDavA prerAyA che. eTale meM paNa zakAri vikra- tema A prasaMganI bAbatamAM paNa AkhuM cakra mAdityane kAzmirapati thayAnuM mAnI laI, tyAM pheravavA jevA saMjogo dekhAyA; kemake, ajhIlIjha maMtrIguptane sUbe nImyAnuM TharAvyuM. vaLI kAzmi- pachI gAdIe Avela zahenazAha geDaphAranesane ranI chatane tene samaya I. sa. pU. 57 mAM TheTha IrAnathI mAMDIne mathurA sudhInA sava pradeza te avaMtipati banyA pachInA daza paMdara varSamAM upara rAja karatA hovAnuM manAya che. vaLI teNe ja thaye heya ema gaNI, te samaye keNa koNa vacce phAcaDarUpa paDela koI pradezane chatIne mArga rAjAo paMjAba ane kAzmiramAM sattA upara sApha karI nAMkhyA hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. eTale hevA joIe te zodhI kADhavA najara doDAvI. zakAri vikramAdityane gaNatrImAMthI paDato mUkavo eTale i pAthIana rAjA ajhIlIjhane samaya paDyo. pachI bIjI najara guptavaMzI caMdragupta ane tene sattA pradeza paMjAba (ke kAzmira ) upara paDI. te vaMzamAM vikramAditya biradadhArI be vigere dhyAnamAM taravaravA lAgyA. tema bIjI traNa rAjAo paNa thayA che. teo mahAparAkramI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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328 paNa thavA sAthe uttara hiMdanA bhUpati thayA che. uparAMta kAzmiramAM nImelA sUbA pradhAna maMtrIguptanuM nAma paNa temanI sAthe vadhAre susagata thatu' dekhAya che. A pramANe aneka prakAre te anumAnane puSTi maLatI dekhAi. paNa temanA rAjyAdhikAra A pustakanI karAvela samayamaryAdA bahArano hoIne te vize ATale ullekha karIne ja ahIM viramavuM paDe che, kahevAnA tApatha e che ke, meM prathama dorelA anumAna mAre pheravavA paDayo che ane tethI rAjA ajhIlIjhane kapALe coMTADAtu kalaMka dheALI nAMkhI tene me' mArI bhramaNA nA zirSIka taLe jaNAvavuM ceAgya dhAryu che. " 11 gAMDAkAranesa ( 4 ) ajhIjha bIje zahenazAha ajhIlIjhanA maraNu bAda thayela samajUtinA karAra pramANe (jue pR. 325 ) irAnanA rAjakuTuMbamAMthI kAi nabIre hiMdI prAMtAnA vahIvaTa calAvavA AvavAnA hatA. te samaye IrAnamAM zahenazAha vadyAnIsanuM bharaNu nIpajI cUkayu hatu. eTale tenI gAdI upara tena nAnA bhAi spelIrIjha kheDA hatA. zahenazAha spelIrIjhane eka yuvAna putra hatA tene hiMdu tarapha mAkalI ApavAmAM AvyA hatA; je zahenazAha ajhIjha khIjA tarIke hiMdI ItihAsamAM jANItA thayA che. tenA samaya i. sa. pU. 30 thI I. sa. 19 sudhInA 49 vaSa~nA gaNAya che. te vize kAine vAMdhA uThAvavAnuM kAraNa maLyuM nathI, jethI ApaNe paNa te sAthe saMmata thaIe chIe. inDeApArthIane jAtinA kulle pAMca zahenazAha thayA che. temAMnA sarvemAM A ceAthA gAdIpatinA rAjyakALa sauthI lAMkhe che, chatAM tenA ja rAjaamala daramyAna ochAmAM ochA noMdhavAlAyaka banAva nAMdhAyA che. banne ema kahe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ama ke, tenA AkhAye samaya hiMdI itihAsanI najare taddana '' kArI pATI=Blank slate'' jevA ja che. teNe rAjanI lagAma krAya letI vakhate, jeTalI bhUmine vArasA lIdhA hatA teTalA ja tenI pAchaLa AvanArane sAMpyA hatA. eTale ke teNe nathI jamIna vadhArI ke nathI ghaTADI; eTalu' ja nahIM paNa teNe AsapAsanA kAine herAna karyAM hoya ke khAlI dhamakI ApIne dama mAravA jevu' karyuM hoya ema paNa lAgatuM nathI. jema teNe koI pADeAzIne raMjADyA nathI tema tenA pADozIe paNa tene UMcAnIcA thavAnuM kAraNa ApyuM nathI; nahI' teA tenA samaya daramyAna tenI dakSiNa hade aDIne Avela atipati zakAra vikramAditya je parAkramazIla rAjA thaI gayA che tathA jenI kArakIdI eTalI jagajAhera ane prakhyAta thayelI che ke, je tenI karaDI najara kaMi aMze paNa thai hAta tA, kAMika ne kAMika navAjUnI te thai jAta ja. A uparathI ema samajAya che ke, ane bhUpALA zAMtipUrvaka vahIvaTa calAvI leAkasevA karavAnI bhAvanAvALA ja haze. jethI koIe ekabombanA kAmakAjamAM vinA prayAjate athavA kevaLa bhUmi meLavavAnA leAbhamAM taNAInemAthuM mAravAnuM ucita dhAryuM lAgatu natho, A zahenazAhanA lAMkhA rAjyakALa hAine je keTalAke tene zakasaMvatsaranA sthApaka tarIke manAvavAnI vRtti dAkhavI che te kevI nApAyAdAra che te ApaNe uparamAM ajhIjha pahelAnu vRttAMta lakhatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe eTale ahIM' punarUkti karatA nathI. zahenazAha ajhIjhanuM bharaNu nIpajatAM, tenI pAchaLa gAMDAkAranesa AvyA che. (5) gADAphAraneso DAphArasa jema ApaNA brITIza hiMdamAM vahIvaTa www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] calAvavAne, IMglAMDathI hAkeme| nImAne Ave che ane temanI pasaMdagI tyAMnI pArlAme Ta dvArA te samayanuM pradhAnamaDaLa kare che; jethI eka pachI AvanAra bIjAne kAMi sagapaNu sabaMdha hAtA nathI tema A InDA pAthI anse paNa te rIta have grahaNa karelI hAvAthI, gAdI khAlI karanArane ane navA AvanArane bIjo koi lAhI saMbadha hAtA nathI. chatAM ahI' cAlatI brITIza prathA ane te samayanI inDeApAthI a nsanI prathAmAM phera e hatA ke (1) inDeApAthI - ansamAM rAjakuTuMbI jana-saradArane meAkalavAmAM AvatA (2) ane je AvatA te amuka vakhata mATe ja na AvatAM tenI AkhI jiMdagI sudhI vahIvaTa calAvyA karatA. pachI irAnanI mULa gAdI upara birAjatA zahenazAhamAM pheraphAra thai jatA te paNa hiMdamAM vahIvaTa karanArane kAMi ja AMca AvatI naheAtI. nA sthAna vize A gAMDAkAranesanA samaya I. sa. 19 thI 45 sudhInA 26 varSa paryaMta hiMdanA rAjaka tarIke lekhavAmAM AvyA che ane te khAda irAnanI ane hiMdanI gAdo ekatra thai javAthI tene irAnamAM kheAlAvI lIdhA hatA ane pachI tyAMnA ane hiMdanA ekatrita zahenazAha tarIke tenI kArakIrdI cAlI hatI 5 ema kahI zakAze. tenA rAjyakALa paNa ThIka ThIka lAMkhA samaya cAlyA gaNAya. teNe paNa potAnA pUrvajanI peThe, dakSiNe AvelA ava`tipati sAthe khIna ( 15 ) kahe che ke tenuM maraNa I. sa. 60 mAM thayuM hatuM. H. H, P. 647:-He died about 60 A. D.=hi, hiM, pR. 647:-te I. sa. 60 Azare maraNa pAmyA. (66) ke. hi. i. pU. 538:-'The Pahalva 42 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 319 daramyAnagIrInI nItine jALavI rAkhI dekhAya che: paNa khIjI bAju jayAre agAnistAnanI uttare hiMdukuza parvatanI AsapAsa ane peAtAnA mulakanI thaDeAthaDa AvIne yusI prajAnA (juo uparamAM pR. 142 ) eka TALAnI madada sAthe kuzAna saradAra kunnula kaDasIjhane peAtAnI sattA kAMika sthira karatA sAMbhaLyA tyAre teNe potAnA hAthanA svAda tene cakhADavAne pagalAM levAM paDyAM hatAM; ane te saradArane kAbUlanI khINavALA bhAga khAlI karIne jarA pAchA haThI javAnI pharaja paNa pADI hatI. te bAda teNe aphagAnistAnavALA te bhAgamAM eka prItisthaMbha UbhA karyo che je tenI rAjaamalanI sAkSI pUratA adyApi paNa najare paDI rahyo che. tenA rAjyaamalamAM InDeApAthI ane sattA madhyAhne 16 paheAMcI gaI hatI ema jarUra kahI zakAze. tenA rAjya sAthe bahu nisabata dharAvatI evI eka e keTaluka jANavA khAbatane ahIM ullekha karI laie. ceAgya keTalAka vidvAneAnI ema mAnyatA thai che ke, te pote pathvI mahajhAneA anuyAyI hovA chatAM teNe pAtAnI pAchalI jiMdagImAM dharmoparivartana karIne isAne dharma aMgakArI karyo hatA. tyAre keTalAkanA evA mata paDe che ke, te bahu udAracitta hAvAthI teNe 7 khristI dharmAM tarapha bahu AdarabhAva ja mAtra batAvyA hatA, power attained its height=pavAnI sattA tenA utkRSTa sthAne paheAMcI hatI. ( 67 ) hiM. hiM, pR. 647:-A recently discovered inscription shows that Gondophorus was initiated by St, Thomas. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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330. hiMda sAthe ITalInI [ aSTama paNa pite te dharmane bhakta banyA nahe. bemAMthI game te he, paNa eTaluM kharuM ja ke te samaye tAjetaramAM ja khristI dharmane udbhava thayA hatA ane prajA tene ThIka ThIka apanAvavA lAgI hatI. tene A dharma pratye AkarSa nAra ke mugdha karanAra vyakti seTa themAsa nAmanA madrAsa ilAkAnA eka pAdarI che. te AkhI kathA prathama te eka daMtakyA ja jevI lAge che paNa eka graMthakAra jyAre tene zilAlekhane AdhAra ApIne majabUta banAvI rahela che tyAre, bIjo viruddha purAvo na maLI Ave tyAM sudhI ApaNe te hakIkatane eka satya ghaTanA tarIke ja mAnavI rahe che. A eka bAbata thaI. bIjI A pramANe che tenuM rAjya hiMdamAM te I. sa. 26 thI lagabhaga khatama thayuM gaNAya che; ane te bAda uttara hiMdanA paMjAba ke yukta prAMtamAM keinI sattA khAtrIpUrvaka sthapAyAnI jaNAI hoya te te kuzanavaMzI rAjA kaniSkanI ja che. tema tene samaya I. sa. nI pahelI sadInA aMtano (Azare I.sa. 78 no) viThA- e gaNyo che, jethI lagabhaga aDadhI sadInA gALAnuM je aMtara paDe che temAM te bhUmi upara koNe amala calAvyo gaNu? bhUpALa vinAnI bhUmi te rahevA pAmI nahIM heyane ? keTalAkanuM ema mAnavuM che ke, IrAnamAMthI nAnA padavIdhare tyAM AvIne vahIvaTa calAvye jatA hatA jyAre bIjI rIte tapAsa karatAM koI prakAranI pramANabhUta mAhitI maLatI ja nathI. kharI sthiti puravAra thAya te ja pramANe kharI samajavI. bAkI eka lekhake hiMdane yuropanA eTalI sAthe sarakhAmaNI rUpe eka abhiprAya je darzA vyo che te vAcaka samakSa ITalInI rajU karI A pariccheda hiMda sAthe samApta karIzuM. temaNe te sarakhAmaNuM bhUgoLanI daSTie ja vicAra darzAvyA che paraMtu keTaleka aMze te rAjakIya daSTibiMdu paNa rajU karate heya ema anubhavathI jaNAya che. temanA zabdo A pramANe 19 che-"India & Italy have terribly suffered for their unhappy gifts of beauty =hiMdane ane ITalIne pitAnI saudaryatAnI kamanazIba bheTane aMge bhayaMkara rIte sahana karavuM paDayuM che." kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, A banne dezo upara kudarate pitAnI ramaNIyatAne je koThAra ThAlavI dIdhuM che tethI temane asIma nukazAna thayuM che. ApaNe to ahI hiMdanI ja vAta karI rahyA chIe tethI te saMbadhe ja jaNAvIzuM. hiMdusthAna dezanI racanA ja kudarate kAMIka alaukika prakAranI karI che. tenI uttare Avela kAzmira deza je ke havApANI ane sInasInerIne aMge yuropanA iTalInI sAthe bhale sAmya dharAvatuM haze; chatAM rAjakIya najare, jema iTalI yuropanuM eka aMga banI raheluM che tema kAzmirane hiMdanuM aMga gaNI zakAze nahIM. te to hiMdathI chUTuM ja paDI jatuM hoya ema dekhAya che. kahe A. D, 21. =bahu thoDA vakhata upara zodhI kaDhAyelA eka lekhathI sAbita thAya che ke, gaphArasane i. sa. 21 mAM seMTa themasanA haste khristI dharmanI dIkSA devAI hatI. (jemaNe A prasaMge jaNavA icachA heya temaNe uparanuM pustaka vAMcI nevuM.). (68 ) mArA mata pramANe rAna kaniSkane samaya bhinna che. je carcA pustaka kathA aMtamAM vistArapUrvaka dalIlo sahita sAbita karI ApI che, eTale hAla te eTaluM ja lakhavuM ucita dhAruM chuM. (69) juo. hiM. pra. 620,

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paricacheda ]. sarakhAmaNI vAne bhAvArtha e che ke, agAnistAnamAMthI koIne hiMda upara AkramaNa lAvavuM hoya, te uttara hiMdanA A kAzmira dezane jarA paNa aDakyA sivAya, paMjAbane prathama sara karIne dIlhIpati ke mathurA pati banI zakAya che, jyAre ITalInI sthiti tevI nathI ja. tenuM pada te yuropanA eka avibhAjaya aMga tarIke kAyama ja rahe che. yuropanA anya dezothI te vibhinna paDI jatuM nathI. paNa je kAzmira taraphathI ine hiMdamAM AvI dIhIpati ke mathurApati banavuM hoya te tene paMjAbane viMdhyA sivAya cAlatuM ja nathI. A pramANe rAjakIya najare yuropanI daSTimAM kAzmira karatAM paMjAbanI aga- tyatA vizeSa kahevAze. bAkI hidanI uttaranA pradezo aMgenI rAjakIya daSTie bhale kAzmiranI agatyatA meTI aMkAtI heya. kudarate bakSelI A sauMdayatA tathA bIjI navAjezone lIdhe hiMda upara anekanA DoLA karavakara thaI rahyA kare che te vAta paNa sAcI jaNAI Ave che. tyAM te eka jAya ne bIjo AvIne ubhe ja che tevI sthiti banI rahI che. irAnIe pachI yavane AvyA. te gayA ne na AvyA. te gayA ne harATe kanja lIdho. vaLI te gayA te InDIpArthIana AvyA. temaNe uThAMgiri lIdhI te vaLI prajAe potAnuM bhAvI ajamAvyuM. ema uttarottara eka pachI eka prajAnuM kSetra te banI rahyuM che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Jui[TINI[ MIRI IIIIIIIIIII.Nil:." * *;* * * navama pariracheda paradezI AkramaNakAre (cAlu) (4)zaka-sithiyansa, Insesithiyansa saMkSipta sAra-mi. thomase jene sena-siMha-ke zAhIvaMzI rAjAe gaNAvyA hatA, te koNa tathA temane samAveza sithiyansa yA InDasithiyansamAM karI zakAya ke kema tenI karI Apela cokhavaTa-saurASTranA zAhI rAjAo ane bIjI tarapha zahenazAhI tarIke oLakhAtA rAjAo, te banne vaccenI ApelI samajUti-atyArasudhI aMdhAre paDelA zAhIvaMzI rAjAonI ApelI oLakha-kayA rAjAo sithiyansa ane kayA rAjAo IDesithiyansa kahevAya tenuM ApeluM spaSTIkaraNa-mULamaMDANathI ApIe zakaprajAne Apela ItihAsa-temanAM aneka TeLAonAM bhinna bhinna samaye tathA bhinna bhinna dizAmAM thayelAM saraNonuM temaja anukamavAra thayela vikAsanuM ApeluM varNanakharI zakaprajA keNa te bheda nahIM pArakhavAthI hiMdI ItihAsane vidvAnoe karela keTaleka anyAya

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pariccheda ] sithiyansa ( 3 ) zaka-sithiyansa inDA sithiyansa hiMdu upara AkramaNa karanArI cAra prajAmAMthI ekaTrIansa ( yAna ), kSaharATa, ane pa vAjha-pArthIansa--A pramANe traNa prajA hevAla yathAmati ApaNe joi gayA chIe. have ceAthI prajA je zaka che tenuM yathAzakti varNana karIzuM. ApaNe joi zakayA hoizu ke, uparanI je traNa prajAnA varNAnukrama geAThavyA che te pramANe temanA itihAsazodhananAM kAnI saraLatA-vira LatA mAlUma paDI. che. jayAre zakaprajAne je sauthI chellI rAkhavI paDI che tenuM eka kAraNa e paNa che ke, tenuM varNana karavuM, zeAdhana karavuM te sa karatAM vizeSa dudhaTa kA che. jema pAthI ansa ane inDIpAthI ansa banne zabdo eka ja prajAvAcaka zabdo che; mAtra temanA vastisthAna paratve teo bhinna pradezI gaNAya che.teja pramANe zaka-siciansa ane inDAsithia nsanuMpaNa samajI levuM: teTale darajje bannenuM sAmya che. te uparAMta anne vacce eka bIjI sAmyatA paNa che. jema pAIansa athavA pavAjhanI sAthe pAvAjhanuM mizraNa itihAsakAroe karI nAMkhIne gATALA UbhA karyAM che, tema sithiasa--zakanI sAthe caNuvaMzI kSatrA je taddana anya sthAnIya ja prajA che tenI oLakhanI paNa seLabheLa karI nAMkhI, mATI muzkelIe vahArI lIdhI che. AthI karIne te banne vizenI samajutI ekI ja sAthe ApavI te ucita gaNAze. paNa uparamAM ApaNe joyuM che ke, pArthI ansA temanA mULa vatana irAnanI sImA bahAra gayela na heAvAthI temanuM varjuna A bhAratIya itihAsamAM samAveza karavAnI-levAnI jarUrata nahAtI paDI; paraMtu inDopAthI ansA hiMdamAM Avela hovAthI mAtra ( 1 ) jIe ja. rU|. e. sA. pu. 12 sane 1850 pR. 1 thI 63 [ eTale A lekha pragaTa thayAne Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat temanuM vana karavuM paDayuM hatuM. jyAre AgaLa upara joizuM ke, sithianse ane inDasithianse bannee hiMdamAM AvIne amuka samaya payaMta rAjavahIvaTa calAvyA che tyAre tA ApaNe te banneneA itihAsa AlekhavA rahe che. teTale darajje bhAratIya itihAsanA aMge pAthI ansa ane sithiansanI bhinnatA samajI levI, vaLI caNa kSatrapAne keTalAka samaya sudhI zAhava'zI ke siMha-senava'zI rAjA tarIke gaNavAmAM AvatA hatA ane tema karI temane zAhI rAjA ' nAmathI sakhe!dhAtA. rAjavazIe sAthe bheLavI na MkhAyA hatA. A sarva gu McAnA nikAla atre ApavA dhArUM chuM, prathama temanI oLakha vigere anya hakIkata chUTI pADavAnuM kArya upADIzuM ane te bAda temanA rAjAnAM jIvanavRttAMta lakhIzuM. A pramANe temanA paNa e paricchede karIzu. te sarve bhinna bhinna prajA che eTalu prathama sAbita karI ApIe. te karyAM bAda te darekamAM kaI kaI vyaktionI gaNanA itihAsakArAe karI che te batAvIzuM'. eTale ApaNA dhaNAkharA mA sugama thai jaze. te sarve zabdamAM ahIM cAra prakAranI prajA lekhavAnI cheH (1)siziansa, (2)inDenA sithiansa, (3)zAha-sena ke siMhaeNvaMzI rAjA(4) ane zAhIvaMzI rAjAe. A cAra- mAMthI zAhavaMzI rAjAonI tapAsa prathama karI laie. te sarvenI bhinnatA dhI zAha kIjha eka sArASTra ' nAmane eka lekha bahu jUnA vakhatamAM prasiddha thayA che. lekhanA saMpAdaka prasiddha abhyAsaka mi, eDaAje 75 uparAMta va thayAM kahevAya. [ paNa A pustaka prasiddha thAya che tyAre 80 varSa thayAM kahevAze, ] www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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334 sithiyansa ane [ navama va mAsa che. jo ke A nibaMdha bahu ja jUne che. vaLI te lakhAyA pachI, te Akho viSaya zodhAIne sAbita paNa thaI gayuM che ke, A zAha rAjAo caNavaMzI kSatrapono eka uttara bhAga che, chatAM tenuM asalapaNuM hoya ema svIkArIne atra carcA karavAnI IcchA thAya che. tenAM aneka kAraNa che (1) jema keI vAtane sAra meLavavAmAM, tenI tarapheNanA ane virUddhanA muddAonI tAravaNI karatAM, keTaleka AnaMda maLe che tema ja keI keivAra navI navI bAbate ajavALAmAM Ave che, te ja pramANe saMzodhana kArya paNa ghaNuM aTapaTuM hoI, eka vakhata chaNAI gayela viSayanI carcA upADatAM temAMthI aneka navIna to hAtha lAgI Ave che. (2) A zAhavaMzI rAjAo jemane ca9NavaMzI tarIke have oLakhavAnuM Thare che temane Adi samaya i. sa. nI pahelI sadInI Akharane gaNAya che. jyAre tenA jevA ja bIjA bhaLatA rAjavaMzI tarIke nahapANa kSatrapanA vaMzane lekha- vyA che, ane tene samaya i. sa. pU. 74 mAM pUre thato ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale A be samayanI vacce lagabhaga doDhaso varSa uparAtanuM je aMtara paDI gayuM che te samaya daramyAna A saurASTranA pradeza upara konI sattA cAlatI hatI te zodhavuM rahe che. jo ke eTaluM te sAbita thayuM che ja ke, te prAMta upara avaMtipatinI temaja aMdhrapatinI sattAnI zeha keTaloka kALa paDatI hatI. paNa te zeha te sarva kALa sudhI paDatI hatI, ke zehane sthAne sarvathA prakAranI sattA paNa temanI ja hatI. te jANavAnI jarUra che ja; kemake te koI vastune haju sudhI pAke pAye nirNaya thaye jaNAto nathI. (3) upara darzAvela nahapAnA jamAI RSabhadatta tathA tenA putranuM, temaja temanI AkhI zaka prajAnuM', AkharI pariNAma te TheTha gautamIputra zAtakaraNInA samaye-I. sa. 78 mAM AvyAnuM zilAlekha AdhAre jaNAyuM che, te te I. sa. pU 74 thI I. sa. 78 sudhInA 150 varSa sudhI te prajA kyA bhAga upara potAnI haiyAtI bhogavatI paDI hatI te paNa itihAsanI daSTie zodhavAnI jarUra che. (4) vaLI sauthI agatyanI vastue che ke, RSabhadatta ke tenA putra ane vaMzajonuM koI prakAre AlekhAyeluM etihAsika varNana kayAMya haju sudhI maLatuM nathI te tenuM paNa nirUpaNa karI zakAya. (5) vaLI itihAsanA vivecakAnuM lakSa kheMcavA jevI je eka bAbata temAMthI taravarI Ave che te batAvavAnI agatyatA paNa dIsI Ave che. temaja zAhI rAjAo sAthe ca9Na vaMzIne bheLavI devA te paNa eka rIte bhAratIya itihAsane vikRta banAvI devA jevuM kahevAya. amuka bAbatamAM pitAne samajaNa na paDe te te samaye mauna sevavuM (2) I. sa. 78 mAM AraMbha thayAnuM vidvAne e mAnyuM che tethI meM tene pahelI sadInI Akhara tarIke ahIM jaNAvyuM che. bAkI mArI gaNatrI pramANe haju tenAthI kAMIka AgaLa Ave che. tenI carcA pustaka 4 thAnA aMte karavAmAM AvI che te juo. (3) juo 35ramAM tenuM jIvanavRttAMta. (4) te RSabhadattane tathA tenA sasarA nahapANane ItihAsakAroe zaka prajAnA hevAnuM jaNAvyuM che; tethI te zabda ahIM meM vAparyo che. (5) juo gAtamIputra zAtakaraNanI mAtA rANIzrI baLazrIe kotarAvela nAsikane zilAlekhaH jenI carcA ApaNe zAtavAhana vaMzanA varNana karatI vakhate karavI paDaze.

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paricheda ] InDe siziasanI samaja 335 bahetara che, paNa oDanuM ceDa bharaDI mAravuM tema te kadApi thavuM na ja joIe. AvAM anekavidha kAraNothI A carvitacUrNa thayela viSayanA vivAdamAM keTaleka aMze utaravuM paDe che. lekhaka mahAzaye pR. 48 upara jaNAvyuM che 3--" Thirteen Sab Kings, all date in the 4th century of what may be assumed to refer to the Sri Harsh era 457 B. C =saghaLA tere zAha rAjAone samaya cothI sadIno che. jeno saMvata I. sa. pU. 457 ne manAte zrI harSa saMvata kadAca dhArI zakAya." A pramANe lakhIne kasamAM tenI sAme From B. C. 167 to B. C. 57=I. sa. pU. 157 thI i. sa. pU. 57 " nI sAla ApI che. temanAM kathanamAMnI banne vAtane sumeLa bhale atyAranI gaNatrIe te khAta nathI; kAraNa ke (1) temane IrAde zrI harSa eTale kanoja pati harSavardhana levAnuM hoya che, tenA saMvatanI zarUAta i. sa. 6a3 thI thaI gaNAya che, ane tenI cothI sadI eTale I. sa. nI dazamI sadI thAya. (2) athavA te kALe (lekha lakhAyo te samaye ) upa- ranA ja zrI harSane ke bIjA koI zrI harSano (1) A AMkaDe temaNe zI rIte nIpajavI kADhayo che te jaNAvyuM nathI. paNa saMbhava che ke, DImeTrIasa ane minenDaranA rAja amalanuM anusaMdhAna meLavavAnI kalpanA temaNe ghaDI kADhI hoya (juo nIcenI TI. naM. 9) (7) ja. je. e. sa. pu. 12, pR. 44 TI. naM. 1 The original sri Harsha commencing 457 B. c.=mULe zrI harSanI Adi I. sa. pU. 457 che. [mArUM TIpaNa-vikrama saMvatasaranA sthApaka vIra vikramAdityane vaza jenI Adi i. sa. pU. 453 mAM che te sAlanI lagabhaga A I. sa. pU. 457 nI sAla che; ane harSavardhananuM nAma paNa keTalAke vikramAditya saMvata I. sapU. 457 mAM zarU thayAnuM manAtuM hoya te tevI gaNatrIthI tenI cothI zatAbdi gaNatAM= I.sa pU. 457 mAMthI 700 varSa bAda karIe ke jethI zatAbdi zarU thaI kahevAya) I. sa. pU. 157 thI mAMDIne I. sa. pU. 57 sudhInA eka so varSanA gALAmAM A tere zAha rAjAo thayA hatA ema teo pitAne abhiprAya jAhera kare che. A nibaMdhamAM jaNAvela vicAranuM tAraNa sara kaniMgahAmeTa nIcenA zabdamAM vyakta karyuM che " The epoch of the Sab Kings (See Mr. Thomas' Essay P. 46) of surashtra is fixed between B. C. 157 and B, C. 57. & he places the Indo-Scythians between the Sah and the Guptas= surASTranA zAha rAjAo (juo mi. themAsane nibaMdha, pR. 4pa)no samaya temaNe I. sa. pU.1579 ane 57nI 10 vacce TharAvyo che; tema ja zAha (rAjAo) ane (guNavaMzI rAjAo)nI vacce InDasithiansa (caNavaMzI kSatri) thayAnuM te jaNAve che." eTale ke pahelAM zAha rAjAo thayA che, pachI isithiansa thayA che (jemaNe I. sa. pU. 26 mAM saurASTra jItI lIdhAnuM teo mAne che) ane te tarIke gaNAvyuM che eTale A be kalpanAne ane kadAca temaNe harSa saMvatane samaya I. sa. pU. 457 lekhe hoya to saMbhavita gaNAya.] (8) juo temaNe raceluM "dhI silsA Tesa" nAmanuM pustaka pR. 146. (9) na saradAra minenDaranuM maraNa I. sa. 5. 157 mAM thayuM hovAnuM gaNIne kadAca A sAla temaNe lakhI kADhI hoya. (juo uparanI TI. naM. 6.) (10) vIra vikramAditya e zakAri vikramAditya tarIke jagaprasiddha thaye che tenA saMvatanI AdinI A sAla gaNAya che.

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336 sithiansa ane [ navama bAda guptavaMzI rAjAo thayA che. A pramANe ma themAsanuM maMtavya jaNAvI pitAno abhi- prAya jaNAvatAM lakhyuM che ke-Sah alphabet is certainly posterior to the Sanchi inscriptions. It agrees with the period which I ( Sir Cunningham ) assign to it from A. D. 222 ( The begining of the Indo-Scy. tbian decline ) to A. D. 380, the ac cession of Samudragupta=wizna lekhenA (samrATa priyadarzinanA samayanA 11 muLAkSara karatAM zAha rAjAnA (zilAlekhenA) mULAkSare meDA samayanA che. huM (sara kaniMgahAma) tene samaya I. sa. 222 thI (je InDo sithiyananI paDatIne samaya che tyAMthI) mAMDIne samudraguptanA rAjyAbhiSekane samaya je i. sa. 38* che te benI vaccene TharAvuM chuM. A hakIkatane uparanuM kathana barAbara maLatuM thAya che. ATaluM bolIne potAnA maMtavyanA samarthanamAM pAchI dalIla kare12 che ke-" From A. D. 250 I ( Sir Cunningham) would date the independence of the Sah Kings and the issue of their silver coins, which was a direct copy in weight and partly in type from the Philo pater drachmas of Apollodotus... .. The author of the Periplus of Ery. throean Sea, who lived between 117 and 180 A. D. states that an. cient drachmas of Apollodotus and of Menander were then current at Barygaza. This prologed currency of the Greek drachmas points directly to the period of the Indo-Scythian rule=I. sa. pU. 250 thI zAha rAjAnI svataMtratA ane temanA rUperI sikkAnI zarUAta thayAnuM huM lekhuM chuM. te siMdaDAo epiloDaTasanA phalemeTara sikakAnI kaMIka aMze vajanamAM ane kaMika aMze bhAtamAM khullI rIte nalarUpe che. ( ATaluM lakhIne pachI epeloDaTasanA samaya vize jaNAve che ke, "erIthroyana samudravALe parIplasa' (purata)ne kartA, je I. sa. 117 ane 180 vacce thaye che te lakhe che ke epileDeTasanA ane minenDaranA jUnA sikkAo berIgAjhA(bharUca baMdara)mAM te samaye cAlatA hatA. grIka sikkAonuM calaNa je ATalo lAMbo vakhata cAlu rahyuM hatuM te khullI rIte batAve che ke (tyAre paNa) inDe sithiyana hakumatanI asara hatI." eTale uparanI dalIlathI pite ema samajAvavA mAMge che ke, A zAha rAjAonA sikkAo ghaNe darajaje minenDarane ane epeleDeTasanA sikakAne maLatA Ave che. vaLI A minenDaranA sikkAo parIksanA graMthakAre jAte joyA che. tene samaya 117 thI 180 ne che. eTale je sikkAo 180 sudhI cAlatA hatA tenI nakalanA sikkA heya, te te i. sa. 180 pachInA ja kahI zakAya. A uparathI zAha rAjAne samaya te I. sa. rarara TharAve che ke je samayathI cakaNa vaMzanI paDatIno prAraMbha thayAnuM gaNAvAya che. A upache ema A baMne vidvAnonAM maMtavyathI puravAra thAya che. (12) jue "dhI bhillA Tesa" nAmanuM pustaka 5, 149, (11) A mArI mAnyatA che, kemake sAMcInA leone mukhya bhAga priyadarzinanA samaye UbhA karAvyAnuM meM sAbita karyuM che. juo tenA vRttAMte. ane te kathana satya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricacheda ]. InDo sithiyansanI samaja 367 rathI ema thayuM ke, sara kaniMgahAmanA mate, prathama minenDara, pachI zAha13 rAjAne vaMza ane pachI guptavaMza; jyAre mi. themAsanA mata pramANe, prathama 14zAharAjAo pachI ca9Na vaMza ane te bAda guptavaMza thaye che. A pramANe bane vidvAnonI dalIle che. temAM keTaluM satya bhareluM che te ApaNe vicArIe. prathama sara kaniMgahAmanI dalIla laIe. temanI dalIla e che ke, lipinA akSaro nihA- LatAM zAharAjAnA sikakAnI lipinA akSaro arvAcIna che; jyAre sAMcItUpanI lipi prAcIna che. A sAMcItUpane mahArAjA priyadarzinanI kRtirUpe ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale zAharAjAne samaya I. sa. pU. 250 pachIne thayo gaNAya. bIjo muddo e che ke, zAharAjAnA sikkA minenDaranA sikkAne maLatA che. ane zAha rAjAnA sikkA je vyakti I. sa. 117 thI 18 mAM haiyAta hatI teNe najaronajara joyA che. eTale te tAtparya ema thayuM ke, zAharAjAno samaya te vyaktinI haiyAti pahelAM khatama thaI ja joIe; nahIM ke te vyaktinI haiyAti pachI, (13) zAharAna eTale cazmaNa vaMzanA rAjAo ema kahevAne bhAvArtha che. (14) ahIM zAharAo eTale rUSabhadattanA vaMzanA rAjAo ema kahevAne bhAvArtha che (15) ja. ra. e. . pu. 12. pR. 45-It is generally held that Demetrius invaded India, sometime closely anterior to, if not contemporaneously with, the date above suggested, as that of the establishment of the Sab dynasty of Gujerat. gujarAtanA zAhavaMzanI sthApanAne je samaya upara batAvI gayA chIe tenI barAbaranA samaye, athavA to tenAthI keTaloka vakhata agAu DImeTrIame hiMda bAkI eTaluM siddha thayuM samajavuM ke, jyAre te sikakA minenDaranA sikakAnI nakalarUpe banAvAyA che tyAre te sikkA minenDaranA samaya bAda ja paDAvAyA hovA joIe. eTale A bIjA muddAnI tAravaNI ema batAve che ke, minenDarane samaya je ApaNe i. sa. pU. 159 gaNyo che te bAda eTale ke I. sa. pU.1595 ane i. sa. 117 nI vacce gALAnA piNAtraNaso varSamAM zAha rAjAo thavA joIe. temanI prathamanI dalIlane bhAvArtha paNa e ja AvI rahe che. - have mi. themAsanI dalIla upara vicAra calAvIe. tenuM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke, zAharAjAne samaya i. sa. pu. 157 thI 17 sudhI che, ane A chellA AMkane paNa te nizcitapaNe na gaNAvatAM "Azare " hevAnuM jaNAvI tene I. sa. pU. 26 jaNAvavAnuM valaNa batAve che; kemake te ema mAne che ke, te vakhate zAha rAjAenI paDatI thaI che ane InDasithiansane vaMza astitvamAM Avyo che. matalaba ke, 157 thI 26 sudhInA savAso varSanA gALAmAM te vaMzanA tera rAjAo11thayA hovAnuM te mAne che, upara caDAI karI hatI ema sAmAnya mAnyatA che, (zAha eTale rUSabhadatta ahIM samajavAne che.). (16) ja. re. e. se. pu. 12, pR. 49 caMda rAjanAM nAma A pramANe ApyA che. (1) izvaradatta (varSane putra) (2) rUddhazAha (siMha) svAmI chavarAmano putra (3) AsadAmana ... , naM. (4) dAmazAha .. * * (5) vijaya zAha , na. (6) vIradAma * (7) dAmanatapriya (8) rUddhazAha (bI) ... (9) vizvasiMha - Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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338 sithiyansa ane jemanAM nAma A sAthenA TIpaNamAM utAryA che. mi mAsanI dalIlomAM kAMI DhaMgadhaDe dekhAte A nAmomAM meTA bhAganI saMkhyAnA aMtyA nathI. jethI tene paDatI mUkavI te ja zreyas che. kSare, zAha, dAmana ane siMha, jevAM hovA chatAM, te mATe sara kaniMgahAme karelI dalIlanI zreNI keTalIka vicitra dalIle goThavI temane guptavaMzI upara pAchA vaLavuM rahyuM. temanA ane mi. resahovAnuM-hiMdI olAdanA-jaNAve che. paraMtu vizeSa nanA matano sAra kADhatAM jaNAya che ke (1) zAha zodhakhoLathI pAchaLanA tera rAjAo, temanA rAjAone samaya minenDara bAda (eTale I. sa. nAmanA thoDA najIvA pheraphAra sAthe, caNavaMzI pU. 158 bAda) ane I. sa. 117nI pUrvenA hevAnuM TharAvAyuM che. vaLI TheTha prathamanA ane naM. paNuM traNa varSanA gALAmAM che (2) temanuM 2 nI vacce, te nathI batAvAte keI sagapaNa vatana hiMdanI bahAranuM che (3) tathA teo ca8saMbaMdha ke nathI batAvAtuM temanA koI nAmanI vaMzI kSatrapothI thoDA aMze judA paDatA che. sAthe sAmyapaNuM. jyAre mi. resana je sikkAne vaLI mi. resana tathA tenA matane maLatA abhyAsI te eTale sudhI paNa jaNAve che17 ke- thanArAo te eTale sudhI mAnatA Ave che ". The coin legends of Ishwardatta ke, IzvaradattavALA A zAhavaMzI rAjAo differs from those of the Western saurASTravAsI te che ja; paNa vizeSamAM, Kshatrapas in recording the regnal saurASTranA (jUnAgaDhamAM) je rAvaMzI Abhira year and omitting the patronymics= rAjAo thayA che temanA pUrvaja tarIke paNa IzvaradattanA sikakAnuM lakhANu kSatrapa sikkAothI te ja hevA joie. A bAbatamAM bhinna che ke temAM ( IzvaradattanA A pramANe jyAre temane samaya ane sikkAmAM) rAjayaamalanA ATalAmAM varSe ema sthAna tathA keTaleka aMze oLakha paNa nakkI lakhyuM che, tathA pitRkuLanI oLakha paDatI mUka- thayAM che tyAre vizeSa hakIkatane patto maLI Ave vAmAM AvI che. eTale ke, caNavaMzI ane Izvara- che ke kema te have tapAsIe. bhAratIya itihAsanA dattanA sikkAnI sarakhAmaNI karIne18 batAvyuM ApaNu jJAnathI jANIe chIe ke, uparamAM che ke, bane eka vaMzanA nathI ja. A pramANe nirdiSTa thayelA paNuM traNaso varSamAM saurASTra (10) rUdrazAha (trIne).... , naM. 8 , che te jaNAvAyuM che. jyAre izvaradattanA sikkAmAM te batAvAyuM (11) atridAma , , naM. 8 , nathI ja. (A) tema cazmaNavaMzImAM amuka sAlaja apAya (12) vizvazAha... . naM. 11 , che jyAre IzvaradattanA sikkAmAM mArA rAja amale A(13) svAmI rUdradAma-sikkA ja nathI TalAmAM varSe ema lakhAyuM hoya che. A be muddAthI temanA (14) svAmI rUdrazAha (cotho) naM. 13 . sikkA judA paDI jAya che ane tethI temane eka ja vaMzanA A sarvenAM nAma tathA eka bIjAne saMbaMdha te TharAvI nathI zakAtA. eTale ke sikkAnI oLakha darekanA je je sikkA maLI AvyA che tene abhyAsa mATekarIne temaNe tAravI kADhayA che. (1) IzvaradattavALAmAM rAjyaamala nA amuka varSe. (17) ke. A. ke. prastAvanA mR. 191. (2) caThaNavALAmAM phalANAne putra tathA sAla. (18) ema kahevA mAge che ke, (a) aThavaMzI (3) nahapANavALAmAM mAtra saMvatasaranI sAla. sikkAomAM haMmezA amuka rAja sAthe pitAne zuM saMbaMdha upara pramANe muddAnuM dhyAna rAkhavA sUcana thAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] InDe sithiyanI samaja 329 --- - -- -- -- upara cAra rAjasattAne amala thavA pAmyo che. (1) gabhIlavaMzI (je atyArasudhI itihAsamAM bahu prasiddha thayela nathI paNa A trIjA pusta- kanA aMte temanuM jIvana ALekhIzuM) (2) ane AMdhravaMzI-sAtakaraNa rAjAoH A be hiMdI rAjasattAo che jyAre bIjI be ahiMdI rAja sattAo che; jemake (3) zaka jAtinA (Indo- Scythians) rUSabhadata (je nahapANane jamAI thAya che tathA jenuM nAma nAsikanA zilAlemAM mazahura thayela che) ne vaMza ane (4) cakaNane vaMzaH ahIM ApaNe hiMdI rAjavaMzane te bAtala rAkhavAne che; kemake zAhavaMzI rAjAonuM vatana hiMda bahAranuM hovAnuM jaNa- vAyuM che. eTale be ahiMdI rAjasattAne ja vicAra kara rahe che. temAM vaLI cakaNavaMzane tyajI devo rahe che, kemake upara jaNAvI gayA pramANe zAha rAjAo cakaNuvaMzathI judA paDI jAya che. Ama eka pachI ekane bAda karatAM jatAM, bAkI rahyo mAtra eka ja vaMza; ane te che nahapAnA jamAI rUSabhadattane. eTale nirvivAditapaNe kahI zakAze ke, te zAhI rAjAo bIjA kaI ja nahIM, paNa rUSabhadattanA vaMzajo ane vArasadAre ja che. vaLI tenI khAtrI paNa ApaNane nIcenAM pramANothI maLI Ave che. (1) zAha rAjAonAM prathama purUSanuM nAma mi themA- sanA jaNAvyA pramANe ( juo TIpaNa naM. 16 mAM te sarvenAM nAme) Izvaradata che; jyAre nahapAnA jamAInuM nAma uSabhadAna ane pAchaLathI rUSabhadatta thayAnuM ApaNane jaNAyuM che. vaLI A rUSabhadata tathA tene sAsare nahapANu (juo tenA sikkA tathA jIvanavRttAMta) temaja sarve kSaharATa kSatrapa jaina dharma pALatA hatA. vaLI jaina dharmanA Adi dharmapravartakanuM nAma AdIzvara athavA rUSabhadeva che. tema hiMduomAM pitAnA dharma pracAraka purUSane-ISTadevane-Izvara tarIke ja haMmezAM manAya che. eTale pitAnA dharma gurUnA anuyAyI tarIke pitAne te rUSabhadattanA ke IzvaradattanA nAmathI oLakhAve te svabhAvika ja che. (2) A rUSabhadatta pite "zaka' prajAne khAnadAna gRhastha hevAnuM jaNAve che.20 vaLI A zaka prajA keTalAya kALathI hiMdamAM AvIne vaselI hovAthI teo InDo-sithiansa kahevAtA; jayAre je asala hatA te pite sithiansa kahevAtA. A sidhiane pitAne "zahenazAhI"=21 zAhI prajAnA zahenazAha eTale ke zaka prajAnA sarve nAnA moTA jamInadAranA uparI tarIke lekhAvatA; jethI tenI sarakhAmaNImAM, A rUSabhadattane vaMza pitAne "zAhI" nAmathI ke TUMku nAma "zAha" kahIne oLakhAve temAM navAI pAmavA jevuM ke zaMkA uThAvavA jevuM (19) athavA Izvaradattane rUSabhadattanA pitA tarIke gaNavo hoya te paNa baMdhabesatuM Ave che, kemake rUSabhadattanA pitAnuM nAma dinika jaNAvyuM che. eTale te nAma kadAca Izvaradattane pAchalo bhAga je datta tenuM apabhraMza thaIne dattamAMthI datta ane pachI dinika ke dattaka thaI gayuM hoya athavA lipi UkelanAranI bhUla paNa thaI heya. (20) jue nAsikane zilAlekha naM. 3ra (ke. A. ke. prastAvanA pR. 58). (21) avaMtipati gabhIlane harAvavA kAlikasUri nAme jenAcArye siMdhanI pelI pAra jaIne je thaka prajane pote teDI lAvyA hatA te zahenazAhe zAhI ja kahevAtA. A vizeno AdhakAra gardabhIla vaMzanA vRttAMtamAM jaNAvavAmAM Avaze. matalaba ke, rAhenazAha=King of Kings te IrAnane rahenazAha ane zahenazAhe zAhI eTale zistAna prAMtamAM vasatI zaka prajane zahenazAha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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340 paNa kAM nathI ja. (3) rUSabhadattanA samaya paNa barAbara khesatA ja Ave che; kemake minenDaranI pachI bhramaka thayA che; te bAda tene putra naha pANu ane tenA samasamayI tarIke A rUSabhadatta che. vaLI rUSabhadatta ane nahapANunA jJAtijanA je I. sa. 78 mAM12 saurASTramAM haiyAta hatA te sarvene gAtamIputra zAtakaraNIe harAvIne kacara dhANa kADhI nAMkhyA che27 te hakIkata zilAlekha AdhAre vidita che. eTale ke rUSabhadattanA vaMzanA samaya je ApaNe i. sa. pU. 74 thI 4 I. sa. 78 sudhInA doDhasA varSanA TharAvIe chIe te paNa mi. thAmAsanA kathanane AdhArabhUta thAya che. vaLI A dADhasA vanA gALAmAM terathI cauda ke eka khe echAvadhatA rAjAo25 gAdI upara AvI zake te banAva paNa svAbhAvika ja che. A pramANe dareke dareka rIte tapAsatAM ane sapramANa purAvAothI cakAsI jotAM, jo ApaNane satASa maLe che to pachI, nizcayarUpe tema mAnI levAmAM, leza mAtra paNa sadAca khAvAnuM kAraNa rahetuM nathI. TharAvela [ mArU' TIpaNa:--mi. thAmAse zAha rAjA te have caRNuvaMzanA kSatrapeA hevAnu siddha thaI cUkayu che, paNa jema eka vakhata temane ' zAha ' ne badale ' siMha ' vAMcIne A badhAne 'siMhaeNvaMzI ' rAjA tarIke oLakhAvAtA tema kadAca - zAhI rAjAe 'tevA ( 12 ) mArI gaNatrImAM A che. paNa tenI carcAnuM A sthAna AMka ja ahIM utAryo che. te banne prajAnI samaya judo Ave nathI, eTale te (23 ) zilAlekhamAM teA mAtra hakIkata ja che: paNa tenA samaya I. sa. 789 vidvAnAe gAThavI batAvyA che, eTale ahIM tene utAryo che. bAkI temAM pheraphAra karavA paDe tema che. te viSaya AgaLa upara hAtha dharavAmAM Avaro, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama zabdaprayAga mi. thAmAsane kaNgAcara thaye paNa hoya; ane tenI zodhamAM nIkaLatAM A zAharAjAneA vaza'26 hAtha AvI gayA hAya. eTale ekane badale khIjAne te dhArI lai te pramANe gaNAvavAmAM te leAbhAI gayA paNa hAya. bAkI zAhI rAjA eTale rUSabhadattanA vaMzaveleA samajavA. A rUSabhadattane vaza cAlyeA hateA ke kema tevA abhiprAya haju sudhI krAi pratihAsakArAe darzAvyA ke nathI tema vicA e lAgatA nathI. eTale te khAkhatamAM AgaLa vadhavAne kAM prayAsa sevyA hoya tema te ane ja kyAMthI ? AvAM aneka kAraNeAthI-navInatAnI daSTie-paNa A viSaya jarA laMbANuthI meM carcI che. evI icchAthI ke anya koi A viSayane upADI lai te upara vizeSa prakAza pheke.] ahIM je cAra prajAnI vicAraNA karavAnI hatI temAMthI khenI-zAhavazInI ane zAhIvaMzInI samajUti karI cUkayA. have bAkInI khenI-sidhiansanI ane inDa phiziansanI karavI rahI. prathamanI be prajA krANu hatI te kA` temanAM nAma uparathI chUTuM pADavAnuM paNa muzkela hatu. eTale tenA vize carcAnI jarUra hatI. jyAre ahIM sithiansa ane inDA siciansa te e nAme koNa sithi ansa ane kANa inDI siziansa ( 24) jIe have pachInA paricchede tenuM jIvanavRttAMta, (25) mi. thAmAsanA matavya pramANe zAhurAjAe tairanI saMkhyAmAM thayA hAvAthI ( jue uparamAM pR. 337 nI hakIkata ) A AMka darzAA che. (26) zAha ( kharUM nAma teA siMha che) rAjA te caRNa kSatrapanA va'za ane zAhI rAja te RSabhadattanA vaMza ema samajavuM, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] evAM spaSTa ane sIdhAM che ke vivAdamAM utaravA jevu' rahetuM ja nathI. ekane zistAnamAMnI27 asala jAti kahevAya ane khIjIne, te asalajAti je prajA hiMdamAM AvIne vasI hatI te kahevAya; athavA IMgrejI zabdo na vAparavA hoya te asalavALIne ' zaka ' ane hiMdamAM vaselIne * hiMdIzaka ' kahevAya. ATale darare to mAtara ja che; paNa jema zAhavaza ane zAhI vaMzamAM koNa thayA hatA te zodhI kaDhAyu' che tema ahIM te zaka ane diIzakamAM koNa koNa gaNI zakAya te zeAdhavAnu kAya upADavAnuM che. 1 je paradezI prajA pazcimamAMthI-eTale yurepa taraphathI-hiMdamAM AvI hatI temanI oLakha saheje paDI jatI hAvAthI te sarvene pAzcAtya vidyAnA cAkhA nAmathI sakheAdhye gayA che. jema ke grIkasa, ekaTrIansa i. 4. paNa je prajAnuM udbhavasthAna eziyAnI bhUmimAM hatu te saMbaMdhI temanu jJAna parimita haiAvAthI temanI oLakha batAvavAmAM bhUle ja khAyA karI che; ane sadhaLIte29 temaNe siciansa ane inDA sithi ansamAM gaNI lIdhI cheH jemakre mAjhIjha ( je pArthAansa che ), kSatrapa caNu ( je anya prajA ja che ) nahapANu ane bhUbhaka (je kSaharATa sAbita thayA che ) che. aneka dRSTAMto ApI zakAya tema che. eTale temanAM kathana uparathI te viSayamAM ApaNane kAMi pAkI dAravaNI maLe te banavAjoga nathI, jethI anya sAdhana tarapha najara vyaktionI oLakha (27) A zakaprajAnuM utpattisthAna che ( jIe pR. 144. ) (28) jIe uparanA pArigrAnA aMta bhAganuM mAruM TIpaNuM. ( 29 ) A hakIkata te te praznanAM vRttAMte dAkhalA dalIle| ApI sAbita karI batAvAyu che. mATe tyAM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 341 doDAvavI rahe che. rUSabhadatte kAtarAvela nAsika zilAlekhamAM peAtAnI jAtine zaka tarIke. oLakhAvI che. eTale te hakIkata tA nAphera tarIke ja lekhI zakAya. have ApaNe tene zaka kahevA ke hiMdI zaka kahevA eTaluM ja zeAdhI kADhavu` rahyuM. zaka ane hiMdI zaka te banne zabdo ja ApoApa potAnI sthiti batAvI Ape che ke, je prajA zaka hoya paNa hiM damAM vasI rahI haiAya tene hiMdI zaka tarIke ja saMkheAdhI zakAya. ane rUSabhadattanA jIvanavRttAMta uparathI 1 samajI zakAya che ke itihAsamAM te jANIto thayA che. tyAra pahelAM to te hiMdumAM praveza paNa karI cUkayeA hato--balke keTaleAka vakhata vasavATa paNa karI rahyo hato-te bAda ja jAheramAM AvyA che. eTale te sthitimAM tene hiMdIzakanI vyAkhyA ja lAgu paDe cheH vaLI AgalA pArigrAphamAM kahI gayA chIe ke tenA vaMzane zAhIvaMza tarIke oLakhI zakAya OM A uparathI ema paNa nakkI thayu` ke, hiMdI zaka nAmanI je prajA, teja zAhI vaMzanA rAjAe che. A pramANe cAramAMnI traNa prajA bAbatane Ukela thai gayA kahevAya. have asala vatanavALI zaka prajAnI vicAraNA ja karavI rahI. asala vatana to hiMdIzakanuM temaja zakanu antanu ekaja che; phera eTalA ja ke bhAratIya itihAsamAM temanI noMdha jyAre levAI, tyAre ja temanuM Agamana temanA vatanamAMthI prathama thayuM hAvuM joie: te jI. (30 ) nu uparanI TI, na. 20 nI hakIkata * 31 ) prasa MgeApAta tenA jIvanane keTaleka bhAga nahapANanA vRttAMtamAM lakhAye che: bAkI tenu' svataMtra vRttAMta A pustakamAM have pachI navamA paricchede apAyuM che te jIe, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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342 pahelAMthI jo thai gayuM hoya to temane hiMdI zaka tarIke ja lekhavA paDe. vaLI AvI prazna koI che ke kema tenA jo patto lAgI jAya to te praznanA Ukela paNa Ape|Apa AvI jAya. k upara TI. na. 21 mAM tathA tene lagatI hakIkatamAM ApaNe ' zAhI 'ane zahenazAhe zAhI ' evA e zabdanA prayAga thayela jaNAvyA che. temAMnA ' zAhI ' tarIkenA rUpabhadattanA eTale hiMdIzanI prajAnA vaMza sAbita karI cUkayA chIe, eTale pelA zahenazAhe zAhI ' nAmane IlakAba dhAraNa karanAra kaSTa prajA che tathA temanuM vatana karyAM che ane temane ane A hiMdIzakane kAMI saMbaMdha che ke kema te zodhI kADhavuM rahe che. dI. bA. kezavalAla harSoMdabhAI dhruve yugapurANunA AdhAre eka moTA nibaMdha 2 lakhyo che. temAM ApelI pR. 90 nI hakIkata tathA te upara temaNe karelA vivecanathI samajI zakAya che ke, te samaye zaka nAmanI prajAe avati upara caDAi karI hatI. te ja pramANe jaina sAhitya prama dvArA paNa jaNAvAyuM che ke, atimAM gabhIla rAjAnA samaye tene zikSA apAvavA zaka prajAne teDAvavI paDI hatI.33 vaLI tenuMvRttAMta lakhatAM te graMthAmAM A prajAne pArasakuLa nAmanA sthAnanI34 tathA zahenazAhe zAhI IlkAba sAthe saMbadha dharAvatI jaNAvAi che. A pramANe banne saMpra dAyika sAhitya graMthAmAM eka sarakhI ja hakIkata jyAre upalabdha thAya che, tyAre tene satya tarIke . zaka prajAnA 32 ) buddhiprakAza rR. 76, aMka trIne, 1929 mA', pR. 88 thI 103, ( 33 ) A prasaMga gardabhIla rAjAnuM vRttAMta lakhatAM A pustakanA aMtabhAge lakhavAmAM Avaze te jIe. bAkI thoDIka hakIkata ADakatarA IzArArUpe rR. 107 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama svIkArI levI paDe che. ane temAM sUcavyA pramANe niHsa MdeDa mAnavuM paDe che ke te samaye zakaprajAe avaMti upara caDAI karI te deza jItI lIdhA hatA; tema ja amuka varSo paryaMta tyAM hukumata paNu bhAgavI hatI. A prajA jyAre jIta meLavavAne prasaMge ja hiMdamAM AvI che tyAre ApaNe temane kharI zake ' prajA tarIke ja pIchAnI laie to khATuM gaNAze nahIM.A pramANe ceAthI prajAnI eLa khatA paNa nirNaya thaI gayA. temane lagatuM vizeSa vRttAMta-jemake zaka ane hiMdI zane sabaMdhazuM? tathA temanAmAM kayA kayA rAjA thayA vi. vi, yathAsthAne AgaLa upara A pustakamAM ja lakhavAmAM Avaze. * AkhI carcAnA sAra eTaleA ja che keH (1) zAhavaza te caNu kSatrapanAH ( 2-3 ) zAhI vaMza te hiMdI zaka inDA-sithianya prajAvALA rUSabhadattanA ( 4 ) ane zaka prajAnA ( sithiansanA ) athavA zahenazAhe zAhInA ilkAbavALI jene tAjetaramAM hiMdu upara caDI AvIne avaMtimAM rAjaya karavA mAMDayuM hatuM te prajAne A pramANe samajaNa thaI che. A zaka prajAnA vaLI e vibhAga pADyA cheH zaka ane hiMdI zake. ApaNA niyama pramANe to ahIM mAtra hiMdI zaka-InDA sithiansa viSe ja khAlavAnu raheta; paNa upara joi gayA chIe ke zaka prajAe zaka prajAnA itihAsa 108 nI TI. naM. 5-8 mAM jainAcAya* kAlikasUrinA nAma sAthe joDIne apAI che tathA keTalIka havenA paricchede rUSabhadatta ane devakanA vRttAMtamAM paNa Avo, (34) A sthAnanI mAhatI mATe uparanA pahavAjhavALA e paricchedamAM jIe www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda]. itihAsa 343 hiMdamAM AvIne rAjavahIvaTa calAvyuM che, tethI pADavI rahe che, kemake teo taddana svataMtrapaNe have bannene itihAsa ApaNe lakhave ja raheze. rAjavahIvaTa bhogavatA thayA hatA eTaluM ja nahI bIjI sthiti ema che, ke A khaMDamAM paradezI paNa sakaLa hiMdanA mukuTa samAna gaNAtA prajAnuM ja vRttAMta lakhavAnuM che te daSTie avaMtinA pradeza upara teo sattAdhArI banyA to hiMdIzaka karatAM zaka prajAnuM ja mAtra varNana hatA; jethI anya avaMtipationI peThe temanA lakhavuM rahe che; ane hiMdI zaka prajAnuM nAma che vaMzane eka judo ja pariccheda nirmANa karavo InDasithiansa kahevAyuM che te bhale InDe raheze. paNa temano sattAkALa eTalo badhe TUMka pArthIansanA jevo ja artha sUcavavA temaja koIpaNa rAjakIya ke koI rAjadvArI vaparAyuM che, paNa tenA itihAsathI jyAre anya prakAranI viziSTatAvihIna che ke, ApaNe barAbara jANatA thaI jaIzuM itihAsakAre jene InTareganama5=IntertyAre kahI zakIzuM, ke te InDe pArTIansanI regnum (eka rAjA gAdI choDe ane bIje peThe, rAja karavA agAu ja mAtra AvIne gAdIe bese te vacce kALa ) kahIne saMbadhe hiMdamAM nahetA vasyA, paNa keTaleya kALa che tevo ja temano rAjyaamala lakhI zakAya. pUrvethI thANuM jamAvIne paDI rahyA hatA. tethI AvI sthitimAM temane ApaNe avaMtipati temane vAstavika rIte zaka prajA sAthe kAMI paNa tarIke gabhIla vaMzI rAjAonAM varNanamAM saMbaMdhavinAnA ja lekhI zakAya; chatAMye temanI gAThavavA rahe che. A pramANe InDolithiansane utpattine mAtra saMbaMdha darzAvavA puratuM jyAre ahIM jovAnuM ane sithiansane alaga pADaamuka vizeSaNa temanI sAthe joDavAmAM AvyuM vAnuM kAraNa darzAvIne have ApaNe temanI che tyAre te kabUla rAkhIne ApaNe tadanusAra utpatti vigerenA itihAsane paricaya karAvIe. vartavuM rahe che. te gaNatrIe paradezI AkramaNa rAjadvArI jIvanane aMge bhale zaka prajAne kAronuM varNana karatAM A paricchedamAM temane sithiansane upara jaNAvI gayA pramANe paNa sthAna ApavuM paDe che. jyAre kharI zaka ApaNe avaMtipatinI nAmAvalImAM gaNAvIe, prajAne A paricchedamAMthI kheMcI laI alaga chatAM utpattinI bAbatamAM te, prathama zaka ane (35) AvA InTareganama aneka dezanA ItihAsamAM banelA ApaNI najare paDe che. tevA samayamAM koI rAja mukarara thayela na hovAthI banatAM sudhI aMdhA- dhunI ja te pradezamAM vartI rahI hoya che. eTale tevA samayane aMdhAdhunIne vakhata kahIe to paNa cAle. A kALa be cAra mAsathI laMbAIne sAta sAta varasa sudhI laMbAyelo najare paDe che. jIo pu. 2, pR. 206 TI. naM. 71. temAM silonavaMzI rAjAomAM AvA be samaya banI gayAnuM jaNAvyuM che, te anakame eka varasa ane cha varasanA che, magadhapati naMdavaMzI rAjAomAM paNa te eka prasaMga banyo che. alabatta, tene cakhe InTareganama kahevAya te nahIM ja. (36) ahIM je InTaregamana go che tenI parva ane pAchaLa gabhIlavaMzI ja rAja gAdIe Avela che. tethI karIne vacce thaI gayela AkhA zaka rAjyane meM InTareganamanI upamA ApI che. A aMdhAdhunInA samayanI-tenA anusaMdhAnanI-itihAsamAM nedha thayelI nahIM hovAthI keTalIye gerasamati thaI javA pAmI che te vaLI prasaMga paDatAM jaNAvIza, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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44 te bAda temAMthI hiMdI zaka thayA kahevAya. eTale jyAMsudhI zaka prajAnI utpatti na samajAya tyAMsudhI hiMdIzaka vize kAMI paNa khelavuM te niraka gaNAya, athavA mULa thaDarUpa je zaka prajA che temanI utpattinA tihAsa kayAMka Adhe Adhe lai javAya ane tenI zAkhArUpa je hiMdIzaka tenuM Alekhana atra turata citrita thAya, teA bannene sabaMdha samajavA paNa bhAre paDe. vaLI gheADA pahelI gADI mUkayA jevI ApaNI sthiti paNa thai jAya. eTale sugama e che ke, utpatti saMbaMdhI je kahyuM hoya te ahIM ja jaNAvI devu' ane zaka prajAnuM vivaraNu lakhatI vakhate ahIMnuM vivecana joI javAne ApavA. havAle zaka prajAnA jakhUdropanI bhaugolika sthitinA khyAla ApatI vakhate jaNAvI gayA chIe ke tenu madhyabiMdu, eziyA khaMDanA madhyamAM tArakuMDa ( 37) sithiansamAMthI InDasithiansa thayA che tethI tema kahevuM paDyu che. ( 38 ) uparamAM pU. 132 nI tathA rR. 141-2 nI hakIkata vAMcA. tathA nIcenI lITIemAM prakhyAta itihAsavettA ma, vinseMTa smithanuM maMtavya je utAyuae che te sarakhAve. (39) jIe. a. hi. iM. trIjI AvRtti pu. 249 TI, na. 1. (40) A nAma eka nadInu che tene ApaNe ekasasa athavA AmudIyA tarIke hAla oLakhIe chIe. ( sarakhAvela pR. 132 nI hakIkata ) (41) rAhenarAha DerIyasanI sattA te praderA sudhI laMbAI hatI ke kema te za MkAspada che:, chatAM te prazna sAthe ApaNe saMbaMdha nathI. eTale tenI carcAmAM utaravuM nathI; paNa ahIM eTaluM ja kahevAnuM ke DerIyasanA samaya pahelAM keTalAMka varSo thayAM te prazna te pradezamAM vasI rahI hatI. athavA je DhALuM pAchaLathI tyAM AvyuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama samarakaDavALA eziyAi turkastAnanA pradezamAM hatu N8 ane tyAMthI prajAnAM TALeTALAM judI judI dizAmAM vaLavA maLyAM hatAM. jemAMnu eka meTu TALuM prathama ekasasa ( AmuriyA ) nadInI AsapAsa sthita thai rahyuM hatuM. te mATe ja mi. vinseTa smitha lakhe che ke The Sakai people and allied tribes came from the neighbourhood of the Jaxar tes ( Strabo. ) They occupied the Kashager and Yarkand territories in the time of Darius=zaka prajA tathA temane lagatI jAtavALA jaraTIjha47 (TremAMnA maMtavya pramANe) nI pADeAzamAMthI AvI hatI. DerIyasanA41 rAjya amale te kAlgara ane yArakaDanAranA pradezamAM pathAre karIne paDI rahyA hatA. pachIthI temAMneeka bhAga pUrvamAM cIna tarapha vaLyA ane bIjo dakSiNa tarapha hatuM tene aMge (jIe pR. 142 nI hakIkata) paNa A kathana heAca (jIe nIcenI TIkA na. 44) (42) ApaNe ja khUddIpanuM madhya bindu je jaNAnyuM che. tene lagatA itihAsa tathA varNana jue. (uparamAM pR. 132-33 nI hakIkata) A uparathI samajAro ke, bharatakha'DanI Aya prajAnI utpatti je dAkesasa parvatanA pradezamAMthI gaNAve che tema nahIM paNa ezIyAi turkastAnavALA bhAgamAMthI thaI gaNatrI rahe che. ne ke te samaye sAMskRti jevu' nahAtuMja. saMskRti pAmIne A je kahevAcA che te te te bAda lAMbA kALe ja banavA pAmyuM che. (43)athavA kahe ke sarovaranI AsapAsanA kudaratI sAMdaya nihALIne kAMIka vadhAre vicArava Mta ane pariNAme buddhivaMta thayA hatA; jethI temanA sa sAthIdAra karatAM vadhAre saMrakArita gaNAtA hatA. (sarakhAvA pR. 141 upara "tyArapachI temanuM zuM thayuM?" te pAyAnI hakIkata) tathA nIcenI TIkA naM 44 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] agAnistAna ane irAnamAM utaryAM. temanAmAM je kAMika sa`kArI thayA hatA43 temaNe sanI vacce hAmana sarovara44nI AsapAsamAM vasavA mAMDayuM hatuM ane bAkInA, temane viTaLAine cAre tarapha lAMkhe pathA karIne paDI rahyA hatA. A sthiti ApaNA pustakamAM AlekhavAnA Adi samaye pravatI rahI hatI. temanA hAmana sarovaravALA hA` pradezane te samaye zistAna kahevAmAM AvatA hatA, ane zistAna uparathI tyAM vasatI prajAnuM nAmajapa zaka kahevAyu che (juo uparamAM pR. 144) paNa tyAM sthita thayAne dhaNA lAMkhA vakhata vahI javAthI temanI mULa saMskRti je DhArA cAravAnI ane dhADAnA ucchera karavAnI, ardhajaMgalI athavA khInasa MskArita kATInI 6 hatI temAM ghaNA sudhArA thai javA pAmyA hatA. jo ke keTaleka bhAga tA hajI paNa tenI mULa prathAne vaLagI ja rahyo hatA. A saMskArita prajA (44) ke. hi. i. pR. 338:-~~The term Saka may possibly allude to Sakasthana (Seistan) and dwellers around the region of Hamam lake...the Saka was one of the 23 provinces ( Satarapies) under the great Persian king Darius=Ika zabda zakastAna (zistAna) ne tathA hAmana sarovaranI AsapAsa pradezamAM vasanArAnelAgu paDavAnAsaMbhava gaNAya-IrAnI bAdazAha DerIyasanA samaye je 23 prAMtA (satrapIe) hatI temAMnA eka prAMta A zaka praznano hatA. sarakhAvA uparanI TI. na. 41 ane 43. (45) itihAsakArAe je zaka zabda vAparyo che te zistAnanA vatanI tarIke che, ane te amAM ja meM A zabda ahIM vAparyo che. bAkI prAcIna samaye bhArata 44 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat itihAsa 41 mAMthI ApaNI vartamAna Arya prajAnA Adi purUSo, jene atyAre zrutikAra ane upaniSadakAra tarIke pUjanika gaNavAmAM AvyA che te mahApurUSonA janma thayA hatA ema mAnI zakAya che. A samaya I. sa. pU. nI dazamI sadInI AsapAsanA kahI zakAya. tevI ne tevI paristhiti te bAda khInna cAra pAMca saikA sudhI jaLavAi rahI hatI, tyAM te pradeza upara IrAnanA zahenazAha sAirasa ane DeriyasanA samaya AvI pahoMcyA tema A bAju bhAratamAM zrI gautamabuddha ane zrImahAvIranA janma thai cUkayA hatA. ahIMthI have itihAsanI dRSTie jene ApaNe zaka prajA tarIke oLakhI rahyA chIe temanuM vRttAMta zarU thayu' kahI zakAze. zistAna prAMtanI uttare khekaTrIansa, pazcime rAnI prajA eTale pAthI anya, pUrvamAM kSaharATa tathA sidhamAM vastI prajA aDIne AvI rahI hatI. eTale te sarve eka bIjAnA pATA vAsIonI mAnyatA zuM hatI, tenA rapaSTa tA nahI ja paNa kAMIka e khyAla pru. 133 upara TI. na. 19 mAM mA, sA I.nA avataraNamAM ApyA che. "manu ke anusAra zaloga kAMmAja, pahalva, pArada era calana ina upa vibhAgeAme' vibhakata thA." matalaba ke pArada ane cavanAne paNa zaka tarIke lekhyA che; jethI samanaze ke, mAtra zistAnanA vatanIne ja rAka nathI kahevAyA. (46) jIe saptama paricchede, pAcIansa praznanI utpattinA ItihAsamAM ApelI hakIkata. (47) A kathananu' satya samajavA mATe, uparanI TIkA na. 45, 46 vAMcA tathA temAM darzAvyA pramANe lakhANanI hakIkata sAthe sarakhAmaNI karI, eTale tusta samajAze ke, pAthI ansa vigere paNa zatru praznanA ja aza hatA; te kAMika asaMskArita rahI gayA hatA, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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346 zaka prajAne [ navama saMsargamAM AvatA hatA tathA parasparanI khAsi- yata grahaNa karye jatA hatA.48 vaLI rAjadvArI temaja vyApArika jIvananI chApa ane asara paNa temane pahecavA mAMDI hatI, jethI zistAnanA uttara bhAganI prajA, je sarakhAmaNImAM mAtra thoDA ja bhAga hate temaNe khaibaraghATa dvArA ane dakSiNa bhAgane je moTe jaththo hatA temaNe belanaghATa dvArA hiMdusthAnanI prajA sAthe vyavahAra sAMdhyo hata8. uttaravALI prajAnuM mizraNa thaine kSaharATanI (khareNIbhASA bolanAra 50 prajAnI ) utpatti thaI ke jemAMthI pANini vyAkaraNa ityAdi udbhavane pAmyA che ane dakSiNavALI prajA siMdha tathA jene asalamAM sauvIradeza1 kahevAtuM hata-ane vartamAna kALane pazcima rAjapUtAnA-tyAMnI prajA sAthe mizrita thaI gaI. A prajAne zuM nAma apAyuM hatuM te jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI, eTale meM paNa atre darzAvyuM nathI; paNa ApaNe bIjI rIte temanI oLakha ApIzuM, jethI vAcakavarga samajI zakaze. prAcIna graMthamAM je ema jaNavAyuM che ke, siMdhu nadIne tenI pUrva ane pazcime aneka nadIo maLatI hatI, jemAMnI koI be nadI vaccenA bhAgane brahmadI53nA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM AvatA hatA; tema ja te | siMdhu nadInI aneka zAkhAomAM ekanuM nAma sarasvatI nadI54 hatuM. A brahmadIpa tathA sarasvatI nadI tema ja siMdhu nadInI aneka zAkhA vALe saghaLe pradeza, te upara varNavelI ziratAnamAMthI belanaghATadvArA dezAMtara karIne hiMdamAM AvelI prajAne ja samajI levo. uttaravALo bhAga prathamathI ja nAno hato. tenI prajAnI paNa vizeSa saMkhyA te kaMbojamAM ja vasIne hiMdamAM praveza thatI aTakI paDI hatIjyAre mAtra juja je bAkI rahI te hiMdamAM sthAyI thaIne paDI rahI hatI. paNa temAMnuM koI tattva rAjakIya jIvanamAM paDyuM nahIM. eTale temanuM astitva-zaka prajA tarIkenuM taddana visarAI javA pAmyuM. jyAre belanaghATadvArA pravezelI prajAnI saMkhyA paNa vizeSa hatI. vaLI temAM vAraMvAra navAM navAM ToLAM AvIne umere paNa thayA karato hato. tema AyaMde temanAmAMthI je vIra, dhIra ke anya guNomAM (48) DarAjasthAna ( mudrita viMkaTezvara presa); bhAga 1, pR. 2; bhagavAna pArzvanAtha (mudrita surata 1927) pR. 234 "prAcInakALameM bhArata Ara zAkIpakA vizeSa saMbaMdha thA." (49) vartamAna hiMdustAnanI pazcima dizAe, parvatanI hAramALA vadhIne pelIpAranI prana sAthe kayA kayA mArge vyavahAra karI zakAtuM hatuM tenA varNana mATe e uparamAM pR. 310 ane AgaLa. (50) te prana kaMboja ane gAMdhAra nAmanA pradezamAM prasarI gaI hatI. (5) A pradezanI bhagaLa tathA varNana mATe pu. 1 zuM jue. pR. 229 thI 229 sudhI. (52) juo pu. 1, pR. 226. (53) kupa eTale bhegelika cAkhyA pramANe cAre tarapha pANI ane vacce jamIna ema ahIM nahIM, paNa jene hAlamAM ApaNe duAba kahIe chIe te. prAcIna samaye daAbane paNa lIpa nAmathI ja saMbodhavAmAM Avato hate (juo uparamAM pR. 138 zaka kapanI hakIkata.) (5) sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 5ra tathA juo pu. 2, pR. 174 nI hakIkata. (55) AthI karIne koI zaka prajae himAM baradhATane raste praveza karyo hate ema kahI zakAze nahIM. je koI zaka hiMdamAM AvyA che te bolanaSATane raste ke tenAthI paNa dakSiNethI (mejhInuM Agamana siMdha raste thayuM hatuM ema je dharAyuM che te hakIkata sAthe Ane sarakhA.) AvyAnuM gaNavuM. (56) AvI rIte ekaMdara keTalAM ToLAM AgyAnuM noMdhI zakAya te mATe A pArimAke AgaLa cho. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ) AgaLa paDatA hatA. te anyakSetre papaNu jhaLakI UThyA hatA. temaja je rAjakIya paTamAM meAkhare dhumyA rahetA hatA te gAdIpati paNa banI kheDA hatA.pa8 eTale teo pratihAsamAM prasiddhine pAmyA che. A saMdhaLI prajAne ApaNe hiMdI zaka athavA InDAsithIansa tarIke oLakhI zakazuM. InDasithiyansanI59 utpatti A pramANe samajavI. tihAsa have inDe| sithiyansanA vikAsa sabadhI paNa thADu dhaNu jaNAvI dRSTae. sAmAnya rIte siMdhu nadInI pazcime IrAnI rAjyanI ane pUrvamAM hiMdu rAjyanI hakumata gaNI laIe, te| paNa vastusthiti samajI zakAze. rAnI zahenazAha sAI rasa ane DeriyasanA amala pachI (i. sa. pU. 486) te bAju kAMIka rAjyakrAMti thai hoya ke (57) AnAM draSTAMtAmAM (1) brahmadgIpamAMthI je purUSA utpanna thaine vaidika sapradAyamAM nAma kADhI gayA che. te sava ahIM gaNAvI zakAro. (2) 5. cANakya je mahAna athazAsrI tarIke ane samrATa cadraguptanA mahAamAtya tarIke prasiddha thaI gayA che. tene gaNI zakaro. (58) gAdIpati thayAnA draSTAMtamAM rUSabhadattane zAhI vaza gaNI zakAro. (59) e. rI. pu. 5, pR. 266:-The IndoScythians are generally known as the Sakas=inDa sithiansa sAmAnya rIte zaka tarIke ja oLakhAya che. (60) jIe . 1, pR. 225 ane AgaLa. A bhAgamAM keTalA bhayaMkara vinAza te samaye thaye| haro te teA dhI enTIvITIjha ek sIdha:-ta henarI krujhensa-no graMtha vAMcavAthI tenA pradezavistAranA khyAla AvavAthI kalpanA karI zakAze. (61) 5. cANakayanA pUne paNa A ToLAnA samajavA, te sAthe aneka brAhmaNA, kSatriya, vaizyo vigere AvelA. temAMnA moTA bhAga vaidika anucAyI haro kemake zaka sthAnamAM zrutikAranI utpatti thaI hatI; jethI temanA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 347 damana vadhyuM hoya athavA to kevaLa vyApArika sayeAgA ja UbhA thayA hoya ke IrAnI zahenazAhanA sattApradeza vistAra pAmyA hAya, paNa tyAMnI gheADIka prajA siMdhu nadInA pUrva pradezamAM utarI AvI hatI; tema A bAju sauvIrapati rAjA uDDayananI gAdIe tenA bhANeja kezIkumAra AvyA hatA; tathA tenA samaye retIne moTA vAvaDheLa yune AkhA sauvIra pradeza daTAi jaine jesalamIranu' raNu banI gayuM hatu.60 jethI tyAMnI prajA ADI avaLo vikharAi gai hatI. temAMnI keTalIka hAlanA bhAvalapura rAjya tarapha uttara hiMdamAM vadhI ane keTalIka jodhapura rAjyanI hadamAM AvI vasI11 jyAre keTalIka tyAMnAM zaherA, gAmaDAM ane nadInI sAthe daTA62 paNa gaI. A prasaMgane hiMdI zakatu prathama TALu pravezyA tarIke nAMdhI dharmane mAnanArA vizeSa sa`khyAmAM hoya te svAbhAvika che, ane A hijharate AvelI prazna tyAMnI ja hatI. eTale ApaNe kahI zakIe chIe ke vaidika matAnuyAyI te hatA. I. sa. pU. 450 nI AsapAsa (jIe, pu, 2, pR. 176) lAkhAnI sa`khyAmAM eka jainAcAya je jaina banAvyA che te ahIM lakhelA vaidika matAnuyAyImAMnA ja samajavA, 5. cANakayanA dhruvane paNa te vakhate ja jaina matAnuyAyI thayA haro ema thayela samajavu' (jIe pu. 2, pu 171 thI 176 nI hakIkata). vaLI hAlanA ezavAlA tathA sarva sAmAnya jaina dhamI mukhya aMze A prAnI olAda ja gaNavI, (62) vastI kahetAM manuSya, ne ke daTAyAM lAgatAM nathI, kemake vAvaTALa kAMi ekadama aNaci Mtavyo athavA be cAra kalAkamAM ja AvIne retInA DuMgare DuMgarA thai gayA lAgatA nathI; paNa dhIme dhIme ekAda aThavADIyA jeTalA ke balke tethI vadhu samaya lakhAye| haro, eTale mANasA peAtAnI sagavaDatA pramANe AvepALe thaI gayela che. chatAM jo koi daTAyuM hAya tA tevI sakhyA bahu ja jIja haraze, bAkI ImAratA, zahero, nadIe vigere sarve sthAvara vastu tA daTAyelI ja gaNavI, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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345 zakAze. A vakhatanA arasAmAM ja hAlanA bhinnamAla nagaranI 3 sthApanA thai che; jene te samaye tA mezyAnagarI tarIke ja oLakhavAmAM AvatI hatI. tema vaLI te evaDu' meATu' nagara14 banavA pAmyuM hatuM ke kadAca te pradezanI te rAjadhAnI pa tarIke paNa gaNAya hAya. mArUM tA ema pazu mAnavuM thAya che ke, rAjaputAnAnA A bhUmi pradeza hiMdganA madhya bhAgamAM hAi, itihAsamAM je matsya athavA madhyadeza kahevAya che, ane jenI rAjadhAnI madhyamikA nagarI TharAvAi che te sadhaLu vRttAMta ahIM vaNu velI dhaTanAne ja lAgu paDatuM dekhAya che. khera; vidyAnA ane zASakA te khAbata vizeSa tapAsa karIne tenA upara prakAza pADaze. ApaNe teA ATaleA aMgulinirdeza karI, zakra prajAnA vikAsanA itihAsanuM citra rajU karavA prayatna karIzu. atra eka nAMdha levI ghaTe che ke, A pradezamAM samrATa priyadarzinanA samaye. ane jaina maMdirA tathA dharmanAM sthAnA UbhAM karAyelAM 11 hatA; uparAMta A AkhA rajaputAnAneA pazcima bhAga bahu ja sukhI hatA: tema prA nizri`ta hovAthI vyApAra kheDIne ati samRdiva ta tathA jAheAjalAlIvALI banI gai hatI; jethI jaMtara dezanA vatanIonu tyAM AvavA tarapha Na kheMcANu thayA karatuM hatuM. A samaye zake prajAmAM (13) A nagaranI mahattvatA zI kahevAya te mATe pu, 2, 4, 176 jue, (14) jyAM lAkhA mANaso mAtra hijharata tarIke ja AvelA hAya (jIe uparanI TI. na. 61) uparAMta khIru mULa vasatI paNa tyAM DhAya, te tevu' nagara kAMI nAnuMsUnuM te na ja kahI rAkAya ? (15) jIe bhUmaka ane nahapANanA vRtAMte, temanA madhya dezanI rAjadhAnI madhyamikA nagarI hevAnuM vattAMta; ane te mATe me... sUcavelA keTalAMka sthAnanI hakIkata. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama zaka prajAne khIjuM TALu' hiMdamAM kayAre ane krama Avyu. te have jaNAvIzuM. aMdAje i. sa. pU. 250mAM ekaTrIyA ane pAthI A svataMtra thayAM hatAM (jIe uparamAM pR. 298) temAM pArthIAnI sattAmAM zaka prajAnA mULa vatanavALA zistAnanA prAMta hatA. A prazna kAvara ane ja`galamAM ja gujArI calAvatI hAvAthI vataMtratAcAhaka hatI ja. eTale temane potAnA zire krAInI jhu MsarI gamatI naheAtI, te mATe teo UMcAnIcA thayA ja karatA ane prasaMga paDaye ke lAga maLatAM, hiMda tarapha utarI paDavAne talasI rahetA hatA; paNa jyAMsudhI IrAna upara zahenazAha mithreDeTasanA rAjyane madhyAhna tapatA hatA tyAMsudhI temanI kArIgarI bahu sAOka nIvaDatI naheAtI. eTale tenA rAjaamalanA vaLatA bhAva thayA ane pAchaLathI kreTasa khIne tathA AraTekhensa khIjaje, ema te enA rAjyaamala AvyA ke teoe mAthu ucakayuM, ane svataMtra banI meATA jaththAmAM khasI jai hiMdamAM AvatA rahyA. ke. hiM. I. nA lekhake je lakhyuM che ke 7 8 There is goodevi. dence to show that the earlier Scythian settlements in Iran were reinforced about the time when the (66) vamAnakALe paNa bIkAnera, jesalamIra vigere thAne rAjana sapratinA badhAvela jaina ma`diza, vizeSa pramANamAM maLI Ave che, tenu kAraNa ahIM darzAvyA pramANe samajavuM. anya sthAnee teNe maMdizatA baMdhAvela paNa zuMgapatioe sarvoro teneo lagabhaga nAza karAvI nAkhyA hatA; jyAre ahIM tee paheAMcI na zakayAthI temanA vinArA thatA khacI gayA che. (67) jIe ke. hi. 4. pR. 567, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= 5::: pariccheda ] itihAsa 349 Sakas first occupied Bactria.The navuM TALuM je AvI caDayuM hatuM temaNe paNa kings of Parthia were engaged in pitAnA AgalA jAtabhAIo sAthe maLI jaIne quarrels with their Scythian subjects teja dharmanuM avalaMbana lIdhuM hatuM.71 phAve te bekaTrIAmAM jyAre za8 prajA prathama vasI pelA anizcita nAnA TeLAmAM ke pachI phAve te rahI hatI, tyAre IrAnamAMnA sithiansamAM temanuM A bIjA meTA ToLAmAM, zaka rUpaladattanA pitA ToLuM umerAyuM hatuM te batAvavA puratI sAbitI hiMdamAM AvyA hatA ane pitAnA khAnadAna maLI Ave che potAnI sithianya prajA sAthe tema ja yuddha viSayaka parAkrama tathA kauzalya dAkhakajIyA-kaMkAsa karavAmAM ja pArthiAnA rAjAo vatA guNone laine, mahAkSatrapa bhUmakanA aMtaHpuranuM mazagula banI rahyA hatA. A pramANene badhA dhyAna kheMcI lIdhuM hatuM. pariNAme bhUmakaputra prasaMga ApaNe uparamAM je sthiti varNavI rahyA nahapANanI kuMvarI dakSamitrAnuM lagna A rUSabhadatta chIe tene lagatA ja che ema samajavuM. A bIjI vere gavAyuM hatuM. jyAra pachI te rAjakIya vAranuM meTuM ToLuM je AvyuM te pahelAM pacAseka kSetramAM prakAzita thavA pAmyo che. A pramANe varSe eka nAnuM ToLuM AvyuM lAge che. paNa hiMdIzakanA be athavA traNa kahIe te paNa tenI majabUta sAbitI maLatI na hovAthI tenI cAle-keLAM hiMdamAM AvyAM hatAM. uparAMta gaNunA ApaNe letA nathI. A nAnA ToLAnA zuddha zAkanuM paNa eka ToLuM AvyuM che jenuM varNana dezAMtarane samaya samrATa priyadarzinanA maraNabAda avati pati tarIke temanuM caritra ApaNe jayAM jyAre tene cha putra vRSabhasena avaMtinI karavAnA chIe tyAM AgaLa utArIzuM, jethI gAdIe hatA tyAre banyuM hoya ema anumAna samajavAnI saraLatA sacavAze. ahIM ATalo thAya che. te vakhate hiMdanA madhyadezamAM bhUmakanI- isAroja basa lekhIzuM eTale kharI rIte zaka prathama minenDaranA kSatrapa tarIkenI ane pAchaLathI prajAnA prasthAnanI saMkhyA cAranI gaNAya che, chatAM svataMtra gAdIpati mahAkSatrapa tarIkenI-ANa keTalAka traNa ja hevAnuM kahe che temAM ane ApaNuM cAlu hatI. A bhUmaka tathA sarva kSaharATe kathanamAM keTalo taphAvata che te abhyAsakanI dRSTithI jaina matAnuyAyI hatA.70 temaja prathamanuM je joI zakAya mATe teomAMnA ke. hi. I.nA lekhakanuM ToLuM ahIM utarI AvyuM hatuM temAMnA sarve jaina ekalAnuM ja maMtavya TAMkIzuM. temaNe grIka lekhaka dharma pALatA thaI gayA hatA; eTale A bIjuM hereDeTasanI sAkSI ApIne A pramANe traNa varga (18) temanA hisAbe zaka zabda che. ApaNe temane yArakaMDa samarakaDavALA pradezanA vatanI tarIke lekhavAnA che. (Ao uparamAM pR. 345 nI hakIkata) kemake temanuM nAma zakato nyArathI teo zistAnamAM vasI rahyA hatA tyArabAda paDayuM che. (69) jue SaSTama khaDe zaka prajanA ItihAsane lagatI hakIkata, (70) A sarva kSaharATenA dharma vizenI carcA temanA jIvana lakhatI vakhate ApaNe karI cUkyA chIe tyAMthI joI levI. (pR. 243 thI AgaLa.) (1) eTale ema nathI samajavAnuM ke, temaNe ahIM AvIne prathama vAra ja te dharma aMgIkAra karyo hato. teomAM dharmanA bIjanuM lepana to priyadarzina samrATanA dhammamahAmAtrAoe kayAranuM kayuM ja hatuM. ahIM to tene piSaNa malyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM.

