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CALENDAR-CASTES
Calendar, see Time.
Calf, first-born, as priest's fee, 12, 373, 390; c. of eighteen months, 43, 39; white c. of black cow, 43, 200. Calumny, and false accusation against a Guru, are mortal sins, 2, 281; the sin of accusing a Brâhmana, 2, 282; 14, 122; guilt incurred by false accusation, 17, 135; 14, 107; penance for falsely accusing a Guru, 14, 114; punishments for calumniating a bride or a suitor, 33, 172. Capital punishment, see Punish
ments.
Carpenter, simile of the, 35, 96; the house of a c. the resting-place of the sacrificial horse, 44, 360. Carriage, see Chariot. Cart, see Chariot. Caste, castes.
(a) Mutual relation of the c., their duties and occupations.
(b) Brahmanas and Kshatriyas.
(c) Kshatriyas and Vaisyas.
(d) The twice-born c. or Aryans.
(e) Low c. and outcasts.
() Mixture of c., mixed c.
(g) Religious view of c. (2) Religious rites different according to c. (i) The c. and the law. C. disregarded.
(a) MUTUAL RELATION OF THE C., THEIR DUTIES AND OCCUPATIONS.
The Brahmana is one of Soma's mouths, with which he eats the Kshatriyas; the Kshatriya is one of Soma's mouths, with which he eats the Vaisyas, 1, 287; initiation, study of the Veda, and kindling the sacred fire ordained for the three higher c., to serve the other c. the duty of the Sûdra, 2, 1 sq.; occupations of c. in times of distress, 2, Ivi sq., 211-14; 14, 20, 235 sq.; 25, 420-30; respect due to members of different c., 2, 48; 25, 53, 53 n., 55, 58; difference of c. with regard to the rules about saluting, 2, 53, 209 sq., 209 n.; 25, 52 sq.; lawful and unlawful occupations for members of the four c., 2, 123 sq., 21114, 227-34, 234 n.; 7, 13, 136 sq., 189: 10 (ii), 112, 116 sq.; 14, 1118, 20, 175 sq.; 25, lxxii, 325-7, 419, 499; 29, 124; 33, 54-8, 68 n.; 35, 247 sq.; precedence among the various c., 2, 125 sq., 125 n.; a king shall choose his oflicers from the
three higher c., 2, 163; all men must serve those who belong to higher c., 2, 234; the c. of Kayasthas or scribes, 7, xxiv, xxx, 46; duties of the four c., and law regarding the relation between them, 7, 12 sq., 27-9; 8, 126 sq.; 14, 199; 25, xii, 1, 24 sq., 27, 32 sq., 400-2,416, 478; 25, cv n.; a Brahmana, though only ten years old, and a member of the kingly c., though a hundred years old, must be considered as father and son; and of these two, the Brahmana is the father. The seniority of Brahmanas is founded upon sacred knowledge; of Kshatriyas, upon valour in arms; of Vaisyas, upon grain and (other) wealth; of Sudras, upon (priority of) birth, 7, 131; a rich man surrounded and waited upon by a crowd of Brâhmans, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sûdras, 21, 101; king the protector of the system of c., 7, 14; 25, 221; the peculiar laws of c. to be observed in the absence of special rules of revealed texts, 14, 4, 4 n.; a Kshatriya shall pass through misfortunes which have befallen him by the strength of his arms, a Vaisya and a Sndra by their wealth, the chief of the twice-born by muttered prayers and burnt-oblations, 14, 129; 25, 436; Sûdras created to serve the Brâhmanas, 25, 326; Brâhmanas may appropriate property from Vaisyas and Sûdras for sacred purposes, 25, 432 sq.; the law protects the four c., 33, 8; usury allowed for Vaisyas, but not for Brâhmanas, 33, 68; a Kulika, head of a caste, 33, 89 n.; Sâgala crowded with Brahmans, nobles, artificers, and servants, 35, 3; Vaisya and Sûdra surrounded by Kshatriya and Brahmana, 41, 227; Sûdra, Râga, Brahman, 42, 72; people, as compared with nobles and Brâhminas, are like iron, as compared with gold and silver, 44, 339, 339 n.; minstrels, harlots, gamblers, eunuchs are to be neither Sûdras nor Brahmanas, 44, 417; Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Kandalas, Vukkasas, hunters, merchants, Sûdras, 45, 301. (b) BRAHMANAS AND KSHATRIYAS.
Agâtasatru, the Kshatriya, teaches the Brahmana Gârgya Bâlâki, 1, 306; 15, 100 n., 103; a Brahmana of ten
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