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350 jaNAvyA che:-72 (1) The Sakas whose home was in the country of the river Jaxartes (The Syr Daria) (2) Those from the country of the river Helmand=Sakasthan=the abode of the Sakas=The later Persan Sijistan and the modern Seistan (3) The Scythians of Europe who inhabited the Steppes of Russia to the north of the Black Sea=Sakatardurya=the Sakas over the sea. (1) je zakeAnu` sthAna jaraTIsa nadI(sIradarIyA)vALA pradezamAM che tenA (2) helamaMDa nadInA pradeza zakasthAna-zakanu sasthAna-meDethI irAnI bhASAmAM sistAna ane a+cInamAM sistAna kahevAya che te pradezanA (3) ane yureApanA sIthIansa je kALA samudranI zaka taradariyAnI uttare rUziyAnA sapATa- mulakamAM vasavATa karI rahyA che ane tethI dariyApAranA je je zA kahevAya che te. AmAMnA trIjA sAthe ApaNe73 sa`baMdha nathI. pahelA vargane ApaNe noMdhyA to che ja, paraMtu tene zakanA4 eka bhAga tarIke te| nahIM, paNa mULa vatanInA eka TALA tarIke; jayAre bIjo varga che te ja, A pratikAsamAM zaka prajAnA (72) jIe . hi. i. pR. 564 (73) ahIM'nA mULavatanI kema chUTA paDIne vIkharAyA hatA te darzAvavAnu` vivecana karatAM heroDoTase kadAca A traNa varga pADayA haze. (jhue pR. 141 nI hakIkata.) (74) AmAM prAcIna vyAkhyA pramANe zakanA atha ne zAkadvIpanA rahIrA ema karo, te paNa te acukata nathI, temaja arvAcIna vyAkhyA pramANe te zistAnanA vatanI ja nathI eTale temane kaI rIte rAka kahevAya ? (75) kharI rIte te zaka rAbda ja prAcIna samaye nahIM haiAya (nue uparamAM pR. 137nA aMte); paNa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama varNa vAtA zaka prajAne va che. A uparathI tathA tenI uparanI TI. naM. 73-74 nI hakIkata je dhyAnamAM levAze te vAcakane khAtrI thaze ke, temaNe (pAzcAtya vidvAnAmAM pramANabhUta gaNAtA prAcIna lekhAe paNa) zaka tarIke keAnI gaNanA karavI tenI ahu saMbhALa lIdhI nathI. jyAre A paDitAe ane vidvAnAe te| sAk sApha jaNAvI dIdhu che ke zAkadvIpanA je vatanI te ja zaka;75 temane za sthAna athavA ziraratAnanA pradeza sAthe sabaMdha ja nathI.76 vaLI arvAcIna vyAkhyA pramANe zistA - nanA vatanIne ja zaka kahevAnu dhAraNa svIkArIe, toye pArthiyane, kSaharATA, caoSNuvaMzIe pratyAdI aneka paradezI prajAo ke jemane vatananA99 aMge zistAna sAthe kAMi levAdevA ja nathI, chatAM pAzcAtya lekhakAe ane vidvAnAe temanI ALa khamAM jyAM ne tyAM zaka zabda lagADI khIcaDA karI nAMkhyA che. eTalu ja nahIM paNa UlaTA hiMdIone mAthe te sanA TApalA oDhADatAM lakhe che78 ke, "The term Saka was used by the Indians, in a vague way to denote all foreigners from the other side of the passes without nice distinc tion of race or tribe=bATanI pelI pAranA zAdvIpanI prazna tarIke temanI oLakha ApavI hoya ta zAka zabda vAparI zake. bAkI vedanI utpatti thaI gayA bAda zaka rAbda vaparAyA hoya teAna, 2 vanI prajA mATe te che ema samajavu, (vaLI jue pR. 133 TI, na'. 19). (76) A hakIkata ApaNe spaSTatApUrvaka pR. 135 thI 140 sudhImAM zAkadvIpa, rAddIpa ane zakrasthAnanA pArAmAM samAvI dIdhI che. (77) A sarva hakIkata ApaNe te te prajAne ItihAsa (utpatti ane vikAsa) lakhatAM sAbita karI gayA chIe, te joI khAtrI karavI. (78) jI. e, hI. i. pR. 9. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] sava paradezIone (temanI) elAda ke jAtInA kAI khAsa bheda rAkhyA vinA (temane) hiMdIee eka zaka nAmathI medhama rIte oLakhAvye rAkhyA che. 79 A temanA matavya upara kAMi vivecana karavA jarUra nathI. vAcakavarga svayaM te vize peAtAnA niya bAMdhI zake tema che. 19 A pramANe zaka ane hiMdI zaka prajAnA hiMdanA praveza saMbaMdhI tathA tyArabAda temanA vasavATanA sthAna paratvene itihAsa samajavA. upara jaNAvyA mujaba hiMdI zaka upara bhUmanA ane pachI nahapANutA rAjaamala hato jene lagatuM vana temanA (kSaharATa prajAnA) vRttAMtamAM batAvI gayA chIe; je uparathI kahI zakAze ke, temanuM raheThANu A samaye ava MtimAM banI rahyuM hatuM ane temanI raheNIkaraNI taddana hiMdImaya ja-Arya prajAnI jevI ja-banI gai hatI. koi ema na dhArI zake ke A leAkAnu (79) jIe upa2mAM pR. 140, "savanA sAra"vALA pArIgrAph. khAsa karIne TI. na. 45 tathA pU, 141 TI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat itihAsa 351 mULasthAna hiMdu bahAranuM haze. A uparAMta teo jemanA jemanA saMsargamAM AvatA gayA hatA temanI sAthe lagnagraMthIthI paNa joDAi jatA hatA. A pramANe rAjadvArI ane sAmAjika sayogAnI asara je nIpajI cUkI hatI te uparathI temane have hiMdI zaka nAma nahIM ApatAM hiMdIprajAnA sAmAnya nAmathI ja oLakhavI bahetara gaNI zakAze. A avaMtinI prajA uparAMtano eka vizeSa bhAga je kharI rIte bhramaka ane nahapANunA amala taLe te kahevAya ja, chatAM sIdhA kAbU jenA upara rUSabhadattanA hatA te prAMtanI-aravallInI pazrimanA pradezanI-prajAne paNa ApaNe hiMdI zaka tarIke ja oLakhavI paDaze. te prajAnu zI rIte nirmANa thayuM hatuM tenuM varNana have ApaNe karavu rahe cheH te mATe A pachInA pariccheda jue. na. 47 nI noTanI hakIkata, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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/_/14 Will dazama pariccheda Ras paradezI AkramaNakArA ( cAlu ) ( 3 ) hiMdIzaka-inDA siziansa-zAhI rAjAe Shahi kings of Saurastra. sakSipta sAra--inDA sithiansa zAhI rAjAe - V (1) rUSabhadattaH-hi'dI zaka prajAe hiMdamAM kayAre praveza karyA ane prathama sthiti kayAM karI tene Apela citAra-prathama gAdI temanI kayAM hatI tathA tyAMthI pheravIne kayA sthaLe ane zA mATe lai javI paDI tene Apela khyAla-zAhIvazanA sthApaka vize tathA tenA samaya vize karela carcA-zAhIvaMzanA rahyAMsahyAM avazeSenI lIdhela tapAsae sthAnanI ( saurASTra ane mahArASTranI ) Abhira prajAnA batAvelA paraspara sabaMdha tathA zAhI vazasAthe temanu batAvI Apela joDANa-Abhira prajAmAM mULa zAhIva'zanA khamIranAM utarI Avela tattvAnI lIdhelI phUMka samIkSA tathA tenAM Apela chAMta-saurAnA bahAravaTIAenI amuka khAsiyatA zene AbhArI che tenu dorelu' anumAna rUSabhadattanA rAjyanA vistAranA tathA teNe karela lokopayogI kAryAnA Apela hubahu khyAla-zaka, zAhI ane zahenazAhI zabdonI chUTI pADI Apela samajUti-- ( 2 ) devaNuka-tenA samayanuM tathA anya samakAlIna rAjAnu Apela keTaluMka vana-peAtAnI asala jAtinA zaka sAthe teNe khAMdhela snehathI, temaja khatAvela rAjakIya sahAnubhUtithI,tene zekhavu'paDela pariNAma-zakAri vikramAdritye tathA gautamIputra zAtakaraNIe maLIne kADhI nAkhela AkhI zaka prajAnu' jaDamULa-pariNAme temanA jorajulmamAMthI hiMdI prajAne maLelI mukti-zAhIva'zanA Avela ata tathA temanI ApelI theADIka samayAvali--

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pariccheda ] rUSabhad 353 hiMdI zaka prajA kone kahevI tathA teno vikAsa kema thavA pAmyo hato te uparamAM pR.34ra thI AgaLanAM pRSTha samajAvyuM che tathA te prajAmAMthI "zAhIvaMza' mAM kayA rAjAonI gaNanA karI zakAya tenI samajUti pR. 339 mAM ApI dIdhI che jeno sAra e che ke, rUSabhadattano vaMza te ja zAhIvaMza ane te ja hiMdIzaka prajA gaNavI rahe che. eTaluM atra jaNAvI, temanA jIvanacaritra saMbaMdhI je kAMI jANavAmAM AvyuM che te tathA temano aMta kevI rIte Avyo kahevAya tenI carcA have karIza. (1) rUSabhadatta avaMtipati nahapANane koI putra na hovAthI gomAM ema dhArI zakAya che ke, aravallInI tenI gAdI upara je koI paNa nikaTa sagAne pazcimane je pradeza nahapANane tAbe hatA ane haka pahoMcato gaNI zakAte heya jenuM nAma ApaNe madhyadeza hovAnuM jaNAvyuM temanuM saraNa te tenI putrI dakSamitrA ane che tyAM te hAkema tarIke niyata thaye haze; ane sthiti ane jamAI rUSabhadattaneja hato; eTale avaMtimAM nIpajela nahapANanA maraNa tema ja sasarA jamAIne ghaNuM ja samaye te ati dUra hato. paNa jevA tene samAsArAsArI paNa hatI; chatAM avaMtinI gAdI cAra maLyA ke teNe avaMti tarapha prayANa AdaryuM tene je nathI maLI te uparathI anumAna karI haze. tyAM pahoMcavAne sauthI TUka mArga, aravazakAya che ke, te pite nahapANanA maraNa samaye llInI dakSiNe zirohI ane Abuparvata pAsethI avaMtimAM hAjara nahIM hoya jethI anya sa- gujarAta raste mAlavAnI hadamAM praveza karavAne dAre tyAM jaI, te hastamAM laI lIdhI haze. hatA. jyAM te aDadhe rasteka pahoMcyo haze tyAM avaMtimAMthI rUSabhadattanI gerahAjarInuM kAraNa avaMtinI gAdI te bIjAe bathAvI pAyAnA kAmaprasaMgane laIne mAtra tAtkAlika banAvarUpe samAcAra tene maLyA lAge che. eTale tene mATe hoya ke tenI nimaNuMka ja avaMtithI dUra Avela pachI te avasara yogya e ja rasto rahyo hato prAMta upara karavAmAM AvI heva eTale vakhata- ke, potAne saipAyala pradeza upara svasattA sthApI sara tyAM pahoMcI zakyo na heya. bemAMthI pAchaluM svataMtra rAjakartA tarIke potAne jAhera kare. kAraNa vize saMbhavita dekhAya che. game tema teNe tema karyuM ane tyArathI zAhI rAjavaMzanI banyuM hoya paNa eTaluM cokkasa che ke rUSabhadattane sthApanA thaI kahevAya. paNa atyAra sudhI madhyatenA sasarAnI gAdI maLI nathI ja. AvA saMjo- dezanI rAjadhAnI vartamAna zirohI zaheranI pAsenA (1) A saradAra koNa hatuM, kayAMthI Avyo hato? AvI zakato haze, te viSaya kalpanA karatAM anubhavane vigere hakIkata mATe AgaLa upara gardabhIla vaMzanI gaNAya; mATe tenI carcA asthAne che. hakIkata juo. 3) jue nahapAnA vRttAMte tenAM rAjagAdInA (2) A uparAMta eka anya kAraNanI paNa saMbhA- sthAna vizenI hakIkata. vanA kalpI zakAya che, te saMbhAvanA tenI umara ati vRddha (4) je vyakti gAdIe AvI che tene hakka pahethaI gaI hevAnI che. paNa AvA rAjIpaprAptinA prasaMge te cato nahato, chatAM teNe rAjalagAma hAtha karI che. eTale sthitine vicAra keTale aMze tenA sUtradhArane ADe teNe bathAva pADI hatI ema lakhavuM paDayuM che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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354 zakaprajAnAM [ dazama bhinnamAla nagareje hatI, tene badale te nagarethI pheravIne have teNe saurASTramAM rAjagAdI karI nAMkhI. te mATenAM be traNa kAraNa ka9pI zakAya che. (1) eka te pote meTI AzAmAM ne AzAmAM gherathIbhinnamAlathI-nIkaLelo. temAM vacce ja hatAza thaye jethI tenuM mana khina thaI jatAM svagRhe pAchA na pharatAM, pitAnI ja sattAnA A anya prAMtamAM vAse kare te pitAne mulaka paNa kahevAya temaja nAka paNa jaLavAI rahI gaNAya. A sAmAjika kAraNa che. (2) bIjuM kAraNa e che ke, mAlavAmAM zuM bane che? tenA upara sIdhI dekharekha rakhAya ane prasaMge upasthita thAya te bhinamAlathI ara vallInA ane AbunA DuMgarALa pradezamAMthI avaMtimAM pahoMcI javuM tenA karatAM gujarAtanA sapATa pradeza raste pahoMcI javuM te vadhAre sarala gaNAya. A kAraNa rAjakIya che. (3) jyAre trIjuM kAraNa vaLI dhArmika che. ApaNe jANI cUkyA chIe ke, kSaharATa ane hiMdIzaka prajA dharmacUta hatI, tema teo jainadharmAnuyAyIo paNa hatA. eTale temanA dharmanuM sauthI moTAmAM moTuM tIrthadhAma saurASTramAM girinagare ja AveluM hovAthI tyAM Atmika AnaMda paNa meLavI zakAya. AvA anekavidha Azayane lIdhe teNe rAjagAdI saurASTramAM karI hatI. eTale zAhIvaMzanA rUSabha- dattanI sattA rAjapUtAnA ane saurASTra upara pUrvanI peThe rahI ja kahevAya; mAtra temAM pheraphAra eTalo ja thaya gaNAya ke, pUrve rAjagAdI bhimAla nagare hatI tene badale have girinagare thaI. upara pramANe jyAre rAjagAdInA sthaLanuM parivartana thayuM tyAre tyAMnI vastI paNa sthita thaIne paDI rahe ema kema bane? tethI teNe paNa sthAnAMtara karyuM. eTale bhinnamAla nagarane sAre pratiSThita ane dhanika varga je have temane keTaloka uThAMgiri karIne saurASTramAM AvI vasyA tathA keTaloka vacce AvatA kacchamAM rahyo. te vastimAMnA paisAdAra ane mobhAdAra prajAjana sAthe, keTalIka sAmAnya varganI prajAe paNa hijarata AdarI hatI. temaNe moTA zaheramAM jaI saMkaDAza bhogavIne paDayA rahevA karatAM, hijaratanA mArgamAM vacce AvatA kacchadezanI pahoLI, binavastIyANa ane khullI jagyA nihALatAM, tyAM ja dhAmA nAMkhI dIdhA; ane pitAne mULa kRSiviSayaka pazupAlanane baMdha upADI lIdho. A pramANe zAhIvaMzanI sthApanAnI sAthe ja, bhinnamAlamanI vastInuM saraNa, kaccha ane saurASTramAM thayuM hatuM tathA tyAM teo sthita thaIne rahevAthI, mULasthAnamAM rahelAM temanAM sagAMvahAlAM sAthe temanuM sAmAjika ane vyavahArika saMdhANa paNa temane rAkhe javuM paDatuM hatuM. dakSiNa hiMda athavA sAmAnya rIte jene (5) jue uparanI TI. naM. 3 ( madhya deza saMbaMdhI vigatanI sAkSI temAM ApI che, te varNana ra hIM sAthe rAkhIne vAMcavuM) (6) juo uparamAM, SaSama khaMDe, thaDama paricchede tathA pR. 339 nI hakIkata. () eTale ja temane sai rASTranA rAhI kajhara Shahi Kings of Saurashtra tarIke oLakhAvAya che, (8) A sthAnAMtara bAbatanI keTalIka mAhitI - A paricchedamAM AgaLa ApavAmAM Avaze. jAo gUrjara prajA vizenI hakIkata. (9) sarakhA nIcenI TI. naM. 25. (10) atyAre paNa kacchanA A pradezanI vastI kRSinA dhaMdhAmAM paDela che, A kRSivargamAM ozavALa ane zrImALI jJAtine varga vizeSa saMkhyAmAM kema che te AgaLa upara gurjara prajanI hakIkate jAo. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- paricacheda ] saraNa ane sthiti 355 mahArASTra tarIke ApaNe oLakhIe chIe te sadImAM hovAnuM manAyuM che, jyAre ApaNe uparamAM upara je aneka rAjavaMzI jaNAvyA pramANe4 mi. themAsanA maMtavya mujaba tenA purU thaI gayA che temAMnA zAha rAjAne mULapurUSa ke Izvaradatta nAmane avazeSa ekane rASTrikavaMza11, rASTra hato. pAchaLanI zodhathI te zAha rAjAne kuTavaMza12 ke aiTikavaMza vaMza, bhale ca9Nane kSatrapa vaMza karyo che; chatAM tarIke itihAsakAroe oLakhAvyo che. tenA mi, themAsanA dhAravA mujaba te vaMzano mULachaThThA purUSa daMtidurgane samaya I. sa. 750 nI purUSa Izvaradatta je hatuM, tene samaya teNe I. lagabhaga gaNAvAya che. eTale prathamanA pAMca sa. nI prathama sadImAM kayo che ja; kemake purUSano samaya gaNatAM te vaMzanI Adi I. sa. ca9NanA vaMzanI Adi vidvAnoe have I. sa. 670 nI AsapAsa saheje gaNI zakAya; chatAMye 78 nI TharAvI che. A sarva kathanane sAra e te vaMzane mULapurUSa kaNa kahevAya te haju nIkaLe che ke Izvaradatta nAmanI koI vyakti pAke pAye jaNAyuM nathI ja. keTalAkanA mate itihAsanI dRSTie15 I. sa. nI pahelI sadInA tenuM nAma Izvaradatta ane jAte AbhIra tathA madhyamAM athavA jarA AgaLa pAchaLa16 thaI teno samaya aMdAje IsvInI trIjI cethI gaI che. teno pradeza mahArASTrane che ane te (11) zA mATe rASTrika vaMza hovAnuM kheDAyuM che te mATe nIcenI TIkA naM. 13 tathA 21 jue; tathA pR. 375 thI AgaLanI hakIkata vAMce. (12) A nAma vizeSa pramANikapaNe kabUla rakhAyuM che, kemake te vaMzanA purUSe ja potAne rASTraphUTavaMzI jaNAve che. (13) A rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjAo mULe AbhIra jAtinA purUSamAMthI utpanna thayelA manAya che. juo nIcenI TI. naM. 21. eka graMthakAre A AbhIra prajAne dakSiNamAM vasavATa hovAne lIdhe temane AMdhratyAjha tarIke lekhAvyA che. hi, hi, pR. 644 mAM temaNe lakhyuM che ke-Abhirs were not foreigners; the name Abhir originated froin Andhra-bhrutyas ( servants of the 'Andhras ). The Matsya Purana states that seven Andhra Kings sprang from the servants of the original dynas- ty=AbhIra lake paradezI nahatA. AbhIra nAmanI utpatti AMdhrabhutya (AMdhranA kRtyo-sevaka) mAMthI thaI che. matsya purANa kahe che ke, mULavaMzamAMthI sAta AMdha nRtya rAjao urdUbhavyA che. mA TIpaNa-uparanA kathanamAMthI ATalA muddA tAravI zakAya che (1) AbhIra prajA paradezI nathI (te mATe juo hiMdIzaka vizenuM mAruM kathana ) (2) AMbabhratyamAMthI AbhIra thayA che (3) AMdhrabhutya sAtanI saMkhyAmAM che (4) ane AbhIra nAmanI utpatti AMdhrabhutva jeTalI prAcIna che. A cAra mudAmAMthI. naM. 2 sivAya bAkInA traNa sAcA che (naM. 2 mATe khulAse pu. 2, 5. 103, 114 I. I. tathA pu. 4 mAM juo. ) (14) jue pR. 337, TI. naM. 16. Izvaradattane, (De. bhagavAnalAla idrajInI sUcanAne vadhAvI laIne) AbhIra hevAnuM (nIcenI TI. naM. 20 juo) mAnavAne anya vidvAne paNa lalacAyA che. (juo ke. A. re. prastAvana, pArA. 110 ane 135) ane tene samaya I. sa. 249 AsapAsa ko che. (15) jue pR. 338 TI. naM.: 17 nuM lakhANa. je te Izvaradatta aitihAsika vyakti na hatI te tenA sikkA heta ja kayAMthI? (16) i. sa. pahelI sadInI AgaLa ja thaI che. pR. 358 nI aMtanI hakIktamAM muddA naM. 4 vAMce. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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356 zakamajanA [ dazama vyavasAye athavA kameM AbhIra jAtine 17 lAge vAmAM AvyuM che eTale ja vidvAnone paNa nahapANa che. A pramANe eka sthiti che; jyAre bIjI tathA tenA jamAI rUSabhadattane dakSiNa hiMdanI sthiti ema che ke, zahavaMzI rAjAo jene bhUmi upara-godAvarI ane kRSNa nadInA mULa mULapurUSa have ApaNe rUSabhadattane harAvyo che vALA pradezamAM kAMI laDAI laData cItaravo paDyo (juo pR. 340 ) tenA pitAnuM nAma izvaradatta che; paraMtu yuddhamAM utaranAra rUSabhadatta ja prathama hato che. A rUSabhadattano samaya i. sa. pU. nI ke tenA pitA Izvaradattadeghate je yuddhamAM prathama bIjI sadInA uttarArdhano che, eTale tenA pitA koI sinyapati hato ane tenA maraNa bAda tenI Izvaradattano samaya bahu bahu te I. sa. pU nI jagyAe rUSabhadatta nImAyo hato tenI bhale ApabIjI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM gaNo rahe che. ane Nane spaSTatApUrvaka mAhitI maLatI nathI. chatAM A rUbhadatta vi. mULe zaka prajA hevAthI temanA jyAre nahapANa ane rUSabhadattane sasarA jamAI vatanamAM je mULa vyavasAya DherA cAravAno tarIkenA sagapaNa saMbaMdhane vicAra karIe chIe ane tene uchera karI parivAra vadhAravAno hato tyAre mAnavuM rahe che ke, rUSabhadattane pitA Izva te ja vyavasAya ahIM hiMdamAM AvIne paNa radatta paNa, kSatrapa nahapANane temaja mahAkSatrapa teo AdarI rahyA hatA. ane tethI ja A zaka bhUmakane, potAnA jIvanamAM yuddhakSetre sArI rIte prajA dhanurvidyAmAM tathA tiraMdAjamAM paNa upayogI thaye hevo joIe. eTale banavAjoga pravINa ane mazahura lekhAtI hatI. A rUSabha- che ke, dakSiNa dezanA koIka yuddhamAM laDatAM laDatAM dattanuM nAma ApaNane nAsika, jubera vigere te Izvaradatta maraNa pAmyo hoya, ane tethI karIne dakSiNa dezamAM AvelA zilAlekha uparathI jANa tenuM nAma A pradezamAM 21 jaLAI rahevA (1) AzIra natine jIvanapradeza gedAvarI nadInA mULavALI bhUmine gaNAvAya che. sarakhA uparanI TIkA naM. 13, tathA 14. () pR. 28 mAM TakeluM IgrejI avataraNa juo. (9) juo uparamAM pR. 110 nI hakIkata jemAM rana baLamitranuM maraNa ke tiraMdAje pheMkelA bANathI nIpajyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. vaLI te pRSTha TI. na. 17 mAM gabhIla rAnanI bInA jaNAvI che te paNa zakajhAnI tiraMdAjanA dAMtarUpa che. AnuM varNana AgaLa upara Avaze. zaka prana jema dhanurvidyAmAM praviNa gaNAtI hatI tema vaLI strIonI maryAdA sAcavavAmAM, LirakSaNamAM paNa mAthuM ApavA acakAya nahIM tevI nIti kALI hatI. A guNa temanI prajamAM keTalIye sadI : dhI utarI Age jaNAve che. tenAM daSTAMto prasaMgopAta ApaNe javatA rahIzu. (20) Izvaradatta nAmanI be vyakti mAnavI paDe che. eka nahapAnA jamAI rUSabhadattano pitA ane bIjo, ke. A. ke.mAM jagyA pramANe; ke jeNe I. sa. 149 AsapAsamAM, kSatrapa caNavaMzI mahAkSatrapothI sva. taMtra banI potAnuM rAjya godAvarIvALA pradezamAM sthApyuM che ane mahAkSatrapa nAma dhAraNa karI, sikkA paDAvyA che (juo ke. A. ke. pR. 124); chatAM tenI bata ke saMbaMdha kaI rIte jaNAvyAM ja nathI (juo uparanI TIkA. naM. 14 tathA 15.) (2) rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjAonuM asala vatana paNa godAvarI nadInA mULavALA pradezamAM-gAMvadhana samayamAM gaNya che. tema abhIra jatine DherAM cAravAno vya. vasAya paNa A pAtI pradezamAM vizeSa smRddha banyo hato ane banavA pAme, te samajI zakAya tevuM che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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parita ]. saraNanAM avazeSa 3pa7 pAmyuM hoya.22 vaLI tyAMnI AbhIra prajAnuM mULa23, A izvaradatta sAthe utarI AvelI paNa pAchaLathI laDAI jItAyA bAda tyAM TharIThAma thaIne vasI rahelI 24, zaka prajAmAMthI udbhavyuM heya te kAMI akalpanIya re tema nathI. A pramANe bIjI sthiti thaI. vaLI trIjI sthiti ema che ke, A rUSabhadattanuM rAjya saurASTramAM sthApita thayuM hatuM. tema itihAsamAM prasiddha thayelI Ahira-AbhIra prajAnI haiyAti I. sa.nI bIjI trIjI sadImAM dharAya che, ane tenuM sthAna A saurASTra dezamAM ja kalpAyuM che. vaLI A AbhIra prajAne mULa dhaMdhe Dhere cAravAne, Dhora ucherane ane ghaDAnI olAda sudhAravAne mukhyapaNe hatA. temAMthI potAnI kAbeliyatane lIdhe keTalAke acchA ghaDesvAra banI, kSatriya ne guNa prApta karI, rAjapati banI beThA che; jethI sArASTradezanA prakhyAta rA'vaMzI 25 (athavA rAhavaMzI 26 rAjAo jemane samaya I. sa. nI AThamI navamI sadIthI joDAyo che, paraMtu banavAjoga che ke, kadAca te pahelAM paNa 27 heya) vaLI jemanI utpatti vidvAnoe uparokta AbhIra prajA sAthe joDI che. taduparAMta A AbhIra prajAmAM joDesvArI sAthe, strImaryAdA ane ziyaLa rakSaNanuM khamIra8 TheTha zaka prajAmAMthI utarI AveluM hovAthI 29 rAhavaMzI rAjAmAMnA kheMgAra jevA30 saurASTrapatio te, solaMkIkuLabhUSaNa (22) jaLavAI rahyAnuM kahevuM paDayuM che te eTalA mATe ke, Izvaradatta jema yuddhamAM marAyo hato tema, bhale tenA anya jJAtijane-zakajhAnA-paNa marAyA hatA, chatAM keTalAka te A sthaLe ja rahIne vastI vasAvI rahI gayA hatA. kALAMtare teo AMdhrapati zAtakaraNInI prajA banI gayA hatA : ane te bAda keTaleya kALe A saghaLAM AbhIrapatie rASTrakaTavaMzI rAja tarIke khIlI nIkaLyA hatA ema anumAna dorAya che. (23) sarakhA u5ranI TI. naM. 21 nI hakIkata. (24) bhUmakanA samaye tema ja pitAnA rAjaamalamAM nahapANu ane rUSabhadatte A bhUmi upara kamamAM kama 50 varSa sattA bhogavI che tethI zakapja TharIThAma thaI hatI ema kahI zakAya. (25) saiArASTranA jema rA" ke rAha kahevAya che, tema kacchanA rAva kahevAya che. kacchanA rAva kahevAtA bhUpatione saiArASTranA rA'bhUpatio sAthe saMbaMdha haze ke kema te tapAsavuM rahe che sarakhAvo uparanI TI. naM.9 vALA lakhANamAM keTaleka vaga vacce AvatA kacchamAM rahyo." te zabdo) (26) rA' kheMgAra, ra" ne ghaNu, rA" graharipu vigere rAjanaono vaMza rA" vaMza tarIke oLakhAvA che. A rA' vaMzI rAjAonuM pATanagara saiArASTranuM giri- nagara-jIrNa daga-vartamAna jUnAgaDha gaNAya che. (27) rA'vaMzI rAjaonI utpatti kayAre thaI che te jaNAyuM nathI. paNa eTaluM dharAya che ke, jyAre temanA purUSa AThamI navamI sadImAM vidyamAna hatA tyAre teo pUra vaibhavazALI hatA eTale te pUrve keTalAya samayathI temanuM astitva thaI javA pAmyuM hovuM joie, ema anumAna karAya che. (28) jue uparanI TI. naM. 19no aMtima bhAga. (29) jue uparanI TI. naM.19 ne aMtima bhAga. (30) A hakIkata upara nIcenuM vAkaya kAMIka prakAza pADaze ema dhArI ahIM te utAryuM che. (nahapANu kSaharATa mATe lakhatAM lekhake potAnA vicAre You ). " Kshabarata was prououuced long ago to resemble Pbrahates, one of the Arsacidae by Dr. Stephenson: but he supposed Nahapana was a vicery of Phrabates... Dr. Bhau Daji thinks (J. B. B. R. A. VIII P. 239) Ksharata & Phrahates is the same; again this Kshaharata is spelt Khagrata which is the Magadhi form of Khaharata. The popular name of Kbengar in Kathiawar ( as he suppoges ) is derived from Khagrata=ArasIDAI vaMzanA (pR. 145 sAme coMTADela koThAmAM Ara Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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358 rUSabhadattanuM [ dazama gUrjaranareza siddharAja jayasiMha sAthe laDavA sudhI che. eTale uparanI traNe vastusthitinuM dahana ane sarvasva gumAvI besavA sudhI paNa taiyAra karavAmAM Avaze te eTalo niSkarSa kADhI zakAze thaI gayA hatA; A sarva hakIkata satI rANakadevIne ke, (1) saurASTranI AbhIra prajAne ane dakSiNanI itihAsa uparathI31 eTalI badhI suprasiddha che AbhIra prajAne kAMika saMbaMdha hovo joIe ke tenuM vizeSa varNana karavA jarUra rahetI nathI. (2) zaka prajAnAM keTalAMka svabhAvotpanna lakSaNe tema ja kAThiyAvADanA keTalAka bahAravaTIAo paNa jevAM ke pazupAlana, tiraMdAjI, ghoDesvArI, pitAnI bIjI vRtti mATe bhale niMdApAtra gaNAya strI sanmAna I. I. AbhIra prajAmAM utarelAM che, chatAM strImaryAdAnA rakSaNa temaja strI sanmAna najare paDe che. (3) trikUTaka athavA rASTravaMzI mATe to paMkAyelA ja mAlUma paDyA che. A badhA rAjAo te dakSiNa pradezanI AbhIra prajArUpa uparathI kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, sArASTramAM daSTAMta-lekhavA tathA rA-rAhavaMzI rAjAone paNa eka AbhIra prajA vasI rahI jaNAI che, saurASTra pradezanI AbhIra prajAnA umarAvo lekhavA ke jemAM, zaka prajAnAM jevAM ja sadgaNe (4) ane hiMdIzaka prajAne samaya bhale I. sa. aneka sadIo sudhI utarI AvelAM aitihAsika pU. nI pahelI athavA bIjI sadIne gaNAya che; daSTie noMdhAyelAM che. ane A saurASTrabhUmi tathA AbhIra prajAne samaya bhale IsvInI upara rUSabhadattanA vaMze rAjyaamala paNa bhogavyo pahelI, bIjI ke trIjI sadIne gaNAte heya are ! sekasa vaMza che te) keTesane maLato ja uccAra kSaharATane eka aMza tarIke ja sarve vadhAvI le che, jyAre koI che ema che. sTIvanasanane mata che. paNa nahapANane te sAmAnya mANasa bhale satyapUrNa ane pramANika AdhAra keTesane sUbe dhArato hato. De. bhAudAjIne mata ema sAthenI vAta rajU kare, te paNa jo te rajUAta pUrvabaddha che ke ( juo. ja. . . . e. se. pu. 8, pR. maMtavyathI bhinna paDatI hoya, te te sUcanane Adara maLe 239 ) kSaharATa ane keTesa bane eka ja che. vaLI kSaha- te eka bAju rahyo, paNa UlaTuM tene teDI pADavAne rATa(zabda)nI joDaNInA zabdAkSara khagarATa pramANe prayatna karAya che ane hAsyapAtra banAvAya che. A thAya che, jene mAgadhI za6 khaharATa che, (tenA mata graMthanA lekhaka tarapha vidvAne A vartAve te pramANe ) kAThiyAvADanuM suprasiddha nAma (je) kheMgAra sAmAnya thaI paDavAnuM mAluma paDyuM che. ] (che) te khagarATamAMthI ja nIkaLyuM che." AkhA (31) zAka tathA AbhIra prajamAM ziyaLarakSaNa tarIke vAkyane sAra e dekhAya che ke, lekhakanI matalaba, saharATa, marI phITavAnI vRttine AraMbha che. khagarATa ane kheMgAra-A traNe zabdane kAMIka saMbaMdha (32) ghaNu bahAvaTIAo vize kiMvadaMti saMbhahevA pUrata jaNAvavAnI che. jyAre ApaNe ema tAraNa thAya che ke tene jyAre vaTemArguone bheTe thaI jAya che karavuM rahe che ke, nahapANu kSaharATane ane kheMgAra rA' tyAre kevaLa purUSavargane ja herAna kare che paNa strIone ne amuka aMze maLatApaNuM (svabhAve ke amuka guNu kaMI paNa raMjaDa karatA nathI, UlaTA temane sanmAnapUrvaka para) hatuM eTale temAM sUcana che kharUM. para besArIne potAnI anya luMTanuM kArya Ape che. [mAruM TIpaNu kreITasa, kSaharATa, khagarATa ke kheMgAra eTaluM ja nahIM, paNuM ne koI strI temanA upara kAMIka zabdone arasaparasa uccAramAM ke vyutpattimAM keTaluM upakAra batAvatI dekhAya . te strIne potAnI bahena sAmya gaNAya te prazna alaga rAkhIe, paNa jaNAvavAnuM gaNI, vIrapasalI tarIke bhAI taraphathI benane apAtI bheTa ke nAmAMkita vidvAno je kAMI taka, vitaka ke kalpanA tarIke athavA tene sAdI bhASAmAM bahenane kApaDuM devuM kare, pachI bhale te bahu ja vicitra heya chatAM tene vidyAnA bolAya che) sArI bakSIza ApI raMjIta kare che.

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pariccheda ] tethI paNa pUrvanA ke pAchaLanA lekhAte thAya tAye-te banne prajAnAM hiMdamAMnA vasavATanA samaya vize, kAMika aMtara teA rahelu dekhAya che ja; ke je aMtarakALamAM mULanI prajAe (hiMdI zakAe ) potAnA keTalAka tAmasa prakRtirUpa azA bhUlI jaI-kha'kherI nAMkhI-rajasa ane ejasa zAne vizeSapaNe khIlavyA hatA 3. jethI hiMdIzaka prajA je asalamAM keTaleka aMze paradezI gaNAtI rahI hatI tene badale have tenI gaNanA zuddha Aya prajAmAM ja gaNavI paDe tevI sthiti nIpajAvI dIdhI hatI.34 ane A cAre muddAne sakSepIne eka ja vAkayamAM tenA sAra jo kADhI batAvavA hAya tA ema kahI zakAze ke, saurASTranI temaja dakSiNanI sarve AbhIra prajAne asalI hiMdIzaka prajAnAM avazeSarUpe gaNavI paDaze,35 jIvanavRttAMta tenuM jAtIya nAma to uSabhadAtta ja hatuM ema dekhAya che, paNa zilAlekhAmAM jyAM ne tyAM teNe rUSabhadatta tarIke potAne ALakhAvyA A pheraphAra karavAnAM kAraNamAM ( 1) che. ( 33) A khIlavaNI thavAnu kAraNa temaNe karela sthaLAMtaranu" pariNAma paNa hoya, jIe pR. 154mAM temaNe sArASTramAM karela sthAnanA parivartanavALI hakIkata. (34) havethI temanu` nAma hiMdIzaka miTAvIne tarIke ja gaNavAnuM che. sarakhAve nIcenuM A TI. na. 3pa. ( 35 ) temanA AcAravicAramAM ati vizALa paNe parivartana thaI gayuM hovAthI have temane mULa nAmathI na oLakhatAM anya nAmathI oLakhavAnuM TharA vAya che mATe avaroSa rAbda vAparyAM che. ( 3 ) A. hiM. 4. pR. 142:-The tendency certainly was for Indo-Greek Princes and people to become Hind Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 359 hiMdI zakapraznae have hiMdamAM vasavATa karavA mAMDela hAvAthI tema ja hiMdIonAM sahacaya ane sa MsargAne lIdhe temanA AcAravicAranuM anuka raNa karavA mAMDeluM hovAthI 6 paNa DAi zake ( 2 ) chatAM vizeSata: te| dhArmika sthitimAM tenuM mULa pravarte che; kemake ApaNe jANItA thaI gayA chIe ke, kSaharATA ane hiMdI zake| dhame jaina matAnuyAyIo37 hatA. vaLI jaina AmnAyamAM je cAvIza tIrthaMkara gaNAya che temAMnA Adi purUSanu nAma te AdinAtha athavA rUSabhadeva lekhAve che. eTale A upabhadAtta potAnA dharmanA Adi pravartakanA nAmane anusaratuM ja peAtAnu nAma TharAve ane temAM AnaMda sAthe dharmAbhimAna dharAve, te sAjI zakAya tevuM che. A sabaMdhamAM ke, ddhi, i. te vidvAna lekhaka39 potAnA abhiprAya darzAve che ke"Names ending in Varman and Datta show that they had become tenAM nAmaka umara ane samaya tized rather than for the Indian rajas and their subjects to be Helinised=hiMdI rAjA ane temanI prazna helInIka-grIka-sa'skRti grahaNa kare te karatAM, hiMdI-grIka rAkha ane prazna hiM'dI saMskRti dhAraNa karyuM javAnuM valaNa acUkapaNe dekhAI Ave che. ( 37) jIe pR. 353 TI. na. 6. ( 38 ) uparanI TI. na. 36 ane 37 nI hakItane A sthiti samarthanarUpa nIvaDe che. tema A uparathI ema paNa puravAra thaI jAya che ke, te prajA mULathI hiMda mahAranI hatI; paNa pachI ja hiMdamAM AvIne vasI rahI hatI, vaLI jue pR. 33 nu' lakhANa tathA tenI TI. na. 19 nI hakIkata, (39) jIe kaeN, hiM, iM. pU. pa0, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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360 rUSabhadattanuM [ dazama Hinduized and claimed to be40 Ksh- atriyas=nAmanA atyAre varmana ane datta hoya te ema sUcave che ke, teo hiMdI banI gayA che ane kSatriya thavAnI lAyakAtavALA che." A uparathI samajAze ke, teo bhale asalamAM mAtra jaMgalI prajAnA sabhya hatA, paNa have hiMdamAM rahIne saMskRtinA baLe teo kSatriya jevA banI gayA hatA ane rAjapATagya tathA prajAnA rakSaNahAra ane pAlakasamA nIvaDyA hatA. uparamAM joI gayA chIe ke, teNe pitAnA sasarA nahapANa ane meTA sasarA bhUmakanA samaye yuddhakauzalya batAvIne keTalAya dezo chatI lIdhA hatA. te uparathI siddha thAya che ke, te samaye tenI umara kamamAM kama se ne ravIne saMgrAmamAM vyuharacanA karavA jevI hovI ja joIe. ApaNe tenI aTakaLa 30 thI 35 varSanI karAvIe. bhUmakanA nAmane koI zilAlekha to nathI ja; paNa nahapANu kSatrapanA nAme je zilA- lekhe che temAM 45 ne AMka moTAmAM moTe seMdhAyo che; je uparathI bhUmakanA rAjyaamalane ane nahapANanA kSatrapapadane aMta te sAlamAM AvyAnuM gaNAvAyuM che. chatAMye tenI pUrvanA-eTale 40, 41 ne AMkavALA zilAlekhamAMthI paNa e ja dhvani nIkaLe che ke, te chata meLavavAmAM rUSabhadattane hAtha hatA ja, eTale rUAbhadatte kamamAM kama pAMca sAta varSa te sainyanA agraNI tarIkenuM pada dhAraNa karyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM rahe che. A hisAbe bhUmakanA maraNa samaye tenI umara 40 thI 45 hevAnuM TharAvI zakAya che; ane bhUmaka bAda, nahANanuM rAjya, mahAkSatrapa tarIke ATha nava mAsanuM ane avaMtinA rAjA tarIke cAlIsa varSanuM noMdhAyuM che. eTale nahapANanA maraNa samaye rUSabhadattanI umara lagabhaga 85-86 varSe pahoMcI hatI temAM jarUra mAnI zakAya. ane teTalI umare teNe rAjA banI zAhIvaMzanI sthApanA karI kahevAya. have prazna e thAya che ke, teTalI umare te kharekhara haiyAta hatA ke? ane jo haiyAta hote ja te pachI keTalA varSa gAdIpati tarIke te jIvaMta rahyo haze? A praznano javAba meLavavAne kaI zilAlekha ke sikkAnA purAvA nathI ja; paNa nAsikanA traNa zilAle 41 naM. 35, 36, ane 37, jemAM koI sAla nathI (undated ); temaja anyamAM jema nahapAnuM nAma Ave che tema AmAM tenuM nAma paNa nathI. eTale svabhAvika rIte ema anumAna upara javAya che ke, te traNe zilAlekho tenA svataMtra gAdIpati banyA pachInA banAvanI noMdha lenArA hevA joIe. vaLI naM. 37 mAM te tenI sAthe tenA putra mitra devaNakanuM nAma kotarAyeluM paNa mAluma paDe che, jethI banavA yogya che ke te samaye pote gAdIpati heya ane putra devaka 42yuvarAja pade (40) A u5rathI ema samajAya che ke, hiMdumAM AgaLa upara vadhAre spaSTapaNe samajaze. juo gUrjacAra vaNuM je manAya che ane jemAM eka kSatriya vALo parigrApha. kahevAya che te vargamAM keIne gaNAvavuM hoya te tene (41)juo ko. o. re. prastAvanA pR. 58-59. janma sAthe saMbaMdha nathI paNa baLa ane parAkrama sAthe (42) AthI noMdha levI ghaTe che ke jema nahapAchuM saMbaMdha che. matalaba ke, brAhmaNa paNa kSatriya thaI zake, pote kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa ke rAjA I. padavI potAnA vezya paNa thaI zake ane zudra paNa thaI zake. vaNane nAma sAthe joDatA hatA, tema rUSabhadatte koI paNa IlkAba janma sAthe baha levAdevA nathI. A sthiti bApane pitAnA nAma sAthe ke putranA nAma sAthe lagADa nathI. Shree Sudhammaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] jIvanavRttAMta 36 heya. chatAM ye sarvatra tArIkha vinAnuM kAma hevAthI, jema ApaNe te upara madAra paNa bAMdhI zakatA nathI tema ApaNuM muzkelIne ukela paNa temAMthI maLI zakatA nathI. paraMtu temAM ujaina zabda lakhela che. jo ke rUSabhadatta pate te unapatiavaMtipati kadI banyuM ja nathI eTale naM. 32 no zilAlekha tenA sasarA nahapANanA avaMtipati tarIkenA rAjayaamala daramyAna kotarAvAyo hoya ema dhAravuM vizeSa vajanadAra gaNaze. chatAM jyAre gautamIputra zAtakaraNI jevA AMdhrapatinA sikkAmAM paNa, te kadIye avaMtipati na banyo hovA chatAM, urjananuM cihna najare paDe che, tyAre ema vicA- rAya che ke zilAlekhamAM rUSabhadano prathama eka paddhatinI zarUAta karI haze ane pAchaLathI te daSTAMtane majabUtI ApavA te ja paddhatinuM anu- karaNa gautamIputre paNa karyuM haze.43 matalaba ke, amuka prasaMge, sthAnane saMbaMdha na hovA chatAM paNa urjananuM cihna chetarAvAyuM che tema ja nAma paNa levAyuM che. eTale tevA kissAmAM mAtra avaMtinA sthAnanI te samaye aitihAsika mahattA batAvavA pUratuM ja lekhavuM rahe che. paNa jyAre bhUmaka ane nahapANa bannenuM AyuSya 90 thI 100 varSa sudhInuM sAbita karAyuM che, tyAre A rUSabhadattanuM paNa teTalI ja hadanuM dhArI levAne kAMI akAraNa nathI. matalaba ke, maraNa samaye tenI umara lagabhaga so varSanI hatI. samaya bAbatamAM jaNAze ke, teNe I. sa. pU. 74 mAM pitAnA vaMzanI sthApanA karI hatI eTale te samayathI teno rAjyaamala zarU thayo kahevAya. tenA vaMzane aMta I. sa. pU. para nA arasAmAM (juo AgaLa Ipara) Avyo che. eTale bAvIsa varSa sudhI tene vaMza cAlyo kahevAya. temAM tene putranuM nAma paNa Ave che, eTale pitAputre maLane teTalo samaya rAjaya karyuM ema mAnI laIe, te kamamAM kama tenuM rAjya paMdarathI soLa varSa cAlyuM hovAnuM mAnI zakAze; jethI tenA rAjyano samaya i. sa. pU. 74 thI 58= 16 varSane gaNIe te sahIsalAmata kahI zakAze. ane tyArapachI tene putra gAdIe beThe hato ema gaNavuM raheze. rAjakartAnI rAjayasattA TharAvanArUM je koI pramANika ane vajanadAra tatva ItihAsakArone prAcIna samaye jaNAyuM heya tene te te zilAlekha ane sikakArAjya enuM ja kahI zakAya tema che. vistAra temAMthI koI sikkAmAM te rUSabhadattanuM nAma jaDI AvyAnuM jANamAM nathI AvatuM; paNa zilAlekhamAM nahapANanA nAma sAthe rUSabhadattanuM nAma kotarAyeluM maLI Ave che kharuM; jemake, prabhAsapATaNa, puSkara, (43) eka zilAlekha gautamIputranI mAtA pANI baLazroe potAnA putre kSaharATa ane zakhrana upara je asIma vijaya meLavela tenI nedharUpe katarAvela che. vaLI nahapANa ane rUSabhadatta sAthe aMdhapati- ene rAjakIya kAraNasara vera baMdhAyuM hatuM. A pramANenA sarva prasaMgenI jyAre yAda karIe chIe tyAre, manuSya sahaja manavRtti je arasaparasanuM anukaraNa karI, duzmanane halake pADavAnI hoya che te atra mahaNa karAI hoya ema anumAna bAMdhI zakAya che. (44) AmAM pheraphAra paNa thaI zake tema lAge che. juo nIcenI TI, naM. 71. (45) izvaradattanuM nAma hajI jaNAyuM hoya ema ke. A, 2. nA kahevA mujaba samajAya che. juo. pR. 355, TI. naM. 15 nI hakIkta, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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362 rUSabhadattane [ dazama junera, kArlA, nAsika, sapArA ItyAdimAM. vaLI ghaNuMkharAmAM sAla paNa mAMDela che. tene aMka 40 thI 45 ane 46 sudhIno che. te sarva AMkane kSaharATa bhUmaka ane nahapANane saMbaMdha che ema paNa ApaNe puravAra karI gayA chIe, eTale teNe pitAnA zvazura pakSa sAthe joDAIne yuvAna avasthAmAM ja rAjakIya kArakIrdIno AraMbha karyo hatA ema jaNAya che. tethI mi. resana sAcuM ja kahe che ke "Apart from the two places ( Prabhas and Pushkar ) which were under the direct control, probably both within Nahapana's dominions but not under the direct control of Rishabhadatta: the inscriptions at Nasik and Karle seem to show that hetruled as Nabapana's viceroy over S. Gujarat and the Northern Konkan from Broach to Sopara and over the Poona and Nasik districts of the Mahratecountry=prabhAsa ane puSkara- nAmanI be jagyA je ghaNuM karIne nahapANanA rAjyamAM ja ane tenI sIdhI hakumatamAM hatI paNa rUpabhadattanI sIdhI dekharekhamAM nahotI te sivA. yanA, nAsika ane kAnA zilAlekhothI sAbita thAya che ke, nahapANanA pratinidhi tarIke te (rUSabhadatta) dakSiNa gujarAta, bharUcathI sopArA sudhIno uttara kAMkaNu prAMta temaja marAThA pradezanA punA ane nAsika jIllAo upara rAjya calAvate hato." eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke, nahapANanA samaye ja rUSabhadatta gujarAta, kaNa ane punA jIllAvALo bhAga chatI laIne te upara sattAdhikAra bhogavyo hato, paNa prabhAsa (saurASTra) ane puSkara (ajameranI pAse) nA pradeza upara rUSabhadattanI sattA nahatI. tyAM te nahapANanI potAnI ja duvAI cAlatI hatI. game tema hatuM. ahIM ApaNe nahapANa ke rUSabhadatta-ekenI chata vizenA ke rAjasattAnA hakumatavALA pradezanA bArika bhedanI mimAMsAmAM utaravAnuM prayojana nathI. paNa atre te jaNAvavAnuM eTaluM ja che ke mahAkSatrapa bhUmakane je rAjyavistAra gAdIe besatAM maLyo hato temAM nahapANe tathA rUSabhadatte ghaNo (upara jaNAvela sthaLanI bhUmine) vadhAro karI lIdho hate. ane te jIta meLavavAmAM je parAkrama tathA vIrya rUSabhadatte pheravyAM hatAM tene yaza jo ke tene khAte caDAvI zakAya kharo; chatAM te samaye te sarvasattAdhArI rAjakartA na hevAthI, jema anekanA kissAmAM upara banI gayuM che tema, A rUSabhadattanI bAbatamAM paNa mAtra noMdha laIne ja aTakavuM paDe che. paraMtu bhUmakanI pachI gAdIe AvanAra tarIke te sarva mulaka, nahapANane maLela. te bAda temAM pote avaMti deza jItIne je vRddhi karI hatI te avaM. tine pradeza, tenA mRtyu bAda, je purUSa avaMtipati thayo hato tenA hisse cAlyo gayela hate. eTale 4rUSabhadattanA bhAge te, bhramaka mahAkSatrapanA sAmrAjyane vistAra ja lA hatA. temAM kAMI vadhAre karavA jevuM sthAna ke avakAza tenA mATe rahyAM hatAM nahIM, kemake te gAdIe Avyo tyAre tenI umara ja eTalI badhI moTI thai gaI hatI ke, koI pradeza jItavA mATe yuddha karI (46) jUo ke, A. ke. prastAvanA pR. 57. (47) jue che. eN. pU. 75, 44 tathA ja. je. e. se. 1905, 5. 230. (48) rAjyaprApti samaye tenI umara 85 varSa lagabhaganI hatI. juo pR. 360, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ]. rAjyavistAra 363 zake tevI zakti ja dharAvato tene na kahI zakAya. te saMbaMdhI vizeSa khAtrI ApaNane bIjA eka aiti hAsika banAva uparathI 9 paNa maLI zake che. vaLI che. phalITa jevA vidvAnanuM je maMtavya che te temaNe te anya prasaMga mATe bhale derI batAvyuM che, chatAM te sthiti A hiMdI zaka prajAnI bAbatamAM sarvIze lAgu paDatI ane satyapUrNa havAthI atre jaNAvavI Avazyaka samajuM chuM. teo kahe che ke50-" There are no real grounds for thinking that the Sakas ever figured as invaders of any part of N. India above Kathiawar and the Southern and the Western parts of the territory known as Malwa kAThiyAvADanI uparanA uttara hiMdamAM, ke hAla je pradezane mALavA kahevAya che tenI dakSiNanA ane pazcimanA koI bhAga upara zaka prajAe kadI paNa AkramaNa karavAmAM AgaLa paDate bhAga lIdhe heya evuM mAnavAne keAI majabUta purAvA maLatA nathI." eTale temanuM kahevuM ema thAya che ke, mALavA ane kAThiyAvADa sivAya tenI uttara, dakSiNa ke pazcima ema koI paNa dizAethI temaja hiMdanA upara kaI paNa bhAgamAM zaka prajAe kadI paNa caDAI karI nathI. A uparathI je je vidvAne mojhIjha Adi pArthiansane, cakraNa Adi kSatrapane, bhUmaka, nahapANa Adi kSaharAne zakaprajAnI gaNanAmAM mUkI rahyA che, te svayaM samajI zakaze ke teo ekabIjAthI keTale aMze bhinna paDI jAya che. bIjI prajA karatAM. zaka prajA kyA kayA kAraNe nirALI pADI zakAya tema che, te muddAo avasara prApta thatAM aneka zaka, zAhI vakhata jaNAvI cUkyA chIe. ane temAM keTalAka sIdhI rIte zahenazAhI (direct ) ane keTalAka ADakatarI rIte (indirect) temaja keTalAka bakAta paddhatie (by way of elimination) paNa carcAyA che. uparAMta je koI vizeSa dhyAna kheMcavA lAyaka ke itihAsanI daSTie upayogI nIvaDe tevA dekhAya che te ane jaNAvIza. (1) saharATa-bhUmaka, nahapANa tathA anya mahAkSatrae jyAM samayadarzana karyuM che tyAM, kAM te AMkanI saMkhyA jaNAvI che athavA te varSa, rUtu ane mAsa paNa darzAvyA che, paNa Izvaradatta ane rUSabhadattanI peThe, pitAnA rAjya ATalA varSe, evI paddhati grahaNa karI nathI. A uparathI jaNAya che ke, rUSabhadatta pite kSaharATa jAtine nathI ja; bAkI to teNe pote ja pitAne zaka tarIke oLakhAvela che. (2) mathurAnA mahAkSatrapa kSaharATa rAjuvulanI paTarANIe siMhastUpanI puna: sthApanA karatI vakhate sarve kSatrapone nimaMtraNa mokalyA hatA. te samayanA te sarvanAM nAma sAthe kSaharATa (49) AgaLa upara gabhIla vaMzanA vRttAMte, zakajhananA AgamanavALI hakIkata juo. (50) ja. ro. e. se. 1905. pR. 230 (51) teonI mAnyatA kayAM kayAM khoTI ane A raste laI janArI che te ApaNe aneka vakhata A AkhA SaSama khaDe batAvI ApyuM che. vizeSa mATe juo. uparamAM pR. 305 TI. naM. 1 ne havAle. (52) ke, e. i. 5. 105:-Ushavadatta the son-in-law of Nahapana, calls him self a saka=nahapANane jamAI uSavadatta potAne zaka tarIke oLakhAve che. ke. A, 2. prastAva 5. 58 lekha naM. 32.

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364 zabda joDAyAnuM jaNAyuM che paNa temAM rUSabhadattane nimayAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. nahIM teA, jyAre bhUmaka ane nahapANane khelAvAyA che tyAre tenA jamAi rUSabhadatta vidyamAna paNa hatA eTaluM ja nahIM paNa eka zaktivaMta ane mahAna vyakti tarIke prakhyAta paNa thai cUkayA hatA, te tene kAM nimaMtraNa na mekalyu ? matalaba kSaharATa jAtinA nahAtA. sabhadatta eka sarakhA traNa ( 3 ) AgaLa ApaNA vAMcavAmAM-jANuvAmAM Avaze ke, jyAre atinI gAdIe ga bhIla vaMzanA AdipurUSa rAjA daNa hatA ane teNe jainAcArya kAlikasUrinI bahenane sarasvatI sAdhvIne-peAtAnA janAnAmAM gAMdhI rAkhI, AkhA jaina sadharnuM apamAna karyu` hatu` tyAre tenA pratikAra karavA, majakura kAlikasUrie hiMda bahAranI je zaka prajAne sahakAra meLavyeA hateA, te sarve prathama saurASTra raste utaryAM hatA. tema te samaye varSArUtu besI gai hatI, jethI keTalAka vakhata saurASTramAM ja sthita thaIne rahyA hatA. pachIthI A prajAe gabhIla rAjA upara caDAi lai jai avaMti jItI lIdhuM' hatuM ane tyAMnA gAdIpati banI beThA hatA. A pramANe eka sthiti thai. jyAre khIjI sthiti kema hatI te vicArIe, rAjA nahepANu kSaharATanA maraNu bAda atinI gAdIe gabhIla vaMza AvyA che. eTale ke kharA hakadAra naHpANunA jamAI rUSabhadatta hatA chatAM teNe gAdI khathAvI pADI (53) jhuo uparamAM " temanuM saraN ane sthiti " vALA pArigrAph ( 54 ) jIo nIcenI TI, naM. 73, (55) jue uparamAM pR. 354 nI hakIkata. (56) A sthiti ema sUcave che ke, rAja rUSabhadatta ekdama ati vRddha thaI gayA. haro athavA maraNa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama 14 hatI.53 matalaba ke, tyArathI rUSabhadatta ane gabhIla banne eka khIjAnA vairI banyA gaNAya. tA pachI jyAre rAjA gabhIlane ThekANe lAvavAne jarUra paDI tyAre, kAlikasUrie, gabIlanA ja vairI ane tenA ja pADeAzIpapa (kAraNa ke gardabhIlanI avatinI hada ane rUpabhadattanI gujarAtanI hada banne aDIaDIne hatI ) rUSabhadattane kAM AmaMtraNa na karyuM ?pa6 vaLI te rUSabhadatta te jaina dharmI ja hatA. tema A kArya kAinuM aMgata nahetu paNa svadharmanI avahelanA thatI bacAvavA mATe hatuM. eTale kAlakasUrine te peAtAthI banatI sa madada karata ja; chatAM kAlikasUrie rUJabhadattatI madadanA prayAsa, yAcanA ke svIkAra kAM paNa karyo vinA, TheTha hiMdanI bahAranI koi prazna upara zA mATe dhyAna pahoMcADayuM ? ane te paNa bhale thAna pahoMcADayuM te pahAMcADayuM paNa jayAre kAlikasUri te sane lakhate pAchA pharyAM tyAre temanA lAvalaskarane, potAnA prAMta sArASTramAM rUSabhadatte zA mATe Azraya ApyA ? A pramANenI tathA upara varNavAyelI sthitine jo sAthe vicAra karIzu teA saheja mAlUma paDaze ke kAlikasUrie AmaMtrita prajA ane A rUSabhadatta ema bane eka khIjAnA saMbaMdhI hAvA joie ( nahIM to peAtAnA prAMtamAM Azraya Apata nahIM.) temaja rUSabhadatta karatAM A mahArathI Avela prajA vizeSakhaLavAna heAvI joie. eTale jyAre rUSabhadattane-DisitheianyahiMdI zaka tarIke ApaNe oLakhI rahyA chIe tyAre pathArIe haraze. ane je maraNa pAmyo.DAya te tenA sthAne tenA yuvAna putra gAdIe beThA hAtha jenAmAM rAna gabhIlanI sAme thavA jevuM sAmarthya nahIM dekhAyuM hoya. uparanI sadhaLI paristhitinA vicAra karatAM te vRddha banI jaI pathArIvaza hovAnu anumAna karavuM vadhAre baMdha besatu' gaNAro. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] bahArathI temanA je jJAtijane kAlikasUri lai AvyA che temane ApaNe sAdA zaka-sithiansa-17 nA nAmathI ja oLakhavA rahe che. A navI prajAmAM aneka nAnA meTA tAlukadAro hatAM. te sarve 'zAhI' kahevAtA ane tethI temanA je mukhya saradAra gaNAtA tene 'zahenazAhezAhI' kahevAmAM AvatA. te ja pramANe A rUSabhadatta paNa zaka prajAneA eka saradAra gaNI zakAya ane te hiMsAme tene paNa zAhI saradAra ja kahI zakAya. je uparathI teNe potAnA vaMzane ' zAhIza ' nuM upanAma Apyu' che te paNa yAgya ja karI zakAze. vaLI rUSabhadatta potAnI jAtanA meTA saradArane potAnA ja mulakamAM-saurASTramAM-rahevAne kAmacalAu sthAna karI Ape tathA peAtAnA dharakSaNa nimitte Adarela yuddhamAM sahakAra ApI tenA lazkarane potAnA mulakamAMthI kUca karavAnA mAga karI Ape temAM zaMkA rAkhavAnu' kAM' kAraNu nathI; temaja i. sa. pU. 64 mAM ga bhIlane harAvyA bAda yAreA zahenazAhI padavI dharAvatA zakarAjA atipati banyA che tyAre A rUSabhadattavALI prajA saurASTramAM ja rahIne hukumata calAvavAmAM AnaMda mAnI rahI hatI. A pramANe zaka prajAnA zAhI ane zahenazAhI vaMzanI samajUti samajavAnI che. zabdanA arthanA bheda (4) keTalAka rAjakartAne upAdhirUpe je kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa zabdo lagADAyA che te ja batAvI Ape che ke, teo irAnIana athavA ekaTrIana prajAnI saMskRtinI asara nIce hatA; jemake, (57) Amane lagatu vizeSa vRttAMta tA gabhIla vazanA Alekhana vakhate Avaro ja. ahIM te| mAtra vastusthiti samajavA puratuM TUMka varNana ja apAyuM che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 365 bhUma, napANu, rAjukula, caRNu Adi. pachI bhale te sarve eka ja jAtinA na hoya temaja ekaja rAjavaMzanI sattA taLe na heAya; paNa kSatrapa-saradAra, te hoddo ja ema sUcave che ke temanA mAthe evA kAI khIjA rAjapurU SanI sarvoparI sattA hAvI joie ke je IrAnI athavA aa yavana bAdazAhI hakumatanA mukhya rAjakama cArI-kaNuM dhAra paNa heAya. jyAre rUSabhadatta ke tenA vArasadAramAMthI kAInA nAmanI joDe, kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa ke tenA jevA kAi paNa zabda joDAyA hAya ema hajI sudhI eka paNa purAvA ApaNane maLyA nathI. matalaba ke, te taddana eka svataMtra prajA hatI. ( vaLI vizeSa mATe nIcenI na. 5 kalama jIe ). ( 5 ) pR. 145 upara joDAyalA kAThA uparathI samajAze ke, hiMdI samrATA potAne empararabAdazAha, cakravartI ke tevA ja upanAme lagA DatA. vanapatie, mahArAjA=Great Kings, yeAnapati mAtra rAjAe=Kings ane irAnavALAe zahenazAha athavA mahArAdhirAjapa8= King of Kings lakhatA; jyAre A zAhI ke zahenazAhI vazanA rAjA pote taddana svataMtra prajAnI olAda hovA chatAM, kAIpaNa jAtanI upAdhi rahita hatA. eTale samajAya che ke, teo AvI upAdhione bahu vajanadAra ke kiMmatI lekhatA nahIM. pachI temanI ochI saMskAritAsUcaka te cinha hoya ke, potAnA mAthe agAu ghaNA dhaNI gayA DAvAthI te aneka vAra svata Mtra nI pAchA (58) AgaLa upara vaLI ApaNane jaNAvAro ke kuzANava'zIo paNa peAtAne mahArAnadhirAjanI padavI lagADatA hatA. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rUSabhadate karelAM [dazama vaLI haLavA thaI gayela hovAthI59 temane sattAne mada pIgaLI gayela hatA eTale nirabhimAna banI gayA hatA te batAvavA mATe heya, te ApaNe kahI zakatA nathI. zaka, zAhI ane zahenazAhI pade kene kone ane kevA saMjogomAM lagADI zakAtA hatA te spaSTa karavAmAM uparanI pAMca dalIle kAMIka upayogI nIvaDaze ema dhAruM chuM. AkhI zakaprajA cheDeghaNe aMze jaina dharma pALatI hatI ema ApaNe uparamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe; eTale te vize atra vizeSa lakhavA jarUra nathI; chatAM je eka tenAM lakepa. be khAsa banAva noMdhavA yogI kAryo yogya che temane eka A tathA dharma paricchedanA aMte TUMkamAM jaNa- vavAne che. ane bIje kAlikasUrina TuMkamAM upara varNavI dIdho che bAkI tene viratArapUrvaka adhikAra te AgaLa upara yathAsthAne Avaze. tenAM lekopagI kAryo vize jaNAvavAnuM ke, je hakIkata nahapANu kSaharATanA vRttAMte lakhI che te A rUSabhadattane paNa sarvIze lAgu paDe che ema samajavuM; kemake te kAryo bhale nahapAnA rAja amale thayAM che paNa tene mULa praNetA temaja te sarvene amalamAM mukanAra te tene jamAI A rUSabhadatta ja hato. A uparAMta je keTalIka hakIkata svataMtra rIte tenA ekalAnA nAmanI sAthe joDAyelI che ja tenI neMdha atre laizuM. te saMbaMdhamAM paNa khAlI vivecana na karatAM judA judA lekhakee je isArA karyA che te temanA zabdomAM ja utArIzuM jethI saMpUrNa khyAla AvI rahe che. ( 39 )FO His benefactions in Nasik capes are:-(1) Gift of 300 cows (2) Gifts of money and construction of steps on the river Vanarasi ( 3 ) Gift of 16 villages to Gods and Brabamios ( 4 ) Feeding a thousand Brahamins, the whole year round (8) Gifts of eight wives to Brahaning at Prabhas (6) Gifts of quadrangular rest-houses at Sopara, Broach and Dashapur 7) Wells, tanks and gardens (8) Establishments of free ferries by boats on the rivers Iba, Parada, Tapti, Karbena and Dahnuka (9) Meeting-halls and halls for drinking water on these rivers ( 10 ) Gifts of 32000 cocoanut-trees to the Carakas at Govardhan, Suvarnamukh Sopariga, Vanatirtha and Pandit kavada. We may complete this list by adding his other benefactions (59) ke. do. hiTa che, pR. 66:-The degree of guzerainty admitted by the Scythians to the Persian empire) and the area it covered varied with the power of the reigning Persian monarch=(IrAnI sAmrAjyanuM zaka prajAe ) je sAvaEmatva svIkAryuM hatuM tenuM pramANa tathA je pradeza upara temaNe Adhipatya bhagavyuM hatuM te : A baMne vastu IrAnanI gAdIe birAjatA rAjakartAnA prAva anusAra phaLe jatA gal. (10) juo ja. ba beM. ra. e. se. 1927 pu. 3. bhAga. 2,

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paricheda ] lekepagI kAryo 367 mentioned in other parts of these inscriptions-(a) An Abhishek at Poshkar and a gift of 8000 cows. (b) Cave No. 10 at Nasik and the cisterns. (c) Gift of a field for the maintenance of ascetics in the cave. nAsikanI guphAomAM tenAM dAna1 vize nIce pramANe(nI hakIkata ) che (1) traNaso gAyanI bheTa (2) nANAnI bakSisa tathA vANArasI nadI uparanA ghATanI baMdhAi (3) devo ane brAhmaNane 16 gAmaDAnuM dAna (4) sArUM ye varSa dararoja eka hajAra brAhmaNane bhajana (5) prabhAsanA brAhmaNone ATha strInI bakSIsa eTale ATha brAhma- None maphata paraNAvI devA (6) sepArA, bharUca ane dazapuramAM cAra khuNAvALA musApharakhAnAnI bheTa (7) kuvA, TAMkA-heja, tathA bagIcAo (8) IbA, pArAdA, TADhi (tApI), karaNa, ane dahaNukA nadIonA ovArAe javA mATe maphata macchavA heDIo pUrI pADe tevAM nAkAM (9) sabhAmaMDapa tathA AvI nadIo upara pANI pIvAnA ghATe (10) gavaradhana, suvarNa mukha, pAraga, vAmatIrtha ane piMDitakAnaDanA sarakene 4 32000 nALIyerI(nA jhADa)nI bakSisa, A zilAlekhamAM anya sthaLe je teNe bIjAM dAna karyA che tenI noMdha umerIne A lIsTa ApaNe saMpUrNa karIe. (a) pinkara (puSkara) ne eka abhiSeka" tathA 3000 gAyanI bheTa (ba) nAsikamAM naM. 10 nI guphA tathA keTalAka heja () ane te guphAmAM (rahetA) saMtanA (61) rUSabhadatta jana matAnuyAyI hatuM te nivi vAdita che, eTale teNe karelAM dAna paNa te dharmanI praNAlikAne anusarIne ja thavAM joIe ema sAmAnya mAnyatA bAMdhI zakAya kharI, chatAM teNe karelAM dAnanI je vigate atre che te atyAranI te dharmanI praNAlikAne anusaratA nathI dekhAtAM; eTale te bAbata anekane zaMkA udabhave te jaNAvavAnuM ke, kAM te A sarve dAna teNe eka rAna tarIke pitAnI prajAnA sAmAnya hitane khAtara karelAM che ema gaNavuM athavA to, dharma kAryanI te vakhatanI praNuM likAmAM kera hatuM ema samajavuM. (AvA pheraphAra samrATa priyadarzinanA zilAlekhamAMthI paNa tAravI zakAya tema che) (12) ahIM dAna devA mATe bIjI koI vargane khAsa yAda na karatAM mAtra deva ane brAhmaNa zabdo ja nedhAyA che tene khulAse mArI samajathI A pramANe karI zakAya ((1) deva eTale devamaMdire ane devasthAne kahevAno artha che ema samajavuM jene vartamAnakALe jaina mana devadravya tarIke oLakhAve che tevA bhAvArthamAM. (2). brAhmaNo eTale manuSyajAtinA cAra vargamAM eka varga ema nahIM, paNa pR. 249mAM jaNAvAyuM che tema, je brahmacarya pALe te baMbhaNa (mULa zabda baMbhaNa ja haze paNa lipi ukelanAre tene brAhmaNa tarIke karAvI dIdho lAge che. vaLI sarakhAvo pu. 2, pR. 222 TI. 69 mAM biMdusAra brAhmaNe jamADavA saMbaMdhanI hakIkata.) (63) A zabdanA artha mATe TI. naM. 62 juo. * A zabda ja kahI Ape che ke brahANa eTale brahmacarya pALanArA avivAhita jIMdagI gALanArA (sarakhAvo uparanI TIkA naM. 62. ) (64) A kayA prakAranA loko kahevAya te samajatuM nathI: rizaMkA-hAla erisA prAMta tarapha sarAka jAtinA loko vase che teone vyavasAya paNa jaMgala,vana ke udyAnane lagatA udyoge karIne AjIvikA calAvavAne dekhAya che, A sarAka jatine keTalAka vidvAne asalamAM jaina dharmIzrAvake hevAnuM TharAve che, te zuM A rUSabhadatta nirolA ane nALiyerInI pedAza upara nirvAha calAvanAra A sarako paNa tene ja svadharmI-zrAvaka baMdhuo haze ke 1] (65) A abhiSekane artha De. phalITa ema kahe che ke " And there I bathed=meM tyAM eka vakhata snAna karyuM hatuM. "

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368 devakanuM [ dazama nibhAva mATe eka kSetranI bakSisa." vaLI ema paNa vizeSa hakIkata nIkaLe che ke, ekadA puSkara jatAM rastAmAM uttamabhadra lokonuM sthAna Ave che temanI taraphathI rUSabhadatte temane herAna karatA mAlava lekane harAvIne kedI banAvyA hatA tethI khuzI thaine A uttamabhadroe rUSabhadattanA haste dharmAdAmAM eka kSetranuM dAna apAvyuM hatuM. (gA) naM. 1 ane 36 nA zilAlekha AdhAre mi. resana jaNAve che ke- "Provision is made for the monks with Kusana- mula=saMtapuruSo mATe kusaNa- mULa 7 no prabaMdha karAyo che." A kusaNamULano artha zuM thai zake te mATe temaNe jaNAvyuM che }-The meaning of this term is do ubtful. M. Stenart translates "Money for outside life" But it would seem probable that reference is here made to the custom of JKathinai.e. the pri- vilege of wearing extra robes which was granted to the monks during the rainy season=A zabdano artha zaMkA- maya che. mi. ema. enATa " bahAranA (maTha sivAyanA) jIvana mATe (eTale ke khisAkharca mATe) nANuM" e artha kare che, paNa vadhAre saMbhavita ema che ke, kaThiNa nAmanI prathAne ullekha ja temaNe karyo che (bhikSuone cAturmAsa eTale varatumAM vizeSa kapaDAM paheravAne je adhikAra che tene bhogavaTe karavo te prathAnuM nAma kaTiNa) (6) vepAranA uttejana mATe te potAnA paisA zaheranA vepArI maMDaLamAM paNa rokato hato ke jethI vepAranI AMTa vadhe 18 te vakhate mi. resananA kahevA mujaba 9 vyAja dara daramAse daraseMkaDe vaNakarenA maMDaLa mATe eka TakAne hate. ahIM AgaLa rUSabhadattanuM varNana pUruM thAya che. uparamAM tenuM rAjya soLa varSa cAlyAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paNa keTalIka hakIkatathI ema vaLI, jaNAya che ke, te pUrve paNa te maraNa70 pAme hoya. tene kAMIka khyAla tenA putra devaNukanA vRtAMtamAM ApaNe ApIzuM. (2) devaNaka navamA paricchede mi. thomase lakhela eka moTA nibaMdhanI hakIkata jAhera karI che. temAM (16) ke. A. ke. nI prastAvanA pa. 59. (67) kusaNamULa, ane kaThina zabdanA artha vartamAnakALanI DIkSanarIe-zabdakoSamAM jotAM te. atre je pramANe vidvAna lekhake artha karyo che te ja pramANe nIkaLe che. ane te artha jotAM te bauddha dharma bhikSAo mATenuM dAna che ema gaNavuM ane tema hoya te rUSabhadatta potAnI praba taraphane sAmAnya dharma bajAvyo kahevAya (juo uparanI TI. naM. 6 ); paNa A artha vartamAna DIkSanerImAM ja mAtra nedhA che ke, bauddha sAhityanA prAcIna graMthomAM paNa te zabda vaparAzamAM hate te tapAsavuM rahe che. chatAM ema mAnyatA ne nIkaLatI hoya ke bhadatta A dAna paNa svadharma mATe ja karyuM hatuM te "kusaNamULa" nA artha mATe be khulAsA karavA rahe che. (eka) prAcIna samayanI dharma praNAlikA vartamAna karatAM khudA ja prakAranI hAya (sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 6nI hakIta) athavA (bIju) kusaNumULa zabdane lipi ukela kera vAmAM kAMIka bhUla karAI heya. (juo TI, naM. 62 mAM khaMbhaNu zabdanI hakIkata ) (68) jIo ja che. che, ro. e. sa. 1 7 pu. 3, bhAga 2. (19) juo. ke. A. re. prastAvanA pU. 58 (sarakhA pu. 1 mAM zreNikanA samayanI sthiti) (7) juo nIcenI TI, naM. 74 nI hakIkata,

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paricheda ] - vRttAMta 36. lekhake jene zAhIvaMzanA rAjA lekhAvyA naM. 75-76 temAM ekamAM teNe kSaharATa nRpati hatA te caThaNuvaMzI pAchaLathI sAbita thayA nahapANa uparane pitAne tiraskAra darzAvavAne che. mAtra jene sauthI prathama tenA ja maherA upara potAnA nAmanA akSaro vigere tenA rAjya sAthe Adi purUSa lekhyo hato te kotarAvyA che, chatAM nahapANane cahere temAM thaIne zAhIvaMzane ja phakata zAhI vaMzane mULa A cho dekhAI Ave che; eTale savAso deDha paNa aMta purUSa Tharyo che. paNa te zAha varSa jeTalo samaya vyatIta thaI gayo hovA chatAM vaMzanA cauda purUSa temaNe nahapANanA maherAvALA sikkA te gautamIputranA lekhAvyA hatA. tethI A zAhI vaMzanA rAjavIo hAthamAM Ave ane te upara pitAnuM mahera paNa lagabhaga teTalI saMkhyAmAM ja haze ema eka kotarAve te prathama darajaje te banavAjoga ja nathIH vakhata kalpanA thaI jatI hatI. vaLI A vAtane kemake nahapANanA avaMti pradeza upara te arae uparathI samarthana maLatuM hatuM ke, rANI baLa sAmAM te ghaNAMye bhinna bhinna vaMzanA ane zrIe potAnA putra gautamIputrane yaza varNavate vyaktigata rAjAone rAjaamala thaI gaye je nAsika zilAlekha kAtarAvyA che temAM teNe hata; chatAM eka bAragI dalIla khAtara mAno ke, kSaharATa, zaka ane yavana prajA upara meLavela khAsa khAsa tevA sikkAno meTA jaththA saMgrahita jabaradasta phattehanuM varNana karyuM che. temaja A karI rAkhavAmAM Avyo hate je teNe A samaye gautamIputrane samaya vidvAnoe I. sa. 78 ne upayogamAM lIdhuM hatuM. te bIjI muzkelI e che gaNavI. tene ja zakasaMvatsarane pravartaka manAvyo ke, te sarve sikkAo upara jenadharma sUcaka che. eTale devaNakane samaya je I. sa. pU. 50 cihnA che. jyAre zakavartaka gautamIputra te AsapAsa che tenI ane upara pramANenA gautamI- vaidika dharma ja che eTale tene virodha Ave che. 78) nI vacce lagabhaga uparAMta bIjI paNa atihAsika ghaTanAo evI savAso varSanuM aMtara paDe che je samayamAM te banI che je ApaNe gardabhIla vaMze tathA gautamIrAjAomAMthI, Izvaradatta, rUSabhadattane bAda putranA vRttAMte lakhIzuM) ke je uparathI ApaNe karatAM bAkInA 91dazeka A arasAmAM gAdIe gautamIputranA samayanI mAnyatA pheravavI ja rahe AvI jAya te banavAjoga paNa che. paraMtu keTalIka che. ane tema karatAM tene samaya rUSabhadatta pachI dazeka maLI AvatI anya sAmagrI upara jyAre vicAra varSanI hadamAM laI javo paDe che. A vizenI khAtrI doDavIe chIe tyAre vidvAnonA matathI ApaNe nIcenI hakIkatathI ApaNane maLI rahe che. judu ja paDavuM rahe che te nIce pramANe jANavuM. te mATe jarAka dUranI sthiti vize vicAra je gautamIputre, kSaharATanuM nikaMdana kADhI karavo paDaze. rAjA nahapANa jyAre avaMtipati nAMkhyuM che tathA zaka prajAne nAza karyo che teNe tarIke rAjazAsana dIpAvato hato tyAre dakSiNa pitAnA sikkA karAvyA che (juo pu.2, AMka hiMda upara zatavahanavaMzI nabaLA rAjAone - (1) AvA anumAna upara huM paNa prathama ra2) paNa vizeSa mananathI te vicAra phera paDayo gathe hate ( juo 5. 16H kalama 24 paMkti che. putranA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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30 amala hatA;ane tethIja te tathA rUSabhadatta phAvI gayA hatA tathA temane rAjapATa peMThaNa cheDIne bhItaramAM ennAkaTakanA pradeze. vara'guLa zaheramAM rAjagAdI lai javI paDI hatI; paNa jyAre tenuM maraNa thayuM tyAre adhapati kAMIka pAchA majabUta thavA mAMDyA hatA, eTale atipati nahapANu aputrIyA maraNa pAmatAM tenI gAdI mATe avatinI lagAlaga haida dharAvatA traNa rAjA jarA hirakAi kare tevA hatA.(1) uttaramAM mathurApati inDeDa pArthIana zahenazAha ajhIjha paheA je turatamAM ja gAdIe AvyA hatA (2) dakSiNanA adhrapati ane (3) rAjaputAnA tathA saurASTra upara hakumata calAvatA nahapAnA jamAI rUSabhadatta pAte ja. AmAMthI naM. 1 te potAne gAdI upara AvyA ja pUrUM varSa paNa thayuM nahAvuM eTale te TharIThAma beTho nahAtA, tema naM. 2 bhale kAMIka pratApI hatA paNa je nAlezImAM tenA pUrvajone na. 3 vALA rUSabhadatte haDaselI mAryAM hatAra tethI tenI zehamAM mAthuM uMcakIne tenIja sAme pATTu medAne paDavAnuM ucita dhAratA nahAtA, eTale naM. 3nA rUSabhadatta khInarika jevA ja hatA; paNa jyAre tene sthAne khIjo ja aNudhAryAM purUSa rAjA ga bhIla phAvI gayela dekhAya che tyAre samajAya che ke, rUSabhadattanI vRddhAvasthAe ja tene aTakAvyA haze; nahIM to teNe potAnI yuvAnImAM batAvela zauya zvetAM te kadApi vatinI gAdI hAtha karyA vinA zAhI vaMzanA (72) jIe uparamAM pU, 202 nu... varNana, (73) jIe upara TIkA na 54, (74) sarakhAve uparanI TI. naM. 70 nuM lakhANuM. (75) teNe svataMtra rIte kAMi kayu* dekhAtuM nathI, bAkI ADakatarI rIte bhAga lIdhA hatA ja; eTale ke pAtAnA asala bhAie avati upara hA karyA temAM teNe sAtha Apyo hate, te mATe AgaLa upara Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama raheta nahIM. A taka khAlI javAthI te navA avaMtipati gardabhIlane ane rUSabhadattane aTasa badhAye 73gaNAya; jethI nahapANu pachI dasa vaSe eTale I. sa. pU 74 1=64 mAM vaLI jyAre gabhIlane atinI gAdI khAlI karavI paDI tyAre pAchA uparanA traNa jaNA ja paheAMcI vaLe tevA hatA. temAM te sauthI pahelA kUdI paDavA joIe; chatAM teNe kAM prayatna karyAM dekhAtA nathI. eTale kAM te temaraNa pAmyA hA74 3 maraNa pathArIe paDayA hAya. e mAMthI game te saMyoga DAya, toye tenA putra devaNuke tA kAMI hAtha halAvA karavA joitA hatA ja. chatAM nathI teNe tema karyAM topa kASTa purAvA, kenathI uparanA traNamAMthI jenA naM. 1 che tevA ajhIjhe paNa kAMi hIlacAla karyAnA purAvA; jo ke A samaye tene gAdIe AvyA paNa deza agiyAra varSa thaI gayAM hatAM. chatAM avaMti jevI gauravazALI gAdI mATe leza mAtra teNe prayAsa karyAM nathI te batAve che ke, ajhIjha pAte bahu parAkramI nahIM ja hoya--eTale pachI naM. r vALAe ja prayoga karavAnA rahyo. teNe paNa tevA udyama sevyA hAya ema lAgatuM nathI; kemake te samaye avaMtinA leAkapakSanI nADa jainAcAya kAlikasUrinA hAthamAM hatIH jemaNe badhI paristhatine vicAra karI hiMdanI khavArathI ja zaka lokAne kholAvyA hatA. A zaka lokAe hiMdamAM prathama saurASTrakUArA praveza karIne jIe. (76) A kAlikasUrie na', 2 vALA a`trapatinI madada mATe tapAsa karI joI heya paNa temAM bahu kasa jevuM nahIM lAgyu. hAya, eTale AkharI ilAja tarIke bahArathI madada meLavavA ucita lAgyuM haze. ( 77) jIe pR. 364 upara naM. 3 vALI dalIlamAM varNavelI hakIkata. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] Azraya lIdho hato. saurASTramAM A samaye temanA ja jAtimA ane dezaba Mdhu jene have ApaNe diIzaka tarIke oLakhIe chIe tevA rUpabhadattane ke tenA putra deva kanA adhikAra cAlatA hatA, teNe temane ce!DA samaya (cemAsAnA cAra gAma ) sudhI sthiratA karatAnI sagavaDa karI ApI hatI te bAda anukULa rUtu dhatAM, te banne prajAe (zaka tathA hiMdI zake.) ekaThA maLIne ati upara caDAi karI hatI tathA gabhIla pAsethI ati !! gAdI lai lIdhI hatI pari Ame zakaprajAnuM (zahenazAhI zakanuM) timAM rAjya thayuM ane hiMdIzakanuM-devaNukanuM zahIvaMzanu saurASTramAM rAjya majabUta thayu. ATale darajjo devaNukane kAyo tA thayA, paN atyArasudhI tenA pitAne athavA kahA ke tenA vArasadAra potAne je mAtra adhrapati-zatavahana vaMza sAthe ja vera cAlyuM Avatu' hatuM, temAM gabhIla vaMzI sAthe veranA umerA thayA. eTale ke tenA duzmana tarIke ekane badale be rAjakuTu o thayA, ava jyAMsudhI zahenazAhI zakanuM jora a Mti upara hatuM tyAMsudhI tA devazukanI gAdI tadna sahIsalAmata hatI. paNa A zaka prAe potAnA sAta varSanA kArAbAramAM eTalAM te trAsa, (78 ) A adhikAra gIla varAvALA sAma khaMDamAM Avaze tyAMthI joI levu. ( e ) prathama vakhate I. sa. pU. 74 mAM ( jIe pU. 360 tathA I.DApArthIane prajAnA adhikAre ajhIjha pahelAnuM vRttAMta) ane A bIjI vakhate eTale I. sa. pU. 64 mAM ( jue, pR. 67 tathA ajhIjhanA vRttAMte) ane A trIjI vakhate eTale i. sa. pU. 57 mAM : A traNe tarka teNe gumAvI che: tenu rAjya i. sa. pU. 75 thI 58 sudhI cAlyuM hatuM, ( A trIcha vakhatane Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ata 371 luMTAkala ane julma avaMtinI prajA upara varAvI dIdhAM hatAM ke sarva prajA trAhI trAhI peAkI rahI hatI ane temane jIva nAkanI dAMDIe AvI rahyo hatA. paNa A samaye kAlikara jevA koi temanA hAtha jhAle evuM naDDAtuM. kemake temaNe te prAyazcita karI puna: jaina sAdhune! veza paherI lIdhA hatA. tema te kAma have temanA dhakSetramaryAdA bahAranu thaSTha gayu hatuM. A9 te pa mathurApati ajhIjha pahelAe je dhAyu hata te avaMtinI prajAne trAsamukta karI inDopA aina rAjyanI majabUtI karIne AkhI hiMda prajAmAM eTale ke sArA ye hiMdumAM, potAnA DA vagaDAvI dIdhe! hAta. paNa tenA peTanuM pANIe cAlyu' heya ema dekhAtuM nathI. Akhare te pelA itihAsaprasiddha zakAri vikramAditye ( eTale ke uparanA atipati gabhIlanA ja putre ) tathA te vakhatanA adhrapatie (i. sa. pU. 64 mAM je gAdIpita hatA te ja atyAre paNa cAlu hatA te) bannee sAthe maLI peAtAnA sAmAnya zatru sAme thavAne hAma bhIDI: judA judA kSetrAe laDAi thai,80deg temAM vaLI prajAnA sAtha heAvAvI temane yaza paNa maLyA. Akhare hiMdI prajAne zaka prajAnA atyAcArAmAMthI mukti maLI samaya zake tenA maraNabAda eka varSa' anavA pAmyo che paNa je sAta varasa sudhI avatimAM trAsa vatI rahyo hatA temAMnA prathama cha varSa sudhI teA pote jIvaMta hateAMja, eTale Avela takano sadupayoga karyo heAta tA sogee tene yArI ApI hota ema kahevAno ahIM Azaya che). (80) laDAI keTalI thai te ApaNe bahu jAgvanI jarUra rahetI nathI, paNa mArI najare traNa caDe che. temAMnI betu' varlDana zakAra vikramAdityanA varNane ane trInu varNI gautamIputra zAtakaraNInA vRttAMte Avaze. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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372 zAhI vazanA ga, je laDAimAM devazukane hAra maLI che tathA tenA prANa gayA che tema ja hiMdI zaka prajAnA khADA vaLI gayA che tene samaya i. sa. pU. para samAya che.1 vaLI te yuddhamAM agresarapaNe, vikramAditya tarakathA, teneA sahAyaka evA rANIzrI baLabInA putra gautamIputra zAtakaraNI hatA tathA te yuddha saurA TranI bhUmi upara khelAyudara hatuM. A uparathI vAcakavargone khAtrI maLaze ke kevA saMjogAmAM (1) rANI khaLazrIe nAsikanA zilAlekha tarAvela che. (ra) gautamIputre nahapANunu maheArU dAkhI daine upara potAnA caherA83 paDAvyeA che ( 3 ) AvA sikkA aprapatinA adhikAranI bahAra evI saurATnI bhUmi uparathI vizeSa maLa Ave che tathA ( 4 ) temAM atinAM cihna uparAMta jaina dharmanA sAMketika lakSaNA najare paDe che tathA te samaye kevI paristhiti thai rahI hatI. A pramANe rAjA devaSNukanA aMta AvI javAthI temanA vaMza khaMdha thayA kahevAya. chatAM saurASTranA yuddhamAMthI je thADA ghaNA zaka badhI javA pAmyA hatA temaNe te bhUmi upara ane je geAdAvarI nadInA mULa pAsenA pradezamAM rAjA nahapANunA samaye vasI rahevA pAmyA hatA (81 ) pR. 204 mAM paMkti / tadhA anya TeNe A banAvanA samaya,khInna vidvAnonI peThe huM paNa i. sa. 78 lakhIne vaktavya karyuM gayAM chuM, paNa have vizeSa abhyA sathI te vicAra pheravI nAMkhI A mANe TharAvuM chuM, (82) A laDAInu` varNana roSa Ne na 80nI TIkAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe gotamI putra ttAMte lakhavAmAM Ayaro. (83) A samaye naDupANane marI gayA zAsa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ma temaNe te bhUmi upara, potAnA mULa dhaMdhA je DhArAM cAravAne tathA gheADA ucheravA vigerenA hatA tenuM avalaMbana lai ,jyArathI potAnAM jIvana gujAravA mAMDayAM, tyArathI te prajA AlIranA nAmathI itihAsamAM prasiddhine pAmI che. A kArathI ja AbhIra prajAnA vaMzavale e sthAne mAlUma paDe che. zAhIvazana have vRttAMta pUrveza thAya che: sa zodhana karanArane mAdaka thaI paDe mATe tene lagatI theADIka samayAvaLI banAvIne nAce pramANe Apu chuM. ( 1 ) zvaradatta H AdipurUSa : sattAdhArI banyA na paNa hAya: jema nahapANatu nabhAvAhana, uSabhadAttanuM rUSabhadatta i. sa MskRta ke hiMdI nAma paDAmAM che tema zilAlekhamAM ketarAyelA dinikanu nAma Izvaradatta rakhAyuM heAya athavA mULa nAma uparathI Izvaradatta pADayu hAya ane pachI tene kAvatAM prathama datta; pachI tenuM dhRtaH ane temAMthI dinna ke ditrika thavA pAmyuM hoyaH izvaradatta ane duinika banne eka ja vyaktinAM nAma DrAya ema prathama 1jare tA dekhAya che. paNuM varSa ane rUSabhadattane maraNa pAmyA lagabhaga sAteka varSa vAM AvyAM hatAM (sarakhAve ke. A. ke. pR. 10p tathA ja che. bre. rA, e. so, pR. 64: i. e pR. 37, pu. 43: e. hi. i. pR. 217 vigerenA utArA; je uparamAM pR. 204 TI. na', 28 mAM zabde zabda UtAryA che, eTale ke, te samaye nahupANu ke rUSabhadatta emAMthI eke jIvatA hatA ja nahi, mAtra temanI tavALA sAthe ja gatamIputrane yuddha thayuM hatuM. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] (2) rUSabhadatta aMdAja a'dAja umara samaya samaya va ma. sa i. sa. pU. 370 157 janma kAMIka sattAmAM ANye. dakSamitrA sAthe lagna4 devaSNukanA janma85 400 127 i" (bhUmakanA Y! 126 O 3. 415 112 * 400 thI 127 thI 30 thI samaye 413 114 43 dhArI nahapANu 413-453, 114-74; 43-83 nA samaye- Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 31 (84) te praznamAM moTI umare lagna thatAM Aya ema samajAya che, balke dakSamitrAnI pahelAM rUSabhadattanuM lagna kArTe bIjI strI sAthe thaI gayu. hAya, ane te maraNa pAmatA dakSamitrA bIjI vAranI srI heAya: athavA eka jIvatI hAya ane bIjI srI paNa karI heAya: ata svataMtra gAdIpati maraNu (3) devazuka gAdIe 453 74 469 52 23 83 469 18 54 maraNu 475 para 60 eTale ke, izvaradattane sAthe lakhe teA traNa rAjA thakA kahevAya; nahIM te| mAtra be ja: ane temanA rAjavakALa enI gaNatrIthI mAtra bAvIsa varSanA ja 4 sa. pU cha4 thI para ) che paNa temanA samagra rAjakIya jIvanane samaya gaNavA hAya tA, izvaradattane lekhatAM, lagabhaga 75 varSanA ( 4. sa. pU. 130 thI 52=8 ) kahIM zakAze. vadhAre sa`bhava ema che ke eka marI jatAM zrIjI zrI tarIke dakSamitrAne paraNyo lAge che. (85) kAMtA, AnA janma, lagna thayA bAda keTalAMye varSe thayo hAya:, athavA to tenI pahelAMnA bALako mRtyu pAmyAM hAya. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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. ka :: - : : :.. ekAdazama pariccheda saMkSipta sAra- pariziSTa -zaka, AbhIra ane zaikUTaka prajA saMbaMdhInuM vivecana-prathamamAM zilAlekhI purAvAo ApI rUSabhadattavALI zaka prajA sAthe AbhIra Izvarasenane sAMdhI batAvela saMbaMdha-te ja pramANe pAchA zilAlekhI purAvAthI puravAra karela, Izvaradatta AbhIra sAthene dharasena trakUTakane saMbaMdha-virahima ane trikUTaka, samAnaarthI zabda hevA chatAM te benA tAtparyamAM rahelA taphAvatane karela khulAse-cazmaNa kSatrapa ane Izvaradatta mahAkSatrapane saMbaMdha je zaMkAmaya batAvAya che te dalIlanI calAvela carcA tathA te uparathI caSmaNanA saMvatasaranI Adine samaya I. sa. 78 gaNAya che tene badale bIje joIe ema ullekha karI, batAvI Apele tene sAro samaya tathA temanI zaMkAonuM kareluM samAdhAna-aMte Izvasena AbhIra ane Izvaradatta trikuTakane sAbita karela pitAputrane saMbaMdha- tathA batAvI Apela trikuTaka saMvatsaranAM sthApakanAM nAma ane samaya pariziSTa mA-ozavAla, zrImAla ane piravADane gUrjara zabda sAthanA saMbaMdhanuM kareluM vivecana-gUrjara prajAnA mULa vizenI karelI carcA-te traNe prajAnAM mULa sthAna sAthe, vartamAnakALe mAluma paDatI satyAsatyatAnAM laMbANa dawte ApI karI batAvela mukAbale--bhinna bhinna kALe te sava prajAe batAve cherAjasattA sAthe sahakAra-Apadu dharma pichANa vaizyatvane saMcaLa utArI temaNe dhAraNa kareluM kSatriya rAjapUtanAM cAra agnikulanI utpatti ane bhUmi sattAnI temaNe vAMkI ne itihAsa---

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pariccheda ] AbhIra prajA 375 A pariziSTamAM zaka, AzIra ane traikUTaka prajA saMbaMdhI vivecana ApavAnu che. A traNe prajAne kAMIka saMbadha che ema teA vamAnakALe sarva vidyAnA saMmata che ja. paNa keTalAkanuM evu mAnavu che ke, zakamAMthI ja AbhIra ane AbhIramAMthI ja traikUDakAnI utpatti thai hAvI joie. jyAre keTalAkanu maMtavya te pramANenA joDANa paratve kAzIla rahe che; chatAM kabUla karavuM paDe che ke A banne vargonI dalIle| ane carcAnA muddA bahu parimita sthitimAM aTavAI rahela che. eTale ahIM ApaNe te sarvene kAMka vistRtarUpe rajA karI, temAMthI vizeSa satya tAravI zakAya te tema prayatna AdaravAnA che. pUrve jema karavAmAM AvyuM che tema, ahIM paNa pariziSTA lakhavA jarUra UbhI thai che. atre e pariziSTA che, prathamamAM zaka, AbhIra ane traikUTaka prajAne lagatI jyAre dvitIyamAM gUrjara, ezavALa, zrImALa vigere prajAne lagatI hakIkata ApavAnI che. A sarva prajAnA tihAsane, ApaNe TharAvela maryAdA sAthe sIdhdhA saMbaMdha tA nathIja; paNa tene rUSabhadatta sAthe tathA te je prajAmAM hatA te zaka prajA sAthe aitihAsika saMbaMdha hovAthI te sa` khInAne atra pariziSTanA rUpamAM rajU karavI paDe che. pariziSTa a nas in trade guilds at Govardhana for the purpose of providing medicines for the sick, among the monks dwelling in the monastry on Mou. nt Trirasmi. The king Ishvarsena who is called an Abhira and son of the Abhira Sivadatta, seems to bear the metronymic 'Madha'iputra'. The benefactress is the lay devotee Visnudatta, the Sakani mother of the Ganapaka Visvavarman, wife of the Ganapaka Rebhila, daughter of Agnivarman, the Saka. The inscrip tion is in Sanskrit; with traces of Prukrit=trirazmi zIMga uparanA vihAramAM vastA bimAra bhikSuone auSadhI pUrI pADavA mATe gAvaradhananI vepArI maMDaLImAM e rakameA-1000 kArpApaNu ane 500 kArlApaNu-rAkathAnA ullekhara temAM karela che. rAjA izvarasena je AbhIra kahevAyeA che ane zivadatta AbhIranAi vicAraNA mATe bhUmikArUpe nIcenI sthiti jANavA yAgya kahevAze (1) zilAlekha na. 43 nAsikaH izvarasena, 9 mu varSa, unALAnA 4thA pakSa, 13 me divasa: 1 It records the investment of two sums of money1000 Karsapanas and 500 Karsapa (1) ju aa, AM. rU. prastAvanA pR. 62. (2) nahapANu ane rUSabhadatte ApelAM dAnapatronI vigata sarakhAvaze te mAluma thayo ke, temaNe paNa sikSakAne aneka prakAre sahAyatA ApI che; tathA te kA nibhAvA mATe khakSIsA paNa judI kADhI rAkhI che. temanA mata pramANe nANuM rAkavA mATe vepArI saMsthA sArA sthAna tarIke lekhAtI hatI. temaja gAdhana mAMta-nAsiAnI mAsapAsanI jagyA temaNe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat paNa pasaMda karI hatI. (3) Izvarasene 'rAjA'nA iMkAkha dhAraNa karela che; jyAre tenA pitA ilkAba vinAno che. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke izvarasena kAMIka pratApI nIvaDela che ane teNe kayAMka ( nIcenI TIkA na'. 15 jIe ) rAjagAdI karIne hukumata calAvavA mAMDI che, (4) noMdhI rAkhavu rahe che ke A prazna peAtAne AbhAra kahevarAve che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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376 AbhIra, zAka ane [ ekAdazama che. vaLI mAtagotra uparathI mArI putra tarIke ke thApaNa tarIke mUkI che (3) tene upayoga oLakhAya che; dAtA tarIke bhaktANuM viSNu trirazmi parvata10 uparanA eka vihAramAM vasatA dattA che, je zakannatinI strI che; vaLI teNI sAdhunA davAdArUmAM karavAne che (4) dAna zaka agnivamananI putrI, rezIla gaNapanI bhAryA denAra bAI che. te zaka jAtinI che (5) lekha ane gaNapaka vizvavarmananI mAtA thAya che. saMskRtamAM mukhyataH che. A hakIkatamAMthI sAra zilAlekha saMskRtamAM che tathA temAM prAkRtinI e nIkaLe che ke (1) Izvarasena rAjA pote kAMika chAyA paNa che. ATalA ullekhathI joI AbhIra jAtine che (2) dAna denAra zaka zakAze ke (1) mADharaputra rAjA azvasena jAtinA che eTale zaka ane AbhIra baMnene AbhIra, jenA bApanuM nAma zivadatta AbhIra kAMIka sagapaNa paNa haze (3) dAna devAnI che tenA rAjya navamA varSe dAna mATe rakama judI rIta tathA zilAlekhanI bhASA ane paddhati13 kADhI che (2) rakama vepArI maMDaLamAM vyAju rUSabhadatta ane nahapANanI pere ja tarI Ave che; (5) AMdhrapatio pachI je vaMze udabhavyA che temAMnA eka tarIke purANakAroe AbhIrane paNa gaNA che. (juo ke. A. ke. prastA, pR. 134) AMdhrapatie pitAne, potAnI janetAnA gotra uparathI oLakhAvatA hatA te prathA jANItI che ( jemake gatamIputra, vasiSTha putra, mADharIputra I.) eTale AMdhrapatinI pAchaLa AvanAra AbhIree paNa te rIta apanAvI lAge che athavA to te bane prajane kAMIka saMbaMdha hoya ema paNa anumAna derI zakAya che. vaLI nIcenI TI.8 tathA 12 sarakhAve. 1) rUSabhadatte pitAne zaka natine. jaNAve che. ahIM viSNudA potAnA zvara pakSane zaka kahe che tema tene pitA anivamana paNa pitAne zaka kahe che eTale ke viSNudattano pitRpakSa tathA zvasurapakSa bane zaka natinA che. eTale ke rUSabhadatta, viSNudatta, agnivarmana vigere eka ja prana che. uparanI naM. 5 ane 6 TakAnuM ekIkaraNa karatAM sAra e nIkaLo ke, AMdhrapatio, AbhIra prana tathA zaka prajane kAMIka kAMIka sagapasaMbaMdha hovo joIe. vaLI te anumAna nIcenI TIkA naM. 8-12 thI prabaLa bane che. (7) lekhanI lipi paNa nahapANa ane bhadattanA jevI ja gaNI zakAya. lekhana padhdhati mATe nIcenI TI. naM. 13 jue. (9) dAna ApanAra zaka prajanI bAI che, tenA sagAMvahAlAM zaka che; chatAM AbhIra renanuM nAma zilAlekhamAM AnaMdathI levAya che; je amuka rAnanA rAjya amuka vakhate A dAna devAyuM. je rAjanA samaye dAna devAya tenuM nAma te tenI prana paNa lakhe; te sAmAnya deve kahevAya. paNa phalANA rAjanA rAjya amalane amuka samaye te nirdeza je karAya, te te paspara saMbaMdha vinA na ja banI zake. (uparanI TI. naM. 5 tathA 6 temaja nIcenI TI. naM. 12-13 nI hakIkta sarakhAve.) (9) uparanI TI. na. 2; tathA nIcenI TInaM. 13 juo tathA sarakhA pR. 318 nuM lakhANa. (10) trirahima parvataetraNa kiraNa-ra ge jenAM che te parvata. tenuM sthAna godAvarInAM mULavALA pradezamAM nAsika zaheravALA gevardhana prAMtamAM AveluM che ema A uparathI samaya che; kemake zilAlekhanuM potAnuM rayaLa ja nAsika zahera che ane Izvarasenane rAjyapradeza paNa teja che. rUSabhadatta, nahapANa vigerenAM dAnapatrane pradeza paNa ahIM ja che. uparanI TI. naM 2 tathA nIcenI TI. naM. 14 sarakhA. (11) uparanI TI. naM. 2 nuM lakhANa sarakhAve. (12) uparanI TI. naM. 6 tathA TI. naM. 8 temaja nIcenI naM. 13 sarakhA: (13) padadhati ema che-varSa, rUta, mahine ane divasa ema cAra vigate rUSabhadatta pitAnA zilA lekhamAM ApI che tema itharasene paNa ApI che, je

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pariccheda ] ( 4 ) trirazmi parvata nAsikanI AsapAsanA gAvana pradezamAM ja Avela4 che, jyAMnA adhipati izvarasena che15 ( 5 ) izvarasenanI mAtA mADharI gAtranI 16 che te uparathI A AbhIra prajAne AMdhrapati 17sAthe kAMIka sagapaNu sabaMdha hovAnA khyAla UbhA thAya che. ( 2 ) traikUTaka vazanI oLakha mATe zilAlekha naM. 44, pAraDInA 18 che. temAM Dharasena, year 207 of the Traikutaka era, 13 th day of the bright half of Vai vaiTakonA sabaMdha eTalA ja che ke rUSabhadattanA samaye kSaharATa saMvatanI sthApanA thaI gaI hatI tethI teNe te sa'vatanA AMka jaNAvyA che; jyAre Izvarasenane saMvatasara jaNAyA na hAvAthI (tenA kAraNa mATenI nIcenI TI naM. 24 vAMco) teNe potAnA rAjaamalanuM varSAM ja darzAvyuM che. A uparathI samanaro ke rAka ane AbhIra praznane saMbaMdha hatA ja (sarakhAvA TI. naM. 5, 6, 8 tathA 12) (14) uparanI TI naM. 2 nA aMtima bhAga, tathA na', 10 sarakhAve. (15) uparanI TI. na. 3 jIe. (16) sarakhAvA uparanI TI. naM. pa, (17) sarakhAvA uparanI TI, na. pa. (18) A pAraDI zahera surata jIllAmAM AveluM che. atyAre paNa te ja nAmathI te oLakhAya che. bI. bI. sI. AI. relvenuM te sTezana che. traikUdyavaMzI rAjAnI hakumatane! A pAraDInA tathA lekhana. 45 kanherIne pradeza ema banne pradezA upara jaNAvelA AbhIra rAjA izvarasena tathA rUSabhadattanA dAnapatranA pradezavALA ja che ke jemAM trirazmi pata Avela che. (19) A lekhanI paddhatimAM varSa, mAsa, pakSa ane divasa lakhela che paNa tunuM nAma mUkI dIdhuM che; je padhdhati rUSabhadatta ane nahapANanI che. jIe uparanI TI, naM. 13, A sAthe caRNvazI rAjAnI paddhati sarakhAvaze| tA mAluma paDaze ke, A dharasena traikUTakanI re Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 377 sakha=dharasena traikUTaka saMvata 207 nA vaizAkha zudi 13 nA divase19 ema lakhela che. vaLI zilAlekhanI vigatamAM jaNAve che ke teNe azvamedha yajJa karyAM che20 I. che. ane khIjo lekha naM. 45 kanherIne21 che temAM year 245 of the increasing rule of the TraiKutakas=trakUTAnA vRdigata rAjya22 amalanAM 245 varSe 23 ema lakhyu che. A lakhA NuthI ema sAra kADhI zakAya che ke (1) dharasena i, je rAjAe che tenA vaMza 24trakUTaka paddhati rUSabhadatta ane RNunI vaccenI che. kho cANa padhdhatine ja vadhAre maLatI che. (20) zilAlekhamAM A vastune vijayanA cihna tarIke jaNAvavAnA uddeza dekhAya che, eTale te rAja vaidika matAnuyAyI hatA ema batAvAya che. A hakIkata tenA sikkAmAM kotarela tenA birUda uparathI paNa sAbita thAya che . mAtra savAla e ja rahe che ke, te dhama teNe a'gIkAra karela ke tenA pUrjAthI cADhyA AvatA hatA? vadhAre sabhava teNe ja prathama vAra svIkAryo haro ema anumAna upara javAya che. (21) A gAma nAsika jIllAmAM Avelu che. (22) vRddhiMgata zabda ema sUcave che ke, te rAjya athavA temanA vaMza hajI bahu jIja samaya pahelAM ja sthapAyA hatA ane dhIme dhIme tenI vRddhi-rAjyavistAranI-thatI jatI hatI; chatAM; temaNe saMvatanA AMka khase uparanA vAparyo che tenA kAraNa mATe nIcenI TI. na. 23 tathA 64 jI. (23) temaNe saMvatsarano AMka khasA uparA vAparyo che. te ema sUcave che ke, temano vaza bhale hamaNe thoDA varSathI ja hayAtImAM AvyA che chatAM teo je sa'vatasaranA upayoga kare che te bahu jUno che; ane jUnA che chatAM tene vaLagI rahyo che eTalA mATe ke, te saMvatasaranI sthApanA sAthe peAtAne saMbaMdha hatA (jIe TI. naM. 64) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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38 AbhIra, zaka ane [ ekAdazama kahevAya che. (2) temane amala zaikUTaka saMvata 207, 245 mAne che (3) temaNe vaidikadharma aMgIkAra karela che?"(4) tathA temanuM lakhANa kAMIka aMze uparanA AbhIra rAjA Izvarasenane ane zaka rAjA rUSabhadattera tathA 27 vizeSAMze caMNa-kSatrapa saradAree grahaNa karelI 28paddhatine maLatuM Ave che. A be zilAlekhamAM ALekhelI hakIkatamAM je je muddAo tenA kotarAvanAre darzAvyA che tathA temAMthI je je sAra kADhI zakAya che te te vAcaka pAse rajU karI dIdho che; temaja tene lagatI TIkAomAM te sarvene paraspara saMbaMdha zuM zuM heI zake te paNa jaNAvI dIdhuM che. eTale te muddAo tathA TIkAomAM samAyelI sarva vastusthitinuM samIkaraNa laI ekIkaraNa karIzuM te A pramANe tene niSkarSa kADhI zakAya che. (1) kSaharATa nahapANa tathA rUSabhadatta zakanI keTalIye hakIkate Izvarasena AbhIro ane viSNudattA zakAnine jema maLatI Ave che(2)tema trirazmi parvatapradezanA rAjAIzvarasena AbhIranI keTalIka hakIkata saiphUTaka vaMzI dharasena Adine maLatI paNa Ave che. (3) eTale ke eka bAju rUSabhadatta ane bIjI bAju dharasenanI vacce IzvarasenanuM sthaLa AvI jAya che, ane te traNe paraspara saMbaMdha dharAvatA paNa dekhAya che. paNa te saMbaMdha kevA sAmAjika ke rAjakIya-prakAranA hatA athavA te jyAre (24) vaikuTakasaiphUTakaH tri eTale traNa, kuTa eTale zikhara je parvatanA che te parvata; (trirahima uparanI TI. naM. 10 juo) tenA pradezamAM jeNe rAjagAdI karI che (kakakaranAra) te vaMza te trika vaMza kahevAya jIe nIcenI TI. naM. 60) ane te vaMza naM. 5 kaherI lekhavALA rAjanA samayamAM ra45 saMvatasaranI pahelAM DAMka varSa athavA pAraDI lekhavALA rAjadharasenanA samaye 207nA saMvatasaramAM ja ke tethI paNa pAMca dasa varSa pahelAM, sthapAye haze. jo ke A hakIkta spaSTa thatI nathI; paNa lagabhaga 207 ke tenI pUrve pAMca dasa varSe ja tenI Adi thaI haze ema kahI zakAze. AbhIra rana Izvarasenatene trirami parvata tarIke oLakhAve che. eTale Izvarasena pachI ja taikuTaka zabdanI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. temaja kaiTaka rAjAe vAparela saMvatasaranI sthApanA paNa IzvarasenanA samaya bAda ja thaI dekhAya che. vaLI jyAre Izvarasena pitAne rAna zabdathI saMbodhe che ane pitAne kAMI birUda lagADela ja nathI tyAre sAbita thAya che ke, teNe ja rAjagAdI sthApI che. vaLI "patAnA rAjya navamA varSa" ema zilAlekhamAM je lakhyuM che te batAve che ke, teNe rAjagAdI te karI hatI paNa pitAne saMvatasara calA nahote AvI ja sthiti kSaharATa ane caNDaNa kSatrapALA saMvatanI thaI che. kSaharATa saMvata sthApanAra nahapAyuM che paNa tenI sthApanA tenA pitA bhUmakanA rAjyanI AdithI karI che. tevI ja rIte caSThaNe je saMvatanI (tene have ApaNe kSatrapa saMvata tarIke oLakhIzuM) sthApanA karI che te potAnA rAjyanI AdithI nahIM paNa pitAnA pitA kSatrapa zvametikanA rAjyanI AdithI che) tema ahIM paNa saMbhava che ke IzvasenanA saMvatanI (AbhIra saMvatanI athavA ItihAsamAM je kalacUri-cedI saMvata tarIke jaNAve che tenI sthApanA izvarasene pote nathI karI. bhale tenA rAjyaamalanI AdithI tene samaya gaNAya che paNa tenI sthApanA te pAchaLa AvanAra tenA koI anya pratApI tanuje karI che (juo te mATe nIcenI TI. naM. 62). (25) uparanI TIkA , 20 juo, (20) uparanI TI. naM. 9 sarakhA. (27) vizeSAMze je lakhavuM paDayuM che te eTalA mATe ke teja paddhati sAdapaNe grahaNa karAyelI che paNa sikkAmAM kotarAyela cihradarzanamAM kiMcita pheraphAra che. tethI sAdarzana lakhatAM vizeSAMza zabda vAparyo che. (28) temaNe (udAma vigerenA lekha vAMce) saMvatasara, mAsa pakSa ane divasa ema cAra vastune nideza hamezA karyo dekhAya che. sarakhA uparanI TI. naM.19 tathA ra7.

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pariccheda ] traikUTakonA sabaMdha khulatu ne prema thavA pAmyA hatA, te temAMthI nathI ja. jo ke te zeAdhI kADhavuM jarA kaThina teA che ja, chatAM kALAmAthAnA29 mAnavIthI zu asAdhya che ? te ukti pramANe kAMIka prayAsa karIzuM. pachI temAM keTale darajje ApaNane saphaLatA maLI gaNAze te te vAcaka ja kahI zakaze. hakIkata A vastunA niceADa lAvavA mATe eka ja vastu upayeAgI thatI mane dekhAI che. te krAi eka mahAkSatrapa Izvaradattane lagatI che. ema che ke, caNuvaMzI kSatraponu' rAjya ava'ti upara ekadhArU 30 cAlyuM AvatuM jaNAyu` che. temAM mahAkSatrapa dAmasenanuM rAjya 145-58 31sudhI tA cAlyuM hovAnuM teNe pADela sikkA uparathI jaNAya che. paNa te pachInA bethI traNa varasamAM krAi mahAkSatrapanA sikko ja pazcAnuM jaNAtu nathI. vaLI pAchA 161 thI yoAdAmana mahAkSatrapanA (29) kALu` mAthuM eTale kalakita baneluM che mAthuM jevuM evA arthAMmAM nahIM, paNa jenA mAthA upara kALA vALa AvI rahela che tevA manuSya ema samajavuM, pachI manuSyanuM mAthuM kALA, bhurA ke dhoLA vALanu hAya, chatAMye utimAM tA 'kALA mAthAnu` mANasa' evAja zabdaprayoga pracalita thayA che. (30) A kSatrAmAMnA keTalAkano samaya ApaNA pustakanI kSetra maryAdA bahAra cADhyA jAya che. eTale temanA AkhA vaMzanuM varNana karavAnA ApaNA adhikAra tA nathI ja; chatAM AsapAsanA aitihAsika sabaMdha samajavA mATe jeTaluM jarUrI che teTaluM chellA pustakamAM ApIzu` ja eTale temanI va'zAvaLI mATe te pustake jI. (31) vidvAnoe A sa`vatane zasa'vata mAnya che (eTale ke caNane zakapranane! nabIrA gaNI te sa vata tenA vazanA mAnya che) jethI tenI sthApanA je i. sa. 78 mAM manAi che te hisAbe dAmasenanA rAjyanA aMta 158+78=236 I. sa. mAM gaNyA che (paNu caDhaNa te zaka nathI ema ApaNe aneka vAra uparamAM jaNAvI gayA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 379 sikkA maLI Ave che, temaja 154 thI 10 sudhInA sAta varSamAM mAtra kSatrapa (mahAkSatrapa tarIke nahIM ja tarIkenA dAmajadazrI khIjo, vIradAsana, yazAdAmana ane vijayasena ema anukrama vAra cAra jaNAnA sikkA maLI Ave che. eTale ke, 154 thI 58 sudhImAM kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanA; ane 158 thI 60 sudhI mAtra kSatrapanA ja; ane te bAda pAchA kSatrapa mahAkSatrapanA sikkA maLe che, jethI vacalA traN vamAM (158 thI 160 sudhImAM 32 ) kAi mahAkSatrapa kema nathI thayu' te praznanI vicAraNA vidvAnAne UbhI karavI rahI. tyAM kAi eka33 tRtyAMgaja vyaktinAnAme izvaradattanA-ane te paNa mahAkSatrapanA khidavALA caNuvaMzI kSatrapeAnA sikkAne badhI rIte sAdaza dekhAtA sikkA 4 maLI AvyA. eTale temaNe kalpanA doDAvI. A bAbatamAM chIe, jIe pR.217thI AgaLa tathA sithIansanA vRttAMte, temaja sarakhAveA pR. 350 nA aMtabhAge TAMkyu e. hi. i. nuM pR. 9 tuM iMgrejI vAkya, A AMkanI mAyatAne lIdhe zu' muzkelI UbhI thaI che tathA temAM zuM sudhArA karavA yAgya che, te A pArIyAmAMnI AgaLa lakhela hakIkatathI samanaro (juo nIcenI TI. na'. 44) (32) temanA hisAbe 158+78=236 I. sa. thI 160+78=i. sa. 238 sudhInA samayanA, ema kahevAnI hetu che. (33) tRtIyAMga eTale kSatrapa kuTuMba sAthe sabaMdha na hAya tevA ( sarakhAve nIcenI TIkA na. 36) paNa mahAkSatrapa pada che tathA sikkAnI rabaDhaba badhI maLatI Ave che; eTale temanA koI amaladArahoya ane pAchaLathI temanI nabaLAine ke aMdhAdhUnIno lAbha lai svataMtra banI kheDA hAya ema anumAna karI zakAya che. juo nIce TI. na'. 65 tathA 66 (34) sikkA sAdaza che: temAM savaLI khAnuM mahera tathA lekha che ane avaLI bAju caNu vazI cinho che, paNa kSatrAmAM je saMvatane! mAM lakhela che tene www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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380 mi. repsana jaNAve che ke,35 8 The Maha* kshatrapa Ishwardatta struck silver coins of precisely the same style and types as those of the Western K. shatrapas; but it is certain that he did not belong to the same dynasty; pazcimanA kSatrAnA sikkAnI jAtanA ane bhAtanA barAbara sAdApaNe maLatA mahAkSatrapa zrvaradate rUpAnA sikkA paDAvyA che, paNa eTaluM cokkasa che ke te ( Izvaradatta ) te va'zA ( kSatrapa vazA ) nathI ja36", pachI AgaLa cAlatAM peAtAnA vicAra jaNAvatAM lakhe 37che ke, "This is shown (I) by his name... and (2) by his introduction of a foreign method of dating his coins in regnal years instead of in years of the Saka era. In both of these respects he follows, apparently. the example set by a dynasty of Abhira kings who succeeded the Andh ras in the Nasik District as is shown by the Nasik inscription dated in the 9th year of the Abhira king Ish AbhIra, zaka ane badale izvaradatta, potAnA rAjyanA prathama varSe, dvitIya varSa evA zabdo ja lakhyA che. (jIe A pustakamAM sikkA citra tathA tenuM varNana) caNa vazanA jema zilAlekhA maLI Ave che tema IzvaradattanA kAI zilAlekha maLI AvyA nathI. (35) jIe kaoN. A. re. prastAvanA pR. 133, pArA. 109. (36) te vAnA nathI eTale tadna judI ja jAtine tathA kuLanA che ema samajavu. ( sarakhAve uparanI TI. na. 33 tathA nIcenI TI. naM. 58-59) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ekAdazama warsena, son of the Abhira Shiva. datta. This dynastry is no doubt referred to by the Puranas...= bAbatanI khAtrI e vastu uparathI maLe che ( 1 ) tenA IzvaradattanA ) nAmathI ( 2 ) tathA sikkA upara zakasaMvatanA AMkane sthAnepeAtAnA rAjye ATalAmAM varSe-evI paradezI8 paddhati dAkhala karela hovAthI; A banne bAbAmAM dekhItI rIte teNe, AbhIra rAjAnA vaze khesADela dRSTAMtanuM anukaraNa karela che. jeo (AbhIra rAjAe) nAsika jIllAmAM AMdhrapatinI pachI gAdIe beThA che; te hakIkata AbhIra zivadattanA putra, AbhIrapati rAjA zvarasene potAnA ( rAjyanA navamA varSe kAtarAvela nAsikanA lekha uparathI spaSTa thAya che. kharekhara, A vaMzanA ( AbhIra rAjAonA ) ullekha purANAmAM paNa thayela che40" A uparathI temanA kahevAnI matalaba e thAya che ke...mahAkSatrapa izvaradatta AbhIrapati izvarasenanuM anukaraNa karela che; tathA AbhIrapatie, nAsika jIllAmAM pravazIe pachI rAjya calAvyuM che, te hakIkata purANAmAM paNa jaNAvavAmAM AvI che; chatAM ye mi, repsane A izvaradattane ane AbhIrapati (37) uparanI TI. naM. 35, (38 ) paradezI eTale capraNavaza karatAM je paddhati khIjI rIte hAya tene, caNava'zInA hisAkhe paradezI kahevAya; tethI ahIM te zabda vAparyo che. (39) AbhIra rAjAe kai paddhati vAparatA te mATe uparamAM TI. naM. 13 juo; tathA caRRNavaMzIo nI paddhatine mATe TI. na., 19 jIe, ane bannene sarakhAve. ( 40 ) eTale ke, A hakIkata mAtra kalpanAthI upanavI kADhela nathI paNa pramANika ane AdhAra sahita che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] vaikUTakone saMbaMdha 38 Izvarasenane zuM saMbaMdha hoI zake te bAbata rthana maLatuM nathI ja. eTale ke, De. bhagavAnalAlapitAnuM maMtavya jAhera kareluM nathI. paNa sadgata jInI be sUcanAmAMthI prathama svIkAra ane . 3. bhagavAnalAla IdrajItanI be sUcanAone bIjIno inkAra mi. resana kare che. vaLI havAlo ApIne jaNAve che41 ke-"Bhag- izvaradatta paDAvela sikkAonuM varadAna, yazowanlal's identification of Ishwar- dAmana, vijayasena AdinA sikkAo sAthe bArIka datta as an Abhira connected with nirIkSaNa karI ne te potAne abhiprAya pradathe dynasty represented at Nasik zita kare che ke44- "There can be little by Ishwarsena is therefore extremely doubt then that Ishwardatta reigned probable... Bhagwanlal's further suga sometime between A. D. 236 and gestion, that this conquest was 239 that is to say, at least ten years commemorated by the foundation before the foundation of the Traiby Ishwardatta of the Traikutaka kutaka era in A. D.249ztethI niHsaMdeha era in A. D. 249 cannot however che ke, IzvaradattanuM rAjya i. sa 236 thI 239 be supported=teTalA mATe ja AbhIra Izvara- nI vacce koIka samaye cAlyuM hatuM. eTale ke, senanA nAsikanA lekhamAM je vaMzane nirdeza karela i. sa. 249 mAM phUTaka saMvatanI sthApanA pUrve che te ja (vaMzanA) eka AbhIra tarIke Izvara ochAmAM ochA daza varSe." A uparathI samajAze dattanI bhagavAnalAle batAvelI oLakha, bahudhA ke, De. bhagavAnalAlanI bIjI sUcanAne paNa mi. saMbhavita ja che...(paNa) bhagavAnalAlanI bIjI resane adhakacare svIkAra karyo che ja; paNa sucanAra ema che ke, A jItanI yAdagIrImAM temanI muzkelI e che ke, saiphUTaka saMvatanI sthAizvaradatta I. sa. 249 mAM raikUTaka saMvatasaranI panAnI sAla je I. sa. 249 nI che, te uparanA sthApanA karI hatI, tene te tema chatAM ye sama- AMka sAthe (I 236 thI 239) maLatI kema (41) juo ke. A re. pra. pR. 134 paMkti 16 thI 18. (42) ke, A. re. prapR. 165, pAri. 110 paMkti 1 thI 4 (43) A jItanuM varNana ja. ra. e. sa. 1890 pR. 657 upara Do. bhagavAnalAlajIe ApyuM che. te game te purUSa hoya tenI sAthe ApaNe bahu nisabata nathI; paNa te chatane Izvaradatte eka asAdhAraNa parAkrama lekhyuM te hovuM joIe ja; eTale muddo ja ApaNe atre lekha rahe che. A jItathI teNe mahAkSatrapanuM pada dhAraNa karyuM che. (44) ke, A. re. pra, pR. 136 paMkti 6 thI 8 (45) uparanI TI. naM. 32 juo. (46) sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 31: je caNaNanA zakane samaya barAbara samajavAmAM Ave te ja A gUMca ApoApa nIkaLI jAya tema che. A muddo vistArapUrvaka pu. 5 nA aMte ja mAre sarakhA paDaze, kemake tyAM ca9NanA vaMzane lagatI hakIkata lakhavAnI che. ahIM te eTaluM ja jaNAvIza ke caSaNazAkanI sthApanA I. sa. 78 nahIM paNa I. sa. 103 mAM lekhavAnI che. eTale ke, temane je khulAso zaka saMvata 158 thI 160=I. sa. 236 thI 239 ne meLavo rahe che te kharI rIte 158+103=I.sa. 261 thI 160+ 103=I. sa. 163 sudhIne ja meLavo rahe che ema lakhavuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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382 AbhIra, zaka ane [ ekAdazama nathI thatI? je te banne AMka maLatA thaI jAya te temanI gUMca ukela AvI jAya khare. A gUMcanuM samAdhAna ApaNe ApaNI dalolathI temane karI batAvIe tenA karatAM temanA ja maMta- vyane AdhAre samajAvIe te temane jadI svI- kArya thaI paDaze. tethI temanA ja kathanane AgaLa dharIne jaNAvIzuM-AbhIra ane greTakAjhanI carcA karatAM temaNe AgaLa jatAM uccAyuM che keBut whatever may have been the relationshipbetween these two kings, it must remain doubtful, whether either of them could have been the founder of the era in question. They both apparently use regnal years, the one in his inscription and the other on his coins; and such slight evidence as there is, may perhaps in dicate that Ishwarsena reigned before Ishwardatta (p. cxxxvi )=24 be rAjAo48 vacce game te sagapaNa saMbaMdha heya, chatAM e hakIkata te zaMkAspada ja che ke, te bemAMthI ekeye prastuta saMvatanI sthApanA karI heya. te bannee spaSTa rIte-potAnA rAjya amale ATalAbhA varSe-evA zabdo (temAMnA ) eka zilAlekhamAM ane bIjAe sikkAo upara-vAparyA che ja; ane je A kiMcita purAvo che temAMthI ema sUcana meLavAya che ke, IzvaradattanI pUrve ja ivarasena para rAjya karI gaye che; (juo prastAvanA. pR.136). " eTale ema kahevA mAMge che ke, AbhIra saMvatanI sthApanA Izvarasene keIzvaradatta karI che-emAMthI koNe karI te bhale zaMkAmAM heya chatAM Izvarasena pahelo thayo che ane Izvaradatta pachIthI Avyo che ema te cokkasa che ja. ATalI hakIkata jANyA pachI paNa temaNe prastAvanA pR. 176 nI je sAkSI ApI che tyAM temaNe je vicAra darzAvyA che te nihALavA yogya che. tyAM temaNe lakhyuM che ke 3 It may be noticed, however that his father, the Abhira Shivadatta, bears no royal title and this would seem to indicate that he himself was the founder of the Abhira Dynasty and presumably the predecessor of Ishwarlatta. The precise connection between these early Abhiras and the later Traikutakas cannot be proved; but (47) jue che. A. re. pra. pR. 162. pAri. 135 paMkti. 9 thI 15 (48) Isena AbhIrapati ane mahAkSatrapa IzvaradattaH A baMnenAM nAma mi. resane pote ja AgaLanI paMktimAM jaNAvyA che eTale kaMI zaMkA jevuM rahetuM ja nathI. ( 4 ) saiphaTakasaMva-jene vidvAnoe kacerI athavA ceTI saMvata kahyo che tenI carcA mi. resane A ThekANe upADI che. eTale tene prastuta saMvatasara (era in question) gaNavAne che. jenI Adi I. sa. 29 thI gaNavAmAM Ave che ( juo nIce TI. naM. 55) (50) eke, eTale Izvarasene samajavuM ane zilAlekha mATe pR. 377 upara Takela zilAlekha naM. 45 nI hakIkta juo. (51) bIjae eTale Izvaradate samajavuM tenA sikkA uparanA zabdo mATe, A pustakane ane tene lagatI hakIkta juo. () uparanI TI. naM. 48 juo. (53) juo ke. A. ke. prastAvanA pra. 136 5. 136, paMkita 14-rA

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pariccheda ]. raikUTakene saMbaMdha 383 it is certain that they ruled in the temAM prathama zivadatta, te pachI saMvatasarano temaja same region, and that there is no AbhIravaMzane sthApaka Izvarasena ane te bAda reason why they may not have be. Izvaradatta mahAkSatrapa : ATaluM sAbita thayA pachI, longed to the same dynasty=di have A be vyaktino samaya zodhavAnuM ja bAkI neMdha levI rahe che ke, tene (Izvarasenano) bApa rahe che. temAMya Izvaradatta samaye te kSetranI AbhIra zivadatta koI rAjapadano IlakAba dharA- vaMzAvaLI uparathI I. sa. 261-264 ne ApaNe vate nathI; ane A sthiti ema sUcave che ke, tAravI kADhaye che (juo TIka naM. 46) tema te pote (Izvarasena ) ja AbhIra vaMzane Adi Izvarasenane je vaMzane sthApaka-eTale saMvatapurUSa tathA ghaNuM karIne Izvaradattane purogAmI sarane paNa sthApaka-gaNavAmAM Ave te tenA hate. pUrva samayanA A AbhIre ane pAcha- rAjyanI Adi I. sa. 249 TharAvavI paDaze H LanA trikuTake54 vacce kharekhara saMbaMdha zuM hato vaLI zilAlekhathI jaNAyuM che ke teNe ochAmAM te jo ke sAbita thatuM nathI, paNa eTaluM cokkasa che ochA nava varSa rAjaya karyuM ja che. eTale ke, teo eka ja pradeza upara adhikAra bhogavatA 261 ane 249 vaccenA bAra varSa sudhI tene hatA temaja teo eka ja vaMzanA hatA, ema na rAjatvakALa hato ema mAnI levuM te agya mAnavAne kAMI ja kAraNa nathI" A kathanamAMthI nahIM gaNAya. ane tema karAvatAM pR. 379 thI ApaNe je upagI tattva levuM rahe che te eTaluM ja zarU karelI A carcAnuM chevaTa A pramANe ke, AbhIra ane vaikuTake ekaja vaMzanA cheH neMdhI zakAze. zivadatta57-AbhIrapa8 vaMzana ane saMvatasarane sthApaka rAja59 izvarasena I. sa. 249 thI 261 =jeNe trirazmi pradeza upara hakumata sthApI hatI. mahAkSatrapa Izvaradattara I. sa. 2613 thI 264=jeNe pitAnA pitAnI hakumatamAM vadhAre athavA tethI AgaLa64 karI-kSatrapa rAjyane keTalAka mulaka jItI laI-5 mahAkSatrapapada dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. (54) "pAchaLanA" zabada sUcave che ke, AgaLa paNa keTalAka trikuTa thayA hovA joIe. ahIM pAchaLanA vaikaTake eTale pelA 207 saMvatsaravALA, dharasene I. navA (juo pR. 377 upara pAraDIne lekha na, 44) (55) jue uparanI TIkA na. 29 (56) juo upara pU. 375 nAsikano zilAlekha naM. 43. (57) rAjapadavI dhAraNa karI nathI tethI tene te vaMzano Adi purUSa TharAvI zakAya nahIM. (58) AbhIra te pati ane che te uparathI sutara nAma "AbhIra vaMza " lakhAyuM che. paNa kharI rIte temanA getranuM ke kuLanuM nAma ja vadhAre baMdhabesatuM gaNI zakAya. (59) rAjapade beTho che tethI (sarakhA TI naM. 57) tene AdipurUSa gaNAya. vaLI tene samaya I.sa. 24 che.ane saMvatasarane samaya paNa te ja; eTale tenA amalanI zarUAtanA smaraNaciha tarIke tene gaNa rahe. bAkI saMvatasarane pravartaka to Izvaradatta ja che; kemake te vizeSa pratApI nIvaDe che temaja svataMtratAsUcaka mahAkSatrapa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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384 AbhIra, zaka ane vaLI A niNaeNyane pR. 375 thI 279 mAMnI carcAmAM Avela chevaTa sAthe joDIzu tA ema tAraNu nIkaLaze ke, nahapANunA samaye, izvaradatta ke dinika nAmano zaka sainika tathA tene putra zaka rUSabhadatta thayA hatA.te bAda lagabhaga aDhI sadIne gALeA paDayA che.te bAda zakaprajAnu' rUpAMtara thaI te FAbhIra kahevAyA che. A AbhIra prajAnA prathama rAjA izvarasena hatA. tenA putra prazvaradatte svataMtra rAjya sthApI pAtAnA pitAnA rAjyArabhanA kALathI eka saMvatsara calAvyA hatA. tenuM nAma jo ke AbhIra saMvat kahevAya; paNa trirazmipa tavALA je pradeza upara temanuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM te upa rathI temanA vaMzanu nAma trikUTaka ane savatsaranuM 56 paNa teNe ja prathama dhAraNa karyuM che; te mATe rAja izvarasene kAI saMvatanuM nAma na lakhatAM "peAtAnA rAjye" evA zabdaprayoga karyo che. (60) zA mATe trirazmi rAbda vAparyo che, ane trikUTaka nathI vAparyo; te mATe uparanI TI. na. 26 jIe. (61) uparanA paradezI rAjakartAnA vRtAMta uparathI A padanI gaiAravatA vigereno paricaya ApaNane thaI gayA che. (jIe pR. 164 thI AgaLa. ) (62) saMvatsaranA sthApaka bhale Izvaradatta che paNa AdipurUSa Izvarasena pAte rAja banyo hevAthItenA samayanA prAraMbhathI ja saMvatsaranI Adi gaNAvI che. Ave dRSTAMta A kAMI prathama ja nathI, te mATe uparanI TI naM.24 jI, (63) izvarasenanI pAchaLa turata ja lAgalA thayA che. eTale banne vacce pitA-putrane saMbadha hAvAnuM viroSa anumAna khaMdhAya che. temaja pAte sava sthApaka hovA chatAM izvarasenanA samayathI je prAra'bha gaNAve che te muddAthI paNa ApaNA anumAnane samana maLe che. vaLI zivadatta, izvaradatta vigere nAma paNa parasparano saMbadha sUcave che. (64) rAjyano aMta lakhAye| dvAya ema jarUra mAnavuM rahe che; paNa cokkasa jaNAyu' nathI mATe tene Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ekAdazama nAma traikUTaka saMvatsara paDayuM che. tenA samaya I. sa. 249 kahevAya che. mahAkSatrapa izvaradatta pachI keTalAka kALa te vaMza cAlyA hatA. paNa pachI kayAre te nAbUda thayA te jaNAyuM nathI. vaLI rAjA dharasene te vaMzanA pAA udghAra karI asa lanA pradezamAM rAjya calAvavA mAMDayuM hatuM temaja te peAtAnA pUrvajonA saMvatsaranA 207=mAM i. sa. 456mAM varSe gAdIe AvyA hatA. tathA tenA vazajoe parAkrama batAvI rAjyanI vRddhi karavA mAMDI hatI.je245=I.sa.494 pachI paNa cAlu ja hatI. A pramANe ekaMdara carcAnA sAra thayA kahevAzeH chatAM vacce je me gALA (prathamane rUSabhadatta ane izvarasena vaccenA ane khIje AMka udhADI rAkhane paDe che. (65) je jItano ullekha De. bhagavAnajIe karyAM che te A chata samajavI (jIe uparanI TI. naM. 43) (66) svataMtra banyA che eTale ja teNe trirami pradeza uparathI tene ja anusaratu. traikava zanu nAma teNe pAyu' hovu' joie ( jIeuparanI TI. na'. 26 tathA 60 ) tethI trikUTanaza ane tenA rAnae te traikAsa kahevAya che. vaLI AgaLanA ane pAchaLanA baiTakA evA zabdo vaparAyA che ( jue TI. naM. 54 ) eTale A Izvaradatta vigerene prathamanA samajavA. pachI vacce truTI tUTI paDI haroane vaLI AgaLa jatAM dharasena vigere te va'zanA kuLa dIpA rAjapade svataMtra thayA haze:jethI temanA mATe pAchaLanA trAsa evu' viroSaNa zeDayu' kahevAya; bAkI eTalu tA cokkasa che ja ke, banne sa'vatasaranA upayAga karyo che. tethI samajavu rahe che ke te sarve eka ja tinA tathA gAtranA hatA. (juo uparanI TI, na'. 22 tathA 23) varazee eka ja (67) ema . / . te pUrve kSatrapa krasena pahelAnA samaye AbhIra prajA sainyapatinA hodA para hatI ( jue . AM. re. prastAvanA pu. 61 lekha na. 39) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] vaikUTakane saMbaMdha 385 Izvaradatta ane dharasena vacceno ) paDyA che tenA aitihAsika maMDA je maLI rahe te eka saLaMga vastu hAtha AvI gaI kahevAze, je ApaNe AgaLa upara joIzuM. jema dareka prajAnuM varNana karyA pachI temanA dharma vize lakhavAnI paddhati akhatyAra karI che tema ahIM paNa A traNa prajA vize lakhata, paraMtu have pachInA bIjA pariziSTamAM je prajAnuM varNana karavAnA chIe te lakhAI gayA bAda, te sarvenA dharmane lagato eka ja pArigrApha lakhavA dhAryo che, kemake te sarvene eka ja dharma hovAnuM zilAlekhathI tathA sikkAthI jaNAyuM che. pariziSTa nA A pariziSTamAM gUrjara prajA vize belavuM rahe che. temAM ozavAla, zrImAla ane poravADapiravAlana i. ne samAveza paNa thaI jAya che. jo ke sAmAnya rIte have te te zabda evA ja arthamAM vaparAte rahyo che ke sArAye gujarAtagUrjara rASTramAM vasatI prajA te gUrjara prajAH eTale temAM game te jJAti ane dharma pALatA mAnavIne samAveza thato gaNI zakAya. bAkI je samayanI ApaNe hakIkata lakhI rahyA chIe te samaye te gUrjararASTra ke gujarAta tevo zabda ja astitvamAM nahera eTale hAlanI mAphaka tevaDA baheLA ane (1) pUrvamAMthI AvyA te pIravAla, paravAla, piravADa kahevAya. kenI pUrva dIzA samajavAnI che tene khyAla AgaLa upara ApaNe khApIzuM. (2) te samaye ( eTale I. sa. pU. nI cArathI pAMca sadIe ) A pradezane mukhyatve karIne 'lAdeza'nA nAme oLakhavAmAM Avato hato. jo ke, tenI sImA cokkasapaNe haju kahI zakAtI nathI ja. jyAre vidvAnoe gUrjara prajAnI utpattine samaya che, sa nI chaThThI sadImAM mAne che ane tenuM sthAna vizALa arthanA rUpamAM gUrjara zabdanI vyAkhyA thatI nahatI. te samaye te mAtra ezavALa, zrImALa ane poravADa jAtinA sabhyone ja gUrjara prajAmAM samAveza karAtuM hatuM. te ApaNane nIcenA varNanathI samajAze; chatAM gUrjara zabdanI utpatti kema thavA pAmI te adyApi paryata aMdhArAmAM ja rahyuM che. eTale vidvAnoe svIkAryA pramANe A zabdane meM paNa upayogamAM lIdho che. vidvAnonI mAnyatA evI che ke, eziAI tukanI uttare AvelA kokesasara parvatavALA pradezamAMnA oIyA ke TAunamAMthI je A hiMda tarapha utarI AvyA hatA, temAMthI apabhraMza thatAM thatAM gUrjara nAma kadAca pADavAmAM AvyuM hoya. jyAre A puratamAM AryonuM mULa sthAna eziyAI tuka nahIM, paNa ezithAI turkastAnamAMhelA marva nAmanA zahera ane ekasasa nadIvALA pradezamAM TharAvI, tyAMthI temanuM saraNa aphagAnistAnanA zistAna prAMtamAM thayeluM jaNAvyuM che. tyAM zratikAra ityAdinI janmabhUmi hovAthI ane te pradezane -IAnA kahevAto hovAthI, tyAMnI prajAne tene maLatuM ja keI nAma apAyuM hoya ane pachI kALa jatAM tenuM apabhraMza banIne gUrjara thayuM hoya tevI eka zaMkA UbhI karI che. kharuM zuM hoI vAliyara-jhAMsIvALA pradezamAM ( sarakhA nIce TI. naM 25.) TharAvyuM che. (3) nIcenI TIkA naM. 4 jue. (4) kokesasa ane ekasasa bane nAma sarakhAMja gaNAya eTale nAmoccAranA sAdApaNAne lIdhe yuropIya vidvAnoe aneka vakhate eka vastune bIjI tarIke jema mAnI lIdhI che, tema A kissAmAM paNa banyuM haze ke? (5) jue uparamAM

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386 gurjara prajAnI [ ekAdazAma zake te haju sudhI nizcitapaNe sAbita thayuM nathI. game tema che, paNa je prajA tyAM vasI rahI hatI temAMnuM eka ToLuM I. sa. pu. nI chaThThI sadInI zarUAtamAM siMdhu nadI oLaMgIne tenI pUrvanA pradezamAM vasavA mAMDayuM hatuM. vaLI irAnI zahenazAha Deriyasa ane te bAda jharasIjhanA samaye paNa aneka kAraNone lIdhe te prajAnI AvajAva ghaNI hatI. temAMye jyArathI kudaratI kepathI siMdhudezanI rAjadhAnI vitabhayapaTTaNano nAza thaine jesalamIranuM raNa banI gayuM hatuM, tyArathI athavA te pachI thoDA vakhateja pUrva samayanI sarvapra. kAranI AvajAva upara aMkuza paDI gayo hate. eTale have hiMda temanAthI bhinna ja paDI gayA hata; jo ke atyAra sudhI je prajA sidhu nadInI pelI pArathI hidamAM AvI vasI hatI temanI saMkhyA to ghaNIye hatI; chatAM patto maLe che tyAMsudhI, AvI prajAmAMnI lagabhaga lAkha doDha lAkhanI saMkhyAne I.sa. pU. 457 thI 447 nA arasAmAM jainAcArya zrI ratnaprabhasUrie svadharmanI dIkSA ApI jaina dharma banAvI hatI. A prajAe bhinnamAla nagara jyAM hAla AvyuM che te sthAnanI AsapAsa navI nagarI vasAvIne saMsthAna jamAvyuM hatuM. te nagarInuM nAma eziyA hatuM. te upa- (6) irInIonI sattA te A pradeza sudhI laMbAi hoya ema jaNAyuM nathI. (juo u5ramAM pR.285) (7) vartamAna rAjapUtAnAmAMnA rihI rAja goDavAla prAMtamAM te AveluM che (nora, khAtara, kaMjalanera, eraNapurA, pAlI, luNAI. AkhA gauDavAla prAMta ja mULa gUrjara prajAnI bhUmirUpe jANu) tenuM sthAna dha- purathI Abu parvatanI dizAmAM lagabhaga 28 mAIla upara kahI zakAya. tyAMthI ja gurjara prajanIvikAnA matathI gurjara rAjapatenI utpatti kahI zakAze. ( A pari. damAM khAgaLa uparanuM varNana vAMco ) hiM. 5 . (guvAo ) 5. 68. Abu rathI tyAMnA nagarajano ozavALa kahevAyA che. A leke sarva rIte sukhI hovAthI-athavA kaho ke tyAM AvIne sukhI thavAthI-mULa vatananA temanA jAti bhAIone AkarSaNa thayuM. eTale bIjuM eka nAnuM ToLuM pacAseka varSamAM vaLI AvI caDayuM hatuM. A TeLAmAM paM. cANakyanA bApadAdAo AvyA heya ema samajI zakAya che. pachI samrATa priyadarzinanA rAjya temaja te bAda jyAre siMdhu nadInI pUrva ane pazcimano vyavahAra vadhI paDyo hato, tyAre nahapANunA jamAI bhadattanA bApadAdAnuM ToLuM AvIne eziyA nagarInA vatanIomAM bhaLI gayuM hatuM. A pramANe vastIne vadhAre thavAthI temAMthI thoDAka pAsenA pradezamAM bIjI nagarI vasAvI rahevA mAMDayuM; paNa A bannenI avarajavara ane bheLaseLa cAluja rahyA. A navI umerAyelI prajAmAMthI zrImALInI utpatti thaI kahI zakAya. vaLI te pradeza upara jyArathI bhUmaka kSaharATanI rAjyasattA cAlu thaI hatI tyArathI te te savenA rUparaMga ja pharI gayA hatA ema kahIe te paNa cAle; kemake Ame teo mULa Aryo te hatA ja, temAM have te vaLI teo hiMdI ja banI gayA hatA. uparAMta samrATa priyadarzine prasAra karela dharmanAM sAdhana parvatanI vAyavya 50 mAila para AvelA bhinnamAla athavA zrImAla nagaramAM gUrjara rAjapUtAnI rAjadhAnI hatI. bharUcane gurjara rAjavaMza, bhinnamAla rAjavaMzanI eka zAkhA mAtra hatI. (8) pu. 2 mAM cANakayanA janmasthAna vizenI sarva hakIkata vAMcavAthI A bAbatanuM badhuM anusaMdhAna maLI rahetuM samajI zakAze. (9) A samayane ApaNe I. sa. pU. 290 thI 250 ne kahI zakIzuM. (ke. ha. I. 5. 156 mAM je lakhyuM che ke migreDeTasa bIjAnA samaye zaka prajAmAM khaLabhaLATa thaye ho te A prasaMga hevA saMbhava che) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricacheda ] utpatti vize 387 nanI ati vipulatA te pradezamAM sacavAI rahela ane te vakhate avaMtinI gAdI sara karavA mATe hevAthI temaja teoe paNa upara jaNAvI rUSabhadatta Abu parvatanA mArge avaMtinI gayA pramANe te ja dharma aMgIkAra karI lIdhela dizAmAM prayANa karyuM hatuM ema jaNAvI gayA hevAthI11 tyAM teo amanacamanamAM rahI pitAnA chIe. tyAM te sthAna jama thaI gayAnA mAdivasa gujAratA paDI rahyA hatA. pachI bhUmakanuM cAra maLavAthI pitAnI ja hakumata nIcenA ga.. rAjya samApta thatAM nahapAne amala AvyA. TramAM teNe ao nAMkhyo ane jUnAgaDha-giri vaLI jyArathI te aravallI parvatanI pUrva pradezane nagaramAM gAdI karI. jethI eziyA ane bhinnasvAmI banyo tyArathI tyAMnI prajA, tenAja rAjyanI mAlanAM sArAM sArAM kuTuMba penAnA mAnItA aravallInI pazcima bhAganI prajA sAthe saMbaMdhamAM rAjAnI pAchaLa pAchaLa saurASTramAM utaryA. A AvatI gaI. eTale A pUrvanI prajAvALo pramANe hijarata karanArAmAMne ceDeka bhAga bhAga te paravADanA nAme oLakhAvA lAgyAnuM vacce AvatA kacchamAM aTavAI gayo ane tyAM kahevAya. A pramANe ozavALa, zrImALa13 ane saMsthAna jamAvyuM. kacchamAM tethI ja ozavAla ane piravADanI utpatti hovAne mAre khyAla che. zrImALI atyAre mAlUma paDe che jyAre paravADanuM pachI nahapANa jyArathI avaMtipati banyo tyAM nAma ja nathI. athavA maLI Ave che te paNa tyArathI te te traNe prajA A bAju ane pelI bahu ja juja; kemake pigvADanuM vasatisthAna maLe bAju ema cAre tarapha prasaravA maMDI paDI hatI. aravallInI pUrvamAM ja hatuM. ane te pradeza upara bhUmaka ane nahapAnI sattA saurASTra para paNa te gardabhIla vaMzIonI ANa prathamathI vatI jAmelI ja hatI. eTale te dizA tarapha paNa thaI gaI hatI; eTale temane te deza cheDIne prayANa temane utAra te hato ja. chatAM eTalA meTA karavA bahu agatyatA rahI nahatI. paNa jyAre pramANamAM te nahato ja. te rUSabhadattanA rAjA gabhIle15 (kharuM nAma darpaNa Urpha gaMdharva samaye ja the dekhAya che. nahapAnuM maraNa thatAM sena ) jenadhamAM hovA chatAM, kAmane vaza thaI avaMtinI gAdIe gardabhIla vaMza AvyuM hatuM anAcAra Adaryo hato. tyAre tenA pratikAra tarIke (10) priyadarzinanA maraNa bAda, ane gaMgavaMzI vRttAMtamAM pusAra thaI gayuM che. amala daramyAna, bhArata dezanA anya vistAramAM zaga- (12) A kAraNathI ja peravADanI vastI kharavaMzI rAjAoe dharmadreSane lIdhe saghaLuM phADI teDIne vallInI pazcime bahu nathI dekha tI jaina dharmanuM nAmanizAna kADhI nAkhyuM hatuM. paNa (13: je A pramANe sa cu ja kare te eziyAaravalInI pazcimane pradeza temanI sattAmAM Avela na nagarInuM sthAna judu ja kare. tyAMnA ozavALa kahevAya hovAthI ( juo minenDara ane bhUmakanA rAjayavistAranI tyAre tenI pAsenA nagaranuM nAma bhinnamAla ane tenA hakIkata che te sthAnane potAnA bhakSa35 teo banAvI rahIze zrImALa kahevAya; A bane sthAna nachA hevA zakayA na hotA. tethI ja tyAM jena maMdira vigere jaLavAi joIe eTaluM kharuM ja. rahyAM hatAM (uparanI TI. naM. 7 mAM gUjaratI utpattinA (14) gabhIla vaMzane ratha 5ka hevAthI tenuM sthAna sAthe sarakhAvo) nAma gabhIva paDI gayuM che ane te ja nAme TUMkAmAM () maka, nahapANa 2Sabhadatta vigere AkhI oLakhAI gayo che. bAkI to tenA vaMzanA sarva saharATa ane zaka prajA jena hatI ema temanA rAjAone gabhIla tarIke saMbodhI zakAya. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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388 gUrjara prajAnI [ ekAdazama thaDAke rUSabhadattanA rAjyane mArga lIdhe hatA. ane vartamAnakALe uttara gujarAta je kahevAya che tyAM Azaro lIdho hata; jethI paravADanI vasatI tyAM paNa maLe che. paNa saurASTra sudhI teo pahecela nahIM hovAthI, saurASTramAM paravADa bIlakula nathI athavA bahu ja juja che. vaLI je ozavAla ane zrImALI kacchamAM utaryA temAM moTo bhAga madhyama sthitine levAthI, tyAM pitAne asala dha che je khetIvADI ane Dheraucherane hato temAM teo paDI gayA, temaja tyAM bhUminI vizALatA hovAthI te ThekANe temane phAvaTa paNa AvI gaI atyAre paNa te pradezanA ozavAla ane zrImALa te dhaMdhAmAM macyA rahela jaNAya che. kharI vAta che ke, kALapalaTA pramANe have to temaNe te asalane vyavasAya choDI paNa dIdho che. A samaye zaka prajAnA mULa vatanamAMthI eka trIjuM ToLuM utarI AvavAno prasaMga upasthita thayA hatA. jenuM varNana gaI bhIla vaMzanA vRtAMtamAM lakhavAnuM che ja. atra te samaya pUratuM ja jaNAvIzuM. rAjA gardabhIlanA duSTa AcaraNane lIdhe tene zikSA karavA kaI jabaradasta hAthanI jarUra hatI. hiMdamAM te vakhate je parA- kramI ane baLavAna sattAo rAjyaamala upara hatI temAMthI koI upayogI thAya tema nahotuM15 eTale siMdhunI pelI pAra vastA zaka saradAronI madada levI paDI hatI. te prajA zistAnanA kAMThe irAnI akhAtanA rastethI utarIne saurASTramAM utarI hatI. tyAM rUSabhadatta-asala pitAnI ja zaka prajAnA saradAra-nI sattA hatI eTale temane badhAne phAvatuM AvI gayuM hatuM rAjA rUSabhadatta (15) A mATe keTaluMka vivecana uparamAM dazamA paricchede apAI gayuM che. (16) rANabaLazrIne putra je gautamIputra zAta jena dhamI hatA. vaLI zaka prajAne teDI lAvanAra paNa jainAcArya ja hatA, tema prasaMga paNa jaina dharmanI rakSA khAtarane hato. uparAMta potAnA duzmananI sAme-kemake pitAne hakaka DubAvIne avaMtipati banI beThelA gardabhIlanI sAme-yuddha karavAnuM hatuM eTale rUSabhadattane te sonuM ane sugaMdha bheLuM maLyA je prasaMga hato. paNa pote ati vRddha thaI gayo hato athavA maraNa pathArIe hate. eTale bahu upayogI thAya tema nahotuM ja; tema pitA putra devaNaka nAnI umarana hovAthI ghaNe madadagAra thaI paDe tema nahotuM. jethI potAnI zakti anusAra navA AgaMtuka zaka prajAnA TeLAne potAnA pradezamAM rahevAnI mAsuM besI gayela hevAthI yuddha mATe Rtu pratikuLa gaNAya mATe) tathA anya jarUrIAtanI anukULatA karI ApI hatI. pachI te yuddha thayuM ane temAM zaka prajAne vijaya thayo vigere itihAsa AgaLa upara kahevAmAM Avaze. paNa atra je neMdha levI ghaTe che te e ke, ahIM rahelI rUSabhadattavALI zaka prajA (jo ke temane te have hiMdI prajA ja kahI zakAya, paNa saMbaMdha batAvavA khAtara A zabda vAparyo che) temaja yuddha pachInA zaka rAjAnI prajA te banne mizrita thaI gaI hatI. pachI jyAre aMdhrapati gautamIputra zAtakaraNIe saurASTra bhUmi upara yuddhamAM vijaya meLavIne A zaka prajAne saMhAra vALI nAMkhe, tyAre tene je juja bhAga bacata rahevA pAme temAMthI AbhIra prajAne udaya thayAnuM ane temAMthI prakhyAta saurASTrapati rA"vaMzanI utpatti thayAnuM kahI zakAya. tema bIjI bAju karaNI (juo ke. A. re. prastAvanAmAM zilAlekha naMbara 37) tarIke oLakhAya che te. (17) temanAmAM ozavAla vigerenI vastI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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--- - - -- -- paricheda ]. utpatti vize 380 A rUSabhada, tenA sasarA nahapANanA rAye nAsikanA pradeza upara jIta meLavI, cheDe samaya tyAM sattA bhogavI hatI ane pitAnI prajAne vasAvI hatI, temAMthI AbhIra prajAnI bIjI zAkhA UbhI thayAnuM kahI zakAya. "pariziSTa , mAM jaNAvyA pramANe temAMthI rAjA Izvarasena tathA trikUTaka mahAkSatrapa Izvaradattano udaya thayo kahI zakAya. A pramANe dakSiNanA AbhIra ane saurASTranA AbhIra, bhale eka ja prajAnA aMze che, chatAM dakSiNavALI prajAnI sAthe ezavAla, zrImALa ane piravADa tarIke prakhyAta thayela prajAne aMza bhege maLela na hevAthI, teo saurASTranA AbhIra karatAM teTalA aMze17 nirALA paDI jatA kahevAya. ATalA vivecanathI samajI zakAze ke, ozavAla, zrImALa ane paravADa prajAnuM sthAna aravallInI pUrve 18 ane pazcime tathA avaMtimAM ane saurASTramAM ja mukhyapaNe hatuM. A pradeza upara rAjA gardabhIla darpaNanuM ane te pachI, zaka prajAnuM rAjya thayuM hatuM. te bAda zakAri vikramAditya ane tenA vaMzanuM rAjya thayuM. te bAda caNavaMzI kSetranuM thayuM. A sarva rAjAo19 jaina matAnuyAyI hatA eTale tyAM sudhI temanI jAheralAlI, dharmaprema tathA dharma pAlananI vRttimAM vRddhi ja thatI rahI hatI; paNa pachI guptavaMzIone rAjaamala te sarva pradeza upara tapato thayo hato. teo vaidika matAnuyAyIathavA te vizeSa aMze zaktinI upAsanA tarapha DhaLatA-hovAthI A traNe varganI sarva prajAne sahana te karavuM paDayuM hatuM. chatAM te sarva rAjAo prajApremanI kiMmata AMkanArA hovAthI temanI prajA tarIke avaMtisuddhAMmAM paNa temane dharmanI bAbatamAM khamavuM paDyuM nahotuM; ema TUMkamAM kahI zakAya kharUM. temaja temanI (guNavaMzanI) paDatInA samaye temano je saradAra athavA sainyapati vijayasena saurASTramAM hakumata calAvato hato teNe svataMtra banI pitAnA maitraka vaMzanI sthApanA karI hatI. tenA amalamAM paNa teo te ja pramANe nirUpadravita jIvana gALI rahyA hatA. paNa guptavaMzano saMhAra karanAra huNa prajAnAM ToLe ToLAM jyAre utarI paDayAM ane temanA saradAra taramANanI tathA tenA putra mihira kuLanI sattA avaMti upara thaI (I. sa. 490 thI 533 sudhI) tyAre te jorajulama, damana, lUMTaphATa, bhAraphADa raMjADa, strIone pakaDI vyabhicAra seva, mANasane bAnamAM pakaDI lai javA, ItyAdi eTalAM badhAM vadhI bhale nahatI, paNa tethI teo jaina matAnuyAyI rahetA ema te na ja kahI zakAya. ulaTuM temanA zilAlekha ane sikkA uparathI ema puravAra thaI zake che ke teo na dharma ja hatAH je hakIkata have pachInA pArigrApha paSTa karavAmAM AvI che te juo. (18) juo uparamAM TI. naM. 1. tathA tenI sAthe TI. naM 7 nI hakIkata sarakhA. (19) A sarve nAmo je jaNAvyAM che tene jaina dharma gaNI levAmAM bahu vAMdhA jevuM ke Azcarya jevuM vAcakane nahIM lAge, paNa thaSaNa kSatrapanA vaMzane te saMpradAyanA gaNAvatAM teo ekadama AzcaryamAM garakAva thaI jAya tevuM lAgaze ja, chatAM duniyAmAM zuM zuM nathI banatuM jaNAyuM? eTale te viSaya have pachInA pArigrAphe carcAya che tyAM jevAM vinaMti che. vaLa te bAda sikkAnI keTalIka hakIkata cheDI che. te sarva vAMcIne manana karavA paNa vinaMti che. (20) A mitrakavaMza nAma kema paDayuM te jaNAyuM nathI. itihAsamAM tene vallabhIvaMzanA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Avyo che. A vijayasenanuM TUMkuM nAma bhAI-bhadAraka paNa hatuM. tenI sattA amalane samaya

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390 gUrjara prajAnI [ ekAdazI paDavAM ke, koI prajAne sukhe besIne dhAna khAvAne jJAo lIdhI tathA huNa prajA taraphathI ladAtA vAra paNa nahato. tevA samaye pachI dharmanI te sarva prakAranA upasarga sAme Apadadharma tarIke kone ja paDI haiya? chatAM thoDo samaya A sarva kSatriyatna dhAraNa karI aMtima hada sudhI laDI levA prajAe khAmozI ane sabUrI pakaDI rAkhI: paNa zapatha lIdhA. atra ezavAla, zrImAla, piravADa jyAre koI mArgaja na rahyo ane huNa saradAroe vargamAMthI jeNe hathiyAra dharyA teo havethI trAsa vartAvavAmAM AghuM pAchuM 21 jevuM ja kSatriya tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyA.24 bAkI nahIM, tyAre A sarva ozavALa, zrImAla ane jemaNe hathiyAra nahotA grahaNa karyA te emane piravADe tyAMnI anya prajA sAthe maLI jaI ema sAdA prajAjana rahyA. ane prajAnuM sAmate pradezanAM ati pavitra gaNAtA tIrthasthaLa sAmuM yuddha maMDAyuM ane avaMti tathA AbunI Abu upara ekaThA thayA; ane yuddhocita zura- vacce AvelA maMdira mukAme ghara saMgrAma vIratA grahaNa karI, hathiyAra upADavAnI prati- bha. temAM huNa prajAne ekadama saMhAra vaLI gupta saM. 160=I. sa. 470 nA arasAmAM kahevAya. te samaye avaMti upara kaMdaguptane amala tapa hate; paNa te vaMzanI paDatI thatAM ja te vakhate A bhadArakane je nabIre sattA upara hote teNe mahArAja pada dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. (2) A huNa prananI khAsiyata vize guwvasa taraphathI chapAyela, hiMdane itihAsa uttarArdha chapAIne I sa. 1935 mAM bahAra paDe che. tenA lekhaka mi. choTAlAla bAlakRSNa purANIe je vicAre pR. 54 mAM TAMkayA che te purate khyAla Ape tema che jethI A nIce te sadAbarA utAryA che. "hidanI badhI praNAlI kathAo mihiragalane lohI tarasya ane sItamagara tarIke varNavavAmAM saMmata thAya che. teo khetara ane gAmaDAM AgathI bALatAM ane koI paNa jAtanA viveka vagaranI kaleAmathI lohIthI relAyelAM jotAM, bhayavismata thayelA lokone e hunenAM saMkhyA, baLa, jhaDapI gati tathA nivArI rAkAya evI krUratAne anubhava thaze. bA badhA kharA bhamAM temanA tINA avAja, jaMgalI cALA, tathA IsarAo ane temanA vicitra beDeLapaNAthI nIpa- jatAM vismaya ane tIvra aNagamAnI lAgaNIthI umero thatuM hatuM. bAkInI manuSya natithI teo temanA paheLA khAvA, capaTAM nAka tathA mAthAmAM UMDI utarI gayelI nAnI kALI AMkhethI judA paDatA hatA ane lagabhaga nahIM jevI dADhI hovAthI temanAmAM juvAnInI madanagI bharI zobhA ke ghaDapaNane AdaraNIya dekhAva mahete jovAmAM AvatuM." (22) rAjapUtanA cAra agnikuLanI utpati Abu parvata upara thayAnuM ItihAsa je jaNAve che te A prasaMga samaja. cAra agnikuLonAM nAma(1) jodhapuraane pratihAravaMza (2) ajamerane cahuANavaMza (3) mALavAne paramAravaMza (4) ane cothe caulukyavaMza gaNAya che paNa mane zaMkA thAya che ke temAM A vaMzane kAMIka vizeSa paDatuM mahAna apAI gayuM che (juo nIce TIkA naM. ra7 tathA A pRDe AgaLanI hakIkata ) H. H. P. 659:-The Hindu Rishes & Brahamins make new heroes at Mount Abu. These heroes are called Agnikula or Fire dyansty. (23) mujI vansa phora mbha ho timo vo muJA ho judo hoda muut mANasa karmathI brAhmaNa thAya, karmathI kSatriya thAya, karmathI vaizya thAya ane zuddha paNa karmathI-kriyAthI ja thAya. (24) A kAraNathI ja ozavALa zrImALane saMbaMdha je meLavavA jaze te rAjapUtAnAnA kSatriya sAthe maLatuM thaI jAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] utpatti vize gaye ane hiMdI kSatrine vijaya thayo. prajA jayajayakAra bolavA lAgI ane teNe chUTakArAno dama kheMcyo. A banAva I. sa. 533 mAM baje kahI zakAze. pachI je kSatriyoe yuddhamAM bhAga lIdhe have temaNe vijayaprAptinA prade- zanI vaheMcaNI karI lIdhI. eka bhAge asalanA bhinnamAla-oziyA nagarI tarapha bhAga lIdho. teone vaMzavela itihAsamAM pratihAra tarIke prakhyAta thayo. temanI uttare Avela ajameravALA pradezane bhAga cauhANuvaMzI tarIke prakhyAti pAmelAoe lIdhe; jyAre bIjA be bhAge aravallInI A bAjue-eTale pUrvamAMnA pradeza upara-jamAvaTa karI temAMnA dakSiNanA bhAga upara eTale avaMti upara paramAravaMzI ane uttaranA eTale gvAliyara-jhAMsIvALA bhAga upara maukharIra5 kSatrie kabajo meLavyo. A cAre vibhAgamAMthI je kSatriyae vizeSapaNe kauzalya dAkhavyuM temane sauthI utkRSTa agatya tAvALo avaMtine bhAga apAye. tenuM sthAna paNa sauthI UMcu rakhAyuM. ane tyArathI te pradeza je mAlavA paNa kahevAto hato tene anusarIne eka navo saMvatasara gatimAna che. jenuM nAma paNa mAlavasaMvata pADavAmAM AvyuM. maukharI kSatrinA bhAge je pradeza gayo hato te sthAnane vidvAnoe gUrjara prajAnI utpattinA eka sthAna tarIke lekhAvyA che. zuM kAraNa temane maLyuM haze te ka9pI zakAtuM nathI. bAkI rAjapUta prajAnA cAra vargamAM vidvAnoe caulukya rAjapUtane gaNAvyA che, te bahu samayecita nathI lAgatuM; kemake temanI utpattine ( caulukya vaMzanI gAdina) samaya paNa judo paDe che temaja uparamAM varNavela sarva sAmAnya prajA upara utarI Avela AphatanA vidyAraNamAM temaNe koIpaNa prakAre bhAga bhajavyAnuM paNa dekhAtuM nathI, tema temane sattA pradeza paNa sarvathA julama veThanArI prajAnI bhUmithI taddana alaga paDI gayela che. eTaluM ja atyAranA rAjapUtAnAnA temaja gujarAtanA ezavALe pitAne rajapUta kSatriyanI olAdamAMthI utarI AvelA je gaNAve che tenuM kAraNa paNa e ja samajavuM. (25) gvAlivara upara hakumata bhegavatA rAjAene vidvAnoe kane janA samrATa harSavardhananA vaMza mAMthI utarI AvelA gaNyA che, paNa bhUlavuM joItuM nathI ke harSavardhananI bahenane gvAliyarapati vere paraNAvI hatI eTale te kajane ane vAliyarane vaMza eka na ja kahevAya. hA, eTaluM kharuM ke harSavardhananA vaMzane aMta AvyethI tenuM rAjya tenI bahenanA ghera gayuM hatuM, jethI kane januM rAjya gvAliyara patinI ANAmAM AvyuM kahevAya, vaLI pAchaLathI gvAliyaranA kSatriya maukharI rAjapato kahevAya che temane parihAravA ( kanejano ke tenI AsapAsanA pradezana) sAthe saMbaMdha hato khare, paNa tethI teo pote ja te vaMzanA na kahI zakAya, vaLI AgaLa jatAM, A maukharI vaMzamAM rAjA bheja deva thayA che ane te ja samaye avatinI gAdIe paramAra vaMzamAM paNa bhAjadeva thaye che ? banne bhojade samakAlIna hovAthI (juo pu.1 pR. 187 nI TIkAmAM ApelI vaMzAvaLI) vidvAnee eka bIjAnAM jIvana caritra guMcavI nAMkhyA che, balake eka ja dhaNInA tarIke temaNe gaNI lIdhAM che. te pRSThanI vaMzAvaLImAM maukharI rAjapUtane meM paNa vidvAnI mAnyatAne anusarIne parihAravaMza tarIke oLakhA che; paNa upara jaNAvyA pramANe te hakIkta saMzodhana mAMge che. (26) sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 7. (27) I.sa. 533 mAM A yuddha maMDAyuM tyArapahelAM te tenI utpatti thaI cUkI paNuM hatI. A hakIkata sAkSI Ape che ke agnikuLanI utpatti sAthe tene saMbaMdha hoI na zake. uparanI TIkA na. 22 sarakhA. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[ ekAdazama me rajU karyAM che. tenA sAra sakSiptarUpe pA nIce utAr' . temAM thatI kAI skhalanA vidyAnA sudhAraze evI icchA sAthe te viSaya baMdha karU chuM. dhAre che ane mArI mAnyatA zuM badhAi che te nIcenI 392 nahIM paNa tenAthI ati ati dUra paDela che. upara pramANe gUrjara prajAnI utpattinA ane kSatriyatva sAthenA temanA joDANatA tihAsa, jeTalA ane jema, mane sujhayA tema, ahI gurjara prazna vize vidrAnA zuM kalamamAM sAra rUpe jaNAvuM chuM. vidvAnAnA mate kArkasasa parvatavALA pradeza jene pAchaLathI jI MyA prAMta kahevAmAM AvyA che te jIyorjIyA uparathI te pradezamAM rahenArA(1) mULa tathA enajIeyIna kahevAyA utpatti ane tenuM apabhraMza thatA thatAM gUrjara zabda vaparAtA thayo. kAikanA mate gU ranI utpatti je kUNu prajA himAlayanI uttarethI AvI hatI temAMthI thayAnu' gaNAya che. (2) vastInuM gvAliyara ane jhAMsI tyAM Avela che tenI AsapAsanA pradeza mAne che. sthAna gUjara prajAnI rAjapUtAnAne bhAga che : rAjadhAnI bhinnamAla nagara hatu, je hAlanA jodhapura zaheranI kAMika dakSiNe ane ziAhI rAjyanA goDavADa nAmathI oLakhAtA prAMtamAM AveluM hatuM. ( TIpaNu : jodhapuranA sevaka athavA bhAjaka tarIke gaNAtA brAhmaNA, peAtAne zAkadvIpanA brAhmaNA tarIke oLakhAva che. teo paNa avyaMga jevI eka gherI ( Neck-lace=gaLAnI kaMThI) gaLe bAMdhatA. samrATa priyadarzinanA khaDalekhAmAM jene 28bhAjakAjha karIne sa MbodhyA che te zuM A jodhapura rAjyanA vatanI haze ke !) (3) samaya isavInI cAthI, pAMcamI ke chaThThI sadImAM temanA samaya29 gaNe che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat kharI sthiti zuM saMbhave che-mArA mate zakatAna athavA zistAna jyAM vaidikamatanA dharmaprathAnA kartA-muni manu Adi RSio janmyA hatA tyAMnA vatanIe te che. kudaratI AphatathI ke rAjakartAnA julmathI hiMda tarapha teo utarI AvyA hatA ane temAMthI gUrjara prajAnI utpatti mukhyapaNe thai che. (28) nue buddhiprakAza (guvasetu' mukhapatra ) pu. 76, pR. 11. sara chaNujI meAdInu' bhASaNa. rInI sthApanA thaI hatI tyArathI ja aitihAsika dRSTie levI rahe che. bAkI vizeSapaNe te tene vepAra ane vyavRddhi i, rA. pU. ceAthA saikAnI zarUAtathI-mahArAjA priyadarzinanA samayathI-thavA pAmI hatI. eTale tyAMthI gaNavI hAya tApaNu gaNI zakAze. tene maLatA ja abhiprAya eka trimAsika patramAM A pramANe zabdomAM AlekhAyo che: "The probabilities are that the Gurjaras are of the same stock as the Sakas and came into India with them; and on the break of the Mauryan Empire they began to rule Gujarat, Kathiawar jo ke vItabhayapaTTaNanA daTTaNunA samayathI tenI Adi gaNAya; paNa kharI rIte tenI noMdha I. sa. pU. 447 mAM jyArathI eziyA naga (29) sarakhAve| uparamAM TI. na'. 4. 30) jIe dhI kavArTalI jaranala opha dhI misTika seAsAyaTI pu. 10 sane 1919-20, pU. 187 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] utpatti vize 33 and Malwa, where they had already settled=vadhAre saMbhavita te ema che kegurjara ane zaka prajA te baMne eka ja mAMthI 31 uddabhavI che ane sAthe ja hiMdamAM AvI che ane maurya sAmrAjyanI paDatI thatAM, teoe gujarAta, kAThiyAvADa ane mALavAmAM rAjya sthApyuM che. ke jyAM teo kayAranAra AvIne vasI rahyA hatA. have teonA dharma saMbaMdhI ullekha karIe. hevA joIe. A zilAlekha anumAnane te jANavAnuM mukhya sAdhana sikakAnA purAvAo Teko ApatA jaNAyA che. uparanI te zilAlekha ane si- trikUTavaMzanAM sikkAo jevAthI33 mAlUma paDaze sa kakAo sivAya anya koI ke, temaNe jainadharmanAM je cihno, sUrya, caMdra prajAne jaNAtuM nathI, tema dUsarAM ane tya34i che te sarve temAM kotarAvyAM che. vaLI dharma sAdhana maLI Ave te teTalAM itihAsa paNa sAkSI pUre che ke mahArASTranA pramANika gaNAya paNa nahIM. rASTikavaMza-vairASTikavaMzanA rAjAo jemane hiMdIzaka prajAnuM vivecana karatAM sAbita TakavaMzI rAjAnI olAda gaNavAmAM Ave che te karI cUkyA chIe ke teo jainamatAnuyAyI hatA. jainamatAnuyAyI ja hatA. eTale jyAre, te trakUTabIjI AbhIra ane trIjI vaikuTakavaMzI prajAvize paNa vaMzanA Adi ane aMtima purUSa eka ja dharma uparanA paricchede ja temanA zilAlekhI purAvAthI pALatA mAluma paDayA che tyAre vaccagALanA rAjAo puravAra karAyuM che ke teo sarva eka ja vaMza- paNa te ja dharmanuM pAlana karatA haze ema sahaja jati-ke kuLa (race & stock) mAMthI anumAna karI zakAya che; chatAM A anumAna kAMI utarI Avela hatA; temaja temanI lakhANa sarvathA TakI zake nahIM ja, evAM to aneka purApaddhati paNa eka ja prakAranI hAI ema mAna- vAo ane daSTAMte itihAsanA pAne neMdhAyelAM vAne kAraNa rahe che ke teo dharmo paNa eka ja che ke, eka javaMza-je ghaNe lAMbo 35cAlyA (3) sarakhA uparamAM zAka, AzIra ane viTake, traNe eka ja prAna che evI rajuAta karatI hakIkata : vaLI A zAnuM uddabhavasthAna bhinnamAla nagara hatuM temaja A gurjara tarIke gaNAtI evALa, zrImAlanuM udabhavasthAna paNa bhinnamAla nagaranuM hatuM te hakIkata sarakhAvo. eTale sUtra siddhAMtanA niyama pramANe zaka mana ane gujahprana banenAM utpatti sthAna, tathA vasavATanI hakIkata samajAI jaze. (32) kayArane e zaba ja sUcave che ke temaNe rAjya sthApyuM te pUrve (i. sa. pU. nI bIjI sadImAM nahapANanuM rAjya che) A zAka ane guja2 manano vasavATa thai rahyo hato ja. (33) parikanI ane tenA sikApitra 50 ane tene lagatI samanati juo (34) A cinhonA artha zuM thAya che te pu. 2 nI AtimAM sikkAne lagatAM be pIe DayAM che te tapAsI juo. (35) je vaMza lAMbe vakhata yA hoya ane vAraMvAra dharma palaTe jenA rAjavIoe karyuM hoya tenA dawAMtamAM aMdhrapatine zAtavAhana vaMza kahI zakAya. tenuM vRttAMta pAcamA pustakamAM khAvaze. lagabhaga 475 varSamAM te vaMza cAlyo che temAM prathama janadhama,pI vakipama, te bAra jenadhama ane chevaTe vaidika dharma paLAto rahyo hato tevI ja rIte A zaka, AbhI, triya ane pi rAjAomAM paNa banavA pAmyuM che,

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- - - - AbhIra, zaka tathA [ ekAdazama hoya ke TUMkA vakhatamAM khatama thayo hoya chatAM temAM vAraMvAra temano dharma badalAte rahyo che. A saiphUTaka rAjAonI bAbatamAM paNa tema banyuM hoya tema dekhAya che, kemake te vaMzanA Adi purUSomAMnA IzvaradattanA, temaja basa eka varSanA gALAbAda thayelA dharasena, vyAdhrasena vigerenA sikkAo je prApta thayA che te upara lakhAyelA akSare ane ketarAyelAM dhArmika cihno batAvI Ape che ke, Izvaradata I AdinA rAjAo jenadharma pALatA hatA, jyAre dharasena che. vaidikamata pALatA hatA. dharasene sikkAmAM potAne mahArAjendradattaputra paramavaiSNava zrI mahArAja tarIke oLakhAvyo che eTaluM ja nahI paNa pote kotarAvela zilAlekhamAM37 jIta meLavIne tenA utsavamAM teNe azvamedha ujavyAnI noMdha paNa lIdhI che. eTale nirvivAdapaNe kahI zakAya che ke, te tathA tenI pachI AvanArA tenA vaMzajo vedamatAnuyAyI hatA ja. ema mAtra basa varSanA gALAmAM zA kAraNe temane maLyAM haze ke temaNe dharmapalaTa karavAnI (36) ane jaMka vakhata cAlyo hoya chatAM dharma parivartana thayuM hoya tenA draSTAMta tarIke mAryavaMza jue. te mAtra base varSathI ochI mudatamAM khatama thaya che chatAM jena ane baiddhadharma temaNe apanAvyuM hatuM. (37) uparamAM pR. 377zilAlekha naM 45 nI tathA tenI vigatI TI. naM. 20 juo. (38) navuM kiraNa eTale navI ja hakIkta temAM samAyelI che; eTaluM ja nahI paNa vidvAnoe je. satyanI avagaNanA karavAmAM mahattA mAnI che te satya prakAzamAM AvI jAya che ane tethI aneka mAnyatA temane pheravavI paDavAnA prasaMge UbhA tho jaze. (39) ahiMsA dharma pAlana karanAra paNa kSatriya vane bhUlAvI de tevAM temaja AmaryamAM garakAva che jarUriyAta lAgI haze te viSaya ApaNane bahu sparzate te nathI ja. chatAM itihAsamAM eka navuM kiraNa8maLe che; ane jyAre prasaMga Ubho thayA che tyAre jarATakuM mArI levuM te IcchAthI ja ekAda nAne phakare teno lakhI kADhayo che. Akhoye caNavaMza jaina dharmanuyAyI hatA ema jyAre ApaNane koI jAhera kare tyAre te kathana atyAranA yugamAM AzcaryakAraka ja lAgaze. eTaluM ja nahI paNa hasavA jevuM ke gAMDapaNa pUrNa lAgaze; kemake kSatrapa jevI hiMda bahArathI Avela ane AvI parAkramazIla prajA jainadharma jevo ahiMsApradhAna dharma zuM pALatI hoya? te kalpanA ja39 prathama daraje te buddhimAM utare tevI nathI. paNa jyAre ApaNe temanI utpattinAM sthAnano temaja te sthAna sAthe tyAMnI guphAomAM kotarAyelAM ane adyApi majudapaNe jaLavAI rahelAM do1 vALI ghaTanAno mukAbalo karIe chIe, tyAre te ApaNuM Azcarya, hAsya ke sAmAnuM gAMDapaNa vigere sarva ogaLI jAya che, ane uccAravuM ja tevAM kAryo karIne, rAjapATa paNa zobhAvI zake che tenAM uSAMtarUpa A ca9Nane A kSatrapavaMza kahI zakaze. tema A mauryavaMza, zizunAgavaMza, naMdavaMza, gabhIlavaMza, cedivaMza I. I. ghaNAM daSTAMte ApI zakAze. (40) temanuM utpattisthAna madhya eziyAmAM Avela turkastAna che, jyAM merU parvatanuM sthAna tathA Arya prajAnuM mULa sthAna ApaNe ka9pI batAvyuM che. juo upara. (41) madhya eziyAnA tArakaMda, samarakaMda pAsenA pArvatIya pradezamAMnI guphAonI dIvAlo upara AkhI kathAne kathA varNavatAM dazya kotarAyelAM paDayAM che ane tene vidvAne e, jainadharmanA 23 mA tIrthakara zrI pArzvanAthanI jIvana kathAnA banAva tarIke jaNAvyAM che.

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paricheda ]. zaikUTakanA dharma vize rahe che ke, te kadAca satya etihAsika ghaTanA inscription cannot be ascertained heya paNa kharI. chatAMye te sarvene-anumAna ane but it is probably Jain in characters kalpanAnA ja jere UbhAM karelAM sane-khuda lekha karavAno Azaya nakkI thaI zakato nathI. ca9Na ane tene tanuje paNa, pite ja paDAvela se vasA tene hetu jenapAvAno che. eTale ja sikkA-cihnAvaDe jayAre te vAtane prakhara ghoSa- A svadhamI jana kSatrapanA sUbA pade jeDA NAnA ghaMTArave vadhAvI letA dekhAya che tyAre ine Izvaradatta jevA AbhIrapatio, kAma karI temaNe ja svIkArelAM caMdra sUrya (Crescent & rahyA hatA, tathA taka maLatA temanA zeThe eTale te star=Moon & sun) nAM cihnanI peThe te hakI- kSatrapoe dhAraNa karela "mahAkSatrapa' ne katane yAvacaMdradivAkarau satyarDara tarIke aMgI- prakAba aMgIkAra karI pite svataMtra banI beThA kAra karavAne ApaNane paNa harakata kayAMthI ja hatA. uparAMta pitAnA sikkAmAM paNa temaNe Ave? sikkAI purAvA uparAMta A kSatroe tene te ja cihno kotarAvyanuM munAmamAM dhAryuM zilAlekhemAM paNa tevI ja hakIkatamAM ghaNA hatuM; paraMtu te pradeza upara vaidikamatAnayAyI prakAre pAtharI mUkI che, jene mi. resana jevA guptavaMzIo birAjatA thayA, te bAda temanA vidvAne paNa kabUla rAkhyAnuM samajI levuM rahe rAjyakALanI paDatInA samaye temanA sUbA jevA che. tyAM44 temaNe jUnAgaDha zilAlekha naM. 40" dharasena, vyAdhisena Adie. zaikUTaka jainenA tarIke oLakhAtA tathA tenI eka guphAmAMthI prApta vArasadAra teo hevA chatAM, parama vaiSNava mahArAja thayela zilAlekhanI hakIkatanuM varNana karatAM jevuM vaidika dharmanuM birUda apanAvI lIdhuM 47 jaNAvyuM che ke "-The purport of the hatuM, ane te ja vaMzamAM te bAda pAchA basa (42) jainamata pramANe jaMbudvIpanA madhyabiMdu tarIke lekhAtA meruparvatanI sAthe sUrya ane caMdranI gatine saMbaMdha rahevAnuM manAyuM che. ane tethI tene zAzvata sUcaka gaNatA AvyA che. te matamAM sUrya ane caMdrane mahatvanAM pratIka tarIke lekhIne maMgaLa vastu tarIke paNa lakhavAmAM Ave che. (43) ke. . ra. mAM mAtra traNa cAra kSatrapa vaMzI lekhonI vAta lakhI che. te uparAMta bIjA paNa lekhe temanA maLI Ave che. te sarvanA vAMcanathI paNa A hakIktane samarthana karatI hakIkata maLI Ave che. tethI ahIM ghaNA prakAre rAkha meM vAparyo che. vaLI nIcenI TI. naM. 110 juo. (44) jue che. A. ke. prastAvanA pR. 11, upara, jUnAgaDha rUdrasiMha pahelAne lekha naM. 40. (45) cakaNavaMzI kSatrapa jainadharma pALatA hatA tenA eka bIjA purAvAmAM sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti paNa lekhI zakAze. te prazastinA vAMcana-lokala je gerasamanatibhArelo athe karavAmAM Avyo che tethI keTaleka ItihAsa mAryo gayo che, paNa te viSaya ahIM asthAne che. uparanI TI. na. 18 tathA nIcenI TI. naM. 11 sarakhAve. (46) eka bIjI vAta paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnI che ke A kSetrane samaya I. sa. nI pahelI sadInA aMtane che te samaye bhagavAna Isune mata te tAjeta. ramAM ja pragaTa thayo hato, ane te paNa mukhyapaNe yuropa tarapha ja prasarate hate; jyAre hiMdamAM te mAma jaina, vaidika ane bauddha ema mAtra traNa ja dharma hatA. te pachI te rANamAMthI koI eka mata temaNe vadhAvI lIdhe hoya te zuM vAstavika nathI lAgatuM? (47) chatAM temaNe sikkAmAM te potAnA vaDavAoe vAparela caMdrasUryanuM cihna tenA nAnA avazeSa tarIke jALavI rAkhyuM dekhAya che ja,

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396 aDhIsA varSe thayelA temanA ja nasAee peAtAnA pUrvajonA-vaDavAoneA-mULa dharma punaH aMgIkRta karyAM hatA. A pramANe zaka, AbhIra ane trakUTakAnA dhama saMbadhI hakIkata mAluma paDI che. jyAre zAla, zrImALa ane pAravADa nAmanI gurjara prajAnA aMzAtA mULamAMthI ja jyArathI ratnaprabhasUrinA hAthe te dharmane apa sikkA sabaMdhe A pustakamAM lakhavAnA ghRttati mATe TharAvela samaya daramyAna je je rAjAe hiMdanI bhUmi upara pAtAnI sattA calAvI gayA che te sarvenA sikkAne lagatI mAhitI pu. 2 mAM mukhya aMze ApI dIdhI che chatAM je keTalAka rahI gayA jevA lAgyA che te atra ApyA che. zuMgavazanA sikkAo pArakhI kADhyAnu pa'Dita jayasvAlajIe hamAM hamAM jAhera karavA mAMDayuM che . paNa mane te saMbadhI khAtrI na thavAthI tene atre utAryAM nathI. A uparAMta sikkAne lagatI eka khe chUTIchavAI hakIkata jAhera karavA jevI lAgI che te nIce jaNAvuM chuM. temAMnI eka tenA sthAna paratenI che ane khIjI tenA upara lakhAtI lipinA aMgenI che. sthAna paratvenI hakIkata mATe sAmAnya mAnyatA evI che ke je pradezamAMthI jene sikko maLI Ave te pradeza upara tenI sattA jAmI hatI ema gaNI levuM joie, paNa A sUtra barAbara nathI. te ApaNe bhramakanuM vRttAMta lakhata pR. 190 mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe; kemake rAjA minenDaranI rAjasattA bharucanA pradeza upara khIla (1) pu. 2 mAM je samayane lagatuM vana che te pheravavuM paDaro. te mATe viroSa adhikAra Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ekAdazama nAvI lIdhA tyArathI ja cAkhkhI ane dekhItI rIte jainadharmAnuyAyI jAhera thai cUkayA che ja temaja temanA upara hukumata calAvatA jaina rAkhanA hitAhitamAM ja peAtAnI lAgavaga ane sasvanA hissA ApatA dekhAtA rahyA che, eTale temanA vize :kAMptapaNu vizeSa lakhavAnI atra jarUra rahetI nathI. kula sthApita thai nahotI; chatAM tenA maheArAvALA sikkA A bhUmi uparathI maLI AvyA che. A pramANe kema banavA pAmyuM haze ? tenA khulAse tyAMne tyAM ja apAyA che eTale atra te karIne jaNAvavA rahetA nathI. paNa rANIzrI khaLazrIe potAnA pautra gautamIputra zAtakaraNIe kSaharATa ane zakaprajA upara meLavela jItanuM vana, je nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM kAtarAvyu che tenA khulAsA, nahapANunA rAjyavistAramAM lakhavAne isArA ApaNe karyo DAvA chatAM dRSTicUkathI jaNAvavuM rahI gayuM che tA te have khAsa darzAvavA rahe che. tyAMnuM varjuna lakhatI vakhata sudhI gautamIputra zAtakaraNInuM sthAna mArI mAnyatA pramANe zatavahanavazI 26 mA rAjA tarikenu hatu, paNa te pheravIne tene AMka naM. 20 nA TharAvavA paDyo che, jethI tenA samaya tathA anya hakIkata paratve teTalA pramANamAM sudhArA karavA raheze. A gautamIputra zAtakaraNInA sikkA (juo pu. 2, paTa 5 na. 76 ) maLyA che saurASTramAMthI, chatAM te pradeza upara tenI hakumata kadApi thaI ja nahotI. paNa tyAMthI maLI AvavAnA kAraNamAM eTaluM ja banavA pAmyu che, ke je jItanuM vana rANI aMdhavAnI hakIkate pu. 5 mAM te rAnanA vRttAMte juo, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pariccheda ] che te chata hatI. vaLI khaLazrIe nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM kayu teNe saurAbhUmi upara ja meLavI tene tyAM javAnuM eTalA mATe thayuM hatuM ke, te potAnA mitra atipati zakAri vikramAdityanA sahAyaka tarIke balke tenA AdezathI, te saurA nI bhUmi upara laDavA gayA hatA; ane te laDAImAM ja kSaharATAnA ane zakanA kacaradhANa vALA nAMkhyA hatA ( jue rUSabhadatta ane devaNukanA vRttAMte 4. sa. pU. para mAM ). A kAraNathI ja te sikkAmAM gautamIputra ava'tipati banyA na hovA chatAM avaMtinu' cihna che; kemake te sikko avaMtipati zakAri vikramAdityanA che, paNa te jIta meLavavAmAM mukhya bhAga kharI rIte potAnA mitra gautamIputra bhajavela heAvAthI teNe tenA caherA rAjA nahapANunA mhArA upara pADavAnI chUTa ApIra hatI. have lipi saMbaMdhI jaNAvIe chIe. tenA sAmAnya siddhAMta evA che ke, je rAjakartA hAya tenI bhASAnI lipi savaLI bAju upara lakhAya ane je pradezamAM te sikko calAvavAnA hoya te pradezanI prajAmAM khAlAtI bhASA haiAya tenI lipi avaLI bAju upara lakhAya. jema hAlamAM ApaNA hiMdamAM brITIza sarakAranA sikkA pracalita che tema, A niyama jo dhyAnamAM rAkhIzuM tA paradezI prajAmAMnA--yavana ( Greeks ), yAna ( Bactrians ), pArTIansa ke pahAjha, kSadrATa, tathA zaka ( Scythians ) mAMnA kANe kayA pradezA upara hakumata calAvI hatI te saheje vadhu mAhitI (2) A sa` hakIkata pu. 5 mAM dalIlapUrvaka samAvavAmAM Avaro (3) DimeTrIasa janmathI yAna-ekaTrIana che. paNa pAchaLathI vasAhatanA aMge tene hiMdI gaNavA rahe che. jyAre minenDara janmathI kSaharATa che paNa yAna saradAranI nAkarImAM neDAyela hAvAthI tene yAna gaNI zakAya. jyAre Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 397 samajI zakAze. te samajavA mATe uparanI sarve prAmAMthI eka pachI ekanA dAkhaleA ApaNe tapAsIe. prathama yavana-grIka prajA laizuM. kharI rIte grIka prajAmAMnA koIe paNa ( jue pu. 2, saptama pariccheda ) sthAyI sattA hiMdamAM jamAvI hatI ema kahI na zakAya. A kAraNathI temanA sikkA je kAI maLI Ave che. ( kAM aa alekajhAMDaranA ke tenA sUbAonA ja maLI AveH bAkI tenI pachI AvanAra kAinA-temanA nAma mATe jue pR. 145 nuM vaMzavRkSa-maLI Ave nahIM ) tenA upara temanI mAtRbhASAnA-eTale grIka bhASAnA akSarA ja ALekhelA najare paDaze; paNa hiMdanI kASTa bhASAnA akSare dekhAze nahIM. jyAre ceAna prajAmAMnA pahelA traNa cAra rAjAenA-DimeTrIase ja prathama hiMdamAM gAdI karI che: juo uparamAM tenu varNana-sikkA hiMdanI bhUmi upara zeAdhyA paNa jaDaze nahIM: kadAca krAi racokhaDyo dekhAya te tenA khulAsA ema karavA rahe che ke, jayAre teo hiMdamAM luMTakA karavA ke dhanasaMcaya karavA Avela, te samaya daramyAna kayAMka paDI gayA haiAvA joie. paraMtu umeTrIasa ane minenDaranA sikkA moTA jaththAmAM maLI zake, te sikkAo upara, temanI mAtRbhASA je khareAchI hatI tenA akSaro paNa che, tema hiMdunI brAhmI lipinA akSarA paNa che. teja pramANe pArthIansa ane zakatu jANI levuM. temanA vatananI bhASA :pahallI-khare chIne maLatI hAvAthI--te hiMdamAM karela vasAhatane lIdhe tene hiMdI kahevA rahe. athavA jema pAarnsa ane zakanI AgaLa IndoInDo zabda neDAyeluM che tema DimeTrIasa ane minenDarane mATe ApaNe Indo-Bactrians kahI zakze. ( 4 ) hAlamAM je paraziyana lipi che te pAchaLanA koI samaye pracalita thai hAvI oIe, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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398 sika saMbaMdha [ ekAdazama lipi najare paDe che. vaLI samajAya che ke grIka jaNAvavAnI takalevI paDe che. te A pramANe chebhASAnI lipi ane kharajI bhASAnI lipi vacce DimeTrIasa ane minenDaranA vRttAMte jaNAbahu phera nahIM ja hoya; jethI vidvAnoe te te vyuM che ke teo hiMdamAM AvyA tyAre temanI sAthe prajAnA sikkAone-lipinI daSTi samIpa rAkhIne bhUmaka jema AvyA hatA, tema rAjupulane teo bheLaseLa gaNI laI pAtha ane zahenazAhane yena teDI lAvyA heya. have khAtrI maLe che ke, rAjupulane tarIke gaNI lIdhA che. tethI ja yAnane teo lAvyA nahIM ja hoya. haju lAvyA hoya zaka, ane kone pArthIana mAnI lIdhA te gAma-hagAbhAsane lAvyA hoya. kadAca rAju dekhAya che. Ama arasaparasa aneka gumAM vula je hiMdamAM temanI sAthe ja Avyo hoya, paDI javAyuM che. toye kSatraya tarIke te te nathI ja Avyo lAgate; ahIM sikkAne lagatuM mAruM vivecana pUruM paNa teNe minenDaranA bharaNabAda, zuMgavaMzI bhAnuthAya che. have sikakA citranuM varNana ApuM te mitrane harAvIne ja mathurAne deza jItI lIdhe pahelAM eka tadana jUdI ja bInA rajU karavI dekhAya che ane ApabaLe ja mahAkSatrapa banI rahe che. tene sikkA sAthe saMbaMdha che ema te be che. te kAraNathI kSatrapa tarIkenA tenA sikkA kahI na zakAya; paNa te anumAna sikakA upa maLI AvatA nathI. ATale darajaje mahAkSatrapa rathI ja tAravI kADhela hevAthI temAM tene vyakta rAvalane mAnamaratabo bhUmaka karatAM caDhiyAte karavAne have anya sthAna rahyuM na hovAthI atra gaNu paDaze. (5) sthApana karelo A mAre siddhAMta sAce che ke beTe te, sika laIne koI lipivizArada nakkI kare ema mArI vinaMti che. (6) bAkI have pachI A bAbata jyAre chapAthavAne moko Avaze tyAre te mahAkSatrapa rAjupulanA vRttAMte ja tene darzAvavI paDaze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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anukrama aM| ja mArI gaNatrI thI tene FAdAjI samaya. 4 mAthuM jamaNI bApaTa naM. 6T; pari cheda ] vadhu mAhitI pariziSTa 6 je thoDAka sikkAonuM varNana nIce ApavAmAM AvyuM che tene pu. 2 mAM varNavAyelA sikkAnA paricchedanI puravaNuM tarIke lekhavuM rahe che. | sikakA uparanuM anya kayA pustakamAM kone sikako che te mATe anumAna karavA yogya dalIlo 6lekhakee kareluM | tene lagatuM varNana. | | varNana che. tathA te uparathI baMdhAto nirNaya. savaLI bAju-hAthInuM ke hi. I. InDo pArthiane zahenazAha mejhIjhe be jAtanA i. sa. pU. sikkA paDAvyA che. bannemAM hAthInuM che te che ja; 85 thI junuM tathA tenI * paNa ekamAM rAjadaMDa jevo daMDa che, jyAre bIjAmAM rakamAM ghaMTa laTa-Aka. nara vRSabha che. te banne namunA AMka 94 ane 95 mAM J5 maLI kAvela che. raju karyA che. temAM temaNe dhAraNa karelA padanI | noMdha levI ghaTe che. "rAjAdhirAja' zabda pote avaLI- "ragatinagara lagADyo che. eTale ke pite zahenazAhanI barAbarane mahatasa moasa pitAne gaNAve che. temaja irAnanA zahenazAhanA sagaakSare lakhela che paNamAM hovAnuM paNa jaNAve che, jayAre naM. 96 mAM tathA eka jAtano ayase pitAnuM je birUda vAparyuM che te khuda zahenazAhane daMDa che. atalaga saMbaMdhI jana levAnuM sUcana kare che. vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa mATe AMka naM. 96 nuM TIpaNa vAMco. ha5 savaLI bAju-hAthI ke. hi. I. jamaNI bAju tathA akSaro. |paTa nAka avaLI bAju-bagati AnaMrjs mahatasa saghaLuM upara pramANe ja. sAra mogala'nA ane kSare tathA vRSabha| jamaNI bAjunI taraphanA mhoMvALo savaLI bAju-jamaNuM ke, hi. I. A AkatimAM tathA ke. hi. I. paTa naM. 8 i.sa. pU. tarapha rAjA, gheDe-| 1 naM. 49 mAM, bane sikkAne ayasa pahelAnA 30 thI hevAnuM jaNAvyuM che. paNa uparanA mejhajhanA i. sa. 1 A naM. 30 sikkAmAM je "rajatirajasarAjAdhirAja " akSare | sudhInA | che tathA ahIM ayasanA sikkAmAM ane nIce, svAra tarIke. | paTa naM. 7. na. 49 mAM, bane sine

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400 avaLI bAjI-'mad rajasa rajarajasa mahatasa ayasa nAmanA akSare ane eka ubhI mUrti devanI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat sikkA samaye [ ekAdazama naM. 97 nA gAMDeAkAranesanA sikkAmAM maharaja 49 varSanA rajatirasa=mahArAjAdhirAja " akSare| je lakhAyA che "" gALA te jotAM ema samajAya che ke, bAdazAha mAjhIjha irAnanA rAjakuTuMbanA kAMika dUranA-nabIrA haze ane ApaNe tenA vRttAMtamAM te ja pramANe jaNAvyu paNa che. tevI ja rIte ajhIjha pahelAne tathA ajhIlIjhane paNa rAjakuTuMbanAM dUranAM sagAM gaNAvyAM che (kAraNa mATe nIcenuM TIpaNa juo) eTale te mahArAjAdhirAja pada na ja dhAraNa karI zake; paNa inDa|pArthi ansa svataMtra rAjakartA tarIke rAjAdhirAja tarIke bhale pAtAne ALakhAve. jyAre ajhIjha mIjAne ane gAMDAkAranesane khuda rAjakuTuMbanA ja mANasA hAvAnuM TharAvI temaNe ' mahArAjAdhirAja'tuM pada dhAraNa karyAMnu jgAvyuM che. kahevAnI matalaJa e che ke A sikko ayasa pahelAnA nathI paNa ayasa=ajhIjha khIjAne lAge che. "" [ mArUM TIpaNu-ke. hi. iM. mAM pR. 586 thI 592 tu sikkA varNana jue. temAM mejhIjha mATe paTa naM. 8 (AkR. 48) tathA paDha naM. 6 (AkR. 9 tathA 12 ) temaja brITIza myujhIama keTalega sikkA na. 26 ane 8 : ayasa pahelA mATe zrI, myu. OM. sikkAna, 160, 137, 56 ane 187 : ajhIlIjha mATe zrI. myu. keM. sikkA na. 40, 23 tathA 39 temaja ja. rA. e. sA. 1905 pR. 788 citrapaTa naM. 3 : uparanA sarve sikkAmAM A traNe rAjakartA mATe * maharajatirasa ' zabda ja vaparAyA che : jyAre ayasa bIjA mATe ( jI. ke. hi. IM. 5Ta naM. 8, AkR. na. 45, 46 tathA atra varNanamAM TAMkula paTa naM. 8 nI AkR. naM. 49 mAM) mahuraja ratirasa '=mahArAjAdhirAja zabda vAparyA che : eTale ema thayu` ke inDopArthi ansa rAjakartAmAMnA pahelA traNa, rAjakuTuMbanA nakhIrA kharA paNa jarA dUranA sagapaNe thatA hatA. jyAre chellA e ati najIkanA rAjakuTuMbI janA hatA ema samajavu'.] " www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paricheda ] vadhu mAhitI 401 amuka prakAranA naM. 32 97] savaLI bAjI-gheDe-ke.hi. I. paTa. inDe pArthiane pAMcamA zahenazAha ( juo |I. sa. 18 svAra rAjA ja.| |koSTaka pR. 144 tathA pR. 405 ) geDanesana | thI 5 maNI bAju tathA naM. 7 A che. IrAnanA rAjakuTuMbane najIkane sago hevAthI | teNe "mahArAjAdhirAja" nuM pada dhAraNa karyuM che. vacce nizAnI che. | khulAsA mATe AMka 96 mAM mAruM TIpaNa' karIne A avaLI bAju-"mA-| lakhela hakIkata vAMce. rajA rajatirasa trAtara devatrata) kuhA " evA) akSaro che tathA devanI ubhI - kRti che. 98T savaLI bAju-gheDa- ke. hi. I. InDopArthiana zahenazAhanA lisTamAM jaNAvela i. sa. pU. svAra rAjA. |... | pAMca rAjakartAomAMnI ethI vyakti-ajhIjha| 3 thI avaLI bAju-"mara| " bIje-tene sikko che. te paNa uparanA aka naM. | i. sa. vAta (nAnAA naM.4pa 97 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe irAnanA rAjakatA, mahatasa ayasa" zahenazAhane aMgata saMbaMdhI jana dekhAya che. varSane evA akSare che tethI ja teNe paNa "mahArAjAdhirAja'nI padavI gALe tathA amuka grahaNa karI che. sthitimAM ubhelo| eka manuSya che. , 1949 99 | savaLI bAju-jamaNI ke. hi. I akSara uparathI nirvivAdapaNe sAbita thAya che. sa. pU. taraphavALuM rAjA-| | ke te napati minenDarane sikko che. te potAne | nuM mahAre | paTa naM. 7 zuM padathI oLakhAvate have te paNa temAM jaNAvyuM 182 thI avaLI bAju-akSara Akati che. dekhAya che ke teNe paNa be jAtanA sikkA 158 lakhela che te, paDAvyA che jemAM eka prakAra pu. 2 mAM eka "mahAranA trA-| naM. 18 sudhIno naM. 41 mAM raju karyo che, jyAre bIjo atre tAla mitteja'| darzAvyo che. A bIjA prakAramAM je cihna dekhAya ane DAbI bAju che tene aMgrejImAM Athene Promachos hevALuM amuka prakAranuM cihna che. kahevAya che. 10savaLI bAju-rAjAnuM che. hi. I| A ja sikko tenA viziSTa varNana sAthe i. sa. pU. mahera jamaNI tarapha paTa naM. 7, 5. 2 mAM (citrapaTa naM. 1 eka naM. 7-8) J10 thI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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402 sikkA baMdha [ ekAdazama vApIvALA rAja, paTa naM. 8 114 thI 78 avaLI bAju-akSara AkRti | raju karela che. chatAM jyAre A pustakamAM tenuM jIvana | 15 be che "mAhita| vRttAMta Ave che tathA te kSaharATa jAtinakSatrapa che. tyAre cakasa chatrapasa| na. 24 A kSatrapa pitA mATe kevuM birUda dharAvatA, kaI varSane rakuna" ane lipimAM lakhANa karatA, ityAdi jANavAnuM hovAthI gALe AMka naM. 99 nA minenDaranA si. atre pharIne raju karyo che : vaLI temanA birUdanI kAmAM je cihna sarakhAmaNa inDopArthiane zahenazAhanI (AMkana. che te. 94 thI 98 ) ane napatinI (AMka naM. 99) sAthe karI zakAzeH sikko mathurA pati rAjululanekSatrapanA samayane-che. temaja minenDare potAnA sikkAmAM vApareluM cihna che te batAve che ke, te minenDaranA samaye kSatrapapade hato. (juo uparamAM pR. 229 nuM varNana. ). 101savaLI bAju-lazkarI| ke, hi. I.| liakanuM rAjya takSazilAvALA pradezamAM hatuM | . sa. pU. ema sUcave che. mathurAnA siMhastUpanI pratiSThA nuM mahAre jamaNI 5Ta naM. 8 | | vakhate kotarAyelA che aneka nAme te staMbhamAM bAjunuM. AkRti | maLI Ave che temAM A likanuM nAma levAthI avaLI bAju-takSikA tene mathurApati dhArI levAmAM Avyo che. te pramANe pradezanuM cihna ja naM. 4ra te dezane adhipati nahotA ja. (juo uparamAM sudhIne amuka DhagalAbaMdha amuka vastune pR. 236 nuM varNana. ) khaDakale batAve che savaLI bAju-lekhagrIka che. A re. cakaNe potAne kSatrapa dhametikanA putra tarIke i. sa. bhASAmAM sAro oLakhAvyo che eTale pitA-putrane saMbaMdha hato | mahAsarasa / paTa naM. 10 ema spaSTa thayo : bAkI dharmanAM cihnomAM sarya 142 thI motika putra[sa] AkRti | ane caMdra che te yAvacaMdra divAkarInI sthiti . 15ra sUcave che tathA citya che te na dharmanuM ane merU avaLImAM-traNa Ama. iB. parvatanI traNa cUlikA batAvatuM cihna che (juo | sudhIne pu. 2 mAM sikkAnA varNanamAM.) vaLI merUparvatanuM caMdraH 53khe DAbI) sthAna madhya eziyAmAM AvelA turkastAnanA marva bAjumAM caMdra ane | sikko che.. zaheranI AsapAsa je TharAvAyuM che te pradezamAM temanI jamaNI bAjumAM utpatti hatI ema 5NuM sUcave cheH caityanI nIce vAMkI sUrya tathA brAhmI lITI che te avaMtinI kSiprA nadI sUcave che (juo ane kharajI pu. 2 sikkAnA cihnonA arthanI hakIkata.) eTale ke lipinA akSare.' 1.cakaNa te avaMtipatimAM hatuM ema kahevA mAMge che. cetya,tenI upara rUpane

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paricheda ] vadhu mAhitI 403. ane 212 che. 103] savaLI bAju rAjAnuM ke, A. 2. IzvaradattanuM nAma lakhyuM che eTale kone che te | I. sa. maherUM jamaNana. mATe te zaMkA rahetI ja nathI. sUrya caMdra, caitya 21 taraphanuM : grIka ane vAMkI lITI tathA upara caMdra temaja mahA bhASAmAM A AkRti | kSatrapa zabdanuM birUda che; A sarva cihno uparamAM lekha che tathA 479 AMka naM. 102 nA ca9NanA sikkAnI peThe ja che. | mAthAnI pAchaLa eTale sUcave che ke tenA vaMza sAthe saMbaMdha te dharAve che rAjyanA amuka rUpAne varSe ema lakhela che. paNa rAjyanA amuka varSe ema je zabda vAparyA sikako che che te batAve che ke, cakaNathI judA ja vaMzane che : paraMtu pote kayo saMvatasara vApare che te cokkasa avaLI bAju-traNa nathI ja; eTale ke teNe vAparela saMvatasaranI sthApanA AkanuM cetya te samaya bAda karavAmAM AvI che ? paNa ke A ane upara caMdraH re.mAM pR. 124 upara tenuM varNana lakhata Date tathA paDakhe sUrya of reign between the years 158 and caMdranI nizAnI 161 lakhyuM che : jethI lekhake te sAlane AMka, te tathA nIce vAMkI saMvatasaranI Adi 78 mAM thayAnuM gaNIne I. sa. lITI che ane lekhamAM A pramANe 236 thI 239 jaNAvyuM che jyAre te saMvatasaranI akSare che "o Adi 78 mAM nathI paNa 103 mAM . te hisAbe ma hA kSatra pasa Izvaradattano samaya I. sa. 261 ane 264 Avaze. izvaradattasa prathama teNe "rAjyanA prathama varSe" ane ditIya varSe evA sikkA paDAvyA hovAnuM jaNAyuM che eTale tene samaya I. sa. ra61-62 lekha paDaze. 1" taraphanuM. [5Ta naM. 18) I. sa. 104] savaLI bAju-rAjAnuM che. A re| dhArmika citro sUcave che ke te jaina dharmanuyAyI hato. maherU jamaNI | lekhanA akSarothI samajAya che ke, mahArAjA dharasena te mahArAjA IMdradattane putra hato ? ane | AMka naM. | dhArmika cihna batAve che ke te jainadharmanuyAyI hato avaLI bAju-caitya tathA paNa, jyAre pitAne "parama vaibhagava" jaNAve che , uparamAM 835 caMdra ane sUryaT . tyAre teNe bApike jaina dharma badalIne vaidikamata | aMgikAra karyo hato ema sUcave che? vaLI IzvaracaMdra tathA lekhanA akSare. mA- sikko che. dattanAM ja sarva cihno che, eTale tenA vazamAne che jeMdra dattaputra parama ema batAve che. tema teNe kotarAvela zilAlekhamAM vaizNava zrI (juo pR. 377nuM varNana, lekhanaM. 44) potAne ma hA rA jA saiphUTaka lakhela che. tathA tyAM tenA samayanI gaNatrIe ghAna." ! ApaNe i. sa. 456 ne te hevAnuM batAvyuM che.' rUpAne Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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404 vaMzAvaLI [ekAdazama vaMzAvaLI noTa-gata pustakamAM ke AmAM, temaja nIce darzAvelI hakIkatamAM je pheraphAra dekhAya tyAM saMzodhana mAMge che ema samajavuM. maryavaMzanI kharI vaMzAvaLI nAma ma. saM. thI ma. saM. varSa I. sa. pU. thI I. sa. pU. (1) caMdragupta-rAjA 146 155=9o 772 samrATa 155 16=14 I 358 (2) biMdusAra 169 197 ro 158 (3) azokavardhana 197 237 40 289 (4) priyadarzina : " saMprati : UpAlita 291 24 (5) vRSabhasena : subhAgasena 300 227 () puSpadharmana 300 307 (7) devadharmane 307 314 213 (8) zAtadharmana 314 213 211 (9) bRhadrathA 323 211 204 289 227 220 316 316 zugarthAtyA : zugavaMza zuM kRtya puSyamitra senAdhipati mauryanA 301 323 226 204 vAnaprastha 20 339 204 188 323 339 346 339 346 353 204 188 181 188 181 174 (1) agnimitra puSyamitranI haiyAtimAM svataMtra I sAdo samrATa ) kalkirUpe aMtargata vasumitra yuvarAja tarIke (2) odraka baLamitra (3) bhAga : bhAgavata bhAnumitra (4) puliMdika (5) ghoSa 339 346-7 188 181 353 370 174 157. 370 385 157 142 292 142 135 385 392 396 15 131

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pariccheda ] (6) vasumitra (7) devabhUti nAma (a) bekaTrIansa : yAna (1) DimeTrIasa hiMdu bahAra hiMdamAM (2) minenDara (ba) sahAya madhyadeza (1) bhUmaka (2) nahapANu mathurA : surasena (1) rAjukula (2) sADAtra takSilA : dhAra (1) lIka (ra) pAtika : pAlika : (6) pArthIasa, pavAjha (1) mejhIjha (2) ajhIjha pahelA (3) ajhIlIjha (4) ajhIjha khIjo (5) gAMDAkAranesa (3) inDeAsiciansa hiMdI zaka (1) rUSabhadatta (2) devaNuka ma. sa.thI ma. sa. 39 403 403 413 322 335 345 36 413 302 410 372 412 447 452 469 497 54 453 469 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat paradezI prajAnA rAjAe vaMzAvaLI 335=13 345 3}e 413 453 410 452 42 449 452 469 497 54 502 va 469 475 7 213 10 *1# 45 80 85 *1** TI MxxDha - dvA' 4 40 ~* ra 405 i. sa. pU. thI i. sa. pU. 131 124 124 14 205 19ra 182 159 14 155 117 155 115 80 75 58 30 i. sa. 19 74 58 192 - 159 114 74 17 75 pa 78 75 18 3. I. sa. 19 45 * 5 para www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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I. sa. 5, 125 avaMtipatio kSaharAvaMza nahapANa 114-74=40 gadaMbhIla vaMza ) darpaNa : gaMdharvasena 74-64=10 * juo Asana naM. avaMtipatinI nAmAvaLI varSa (4) kSaharATa nahapANa pU. 11474=40, (4) gabhIla : darpaNarAjA 75 74-14=10 4) zahenazAhI karAjAo che 14-57. 4) zakAri vikramAdityathI pAchA gabhIla * vaMza sattA upara I. sa. pU. 57-14=86 50 (2) caNaNane kSatrapa vaMza I. sa. pU. 143-320=177 (1-6) guptavaMzI caMdragupta pahelAthI 310-120=17. 25 (7) huNavaMzanI sattAmAM 490-533=43 te bAda 5ramAravaMzI kSatriya rAjapUta pa33 thI AgaLa I. sa. pU. 114 thI i. sa. pa33 sudhInA varSa 147 zahenazAhI zaka rAjAo (pAMca) 64-577 (2) vikramAditya zakAri vikramAditya akAri vikrama saMvatane sthApaka - 57-I. sa. 3=10 (aMtaragata-zaMku ane rAjA bhartuharI ) (3) mAdhavaditya: mAdhavasena 3-44=41 (4) dharmAditya 44-54=10 je araja (5) vikramacacitra 54-94 50 . | mathurA, paMjAba vigere jItI lIdhA : ane | kAzimaramAM maMtriguptane | sUbe nImyA. (6-7) be rAjAo 94-108=14 ..( temanI pAsethI kuzanavaMzI kaniSka pahelAe uttara hiMda laI lIdhuM. ) bhAIla 108-119 - 2 / che. sa. kazAna vaza (1) kusuluka : kaDakasIjha pahele 31-7=40 " (2) vImA : kaDaksIjha bIjo pAzcAtya kSatrapo 71-10332 Western Kshatrapas mathurA5ti mahArAjAdhirAja (3) kaniSka pahelo 103-1ra64ra3 (1) kSatrapa daSametika 103-120=17 hiMdamAM gAdI karI kuzAna zake sthA , (2) caSaNa avaMtipati () vasiSTha 126-3ra6 kSatrapa120-132=12] 12 mahAkSatrapa 132-143=11 varSa (5) haviSya 13-143=11 rAjA 143-152=9) neka bIjo (3thI) 9 rAjAo ( 143-196=53 152-261-109 jamadAmana, rUdradAmana (7thI 3)vAsudeva Adi sAta Ada-dAmasena sudhI rAjAe ! 196-300=04 (12thI18) 7 rAjAo | gupta vaMza 261-320=59 (1) ghaTaka 300-320=20 avaMtimAMthI caMdragupta pahelAe hAMkI kADhavAthI, (2) caMdragupta(pahelA)avaMtipati svAmi"pada dhAraNa karI 320-330=0. anyatra rAjya karavA mAMDayuM (8) (9) nAila 159-133=4 (10) nAvaDa 133-143=10 ( pAsethI caNe avaMti jItI lIdhuM ) ( anusaMdhyAna mATe jue Asana 1 ) (anusaMdhAna mATe juo khAna )

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adhapatio : rAtavAhana vaMza. (1) pulamAvI bIne 14- (15) kaMdasvAti, mahendrArA-114=7 mathurApatio be bhAie.. inDe pArthiansa (16) (madha) svAti bIjo 154-80434 King of Kings () mojhIjha 85-75=0 (1) kuMtala (rANI baLI) 80-7238 (2) arIjha pahelo hapa-pa8=7 (18) aSTikarNa: raktane 72-48) huM | vikramAditya =24 anusaMdhAna-Asana bIjI (3) ajhIlIjha 58-3 =28 (19) svAtikarNa murgeTa | 48-46 2 ) | cakaNu vaMza (4) ajhIjha bIje I. sa. pU.30 (20) hAla : zAlivAhanai. sa. 19=49 vikramAditya : paTarANI | (1) dAmasena mahAkSatrapa ( lilAvatI urpha malayavatI 248-26=13 | | tathA kavi guNAya) 46-9=55 (5) geDe phAranesa 19-45=16 (21-22-23-24) 9-33=24 matalaka, purisena irAnamAM gAdI gaI suMdara ane cakora juo koSTaka pR.15 (12 thI 17) cha rAjAo (temanA mathurA, paMjAba (25) zivasvAti 33-1ra8 261-71405. Adi prAMto gabhIla rANI subhadrA 1vaMzI vikramacaritre (avaMtimAM bheLavI lIdhA). (18) kyAdAmana 314-3ra0nuM (ra6) gautamiputra zAtakaraNa " vimAditya : (brAhmaNa dharmane ) caMdragupta pahelAe A zaka pravartaka 6183=22 mAMthI hAMkI kADhaya svAmipada dhAraNA (27) pulumAvI trIje 83-11=28 anyatra gAdI karI. (19 thI ra7) svAmi rAjAo (28) vasiSThaputra zAtakaraNa 320-13 111-140=29 anusaMdhAna ( It is video (29) zivazrI H pulumAvI che. - 140-143=3. ( pAsethI caSaNa kSatrape paThaNa laI ! lIdhuM ) jethI rAjagAdI ukSiNe ! tuMgabhadrA nadInA kAMThe laI javI paDI. Dagamaga navesarathI cAra mari ekatrita mukAme che hiii nAM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zaka, Abhira (1) rUSabhadatta 74-58=16 i. sa. pU. 1 (2) devaNaka 58-52=6 eka zAkhA nAsikamAM sthapAi khIjI saurASTramAM ja rahI Taleka kALe) | (zivagupta Abhira ) (1) izvarasena (tritryavaMza) (2) izvaradatta : mahAkSatrapa (svataMtra thai gayA : kSatrapanA sukhApamAMthI) ra61 thI AgaLa 249-261=12 i. sa. 250 (3 thI 10) ATha rAjAe na'. 2 thI 10 sudhInA nava rAjAo maLIne 111-413=15ra 3 TA H ava'ti puti na pahela ) l -375=45 bIe : vikramAditya 375-413=38 Nava zanA tathA trikUTava'zanA ata 3 413-455=42 455-480=25 sattA 480=490= Azare 12 tAramANe avati lai lIdhuM | 490520=30 mehikula 520-533=13 275 rAna ekatrita thayA : rAjapUtAnA nI Abu parvata upara utpatti thai : haprajAnA sAmanA karI, ma'dasera saMgrAma karI chuprajAnuM' nika'ina : i. sa. 13 300 350 ANyA.) 450 400 105 500 parapa 550 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat samayAvaLI che te khatAvavA teneA AMka sAthe ApyA che. : mAlUma paDI che, tyAM vizeSa mAnanIya lAgI te ahIM 4mAM mUkI che. kADhIne geAThavI che te mATe ? AvI nizAnI mUkI che. nAva tathA A pustakamAM tenuM sthAna paniSatkAranA janma 345 zruti Adi graMtha racAyAM 250: vedanI navIna racanA thavAthI huM nAma pheravAI vaidika saMskRti paDayuM. 241 cIna jainatIrtha tarIkenI jAheAjalAlI cAlI AvI hatI. 263 eka jainatIrtha tarIke jaLavAI rahyAnA purAvA itihvAsanAM . / tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha thayA che temanuM nAma takSiNA ane rUpAmAM kAtarAyala che eTale te samaye jainadharmIonA rAja 1 jainadharmanA eka mahAna tIrtha tarIkenuM sthAna hatuM. 281 nI sarve sAmAnya lipi brAhmI hatI. 174 stUpanI prathama sthApanA thaI hAvI joie. 261 ane IrAna tathA ekhIlAna ( hAlanuM meseATamIyA ) vacce tratA hatA. te sarve IrAnI akhAta mAraphata cAlatA hatA. ra98 ane kaMkheja ( gamAyA ) upara gAMdhAra pati rAjA pulusAkInI 1, 174 nI zahenazAhatanI hakumata thaI tyAre brAhmI lipi upara pahalavI thatAM temAMthI kharAonA janma thayA. 175 " saMskRtinA udaya hiMdamAM thayA. 241: hiMdanI samRddhi tathA labhalAnuM mana caLAvI nAMkhe tevI saMpUrNa kaLAe khIlI hatI. UnA aMtamAM jyAre zaka lokonuM eka TALuM siMdhamAMthI utarIne utaryuM tyAre bhinnamAla nagara vasyuM ( hAlanA zireAhI rAjye ane ge) (110) magadhapati rAjA zreNikane maLavA jatAM gAMdhArapati rAjA zu TheTha magadhanI hadamAM pesatAM thayuM. 124 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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aprapati : zata (1) pulumAvI bIje 142 mathurApatie (15) skaMdasvAti, mahendra inDopArthiansa (16) (madha) svAti bIje King of Kings (1) mejhIjha 85-5=10 (17) kuMtala (rANuM baLa (2) ajhIjha pahelo hapa-pa8=17 (18) ariSTa karNa: rakta vaka . (3) ajhIlIjha 58-3 =28 (19) svAtikaNuM : muge. (4) ajhIjha bIje i. sa. pU. 30 (20) hAla : zAlivAhana i. sa. 19=49 vikramAditya : paTara ( lilAvatI uphe ma | | tathA kavi : (5) geDe phAranesa 19-45-16 (21-22-23-ra) - matalaka, puriMdrasena irAnamAM gAdI gaI suMdara ane cAra juo koSTaka pR.15 (temanA mathurA, paMjAba (25) zivasvAti 33-4 Adi prAMta gardabhIla [ rANI subha 3vaMzI vikramacaritra (avaMtimAM bheLavI lIdhA). (26) gautamiputra zAtakara vikramAditya : ( bra zaka pravartaka 618 (27) pulumAvI ne (18) vasiSaputra zAtakaraNa 111 14. (29) ziva ? pulamA pAsethI caNa lIdhuM ) je tuMgabhadrA : javI paDI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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samayAvI samajAtiH-- (1) dareka banAvanuM varNana kayA pAte che te batAvavA teneA AMka sAthe ApyA che. (ra) jyAM ekaja khanAvanI e sAla mAlUma paDI che, tyAM vizeSa mAnanIya lAgI te ahIM jaNAvI che, ane zaMkAzIla lAgI tene kaiAMsamAM mUkI che. (3) jenI sAla mAtra aMdAjI gaNI kADhIne gADhavI che te mATe ? AvI nizAnI mUkI che. anela banAva tathA A pustakamAM tenuM sthAna i. sa. pU. ma. sa. pU. dazamI sadI zrutikAra tathA upaniSatkAraneA janma 345 veda, upaniSad, zruti Adi graMtha racAyAM 250: vedanI navIna racanA thavAthI brAhmaNa saMskRtinuM nAma pheravAI vaidika saMskRti paDyuM. 241 mathurAnI eka prAcIna jainatIrtha tarIkenI jAheAjalAlI cAlI AvI hatI. 263 mathurAnI khyAti, eka jainatIrtha tarIke jaLavAI rahyAnA purAvA itihAsanAM pAte che. 262 rainAnA trevIsamA tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha thayA che temanuM nAma takSiNA ane mANiyAlanA stUpAmAM kAtarAyala che eTale te samaye jainadharmIonA rAjaamala hatA. 281 takSilA nagarInuM, jainadharmanA eka mahAna tIrtha tarIkenuM sthAna hatuM. 281 hiMdanI AryAvartanI sarva sAmAnya lipi brAhmI hatI. 174 mathurAnA vADavA stUpanI prathama sthApanA thai hAvI joie. 261 te agAu hiMda ane IrAna tathA ekhIlAna ( hAlanuM mesaTemIyA) vacce khUkha vepAra cAlatA hatA. te sarve IrAnI akhAta mAraphata cAlatA hatA. 298 AkhA paMjAba ane kaMkhAja ( gojIyA ) upara gAMdhAra pati rAjA pulusAkInI sattA hatI. 271, 174 hiMdu upara IrAnI zahenazAhatanI hakumata thaI tyAre brAhmI lipi upara pahalavI bhASAnI asara thatAM temAMthI khareAchonA janma thayA. 175 navamI sadI A nava sadI sudhI re nava sadImAM navathI eka sadI sudhI AThamI ke sAtamI sadI AThamI sAtamI sadI : sAtamI sadI chaThThI zatAbdi chaThThI sadI pAMca-cha sadI 551 24 khauddha nAme trIjI saMskRtinA udaya hiMdamAM thayA. 241 : hiMdanI samRddhi tathA jAheAjalAlI bhalabhalAnuM mana caLAvI nAMkhe tevI saMpUrNa kaLAe khIlI hatI. 124. chaThThI sadInA aMtamAM jyAre zaka lokonuM eka TALuM siMdhamAMthI utarIne sthAna upara utaryuM tyAre bhinnamAla nagara vasyuM ( hAlanA zireAhI rAjye ane jodhapuranI dakSiNe ) (110) potAnA mitra magadhapati rAjA zreNikane maLavA jatAM gAMdhArapati rAjA pulusAkInuM maraNu TheTha magadhanI hadamAM pesatAM thayuM. 124

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130 para0 505 483 450thI 440 70-80 372 3 455 450 425 400 400 Azare 127 Azare 400 127 cAthI sadI 302 303 363 362 ma. rsa cha ra 44 332-1 70 Gu 102 ma. sa. 127 150 154 155 .164 165 samayAvalI [ prAcIna menajIrAnA khaMDiyA hAla jyAM che te bhAgamAM siMdha-sauvIranI rAjadhAnI vItabhayapaTTana daTAyAnuM nAMdhAyuM che. (125) zrI buddhadevanA janma. 259 hiMduprajAnA rAjanagara tarIke takSilAnuM baMdha thavuM. (271) zizunAgavaMzanA rAjA udayane peAtAnA rAjyanA ceAthA varSe pATaliputra nagaranI sthApanA karI. 101 zrI ratnaprabhasUrie dADheka lAkhane jaina khanAvyA. 386 : bhinnamAla-eziyA nagarInI sthApanA. 386-392 gUrjaraprajAnI utpattine sAceA samaya. 386 (386) eka jainAcArye lAkhA manuSyAne jainadharmI banAvyA. (347) kaliMgapati rAjA khAravelane samaya (286) kAtyAyana vararUcinA samaya. 224 5. cANuAkayanA bApadAdAe hiMdamAM AvI vasyA. 386 eka khIjuM nAnuM zakaprajAnuM TALuM hiMdamAM AvI vasyuM. 386 kAtyAyana vararUcine samaya (227) caMdragupta magadhanA samrATa thayA 25; karliMgapati vakragIvanuM maraNu. 26 DAzImAnA khALa garamAgarama khIra phuMkIne kinArethI pIvAne khale ekadama vaccethI pIvAnA prayatna karyA jethI te dAjhI gayA. 24 kaliMgapati vakragrIva sAthe, caMdragupta ane paM. cANakaye maLI jaI, pelI suvarNa pratimAnA vera levAnA bahAnAtaLe magadhapati navamAnaMda upara caDAI karIne magadha jItI lIdhuM tathA naMdavaMzanA aMta ANyA. 25 sudarzana taLAva baMdhAyAnA aMdAjI samaya. ujainInagarI je naMda pahelAnA rAjye magadha sAmrAjyamAM bhaLI javAthI pATanagara tarIkenuM gaurava gumAvI beThI hatI te rIte jaLahaLavA lAgI. 27. caMdrasa samasta bhAratanA samrATa thayA. 27 358 169 350 177 paM. cANakayanuM maraNa 29; muni caMdraguptanuM avasAna. 30 34 181 335 192 346-485chI 179-81 dakSiNa hiMda magadha sAmrAjyanA eka bhAga tarIke lakhAtA baMdha thayA. 30 AkhA paMjAba prAMtamAM nAnA kSatriya rAjAoe ApasaApasamAM spardhA karavA mAMDI ane khaLavA jagADayA. tene dAkhI devA samrATa biMdusAre yuvarAja suSImane meAkalyA, te vakhate suSIne yaza maLyA. 30 paMjAbamAM karIne ugrapaNe khaLavA jAgyAH biMdusAre yuvarAja sudhImane pAchA mekaklyA paNa A samaye bhaMDArAe dagA karI tene mArI nAMkhyA 31: suSImanA maraNubAda te khaLavA samAvavA ThuMTha pATaliputrathI khIjA krAIma mekalavAne badale, vacce je avaMtino deza hatA tyAMnA sUkhApade rahela kumAra 195-6 biMdusAre rAjyanI lagAma svahaste lIdhI. ra9 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat bAda mahAamAtyapada mahAmaMtrI subaMdhune soMpAyuM. ra9 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] samayAvalI azAkane paMjAbamAM javAnA hukama' apAyA. teNe tyAM jaI majabUta hAthe kAma laI badhuM zAMta karI dIdhuM. 31 khaLavA zAMta thayAnA zubha samAcAra vAMcatAM, harSAvezamAM hiMdusAranA magajanI leAhInI nasa tuTI jatAM tenuM maraNa thayuM. 31 328 199 329 (AsapAsa) 198 paradezI prajAnA jamInaraste vahelAmAM vahelA hiMdamAM praveza thayeA lekhI zakAya. 285 paMjAbamAM khaLavA jAgyAnA samAcAra jANI, hiMda upara caDAI karavAnuM mana thatAM tvarita gatithI alekajhAMDare IrAnamAMthI AgaLa vadhavA mAMDayuM ane hiMdanA pazcima kinArA sudhI AvI pahoMcyA. 31 330 327 325 313 317 310 316 31} 197 200 289 188 202 204 210 210 211 211 316thI 211 thI 304 223 238 239 grIka rAjyanI hada vadhAravAnI mahattvakAMkSA dharAvanAra yuvAna khAdazAha alekajhAMDara dhI greITa hiMdamAM siMdhu nadI sudhI AvI paheAMcyA 126H te vakhate samrATa azAkavardhananA rAjyanA AraMbha thaI cUkayA hatA 38: alekajhAMDare pArasane harAvI satalaja pAse paDAva nAMkhyA tyAM azAka paNa sAmethI AvI paheAMcyA ane jaMga jAmyA. 32 azAkarAjye suvizAkha sakhAne samaya gaNAya. 286 potAnA deza pAchA pharatAM rastAmAM ekhIleAna zaheramAM khAdazAha sikaMdaranuM maraNu thayuM. 127 3 alekajhAMDaranA maraNukhAda, paMjAbamAM rahelA tenA saradArAe hiMdu rAjAomAM ApasaApasamAM avizvAsa upAvI udhADA baLavA jevI sthiti karI nAMkhIH ane rAjA pArasanuM khUna karAvyuM jethI AkhA paMjAbamAM sakhta khaLavA kADhI nIkaLyuM. tyAre azeke tyAM jaI yavaneAnI katla karIne temanA saradAra yuthIDImeAsane gAMsaDA pATalA baMdhAvI hIMdu bahAra nasADI mUkayA 33 : rAjA pArasanuM khUna 33. rAjA pArasanuM khUna tathA yavana pratinidhi yuthIDImeAsanuM hiMdamAMthI nAsI chUTavuM(280) paMjAba upara zekanI hakumatanuM sthira thavuM. (280) eka vakhata magadha sAmrAjyamAMthI gumAvI dIdhela pajAbanA prAMta pAche magadhamAM azAkavarSane bheLavI dIdhe. 33 301 226 290thI250 230thI277 rUSabhadattanA khApadAdAe hiMdamAM AvI vasyA. 386 (386) maurya samrATanA lazkaramAM agnimitra joDAyA. 89 marahuma alekajhAMDaranI gAdI khacAvI pADanAra tenA saradAra selyukase A khAra varSamAM hiMda upara lagabhaga aDhAreka caDAI karI nAMkhI 33. aMte tene azAka sAthe saMdhi karavI paDI. 35 vanapati selyukasa nikaTAre peAtAnI kuMvarIne azAkavere paraNAvI. 177 rAjA subhAgasenanA samaya pUrA thayA ema gaNavuM paDaze. (13) maiArya rAjakuTuMbanA nakhIrAee rAjyanA nAnA nAnA bhAgalA pADI nAMkhavAthI rAjA subhAgasena nabaLeA paDI gaye|. 13

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281 246 276 251 270thI180 296 277 250 277 245 282 237 290 236 291 235 Azare 230 thI 297. thI 322 230 297 samayAvalI [ prAcIna selyukasa nikeTarane putra eMTIokasa pahela-soTara siriyAnI gAdIe Avyo. 147 siriyanapati selyuksa nikeTaranuM maraNa. 147 puSyamitrane janma 54 pataMjalIne samaya (90 varSanuM AyuSya) 73 eMTIokasa pahelAnuM maraNa 147 ane eMTIoksa bIje siriyAne rAjA thI 14 eMTIokasa bIje vyabhicArI hovAthI tenA rAjya baLa thatAM, IrAna ane bekaTrIA svataMtra banI gayA 147 samrATa priyadarzinanA samaye prajAnA meTA samuhe jainadharma mAnya karyuM hatuM. 262 teNe hiMdabahAra dhammamahAmAtrAo mokalyA hatA. 246. bekaTrIA svataMtra thayuM 298: te ja samaye pArthio paNa svataMtra thayuM. 100 bekaTrIAne prathama rAjA DIoDoTasa pahele maraNa pAmyo 147 ane DIoDaTasa bIjo tenI gAdIe AvyuM. 148 mahArAjA priyadarzinanuM maraNa 2 subhAgasenanuM rAjya 15ra. (5) DimeTrIasane janma (18) yuthIDImesanuM rAjya 15ra bekaTrIAnA rAjA DIoDeTasa bIjAnuM khUna 148: khUna karI bekaTrIAnI gAdI yuthIDIese bathAvI pADI 148 dakSiNapati zAtakaraNa bIjAnuM maraNa 10 AMdhrapati zAtakaraNa bIjo avaMti upara caDI AvyoH laDAImAM avaMtipati vRSabhasena marAyo eTale avaMti upara AMdhranI sattA sthApana thaI 74: vRSabhasenanuM maraNa 74: pAchA pharatAM aMdhrapati zAtakaraNInuM pitAnA dezamAM maraNa 74H teNe vRSabhasenane mArI nAMkhI avaMtinI gAdI upara tenAja bhAIne gAdI soMpI ane pitAnA mANasa tarIke puSyamitrane sainyapati nImyo. puSyamitrane rAjA zAtakaraNIe sainyapatinA pada uparathI mahAamAtyapade caDAvatAM, puSyamitranA putra agnimitrane mAryasenApati nImyo. 89 minezvarane janma 152H siriyAnA rAjA enTIokasa trIjAe, bekTrIAnA rAjA yuthIDImasanA putra DimeTrIAsane pitAnI putrI paraNAvI. 148 siriyAmAM eMTIokasa trIjAne amala zarU thayo. 148 zrImALInI utpatti thayAnuM kahI zakAya. 386 DimeTrIsanA pitA yuthI DIse paMjAba jItI lIdhuM. 94 vaLI teNe sAkalane ghero ghAlyo. 99 kAmirapati jAleke potAnA dezamAMthI plene hAMkI kADhayA. 148 205 226 301 226 301 225 312 223 304 trIjI zatAbdi 210 317 209 318 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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204 323 bhAratavarSa ]. samayAvalI 208 319 vasumitrane janma 57 . 207 320 kAzmirapati jAlekanA maraNa bAda tene putra dAmodara gAdIe AvyA. 14 207 320 kAzmirapati jAlaka jeNe kAnyakubaja sudhI rAjya meLavyuM hatuM tenuM maraNa thayuM.14 206 (2) 321 () eMTIokasa dhI greITa (trIjA) gAMdhArapati subhAgasena sAthe saMdhi karI ema vidvAnone mata che. 6 205-3 322-24 rAjA jAlauka? tathA bekaTrIanapati yuthIDIesa maraNa pAmyA 148 205 322 DImeTrIasa bekaTrIAnI gAdIe beThe. 149 agnimitre pitAnA svAmI mArya bahArathane mArI avaMtinI gAdI bAvI pADI 14,66. tyArathI zuMgavaMzanI sthApanA thaI 14,48 mairyavaMzanI samApti thaI. 14 204 323 agnimitra gAdIe beThe.pa6 agnimitre bRhadrathane mAryo. 100. itihAsakAronA kahevA pramANe puSpamitre potAnA svAmi brahadrathanuM khUna karyuM ane pote rAjA bane 76 : rAjyanI kaTokaTa sthiti lAgavAthI lazkarI kavAyata nihALavAnA bahAnA heThaLa agnimitre bRhadrathanuM khUna karyuM 91H 149 yavana saradAra yuthI DIse madhyamikAne ghere ghAlyo. 99H agnimitra lokhaMDI bahuthI vaidikadharmano pracAra karavA mAMDyo. 202 325 bekaTrIanapati rAjA DimeTrIase paMjAbanA zAkala (ziyAlakeTa) zaheramAM gAdI sthApI. 274 trIjI sadI baMdaronI kiMmata tathA te dvArA vepAra karavAnI kaLA te samaye paNa jaNAtI hatI. (214) trIjI sadI pallava jAtine udaya vahelAmAM vahele thayo hovo joIe evuM anumAna 287 bIjI sadI pataMjalIe mahAbhASya racyuM 227. vaDavAstUpanI punasthApanA 261 bIjI sadInA prAraMbhamAM vaDavAstUpane vinAza. 261 199thI97 728thI 330 DimeTrIasanA yona saradAra hiMdamAMthI potAnA deza nAsI gayA. 92 197 370 agnimitra rAjye vasumitre yavanane pAMcAla ane surasenamAMthI hAMkI kADhayA. 100 yavana sAthe hiMduprajAnuM prathama gamakhvAra yuddha. (111) 331 agnimitra vaidabha mAlavikAnI sAthe paraNyo haze. 93 195 332 prathama azvamedha saMpUrNa karyo haze. 93 194 zaz pataMjalI mahAzaya havAnI gaNatrI (227) rAjA rUSabhadattane sattAkALa. 356. 192 335 DimeTrIAsanI sAthe bhUmaka 21 varSanI uMmare hiMdamAM Avyo. (189) 19thI 182030thI 345 DimeTrIasane hiMdanA rAjatvano kALa 151 338 agnimitra rAjya puSpamitre prathama azvamedha karyo. 77 188 puSyamitranuM maraNa 94, 153, 54: kAzmirapati dAmodara pAsethI DimeTIase paMjAba laI lIdhuM. 94. 182 345 bIjA azvamedha samaye azvanAyaka tarIke yuvarAja vasumitra paribhramaNa karavA lAgyopaNa azvanI aTakAyata thatAM, je yuddha thayuM temAM te marAya. (77) vasumitranuM maraNa 22 varSanI uMmare 77: zuMgapati ane yavanapati vacce yuddha. 9 16 33

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samayAvalI [ prAcIna 181 346 rAjA agnimitre bIje azvamedha saMpUrNa karyo (77): pitAnA rAjyAbhiSeka bAda 23 varSo ane svataMtra samrATa tarIke sAta varSa bAda, agnimitre bIje azvamedha karyo cha7; vasumitranuM maraNa 58; rAjA DimeTrIasanuM maraNa 95, 151. rAjA kaTika vizenI paurANika tathA jainagraMthomAM thayelI AgAhI. 5ra : agnimitre bIje azvamedha saMpUrNa karyo tyArathI jenagraMthamAM te kalki tarIke prakhyAta thayo. 55 181-79 346-48 agnimitre pATaliputrane nAza karyo. 101 180 347 pataMjalInuM maraNa (90 varSanI uMmare) 77: rAjA minenDarane samaya cAluM 259. mathurA zaheranI pUrNa jAherajalAlI. 259 175 (pachI turatamAM ja) DimeTrIAsanI jIvanalIlAno aMta Avyo gaNyo che (atyAranI mAnyatA) (70): pataMjalI mahAzayane samaya evuM eka jainagraMthanuM kathana che. 104 353 samrATa agnimitranuM maraNa 99H 55, 155 168-7 769-70 paMjAbanA yavana saradAra helIADorAse, zRMgapati bhAgavata tarapha vaphAdArI batAvavA pitAnA pratinidhi tarIke enTIsIAladAsane mokalyo. 112, 162 367 yonapati yukreTAIjhano rAjasamaya bekaTrIAmAM hatA. 70 159 368 rAjA bhAgavate mathurAnA pradezanI laDAImAM minenDaranuM tathA tenA saradAra hagAma hagAmAsanAM maraNa nIpajAvyAM 182; 231. bhUmake mahAkSatrapa pada dhAraNa karyuM 187: kSaharATa saMvatanI Adi 188 159 368 DimeTrIasanA saradAra minenTaranuM maraNa 232, 161, 300. bekaTrIAnI hiMdIzAkhAno aMta 312. bhAnumitranuM gAdIe AvavuM 163; kAvAyana vaMzI pradhAnone kIrti AraMbha 163 158 369 IMgapati rAjA odraka urphe baLamitranuM maraNa. 110 158-6 369-71 yavane sAthenuM hiMduprajAnuM bIjuM gamakhvAra yuddha. (111) 1157 370 kSaharATa saMvatanI sthApanA. 162 156thI114371thI413 kAnhAyane pradhAnano sattAkALa. 224 156 371 rAjA edrakanuM pazcima raNakSetre maraNa thavAthI, bhAgavate avaMtinA uttaranA kSetre yuddhamAM jhaMpalAvyuM, tyAM kSatrapa rAjulule sAmane karyo ? game te kAraNe khuda minenDarane yuddhamAM utaravuM paDayuM paNa tenuM maraNa nIpajyuM 111: rAjululanI sattAnI zarUAta. 182 155-4 372-73 mahAkSatrapa rAjuvulanA amalanI zarUAta. 232 154thI 50 303-77 AsapAsa; minenDarane keAI muMgavaMzI rAjA sAthe laDAImAM utaravuM paDayuM hatuM. 60 155 37ra mahAkSatrapa lIyakanI sattAnI Adi takSIlAmAM thaI. 237. 150 377 AsapAsa; bekaTrIo upara helIkalsane rAja amala tapAta thayo hate. 300. teja arasAmAM pArthiAnI gAdIe ArasevazI migreDeTasa pahelo gAdIe Avyo. 300 385 zuMgapati bhAnumitranuM maraNa. 190, 117 130 297 nApati helIokarAne amala bekaTrIAmAM cAlatA hatA. 70 142 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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: bhAratavarSa ] 123 120 117 403 307 410 115 412 114 413 417 110 pahelI sadI samayAvalI bekaTrIAnI mULazAkhAno aMta, (12) keTalAkanI gaNatrIe mejhIjhanA rAjakIya jIvananI zarUAta. 307 mahAkSatrapa rAjupulane putra DAsa mahAkSatrapa banI mathurAnI gAdIe Avyo 234 : teja varSamAM teNe AhIne AyAgapaTa karAvyuM. 235. kSaharATa saMvata 4ramAM mahAkSatrapa rAjupulanuM maraNa 233 : mahAkSatrapa bhUmakanA pratinidhi tarIke tene putra kSatrapa nahapANa mathurAmAM rAjupulanA mahemAna tarIke Avyo tathA taliApati mahAkSatrapa lIka paNa pitAnA putra pAtikane laIne mahemAna tarIke Avyo 233: mathurAnA sihastUpanI pratiSThA tathA uparanA saradAranI hAjarI. 239 mojhIjhane pArziyana zahenazAhanA kSatrapa tarIkeno rasattAkALa. 307 pAtika-pAlikanI mahAkSatrapa tarIkenI zarUAta. 237-240 zuMgavaMzanI samApti thaI 114 : zuMgavaMzanA chellA rAjAne mArI nahapaNa avaMti pati thaye 187, 195, 197, 201 : nahapANa "rAjA" kahevarAvavA lAgyo tathA te pramANe pitAnA nAmanA sikkA kADhayA 202. nahapANa mahAkSatrapa thayo. (234) rAjululanI paTarANIe vaeNDavAstUpanI punaHsthApanA karI. 261 harSapura nAmanuM mahAsamRddhivALuM nagara vidyamAna hatuM. vartamAnakALe tenuM sthAna ajamera tathA puSkaracha sarovaravALuM gaNI zakAya. 192. hAlanA ca9Navezane zAhavaMzI tarIke oLakhavA mAMDayo hato. 334 dakSiNanA AbhIronI utpatti 389H jemAMthI AgaLa jatAM Izvarasena ane Izvaradatta thayA hatA. tethIye AgaLa vaikUTakavaMza uddabhavyo hato. pioravADanI utpatti. 387 migreDeTasa pahelAe hiMda upara jIta meLavI kahevAya (302) mojhIjhanI hiMdanA bhUpati tarIkenI zarUAta (mArI samaja pramANe 80 ke 78 Ave che ) 307: rAjA migreDeTasanuM maraNa 314, 316. miDeTasa dhI greITa-bIjAnuM maraNa. 325 mahAkSatrapa pAtika takSilAnI gAdIethI utarI gayo 261. te samaye takSilAmAM jainadharma moTA samuhane mAnya hatA. 262 pAtika jyAre mathurAmAM hatuM tyAre tenI gerahAjarIno lAbha laImojhI zilA laI lIdhuM ane pote gAdIe beThe 316 : jhIjhe surasena prAMta chatI mathurAmAM gAdI karI. 317. ajhIjhanA rAjyanI zarUAta 322 : mahAkSatrapa pAtike mathurAnI yAtrA karI 239. zahenazAha mojhIjhe takSilA bathAvI pADayuM 239. mahAkSatrapa pAtikanA rAjyano aMta 240: uttarahiMdanA be jabarajasta kSaharATa rAye (eka mayurAnuM ane bIjuM takSilAnuM) adazya thayAM. 318 mejhIjhanA saMvatasaranI AnumAnika kalpanA. (24) hiMdanA zahenazAha tarIke mojhIjhanA rAjaamalanI zarUAta (9) (ke. hi. I. AdhAre) 100 4ra7 100 Azare 45 438 448 449 78 75 448 452 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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471 samayAvalI [ prAcIna 52 sithiae siMdhu nadIne duAba lIdhe zaka prajAne udaya. 321. zahenazAha jhIjhane hiMdanI bhUmi upara dekhAva kara2H rUSabhadattanA vaMzanI sthApanA 361. DisanA rAjyane aMta. 235 453 mahAkSatrapa nahapAnuM avaMtinuM rAjya, je te samaye sarva prakAre caDiyAtuM gaNAtuM hatuM te paNa kALanA moMmAM jhaDapAI gayuM 319: avaMtipati nahapANanuM maraNa. 322 197, 235 455 zahenazAha mejhIjhanuM rAjya khatama thayuM. 242 457 Azare; ozavALe ane zrImALe rAjapUtAnAmAMthI saurASTramAM karela utAra. 387 471 kharI zakaprajAne (zahenazAhI prajAno) IrAnI akhAta dvArA sArAmAM thayela utAra. 463 388. gardabhIla rAjAne avaMtinI gAdI khAlI karavI paDI. 370 avaMti pati gardabhIlanuM maraNa 322 : gardabhIla hAryo. 365 dariyAsta paradezI prajAne hiMdamAM prathama praveza. 286 498 ajhIjhanA rAjya amalanI zarUAta (301) (ke. hi. I. AdhAre) ajhIjhanuM pahelAnuM maraNa 325ajhIlIjha gAdIe Avyo tathA miDeTanuM maraNa. 325 reDasa IrAnanI gAdIe beTha. 325 para 475 rUSabhadattanA zAhIvaMzano aMta. 361 zakAri vikramAdityanI nigebAnI nIce gautamIputra zAtakaraNIe zaka ane kSaharATa prajAne saurASTranI bhUmi upara harAvIne kaccaraghANa kADhI nAMkhyo. 372. rAjA devaNanuM maraNa sAthe sAthe zAhIvaMzane aMta. 372 ajhIlIjhanuM maraNa 325H ajhIjha bIjAnA rAjyanI zarUAta. 328. mathurAnA siMhastUpanuM nirmANa (ke. hiM. I. nA matAnusAra) 255 jainAcArya svAmInuM svargagamana. (20) . sa. ra1 548 zahenazAha gaphAranesane prIstI dIkSA apAyAnuM manAyuM che. (38) 567 gaDephAranesanuM maraNa. (329) zakasaMvatasanaM pravartaka gautamIputra. 369 78 ? gautamIputra zAtakaraNIe rUSabhadatta tathA nahapAnA jJAtijanone yuddhamAM kApI nAMkhyA. (23) 204 157 Da. byularanA mate vaDavAstUpa-mathurAsiMhastUpane samaya. ra60 222 cakaNavaMzanI paDatI. 326 249 IzvaradattanA samayanI ka95nA. (355) 249thI 11 Izvarasena AbhIrane rAjyakALa. 383 261thI64 ane AgaLa Izvaradatta AbhIrane samaya 383. 455 dharasena saiphUTaka gAdIe Avyo. 384. che. 500

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bhAratavarSa) samayAvalI 533 Yeo KNa saradAra taramANane samaya. 39 kalathIpa33 taramANa ane mihiralano rAjaamala. 389 493 vaTavaMzanI cAtI kaLA cALe jatI hatI. 384, rAjapUtonA cAra mulAnI utpatti (30) madasara mukAme huNonuM ane rAjapUtonuM bhISaNa yuddha 39 mAlava saMvatsaranI sthApanA. 31 i. sa. nI chaThThI sadI pAzcAtya vidvAnonA mate gUrjara prajAnI utpatti (35) AThamI sadI sudhI dakSiNadezanAM palavAjha kSatriyo jainadhamAM hatA te bAda varSamAM thayA che. ra9 AThamI sadI prakhyAta sAhityakAra vAkapatirAjano samaya tenuM vatana gopadezanI lakSaNAvatInagarI) gAliyarapati yodharmana rAkhe. ghara aMtidUtraTo samaya. 355 bAramI sadI gUrjarapati rAjANadevano lagAsaMbaMdha kadabavaMzI rAjanyA mInaLadevI sAthe joDAyo (ra92) kadabavaMzI rAjAo te samaye jainadharmo hatA. 1pa02 vADAgAmAnI kAlIkaTa upara caDAI 157 5. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vi Sa ze dhI kADhavA nI cAvI tenI samaja -je AMka lakhyA che te pRi sUcaka che. kesamAM je AMka lakhyA che te pUcho uparanuM TIkAnuM lakhANa che ema samajavuM. AkhA pustakamAM je vizeSa rasaprada viSaye lAgyA tenI ja dha ahIM lIdhI che. bAkI keTalIka mAhitI "zuM ane kayAM" jevAthI paNa maLI zake tema che. ahIM batAvelA viSayanA traNa vibhAga pADayA che: () vidyAjJAnane sparze tevA sarva sAmAnya viSayone (mA) sAmAnya jJAna saMbaMdhI () mukhyabhAge jainadharmane lAge tevA; joke A vibhAga te mAtra rekhAdarzana jevA ja che te sarvanI vacce maryAdAnI lITI derI zakAya tevI sthiti nathI ja. () vidyAne lagatA sarva sAmAnya viSayo agnimitre vaidabha-mAlavikA sAthe kareluM lagna. 91 (91) aMdhrapatiene rAjagAdI varaMguLamAM laI javI paDI hatI. 370 ajhIjha pahele bahu parAkramI nahetA tenA traNa purAvA 370, 371 (31), 322 ajhIjha pahelAnA samayane nirNaya. 320 ati upara caDAI laI javAne nahapANane maLelI sAnukULatAnAM kAraNo. 201-2 agnimitre gAdIe AvIne rAjyane saMgIna karavA bharelAM pagalAM. 91 agnimitre potAnA svAminuM khUna karyuM te vakhatanA saMge. 91, 14 agnimitre karelA azvamedhanI saMkhyA ane samaya. 93, 94, 95 tathA TIkAo. alekajhAMDare hiMda upara karelI caDAIne hevAla, kAraNa tathA ji. 126-7 be azvamedha (zAtakaraNI bIjAe karela)nuM varNana. 12 athaeNzAstranI racanA babe hajAra varSa cyAM chatAM jemanI tema jaLavAI rahI che tenAM kAraNa. 27 azaka ane siriyanapatinI vaccenI saMdhI ane sara. 33 azoka ane priyadarzina bhinna che te mATe temanA sattA pradezanA mApanI upayogItA 34 (tathA anya purAvA mATe pu. 2 pR. 285 TI. naM. 30 juo) azokanA rAjyavistArane aMge te sarvazreSTha hiMdI bhUpati gaNI zakAya ke? 32, 35 azoka pachI hiMdamAMthI bauddhadharmanuM adazya thavuM (244). AbhIra (mahArASTrIya)nAM mULa avazeSa. 372 AbhIra-AhiranuM zakaprajA sAthenuM joDANa tathA saraNa. 355 AkramaNa laI javAmAM tenA kartAnI zuM murAda hoya che tenuM varNana. 3thI 41 Arya ane yavane vacce thayelA yuddhanuM vAyupurANanuM varNana tathA samaya. 92 (92)thI AgaLa, (11) AMdhrabhUtyAH zabdanA arthane bheda 74 (74): zuMgabhUtyAnI sAthe sarakhAmaNI. (75) AryaprajAnuM mULa madhya eziAmAM hatuM. 21 AMdhrabhUtyAnI utpatti vize eka lekhakane bhrama. (355)

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cAvI bhAratavarSa ] Izvarasena AbhIra, ane izvaradatta mahAkSatrapanuM keTaluMka vRttAMta. 375thI AgaLa Izvarasena ane rUSabhadattanI kALagaNanA eka ja prakAranI che (376) IzvaradattanA ane caRNanA sikkAnuM maLatApaNuM tathA taphAvata. 379, 380, 338 (338) izvaradatta AbhIra saMbaMdhI DA. bhagavAnalAle karelI be sUcanAe 381 inDApAansa ane InDAsithiansanAM sAbhyAsAmyapaNAnI samajUti 333-343 inTareganama samayanA dRSTAMte 343 (34) IrAna uparanI rAjasattAnA thayelA hAMzbadalA. 298 IrAnanI mULa gAdImAMthI paDela phAMTA 302-307 InDopAthIansa ane InDAsIthIansa IrAnamAMthI chUTAM paDayAM tenI hakIkata. 302-3, 308 (308) IrAne je sattA paMjAba ane siMdha upara meLavI te krAnA samaye ? (124-5) iMdrapAlita ane baMdhupAlitanI carcA. 55 izvaradatta nAmanA e purUSA thayA che temanI ApelI samaja, (356) kATilya eTale kapaTane bhaMDAra evuM cANAkayanuM upanAma devAyuM che tenI banAvI ApelI ayeAgyatA (26) kumAra kuNAlane azekavardhane takSilAnA sUme nImyA hatA ke ? 170 kuzAnavaMzanI sattA kAzmiramAM thai che te dAmeAdara pachI turata ja ke kuzAnavaMza ane dAmeAdara vaccenA sagapaNanI lIdhela tapAsa. 21 AMtarA paDayA che. ? 20-21 dI. khA. kezavalAla harSadabhAI dhruve vAyupurANunA kathananuM kareluM saMzAdhana 115 (115) kAnyAyanavaMza rAjapade ke mahAamAtyapade ? 115 veTA zaheranA bhUkaMpane lIdhe thayela vinAza. 275 kalari-cedi ane AbhIra saMvata; ekaja ke bhinna bhinna ? (378) (382) kAzmiramAM aDDo jamAvI paDela, mlecchAnuM varNana 19 thI AgaLa kSaharaSTa nAma prajAnuM cheke gotranuM? 218 (218) kSaharATa saMvata vapArAyAnuM dRSTAMta (jIe pAtika zabde tAmrapatra: nahapANa zabde zilAlekhA ) 11 kSahurAya prajAnAM vasatIsthAna tathA bhASA vizenI samaja. 174, 175, 144 kSaharATa ane zaka vaccene taphAvata. 174 kSaharATa prajA parAkramI heAvA chatAM kAie mahArAjA ke zahenazAhane IlkAba dhAraNa karyA nathI tenuM kAraNa, 178 kSatrapanA hAddo je je prajAmAM astitva dharAve che tenAM nAma tathA kAraNa. (181) kSaharATa saMvatanI sthApanAne samaya 187thI 89 kSaharA zAMtipriyatA ane nirabhimAnapUrNa sevatA tenAM kAraNa. 191, 234, 240 kSaharATa praznanA dharmaprema ane bhakti mApavAnA banAvA. (234) kSahurASTra prajAnI sujanatAnuM varNana. 234: temanI saMskRtinI vicAraNAnA muddAe|. 236 kSaharATa sAmrAjyanA traNe rAjyA eka samaye adRzya thayAnAM kAraNa, 240, 318 kSaharATa, caNu ane AbhIra saMvatamAMnA sAmAnya aMzeAnI noMdha. (378) khAravela, zrImukha, puSyamitra ane mitenDara : A cArene vidrAnAe samakAlIna gaNAvyA che tenI satyAsatyatAno ghaTasphATa 66thI 7ra sudhI.

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12 cAvI [prAcIna khareNI bhASAnA vikAsane itihAsa. 176-7 grIka ane pahaldI bhASAnA keTalAka zabdonI sarakhAmaNI. (297) getamIputra zAtakaraNanI dAdImAe kotarAvela zilAlekhanI mahattA. 202thI 3 tathA TIkAo. geDaphAranesane isAdharma sAtheno saMbaMdha. 319 gautamIputra zAtakaraNI (rANI baLIne patra)ne samaya I. sa. 78 gaNAya che te pheravavAnAM kAraNa 369 (372) : tene zaka pravartaka mAnavAnI bhramaNA (juo zaka zabda ) teNe nahapANanA sikkA upara potAnuM mAruM paDAvyuM che te bAbatanA khulAsA. 372 gardabhIlavaMzanA AdipurUSane ane rUSabhadattane aMTasa baMdhAvavAnuM kAraNa. 370 gherAo (sAkala tathA mAdhyamikAnA) tathA zuMgavaMzIoe karela azvamedha yajJa te be vizenI gerasamajUti tathA tenA khulAsA. 99-100 tathA TIkAo. cAlukya rAjapUtane agnikuliyAmAM na lekhavAnAM kAraNa. 391 (391). cInAI divAlanA nirmANa sAthe priyadarzinanA jIvanane saMbaMdha. 36 cANakya ane megethenIjha samakAlIna na hovA vize eka vidvAnanI zaMkA karathI 44 (eTale ja sekaTasa te caMdragupta nahIM.). caMdraguptane cANakya je "vRSala" kahIne saMbodhyo che tenA kAraNanI tapAsa (4) (25) 27 caMdragupate potAnA rAjyanuM maMgaLAcaraNa magadhanI dakSiNe ja karyuM tenuM kAraNuM. 24-25 camatkAra tarIke lekhAtA banAva vijJAnathI satya puravAra thayAnAM dRSTAMta. 293 caSaNa saMvatanI Adi vidvAnoe I. sa. 78mAM lekhI che temAM kara joI pheraphAra (379) (381) caENu saMvatamAM kALagaNanAnI rIta. (378) chatrapa zabdanI vyutpatti pramANe thatA arthanI samajUti. (178) jAka kAzmirapatie kAnyakuja sudhI mulaka jItI lIdhAnI beMdha. 276 DimeTIasa pratyenI helIkalsane vaphAdArIne namune. (151) DimeTIasa ane zRMgo vacce siMdhukAMThe thayela yuddhanuM sthAna. 95, 151 DimeTrIasa hiMdamAM AvatAM keTalAka saradAronI karela AyAta. 177 (177) tathA te dareke bhajavelo hisse. DimeTrIase sAkala-ziyAlakoTamAM rAjagAdI karI tenuM kAraNa? 274 DimeTrIase "ye durva parityajya akvaMparisaMvate 'vALI uktinuM kareluM pAlana ane tethI bacAvI lIdhela pitAnI asahya thatI paristhiti. 150 takSilApati lIaka ane pAtikanAM saMkSipta vRttAMta. 23thI 241 takSilA tAmrapaTamAM kotarAvela 78nA AMkanI carcA. 238thI AgaLa takSilA upara tenA paradezI rAjakartAonA kArabhArathI thaelI asara. 271 trirami parvatanuM sthAna tathA Izvaradatta-Izvarasena AbhIrane te sAthe saMbaMdha. 377 aiTika saMvatane zilAlekhomAM thayela ullekha. 377 ceTaka saMvatanI kALagaNanA ane AbhIra saMvata vacceno taphAvata. (377) vaikaTaka nAma paDavAnAM kAraNanI tapAsa. (378) trikUTaka saMvatanI sthApanA I. 249mAM thaI hatI. 381 (383) trika saMvatanA sthApakanI oLakha. 382

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= bhAratavarSa] cAvI tirayAra pallavIjhanI prAcInatA vizenI carcA. 287thI AgaLa devaNukane be pakSa-avaMti ane aMdhrapati-sAthe vera baMdhAyAnAM kAraNa. 371 nIti anIti ke hRdayane avAja: tevA mudAo rAjakAraNamAM vicArAya ke? 318 nahapANe "rAjA padathI paDAvelA sikkA 195 nahapANanAM vividha nAma tathA tene dhAraNa karyAne samaya. 195 (197) nahapANanI umara tathA samaya 197-8 : tenA uttarajIvana vize eka graMthakAranuM kathana. (199) 200 nahapAnA kuTuMbanI pichAna. 198-9 tathA TIkAo nahapANanA amAtya amaye zilAlekhamAM ketarAvela 76-46nuM vivecana. 200 nahapANa zaktizALI chatAM, mathurA ke takSilA pratye mITa sarakhI karI nathI tenuM kAraNa, ra05- 6 nahapANanA pATanagaranA sthAnanI carcA. 206-8 nahapANanA be prakAranA sikkAnI samaja tathA vivecana. 08-10 nahapANa tathA cakaNanI nIti vize vivAda. 217thI rarara nahapAne ke cakaNane zAhI tarIke saMbodhAya ke? 219 (219) 220 navIna mAryo-vakhAra mArya-nI AyAta tathA samaya 28 pahavAjhanuM hiMda sAthe rAjakIya saMdhANa 297 pazcima dizAethI hiMdamAM praveza karavAnA mArgonuM varNana 310 paradezI prajAmAM sauthI prathama kSatrapadvArA calAvela rAjavahIvaTa koNe 110 pataMjalInA samayanI carcA 73 pataMjalIe karelA yonI saMkhyA tathA tavArIkha 76-77 pAtinA zilAlekhanI vicAraNA 321 pAthaAnI be zAkhA-hiMdI ane IrAnI-ne joDANanI maMtraNA 325 pArthiansanI khAsiyato, tathA bIjI prajA sAthenI sarakhAmaNI 298 pArada ane cena rAjya grIkamAMthI chuTAM paDayAM tenI bhinnatA; 299, (299) pArthioe ravataMtratA meLavyA bAda teno thayela vikAsa 301 pArthiannee hiMdamAM praveza karyAne mArga 310-17 pAzcAtya vidvAnone potAnA kadAgrahane pakaDI rAkhavA ane satya TharAvavA keTakeTalAM phAMphAM mAravA paDyAM che tene kAMIka citAra 310-thI 313 tathA TIkAo puSyamitra, zrImukha ane khAravelane samasamayI mAnavAthI vidvAnoe bhAratIya ItihAsane vikRti ApI dIdhAne eka daSTAMta (136). puSyamitra ane vasumitranI zuMgavaMzI rAjAmAM gaNanA karAya che ? 59 puSyamitra (guMgabhUtya)nI oLakha ane jIvana vRttAMta 64 puSyamitra, pataMjalI ane zAtakaraNI bIjeH A traNenA janmapradeza eka hovAthI temanI vacce jAmelI maitrI 65-73 pataMjalInA AdezathI, agnimitranA hAthe vartAlA jeno uparanA trAsanuM varNana 79-80 puSyamitra-agnimitranI dharmanItithI paradezIone maLeluM AkarSaNa 14 pahulavAjha ane pallAvAjhanA bhedanI samajaNa 284 thI AgaLa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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14 cAvI [ prAcIna paradezI prajAe hiMdamAM karelA pravezanI carcA 285 pallava patione hiMdanA pUrvakinArA sAthe rAjakIya saMbaMdha (281) 291 palava patione magadhapati sAthe sagapaNa saMbaMdha (29) 291 pAradiyana ane grIkane Arya gaNAya che ? temaja sagotrIya kahevAya ke ? 295 thI AgaLa tathA TIkAo pArasa-pArasakula dezane lagatI samaja (295) puSyamitranI deravaNImAM rahIne vasumitre mane khavaDAvelI hAra. 149 priyadarzinanI tela pradeza pratyenI rAjanIti H temAM DahApaNuM hatuM ke nabaLAIH 36 paradezIone hiMdamAM AvavAne be taka maLI hatI tenuM varNana. 41 pATaliputranuM sthAna gaMgA ane zoNa nadInA saMgama upara hovAthI tene zekavuM paDeluM saMkaTa 85 tathA (sarakhAve pu. 1 pahelA naMdanuM varNana pR. 330 upara). pATaliputranA vinAzanuM kAraNa 85, (85) 100 puSyamitra keTalIye sthitinuM nirmAtA na hovA chatAM tenuM nAma te mATe kema gavAyuM che. tenAM kAraNa tathA daSTAMta 99 thI AgaLa puSyamitra minenDara tathA DimeTrIAsane hiMdanI bhUmi upara khela khelatA varNavyA che te mata keTale darajaje vAstavika che tenI carcA 153 paiThaNanagarI choDIne aMdhrapatione varaMguLamAM javAnI pahelI pharaja 202 paradezI humalAnI (hiMda uparanA) saMkhyA tathA kyA humalAmAM te paradezInA hAthamAM gayo ? 126-27 paradezI AkramaNakAro pAMcanI saMkhyAmAM temano TUMka hevAla (nAma tathA deza paratve) 127-: 143-4 pArthiAnA sUbAoe hiMda upara meLavele pakaDa, ane dhAraNa karela mahArAjAdhirAjane IlakAba prAcIna samayanA sikI' pradezamAM vartamAnakALanI kaI bhUmine samAveza thAya che 140 bekIA chUTuM paDatAM tene thayela rAjadvArI vikAsa 300-1 biMdusAranuM maraNa nIpajyuM te vakhatanA saMjogonuM varNana 31 biMdusAranA amalamAM, pUrvAddha ane uttarArdhanA magadha sAmrAjyanA rAjya vistAramAM paDela pharaka tathA tenuM kAraNa 30 brAhmI ane kharAchIno bheda samajavAno koThe 175 bhAnumitra ane bhAga-kAzIputra te bane ekaja ke bhinna bhinna ? 19 (112) bhUmaka mahAkSatrapane zakane badale kSaharATa TharAvavAnAM kAraNa (9) bhUmaka nahapANu ane rUSabhadattanI jAti tathA sagapaNa viSe lIdhelI tapAsa 183 thI 186 bhUmaka (kSatrapa tathA mahAkSatrapa tarIke) nA rAjaamalano samaya 188 maka hiMdamAM Avyo tyAre tenI umara (189) bhUmakanA rAjapATanI carcA tathA tenAM batAvela cAreka sthAne 191 mojhIjhane paMjAba ane surasena prAMte kevA saMjogamAM prApta thayA tenI carcA 317 minenDarane kSatrapa enTIrIAvADAsa vize kaIka ra36, 162, 182 minenDare khelelAM aneka yuddhanuM varNana 153 thI AgaLa 110-1 mineDaranA saMskRtimaya jIvanane khyAla 157

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15 bhAratavarSa ]. cAvI minenTaranA janmasthAnanI carcA 15ra (vambA) meriyAranA (navA) tathA junA maryonA Agamanano itihAsa 289 (289) mirenDarane dharma brAddha hovAnI pro. rIjha DevIjhanI mAnyatA (244) te upara paDatI zaMkA (244): zuM te jainadharma tarapha DhaLatA valaNano hato ke? (259) mAryanI be zAkhAnAM nAma; temAMnI eka karinI zAkhAnuM vRttAMta 19 thI AgaLa mejhIjhane prathama sUbAgIrI ApavAmAM samAyelI nema 305 mejhIjhane IrAnanA zAhIvaTuMba sAthe saMbaMdha chevAnI kalpanAnA purAvA 306 (306) 314 jhIjhe rAjakIya kSetre jhaMpalAvyuM tenA samayanI carcA 3 7 mejhIjhe tathA tenA anugAmIe IrAnanI gAdI sAthe banAvelI vaphAdArI 314-16 majhI judA judA IlakAba dhANu karyA che tene rAjhada ItihAsa 315 mejhI hiMda upara rAjasattA sthApI tene saMkSipta hevAla 314 thI 18 maMtrIgusa (kAzmira upara nimAyalA) sUbA saMbaMdhI vicAraNA 327 na prajAne hiMdamAM temaja bekaTrIAmAM eka vakhate Avela rAjakAraNamAne aMta 112 yucI saradAra kujula kaDaphasIjha ane gAMDopharanesanI vacce jharelI cakamaka 329 yuvarAja vasumitranI yuddha kauzalyatAnuM keTaluMka varNana. 154 rAjyajaptinI, athavA te khaMDiyA banAvavAnI paddhati; bemAM kaI sArI tathA tenA phAyadA geraphAyadA 41 rAjululanuM janma sthAnaH tyAMthI tene hiMdamAM kema ane kyAre AvavuM paDayuM tenuM vRttAMta 229 rUSabhadatte pitAnA saurASTramAM zakaprajAne cAra mAsa sthiratA karI javAne ApelI sagavaDa 371 rAjululanI jAti tathA kuTuMbanI oLakha 229 rAjulula te kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapaH tenA ane minenDaranA saMbaMdhano vivAda 231 lATadeza upara jIta meLavanAra koNa? minenDara, bUmaka ke nahapANa? 191 vikramAdityanA tathA harSavardhananA saMvatanI ekatAnatAnuM kAraNa. (335) vAkyatirAjanuM (I. sa. 8 sadI) ane pataMjalInuM sthAna gaDadezaH te deza eka ja ke bhinna? 2 vasumitra, sumitra ane suiH eka ke bhinna bhinna? 103 vasumitranA kuTuMbanAM nAma tathA oLakha. 109 (113) vallabhIvaMza (athavA maitrakavaMza)nI sthApanAno itihAsa. 389 vaiSNava ane vaiznava zabdanA taphAvatanuM rahasya. (86) vasumitrane phasAvavA yonapatie bIchAvelI jALa. 94 vasumitranuM jIvanavRttAMta. 102 vartamAna bekarIAnA purANA nAmanI carcA (298) vijayI nIvaDelA rAjapUta kSatriyoe pradezanI karelI vaheMcaNI (39), 391 zaprajA upara pArthiana zahenazAhanI kAyamanI paDelI jhUMsarI. 301 zugavaMzane keTalAka vidvAnoe "mitravaMza' tarIke oLakhAvyo che tenuM kAraNa. (10) zakaleka tiraMdAjInI vidyAmAM pravINa hatA tenAM dRSTAMto. (110) zubhratyA: zabdane arca, tenI vaparAzanuM kAraNa tathA samaya I. AMbabhatyAra sAthe sarakhAmaNunI samajUti. 49, 74 (74) 75

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1 cAvI [ prAcIna zu gati vIronI kALagaNanAmAM dRSTiphera 49: jene lIdhe nAmAvalI tathA tathA samayAvalImAM dekhAI AvatA taphAvata. 49thI AgaLa zuM minenDara ke DimeTrIarsa kaneAjanI pUrvanA prAMtamAM paga dIdhA che? 155 zugapati vizenA eka jaTila praznanA karela ukela. para zu'gavaMzanI zASita nAmAvaLI ane vaMzAvaLI, 60-61 zaka saMvatanI sthApnA sAthe, e ajhIjhamAMthI koine saMbaMdha na heAvAnuM kAraNa. 321, 323 zAha ane zAhIvaMzanI upADelI carcA ane temAMthI kareluM tAraNa. 334 zAhI ane zahenazAhI prajAnAM mULasthAnanI tapAsa. 342 zakaprajAnA hiMdamAM thayela utAranA mArga vizenI carcA. 310, 317 zakaprajAnuM eka nAnuM TaLuM utarI AvyAne banAva. (314 TI. naM. 29) zuMgAnI rAjagAdI pATaliputre ke vidizAmAM? (67) 93 (93) zAtakaraNI bInnae atyaMta jItI laI tyAMnI takedArI mATe lIdhelAM pagalAM, 12 zAhIvaMzanI sthApanAnA saMjogA tathA tenA gAdIsthAnanI pasaMdagI. 353 zakapravartaka gaiAtamIputra vizene keTalAka bhrama 353 zAhIvaMzanI vaMzAvaLI. 393 zaka, AbhIra ane traikUTakanA saMbaMdha, 375thI AgaLa: 378thI 84 sudhI zaka kone kahevAya te pAte ja jANatA na hovA chatAM, tene deSa bIjAne mAthe DhALavAtA prayAsa 140, (141 TI. naM. 47) 350 (350 TI. naM. 78) zuMgAnA samaya jainagra MthA 90 varSanA, ane vaidikagra MthA 112 varSane kahe cheH te bannenuM samAdhAna. 48 zugapationI kArakIrdInI eka ujaLI bAjunI levI joitI noMdha. 97, 110 samajaNa na paDe tevI bAbatamAM maiAna sevavAne badale vidvAnA eDanuM cADa bharaDI nAMkhe che tenuM dRSTAMta. 334 sAla (sAketa nAma khATuM che)mAM gAdI sthApanAra, DimeTrIasa ke tenA pitA yuthIDImeAsa ? (153) e nAmanA vidvAne keTalIye hakIkatAnI kheATIja noMdha lIdhelI che tenA eka namunA (152) (tevAMteA aneka dRSTAMte che jethI itihAsa vikRta khanI gayA che.) savatsaranI Alekhana paddhati harATa ane kuzAnamAM eka sarakhI dekhAya che. 242 subhAgasena ( priyadarzina putra)nAM anya nAmeA tathA jIvana vRttAMta. 2 saDrekeTasane caMdragupta TharAvavAthI thatI aneka bhUleAmAMnI eka (5) : (vizeSamATe pu. 2 pR. 154 thI AgaLa juo.) subhAgasena jyeSTha putra na heAvA chatAM yuvarAja kema nImAyA? (10) te sthitithI tenA jIvana upara thayelI asara. 10-11 sUbAnI nimaNuMka ( pArthIansa ane brITIza prajAmAM ) karavAnI padmata dekhItI rIte eka chatAM temAM rahela pheraphAra. 329 samayAvalInI madadathI karela ukela sarvazreSTha ane aphara rahe. tenA dRSTAMta. para (prastA. 16) hugAma ane hagAmAsa ekaja ke judAH tenA samaya ane jIvana uparanA prakAza 179-80 hugAma kSaharATa jAtinA DhAvA vizenAM pramANe) 180 huNa prajAnI keTalIka khAsiyatAnuM vRttAMta (390) harSavardhana ane vikramAdityanA saMvatasaranuM sAmya tathA kAraNe (345)

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI (mA) sAmAnya jJAna saMbaMdhI arthazAsa ghaDavAne samaya tathA kAraNa. 27 alekajhAMDare paMjAba upara caDAI karI tenuM kAraNa, te vakhate tyAM pravartI rahelI sthiti ane temAM tene maLela anubhava 31 alekajhAMDaranA ane azokanA rAjanItitapaNAnI sarakhAmaNI 32-33 pAzcAtya vidvAnoe aleka jhAMDarane narakezarI gaNI tenA aphATa yazogAna gAyAM che jayAre hiMdIgraMtha te vize taddana mina che te sthitine ghaTasphoTa 37-28-39 158 azokavardhanane AkhI jIMdagImAM paga vALIne besavAne samaya maLe nathI tene saMkSiNamAM citAra. 72thI35 azoke gRhajIvanamAM bhagavela ukaLATanuM jhAMkhu citra. 34 azekane TharIThAma besavAno AraMbha ane kaluSita chaMdagImAMthI thayela mukti 35 alekajhAMDaranA humalAnuM nAmanizAna paNa dekhAtuM nathI tenAM kAraNanI tapAsa 38-39 (vizeSa) abhyAsa (Post-graduate course) jevuM prAcIna samaye hatuM ke kema? (277) arabastAnamAM mukhya bhAge jyAM ne tyAM retI ja mAlUma paDe che tenuM kAraNa 136 aravallInI pazcimanI hiMdIzaka prajAnuM nirmANa 351 azvamedhanA smAraka tarIke kotarAvAtAM azlIla citronI samAja upara thatI naitika asara 96-97 AbhIra, zaka ane vaikuTake sarva eka prajAmAMthI udabhavyA che tethI paraspara lehI saMbaMdhavALI che.. sitArASTranI ane mahArASTranI AbhIra prajAnA taphAvatanuM lakSaNa 389 AbhIra prajAnA vasatIsthAna ane temanAM paraspara joDANa 358 AbhIra ane pAradaprajAnA guNanI samatulanA 299 (299) AbhIra ane saurASTranA rA"vaMzIone saMbaMdha 388 AbhIra prajAnI zAkhAo ane tene ItihAsa 389 Arya prajAnuM mULasthAna kokesasa ke ekasasa ? (344) Ayurvedika (Adika) ane yunAnI vaidika zAstramAM asala koNa tenI carcA 278 Aryo ane yavano vacce jAmelAM aneka yuddhonI tavArIkha 154 thI AgaLa Arya prajAne kramika vikAsa, madhya eziyAmAMthI thayo che tenI TUMka mAhitI 141 thI AgaLa ekasasa nadInI be zAkhAnI prAcIna sthiti jainagraMthanA kathanane maLatI ghaTAvI zakAya che. 132 - Izvaradatta AbhIra, junAgaDhanA rA'vaMzIone pUrvaja hovAnI mAnyatA 338 kAtyAyana ane kAnhAyananA sAmya saMbaMdhI vivAdaH 224 (223-24) 226 kAtyAyana vararUci ane kAtyAyana pataMjalInA saMbaMdha vizenI carcA 225-28 tathA TIkAo kAnhAyana vaMzI pradhAnone Akho sattAkALa zRMgapationI sevAmAM 163 kAnhAyana vaMzI pradhAnane vidvAnoe puSyamitranA samaya sAthe joDayA che te vAstivika che? ra22thI 26 tathA TIkAo. kAnhAyana pradhAne potAnA svAmInuM khUna karyuM che te prathama naMbaravALAe ke chellAe ! 223 zrIkRSNa tathA temanA anuyAyInA dharma vize prakAza 258 karachanA rAva ane saiArASTranA rA"vaMzIo vacce lohI saMbaMdhanI saMbhAvanA (357) kusaNa mULanA artha ane satyAsatya hakIkata mATeno prakAza (368) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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18 cAvI [prAcIna kalkinuM birUda, puSya mitrane badale agnimitrane ApavAnAM kAraNe. 87 kRSNakumAra zAMbanuM ane rAmacaMdrajI kumArabhavanuM rAjya zAka dvIpamAM hatuM. te kathananA marmanuM rahasya 130, 294 kSatrapa saradAranA sikkAthI ubhI thatI guMcavaNa 163 kSatrapa ane mahAkSatranA adhikAra vize vidvAnoe ane meM ApeluM varNana tathA benI vacce rahelA bhedanuM tAratamya 169 thI 72 beMgAra nAmanA rAjAo (saurASTranA)ne harATa gaNavAnI eka vidvAnanI kalpanA (358) gUrjaranI vyAkhyAH prAcIna tathA arvAcIna samayanI 385 gUrjara prajAnI utpattino ItihAsa 385 392 gUrjaranI utpatti sAthe kekesasa ane ekasasanA sthAnane saMbaMdha 385 (385) gUrjara prajAnA utpatti sthAna sAthe jhAMsI-vAliyara pradezanI paNa gaNatrI 391 gurjara prajAnI utpatti sthAna vize mArA vicAra ane vidvAnethI huM kyAM judo paDuM chuM tene Apela TuMke khyAla 392 gAjara ane zaka banene uddabhava ekaja prajAmAMthI 393 (393) gurjara zaka, AbhIra ane saiphUTake sarve jaina dharma pALatA hatA tenA purAvA sAthe varNana 393 thI 396 gUrjaranI utpatti mATe chocha ane geDrIAnAnA sthAna viSenI kalpanA (139-40) geDa nAmanA be deze I. sa. nI 8 mI sadImAM hatA; te bannenuM varNana kara caDAI karavAmAM humalo karanArane zuM IrAdo hoya che tathA te keTale darajaje phaLIbhUta thAya che tenI carcA 158 thI AgaLa 5. cANakayanA bApadAdAo hiMdamAM AvIne vasyA teno samaya 386 caMdragupta magadha jItavAmAM kaliMgapatinI madada mAMgavAnuM kAraNa 25 caMdragupta mahAna magadha samrATa hovA chatAM tene nANAnI paDelI taMgI ra6 caMdragupate avaMtine ApelI rAjakIya mahattA ane te mATe teNe bharelAM pagalAM 28 cANakaye rAjanItimAM adrita bhAvanA pariNAmavA lIdhelAM pagalAM tathA daSTAMta 28 caMdragupate dIkSA lIdhA pachI gALela jIvananA sthAna tathA samayanuM varNana 29 cANakyanI ati bhAvanAno priyadarzina samrATe amuka aMze karela amala 36 cANakya pitAnI IcchA pramANe adrita bhAvanA amalamAM na mUkI zakyo tenAM kAraNa3. 4, (25) 27 caMdragupate dakSiNanA keTalAka prAMte upara pitAnA jJAtijanonI karelI nimaNUMka. 28 jara, jamIna ane jerU, e traNe kajIyAnAM choruM' te kahevata anusAra thayelA kajIyAnAM dRSTAMta tathA tene Apela samaya (98) grIka prajAne Arya vasAhata gaNI zakAya ke kema? (146) (296-7) gaNataMtra rAja vyavasthAnuM svarUpa 3-5 (mahArASTranA) zraka vaMzane saurASTranI AbhIra ane zaka prajA sAthe saMbaMdha 355 thI 58 tathA TIkAo 393 (397) (mahArASTranA) trikUTaka vaMzane ane AbhIra prajAne paraspara saMbaMdha 389 zaikUTaka, gUrjara, zaka ane AbhIra; cAre prajA jenadharma pALatI hatI tenA purAvA 393 thI 396 (hiMdanA) tarI kinArAnuM svAmitva keTaluM mahattvapUrNa gaNAya tenI carcA 156

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bhAratavarSa] cAvI takSilAnAM dATa tathA samaya ane tenAM kAraNe 274 takSilA ane nAlaMdAnI vidyApIThanI sarakhAmaNI 277 takSilAnA tAmrapatramAM vaparAyala 78 nA AMkane batAvela ukela. 240 takSiAnA nAmakaraNanI carcA 266 talilAnI utpatti sAthe bhAratanuM nAma joDAyeluM che te bhArata rAjA kayA samajavA? (270) ra71 taliAvAsIonI keTalIka rAharasanuM varNana 27: temAMnI keTalIkanuM vartamAna pArasI sAmAjIka sthitimAM thatuM darzana 272 (22) dvIpa ane duAbanA taphAvatanuM varNana (346) drAviDa sAhityanA traNa yuganI carcA 287, 288 (288) dharmanA viSayane ItihAsanuM eka aMga gaNAya ke kema tenI carcA ane radiyA 278 dharma ke jAtimAM koI jAtano vidhi niSedha ke kriyAkAMDane vaLagADa kharI rIte saMbhavita nathI. 248 dharma ane komaH bane kSetronI samaja : temAMthI vipatha mArge javAthI nIpajatAM kaDavAM pariNAma (ra78-79) (rAjAone) dharma jANavA mATe sAdhanonI agatyatA tathA tene anukrama 243 dharmajhanuna, eka vakhate ja madhya ane dakSiNa hiMdamAM eka samaye cAlI rahyuM hatuM tenuM daSTAMta 75 dharma sahiSNutA ane dharmadhapaNAnI sarakhAmaNI, daSTAMta ane rAja upara thatI asara 5-8 tathA TIkAo (prajAnA) dharmamAM rAjasattA hastakSepa kare te kevAM pariNAma Ave tenA namunA. 11 dharma ane saMskRtinI vyAkhyA 247 dharma zabdane tenA anuyAyIoe bajArU vastu tarIke utArI nAMkhyAnI hakIkta 247 (247) (jema) dharmamAM temaja koma zabdanA arthamAM praveza pAmelI saMkucitatA 247 (247) nahapANanI rAjanIti lokakalyANakArI ane dIrdhadaSTivALI hatI tenI sAbitI nAta, jAtanA vADA vadhAre majabutapaNe baMdhAvA lAgyAnA samayanI kalpanA (2012) nadIo sAmAnya rIte sarovaramAMthI nIkaLe che paNa tene maLatI nathI. A niyamanA apavAda rU5 dRSTAMta (133). pataMjalI ane puSyamitranA jIvananI sarakhAmaNuM 77 - pataMjalI mahAzayanA gAtra upara vicAra karavA mATe raju karela keTalAka muddAo 226-27. pArUSimAMnA RSi zabdanuM apabhraMza thaI "pArasI' zabda thayela dekhAya che. tenuM tathA tenA adhikAranuM varNana 295 pANini cANakya ane vararUcinI tripuTimAMnA dareke judA judA kSetre nAma kADhayAnI vigate rara4, (224) 225 pANinine uddabhava ane kharAbdI bhASAno saMbaMdha 346 priyadarzine calAvelI ane 5. cANakya jelI rAjanIti sAthenI sarakhAmaNI 4 prAcIna graMthomAM "pramANu" zabda kevA rUpamAM vaparAto hato tenI samaja 130 prajAnI oLakha mATe, kALanirdezanI paddhatino karavAmAM AvatA upayoga 169 pAMDurAjAnI rANImAdrinA piyaravALA pradezanuM varNana 151 priyadarzinanA zilAlekhamAM bhejaka no thayela nirdeza ane tenA sthAnanI ka95nA 392 priyadarzine ane agnimitre pitAnA vaDIlo pratye batAvelI kALajInI eka sarakhAmaNI 53

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cAvI [prAcIna puSyamitra, agnimitra tathA vasumitra te traNenA rAjakIya samayanI vaheMcaNI parathI 57 brAhmaNa zabdanA judAjudA arthanI samajUti 248 (248) brAhmaNa zabda konI sAthe joDI zakAya tene khulAso 225 brahmaTIpanA Aryo ane pa. cANakyane zaka prajA sAtheno saMbaMdha (47) brahmacArIne paraNavavAmAM prAcIna samaye manAtuM puNya (67) jakane priyadarzine karela nirdezaH tenA sthAna vize eka kalpanA. 392 (rAjA) bhAnumitre pitAnA amAtya tarIke kAnhAyanonI karelI pasaMdagI 111 (rAjA) bhAgavatane tazilAnA yena kSatrape samarpaNa karela stUpane prasaMga 112 mathurA vize "gauDava' pustamAMnuM eka kathana 62 mathurane lagatI prAcIna bhUgoLanuM varNana 263 mehanajADeronI saMskRti ane mahAbhAratanA samayane saMbaMdha (137-8) mAMgeliyananI pIta prajA sAthe licchavInA zarIravarNana saMbaMdha 141 (141) (272) aracha zabdano rAjataraMgiNikAre na tarIke karela upaga (juo yena zabda) mArya sAmrAjya tuTI paDatAM tenI saMkecAyelI hada 9 mirtha sAmrAjyanI paDatInAM kAraNaH vidvAno mAnI rahyAM che te yathArtha che ke kema ? 4 thI AgaLa yu-cI prajAnuM asalanI AryaprajA sAthenuM saMdhANa. 142 yu-cIne uddabhava AryamAMthI tema kurANane uddabhava paNa AryamAMthIH te pachI kuzAnane paNa AryamAMthI uddabhavelA gaNAya ke kema ? na ane yavana judA che chatAM lehI saMbaMdhavALA che. 142, 143, 146 (146) 148 yavana, (a7) ane javana zabdano taphAvata (146) (148) 83, 119, (119) yAna prajAnAM saraNa, vikAsa ane AkramaNa vize kAMIka 147-9 na mATe rAjataraMgiNikAre pleccha zabdane kareluM upayoga 148 (146) rAmacaMdrajInA kumAra lava-kuza ane kRSNakumAra zAMbanuM Adhipatya IrAnamAM hatuM te saMbaMdhI vicAro 294, 137 bhadattanA bApadAdAone hiMdamAM AvavAne samaya 386 (karachanA) rAva ane saurASTravaMzI rA'nI vaccene lehI saMbaMdha (juo kaccha zabda) (357) rAzI rAjAomAM je sadaguNo utarI AvyA che tenA mULanI tapAsa 357 licchavI tarIkeja, tibeTa, cinAo ane mAMgoliyane 21 vaNe te vyavahAranI samAnatAnA vargIkaraNa mATe che tene dharma (AtmIya sAdhana) sAthe levA devA nathI. 226 vArtikakAre kAtyAyana ane mahAbhASyakAra pataMjalI eka ja ke bhinna bhinna ? (27) vikramAditya zakArine adhikAra kAzmira sudhI laMbAyo hato ke kema? 327 vaNe (cAra)ne karma sAthe saMbaMdha ke janma sAthe ? (990) (360). vyaktio eka ja vaMzanI hovA chatAM temanAmAM dharmapalaTAnuM darzana, dRSTAMta sAthe (393, 394) vepAra, hiMda ane IrAna vaccene, I. sa. pU. 7mI sadIno. 297 vidvAnamAM zaka ane pahabrAjhanI oLakha mATe paDelo gUMcaH tene karela ukela 143, 44. 164thI70 307 thI 10:310 thI 13 tathA TIkAo, 305 (405) 317, 299 thI 301 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= ' bhAratavarSa) cAvI vasumitre karela azvamedhanA azvanI doravaNI. 57 vikrama saMvatasaranA sthApana mATe zaka prajAnA trAsamAMthI mukti ja kAraNarUpa che ke bIjuM kharuM. 97 viSNava ane vaiznava eka ja ke bhinna ? (253) zAka ane hiMdI zakanI oLakhanuM varNana 364 zAhIvezanuM birUda sAcuM TharAvatI sthiti 365 zAhI ane zahenazAhI vacceno taphAvata tathA svarUpa 365 zaka prajAe hiMdamAM karela pravezanA mArgonuM varNana. 363 zAhI ane kSaharATa prajAnI oLakhanAM cihenuM varNana. 363 zaka prajA tarIke vidvAnI mAnyatAne ullekha (221) zAhI rAjAne vaMza teja rUSabhadattano vaMza tenI sAbitI 339-40 zratikAra, upaniSadUkAra ane zaka prajAno saMbaMdha 344 (345) zaka prajAnI vyAkhyA tathA bheda (pautya ane pAzcAtyanI najare) 350 zAkaDhIpanuM (prAcIna) sthAna vartamAnakALanI kaI bhUmi upara lekhAya. 133 tathA TIkAo zistAna prAMtanA hAmana, geDIsarAha ane hAmanamArza nAmanAM traNa sarevara vizenI samajUti (135) zAkaDhIya, zakIpa ane zAsthAnaH A traNa zabdanA artha ane tene taphAvata. 133 135thI AgaLa zaka prajAnA Agamana kALano samaya (138-TI. naM. 35 sAthe ApaNI mAnyatA sarakhAvo) zaka, AbhIra ane saiphUTako ne saMbaMdha (juo AbhIra zabda) (355 thI 58 tathA TIkAo) ka, AbhIra, gUrjara ane vaikUTako jenadharma pALatI hatI (juo AbhIra zabda) zuMgavaMzI rAjAonAM dharma tathA dhamadhapaNuM vize 117 zaMgavaMzanA pAchalA rAjAomAM jAmele vyabhicAra ane prajA upara thayela tenI asara 96-97 zakaprajAnuM prathama hiMdIzaka ane pachI zuddha AryaprajAmAM thayeluM parivartana 353-60 (jenA) sikkA je pradezamAMthI nIkaLe tyAM teno rAjyAdhikAra hoya vA na paNa hoya tenI carcA 190-1 (190) sikkA citro paNa saMskRtidarzaka che tene karele uSa 160 sikA lekha vizenI samajUti 324 sikkA pADavAno adhikAra keTalAka kSatrapoe bhogavela che, jethI guMcavaNa ubhI thavA pAmI che 311 (313) sudarzana taLAva prathama baMdhAvanAra koNa tathA tenAM kAraNa 29 saMskRtino kALagaNanAnI rIta sAthe saMbaMdha tathA pramANa 243 (243) saMvatasaranI sthApanA prajA kare ke rAjA tenI carcA 322 sAMcI sUpano samaya priyadarzinanA kALano che tenI sAbitI (336) saMskRtinA staMbha ke vidhvaMsakarUpa kayA purUSo gaNI zakAya tenAM kAraNa. 251 saMskRtinA palaTAmAM kayA pakSanA atirekanuM kAragatapaNuM nIvaDe che. 251 hiMdamAM kendrita ane adrita bhAvanA cAlI rahI hatI tenAM dRSTAMte 3-4 hiMdI AbAdIne minenDaranA samayane citAra 159 thI AgaLa heddAonA adhikAra (paradezI prajAonA) tathA khAsiyatonI samaja 164 thI 70, 314 thI AgaLa hiMda ane ITalI upara ThalavAyelI kudaratI bakSIse mAMgI lIdhela bhaga 330 hiMdI zakane zAhI rAjAnA nAme oLakhatA hatA 341 hiMdamAM svataMtratAyuddha niSphaLa javAnuM kAraNa (7) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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cAvI [ prAcIna (6) mukhya bhAge jainadharmane spaze tevA ahiMsAvAdIe paNa kSatriyocita laDAI karI zake che, tenAM aneka dRSTAMta (394) aravallI parvatanI pazcime jaina maMdiro haju maLI Ave che paNa tenI pUrvamAM koI ja nathI dekhAtuM tenAM kAraNunI tapAsa (387) ujainInI agatyatAnuM varNana, bhinnabhinna daSTie 1995 ozavALa ane zrImALane saurASTramAM thayela utAra 387 ozavALa ane zrImALa banne eka ja nagaranA vatanI ke judA judAnA, tenI mimAMsA (387) ozavALa, zrImALa ane poravADane kSatriyo sAthe lehI saMbaMdha hoI zake tenAM kAraNa 390 adhapatioe pitAnA 475 varSanA kArabhAramAM kyA dharmanuM zaraNuM lIdhuM hatuM ? (393) kacchanA rAva ane saurASTranA rA" vaMzI rAjAone lohI saMbaMdha khare ke? 389, (57) kacchanA ozavALa ane zrImALIo khetIvADImAM paDayA rahyA dekhAya che tenuM kAraNa 387 (387 354 (354) karachamAM ane kAThiyAvADamAM poravADanI vastI bahu nathI tenuM kAraNa 388. (387) kAlikasUrie aMdhrapatine upadezI punaH jainadharmamAM daDha karyo, tathA bIjA keTalAka pheraphAra karyA (114) kalika rAjAnAM aneka birUde.84 rAjA kalkinAM uddabhava tathA vRttAMtane itihAsaH purANa ane jenagraMthanA AdhAre 83 thI AgaLa zrIkRSNa paNa jenamatAnuyAyI saMbhave che tene eka vizeSa purAvo. 86 (86). (munithI) kalyANavijayajIe puSyamitrane rAjA kalki TharAvyAnA purAvA. 82 kSaharATa prajA ati dhArmika vRttivALI gaNAya che tenA ApelA purAvA 257 (sarva) harATa kSatrapa baDabaDA karavAnI ke humalA laI javAnI vRttithI vegaLA rahetA hatA tenuM kAraNa. 243 (sarve) kSaharATa kSatra jenadhamAM hatA tenuM varNana 243 (vizeSa mATe juo zaka zabda) caMdraguptanuM mana saMsAra uparathI virakta thavAnAM kAraNa. 28 caNaNa vaMzI rAjAo paNa namatAnuyAyI hatA tenuM varNana, 389 (389), 394: te hakIkata zilAlekha tathA sikkAthI puravAra thatI batAvI zakAya che 395 (395) 5. cANakya janme brAhmaNa hevA chatAM dharma jaina hato tenI dalIla 226 (kaMdaba jJAtiya) jena narezane gUrjara solaMkI narezo sAtheno lehI saMbaMdha (22) jainAcAryano ItihAsa I. sa. pUrve trIjI sadImAM lagabhaga deDhaso varSane maLatuM nathI tathA aneka zAkhA prazAkhAo te arasAmAM uddabhavI che tenAM kAraNe (838 (66) jene loko vedane mAnatA hovAthI eka daSTie temane paNa vaidikanuM vizeSaNa lAgu pADI zakAya (248) jaina tIrthaMkaranA zarIrano varNa moTA bhAge pIta gaNAya che. te sAthe licchavI kSatriyanA zarIravarNanI ghaTAvalI (juo licchavI zabda) sAmyatA (141). jenenuM jora madhya eziyAmAM prabaLa hatuM tenA purAvA (394) 34 jainAcArya kAlisUri ane rAjA baLamitranA saMbaMdhanuM varNana 109 jenaprajA ane zRMgapati bhAnumitra sAthe thayeluM saMdharSaNa 113 jainAcArya kelisUri upara tenA bhANeja rAjAe vartAvela trArA 113-117 (avaMtinI) jena prajAe rAjAnA julmathI trAsI, dakSiNamAM karelI hIjarata 114 jenadharmanI thaI paDelI sthitinI sarakhAmaNIH avaMti ane piThaNanA 114 jaina sAhityamAM tApasa dharmanI ghaNI kathAo praveza thavA pAmI che tenA samayanI carcA (83)

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ra bhAratavarSa] cAvI jaina pratimAne sonAnI hoya tene gALI nAMkhI vinAza karavAmAM rAjA agnimitrane Azaya 97, 98 jaina prajA upara ramrATa agnimitra varasAvelA trAsanuM varNana 97thI AgaLa jainAcArye lAkha uparAMta mANasane dharma parivartana karAvyuM hatuM tenI hakIkata (347) jainamaMdira (priyadarzine baMdhAvelAno nAza avaMtinA pradezamAM thayo che chatAM rAjapUtAnAmAM te jaLavAI rahyAM che tene lagatA ItahAsa (348) (vartamAna) jene zaka prajAnI sAthe lohI saMbadha 359 (vizeSa mATe juo gUrjara zabda) jainadharma I. sa. pU. 8nI sadImAM aphagAnistAnamAM paNa hato tenA zilAlekhI ane sikkAI purAvA, - 273, 274 (273) 281 jenatIrtha tarIke takSilA nagarIne mahimA ra65 thI 282 jainAcArya (vetAMbara pakSI) vajIsvAminuM svargagamana 200) jaMbudvIpanI keTalIka bhUgoLa (kSetra paranI) tathA TUMka samajUti. 128 vartamAnakALanA hiMdane prAcIna samayane jaMbukIpa mAnI lenAM virodhamAM ughAM thatAM to (128)130 jaMbadvIpanA aneka aMzonA kSetraphaLanA Apela AMkaDA (131) tazilA nagarIno jainatIrtha tarIke mahImA 265 thI 282, 244 takSilAnuM astitva, jena ane vaidika mata pramANe ra70 zaikUTakavaMzI rAjAoe kayA dharma pALela hato? 394 devadravyanA adhikAra vize (67) jaMbudvIpa upara banela aneka daivika camatkArono Apela kAMIka citAra 132-33 tathA TIkAo jabudvIpa ane zAkaThIpanA saMdhANathI mahAbhAratano samaya zodhI kADhavAnI thayela saraLatA 167(137) jena ane veda saMskRtinuM sAdazapaNuM 249 jainadharmanAM aneka cihenI thaI paDelI avadazA tathA tenAM daSTAMta 257 jenadharmI tarIke gujarAtanA solaMkI narezane kadabavAtiya janarezo sAthe sagapaNa sabaMdha (22) nahapANe jainadharma svIkAryo hato tenA purAvA 196 nahapANane tathA priyadarzinane dariyA kinArAnA pradezanI agatyatAnuM bhAna tathA te pramANe temaNe ghaDelI rAjanIti 213 thI 16 tathA TIkA paryuSaNAparva (jenAM)nI ughApanA bhAdrapada zuda 4 nA dine rAjA kalkinA samaye paNa thatI hatI evuM sAhitya graMthamAMthI nIkaLatuM nivedana (85) pallava kSatriyo pitAnA jainadharmane karelA palaTa 292 pRthvIne pradakSiNuM detAM, jyAMthI prAraMbha karIe tyAMja pAchI AvI ubhA rahevAya che; matalaba ke te goLAkAre che. te pachI tenI sivAya anya pRthvInI kalpanA zI rIte? tevI zaMkA uThAvanAranA mananuM samAdhAna 129-130 poravADa, ozavALa ane zrImALa kema nAma paDayAM teno ItihAsa 385 priyadarina ane nahapAnI tarIpradeza pratyenI rAjanItimAM samAyelAM DahApaNu tathA dIrdhadaSTi 213thI16 priyadarzine pelAM bIjonI asara tathA yavanadeza, nadeza, kAzmira, gAMdhAra, tibeTa, misara, siriyA Adi dezomAM dhammamahAmAtrA mokalavAthI te te prajAnA nRpatio, mahAkSatrapa temanA upadezathI lipta thayA hatA tenuM vivecana 246, 258 vartamAna hiMdane prAcIna samayano bharatakhaMDa kahevo yukta ke ayukta? (128) (129) 136

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= = 24 cAvI [ prAcIna baLamitra-bhAnumitra nAme rAjAnAM be yugya thayAM hoya te tene pArakhavAnI rIta (107) (108) baLamitrabhAnumitra mATe karAyelAM mana kalpita anumAne uparathI ubhI thatI gUce 108 (108) baLamitrane tenAja purogAmI agnimitra sAthe saMbaMdha 108-9 mathurAnagarInuM kaMkAlitilA nAmanA parAne jaina dharmanA kedra tarIkenI oLakha-AkhuM pariziSTa 245, 254 mathurAnagarInA avazeSomAMthI maLI AvatAM siMha, cakra, svastika Adi cihno jenadharmanAM hovAnI sAbitIo 245 (245) 246 (246) 254 mathurAnA siMhastUpane tathA AkhAye tIrthane rAjA agnimitranA hAthe thayela bhaMga (225) (261) 264 (264) 98 mathurAnA siMhastUpanI punaH pratikAnuM varNana 233 (vizeSa mATe juo taMbha zabda) mathurAnagarI I. sa. pU. nI bIjI sadImAM eka jaina tIrthadhAma tarIke paMkAyeluM hatuM tenA purAvA 86 (86) mathurAnA siMhastUpa tathA mAMcI ane bhArahutastUpanAM tAraNe dekhAvamAM ekaja jAtanAM hovA chatAM vidvAnoe te sarvene bhinna bhinna dhAma tarIke lekhavyAM che temAM thayela anyAya. 245 minnanagara (nahapAnI rAjadhAnI) ane bhinnamAla (bhinnanagara)nI sAdazatA (193) (prAcIna) merU parvata (Meru) ane vartamAna marva (Merv) zahera te benI sAmyatA vizenI kalpanA 132 merU parvata sAthe sUrya caMdranI gatine saMbaMdha hovAnuM jaina mata pramANe kathana (395) liaka ane pAtikanAM nAme mathurAnA siMhastUpa upara che chatAM temane sattA pradeza taNilAmAM che tenuM kAraNa (257) (261) licchavIe, mAMgoliyane ane tibeTanene pIta prajA kahevAya che tenAM kAraNa (141) (22) (juo jaina tIrthakara zabdo vimaLAcaLagirinI yAtrA samrATa caMdragupta karelI tenuM varNana 28 vimaLAcaLagirinI taLATI caMdraguptanA samaye, atyAranI mAphaka pAlItANe hatI ke anya sthAne ? 28 vaDavAratUpana thayela vinAza 98 (vizeSa mATe juo mathurA siMhastUpa zabda) voDavAnUpa jainadharmanuM smAraka che tenI sAbitIo ra6: tenuM astitva 2700 varSa pahelAnuM gaNuM zakAya che. 26-2 zakaprajA, hiMdIzaka tathA kSaharAToH traNe prajA jenadhamAM hatI tenI sAbitInuM varNana (387) 388, 246, 258, 243 zrAvaka ane mAhaNa (brAhmaNa) zabdanI ekAryatA vize 249, 25: teone Astika kahevAya ke - nAstika 250 : Avo bheda paDavAnuM kAraNa ane samaya 250-251 sudarzana taLAvanI (junAgaDhanI taLeTImAM AvelA) prazastimAM rUdradAmana tathA tenA zilAlekhomAM anya anujee pitAnA hissA purAvyA che tenAM kAraNa (35) siMha ane cakranAM dhArmika cihnone bauddhadharmI tarIke oLakhAvAya che tenI khAtrI che ke? 244 (juo staMbha zabda) sarAka prajAnAM sthAnaH tathA temanA jIvana nirvAhanI rIta (367) sta upara mUkavAmAM AvatAM siMhanI samajUti. 256, 244, (vizeSa mATe juo mathurA siMhastUpa zabda) sAranAthastaMbhanA be siMhanA ghaDatara vize khulAso (257) 265 harSapura nagaranI jAherajalAlInuM varNana 193 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuddhipatraka . AmAM punA doSane ke joDaNInI azuddhine samAveza karyo nathI. pR. ko. 5. azuddha 12 2 2 I. sa. pU. ra90 ma. sa. ra90=I. sa. pU. 23 15 1 11 zuM? kaI 27 2 32 pR. 2 56 1 11 juo. pR. 458 pR. 54 56 1 13 juo pR. 459 pR. 54 56 1 15 juo pR. 459 pR. 54 58 2 1 pR. 460 upara pR. 56 upara 187 thI 188 188 thI 181 65 1 12 pAchalI gheADI pAtaLI thoDI 70 1 28 pu. 137 pu. 13. 88 1 26 gAdIe je gAdIe ja 88 2 23 gaNAya.........I. gaNAya .(10) I. ke samrATa samrATa 90 2 24 ane pitAnA vaLI pitAnA enTIsIelaDAsa enTIAlasIdAsa 110 2 2 enTIAlasIdAsa 127 1 ra9 XXXVXII XXXVII 126 2 20 banI rahyA che mATe pAchuM vaLavuM banI rahyA hatA. temane svadeza pAchuM joIe evuM bahAnuM maLavAthI vaLavuM che evuM bahAnuM kADhayuM tethI 128 1 21 prajA jene prajAne 132 1 6 karatAM pitAnI karatAM temanI potAnI 5. 145 kaThe trIjuM Asana ajhIlIjha 18 varSa 28 varSa 151 2 26 3:3: 1, 71 3 : 3 : 1, 7:1 151 2 31 capala nadI caMbala nadI 15ra 1 19 yukreTAIjhane yukreTAIjhanA 182 1 29 taSilAne tazilAnA

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6 pR. phA. p 202 2 29 223 1 29 saraka 1 21 220 1 13 231 1 phara 233 ra 238 260 285 2 33 28} 1 13 331 212 348 ra ra ra 1 chellI .. 1 361 1 4 39 1 12 302 1 14 314 1 3ra 11 1 1 64 2 11 85 1 R} zuddhipatraka azuddha hakIkatanI, pakti samaya pahelethI chelle sudhI te samanA kAtyAyana Kharaosta, ane of te khenI rahyA che paNa temA gujarAtI anuvAda barAbara spaSTa lakhAyA che zAlAmAM vadhArA thaze (che jue nahIM hAya ? i. sa. pU. 325 325 3 prAe prajAne maLI zakatA nathI peAtAnA putra te ( pR. 569) bhUpakanA rAjye sumarzana kalkikarUpa pratibaddha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat zuddha hakIkatanI paMkti [ prAcIna samaya-pahelethI chelle sudhI te samayanA kAtyAyana vacce dhaNA akSarA iMgrejImAM paDI zAbhAmAM vadhArA thaze ema dharAtuM hatuM che. ( jIe nahIM heAya ? ] I. sa. pU. 329 329 kuzAna prajAe prajAnuM meLavI zakatA nathI potAnA pAtra te bhramakanA rAjye suzarmana kalki svarupa supratibaddha www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuM ! ane kAM ! AmAM AMka saMkhyA pRSTa sUcaka che. paraMtu TIpaNA aMtargata nAme, zabdo che. che temanAM pRSTha saMkhyAnA AMka phreMsamAM mUkayA che. a akakhara : (7) 11, 80. kendribhAva: 3, 6, (7) 10. agnikula: 374 (290) (391) agnimitra: (10) 13, 14, 49, 50, 51, (52) 53, 54, (55) 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, (6) 68, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, (85), 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95,. (96) 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 106, 109, 117, 119, 120, 149, 111, (153) 154, (189) 205, 226, (255) 260, 263. agnivarmana H 376, ajAtazatruH (98) 101 ajhIjha : 304, 307, 308, 309, 317, 319, 321, 322, 325, 326, ajhIjha khIje 328, 370, 371. ajhIlIjha : 304, 308, 309, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328. ativRSTi 102. atridAma : (338) draka (jIe edraka) : adhikAra H (zAsakanA) 169. anamitra (296) anArya : 141. anumitra : (1) anurU6 : 290 ajaH (296) ajamera : 192, 193, 201, (273) 362, (390) arthazAstra : 27, 36. alAsaMdA (dvIpa) : 152. alekajhAMDara : 391 anurUddhapura : 290. anaMtapura : 144. aparAMta (pradeza): 214, 292, adhAnistAna : .: 73, (143), 131, 136, 147, 152, 161, (168) 285, 301, 310, 311, 316, 317, 325, 331, 385. akhUlA : 230. abhaya : 202. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat amarASaH 54, 68. amerikA : 293. ayama H 187, 215, 223. ayeAdhyA : (59), zilAlekha (95) (99) 154. arabastAnaH 133, 136, 214. arabI samudra : 285. aravallI: 155, 189, 192, 193, 201, 353, 354, 387 (387) 389, 391. : 31, 32, 33, 38, (38) 126, 127, 142, 143, 147, 158, 159, 161, (165) 177, 272, 273, 280, 285, alekajhAMDriyA : (133) alvaraH 192. avartasaka H 262. avaMti H 66, 67, 72, 75, 76, 90, 193, 200, 201, 202, 207, 209, 225, 243, 275, 276, 320, 322, 323, 329, 342, 343, (364) 364, 365, 369, 300, 387, 389, 390, 391. avaMtipati : 9 (5) 12, 13, 67, 286, 318, 319, 322, 327, 328, 334, (339) 343, 313, 361, 362, 365, 300, 387, 388. avisAra : 296. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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28 zuM! ane kyAM! [prAcIna alaMga : 392. Ayasike bhusAH 230. azokaH (juo azokavardhana) AyAgapaTTa: (232) 235, 245. azokavardhanaH 3, (5) 11, 30, 31, 3, 33, ArakoTaH 144, 29ra. 34, 35, 53, 12, 117, 126, 127, ArabansaH 348, 15ra, 161, 205, 244, 251, 266, 267, ArasekasaH 298, 300, 305. 273, 285, 286, 327. AryaH 288, 344, (359-saMskRti (7) 21, azvavarmanaH 324. 39, 40, 141, 154, (160) 386. azvasena : 376. Ayarvedaka: 278. azvamedha: 54, 55, 57, 58, 71,73, 4, 5, AryAvarta (256), 295, 76, 77, 8, 88, 93, 94, 5, 6, 97, AsadAmanaH (337). (100) 100, 117, 118, 151, 153, 154, AhAra (sAdhu) (78) 394. AMdhrapatiH 9, 30, (357)361, (376) 377, 380, asahiSNutA (dharmanI): (5) AMdhrabhutvaH (49), 14, 75 (355). ahi chatra: 68. AMdhavaMzI: 194, 339. ahiMsAH 294. abhi (takSilAnI rAjA): 273. aMdhakaH (1) 3 A IjIpta : 256. Agama sUtreH 84. ITalI: 331. AtirAInAra : (288). InDIyana enTIkavITIjha 254. AdinAthaH 359. InphogrIka: 19. AdipuruSa: 37ra. inDe pAthayana: 143, 166, 235, 284, 302, adIzAraH 339. 303, 305, 37, 308, 310, 327, AphrikA: 133, 136. 214, 328, 329, 331, 333, 343. AbAdIH 160. isithiyanaH 302, 303, 305, 308, 310, AbU parvataH 353, 354, 386, 387, 390, 313, 332, 333, 336, 339, 340, 341, (390) 342, 343, 344, 347, 364, 370 (371) AbhIrapatiH 380, (382) InDasithiyAH 138. (311) AbhIraH 338, 351, 355, 356, 357, 358, IbA: 367. 374, 375, 380. 381, 382, 383, 388, IrAna : 135 136, 147 (14) 256, 389, (397) 396. ra71, 272, 28, 284, 285, 294, 295, AbhIrapati : 395. 296, (297) 298, 300, 301, 304, AmudariyA : 132. 305, 307, 310, 313, 315, 316, 325, AhIH 232, 235. 326, 328, 329, 331, 333, (339) Ayumitra: (61) 345, 347, 350, 365, 385, 389, 394, AyanIyA: 142. 395. AyanIyanaH 136, 143, 146, (14) irAnI (akhAta) 388.

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bhAratavarSa ] Izvaradatta : (337) 338, 355, 356, (357) (361) 363, 369, 372, 373, 374, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384. IzvarasenaH 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 380, 381, 382, 283, 384, 329. Isu (bhagavAna): 395. IspaSThAna : 143, IslAmI (146) IzvAku (297) iMglenDa : : 293, 329. IMdrapAlita H 15, 16, 17. ddhimitra : (61) u-U ujjainI : 28, 191, (203), 205, 206, 200, 209, 361. uttamabhadra : 368. uttara hiMdaH 363 udayana H 101, 125, 290, 340, upaniSad : 137, 250 upaniSadkAra : : 345, 372, uSabhadAtta : 3329, 359. uSavadAtta H (198) (199). uSavadatta : 211, (363) uSkara stUpaH 203. RSabhadevaH 200, 271. e egethAkalsa : 114. eMTIsIAlaDAsa : jIe eTIAlasIDAsa eprIgrAphrikA InDIkA : (254) epeAleDeMTisa: 164, 336. eraNapurA (386) eralA: 132, (132) 133, (135) erIthroyana: 336 zu...! ane kayAM ! eziyA : 341, 344. eziyA (madhya) (394) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 39 eziyAI turkI (stAna) : 273, 344, 385. (pre.) esa. kRSNasvAmI : 287, eTIAlasIDAsa 110, 111, (115), 162, 163, 182, 236. eMTIeksa pahelA : 147, (152) eMTIesa bIjo : 147, 148, (152) (155). eTIesa trIjo 5, (5), 6, 148. eMTImesa : 164. A ekasasaH 132, 133, 143, 143, 161, 744, 385, (385) erADAsa : 325. erisA : (367) eziyAH jI ezyAnagarI emyAnagarI : 348, 386, (387) 391, 392. mAzavALaH 324, 374, 375, 385, 386, 387 (387), 388, 389, (389) 390, (390) (391) (393), 396. AdrakaH 51, 59, 60, (61), 62, (90), 97, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, (113) 115, 162, 187. osTreliA : (113) aura gajebaH (5), 11, (11), 80. AdhaH 90 kaccha : 90, 354, (357) 381, 388, kaDappA: 143. kathAsaritsAgara : 266. kadaMba (licchavI) : 290, 292. jIe kAntAyana : kuvaMza : 222, 223, 224. kanherI : 377. kaniMgahAma 205, (254) 268, 335, 337, kava kanva } kaniSka : 20, 330, kaneAja: (262) 338. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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30 neAjapati : 335. karamAna H 144. karakheNA : 367. + : 2. karNadeva : 292. kalAsI (gAma) : 152. kaliMga : : 209, kalyANuvijayajI : 82 (108). kalki : 52, 54, 55, 56, 58, 61, 64, (78) 80, 83, 84, 25, 26, 87, 89, 99, 258. kalATa : 144. kazyapa : (297) kaMkAli TIlA : (86) 245, 246. kuMtAnaH 132. kaMdahAraH 242, 311, 316, 317. kaMkheAja : jIe| kAMkheAja zakAtilA : : 264. kAThiyAvADaH 205, (250), 363. kAtyAyana : 224, 227. (5) kAnaDa : 367. kAnyakubja H 5, 6, 8, 149, 276. kAnyAyana H 66, 69, 114, 115, 116, 163, 194, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227. kAphristAna : 144. zuM! ane karyAM ! kAcula H 144, 312, kAbula nadI : 152, 144, (265) 313. kAjIlanI khINu : (124) (155) 317, kAranula H 144. kArloIH 207, 362. kAlikasUri : 107, (108) 109, (113), (114) 113, 117, (166) (190) 295, (339) (342) 364, 365, 36, 370, kAlikaTa : kArlo : 23. kAlidAsa H 88. kALA samudra : 132, 136, : 157. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat kALI siMdhu : (95) (151). kALI (215) kALagaNanA (jaina) (108) : kazmira : 344 kAzIputra : jIe| bhAga kAspIyana : 132, 134, 135 136, 298. kAzmIra : 4 (4), 5, 6, 7, 8, 66, 72, 148, 246, (273) 275, 276, 326. 327, 328, 33 0, kAMcI : 291. [ prAcIna kAMjIvarama H 291. kAMkheAja : (133) 139, 143, 144, 174, 177, 200, 269, 271, (345) (347) kujhulakaDasIjha : 329. kuNAla : 17, 18, 3nAra : 265. kubjakuvA : 264 kuMbhalanera (386) kumArapALa : 262 kurama pAsa H 310 kuza : 295 kuzAnaH 20, 21, 12, 140, 144, 167, (168), 242, 329, 330, 331. kuzInagara : 268 kusumadhvaja : jIe pATaliputra kumulapAtika : (236) kumulaka lIaka : jIe lika krITa : 136 kreTasa : 358 kRSNa : (86) 112, 134, 137, 295, (297) kRSNAnadI : 65, 293, 356, keralaputa : (4), 9, 213, (dI. khA.) kezavalAla harSadabhAI : (61) 97, 342. kezi kumAra : 347 kAsama-bhAsA : 68 kaikesasa : 344, 385 (385) 392 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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za koDinara (80) bhAratavarSa ] zuM! ane kyAM! keTiH (130) khareNI: rara9, 230, 257, 271, 280, 324, kere mAMDalaH 291 346. kaMkitabhAvanA : 3 khalAsa kumAraH 230 kAMkaNapaTTI : 292, 362 khaharATa: (358),juo kSaharATa. kauTalaH 3, 4, (4), 27, (21) 224. khAravela: (rapa) ra9, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, keTina-juo koDina 71, 72, (75) (116) 156, rarara, rara3, 286. keDi -juo kauDinya khristI 3ra9 kauzikI-64, (65) (rA') kheMgAraH 357, (358) kauzAMbI-prabhAsa (zilAlekha) (59) 106 khoTAna : 142 kauDinyaH 80 80), 85 khorAsAna : 298, (134) 143, 143 khebarapAsa (pATa): 310, (311) 317, 346. khaMbhAta : 214, 215. kSatrapaH 127, 135, 166, (165) 166, 167, ga 170, 171, 178, 181, 183, 194, 198, gaNapakaH 376, 199, 213, 217, 221, 222, 230, gaNarAjyaH 3, 4 231, 234, 237, 238, 239, 24, 253, gaIbhIla: 97, 166, 203, 246, 286, (295) 254, 255, (256) 306, 307, 313, 314 3rara, 339, 342, 343, (353) (356) (314), 334, 338, 339, 340, 341, 364, 365, 369, 370, 371, 387 (387) 342, 349, 355, 360, 362, 363, 365, 388, 389, (394) 374, 378, 379, 380, gardabha H (176) kSaprapAvanaH (178). gardabhI vidyAH (110). kSamA kalyANaH 84. gayAjI : 268 kSaharATa: 127, 147, 143, 144, 162, grIkaH 4, 5, (14) (196) (256) 264, 265 166, 167, (168) (171) 174, 176, 265, ra72, 296, 341, 349. 178, 184, (181) 188, 195, 200, 201, 207, 203 206, 205 217 grIka lipi : 324 218, 219, 221, 222, 229, 230, grIkasaMskRtiH ra99 grIsaH rara4, 297 233, 234, 235, 236, 239, 240, 241, gijanI: 144 242, 243, 246, 253, 254, 255, 257, girinagara (357) 359, 387 267, 261, 280, 284, 316, 318, 319, 331, 333, 339, 345, 346, 349, 350, gAMdhAraH 2, 124, 246, (265) 276 gAMdhAra-puSkaLAvatI: 316, 317, (346) 354, (358) 359, (61) 363, 363, 364, 366, 369, (377) (38) gAMdhArapatiH 316 gujarAtaH 243, 323, 363, 364, 190, 385 388, 393. khaTTAMgaH ra96 kharaosTa: 143, (144) 167, 14, 15, guptavaMza (ra88) ra7, (336) 37 38, 389 184, 230, 231. 395. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuM! ane kayAM! [ prAcIna gUrjaraH 375, (39), (192) 385, (386), 391, 392, 393 (393) 396. cakra : 281 geNikAputraH rara7 cakrabhavataH (bhArata) 249. gaDavAla-juo golavADa caturmukhaH 84. godAvarI: 202, (356) 302, 65 72, 73, 190 caMNaH 171, 176, 180, 186, 194, 217, ge. ha. ladaH rara7 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 333, genaMdavaMzaH 19 (1) (340) 341, 342, (36) 365, 374, godaya: rara7 (377) 370, (381) 334, 338, 340, genA (deza) : 7ra 330, 355, 369, 379, (380), (381). govaradhana : 22, 367, 375, 376. 377, 65, 389, 394 (394) (395) 395 73, 190. cANakya : 3, 4, 24, 25, (25) ra0, 72, 80 geDakArasa : 328 (144) 224, 225, 226 (347) 386. geDaphAranesa: 304, 309, 35, 326, 327, cahuANa vaMza (390) 391. 328, 329. cAturmAsaH 113. gauDa (deza) : 7ra ciDiH 191, 192. gauDava : 262 cInaH 269, 344, 141, 14, 161. gauDavahe : Thera cinAba (nadI) (151) (153) autamabuddha : 241, 265, 345. citrAlaH 144. autamIputraH 191, 204, 218, 219, 334, cedivaMza-(394) 340. 35, 361, 369, (371) 3chera, (36) catyaH 244 (388) 388. celA: 213, 290, 292, 143, gaMgAH 85, 12, (111) (1ra) 103 caulukya vaMza-(390) 391. gaMdharvasena 387 caMdragiri H 14, gaboja : rara9 caMdraguptaH 24, 25, (25) 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, graha : 130 (75) (83) 102, 161, 286, (289) 290, jharasIjha: 143, 186. (290) 291. vAliyara (256) ra6ra, (385), 391, (391) 92 caMdragukSaH rara4, 272, 284, 3ra3, 347. gvAliyarapati (391) caMpA (nagarI) 101. gvAdara (baMdara) 135, 144 caMbalaH (nadI) (95), (151). geMDrIAnA (19) 385 gebajIyAH 14 chatrapatiH (18) goDIsarAha: 135. gelavADaH 192, (386, 392. jagannAthapurI (26) goLArTa (pRthvInA) 131, janmejaya : (6) gherIsAhana : 266 jamanA (nadI): 111 cheSa: 50(61) 62, 115, 116. jayasvAla : 196

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bhAratavarSa ] jaraTIjha : 344, 350 jarathAta : (134) (175) 241, 245 javana (146) jAnhavI : (297) jAleAra (386) jAlauka : : 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 14, 19, 20. 90, 94, 149, 276, jAvA : (133) 214 (sara) jIvaNajI meAdI : 134 (392) junAgaDha: 338, 387, 395 (395) jIs : 20 jIbhera : (174) (190) 206, 207, 356, 362. jesalamIra : 125, 347, (348) 386. jodhapura : 192, 347, (386) (390) 392. jainamaMdira 80 : jaina yuvaka .i pariSada: 250 zuM! ane kAM ! jaMbUThThIpa : 128, 129, (129) 130, 131, 132, 133, 131, 136, 137, 140, 141, (168) 174, (178) 210, 265, 294, 295, 344, (395). jhelama (nadI) (153) 266 esTara (134) jhAMsI : (385), 391, 392. Ta rASTi : : 367 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat Da DimeTrIyasa : (8) (9) (20) 20, 70, 92, 94, 95, (101) 110, 145, 149, (148), 149, 110, 151, 153, 155, (155) 160, 163, 164, (1965) 177, 178, 181, 188, 189, 210, 229, 274, 275, 300, 324, (335) (337) DIDeTasa (pahelA) (5) 147. DImeDeTasa (bIjo): 148 DerIyana : 298, 313, (344), 347. DerIasa : 124, 125, 17, 181, 307, (345), 386. takhazira : 266. takhazila H 266 tattvAvakheAdha veda : (248) jainakALa gaNanA jue kALa gaNanA jara, jamIna ane jorU (nI ukti) (98) jarAzasta H (134) jarAzakhada : (134) janma : 144. jalAlAbAdaH 144. jaLapralaya, 81, 102, 137. jyArja TAunaH (139) 385 jainadharma (nA AcArya) 66 (66), 388 (387) trirASTrikava'za-jIe traikUkaTa. yezayA 385, 392, tathAgata : 267, 268. takSa H 270 takSakaH 270 takSazira : 266, 267, 33 takSazila : 266 takSazilA : 229, 265, 267, 268, 269, 274. takSilA : (144) 162, 177, 179, 183, 222, 228, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 244, 25ra, 253, 261, 265, 268, 270, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 280, 281, 311, 316, 317, 319, 320, 322. ta5: 144. trirazmi : 374, 375, 376, 377, 384. traikUTakaH 355, 358, 374, 375, 377, (378) 381, 382, 383, 389, 393, (393) 394, 396. tiSyarakSitA : 34. tApI: (129) 190, 214, (215). tAmila : 288, 289. tAmrapatra : 319 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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34 tAskaMda : 344, (394) tithaeNAgAlI : 83 tikheTa : (2) 141, 142, 246, 272, (lAkamAnya) tilaka : (137) tiraparaH 287 tira'dAjI : (110) tilAyasAra : : 83 tIrthaMkara : (141) 359 tIrahuTa : 263. turkastAna H 132, 142. tu : 2073 turkImAna H 298 tejaMturI : 124, (125) teharAna : 143 tAramANu : 389 takhAvaTI : 192 tAMbAvaTI : (jI) takhAvaTI) trAMbAvaTI (jIe takhAvaTI) tripuTI : (vidrAnAnI) 177 tryaMkhaka : 73 tharapArakara : 125 thIesa : 147 dadhivAhana : 101 damayaMtI : (91) darpaNa: 364, 387, 389. darbhavisAra : 296 dazarathaH 16, 102, 205, (296) daheNukA : 367 dakSamitrAH 184, 186, (190) (198) 198, (199) 215, 349, 353 dakSiNApatha : 72, 73, dakSiNa hiMda : 202, 354, 356. dAnapatra H 169 drAviDa : 283 zu! ane karyAM ! Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat datidUrgaH 355 dAmajazrI : 389 dAmajAtazriyA : (337) dAmanaH 338 dAmazAha : (337) dAmasena 379 dAme dara : 14, 20, 90, 91, 94, 149. digaMkhara : (83) dinikaH 198, 372, 384 dilipa (61) 296 dillipa: jIe dilipa divyAvadAna : (54) dina : 372 ditrika: 372 dinAra : 89 duzmanaH 138, (139) 285, dIpamAlA : 83, 84 [ prAcIna devakaNu : (342) 352, 369, 373. devagaDha : (256) devaNuka : 368, 300, 371, 372, 388. devadatta : 83 devaputta : 220 devabhUti H 50, 51, (61) 62, 69, 90, 115 116, 117, 195. devabhUmi : (115) devastUpa : (jIe veDavAstUpa) dvIpa : (aDhI) 128, 138. dha dhanakaTaka : 222, 224, dhanadeva : 64, (65) dhanaprasAda caMdAlAla munazI : 221. dhamma mahAmAtrA : 246, 273, (349) dhammalipi : 245. dharasena : 374, 377, 384, 385, 394, 395. dharasenAcArya : (199) dharma dhelachA : 118 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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35 bhAratavarSa ] zuM! ane kayAM! dharma jhanunaH 74, 75, 80. nAsika: 73, 176, 184, 187, (100), 191, dharmacakra : 244. 197, 199, 205, 207, 218, 223, 244, dharma pALa : 2 (334), 339, 356, 362, 367, 369, dharmazAkaH 327 372, 375, (376) 377, 380, 381, 389, dhdhametika: 219, (378) nigama sabhA : 211 lerA : (215) nijhAma: 294 dhruvamitra : (61) nirvANaH 268 dhruvasenaH (juo dharasena) neminAthaH (86), 137, 258 naMda)nava)H 84, 177. nakSabhAH (134) niMda (AThama) : (67) nabhavAhana: 196, 372 niMdaH 224, 271, 277, 280, 291, 343. navAhana : 196, 37ra naMda vaMza (394) naravara : 204 naMdasIAe : 234 naravAhanaH 196, (2000), 37ra. naMdisIekasAH 230, 244. narmadAH (129), 205, (215) naMdivardhanaH 192 naLa (rAjA): (91) navanagaraH 204 pataMjaliH 54, 65, 66, (71), 72, 73, 74, navarU nakhoda vALe (nI ukti): 113 75, 76, 70, 78, 87, 93, (95) 100, 117, 153, 226, 27. navInagarI : 204 paradezI (nI khAsiyata)H (164) nahapANa: (9) (73), 108, 117, (179), 180, paramAra vaMzaH (390) 391 (391) 183, 185, 186, 147, 148, 190, 191, pasiansaH 283, 284. 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, (197), pannA: 84 198, 19, 20, (21) 203 206, parsiyAH 288 207, 208, 29, 210, 211, 212, 213, pariziSTa : 51-(kAra) 49 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 19, 20, parihAravaMzaH 26ra (391) 221, 222, 23, 229, 233, 234, 235, paryuSaNa parva: (85) (25), (257), (314), 318, 319, 20, palavaH 213, 282, 284, 286, 287, 290, 322, 334, 338, 339, 340, 341, (348), 291, 293. 349, 351, 353, (356), (357), 60, 361, 5tvAjha: juo pallava 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 369, 370, 5havAjha? juo pahabrAjha 372, 373, (375), 376, 377, 378, 384, pahalavAjhaH 127, (133) 140, 143, 166,(168). 386, 387, (387) 389 (397). (171) (175) 181, 284, 285, 286, 292, nAgarAjA: 270, 271, 291. 293, 296, 298, 299, 305, 308, 311, nAgasena : 158 315, (342) (345) nAlaMdA : 177, 276, 277. pahalavIH 174, (175) 184, 284, 285, 296, 298, 308, 329, nArAyaNaH 116 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuM! ane kayAM! [prAcIna paha0 : juo pahalavAjha pAMcAla 91 (68) 155, paMjazIra: 15ra pisapasIH 230 paMDayAjha: (20) piMgaLA (rANI) : 97 pARSiH 295 pIta (prajA): (22) (141) pATaliputraH 67, 6, 84, 85, 87, (93) (98) pILA-mAnavI: juo pIta prajA 98, 100, 101, 102, 205, 266. pudukoTAH 291 pATalipura : juo pATaliputra punA : 206, 207, 362 pANiniH 72, 80, (114) 176, 177, 224, purAtattvaH (254) 225, 226, 346. purUSapuraH (265) pAtAla (nagara): 138 pulumAvI: 204 pAtika : 25, 228, 229 234, 237 238, pulidika: 50, (61) 115, 116 241, (255), (257) 261, 319, 320. pulusAkI: 124, 176. 269, 271, 280, pAtikavALo tAmrapatraH 321, puSkara: 192, 201, (273), 361, 363, 368. pAraDI : 377. puSya nakSatra): 67, 222 pArada H (133). 140, 345 puSyamitra: 13, 49, 51, para, 53, 54, (54) pAvita H 85 (55) 56, 57, 58, 19, 60, 61, (61) pAkhaMDIH 83 64, 65, 67, 68. 69, 70, 71, 72,77, pAradA: 367 74, 75, 76, 77, 70, 82, 84, (85) pAradanI : ra96, 299 86, 87, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, (5) pArasa : 295 99, 100, 101, 103, 106, (116) 117, pArasakula : 342 119, 145, 149, 151, 154, 222. pArasadezaH 295 pRthvI (racanA): 129, (131). pArasIH 241, 295 puSyadharmA: 64 pArzvanAthaH (86) 137 (394) puSyapura : 266 pADayana: 26, 327 pelIanaH 164 pAradhIH 283 piTarakuMDa: 264 pArthiansaH (218), (241), 242, 274, 281, piravADa: 374 283, 284, 298, 299, 300, 301, 32, pirasaH 32, 33, 273, (280). 303, 304, 310, 323, 345, 349, 363, pezAvara: 144. 264, (265) 310, (tathA juo pahullIjha). paiThaNaH 76, 11422, 204, (15) pAthiyAH (147). 305, (pAthayansa) 307, 308, paMjAba : 66. 205, (218) 233, 236, 313, 314, 316, 348, 266, 271, 273, 274, 276, 280, 285, pAlIH (386). 296, 308, 310, 313, 317, 18, 319, pArlAmenTaH 329 326, 330, 331, pAsiphika (131) piravADaH 385 (385) 387 (387) 388, pAMDa (rAjA) 151 * 389, 20, 366,

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bhAratavarSa ] pratihAravaMza : (390) 391. pratibaddha : (jIe supratibaddha) pratimA (suvarNa) : 79, 97. pradyota (vaMzI): 28 pratiSThAnapura (jIe paiThaNu) prabhAsa : 106 205, 361, 362, 367. pramANa : 130 priyadarzina : 2, 3, (3), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, (10), 12, 36, 53, 66, 73, 75, 78, 19, 80, 90, (93), 97, 101, 102, (146) 147, 152, 161, 178, 192, 205, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 246, 251, 256, 257, 262, 267, 265, 267, 274, 276, (289) 290, (292) (336) 337, 348, 349, 386, 387, 392. ph klbudeva : 64 phArasa : 295 phArasI : 295 kAlgunimitra : (1) prIle peTara : 336 kreTasa H 348 amapura : 144 khappabhaTTasUri : 262 ma zuM! ane kyAM ! khaLadeva : 86 khaLamitra : 49, 51, 59, 60, 62, 106, 107, (108), 109, 110, (113), 119, 120, (154) 162, 187, 190, (356). khaLabhAnu : (113) aLarAma : (297) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 37 khaLazrI : 191, 202, 204, 215, 218. (334) (361), 369, 372, (388). bi MdusAra : 29, 30, 31, (75) 102, 126, 177, bRhaspati : 67, 69, (297). bRhadthaH 66, 76, 77, 89, 91, (91), 100, 149. bRhaspatimitra : 12, 13, 14, 64, (65) 66, 67, 68. 70, 71, 72, (116) 156, 222. khANa (kavi) : (76) bAlkansa : (297) bAbrA-vairATa : : 192 khAlDrIka : (297) khAleAtarA : (386) khAhubalI : 270 khikAnera : (348) biMdusAra : 211 mukhya : 297 yuddhadeva : 244, 254, 259, 266, 267, 269, buddhezAkaya : 244 buddhiprakAza (21) (342). buddhisTIka InDIA (259) ekaTrI H 145, 147, (147) 149, 150, 300, (312) 313, 151, 152, 161 314, 316, 349. ekaTrIansa : 5 (5) 6, baMdhupAlita H 14, 15, 16, 17. balkha : 143, (154) (297). khalika putrasa : (297) alika rAjA : (297) lucistAna : 125, 136, 139, 144, (168) ennATaka : (356) 285, 286, 301, 310. ekhIleAna : 298 erIgAjhA : 336 esanagara : 111, (112) 182. kheAlana pAsa : 139 310, 311, 317, 346. khAkhArA : 143, 152. bauddha 2 244, (248) 266. (8) (9), 14, 127 (14) 142, 143, 145 146, 147, 163, 165, (171) 178, 181 (181) (218) 274, 275, 299, (324) 341 345, 365. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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38 zuM! ane kayAM! [prAcIna bauddhadharmaH ra46 bhArahatattvapaH 245 bauddhadhAma : 241, 245. bhAvalapura : 347 brahmadI5: 139, 346. bhAMDArakara : (146) 206 brahmaputrA : (12) bhinnamAla: (110) 192, 193, 348, 354, 386, brAhmaNa: 250, 249. 387, (387) 391, 392, (393). brAHi 167, 174, 175, 184. bhilsA H (112) bregejhA (bharUca): 205 bhUpALA (nA sikkA) 165. bhUmakaH (8) (9) (83) 110, 12, 155, 161, bhagavAnalAla ijita 255, () (258) 162, 177, 178, 143, 184, 185, 186, (355) 380, 381. 147, 148, 149, (189) 190, 191, 192, bhaTTAraka: (389) (390) 193, 195, 196, 197, 148, 201, (25), bharata : (128) 270, 271, 206, 27, (28) (212,) 213, 229, bhadrabAhu : 29 232. 233, 234, (ra45), (257), 340, bhadraSa: (61) 341, (348, 349, 351, 356, (35) bharatakhaMDaH 128, (128) (129), 136, 168, 360, 361, 362. 276, (344) bhUmadhyaH 132, 143, 146. bharata kSetra: (199) bhUmimitraH (61) 116 bharUca: 214, 215, 362. bhejakaH (134) 363, 364, 365, 373, 386 bhasmagraha: (85) 387, (387) bhartuharI: 97 bhojadevaH (262) (390) (i.) bhAu dAjIH (358) bhojaka (leke) 392 bhAgavata (juo bhAga) bhAga (rAjA) 51, 60, (61) 62, 106, 107, 112, 114, 182. magadhaH 5, (5) 6, 8, 10, 12, 34, 36, (128) bhAgabhadra: (112) 205, 222, 224, 266, 271, 276, 280. bhAnumatI : (19) 113. magadhapati : 5, 25, 289, 343. bhAnamitra: 49, 51. 60, 1210, 107 maja: 230 (108) 109, 110, 112, 113, (113) majamudAraH 212 114, 116, 119, 120, 154, (155) misya: 191, 338. 162, 163, 147, 190, 223, 229, 231, matsya purANa : 296, (355). 232, 236, mathurA: 66, (86) 98, 156, (157) 162, bhAnuzrI : 113 164, 183, rara1, rarara, rara9, 232, 233, bhAratakA prAcIna rAjavaMza (254) 234, 235, 237, 239, 240, 243, 244, bhAratIya (samRddhi) 161 245, 2para, 253, 255, (257) 258, 259, bhArata varSa (297) ra60, 261, 262, 267, 265, 309, 312, bhAradaja: 64 317, 319, 3ra0, 3ra3, 327, 330, 36,

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bhAratavarSa ] zuM ! ane kayAM! mathurA enDa ITasa enTIkavITIjhaH (32) 24ra. mathurApati : 317, 370, 371. mathurAno stUpaH 240, 262, 263. mathurA siMhastUpaH 228, 232, 233, 239, (318) madurA: 288 maka (deza) : 151, 153. madra (prajA): (151) madrAsaH 330 madhupurI : 263 madhurA : 263 madhya (deza) : (83), 155, 162, 178, 179, 183. 191. madhyamikA (nagarI) (83) 99, (100) 154, 191, 192, 206, 207, 348. manu (bhagavAna): 139, 140, (297), 392. marAThA : 362 marva: 132, 133, 385. mala : 290 mallapurA: 264 mazada: 143 mahamada sAheba: 241 mahAnadaH 84, rara6 bhArata : 134, 137, 258. mahAbhASya: 72 mahArASTra H 352, 355. mahAsabhA (bauddha) (7) mahendrakumAraH 34 mahAvIra svAmI (66) 80, 241, 256, 263, 345 mahApralaya (juo jaLapralaya) mahAkSatrapa 162, 166, 167, 170, 171, 17ra 178, (185) 186, 147, 148, 149, 195, 201, 205, ra07, 208, 209, 217, rara1, 228, 231, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 244, 246, 257, 261, 262, 316, 317, 318, 349, 363, 365, 374, 379, 380, (382) 383, mahI (nadI): (129) 214, 215. maheraH (134) mahelI H 263 maMgaLa grahaH 130, (297) maMcurIyA : 141 maMcerI : 192 maMtrigupta H 326, 327, 328. maMdasara : 206 mazerA : 177 mAInara : (eziyA) 136 mAgadhI (bhASA) 167, 358. mAMgeliyA: 141 mADAgAskaraH 133 mADharIputra: 376 mADharIgotra: 377 mANikatelA: 273 mANikamAla: 281 mAtRgotra: 376 mAdrI (rANI): 151 mAmulanAra : 288, 289 290. mAla (85): 133 mAlavikA : 91, (92) 93, mAlavA: 353, 354, 363, 390, 391, (393) mAlava saMvataH 391 mAhaNa: 249. mAlavikAgnimitraH 50, (66) 88, 92. migreDeTasa (dhI greTa): 181, 241, 300, 301, * 302, 305, 306, 307, 313, 314, 316, 325, 348. mitradeva (198) mitra (vaMza) (61) (104) minanagaraH (155) (193). miriH 144 minenDara: 60, 66, 70, 71, 72, 110, 111, 112, 145, 151, 152, (153) 154, 156, (157), 158, 161, 13, 164, (165). Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuM! ane kyAM! [prAcIna 177, 181, 182, 147, 148, 149, (189) mauryaprajA: 287, 290. 190, 191, 210, 214, ra29231, 232, mairyavaMza : 327 233, 236, (244) 254, (59) 301, mairya sAmrAjya : 275 (39), (24) (335) 337, 338, 340, mairya samrATa : 275 349, (387) plechaH 83, 87, 119 (119) (146) 148. mirejhara. juo minenDara zabda milinA (juo minenDara) yamaH (297) milinda: 153, 158 yavanaH (10) 57, 91, 126, (133), 140, milinDa pahe: 153, (154) (155) 143, 146 (146) 149, (149) 154 mizradeza: 264, 265, (157) (168) 203, 219, 273, 284, misara (deza): (133) 161, 214, 246, 265. 309, 312, 331, 345, 369. mIgreDeTsaH (bIjo) (juo miDeTsa dhI greITa ) yavanadezaH 246 mInaladevIH 292. yavanadhI 5: ra96 mihirakulaH 389 (390). vanabAdazAha : 365 mihiragulaH (juo mihirala). yavanasAgara : 296 mihiraH (134). mulApAsaH 310. yavana suMdarIH 57 (94) (153). mekaDonalDaH (150). yazodAmanaH 379 megesthenIsaH 42, 43, 44. 266, yazodharmanaH kara merU parvata 128, 129, 132, 133, 141. (35), yArakaMDa : 344, 349, mevADaH 192. yukataprAntaH 330 mesIDeniyana: 142, 273, yukreDAIjha 70, 150, 151, 152, (177). 300, maitraka(vaMza): 389, (389). 312, 313, maisura : 289. yu-cI (prajA): 143, 144, megaH (juo majhIjha) yuDImesa (280). mojha: (juo majhIjha) yuthImeisa: 8, (20) 94, 99, (101) 110, bejhIjha: 166, 235, 238, 239 240, 241, 148, 149, 15ra, (153) (154) 164, 242, 304, 305, 306, 307, 310, 311, - 181, 275, 276, 312, 313. (312), 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, yuthIDImIA : 149, 150. 320, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 341, yunAnI vaidaka: 278. 346, 363, yurepa : 331, 350 mohana jADeH (15) (137) (138). yudhiSThira : (297). mehuraH 288 mana : 296 maukharIH 391 (91) pouna : ra96 maurya : 205, 28, 288, 289, (94) yona : (7) 7, 8, 143, 146, (146) 147, maurya sAmrAjaya : 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 157, (157) 158, (168) rara9, 243, 14 (14) 18. 273, 280, 284, 309, 33, 333, 365. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] zuM ane kayAM! nadeza : 246 rUSavadattaH (108) 183, 184, (184) 106, naprajA: ra90, 298, 299 188, 190, 192, 386, 387, (387) yona-bekaTrIyA: (146) 298. 388, 389. na (saradAro) 8, 14. rebhIla gaNupaka: 376. rekhAtenaH (133) radhuH 296 romaH (29) raMjuvula (juo rAjupula) remana : (297) ratnaprabhasUriH 386, 396. rAjakoTa : (250) lakSadvIpa H 133 rAjataraMgiNIH 148, 326. lakSaNAvatI: 72 rAjaputAnA: 80, 90, 125, 201, 2-5, 346, livIH 141, 213, 272, 290, 291, 348, 370, (386) 392. lava (kumAra): 134, 137, 294. rAjavardhanaH 229 laMchanaH 256 rAjAvaMza: 195 laMDana : 327. rAjulaH (juo rAjulula) lAza : 144 rAjuvaka: 229 lAdeza : 190, (385). rAjuvula: 110, 111, (111) 112, 155, liaka: 112, 205, 228, 228, 233, 236, (177) 179, 180, 182, 186, 205, 237, 239, 257, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234 lIeka kusulaka: 238 237, 244, 257, 261, 363, 365. vakragrIva : 25, 26. rANakadevIH 358 vamitra: (61) rAma (caDha): 134, 137, 270, 271, 294, vadeza: 263 (296). vajasvAmI (2000) rAmarabhUja: 296 vapuSThamA H (96) rAmAyaNa: 294 vakhkhA morIAraH 289 rAvalapIMDI : 266, varaciH 72, (144) 177, 224, 225 (23). rAvaMzI: 338, 357, 388, varaMguLa: 202, 204, (215) 370. rAvI (nadI): 94, (151) varAha maMdira : 262. rASTrika vaMza : juo trikUTaka zabda varUNa (297). rUdraH 84. vadhu (nadI)= (92) radAmanaH (74) vasudevaH 222, 223. vasumitra : 51 jurva: (134) rUdazAha (siMha): 337, (395) vasudhA: (1999) rUdrazAha (bIjo): 337 vallabhI (vaMza) (389) rUdrazAha (trIja): 338 vallabhAcAryajI: (86) 253. rUdrasena : (384). vaziSTha : 296. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuM! ane kayAM! [prAcIna vaziSThaputraH (306). vItabhaya paTTaNaH (15) 386, 392. vasumitraH 49, 50, 56, 57, 58, 19, 61, 77, vIradAmaH (337) 82, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 100, vIradAmana : 379 12, 103, (106) (107) 18, 109, vIrasena : 2 110, (113) 115, 117, 119, 145, vRSabhasenaH 65, 6, 73, 4, 87, 276, 349, 149, 151, 153, (154). vRSala : 3 (4) vasumitra bIjoH 50, 51, 62, 116. vRSalatva : 296 vApatirAja : 72, 262. vida: (248) 250. vANArasI nadI : 366, (367). vedoMkI utpatti : 248 vAmatIrthaH 367. vaidakazAstraH 277 vAmidezaH (199) vaidarbho : 91, (91) vAsudevaH 111, 116, 117, 163. vaidikaH 226, 244, (248), (347). vAskADAgAma : 157 vaidika dharma : 254 vAyu purANa (61) 246. vairATa (nagara): 192. vikaTorIyA : 11, 85. vaiSNavaH (86) vikramAditya : 84, 97, 107, (138), 23, 324, vaizAlI : 272 - 327, 328, (335), 35ra, 371, 372, 389. vizravAH (86) 253 vijayamitraH (61) voDavA (tUpa) (86) 98, 269, 26. vijayasenaH 389, (389) nenIsaH 328. vijayAnaMdasUriH 249 vyAdhasena : 394, 395. vijayavallabhariH 240 zakaH 97, 110, (110) 127, (133), 135, vijayasenaH 379 138, 139, 147, 144, (171), 174 vidarbha : 90, (92) 93. (198) 198, 207, 218, 219, 221, vitastAH juo jhelama. (255) 257, 283, (295) 301, 304, | vidizA H (16) (60) 04, 78, (79), (92), 305, 30, 312, 313, 315, 323, 322, (93), 101, 111, 102, 209. 339, 34, 342, 343, 344, 345, 348, viMdhyAcaLa H (129) 349, 350, 351, 356, 357, 358, vidyAprabodha vedaH (248) (361), 363, 364, 365, 369 370, 374, vilAsa priyatA : 119 375, 376, 379, 384, 388, 389, vizvavarmana : 376. 393 (393) 396. vizvasiMhaH (337) zakaDALa : 224, 226. viSNuH 64, 83, (86). zakaThIpa: juo zAkadIpa viSNudAmitra: (297) zapravartaka: 323, 369. viSNudAH 376, 378. zakasthAnaH 135, 258, 350, 392. viSNuyazA: 64, 83. zika sithIyansaH 332, 333. vinjhaTa smitha (214) 221, (232) 272, 27, zaka saMvata : 21, 22 277, 291, 292, 319, 321, 322, 344. zaka saMvatsara : 369

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bhAratavarSa ] zaniH 378 zAri: 327, 328, 317, 352. zu'! ane kayAM ! zikArapura : 139 zithiansa : jIe sithiyansa. zakuMtalA H 223 ziyAlakATa : (99) (149) (153) 158 274. zireAhI: 192, 353, (386) 392. zatavahana : (jIe zatavAhana) zatavAhana : 9, 12, 75, 202, 203, 234 (393) zilAlekhaH 71, 169, (334) 339, 369, zatavAhanavaMzI : 369, 371. zatAnika : 101 zatrujaya': 130 : zina (290) zaniyA : (297) zahenazAhezAhI : (339) 342, 365. zaMkarAcArya : 292 zaMbhalaH 64, 65, 83. zAka: 220 zAkaddIpa: 130, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 174, 210, 265, 295, (350) 392. zAkala : (92) (99) 149, (111) 153, (114) 158, 274. zAyasiMhaH 244 zAMtadharmanaH 89 zAtakaraNI : 11, 12, 13, 18, 49, 65, 73, 74, 75, 76, (87) 88, 89, 194, (202) 203, 200, 334, 339, 340, 312, (357) (371) 372 zAtavAhana : jIe| zatavAhana zApura: (296) zAradAmaTha : 292 zAlizaka : : 17, 90, 205. zAha: 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 342, 355, zAhabAjhagIM : 177 zAhI: 220 zAhaberI : 266 zAhavaMza : 332, 341, 353, 354, 369, 371. zAMkhakumAra : 134, 137, 295. zAMdhAI : 132 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ziva (297) zivadattaH 375, 380, 383. zizunAga : 290, 291, (394). zistAna : 74, (134) 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 241, 242, 316, 385, 388, 392. zItaLA :256, 257. gapati : 229, 206, (348). zuMgavaMzI : 49, 55, 64, 70 195, 202, 205, 212, 214, 223, 225, 226, 231, 232, 251. 47 zRMganRtya : 49, (49) 50, 54, 59, 64, 65, (75) 28. zANu (nadI) : 95, 102. zauNu : juo zANu. zAdAsa : (jIe sADAsa.) zravaNa elagAla: 294 * zrIdhara : (199) zrImALa (nagara) : jIe bhinnamAla. zrImALa: 354, 374, 375, 385, 386, 389, (387)388, 389, (390) 390 (393) 396. zrImukhaH 66, 69, 70, 71, 72, (116) 222. 223, zrutAvatAra H (199) zruti : 137, 250 zrutikAraH 141, 345, 385. zreNika : (74) 124, 214. zrutakevaLI : 29 zvetAMbara : (83) 24. sa satra5: jIe kSatrapa satalaja nadI) : 57, 91, 94, 95, (111) 154, 155, 181, 189, 205, 237. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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44 satadhanvA : 89 (91) satI (297) satyamitraH (1) satyayuga (297) satrapI: 313 samarakaMdaH 344, 349, (394). samudragupta H 289, 336, samudra (nI rANI) : (157) samudra (aDhI) : 128 samudravALA perIplasa : 336 sayamitra : (1) saradI (prAtA) : (308) sarasvati : 346, 364. sarAka (367) salaMka H 192 saMga pAsa H 319 saMghamitrA : 34 saMprati : 25, 177, (348). saMvatsara H 241 saMvatsarI (paryuSaNa) : (85) saMvatsara pravartaka: 304 saMnijI : 290, 292. saMsAradarzana : (248) saMskRti H 160 saMsthApana parAmarzana : 248 skaMdagupta : (390) stUpa: (09) (24) 261. spArTA : (297) spela gemsa: 324 zuM ! ane karyAM ! spelIrIjha : 324 spelehArasa : : 324 smItha : jIe vinsenTa smitha. sTrA (152) sAIrasa dhI greITa : 124, 125, (133) 285, 298, 341, 347, sAketa : (98) (99) 99, (114) sAbaramati H 214, (215) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat sAkalaH jIe zAkala. sAgala : juo zAkala sAmrAjya H 318, sAranAthaH 265 sAranAtha stUpa : (256) sArvANuM : (297) sAMcI : (54), (79) 111 336, 337, sikkA : 01 sikaMdarazAha : jIe alekajhAMDara sithiyana : 3 127, 138, 141, 144, 167, (168) 200, 299, 300, 321, 339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 349, 350, 365, 309. siddharAja jayasiMhaH 292 sirakahaH 266 siradariyAH 132 siriyana prajA H 148 siriyA : 148, 246, 273. [ prAcIna sileAnavaMzI : (343) siMdha : : 90, 125, 138, 155, 189, 205, 217, 31, 345, 34, 347, 38. siMdhu : (94) (95), 126, (129) 133, 134, 138, 139, 144, (193) (265) 285, 311, 321, 346, 347, 386, 188. siMha : 185, 244. siddha staMbha : 257 siMha stUpa: 230, 237, 252, 255, 263. (revaraMDa) sIla : 270 sIjIstAna: 350 sujyeSTha : 50, (59), (61) 62, 102, 103. sudarzana (taLAva) : (74), 286, (395). supratibaddha : 80 (85). subhaTapAla : 193 subhAgasena jI seAbhAgasena. sumAtrA : (133) 214. sumitra: 59, 62, 102, 103, 135. surata : 214, (317). surasena jue sUrasena. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] sulemAna H 310 suSIma : 30, 31. suvarNamukha : 367 suvizAkhaH 286 suzarmana 69, 70, 116, 222. susthita (AcArya) : 80, (85). suhasticha . (6) (83) sUrasaMga : (mathurAvALA) 310 harSa saMvata : 335 sUrasenaH 91, 155, 179, 205, (218) 263, harikuLa : (297) hayuarA : 230 zu...! ane kAM ! 318. sUryanA putra : (297) sUrya : (134), (297). sUryamitra : (61) sUryavaMzI: 296, (297). sena : 332. selyukasa : 4, (10) 33, 127, 147, 152, 161, 177, 273. H seMDrekeATasa : (5) 42, 161, 224, 284, 289. saikI : (133), 140. saicilijha : 133 sainika (rAjanIti) : (157) seTara : 147 sADAsa : 186, 205, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 261, 317, 320. sAdAsa : jIe sADAsa. seAna : (nadI) jue zeANu, seApAraga 367. seApArAH 207, 213, (215), 362. seAbhAgasena : 2, (ra), (5), 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 147, 152. sAlakI : 357 saurASTra : 80, 90, 111, 130, 155, 190, 205, 285, 332, 338, 352, 354, 357, 358, 359, 362, 364, 365, 300, 301, 372, 387, 388, 389. sauvIra (deza) jIe siMdha. sauvIrapati : 347 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat hugAma haMgAmAsa : 162, 164, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, (184), 229, 331. haMgAmAya : juo. hagAma haMgAmAsa. hana : 230, 231. harSapura : 192, 193, harSavardhana : 335, (391) yuestAMga : 264, 267, 269, 270. hAthIguphA : 68, 69, 72, (116) 155, 222, hAmana: (sarAvara) (133) (135), 136, 139, 345. hAmana mArza : (135) hAla : 310 5 himAlaya : 142, 310, 392. hiMda: 200, 286, 298, 326, 329, 330, 348. hiMdu : 323 hiMdukuzaH (124), 144, 161, 310, 329. hiMdIzaka: 341, 343, 344, 347, 349, 351, 353, 354, 358, 359, 364, 371. hiMdustAna : (128) (129), 346. hurbhujaH 296 ! (prajA) : 389, (390) 392. &Y: 20 henarI krujhensa : (347) hemaMDa : 139 hemacaMdrAcAya` : 262 (262). herAta H 135, 139, 143, 311, 317, heDeTasa: 349, (350). helamaMDa : 350 DelIekasa : 70, 112, 151, 152, 153, 177, 300, 301, 314. helIoDArAsa : 111, (112) 162, 182. helInIka : (359) ( / 0) haeNAla: 262 haiddAo (nIsamaja) : 164, 167, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #492
gujarAtI patra abhiprAya che. tribhuvanadAsanA A graMthamAM Isa. pUrve 900 thI I. sa. pachI 100 sudhInA eka hajAra varSane jaina daSTie vicArAyelo prAcIna bhAratavarSane ItihAsa AlekhAyele che. jene mATe ghaNuM abhimAna levA je A graMtha che. lekhakanA mata pramANe je zilAlekha bauddhadhamI mahArAjA azokanA cokkasa rIte manAyA che, ane temAM apAyela upadeza bauddhadharmane che ema je atyAra sudhI manAtuM AvyuM che, te khaDakalekha vagere azAka mahArAjAnA nathI, paNa enA pachI gAdIe besanAra tenA pautra jaina mahArAjA priyadarzI urphe saMpratine che, ema temaNe siddha karavAno prayatna karyo che. caMdragupta, azoka, kuNAla, priyadarzI ane tenI rANIo nakkI karavA mATe temaNe prAcIna sikkAone paNa abhyAsa karyo che, ane tenA be moTAM prakaraNe, sikkAonAM citro sAthe ApyAM che. A sikkAone abhyAsapUrNa lekha gujarAtI bhASAmAM pahelavahele che. kharekhara eka gujarAtI vidvAnane hAthe lakhAyele sAdhAra aitihAsika zodhaLane A eka addabhUta graMtha che, ane rIsarca karanArA vidvAnone muMjhavaNamAM nAMkhanAre che. Do. zAhe eka varasamAM be moTA graMtho bahAra pADayA che, ane teTalI ja jhaDapathI bAkInA bahAra pADaze evI AzA che. A graMtha gujarAtanI dareka lAyabrerIe rAkhavA je che. AnA sArarUpa je eka aMgrejI graMtha taiyAra karAvAya che tenI carcA AkhA bhAratakhaMDamAM thavA pAme. A A graMtha vAMcatAM ane AMkha coLatAM ApaNane camatkAra, jAdu, iMdrajALa, mAyAne vistAra jevuM ja lAge che, ane prazna thAya che ke zuM atyAra sudhImAM badhA ja dezI videzI vidvAne peTe mArge ja caDhI gayA ane prAcIna ItihAsa eTeja cItarI gayA? ame te amArA mata pramANe kiMcita digdarzana karAvyuM che. vizeSa te bauddha matanA anuyAyIo ane Itara vidvAne ja karI zake. gata tA. 27-9-36 27 tA. 4-10-36

Page #493
A graMtha viSe maLelA abhiprAyA (1) hamA atIva saMteSa huA. maheAta samayase hama jIsa cIja ke cAhate the Aja vahI hamArI dRSTimeM AI. isame jo jo varNana dIyA hai, yadI vistRta graMthameM prakAzita hAve teA, hamArI mAnyatA hai kI jainasAhityameM eka apUrva prAthamika Ara mAlika itihAsakA AvirbhAva DegA. Isake paDhanese jaina dharmakI prAcInatA ke viSayameM jo kucha bhrama janatAme' paDA rahA hai, vaha dUra hA jAyagA, Isa liye cahu apUrva graMtha jitanI jaladI prakAzita hAve utanAhI acchA hai; sAthameM hama jaina Ara jainetara kula sajjanAkA yaha salAha dete hai ki Isa graMthakI eka eka nakala Apa apane pustaka saMgrahameM avasyameva saMgrahita kare. kAMki yaha graMtha kevaLa jaina ki prAcInatAkA siddha karatA hi, itanAhI nahIM, sAme bhAratavarSa kI prAcInatAkA bhI siddha karatAhai, Isa lIe Isa graMthakA jo nAma rakhA gayA hai vaha bIlakula sAthe huM. pAlaNapura vallabhavijaya nyAyAlAnidhi jainAcArya zrImadriyAnaMdasUrijIkA paTTadhara (2) bhAratavanA itihAsanA saMkSiptasAranI pustikA 44 prakaraNavAlI vAMcatAM ema mane lAge che ke atyAranI jaina mALaprajA te viSayamAM peAtAnI krUja samajatI thAya tema A pustaka upayegI thaze. amadAvAda vijayanItisUri (3) pustakanI rUparekhA darzAvatuM peleTa maLyuM che. tenI rUparekhA jotAM pustaka ati mahattvanuM thaze ane e satvara prakAza pAme e vadhAre IcchavA yogya che. pATaNa pravartaka kAMtivijayajI (4) tameAe itihAsa mATe ghaNA ghaNA saMgraha karyAM che. tameA tamArA hAthe samAjane je kAMI ApI jaze| te khIjAthI maLavuM duHzakaya che; eTale A kAma tamAme je upADayuM che teja sarvathA samUcita che... AvA graMthanI atIva agatya che, A graMtha jema jaladI bahAra paDe tema keAziSa karavA saprema sUcana che. dilhI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat muni daCnavijayajI ( jaina sAhityanA eka samIkSaka) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #494
k (5) prayAsa stutya che ane aitihAsika zeAdhaka buddhi tathA uhApAha karavAnI paddhati suMdara che. A pustakathI ghaNIka khAkhatAnA bhrama dUra thaI zakaze, ane navIna prakAzanI huMka prApta thAya tevuM ghaNuM sacATa purAvAovALuM lakhANa che, eTaluM ja nahI paNa aneka zilAlekhA, sikkAo ane prazastinI madada laI vivecana thayeluM dekhAya che. kaccha-putrI suni lakSmIcaMda (6) zrI mahAvIra ane zrI buddha banne samakAlIna hatA te bAbata jaina lekhake ane Itara paradezI vidvAnA sahamata che. ahiMsA tattvanA pracAra paNa teoe lagabhaga ekaja kSetramAM karyo che. chatAM dilagIrI jevuM e che ke keTalAMka sthAnAmAM je avazeSa maLI AvyAM che te mahAtmA buddhanAMja kahevAya che, jyAre mahAvIranAM avazeSo vize ApaNe taddana aMdhakAramAMja chIe. sadbhAgye DA. tri. la. zAhe AM khAkhata varSo thayAM hAtha dharI che ane zrI pArzvanAthanA samayathI ArabhIne eka hajAra varSanA itihAsa saMzodhita karavA mAMDayo che. te jAhera kare che ke zrI mahAvIra samarpita thayela ghaNAM avazeSa ApaNI yAtrAnAM sthaLa mArge mAjIda paDela che. jenI bhALa hajI sudhI ApaNu kAine nathI. emanuM kahevuM ema thAya che ke zrI mahAvIranA jIvana mAMhenA keTalAye manAvAnAM sthAna, vartamAnakALe je manAtAM AvyAM che tenA karatAM anya sthaLe hovAnuM sAkhita thaI zake che. jo temaja hAya teA ane DaoN. zAha saMpUrNa khAtrI dharAve che ke temaja che; te te jarUra jaina itihAsamAM eka krAntikAra yuga ubhA thaze ane vizArado ane anya kAryakartAone te kSetramAM vizeSa abhyAsa karavAne pUratI sAmagrI maLI kahevAze. pustaka tadna navuM dRSTibiMdu khAle karavAmAM ghaNA zrama lIdheA lAge che. muMbai gulAbacaMdajI tI. ema.e. zrI. je. ke. nA janarala sekreTarI ane umedapura pArzva, AzramanA vyavasthApaka Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ( 7 ) che ema samarjAya che. tame e pustaka taiyAra kRSNalAla mAhanalAla jhaverI dIvAna bahAdura; ema. e. ela ela khI.. (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha) (<) hAlamAM temaNe e graMthanI saMpUrNa hakIkatanuM hastapatra bahAra pADayuM che. te uparathI tenA mahattvanA sArA khyAla maLyo che. graMthanA cumAlIsa riccheddA karelA che. ane www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[3] temAM eka hajAra varSane ItihAsa, sAdI, saraLa ane rasamaya bhASAmAM Apele che. bhAratavarSanA prAcIna ItihAsane A mATe graMtha keIpaNa bhASAmAM nathI prAcIna samayamAM pravartI rahelA vaidika, bauddha ane jaina dharma saMbaMdhI te vakhate cAlatI rAjA, amAtya athavA pradhAna maMDaLanI vyavasthA ane baMdIkhAnAM, grAmya sudhAraNA, paMcAyata, vidyAlaya, vyApAra, khetI vigere saMsthAe saMbaMdhI hakIkata vistArapUrvaka ApelI che. ane te ghaNI bodhaka che. eTale A graMtha ghaNe zrama laI tathA ghaNuM pustakonA asala AdhAre, zilA ane tAmralekha, sikkA vagere jaI AdhArabhUta gaNI zakAya tevuM banAvyuM che. te sarva rIte uttejanAne pAtra che ema mane lAge che. jaina samAjanA vidvAne nA, vidyAlayanA ane rAjA mahArAjAonA Azraya vagara A mATe graMtha prasiddhimAM mUko azakya che. tethI tenI sArI saMkhyAmAM nakale levAnuM AzvAsana ApI temanA taraphathI graMthakartAne utsAha ane uttejana maLaze evI AzA che. vaDodarA goviMdabhAI hA. desAI bI. e. ela. ela. bI, nAyaba dIvAna Do. tri. la. zAhe aneka navAM dRSTibiMduo AdhAra sAthe A pustakamAM raju karyA hoya ema jaNAya che. azoka ane caMdragupta saMbaMdhI temanA maMtavya ItihAsanI dunIAmAM viplava karAve evAM che. pustakane vistAra paNa khUba che. AzA rahe che ke AdhArasthaLone nirdeza paNa temAM thaze ja. saMpUrNa anukramaNikAnI eTalI ja AvazyakatA gaNAya. A pustaka pragaTa thatAM eka agatyanI jarUriyAta pUrI pADavAnuM dhArI zakAya che. ItihAsane zokha vadhatuM jAya che, evA samayamAM A pustaka gujarAtI sAhityamAM moTI khoTa pUrI pADaze evAM cihno sadara hastapatramAM spaSTa jaNAya che. lahAra sTrITa, motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDIA manahara bilDIMga, muMbaI bI. e. ela. ela. bI. solIsITara ( 10 ) ItihAsanA anabhijJane paNa prathama daSTie ja vadhAvI levA yogya lAge evuM A graMtha prakAzananuM sAhasa che. ItihAsa pratyenI lokarUcI aNakhIlI ane vidyAvikAsa karatI saMsthAo pramAda, pakSapAta athavA nirdhanatAne bhegA thaI paDI che, tevA saMjogonI vacce AvA graMthanuM jokhama lenAra prathama kSaNeja sahunA abhinaMdana mAMgI ce che. A sAhasa pAchaLa graMthakAranA jIvananI pacIsa varSanI prakhara sAdhanA che. TIpaNe, samayAvaLI, vaMzAvaLI viSaya zodhavAnI cAvI vigere ApIne eka bAjue lekhake AkhA viSayane vidvadabhogya banAvyo che ne bIjI bAju bhASAzailI saraLa, gharagaththu, kaMIka vArtA kathanane maLatI rAkhavAthI graMtha vidvatAne eka khUNe ja na paDI jAya te banyo che. muMbaI janmabhUmi (dainika patra), Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[ 4 ] ( 11 ) Aje jyAre dezanA sAcA itihAsa paNa dezajanA mATe durlabha thaI paDayA che, hiMdanA jAjvalyamAna bhUtakALa upara jANI joIne pardA pADI, rASTranA saMtAna samakSa hiMdanI parAdhInatAnA ane pAmaratAnA divaseAnA ja ullekha karanArA videzIoe lakhelA ke prerelA itihAsa dharavAmAM AvelA che, teve samaye pacIsa pacIsa varSanA tapane pariNAme graMthakAre upalabdha sAdhanAnA banI zake teTale abhyAsa karIne I. sa. pUrve 900 thI I. sa. 100 sudhInA hajAra varSanA itihAsa ApavAnA karelA prayAsa jema apUrva che tema A dizAmAM prakAza pheMkanAro che. A upayegI graMthane itihAsanA abhyAsIe ja nahIM paNa tamAma gujarAtIe vAMcavA prerAya tevA Agraha karIe chIe, ane eka gujarAtI saMzodhaka vidvAnanI kadara karI peAtAne zIrethI ekadarapaNAne doSa dUra karavAnA prayAsa mATe gujarAtane A pustaka satkAravA ceAgya hAvAnI khAtrI ApIe chIe. muMbaI hiMdustAna ane prajAmitra (dainika patra) ( 12 ) dAktara tribhuvanadAsa zAhe bhAratavarSanA prAcIna itihAsapara je navA prakAza pADavA tatparatA batAvI che e bhAratavarSIya dareka vyakti temaja saMsthAe abhinaMDhavA ceAgya che. pAte lakhelA itihAsanAM prakaraNeAnI TUMka pIchAna patrikArUpe ApIne ApaNane khUba utkaMThita banAvyA che. AvA zramapUrvaka ane ATalI vigatavALA pustakane dareka vyaktie peAtAthI mane teTalI madada karavI joIe. dezabhASAmAM AvA pustakanI atyaMta jarUra varSo thayAM lAgyA karatI hatI. dAktara tribhuvanadAse varSo sudhI mahenata karI tevuM eka pustaka taiyAra karyuM che, e kharekhara bahu khuzI thavA jevuM che. dareka zALA, dareka lAibrerI ane banI zake tevI dareka vyaktie e pustaka avazya vasAvavA jevuM che. muMbaI hiMmatalAla gaNezajI aMjArIA ema. e. [mAjI] ejayu. Inspekara myunIsIpala skulsa muMbaI prInsIpAla, vimensa yunIvarasITI, muMbaI ( 13 ) A badhI sAdhanasaMpattithI uttejIta thaIne DA. tribhAvanadAsa laheracaMda zAhe hiMdanA prAcIna yuganA itihAsa upajAvI kADhavAnA je prayAsa karela che te kharekhara stutya che. jaina ensAIkalApIDIAne aMge bheLI karela pramANabhUta itihAsIka sAmagrInA A iti uAsa ghaDavAmAM temaNe vivekapUrvaka upayAga karela che. khaMkhagALA jevA temAM dekhAtA keTalAka navA nirNayAthI bhaDakIne bhAgavAne badale, hareka itihAsapremI vidyArthI temaja abhyAsI, prema ane zraddhApUrvaka A graMthane abhyAsa karaze te mArI khAtrI che ke te

Page #497
[5] yuganA itihAsanA kaliSTa ane zaMkAspada prazno upara ghaNuM navuM ajavALuM paDaze. ane ApaNe vidyArthIone keve ADe raste doratA hatA tenuM sahaja bhAna thaze. keLavaNIkhAtAM temaja pustakAlaya vigerenA adhikArIe A prayAsa tarapha sahAnubhUti darzAvaze evI AzA che. prInsa epha velsa myujhIama AcArya girijAzakara vallabhajI ema. e. muMbaI yureTara, AAlAjIkala sekazana (14) (iMgrejI uparathI anuvAda) DA. zAhanA prAcIna bhAratavarSa nAmanA jaMgI pustakanI saMkSipta nAMdha huM rasapUrvaka vAMcI gayA chuM, ane mane khAtrI thAya che ke, te graMtha atIva upayAgI ane rasadAyI nIvaDaze. temaNe ghaNA navA muddA carcA che ane te sAthe bhale ApaNe sarvathA saMmata na paNa thaI e, chatAM kartAnA jabbara khaMta ane maheALAM vAMcananA purAvA tA ApaNane maLe che ja. mane saMpUrNa khAtrI che ke prAcyavidyAnA abhyAsIe tenA sarvazreSTha satkAra karaze. eca. DI. velInkara ema. e. muMbaI yunIvarasITImAM jaina sAhityanA parIkSaka muMbaI vilsana kAleja vaDAdarA (15) (iMgrejI uparathI anuvAda ) jaina sAhityanA pramANika graMthAmAMthI hakIkatanI saMbhALa pUrNAMka je gaveSaNA temaNe karI che, temAMja A pustakanI kharI khUkhI bharelI che. prAcIna itihAsamAMthI tattvA cALI kADhavAmAM temaNe atyaMta parizrama uThAvyeA dekhAya che. ane vartamAna sanmAnIta maMtavyeAthI temanAM anumAneA jo ke lagabhaga ulaTI ja dIzAnAM che, chatAM kabUla karavuM paDe che ke, temanA nirNaceAthI rasabharI carcA ane vivAdo ubhA thaze ane temAMthI kaMI anerA lAbha prApta thaze. *mI. bhaTTAcArya. ema. e. pI. eca. DI. DIrekaTara, orIenTala InsTITayuTa (16) hiMndanI kAI e bhASAmAM te zuM paNa IMgrejImAM paNa jenI tAla Ave evAM gaNatara pustakAja haze; e badhI vastue khyAlamAM letAM, ane itihAsanA abhyAsIe mATe je sAdhanasaMgraha AmAM mUkAyelA che te jotAM, DaoN. tribhuvanadAsanI zramazIlatA, itihAsa saMzAdhananA kSetramAM kadara karavA jevI che. A graMthamAMnAM saMzAdhanA ane vidhAnA eka yA bIjI rIte mArgadarzaka, dizAdarzaka ke prakAza paheAMcADanArAM thaI paDaze ema mAnavuM vadhAre paDatuM nathI. amadAvAda prajAbaMdhu (sAptAhika) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat . www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[6]. (17) 3. zrI. tribhovanadAsa laheracade hiMdustAnane prAcIna ItihAsa gujarAtImAM lakhe che, je huM athathI iti sudhI vAMcI gayela chuM. tribhuvanadAsa bhAIe A ItihAsa jaina, bauddha ane hiMdu sAhitya upara racyo che. ne temaNe te sAhitya uparAMta sikkAo, guphAo vigerenA zilAlekha ItyAdi bahu vigatavAra joyAM che. ItihAsakAroe atyAra sudhI jaina sAhityanI ane jaina sAmagrInI avagaNanA karI hatI te tribhuvanadAsabhAIe karI nathI, tethI temanA lakhANamAM samagratAne guNa AvI jAya che. ane atyAra sudhI nahIM jANavAmAM AveluM sAhitya emanI kRtimAM jovAmAM Ave che. temane prayAsa jaina samAje te khAsa vadhAvI levuM joIe, kAraNa temanuM sAhitya te temaNe pUrepUruM A kRtimAM upayogamAM lIdhuM che. kAmadAra kezavalAla hiMmatarAma ema. e. vaDedarA ItihAsanA prophesara, vaDodarA koleja ItihAsanA ekajhAmInara, muMbaI yunIvarasITI (18). ensAIkale pIDIA jainIkA je graMtha lakhavAno prayAsa karI rahyA che te jANuM AnaMda thAya che ane temAMthI thoDeka bhAga judo kADhI bhAratavarSane prAcIna ItihAsa e nAmanuM pustaka jaladIthI bahAra pADavA mAMge che tathA tenI zarUAtanA bhAganA phema mane jevA tame mokalyAM che te mATe Apane upakAra mAnuM chuM. jaina sAhityane vaLagI rahI te uparathI upasthita thatAM ItihAsanAM to barAbara goThavI eka kALane ItihAsa lakhavAnI tamArI taiyArI stutya che, evuM bane paNa kharuM ke brAhmaNa sAhitya ane bauddha sAhityamAM je rIte viSe carcA che, tethI jema thoDe thoDo phera paDe che tema tene ane jaina sAhityanA graMthomAM phera paDe to emAM kaMI asvabhAvika nathI. badhA viSayone meLavI jatAM emAMthI kaMIka paNa tAtparya sAruM nIkaLaze ane ApanA e prayAsane huM kharekhara stutya gaNuM chuM. vizvanAtha prabhurAma bAra eTale muMbaI bhAMDArakara orIenTala rIsarca InsTITayuTanA kAryavAhaka ola InDIA orIenTala sTenDIMga kamITInA sabhya (19) gujarAtI bhASAmAM ItihAsanA viSaya para ane teya saMzodhana tarIke lakhAyelAM pustake AMgaLIne veDhe gaNAya eTalAM ja che. temAM oN. tribhuvanadAsabhAInA A bahadu graMthathI gauravabharyo umere thAya che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa e kSetramAM ene naMbara prathama gaNAya te navAI nahIM. abhyAsa pUrNa AvI upayogI kRti, satata parizrama

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[ 1 pUrvaka taiyAra karyA badala DaoN. tribhuvanadAsane abhinaMdIe chIe, ane IcchIe chIe ke, gujarAta, A gujarAtI prakAzananA umaLakAbhera uThAva karI lekhakana tema karavAnuM prAtsAhana Apaze. adhyayana vibhAganI zAbhArUpa A upayogI kRtine gujarAta tathA tathA bRhad gujarAtanAM ekeeka sAdhanasaMpanna pustakAlayanI abharAI para sthAna maLe ja maLe. prAcIna itihAsanA zeAkhIne tathA abhyAsIe A graMtha ekavAra najara taLe kADhI javAne teA na ja cUke. vaDAdarA pustakAlaya (mAsika ) (20) AkhuM pustaka hiMdanA prAcIna itihAsa upara tadna navAja prakAza pADe che. jyAM jayAM lekhaka pote purogAmI lekhAnA matathI virUddha jAya che tyAM tyAM badhe te majabUta purAvAe Ape che. AkhuM pustaka vAMcavA jevuM che ane abhyAsIoe manana karavA ceAgya che. bhASA saraLa che ane viSayanI vastunI gahanatAne ekadama spaSTa kare tevI che. lekhaka dhaMdhe DAkaTara hAI, purAtattvanA viSayanA ATaleA badhA paricaya dharAve che te kharekhara dhanyavAdane pAtra tathA zeAbhAspada che. temanI kRti dareka vAMcanAlayamAM javI joIe. vaDAdarA sAhityakAra" (sarada aMka) ( 21 ) (iMgrejInA anuvAda) prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhAga bIjo: kartA DA. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAha, vaDodarAH prakAzaka zazikAnta enDa kuA. rAvapurA roDa, vaDAdarA. pRSTho 412+11+15+16+8 : kalAtha mAunDa rUA. 7-8-0 A nAmAMkita----nAmAMkita eTalA mATe ke vaidaka vidyAnA purUSa bhAratanA prAcIna itihAsamAM uMDA utaratA dekhAya che--graMthanA pahelA bhAganA paricaya kyAranA apAI gayA che. rasamaya pRSThovALA A anupama pustakamAM sikkAonuM--prAcIna sikkAonuM, eTale ke prAcIna bhAratamAM te vakhate vaparAtA sikkAonuM--varNana ApeluM che. te uparAMta maurya vaMzanA rAjaamalanuM temaja paradezIoe-yavanAe gujArela julmAnuM myAna eka vaijJAnikanI peThe cAkasAIthI ApyuM che. sAthe joDelAM anukrame-sUcI ati upayogI che. kemake pustakanI aMdaranA vidhavidha viSaye| zeAdhI kADhavAne te cAvI rUpa thaI paDe che. moDarna rIvyu (mAsika patra) lakattA tA. 7-9-1936 ( 12 ) prAcIna bhArata varSa ( bhAga khInne) lekhakaH DaeNA. trI. la. zAha, gAyAgeTa reDa vaDAdarA, prakAzakaH zazIkAnta enDa kuA. rAvapurA, TAvara sAme vaDAdarA; pAkuM pUMThuM sacitra kiMmata rU. 7-8-0

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k - 1 mArya vaMzanA prathama cAra rAjA caMdragupta, biMdusAra, azeAka ane priyadazinanAM jIvana-caritrA A pustakamAM AlekhAyAM che. prAcIna zilAlekhA, sikkA ane pramANabhUta itihAsavettAonA AdhAra ApI lekhake prAcIna itihAsanuM taddana navIja dRSTibindu rajI karyuM che. dAkhalA tarIke azeAka ane priyadarzina banne eka nahi paNa judI vyaktie hatI. aokanA zilAlekhA bauddha dharmanA nahiM paNa jaina dharmanA hatA. mairyavaMzanA A cAreya rAjAonAM jIvana upara lekhake navIna prakAza phekayeA che. caMdragupta (sephUMkeATasa) tathA paM. cANakaya urphe kauTalya viSeno hakIkata paNa judIja rIte AlekhAI che. e vakhate jainadharma keTale vizvavyApI hatA te pramANabhUta AdhArAthI lekhake sAbita karyuM che. lekhake A itihAsa eTaleA te uthalAvI nAMkhyo che ke vAMcakane AzcaryamAM garakAva karI de che. mAhitI rasapUrNa che. lekhake raju karelI hakIkata viSe kadAca matabheda paDe . tepaNu A pustakanI upayogItA viSe teA e mata cheja nahi. judA juDhA citrA, tenA paricaya sAthe ApavAmAM AvyA che. prAcIna yuganA sikkAonA citrapaTa tathA tenA viSe ApavAmAM AvelI mAhItinuM prakaraNa ghaNuM mahattvanuM che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM AvuM suMdara upayogI pustaka taiyAra karavA mATe lekhakane dhanyavAda ghaTe che. vaDAdarA navagujarAta ( sAptAhika ) (23) A pustakanuM kharekharUM AkaSaNu prAcIna mauryavaMzanA sikkA citrAnuM che. A citronI ekaMdara saMkhyA 5 nI che. e sikkA kevA prakAranA che, tenI utpatti kevI rIte thaI, te upara AvelAM cihno dhArmika ke rAjadvArI che, cihno kAtaravAnA hetu zuM che, vagere mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che, ane te vAMcyAbAda kahevAnI jarUra che ke sikkAo viSenI AvI mAhitI ekaja pustakamAM bahu thAru ThekANe maLI zakaze....pustakanI bhASA, sAdI ane saraLa hovAthI, sAmAnya abhyAsI paNa te samajI zake evuM che ane temAM AvelI aitihAsika ghaTanAo evI te rasika che ke te kAI kahANI -kissAne bhulAve tevA AnaMda Ape che........khAddha dharma bhAratavarSImAM kema TakI na zakayA, tenAM kAraNeA sabaMdhamAM labANathI vivecana kare che ane bhArAbhAra purAvA Ape che....A pustakamAM je khAsa mahattvanI khAkhata lekhaka mahAzaye asAdhAraNa laMbAIthI carcI che te azAka ane priyadarzina mahArAjA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che....A khAkhata mahu lakhANathI carcA karIne ane saMkhyAbaMdha purAvA ApIne evA nirdeza karavAmAM Avye che ke priyadarzina ane azeka banne judIja vyaktie hatI. upalA zilAlekhA azeAke nahi paNa priyadarzine kAtarAvyA hatA, kemake te pAte jaina dharmanA hatA ane tethI teNe jaina dharmanA mULa tattvarUpa e AjJAe kAtarAvI tenA phelAvA karyAM hatA. mahAzajA priyadarzinanuM je caritra A pustakamAM raju thayuM chete caritra tadna navInaja che

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[[9 ane te mATe aneka purAvAo A pustakamAM mojUda che. prAcIna ItihAsa-abhyAsIoe A prakaraNe khAsa vAMcavA jevAM che. seMDrekeTasa caMdragupta nahi paNa tene pitra azokavardhana hatuM e mATe lekhaka mahAzaye je asala lakhANane AdhAre saMDe koTasane caMdragupta tarIke karAvavAmAM AvyuM che te asala lakhANa raju karyuM che ane tene ja AdhAra laI seM koTasa azekavardhana hatuM ema zabdanA artha karI ane bIjA purAvA ApI sAbita karyuM che...caMdraguptanA rAjapurohita cANakya athavA kauTilyane janmakALathI na ja ItihAsa purAvA sAthe raju karI tenA janma-maraNanA sthAna temaja jIvana upara anere prakAza aitihAsika purAvA raju karI pADavAmAM AvyuM che... A pustaka vAMcatAM eka bAbata khAsa tarI Ave che te e ke prAcIna bhAratavarSanA rAjyakartAo "dharma"nA siddhAno upara khAsa dhyAna ApatA hatA ane vAraMvAra vaidika ane jaina darzana vacce gharSaNa thatuM hatuM. AvA eka saMzodhaka ane nava prakAza pADanAra pustaka pragaTa karavA mATe tenA lekhaka Do. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAhane mubArakabAdI ghaTe che. tA. 30-5-36 muMbaI samAcAra (24) lekhake pustaka taiyAra karavAmAM lIdhela zrama ane navAM vidhAne bAMdhavA mATenI temanI paryaSaka vRtti A pustakamAM paNa pAne pAne jaNAI Ave che, ane amane lAge che ke prAcIna bhAratane ItihAsa bane teTalA susaMbaddha temaja vistRta svarUpamAM, aMgrejImAM paNa okasapharDa ane kembrIja yunivarsiTI taraphathI aneka graMthomAM bahAra paDelA hiMdanA ItihAsa ane bIjA keTalAka gaNutara graMthe bAda karIe te, ATalAM sAdhanane zramazIlatApUrvaka abhyAsa karIne lakhAyelAM pustakarUpa bhAgyeja jovAmAM Avaze... "prAcIna bhAratavarSanA lekhake bane tyAM sudhI chellAmAM chellI mAhitIone upayoga karyo che e jaNAI Ave che ane temanI e cIvaTa gUjarAtamAM to zodhakhoLanA kSetramAM kAma karatA ghaNAke dhaDo levA jevI che....A pustaka dvArA khAsa karIne jaina ItihAsane uddhAra thaI rahyo che, emAM to zaka nathI. jenA sAdhano upayoga paNa vizeSa pramANamAM thaele che paraMtu jaina ItihAsa sAthe sarva sAmAnya ItihAsane paNa pUratuM mahattva apAze te tene aitihAsika daSTie lakhAyalA pustaka tarIkenuM mahatva maLaze. tA. 24-1-37 prajAbaMdhu (25) sikkAne lagatI sacitra mAhitI ane te parathI lekhake tAravelAM anumAna e A bhAganI vizeSatA che. temaja jainadharmane bauddhadharmane anugAmI bake tenA eka phAMTArUpa lekhavAmAM Ave che te yathArtha nathI paNa ethI ulaTuMja cheH grIka ItihAsamAM varNavAyelA ne pracalita ItihAsamAM caMdragupta tarIke manAyalo "se DrekeTasa" e caMdragupta nahI paNa tenAM pautra azokavardhana che, cANakya athavA kauTilyanA nAmathI oLakhAtI abhuta vyakti

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[10] viSenI pracalita mAnyatA bhUla bharelI che. ane e mahApurUSa brAhmaNadharmo nahi paNa jenadhamAM hatA, azoka ane priyadarzina ekaja vyakti nahi paNa bhinna bhinna vyaktio hatI ane bAddhadharmI azakane nAme caDhelI zilAlekhene staMbhalekhonI kItine mAlIka jainadharmI samrATa priyadarzina che. evI evI pracalita aitihAsika mAnyatAone jaDamULathI uthalAvI nAMkhanArI kaMI kaMI navIna bAbato ane kutuhala upajAvanArAM anumAna lekhake A graMthamAM dAkhalA dalIla ane pramANe sahita raju karyA che. te hiMdanA prAcIna itihAsa para avano prakAza pADavAmAM ane e viSayanA saMzodhanakArane aNaukelAyelA vividha aitihAsika keyaDA ukelavAmAM thoDeghaNe aMze paNa sahAyabhUta thaze emAM te jarAya zake nahi. julAI 1936 pustakAlaya mAsika (26) graMthanI zarUAtathI I. sa. pUrvenA 900thI zRMkhalAbaddha-kaDIbaddha ItihAsanI racanA e A graMthanI viziSTatA che. lekhaka potAnI mAnyatA ane nirNaya mATe sapramANa hakIkate, zilAlekha, kathane vigere TAMkI batAve che. prAcIna zodhakhoLanI daSTie A graMtha mahatvane che-A graMthamAMnA ghaNA muddAo haju carcAspada che. ane jAheramAM carcAI rahyA che. chatAMye prAcIna zodhakhoLa mATe lekhakane anubhava ane prayAsa prazaMsAne pAtra che. muMbaI tA. 1-6-36 (27) De. tribhuvanadAse je ke vaidakano abhyAsa karI muMbaI yunivarsiTinI ela. ema. enDa esa. nI padavI meLavelI che, paraMtu temanA mananuM valaNa jaina prAcIna sAhitya ItihAsa ane saMskRtinA abhyAsa ane saMzodhana prati vizeSa caeNTayuM rahe che, ane te viSayamAM teo uMDA utarelA che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa vidvaduvargamAM prAcIna hindustAnanA ItihAsa viSe je keTalAMka anumAna sthApita thaI cUkayAM che, te bhUla bharelAM che e emaNe prastuta pustakamAM, jaina ItihAsa ane sAhityanA AdhAre batAvavAne prayAsa karela che. Do. tribhuvanadAsanAM anumAna sAcAM paDe te ApaNe june ItihAsa ghaNe sthaLe sudhAra paDe. tethI ja prAcIna hindanA ItihAsanA abhyAsIone ame sadarahu pustaka dhyAnapUrvaka tapAsI javA vinaMti karIe chIe, evI AzAthI ke teo oN. tribhuvanadAsanA pramANe bArIkAIthI tapAse ane temAM rahelI khAmIo, deze vigere AdhArapUrvaka batAve. buddhi prakAza jaina prakAza